>^ r "^ Snv. . . ANTHROPONOMY or » pfoitoai m& pjptaif gaw tit pan A NEW SYSTEM, On the Magnetic Constitution of Man, AS EXPRESSED BY PHYSIOGNOMY BLENDED WITH CRANIQLOGY, And maintained by Moral and Physical Hygiene, and Medicinft. according to the rules of Physiology, Therapeutics, Metaphysics and present experience, improved from the systems of Messmer, Puy Segur, Gall, Lavater, Spur zheim, etc. With a dictionary of the diseases of the soul and of the body. AND AS ESTABLISHED, BY REV. J. J} s £- ZENDSR, M. i>. Member of several medical and scientific societies, among which, the Phreno- logical Society of Tans and the old Society ot New York; Author of ths Alma- nach Frangais des Etats Unis, Guide des lois et des voyages des £tats Unis, French and English Pictorial Primer, Phrenological Charts, etc. This work is also adapted to the Medico-Physiognomico-Craniological delineation ©f the character, talents, dispositions, both moral and physical (health, diseases and remedies), of persons. Wisdom shineth in the face of the wise ; but the eyes of the foola are in U** ends of the earth. Proverbs xvii. 24. Iiudi aeavrcv. Know thyself. Chilo. The proper study ot mankind is man. Pope. The art of knowing men is as necessary and natural as language. Campanella. The outward man is only the shell of the man within. Dupaty, Res, non verba, quo93o. Horace — We want the facts more than the wo*4s. Know thyself, and tnereby reform thyself. The Author. 4th- Edition Enlarged and Improved from that of 1843. „ W 4^> NEW YORK: For Sale at the Author's Office. Price of the Book75cts. Price of the Examination & Writing p to %% 1869. NEW SCHOOL, IHEDiCO-PERElYOLOCilCAL CHART. For M %W Examination numbers are read thus : 1, very small ; 2, small • 3, rathe small ; 4, moderate ; 5, fair or passable ; 6, full or good • 7, rather large'* 8 lar^e r 9, very large. Ab. abused ; n. u. not used much. For the French treatise, 1 , 2, & petit ; 4, 5 6, modere ; 7, 8, 9, grand. Those numbers answer also in proportion to [the degree of abuse mentioned in the book, when not otherwise marked Art. 1. receiving the impressions The Sight, p. 22,96 The Hearing, p. 22, 9G The Smell, p. 22,96 The Taste, p. 22, 90 The Touch, p. 23, 96. . . . Art. 2. Elaborating those impressions 1. The Lymphatic, p. 25 ■Mucous, p. 25 Sanguine p. 25 2. The Sanguine, p. 25 — Muscular, p. 26 —Genital, p. 26 —Bilious, p. 26 — Lymphatic, p. 26 — Nervous, p. 26 — Bilioso-atro-nervous, p. 26 3. Bilious, p. 26 — Sanguiue, p. 27 .. — Nervous, p. 27 —Lymphatic, p. 27 — Atro-Nervous, p. 27 4. The Nervous, p. 27 —Pure, Mild, p. 28 —Lymphatic, p 28 — Bilious, p. 28 — Sansruine, p. 2S The Melancholic, p. 23 Art. 3. Reaction of the Brain § 1. Physiognomy. Comparison with animals, p. 49 The Head, p. 52, 99 The Face, p. 54 96 The Forehead, p. 55, 96 The Eyes, p. 22, 29, 56, 90 The Eyebrows, p. 56 The Nose, p. 57, 96 The Mouth, p. 57, 97 The Chin, p. 5S The Neck, p. 58 The Muscles, p. 51, 62 The Wrinkles, p. 51, 56 The Hair, p. 55 The Bones, p. 50 The Voice, p. 24,60 The Motion, p. 60 § 2. Craniology. Industry, p. 70 Vital Force, Cerebellum Physical Sensibility, Medul.-Oblong.. I. Vitativcness, p. 70, 89 I. Alimentiveness, p. 70, 89 3. Acquisitiveness, p. 71, 90 4. Destructivenes, p. 71, 91 5. Combativeness, p. 71, 91 f*. Secretiveness, p. 72. 91 7. Constructiveness, p. 72, 91 8. Cautiousness, p. 73, 91 * Watchfulness, p. 73, 92 Sociability, p. 73 9. Amativeness, p. 73, 92 10. Philoprogenitiveness, p. 74, 92.... II. A. Concentrativeness, p. 74, 92 11. B. Inhabitiveness, p. 75, 93 12. Adhesiveness, p. 75, 93 13. S

. Configuration, p. 79 .'.*"" 23. Measure, p SO 24. Weight, p. 80 '..'.'.'.'. 25. Colouring, p. 80 !!!!!!!!!! Observation, p. 81, 95 .......'/ " 26. Order, p. 81 27. Num.cr, p. 81 23. Music, p. 81 29. Time, p. 82 '**" 30. Localit}', p. 82 ..'. 31. Eventuality, p. 82 32. Ideality, p. 83 Reflexion, p. S4, 95 33. Comparison, p. 84 34. Causality, p. 84 35. Philosophism, p. 84 Communication, p. 85, 95 36. Imitation, p. 85 37. Wit, p. 85 38. Onomasophy, p. S6 39. Articulated language, p. 86 § 3 Medical Phrenology The Brain, p. 87, 95, 97 The Tongue, p. 97 The Pulse, p. 25, 52 The Contractility, p. 88, 96 The Extensibility, p. S3, 96 The Lungs, p. 87, 99 The Heart, p. 87, 9!) The Stomach, p. 87, 91) The Kidneys, p. 99 The Skin, p. 51, 52, 99 The Nerves, p. 6. 27, 88, 99 Physical Health, p. 33 Sleep and Dreams, p. 9 . ?T . Liability to Disea?^ Prevention, p. 25, Food, p. 93 Drink, p. 98 . Cure, p. 34, 9S Moral Health Predominant Passion, Moral Diseases, p. 31, S. Moral Hygiene, p. 34, 89. The Soul, p. 3, 15, 64, 65. Charity, Liberty, p. 33, 39, Special Talent Intellectual Diseases, p. $5 . .. Mania, p. 95 , Remedy, p. 36, 95 Choice of Profession, p. 41, 45 m u friends , ** *' Inmates , " " Spouse , " " Country Probability of Life, p. 62 ANTHROPONOMY OR THE SPIRITUAL A3VD PHYSICAL. LAW OF JJXAN. Anthroponomy (anthropos nomos, the law of man), 13 the science ol man, derived from his constitution, — which being founded on magnetic principles and giving out an outward expression as the indication of the inner man, has to be analyzed by Phrenological rules ; hence we may call this science: Magneto-Phrenology* and -Somatology Magnetism, (Magnesium, the city where the loadstone was found first), is the great principle which gives motion and entertains the vitali- ty of the human body Somatology is the science of the human body Phrenology (Phrenos logos, treatise of the mind) is a science, which treats of the knowledge of the inner Man, by the developments of the body, and particularly by those of the Face and of the Cranium. Hence two divisions: Physiognomony and Crauiology. The end of that Science is to know our present dispositions and capacities as well as those of our fellow men, in order to make the best of them, to correct and improve them, to discover our vocation, to judge as it were and with some probability of our future destiny, to manage the education of children, to select friends and inmates, to shun the wicked, and to know how to deal in all circumstances with all men. We shall speak therefore 1st, of the magnetic constitution of man; 2ndly of Physiognomony ; 3rdly of Craniology ; 4thly. Of Medicine PART I. The Magnetic Constitution of Man. The Magnetic Constitution of Man may be examined, first as regard to its qualities and properties, secondly as regard to its phenomena, and thirdly as regard to its ultimate import. Hence three chapters. Chapter, 1. Magnetic Qualities and Properties of Man, Man the most perfect of all earthly beings consists as every intelli- gent person admits, of a soul and of a body, which have been created to 1 act conjointly in one personality. There are two parts of the Universe, spirit and matter; so likewise there are two parts in man, soul and body. We may call, by figure of speech, all the existing and possible material worlds, the body of God ; and all the intelligence and power displayed in the creation, contrivan- ces, harmony distribution of vitality, the spirit of God that creates and moves all that matter inwardly and outwardly. God forms a unity of intelligence and power; but man whom God created in his ownlikeneas 4 MAGNETIC CONSTITUTION OF MAN. is only finite. Now the soul of man has been popularly taken into two meanings; as an intelligent substance and as a living principle. In the first place the soul is a spiritual, simple substance,, a breath or an eman- ation from God, Gen. 1; 26, and 2; 7, St. Paul calls it a spiritual body, alter it has left the physical body, 1 Cor, 15 ; 44 ; and as a living principle it may be defined ; an odic and electric organization of atoms giving rise and growth to an aggregate of tissues, common to all animals of any kind, but diversely modified among them, and which serves as a link of communication between the soul and the body The soul affects the body and is affected by it, through the link of an odic and electro nervous system, f like electricity which is the nervous system of the world.) The soul is present to the body and chiefly to the brain. It possesses two faculties, the understanding and the will, alias the mind and the heart. The Body is a material, extended, divisible substance made up of di- vers primary elements. It is endowed with a two-fold life, viz : the veg- etative, nutritive, organic or interior life residing in the viscera, ( the 6tomach being the principal organ, and among the least animated beings the sole organ to maintain that life ). The other life residing in the brain is called the animal sensitive or exterior life, (the external senses with their nervous system being the principal organs to maintain that life in alianimalsj. The conjunction of the soul with the body makes man possess a third life called the intellectual, moral or spiritual life of the soul through the bodyj in study with itself and in contemplation with its Creator, All impressions from the external world going through the senses of the body affect the brain, that is, are daguerreotyped in it, and are called sensations. Those sensations like the food in the stomach, are elaborated in the brain. The understanding perceives and observes those that belong to it, and reacts by reflection upon them; the rest that belong to the satsfaction of the body, remain under the control of the will with the names of feelings, because they prompt the soul to action, with or without liberty, that is with or without the approbation of the understanding. Those feelings form the power of the will as we will see hereafter, that has so much influence over the body. In order to excite that three-fold life above mentioned, the Almighty Maker had previously given his fiat and the Lux, Light or Electricity was made. That primary light, the first created being, nothing else but electricity, or the electro magnetic caloric, is the cause of all the phenomena of the universe, the principle that explains motion, vitality, magnetism, absorp- tion, expansion, heat, galvanism, gravitation, cohesion, attraction and repulsion. The electrical force works by polarized currents, like atom- ic moleculce, penetrating the moleculce of matter^it pervades all substan- ces, establishing harmony among them and among their integrant parts. Indeed we see in man all the phenomena of electricity or to speak technically the most complicated galvanic battery. Those material moleculce have all a centrifugal tendency, that is, a fugacious force or impulsion which would make them move onward forever, were it not for a contrary force or centripetal tendency in the atomic or electric moleculce which absorbs the material moleculce, and forces it to a rotation upon its axis. Hence the two contrary forces are called : absorption and expansion— or; absorbing force of the elec- QUALITIES 1ND PROPERTIES. 5 trie moleculce forming a positive or north pole, and expanding or ex- haling force of the material moleculoe, forming the negative or south pole. It is thus we explain the motion of planets by expansion or onward motion in the space, and the action of the sun, acting by ab sorption on them, checking their onward motion and forcing them to a circular motion about itself; and for the reproduction of moleculceand matter, there are two kinds of material, the oxygen moleculce emauating from the sun which is positive and male, and the hydrogen moleculoe emanating from the earth which is negative and female. Then the ox- ygen moleculce by combining itself with decomposed moleculoe or mat- ter, forms the nitrogen moleculoe; we are waiting for more experiments in science to explain this subject. The famous theory of the odic light and odic force of Von Reichenbach comes to give more elucidation to some phenomena. He termed it od, we mentioned it before. It is distributed, says he, throughout the mass of matter and over the whole universe, and shows itself more or less like an aura or flame or phosphorescence, secreted from the most refined elabo- ration of the human body. This odic light is felt and seen by sensitive persons principally in those in whom the spiritual predominates over the sensual: it warns the most sensitive or spiritual person of the ap- proach or contiguity of external objects by attraction and repulsion, and it is the cause o if the phenomena by which some persons are con- trolled by, or control animated or inanimated beings. That odic force differs from electricity, it does not want insuiation, it traverses spaces and bodies more slowly than electricity but quicker than heat, it is more permeable and penetrating.. It possesses polarity or a dualism of property, warm or positive, cold or negative. The north pole of the globe is called od-positive, and the south pole od negative. In the human body, the whole right side is od negative, and the whole left side od-positive. Positively electrical bodies diffuse odic coolness to the senses, negai'vely electrified bodies, odic warmth or diminished coolness. Ttiat odic light issues from the poles and sides of magnets and of crystals, and is only observable when patients remain in obscuri- ty for a long time ; and the odic force is felt, when, by the various dis- position of external objects, principally of metals, some sensitive person who receive some electrical currents are found within the sphere of their electrical action. Now let us examine the magnetic constitution of the human body. It has all its organs lined with a muco-serous membrane, mucous or positive on one side and serous or negative on the other. Being sur- rounded by the atmosphere, It receives in the lungs the oxygen with electricity, the nervimotor agent; the gas is distributed in centrip- etal and centrifugal currents ; that first action is called electro-chemical incitation Then nervimotion takes place either with or without-con- science: it is a perpetual motion of the organs under the control of the nervimotor electricity, or agent producing inervation. Now, the impressions of external objects, upon the senses of the body control directly or indirectly a double system of nerves called the Great Sympathetic or Ganglion nerve, and the cerebrospinal axis. The great Smpathetic nerve which is out of the influence of the Will, resides in the chest or viscera, and constitutes one sphere of activity having its two poles in the pelvis and forming besides the great pulo with the brain. It ramifies from its centre every where into many 6 MAGNETIC CONSTITUTION OF MAN. nerves, till they go and lose themselves in the brain, thus exciting the vegetative life, such as the heart, liver and stomach. The cerebrospinal axis which is under the influence of the Will, and which presents more especially the phenomena of inervation, resides in the spinal marrow for the excitement of animal life, and ramifies down to the extremities of the body. The brain forms another sphere o i activity, having its two poles, and forming besides the^ other great pole with the pelvis, the spinal marrow acting as a reservoir, and the spinal nerves as conductors between the brain and the pelvis. The spinal marrow contains two kinds of nerves, the encephalic or sentient nerves for the service of the external senses and of the under- standing, and the spinal or motor nerves for the mandates of the Will ; then the brain, where the sentient nerves reside, is exercised with the operations of the understanding, whilst the spinal marrow holds under its control all the contractile organs and thereby is a link uniting the interior life of the sympathetic nerve with the exterior life of the brain. The nervfts, the natural conductors of the currents of electricity which the external objects radiate, convey to the brain only the materials of ideas (nihil est in intellectu quod non prius fuerit in sensu, ) by the molecular motion operated by the nervous secretion which takes place from that radiation of electricity, and thus the brain is the instrument or organ of the soul. This electric impulsion coniing from the galvanic currents in the body, also called inervation is greater as the nervous centre is more voluminous, and as it produces thereby more sensibility ; on the contrary, irritation or unfelt impression predominates more as the cerebral nerves are less numerous. That inervation is the cause of the vital energy of individuals, I would say, is the vital force itself, it is the union of the odic intensity with el- ectricity, and is the cause of many other phenomena, such as those sparks of light which shine in the eyes of lively or angry persons ; those also in the eyes of lions, snakes etc., on the body of insects, from the hair ol men, horses, cats. etc. Inervation, at last, is the cause of the exaltation which takes plade in madness, delirium, tlights of fancy, and all pas- sions, etc. The limits I prescribed to me in this little book hinder me from ex- patiating at large in that vast field of intellectual philosophy in which we gain daily ground, I will content myself with what I can take with the subject. The senses of the body being continually struck and influenced by the surrounding objects, have thereby a tendency to be blunted and to be attacked by atrophy and death ; then the antagonists are food and sleep. Food makes up for the material parts ot the body wasted by its exertions, sleep makes up for our vital force wasted by its exertions, the absence which is felt by the sensation of fatigue. During sleep, atmospheric air is inhaled in the lungs, caloric or electricity is disen- gaged and animalized, the process of the human galvanic battery (be- tween the brain and the pelvis) takes place for the generation of a new supply of oxygeno electro nervous fluid which accumulates itself in the brain as in its proper reservoir. The brain is a soft pulpy substance, like a big nerve added to the medulla oblongata and expands iself in fibrous bundles, consisting of a series of lamina folded on each other like coils, the more proper form for the accumulation of electricity ; then there is no w T aste of fluid, QUALITIES AND PROPERTIES. 7 because all the external senses were insulated or shut up, being in a negative state or in a stale of irritation and exhaustion, although there is always a little of that fluid spent for the voluntary motion during sleep. When the brain i3 sufficiently charged with electricity during the period of six or seven hours, the body awakes, that is to say, the nervous fluid or secretion has reached the extremities of the nerves and the galvanic generation being completed, the spending of that fluid or of the vital action begins with the sensibility and contractility of the nerves with regard to external objects, so that our communication with the physical world is a continual spending or breaking of the current ol our electricity. The Sensorium commune is at the aboutissant of the cerebral masses and of the five sensitive organs, ending with the Pineal gland. That gland secretes and excretes probably the electro-nervous fluid, half spiritualizing it so as to communicate with the soul. Those micro- scopic or infinitely minute atoms of the nervous secretion electrified and polarized, that is, set in motion by the electrical force, represent the .images or materials of our ideas, as well as their relations and combi- nations ; they are perceived by the intuitive power of the soul. The soul being as it were in contact with that electrical force, has conscious- ness of those ideas, of their relations and consequences ; which existing independently from our mind, but dependency upon our cerebral or- ganization, explains the word perception as the action of attending to or observing one object, judgment as a perception of two objects and of their relation, reflection as a perception oi judgments, The soul wills by itself, and immediately its mandates are obeyed by its electric con- tact with the motor nerves which stand ready, as it were, to receive the electrical shock. Chapter 2. Magnetic Phenomena of Man, Having analyzed the constitution of man, a3 regard to its magnetic qualities, we will now view it as regard to its magnetic phenomena. All beings in the universe bear some relation to each other from God the Almighty, in a descending scale to the lowest creature, or the grain of sand.That scale of relation is maintained by a regular system of ab- sorption, and expansion. God the Creator absorbs them all, and all creatures expand towards him. There is, then, a magnetic action, 1st, among inanimated objects ; 2ndly, of man with those objects ; 3rdly, of man with animals ; 4thly, of man with man ; 5thly, of man with him- self; 6thly. of man with spirits and angels ; 7thly, of man with God. $ 1. — Magnetic action among inanimated objects. — We have little to say here fbr our general subject about that magnetic action among min- erals and metals. It is called mineral magnetism, terrestrial magnetism. The loadstone and iron are the principal objects which show attraction and repulsion, the north pole of the earth exhibit the attraction of mapnet, needles — acids and alkalies are the principal tests for chemical affini- ties, composition and decomposition, absorption and expansion. § 2. — Magnetic action ot man with minerals. — Man can be ac»), and the soit-disant phrenologists, whom I call craniologists pronounced those people incompetent, when their very physiognomies proved the contrary. The craniological or cerebral organs, whether large or small, can be stimulated, as we have seen, by phreno-magnetism, and consequently can also be stimulated by other external objects, so as to come to a cer- tain sphere of perfection in proportion to their size cceleris paribus. That stimulation of the cerebral nerves takes place by the rules of inervation. The size of craniological organs, is a measure of power in their func- tions and those organs for rather their nervous system, ) are increased and strengthened in electrical intensity and sometimes in size, by re- peated stimulation and exercise which influence their sensibility and activity, (c&teris paribus,) the oth-r circumstances being equal. These circumstances are health, temperament and physiognomical features, so that a large head, a small head, a large brain, and a small brai^ may happen to have the same degree of understanding and feeling whether in a great or a small amount. A good health is necessary for the good performance of vital functions, disease is an obstacle to that end. The temperaments as another ch> cumstance , are treated of in the second chapter of Physiognomony, ITS ULTIMATE IMPORT. 19 Tho physiognomical features are spoken of more particularly in the 4th chapter ot Physiognomuny. So we sei that Physioguomony is the necessary concomitant of crauiology, and puts people to their right standard by expressing what use they have made of their faculties and what really they are. It is a general fact that every one judges of his neighbor physiog- nomical ly and even craniologically without any knowledge either of those technical names or of the rules of those sciences ; the cause of it is a natural instinct, like that of music or of mathematics, which is pos- 6esed more or less by every animated being and which we call physi- ognomical tact. The latter consists in a more or less susceptibility of tiie nerves to be stimulated and acted upon by the various forms of external objects, and especially in a more or less sensibility of the optic nerve of one individual to attraction or repugnency when he looka at the eyes of another. We might attribute the perfection of that tact to individuality, form and philosophism (crauiology, Nos. 21,22, 25) whilst oue views at once a whole vast subject such as the works of nature and arts, human nature, etc. Indeed, if we consider Man, all is homogenius in him, the form, the stature, the color, the skin, the voice, etc. ; Man constitutes one whole wherewith all the parts ought to harmonize: for no part can be con- ceived in a state of insulation from the rest; every one is made up in its own piece, with a relation to the surrounding ones, and then to the whole, and with developments influenced by more or less actions of the brain. Every indication from the body being partial, has to be combined and summed up in order to know the result or judgment of the whole. Since the craniological organs grow with the brain, it follows that they are all innate and are more or less developed in every individual, Notwithstanding that innateues3, Man through his moi or individual consciousness, is free in his actions, that is to say, he can deliberate, choose, reject, act or not to act, use or abuse those craniological organs or faculties, and therefore he makes his own physiognomy which is nothing else but the expression of the use or abuse of the craniological organs; in a few words, Man builds himself his own physiognomical house or appearance upon the crauiological foundations or organs given to him by Nature. The different signs of Phrenology are distinguished into passive and active which both are divided into natural and acquired. The active natural s gns belong to pa;hognomy or language of action; the active acquired be ong to mimic or pantomime ; the passive natural belong to crauiology and semeiotics, and the passive acquired belong to physiognomony and sometimes serneio ic and crauiology. As the human machine is, with regard to external objects, constantly receiving, working and giving out, it leads to the division of its organs into receiving, elaborating and giving. The receiving, organs are the senses of the body, the elaborating ones are in the temperaments and the giving out organs are the phrenological organs or the physiognomi- cal features and the craniological faculties. Since the receiviug and the elaborating organs as well as pathognomy, semeiotic, mimic, etc., are branches of Physiognomony, we will include them accordingly. So we will treat of those two parts ; rhysioguomony and Crauiology. 20 PHYSIOGNOMONY. PART II. Physiognomony. Physiognomony f Phuseos gnomon, nature's indication J is the science of the Physiognomy (Phuseos nomos, nature's law) or features of man, results of the qualities of the brain or of the soul, expressed on the body of man. It is the true science of sentiments. Physiognomical sensation or tact, and daily experience of facts teach us the following principles: 1. Each individual brings into the world from his parents a prototypic form, concealed, as it were, under the minutest electrical atom, which has its regularity of growth and perfection assigned by an electrical force or movement belonging to that atom or adapted to that form. If he studies that nature and follows it, without being debarred by sick- ness or averse circumstances of life, he has attained the perfection of his sphere or the end of his creation for the greatest glory of his Almigh- ty Maker. If on the contrary, he ha3 received a bad education or none, or if he ha? imbibed corrupt manners, or has been afflicted with dis- eases, his features become deformed ; then, it is the province of the Phrenologist to ascertain that primitive form, and to judge of the devia- tions frornit, in order that man may correct himself. 2. As the existence of an individual is nothing else, for us, but the incessant external manifestation of various affections, under the influence of which he is domineered, and which are succeeding to each other in him, either in his needs or in his growth ; and as we naturally are all more or less Physiognomists, judging each other upon those manifesta- tions, there must be a law in the organism upon which we can base our judgments. 3. We see that each affection of the heart and each reaction of the mind are expressed and manifested externally by different signs; the same faculties are constantly expressed each one by the same parts of the face or by the same particular motions of those parts, therefore there is a particular physiognomony for every faculty; hence also the face is the mirror of the soul. 4. The expression of those affections and reactions is powerfully modified by the constitution or temperament of each individuality, that is by the elasticity or the rigidity of the living fibre of which the organs are composed, and chiefly hy the play and flexibility of the muscles, vessels and nerves, which form the soft parts of the face. The vital energy and the nervous sensibility, especially, vary considerably in the diverse individuals of the same species ; hence, the same objects or the same impressions are far from producing identical sentiments among human individuals : hence, there is a peculiar physiognomony for every species and every temperament. 5. The divers traits or features of the face do not concur equally nor in the same manner to the expression of our capacities and dispositions ; the forehead, for instance, predominates more for the understanding, GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 21 the nose more for delicacy of feelings, the mouth and chin more for sensuality, etc. 6. The expression is still more susceptible of a certain progressive improvement by which it acquires more or less correction, gravity, delicacy, elegance or gracefulness, in proportion as the individual who exhibits them, has received a n'cer and more careful education, and as the circumstances and society in which he has lived, were of a nature to give to his manners more civilized and refined forms. 7. The habit of falling again into certain thoughts, or in the excesses of some passions, or of being domineered by certain sentiments, or cer- tain affections of the soul, or of performing always the same actions, impresses at last upon the physiognomy, or even upon the whole body, a certain manner of being from which it is difficult to refrain. 8. Then every profession, trade, situation in life, every capacity, dis- position and passion, have their proper type or physiognomy, peculi- arity of action, habits and features, which are indicated by the convul- sion, expansion, contraction, oppression, size, functions, color, strength, etc., of the muscles, nerves, skin, etc., of the organs. Therefore the quality of the brain will be, its more or less capacity, according to the more or less good condition of the nerves, blood, mus- cles, skin, integuments, bigness or smallness of the external organs, etc., 1st. to receive more or less well the impressions of bodies made on the nerves of the external senses ; 2ndly. to elaborate more or less well those impressions into sensations and ideas (by more or less activity of the temperaments,) for the intuition of the understanding; 3rdly, more or less well, to act externally or to express out by signs or by actions the decisions of the will upon those elaborated sensations. We will treat then, first, of the external senses; 2ndly, of the temperaments; 3dly, of generalities in Physiognomony ; and 4thly, of special Physiognomony. Chapter, 1. Physiognomony of the External Senses, They indicate the primary power of the brain to receive the impres- sions of bodies, conveyed to it by the nerves, bnd thereby they estab- lish a communication between the soul or interior life with the world or exterior life. Their bigness gives their greater capacity and want of receiving, length gives continuity or indurance in the action, breadth gives activity. The external senses emanate all from the sense of touch or feeling, are modifications of it, and may be divided into lour kinds accordingly : 1. The sense of breathing or of motion, residing in the lungs. 2. The senses of Intellect, such as the sight, the hearing and the speech. 3. The senses of industry, such as the smell and the taste. 4, The senses of sympathy, such as the sexual apparatus, pain, pleasure, hung- er and thirst, and the touch. In all living beings, larger organs require more substance to spend their action upon, larger lungs require more air, otherwise the subject would die for want of supply, larger stomachs require more food, larger eyes more sceneries, larger ears more sounds, etc. The animals has the same quantity of senses as man has, except the sense of speech which is limited. They have also nearly the same 22 PHYSIOGKOMONY. quantity of craniological organs, but of a smaller size and with a de« pression of the reflective organs, so that when they receive the external impressions which act upon them as upon us, those impressions are adapted to them according to the smallness of their organs and the more or less excitation of their nervous system. Their body is also like a galvanic battery and the electro nervous fluid plays its part for their vitality. The rules of inervation are observed in the system of those inferior beings which act by an electric instinct The certain sphere of acts which they perform, and the sameness of those acts, show how involuntary or even mechanically the animal fulfils the end of its crea tion. Jts physic al wants are its only guides ; they do not deceive it, they are in proportion to the higher or lower scale it occupies in the creation, that is, they are adapted to the quantity and quality of organs they possess, and no education can improve or change them; whereas man who enjoys reason, besides, »tan multiply his wants continually and indefinitely by artificial means of adaptation and improve himself im- mensely by education. Man differs from the animal by his soul, whose reason wants and hastens to know more and more, and whose will 6hows its liberty and all kinds of affective actions, loving more and more, and never being satisfied upon earth till the bodily habitation is dissolved in order to unite with the Creator. We will follow the common division for the sensitive organs, Section I. THE SIGHT. — The eye is the organ of it. It receives on the semi-transparent tissue of its retina, the impressions of light, radiated from surrounding bodies, modifies and transmits them by the optic nerve to the brain. There, the mind forms its imagination and conception of the figure, color, and distance of those objects. The eyes are the seat of language by their power of receiving electricity, there- by they fascinate and magnetize any living animal, as we have proved in our experiments. A good sense of sight is generally known when we find black, thick, straight eyelashes, large bushy eyebrows, concave eyes, contracted as it were inward ; short sighted people have a stern, earnest look, small eyebrows, large pupils, see on the eyes the 3rd chapter, and 4th chapter 2nd article. Section II. THE HEARING.— The ear is the organ of it. It has an intimate connection with the moral sentiments. The meatus audit- orius receives the impressions of sounds, or the undulatory vibrations of the air caused by the percussion of bodies. The tympanum analyzes them, and the auditory nerve conveys them to the brain. The sense of hearing is good in those who have ears well filled with gristles, well channelled and hairy. Notice that the mere hearing of 6onnds is dif- ferent from the craniological organ of music or the power of perceiving the relations of those sounds. (See Music, No. 28. ) Section III. THE SMELL.— The nose is the organ of it. It is the seat of moral taste and delicacy. The gazeous substances with which all bodies are impregnated and surrounded as by an. atmosphere, come out radiating from the caloric, and go through the nose of the olfactory nerve which conveys to the brain the impressions thereof, and their agreeable or disagreeable sensations are perceived by the soul. The sense of smell is excellent in those who have large noses descend- ing very near the mouth, neither too moist nor to dry, Section IV. THE TASTE.— The palate and the tongue are the organs of it, and they produce the sensations of physical taste alone. THE EXTERNAL SENSES. 23 They are covered with fine terminations of nerves (called papillae on the tongue, which receive the impressions of bodies and convey them to the brain. The sense of taste is nice in such as have spongy pores, soft tongue, well moistened with saliva, yet not too moist. Section V. THE TOUCH OK FEELING.— It is the elementary sense. The whole body is the organ of it, and chiefly the lingers. It is excited by the surrounding objects on the line terminations of nerves spread over the surface of the body, and their impressions are convey- ed to the braiu. It informs us of some qualities of bodies such as the temperature, form, weight, consistency, elasticity, etc., and corrects the errors of other senses. The sense of touch is delicate in those who have a soft skin, sensible nerves, and nervous sinews moderately "warm and dry. * Let us bear in mind that all action or motion in the human system is produced by the combined influence of muscular contraction and expansion, the effects of positive and negative influence, attraction and repulsion, the natural influence of the two countervailing properties that constitute motive power, and these two properties are connected with different modifications of matter (by their molecular and electrical affinity,) and are imparted to the human body through the secretory and excretory system: Therefore if they are not reciprocally balanced, there must be an increase or diminution of action in the whole or some part of it. Increase or diminution of motion is synonymous with mor- bid action, or non-equilibrium of action* If, in an organ, the attractive impulse or positive influence exceeds the repelling or negative, then undue contractions ensue, which will lessen the dimensions of that organ. If it be general over the system, there will be a general wasting away of the body, as in old age. If, the excess ol positive influence is very'great in an organ, there will be an increase of action to fever in that organ, because the vital action, making by itself efforts to restore its polarized currents, becomes more violent and wants a substance of a negative influence to spend its ac- tion upon, such as acids, water, vegetable substances, and there must be an excretion of the positive substance or bile from the liver. If the repulsive or negative influence exceeds the attracting, undue expansion must follow, producing local or general enlargement If it exceeds very much, dimunition of action ensues as in cold, it requires the appli- cation of positive substances, such as stimuli, sleep, animal food, sweet salt and bitter substances ; exercise and there must be an excretion of the negative substances of urine from the kidneys, etc. In the homoeopathic system (similia similibus curantur), an infinitely minute particle of mediciue is like an excess of positiv e or negative electricity (according to the quality of the medicine and the case of the patient,) added to procure increase or diminution of the vital action on the nerves, through the body, in order to have the disease go through its stages and hasten the crisis of the disease upon the feelings of the sympathetic nerve. All those medicines operate on the nerves particu- larly, and succeed in chronic diseases when a diet is kept accordingly, by which no acid and nothing but a simple and nutritious diet is observ- ed, thereby giving time to the vie medicatiixnaturoeto operate the cure. 24 niVSIOGNOMONY. Section 6. THE EXTRA SENSES*— So I call the additional senses mentioned at the head of this chapter, 1. The sense of Breathing or of motion. It is the first sense or the first receiving organ. The lungs are the organ of it. It is well con- ditioned in those who have a large chest and broad shoulders, but they must keep against asthmatic diseases, it is badly constituted or near consumptive diseases in those who have the chest retreating and small shoulders. The lungs receive the oxygen of the air for the galvanic process of the vital action. (See note on the 23rd page.)* 2. The Sexual apparatus as giving a peculiar sensation of sympathy and pleasure, is generally in proportion to the size of the cerebellum, See Amativeness, (No. 9, of Craniology) and the temperament sanguine genital, in the next chapter. 3. Hunger and Thirst. Two modified sensations of the organs of the stomach, produced by the negative state, wasting or irritation of the organs which require substance in a positive state to re-establish the equilibrium, by repairing the wasting. The proper substances being introduced and assimilated into the stomach, for the sus- tenance of the body, become moderators of the vital force which spends its action on them, that is to say, they counteract the vital force of the oxygen on the lungs, which has a tendency to become more aud more violent, and wants an object to spend its action upon and to keep the equilibrium; hence the great principle of vis medicatrix naturae. 4. Pleasure and Pain. Two opposite modified sensations of the organ of touch, affecting every organ of the body and every faculty of the soul. The great sympathetic nerve is the main organ of them. All substances posess according to our theory a variable specific amount of caloric or electricity according to time, place, essential or accidental qualities ; all have towards each other a positive or a negative influence, sympathy or antipathy, attraction or repulsion ; in other words they have an electrical affinity or repugnancy to each other. So we receive or reject objects for our benefit according to that theory, by pleasure or pain. It is a benevolent design of God for our preservation, which requires also contrasts and no monotony on this earth. Then all impressions affecting the body externally or internally are shared by the sympathetic nerve, its sensibility is affected by pleasure from agreeableness, good scent, savor, harmony, truth, goodness, beau- ty, etc., it the sensation contains a greater amount than usual of positive and negative influence, and possesses besides a small excess of the positivei A small excess of the negative predominating over a greater quantity of positive and negative, will produce a breaking of currents or of equilibrium, aud therefore pain from disagreeableness, bad smell, disgust, disordance, falsity, wickedness, ugliness, etc. Hence, happi- ness is the pleasure felt by the satisfaction of the desires not only of the external senses, but but also of the mind and of the heart ; and thus every creature has its sphere (high or low) of happiness according to his deaires based on its more or less limited needs, 5. The Speech. The organs are the mouth, the teeth, the tongue, the palate, the larynx and the trachaea. The larynx is the principal organ, the 6ize and form of those organs influence the voice accor- dingly. TELITLKAKENTS. 25 Chapter, 2. Physio gnomony of the Temperaments. They express the degree of sensibility of the vital action, and thereby the degree of activity and strength of the brain receiving the nervous impressions and elaborating them into sensations. They answer to the vulgar query: What is my temper? There are four kinds of temperaments or organic constitutions, recognized by the ancients on the score of the four principal humors, elements and other qualities. They are 1st. The lympathic, spring, water, cold, childhood. 2ndly, The sauguine, summer, air, moist, youth. 3dly. The bilious, autumn, fire, hot, virility. 4thly. The nervous, winter, earth, dry, old age. We will follow that division because they represent the predominance of large organs over the others ; and in the predominance of any of those temperaments, w r e must place the individual mode of existence or personal idiosyncracy, which depends on it as on a centre of sensi- bility, (arising from the various proportions and sympathetic relations among the parts that make up that organization, different among all individuals J. The qualities and properties of the temperament of a man are the attributes and must be added as adjectives to hi3 craniol- ogical organs. Section i. THE LYMPHATIC. The Lymphatic, phlegmatic or pituitous temperament prevails generally in the spring of life or in child- ren. It is caused by an excess of the veinous blood, by the assimi- lating organs, the secreting glands and the repletion of the cellular tissue, increasing in bulk for want of a proper strength to excrete ; the sensibility is weak, the body is cold, moist, fat, soft, fair and hairy ; there is a whiteness or wanness in the face and skin ; little thirst; soft, rare and slow pulse, blue eyes, fair hair. Indolence, love of rest and ease, laziness, actions slow and dull, languid circulation ; weakness in the intellectual faculties, though, greater endurance, in the animal functions, without activity ; it possess more lime, sulfates, etc. ; sleep much and frequent, plumpness and soundness of forms; dreams of white things, floods and all incidents belonging to water. This temper- ament is opposed to the bilious, is very vivacious, can bear any climate, though belongs to the cold, gives a liability to catharrs, suffocations cutaneous diseases which are cured by a phlogistic regimen, such as stimulants end all substances of the positive influence, and by residing in hot countries. Lymphatic Mucous. A variety of the lymphatic caused by the mucosine, a kind of sweat sometimes oily, very abundant in youtn. That mucosiue is produced by living in wet and shady places, by a plethoric habit, eating much and drinking beer, cider, clear wine, etc., and it is the cause of verminous affections and moral disorders, Lymphatic Sanguine. Pleasantness, affability, fondness for society and parties, not much application of the mind. Section 2. THE SANGUINE. — The sanguine temperament is the summer of life, that is to say, it prevails generally among adults from fifteen to twenty-nine years of age. It is caused by the remarkable developments of the exterior capillary vessels, by the predominance of 26 PHYSIOGNOMONY. arterial blood, and by the large size of the organs of blood; those organs su h as the lungs, the heart, the arteries, and the vein vapidly perform iheir resp'rato y and circula'orv functions. The sensibili y i; moderate, the hod v is mois , hot, resh, fleshy, fair, fof,haiy; the hair light or chestnut ivtao- cv, levity, affability. pleasantness liveliness, mirth andhughter; actions quick and sometimes violent, dre ms of red things, beauty, feastin , pleasures; the chief aim of this temperament is love; sickness < f the ii fl mmatory kind, 6uch as fevers, hut not very dangerous, cure I by antiphlogistic regimen such as bee ling, (only in apopletic symptoms,) the use of acids, cathartic*, the use, of free air, substanu s of the negative influence. It is more liable to intemperance, insanity or consumption, and will sooner be sick than any other temperament, and in that »:ase wants animal food, and substances of the positive kind, it possesses more iron, etc. ; it is opf o ed to the melancholic or nervous. ^anguine Muscular or Athletic. It takes the middle way between the sanguine and the bilious, en account of the locomotive apparatus (the nus^les and the fibrous system ) being greatly exerted by labors in men of cithers nguine or bilious temperament. It pos- sesses hard hones, strong nerves, rigid fibres, solid hips, muscles harsh- ly expressed, prominent breast, small head, no sensibility, obtu-e feel- ings, little application, considerable appetite, predisposition to tetanos, and little resistance to diseases; it aims at taking every thing by storm, and belongs to temperate climate. Sanguine Genital. It takes the next rank after the muscular be- tween the sanguine and the bilious, on account of the hairy body, much beard, sensual love, cerebellum prominent. Its abuse is known by emaciation, a particular discoloration of the skin, a voracious and insa- tiable appetite, abatement of the understanding, little memory, little disposition to work, eyes dull and weak, dilatation of the pupils, bluish circle and retreating orbit. Sanguine Bilious Pure. Zh> best combination of temperament for men. Subcutaneous veins apparent, middle plumpness, boldness, courage, indefatigable constancy, capability for the greatest achieve- ments, dark complexion. Sanguine Lymphatic The best combination of temperament for women. Amability, mildness, health, longeviiy. Sanguine Nervous. Although the sanguine is opposed to the ner- vous in poii.t uf diseases and cures, it is not in other respects, and they can be united with each other ; this temperament gives inconstancy, shortness of action, smartness. Sanguine Bilioso-atro-nervous. Irascibility, hastiness and liabil- ity to the greatest exces&es in virtues or in vices, eccentricity caused by passions. Section 3. THE BILIOUS. — The bilious or choleric temperament prevars generally more in the autumn of life, that is to say, anvng persons of perfect virility from the age of 29 to 63. It is caused by the predominance of the veinous blood together with the sensibility of the digestive organs, such as the stomach, the duodenum, the intestinal canal, the spleen, the larger size of the liver for the secretion of a larg- er quantity of bile. The sensibility of the nerves is rather quick, and TEMPERAMENTS. 27 the irritab'lity is great, the body is hot, dry, lean, hard, hairy, has a yellowish or brown skin, black hair; Arm muscles; dry tongue and mouth; spittle litter; bird, soft and often beat ng pulse; eyes of every color, dark generally and more inclined to green; f*reat appe ite of the stomach, whether good or depraved; projecting bones. Ambi- tion is ihe chief aim; the brain is active. It has decided activity, strength, ambition, perssverauce, actions quick, energetic and constant, inquietude, hatred, jealousy, irascibility, premature development in yon h of the moral faculties, susceptibility; it possesses more iron, caibon, etc., it has dreams of yellow things, of brawls, fights and quarrels; diseases of the liver and stomach cured by exciting proper excretions, by using evacuant-*, by purging and by observing more reg- ular 'y in the diet than by taking medicines. It is opposed to the lym- phatic ; it agrees better with cold countries, although it belongs to the hot. Bilious Sanguine. Activity determined and a longer time sustain- ed than in the sanguine bilious, with well combined and executed plans. Bilious Nervous. Great mental power, perspicacity in various achievements. Bilious Lymphatic. Strength of mind and body with indolence and heaviness. Bilious Sanguine Atro-Nervous or Atrabilart. Extreme susceptibility, irascibility, aptness to eccentricity caused by determina- tion to act. Section 4. THE NERVOUS OR MELANCHOLIC— The ner- vous or melancholic temperament prevails generally in the winter of life, that is to say, among old people. It is caused by the excessive sensi- bility and delicacy of the nervous system affected principally with ihe black acrid bile ; the excretions of the latter as well as of other organs are performed 100 strongly in proportion to the secretions, and tie mucous membrane is more subject to be irritated, and the cellular tis- sue to become more thin and worn out. That predominance originates f om the abuse either of the sanguine or bilious temperament; although be'ng thereby, the Pr>t stage ota disease*, it is a real confirmed temper- ament, as being both the last stage of them, and the highest state of vital seiiribility. The effect of the acrid humors produces an insensible consumption coming with age, hastened by too much exertion of the body, either in sensual pleasures, or by too much exposure to cold.; it may be accelerated by obstructions in one of the organs of the abdo- men, by an undue proportion of strength, sympathy and relation between the noli ! s, the liquids and the fluids, by the great influence of the soul over the body, indulging in intense studies, in griefs, in all moral passions concentrated, good and depraved, and by whatever tends either to raise the spirit in contemplation with God, or to deject it down so as to cause a forgetfulness of the ca~e of the body; all those derang^me ts produce a disorder in the polarized currents of the body and in the dispensation of the eleciro-nervous fluid for its vital action. In this temperament, the body is dry, cold, lean, smooth ; it has fine thin I air, gloomy and leaden colored face; vivacity in the sensi- tion, the chest narrow and compressed, the abdominal muscles constrict- ed ; spittle little and sour; hard, rare and little pulse, general emaci- a i' n. Delicate health, tmall muscles, irritability, actions quick and short; 1 it' le endurance, fondness for vivid sensations, §tab:lity in cog- 28 PHYSIOGNOMONY. itations, constancy in ths achievement of the thing intended, love of study, intent on gloomy objects, greatly oppressed by fear ; amourous passions excited more by the effects of th^ imagination, which is often generally vivid, than by need and capability ; great susceptibily, imag* iiiation, faith, hope, charity, all passions good and bad easily excited; dreams of black and terrible things, ghosts, beasts, choaking, etc. It is opposed to the sanguine. It possesses too little iron, carbon, lime, etc. The diseases are of two kinds ; the nerves are either overstimu- lated by some agent, such as lightning, eager expectation, any passi n, or they are tending to a torpid state such as atrophy, paralysis, etc. In the former case, (as we have mentioned in the note on page 23,} there is an increase of action and we use antispasmodics such as water, etc., with air, light diet, etc. In the latter case there is a dim- inut on of action, then we use stimuli, such as electricity, magnetism, (animal or mineral,) spirits, camphor, friction, etc. and in general in all nervous diseases, we use magnetism, (animal or mineral,) the stimulus of imagination, faith, hope and charity. Nervous Pure, Mild. It is the first division of the nervous, a deranged state from the sanguine, the sensibility of the nervous s\stem ptays the greater part. It produces emaciation, smailness of muscles, Boftness ike in atrophy. It is the first descending scale of the nervous temperament. Nervous Lymphatic Vaporous. Absolute will without tenacity and a mobility and versatility in judgments and determinations. Nervous Bilious. Great power and activity without great brilliant cy, but shining in proportion as it is called into requisition. Nfrvous Sanguine. Extreme intensity of action with brilliancy, but for want of strength, the activity is too intense and the the operations are rapid and flashy. Melancholic or Atrabilary Pure. It is the second division of the nervous, a deranged state from the bilious. There is a particular habitual constriction of the abdominal organs, the proportion of humors to solids is small, the secretions of the bile like in the bilious are not in proportion with the excretions, (which mny be cured either by the • removal of the bile from the bodv, or by proper time or substances to let the bile take its course,) the circulation i3 slow, the heat weak, the functions of the nervous system deranged and irregularly performed, the breast narrow and compressed, the abdominal muscles constricted ; the skin takes a deeper hue, looks gloomy, the organs badly fed, dried op fib es (which constituted vigorous inuscl^e, now) attended with a general stiffness, (in the exercise of the functions of lifej increased by the extreme sensibility cf the nerves. In a high degree of intensity, every desire is a passion ; continual erotic desires, determinations full of hesitation and anxiety, feelings a long time entertained which finish thro gh more or less crooked paths, extraordinary sickness, austere morality, ecstacy, superstitions, supernatural and visionary circumstan- ces. Melancholic eilioso-morbid or hypochondriac and atrabil- ary. Aptness to resentment, perfidity; fearfuln ss, fanaticism, love of S' litude. Melancholic maniac. Pulse and process of organic functions irreg- ular, lucid instants followed by hasty and violent passions. TEMPERAMENTS. 29 N, B. t There is another constitution called the temperate, admitted by Physiognomists to exist, when there is no predominance of any sys- tem of organs, but all the powers are reciprocally ballanced, so as to exhibit in the living economy a perfect equilibrium. It is taken for the type of the health of soul and body, Chapter 3. Physio gnomony considered in the general kinds of Pyhsiognomies. Physiognomony gives only general rules of Physiognomies ; but the special rules for the different and extensive modifications of the human form, must be made up by the Physiognomonical tact which is our last judge, which Providence has given to all living beings to guide themselves by, and which we must cultivate by studying a book of this kind and by exercising that tact after the rules. The eyes are the proper organs of that tact and the different electrical sensations that the eyes of one individual receive at viewing either an object, or the eyes of another individual, are indescribable: one of the two individuals often overpowers the other by his looks, either naturally or forcibly; the looks in both cases may be hard, bold, mild, or indifferent, and the effect, for both or any of the two individuals, is : indifference, antipathy, or sympathy. In those three sensations are contained all the modified combinations of all other sensations. Read about the eyes; Chapter 1, Article 1, Section 1, and Chapter 4, Article 2, Section 8. As Physiognomies are the express'ons of sentiments in individuals, those sentiments cannot be perceived or observed except by the eyes alone, the eyes are the judges of sentiments by action, as the ears are the judges of sentiments by words. Those actions in the eyes, consist ia the more or less absorption or expansion of the optic nerve, and in the play of the surrounding muscles, (see Chapter 4, Article 2, Section 8 ) and the exchange of sentiments is thus given by the electrical currents of the eyes of one person to those of another. The difficulty of delineating by writing a silly look, for instance, and the difference of opinions in physiognomical judgments on one object, caused by the different sensations in some individuals from the same object, accord- ing to the affinities with that abject, or the antipathies against it, have always been a great obstacle to improvements in Physiognomony, and require to reckon only as Standard of Physiognomies those that come from the majority of observers. The best judges are those who have studied nature classically, that is, the proportion of the human body and especially the face, and have frequented and observed all kinds of socie- ties and people, by which they have formed their taste and opinion, without any prejudice. In order to read well the face of a man, we must avoid disturbing his natural state by any impression of ours, as the reaction of the sentiments of the latter, might turn hypocritical, then and after that first reading, it is time to impress and excite him, in order to study the reaction on his face and eyes. Let us bear in mind that all nature tends to an equilibrium, or to 3n equiponderation, and that we are naturally attracted toward the general harmony of the universe, and toward the harmony of special being«, around us as the drop of wine is equally absorbed or distributed through 30 PHYSIOGNOMONY. a whole tumbler of water, by the system of God op God's nature ; absorption and expansion of all beings to each other, from him and to him, in a regular scale. So we naturally distribute our sentimeats to mankind for our happiness and the happiness of others, and «zive a little to every being. Therefore our judgments on general ideas must be based on what is true, good, and beautiful, upon the whole, (which is called the rule of harmony). As there is so much difference in the minds of men, we must study the standard truth, the standard good, and therefore the standard beau- tiful from the majority of opinions and tastes, and then we will be able to discern a true physiognomy from an hypocritical one, a good one from a wicked one, and therefore a beautiful one from an ugly one. Let us attend also to the following rules. The primitive and natural talents and dispositions must be discerned from those that are acquired by education or circumstances; and the possession of knowledge and sentiments must be distinguished from the savoir-faire, or the practical use made of them. Then we must distinguish the solid, fixed and permanent features which represent those natural qualities as we see them on the cranium, and some parts of the face ; from the soft flexible, mobile and fugitive parts which represent those acquired qual- ities, as we see them in the lace. See the iirst page of Crauiology. We must exercise our eyes by looking up often into the eyes of per eons till we elicit some action from their eyes ; (we do not give this ad- vice to children who must have a modest look when dealing with senior persons). We must excite the laughing, which is very ex pre-sive especially in the manner of contracting the mouth (hypocrisy), or ex- panding or stretching the mouth (silliness, boldness); the gentle smile being the principal character of goodness and frankness; beware of your neighbor ; always take a serious appearance in examining, etc. See rules for examination, Chapt. IV, Art. 2, Sec. 2. We can also study the various airs by assuming them ourselves, and examining ourselves in a looking glass, for instance : a proud air, a graceful air, a silly air, a trickish air, etc., which could not be described, Each one of the Physiognomical descriptions mentioned, in the next articles, must be considered as containing in-each one a series of divers particulars, that may be related either conjointly or partly to one same physiognomical portrait; so that it is not necessary that a whole de- bcription should coincide entirely with an individual in order to apply the physiognomical portrait to him; but some features of it are enough when they coincide with the other preliminary conditions of Crauiolo- gical organs, temperament, etc. The physiognomical tact being the principal judge that must come in aid to discern what must be taken or rejected in the physiognomies. ARTICLE, 1. Physio gnor.iony of Passions* Passions are the highest degree of activity of every faculty; or they are the faculties themselves which want to be satisfied to their utmost * Ti e study ot human passions ought to be for U6 a capital atlair of investigation, in order to understand the springs of action of the soul. PASSIONS. 31 and which are given to man for the safety of his existence and as indis- pensable to the satisfaction of his wants, when they are all well directed. Had we discovered the laws which regulate their actions, we could have deduced from that law a social system adapted to their greater satisfaction, and better than the one under which the present state of society is so much grieved, and afflicted with evils and abuses. As there is unity of system in the universe, that is, as the physic al world is an image of perfect unity and harmony, so must the moral world be, which is the effect of the actions coming from the free will of man. As mankind is fast advancing in civilization, the experience of the past and a higher degree of science will teach our descendants better laws suited to meet the exigencies of the passions, by a system of universal attraction, by which they will be able to establish harmony, unity, and a happy conflict of interests, tending to the good of the individual, and at the same time, to the welfare of the community. The community, for its safety has to choose for itself, or consent to some form of govern- ment whether monarchical, aristocraticai or democratical. In alt cases St. Paul warns us to submit ourselves (Rom xiii, l t ) to the superior powers; for all power comes from God. Now, the people are not obliged to have so much probity to sustain themselves in a monarchical government, because the force of the laws and the arms of the chief can easily correct the abuses; then the aristocraticai government is subject to too much division, change, partiality, and injustice; but in the democratical government, there is something more than the force of laws, it requires more force of virtue, which makes democracy the most perfect stale bat without virtue the community is lost That principle of democracy is well understood in the United States and it wiJl improve. The power of the community is the ordination of God. or the voice of the community is the voice of God, whenever tl;e community deliberates : and in all cases, a community will never make laws against its welfare, although some laws may be contrary to the interests of only a few individuals. That democratic principle may be corrupted not only when people lose the spirit of equality, but when they imbibe the spirit of equality to vulgarity, for instance, in losing obedience to the power or the office of the magistrates, and in coupling the good and the bad, virtue and vice together, by which the execution of laws fails for want of virtue. In all kinds of societies, the first evils are the abuses of the satisfac- tion of passions in individuals, and the second evil is the tacit sanction of those abuses from the chiefs who could easily repress them, or from the community which wants more viitue in its agents, in order to check them, The most pernicious abuses of all the dispositions of man, may be reduced to three sorts : cupidity, pride and sensual pleasure ; the abuses of the mind are not, so pernicious to morality, although they are so to health. Cupidity is money making (auri sacra fames), pursued to its utmost decree by all kinds of speculations upon every thiug and upon ihe labors ot every person $ the consequences are: deceitful bankruptcies, unjust monopolies, useless speculative brokerage and commercial parasitLm cr wasting of goods by the too much competition of retail 32 PHYSIOGNOMONY. Then, a close and continual exercise of aiy of the faculties (or craniolo* gic il organs) performed unduly is a disordered want, and becomes a passion. There are three kinds of passious. merchants. The force of money, we may say, rules society thro ugh alt its members generally, and it produces assumpttor, pride, aristo cratical spirit, and love of those honors and distinctions which belong only to virtue and talent. Pride the abuse of self esteem (No. 13 of CraniologyJ , is the greatest disturber of rights and peace among men. Sensual pleasures are abused according to the exposition of our theory, (see the two principal organs of sensuality, alimentiveness No. 2, and amativeness No. 9.) and degrade humanity on a level with the brute. The second evil above mentioned is the tacit sanction of abuses from the officers of the government especially in a Republic ; that evil is the consequence of the first abuse. Cupidity and sensual pleasure in the chiefs of a government make them unfaithful to their duties, in the administration of justice, they give a bad example to their families and societies £ the result is bribery in votes and exag- gerated ideas of liberty, for want of a proper definition of it. As regard to voting, there ought t> be only one poll for all parties, and a neutral person to receive the tickets; So that no bystander knows the choice of any voter, in order to avoid quarrels; and no one ought ' to vote who has no education, no morality, and who lives under tutel- age, etc. As regard to exaggerated ideas of liberty, many children in minority by reading newspapers inform themselves of all the scandals of society, and unfortunately do not find any food adapted to their position, on obedi- ence, modesty and submission to their parents ; so they tbmk ihey are as much as men, and then form militia bands, political associations, game clubs, or parties of their own, without the advice of moral parents; forget- ting that they ought to be presided by senior persons whose instructions they are in need of. Parents ought not to separate ages in amuscmei ts, and exclude their children fram their own amusements, or themselves from their children's amusements, in order to teach them how to play with modesty, nor to allow daughters to walk seperately with a young man, asthese abuses create a flirting which degenerates in perversity. All passions will always increase by habits. Prostitution when it comes in the last stage, for girls is worse in America than in Europe, for want of not being regulated by visitors as in France ; it undermines the general health of the country, by bringing bad diseases into so many families . Such is the result ot a false liberty. Is there any absolute liberty? No. Liberty is only relative, it is the faculty of doing whatever we please, except what is against the laws, against tho morals, against the right of others that we have to recognize and re- spect, or against the advita and instruction of parenls fcr minors; we are linked to each other by so many various relative duties, that we are not free from those duties, and children must be taught that those that obey tho best are the best commanders hereafter, and at last PASSIONS. 33 The organic or bodily passions which act by contraction or dilatation. They are the external senses, among which, gluttony, drunkenness and sensual love may predominate. The passions of the mind, which act by tension, such as too much attention, memory, fondness for muse, for order, for books, fanatcism. And the passions of the heart which are divided into convulsive, op- pressive, expansive and mixt. The convulsive passions are expressed by a bluish or livid taint of veiny blood, protuberance of the muscles, ot the lip for instance, of tho nose, etc; extreme agitation, hard breathing, spasmodic circulation, certain physic al wants not satisfied, anger, fury, delirium, bad humor, violence, hatred, fright, the furies of love, convulsive laughter, sobs, suflbcations, griefs, asphyxia, apoplexia. instead of an aristocracy of money which is reigning, we ought to have an aristocracy of virtues and talents to look up to for rulers. In order that the community may succeed in lessening if not extin- guishing the culpabilities of those abuses, it might make laws accord- ingly, and create means for a greater satisfaction of the faculties of industry, such as ambition, in the distribution of lands and business, giving to every one an equal right or equal means to obtain in society a rank based upon his merit, talent and sk'll. There must be laws for a greater satisfaction of the faculties of sympathy, such as physical love and charity, which tend to social pleasure, equality and the levelling of ranks in education first and then by exciting to virtue ; there must be. laws in fine for a greater satisfaction of the intellectual faculties by stimulating arts and sciences ; and as long as money shall subsist as the lever of the World and will stain the conscience, of men, all the etTor s of society must turn especially towards checking its abuse by imposing more duties on passional industry, and on those that have more money, and by establishing generally a passional attraction of industry to make money circulate. As regards the checks of moral passions, the institution of the temperance societies have done much good to suppress the improper use of spirits ; let us have now a money temper- ance society, in this sense, that people bind themseves not to use more money then their regulations allow for their wants, giving the overplus to the poor or to a literary or beneficial institution. Let us have a love temperance society by which people bind themselves to observe the morals. Let us have houses of agriculture and of industry, to train up vagrant boys and girls, at the support of the government. We may have also societies of beneficence and all kinds of institutions and com- munities to promote economy, industry and virtue. And after all, if perfection is not obtained, if men will always abuse their faculties and show their wickedness, let us conclude that their passions or desires are too great to be satiated here below, and that ibis world is a valley of labors and tears, in which we have to do penance, and try to conquer our enemies ; let us be comforted by the hope that, as we ennnot reach perfection upon earth, we are still proceeding in the immense f eld of virtuous improvement, and that we can prepare ourselves to make us worthy of the eternal enjoyment of all our desires in the bosom of our Creator in another world. 34 PHYSrOGNOMONY. The oppressive passions are expressed by the oppressions of the prGBcordian organs, the heart, t e lun^s, the diahpragm and other en- terian organs. They shake or achate the body more or less, and we see the effects thereof by the discoloration of the skin, the heat, the cold, the perspiration, the pulse small and contracted, the breast feels a weight or a suffocation, and the feelings are concentrated in the epig- astric region. They again produce sighs, inquietude, sadness, timidity, dejectedness, melancholy, resignation, concentrated jealousy or envy, dissimulation, repentance, fear. The expansive passions are under the control of the will, and are remarkable for a sort of extension and light phloorose on the face, caused by the lively red or sherry taint of arterial brood. They pro- duce smiles, hope, love, tender feelings, sweet friendship, benevolence, contemplation, ecstacy, innocence, intuitive beatitude, joy. The mixt passions are formed by the simple passions, where two or more different sentiments dominate in an individual, and they exhibit indignation, pride, vanity, contempt, disdain, irony, shame, candor, etc., which are described in the forehead by a more or less vivid coloration. The idea of passion has been improperly applied to virtue ; for as we mean by it the highest degree of activity of a faculty, that degree is a disordered need which prevents the cultivation of other faculties toward the perfection of manhood, and when it is not a moral sin, it is at least an organic evil, which can be diminished. The limit which neparates need from passion is duty ; we must then moderate our pas- sions, in order to fulfil our duties. Everybody possesses more or less one or more expansive disposition in his soul, and the one which ought to predominate is charity, which cannot be called a passion, because a passion always expresses an abused disposition. Passions are developed by all kinds of circumstance*, we must study them, and we must have severity for ourselves and indulgence for others. There is a perfect parallelism between passions and diseases, as regards their beginning, progress and end. The result of passions are insanity, prematured death, misery, suicide, crimes, etc., not only among indi- viduals, but among nations: their constant play abridges life. Pathological facts lead to the following rules : — When there is in the body any diseased part, the domineering passion makes itself known in that part. When there is a complete harmony among all the func- tions, the gay passions will shake in preference the thoracic organs, the sad passions will disorganize the abdominal viscera, and the mixt passions will affect the abdomen first, and the thorax next. Among individuals whose constitution is strongly defined, the morbid effects vary accord- ing to the diverse temperaments, which are always a true predisposition to the diseases mentioned in their sections. Any suffering organ, being in a state of negative electricity, is absorbed by the electricity of the surrounding parts with which it sympathizes the most, and thereby the irritation or congestion is diminished. In the most vivid passions, the reaction of the thoracic and abdominal viscera takes place principally toward the encephalou, which in its turn, shaken by that morbid reflux, sets reason in perturbation and makes it the sport of hallucinations. As regards the treatment of passions, there are three kinds, the med- ical, the legislative and the religious. The medical treatment consists in the following rules; to study well the temperament, or organic predominance and influence on the PASSIONS. 35 over-excited need ; to neutralize that influence by a dietetic regimen ; to remove the occasional causes of passions, as for instance in love, by forbidding children to Btay either aloue or with a suspect per- son ; to impress a new direction to the ideas of the patient, in order to distribute in an equal manner the over-excitement of the domineer- ing need; to break up the periodicity of the passion, especially of the animal propensities; at last to bring up to a normal state, the organs which maintained the passion, or upon which the passions preyed, and which in their turn, would react upon it, and would thereby increase their intensity. The calm of man is not inaction, but a harmonious and mild equilibrium for his happiness and that of society, which consists in health for the body, virtue for the heart and reason for the mind; above and below that scale we find disease, passion and folly. A cooling diet, cold baths, abstinence from meat and heavy food for a time and especially from alcoholic drink and wine, are the sure remedies. The legislative treatment consists in punishments. When any passion in any man becomes a public nuisance, or an object of scand- al, bad example and evil to society, like drunkenness, fighting, liber- tinism, etc., it is time to denounce that man to the proper authorities, that they may coerce him by some fine, or some reparation of honor, some sound rebuke, and sometimes by confinement, when necessary, s The religious treatment consists in calling up the feelings of men towards God, and especially to their last end. This means must al way be preached, as the legislative fail often in the object, and makes men often worse than before when they have left a prison. Then, by prayer, exhortations, and impressions from the judgments of God, the attendance to holy ordinances, together with fasting and abstinence, and a hygienic regimen for the reduction of stimulus in the body, we can arrive to a peifect cure of passions. K"ow for an explanation about the checking of passions ; we have stated in the last note how vices or wicked .passions could be checked in the improved system of society, let us say how an individual can do by himseif to check his own passions in any state of society, whether he be in a country where the legislators do not give the means or the liberty to satisfy one's passions, or he be in another country where almost all the vices of the country above mentioned are made virtues in the latter. A general answer is, that a man may live according to the laws of the country where he resides; si Romam venias romano vivitomore; that is, If thou comest to Rome, live after the Roman fashion, pro- vided those laws do not contradict the great evangelical precept which is also philosophical: "Love thy neighbor as thyself," which is an evidence of the love of the Creator, and the summary of the laws and the prophets. Thus, theft, if allowed in a country, is no more reckon- ed a theft, because the action becomes a common and reciprocal right of skill, whether for play or for need, acknowledged by mutual consent and sanctioned by law, as it was existing once among the Spartans. Also, polygamy, which, as a remedy to prostitution and debauchery, is practised by some uncivilized nations, is universally reckoned to be a means of expediency not a virtue, tolerated by Providence in the course of human imperfections as a transition to better times; there- fore, a man going to reside in Turkey must m-ke these questions to 36 PHYSIOGiNOMONY OP himself: Is there any mutual consent both between me and the women, and between the women ; which ought to be the basis of the law? Does tbc woman feel happier or more benefitted or less a slave in polygamy than in monogamy? Does a polygamist do to a woman what he would like her to do to him, were he a woman ? Does po- lygamy lessen prostitution and debauchery in the country itself in proportion? Does a man benefit society by procreating many chil- dren, like the Chinese do. where we can see the evil of too much popu- lation? We answer for all-— no But if the ignorance of the polyga- mist makes him think he is making his women happy, and if ic is the less of two evils for him to fall into, with the sanction of the law, he may feel justified to live at Rome as at Rome, according to our saying; still he must not forget that as soon as he feels that he is doing wrong, he must quit a practice which is not countenanced by civilized na- tions. If he would employ his time in some regular labor of body which would occupy the mmd also, moderate his appetite for food, and meditate oa the Christian doctrine, he could by prayer, be con- verted. But we lack the provision of the law which ougnt to favor early marriage and impose a tax on those who have attained their majority and are marriageable, for monogamy; and as the legislators have found no remedy against concubinage, prostitution and debauch- ery, nor against other established evils, we must attend to the follow- ing rules : it is certain that all the cranio! ogical organs or faculties want to be satisfied to their utmost, and naturally come in crowds for that purpose ; then the natural rule is to let them be moderately satisfied all in turns, and to vary their exerci-e according to time, place, etc , for fear that any passion may go too far by itself and take the lead to the detriment of virtue and to the loss of health, and of the rest of the individual. When all the faculties of the soul concentrate themselves a long time towards the idea of the satisfaction of only one domineering or excited passion, it produces monomania or partial insanity, only for the time of the concentration. If the soul enjoys either in itself, or in its body, the idea or sensation of any physical pleasure, as if it were real, we call it a concentrated passion. It becomes so much more furious on the body, when the reality takes place, as it was concentrated a longer time. If there be an extinction of almost all the faculties either for not being exercised, or on account of the domineering passion seek- ing always its satisfaction, it produces complete insanity or idiocy in all actions. So, in any state of society, it would be an injury to the indi- vidual to let his passions grow as he pleases, because he would at last adhere to one that would prey upon his brain, and would torture him as it were to his destruction both of soul and of body. Then the abuses of bodily passions, such as sensual love, hunger, thirst of alcoholic drinks, can be counteracted by the cultivation of the faculties of industry in exercising the body to the tilling of the land and to hard manual labors, and by the cultivation of the faculies of morality and religion, in attending to preaching, temperance, religious and literary meetings, and especially by the treatment mentioned on p. c5, also by a serious appeal to his rerratatioTi. welfpre and common sense. The abuses of the passions of the mind, which come by too great and a close tension, or by too long an application of the mind in per- ceiving and reflecting, undermine the organs of the brain, cause the MORAL AND PHYSICAL QUALITIES. 37 orbicular mus< les of the pupil of the eyes to retreat, burn the blood according to the old saying, bring on the melancholic temperament, and at last the death of the individual. Those abuses are corrected by the exercise of the body, diet spare and nutritious, good rest and sleep : for, a sound body will give a sound mind ; the cultivation of the faculties of the heart are secondary and of good effect. The abuses of the passions of the heart, such as jealousy, envy, pride, , or morality. 3. The temporal region B C G F, or iudustry. 4. The occipital region A B F E, or socia- bility. 5- The basilar region or the base E F G H I K, or the region of the senses or sensuality. 0. The facial region or the face. We must ascertain their bigness or smallness and judge accordingly with the other physiognomical parts- Section 4. THE FACE. — The face or facial region is the mirror of the soul ; it contains the expressions of the use or abuse of the faculties of man. It may be divided into two parts by a horizontal line crossing the eyes by the middle, the upper part represents the intellectual faculties, the under part the affective faculties. It is generally divided into three parts: the forehead or the under- standing ; the space between the root of the nose to the middle of i he lips, or the moral feelings; and the space fromt that middle tothe'end of the chin or the animal propensities. Then we ascertain the pre- dominance of the faculties according to those proportionate sizes. The face or any part of it open denotes franknes3, simplicity, mild- ness ; round, simplicity; — square, eccentricity; — harshly expressed, choleric, irrsacibility ; — broad, failing in cunning, rashness, violence ; — naturally smooth, cultivation of feelings, delicacy ; — accidentally smooth, hypocrisy; — small, timidity; — thin, susceptibility, dryness, weakness; — fat or fleshy, sensuality, laziness; — conic at the chin, THE FACE. * 55 subtlety, cunning; — flat, coldness, simplicity; — long, perseverance, slowness; — firm, firmness; thick, shame; — big, boldness; narrow, indocility; — lean or emaciated, privation of enjoyments either by conscience or sickness; — soft, delicacy; — any part projecting, energy; — retreating, weakress; — close, concealment; — high, fancifulness. The contours or outlines arched, mildness ; — rounded, flexibility. Angles projecting, energy, roughness; — fine acute, acuteness, perspi- cacity. Lines angular, stiffness ; — rectilinear, force obstinacy, understand- ing ; — curved, weakness flexibility, feelings. Section 5. THE HAIR. The hair is the excrement of blood, which shows more readily the constitution ; and it is a tube which contains a colored oil. Black hair contain more iron and carbon and shows strength and love; golden — more phosphorus ; pride, gentleness, liveliness; light — more lime or magnesia; smoothness, or slowness; red — more phosphorus and carbon ; irritability, excessively good or bad, brown or chestnut colored — more iron and lime; regular habits; white — more lime, slowness; auburn or ginger — passionate love, jeal- ousy. Soft — softness; thin — sensibilty; coarse — coarseness; slankand black — energy ; curled — irritability ; standing up on end — fearfulness. THE BEARD. — Thin soft, lavishn ess; red — craftiness ; little or none, or a small mustachio, ill humor and laciviousness ; — pale, fllegmatic tem- per, prudence ; — dark, sincerity, boldness, smartness and melancholy. Section 6. THE FOREHEAD It is the measure of the capacities of the mind, and the moveable skin which covers it, shows the use or abuse we make of those capacities. The breadth of the forehead is equal to nine times the breadth of the thumb of the ind vidual. We ascertain the advancing or retreating of the different organs of the forehead, by measuring the abscisses of the forehead from the facial line described above, and it tells for the size of the craniological or- gans ; also the forehead must exceed in length the two-third3 of its height for talents. A facial line drawn vertically and parrallel, (not to the inclination of the forehead as stated b.fore for ascertaining other conditions, but) to the natural straight setting of the head on the shoul- ders, — must touch the most prominent part of the forehead ; and then draw another line from the orifice of the ear passing under the upper gums, and reaching the facial line. The right angle of 90° is the measure of talents 4. If the facial line leaves too much of the lip or of the jaw outside, the individual has his sensual appetites more prominent accordingly, although he may have a good understanding, as it happens in some negroes. Let us now exercise our physiognomical lact. A forehead gently arched without a single angle signifies mildness, and sometimes want of energy; smooth, open ; peace of mind; — full of irregular protuber- ances ; choleric temperament; — perfectly perpendicular from the hair to the eyebrows ; obstinacy, fanaticism, deficiency ; — perpendicular and arched at the summit; profound, reflecting, cool mind; — rounded and projecting, as in children; weak mind; — rounding at the top and descending in straight line; great judgment, irritability, a heart of ice, melancholy; — narrow; a froward disposition; — inclining back- wards witho ,t any jutting of the bones of the eyes ; want of reflection ; — high; capriciousness, but if the bones of the eyes project; aptnesj 56 PHYSIOGNOMONY. to mental exertions ;— advancing at the top in adults ; reflecting mind, mid in children slowness in learning ; — retreating at the top, reflection not so well developed; — advancing over the superciliary region; great perceptive faculties ; — shorter in height than the nose ; stupidi- ty ; — peaked at the top on both sides ; talents. The wrinkles of the forehead mean the cares of the mind ; irregular, horizontal and furrowed; stormy passions, perturbation of mind; — ■ regular, horizontal, less broken, not so near the eyes i old age ; — per pendicular ; energy :, application ; — transversly cut ; laziness, want of perseverance ; — only at the upper part ; a look of amazement, approach- ing sometimes to folly. Lines horizontal at the junction of the nose and forehead : a harsh and unfeeling disposition. Deep perpendicular incisions between the eyebrows, with all other circumstances ; strength of mind. The front- al vein appearing distinctly in the midst of a forehead open and reg- ularly arched, denotes extraordinary talent. Section 7, THE EYEBROWS AND THE EYELIDS.-- The eyebrows have two principal motions, one by which they raise them- selves, the other by which they turn down in uniting. Those two motions express almost all the passions and are in accordance with the two essential appetites of the sensitive life of the soul, viz; the concupiscible, such ts the desires for sustenance, pleasure, etc , and the irascible, such as melancholy, distress, disdain, etc. The eye- brows gently arched denote modesty, simplicity ; — small ; a phlegmatic temperament; — horizontal; a masculine and vigorous character;— partly horizontal and partly curved ; energy and ingenuity ; — situated very high; incapacity for reflection : — angular, discontinuous; inven- tive genius; — uneven and disordered; great vivacity; — full, bushy, compact, well disposed, and symmeterical ; solidity of judgment, clear sound sense. A wide space between the eyebrows; quickness of ap- prehension, calmness of soul. The nearer they approach the eyes, the stronger is the assurance of solidity and reflection. The eyelids short and small mean wisdom, secrecy, contention, and if they are long with long hair on the eyelashes, simplicity, presumption, deceit. Section 8. THE EYES. They are the light of the body (Matt, 6 ; 22, 23,) hence such an eye, such a body, (see organ of sight, page 22, and chapter 3, page 29.) Their physiognomical value resides in their situation, form, fixedness, mobility, color and constant reception and emisssion of light and electro-nervous fluid. They are the elo- quent and faithful interpreters of our thoughts, and declare the emo- tions of the soul in an indescribable manner. Every one must exercise himself to their actions, and familiarize himself with the following expressions ; a single look, an evil look, (Matt. 6 ; 22,) a benign look, a mild look, a treacherous look, a silly look, a look amourous, languishing proud, rough, frightful, deep, sustained, bold, etc., and when the physiognomical tact is sufficiently exercised, it seldom fails to find out the conduct of an individual. There are six muscles in the eyes that give expression to their motions : four straight and two oblique. The four straight musele3 are attached behind to the bone around the entrance of the optic nerve, and before to the sclerotic coat of the eye; the upper straight is to elevate the eye and is called, the proud, because it gives f he eye a EYES, NOSE AND MOUTH. 57 proud look. The lower straight turns the eye downwards, and is called the modest. The internal straight which turns the eyes to- wards the nose, is called the drinker ; the external straight which turns the eyes towards the temples is called the disdainful. The upper oblique, which is the longest, rotates the eye, and is called the pathetic, and the lower oblique is to regulate the motions. ^Ye must discern the piercing look, denoting vivacity, ardour and expansion, from the fiery look or eagle look denoting concentra- tion, absorbing or attracting. Near-sighted people are more apt to be deceived and corrupted in their imagination than far-sighted people. Minerva was called the blue-eyed lass, and Venus the black-eyed maid; Now, the eyes blue denote generally a phlegmatic character, know- ledge, friendship, often feebleness; — black; energy, las civiousness; — grey ; choleric disposition, when the lids are red, drawn back and sunken; — hazel or brown; vivacity and affability; — green; courage, anger, envy, vivacity; — red; the nature of the cat; — yellowish or citron; secrecy, slyness, usurpation ; — blueish grey or saffron color; often wickedness; — sleepy, slothfulness, unfaith'ness ; — small; cunning, secrecy and wit; — acute at the extremity near the nose; cunning and fineness ; — crossed diameti ically at the ball by the upper lid; subtle- ty, cunning; — sunken weakness; defect of verbal memory; — deep " in the head; great mind; — projecting and big; verbal memory, (see organs No. 38 and 39 craniology;) — round; simplicity, credulity; — twinkling, squinting or winking ; treachery ; — the lids which incline downwards when talking or looking ; wickedness, falsehood, avarice, laziness ; — well drawn ; precision ; — staring ; simplicity, boldness, irresolution; — dry; great mind. (See page 37, etc.) Section 9. THE NOSE. — The nose is very often a great charac- teristic. It is the seat of anger or of derision, and its wrinkles that of contempt. It was called by the ancients the most honest part of face, because its tumefaction and its redness gen'rally betray the devia- tions from continency and diet. A nose aquiline or roman, or curved at the root ; shows imperious temper, ardent passions ; love of commanding, firmness in purposes, and ardor of pursuit; — sharp pointed; a passionate man; big and well formed ; chance of rising in the world ; — big and red at the tip ; nastiness, intemperance, or concentrated passions; — small; one is re- gardless of character and appearance ; — middle sized ; sense of one'3 character; — Grecian or straight with, the forehead; amiability, effem- inacy; — cock like ; self conceit, boldness, loquacious and bustling dis- position ; — small pointed and elegant ; more judgment than wisdom ; — ■ stump ; generally little wit or understanding ; — snub ; one is cunning, shaver, of infinite jests and excellent fancy; — hook"** one is sly. insinua- ting, unfa thful, roguish; — with a wide ridge; good and solid judg- ment, superior qualities; — with small nostrils; timidity; — with the sides or nostrils of the nose, or wide open breathing nostrils; sensibil- ity; — flexible and perfectly disconnected or turning up at the tip; a proneness to sensuality; — arched; spirit of sallies; — blunt; obtuse mind and feelings ; — long ; (see the buco-nasal interval, Sec H>). Section- 10. THE MOUTH.— The mouth is of all parts of the face the only one which expresses more particularly the feelings of the heart. A mouth shutting or inclining itself by the sides, expresses 58 PHYSIOGNOMONY. complaint; — whose corners raise themselves; contentment; — carry- ing itself forward and raising itself at the middle ; aversion ;— frequent- ly shut witn lips closed and strongly marked ; precision, avarice ; — closed, concealing the edge of the lips ; application, order, and neat- nees ; — closed and turning up at the extremities ; affection, arrogance, vanity and malignity. When the lower lip projects beyond the upper ; negative goodness, the upper lip projecting a little ; positive or efficient goodness ; lips firm, firmness ; — compact, avarice ; — weak, and in motion ; weak and wavering character ; — full, distinct, and well proportioned lips ; a char- acter hostile to falsehood, villainy and baseness, but witii a propensi- ty to pleasure. Lips thick and fleshy ; sensuality and slothfulness, a characteristic of a phlegmatic temperament; the lower lip with an indenture in the middle, liveliness. The bucco-nasal interval (between the aperture of the mouth and the nose,) if large, shows that the arch of the roof in the mouth is more elevated, and has more surface and hence leads a man to sensuality, as the taste has more energy, and to impudent and coarse actions. If the interval is small, then the nose is longer, and the smell has more energy. Now as the impressions of odours have in themselves some- thing less brutish or more delicate than those of taste, it follows that the taste of such an individual, being less voracious is more delicate, still, a long nose is the sign of virile power. If the height of the nose depends upon the feature of its root which is as thick as the bone of the nose ; it shows the organ of individuality large and aptness to appreciate things of taste ; the hole above the middle of the upper lip denotes greediness and cruelty according to its size. The teeth are the symbols of cleanliness or neglect of it, according as one keeps them clean or not. Section 11. THE CHIN, CHEEKS, NECK AND EARS —The chin is the index of love. A projecting or long pecked chin, (mentonde galoche) denotes energy, tenacity of opinion to hatred, and as it pro- ceeds probably from the going down of the glenoidal cavity of the temporal bone, it gives energy to the craniological organs of the tem- poral region such as destructiveness, etc, — if the chin is receding, on the contrary it shows the contrary, or carelessness about opinions, weak- ness. A chin advancing, and pointed denotes craft ; angular ; a sensible mind and a benevolent heart; — flat; coolness of temper; — smooth, fleshy, double ; sensuality, lewdness ; — small ; timidity ; — with a round dimple ; good nature ; — with an incision ; wisdom, resolution ; — square, belongs to man, and denotes courage and strength ; — round and thin, belongs to woman and denotes good nature with a little vanity. The cheeks fleshy; a proneness to sensuality; — large and coarsely furrowed ; ill nature and brutality; — receding, wisdom, though symp- tom of disorders in the teeth, in the stomach, or in the lungs ; — with a hollow ; envy, jealousy. The neck long ; gentleness; — short and thick, especially if the vein? should be conspicuous ; a very passionate and sensual man, in danger Of apoplexy; — short and small, wisdom. The diameter of the neck ought to be the half of a head. The ears large and big; simplicity, laziness, although a good mem wy; — small; good judgment, secrecy, prudence; — long and thin, 4 VARIOUS PARTS OF THE CODY. 59 jluttony, impudence, pride; well proportioned, wisdom; tliey are tho sign of docility, in general. Section ] 2. THE REST OF THE PARTS OF THE BODY,— All the parts below the head are not so important ; but as they have a rela- tion to the vegetative life and constitute wi>at we call pantomime, their interpretation may make up for a conclusion by way of majority of the same signs. Any part big and fleshy ; sensuality ; — thin ; activity o^feelings, sensibility ; — large ; strength of body or dullness ; — small ; weakness ; — hairy; lewdness; — unhairy; weakness, delicacy, simplicity; — regular ; regularity of feelings ; — irregular ; irregularity ; — long ; coarseness; — short; solidity, quickness of motion ; — rough and fur- rowed ; roughness ; — soft ; delicacy ; — well proportioned ; regularity in the harmonious result ; and — badly formed, bad results. So, the shoulders, the arms, the hands, the breast, the stomach, the ribs, the thighs, the knees, the legs and feet, may be approximately interpreted, according to the above rnle. A bump on the back shows a man prudent, covetous, deceitful and witty by practice. A bump on the breast means a double heart, mis- chief, more simplicity than wisdom. ARTICLE III. Accidental modifications of the Body. There are two kinds of them, those which belong to Pathognomony, and those which belong to Physiognomony. There is a third modifi- cation called semeiotic, which has to do with both, and is the science of signs for health and disease, or a medical physiognomony. Section 1. Pathognomonical modifications. Pathognomony is the science of Pathognomy, or of the laws of passions setting the body to action. It is Physiognomy in action, they are inseparable in the study of man. On that account, we have mix- ed them together, that is, both the active and passive state of the same moveable parts of the body, in the physiognomical rules. We may compare man to a tree : Craniology is the root and stump or founda- tion : Physiognomy is the body and branches grown, according not only to the quality of the root, but according to external circumstan- ces, such as air, water, culture, neglect, etc. : and Pathognomy is the fruit of that tree, hence it becomes - a science of mimick for courtiers and flatterers. However, we have called mimick in our French treatise the imitation or representation of a cerebral organ by pathognomy and physiognomy, and whatever plan we may take in expressing our desires or passions, pathognomy reveals it by actions, and the repetition of those actions in passions is impressed on the moveable parts according to the physiognomical rules laid down, whilst Crani- ology which has modelled the solid parts, reveals the dissimulation, if there is any, by telling us the primitive dispositions. Those move- able parts are the eyes, the eyebrows, tho nose and the mouth, which . we have analyzed in the foregoing article. Now the actions of those caoveable parts are called pathognomonical modifications, and tht-y are: 60 PHYSIOGNOMONY. speaking, laughing, walking gesticulating, and any moving of the parts of the face and of the body. 1. The Voice which partakes of that of animals, is assimilated to the same character. It can be divided into dragged or drawn, forced or affected, natural (or articulated without effort or laziness.) Hence we may infer the character or the present disposition which is, either not near enough the truth, or beyond the truth, or truth itself. The voic3 may be soit, strong, trembling and exhibits the same epithets. A voice that sustains itself in singing, shows either jud ment or hyp crisy. 2. The Laughing, great foolishness; easy — simplicity; scarce — con- stancy, prudenc ', subtlety. The smile shows judgment or irony. 3. The walking, slow, with large steps: slowness of memory, coarse- ness — Quick with small steps : promptness, delicate capacity. — Slow with measured steps : judgment, reflection. 4. The Gestures. They go in accordance with the walking and the voice, they are natural or unnatural : that is, they exhibit truth or falsity. 5 .The Moving. All the motions of the body are made according to the temperament and the character of the individual. A motion made unnaturally or unnecessarily: indiscretion, vanity, inconsistan- cy, falsehood. Motion in speaking; either prudence, plainness or pride. Section 2. — Physiognomonical modifications. Physiognomcny considers as we have seen, the mov able parts in a state of rest, as regard to the change in the form, tissue, color, air, attitude, etc., they are called phenomena of expressions, or physi- ognomonical modifications, and these are : the age, the size, the breath, the perspiration, the dress, the writing, the style and the human works. We will speak of the age in the first §. and of the rest in the second. § 1. — The Age. — It modifies the body according t > its period. In infancy, the lymphatic and the nervous constitution predominate; all is innocence and play. In the second childhood, the lymphatic diminishes and the digestive apparatus is more active, with the mus- cular system. In puberty, the genital system is predominant, and there is a revolution in the mind and in the feel ng- ; all is pleasure and enjoyment, whether for good or for evil. In adolescency, the sanguine S3'stem predominates. In virility, the digestive apparatus is tne most prominent ; ail actions are done through ambition. Old age is shown by the languor of the functions a A by the susceptibility, dryness and weakness of the body. The age or duration of life may be ascertained by the degree of de- pression of the temporal bones and the projection of the cheek bones, (which are signs of a carnivorous or ferocious appetite, according to their development,) and in a skull, by the degree, besides, of the bending of the bianches of the lower jaw which form with the body of the bone an angle of 90°, in old age ; for, in childhood, the branches are scarcely indicated, and are almost parallel to the body of the bone. The following table shows the different periods of life (in the male,) physiologically considered, for the climate of France, and wi h the lym- phatic temperament. The periods run by seventh, because nature's DURATION OF LIFE. Gl Child- hood. Youth or adult changes have been observed to follow in its evolutions, that mystical number. flat infancy, 1st period, from 1 to 7 years; the last number indicates the climateric or critical epoch of change, or the first entire renewing < f the constituting parts of the body. 2nd infancy, 2nd period, during the 7th year to t e 14th year, or to the time of 2d dentition; puberty of some females, Puberty, 3d period, from 14 to 21, or to «he 2d climateric or critical epoch ; change of voice; beard; enlargement of th > breast. Adolescency, 4th period, from 21 to 2S; or to the maximum of the heigh th and width of the bones; apparition of the last grinders, or molar (wisdom) feet), and of the frontal sinus, last degree of extension and con istancy of the fibres. Increasing Virility, oth period, from 28 to 35, the temporal cavities begin to be formed. f bth period, from 35 to 42, the maximum cf the confirmed humai strength begins and lasts till 49 years. or J 1th period, from 42 to 49, or to he 3d climateric stationary J or critical epoch, or to the maximum of mid- virility, dl - life ; then, cessation of menses, sexual in- [ ability, age of return. ij 1 ^ f 8th period, 49 to 56, wearing oat of teeeth; the Middle or mature age. hair turning grey more and more ] ■>. 'no- ) ^ V er i°d> from 56 to 63, or to the 4th climat- ceci easing | ^ Q Q ^ g ranc ] critical epoch; great depres- U J ' [ sion of the temporal bones. 10th period, from 68 to "70, by the loss of teeth, the mouth is more retreating, the nose grows more aquiline, the chin is more projecting, and its distance from the nose is shorter of 1-6. (11th period, from 70 to 77, general dryness of tha body, great susceptibility, incapability of bearing much. 12th period, from 77 to 84, or to the 5th elimat- old age. I eric or critical epoch, general exhaustion, (^ last period cf real life. p , ., fl3^ period, from 84 to 91, a kind of vegeta- uaciucity j tiye life ^ the sens ibility is almost lost -, ., -, j 14th period, from 91 to 98, state of imbecility b ciecrepituae. ^ &nd infa . cy prece ding the end of life. If there were not so many circumstances influencing the course of our life, we could ascertain the period of it ; but those periods vary in duration in the various hinds of individuals, according to their constitution and accidental diseases and circumstances. Therefore we must modify the above table in the fo: lowing manner : The period of women is 10 years shoiter than that of men; puberty (3d period,) which is indicated by a change of voice, etc., arrives at 9 years in the hottest climates, at 15 in France, (as in the table,) and at IS in Den- mark, Russia, etc; the 3d climateric ejjoch comes at 35 in the torrid zone and gives 70 years of life ; at 49 in the temperate zone, (as iu the table ; and at 21~ia the glacial zone, and it gives 42 years of life. 62 MYSIOGNOMONY The lymphatic constitution is more vivacious and has 98 years of life, (as in the table); the sangunine has 90, the bilious has SO and the nervous has 70 years of life. Excesses in pleasures, diseases in their acuteness and duration, shorten life, producing either a paralysis or an irregularity or a greater degree of sensibility, in the nervous system, by which the vibrations become blunted, and the fluid is wasting away quicker. Those cases must be taken in account by the rule given above the table, upon the supposed age of the present appearance. if a person wishes to know the period of his life, he must attend to all those circumstances above mentioned, and then suppose he is over 25 and he recollects that his maximum of height was at that age, he says : As the maximum of height, marked 28 in the table, is to the last epoch or 98 marked in the table: so my maximum of height which was at 25 years, is to the number of yea s to live. Hence : 28 : 98 : : 25 : x. Then : - 9 -~~— = 87 years, 6 months ; and the first clirnateric epoch will be: fJ-~^; raB " 6 years, 3 months. Now suppose he changes into the nervous temperament after his 25 years, then add 70 years to 84 years 6 months, it will make 154 years 6 months, which you di- vide by the 2 circumstances, and it gives 77 years, 3 months. Recollect to allow 14 periods to every calculated or supposed duration of life. If a woman wishes to know the duration of her life, and she does not recollect any event of her life ; she is living in the torrid zone, and she is of a lymphatic temperament, which make 2 circumstances. She, then, calculates for every circumstance 10 years less than the man's duration, thus; 1st: torrid zone. 70 years less 10, equal 60. 2d: lymph- atic temperament 98 years, less 10, equal 88. 60+88=148; then 148 divided by the 2 circumstances give 74 years of life, and whether she has been sick or not, if she appears to be 20 years, and she is 25 ; then we have the last proportion : 20 : 74 : : 25 : x. Hence — *~~— =» 92 years and 6 months; also, if a woman recollects the year "of her puberty to be 10. Then as 10 represents 14 in the 3d period, we have this proportion: 14: 10:: 98: x. Hence 98 i ^ 1 ° =70 years, we suppose here all circumstances to be equal, sound health, and good climate. § 2 — The other modifications. The Size. A tall size ; proneness to pride and raising above others. — Short, a proneness to jealousy, simplicity, eye service; other cir- cumstances being equal. The Breath strong and violent ; great mind, — weak or short, small mind, symptoms ot asthma, (see page 24.) The Perspiration which is either sensible or insensible, has a good deal to do with our dispositions, being a chemico-animal distillation of the food that we take, as seen by the coloring of it; it is a repairer of tone or a lubricator against the wearing out or dryness of the fine terminations of nerves and a discharger of all bad humors. If the skin is too dry, the pores too much closed, there is not enough of insensible perspiration, it betokens bad humor, moroseness, melancholy, despon- dency, weakness. Perspiration, either insensible or promoted by exercise, as seen by the opened pores, has been reckoned to be the origin of pleasure, on account of tha harmony there is among CRANIOLOGY. 63 till the minutest parts that perform at once their functions without im- pediment, giving elasticity to our muscles, vivacity to our ner.ous system and liveliness and joy in our actions and words. The Dress. Each fashion, each color, each, cut of a coat has some- thing* particular which becomes better such an individual rather than another, such form of a i at, for instance, will describe wonderfully an individual in his true character rather than another to m. Cleanliness and neglect, plainness and magnificence, good anil bad taste, decency and shame, modesty and pride, regularity of habits and irregularity, are recognized by the kind of dress, the ma mer of dressing, the fixing of the hair, etc. The Writing. It shows the motions of the hands and fingers as the most delicate and the most varied of all the motions of the body. There is a national writing, a schoolmaster's writing, an original writing. The type of any of them may show either boldness, vacillation, order, clean- liness, force, delicacy, slowness, speediness. freedom, beauty, ugliness, disorder, symmetry, neglect, laziness, looseness, vanity of ornaments, pride, ostentation. The Style. Such as we are, such speech and such writing: and s yle we exhibit. Style dry and hard with a large perpendicular forehead : cut, interrupted, sententious, original, with a projecting frontal sinus. Style vivid, precise, agreeable and strong with a middle raised forehead regularly arched. Style flowing, light without depth, with a spacious, rounded forehead. The Human Works. Each work bears the workman's character; but it is only a musician who can better judge of the character of another by his music ; a painter, by his paintings, etc., each individ- ual is the best judge of his own profession or trade. PART III Craniology. Introduction, General Principles and Rules. Craniology is the science of Cranioscopy, and Cranioscopy is the interpretation of the faculties of man by the measurement of the cra- nium, which tells the amo mt of each disposition and capacity, as being thus innate ?nd fundamental, without any reference to the use or abuse which a person makes, or has made of them; that reference being made and determined only by the physiognomy of the indi vidual. Those faculties are hereafter classified, but for a better discussion of them, we will previously explain in the 1st place, the foundation of the faculties of the soul, and in the 2d place, we will establish the rules of their size and combinations. § 1. — The foundation of the faculties of the soul. The theory upon which the classification of the faculties of the Boul is founded, rests on this principle : That : as the existence or the 64 CRANIOLOGY. life of man i3 nothing else but the external and incessant manifes- tation of what takes place inwardly, therefore what takes place in- wardly must come from the needs implanted in the organization of man. Man is led by two guides, need and reason, the one solicits, expand sand pushes him, the other absorbs, enlightens him, tells him his duty and checks the expanding tendency of the sensibilities; there- fore, the most useful practical science, is that which teaches us to make our n eds constantly agree with our duties. Every organized being has needs, as we have seen in the 1st Chapter of physiognomony. Our organs have been made to fulfill some functions, and by the rules of electrical or chemical attraction or affinity with the congruous substan- ces, an electrical shock or a sensation announces it to man, as soon as they are in a state of diminished or negative electricity ; that sensation or sensibility is the interior voice or need of nature, as it happens for instance, to the stomach for hunger, or to the eye beginning to look at any object, or to the ear beginning to hear a sound, etc. The need of eating, the need of seeing better, the need of hearing better, etc., that is, the natural necessity of electrically absorbing and of expand- ing for the maintenance of the living being, calls the attentiou and causes a desire ; the desire is the attribute of the wjll, and the will always acts by those impulses, whether controlled or not by reason, because the will must expand, and, therefore bring on passions, if reason or the understanding, the help mate, has had no time to perceive, observe, reflect and decide. The soul then consists of a dualism of the understanding, or the absorbing faculty, and of the will, or the expanding faculty. £Tow the soul is not the understanding alone, nor the will alone, they are two countervailing powers; the understanding cannot exist with- out a will as a reactive power, and vice-versa. Their internal action with ideas is free; but the external action may not be always freo. The external objects move the sensibilities of the nerves (which some authors have improperly calle 1 a third faculty cf the soul,) and pro- duce electrical shocks or sensations in the brain, often before the understanding had time to perceive them thorougly, or to perceive them at all. Man must go onward, therefore actions are often elicited from the first impulses of the will without reason, or motives of action, or freedom, and in that case, those mechanical actions are not attributed to the responsibility of the soul, no more than those of brutes. But when that breath of life, the soul, is attentive and emploj'S its bodily organ- ization, so refined in adaptations for all uses of creation, then, that soul is elevated toward God, by its ideas of relief in God, of faith, hope and charity in God, and of fulure happiness and everlasting living in, God. Therefore we are in a constant need of God and of the creation. Our needs implanted in us by Providence are all good, but we must govern them, otherwise they will degenerate into passions, (See about passions, physiognomony, chapt. 3, art. 1.) Those needs, have been found by the experiments of Gall, Spurz- heim, etc., to be separately delineated in the convolutions of the brain, and to be ascertained on men and animals by the dimensions of the cranium,, and we call these needs, organs of the brain, or cerebral or craniological organs, in accordance with the two powers of the souL 65 FACULTIES OF THE SOUL. TTe have classified those needs or organs into two orders ; the needs of the heart, and the needs of the mind. The needs of the heart may be divided into individual needs, social needs, and moral needs. The individual needs are the propensities of the animal, and produce instincts of industry ; they relate to the instincts of life, and of its transmission; they include the needs of caloric, mot'.on, respiration, alimentation, etc ; pleasure or pain warns us, whether the satisfaction of any of them is right o L " not. The social needs relate to men's feel- ings with each other, they are needs of sj^mpathy for mutual help. The moral needs are the union of the individual and social needs, for the regulating of our actions toward the general good Those three classes have reference to the dispositions of the heart or of the will; they com- pose the first part of the craniological organs, called affective faculties, which act and give out either spontaneously, or with the aid of the mind. The second part of the craniological organs, are the needs of the mind, called intellectual faculties, they receive the electrical sen- sations of external bodies into their primitive ond innate spiritual sub- stance or power, and fIiow forth a judgment and arenaxion togeher which belong only to the soul of man, and are not found in the brute. The animals receive in a dagaerreotyped process, as it were, images of practical mechanism, in the limited organs and uses of life belong ng to each animal. Hence there are three objects of needs, the true, the good and the beautiful- The need of knowing truth, or the love of truth ; the need of sympathizing or making an object good to us, or the love of good ; and the need, of harmonizing truth and good, or the love of the beautiful. The true is, that which is, any fact or existence ; the good is the true passing to the act; no action is good before our eyes, unless it expresses for the understanding a true relation which creates for the will a moral obligation ; and the beautiful is the eclat or harmony of the true and of the good ; those three last needs create three ki;ids of passions, or motives of actions, and therefore three kinds of duties, which our interest or conscience dictate to us, naturally, although we may be mistaken for want of education, in the choice: thence opinions, tastes and passions arise. Xow, truth is either physical or spiritual ; A physical truth is the existence of material objects ; all objects have a harmonious aggre- gate of components and attributes. A spiritual truth is the idea of any object or of any judgment, coinciding with a physical fact, which is the origin of that idea or of that judgment. Here the rule of Locke proves good; nihil est in intcllectu quod non prius fuerit in sensu, which we quoted in the first pages, that is; there is nothing in the understanding that has not previously existed in the senses; but it does not go further. The soul learns the existence and relations of material objects through the body; but the faculty of reasoning on those relations, and on all ideas that pertain not to physical objects, but to God, to happiness, etc. proves the existence of that soul, or that spiritual power, whose thought cannot be divided by halves and quarters, which. emenates from God, and which had to make its edu- cation through a body, according to the wise dispensation of God. Then a soul existing without its body, is supposed, by anteriority of reason, to retain its faculties, the understanding and the will; for it did not get them from its body. God, the soul of the universe, gave 6G CRAMOLCGY. a soul to man, and God the body of the universe, or nature gave the body. When they separate at death, each one has to return, the soul undecomposed with its '^disturbed facultes, to God, " and the body decomposed, to the earth, its origin- God is the food or occupation of our spiritual faculties after death, so that they amend and improve themselves more and more, whereas, the need of getting food, raiment, habitation, knowledge, is the occupation of the soul and body, upon earth. If there were no needs in the body to provide for, and if we had not a greater advantage in the society of our fellow-men, for that providing, we would have no struggle with our fellow-men, but we cannot avoid those needs, for the perfection and destination of our being, because our happiness was traced through our organs to depend upon. occupying ourselves with getting them. Now, the body is to resist the material elements only for a time, till its disorganization arrives. Just as the piano which is worn out by use and time, the soul which was the player, leaves it whether young or old ; ' not to absorb nor enter into other bodies according to the metempsychosis of the an- cients, but to go back to its Creator with whom it employs its facul- ties. Then it communicates with other spirits by the only will of doing it, and it acts according to its desires, and love, which it makes consonant with the love, the poweV and the will of God. So great has been the belief in the supreme being, in the soul, and in a future life, that all antiquity, all paganism, and all Indian tribes have unan- imously acknowledged it, adhered to it, and practised a worship in honor of the Supreme Creator. (See page 15,) for the proofs of the existence of the departed soul. § 2. — Rules for the size and combinations of the cerebral organs. Having established the foundation of the faculties of the soul by the prefixed principles, we will explain the rules for the interpretation of the faculties of the souL The amount of the faculties are express- ed by the cerebral organs according to their size, and we ascertain the size of those organs from a central part of the head called medulla oblongata, with a craniometer. That instrument is a half circle with a moveable hand as a radius, to measure the height of the organs, whilst their length and breadth can be measured with any ruled stick, line ©r graduated scale ; this measurement tells the quantity of the brain or the amount of each of the cerebral organs, and how far they can extend, when cultivated ; but it cannot ascertain, except with probability, whether or.not, and how far they have been cultivated, without the cor- roboration of Physiognomony. See 1st part Chapt. 3d page 17. Those faculties are innate and primitive as we have proved it be- fore, and we can prove here that they are distinct from each other, by the following facts ; We see a faculty exist in one kind of animal and not in another, A faculty varies in the two sexes of the same species, [t is not proportionate to the other faculties of the same individuals. It does not manifest itself simultaneously with the other faculties: that is, it appears and disappears earlier or later in life than other faculties. It may act or rest singly. It is propagated in a distinct manner from parents to children ; it may singly preserve its proper state of health or disease. At last, the case of dreams, the disease of mono mania, and the phenomena of electro-biology, and plireno-mag- SIZE, ABUSE AND COMBINATION OF ORGANS. 67 netism, prove that they can exist and be stimulated separateley from each other; The smallness of an organ or faculty is a defect; the bigness a good quality, (all cceteris paribus,) and the abuse, a "vice. The abuse of an organ does not appear by its absolute size, otherwise, Providence would have created us with innate vices, which it would be almost impossible to eradicate, as the organ would not decrease in size, but in nervous supply, and only after the individual has been able, for a very long time, to deprive that organ either from acting, or from being stimulated, by cultivating other organs in ]ieu of it; but experience teaches us that all the organs large or small can be abused more or less. That abuse, although it may be greater in proportion to the size of the organs, takes place: 1st, by the overstimulating action of external agents such as the inhalation of oxgen gas, animal and mine- ral magnetism, the contact of sensual objects etc. 2ndly, by the undue continuity of action of that organ which failed to be counteracted or modified either by other external agents, or by conscience or the reflective faculties. 3dly, by the controlling power of a larger or- gan or by the habit of that abuse, which impresses upon the nerves of that organ its stamp or its series of molecular vibrations, etc. Then, the abuse repeated will impress upon the physiognomy of the person some indices, showing a deviation of the features from the in- dividual type or primitive form. The exercise upon an organ is analogous to the exercise upon the body. A proper exercise neither too much nor too little, increases the size of any exercised part of the bod}?- to its prototypic perfection; but too much or too little exercise will bring decrease or decay or even swelling, according to the constitution, or the degree of sensibility Now, as too much exercise is abuse, it follows that the abuse will more often hurt the activity of the blood, or of the bile, or of the other hu- mors, and w r ear out the sensibility of the nerves, which have received for that abuse a certain vibratory determination. The constitutional frame of a man being made up according to the form of the parent, and the imagination of the mother at the time, the type of that man is already given and started, and nature pursues its plan of increase ac- cording to that type ; so that children inherit the moral and physical qualities of their parents ; but that plan of nature is modified by sev- eral circumstances. They are among others. 1st, the absence from parental home and thereby the contracting of 'other habits. 2ndly, the education which perfects or perverts the plan of nature, increases the organs by a proper mental and bodily exercise, or diminishes them by no exercise or too much exercise. 3dly, the diet, which either invigo- rates and increases the bodv, or weakens and diminishes it, according to its being either wmolesome or nutritious, or scanty, too m:ich or too little. 4thly, the diseases which impoverish the body and therefore the organs, and prepare man to death. The organs generally act in solidarity with each other, that is, one single organ is not cultivated alone, unle s the others are palsied, as in monomania, or in electro-biology and phreno -magnetism, but its closeness excites the surrounding ones, and the domineering disposiioa controls them all and calls them in or out more or less. The combination of organs follow these rules : the largest organs CRANIOLCXJY. 68 want to be satisfied before the rest, unless some excernal circumstan- ces are opposed to it. Hence, the largest; organ of one group con- trols the surrounding organs more easily. A larger organ can control a smaller organ in two ways, either by using or abusing its object, or by neglecting it or putting it down. A larger organ uses any organ above ihe moderate size and generally neglects the organs below the mo.ier.tte size; a larger organ is always a cause or a motive of action for the lesser. An organ may control one, and at the same time, be controlled by an o her. Now, 1. Suppose vitativeness larger than ali- mentiveness ; then vitativeness or the the instinct of man to preserve one self, is a motive of action and will control, that is : according to circumstances, employ or neglect (alimentiveness or its object) food to obtain its first object life; alimentiveness or food is used only for the sake of vitativeness, or life : a man eats and drinks only to live. 2. Suppose the contrary way, alimentiveness larger than vitativeness, then lite is only preserved for the sake of food ; a man lives only to eat and drink. 3. Suppose both organs equally large, both objects wanting to be satisfied at once, then a man has a desire for both objects, wants to live as well as to eat and drink, as it ought to be, provided he does not make any abuse. 4; Suppose acquisitiveness larger, vitativeness less large, and alimentiveness still less ; then the desire of man to acquire something will make him employ his life first, and then his food, or he will neglect his food rather than his life, in order to procure property, the object of that larger organ. 5. Suppose acquisitiveness the largest, adhesiveness next in size, approbativeness next ; then, one like to acquire property, and employ or neglect his friends and his requtation for that object ; and as friends and reputa- tion are also property : then he likes to procure friends and reputa- tion not for the sake of friends and of reputation, but for the sake of using them as a property or a speculative business. 6. Suppose ad- hesiveness larger than acquisitiveness and approbativeness; then one likes to adhere to a person as to a friend, for the sake of friendship, he will acquire property first, then reputation next ; or, to yield to his friends, if acquisitiveness, and approbativeness, are moderate or below modei ate. 7. Suppose destructiveness larger, acquisitiveness less large, alimentiveness less yet, and vitativeness the least large ; then we read : a man for the desire to destroy or sacrifice something will employ his property first, to accomplish some sacrifice, then his fcod, then his lite, if it is- not enough, or he will neglect rather his life first and his food next, rather than his property, to accomplish some sacrifice; of course, in any way he will sacrifice those objects. 8. Suppose benevolence larger, than the preceding organs ; then the disposition of a man to do good will make him employ his sacrificing propensity to accomplish good, then Lis property, then his food, then his iife ; or he will neglect or forget, first his life (vitativeness which is the smallest organ,) then his food, then his property, then his sac- rificing disposition, which is the nearest to his benevolence; that is, he will eooner make a sacrifice in order to do good. 9 Suppose self-esteem larger than all the preceding organs: then it will be through self- esteem as a motive of action that he will be benevolent etc., and if that organ is the largest of all and the physiognomical signs are con- firming, it will be through pride the abuse of self esteem that he will act LIBERTY, MEMORY. 69 Our actions are a very complicated result of all the causes which net upon us either internally or externally, and which can influence our will : the will determines itself by all those causes examined and weighed by the understanding. In that our liberty consists. In the animals, in which the number of organs is very much restricted, liberty is a mere spontaneity, determined by the irritation of such or such an organ. Man, on the contrary, in whom the plurality of organs has reached its maximum and makes a plurality of motives, becomes susceptible of a greater number of sensations and ideas, finds in him- self more organs which enlighten him, or more motives for avoiding to follow blindly such and such desire, such and such propensity. Wo must know that the action of an organ can destroy neither the stimulation it has received from another nor the next action, which is the necessary consequence of it, but it can stimulate other organs at the same time, in that case, equiponderances are estab- lished and there follows a sort of contest which excites the awaken faculties, and solic.ts reason as a judge. Reason decides according to the majority of motives or of organs, and sometimes the strongest passion is the master. But the will acts through those motives and can prove that it is free to act. So much for our free will. The number of faculties is given in this part in a determinate quan- tity, but it is certain by analogy and by P^reno-magnetism that there are intermediate organs, whic.i act as^modiiiers between one faculty and another. Memory or recollection, is the awakening of the nervous impressions left on any cerebral organ, either by the external agents which produce a sensation, perceived by the attention of the understanding, by which the sensibility of an organ is awakened, or by the internal action of the cerebral organs, stimulating each other by affinity. The reaction of these sensibilities into external action is the expresssion of the will enlightened by the understanding When the will is not enlightened by the attention of the unders' anding, the reaction is mechanical and not free, as it happens in delirium, where man shows a wonderful memory; let us bear in mind that the nervous impressions of ideas, sceneries, images, words, are dagmerreotyped in all the cerebral organs, and want only the attention of the understanding, when the will wants to elicit a responsible act. Memory of course supposes be- lief and knowledge in man; but in animals, the daguerreotyping is limited to their few physical wants and does not extend to any idea necessary to them beyoni that point. We use the word heart which means love; because the feelings, which it elicits, afreet every being man comes in contact with : there is an action ; whereas the mind is passive and re[ resents theknoAvledge of the understanding; it receives or perceives the sensations of the brain. Hence there are two things necessary to a hi/ma-i being, to know and to love; and therefore two orders of facul- ties, the affective or those of the heart, and the intellectual or those of the understanding. ORDER I. Affective Faculties, or Faculties of the Heart, Will. The actions in the infancy of men, are always spontaneous, and as he grows, his understanding grows also to regulate them; so the in- 70 CRANIOLOGY. ltiative is always with the sentiment, it must start whether the understanding is ready or not, to give its light. GENUS L Wants of the individual, or animal instincts. Faculties of Industry (on the temporal region), common to man and animals. They stimulate and impart efficacy to the other facul- ties. ~From No. 1 to No. 7, they are organs of preservation especially, and the rest are organs of prudence. Section 1. Individual or selfish instincts, having a tendency to the satisfaction of the body with regard to external objects. f Organ of the Vital Force. Located in the superior part of the spinal marrow ; it takes its greater energy as the oval occipital hole is broader, which is discovered also by a thick round neck % Organ of tue Physical Sensibility. Located above the or gan of the vital force ; it gives fluttering and instantaneous motion? which degenerate into susceptibility and irascibility; it gives the degree of temperaments, 1. Vitativeness or BioPHiLY. Sens 3 of physical or organic Life,* instinct of self-preservation, or to Preserve One's Self. Very small. — Cares nothing about life or death, existence or annihilation ; insensi- bility to sufferings and death, f Rather small. — More affected by the consequences of death than by love of life. Moderate. — Love of life, yet not a great anxiety about living. Fair, common, passable or rather full. — Attachment to life and fear of death, yet not a great deal- Full. — Desire and care for life but not eagerly, from love of it and pleasures. Rather large. — Tenacity for life, great care for health and life. Large. — Dread of death, all is used to obtain the greatest security of life. Very large. — Shuddering at the thought of death and of the privation of the world, nursing and medicines are eagerly taken. Abused perverted or overstimulated by internal or external agents. Dislike to expo :c one's self in the least circumstances, cowardice, pol- troonery, inordinate use of medicines. Physiognomized. — Round and thick neck. Pathognomized or mimicked. — One often and suddenly witdraws from the least object the/end of which he knows not. 2. Alimentiveness or Gustativenes?. Instinct of nutrition of hun- ger and thirst of food, of appetite, of physical obligation ; sense of tastes, odours and flavours ; desire to eat and drink. Very small. — Ignor- ance or indifferance about getting one's victuals Small. — One does not care much whether and what he eats and drinks. Rather small.— One is particular and delicate, eats for living or other motives. Moderate. — One is temperate and sober from the constitution of his stoma h. Fair. — Observes the quantity and quality of aliments yet with relish. Full. — Has a governable appetite though he enjoys. Rather large. — Is choicy and fond of the tastes and flavors of things. Large. — Hearty relish for food and drink. Very large. — Very keen appetite, eats and drinks plenty without any choice. Abused.— Lux_ * In order to succeed in reading the c mbinations of organs, taught in page 68, we have put in capital let ters both the verb and the object of each organ ; the subject of each verb being always man, or man's instinct, desire or faculty. f Small. — Indifference, unwillingness, coldness towards living. FACULTIES OF INDUSTRY. 71 orious refinement, love of good cheer, one lives only to sat and drink, epcurism, cluttony, drunkenness. Physiognomized. — Elg and fat face or under jaw, fleshy and double chin, large mouth and Upa. Pathog- nomized. — Expressions and actions of givediness. Combined. — With conscience or the reflective organs larger, temperance and sobriety by conscience or reason. K. B. Between Alimentiv. and Vitativ. there is an irWmediate organ which we may call Aquativeness or instinct for water euch as in washing, drinking, swimming, 3. Acquisitiveness Instinct of physical or intellectual property; notion of mine and thine; propensity to acquire wealth, knowledge, to make money, business. Very small. — Ignorance of the value and use of things, laziness. Small. — Aptness to give away property and to be idle. Rather Small. — Disregard for the price of things and for a sufficient knowledge. Moderate. — Thinks more of supplying his wants than of heaping up. Fair. — Can acquire property or know- ledge, and spend. Full.— Is indu-trious about acquiring money or knowledge. Mather large. — Good economy and saving, one minds his bnsinesa Large. — Good management of property, closeness and exactness in dealings. Very large. — Will make his business to acquire and keep money or knowledge with all solicitude. Abused. — Un- ceasing notions of aggrandizement, covetousness, stinginess, ambition, avarice, plagiarism, cheat, gambling, usury, theft. Physiognomized. — contraction of the lips, and of the features in general, as if trying to go back to the centre of the head. Pathognomized. — Head a little advancing, hands opening quickly to receive and slow to give, a lono-. ing and sad air, expansion of the ey$s. 4. Destructivexess. Instinct of physical or moral destruction oi sacrifice, severity and energy of character, propensity to destroy or to wear out, or to sacrifice what is hurtful. Very small. — Inability to inflict or witness a pain. Small. — One is effeminate, puerile and weak. Rather small. — One spares what should be destroyed or pun- ished. Moderate. — Has some severity at the beginning; but lacka force to go on. Fair. — Can put down common obstacles that do not ai ford great resistance. Fall. — Has a sufficient severity; but it re- qiires to be roused. Rather large. — One is able to exterminate great nuisances, hurtful obstacles and opponents. Large. — One is ready to censure and punish the guilty, and to make sacrifice, one may like hunting or shooting. Very large. — One is habitually severe, ener- getic and strong in destroying what is hurtful. Abused. — Auster- ity, moroseness, wasting away, squandering, mischief, anger, sharp- ness, raillery, revenge, cruelty, cursing, blackguardism, love of exe- cutions, of wars, conflagrations ; murder. Physiognomized. — Face with projecting angles, contracted eyebrows, piercing and spyin^ eyes, broad head, the lower jaw projecting, or the teeth showing them- selves like those of a wolf. Pathognomized. — Distorted countenance when in a passion, a hoarse voice, abrupt motions. Combined. — With hope smaller and cautiousness larger and abused ; suicide. 5. Combativeness. Instinct of self defence and resistance, of protecting anything for ourselves such as rights and property ; phy- sical courage, efficacy of character. Very small. — One is passive, in- efficient, chicken-hearted. Small. — One is a coward, inclined to yield 72 CRANIOLOGY. or to surrender. Rather small, — Is not able to accomplish much and, at the least talk of danger, one is easily overcome. Moderate. — will defend himself to a certain extent, but will sometimes shrink a little, or rather wants people to let him alone. Fair. — Is able to take his rights and contend, but will avoid collision. Full. — Is ready to meet opposition and to endure sometimes. Rather large. — Has courage in clanger, battles, and endures hardships. Large. — One has love and vigor iu fencing and fighting, or in debating, writing and pleading. Very large. — is brave, spirited, magnanimous and likes to court the greatest oppositions Abused. — Quarrelsomenes, spirit of opp sit ion and contention, aptness to enkindle strifes, to get into a passion, to fight, to challenge by duels. Physio gnomized. — a resolute air, closed lips and fists, firm posture, threatening quick eyes. Pathognomized. — A harsh voice, head drawn backwards, and mena- cingly, petulant and impatient countenance. 6. Secretiveness. Sense of secrecy, propensity to secrete and keep thoughts, feelings, plans to one's self, aptness to keep (a secret) or any thing secret. Very small. — One is very uureserved,rndiscreet and blunt. Small. — Is plain, opeu hearted in his manners and speech, and easily taken in. Rather small. — Is generally unable to keep his feelings and thoughts a long time. Moderate. — Is able to keep some things secret whilst he divulges others. Fair — Does not like to be detected in his views, and can to a certain extent, avoid exposing himself. Full. — Is able to keep his thoughts, his plans, or his prop- erty secret with very few exceptions, except if he is roused to the contrary. Rather large.— -Knows how to conceal and keep secrets generally. Large. — Tact, reservedness, discretion, propriety, savoir- faire. Very large. — Great mental control on thoughts and action, temperance, sobriety in words, christian modesty. Abused. — Dissim ulation, slyness, cunning, cavils, falsehood, hypocrisy, deceit, disposi- tion to plead the guilty in order to know the truth- Physiognomized. — Pointed chin, small and acutely cut eyes, tacturnity, archness of looks, contraction of all the features. Pathognomized. — continued change of looks, without turning the head, gliding motions. 7. Constructivexess. Instinct of construction, sense of physical perfection, of arts and industry, of architecture ; aptness to construct, ' to perform, mechanical ingenuity. Very small. — Inability to perform any work, laziness in working. Small. — Dislike for undertaking, unskilf ulness. Rather small. — Is not capable of construction, but does not dislike it ; still is a little lazy. Moderate. — Has some relish for using tools and practising, but not dexterously. Fair. — Has a little capacity for constructing and composing. Full. — Can to a certain extent show a sufficient skilfulness. Rather large. — General ability in the use of tools, pens, instruments, pencils, knives, needles, etc. Large. — Practical knowledge, dexterity skilfulness in building. Very large. — Very expert at composing in any mechanical or fine arts. Abused. — Imprudent expenditure of time and money in useless construc- tions, or inventions, one likes to cut and carve any object, Ike a piece of stick, or stone Physiognomized. — The face full of bones and cartilages, wide lower forehead, prominence of the cheek bones. Paikogn -sTuzed. — Hurried n ess of manners, readiness and ingenuity of the looks, apt and Cagf waiving of the hands, and fingers. FACULTIES OF INDUSTRY. 73 8. Cautiousness. Insiinct of prudence, deliberation, foresight, apprehension of dangers, steadiness of character, aptness to deliberate, or to he solicitous about something. Very small, — Great inattention, thoughtlessness, blindness. Small. — Carelessness, rashness, impru- dence, levity, precipitate conduct. Rather small. — One disregards ultimate consequences, is not afraid of risking. Moderate* — Is dis- posed to pay some attention before he acts, but soon fails. Fair. — Has some t aution in his actions and words, Full. — One is capable of prudence and forethought in order to ensure success. Rather large. — tlas a general foresight, carefulness. Large. — Due hesitation and pro- crastination in business. Very large. — One is very solicitous about consequences, doubts methodically. Abused. — Anxiety, suspicion, fear, timidity, irresolution, low spiritedness, melancholy, dread of sick- ness, use of bul's and ifs. Rhysiognoniized.—Aji air of solicitude, aud undivided attention, careworn features. Pathognomized. — Restless and inquisitive eyes, slowness in speaking and writing, diffident and kind manners. * Watchfulness. Instinct of vigilance, circumspection, active cautiousness, aptness to watch something. Very small. — Great dull- ness for moving and acting. Small. — Indifference, one does not care about what may happen. Rather Small. — Laziness about beginning to watch oue's actions. Moderate. — Aptness to watch one's actions, but not perseveringly. Fair. — One is able to be on the look out for others also. Full. — One is well disposed to circumspection, and can show some vigilance. Rather large. — One is ready, active, watchful, examining, on the alert. Large. — One has a guard over his actions and those of others. Very large. — One is very circumspect and pro- tecting about one's own and others' actions, gestures, talk, etc. Abused. — One is too particular towards others, always watching them without any right or reason, neglects his time in watching upon tri- flings. Physiognomized. — A meagre face, prominence of the cheek bones. Pathognomized. — The eyes quick, always open and moving anxiously about, the head ready to turn around. N. B. AmativenesSy No. 9 may be added here as a physical enjoy- ment of the individual with regard to any external objects, or in other words as the stimulus of the desires of the flesh. Section. 2. Individual sentiments or selfish propensities, having rela- tion to the satisfaction of the soul with regard to external objects.— They are Cautiousness No. 8. Con cent rativeness No. 11, Self-Esteem No. 13, Approbativeness No 14, Firmness No. 16. They often form a prominent feature on the superior occipital region of the head, they unite a little of industry, of sociability and of morality. Those or- gans small, mean a person devoid of character, resolution and pru- dence ; — large, one has an inflexibility of character and goes to his end with prudence and measured steps. GENUS II. Sympathetic Feelings. Wants of the Species, or Instincts of the Individual with relation to its Species. Section 1. INSTINCTS OF SOCIABILITY. Situated in the occipital region and common to men and animals. 74 CRA1NM0L0GY. 1st. animal propensities. 9. Amativeness. Sense of physical, sensual or carnal love, of the sexual union (situated in the basilar region,); instinct of loving through the concupiscence of the flesh, generative energy. Very small. — Passive continency, dislike for pleasures. Small. — Indiffer- ence, if not unkindness to the other sex and to pleasures. Rather Small. — Repugnance for the natural love of others. Moderate. — Pays some attention and regard to the other sex. Fair. — Is fond of the other sex, and likes their society. Full. — Enjoys himself well with talking and chattering with the sex. Rather large. — Tenderness and love for the sex, conjugal love. Large. — Disposition to marriage and to its physical enjoyments. Very large — Readiness to enjoy con- jugal pleasures at every occurrence, delight in them. Abused. — - Misplaced or hopeless love of the creature, looseness, licentiousness, obscene looks and gestures, immorality, criminal lewdness, profligacy; wilful erections or seminal loss, or thoughts or wilful actions causing them : solitary vice, fornication, sodomy, bestiality. Physiognomized. — Lively countenance, sparkling eyes, thick and short neck, lip3 gently dissevered, broad and square chin, broad lower jaw. Path- ogaomized. — Head and body drawn backwards, in moving ; the eyes searching in a lascivious manner. 10. Philoprogenitivene-s. Sense of the love of offspring, de- sire to procreate children, paternal and maternal love, fondness of children in general. Very small. — Total dislike for children. Small. — One cannot bear children, and will abandon his progeny. Rather Small. — Indifference for the care and prattle of children. Moderate. —One takes some care of his children only, provided they are not saucy. Fair. — One will love his children whilst he does not care for those of others. Full. — One is tender though not indulgent, wil* nurse willingly. Rather large. — Parental affection, one likes to have a family. Large. — Pleasure in procreating, beholding, caressing and petting children. Very large. — One takes a great care to procreate children, and shows his love and attentions at every occurrence. Abused. Excessive indulgence, pampering and spoiling of children, unjust and inordinate solicitude about them, pederasty. Physiognom- ized. — A. prepossessing and engaging countenance, which attracts ths instinctive regards of children, prominence of the back part of the head, two small dimples at the lower part of the under lip, near the mi J die line. Pathognomized. — A pleasing tone of voice, a disposition to incline the head downwards, in a protecting manner. 2DLT. SEMI-ANIMAL INSTINCTS, FOR TnS SOCIAL WELFARE OF MAN, ETO. 11. — A. Concentrativeness. — Instinct of concentration, the centre point of inhabitiveness, love of solitude, disposition to concentrate some- thing, continuity and application of the faculties in one point. Very small. — Quickness and frivolity. Small. — One passes from one sub- ject to another without digesting it. Rather small. — One faih to con- nect and carry out his ideas. Moderate. — Can think and feel intensely, yet not long. Fair. — Is neither disconnected nor prolix, and can change his subject. Full. — One can attend to one thing at once, but not in every occasion. Rather large. — Disposition to abstract reflec- . tions and to retaining. Large. — Steadiness and continuity of internal action ; attention. Very large, — Intense application and power for INSTINCTS OF SOCIABILITY. 75 retaining ideas and feelings, and for studying; ecstacy, magnetic feel ings. Abused. — Remains too long on the same subject, resentment, confusion of ideas and feelings, abstractions of the soul, eccentricity, retaining of mania, of odd habits, separation from society; concentrated passions, solitary vices, insanity. Pfiysiog7iomized.—-'Eyea sunken, intentness of aspect, thoughtful, meditating and ruminating coun- tenance, the lip coming down to a point in the centre Pathognom- ized. — Slow moving eyes, tfoj head tent forward or the body stooping to meditate or study. 11. — B. Iniiabitivenes :•--(/. r^me we give to two organs.) In- stinct of physical height, (fov the spot between concentrativeness and self-esteem) ; and instinct of home, (for the spot between concentrative., and philoprogenit.,); they are like two intermediate organs to con- centrativeness, as the physical height relates a good deal to self esteem, we can interpret it accordingly ; but the love of making a home will be here our principal subject. Very small. — Dislike of home, of con- vent, or of physical height. Small. — Indifference about, choosing a home, love of change. Rather small. — One is at home every where, likes to move and rove. Moderate. — One stays at home sometimes, but will change for another home. Fair. — Has some attachment for his home, or for goin^ on high places. Full. — Is fond of home yet can leave it willingly. Rather large. — Attachment to family and domestic- ity, to high places, hills, or to his patrle (native country). Large. — Patriotism, one grieves at quitting his country, his family, or his domestic habits. Very large. — One loves dearly home, family and country, and is ready to sacrifice all for them. Abused. — Home sickness, melancholy, one prefers staying at home to the performing of his duties, nostalgia. Physiognomized. — a certain gait, a head high on the superior posterior part. Pathognomized. — Activity and agility in the countenance to reach home, or to go upon high spots, certain ges- tures familiar to the act of reaching home, domestic habits. 12. Adhesiveness. Instinct of sympathy, attachment, affection, friendship, inclination to adhere to any person or object, or to make friends. Very small — One is cold hearted, wild, selfish, unsociable. Small. — One is a stranger to friendly feelings, careless, not comunica tive. Rather small. — One likes few and is liked by few, has a little indifference. Moderate. — One likes friends, and still will often quit them. Fair. — One shows feelings to Mends and society without much expense or risk. Fall. — One is warm hearted and sociable to a cer- tain extent. Rather large. — Fidelity, zeal, sincerity towards friends and society. Large. — One has a genuine affection, tenderness and condescension for friends. Very large. — Is very fond of society, will sacrifice greatly for it. Abused — Mania, indiscriminate and ridiculous attachment, regret for the loss of worthless persons, animals, objects; one is blindly opinionated. Physiognomized, — Open and ingenuous countenance, the muscles of the mouth make slightly converging wrinkles. Pathognomized. — cordial and confiding manners, head gently inclining sidewa}'S and backwards, smiling mouth and eyes. ] 3. Self-ness, or, Self-Esteem. Sense of self, of character, of moral internal propriety, personal value, power, liberty and interior life. S-ilf love, self-respect, self-satisfaction. Instinct of referring some- thing to one's self. Very small. — Self-degradation, lowness and mean* 76 CRANIOLOGY. ness of manners. Small.— One is self-diffident, servile, low-minded ; no respect for one's self. Bather small. — One associates with inferiors, lets himself down ; no decorum- Moderate. — Tries to show some man- ly feelings but does and says trifling things. Fair. — Has some sense of character, some self-respect. Fall. — Has a good sense of one's self, and cares for one's conduct. Rather large — Is independent, willing- ly takes responsibilities. Large. — Ton, decorum, gravity, seriousness, love of liberty, of independence. Very large. — Nobleness and dignity of manners, command in one's octions and words. Abused. — Pride, self-sufficiency, boldness, presumption, self conceit, arrogance, con- tempt, insolence, egotism, jealousy, love of power, of domination, frequent use of the emphatic I. Physiognomizr.d. — Uplifted straight head, eyelids a little compressed, nerves and muscles expanded, aquiline nose, stiffness, especially in the upper lip. Pathognomizcd,— A proud, straight walking or sideway moving of the head, gesticula- tions of disdain, eyes looking down upon people. 14. Approbativeness. {Sense of moral external character and public life. Love of approbation, of reputation, distinction, honor and glory, desire to be]appro ved for something. Very small. — Roughness of man- ners, incivility, egotism. Small. — No regard for the good or ill will of others, shamelessness. Rather small. — One cares little for fashion, etiquette, public favor. Moderate. — Is disposed to show some inten- tion to please, yet is not effected by the success of it. Fair. — Likes approbation, but will not sacrifice much for it. Full. — Desires and seeks popularity, and feels censure, Rather large. — One is courteous, affable and lifes to deserve esteem. Large. — Emulation, delicacy of feelings, tries to deserve popular praise and applause. Very large. — Is very condescending, attentive and polite, acts for honor and glory. Abused. — Vanity, vain glory, ambition of distinctions and titles, love of dress, of show, and ceremonies, jealousy, envy, the point of honor, dandyism, sycophancy, too much use of the looking glass ; undue courting, temptation to do wrong in order to please. Physiog- nomlzed. — A certain delineation of the mouth by which the upper lip is lifted and exposes the teeth- Pathognomized. — Graceful swinging of the head on either side, much compliment, spying what others say of us, or whether they admire us, always fixing one's hair, playing the graceful. Section 2. SENTIMENTS OF MORALITY.— Or regulating feelings of the heart, (sincipital or coronal region). 15. Conscientiousness. Sense of moral obligations, of truth, of virtue, of justice, and equity, of right and wrong, conscience, desire to make something right. Very small. — One is an enemy to, and despises, virtue, moral principles. Small. — Is regardless of truth and justice, Rather Small. — Consults expediency rather than duty. JI/oderafe.Temporizes with principles, feels he must do right. Fair. — ■ Tries to resist besetting temptations, sometimes conquers, and some- times is conquered. Full. — Disposition to obey the dictates of con- science, and, if failing, feels remorse. Rather large. — Frankness, can- dor, probitv, gratefulness, faithfulness. Large. — Is innocent, upright, honest, obedient, reconciling, penitent. Very large. — Has a true sense of merit, of fault, of repentance and of penance, and practises strict justice towards his neighbor. Abused Extreme scrupulosity, severity SENTIMENTS OF MORALITY. 77 of judgment, unnecessary remorses, agonizing apprehension at the least faults. Physiognomized. — Sedateness of aspect, mild archness of looks, folds and wrinkles around the eyes, perpendicular wrinkles between the eyes. Pathognomized — Hands rising and falling slowly, calm and deliberate motions, a peculiar mild archness of the looks and earnestness of tone, openness of countenance 16. Firmness. Sense of determination in purpose, decision of character, energy in behaviour, perseverance, fortitude, sense of de- ciding about something. Very small. — One is very fickle, incon- stant, yielding, Small. — One is weak, irresolute, and a prey to cir- cumstances. Rather small. — One is too vacillating to effect much or to be relied upon. Moderate. — Makes up his mind about persevering, but soon gives over. Fair. — Shows some steadiness and patience ; but it is of short duration. Full. — Perseveres enough in ordinary occa- sions, but fails in greater ones. Rather large. — Has steadiness and constancy enough to be relied upon. Large. — Fortitude in enter- prizes and dangers, constancy, steadiness, energy. Very large. — Gr^at patience, stability and magnanimity, greatness of soul. Abused. — Wilfulness, disobedience, obstina cy, inflexibility, unyieldingness, stubbornness, unwillingness to change an opinion though false. Phy- siognomized. — Face with projecting angles, long features; lower jaw projecting forward or downward, big square head. Pathognomized. — Imperative dictation, voice distinct and emphatic, calmness in sudden emergencies. 17, Caritativeness or benevolence. Sense of mental or moral love, of the good ; charity of the neighbor, feelings in actions, goodness, inclination to do good. Very small — One is very rough, hard heart- ed and insensible. Small. — Is liberal and disregards the sufferings of others. Rather small. — Is selfish and feels little sympathy for dis- tress. Moderate. — Will speak of generosity and will seldom act accordingly. Fair. — Has a desire for the happiness of others with- out doirg much for it. Full. — Has feelings for others and will do Bomething towards their good, Rather large. — Willingness to sac- rifice something for the benefit of others. Large. — One is meek, good hearted, hospitable, liberal, kind, compassionate. Very large. — Is very generous, merciful, ready to alleviate the helpless. Abused. — Is too simple hearted, easily influenced, lead to help the undeserving, and is prodigal, profuse in money, gifts etc. Physiognomized. — Arched features, hanging down of the lower lip, high straight forehead, short horizontal wrinkles in the centre of the forehead. Pathognomized. — Voice soothing and harmonious, cheerful and con- ciliating manners, ingenuous smiles. Combined. — Large with wit large, suavitiveness, pleasantness. IS. Venerativeness. Sense of religion (practical or speculative), theosophy, inclination to venerate somebody, or something, or to worship religiously ; veneration, reverence for superiority in general. Very small. — Impiecy, no acknowledgment of any God or of any super- iority. Small. — Little regard or respect for God, parents, old age, magistrates. Rather Small. — Aptness to innovation, feels lttle religion. Moderate.— Has a desire to be religious, but may temporize with the world. Fair. — Has some religion, which may be often mote speculative than practical. Full. — Treats his equals with regard and CRANIOLOGY. 78 his superiors with deference. Rather large. — Respect and admiration for virtue, talents, ruins of antiquity; one likes to keep the portraits of worthy persons. Large. — Piety, reverence, obedience, fervency and awe at church, or in assemblies or before superiors. Very large. — Sublime devotion to God as the supreme being, great admiration for virtue talents, etc. Abused. — Bigotry, fanaticism, superstition, rigid adherence to obsolete customs, idolatry, veneia.ion for worldly titles, relics, monuments, medals and vain objects. Physiognomizcd. — A high head, a grave and serious air, large eyes, beautiful soft light in the eyes. Pathognomized. — Looks and hand directed towards heaven, stooping mode of walking and turning the eyes down, in order to avoid looking at any body. 19. Marvellousness. Sense of faith or of moral sustenance, wonder, supernaturdity, mystery, belief in miracles, in spirits and in Providential interference. Sense of believing something ; spirituality, celestial intuition Very small. — Infidelity, Scepticism, incredulity, a step to atheism. Small. — No belief without demonstrative evidence, wants a reason for every thing. Rather Small. — One will reject new things without examining, wants fads in order to see about believing" Moderate. — Likes to know the why and how of things, yet listens to evidence. Fair. — Is open to conviction, and will believe some. Full. — Can conceive the evidence of supernatural things. Rather large. — - Believes generally in the mysteries of his religion. Large. — One likes to fall into spiritual inspirations, or communicate with spirits and with God ; has a firm belief in the Creator and in his interference. Very large. — Humility, voluntary submission of reason to any doctrine authentically revealed by God, or to any principle believed by most of men. Abused. — Credulity, simplicity of mind, enthusiasm, passion for the mystical, belief in astrology, witchcrafts, sorcery, dreams, ghosts, spells, fortune telling, etc. Physiognomized, — an air of mys- tery, of unction, of fright, etc. Pathognomized. — Low and confiden- tial voice, frequent looks of amaze, staring eyes ; mouth wide open, as if to swallow. 20. Expectativeness. Sense of moral courage, hope, the exercise of faith, bright anticipation of success and of a future happiness; sense of hoping for so^^hing. Very small. — Despair, one has no hope of success. Small. — Feels reluctance to risk anything, magnifies difficulties. Rather small. — Is easily discouraged, disheartened, low spirited. Moderate. — Expects and attempts a little, succeeds some- times. Fair. — Has some hope and speculates. Fall. — Maintains hopes, yet realizes about what he expects. Rather large. — Confidence of success in speculations, rises above troubles. Large. — Great hope, expectancy of prosperity either temporal or spiritual. Very large. — Great reliance on the goodness of Providence and on cne's success. Abused. — Ideal happiness, scheming, oversanguine expectations, in- considerate speculations, one is visionary, full of projects. Physiog- nomized. — Content and tranquil looks, head elevated, a peculiar ele- vation of the brow and horizontal wrinkles above each other. Path* ognomized. — Elastic steps, hands suddenly rising, cheerful counten- ance, and talk, buoyancy. 79 PERCEPTION OP THE EXISTENCE OP THINGS. ORDER II. Intellectual Faculties, or Faculties of the Mind. They are receiving faculties ; they perceive eternal truths and wisdom, and by a necessary and united reaciicn with the will, they bring forth knowledge, sciences and arts; they are among the animals in an uncomplete state. GENUS 1. Faculties of perception, observation, and memory, which produce the fixe arts and physical sciences. Section 1, PERCEPTION OF THE EXISTENCE AND PHY- SICAL QUALITIES OF THINGS, or faculties of speciality and application. 21. Individuality. Perception of the individual existence of thing3, or of what belongs to an individual (person or thing), or of what distinguishes it from another, without reference to origin and effect, sense of things, of distinctions; the claw of the mind, inquisit- iveness; sense of discerning an individual or individualizing, the summary of things, the " what is it." Very small. — One is stupid and silly. Small. — Fail3 to take notice of men and things. Rather small. — Fails to observe minute objects and sees things in the gross. Moderate. — Can observe generalities, but does not attend sufficiently to particulars, Fair — Remarks every thing he meets with, yet does not desire after them. Fall. — Can perceive well enough, and desires to ascertain the what is it. Rather large. — Likes to examine and try every thing. Large. — Practical knowledge of every I hing, educability. Very large. — Smartness, great memory of particulars, seen, read or heard, quick sight of things. Abused, — Superficial knowledge of facts, curio ity, gazing and making und ie, rash and continual remarks on every person and thing. Physioynomized. — Projection of the face from the ro X of the nose to the under lip. Patliognomized. — An air of interest in occurrences, the reverse of abstraction, busy body, striking the forehead wHi the hands. 22. Configuration. Perception of the shape, form find figure, memory of persons and thing3 by their form, sense of forming the snArE of persons and things. Very Small. — One is unable to judge of the form of things. Small. — One always forgets the shape and figure of the same persons and things. Rather small. — Fails to recognize those he see3 often. Moderate. — Recollects persons and things, only when he has seen them several times. Fair. — Can remember some kind of persons and things. Full, — Can learn how to read, write and sketch well enough. Rather large. — Can learn drawing, engrav- ving, miner.dogy, crystallography. Large. — Capacity for botany, natural history and physical sciences. Very large. — Great talent for succeeding in all trie branches above mentioned. A buse d. —Recol- lection of peasons superficially without study of character, love of caricatures, fastidiousness in the shape of trifles. Physioynomized. — Intensity of the eyes towards the nose, falling of the internal angle of the eyes, large eyes wide apart from each other. Pathognomic. — Rubbing of the eyebrows, inadvertently with the fingers, as if stimu- lating tne organ. 80 CRANIOLCGY. 23. Measure. — Perception of the size and proportion of bodies, capacity for perspective, geometry, surveying, sense of measuring any object, etc- Very small. — One is unable to judge of measure. Small. — Can hardly distinguish a rat from a mouse. Rather small. — Judges very inaccurately of the magnitude of things. Moderate. — Can mea- sure short distances, and small bodies, but fails for long dimensions. Fair. — Can judge of the size of things but with some inaccuracy. Fall. — Can calculate ordinary and familiar size and distances. Rather large. — Can measure lengths, widths, depths, and heights by rules. Large. — Measures well by the oyes, can survey lands, etc. Very large. — Can excel in perspective, geometry, trigonometry, etc. Abused. — A too great and silly eagerness to view and describe the vast and stupendous works of nature and art, whilst neglecting the smaller and not less beautiful objects. Physiognomized. — Projection of the superciliary bone near the nose. Pathognomized. — If the organ is impaired, it gives birth to certain hallucinations before a dim light ; the eyes and hands in motion. 24. Weight. Perception of the momenta and mechanical resit- ance of bodies, sense of equilibrium, taetility, density of bodies, grav- itation, sense of weighing, any object. Very small. — One will stum- ble at the least encounter. Small. — Will have dizziness in the head upon running water or from heights. Rather small. — Will understand very little of weight and equilibrium. Moderate. — One may feel dizzy upon a stormy sea, will preserve his centre of gravity on the ice, but will seldom venture to go far. Fair. — Will understand how to jud.t even in a forest. Rather large. — Likes to travel and can give his ideas and words their proper place. Large. — Ability to locate in one's mind any place, thing, person, lesson. Very large. — • Talent for perspective in landscapes, for geography, geometry, fond- ness for travelling, good local memory. Abused. — Curiosity, caprice, 83 PERCEPTION OF ACTIONS. fondness to see new persons, new things and places, erractic habits, moving about, change of trade. Physiognomized. — The prominence of the organ is very remarkable above the eyebrow near the nose, projection of the under lip. Patkognomized — Coriosity in the actions, restless motions, the hands and arms ready to show some place, the index raised before the eye or on the or^an Section 3. PERCKPTIOff OF ACTIONS OR OF THE SIGNS OF IDEAS BY ACTIONS AND WORDS.— Intuitive spirit. 31. Eventuality. Perception of the general relation of things. Intuitive observation of a concatenation of ideas belonging to any kvknt or action read or seen Spirit of observation, sense of phe- nomena, aptness to eventualize or to make event of some object or scenery, to discern or observe the links of any historical event or scientific fact. Very small. — One forgets all events even the most publicly known. Small. — Forgets almost every event, generals as well as particulars. Rather Small. — Has a treacherous and confused memory of occurrences. Moderate, — Will remember a little what he sees, but not so well what he reads. Fair. — Can recollect the gene- rality of events well enough, and what he sees and reads Full. — Has a good memory of occurences yet forgets some particulars. Rather large. — Docility, fondness for newspapers, books, information. Large. — Educability, retentive memory of history, talent for narra- tion and conversation. Very large — Perceptibility, great talent for historical and scientific fact=. Abused. — Needless prying into mat- ters, private history, tales of scandal, personal anecdotes which may be pernicious, avidity for novels of love, of murder. Physiognomized. — Large ears, as signs of docility, curving of the middle of the fore- head. Patkognomized. — Curiosity evinced by children especially (in their watching eyes) to know stories and tales, and to inquire what has happened. 32. Ideality. Perception of the beautiful in the connexion of ideas, spirit oi imagination, of beauty, sense of ideal perfection of the exquisite and sublime in nature and arts, power of forming ideal pictures of any object. Very Small. — One is plain and un- couth, and takes things as they are. Small. — Is unrefined, regardless of beauty and delicacy. Rather small. — Discovers little in nature and arts to awaken his feelings. Moderate.— Has some but not much imagination, is a little plain, ete. Fair. — Has some regard for the beautiful, yet lacks more taste. Full. — Has some refinement of feelings, of expressions, etc., without a vivid imagination. Rather large. — Fjne conceptions, emotions of feelings, one is an ^admirer of the wild and romantic. Large. — Great taste for poetry, eloquence, literature, painting, music, etc., arts and sciences. Very large. — Sub- limity, ecstacy, raptures of the soul at con' emplating the grand and awful nature, or the works of arts. Abused.— Sickly delicacy and taste ; overwrought sensibility, entusiasm and exaltation; eccen- tricity, wild flights of fancy, love for pomp, dress, novels, fictions; visions, abstractions, neglect of the solid of life, Physiognomized.-^ Intelligent features, sensible look, high and broad forehead Path* ogno?mzed.—'Eye3 glancing and subject to a rolling motion, light or unsteady head, careless and singular habits. See imagination, page 13, CRANICLOGY. 84 N. B. Constructiveness, No. 7, may be added here, when consider^ ed as a perception of construction in the fine art?. So we may add as perceptions, Imitation No. 36, Vvit No. 37, Onomasophy No. 38, and Glossomathy No. 39. GENUS II. Faculties of reflection, or of philosophical sciences; the regulating' powers of the mind. 33. Comparison. Power of analogy, judgment, acuteness, compar- ative sagacity, unlimited extension of the mental flight, capacity to judge any object by analogy. Very small. — One appears silly and dumb, perhaps insane. Small. — Want of judgment and discrimination. Bather small. — One iails most often to perceive and compare the relation of things. Moderate. — Wi 1 perceire only obvious similarities and dif- ferences. Fair — Can observe and discern but mistakes often. Full, — Discriminates, compares and illustrates well enough. Rather large. — Judges well, uses similies and differences in speaking and writing. Large. — Analyzes, criticises well, and uses figurative expressions with ease and advantage. Very large. — Abounds and excels in com- parisons, metaphors, allegories, analogies. Ahmed, — Is lead to soph- istical reasoning by unsound comparisons, satirical and infelicituous analogies. Physiognomized. — Roundness of the summit of the fore- head, and a nose with a wide and long septum. Paihognomizcd. — Attention at the first notice of things, arms often crossed on the breast, the eyes fixed on the abject to iirasp, quick and piercing eyes. 34. Causality. Power of reasoning, ideology, metaphysical penetration, logic, genius depth of mind, of abstracting and of gene- ralizing, spirit of analysis, or method a posteriori, that is proving the cause by the fac'.s which are the effects and by whi^h we ascend to the cause ; capability to analyze judgements or any objects, by syllogisms. Very small. — Ignorance, lolly. Small. — One is weak and imbecile, cannot think. Rather Small. — Fails to comprehend the why and how of things. Moderate. — Is slow of reflection, and is net always very clear, and sometimes makes false conclusions. Fair. — Likes to investigate, can understand some. Full. — Can perceive causes, draw common inferences from principle?. Rather large. — Has com- mon sense, reasons well on the nature and effects of th ngs. Large. — Can lay good plans, readily adipts good means to ends, reaches the causes and effects of every thing. Very large. — Has a great depth, invention, originality, genius. Abused. — Wants to prove every thing, and is led to dogmatism and abstract speculations, destitute of prac- tical application. Physiognomized. — Perpendicular forehead, arched towards the summit, the eyebrows knitted. Pathognomized. — Calm and silent countenance, all the body motionless, the eyes fixed and turned towards heaven. 35. Philosopuism. Power of inductive operation, human reason, conception, comprehension of the mind, wisdom, intuitive sense of the relative concatenation and combination of things, spirit of synthe- 6iSj or method a priori, that is, proving the facts or the effects by the cause, capability to synthezy (to comprehend or to unite) judgments or any object by syllogisms, the viewing of human nature <_r any vast subject, physiognomical tact. Very small. — Blindness of under- standing. Small. — incapacity for serious studies, superficiality. Rather small. — One has insulated notions of things and cannot unite FACULTIES OF LANGUAGE. 85 his ideas, or manage one branch of learning. Moderate. — One may uncle; stand a little by synthesis, yet will succeed by analysis. Fair. — Can comprehend some by induction and perceive a series of causes With their consequences. Full. — Can perceive some abstract and remote relations of thing's. Rather large. — Can understand human nature by intuition or by a quick inducLion. Large. — Has a good physiognomical tact upon almost every thing upon nature,, discovers and embraces at once its secrets. Very large. — The philosopher, who has an intuition of the sublime and vast series of the phenomena of the universe, and argues the concatenation of a subject. Abused. — Confused and my s'ified reasonings, perplexing efforts to find a suit- able agent for every operation, as for alchymy, etc. Physiognomized. — The upper part of the forehead wide and projecting, eyes fixed or closed. Pathognomized. — Motionless countenance, a breathing almost stopt, an absorption of the mind into cogitations, causing u paleness or a constriction of the face. GENUS III, Faculties of communication, or of expression by language. oti. Imitation. Spirit of imitation, sense of sympathetic language, mimick, aptness to copy or imitate any object, or to describe or make like another, copy, pantomime, theatrical ability. Very small. — One is unable to imitate. JSmall. — Has a singularity and an excentricity of manners for want of imitating. Rather small. — Dislikes or fails to copy, draw or do after others. Moderate. — Has a difficulty to take pattern, yet will imitate but poorly. Fair. — Will copy or imitate some person, some good example, some art, yet without beins; skil- ful to mimick. Full. — Can describe, relate anecdotes in personifying but with some effort. Rather large.^-Om copy and imitate gestures, sounds, words, mechanical process. Large. — Can personify, mimick very well and speak with good gestures on a stage. Very large. — "Will imitate perfectly any action, style, sound, etc , in art and sciences. Abused. — Likes to play the buffoon, the monkey, to make a farce, and to render every thing comical, to act the plagiary, to counterfeit any object. Physiognomized. — The eyes close together as in the monkey; the forehead with a horizontal plan, almost straight at the top. Pathognomized. — Expressiveness of manners in repeating or mimic- king what has been observed or learnt, in taking the ton of others or in falling into their temper. 37- Wit, Spirit of mirthfulness, perception of ludicrous gaiety, satirical merriment causticity, joke, intellectual destructiveness, sense of antipathetic language, of joking on any object, or pointing out differences amidst resemblances. Very small. — Moroseness, peevish- ness. Small. — One is unable to make or take a joke. Rather small. — Dislikes jokes, and is slow in perceiving any contrast or puns. Mod- erate. — Is sober about puns, has a little wit, yet lacks quickness to express it. Fair. — Can perceive some contrast, make a joke and still not like to take as muca from others. Full. — Has some wit, mirth, sallies and reparties. Rather large. — Has a share of mirth and will express it with tac':. Large. — One is smart, and has a gay and quick perception of the ludicrous and incongruous. Very large. — Has a keen delight and tact in jovial sarcasms, epgrams, satire. Abused. — Mirth at the expense of others, frivolity and levity of mind, aptness to 86 CRANIOLOGY. rail at religion, or morality to scoff at everything. Physio gnomized. — An arch know- ing look, a, broad forehead. Patho gnomized— A sort of half smile, affected and unnatural gestures, acquired by mimicking others, in order to ridicule them. 38. OxoMASOPHY. Sense of the language of single words, perception of the artificial signs of a science or language, ability to recollect or to retain all kixds of words and names, as technical expressions of single ideas, in botany, chemistry, natural history, physical sciences etc., without any reference to their logical connexion ; verbal memory, the '■'what is the name of that." Very smill. — One is an idiot. Small. — Incapacity to recollect the names of persons and things. Rather Small. — Difficulty to learn by heart or to remember technical names except some few that necessarily interest one. Moderate. — One inquires for the names of persons and things, and remembers some. Fair. — Can recollect a certain quantity of names in languages or sciences, yet with some deficiency. Full. — lias a good store of names and words which he uses with some advantage. Rather large. — Taste fur languages and sciences, where there are many names or nouns to retain. Large. — Good nominal memory, capacity for natural history, medicine, mineralogy, etc. Very large. — Has a very great command of names in any science or language which he has learnt. Ahused. — Verbosity in speaking and writing, a mania of reciting pieces, prattling, talkativeness. Physingnomized. — Motionless intensity of looks, eyes full or big and projecting forward, eyelids and globe of the eyes drawn a little upward. Patho gnomized. — Great action in the eyes and in the tone of voice, in pronouncing technical names at every occurrence. 39. Articulated Language. Sense of the language of thoughts, glossoma- thy. rolyglottism, perception and memory of the expressions of any language, faculty of speech, ability to recollect thoughts, or several ideas 0** words con- nected together, phraseologies, idiomatic sentences, rhetoric, elocution, thoughts memory ; this organ is to the preceding, what eventuality is to individuality. Vny small. — Stupid taciturnity caused by the want of that organ. Small. — Inca- pacity for expressing one's self. Rather small. — Difficulty to follow one's thoughts, to study grammar. Moderate. — One can write his thoughts and express them with common words. Fair. — Can expatiate some time on common subjects. Full. — Shows his faculty of speech with advantage, is free though not copious. Rather large. — Has ability for rhetoric, history, the nature of languages. Large. — Ability to study English, French. Spanish. German, etc. Can be a linguist, has a good memory of languages and talent for eloquence, his words flow freely and rapidly. Very large. — Can be a great Philologist, a sublime rhetor and an affluent improvisator. Abused. — Untimely making of speeches, too much volubi- lity in speaking, a passion to interpret the meaning of others, impatience at in- terruptions while speaking, bombast and unnecessary digressions. Physiognomized. — Eyes pursenet-like upwards, the ball pushed downward, forming a bag" or fold- ing in the lower eyelid, eyes big and projecting. Pathj gnomized. — Graceful atti- tudes and gesticulations, liveliness and smartness in telling stories, or reciting some event. PART IV. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Physiological Prolegomena. Moral and Corporeal Medicines aretwo necessary branches of the law of man, Anthroponomy. We claim no real discovery on the subject ; but after having stud- died the French and English authors on these subjects, we have added new ideas, perhaps, in the drift of this work, and have unit ed some detached beads of various authors to make the Rosary. Vv r e have been forming a new School uf Phrenolo- gists since 1838— giving a new definition of Phrenology, p 3, and new rules for blending its parts— Craniology and Physiognomy. So we call Craniologists only professors, who differing from our views, arc called Phrenologists. Our Anthroponomy includes two sciences. Psychology, or the science of tno Soul, and Physiology, or the science of life in the bodily man, which we treat PHYSIOLOGICAL PROLEGOMENA. 87 promiscuously. Life i? an .tggregatc of physical and spiritual phenomena, mani- fested in succession for a limited rime in organized bodies. Three actions take place in the body, the attraction or absorption of the external elements for the nourishing of the body, then the secreting power of the vital principle on those elements to elaborate them, then the expansion or reactive power of the organs to communicate with and control the external world. The body, besides being like a galvanic battery, may be compared to a steam-engine; you feed the fur- nace or mouth with wood, and it receives the oxygen of the air for combustion. The heat expands the fluids inside into steam, and produces a pushing and pul- ling of the pistons of the great receiver, in order to entertain the motion of the wheels. So is the heart, with its sistole and diastole, by which the motion of the body is maintained. When man breathes or inhales the air, it passes through the larynx and the bronchia^ into the air-cells of the lungs ; the oxygen is disengaged from nitrogen, and coming in contact with carbon, produces fire, as oxygen and hydrogen produce water. The venous blood, running in close contact with the air-cells, and containing carbon and iron, at the passage from the capillary pulmonary artery into the capillary pulmonary vein, undergoes the clecarbonisation by that heat, expanding and contracting, and becomes arterial ot red. The carbon, which is poisonous, is disengaged and exhaled from the lungs. Man, then, ndergoc3 three conditions to live : air for his lungs, food for his stom- ach, and the radiation of light, caloric and external objects on the senses of the body for the action of the nervous system. The food entering the mouth, passes through the pharynx and the oesophagus. It mixes with the gastric juice, and forms a pulpy mass called chime, which passes through the pylorous into the duodenum, where it is mixed with the bile of the liver and the pancre- atic juices; then two masses are formed, one of nutriment called chyle, and another, of course, of its refuse called excrements. The fine part, or chyle, is taken up by lacteals into the thoracic duct, then into the subclavian vein, going along the venous current, till it enters, as a venous blood, the right side of the heart, and the coarse part goes out down through the anus. From the heart that venous blood goes to the lungs, then in its passage from the pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein becomes arterial ; then it goes back to the heart into the left side ; then is forced from the heart into the aorta, and distributed through the body. The arterial blood contains the distillation and essence of the various articles eaten up for the nourishment of the body. Thus the temperaments are formed. The third condition cf human life is the power of receiving the light, caloric, and impressions from the external world through the sensitive organs of the body, (page 21), provided with a nervous system. There are two kinds of nervous apparatus, the ganglionic or sympathetic nerve, which governs the vegetative or interior life, or the viscera of the body, with the affections and passions of the soul, and the cerebro-spinal axis which originates in the brain or encephalus, (page 4). The brain is composed of three parts : the brain proper, which is the seat of understanding; the cerebellnm, the seat of locomotion and reproduction; and the medulla oblongata, the seat of respira- tion and voice ; its continuation, the spinal marrow, is the seat of nutrition. The optic nerve is photographed with millions of electrical atoms of images coming through the eyes. The auditory nerve is marked with millions of elec- trical undulatbrymoleculae, coming from the air through the ears ; and the smell, taste, and touch, with millions of plastic electrical moleculae through the nose, mouth, and skin ; and as that reaction of the brain comes from the center to the periphery, it expands the features of the face for action— and if there is antipathy for action, the features of the face will contract. The brain goes in motion by two galvanic batteries, a central and a peripheric, forming a positive pole. These two batteries communicate with the pelvis through the spinal marrow. There is anoth6r battery there forming the other or negative pole, and governing the sympathetic nerve and tho viscera. It follows, that desire or need is a galvanic phenomenon in all animals, (page G4). It is a tendency to act, and it manifests itself when the central batteries are in a state nf excitation. Desire is for mental operations what tension is for electric conditions. When desire is satisfied, it ceases for awhile, it is analo- gous to an exhausted battery, in which there are arrangements taken tor the renewing of the exciting fluid, in which case, after a certain time, it again be- comes active and manifests tension. Then, also, the intensity of the desire is greater, and will be more ready to break out on one object, love for instance, as the brain will have received 'more photographs or impressions of that love by pictures, words, or actions; in those deep impressions, we have the seat and Intensity of any passion. The nervous system is the organ of sensibility and motion. Besides the two Systems mentioned above, (page 5), Gall admits as many nervous systems as there are organs in all animals, as they have a scale of gradation in the number 88 MKDICAL DEPARTMENT. of organs, there is an appropriated nervous system to it, we would say as many batteries. The brain contains nerves of sensation, optic, olfactory, auditory, and gustative : and nerves of motion in the eyes, head^ face, tongue, all mixed nerves, for both sensation and motion. Each sensitive nerve is in opposition with each motor nerve, and the circuit of any galvanic or nervous battery is completed by the closest motor nerve. The nerves which convey the impression to the brain are involuntary motors as well as the ganglionic nerves of the vegetation life ; but the nerves that react by the secreting action of the understanding are spinal voluntary motor nerves. In woman, the solar plexus feels much more than the nerves of external life the morbid shaking of passions. But it is certain, that the heart previously moved by that plexus reacts on the brain by the help of the pneumo^astric nerve, (the 8th pair), if it has been moved first ; but if the brain has received previous im- pression, the brain acts first, and makes the passion irradiate on the heart by means of the above nervous branches. The pneumogastric nerve comes from the cardiac plexus, and is a negative conductor between the lungs and the viscera, and the great sympathetic nerve is a positive conductor from the viscera and heart to the brain. So by laying down flat on your back, and by breathing deep and slow and uniformly, and concentrating your will on the extremities first, and then going upward and downward progressively, truly says Jackson Davis, you will reach the brain for action on your disease, and you may cure yourself. The nervous system is the great regulator of actions between the soul and body by its sensibility and irritability. There are two extremes in the pendu- lum of life, the quick, hot, increasing, passionate, and positive state, tending to fever, and the slow, cold, decreasing, apathic, and negative state, tending to paralisy ; irritability, tends to inflammation, and reacts to the decreasing state. There are three states or motions of reaction on the face of man, extensibility, contractility, and a mixt state (p. 33, 34). Extensibility is the expansive action or negative state ; it takes place under the control of the will in the sanguine temperament, sanguine lymphatic, and sanguine bilious. The arterial blood is pushed with force from the heart to the brain— so we see a red face, opened mouth, thick lips, fatness, every organ open and dilated— great love for the sex, joy, happiness, great talkativeness, people who keep nothing within them- selves, they are frank, epicure, like to push and repel ; the greatest heroes for action are found in this class. And when the climax is attained by continued actions, convulsive passions take place— hence follow the abuse of organs ; lust of the sex, sodomy, etc., are among the sins. Contractility is the contracting action or positive state ; it takes place in the bilious and nervous temperament. Every feature, the lips, the nose, etc., seem to contract, to be pinched up, to pull in, or to go from the periphery to the centre. It is the contrary of the expan- sive, which goes from the centre to the periphery. People like to concentrate, or live only within themselves in their imagination. The greatest thinkers and geniuses are found in this class as well as the strongest magnetizers. They absorb and attract what they can, and conceal easily their actions. When the climax is attained by repeated actions, concentrated or oppressive passions take place : then passion is enjoyed in imagination : they are inclined to egotism, hypocrisy, sodomy, masturbation, etc.— hence, also, the apathy towards ex- panding or employing the organs, and thus their defect is exhibited on the face. The mixt state between the two is composed of both the expansive and con- tracting power, which establishes an equilibrium of action. It is found in the sanguine bilious principally. It can expand and absorb. It is the health of the soul and body. It produces secretions and excretions in due manner, and makes practical and wise men. Now, we can derive some more knowledge of the interior of man by the quiet state of the external parts and features — such as the forehead, nose, mouth, chin, neck, &c. (See pages 50 and 51). So, a part Projecting, means: energy, Retreating— weakness of that part, no reflexion, Long— perseverance, slowness, no ener- gy Short — shortness of action, Wide or Broad— coldness, without cun- ning, strong in action, Firm — energy, steadiness, Soft— delicac}', vacillating, Flabby or loose— sensuality, laziness, Thick — shame, roughness, Narrow — indocility, obstinacy, Big or large— strength, boldness Small— weakness, timidity, Rounded-mildness, frankness, flexibili- ty, Flat— coldness, simplicity, Square— resistance, Close or Compact— concealment, cun- ning, avarice, craft, Open— peacefulness, frankness, simpli- city, Fat— Nsensuality, laziness. Thin— privation, sensibility, Moist— sluggishness, easi ness, Dry — sensibility, irritability, morose* ncss, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROLEGOMENA. S9 Hot— irritation, &c, Cold — defect of activity, Red— expansiveness, excess, violence, Pale— oppression, sickness, High— fantastical, no reflection, Low — want of some disposition or talent, Straight— forwardness, infiexbility, Angular — severity, austerity, slyness, Delicately expressed— delicacy of dis- position, Harshly expressed— irrascibility, From the above rules, we can draw up' Arched features— mildness, Rounded — flexibility, Projecting angles — energy, roughness, Fine '• penetration, Undulated lines— weakness, Angular— roughness, Perpendicular — no wit, Straight — inflexibility, force, under- standing, Curved- -flexibility, weakness, senti- ments. . F , for exercise, the physiognomy of every disposition, capacity, profession, trade, passion, and vices; and, besides, from the images of perfection which we have retained in our brain, by continual ob- servations of beautiful types to form our taste by, and at last by the feelings of sympathy, or antipathy, or indifference we may have ; for physiognomy, is a science more of sentiments than of reasoning. We are all born physiognomists more or less. If we were deaf and damb, it would bo the only language of man. Now we will treat first of the diseases of the soul, and secondly of the dis- eases of the body. chapter 1. Medical Phrenology : Man has been created to live in harmony with himself, with his fellowmen, and with God : that harmony is love. Now, God is love, and love is the per- fecting of the law, and on it hang the law and the prophets. — Luke xxiii. 36-40 ; Rom. xiii. 10, and James i, 27. It is the basis of true religion — it is religion itself— and it is only on that basis that men have been able to agree with each other in all their transactions on positive necessities, whilst they do not agree on the forms of religion and gov- ernments, which are left to the free will of mankind for exercise. We have, then, to love ! ourselves first, simply and without any comparison, in order to understand and to enable us to love ! our neighbor as ourselves, and thereby to show by that evidence the love of ! God above all, which is our last and supreme love for happiness after this life. So there is no love of God without the love of the neighbor, and there is no rational love of the neighbor without loving ourselves first. After that law, it is evident that all maxims, all princi- ples, all counsels that man can trace up for himself, are only single rules of numan prudence and of practical wisdom, which may vary according to times and circumstances. The diseases of the soul, which are twofold, consist mainly in priJe and concupiscence. The general treatment is explained at page 34. But, mind ! the magnetic exercise of prayer, (p. 17), and abstemiousness, are the great remedies. Besides, we must consider our last end, and impress our brain with the ideas of immortality and glory that we will obtain, if we do to others what we want to be done unto us rationally, and if we do not do to others what we don't want them to do to us rationally.— Mat. vii. 12. We will follow the same di- vision as it is in the Craniological part : first, the affective faculties ; and second- ly, the intellectual faculties. Article I. Diseases of the affective faculties The affective faculties express love : they are the executive government of man ; they are the motions of the will of the soul. We are accountable and responsible for the actions of the will decided by the understanding, and there is our spiritual liberty ; but if we decide by the understanding of others, we are spiritual slaves, and we risk to lose ourselves with a blind guide. Besides, when there is no violence made to us for our external actions, we are free and perfect- ly responsible. We will speak first of the love of ourselves, expressed by the faculties of Industry ; secondly of the love of the neighbor, expressed by the fa- culties of Sociability : and thirdly of the love of God, "expressed by the faculties cf Morality. We will use the words defect and abuse to signify the disease or passion. A defect may be natural, accidental, or acquired. If it is acquired, it is a real disease, like an abuse. Section 1. Diseases of the faculties of industry, or the love of ourselves. (Page 70). § 1. Vitativeness— 1. Defect: Negligence of life, cured by stimulants rubbed on the medulla oblongata. 2d. Abuse : Cowardice and fear. See §3. § 2. Alimentivcness. — I. Defect : Sickness of the stomach, unnatural indiffer- ence for food, cured by stimulants. 2. Abuse : Gluttony. OUittony.— The first sin of childhood. The table kills more men than war Causes: Childhood and o.d age; bilious and sanguine bilious temperament 90 MEDICAL PHRENOLOGY. rich and idle people ; the male sex more than the female ; cooks are less inclined to it. Mankind is ruled by the stomach like the animals.— Semeiology or Symp- toms: Middle size, prominent abdomen, narrow forehead, quick and brilliant eyes, short nose, hanging lips, wide mouth, large and strong teeth, displayed lips, long and wide cheekbone and lower jaw, round chin, double and flesQy, square face, or at least rounded ; head aches after eating.— Hygienic and moral treatment : Fasting and abstinence, rural exercises, a society of sober and active mates, pure water, plain meals at regular hours, steady employment, stimulat- ing the idea of making money by using diligence and dispatch in eating, as time is money ; to show the shame attached to the sensual features of persons who live only to eat and drink, and the danger of falling into apoplexy and gout. §— Bibativeness. — 1. Defect : accidental sickness. 2. Abuse : Drunkenness. .Drunkenness. — Causes: Influence of bad example in adults, the male sex oftener than the female ; sanguine and bilious temperament ; some politicians, musicians belonging to band, soldiers, sailors, porters, shoemakers, tailors, to- bacco chewcrs, smokers, and bar-keepers, are more subject to it. Idleness, reverses of fortune, despair, disappointments, depravity of taste by disease, as in women, cursers, gamblers, loafers, frolickers. and hereditary impression.— Ssmeiology : The drunkard is heavy and unhandy in his gait, his swarthy and copper-like face is covered with pimples, his nose is red and thick, sometimes also the face is pale, but the eyes are dull, wild, and languishing, the breath fcetid, lips swelled, hanging and agitated by ontinual shivering. — Treatment ; To join temperance societies. If drunkenness is slight, make the man drink some cups of tea or coffee, or orgeat syrup, diluted with water, or else ten or twelve drops of ammonia in half a tumbler of water. If there is nausea, facili- tate the vomiting with lukewarm water or some grains of ipecac, then thirst for liquors will be subdued with lemonade or some acidulated drink in which you inuy put cream of tartar to make it laxative, If there is congestion of the brain, apply leeches behind the ears, at the temples, and especially^ the anus. In case of apoplexy, put some sinapisms, and lead them along the inside of the thighs. Some people think that the sin • >f gluttony or drunkenness in ohe person is not the business of another, because tliey say, the drunkard hurts himself only— but we say that he hurts others also by giving a bad example, or exciting them to drink till they hurt themselves ; his" conduct is a reproach to their abstinence, and he teaches others what they do not want to be taught against their best judgment. He does not love himself right, since nature punishes him by sick ness or shameful result, and, therefore, he does not love his neighbor in a" rational manner. Tobacco M ania.-The use of it, especially in chewing, is contrary to the laws of nature, as it does not constitute any of the elements of the human body. Its juice destroys the sensibility of the stomach, and produces a constant irritability in it. So it is injurious in the long run, except in a lymphatic constitution, where the excretion has to be abundant in order to d minish the fatness. The remedy for getting rid of it is to chew for awhile some mulberry leaves or black tea leaves, and to1)e magnetized. § 3. Acquisitiveness.— Defect : Laziness. Abuse : avarice and theft. Laziness.— It is also a defect of constructiveness <§ 7). It is a vice less than idleness. It supposes an action that goes on two slowly, whereas idleness con- sists in doing nothing. It is contrary to diligence, and especially to industry. It suspends the functions of the cerebral organs, and is likely to stupify a per- son. It is the first degree of paralisy, the rust of the understanding, and the source of all vices.— Causes: Children, old people, the black race are more in- clined to it,— lymphatic temperament, large abdomen, tallness with slender limbs, extreme cold or heat, concentrated passions, onanism.— Treatment: If it is an accidental morbid stare, the return of strength will cure it. If it proceeds from the lymphatic constitution, let the sleep be of short duration ; avoid veget- able fruits and milk ; take highly aromatized food, composed of roasted meat with a little wine. Bitter drink, coffee, and the use rf the pipe, will do some- times. Exercises of all kinds. Frictions on the spine will do very well. Avarice — The richest man is the economist, and the poorest man is the miser. Avarice is the desire of accumulating riches even at the expense of pri- marvnecessitv. St. Paul calls it idolatry of money.— Causes : Lymphatic, me- lancholic, the rich more than the poor ; the domineering passion of old au r e. as ambition is that of man, love that of young men, and gluttony that of infancy. The true cause is an exaggerated fear of missing the supply of life in case of poverty.— Semeiology : When the avaricious receives, his face expands, and he enjoys, when he has to give, his face contracts, and he is sad and slow. — Treat meat : To frequent lively people that give aims and spend money freely; t? DISEASES OF THE SOL'L. 91 view the ridicule of the fear of being robbed ; the sad and unavoidable result of avarice, misery, and hatred from ethers. Theft.— This sin is cured by appealing to the high feelings and to reason. §4. Dcstructivcness. — Defect : Effeminacy, cured by rubbing the organ as before, and stimulating it with aroma. — Abuse : Cruelty, swearing, (see p. ' 71) for the physiognomy. — Treatment ; Cataptasms, with sinapisms, may be ap- plied to both 'legs, and narcotico aromatics on the whole head, also baths, and the society of the sex ; and cursing is cured by stopping or avoiding conversation. § 5. Combativeiiess. — Defect : Inefficiency, cured by stimulating or rubbing the organ with the hand or some aroma, and teasing the person, exciting him .o take his defence. — Abuse : anger and duel, - p. 71). Auger.— It is an excessive need of reaction from a physical or moral suiTering ; it produces impatience, roughness, violence, furor, hatred, and vengeance.— Causes: Bilious, bilious sanguine, and nervous temperament; the female more than the male sex ; the Southern people more than the Northern ; children are impatient or pouters ; young men are rough and violent ; soldiers and sailors are abrupt; besides, literary men and artists are inclined to impatience and hatred: great sensibility and irritability of the nervous svstem. and the rapidity of the circulation of the blood, hastens the ideas to a crisis, whilst the brain is impressed with misfortune, or fatigued with excessive watching, hunger, and thirst, or whilst the stomach is digesting the food.— Semeiology : There are two kinds, the red, convulsive, or excentric anger, and the pale spasmodic, oppres- sive or concentric anger. In the sanguine temperament it is convulsive; the blood comes from the centre to the periphery the heart beats with violence, breathing is accelerated, the face and neck swell and redden, the hair stand on an end, the look is inflamed, the eyes injected with blood, seem to go out from their orbit, (p. 33). In the lymphatic and bilious temperament, where there is not sufficient energy for reaction, the blood accumulated in the viscere seems to sojourn there, there is scarcely a beating of the heart, the pulse is small, close, and frequent, and it is oppressive, (d. 3-1, etc.) Anger pushed to excess may break the blood vessels and cause death. — Treatment : floral means. Anger comes from weakness. Strengthen the body by gvmnastic exercises and tem- perance, and the soul by study and reflection ; to delay and run away, or make a diversion by reciting the letters of the alphabet ; to" keep company with mild and spiritual females ; not to grant to children what they ask with impatience ; - to rebuke them with mildness and to inflict upon them a punishment, not blows, in a cool manner, and to show them their deformitv before a looking-glass.— Physical means: To throw a pitcher of water on the head, baths, mild vegetable and milky diet, cold meat with gravy, and acidulous substances : avoid stimulants, liquors, coriee and green tea ; drink water, lemonade, weak black tea, etc. jiuei. — It is a false point of honor for revenge, and cowardice for not being able to bear an affront in a Christian manner/ It is contrary to natural law social order, religion, reason, and the laws of honor. The remedy is to attach a disgrace to that action, by punishments : no one has a right to be a law to him- self, as there is a law to protect all, and we owe duty to our family and society § (3. Secretiveness.— Defect : Indiscretion, cured by admonitions, an stimu- lating the organ, and exciting the idea of secrecv. — Abuse : Falsehood, hypocri- sy. The organ is irritated, and by diverting the irritation to another point by means of aromatic blisters, we may regulate the ororan. It is the sin of infancy, and of merchants and speculators. The remedv isrto forgive a child when he tells the truth, and to make peonle ashamed of that sin. §7. Constructiveness.— Defect: Unskilfalness, cured by stimulating the or- gan as before, and rubbing down the spinal marrow, to excite motion. Necessi- ty is the stimulator of constructive or industrv.— Abuse : Vanity of speculations. § S. Cautiousness, page IS.— Defect : Blindness, imprudence^ cured by stimu- lating the organ and reasoning on facts, exciting the apprehension of dang- ers. — Abuse : Fear. -A debilitating and oppressive passion, an abase of vitativc- ness, and a defect of combativeness and hope.— Causes : Females, children, and old people, weak unci sickly per=ons, paralatics. hvpocondriacs. hysterics, soli- tude, darkness, the silence*of night, excessive fatigue, moist and, relaxing cli- mate, abuse of purges, sanguine evacuation, the abuse of love, tepid baths, sleep too much prolonged, softness, gluttony, and especially ignorance, an unexpected noise, and the story of robber3.-~ Symptoms : Face pale and dejected, gaping mouth, and mild or staring eyes, immovable nostrils. The whole body is disor- dered. Fear may be followed by syncopes, palpitation, convulsions, paralisy, and epilepsy, especially among children ; suppression of menstru, _ uterine hermorrhage. and sometimes abortion : intense phlegmasia?, mental alienation, catalepsy, hydrophoby, pulmonary and cerebral apoplexy, aneurism and death. Soldiers and sailors are more e::; osed to it, and hence to catch the scurvy.— Treatment: To abstain from frightening; young men must strengthen their 92 MEDICAL PHRENOLOGY. stomach by a strong food, traveling, hunting, swimming, riding on horseback, gymnastic exercises, music, the imitation of a little war, reading of the lives >f warriors, frequenting brave men. During a fit of fear, give a spoonful of water to drink at a time, with water thrown on the iorehead and temples, or frictions made on the limbs with equal parts of brandy and vinegar. Sometimes drink a little wine or an infusion of camomile with orange and linden leaf. Obedience and confidence towards a suitable friend and adviser, are the best remedies. §— Watchfulness, page 73.— Defeat : Dulness and laziness. See acquistive- ness. — Abuse: Overbearing, cured by the motives of justice and charity. Section 11.— Diseases of the faculties of sociability, or the love of our neighbor. § 9. Amativeness, page 74.— Defect : Passive continency, caused by weakness of a small cerebellum and spinal marrow, slender and long neck, emaciation, tending to a bad health ; nervous system predominating, a diseased constitu- tion ; cured by rich food and stimulating, and rubbing the cerebellum and spine with aromas, or wearing the aromas in sacks on those parts. Still, it is better to abstain from it, if a person can stand healthy— A buse : Licentiousness.— Symptoms : The median lobe of the brain is affected, irritated, or inflamed ; very broad and short neck. See the physiognomy of it. (p. 74). A bold gait, a lascivious look and mouth, falseness, an impure breath. In the sin of mas- turbation, we see a languishing expression and lengthening of the face, paleness of lips and cheeks, fixedness of looks, the swelling of the eyebrows, their lividi- ty, the inclining of the head towards the ground^ the excessive development of genital! organs, a sudden or stopped growth, a voracious appetite, a rapid de- crease without any apparent sickness, a badly secured gait, the weakness of the kidneys, night sweats, dirty urine, a continual chill, a harsh, weak, or hollow voice, the manner of sitting, the position of the hands in bed, the inclination to keep apart or at a distance, laziness, the indifference for playing, blunted feel- ings the habit of falsehood, the weakness of memory and intelligence, monoman- ia, phtlrysis pulmonaris or consumption, a diseased spinal marrow, alterations in the heart, apoplexy principally after meals ; induration, softening, abcesses and cancer in the brain, weakness of the parts, disease of the genito urinary ap- paratus : the lust of the sex is shown by satyriasis aiM impotency in men aiid women by leucorrhcea. nymphomania, sterility, hemorrhagy, cancer and altera- tions of the uterine; diabetes, cystitis and nephritis, and all forms of syphilis ensue. The sin of sodomy has the same marks as licentiousness between the sexes. It does not destroy so quick as masturbation, on account of the electri- cal mutual compensation"; but men of a lymphatic temperament and portly ab- domen, are more liable to that sin of sodomy, whereas the sanguine tempera- ment leads to the woman, and the nervous more to masturbation. There is a relation between the pelvis and the lungs, by which the lungs suffer a decrease in its functions, by the loss of seed. — Causes : Too much eating ; premature ex- citement of the genital organ to enter into action at inordinate times, and re- gulated more by imagination than by the laws of organism ; tetters, eresypelas, asearides in the rectum, irritation of the cerebellum and spinal marrow, flagel- lation, aloetic purges, spices liquors and beer ; then the bad example of some nurses.— Treatment : To watch children ; not to let them alone or in bad com- pany. Avoid all stimulants : wine, coffee, liauors, novels, love pictures, balls, theatres, drinking-houses, and sleeping on the back ; to use a hard bed, light and refreshing food, whey, acidulous drinks, fruits, vegetable diet, seat baths morning and evening, swimming, walking, fatiguing, exercises till they feel hungry, gymnastics of all kinds, the use of ^camphor or sedative, and some'times of nenuphar, a continual occupation of the mind to some necessary subject either for business or amusing instructions, regularity of meals, hunting, the study of mathematics— avoid literature and poetry. We must pity such a patient, eud cry with him, rather than exasperate him by rebukes— try to awake in him an antagonistic spirit on some subject against you. Avoid all aromatic articles, fish, eggs, jelly, game, salad, mushroom, cantharides, aloes, galbanum, and ail stimulants except camphor. If there is an irration in the cerebellums by heavi- ness or heat, cut the hair very short ; wear no cap ; use a hard pillow ; ice ap- plications on the nape, with hot footbath ; dry or narcotic frictions on each side of the vertebral column ; cold liquid applications, etc. As to the sj^philitic dis- eases, the patient must consult a physician. §10. Philoprogenitiveness, p. 74. Defect: A dislike for children, cured by , exciting the love of them, and rubbing the organ as before. —Abuse: Too much love for them, which degenerates into the abuse of amativeness. § 11 Concentrativeness, p. 74. — Defect : Disconnection of feelings, frivolity, cured by rubbing the organ as before, and stimulating the love of concentrating our thoughts. — Abuse: Resentment, manias, cured Vy changing the direction of excitement on some other part near it. Resentment is a sort of anger spoken of at § 5 ; and mania, on wicked actions, is spoken of at § 9. DISEASES OE THE SOUL. 93 § 11. Inhabitiveness, p. 75.— Defect : Dislike of home, cured by rubbing the organ as before, and stimulating the love of home.— Abuse ; KostaK gia. It is an imperious and melancholic desire of coming back to the place of our infancy. — Causes : The bilious more than the sanguine, men more than women ; chil- dren, soldiers, tailors, servants, and slaves, are more liable to it. It has the same symptoms as fever in the atrabilary temperament ; a sighing habit, flying every body, anxious,wanderingand weak looks, moroseness," taciturnity, short breath, palpitations, marasmus, and weakening of the intellectual faculties.— Treatment : To return home is the best remedy, or travelling elsewhere. § 12. Adhesiveness, p. lb.— Defect : Cold heartedness, cured by rubbing the organ as above, and stimulating the benefit of friendship. — Abuse : Mania in attachment, cured by changing the scenes of amusement to better persons or objects, and showing the shame of those manias. There is a passion that comes from the abuse of friendship as well as the abuse of acquisitiveness and concen- trativeness, it is the passion of gambling. It is a fight for money, where the gambler sees in his feilowman a prey which he wishes to seize. — Causes : Idle- ness, vanity, the desire of making money without working. — Symptoms : Pale countenance, impatient and fixed looks, a sad severity, always among so-called friends, sometimes a dreadful aspect, fury and malignant joy, and at last suicide. — Treatment : To break up all communications with such friends, to undertake a regular business, the company of religious persons, travels, fatigues of the body, and the cultivation of fine arts and science. § 13. Self-esteem, p. 75. — Defect: Meanness, cured by rubbing the organ as be- fore, and stimulating the feelings of character. — Abuse: Pride, ambition, jeal- ousy. Pride is an exaggerated sentiment of our personal value, with the in- tention" of preferring ourselves to others, and to dictate to them. See vanity at § 14. Causes: A bad education, riches, half-learning, adulation, sanguine, san- guine bilious and nervous ; men more than women. Pride differs in every indi- vidual.— ^Treatment: Good example and advices, frequent baths, light and cool- ing diet to diminish the sanguine plethora, and the surrexitation of" the nervous system. The law makes ever}' body equal in retributive justice, and religion recommends us humility.— Rom. xii. 3. Ambition. — It is a violent and continual desire of rising above others and Srofitingby their ruin; the abuse of self-esteem and acquisitiveness.— Causes: [en more than women ; a cowardly and creeping heart ; expansive and harshly expressed features ; paleness ; nearness of the eyebrows ; the eyes withdrawing in their orbits; movable and careworn look; projecting cheekbone: the tem- ples becoming hollow ; the hair falling or whitening before time. — Treatment • Rural life, long walks, hunting, light and cooling "diet, as that passion alters digestion ; long sleep, lukewarm baths, and frictions. Turn the passion on some other object, as for the ambition of the other world. .Jealousy. — It is a fear not to preserve our property, and that others will enjoy the same good that we possess. See envy in § 14. — Causes: Bilious, lym- phatic, nervous, and melancholic temperament, childhood and old age ; women more than men: idiocy, rachitis, deformity, impartiality of tutors among chil- dren, poverty, idleness, and rival professions. — Symptoms : Sadness, tacitur- nity ; the habitual frowning of the eyebrows coincinding with the leaden pale features in envy. It is a concentric, oppressive, and acute passion. When chronic by habit, the blood dilates the vessels — hence palpitations, sighs, aneur- isms ; also the liver full of black blood, secretes more bile, and ends in hypertro- phy. Then digestions are bad ; the forces diminish ; the skin is livid ; emacia- tion increases, with a slow fever ; symptoms of the irritation of the viscera ; then it comes to the brain ; dark and confused thoughts ; love of darkness lead to a consumptive melancholy, hypocondria, suicide, or forced death. — Treat- ment : Mild, refreshing, and vegetable diet, pure water, whey, emulsions, muci- laginous cold drinks, moderate exercise, varied occupation, mineral water ; ab- stain from purges and stimulants which excite the nervous system. Remove all temptations from a patient ; show him happiness in an honest mediocrity, the vanity of glory, and that we have to moderate our desires in order to obtain it. §14. Approbativencss, p. 7G. — Defect : Incivility, roughness, cured by rubbing the organ as above, and stimulating the sense of external character and propriety. — Abuse : Vanity and envy. Vanity.— it is an excessive desire of the praise ot others. The patient works to be admired, even if has not pride enough to dic- tate, lie is glorious, pretentious, magnificent, and coquettish. The proud man raises himself stiffly and haughtily; his pinched mouth shows disdain; the vanitous displays himself with graceful actions and looks, and a mouth more apt to open.-— treatment ; The same as for jealousy. Show that all is vanity of vanities. Envy it is a regret of the good that others possess and that we would prefer for ourselves. It is a fury which is worse than jealousy. The causes and treatment are the same a3 for jealousy above delineated. 94 mimical phrenology. Sectton ITT.— Diseases of the faculties of Morality or the love of God. §15. Conscientiousness— it is a desire to adhere to conscience, which is a judgment on what is right and wrong'— Defect : Injustice, cured by rubbing the organ as before, and stimulating the sense of duty. — Abuse ; Unnecessary re- morses, cured by stimulating the intellectual faculties and hope, § 20. § 16. Firmness.— Defect : Weakness of feelings, cured by rubbing the organ as before, and stimulating the sense of decision. — Abuse .* Stubbornness ; to speak with mildness to a bad child, and use synapisms on him during sleep, and the method of metastasis, spoken of in therapeutics ; also, the rod on the inferior bade gives wisdom to unfeeling children,— Prov. x. IS ; xxix. 15, 17. War is a rod of Providence by the 'law of existence., but to be remedied by good behavior. § 17. Benevolence, p. 77. — Defect; Hardheartedness, cured by rubbing the or-> gan as before, and stimulating the sense of beneficence or charity, which is an evidence of the love of God.— Abuse : Simpleheartedness to the undeserving, cured by metastasis, or stimulating the neighboring organs, so as to modify the action of benevolence to right purposes. § 13. Venerativeness, p. 77.— Defect ; Impiety, cured by rubbing the organ as before, and stimulating the sense of religion and worship by reason and feelings, and the habit and consent of mankind, and the good we derive as fellow- creatures, from a universal and harmonious feeling towards God, in the various religious organizations, 'and in view of our dependence on Him, our pilgrimage upon earth, our immortality after death, and the necessity of honoring pa- rents, and being submissive to them ; as political liberty is not made for mi- nors. — Abuse /"Superstition, idolatry; worshipping everything or person from, whom we derive a temporal good ; attaching importance to formal practice. — Treatment ; Heading books on the counterpart, so as to understand how to wor- ship God in spirit and in truth.— John, iv. 23. Superstition is a feeling thai does not reason, but when it comes to reason, it takes the name of fanaticism; and belongs to marvcllousness, § 10, and the intellectual faculties. § 19. Marvellousness. — Defect ; Incredulity, cured by rubbing the organ as be fore, and stimulating the sense of belief or faith as a harbor against adversity, oi a guide or a post to stick to, or a center of action to refer to, for our hape, § 20. Faith in God or faith in Christ, or in a pastor, or a physician, will restore out spiritual and our physical health, r and destroy all attempt to jeopardise, by unbe- lief, our future life.— Abuse ; Credulity. The treatment is to 'employ the sys- tem of metastasis, by stimulating some close organ, and carrying the proximate feeling of belief on it,— and principally the intellectual faculties, for the cultiva- tion of science and arts. § 20. Expectativeness.— Defect ; Despair— which is the cause of suicide, and comes from the want of religious belief and moral courage; and suicide is the delirium of the love of self,' which has no courage to bear adversity, defeat, or shame. Men more than women ; lunatics and epileptics, and literary men; the atrabilary temperament are more apt to it. The spleen of the English is a varie- ty, as it becomes sick by a sedentary habit. The treatment consists in contain- ing the patient when it is dangerous to let him free ; to make him drink a pound of "fresh water every hour ; and if lie remains pensive and taciturn, to water his forehead, his temples, and his eyes, till he becomes more alive, wrapping his feet with warm flannel. Apply a large blister or a seton on the part of the hy- pocondriac regions, where the heat is usually stronger. This revulsive remedy will succeed when the disease has its seat in the abdomen. In cases more fre- quent, when the brain is effected, we must join some medicinal and moral reme- dies to act directly on the brain : good air, a pleasant home, smiling pictures, distractions, and exercises of all kinds, and the necessity of attending to some occupation; and at last to get the confidence of the patient.-^ use ; Visionary speculations. The treatment consists in showing the futility of speculations and building castles in the air. The nervous system is so much exalted in the moral faculties that it wants to be quieted and regulated by the intellectual fa- culties, reasoning and cultivating the fine arts to spend the action of hope upon, and to keep a cool and light diet, abstaining from all stimulants, and turning the hope towards celestial things, by fasting and submission to the will of God. Article 11. — Diseases of the intellectual faculties. These faculties, or the understanding, express reason, that guides or gives the light. They are the legislative goveT-ument of man, and belong to the ab- sorbing action, whilst the affective faculties, or the Will that wants to act, is the executive, that follows reason, and belongs to the expansive action. The understanding is a harmonious series of electrical impressions, that came at first from the' external world, a determined regularity of forms and features of spiritual truths, and of their relations mathematically or harmoniously arranged in electrical atoms, and is like the male electrical molecule, p. 5, that gives the form to trees and to all vegetables; whereas the female molecule gives the DISEASES OE THE SOUL." 95 growth to fill it up, and symbolises the affective faculties. So, also, js the conception of a child in the woman— the man represents the extremity of the form, and the woman the growing towards the filling up of that form. What is right and wrong, what is true and false/ and what is beautiful and iigly, are left to the judgment of conscience. We are then responsible only before God for religious opinions and charity, and before men for the observance of social duties, as regards justice and equity. So that any error comes from the perception, but the sin lays in the affective faculties resisting the perception or conscience of it. — Involuntary error of the understanding, in creeds, is excus- able before God, our creator, according to all theologians, as regards our salva- tion, as every Christian (practicing charity) sect takes the right to declare to have a sufficient knowledge of the dogmas of true religion, whilst they unjustly deny to each other that right. As no sect has a right to be a judge of the other, and as we all agree on the practice of Christian charity, it follows that all theo- logians have to acknowledge that the religious forms and creeds are left to the judgment and choice of men, according to education and circumstances ; and that the Lord will glorify us not from the opinions of the understanding, but from the use we have made of those opinions in establishing peace and love among our fellowmen, because then we will discover the fundamental doctrines, or be inspired about them by the only spirit of mutual charity. — Matt. xxv. 35. Every individual capacity has also a defect and an abuse ; but neither the defect nor the abuse is a sin by itself, nor a passion, still both are diseases more or less. The treatment of a defect consists in rubbing the organ as before, with the hand or aromatic substance, and stimulating the desires, for observation and percep- tion of the object, art or science in question, by pictures, actions, and encour- agement. The treatment of an abuse consists in inspiring a desire for the per- ception and observation of a different object, art, or science, stimulating that new object or faculty, in order to forget the abused one. There are only two sorts of abuses or diseases : the abuses of the fine arts, which we call mania, which lead to folly, and the abuses of sciences and of reasoning, which we call fanaticism. The general treatment consists in examining if the pulse is weak on both wrists, and there may be weakness in the judgment or other faculties ; then a foot bath may suffice ; and if it does not reestablish the pulse, we must act as in the affections of the medullary substance, by putting sinapisms or heating substances on the legs, and cooling substances on the head. We have to treat such a patient as if he was insane. As too much study alters and deranges the constitution of man, and especially his brain. The organs most liable to mania are configuration for drawing, measure, weight, and number for mathe- matics, coloring for painting, order, music, time, individuality, eventuality, and locality for study. The mania of collections belongs to acquisitiveness and ven- eration with any of the perspective organs. The organs which belong to fanati- cism are ideality, comparison, causality, philosophism, imitation, wit, and both languages. The intellectual faculties, in an excited state, degenerate into dis- traction, monomania, and folly, and in a torpid state into absence, dementia, stupidity, brutishness, and for both, intellectual death. Fanaticism is the exal- tation of the nervous system on the faculties of reflection by an excessive admi- ration and party spirit for some sciences, or arts, or opinions. There is an artistic fanaticism, a political fanaticism, and a religious fanaticism, which have de- stroyed the world by disputes and wars for want of Christian tolerance. Insan- ity is not easily recognized, outwardly, except in the irregularity of the fea- tures and the state of the eyes, their staring in a dull manner, moving irregularly, weak emission of electricity, a difficulty to fix the e} r es on some object. ■The intellectual faculties, and principally memory, can be excited by animal magnetism and by stimulants, and may be disturbed by exaltation of the cere- bra? functions. They may diminish in inflammation, by softening or hardening of the brain. Diminution of the faculties indicates cerebral inflammation, diz- ziness, softening of the brain, apoplexy in nervous fcver3 ; or with a florid, scrofu- lous and rachitic children, we have smartness and witticism. The above treat* ment for defect and abuse is to be followed. CHAPTER II. Medical Somatology :■ The analysis of the diseases the soul has led us to view the diseases of the body as having relation to the nervous system, and may all be called nevrose ; and as diseases are all felt more or less in. the brain, if we can impress the brain with photographs of good ideas of faith and hope, by physical remedies, mag- netism, or otherwise, we will cure the brain or the soul, which will force the cir- culation and excite the nerves of the body. The soul will master and cure its body, which will find no time to be sick. We will, therefore, occupy ourselves With the head especially, and have two articles : Semeiology and Therapeutics. 96 MEDICAL SOMATOLOGY. article 1. — Semeiology. Semeioloay is the science of symptoms and signs, which contribute to tho diagnosis of diseases. § 1. The face. — There is a contractility or an expansion of the tissues ; in grief, the muscles contract, the skin is wrinkled, emaciation comes. Sympathy, or tender emotion, sends the arterial or living blood by expansion ; antipathy. Or sad emotion, contracts, and thus the venous blood runs in its place, and causes a languid circulation and pale tissues. In inflammatory fevers and in- tense phlegmasia, the face is more animated, exalted, and expanded. The contraction of muscles is fixed in tetanos with great stiffness. An accidental in- termittence of exaltation and diminution of contractility is observed in catal- epsy and ecstacy, the eyes remain open or shut. In paralisy of the face, there is distortion. The diminution of contractility is marked in adynamic dis- eases by the diminution of circulation and leave on the face an air of stupor or dejection. The perversion of contractility in motion, is seen in nerv- ous diseases, in ataxic fevers, mania, hysteria, epilepsy, convulsions. Tho color of the face may be lively red, deep livid red, leaden, pale, Tor discolored, yellow, or of green taint. The circulation of the blood gives the degree of vital force, and is in proportion to sensibility, heat, and the pulse. The red cuior of the face announces in continual fevers, cephalalgia, or violent affections of the brain, or lancinating and heavy headache ; and with a wild countenance, it is a bad sign, and shows hemorrhagy in the nose ; contraction of the forehead may indicate delirium. The deep red, livid leaden color, with weak pulse, shows the abatement of vital force and of the lungs. In peripneumonia, a lively red on the face, one single side of the lungs being effected, is expressed on the same side of the cheek. Scrofulous children have peculiar whiteness of the skin, full face, big lips, chaps of the superior lips, redness of the nose, the bleardness of the eyes, the square angles of the inferior jaw. Discoloration is the prompt effect of a sud- den impression ; a wan color is a sign of weak health, and is found among seden- tary persons. Paleness is the sign of the abatement of forces. In gastric and bilious affections, the lips, the sides of the nose, and the eyebrows, are yellow or greenish. In chlorosis and icterus, the face is yellowish, wax color, but the conjunctive of the eye preserves its whiteness. § 2. The organs. 1. The eyes, p. 5(5, etc. Examine the eyes on the eve and during sleep. The eyelids present alterations in their motions, their color and volume ; they are heavy or too much shut, or not shut enough. In ataxic fevers, the eyelids imperfectly shut during sleep, is a sign of worms ; they follow the same interpretation as the face. At the end of diseases, the eyelids are covered with powder, Often, in scrofulous ophthalmia, the lids come off by inflamma- tion. In coryza, the eyes are watery, with heaviness and swelling of the eye- lids, and sometimes dry. The motions of the eyes are accelerated in inflamma- tory fevers and phlegmasia, bold, audacious in violent desires and in phrensy. The eyes partake of the force of circulation like the skin, thus : in adynamic or slow fevers, the eves look dull : strabismus, or a distortion of a muscle of the eye may happen, the latter can be cut. The fixedness of the globe is a sign of delirium during fevers ; in inflammatory or cerebral fevers, the eyes project, as also in hysteria, epilepsy, and hydrocephalus. The sclerotic is clear in youth, and more opaque in old age. Still the sclerotic is more whitish in scrofula ; in consumption, or gastric disorders, it is yellow. The pupil dilates or contracts according as the iris extends or shrinks by the impressions of luminous rays on the retina. In ataxic cerebral fevers, the pupil is dilated often, and loses its contractility before light. It is a bad sign— but it is not so dangerous in sopor- ous affections, which follow a spasm of epilepsy or small-pox— also in verminous affections in gastritis ; in old men it precedes amaurosis ; but it dilates in apo- plexy, etc. The pupil contracts in several acute diseases, in inflammation of the train, and retina in narcotism. It is a bad sign when the eyelids remain con- stantly shut against the light. The pupil must readily contract in passing from darkness to light, and readily expand from light to darkness. 2. The forehead. The heat of it is a sign of fever in children. In abatement the skin is hard and dry, and sometimes has a cold sweat. Pimples on the fore- head and temples, are signs of continency in youth— but they are a sign of dis- orders in the viscera. In old syphilis, pimples, or sores are found near the hair, and more numerous towards the temples, with pains in the bones at the coronal region, when the eruption disappears. The excavation of the temples and wrinkles come from phthisis ;mlmonaris, marasmus, excessive fatigue. 3. The nose, a little distorted, coming from acute affection, is a bad sign during the disease; that affection may be a sign of convulsion, and may lead to death. Tho frequent, rigid, and convulsive motions of the sides of the nose shows a labo rious breathing, a violent inflammation of the lungs, a grave spasmodic state or the extinction of forces. A sore in the nose, like itching, is a sign of w T orms, DISEASES OF THE BODY. 97 and sometimes of delirium. The nose swells in scrofula and erysipela ; it be- comes thin and sharp in pulmonary phthysis. 4. The mouth, p. 57, by its firm closeness or crookedness, shows spasms, in the brain and the ganglions ; the lips are hanging, scattered, and abandoned, in adynamic fevers ; in gastritis a trembling and falling down of the inferior lip is Been in opium caters' and smokers; and'the superior withdrawn or retreating, with other bad signs, lead to fatal disease. The surgeon und dentist have a pe- culiar stiff contracted under lip. The tongue is pale in cholera, catarrhs, etc. p. 09. §3. Pains. All pains are irritations, from the disturbance of electrical currents, hence anxiety, want of rest, continual motions, and at last fever. The pain may he tensive in inflammation, heavy in swelling, lancinating or nervous, burning in malignant diseases, and prurigiuous in itching. We will speak only of the pain in the head. There are two kind? the external and the internal. The exter- nal, which is increased by touch, and is mostly of a rheumatic, gouty, or syphil- tic origin, or eresypelas in the head, Inflammation of the pericranium, and" even caries, in consumption it is an unfavorable sign. The internal pain is a sign of irritation, inflammation, suppuration, softening, medullary sarcoma of the brain and its membranes. It happens after a number of acute diseases, also in catarrhs after the suppression of hemorrhages and cutaneous eruptions, etc. If the pain is spread over the entire head, it is' the cause of a nervous disease, and sometimes typhus. Pain in the forehead, if it is not from catarrh, inflamma- tion or caries, indicates inflammation of the cerebral membranes and congestion in consequence of intestinal or hepatic diseases. In other diseases the frontal pain comes from gastric disturbance. Pain in the orbital regions is caused by inflammation of the cerebrum in hydrocephaly, In general the best remedy to all the pains in the head, transient, chronic^ or acute, is cold applications or sedatives on the head, with hot foot baths, as well as the stimulant medicines for the stomach and bowels ; if those fail, employ the method of metastasis from head to foot : that is the application of heating cataplams with sinapisms on the legs, and at the same time the application of some narcotico aromatic on the head in the form of a muslin cap impregnated with it ; for inst. : populeum 36 drains, essential oil of fine lavender 20 drops, and 1 drop of es3. oil of roses. Some potion may be administered to the stomach, as : peppermint 9 drams, dis- tilled water of lettuce, 6% drams, and diacodium syrup 18 drams, a few drops in water. Pains in the cerebellum may come from the abuse of amativeness : take cold bath, and sleep on the right side. Pains caused by inflammation of tissues are more dangerous than the nervous or spasmodic pains. The inflam- mation is seen by the heat, red urine, frequent and hard puke, thirst, lesion of functions, external redness and swellings, whereas the nervous pain has not those signs, but has the urine watery, clear, and little. Pain in the nape is generally a sign of fever or hemorrhages, etc. article II. — Therapeutics. Therapeutics is the art of curing diseases. The cause of diseases is a non- equilibrium of action ; or an increase or a diminution of action between the systole and diastole, absorption and expansion, attraction and repulsion, posi- tive and negative action of the functions of the body, (see p. 23, note). The five sensitive organs absorb the external elements, which produce impressions and irritations at every exercise of the cerebral organs. Then comes the elaboration into sensations more or less active, (according to the kind of constitution or tem- perament,) of those impressions, which we call the electrical secreting power of the organism, the vis medicatrix naturae, which attracts electricity, and then excretion takes place as a necessary reaction, and produces expansion of the blood from the centre to the surface of the body, and there composes the physiognomy of man. The Pineal gland secretes the whole organism, and excretes the finest electricity which comes in contact with the soul, in a world infinitely small of powerful electrical beings. So, the cause or diseases comes from the external elements first : vitiated air in the lungs, bad food and drink in the stomach, bad taste in the mouth, bad sceneries in the eyes, bad sounds in the ears, bad smell in the nose, cold winds, dampness and blows on the flesh, emotions in the brain, and concupiscence or too much love desires or actions. Now too little use of our inward faculties or of our external senses in eating, dr nking, seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching and enjoying pleasure, di- minishes their action and their tendency to act, produces too much absorption of the external objects, too much contraction of the nerves and of the circula- tion, and too much heat, till it comes to inflamatory explosion; too much is re- ceived in and retained, and not enough is returned or given off in proportion; hence positive diseases such as; concentrated and oppressive passions, fevers, apoplexy, lunacy etc. they are cured by negative remedies. — on the other side, too much use of our faculties and senses, increases their actions and play of the d d of the circulation, and produces too much expansion, too much loss of heat, till it comes to wear cut the nerves and faculties. Not enough is re- ceived from outside or retained, and too much is all the time given off, till exhaustion takes place, hence negative deseases, such as liability to catch cold, or to lose heat, emaciation, asthma, consumption, catarrh, deafness, diarrhea, 98 MKDICAL SOMATOLOGY. cholera, dropsy, diabetes, palsy, heart and bilious diseases, profase menses torpidity, and dropsy ; they are cured by positive remedies. The action of dis- eases begins with a cold stage, alternating with the heat of irritation on the nerves more or less felt ; it is called the nervous stage. We breathe the electri- city along with air in the lungs in due quantity, then electrity is also absorbed by the skin, and especially by a natural conductor, dampness. Those two elec- tricities produce, at the point where they meet each other, an impression to move the organs ; but the latter electricity is always attracted to the hottest point, that is to the accumulated caloric, and produces irritation, with a super- fluous electrical fluid, which is the catching of cold, and which must be excelled from the system by sweating or exercise : otherwise it will turn either inflamma- tory or torpid, and will produce the organic stage or second stage, by which the tissues and functions of the organs will become diseased. A disease may be either acute when the disease is intense, and wants a speedy removal, or chronic when, being cured on the nervous stage, the tissues are not suflicientlycured, or vice versa, and the disease continues mildly. The means of cure are hygiene, medication and special therapeutics. § 1.— Hygiene is the art of preserving spiritual and corporeal health. The ali- ments contain electricity in plus or minus, and a variable quantity of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, magnesia, lime, sulphur, potassium, phosphorus, iron, iode, etc., and must be chosen according to the taste of the stomach, which shows what same substances are lacking in the human body to repair the waist, p. 8. The aliments may be acid, alkaline, acrimonious or aromatic, viscous or gelatinous, watery, oily or fatty, and saline. The acid aliments are the fruits, sorrel, fermented" bread, milk, vinegar, lemon, etc., they increase or thicken the humors, moderate the heat, and prevent expansion ; soureness is felt in the stomach. Alkaline aliments : cabbage, onions, radishes, cresses, asparagus, all flesh of animals which introduce sulphur and cure acidity; their excess produces fever3, nidorous crudities in the stomach, thirst, disgust of food, cured by acids or diluents, tamarind, or rhubarb. Acrimonious aliments or spicy : thyme, mus- tard,garlic,etc, increase perspiration, but lead to phthisy. Viscous orgalatinous; pea, rice, barley, wheat, fish, veal, lamb, thicken the humors, and diminish the excretions. Watery aliments, light broth, tea infusions, dilute the humors, facilitate the secretions, their excess blunts the mucuous tissue of the stomach, occasions slime, weakens the nerves, and leads to palsy. Fatty aliments : butter, oil, fat meat, cure the rigidity of fibres, establish harmony between the solids and the liquids, their excess corrupts the bile,and causes burning sen- sations. Saline aliments attenuate viscosity, but their excess produces scurvy by indigestion and a nasty skin ; liquors must be avoided and water only used. Besides the choice of aliments, there are rules to observe : take gymnastic ex- ercises with the dumb bell or a flat iron. Saw a large piece of wood; breathe long inspirations and expirations, by expanding your chest and lungs for five minutes at a time ; take lon^ walks or run a little. Be temperate and abstain from liquors, drink water which feeds you with electricity. Stuff a cold, by warm eating and dress. Starve a fever, by fasting and abstinence. That your body be covered with equal thickness all over to the neck; be mild, active and joyful, making the best of everything ; take foot baths in the evening if you have been exposed to cold and dampness. Have a regular business and sleep S hours, avoid sweating so that the circulation may be equalized, and force out rheuma- tic affections ; drink tar water to live long. Masticate your food well. § 2. Medication. No exclusive system of Medicine. Human Magnetism stands at the head of systems, p. 11. But" a regular physician is eclectic in systems, and will use them all as suits best. The Homoeopathic system is spoken of, page 23. and does well with magnetism. Now from the Hydropathic system we extract the following : Water drunk regu- larly will prevent apoplexy convulsions, gout, hysteric fits, palsy, stone ; and in the fit, the patient must drink it and lay down on his back. Cold bathing cures rickets, convulsions and want of sleep in children, suppression of urine, gravel, coagulation of blood after bruises, relieves inflammations of the skin or month, and will cure nervous and paralytic disordei'3. In fainting, water spread on the face attracts electricity and revives the system. The use of water will prevent asthma, rheumatisms, incubus and all colds. The rubbing with snow and very cold water in rheumatism, and drying the body covering it with flannel will cure. Fasting spittle applied outwardly will relieve or cure cuts, redness of the eyelids, scorbutic sores and warts ; taken inwardly, it has an effect on negative diseases. Electricity can be combined with water and produce curative results ; if applied properly, it will cure the diseases of the nervous system. Drinking: of tar water, or a pint of water with 3 or more drops of sulphuric acid in it will prevent the body from sweating and wasting too fast, so as to re-establish the equilibrium of the system, and thus cure rheumatism. Attend to the pulse, p. 25, 52. DISEASES OF THE BODT. 99 Before continuing to speak of the other systems of medicine, wo will state that at page 23 and at tli 3 end of page 97, we have divided all diseases into electro-positive and electro-negative, although borne are more or less so, and consequently we made the same division for the remedies. An electro-positive disease contains an increase of heat, by too much absorption of the external elements and too much contraction and se- cretion; it is acute and inflammatory, and it is cured by electro- negative reined: es. However the rule is that when a fever or an in- flamation is subdued by negative remedies, the resulting exhaustion of the bodv becomes negative and wants positive remedies. An electro-negative disease is a want of sufficient heat and secre- tion to resist against the element?, hence catching cold; it is called chronic, it wears out the body by too much expansion and excretion of the organs: it is cured by electro-positive remedies. Among the various systems of medicine, we will explain 7 of them. 1- Animal or Human Magnetism. We have spoken of it enough ab pages 11, 12, etc. We have produced, with success since 1838, the mag- netic sleep, the clairvoyance, occasionally, and better than that, the curative effect either by sleep or by the imposition of hands ; for, the fingers have the same capacity of withdrawing the electricity from the body or of communicating it, like the recognized power of the points in lightning, or Perkin's tractors with large needles. We will quote only a few of our cures. In 1841, we cured the fingers of a lady at Camden near Philadelphia in a few minutes by the imposition of hands; her hand had become stiff for several months, and she was surprised as much as if it had been a miracle. In 1861, a young man felt a severe pain in the side^we had prescribed some remedies for rubbiug the side, and another for his bowels, but we thought of trying our vital and electical influence over him, and we cured him within five minutes to his great astonishment,, so that, he had no more need of medicine. In 18G8, we cured a boy nine years of age who was laying motion- less, in a state of Tetanos We opened his mouth, made his limbs fold, piece by piece, and in two operations made him walk. Those cases are enough for proof, for we would have a good many to cite, in the cure of headaches, slight cases of paralisis, pain every- where in the body, and we have cured also with the aid of electro- magnetism and of medicines. We will give now the manner of finding out the kind of disease, "whether chronic or inflammatory of the serous membrane or serous sur- faces, organs or limbs. Press with the thumb upon every space be- tween each vertebra of the spinal column, thus : on the sides of the first cervical vertebra, to find symptoms of tubercula of the Head, Cere- bellum, of the Brain, Throat, Nose, Eyes or Ears. — On the s'des of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cervical, tubercula of the muscles, (Rheumatism) or the vertebra, or of the joints of the limbs, white swellings, etc. — between 6 and 7 Pleura costalis. — between 7 cervical and 1 dorsal, the Lungs, and on the left side of the same Space, 'he Heart, — between 1 and 2 dorsal, the Stomach, — between 2 and 3, the Djodenum, — between 3 and 4, the Colon, — between 4 and 5, the Pancreas, — between 6 and 7, the Omentum, — on the right side between 7 and 8, the Liver, and on the left the Spleen; — between 8 and 9, the Diaphragm; — between 9 and 10, the Peritoneum ; on the space between 11 and 12 dorsal, the small intes- tines — between 12 dorsal and first lumber, the Kidneys ; — between 1 100 MEDICAL SOMATOLOGY. and 4, the TIterus, Ovaria, Prostate gland, Testes, etc. — between 4 lum- bar and 5 or os Goccygls, the Vagina. Now, in acute diseases, the pain is felt without pressure ; not so with chronic diseases ; so if the disease is in active state, the pain pro- duced by the pressure will dart into the diseased organ with violence proportioned to the intensity of the disease, but, if it ia in a passive state, pressure produces pain in the spine only more or less severe ; •the limbs must also be examined and judged by pressure. \ 2. Electro-magnetism, see pages 7 and 23. Besides the above ^method of detecting disease, we can also, with the electro-magnetic ma- * chine, find out where the disease is located, on account of the electric or nervous interruption, negative or positive produced by it. Thus; let the positive handle of the machine be placed on the Spinal column, or to the seat of the nerves of the Spinal chord, and pass the negative handle over the different parts of the body, in the vicinity of the spot where the positive handle is held on the Spine, or rather over the parts to which the ramifications of those nerves extend. Where any sensation of soreness is felt at the electric current, there is an inflammatory disease. If nothing is felt but the ordinary con- traction produced by the electric passage, there is no inflamation, but if nothing is felt at all, even with a strong power, it is a case of paral- sis. In a healthy state, one will agreeably feel the electric current of a moderate intensity. The electro-magnetic machines in use are rather feeble in the quan- tity of electricity, but they are powerful in intensity, for penetrating and darting. They may be used in some positive diseases, but they must be used in all negative diseases. The rule is, to always put the negative handle to the weakest part of the body, and the positive han- dle above it or on the opposite side of the body, and in all cases of soreness, inflammations or swellings, put the negative handle some dis- below the place, and the positive handle on or above the place; continue the treatment from 20 to 30 minutes, and during that time the positive pole should be frequenly passed over the place, but the negative pole may remain in one place ; and in passing a current lengthways through the body, the positive handle should be put above and the negative be- low, even to the feet. An operator of great vital power, if he has failed with human magnetism on his patient, ought to add Ins magnetic influ- ence to the electro-magnetic process by taking hold of the positive handle and promenading the other hand on the Spinal column of the patient, who holds,the negative handle on the diseased part. In deli- cate cases of the eyes, the head, etc., let the patient take hold of the positive pole, with his left hand, then the operator will, with his left hand, take hold sometimes of the right hand of the patient or make passes over the Spinal column or over the eyes, or the head of the pa- tient, whilst he holds the negative handle in the other hand. Always use the Direct current in preference to the induotive, except when di- rected otherwise by the case. We can also magnetize some medicines or render any substance positive or negative, as the case may be, with the machine; also we can introduce any medicine in. the body of a pa- tient, by means of the machine, without passing it through the mouth; at last we can magnetize with our hands any substance, water, for in- stance, and make it be imbibed with our vital substance, to give to a patient for a drink. 3. The treatment by Castor oil, used by a medical author of Switzer- land, i^ thus: It is taken in half a cup of broth or water, coffee or camomile tea, or with the yolk of an egg diluted in warm water. In DISEASES OF THE BODY. " 101 positive diseases it is given to adults by half an ounce or a table spoon- ful, as a purgative. If it does not operate, the dose is repeated every three hours until a passage is obtained; still in the intervals, the patient may take a tea-spoonful of cream-of-tartar and 6 grains of nitre in a tumbler of water sweetened with sugar. In negative diseases, a table-spoonful or half an ounce in the morn- ing is sufficient, and no more. Old people and children from 1 to 3 years of age, and those who are weak, must only take a tea-spoonful or a quarter of an ounce — as to infants, an ounce of oil with an ounce of gum arabic syrup well mixed and shaken in a bottle, may be adminis- tered by teaspoonful every half hour till it operates. In general when you take the Castor oil one day, you alternate on the next day with warm footbath before going to bed, and if the oil s' -ould be rancid, or if there was any pain in the bowels, put one drop of laudanum in the dose. For a pugative injection, Sulphate of magnesia, 2 drams, nitrate of potassia 10 grains, Stibial tartar 1 grain ; for an internal medicine, Cream-of-tartar with 6 grains of nitre in a tumbler of sweetened water. For a Sinapism 2 yeast cakes 2 drams, pulverized mustard 2 drams, common salt 2 drams, stibial tartar 10 grains, vinegar as strong as you can, to make a paste of the whole for two Sinapisms. For an injec- tion, a decoction of mallows and flax-seed 4. The use of brandy and salt, originated in England. It is a seda- • tive medicine for lotions and liniments. In serious negative diseases, it may be taken in the stomach. To one quart of the best French. Brandy (no other!) add 5 ounces of salt; cork and shake well together, "When mixed, let the salt settle to the bottom ; and remain 20 minutes, and be particular to use it when clear, the clearer the better; when all the brandy is used off, add more to the salt. The directions are thus: abstain from intoxicating drinks. The Bowels must be kept open with some medicine ; for instance, dissolve 4 ounces of Epsom salts in half a pint of hot water; then add half a pint of cold water and one teaspoon- ful of the essence of peppermint; take a wine-glass full when required, on going to bed. For the stomach, the dose of the salted brandy is one tablespoonful mixed in three times the quantity of hot water, an hour befGre breakfast, and increase it to two, if the Stomach can bear it and as hot as possible, except in cases of worms and paralytic attacks, when it must be taken pure. Children from 2 to 10 years will take one half the quantity. For the rubbing of the head, it should be done so all over, from the back to the front, after the hair has been very wet with the remedy pure, for 10 or 15 minutes before going to bed, and the head should be covered with a cap. For pains in any part of the body, except the head, bind the parts affected with linen saturated with the remedy. 5, The Raspail's method by Camphor, Ammonia and alose — there are too many drugs and appliances prescribed, it leads to too much sensibil- ity of the nervous system, and we give only what we recommend the best in that system. His sedative or alkaline baths : 2 ounces of ammonia saturated w T ith camphor, grey or kitchen salt 5 pounds in 2 or 3 pails of water, with 1 or 2 red hot shovels; that answers for fevers, ihumatisms, diseases of the Spine, of the Liver, of the Bladder, Cramps, Apoplexy, drunkenness, etc. His quadruple water or zinc water, salted, alcsetized and tarred — f^r a coliyrium to the eyes, injection in the ears, in the genital organs, washing of ulcers and mercurial affections: Sulfate of zinc 3 scruples, kitchen salt, 6 drams, 25 grains, Tar, 2 drams and alose 1 grains, in 102 MEDICAL SO MATOICGY. in a quart of boiling water, after five minutes, strain it through a piece of linen, and keep it in a bottle. In serious diseases of the skin, ulcers, fistulas, etc., the same above substances may be doubly increased, with the addition of camphorated alcohol 7 drams. 2 scruples, 3 grains. His sedative water is the best preparation for rubbing on every pain. Liquid ammonia: 33, 6 to 56, 4 drams, according to the seventy of the disease; 5, 6 drams of camphorated alcohol, 16, 8 drams of grey or common salt, and one quart of water. It is good against fevers, in- flammations of tissues, take rain water in preference for mercurial dis- ease; the strongest is good for a rough skin or in serious cases. His camphorated alcohol or brandy, must be used with knowledge in atony and prostration ; camphor cigars are good in several affections of the throat, and bronchitis and his camphorated pomatum on the head and on the bowels, follows the use of sedative water. 6. The homcepathic system answers very well in all chronic dis- eases, on account of the vis medicatrix natures, but would be doubtful in inflammatory diseases, if it was not for the benefit derived by hygienic prescriptions; although they say: Similia Similibus Curantur, it happens that the Contraria Contratriis Curantur takes place in (for instance) the positive electricity of disease, having to be cured by negative sub- stances in the hygienic diet. The decomposition of medicine in the stomach, and their acton on the seat of disease, produce a reaction ac- cording to the rules of electricity, and is therefore a contrary, p. 23. 7, Acupuncture or the new system of it by Baunscluidt, consists in the lancing of needles into the skin, to act as a counter-irritant, and to bring the pain to the lanced surface, as by a blister, and thus to make it come out by that outlet; it is good in inflammation of the sympa- thetic organs. 8 The cure by the Will is half the cure, see for it § 5, page 14. § 2 Special Therapeutics ot Positive and Negative Diseases. "We have already suggested that the division of diseases and of remedies into positive and negative, could not admit of perfeot limits between each ones, on account of the variability in the decompositions and reactions, and therefore some aliments or medicines, mentioned among the positive, will be found to serve also for the negative, et vice-versa We shall have 3 Sections. 1. Electro-positive remedies, 2. negative remedies, and 3. rules of Hygiene for the convalescents. 1. Electro-positive remedies for the cure of negative diseases. They are substances that produce and increase heat in the human body, such as — Stimulants, and tonics procured by human and electro- magnetism, or by Spirituous and fermented liquors, cold and heavy air, etc. — Anti-acids or alkaline substances or absorbants ; All animal, flesh, roast venison, fishes, eggs, cabbage, asparagus, parsley, cele- ry, leeks, garlick, onions, lettuce, carrots, turnips, parsnips, nuts from the walnut tree, hazelnuts, chestnuts, almonds, pure water. The roots of gentian, rhubarb, tansey, camomile, colocynth, alose, myrrh, soap, hartshorn (spirits or pulverized), ammonia, salts of nitre, of Sedlitz, of tartar and of Rochelle, chalk, iron, worm-wood, magnesia, soda, etc. — Resolvent substances which dissolve the thick, viscous and glutinous matters; all kinds of spices, cinnamon, nutmeg, pepper, mace, cloves and the best, singer ; they are good for phlegmatic constitutions, but not for the melancholic; vegetables used in seasouing, thyme, marjo- ram, rosemary, milk, peels of orange and of lemon, fennel, chervil and sage. — Substances that produce resolution and attenuation of humors and of solids, fatty substances, all volatile salts and oils, sugar, ruanm, honey, mustard, garlick, oinions, horseradish, cresses, all spices.— Any DISEASES OF THE EODY. 103 thing that stimulates or accelerates the circulation of the blood like fric- tions, Laths, compresses by ligature, sneezing, coughing, laughing, and moving or exercise. — All substances Yielding more oxygen and nitro- gen. See hygiene, page 93. Ailnitrogenized fooctthat form the blood, the fat and the organized tissues, (; lie plastic elements of nutrition and growth) librine. albumen, caseine, flesh and blood. — All electric bodies, which being non-conductors of electricity.evince it by friction and which may be used for food or for covering to prevent expansion such as brimstone, resin, gums, gun cotton, glass, bituminous substances, silk, fur, hair, wool, feathers, paper, turpentine, oils, all dry gases, atmos- pheric air, steam of high elasticity, ice at Farenheit,-— Also the fol- lowing vegetables ; bark of trees in general, of slippery elm, cod-liver oil, laurel, pearl ash, penny-royal, peppermint, peruvian bark, potassium, quinine. — The most positive metals which act as electrics to keep electric- ity, such as in order: zinc, the most, then lead, tin, antimony, iron. — At last almost all salts are stimulants, as they contain alkalies and acids, they are sedative and answer also in negative diseases and remedies. 2. Electro-negative remedies for the cure of positive diseases. They are substances that diminish the internal heat and produce cold in the blood by dispersing the heat, such as : All diluents that weaken stimulants, water being at the head, or the hydropathic system in gen- eral. Water is the best conductor of electricity when warm. See page 93. " medication," It is used as a drink, as shower bath, head bath, seat bath, steam or vapor bath, and in a wet sheet pack. All acids, fruits, wines containing tartar, vinegar, sour milk, whey, sorrel, farinaceous substances which become sour by decomposition,*— Sub- stances that diminish the acrimony, as oils of nuts or almonds, emul- sions of barley, of oats, decoction of farinaceous vegetables. — Refrig- erant, laxative and lenitive, good for the liver, the bowels, the chest and lungs : Strawberries, ripe cheries, sweet oranges, lemons, apples, pears, peaches, plumbs, mulberries^ apricots, gooseberries, grapes, rigs, melons, bananas, the juice of those fruits with water or in a jelly, is good against fevers, and open the bowels. Also, cabbage, lettuce, chiccory, dandelion, spinage, beets, carrots, parsnips, salsify,barley.rice, wheat oats, peas, beans, kidney beans, (the two last cau?e winds), ani- mal oils, cream, butter, marrow, whey, decoction of farinaceous sub- stances, as panadces; chicken, veal, lamb, milk, gum arabic, sweet al- monds, dates, roots of liquorice, and rhubarb preparations for the bowels. — Astringents that are good to stop hemorrages and all kinds of bleeding: quinces, pomegranates, medlars, the fruit of the barberry tree, save cherries, sorrel in the (spitting of blood), tamarind, purslane, burnet. — Substances, pickled with salt and vinegar, some sharp wines, and acidulated and iron waters. The leaves of plantain, the grains of rhus, gooseberries. — Sudorifics : Warm water and honey, barley water, frictions ; tepid vapors applied on the skin. Water, vinegar and iioney as employed by Hyppocrates, with a little mace in it. All cordials, spices, elder flower a^.d black teas ; — sweating must not be forced. — Ex- pectorating substances good as pectoral for the chest ; ho&ey, sugar, steam of warm water or of other liquids, all stimulants, sweet oils, de? coction of mild vegetables, emulsion of farinaceous substances, flour, sulphur, sassafras, (see lenitive above) — Antispasmodic or anodynes, or soothing substances on the nerves. Decoction of emollient substances saffron, lettuce, chicory, wines and inflan mables spirits, opium, laudanum, roots and leaves of mallow, of nenuphar, of mandrake, onion, elder flowers, flaxseed, rice flour, bread crumbs, cooked apples, rotten or soft apples, camphor, grease^milk, butter, whey, camphorated 104 MEDICAL SOMATOLOGY. spirit of wine, petroleum, superacetate of lead. — All non-nitrogenized food, which serve for the process of respiration by yielding carbon and hydrogen, the oxydation of which is attended with the development of heat, to expand : th<*r fire all substances that are either acid or producing acidity by decomposition, such as fat, starch, gum, wheat, grain, viscous and gelatinous aliments, cane- sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, wine, beer, spirits, although some may be positive. — All salts which contain acids, alkalies.because they act as altaratives. — Non-electric bodies. that is all conductors of electricity to help expansion and dilatation, such as metals in general, copper the best, then gold, silver, Charcoal, plumbago, acids, saline fluids, water, steam, flame, smoke, animal and vegetable substances, containing moisture. -^-Besides; alum, basswood bark bo- rax, capsicum, castile soap, catnip leaves, chestnut leaves, colocynrh, cream of tartar, epsom salt, gelseminum root, geranium root, Indian hemp leaves, leptandnne, limes, mandrake, molasses, nitre, oak bark, podophyllin, pomegranate, potatoes, sage, saltpetre, sanguinaria cana- densis, slippery elm bark, sulphur, wood. The Wet Sheet Pack is prepared thus : "Wet a clean sheet in col" ter and wring it out loosely, and then spread it on a bed over a blanket and two or three comforters. The patient having drunk large qui i of cool water and evacuated the contents of his- bladder, takes off his clothes and lays down on the wet sheet, the whole of the sheets are wrapped up over him. keeping his feet warm with hot bricks, leaving only the head out : he may remain one hour or a half more in the pack, he may drink more water; when taken out he should be rubbed dry, then put on his clothes and take brisk exercise — no warm remedy in- ternally when taking steam baths. The bowels, apart from the pack, must be acted upon with electro-negative pills or potions composed out of negative substances, such as cream of tartar, Epsom salts, etc . and when the system is depleted, then the disease turns negative, and posi- tive remedies must be used. — When the disease is diffused over the body, give a bath of warm water, vinegar and salt. — For sickness of the stomach, give a small piece of soda or saleratus dissolved in water, with a tablespoonful of sharp vinegar poured into it. and it must be drank immediately, only when it is foaming: — and in rheumatisms, rub the body with ice and cover it with blankets to preserve the perspiration. 3. Rules of Hygiene for the Convalescents. As gluttony and laziness are among the first causes of diseases, it follows that abstinence and exercise are the main remedies ; read the rules Hygiene, at page 98 and those indicated in every temperament at page 25, 26, etc., observe them in the state of health, and combine them with the following, in state of sickness : avoid the use of tobacco in'all forms, chewing especially or if you have been long accustomed to it, use it very sparingly and gradually diminishing, no intoxicating drink?, avoid high seasoned dishes except salt and sugar, avoid smoked meats and fish, pungent vegetables, pastry of all kind drink black tea. no green tea, avoid indulgence to passions, cold or damp air, eat little and never swallow any food that you cannot masticate piece meals, keep your body uniformly clad, and according to season: cover your bosom, keep your feet warm. If you have been affected with a positive (in- flamatory) disease, constipation is the last to cure, use an electro-nega- tive diet, but if there has been exhaustion of the blood diarrhea or prostration remain to be cured, it becomes a negative, (chrome) disease and wants an electro-positive diet. The negative diet stands thus for acute diseases ; to eat farina, sorrel, DISEASES OF THE SOUL AND OP THE BODY. 105 soup, toast water, barley water, gruel soups cooked in water, and a little fresh butter, and even with, some milk, fruits cooked with sugar, principally apples, French prunes, etc., bran bread, indian corn pudding, warm lemonade; when the digestion is easier, eat light and boiled meat; with mealy potatoes, a little chicken, ripe fruits, drink water, and if you are accustomed to French wine, take a little Rhenish wine sweetened in three times the quantity of water, take a regular walk and sawing wood or dumb bell exercise in the open air. — In cases of serious indisposition, use the castor oil treatment. The positive diet stands thus for chronic diseases ; If the patient feels an internal heat, let him drink some warm whey, or veal broth with some herbs in it; warm lemonade; half a pitcher of water with sugar, and 8 or 10 grains of nitrate of potash in it. When the symp- toms are gone, use a light infusion of black tea, of chamomile, or good meat broth, then, when the stomach and bowels are right, eat fresh boiled or roasted meat well done, good potatoes, stewed and ripe fruits, a little fresh wine or good coffee, spicy sauce and a little well seasoned meat; the use of pepper, mustard, salt, horseradish and vinegar will do, CHAPTER III. DICTIONARY OP THE PRINCIPAL DISEASES BOTH OP THE SOUL AXD OP THE BODY. Observe, that the diseases of the soul that is of the mind and of the heart, follow the same division as those of the body, positive and nega- tive. The abuse of an organ is an electro-positive disease or a passion, and the defect of an organ, an electro-negative disease. The diseases of the mind or of the intellectual faculties can be cured by physical rem- edies alone,p. 94, 95, but the diseases of the heart or of the affective faculties, cannot be cured so, without the co-operation of the good will of the sinner, who by prayer, repentance of his conduct, abstemiousness, and confidence in the mercy of God, can receive some energetic inspired impulse for the subduing of his passions, page 17, §7. and at the same time, using the negative remedies, such as cooling and sedative sub- stances, water, acids, cold baths, etc,, and the negative hygiene. The defects or negative diseases must be amended by positive remedies, such as, electricity, magnetism exercise, stimulants for rubbing the or- gans, the head and the spinal column, and for the stomach, etc. plpln the dictionary, the letter P. signifies positive, N. negative, S. B. salted brandy, R. Raspail's method, H. M. human or animal mag- netism, E. M. electro-magnetism, C. 0. castor oil treatment, p. page. The number between two brackets indicates the phrenological order of the organ, and you will find the pages of the organs in the Medico-phreuol- ical chart at the last page. Aescess. P. make a liniment of olive oil, soap in small pieces, onions and yeast in equal quantities, melt the whole in a vessel placed in a boiling water bath, and apply it on apiece of linen on the sore. Salted brandy liniment (S. B.). Ambitiox. P. abuse of self esteem C13J and acquisitiveness [31. Kx- pansion of the arterial blood or attractive desire, remedy p. 93. Axger. ** abuse of combativeness [5], expansion of the venous blood or repelling desire — remedy p. 91. Anxiety. X. The defect of prudence [8] and of hope [20] — remedy p. 91, like fear and p. 94, like despair, cured by a warm diet, ripe fruits, lettuce, honey, apices. APHTHce. P. Take castor oil every other day, alternating every other 106 MEDICAL DIC TIOFABY, day, alternating with warm water bath. — Gargle with a decoction of mallows and elder flowers, acidulated with vinegar, or with pulverized borax and honey. Apoplexy. P. cold water on the head ; or laying down; or a hot foot bath. Lotion of very concentrated sedative water (page 102), on the head. Rub the whole body with it, a cravat of sedative water around the neck. — Application of heat on one part of the spine, and of cold on another. H. M. Asphyxia. N. By drowning : turn the patient down to puke the wa- ter, warm him with hot bricks and fla«nnel soaked in ammonia — rub him all over with camphorated alcohol — and let him inhale it, in- sufflate the air into the lungs, then, borrago tea. — By cold : rub the body with snow in a room where there is no lire, then friction with hot spirits as above. — by carbonic acid: give him air, then cold water and vinegar on his face, avoid it on his eyes, the rest as above. Asthma. N.-H. and B. M. Currents over the breast and throat; movement cure, rubbing, stretching and expanding the chest. Dissolve 4 ounces of saltpetre in a pint of water, in which you soak for a few minutes a loose white paper, or blotting paper where there is no wool fibre, cut the paper into pieces 4 inches square,, and use one at a time, either by burning it and inhaling the vapor in a room or by smok- ing it at the approach of paroxism. — A compress of sedative water un- der the arm pits, then a lotion on the back and loins, frictions with camphorated pomatum on the shoulders and chest. — S. B. Eat garlick, use molases, syrups, etc. Avarice. P. An abuse of acquisitiveness [3], for haording up. It contracts the face and the circulation of fluids, remedy page 90, where you must read thus : The economist is the richest man, and the miser is the poorest man. Baldness, N. Cut the hair off, several times, if there is any; then, use Raspail's sedative water to rub on your head, or zinc water, and next, camphorated pomatum mixed with rum. Bites, Stings. P. Apply the juice of plantain or of various other herbs at once, or a liniment of salted brandy on a piece of linen. Bladder. (Catarrh in). N % Take pills of turpentine, 12 to 14 grains a day, or a scruple of the essential oil in a potion with gum syrup. Bleeding- or Hemorrhagee at the nose. N. Tie a knot in a band- age and apply it on the upper lip, and tie the bandage round the head. — Boll a piece of paper, and press it under the upper lip. — At the lungs. N. Inhalation of very dry persulphate of iron reduced to an impalpable powder; eat quinces, rice. Blindness of the eyes. N. Hum. and electro-magnetism. S. B. Blood. Examine a drop of blood with the microscope, if there are no red globules, the blood is poor, see chlorosis, use a positive diet. "Whatever renders circulation more languihsing than usual, predisposes to acid acrimony. It is cured by alkaline or anti-acid remedies, such as all animal substances, garlick, onions, carrots, turnips, asparagus, horseradish, mustard, cabbage* Whatever renders it more rapid than usual, predisposes to alkaline acrimony, of which putrefaction is the extreme. It is cured by the decoction of farinaceous vegetables, by the use of acids, such as vinegar, acid fruits, oranges, lemons andchlo- rure of sodium (from 1 dram, 17 grains to 2 drams, 1 scruple and 14 grains) in a bowl of broth. In congestion of blood by too much heat, wear a red (not white) shirt, cap and stockings. Blood spitting-. Eat hazel nuts, keep a piece, of alum in your mouth and swallow your spittle. DISEASES OF TEE SOUL AND OF TIIE BCDT. 107 Boils, FELONS, etc. P.-H. and E. M. Take a course of purees with castor oil, liniment with salted brandy, see Abscess, or soak the part for 15 minutes in white lye, then put some cerate or valve over it- Boldness. P. The abuse of combativeness, (5) p. 91, and of self-es- teem (13) p. 93. It expands the blood vessels. Bones Bifformed. Exostosis on the cranium. Take a douche on the part drop by drop and rub it. Bowels, inflammation of, or colics. P. Take the purgative injection mentioned in the castor oil treatment, H. II. Bowels, pains in — P. Castor oil treatment, — H, M. rubbiug the bowels with camphorated pomatum, or a warm poultice of flaxseed with 5 drops of laudanum. Brain, As it is the organ of the soul, the diseases of the soul are cured by curing the brain, see headache, etc. Bronchocele, Wen. P.-S. B. liniment covered with a piece of linen, ointment of iodine on the parts and on the ribs, so as to inhale also. Bronchitis acute. P.-H. M. Seltz water with miik, equal quantity—- a glass every hour. See sore throat. Bronchitis chronic. N.-H. M. Inhale the extract of logwood in solu* tion, excite the patient to laugh by tickling him. Burns. P. dip the part in cold water, besmear it with molasses, or with ink. — Throw a jet of air with common bellows on the exposed flesh— S. B.— H.M. Oincer. P. Apply the juice of poke leaves; — a yeast poultice when it is fetid; — a solution of chloride of lime. Hyclriodate of potash internally and externally — a poultice of hemlock. — The vegetable caustic ley. Take a quantity of hickory ashes, and leach them, boil the ley until it is of the consistence of molasses or honey, spread a little on a piece of leather and apply. Keep this plaster out of the air. Let it remain as long as possible and then apply a poultice daily. S.B. Eat eanrots cooked in milk, and apply on the sore a carrot, the juice of which has been ex- pressed, keep it tight for twenty-four hours and wash the sore with a decoction of hemlock. E.M. Carbuncles. P. Apply ley poultice sprinkled with a little unslacked lime, or the concentrated liquor of tar. Catalepsy and Lethargy. N. Warm bath of half an hour every other day, alternating with castor oil or any purgative. Human and electro-magnetism. Causticity and Sarcasm. P. An abuse of wit [37] and imitation [36] page 95 for remedy. Catarrh in the head. N.-H. M. Place a drachm of pulverized muriate of ammonia into an iron spoon, heat it, and inhale the vapor through the nostrils.— Tincture of the muriate of iron, 10 drops in water lor adults, as a tonic, or castor oil as a purge. See colds. — Concentrated^ liquor of tar a teaspoon ful in a cup of cold water or the essence of turpentine. Chancre. P. Put on it the stick of nitrate of silver. Negative diet. S.B. lotion. Chicken-pox. P. See small-pox, use negative remedies. Chilvblains. P. Batlie them in oil of turpentine once or twice a day and wear cotton next to the feet. S. B. for rubbing. Chills and Fevers. P.-H. M. Salted Brandy. See fevers. Chlorosis and Anosmia- N.-H- M- Pale colors- Syrup of iodide of iron 10 to 30 drops — Phosphate of iron 1 to 4 grains in molasses and water- Cholera Asiatic* N— H* M. Take 4 ounces cayenne pepper j 4 108 ME DICAL DICTIONARY. ounces ginger ; 4 ounces common table salt ; mix in one quart of best quality port wine ; shake well, let stand twenty-four hours, then strain and bottle tight. Dose for an adult, one table spoonful every fifteen minutes ; for children, less— or : 3 drams of spirit of camphor, 3 drams of laudanum, 3 drams of oil of turpentine, 3 drops of oil of pepper- mint, mix and take a teaspoonful in a glass of weak brandy and water for diarrhea, and a tablespoonful for cholera, rub the body well with brandy and mustard — chew eamphire and eat high seasoned food-S.B. Cholera morbus. P.-H.M. Drink plentifully of strong rice water, with much sugar and 2 drops of laudanum in each tumbler, or pulver- ized charcoal. Cold-he artedness. N", A defect of friendship [12], contractions of the blood vessels, etc., p. 93-H.M. Colds chronic. N.-H. and E.M. Use green (not white) flannel, green stockings, mucilaginous drinks, of flax-seed with drops of lemon in it, or, slippery elm bark, shake the body by exercise of the dumb bells, of walking, etc. Colds inflammatory. P.-H.M. Salt brandy application, — if in the throat, fill the ear 10 minutes with the solution, gargle the throat, rub the neck and breast with it; — if in the chest apply it as a liniment with a piece of linen and bandage: — if in the head, rub' it with S.B.^ or inhale liquid ammonia, or tincture of iodine for some minutes and often. Jonstipatton. P.-H. and E."M.and movement cure. Live on negative substances or vegetable and acid diet. Expand your chest and vibrate your abdomen, and if you have no stool after 2 days, take wheat bran 1 pint, water 1 quart ; 'steep the feran in hot water all night, and drink a tumblerful early in the morning ; if obstinate, take 1 drop or 2 of croton oil — or an* injection of 2 spoonfuls of infusion of coffee or Val- erian powder Consumption (pulmonary) incipient. N. Remove your defective or vicious habits, take a course of movement cure, expand the chest, let every limb well shaken, pressed with fingers, stretched and rubbed with salted brandy, nourish your body properly with positive hygiene and follow S.B. treatment. — Drink tar water freely. — Take a decoction of green rye alternately with one made of the buds of tho fir tree. — Keep, for inhaling in your room, one part of chloride of iodine with six parts of water in a partly covered dish, — Cod-liver oil with a mixture of iodine will help. — Sleep sometimes on the top of a dunghill in a warm Stable to breathe that vapor. Use electro and human magnetism. Consumption progressing- N. If what preceds, will not do, prepar some raw meat to a pulp mixed with sugar, take from 3 to 9 ounces a day, and the alcohol of 20 degrees Beaume, in doses of 3 ounces a day. — Also take a broth bath on your body, and keep raw flesh on the chest and spinal column, well bandaged. — Eat gradually, broths, rich and high seasoned food easy to masticate piecemeal. — Hypophosphate of lime and soda are good. — Apply iodine ointment on the ribs, on the chest, on the spine and under the arm-pits so as to favor the inhaling. Coxtixency. Jf. A defect of amativeness [9], if it causes debility, or future damage, take the remedies p. 92 and H.M. if not, it is right. Contusions, Bruises of Nerves, of Muscles axd Faintings. P. Throw water on the face of the patient, rub his head with your hands, let him drink cold water, then apply camphorated brandy or sedative water on the neck and breast, drink saffron tea before going to bed, or rubbing with S.B. if the herd is affected. Convulsions, Spasms, Rtsuric or Tpileptio fits. N. Human mag- DISEASES OF THE SOUL AND OP THE BODY. 109 netism — Salted brandy treatment — put some salt in the mouth. V^rm bath, alternating every day with castor oil. Corns. Apply cotton saturated with the strongest vinegar, keep it moist; — or a solution of iodine — apply the internal peel of an onion or the bark of a willow tree burned to ashes mixed with strong vinegar — ■ or soak the feet in warm water or lye water every morning and evening and rub on i* a few drops of sweet oil and scrape out the corn or cut it. Cough. P. A Pumice stone hanging in the form of a necklace around the neck. 1 tablespoonful of molasses, 2 tablespoonfuls of castor oil, 1 teapoonful of diluded camphor and 1 teaspoonful of paregoric, take half a teaspoonful frequently. — Drink milk as hot as you can bear, be- fore going: to bed. Inhale the steam of warm water and vinegar, drink an infusion of slippery elm bark with some drops of the juice of lemon in it and sugar. -H.M. Butter, vinegar, with twice molasses, boiled. Coyetousness axd Cupidity, the wrong ambition. P. Expansion of the arterial blood, abuse of acquisitiveness [31 p. 90. Cowardice. P. or N. An abuse of vitativeness and cautiousness. Expansion of the venous blood, causing the contraction of the arterial blood ft], p. 89 and [81 p. 91, fear. Cramps and Cardialgia in the stomach. P. Frictions with a cork plate, the surface of which has been scraped so as to make it rugous, make bandages with corks, drink very hot water in small mouthfuls, apply warm fomentations, a mustard paste, sedative water, H.M. Cramps in the legs and in the feet. P.-H.M. Friction with the hand or with the soap and opium liniment; if the legs are affected, take rhu- barb and magnesia, with a teaspoonful of sal volatile or 15 grains of carbonate of soda with either sal-volatile or a little ginger — take castor oil or tye a band of some kind tightly round the limb, between the affected part and the body, or stand upon some cold substance with caution, but moving the limbs. Ceedtjlijy. P. An abuse of marvellousness [19] p. 94. Croup. P. See throat. Wear red flannel around the neck, fumiga- tions with sulphuric ether. — A blister on the sternum, (bone of the chest), or surround the neck with compresses of sedative water, and give every minute a teaspoonful of 3 grains of emetics in half a tum- bler of water, till vomiting takes place. Cruelty and Cursing. P, Expansion of the venous blood, an abuse of destructiveness [41 p. 91. Curiosity or Inquisittveness, P. An abuse of individuality [21] p, 79 of locality [30] p. 82 and of eventuality [31] p. 83, remedy p. 95. Cuts. Spread powdered sugar on them Deafness. N.-H. and E.M. Syringe the ear with a little warm water first to melt the wax if there is any, then pour some drops of sulphuric ether to revive the nerves, or, brandy and water may do. Also 3 parts of sweet oil and one of glycerine, 10 drops into the ear every night, or keep in the ear some cotton imbibed with glycerine. Deeility. N.-H. and K.M. Positive remedies and oiet Tincture of iron, spices, a teaspoonful of brandy, sugar and water Delirium. N. See headache, dizziness- H.M. Kaspail's treatment, wash the crown of the head with S.B. Despair. IT. Contraction and sluggishness of the blood vessels in the brain, a defect of hope [20] p. 91, H.M. Diabetes flow of urine. N- Citrate of soda 2 to 4 drams mixed with food, or drink wine boiled with ginger. — S.B. treatment, leave on ani- mal fiod excheivey. DiARRnceA. N. Powdered charcoal mixed alone, or with the white of 110 MEDICAL DICTIONARY. an ep:g, a teaspoonful every hour ; or syrup of rhubarb; or a decoction of rhubarb with one half part of carbonate of soda; or 2 teaspoonfuls of table salt dissolved in half a gill of vinegar, and swallowed as a draft, H.M. movement cure concentric and kneading relaxed abdomen. Difformity of limbs. Movement cure by eccentric and concentric movements, H. and E.M. Diphtheria. N. Take a common tobacco pipe, place a live coal within the bowl, drop a little tar upon the coal, and let the patient draw smoke into the mouth and discharge in through the nostrils. Disobedience. N. A defect of veneration [181 p. 94, H.M. Dissimulation. P. Abuse of secretiveness [6] contraction of fea- tures, p. 91. Dizziness, Vertigo. N.-S.B. treatment — Human and electro-mag- netism. See colds and head. — Sedative water or S.B. on the head. Dreams, (pages 12, 25, etc) They are si^ns of nervous actions in the brain. — Lively dreams denote excitement; Sofc dreams, slight irri- tation, and in nervous fevers a favorable crisis. Frightful dreams, de- termination of blood to the head; dreams about fire are, in women, signs of impending homorrbage, dreams about blood and red objects denote inflammatory conditions, dreams about rain and water, denote diseased mucous membranes and dropsy, dreams of distorted forms, denote abdominal obstructions and disorder of the liver. To dream about some part of the botfy suffering, denotes disease in that part, dreams of death often precede apolexy. The nightmare with great sensitiveness is a sign of determination of blood to the chest. Take a light supper or none at all, if your dreams have been unpleasant. Dropsy. 1ST. An infusion of double meadow sweat, (reine des pres), a handful in a quart of boiling water, 3 cups a day. — Three cups of milk porridge daily, eating dry bread and raw onion without drinking. — Apply on the abdomen some compresses of the solution of sulphate of iron, and take some doses of it internally, — Human and electro-mag- netism — if there is too much alkaline or heat, use acids or negative remedies — eat garlick. Drunkenness or Delirium-tremens. (2) p. 90. Powdered nutmeg internally, and compresses of sedative water on the head and around the neck — Wormwood tea taken hot and freely — acetate of ammonia, human magnetism. Dysentery. P. Tablespoonful of scorched rhubarb root, one of the peppermint plant dried, one of blackberry root, steep them in one pint of water, sweatened with loaf sugar, then add one ounce of prepared chalk well pulverized, and half an ounce of paregoric. Dose, one tea- spoonful every three hours. — Besides, drink flax-seed tea with a little lemon juice and sugar in it; rub the abdomen with camphor, goose grease and 2 drops of laudanum for every ounce. — Copious libations of buttermilk or, acids such as cream of tartar, and fomentations as above, or make a soup with white paper torn and boiled with milk and a little candy sugar. Dyspepsia. N.-H.M. Movement cure especially on the stomach. Shake your stomach by gymnastic exercises, sawing wood, running, fencing. Eat stale bread well baked, pure broths of meat, broth made of roasted bread, jellies, pap, etc., swallow nothing that you could not masticate piecemeal, otherwise you will never be cured — eat slowly, season your food well. Dysury. P. (retention of urine). Spill cold water on the parts, eat bread and onion without drinking, for one day, eat horseradish, lettuce, tnvnipSj mustard f or drink an infusion of parietary cream of tartar, DISEA C E3 OF THE SOUL AND OF THE BODY. Ill tar water, whey — or apply on the abdomen a thick poultice of broad crumbs soaked in salt water or in ash lye; a decoction of saffron. or drink a glass of water with 5 or 6 drops of sweet spirits of nitre in it. Earache. N. Apply a poultice of slippery elm bark to the ear moistened with the tincture of opium. See deafness, II. and E. M. Effeminacy. N. A defect of destructiveness [I] p. 91, and amative- ness [9] page 92. Emaciation of children or Rachitis. N.-H.M. Use milk, soups, paps well seasoned food, exercise the limbs everyway; baths. See leanness.. Envy. P. An abuse of the love of approbation [14] p. 93, and of self-esteem (13) p. 93. Epilepsy. N. Human or electro-magnetism. — Prevent the paroxysms by a violent swinging; or stimulate or depress the sympathetic or cere- brospinal nervous system at will by applying heat or ice in Indian-rub- ber bags to the back of the head, and to the different ganglia or nervous centres — or apply an ice bag to the spine to remain 2 hours, 4 times in 24 hours. Cover the head with a black silk handkerchief, give a nut- meg in powder diluded in water — half for children. Eresypelas or St. Anthony's fire. P. Eat a whole lemon with the peel, libations and compresses of cold water. — Take some fresh butter not- salted and olive oil in equal quantities, add vinegar thereto, beat the whole until it comes to a cream, spread it on paper and apply. — S.B. treatment. — Castor oil treatment — take cream of tartar with 6 grains of nitre in a tumbler of sweetened water. Eruptions tettery — P— S.B. treatment. Purges of rhubarb with magnesia — cool washing on the parts. Exaltation, Excentricity. P. Abuse of ideality [321 p. 83, whether mania, or fanaticism p. 95. Eyes. p. 22, 29, 56 and 96. — Inflamed, S.B. treatment; imbibe the corner of a handkerchief with pure S.B. rubbing it into the eyes. The spots on the cornea must be touched with a pencil, dipt in S.B. mixed in equal quantity of water and bathe with it also — if the eyes are accident- ally inflamed, put a bread poultice on going to bed. Fainting. N. Water on the head and face, inhale ammonia, camphor. Falsehood. P. Abuse of secretiveness. [6] p. 91. [H.\f» Fanaticism. P. Abuse of marvellousness especially [19] p. 94, and of veneration [151 p* 95, 31st line. Expansion of. the blood vessels. Fatness. P. To diminish. Abstain from bread, butter, milk, sugar, beer, and all substances containing starch and sugar. Eat any meat except pork, any fish except salmon, any vegetables except beans and potatoes, take claret wine if you like, (Banting).Trynon-nitrogenizedfood mentioned in the negative remedies use vinegar with caution. Fear. P. An abuse of cautiousness [81 p. 91 ; contraction of features and of the blood vessels. Feet cold/N. Wear cotton socks next to the skin, and woollen stockings outside of them. Fevers in general P.-H.M. Lettuce water boiled drink every 2 hours; be abstemious. A common nutmeg and dry wormwood of the same weight reduced in powder, divide in 3 equal parts and put each one in a teaspoonful of wine for drink. Thin water gruel sweetened with honey, with 1 or 2 drams of nitre in each quart ; S.B- treatment , take the expressed juice of salsify, or the de- coction. — And Ague or remittent, see negative remedies. Equal pans of pulverised cinnamon, rhubarb, sulphur and cream of tartar, a tea- spoonful twice a day- S-B- treatment- Tamarind water, the juice oi lemon* — Bilious: disgust in the mouth and constipation' Drink some 112 MEDICAL DICTIONARY. Warm lemonade. "White Reinette apples in decoction, and a handful of sorrel boiled in two quarts of water with a little butter and some grains of salt, as a drink, also drink the juice of strawberries, 61 limes, etc. in spring water. — Inflammatory. P. Circulation of the blood, too high. Extract the Juice of red cherries, dilute them in a sufficient quantity of sugar and water, for a drink, tamarind/ cream of tartar, etc. — Intermittent. P. The juice of lemon infused in a very strong cup of coffee before going to bed. The juice of the &aves of dandelion. — Rheumatic. P- Use peppermint in distilled water only. Fluor, Albus. N. Drink white hyssop infusions like tea, or take a teaspoonful of soot diluted in brandy, fasting. See Leucorrhcea. Foolish Jokings. P. An abuse of imitation [36] p. 95. Frivolity. N. A defect of concent-rat, [llj p. 92, and an abuse of wit and of approbativeness, [37] p. 94 and [141 p. 93. Frozen limbs. Surround the parts with bandages imbibed with honey or rub them with snow, untill the white color disappears, II. M. Gambling. P. An abuse of acquisitiveness [3] p. 90, of hope [20] p. 94, and of wit and approbativeness [3*7] p. 95 and [141 p. 93* Gleet. P. Take 10 drops of petroleum on a small piece of sugar, every two or three hours. Gluttony. P. An abuse of alimentiveness, the principal cause with drunkenness of positive diseases, [21 p. 89. GONORRHceA. P. Take 10 or 15 drops of Balsam of Peru. Gout. P. Take an infusion of leaves of ash tree, like tea with milk and sugar; no acids, but aromatic volatile salts, onions, S.B. treatment. Take the decoction or the expressed juice of salsify,*E. and H-M", Gravel. P.-H. and E.M. Provoke diarrhea by whey broths and liquid diet. — Drink tansy, gin and peppermint; sweet spirits of nitre, 5 drops in a tumbler of water; S.B. treatment; tepid baths, injections, a moderate use of sea salt with food. Drink all diuretics, no violent ex- ercise — eat cherry stones, beans, kidney beans, carrots, the pippins of very ripe fruits; or take wild carrots in August, dry them in the shade, use the heads and seeds only, take 6 or 7 of them in a teapot, pour boiling water ou them and drink it as tea, avoid all stimulants. Hair, (Falling of), to prevent. N. Bathe the head in cold water 3 or 4 times a day, then rub the scalp vigorously with the end of the fingers for some time, avoid going out of doors immediately, take exercise. — To make them grow, prepare the scalp by rubbing with salted brandy, then ox marrow with olive oil; the juice of white onions, fresh butter and goose grease, mix together, grease your hair, not too much at once for fear of suffocating the bulb To clear the head from lice or dandruff, rub the head with castile soap and water, then with castor oil and gin. Hand. As the hand and principally the ringers, exhale the nervous or magnetic fluid and withdraw -. it from the body by the power of the Points, it gave rise to two branches : cabalistic chiromancy which has to do with the palm of the hand or the positive side, and which is only good for the examination of sanguification ; — and chirognomy which has to do with the negative side or the back of the hand. There are three kinds of fingers, tapering, square and spatulate, and those are either even or knotty, large (strength), or small, (delicate), hard (active mechanical life), or soft, (laziness or delicacy), and with long palm and short fingers (animal instincts). The rule is that tapering or pointed fingers show a general expansion, and are electro-negative, thej r belong to the divine world, to feeling and imagination, etc. — Square fingers show a general contraction and solidity in intellect, they are DISEASE3 OF THE SOUL AND OF THE BODY. 113 electro-positive, and be-long to the logical world — and spatulate fingers srnw a state of adaption to the divine and logical world with the mate- rial world. Even lingers show regularity of internal action, knotty flngars, irregularity or need of reflexion, so: tapering and even will give religion, poetry, taste and art ; square and even, taste for science ; spatulate and even, a liking to real life, usefulness, manual occupation. Hardheartedness. N. A defect of benevolence [171 p. 94, II. M. Headache in general. X. Animal or electro-magnetism. — S.B. treat- ment. Application of cold water or ice on the head or vinegar with r*ater, two leaves of elder placed within the thickness of a night-cap, for the bed, and the forehead on the pillow. — Wear a copper ornament around the forehead, pressing upon the temples, or snuff up sulphuric ether — or the tincture of iodine. Those will do for colds and conges- tions ; besides, wear a red cap on the head and red stockings on the legs, and apply sedative water on the head. If there is any delirium, sinapisms on the legs, and the castor oil treatment. Heart. — Aneurism. P. Keep quiet and slow in your motions. In the attack, apply ice water, or water and vinegar an-^a tight bandage around the place, abstinence as low as possible and some remedies as for hypertrophy. — Hypertrophy. P. If the dilatation has caused an infiltration, treat it like aneurism. Negative diet; nitre, digitalis, acetate of potas- sium, and purgatives; but if it is only a dilatation, take bitters, prepa- rations of iron, orange leaves, valerian, fresh baths, camphor. — Atrophy, shrinking. N. Same treatment as for simple dilatation, H. and E.M. stimulants, or keep compresses of sedative water, or cam- phor and grease on the heart. Hip disease or Sciatica. P.-H. and E.M. movement cure. Application of warm bran poultices followed by an embrocation of one part of tur- pentine and two of soap and opium liniment, rub with 2 drams of it for 1 minutes, if no fever, dram dose of carbonate of iron 3 times in 24 hours internally. Hoarseness. N. (continual) from tracheal inflammation, make a fric- tion over the larynx with 5 to 10 drops of croton oil, mixed with oil. Human magnetism. Home, Dislike for, sickness for, nostalgia. N. [11] p. 93. See melan- choly, positive remedies. . Hydrophobia. P. After being bitten, press the wound so as to make the blood run freely and extricate the slaver, then wash the wound with a mixture of alkali and water, or lemon juice, lye, soap, salt water or urine. — 'Warm a piece of iron in the fire not red hot, and apply it on the wound, or wash the wound with warm vinegar or tepid water and dry it well, then a few drops of muriatic acid must be poured on the wound. Hypochondria. N.-Human or electro-magnetism, a tumbler of strong infusion of chamomile with 1 grain of tartar emetic, and 20 grains of tartaric acid, — Warm foot bath and castor oil, alternately, B.M. Hypocrisy. P. Abuse of secretiveness [6] p. 91. Physiognomy, p. 37. Hysteria. P.-H.M. Castor oil one day, warm foot bath the next. Idiocy OR Cretinism. P.-H. and E.M. gymnastics, S.B. treatment. Illusions. P. Abuse of ideality p. 95. of marvellousness [191 p- 94. Impiety. N- A defect of veneration [131 p. 94, Il-M- IiiPOTENCY. N- Eupurpurine from 1 to 5 grains, 3 or 4 times a day for some weeks, H-M— examine the cau~e. Imprudence. X. A defect of cautiousness [8] p. 91, H.M- INCIVILITY* N- A defect of the love of approbation [14] p. 93, H-M. 114 MEDICAL DICTIONARY. Inconstancy. X. A defect of firmness [16] p, 94. H. and E.M\ Incredulity. N. A. defect of marveilousness [19] p. 92. H.1L Indigestion. N. By fruits. Eat a little cf strong old rotten cheese. — Powdered charcoal, a teaspoonful, in bitter eructations — by too much eating, either a good cup of strong coffee, or vomiting if the case shows it, S.B. treatment. Indiscretion. N. A defect of secretiveness [6] p. 91, H.M, Inefficiency. N". A defect of combativ. [5] p. 91, H.& E.M. gymnastics. Infidelity (jeligious). N. A defect of marveilousness [19] p. 94, and of conscience [15] p. 94, H.M, Inflammations P. of any organs, H.M. Open the bowels with whey broth and liquid diet or any negative medicine — cream of tartar or sweet spirits of nitre, one half a teaspoonful in a tumbler of water. — Or warm vinegar, salt and water. Eat spinage, take barley cream, decoc- tion of barley. Injustice. N. A defect of conscience [15] p. 94, H.M. Insanity. P. Page 14 and page 95, line 49, H. and E.M. Inhale sul- phuric ether — give forcedly to the patient vapor baths twice a day. Hu- man and electro-magnetism- — S.B. treatment. Castor oil with one half grain of tartar emetic in each dose. In ease of congestion use plenty of ^dative water on the cranium, arouud the neck, under the arm pits, on the wrists ; riding, shaking with strong gymnastic exercise — diver- sions of all kinds. Insensibility of the botfy. N. Rub with ice strongly, then blankets, Human and electro-magnetism, or give a purgative and a vomit, then make them leave their feet and hands in water till they sleep. Insolence. P. An abuse of self-esteem and of combaliveness, [13] page 93 and [5] page 91. Itch or scabies. P. Wash the parts in warm water, then apply the mecca oil. — Or sulphur ointment: (hog's lard 4 parts, sulphur or sul- phuret o f potash 1 part, rain water 1 part); or S.B.treatment,or make a lotion of petroleum, or of the concentrated liquor of tar. Jaundice. N, An ounce of tincture of barberry root divided in 12 pajrts — common lemonade — vegetable diet — castor oil treatment altern- ately with seidlitz powders. — Salted brandy treatment — u^e garliok in your food. Walnut leaves, powdered, infused in white wine all night. Jealousy. P. An abuse of self-esteem [131 p. 93, and of approba- tiveness [14] p. 93- Kidneys' disease- P- Castor oil every day, 5 or 6 injections of a de- s the cause, use negative remedies and exercise. H. and E»aE. movement cure. Sterility. N. One gill of the decoction of the bark of nectandra radioei, drank 3 or 5 times a day, but. be examined for the cause, Stomach, inflammation of. P. All wines and liquors prohibited — castor oil treatment, flax-seed tea. If there is puking, let it go on, but apply Sinapisms on the legs,and one hour after, take some sweet lemonade-, K.1E. Stubbornness. P. An abuse of firmness, [16] p. 94. St. Vitus dance or Epilepsy. P.-H. and E.M. 4 drops of a tincture of calabar bean given 3 times a day, and gradually increased in quantity during 9 weeks. See Epilepsy. Strictures of the urethra. P. An injection with a glass syringe of a solution of nitrate of silver from 5 to 10 grains to tho ounce. Suicide. P. An abuse of cautiousness and destructiveness with smsli. hope, see despair p. 94, and [4] p- 91 — concentrated passion, p- 34 & 36, 120 MEDICAL DICTIONARY. P. its-strokes. P. Apply on the head compresses soaked in brandy and vinegar. Refreshing and acidulous drink— throw water on the face. H.M. Superstition. P. An abuse of veneration §18, p. 94. Swelling in general. (not a tumour), P. Any poultice will reduce rfe or rubbing with ©old water, H.M. Swearing- and cursing. P. [4] p. 91 — negative remedies. Syphilis. P. One part of the potassio-tartrate of iron is dissolved in six parts of water and two teaspoonfuls are given 3 times a da v. — It is applied also as a solution on sores or chancres. — Injection with a syringe glass oC from 5 to 10 grains to the ounce of water, avoid stim- ulants, live sparingly — caustic potassa,or potassa with lime may be used, and water and vinegar must be applied on the sore with caustic. Talkativeness. P. An abuse of language [86] p. 95 and 94- Tapeworm. P. Take 20 to 30 grains of pomegranate, 5 or 6 times a day. — Or a mixture of powdered kamela and male fern, or the seeds of pompion. — Or 11 drams of ether, followed 2 hours afterward by 15 drams of eastor oil, see worms — the bark of pomegranate* Eat purslain in salad or in any way. Taste. It is bitter in hepatic derangement, dyspepsia; sour in gastric disorder; saltish in Phthisis pulmonalis; putrid in gangrene of the lungs Tetanos. P. Etherization by inhalinsr sulphuric ether, II. and E-M. Theft. P. An abuse of acquisitive [3] p. 91, and of secretivenes. Thirst to allay . Drink tea, eat fruits. Thirst is excessive in two v.ry very opposite conditions, fever and collapse; a difficulty of swal- lowing and nausea are signs of diseases. Throat sore or Influenza. P ,-S-B. — Poultice of elder flowers cooked in vinegar and kept warm on the throat — drink hot milk. — Castor oil, H. and E.M. If there is a tumour, inhale the steam of hot water with Vinegar, then, gargle with a decoction of honey-suckle and honey. Tic douloureux. P. Inhale the fumes of opium in the form of cigars to produce sleep.or rub the parts with a rugose surface of cork-S B.-H.M. Tobacco mania. P. page 90 — It is good only in lymphatic tendencies. Tongue. It is cold in collapse as of cholera, — red in Scarlatina,stoma- titis and gastritis, — furred in indigestion, fever, — brown or black, cracked in low fevers, as typhus, — pale in serious condition of the blood, — very red in inflammations of the intestines, of the lungs and of the Pharynx, — if a coated tongue in acute diseases of the intestines, becomes clean and very red, the prognosis is unfavorable, — blackish red or bluish-red in all disturbances of the circulation and respiration, — black and livil in case of vitiation of the blood, scurvy, setting in of gangrene, and in phthisis, — dry in violent irritations of the intestines and respira- tory organs, — enlarged in hypertrophy, inflammation or congestion, — diminish in emaciation, — enlargement of the papilicein chronic irritation of tire stomach, --elongated in paralysy and epilepsy, see p, 97. Tooth-ache. P. Equal quantity of alum and salt pulverized, wet a smaM piece of cotton, so the powder will adhere to it and fill it in the tooth — or receive the electricity on the teeth, or put in a piece of cotton imbibed with camphor or" camphorated alcohol and laudanum — II. M.-or keep very hot water in your mouth us long as you can ; or ice water, or put an onion plaster on the cheek with S drops of laudanum. Tooth-powder. Porphyrized vegetable coal powder 1 oz. impalpable quinquina powder. 1 oz. carbonate of magnesia, 2 drams. Torpidity N. or sluggishness. — of the brain, see softening — of the liver, see liver, (chronic affection), — of the body, see laziness [3] p. 90. Tumours with humours, P. If there is inflammation or pain, cold DISEASES OP THE SOUL AND OF THE BODY. 121 water, plenty; — if there is do sensible pain, a poultice and a purge of castor oil, — if the tumor is indurated, liniment with S.B.-ELM. Typhoid-fever. P. See fever and ague. Sinapisms to the legs. Castor oil, till there have been 5 or 6 stools. Typhus- fever. P. See fevers inflammat. Take a tablespoonful of beer yeast several times a day. Ulcers, gangrenous. P. A poultice formed of yeast and wheat bran, salted brandy liniment. See abscess. Uncouthness or unrefineness. N. A defect of ideality and approba- tiveness [32] p. 83 and [14] p. 93, H,M. Unskillfulness. N. A defect of constructiveness [?] p. 91, A.M. Urine, See dysury for retention, and diabetes for flow. If the urine is red thick and loaded, sign of inflammation, or alkalescency, cool the system with acids or negative remedies ; if it is white and slimy, take stimulants or positive remedies. . Vanity- P- An abuse of approbativeness [14] p. 93. Variola or Varioloid- P- Sulphite of soda 1 dram, water 6 ounces, a tablespoonful every 3 hours. Varicose at the legs. Frequent foot-baths. Vermin or lice. To destroy on the head, reduce in powder, the bark of the root of sassafras, and keep it in the hair,' tight. Violence. See anger. P. An abuse of destructiveness [4] 91. ViSAOE-to make it white. During the month of May, take the best fresh fat butter, put it in a large earthen vessel and expose it to the sun, keeping it clean from dust; when the butter is melted, pour upon it some plantain water, stir it well, and when the water has been evaporated put some more,and stir it often till the butter becomes as white as snow; put in some rose or orange water, and spread it on your face every evening, w ping your visage the next morning — to corect the wrinkles ; take the juice of the onion of white lily and best honey (honey of Nar- bonne) 2 ounces each, melted white wax an ounce, mix and make a po- matum, apply every evening, and wipe your face in the moruing — to correct the tan. Tike a bunch of green grapes, wet it, powder it with alum and salt, wrapp it up in paper and cook it in hot ashes, express the juice of it, w 4 PART — Medical department. 86« Physiological prolegomena, 86- Chapter 1. Medical Phrenology, or diseases of the Soul, 89 Article 1. Diseases of the Affective Faculties or of the H^art, 89. Article 2. Diseases of the Intellectual Faculties or of the Mind, 94. Chapter 2. Medical Somatology, or diseases of the Body, 95. Article 1. Semeiology, Article 2 Therapeutics, such as Hygiene. Medication etc., 97. Division of d senses into electro positive and negative, 23, 97. 99. Various systems of medicine, 99. Division of remedies into ebctro-positive and negative, 102. 1 . Electro-positive remedies, 102. 2. Electro-negative remedies. 103. 3. Rules of positive and negative Hygiene. 104, Cn\PTER 3. Dictionary of the principal diseases, both of the Soul and of the Body, 105. fr%f* Look, in the Dictionary, and in the Chart, for the expressions of Diagnosis, such as the blood, the brain, the dreams, the hands, the pulse, the skin, the taste, the tongue, etc. Remember the philosophic adage; "a sound mind in a sound body", that is, no sound mind without a sound body. The body must then be cured first, and principally the brain; after which, the soul (that is the Mind and the Heart) which is not originally sick, but weakened by its conjunction w ; th the body, can and must use and develope its organ (or piano keys), the brain, with advantage, towards its human perfection. A NEW SYSTEM OF CRANIO-PHYSIOGNOMY. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, by J. D. I,. Zkndkr. in the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the United Stares, for the Southern District of New York. C OWM&hsTA^Urt'Cfp" ^ c/f -^j?^* ) CZ f\ ANraROPONOMY j j^pmttmt and gtypicat gw *f &**.* A NEW SYSTEM, ON THE MAGNETIC CONSTITUTION OF MAN, AS EXPRESSED BY >} PHYSIOGNOMY BLENDED WITH CRANIOLOSY, £ And maintained by Moral and Physical Hygiene, k AND MEDICINE By Rev. J. D. L. ZE1VDER, M. D. 4th Edition Enlarged and Improved from tiiat of 1843. "WITH AK ABRIDGED MEDICAL DICTIONART. NEW-YORK: * For Sale by the Author No. f 1869. oH -7^ y "^ \ o ' •■ ^ -n*. 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