1S62. 188©. 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 State Normal School 
 
 SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA, 
 
 CATALOGUE OF ITS GRADUATES AND A RECORD OF THEIR 
 WORK FOR TWENTY-SEVEN YEARS. 
 
 •*•- 
 
 SACRAMENTO. 
 
 state office •::::: j. d. young, supt. state peinting. 
 
 1889. 
 
L3 I 4V7 
 
 I 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 The Library of Congress 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/historicalsketchOOsanj 
 
TABLE OK CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Preface 5 
 
 Introduction 7 
 
 Historical Sketch, with Reminiscences by Graduates _.- 9 
 
 Statistical Tables 102 
 
 Members of the Boards of Trustees 106 
 
 Biographical Sketches of Principals 108 
 
 List of Teachers -. - 123 
 
 Alphabetical List of Graduates - .- 130 
 
 Holders of Elementary Diplomas. 145 
 
 Graduates' Record 148 
 
 Prospectus for 1889-90 283 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The preparation of the following history of the State Normal 
 School at San Jose, and of the work of its graduates, was first 
 suggested by a circular sent out in 1881, by General John Eaton, 
 Commissioner of Education, at Washington. 
 
 This circular stated that in answer to numerous inquiries, it 
 was purposed to send out from the United States Bureau of Edu- 
 cation a circular of information respecting Normal Schools, and 
 requested that each Normal School prepare a manuscript, giving 
 information with reference to its origin, officers, instructors, pupils, 
 course of study, financial matters, etc. 
 
 Though the Bureau of Education has never completed this 
 work as proposed, presumably because not a sufficient number 
 of schools responded, the suggestion has been productive of im- 
 portant results. Several eastern Normal Schools, prominent 
 among them the schools at Albany and at Oswego, in New York, 
 and the school at Normal, Illinois, have published historical 
 sketches, and others have such books in preparation. These 
 sketches clearly show the great value of General Eaton's sugges- 
 tions, by proving conclusively the past as well as the prospective 
 usefulness of Normal Schools. This is done by showing in a 
 detailed, though condensed, form the immense educational influ- 
 ence they have exerted, not only upon those who have availed 
 themselves of the advantages of the schools, but, through them, 
 upon the public mind, also. 
 
 The sketch for this School was begun in response to the circu- 
 lar, but as the material collected and the value of the work was 
 seen, it became apparent that a full history should be issued, in a 
 printed form, direct from the School itself. The preparation of 
 2 
 
6 Preface. 
 
 such a history required more time than was given in the circular, 
 and the sketch was, therefore, retained here. It was thought, fol- 
 lowing the lead of some of the older schools, that the history- 
 might be issued at the expiration of the first twenty-five years of 
 the School's existence, but the large number of graduates, scat- 
 tered over so large a State, made it impossible to collect, in so 
 short a time, any accurate record of their work. For six years 
 past information has been gradually, yet diligently, collected, 
 and even now the work is not complete. It is, however, thought 
 best no longer to delay the publication. 
 
 Few who read these pages will appreciate the amount of labor 
 expended in collecting and arranging the facts herein contained. 
 In the catalogues of the school for the past five years, in circulars, 
 and personal letters, information has been sought in all directions. 
 To most of the circulars and letters courteous responses have been 
 received, and thanks are due to many for their lively interest in 
 the history and their willing contributions to it. 
 
 It is now presented, containing all the attainable information, 
 from reliable sources, and it is sincerely hoped that the work will 
 prove satisfactory. If the good that results from the publication 
 is at all commensurate with the labor that has been bestowed 
 upon it, it will prove indeed valuable as a contribution to the 
 educational history of California. 
 
 It is but just to state, that almost the entire labor of collecting, 
 arranging, preparing statistical tables, in short of editing the work, 
 has been done by Miss Ruth Royce, a graduate of the school, and 
 if the history proves at all valuable, the credit belongs to her. 
 
 With sincere and ardent hopes for the highest prosperity of the 
 Normal School at San Jose, I for the last time sign myself, 
 Sincerely, 
 
 CHAS. H. ALLEN, Principal. 
 
 San Jose, June 30, 1889. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In an address before the California State Teachers' Institute, in 
 May, 1863, Mr. Samuel I. C. Swezey* gave the following eloquent 
 account of the founding of the first Normal School in the United 
 States: 
 
 On the third day of July, eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, the first Ameri- 
 can Normal School was opened, at Lexington, Massachusetts. The place and 
 the time were fittingly chosen. The place was where the opening battle of the 
 Revolution was fought, when it first became clear that freedom was to be 
 secured for this great land where we dwell, and that henceforth the people were 
 to be trusted with power for evermore. It was fitting that there, also, should 
 first be formally commenced the special preparation of teachers for the work 
 of teaching humbly and teaching well in the public schools of the State which 
 that battle ground had proven worthy to be free. It was a fitting time for the 
 commencement of such a work — the day before the anniversary of American 
 Independence — shadowing forth, with a wisdom greater than the founders of 
 that Normal School designed, the great fact that before a people can hope to be 
 fully free, before they are worthy of the exalted privilege of ruling themselves, 
 they must be taught aright. The Third of July mast ever come before the 
 Fourth. 
 
 At the time that the first State Normal School in California 
 was opened, July, 1862, but eight out of the thirty-four States 
 belonging to the Union had established State Normal Schools. 
 These schools numbered fourteen in all, distributed, in order of 
 the date of opening, as follows: Massachusetts, four, New York, 
 two, Pennsylvania, three, Connecticut, one, Michigan, one, New 
 Jersey, one, Illinois, one, and Minnesota, one. Besides these, 
 Philadelphia, Boston, and St. Louis each had a flourishing City 
 Normal School. 
 
 It is a matter of some educational interest, though perhaps only 
 as a curiosity, that as early as 1836 there existed in California a 
 school dignified by the title of "Normal School." Of this insti- 
 
 *Mr. Swezey was a graduate of the State Normal School at Albany, New 
 York, class of 1850. He taught several years, was prominent in educational 
 interests in California, and was for four years a Trustee of the California State 
 Normal School. 
 
8 Introduction. 
 
 tution, Mr. Henry L. Oak, Librarian of the Bancroft Historical 
 Library, furnishes the following sketch: 
 
 Among the colonists who came to California from the City of Mexico in 1834, 
 were half a dozen teachers. There was need enough for their services here at 
 the time, but no opportunity whatever to earn a livelihood by their profession. 
 Therefore, most of them, like many of other professions in the colony, soon 
 left the country. Some remained, however, one of the number being now a 
 prominent citizen of Southern California. Another, Jose" Mariano Romero, 
 attempted to found an educational establishment at the Capital, Monterey, giv- 
 ing it the somewhat absurd title of " Normal School." He obtained a few pupils, 
 and even went so far as to publish a text-book, a little treatise on orthoepy, or 
 " orthology," dedicated to the "Alumni" of his institution. The title is as fol- 
 lows: Catecismo de Ortologea. Dedicado d los Alumnos de la Escuela Normal de 
 Monterey por su Director, Jose Mariano Romero. Monterey, 1836. Imprenta del C. 
 Agust V. Zamorano. 18 mo.* This work is preserved among the treasures of 
 the Bancroft Library in San Francisco. Don Jose" failed to achieve success; 
 and, becoming implicated in a revolution, was soon banished from California. 
 But the first Normal School and the first text-book merit prominent notice in 
 the educational annals of our country. 
 
 * Catechism of Orthoepy. Dedicated to the Alumni of the Normal School in 
 Monterey, by its President, Jose" Mariano Romero. Monterey, 1836. Printing 
 office of August V. Zamorano. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE SCHOOL 
 
 The necessity for the establishment of a State Normal School 
 in California was first urged by a few gentlemen of San Francisco, 
 who were prominent in forwarding the educational interests of the 
 State during its early history. Among the most active of these, 
 were State Superintendent Andrew J. Moulder, his successor, Mr. 
 John Swett, and City Superintendent Henry B. Janes. 
 
 By the earnest efforts of these gentlemen, a City Normal School 
 was established in San Francisco in 1857, with George W. Minns 
 as Principal, and John Swett, Ellis H. Holmes, and Thomas S. 
 Myrick assistants. This was known as the "Minns' Evening 
 Normal School." The sessions of the school were held weekly, 
 on Monday evenings, and the attendance of city teachers was 
 made compulsory. Superintendent Janes, in his reports of 1857 
 and 1858, reported favorably on the success and efficiency of the 
 City Normal School. This school was continued until 1862, its 
 graduates numbering fifty-four. 
 
 In his annual school report of 1859, State Superintendent Moul- 
 der recommended the establishment of a State Normal School, 
 and in 1860 repeated the recommendation, but both of the suc- 
 ceeding Legislatures adjourned without action. Mr. Moulder 
 writes: "When I appealed personally to the members of the Leg- 
 islature at that early day, to pass the law organizing the school, 
 not a few of them admitted that they did not know what a Nor- 
 mal School was. It was several years after I recommended the 
 measure before legislators could be educated up to a knowledge 
 and appreciation of the value of such an institution." 
 
 During the session of the first California State Teachers' Insti- 
 tute, held in San Francisco in May, 1861, a committee, consisting 
 of Henry B. Janes, Geo. W. Minns, and Ellis H. Holmes, was 
 appointed to examine and report upon the subject of Normal 
 Schools. In conformity with their instructions, they addressed 
 the following communication to the State Superintendent: 
 
io Historical Sketch. 
 
 Hon. A. J. Moulder, Superintendent of Public Instruction : 
 
 Sir: The undersigned were appointed a committee upon a State Normal 
 School by the recent Educational Convention. 
 
 In part performance of the duty thus devolved upon us, we desire, through 
 you, to present to the next Legislature some considerations favoring the estab- 
 lishment of such a school, and respectfully solicit your cooperation with us. 
 In so doing, we are actuated by the opinion that such a measure would do 
 much to advance the educational interests of this State, and that while it is 
 deferred, our public school system will fail to secure to us the greatest benefits 
 of education, or the largest return for the money expended in its support. 
 
 In a Normal School the principles of teaching are considered both as a 
 science and an art. Its subjects are the powers, capacities, and laws of growth 
 of the mind; the order, as to time, in which the different faculties are to be 
 addressed and developed; the best modes of their development; the special 
 adaptation of each school study to the particular necessities and faculties of 
 the juvenile mind; the laws of bodily health as to ventilation, posture, school 
 calisthenics and gymnastics ; and the moral natures of children. It also con- 
 siders the best methods of school organization, classification, programmes of 
 daily exercises, and modes of teaching, as exemplified in the best systems and 
 best schools in the world ; and the knowledge so acquired is practically applied 
 in the model or experimental school (a necessary part of a Normal School) in 
 the presence of competent and experienced teachers. 
 
 This statement of the objects of such a school, forces the mind to the con- 
 clusion that a teacher thus educated and trained, thus taught how to teach, 
 must be incomparably superior to one who lacks such advantages. The pos- 
 session of knowledge is one thing, ability to teach is another and a far different 
 thing. The most limited observer is aware that a very learned man may pro- 
 foundly understand a subject himself, and yet fail egregiously in elucidating it 
 to others. The profession of a teacher imperatively demands a special school 
 for instruction in its appropriate science and methods. 
 
 How to teach and what to teach are classes of knowledge equal in importance to 
 the teacher, and absolutely necessary to the proper progress of the scholar. 
 Both must be acquired somehow. It may well be asked why this should be 
 reserved for the common school-room ; why the time of the school and the 
 public money should be squandered by empirics rather than husbanded by 
 adepts. 
 
 No one would intrust a steam engine to a man who was acquainted with that 
 machine only through books. The danger and folly of thus risking life, time, 
 and money in educating an engineer would not be questioned; universal 
 opinion would force him to an apprenticeship under a competent master. Is 
 there less of folly or danger in intrusting the mysterious and subtle mechanism 
 of the mind to teachers unlearned in the practical duties of their profession ? 
 Such is the principle insisted on in all the common occupations of life. The 
 gardener, for instance, we should all insist, must have a practical acquaintance 
 with the nature of different soils, the habits of different plants, the best modes 
 of cultivating and training them, and the soil and position suitable for each. In 
 his case, no amount of book knowledge would compensate for his want of such 
 practical knowledge. So of the farmer and the mechanic; the State fosters and 
 endows societies which constantly reward their best practical skill. 
 
 Are not the best methods of performing the highest social duty, the intel- 
 lectual, moral, and physical training of our children, equally worthy of the 
 attention of the State? 
 
State Normal School. 1 1 
 
 Horace Mann, widely and justly celebrated as an eminent educator, expressed 
 his amazement "that a parent will often intrust the education of his children 
 to a person of whose experience and qualifications he knows nothing, when he 
 would not allow him to mend a watch without first ascertaining that he pos- 
 sessed the requisite practical skill." 
 
 Such then being the design of a Normal School, to afford to those who design 
 to become teachers that previous training which, for any other business, is 
 deemed indispensable, we need not say more of its importance to California, 
 than to call attention to the fact, that the large number of our citizens, male 
 and female, who are looking to the profession of teaching as an employment 
 for life, compete at a great disadvantage with those who come hither educated 
 in the Normal Schools of other States. Our citizens should not be longer sub- 
 jected to such disadvantages. 
 
 The report then goes on to mention the number and efficiency 
 of Normal Schools in Europe and in the Eastern States, with the 
 cost of supporting some of the most prominent, and closes with 
 the following paragraph: 
 
 The amounts stated as the annual expense of these schools in other States, 
 are referred to here as showing the estimation in which they are held, but do 
 not constitute a criterion for judging the amount necessary to the establish- 
 ment of such a school here. We believe a sum much less than either of those 
 named, will suffice to secure its opening, upon a plan sufficiently extended to 
 meet the present wants of our citizens. 
 
 Hoping that these views may meet your approval, we remain, sir, 
 Very respectfully, your obedient servants, 
 
 HENRY B. JANES, 
 GEORGE W. MINNS, 
 ELLIS H. HOLMES, 
 Committee on State Normal Schools. 
 San Francisco, January 2, 1862. 
 
 This communication was embodied by Superintendent Moulder 
 in his report to the Legislature of 1862, and earnestly commended 
 by him to their consideration, with the statement that an appro- 
 priation of $5,000 would be sufficient to establish the school and 
 put it in successful operation. 
 
 The result of these combined efforts of the State Superintend- 
 ent and the Teachers' Institute, was an Act passed by the Legis- 
 lature May 2, 1862, providing for the establishment of a State 
 Normal School, and appropriating $3,000 for its support for five 
 months. The following is a copy of the Act: 
 
 Section 1. The Board of Education of the State of California, together with 
 the Superintendent of Common Schools in the Cities of San Francisco, Sacra- 
 mento, and Marysville, are hereby constituted (ex officio) a Board of Trustees 
 for the Normal School of the State of California, as hereinafter provided. 
 
 Sec 2. Such Board of Trustees shall be known and designated as "The 
 Board of Trustees of the State Normal School," and they shall have power to 
 
12 Historical Sketch. 
 
 establish and maintain, in the City of San Francisco, or at such other place as 
 the Legislature may hereafter direct, a Normal School, for the free instruction 
 in the theory and practice of teaching of such citizens of this State as may 
 desire to engage as teachers in the public schools thereof; to prescribe a course 
 of study for such Normal School, and the text-books to be used therein; to 
 examine, employ, and fix the salaries of teachers therein ; to hold stated exami- 
 nations of the pupils attending such Normal School, and to award diplomas 
 and certificates, as hereinafter provided ; to arrange and effect all the details 
 necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act. 
 
 Sec. 3. The said Board of Trustees shall, on or before the first day of June, 
 A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-two, arrange for the opening of such Normal 
 School, and may, in their discretion, adopt the Normal School now existing in 
 the City of San Francisco, and may also agree with the Board of Education of 
 said city for the establishment of an Experimental School, to be connected with 
 such Normal School; also, for the use of buildings, furniture, apparatus, etc., 
 necessary for the same; provided, that the sessions of such Normal and Experi- 
 mental School shall be held in the day time, at least once each day for fiye days 
 of each week, during five months of each year. 
 
 Sec. 4. Females, of fifteen years or over, or any male of the age of eighteen 
 years or over, shall be entitled to admission, as pupils in such Normal and 
 Experimental School, upon declaring, in writing, to the Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction, his or her intention to engage permanently in teaching in 
 the common schools of this State; provided, that all persons applying for 
 admission as pupils may be instructed in said school for such rates of tuition 
 as the Board of Trustees may determine. 
 
 Sec 5. The seats in such Normal School shall be apportioned among the 
 applicants therefor from the different counties of this State, as near as may be, 
 in proportion to the representation of such counties in the State Legislature. 
 
 Sec. 6. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall visit the said school 
 at least once in each month, and, at the end of each annual session thereof, the 
 Trustees shall examine such applicants as are pupils of the Normal School, 
 regarding their proficiency in the studies of the course, and especially in their 
 knowledge of the practice of teaching and school government, and shall grant 
 diplomas to such only as give satisfactory evidence of their qualification in 
 both the studies of the course and in the practice of teaching and school gov- 
 ernment. Certificates of qualification may be issued to those who have pursued 
 only a practical course of study, specifying the grade of schools which they are 
 qualified to teach ; and such diplomas and certificates shall entitle the person 
 to whom they are awarded to teach in any common school in this State, of 
 the grade specified therein, for the term of two years from its date, without 
 further examination by the State or County Board of Examination. 
 
 Sec 7. The Trustees shall hold a meeting on the opening and closing day of 
 each annual session of such Normal School, and as much oftener as they may 
 deem necessary for the public interest. 
 
 Sec 8. The sum of three thousand dollars is hereby appropriated for the 
 purposes of this Act, payable out of the General Fund ; and the Controller of 
 State is hereby authorized and required to draw his warrant for that sum, in 
 favor of the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, to be expended by 
 them solely for the purposes of this Act; and they shall report annually, on or 
 before the tenth day of January of each year, to the State Legislature, all their 
 expenditures; also, the number of pupils attending such Normal School, their 
 name, age, and residence, and the number of diplomas and certificates of qual- 
 ification granted, and to whom; provided, that no expense incurred by said 
 
• State Normal School. 13 
 
 Board, under this Act, exceeding said sum of three thousand dollars, shall be 
 a charge against the State. 
 
 Sec. 9. This Act shall take effect from and after its passage; and all laws 
 and parts of laws inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby 
 repealed. 
 
 SUCCEEDING HISTORY. 
 
 1862-63. 
 
 (July 21, 1862— May 14, 1863.) 
 
 In pursuance of the Act passed May 2, 1862, the Board of Trus- 
 tees held their first meeting May 23, 1862, at the office of the 
 Governor, in Sacramento, and organized by electing Governor 
 Stanford Chairman, and Superintendent Tait Secretary. There 
 were present at this meeting, Governor Leland Stanford, Surveyor- 
 General J. F. Houghton, State Superintendent A. J. Moulder, 
 City Superintendent George Tait of San Francisco, and City 
 Superintendent G. Taylor of Sacramento. 
 
 The Board accepted the offer of the San Francisco Board of 
 Education tendering to the Normal School the use of a vacant room 
 in the High School building, together with apparatus. The Beni- 
 cia Board of Education offered the use of the old State House, 
 but the offer could not be accepted, as the Act established the 
 school at San Francisco. It was decided to publish in one news- 
 paper of San Francisco, Sacramento, and Marysville, respectively, 
 the intention of the Board to open the Normal School on the third 
 Monday in July, and applicants were notified to file their names 
 with the Secretary of the Board at least three days before the 
 opening of the school. A large attendance seems to have been 
 anticipated, and there was much discussion as to the proper 
 apportionment of seats, " all desiring," as the minutes of the meet- 
 ing record, " to secure to each county in the State its proportionate 
 privileges in the school, and at the same time to afford sufficient 
 advantages to the greater number of persons who will undoubtedly 
 seek admission to the school from our large cities." The number 
 of pupils to be admitted during the first term was finally limited 
 to sixty; "provided, that at least one pupil shall be admitted from 
 each county." The examination was advertised to be held Friday, 
 July 18, 1862, in San Francisco, at the rooms of the Board of Edu- 
 
14 Historical Sketch. 
 
 cation, then located in the Odd Fellows' Building, on Montgomery- 
 Street. The rate of tuition for those not entitled to gratuitous 
 admission was fixed at $5 per month. 
 
 At a subsequent meeting, Ahira Holmes, of San Francisco, was 
 elected Principal. 
 
 The expectation that a large number would apply for admis- 
 sion was not realized. Up to the day appointed, only one appli- 
 cation was registered, and on the eighteenth day of July but five 
 applicants presented themselves. These, with one additional, 
 formed the first class organized, consisting of one gentleman and 
 five ladies, whose names are worthy of mention here as the "pio- 
 neers" of the school: Frank G. Randle, San Francisco; Nellie 
 Hart, San Francisco; P. Augusta Fink, San Francisco; Emily L. 
 Hill, San Francisco; Ellen Grant, Nevada County; Ellen S. Bald- 
 win, Contra Costa County. Four of these remained in the school 
 and graduated. Miss Grant and Miss Baldwin are still teaching 
 in the San Francisco schools; Miss Hart, now Mrs. Ramsdell, is 
 teaching in Alameda; Miss Fink taught twelve years in San Fran- 
 cisco, then married, and is now Mrs. T. C. White, of Fresno; Mr. 
 Randle is now in the office of the Southern Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany in Stockton; of Miss Hill nothing has been learned. 
 
 On Monday, July 21, 1862, the school was organized in a room 
 on the ground floor of the High School building on Powell Street. 
 Fortunately the early history of the school is preserved in the form 
 of a diary kept by Principal Holmes during the three years of his 
 administration. From this diary the following record of the open- 
 ing day is taken: 
 
 At the opening exercises of the school there were present Hon. A. J. Moul- 
 der, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and Dr. G. Tajdor, of Sacramento, 
 the former of whom made remarks to the class relative to the objects and 
 designs of the institution and their duties as pupils. Remarks were also made 
 by the Principal, regarding the course of study and the rules and regulations 
 of the school. In this manner was planted the feeble germ of the State Nor- 
 mal School in California. 
 
 The number of students increased, until, by the close of the 
 term, the school numbered thirty-one, only three of whom were 
 gentlemen. There seems to have been some disappointment to 
 the organizers of the school in the qualifications of many of the 
 students admitted. "A considerable number," it is recorded, " are 
 found exceedingly deficient in knowledge of the rudiments of the 
 common school branches, as well as in the mental discipline and 
 intellectual vigor necessary to pursuing the studies of the course 
 
State Normal School. 15 
 
 to advantage. They have been admitted on probation in accord- 
 ance with the suggestions of the Normal School Board." Another 
 difficulty frequently mentioned is the irregular attendance of pu- 
 pils, "which is a source of discouragement to the Principal, and 
 greatly detrimentals their progress and improvement." 
 
 The declaration required by the Trustees at admission was as 
 follows: 
 
 We, the subscribers, do hereby declare that it is our intention to engage per- 
 manently in teaching in the common schools of this State, and that it is our 
 object in resorting to this school to prepare ourselves for the discharge of this 
 important duty; and we moreover pledge ourselves to remain at least one term 
 in the school, and to observe faithfully all the regulations of the institution so 
 long as we continue members thereof. 
 
 It differs from the form now in use, principally in declaring the 
 intention to engage in teaching permanently, and in giving a 
 pledge to remain in the school for a definite time. Two pupils 
 attending during the first term declined to sign this declaration, 
 and were therefore required to pay tuition. 
 
 For the first three months there was no model class, and the 
 advanced pupils were " occasionally required to conduct the exer- 
 cises in geography, arithmetic," etc. 
 
 October 31. — A Model Class was organized to-day in connection with the Nor- 
 mal School, located on Fourth Street near Mission, and placed under the charge 
 of Miss H. M. Clark, formerly a teacher in the Model Department of the Nor- 
 mal School in Toronto. About thirty pupils have been received into the class, 
 selected from the different Primaries of the city. These pupils are all girls, 
 averaging about seven years of age. 
 
 November 12. — The Normal School was to-day removed to the old Music Hall, 
 over the room occupied by the Model School. Although the room is more 
 spacious than the one in which the sessions of the school have hitherto been 
 held, it is in every way unsuitable for school purposes, being without facilities 
 for ventilation, located on a noisy thoroughfare, and in close proximity to the 
 street, and having windows onry on one side. It is often almost impossible to 
 hear the pupils distinctly when conducting class exercises, so great is the con- 
 fusion produced by the sounds from the street. 
 
 November 20. — A Grammar Department of the Model School has also been 
 formed, consisting principally of pupils from some of the City Grammar Schools, 
 and Miss Clark has been appointed to conduct it. The Primary Department 
 has been placed in charge of Miss K. Sullivan, formerly a teacher in one of the 
 Chicago Primary Schools. The Model Grammar Department consists at pres- 
 ent of only eighteen pupils. The members of the first division of the Normal 
 School will be detailed to teach in both classes of the Model School. 
 
 December 21. — The first semi-annual examination of the Normal School took 
 place to-day. The Superintendent of Public Instruction, A. J. Moulder, several 
 of the public school teachers of the city, and some of the friends of the pupils 
 were present. The examination was exclusively oral, and the exercises were 
 interspersed with calisthenics and vocal music. None of the pupils were found 
 qualified to graduate. 
 
1 6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 The Act establishing the school provided for but one session of 
 five months, but as there was a balance of the appropriation still 
 on hand, sufficient for the expenses of the school for two months, 
 the Board decided to open a second session, and trust to the liber- 
 ality of the Legislature to carry it through. The school was there- 
 fore reopened January 12, 1863, and in answer to an appeal from 
 the Board, the Legislature granted an additional appropriation of 
 twelve hundred dollars, enabling the Board to continue the session 
 until May fourteenth. During the term, three special teachers 
 were employed — Mr. Elliott in music, Mr. Burgess in drawing, 
 and Mdlle. Parbt in calisthenics. Dr. Henry Gibbons gave, gratu- 
 itously, a series of lectures on botany. More time was spent in the 
 Model Class, and students were sometimes detailed to act as sub- 
 stitutes in the San Francisco public schools. 
 
 The principal event of the term was the Third California State 
 Teachers' Institute, held in Piatt's Hall during the week begin- 
 ning May 4, 1863. The Board of Trustees ordered that the school 
 be adjourned for the week, to attend the Institute. Accordingly, 
 the names of the. students of the Normal School appear on the 
 register as members of the Institute. At the request of the Board 
 and of the managers of the Institute, the teachers of the Model 
 School appeared with their classes, and gave exercises in' lan- 
 guage, spelling, oral instruction,' etc., which are spoken of in the 
 report of proceedings in very high terms. A calisthenic drill 
 given by a class from the Normal School is thus described: 
 
 Mdlle. Parbt, their instructress, a graduate of Dr. Dio Lewis' famous Institute 
 at Boston, appeared at the head in calisthenic uniform, and ordered the class 
 through a series of half a dozen different exercises, performed to music on the 
 piano. First, wooden dumb-bells were handled, then rings, then little bags con- 
 taining Indian corn were circulated with wonderful celerity in three or four 
 different ways, and finally broom-sticks were brought into requisition, in a 
 semi-military performance, with most graceful effect. Miss Parbt's class ob- 
 tained the unqualified approbation of the audience. 
 
 It was at this Institute that Professor S. I. C. Swezey delivered 
 the able address on State Normal Schools, from which the quota- 
 tion at the opening of this sketch is taken. At the close of his 
 address, he spoke of the California Normal School as follows: 
 
 In our adopted State the experiment of sustaining a Normal School is about 
 to close its first year. The difficulties have been very great; but one difficulty, 
 which was perhaps the most dreaded, has been entirely removed. It was feared 
 that where other employments afford so great inducements for active minds, 
 there would be no students for a Normal School. But even now the number 
 is estimated by the score, and not by the unit. The year has demonstrated 
 
State Normal School. 1 7 
 
 that even here, in the land of gold, there are young men and women who are 
 willing to give themselves for the benefit of the race, and who, after full knowl- 
 edge of the conditions, have accepted them all, and entered this institution 
 with full purpose to prepare well for the teacher's work. As soon as the organ- 
 ization is completed, and there is a chance to do for these students what they 
 need to have done, who can doubt that earnest-hearted men and women will 
 be added greatly to this noble few, and the influences already at work will con- 
 tinue increasing in power for good until the number of students shall go by 
 fifties, if not by hundreds, instead of by scores, as now. The teachers have done 
 well. Too few in number to accomplish the half of what their hearts longed 
 to accomplish, they have labored on in hope, and have brought to this institute 
 some hints of the success which the Normal methods are yet to make general 
 throughout the State. Three teachers, with so many Normal and Model pupils, 
 in such rooms as they have used, with such apparatus as was theirs — in fact, 
 no apparatus at all — have had full work in simple instruction, and could not 
 possibly have done towards the strictly professional training what ought to be 
 done. But they have cleared the way; have been the pioneers in this especial 
 work, which we hope yet to see carried on in a building and with conveniences 
 as worthy as those of our Society of California Pioneers. The Legislature and 
 the people are willing to do their part. The $3,000 given for the first year became 
 $6,000 for the coming year; and if the experiment succeeds, as the teachers of 
 the State have the power to make it, this last sum may be doubled after a time, 
 when a faculty may be secured numerous enough to do all parts of the normal 
 work well, both for the classes who will throng the rooms and for the outside 
 work among the teachers in. their various fields. * * * All the arguments 
 that support the establishment of these institutions in other States, have equal 
 force in this new land and in this early time. Other States have, indeed, waited 
 for their maturity in years before they thought of a Normal School. This State, 
 in fact, is as mature as if the fathers had lived here before the sons who are 
 working now, and has its needs as sharply defined. Most pressing of these 
 needs is — not a University, important and desirable as that is acknowledged to 
 be — but a place where teachers of the public schools can be trained as such, 
 for laying the foundation of the work which the University will eventually 
 complete and perfect. 
 
 Among the resolutions, adopted by the Institute at. the close of 
 the session, was the following: 
 
 "Whereas, We believe the State Normal School to be one of the necessities of 
 our State, and that its efficiency for the end designed is our only hope of con- 
 tinued or increased support from the State ; and, whereas, we believe it has not 
 thus far received a proper encouragement from teachers; 
 
 Resolved, That it is the imperative duty of all teachers and school officers to 
 use their efforts to secure the maximum attendance allowed by law from every 
 county of the State. 
 
 As provided by the law the annual examination was held dur- 
 ing the closing week of the school. From the diary is taken this 
 account of the first graduating day: 
 
 May 14, 1863— This being the closing day of the term, and the written exam- 
 inations having been completed, an oral examination of the pupils was con- 
 ducted by the Examining Committee, Messrs. Swett, Tait, and Swezey, assisted 
 
Historical Sketch. 
 
 by the Principal, Dr. Gibbons, and others. Exercises were conducted in most 
 of the studies of the course, and some of the members of the First Division 
 were required to conduct exercises in the Model School, before the committee, 
 as a test of their skill in imparting instruction. The exercises were quite satis- 
 factory, and most of the pupils acquitted themselves in such a manner as to 
 merit special commendation. Many teachers and friends of the pupils were 
 present. 
 
 After the examination of the manuscripts of the pupils was completed, it 
 was decided by the committee and Principal that four of those in attendance 
 during the year were entitled to receive diplomas, namely : the Misses Bertha 
 Comstock, P. Augusta Fink, Nellie Hart, and Louisa A. Mails. 
 
 It appears from a later report, that as no form of diploma had 
 yet been adopted by the Board, a certificate was issued to these 
 four students, stating that they were entitled to receive diplomas 
 whenever a form was adopted and engraved. 
 
 Thus closed the first year's work of the first California State 
 Normal School. 
 
 The total number in attendance during the year was fifty, dis- 
 tributed among twelve counties as follows: Alameda, 2; Butte, 1; 
 Contra Costa, 1; El Dorado, 1; Marin, 1; Napa, 1; Nevada, 1: 
 Sacramento, 1; San Francisco, 37; San Joaquin, 1; Santa Clara, 
 1; Solano, 2. 
 
 In his annual report, the Principal speaks with regret of the 
 small number in attendance from the mining and agricultural 
 counties, but adds that " a considerable number of those registered 
 from San Francisco must be considered as residents of other sec- 
 tions of the State," as they were living in San Francisco but tem- 
 porarily, to enjoy its educational advantages. 
 
 He speaks again of the great difficulties encountered through 
 irregular attendance, and the deficiency of the pupils in the ele- 
 mentary branches, and expresses a hope that the time may come 
 when those only will be admitted who are well advanced in all 
 the studies taught in the grammar schools. He reports: 
 
 The following branches have been taught in the school during the year: 
 Practical and mental arithmetic, physical and descriptive geography, English 
 grammar and analysis, rhetoric, composition, reading, penmanship, algebra, 
 plane geometry, physiology, natural philosophy, vocal music, calisthenics, and 
 the theory and practice of teaching. 
 
 The direct instruction on the science or methods of teaching which has been 
 given to the class, has been principally of an incidental nature, and in connec- 
 tion with the ordinary class drills. The more advanced pupils have been 
 required to conduct class exercises in the Model Department, under the super- 
 vision of one of the teachers, and have done the same in the Normal School 
 also, at every favorable opportunity. I have also conducted all the exercises 
 of the school with special reference to the cultivation of the pupils' power of 
 verbal expression; and have taken every available opportunity to call the 
 attention of the classes to the best methods of teaching the various branches. 
 
State Normal School. 19 
 
 extracts from a letter of reminiscences of this year, by mrs. augusta 
 Fink White, Class of May, 1863. 
 
 We first occupied one of the rooms of the High School building, and to its 
 teachers we are indebted for many acts of kindly interest. Professor G. W. 
 Minns, in particular, who gave us pleasant and profitable lectures and experi- 
 ments in philosophy. 
 
 Our Principal was hard worked, having to teach all the solid branches. 
 
 Among the extra teachers, I remember Professor Elliott in music; always 
 lively and pleasant, and always accompanied by his violin. Also Professor 
 Burgess, in drawing. He must have taught the conjugation of the verb "love" 
 successfully, as he selected a wife from our number. Mdlle. Parbt, in gymnas- 
 tics, who exercised us, or we exercised her, poor soul, as she did not speak English 
 very perfectly, and I fear we sometimes wished to misunderstand. Dr. Henry 
 Gibbons often visited us, and gave us interesting " talks " on physiology and 
 physical geography. The late Charles Swezey was a frequent visitor and firm 
 friend and adviser of the class. 
 
 Four graduated at the end of the year, and composed the "First Class." 
 Louisa Mails died soon after leaving school. She possessed ability, and I doubt 
 not would have reflected credit upon the teachers and school had she engaged 
 in teaching, but she passed on to a knowledge of a higher life. The remaining 
 three taught, subsequently married, and are now fulfilling their missions as 
 wives and mothers. My son asks me sometimes: "Mamma, why don't you 
 teach now ?" I wonder if, in the years to come, he will realize that the best 
 and truest teaching is that dictated by " holy mother love." 
 
 The school was afterwards moved to San Jose\ Of the results of its grand 
 work, the gradual elevation of the schools throughout the State will bear evi- 
 dence and prove the wisdom of its founders. 
 
 As I bring my reminiscences to a close, I feel grateful for the past, and proud 
 of the future of our school. While " our class " may have been small, yet, like 
 the rivulet in its tiny bed, as it unites with others, and at last becomes a mighty 
 current, so may the "Normal" send out its representatives until its influence 
 shall be as broad as truth itself. 
 
 1863-64. 
 
 (August 4, 1863— May 20, 1864.) 
 
 The California State Normal School began its second year, no 
 longer an experiment, but an established State institution. Its 
 first year of work had proved both the necessity for its existence, 
 and its possibilities of usefulness. In April, 1863, the Legislature 
 repealed the first Act, establishing the school, and approved a 
 second Act, substantially the same, embodying it as a part of the 
 State School Law.- A few minor changes were made. The Super- 
 intendent of Marysville was omitted from the Board of Trustees, 
 and the Governor was made ex officio Chairman. Applicants 
 for admission were to be examined, and were not required to 
 
20 Historical Sketch. 
 
 declare their intention to teach permanently, nor to remain any 
 given length of time in the school. No provision was made, as 
 in the former Act, for admitting, on tuition, those not intending 
 to teach. The right to issue teachers' certificates was no longer 
 given to the Board, but they were empowered to grant diplomas, 
 entitling the holders to receive from the State Board of Examina- 
 tion a second grade certificate. The State Superintendent was to 
 visit the school twice each term, instead of once a month, and 
 was to embody in his annual report a full account of the proceed- 
 ings and expenditures of the Board and of the condition of the 
 school. 
 
 The appropriation for 1863-64 was made $6,000, double the 
 original appropriation for the first year, and sufficient to continue 
 the school two terms of five months each, from August 4, 1863, 
 to May 20, 1864. 
 
 By October, 1863, the school had so increased in numbers that 
 a second teacher was needed, and H. P. Carlton, a teacher in the 
 San Francisco public schools, was appointed assistant. During 
 the same month the school was removed to a building known as 
 Assembly Hall, on the corner of Post and Kearny Streets. This 
 building, though more commodious than the one formerly occu- 
 pied, was little better fitted in other respects for Normal School 
 work. It was close to a noisy street, the partitions were of thin 
 boards, so that recitations disturbed classes in adjoining rooms, 
 and some of the rooms were cold and damp. Considerable sick- 
 ness among the pupils at this time is accounted for, in part, by 
 unhealthful class rooms. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the 
 school grew and prospered. The Principal writes of being encour- 
 aged by greater studiousness in the pupils and increased interest 
 in the work of the Model School. Visitors are frequently men- 
 tioned, among them several eastern teachers. 
 
 The primary grades of the Model School, numbering about one 
 hundred and fifty, still occupied rooms in the Fourth Street build- 
 ing, under the charge of Miss Sullivan, and the grammar grades, 
 numbering about fifty, in the Post Street building, under Miss 
 Clark. Some fifteen of the most advanced pupils in the Model 
 School were admitted to normal classes in October. 
 
 In January, 1864, the school was reorganized, and separated 
 into Senior, Junior, and Sub-Junior Classes, and a regular course 
 of study was prescribed by the Board, as follows: 
 
State Normal School. 2 1 
 
 Sub-Junior Class. 
 
 Arithmetic, Grammar, Descriptive and Physical Geography with Map Draw- 
 ing, History of United States, Penmanship, Drawing, Reading, Spelling, Oral 
 Exercises from Charts, Elocution, Blackboard-writing and Drawing, Vocal 
 Music, Calisthenics and Gymnastics, Elementary Instruction. 
 
 Jtjniob Class. 
 
 Arithmetic, Algebra, Grammar, Geography, History United States, Botany, 
 Physiology, Reading, Definitions and Spelling, English Composition, Elocu- 
 tionary Exercises, Elementary Instruction, Vocal Music, Calisthenics and Gym- 
 nastics. 
 
 Senior Class. 
 
 Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Grammar, Rhetoric, Geology, Natural Phil- 
 osophy, General History, Physiology, Botany, Physical Geography, Bookkeep- 
 ing, Select Readings, Art of Teaching, Constitution of United States, School 
 Law of California, Use of State School Registers, Forms, Blanks, and Reports, 
 Vocal Music, Calisthenics and Gymnastics. 
 
 The division into three classes made another teacher necessary, 
 and it was decided to appoint a lady. The position was filled 
 during January by Miss Mary R. Harris, a teacher from Boston. 
 Upon her resignation to take another position, she was succeeded 
 by Miss Mary D. Bod well, of Buffalo, New York. Dr. Gibbons 
 continued to lecture at different times in the year on botany, 
 physiology, and chemistry. Through the efforts of the Principal, 
 donations of minerals and plants were received, forming the nu- 
 cleus of a cabinet. By March, the library had grown to one thou- 
 sand volumes, six hundred being text-books, and the remainder 
 miscellaneous books and works of reference. Until January, 1865, 
 pupils were supplied from the library with most of the text-books 
 required. After that time they were expected to furnish their own 
 text-books. 
 
 By the new regulations, each member of the Senior Class was 
 required to spend one week in the Model School, and to write a 
 full report of the work done while there. No pupil was gradu- 
 ated who had not been a member of the school for at least five 
 months, and teachers who had the necessary scholarship, and 
 wished to avail themselves of the advantages of the Model School 
 training, were invited to enter for a five months' course. The 
 Principal speaks frequently, however, of the haste of pupils to 
 graduate, as a great hindrance to the best success of the school; 
 as indeed it is even to the present day. 
 
 The daily sessions of the school were from 10 a. m. to 3:30 p. m., 
 with an intermission at noon. 
 3 
 
22 Historical Sketch. 
 
 The highest attendance reached during the year was seventy. 
 By the close of the second year, the entire attendance, from the 
 first opening of the school, had been one hundred and twenty-six, 
 representing nineteen different counties. Twelve of the number 
 were gentlemen; twenty had engaged in teaching previous to 
 entering. 
 
 The closing exercises of the year were held in Dashaway Hall, 
 May 20, 1864, and are thus described: 
 
 The school assembled at the usual hour in the morning. The exercises of 
 the forenoon consisted of the reading of original essa3rs and selections by mem- 
 bers of the graduating class, original declamations by the young gentlemen, 
 singing, under the direction of Mr. Elliot, and calisthenic exercises by all the 
 pupils. In the afternoon similar exercises were held until three o'clock, at 
 which time Dr. Bellows, President of the Sanitary Commission, addressed the 
 school. His address was followed by one to the graduating class, from George 
 W. Minns, of the San Francisco High School. The Principal of the school then 
 delivered the diplomas to the graduating class, making a short address. The 
 State Superintendent, Mr. Swett, then followed with remarks to the class, and 
 delivered to them the State certificates to which they were entitled. The Rev. 
 A. E. Kittridge then addressed the school in an eloquent and appropriate 
 speech. The exercises were interspersed with vocal music and calisthenics. 
 
 Normal School graduates were already in demand. By the 
 middle of June, nearly all of the nineteen members of the gradu- 
 ating class had secured positions, five of them in the San Fran- 
 cisco schools. 
 
 Reminiscences by Martin V. Ashbrook, Class of May, 1864. 
 
 Your favor is at hand, requesting my salutation as an ancient to the modern 
 Normal giant. Since my first acquaintance with the school, it has, indeed, 
 grown from a pigmy to a giant. My introduction to the school was made in 
 the fall of 1862. It was then held in a side room of the High School of San 
 Francisco, on Powell Street. The room most resembled a hat room deprived 
 of its racks and improvised with rickety seats. 
 
 The Normalites were intruders upon the domain of the High School pupils ; 
 hence had no rights they could call their own. 
 
 Ahira Holmes was Principal, Vice-Principal, Assistant, and Professor to all 
 the twenty-five Normalites — that is, when they were in attendance. On semi- 
 occasions, Mr. Holmes shed his many sided dignities and responsibilities, and 
 allowed the Hope of the Golden West (us, the Normalites) to slip into side and 
 back seats to hear Professor Minns give an illustrated lecture to his class in 
 chemistry. In the beginning of 1863 we were moved to a tumble-down two- 
 story wooden structure on Fourth Street, and to our great regret lost the lec- 
 tures of Professor Minns, save only one which we went back to Powell Street 
 to hear. The place we went to was worse than the room we left ; for while it 
 stood upon what can well be termed a stable foundation, it was shaky, and its 
 outside stairs upon their two posts were shaky. 
 
 When vehicles went rumbling over their cobbled way we suspended class 
 exercises; we had to, for the tremble, rattle, roar, and clatter drowned human 
 
State Normal School. 23 
 
 voices. We had further misfortunes ; there were neither maps, apparatus, nor 
 books of reference in or about our school. We had one piece of furniture other 
 than our seats and desks — a piano, hired by the pupils. 
 
 During the first term of 1863 the school waned and waxed. In waning it went 
 down to about twenty, then ran up to about thirty pupils. It trembled in the 
 balance. The pupils held council what to do — to forsake the institution in a 
 body, or continue faithful to the end. The decision was to stay with the school, 
 old house and all. We were faithful to the end. From that date the school has 
 gone on to prosperity. 
 
 In perusing these hasty lines, allow me to pay my respects to my classmates, 
 and say, you were heroines in meeting and overcoming obstacles almost insur- 
 mountable, and were worthy to represent the State in its forefront of intel- 
 lectual battle; but understand that vice versa does not come in here; for at 
 that time there were on the Pacific Coast few schools opening their portals to 
 overgrown country louts. It was a sight to see a bearded youth carry school 
 books. I had to go there or stay out of school. 
 
 I could tell many incidents of school teachers and classmates; but time and 
 space admonish that a few incidents, and those mostly personal, must close this. 
 
 Thomas Starr King was expected to address our graduating class, but death 
 rowed him over the dark river, and Rev. Drs, Kittridge and Bellows addressed 
 us in old Dashaway Hall, and Hon. John Swett distributed our diplomas. 
 
 After graduation I took a small school on San Pablo Creek, and taught one 
 year; from thence to Antioch for two years ; thence to Walnnt Creek one year, 
 and from thence to Crescent City three years. So I was the pioneer Normal 
 teacher in the counties of Contra Costa and Del Norte. 
 
 I never had school trouble and could have had each school longer, but pre- 
 ferred to change for higher grades and advanced wages. 
 
 I attributed my little success in teaching to my early realizing that what I 
 had learned in the Normal School would only make a small and fragmentary 
 volume, and what I did not know would make many volumes. 
 
 1864-65. 
 
 (July 11, 1864— May 31, 1865.) 
 
 Through the school year 1864-65 the records show a continued 
 increase in attendance and in the efficiency of the school. The 
 growing interest and confidence throughout the State in the Nor- 
 mal School work, is best shown by the fact that twenty-three 
 counties were represented by the new students admitted during 
 the year. The same number of teachers was employed in the 
 Normal classes. Miss Bodwell, who resigned to take a position 
 in the Girls' High School, was succeeded, in July, 1864, by Miss 
 Eliza W. Houghton, a teacher from the High School, Providence, 
 Rhode Island. 
 
 Miss Clark resigned her position as Principal of the Model 
 School, and Miss Sullivan was elected Principal. In consequence 
 of their being but one teacher to criticise the pupil teachers, the 
 
24 Historical Sketch. 
 
 work of the Model School was not so efficient as formerly. An 
 arrangement was made with the San Francisco Board of Educa- 
 tion, by which four Normal students were detailed each week to 
 teach, either as substitutes or assistants, in the city public schools, 
 the Principals of the schools in which they taught being required 
 to make a report of their work to the Principal of the Normal 
 School. This arrangement did not prove altogether satisfactory, 
 as these pupils had no special supervision or criticism. It made 
 it possible, however, to increase the amount of practice, so that 
 each member in the Senior Class spent about one fourth of the 
 time in teaching. 
 
 A larger proportion of young men entered the school, and as a 
 result, a lyceum was organized, holding literary exercises and 
 debates on Friday afternoons. 
 
 Important additions were made to the cabinet, the principal 
 being a collection of fine mineral specimens from D. C. Stone, 
 Principal of the Marysville schools. 
 
 Two classes were graduated during the year: one in Decem- 
 ber, 1864, numbering nine; the other in June, 1865, numbering 
 fourteen. Among the graduating exercises is given the admin- 
 istering of the Oath of Allegiance, which was then required, by 
 legislative Act, of all teachers, before their certificates were issued. 
 
 Reminiscences by Augusta Cameron Bainbridge, Glass of June, 1865. 
 
 When the State Normal School opened for the first session in the "Old Music 
 Hall," on Fourth Street, in San Francisco,, I was a pupil in the Model School, 
 lower floor. What a glad day it was for us when we were invited up stairs to 
 see the first class graduate! There were no white dresses, no immense audi- 
 ence, no show or display to attract our attention ; but such earnest faces ! A 
 very strong sense of the real side of life came to us, as we listened to the exer- 
 cises. Several good speeches were made by gentlemen present, picturing the 
 future of the State Normal; but when John Swett addressed the class so seri- 
 ously, and yet so cheerfully, and sent them on their mission with hope beaming 
 brightly before them, a teacher's calling seemed the grandest on earth, and we 
 longed the more intensely for the time to come when we could take our 
 diplomas and join their band. 
 
 When the Model School disbanded, we all entered the State Normal, and a 
 proud party of girls we were as we took up our march to the old Assembly 
 Hall, on Post Street, near Kearny. The rooms were much more comfortable 
 than those we had left, but the main assembly room, with blackboards on both 
 sides, and its two tall windows, was our delight. We had patent desks, with 
 chairs, and there were four rows. How neat and tasty it seemed ! A fine piano, 
 a good desk for the teacher, and a cabinet for minerals, curiosities, etc., and a 
 fine, large globe were what I first noticed. Three classes were formed, Senior, 
 Junior, and Sub-Junior. The school numbered about seventy-five in all. With 
 one or two of my mates I entered the Junior Class, and found great delight in 
 my studies. 
 
State Normal School. 25 
 
 The programme varied little save on Fridays. After roll call — I can hear it 
 yet — singing by the school; reading of the scriptures by the Principal, and the 
 usual opening remarks; a tap of the bell brought us all to our feet, the Junior 
 Class to go to the front class-room, through the front hall, the Sub-Juniors to 
 the back class-room through the back hall, and the Seniors to the front seats. 
 At 10:40 o'clock we came to the assembly room for recess; then another tap, 
 and another change. At first it seemed disorderly, but, as we became accus- 
 tomed to the routine, and learned to move quietly, we enjoyed it. 
 
 Mr. A. Holmes, the Principal, was stern and exact, and though in many 
 things he seemed hard, he did a good work for us. H. P. Carlton was kind and 
 good, and stirred up all that was noble in us, thus helping us to see and love 
 the better side of everything. Miss Houghton, with her pleasant, lady-like 
 ways, was a pattern we loved to imitate. 
 
 Our arithmetic, algebra, philosophy, reading, and spelling we recited to the 
 Principal in the main room. While physiology, history, and grammar we 
 recited to Mr. Carlton. Our blackboard work in the assembly room was often 
 very extensive. None of us will ever forget its trials and its triumphs. On 
 Fridays Mr. Burgess came to instruct us in penmanship and drawing. Dr. 
 Gibbons also gave us lectures on physiology, using charts and other means of 
 illustration. 
 
 How proud we were of our Seniors ! Julia Clayton's pretty ways ; Jane Day, 
 so precise; Annie Jewett, so bright and such a good talker, and withal so kind 
 to us "Junes;" Jane Smith, so brisk and prompt; and Eva Solomon, who played 
 and sang so well. That graduating class of May, 1864, meant much to us. It 
 seemed sad to lose them all ; and life began to be more earnest when we had to 
 stand in the front of the battle. 
 
 Several new studies were added to our curriculum — ancient history, chem- 
 istry, mental philosophy, bookkeeping, and natural history. Mrs. Dr. Young 
 gave us a very interesting series of lectures on physiology, and illustrated them 
 with the manikin that the Board had just bought of her. Madam Parbt gave 
 us lessons in calisthenics, and was followed by Professor Robinson, and he by 
 Professor Knowlton, who also added vocal culture. What good times we had 
 with the wands, rings, dumb-bells, and even free calisthenics ! Miss Carrie 
 Menges, or Miss Carrie Field, or myself, used to lead the school when Professor 
 Knowlton was not there. Carrie Menges was a grand commander. She 
 scolded us roundly, and made us try again if we failed. 
 
 Our Lyceum, which met on Friday evenings, was our pride. Probably we 
 should smile now at what we then thought were wonderful productions of 
 genius. We girls took little part in the debates, but enjoyed music, essays, reci- 
 ations, and criticism. Miss Youngberg wrote a few chronicles that were pro- 
 nounced excellent. Our paper was above the average, we thought. Opinions 
 were divided as to whether W. P. Bradshaw or H. E. McBride made the best 
 President, but both were good. 
 
 The December class of 1864 graduated out of our class. I passed the exami- 
 nation and stood high, but barely fifteen years could I call my own ; therefore 
 Mr. John Swett advised me to review, and graduate with the next class. 
 
 We missed them very much, but a few new ones were added, and soon the 
 usual order was restored, and we were as busy as bees. How we patronized the 
 Juniors, and how we love to think of them now! Jennie Greer, who was so 
 kind, and always ready to play and sing for us, and who petted and nursed us 
 all when we felt ill or disheartened. Mr. Loutitt, whom we would laugh at, but 
 could not outwit. J. F. Kennedy, who would toss his head so independently 
 as he marched up to the blackboard to give an explanation any of us might 
 
26 Historical Sketch. 
 
 envy. Mary Hall, so earnest in her studies that a joke seemed mockery. Nettie 
 Doud, whose merry laugh set every ringlet dancing. Lillie Gummer's sprightly 
 ways, and Almira Flint's fair face. 
 
 In our own class Anna Gibbons, with her quiet Quaker ways, was the decided 
 favorite; Florence Morgan, sweet and pretty; Mary Perkins, our baby, we 
 called her; Fannie Nicols, whose quaint ways covered a kindly heart; Cornelia 
 Campbell, who used to declare so earnestly that she "never would marry, but 
 would teach all her life " — I can see them all as I write, and heartily wish we 
 could meet again ; for the saddest thought in connection with our school life 
 is, that we, who were once so near, should so soon lose sight of each other and 
 drift apart. 
 
 Our graduating day was a very bright one. The hall was filled with visitors. 
 Miss Clark, our dear teacher at the Model, came and brought her pictures. I 
 was very proud of the honor of being the first native Californian to graduate 
 from the Normal, and not yet sixteen years of age. The law now in force, which 
 prevents such "hot-house growth," is a good one for the school and for the 
 State. After the essays, addresses, etc., our class conferred on me the privilege 
 of presenting the steel engraving "Milton Dictating his Last Poem" to our 
 teacher, Mr. A. Holmes. The Juniors presented H. P. Carlton with a copy of 
 Webster's Unabridged, and the Sub-Juniors also gave Miss Houghton some- 
 thing nice. 
 
 I taught three years and a half in San Francisco, and am now teaching my 
 fifteenth year in this county. 
 
 The onward march of the State Normal has been a source of great satisfac- 
 tion to me; but those who see it now in its glory and pride have little idea of 
 its earlier struggles, and all honor should be paid to its founders; particularly 
 to Mr. John Swett, who labored for its welfare so untiringly. 
 
 1865-66. 
 
 (July 10, 1865— June 7, 1866.) 
 
 In June, 1865, Mr. George W. Minns, Principal of the Boys' 
 High School, was elected Principal of the California State Normal 
 School. H. P. Carlton was reelected first assistant, and Miss E. W. 
 Houghton, second assistant. 
 
 The school opened for the year, July 10, 1865, in Dashaway 
 Hall, the Model School being for a time disbanded. After about 
 six weeks it was transferred to the Lincoln School building, then 
 just completed. In September it was again removed, this time 
 to a primary school building between the Lincoln School and St. 
 Ignatius College, the entrance being on Market Street. Here the 
 Normal School found a permanent home during the remainder of 
 its stay in San Francisco, and though far from suitable for Normal 
 School purposes, the building was a great improvement upon those 
 previously occupied. It had, at least, the advantage of a retired 
 and comparatively quiet location. 
 
State Normal School. 27 
 
 A Training School of four classes was formed from classes in 
 the city schools; Mrs. C. H. Stout was appointed by the City 
 Board of Education as Principal, and Miss Helen M. Clark, 
 assistant. As had been the custom in previous years, the salary 
 of the Principal of the Training School was paid by the city, and 
 the salary of the assistant by the State. 
 
 In January, 1866, Miss Clark resigned her position, and was 
 succeeded by Mrs. John Swett. 
 
 During the year each member of the Senior Class spent four 
 weeks in the Training School. 
 
 By a resolution of the Board of Trustees, no pupils were admit- 
 ted to the normal classes from the San Francisco schools after 
 June, 1865, until they had passed the examination for the High 
 School. 
 
 Two classes were graduated, as in the year previous, a class of 
 eleven, December 16, 1865, and a class of twenty-two, June 7, 1866. 
 
 In his annual report, Mr. Minns recommended that the long, 
 written examination, customary at the close of each term, be held 
 but once a year, and that there be but one class graduated during 
 the year. He says: 
 
 I have no doubt the Trustees will discourage the idea which some pupils 
 appear to entertain, that they can learn all that is necessary for them to know 
 to qualify them to become good teachers, in one term of the Normal School. 
 Another objection to the present course is, that some actually enter the school 
 merely to see how soon they can obtain a diploma, and only for the sake of the 
 diploma; and not from a desire to learn systematically and thoroughly the 
 different branches of their profession. 
 
 He urges the different counties of the State to contribute to the 
 cabinet specimens in geology and natural history, and suggests 
 that the school be made the medium of interchange of specimens 
 among the different counties; also, that the Legislature make an 
 appropriation for the purchase of apparatus. 
 
 Extract from Governor Low's Message on Public Schools, January, 1866. 
 
 The Normal School has increased in usefulness during the last two years, 
 and has fully demonstrated the fact that it is an indispensable auxiliary in the 
 educational plan of the State. 
 
 Extract from the Report of State Superintendent Swett, 1865. 
 
 I take pleasure, in behalf of the Board of Trustees, in paying a merited 
 tribute to the efficiency with which all the teachers of the Normal School have 
 discharged their duties. Their positions are the highest and most responsible 
 in the State. The Board of Trustees have paid them liberal salaries, have 
 expected them to do their duty well, and have not been disappointed. The 
 
Histoi'ical Sketch. 
 
 school is rapidly gaining ground, and its influence is beginning to be felt on 
 the common schools of the State. Many persons who have been engaged in 
 teaching for years, enter the school to better fit themselves for their profession. 
 Most of the graduates who have gone out to teach, have proved themselves 
 accomplished teachers. The Normal School is a part of the public school sys- 
 tem of education, and every dollar expended in its support tends to elevate 
 the character of the common schools. 
 
 At the close of the school year Mr. Minns asked for a leave of 
 absence for five months to visit the East. The request was granted, 
 and the following resolution was adopted by the Board: 
 
 Resolved, That the thanks of the Board of State Normal School Trustees be 
 tendered to Mr. George W. Minns for the able manner in which he has discharged 
 the duties of Principal of the State Normal School during the past year, and that 
 the Secretary of the Board be instructed to present him with a general letter of 
 introduction to eastern educators, expressive of their high appreciation of his 
 educational services in this State during the past ten years. 
 
 Mr. H. P. Carlton was promoted to the principalship of the 
 school for the next year, and Miss Houghton to the position of 
 First Assistant. Mrs. C. R. Beale was elected to take the position 
 made vacant by the promotion of Miss Houghton. 
 
 The graduating exercises, June 7, 1866, were held in Lincoln 
 Hall, and occupied the whole day and evening, with intermissions. 
 Essays were read by fourteen of the graduating class; sample 
 exercises were given with classes from the Training School; and 
 the whole was interspersed with music and calisthenics. Mr. 
 Minns was presented with a handsome service of silver plate from 
 his pupils, and a gold watch and chain from the teachers of San 
 Francisco. In his closing entry on the school records, he says: 
 " I desire to leave on record here an expression of my heartfelt 
 thanks for the many kindnesses which I have received from all 
 connected with the great cause of education. I can never forget 
 my warm-hearted California friends. " 
 
 Reminiscences of the Year, by Silas A. White, Class of June, 1866. 
 
 Seventeen young women and five men were graduated in June, 1866. A more 
 industrious class I have never known. Several had taught for years; Mr. Hum- 
 phreys, Mr. Noah T. Flood, John A. Moore, and the writer of this had served 
 an apprenticeship in the Eastern States. I had taught three years in this State. 
 Every time I was employed to teach a new school I was obliged to submit to a 
 reexamination. I presume some of our classmates sympathized with the "old 
 fellows " who had to go to school, because from the first day we were made wel- 
 come, and though well bearded, were not regarded as interlopers. John Swett, 
 who was a Trustee of the school, had already systematized the school law and 
 laid the foundation of the excellent system under which we are working to-day. 
 Bernhard Marks was another earnest friend. They were constant and atten- 
 
State Normal School. 29 
 
 tive visitors. In the infancy of the school, to be a Trustee implied labor, per- 
 sonal attention, and watchfulness. John Swett is the Horace Mann of this coast. 
 The earnest class feeling and desire for self-improvement was engendered by 
 him and fostered by our revered Principal, Geo. W. Minns. I never think of 
 this good man without desiring to be like him. 
 
 We occupied four contiguous rooms, connected by folding doors, on the second 
 floor of a miserable, old, wooden structure, back of the Lincoln School. It was 
 reached by a narrow passage leading in from Market Street. We had a few 
 antiquated charts, worn out maps, and a globe. I must not forget the old man- 
 ikin, one half interest belonging to the city, the other half to the State. If we 
 had but little to do with, in the way of apparatus, we used that little well. Our 
 teachers, by zeal, ability, and personal interest in their pupils, more than made 
 up the lack of accommodations and equipments. Henry P. Carlton (specialties, 
 physiology and normal training) was indefatigable, and accurate in marking 
 examination papers. Miss Houghton commanded our respect by her dignity 
 and grace. Her specialties were English grammar, literature, and belles-lettres. 
 
 Mrs. Stout was Principal of the Model School. Her assistant was Mrs. John 
 Swett, one of the kindest teachers and best women I have ever known. She 
 was of invaluable service to me by criticism, suggestion, and encouragement. 
 This Model or Training Department, down stairs, was to those who had expe- 
 rience, the most valuable adjunct of the State Normal school. I have taught 
 in these city schools nearly twenty-three years. Had it not been for that able 
 Faculty, the stimulus of my classmates, and the professional standing 
 accorded to a graduate of the school, I should have ceased to teach. George 
 W. Minns was a remarkable teacher, for his range of knowledge and his won- 
 derful felicity in imparting it. In astronomy, botany, physical geography, or 
 the higher mathematics, he seemed equally at home. He would hold us spell- 
 bound, entranced by the power of his thought and the magic of his words. 
 Whether his topic was a picture of the magnificent victoria regia, or a date 
 palm, or a rounded pebble from the seashore, he was always captivating, 
 always instructive. 
 
 Almost the entire class have taught; many are teaching still. Some have 
 died with the harness on ; others will. God bless our teachers of " auld lang 
 syne." 
 
 1866-67. 
 
 (July 5, 1866— June 3, 1867.) 
 
 By an Act approved in March, 1866, the State Board of Edu- 
 cation was made to consist of the Governor, the State Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, the Principal of the State Normal 
 School, the Superintendents of Schools of the City and County of 
 San Francisco, Sacramento County, Santa Clara County, and San 
 Joaquin County, and two professional teachers, nominated by the 
 State Superintendent and elected by the Board. 
 
 By the same Act, the State Board of Education, except the 
 Principal of the State Normal School, constituted the Board of 
 Trustees of the State Normal School. The State Superintendent 
 
30 Historical Sketch. 
 
 was made the Executive Agent and Secretary of the Board, with 
 the same duties as in the former Act. The Board was empowered 
 to appoint an Executive Committee to audit bills. Other rules 
 governing the Board were made more specific than before. The 
 age of admission to the school for males was changed to seventeen. 
 It was made the duty of the Principal of the Normal School to 
 attend Institutes; also, to make an annual report to the Board, 
 including a catalogue of members of the school, which was to be 
 printed, and copies furnished to all other Normal Schools in the 
 United States. It was further provided that a biennial appropri- 
 ation of $16,000 be made for the support of the Normal School. 
 
 On July 5, 1866, the school entered on its fifth year. The course 
 of study was considerably modified. Some of the higher branches 
 were omitted, allowing more time for professional work. The course 
 required that in each class not less than half an hour each day 
 must be devoted exclusively to instruction in methods of teaching 
 and school government. Two pupils from the Senior Class and 
 two from the Junior were detailed each week to teach, and two 
 from the Sub-Junior Class each day to observe in the Training 
 Schools. Reports were required from the teachers in charge, giv- 
 ing the standing of pupil teachers in the following points: Punctu- 
 ality, neatness, thoroughness, energy, government, self-possession 
 and manner, ability to interest pupils, teaching manners and mor- 
 als, calisthenics, tact in teaching, carefulness. 
 
 No class was graduated at the middle of the year, and in place 
 of the usual closing exercises in December, the pupils gave a liter- 
 ary entertainment, the proceeds of which were expended in addi- 
 tions to the library and cabinet. The California Teacher of that 
 date comments as follows: 
 
 The Normal School closed on the eleventh of December with a very pleasant 
 elocutionary, literary, and calisthenic entertainment in Lincoln Hall. The 
 readings by the young ladies were excellent, and give evidence of careful train- 
 ing by their teachers. The singing was good, and the calisthenic exercises were 
 altogether the best we have ever seen. We commend the good taste of the 
 pupils and teachers in dispensing with the clap-trap of theatrical imitations, 
 and giving the audience what was infinitely better, a literary treat. 
 
 The Principal, in his report to the Board, says: 
 
 This entertainment had an excellent effect upon the school, manifest through 
 the entire following term. It was a trial of ability, and was successful. It 
 removed, to a considerable degree, the impression that had hitherto existed, 
 that the school was of an inferior grade, and occupied only a secondary position 
 compared with others and with our High Schools. The exercises were spoken 
 of by the press, without exception, as being of a superior order; and the classes, 
 
State Normal School. 31 
 
 particularly the class in calisthenics, were publicly complimented by the State 
 Superintendent for their proficiency. These friendly notices developed confi- 
 dence and self-reliance in the pupils, and made them hopeful for the future, 
 and was altogether salutary. 
 
 The attendance was larger than in any previous year, reaching 
 at one time one hundred and twenty-five, every seat being taken 
 and many applicants rejected for want of room. This number 
 was diminished toward the close of the year by the unusual de- 
 mand upon the school to supply teachers. Over twenty from the 
 different classes, some even from the Sub-Junior, left to take posi- 
 tions in various parts of the State, and, as shown by letters received 
 by the Principal, gave " good satisfaction." 
 
 From the opening of the school, in July, 1862, up to the close 
 of this year, there had been three hundred and eighty-five pupils 
 admitted to the school, representing thirty-three counties of the 
 State. 
 
 A class of thirty-one received their diplomas June 3, 1867. The 
 percentages received by students in the studies of the Senior Class 
 and in the Training School were recorded on the back of the 
 diplomas. 
 
 1867-68. 
 
 (July 8, 1867— May 28, 1868.) 
 
 The resignation of Mr. Minns having been received, the Board 
 of Trustees in July, 1867, elected Mr. George Tait Principal of the 
 Normal School, and H. P. Carlton and Miss Houghton assistants. 
 The Board adopted a resolution tendering their thanks to Mrs. 
 Beale, whose services were now no longer needed, for the able and 
 satisfactory manner in which she had discharged her duties as 
 assistant teacher. 
 
 Mr. Tait was for four years City Superintendent of Schools in 
 San Francisco, and was one of the earliest and warmest friends of 
 the school. Both on account of his wide experience and personal 
 fitness for the position, the appointment was considered a fortunate 
 one for the school. 
 
 Mr. Tait did not, however, hold the position long. In February, 
 1868, he resigned to engage in real estate business, and Mr. Carl- 
 ton was again made Principal for the remainder of the year. 
 During this year again two classes were graduated — November 
 29, 1867, a class often; and May 28, 1868, a class of thirty-eight. 
 
32 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Extract from the Report of State Superintendent Swett, 1867. 
 
 The design of the Normal School is to provide well trained teachers for the 
 common schools of the State. More than nine tenths of the pupils since its 
 organization have been young ladies who desired to fit themselves to engage in 
 teaching City Primary Schools or ungraded Country Primary Schools. 
 
 It has been my object as the Executive Agent of the Board of Trustees, keep- 
 ing these facts in view, to limit the course of study to the elementary branches ; 
 to require a large share of time to be devoted to practical work in the Training 
 School, and to the study of the methods of teaching, and thus to graduate on a 
 fair standard of scholarship as many teachers as possible, fitted to engage in 
 Primary and Ungraded Schools. 
 
 Many of the young men and young women in the school have been strug- 
 gling along to secure for themselves, and often for dependent parents, a liveli- 
 hood by teaching. This has been an additional reason why the course of study 
 has been kept down to a minimum. 
 
 The great demand in this State is for good teachers in the lower grade public 
 schools, and it is in these schools that good teachers are most needed to make 
 the system efficient. 
 
 Skill in teaching, with average scholarship in studies, for the common schools, 
 is more desirable than the highest scholarship without a knowledge of the prac- 
 tical methods to be pursued in the school-room. 
 
 The revised school law provides that the graduates of the Normal School 
 shall receive State certificates of a grade to be determined by the State Board 
 of Examination. Under this provision certificates have been awarded to grad- 
 uates according to ability and scholarship— some receiving diplomas, some first 
 grade, and others second grade and third grade certificates. 
 
 Five members of the last graduating class had taught school from one to 
 three years previous to entering the school; their standing was high, and they 
 received State educational diplomas, which entitled them to teach as Principals 
 of Grammar Schools. Six members of the class, whose standing was 80 per 
 cent, received first grade certificates ; eleven received second grade; and nine, 
 whose standing was from 70 to 75 per cent, received only third grade certifi- 
 cates, which entitled them to teach only in Primary Schools.* 
 
 This seems to me to be a fair way of graduating pupils, according to ability 
 and attainments. I am not aware that it is pursued in any other Normal 
 School in the United States, but I feel confident it will be found the very best 
 plan, even though it is without a precedent. 
 
 The percentage of a member of the graduating class is determined by taking 
 into consideration the standing in recitation records during the term, the 
 report of success in the Training School, and the result of the written exam- 
 ination at the close of the term. 
 
 Work of Graduates up to the Fall of 1867, as Given by Superintendent 
 Swett in the Same Report. 
 
 Of the first graduating class, May, 1863, four young ladies, all engaged in 
 teaching. Two of them, Miss Comstock and Miss Fink, are still teaching in 
 the city schools. Miss Nellie Hart is married, and Miss Mails is dead. 
 
 Of the second class, 1864, nineteen members, all engaged in teaching. Five of 
 the young ladies are married, and the rest are teaching. Miss Annie Jewett, 
 Miss Lizzie Jewett, Miss Susie Carey, and Miss Jennie Smith have all distin- 
 
 *In July, 1867, the standard for graduation was fixed by the Board at not 
 less than 80 per cent. 
 
State Normal School. 33 
 
 guished themselves as superior teachers in the various positions which they 
 have filled. Mr. Ashbrook, the first young man who was graduated from the 
 school, is engaged in teaching in Contra Costa County. 
 
 Of the third class, of nine members, all engaged in teaching, and all but two 
 are still teaching. Mr. McBride has been for three years sub-master of the 
 Washington Grammar School. Miss Carrie Field is head assistant of the Spring 
 Valley Grammar School, and Miss Davis is a most successful primary teacher 
 in the Fourth Street School. 
 
 The fourth class, June, 1865, numbered fourteen members, all of whom 
 engaged in teaching. Nine of these are now teaching in San Francisco, one is 
 married, and one has gone to Oregon. 
 
 Of the fifth class, eleven members, six are teaching in San Francisco. Mr. 
 Louttit is teaching a grammar school at Brooklyn, and has distinguished him- 
 self as a most promising young teacher. 
 
 The sixth class, June, 1866, numbered twenty-two members, all of whom 
 engaged in teaching. Fourteen of these are now teaching in San Francisco. 
 Silas A. White is Principal of the Shotwell Street School, and Ervin D. Hum- 
 phrey, Principal of the Mission Grammar School. 
 
 Of the seventh class, thirty-one, June, 1867, all engaged at once in teaching. 
 Mr. Shipley engaged as teacher in the San Francisco Industrial School. Miss 
 Heydenfeldt was employed in the Normal Training School, and the other 
 members of the class are successfully engaged in teaching in different parts of 
 the State. 
 
 Of the whole number of graduates, one hundred and ten, fifty-five are now 
 teaching in San Francisco. All but thirteen are teaching, and have been teach- 
 ing since their graduation. 
 
 Reminiscences by Henrietta Slater McIntire, Class of November, 1867. 
 
 Twenty years ago the California State Normal School was in its infancy; and 
 although it had no commanding edifice, surrounded by spacious grounds to 
 attract public gaze, yet it can look back with pride to its able corps of teachers, 
 and the thorough normal training given to its pupils, which has been clearly 
 proven by the marked success in the school-room of some of the graduates of 
 that time. 
 
 Well do I remember the gateway on Market Street, San Francisco, with the 
 arched sign, " State Normal School," over it, leading through a long passage-way, 
 to a dingy, unpretentious, frame building, in the rear of the Lincoln Grammar 
 School, the first floor being used for a Training School, under the able manage- 
 ment of Mrs. Stout and Mrs. Swett, and the second story for the Normal School 
 proper. Three class-rooms, connected by folding doors, together with a few 
 small ante-rooms, were all the school could boast of. Apparatus, it had none, 
 save a manikin, for the benefit of the physiology class, who found much to 
 amuse, as well as instruct, in the dissection of this excellent representation of 
 the human frame. 
 
 A favorite occupation of the pupils at recess was to look down into the yard 
 of the Lincoln Grammar School, where hundreds of boys were marching, or 
 going through with various evolutions with military precision. 
 
 During the two years, beginning with 1866, that it was my privilege to attend 
 the Normal School, Henry P. Carlton and George Tait were successively Prin- 
 cipals of the school, with Mrs. Beale and Miss E. W. Houghton, assistants. 
 
 Mr. Carlton's special fondness was for normal training and natural history, 
 and his strenuous efforts to teach his pupils to think for themselves, and study 
 
34 Historical Sketch. 
 
 nature as well as text-books, has been an incentive to many. Vagueness of 
 ideas he abominated, and when a pupil rose to recite without having any defi- 
 nite conception of the subject under consideration, another was soon called 
 upon. 
 
 The State Normal School was exceedingly fortunate in having Miss E. W. 
 Houghton, a Mt. Holyoke graduate, for an instructor in arithmetic, botany, 
 elocution, and vocal culture. The very embodiment of dignity, her simple pres- 
 ence commanded respect and attention, and no difficulty did she apparently 
 ever experience in maintaining order. One look of hers was quite enough to 
 cause any disorder to subside, and a word of rebuke was the keenest mortifica- 
 tion to which a pupil could be subjected. Clear-cut in thought, finished in 
 style, cultivated in manners, she was a most admirable teacher of those who 
 were themselves to teach. 
 
 It was during this period that Hon. John Swett held the office of State Super- 
 intendent, and his warm interest in the State Normal School was shown by his 
 frequent visits there, which were always hailed with delight by the pupils, whom 
 he often addressed or examined in some study. We knew that if he happened 
 in during class recitations we might expect some puzzling questions, quite out 
 of the text-book order, which we always found of practical value. 
 
 While I was in the graduating class the Seniors conceived the idea of editing 
 a paper, christened "The Acorn," of which I am the possessor of two copies — 
 pleasant reminiscences of days gone by. From these I copy the following little 
 poem by my classmate, 0. D. McNaughton, now deceased: 
 
 Those Days Are Past. 
 
 Those days are past, and oft I track, 
 With weary gaze their rapid flight, 
 
 Could I, on eagle's wings go back, 
 Ah ! quickly would I flee to-night. 
 
 But nothing beautiful can last — 
 
 Those bright and happy days are past. 
 
 Youth meets us once, and leaves us when 
 We learn to love its fond embrace; 
 
 But once, and never comes again 
 To cheer the heart's forsaken place. 
 
 How like the flowers around us cast — 
 
 They perish when their days are past. 
 
 In each bright scene we love to trace 
 The joys and hopes we once have known, 
 
 And fancy in each youthful face 
 An image that was once our own. 
 
 With time's malignant freezing blast, 
 
 That image and its days are past. 
 
 But after all why thus regret 
 The ever buoyant flight of time? 
 
 Youth's follies let us all forget, 
 And seek the sunlight of our prime. 
 
 Rich are the treasures round us cast, 
 
 And bright, though other days are past. 
 
State Normal School. 35 
 
 The parent bird, in search of food, 
 
 Is joyous, as its growing young, 
 And noon calls sweetly from the brood 
 
 The song the mother early sung. 
 The noon-tide joys are wedded fast 
 To those whose fleeting days are past. 
 
 In early life some settled grief 
 
 Embitters oft the golden bowl, 
 But years remove with soft relief 
 
 The burden clinging to the soul. 
 So perish all those griefs at last, 
 And pleasures come when they are past. 
 
 1868-69. 
 
 (July 1, 1868— May 21, 1869. 
 
 In May, 1868, Dr. Wm. T. Lucky was elected Principal of the 
 Normal School, H. P. Carlton Vice-Principal, and Miss E. W. 
 Houghton and Mrs. Dorcas Clark assistants. Except for the 
 occasional employment of an assistant or a special teacher for a 
 short time, the faculty remained the same from this time Until 
 1872. Dr. Lucky was a teacher of many years experience, chiefly 
 in private institutions. At the time of his election, he was Princi- 
 pal of the Lincoln Grammar School in San Francisco. 
 
 As far as can be ascertained, during. the remainder of the time 
 that the school was located in San Francisco, the teachers in the 
 Training School were paid by the city, though the work of the 
 Training School was entirely under the supervision of the Trustees 
 and teachers of the Normal School. 
 
 During this year, the form of diploma was adopted which has 
 been in use ever since. The subject of a permanent location for 
 the school now began to be agitated, and a committee was 
 appointed by the Board of Trustees to consider the matter and 
 report upon it. The claims of numerous places, most of them 
 near the center of the State, were urgently presented, each by its 
 residents and special friends. Oakland, Berkeley, Stockton, San 
 Jose, San Francisco, Sacramento, Napa, Martinez, and many 
 minor places were in turn recommended. State Superintendent 
 Fitzgerald, Dr. Lucky, and others strongly favored San Jose, on 
 account of its size — not so large as to present the disturbance and 
 temptations of a city, and yet large enough to offer suitable board- 
 ing accommodations for students — its healthful climate, and its 
 
2)6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 accessibility; also on the principle of an equitable distribution of 
 State institutions. The question remained unsettled, however, 
 until 1870. 
 
 At the beginning of Dr. Lucky 's administration, the Sub-Junior, 
 or " Entering Class " was dropped, and a regular two years' course 
 adopted, consisting of Junior year and Senior year. Each year 
 was divided into two divisions of five months each, as follows: 
 
 Junior Class. — Second Division: Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, Reading, 
 Moral Lessons, Spelling. First Division : Arithmetic, Grammar, Rhetoric, Physi- 
 ology, History, Vocal Culture, Bookkeeping, General Exercises, including 
 Penmanship, Object- Lessons, Calisthenics, Methods of Teaching, School Law, 
 Composition, and Declamation. 
 
 Senior Class. — Second Division: Arithmetic reviewed, Algebra, Grammar, 
 Natural Philosophy, Physiology, Rhetoric, Natural History. First Division: 
 Botany, Physical Geography, Normal Training, Geometry, English Literature, 
 Bookkeeping, General Exercises, same as in the Junior Year. 
 
 Extracts from a Letter of Reminiscences by Marietta Gould Buzzo, Class 
 
 of May, 1869. 
 
 Very little apparatus, and that little very primitive, was furnished us in those 
 days. The great earthquake of October, 1868, demolished our largest and most 
 valuable "aid to learning," the manikin, greatly to the disappointment of the 
 physiology class (Senior), then under Professor Carlton's instruction. I do 
 not think any of us have forgotten Professor Carlton's great delight when the 
 class got very much wrought up pro and con over some question in physiology, 
 language, or methods, and his quiet way of leaving us to settle the matter for 
 ourselves, if we could. Nor, again, our hearty enjoyment of the recitations 
 conducted by Miss Houghton, whose example of thorough preparation for the 
 exercise and womanly dignity and decorum was ever esteemed a model for our 
 future emulation. 
 
 The only excursions I remember, of which there were many, combining 
 pleasure with profit in about equal proportions, arranged for us by Dr. Lucky, 
 were those to the Sugar Refinery, the Mission Woolen Mills, the Mint, to Sau- 
 salito, and one especially enjoyable, to inspect a large China steamer, the largest 
 of that day. Another memorable occasion was the celebration at. the Mechan- 
 ic's Pavilion of the completion of the transcontinental railway. 
 
 Our graduating exercises — to us the great event of the year — were held at 
 Piatt's Hall, where State Superintendent O.P. Eitzgerald presented our coveted 
 diplomas. 
 
 1869-70. 
 
 (July 1, 1869— March 10, 1870.) 
 
 The subject of the best times in the year for opening and clos- 
 ing the Normal School, has been in its past history, as it still is, 
 an open question. For the first seven years, the school opened 
 and closed at about the same time as the public schools in the 
 
State Normal School. 37 
 
 cities. Many, however, of the schools throughout the State, espe- 
 cially in country districts, where a long winter vacation is unavoid- 
 able, open for the summer term in April or May. This made it 
 seem, to some, desirable to send out the annual graduating class 
 in time to take positions in these schools. It was therefore thought 
 best to try the experiment; and in order to effect the change, the 
 school year 1869-70 was shortened more than two months, and 
 the class graduated in March. This plan was continued until 
 1877. 
 
 Miss Matilda Lewis, a graduate of the Oswego State Normal 
 School of New York, became Principal of the Training School in 
 1869, and infused new life by putting into active operation the 
 methods used in the Oswego school, making a specialty of object 
 teaching. One episode of the year in connection with the work 
 of the Training School, is given in the following account by one 
 of the students specially interested: 
 
 Following the resignation of Mrs. Stout, Principal of the Training School, in 
 1869, came the introduction of teaching by the object system, by Miss Matilda 
 Lewis, of the Oswego, New York, Normal Training School, who succeeded Mrs. 
 Stout as Principal of the Training School. She found the school in a most 
 unsatisfactory condition, on account of the insufficient number of regular 
 teachers, the pupils having no regard for the authority of the young girls 
 placed over them from week to week. The first request of Miss Lewis was for 
 four young ladies to be placed as regular teachers in the Training Department, 
 the pupil teachers to spend a week in the class-rooms as before, consulting with 
 the regular senior teacher. This plan gave the children some one to look to as 
 authority, and much valuable time previously devoted to reorganization of 
 classes each week, was spent by both pupils and teachers in learning the new 
 system of teaching from objects. 
 
 Miss Lewis, besides teaching by this system, gave regular lectures to the 
 Senior Class illustrative of her methods, which were a most interesting and 
 useful feature of the school work. The four pupils selected from the Senior 
 Class were Emelie McNeil, Ada Oglesby, Sarah A. Rightmire, and Cornelia E. 
 Greer. We remained in charge of the classes, under the direction of Miss Lewis, 
 eight months, the pupils coming from the Normal School every week to teach 
 with lis. In March, 1870, the Normal School Class graduated, leaving us still 
 in the Training School. In the meantime Miss Lewis went to the Legislature, 
 and obtained diplomas for as. In May of the same year we passed examination 
 in our class-rooms, with our pupils, before the Faculty, in methods of teaching 
 all the primary branches, general government, etc., and were granted first grade 
 State certificates and "Normal Training School diplomas," exactly like the 
 diplomas of the March class, except for the addition of the word "Training." 
 
 Miss McNeil taught in one of the higher grades in a school in San Francisco 
 for two and a half years, then married a gentleman by the name of Dwyer, 
 and now resides in San Francisco. 
 
 Miss Oglesby taught in the San Francisco public schools eight years, then 
 married (present name unknown), and resides in Kansas. 
 
 4 
 
38 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Miss Rightmire has been teaching constantly in San Francisco, and ranks 
 high as the Principal of the Emerson Primary School. 
 
 I commenced teaching immediately after graduating, and taught successfully 
 in Contra Costa County for three and a half years, at Pacheco. In 1872, 1 was 
 granted an educational diploma (complimentary, the three years required by 
 law before making application, not having expired). I taught continuously 
 afterwards in San Mateo County till 1876, when I was married to William W. 
 Cunningham of San Francisco, and now reside in Alameda. 
 
 Cornelia B. Cunningham. 
 
 In March, 1870, the Legislature selected San Jose as the per- 
 manent location for the State Normal School, and enacted a law 
 providing for the selection of a site, and the erection of a build- 
 ing. Some changes were made in the laws governing the school, 
 the principal change being that the Board of Trustees were differ- 
 ently constituted. The following is a copy of the Act: 
 
 Section 1. There shall be established in the City of San Jose, County of 
 Santa Clara, a school, to be called the California State Normal School, for the 
 training and educating of teachers in the art of instructing and governing in 
 the public schools of this State. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Governor of the State of California, the Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction of the said State, and the Principal of the State Normal School are 
 hereby appointed and created Trustees, with full power and authority to select 
 a site for the permanent location of the State Normal School in the City of San 
 Jose. Said Trustees shall, within thirty days after the passage of this Act, 
 examine the sites offered by the City of San Jose for the location of the State 
 Normal School buildings, and select therefrom a suitable location for said State 
 Normal School buildings, and the site selected by them shall be and remain the 
 permanent site for the State Normal School buildings. 
 
 Sec. 3. The Mayor and Common Council of the Cny of San Jose" are hereby 
 authorized, empowered, and directed, immediately after such site shall have 
 been selected by said Trustees, to convey such site, by good and sufficient con- 
 veyance, to the Trustees of the State Normal School, who are hereby authorized 
 and empowered to receive and hold the same and the title thereto in trust and 
 for the use of said State Normal School; provided, that whenever the State 
 Normal School shall be removed from said site selected, the same and the title 
 thereto shall, immediately upon such removal, revert to said City of San Jos6, 
 and become the property thereof absolutely. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Governor, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, and 
 five others, to be appointed by the Governor, shall constitute the Board of Nor- 
 mal School Trustees. The appointed members, at the first meeting of the Board 
 of Trustees, shall determine by lot their respective terms of office, which shall 
 be for two, four, six, eight, and ten years. 
 
 Sec 5. Said Board of Trustees shall have power, and are hereby authorized 
 and required, to remove to said City of San Jos£, County of Santa Clara, the 
 State Normal School, now located in the City of San Francisco, and to continue 
 the same for the gratuitous instruction of such persons residing in this State 
 as may desire to prepare themselves to teach in the public schools of this State. 
 They shall have power to expend all moneys appropriated or donated for 
 building school rooms and boarding houses, and for furnishing the same, as 
 well as all moneys for the current expenses of the school. 
 
State Normal School. 39 
 
 Sec. 6. The Board of Trustees shall have power to elect a Principal and all 
 other teachers that may be deemed necessary ; to fix the salaries of the same, 
 and to prescribe their duties. 
 
 Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the Board of Trustees to prescribe the course 
 of study, and the time and standard of graduation, and to issue such certificates 
 and diplomas as may, from time to time, be deemed suitable. These certificates 
 and diplomas shall entitle the holders to teach in any county in this State for 
 the time and in the grade specified in the certificate or diploma. 
 
 Sec 8. The Board of Trustees shall prescribe the text-books, apparatus, and 
 furniture, and provide the same, together with all necessary stationery, for the 
 use of the pupils. 
 
 Sec 9. Said Board shall, when deemed expedient, establish and maintain a 
 training or model school, or schools, in which the pupils of the Normal School 
 shall be required to instruct classes under the supervision and direction of 
 experienced teachers. 
 
 Sec 10. Said Board shall make rules for the government of the boarding 
 house or houses; shall superintend the same, and make all necessary arrange- 
 ments for conducting the same in the most economical manner that will make 
 them self-sustaining. 
 
 Sec 11. At each annual meeting the Board shall determine what number of 
 pupils maybe admitted into the school; and this number shall be apportioned 
 among the counties of this State according to the number of representatives 
 from said counties in the Legislature; provided, that teachers holding first or 
 second grade certificates may be admitted from the State at large. The County 
 Superintendents and the County Boards of Examination shall hold competi- 
 tive examinations before the first of May in each year of all persons desiring 
 to become pupils of the Normal School, which examinations shall be conducted 
 in the same manner as examinations for third grade teachers' certificates. A 
 list shall be made of the applicants thus examined, and they shall receive 
 recommendation in the order of standing in the examination ; provided, that 
 Superintendents may discriminate in faror of those whose age and experience 
 specially fit them to become normal pupils. After the expiration of the year, 
 a new list must be prepared, and those not recommended must be reexamined 
 or forfeit their right to recommendation. 
 
 Sec 12. To secure admission into the Junior class of the Normal School, the 
 applicant, if a male, must be seventeen years of age, or if a female, sixteen 
 years of age; to enter an advanced class the applicant must be proportionately 
 older. Applicants must also present letters of recommendation from their 
 County Superintendent, certifying to their good moral character, and their fit- 
 ness to enter the Normal School. Before entering all applicants must sign the 
 following declaration : " We hereby declare that our purpose in entering the 
 California State Normal School is to fit ourselves for the profession of teaching, 
 and that it is our intention to engage in teaching in the public schools of this 
 State." 
 
 Sec 13. Pupils from other States and Territories may be admitted to all 
 privileges of the school on presenting letters of recommendation from the 
 Executives or State School Superintendents thereof, and the payment of one 
 hundred dollars. The money thus received shall be appropriated to the pur- 
 chase of library and apparatus. Pupils from other States shall not be required 
 to sign the declaration named in section twelve. 
 
 Sec 14. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be the Executive 
 Agent and Secretary of the Board of Trustees of the Normal School. He shall 
 visit the school from time to time, inquire into its condition and management, 
 
40 Historical Sketch. 
 
 enforce the rules and regulations made by the Board, require such reports as 
 he deems proper from the teachers of the school and officers of the boarding 
 house, and exercise a general supervision of the same. He shall, in connection 
 with the Executive Committee appointed by the Board, expend all moneys 
 appropriated for salaries and incidental expenses, and shall make a semi-an- 
 nual statement, in writing to the Board, of all moneys received and expended. 
 
 Sec. 15. It shall be the duty of the Principal of the school to make a detailed 
 annual report to the Board of Trustees, with a catalogue of the pupils, and 
 such other particulars as the Board may require or he may think useful. It 
 shall also be his duty, authorized by the Board, to attend County Institutes, 
 and lecture before them on subjects relating to public schools and the profes- 
 sion of teaching. 
 
 Sec 16. The Board of Trustees shall hold two regular meetings annually, at 
 such time and place as may be determined; but special meetings may be called 
 by the Secretary, by sending written notice to each member. 
 
 Sec. 17. The Board shall have power to make all rules and regulations 
 necessary for discharging the duties named above. 
 
 Sec. 18. An annual ad valorem tax of two cents on each one hundred dol- 
 lars' value of taxable property in this State is hereby levied, for the twenty- 
 second and twenty-third fiscal years, and is directed to be collected in the same 
 manner as other State taxes are collected; and the money raised by said tax 
 shall be paid into the State Treasury, and said money and the money by this 
 Act appropriated shall be known as the State Normal School Building Fund. 
 
 Sec 19. Said State Normal School Trustees shall, from time to time, as the 
 services herein provided for, or by them ordered and performed, and labor done 
 or materials furnished for said State Normal School buildings, draw orders on 
 the State Controller, specifically describing the services rendered, labor per- 
 formed, or materials furnished, together with the amount, and to whom pay- 
 able. Upon presentation of such orders, the State Controller shall draw his 
 warrant on the State Treasurer, for the amounts thereof, payable out of said 
 State Normal School Building Fund; and the State Treasurer is hereby author- 
 ized and directed to pay such warrants out of said fund. Said State Normal 
 School Trustees and Controller each shall keep a correct register of the war- 
 rants or orders issued, the amount of each warrant, to whom ordered paid, and 
 for what services or materials given ; such registers shall be kept in their respec- 
 tive offices for public inspection. 
 
 Sec 20. The sum of twenty-four thousand dollars is hereby appropriated, 
 biennially, out of any moneys in the General fund not otherwise appropriated, 
 which said appropriation shall be set apart at the commencement of each fiscal 
 year, to support the California State Normal School; and the Controller is 
 hereby directed to draw his warrants, from time to time, on the State Treasurer- 
 payable out of said appropriation, and the unexhausted remainder, if any, of 
 any appropriation for such claims or accounts as have been audited by the 
 Board of Trustees of the Normal School, or the Executive Committee thereof, 
 and the Board of Examiners; provided, that the bills for the salaries of regular 
 teachers may be allowed by the Controller without the indorsement of the 
 Board of Examiners ; provided, also, that the aggregate of warrants drawn shall 
 not exceed, in any one fiscal year, one half the appropriation herein made for 
 such years, together with the remainder of unused appropriations, if any, of 
 any previous fiscal year, or years ; and whenever, at the close of any fiscal year, 
 a balance remains to the credit of the California State Normal School Fund, 
 such balance shall be carried forward and added to the appropriation for the 
 succeeding year. 
 
State Normal School. 41 
 
 Sec. 21. All classes may be admitted into the Normal School, who are admit- 
 ted, without restriction, into the public schools of the State. 
 
 Sec. 22. The provisions of this Act shall take effect from and after its pas- 
 sage; provided, that the removal of the school shall be made whenever the 
 Board of Trustees decide that suitable accommodations have been prepared for 
 the same. 
 
 Sec. 23. All Acts or parts of Acts passed by the Senate and Assembly of the 
 State of California conflicting with the above are hereby repealed. 
 
 Reminiscences by Alberta Montgomery Ecker, Class of March, 1870. 
 
 The class of 1870 had its home in San Francisco, in the building now used by 
 classes of the Lincoln Primary School. 
 
 Dr. Lucky was Principal. Prof. Henry P. Carlton, Miss E. W. Houghton, 
 and Mrs. Dorcas Clark were assistants. Miss Houghton was in the East dur- 
 ing the first term, and Miss Letitia Ryder taught in her place. Miss Lewis, of 
 the Oswego Training School, superintended us while we taught in the Training 
 Classes. Professor Carlton labored diligently to inspire us with a love for 
 physiology and mental philosophy. Miss Houghton taught us elocution and 
 rhetoric, and gave us such short lessons that we had no excuse for not getting 
 them. Dr. Lucky instructed us in mathematics. His interest in his pupils 
 ceased only with his life, and many can bear witness to his efforts in their 
 behalf after they were engaged in teaching. 
 
 Our Principal's work is done, and he has been joined " over the river " by 
 Leonora Carothers (Mrs. Barry Baldwin), Nellie Savage, Helen Stone, Jessie 
 Wilson, Alice Snow (Mrs. George Pardee), Mrs. Tillotson, and Mary L. Greer. 
 We weave a garland sacred to the memory of teacher and classmates ; they 
 shall be enshrined in our hearts till our life's drama has closed. 
 
 Rev. O. P. Fitzgerald was State Superintendent and made us frequent visits. 
 
 Our apparatus was limited, and our library small. We had access to the 
 Mercantile and other city libraries, and were often addressed by talented speak- 
 ers. We had a debate every Wednesday afternoon on a topic previously 
 announced. Every pupil was required to express an opinion on the subject 
 selected. We had special lessons in drawing and music. 
 
 Tbe "Musical Festival," under the auspices of Madame Camilla Urso, was 
 held in the spring of 1870. Many of our students were among the twelve hun- 
 dred chorus singers. We remember also a very pleasant steamboat excursion 
 taken by our school. We sailed around the bay, out to the Golden Gate, and 
 made a visit to Alcatraz Island, where all points of interest were explained 
 to us. 
 
 The subject of the removal of the Normal School from San Francisco had 
 already been agitated. San Jose" wished the new school. The Normal Trus- 
 tees, the Faculty, and scholars, and members of the press went on a railroad 
 excursion as guests of the City of San Jose. We were given a banquet at the 
 Auzerais House, with the usual toasts and after-dinner speeches, and then vis- 
 ited the Convent, Court House, Washington Square, the site to be donated to 
 the Normal School, and other points of interest. Probably the kind treatment 
 given the excursionists helped San Jose in the decision that located the school. 
 
 The graduating exercises were held on the evening of March 10, 1870, two 
 months earlier than usual, so that the graduates might obtain positions for the 
 spring term. The exercises were held in Piatt's Hall. Miss Belle Carruthers 
 opened the exercises, after a prayer by Rev. Dr. Scott, with an essay on " The 
 Artist's Implements." Miss Leonora Carothers followed with an essay on 
 " The Shady Side of Teaching." The school Sang " Hail Happy Day." Miss 
 
42 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Casey read an essay on " Mythology." The essay on " Localism," by Miss Gar- 
 land, came next. Mr. Tillotson delivered an oration on " Teachers and Teach- 
 ing." Miss Withrow read an essa}'' on " Music and its Votaries," and afterwards 
 gave a vocal solo "Ave Maria." Miss Montgomery followed with an essay on 
 " The Seen and the Unseen." Miss Burrill's essay was entitled " Let in the 
 Sunshine." Miss Allison read an essay on "Another Day," with valedictory 
 addresses. The diplomas were delivered by Rev. O. P. Fitzgerald, after an 
 appropriate address to the graduates. Dr. Lucky concluded with a brief fare- 
 well to his late pupils. After the Doxology and a benediction by Rev. Dr. 
 Walker, the class of 1870 separated, never to meet again until we reach the 
 " other side." 
 
 1870-71. 
 
 (June 1, 1870— March 11, 1871.) 
 
 The first meeting of the Board under the new law was held in 
 Sacramento April 25, 1870. The appointed members drew lots, 
 as provided by law, to determine the length of their terms of office, 
 and the new Board was organized as follows: President, Governor 
 H. H. Haight; Secretary (ex officio), Superintendent 0. P. Fitz- 
 gerald; appointed members: Henry 0. Weller, two years; Andrew 
 J. Moulder, four years; C. T. Ryland, six years; James Denman, 
 eight years; J. H. Braly, ten years. Of these, Mr. Moulder 
 resigned in 1871, and was succeeded by Dr. B. Bryant; Mr. 
 Braly resigned in 1873, and was succeeded by T. Ellard Beans; 
 Mr. Ryland and Mr. Denman were reappointed at the expiration 
 of their terms of office. An executive committee was appointed, 
 and instructed to procure plans and initiate measures for the 
 erection of a Normal School building. 
 
 In August the Board formally accepted from the City of San 
 Jose, for the use of the Normal School, the property then known 
 as Washington Square, containing over twenty-six acres. As pro- 
 vided for in the Act, the square was conveyed to them with the 
 condition that whenever the State Normal School shall be removed 
 from this site, the land shall revert to the City of San Jose. 
 
 The cornerstone of the first California State Normal School 
 building was laid October 20, 1870, with imposing masonic cere- 
 monies, conducted by the Grand Lodge of the State, assisted by 
 Howard Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and San Jose Encamp- 
 ment, No. 35, of I. O. 0. F. ■ 
 
 A large assembly was present, including the pupils and Faculty 
 of the Normal School, from San Francisco, the public school 
 children of San Jose, and many citizens. The address was deliv- 
 ered by State Superintendent 0. P. Fitzgerald. 
 
State Normal School. 43 
 
 Address of Rev. O. P. Fitzgerald. 
 
 ■It was a joyful day for the Hebrew people when the moving tabernacle was 
 superseded by the magnificent temple at Jerusalem. The moving tabernacle 
 served its temporary purposes during the journey through the wilderness, but 
 the permanent temple expressed the culmination of the national wealth, prop- 
 erty, and glory. So this day may well celebrate the exodus of California from 
 the transient condition of a new State, the change from its preparatory history 
 to well organized society and established institutions, commercial, agricultural, ' 
 literary, and religious. The cornerstone, which we lay to-day with the appro- 
 priate and impressive ceremonies of the "brethren of the mystic tie," is fitly 
 celebrated by the parade of the military, the presence of the representatives of 
 organized benevolence, the invocation of the blessings of God, the glad shouts 
 of children, and the smile of beauty. The laying of this cornerstone is at once 
 the register of our present attainment and the prophecy of our future progress. 
 We have met to lay the cornerstone of the California State Normal School build- 
 ing in its permanent location on this magnificent square, in this beautiful val- 
 ley, amid this hospitable and generous people; and it is a memorable and joyful 
 day. 
 
 The occasion reminds us, fellow citizens, that we are passing from the old to 
 the new; that we have closed one era in the life of our State, and are entering 
 upon another. The day of reckless speculation, wild ventures, and transient 
 expedients is gone. Farewell, California of the past ! Farewell ox trains across 
 the plains, canvas tents, board shanties, womanless houses, and hopeless bache- 
 lorhood ! Hail the new California ! Hail the great railway ! Hail the opulent 
 city, the thriving village, the well inclosed and beautiful farm, the comfortable 
 and elegant mansion, the well built school house, the quiet and virtuous homes 
 in which are realized all the blessings and delights of the one institution that 
 has survived the fall ! Pardon my enthusiasm. I am too much of a Califor- 
 nian to measure my words, or temper them to the rhetoric of a cold conven- 
 tionality, when my pulses are quickened and my heart rejoicing in prospect of 
 the consummation of a grand enterprise, which has for so many months excited 
 my solicitude, aroused my hopes, and engaged my energies. The exuberance 
 of my feelings is not lessened by the fact that I am surrounded here to-day by 
 my old neighbors and friends, who have never allowed me to forget that this 
 valley is my home. The laying of this cornerstone symbolizes the work which 
 we of this generation are doing. We are laying the foundations of a new State. 
 We are laying the foundations of an educational system. We must be careful 
 to lay them properly, for the whole superstructure will conform to the character 
 of its foundations. 
 
 The foundation plan of our system of popular education must be broad, 
 embracing the principles of justice and right, giving equal privileges to all 
 classes of citizens. 
 
 The foundation of our system must be strong, resting on right ideas clearly 
 defined and firmly maintained. 
 
 The foundation of our system must be symmetrical. We want no patch- 
 work or conglomerate of dissimilar elements or antagonistic principles. We 
 must adopt a definite and consistent theory of education, and faithfully embody 
 it in practice. 
 
 We must begin at the beginning. First in this structure is the concrete foun- 
 dation harder than granite, capable of resisting the heaviest earthquake shocks, 
 and incombustible by any heat short of the final fires of the last day. Then 
 follows the brick work; after which the wooden framework, story by story; 
 and last of all the cornices, capitals, and other ornamental and finishing touches, 
 
44 Historical Sketch. 
 
 ending with the gilded or sculptured dome. So, in our system of education, 
 we must begin at the beginning, not following the false fashion of giving our 
 children a smattering of the " ologies " and teaching them to jabber bad French 
 before they have learned to spell or cipher. 
 
 Above all, the cornerstone must be properly laid in its proper place. In prac- 
 tical architecture, every man understands the necessity for this. What is the 
 cornerstone of a true system of popular education ? I answer, a pure morality. 
 Without this no system can stand. Leaving this out, there will be nothing to 
 hold the different parts of a system of education in their proper relation toward 
 each other. Using the untempered mortar of a false morality, it will dissolve 
 Upon its first contact with opposing elements, and the whole superstructure 
 will sink into ruin. A pure morality must be based upon a recognition of God, 
 submission to His will, and a sense of accountability to Him. A pure morality 
 means a conscience enlightened by Divine truth, a nature molded, controlled, 
 and directed by the Divine will. We owe it to our children and to all who shall 
 come after us, to have this cornerstone fitly laid in our educational system. 
 
 Would it be straining the figure, or changing it too abruptly, to say that the 
 State Normal ScTaool is itself the cornerstone of our public school system ? The 
 functions of the State Normal School are : To mold the type of the public school 
 teachers, to inculcate the principle that shall guide and govern them in their 
 work, and to suggest to them and drill them in the method they should follow 
 in the school room. Upon its proper adjustment to the machinery of the sys- 
 tem and the efficient performance of its proper functions will very greatly 
 depend the success of the entire system. This being so, the laying of this 
 cornerstone to-day becomes a very significant act, reminding us of the pro- 
 found feeling of responsibility and the thorough conscientiousness which we 
 should bring to bear in discharging our official duties in organizing and estab- 
 lishing this institution on a right foundation. Let, then, this noble structure 
 rise upon its solid foundations. Let it rise in its beauty and grandeur, the 
 mother institution of its class upon the Pacific Coast. Let it rise as a monu- 
 ment of the enterprise and far-reaching sagacity of an enlightened people. 
 Let it rise here in this valley of surpassing beauty and fertility, in the very 
 heart and center of California, where it will be accessible to all, and from which 
 it shall radiate light and blessing all over the State, from the sunny crests of 
 the Sierras to the orange groves of the south. This is the first State Normal 
 School of California; others will be established in due time and in proper 
 places. 
 
 The time is coming when California will contain two million inhabitants _ 
 This valley will then be a continuous garden, and the Alameda will be a willow- 
 planted street running through one grand city, into which San Jose" and Santa 
 Clara will be merged. The three hundred miles of our " foothill" country will 
 then rival the best vine-growing regions of Europe in the extent and value of 
 its vineyards, and the density of its population. Should our provisions for 
 popular education keep pace with our material development, additional normal 
 schools will be demanded. At Los Angeles, on the north side of the Bay of 
 San Francisco, at Napa, or at some other equally charming spot, in the San 
 Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys, and " up north," will these intellectual light- 
 houses be erected, leaving not a single spot in all our State unillumined by their 
 beams. In view of the grand future thus hastily outlined, how great is the 
 responsibility that rests upon us as the officers and guardians of this institu- 
 tion. We represent not only for the present, but for the future. We are now 
 planting a tree whose growth coming generations will foster, and whose fruit 
 they will gather. Let us do our work well, that those who come after us may 
 
State Normal School. 45 
 
 follow our good example, and carry forward the great work which we shall 
 transmit to them. 
 
 Mankind are learning more and more to appreciate the influence of natural 
 surroundings in molding forms, features, and character. Without attempting 
 here to give the philosophy of this fact, I accept it ; and accepting it, let me ask, 
 where could a better location be found for the State Normal School? Where 
 will you find richer vegetation, brighter flowers, more fertile fields, more beau- 
 tiful slopes, swelling hills, and towering mountains, than those that adorn and 
 inclose this garden valley of the earth ? Where can you look up to a bluer sky, 
 or find breezes more balmy than those that float around us to-day? May the 
 characters here developed be as symmetrical as the features of yonder land- 
 scape, as strong as yonder wall that beats back the surges of the vast Pacific, 
 as pure as the silver waters that gush in their beauty from your artesian wells. 
 
 1871-72. 
 
 (June 14, 1871— March 14, 1872.) 
 
 The Normal School opened its first session in San Jose, June 
 14, 1871. Until the new building was ready for occupation, rooms 
 for the use of the school were kindly furnished by the San Jose 
 Board of Education; for the first few weeks in the High School 
 building on Santa Clara Street; after that in the Reed Street 
 building, then just completed. Dr. Lucky urged strongly the 
 desirability of providing at once a boarding house for the young 
 lady students, but the Board concluded that it was inexpedient, 
 for the present, to undertake this, and boarding places were secured 
 in private families. When the Political Code of California was 
 established, in March, 1872, some slight changes were made in 
 the laws relating to the Normal School. The age of admission 
 was fixed at sixteen, for males as well as females. The faculty 
 were no longer authorized to grant teachers' certificates to under- 
 graduates, but graduates were given the right to teach in the pub- 
 lic schools of the State, for the time and in the grade prescribed 
 by their diplomas. 
 
 Extracts from the Eeport of Dr. Lucky, December, 1871. 
 Do Normal Graduates Teach? 
 
 The following facts in reference to the classes that have graduated since I have 
 been connected with the school, will satisfactorily answer the above question : 
 
 There were twenty graduates in 1869, all of whom secured good situations in 
 a few months. 
 
 Of the forty-four graduates in 1870, all except four are known to have com- 
 menced teaching. Twenty of the twenty-one graduates in 1871 have already 
 entered upon their work. Thus it will be seen that only five in an aggregate of 
 ninety-four are not teaching, and these are unemployed because of ill health 
 or because they are unwilling to accept situations out of San Francisco. 
 
46 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Of the class of 1869, eight obtained situations in San Francisco, and twenty- 
 one in fourteen different counties. Of the class of 1870, eleven obtained situa- 
 tions in San Francisco, and twenty-nine in fifteen different counties. Of the 
 class of 1871, six are teaching in San Francisco, and fourteen in nine different 
 counties. 
 
 The demand for Normal graduates is far greater than the supply. All gradu- 
 ates can at once secure good situations, provided they are willing to go into the 
 country. 
 
 The reason for the preference expressed for Normal School pupils, is the 
 natural result of the uniform success of the teachers trained here. Very many 
 complimentary and flattering reports have been received from County Super- 
 intendents and district trustees. The following is given as a specimen : 
 
 "The benefits of Normal instruction are especially seen in schools taught by 
 teachers from our State Normal School at San Jose\ The'superior and system- 
 atized instruction and their well regulated government give the most complete 
 satisfaction. They come forth from that school having well matured plans, 
 and are prepared at once to enter on their great work." — [Mack Matthews, 
 County Superintendent, Lake County. 
 
 During a period of nearly four years, I have heard no complaint of inability 
 to teach, and I know of but three instances in which graduates, in their first 
 schools, failed in government. These are now successful and popular teachers. 
 All who attend the school are taught to believe there is a moral obligation 
 resting upon them to become earnest teachers, in order that they may benefit 
 the State that has so kindly assisted them. 
 
 Reminiscences by Charles E. Markham, Class of March, 1872. 
 
 You inform me that I am appointed to speak for the Class of '72. It is a 
 pleasure to do so, for the task calls up a throng of happy memories. Perhaps, 
 however, the duty should have fallen to other hands. Miss Rixon, for instance, 
 would be more finished and picturesque; Miss Terry, more artless and pleas- 
 ing; Miss Wagenseller, more piquant; Mr. Kennedy, more strong and original; 
 Mr. Beal, more simple and direct. Miss Stephens could give us detail and deli- 
 cate satire; Miss Hilton, grace and quiet beauty. And so, also, do the rest of 
 the class come to me in memory, each with some special fitness for the work. 
 
 One pleasing feature of the school in the old time was the occasional excur- 
 sion and half holiday. These were chiefly for the purpose of studying some 
 piece of machinery or some process of manufacture. We young men, of course, 
 had our literary and debating society. Then, too, there was our weekly after- 
 noon institute for the discussion of school-room problems. Many visitors 
 attended, and reporters were always present. Dr. Lucky presided, and all stu- 
 dents joined in the debates. Many were the sallies of wit, many were the blows 
 from Wisdom's logic fist, many were the ludicrous blunders, in that day of bud- 
 ding orators. Not a few of the students, however, were advanced in years, were 
 even experienced teachers, and could speak to the point, and with precision. 
 And, in this connection, it is pleasant to remember that several of the class 
 have since reached distinction in educational work, as in the case of Mr. Thos. 
 E. Kennedy, who is now Inspector of the San Francisco schools. 
 
 Another feature of our student life was Dr. Lucky's morning lecture on 
 teaching. These lectures occupied five months in their delivery. He began 
 the course by calling attention to the child entering the school for the first 
 time, with its little fears and tremblings, and ended by pointing us to that 
 higher school in heaven, where the Father and Mother truth unvail. 
 
State Normal School. 47 
 
 Ours was the first class graduated after the removal to San Jose\ Dr. Lucky 
 was Principal, Prof. H. P. Carlton, Vice-Principal, Miss Eliza W. Houghton> 
 Mrs. Dorcas Clark, and others were assistants. Under Dr. Lucky the disci- 
 pline was strict, yet kindly — the hand of iron in the glove of velvet. He was 
 a man of impressive dignity, robust head and shoulders, countenance frank 
 and open as the day, bold crag-like brows, and a smile that lighted up the face 
 in a wonderful manner. 
 
 Professor Carlton had strong and pleasing traits of character. He strove to 
 put oft' the pedagogue and to be a comrade, a fellow student. Nothing pleased 
 him more than to have a pupil bring in matter outside of the text-book — some- 
 thing that showed independent investigation. To call out the shrill note of 
 personality, to form habits of thought and study, to stir the spiritual forces — 
 these were his aims. Of nervous temperament, he felt keenly, was terribly in 
 earnest. He was himself impressed, and so he impressed others, with the 
 mystery and pathos of life. His philosophy was a passionate idealism. His 
 style of expression was bold and abrupt. His favorite quotation seemed to be 
 that one from Kant : " Two things are sublime — conscience and the stars." He 
 could recite The Raven with magical effect. Once he recited it before an assem- 
 bly of teachers and students. The dim light of the lamps gave to him a half 
 unearthly aspect. Figure tall and erect, face energetic and pale, hair thin and 
 scattered, he himself seemed an apparition from "the tempest and the night's 
 plutonian shore." 
 
 Through Miss Houghton we came to know and love the plants of field and 
 hedgerow. And it was with fine feeling and sympathy that she led us, also, 
 into the high places of literature. Happy were we who went that primrose 
 way. Her presence was inspiring, uplifting. Always painstaking, always 
 insisting on thorough work and accurate expression. These qualities made 
 her effective as a teacher; she had others which made her loved as a woman. 
 
 The motherly Mrs. Clark, with her great good sense and kindly nature, had 
 also a high place in all hearts. It seems, as I remember her, that her brain 
 approached to Huxley's ideal, "a calm, cold, logic engine, trained to spin gos- 
 samers, as well as forge the anchors of the mind." 
 
 It has been a pleasure to speak of these old familiar faces. And though I 
 now lay down my pen, they will not be forgotten; they have an assured place 
 in my heart — friends of blessed memory. We prepare for the future by an 
 affectionate reverence for what is worthy in the past. 
 
 1872-73. 
 
 (June 17, 1872— March 29, 1873.) 
 
 By the seventh of July, 1872, the Board of Building Commis- 
 sioners had prepared rooms sufficient for immediate wants, and 
 the school at last found a home. 
 
 The tax provided for in the first bill proved insufficient to com- 
 plete the building, and another tax, amounting to $75,000 per year, 
 was levied for the ' twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth fiscal years, 
 1873-75. This still did not prove enough, and subsequent appro- 
 priations were made of over $3,000, at one time, and $25,000 at 
 
48 Historical Sketch. 
 
 another. The building was finally completed in 1876, at a total 
 cost of about $285,000. Though imperfectly planned for school 
 purposes, it was a handsome building, both in architectural de- 
 sign and in detail of finish. Its numerous porticoes, supported by 
 Corinthian pillars, and its handsome entrances, gave exterior grace 
 and beauty, while within, the corridors were wide, the rooms spa- 
 cious, and the wood work elegantly finished. It is unfortunate 
 that so large an amount of time, money, and skill should have 
 been expended in erecting a building almost entirely of wood. 
 Had it been of more enduring material, it might still have been 
 standing. 
 
 As the school increased in size, the need of an additional teacher 
 was strongly felt, and the Board appointed a committee to select 
 a qualified teacher. After considerable correspondence Charles 
 H. Allen, of Wisconsin, well known as an institute lecturer, and 
 for many years connected with Normal Schools, was, on recom- 
 mendation of the committee, elected as teacher of the natural 
 sciences, music, and drawing. Professor Allen entered upon his 
 duties October 7, 1872. 
 
 Since its removal from San Francisco, no training school had 
 been connected with the Normal School. As soon as the school 
 was permanently located, steps were taken to organize this indis- 
 pensable department of every true Normal School. In November, 
 1872, Miss Mary J. Titus, a graduate of the Oswego Normal School, 
 was elected Principal of the Training School. The pupils admitted 
 were taken from the public schools of San Jose, and their number 
 limited to forty. For the first year the value of this department 
 to the Senior Class was entirely in the way of observation, as they 
 were not required to teach. 
 
 These necessary additions to the teaching force so increased the 
 expenses of the school that, during this and the succeeding year, 
 a deficiency of over $4,500 was created, which was provided for 
 by the next Legislature. 
 
 Eeminiscences by Maey E. Hendrix, Class of March, 1873. 
 
 The year 1872 brought some important changes in the Normal School. The 
 beautiful new building that had cost so much time and money, was near enough 
 completion to admit of its being occupied by the school. One room was fur- 
 nished for the use of the Senior Class, two for the Junior Class, one for the use of 
 the Principal, and one for the Library. A large room in the basement was fitted 
 up for general exercises, and another for the Training School, which was estab- 
 lished and placed in the charge of Miss Titus. How pleasant the large roomy 
 building seemed! Up and down the long corridors, and in the unfinished 
 
State Normal School. 49 
 
 rooms, the pupils could be seen, promenading at recess hours, with books in 
 hand. Not much time could be wasted. 
 
 This was Dr. Lucky's last year in the Normal School. He was well liked by 
 his pupils. He was a man of dignified appearance, though he discouraged any 
 display of false dignity. He used to tell us: "The teacher who dares not go 
 out and play with his pupils, for fear of losing his dignity, has no dignity to 
 lose." 
 
 One of the studies we enjoyed most was our mental philosophy. Our teacher in 
 this branch was Professor Carlton. He was a fair, slender, nervous man, whose 
 distinguishing characteristic as a teacher was his great earnestness. "What- 
 ever his hand found to do he did with his might. His method of recitation 
 was to require the pupil to give the author's opinion, then give his own and 
 illustrate it. The discussions which followed were a source of pleasure and 
 profit. 
 
 This was Professor Allen's first year in the school. He seemed to be acquainted 
 with every difficulty that ever beset a teacher in our common schools. Look- 
 ing forward as we did to the difficulties ahead of us, poetry could not have inter- 
 ested us more than did what he had to say about the practical work of the 
 school-room. 
 
 A few weeks before the close of the school, the teachers met in what seemed 
 to us mysterious conclave. We knew at that time it would be decided who 
 would graduate. The pupils were informed privately whether they were suc- 
 cessful or not. The anxiety of the class at this time may be imagined. With 
 what bright faces some left the Principal's room ! 
 
 Contrary to the usual custom, the valedictorian was selected by the teachers. 
 It was thought desirable to choose one who had taken the entire course — gone 
 through the Junior year as well as the Senior. Their choice fell on Miss Delia 
 Snow, of Salt Lake; so to her essay on "The Child" was added the valedictory 
 address. I do not think any one was surprised at the choice, except Miss Snow 
 herself. She well represented the class, both in her ability as a valedictorian 
 and in her success as a teacher. " I was so anxious," she afterward said, " to 
 try the new methods I learned at the Normal School. 1 took such an interest 
 in my school." I have heard her highly commended by the patrons of the dis- 
 trict in which she taught. 
 
 Miss Belle Merrit was selected to write the class song for the commencement 
 exercises; she was the youngest in the class, but the selection did us justice. 
 We copied the song from the blackboard, Miss Houghton, our teacher in elocu- 
 tion and rhetoric, calling our attention to its beauties. 
 
 The choice of class poet was left to the class. Miss Houghton had said any 
 one in the class could write a poem; so there was no danger of making a mis- 
 take. Something was already known of Mr. Chipman's ability as a poet ; so he 
 received the vote of the class. He gave us a humorous poem on " Thanksgiv- 
 ing Day." 
 
 Now began the drill on our commencement exercises. We were taken, one 
 at a time, into the large, unfinished audience hall to practice. Miss Houghton 
 was an able elocutionist. She seemed to have an ocean of voice at her com- 
 mand. She was appreciative. No beautiful thought, well expressed, ever 
 escaped her notice. The was also an unsparing critic. It was of no use for the 
 girls to lose their tempers. A little temper sometimes came in good play when 
 spirited reading was required. 
 
 As preceptress, Miss Houghton was vigilant. We used to think she under- 
 stood everything. She cautioned the girls against expense and display in the 
 selection of dresses for the graduating exercises. A plain dress of good material, 
 
50 Historical Sketch. 
 
 she said, was in better taste. She used to say, " If a girl ever wishes to look 
 pretty, it is when she is married, and if yon dress your best now, you cannot 
 do better at your wedding." Her advice was generally appreciated and followed. 
 
 The graduating class consisted of four young men and sixteen young ladies — 
 a combination of fours. 
 
 Gay as we felt over our prospects, we could not avoid a solemn feeling, as we 
 met, for the last time, in the basement, for morning exercises. As we looked 
 on the Board for the number of the song selected by Professor Allen, a subdued 
 whisper was heard, " How appropriate ! " It was : 
 
 Our Father, through the coming year, 
 
 We know not what shall be ; 
 But we would leave, without a fear, 
 
 Its ord'ring all to Thee. 
 
 1873-74. 
 
 (June 18, 1873— March 26, 1874.) 
 
 In March, 1873, Dr. Lucky was reelected as temporary Princi- 
 pal, Professor C. H. Allen as Vice-Principal, and Miss E. W. 
 Houghton and Miss Lucy M. Washburn, a graduate of the Nor- 
 mal School at Fredonia, New York, as assistants, and Miss M. J. 
 Titus as Principal of the Training School. With this Faculty, the 
 school opened its twelfth year June 18, 1873. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held August 4, 1873,. 
 Professor C. H. Allen was elected permanent Principal, and 
 August ninth, J. H. Braly, who had resigned his office as Trustee, 
 was elected Vice-Principal, and Miss E. W. Houghton was desig- 
 nated Preceptress. Feeling the necessity of the improvement of 
 the school, and its more satisfactory organization, the Board, at 
 the same meeting, appointed a committee consisting of Trustee 
 Cory and the Principal, to present a report upon the condition, 
 wants, and objects of the Normal School. In accordance with 
 this appointment, the following report was presented at the next 
 meeting, October 22, 1873, and was unanimously adopted: 
 
 To the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School of California: 
 
 Gentlemen: Your committee, to whom was referred the matter of "The 
 Objects and Wants of the Normal School," beg leave respectfully to submit the 
 following report: 
 
 The primary object of a Normal School is to fit young persons to enter upon 
 the work of teaching, intelligently, and to perform the work successfully. 
 
 Theoretically, a Normal School should teach only how to teach, receiving 
 pupils after they are fully prepared in scholastic attainments, and giving them 
 the necessary instruction in the philosophy of education and methods of teach- 
 ing. 
 
State Normal School. 51 
 
 Practically, it has in all cases, your committee believe, been found necessary 
 to devote much of the time and the labor of the school to preparing pupils in 
 the branches to be taught. 
 
 Several causes conspire to make this divergence between the theory and the 
 practice in Normal Schools. Among them are the following: 
 
 I. The profession of teaching has, as yet, not become so permanent and 
 remunerative that pupils will take the time, after having acquired sufficient 
 knowledge to obtain certificates, to qualify themselves in methods of teaching, 
 and a school doing only professional work would find itself without pupils. 
 
 II. The successful teacher requires more positive, exhaustive, and definite 
 knowledge of the branches he is to teach than is usually given in other schools. 
 
 III. It is believed, and perhaps truly, that there is a certain economy in 
 combining the instruction how to teach with that which gives what is to be 
 taught. 
 
 IV. Most, persons who desire to fit themselves for teaching, desire at the 
 same time to acquire the knowledge that will fit them for any or all the duties 
 of life. 
 
 Whether all this is founded in good philosophy or not, we are obliged to accept 
 it as true, and schools must, to meet the public demand, be organized and con- 
 ducted accordingly. 
 
 It remains, then, to present the plan which will, under the circumstances, 
 best meet the public demand and accomplish the desired end. In connection 
 with this, your committee make the following suggestions: 
 
 The school must be manned by a corps of well qualified instructors. This 
 involves teachers who, in addition to the thorough and critical knowledge of 
 the branches taught, which is absolutely necessary, shall have devoted time, 
 study, and thought enough to the subject of teaching, so that they have arrived 
 at the natural or normal method of presentation, and who are sufficiently 
 acquainted with the laws of mental growth and development to be able to 
 judge whether their work is accomplishing what they desire. They must also 
 have that somewhat rare power of selection, which will enable them to distin- 
 guish between essentials and non-essentials, and to work accordingly. 
 
 In addition to this, they must have that mental strength and activity which 
 will enable them, when brought into contact with adult and vigorous minds, 
 to lead them instead of being led by them. 
 
 If such teachers can be found and secured, the success of your school is 
 certain. 
 
 A Normal School, from its very nature, must be progressive. No school, and 
 no teacher in the school, must rest contented upon the laurels already gained 
 or the point already attained. There is need for constant intercourse with 
 educators the world over. One who would hold and worthily fill his position 
 as a teacher in a Normal School, can do so only by a life of labor. 
 
 The course of study and training should provide for two distinct kinds of 
 work. That is, there are certain subjects which teachers are required to know, 
 and there are other subjects, which, under existing circumstances, they can 
 only be expected to know about. Could our course of study be extended to 
 three, or even four years, we might enlarge the first class of subjects, and 
 diminish the second. That, for the present, seems impracticable. 
 
 There must, then, be given a thorough, searching, definite knowledge of the 
 branches which are to be taught in the public schools, and a power to express 
 that knowledge with clearness and precision. Nothing can take the place of 
 this. And especially should this knowledge and power be given in the struc- 
 
52 Historical Sketch. 
 
 ture and use of our mother tongue. Language is the teacher's instrument; if 
 he would be successful, he must become the master of it. 
 
 Of the second class of subjects — those upon which we may expect only gen- 
 eral information—but a general knowledge can be given. This knowledge 
 should be accurate, as far as it goes ; should give the boundaries and divisions 
 of the subject, and such other information as will enable the pupil to pursue it 
 alone after leaving the school, and, if possible, such a love for study as will give 
 him the inclination so to do. 
 
 Many of these so called higher studies have a very important economic 
 value ; that is, they are closely connected with the laws of life and health, with 
 the daily avocations of life, and with the protection and development of the 
 resources of our State. The instruction in these should be such as to bring 
 this relation constantly before the pupil, thus compelling him to realize that 
 our schools should prepare children for the practical duties of life. 
 
 As many of these studies require for their proper prosecution, illustrative 
 apparatus, the Normal School must have, at as early a time as possible, a com- 
 plete apparatus. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. 
 
 Ben. Coey, 
 Chas. H. Allen, 
 Committee. 
 
 The school had now reached a point where it became almost a 
 necessity to make some provision for pupils from a distance, who, 
 upon examination, were found unqualified for work in Normal 
 Classes. Besides having incurred heavy traveling expenses in 
 coming to the Normal School, these pupils had, in most cases, 
 completed the work of the Grammar Schools in the counties from 
 which they came, and so could gain little by reentering those 
 schools. It was, therefore, thought best to form a class specially 
 for these, and a Preparatory Class was organized in November, 1873, 
 with Miss Cornelia Walker, formerly of the State Normal School 
 at St. Cloud, Minnesota, as teacher. The special work of this 
 class was a thorough review of the elementary branches in prep- 
 aration for the work of the Junior Class. A tuition fee was 
 charged of one dollar per week, afterwards reduced to seventy- 
 five cents. 
 
 During this year, the Senior Class began regular practice work 
 in the Training School, under the supervision of its Principal, 
 Miss Titus. 
 
 Rooms were fitted up to receive specimens in geology and nat- 
 ural history, forming the nucleus of the future Museum. 
 
State Normal School. 53 
 
 1874-75. 
 
 (June 10, 1874— March 25, 1875.) 
 
 By an Act passed March 30, 1874, the laws relating to the 
 Normal School were amended in a few particulars. The new 
 building affording abundant accommodation for all who were 
 likely to apply for admission, the sections providing for competi- 
 tive examinations of candidates, by County Boards, were repealed. 
 Tuition was no longer required from residents of other States and 
 Territories, but such students were required to sign a declaration 
 of intention to teach, either in California or in the States and Ter- 
 ritories where they resided. 
 
 The Board of Trustees was authorized, at its discretion, to issue 
 elementary diplomas to those who worthily completed a portion 
 of the course of study, to be prescribed. The State Board of Ex- 
 amination was required to grant second grade State certificates 
 on these elementary diplomas, first grade State certificates on 
 diplomas of graduation, and educational diplomas on past grad- 
 uate diplomas. 
 
 It was distinctly specified that the Trustees should receive no 
 compensation for their services, and no money for traveling ex- 
 penses. 
 
 The State Superintendent was no longer made ex officio Secre- 
 tary of the Board, but the Board was to appoint a Secretary, with- 
 out salary, and was required to keep a record of its proceedings, 
 open to public inspection. A few other changes and additions 
 were made, of minor importance. Under the new provision, 
 Principal Allen was elected Secretary of the Board. 
 
 The school now increased rapidly in numbers, reaching at one 
 time in the year nearly three hundred in the Normal Classes. 
 This necessitated still further additions to the Faculty. Miss 
 Walker was promoted to the Normal Department, her place in 
 the Preparatory Class being filled by Miss Phebe P. Grigsby, and 
 Miss Annie E. Chamberlain, a graduate of the Normal Depart- 
 ment of the University of Wisconsin, was elected as assistant in 
 the Junior Classes. Miss Florence Grigsby, a graduate of the 
 class of 1874, was made assistant in the Training School. Not- 
 withstanding these additions, the Principal says in his annual 
 report for 1875: 
 
 5 ' 
 
54 Historical Sketch. 
 
 During the year we have been obliged to keep up four Junior Classes. These 
 have, much of the time, numbered forty-five each. The Senior Class has num- 
 bered about fifty, and of this but one class could be made. 
 
 Our instructional force has been quite too small. While it is as easy to teach 
 forty as one, it is impossible to give to classes of this size the training in expres- 
 sion, and in clearness of thought, so desirable in the teacher. From the very 
 nature of our work, a Normal School requires a much larger corps of teachers, 
 in proportion to the number of pupils, than other schools. The principal work 
 must be training rather than teaching. 
 
 Up to this time, the Training School Classes had been made up 
 of pupils from the public schools, and the San Jose Board of Edu- 
 cation had paid a certain sum monthly for each class. At the 
 beginning of the second term of the school year 1874-75, the 
 Training School was opened as a tuition school, independent of 
 the city schools, and soon became nearly self-sustaining. 
 
 Work on the building was still in progress. During the latter 
 part of the year, class-rooms on the second floor were fitted up 
 for the better accommodation of the large number in attendance, 
 and the assembly hall, which was at first designed only for pub- 
 lic gatherings, was seated, and used for the daily morning assem- 
 bling of the school. 
 
 As no special appropriation for furnishing had yet been made, 
 these expenditures drew heavily upon the current expense fund, 
 creating a deficit of over $1,000. Referring to this, the annual 
 report of the Trustees says: 
 
 The school for the coming year will doubtless number more than three hun- 
 dred, or double the number provided for when the last appropriation was made. 
 To meet the increased demand for instruction, we must increase the corps of 
 teachers, and unwilling] y, on our part, create a still greater deficit. The only 
 alternative is to refuse admission to the school (which, if pupils are qualified, 
 we have no right, under the law, to do), or to close the school for a part of the 
 year. We feel assured that we have taken the better course, and that the com- 
 ing Legislature will cheerfully appropriate a sufficient amount to meet this 
 deficit, when the circumstances under which it has arisen shall be understood. 
 
 The appropriation of |3,000 for apparatus, and of $500 annually for library, 
 are being expended with great care, purchasing only those articles which will 
 be of constant use. 
 
 We felt warranted in expending $500 of the apparatus appropriation in the 
 purchase of a very valuable collection of shells, consisting of nearly three 
 thousand species, collected and named by the late Dr. Canfield, of Monterey, 
 to be named the " Canfield Collection." 
 
State Normal School. 55 
 
 1875-76. 
 
 (June 15, 1875— March 31, 1876.) 
 
 The year 1875-76 was marked by the addition to the Faculty 
 of Professor Henry B. Norton, of the State Normal School at 
 Emporia, Kansas. Professor Norton was elected March 25, 1875, 
 and began his work in the school at the opening of the year, in 
 June. From that time until his death in 1885, he labored tire- 
 lessly as teacher and lecturer, both in the school and in Teachers' 
 Institutes throughout the State. A fellow teacher, Miss Houghton, 
 writes thus of his coming: 
 
 His skillful handling of all subjects that he taught, his great fund of infor- 
 mation, his ready, kindly answers to all questions, made his pupils feel that a 
 new and strong power had been added to the school, while the Faculty, each 
 and all, soon found themselves deferring to his opinions, drawing from his rich 
 store of knowledge, and feeling that he was a man ready to fill any gap, to per- 
 form able, generous services here, there, and everywhere. 
 
 The growth and progress of the school for the year can best be 
 shown by the following extracts from the annual report of the 
 Principal, in 1876: 
 
 The records of the school show a continued and healthful growth. * * * 
 The average attendance for the year has exceeded, by sixty, the highest num- 
 ber enrolled last year, and is more than double the average attendance for the 
 two preceding years, upon which our biennial appropriation was based. We 
 have felt it necessary to raise somewhat the grade of admission, and to drop 
 from the school those whose mental habits convinced the Faculty that they 
 could never make successful teachers. About twenty have thus been dropped, 
 and perhaps an equal number discouraged from entering. Had our effort been 
 simply to make a large school, we might have reported an attendance of more 
 than four hundred; but we have, under your suggestions, striven to have a 
 school composed only of good working members, and of such the school is now 
 chiefly composed. * * * 
 
 The Faculty unanimously recommend extending the course to three years, 
 and a provision for graduation at the end of the second year, with an element- 
 ary diploma. Teachers will be thus qualified for the great mass of the schools 
 of the State, and it is believed many more will, by this arrangement, remain 
 through the course. 
 
 At the beginning of the year one additional teacher was elected, but the 
 growth of the school has left us still very short of help. We have carried 
 through the year five Junior Classes, and these have numbered as high as fifty- 
 six. With such classes no teacher can do really good work. With an oppor- 
 tunity to recite only once in two or three days, even the most earnest pupils 
 will become slack in preparing lessons. The only antidote to this is written 
 recitations. This has been unceasingly applied, but entails such labor upon 
 the teacher as few can endure. I venture the assertion, that the teachers of 
 the Normal School have, for the past year, devoted more time to school work 
 
56 Historical Sketch. 
 
 than is required of laboring men by the hardest task-masters. Our task-master 
 has been necessity. * * * 
 
 We need, and, to make the school what it should be, must have, at least two 
 additional teachers, and confidently indulge the hope that our Legislature, in 
 its wisdom, will place at your disposal an amount sufficient to enable you to 
 meet this demand. 
 
 We are using all of the completed portions of the building, and are pressed 
 for room. The completion of the building is also a necessity. 
 
 The preparatory class and training schools are' filling their places well, and 
 have been kept full, while many applicants for admission have been sent away. 
 
 1876-77. 
 
 (June 20, 1876— March 31, 1877.) 
 
 Beginning with this year the course of study was extended to 
 three years — Junior, Middle, and Senior. For the next four years 
 elementary diplomas were granted to those who completed the 
 work of the Middle year, but as this plan did not prove in all 
 respects satisfactory, the Board, in 1880, decided not to grant ele- 
 mentary diplomas in future.* 
 
 In accordance with the reports and recommendations of the 
 Board of Trustees, the Legislature, in March, 1876, increased the 
 appropriation for current expenses to $24,000 per year for the next 
 two years, and made liberal appropriations for library and furni- 
 ture, besides providing for the deficiency already created. The 
 necessary means being thus provided, two valuable additions were 
 made to the Faculty. In April, 1876, the Board elected as teachers 
 in the Normal Department Professor Ira More, formerly Principal 
 of the State Normal School at St. Cloud, Minnesota, and Miss 
 Helen S. Wright, who had been a teacher in the Normal Schools 
 at Fredonia and at Potsdam, New York. 
 
 In the Training Department Miss Mary E. Wilson, of the class 
 of 1875, was elected Assistant in June, 1876, and in November was 
 elected to take the place of Miss Florence Grigsby, who resigned 
 at that time. 
 
 Extract from Report of Principal, March, 1877. 
 
 After long and careful deliberation we have reached the conclusion that the 
 interests of the school and of the educational interests of the State require a 
 change in our terms. We close now about the last of March. This year one 
 hundred pupils will leave the school one month before we close, to attend the 
 March examinations. This takes away much of interest and zest from those 
 
 *The names of students who received elementary diplomas are given after 
 the alphabetical list of graduates with full diplomas. 
 
State Normal School. 57 
 
 who remain, and those leaving lose the inspiration to go on, always drawn from 
 the closing exercises. Again, we close so late that the graduates, who, of course, 
 cannot leave before April first, will find it too late to engage schools, and will 
 be left without employment when they need it most. If we closed one month 
 earlier, or about two months later, both these difficulties would be in a measure 
 obviated. If we closed two months later, the graduates, after a few weeks' rest, 
 would be ready for the new school year, and we could close on the full tide of 
 attendance. There are many considerations which lead us to conclude that 
 the school year hereafter should begin about the first of August, and close 
 the last of May; and we ask that you so arrange the terms for the next year. 
 
 Reminiscences by a Member of 77. 
 
 Happy Normal days of new ways and new associates, and new vistas open- 
 ing adown the avenues of hope! Return for a joyous while with your golden 
 memories and the glow of the old-time, young impressions fresh upon you. 
 Yet impose not upon me the dignity of class historian; that were better main- 
 tained by many another member in a manner pleasingly characteristic ; by 
 Miss Salkeld with enlivening diversity ; by Mr. Sanborn with an undercurrent 
 of quiet satire; by Miss Snedaker with the boldness of originality; by Miss 
 Royce with painstaking accuracy; by Miss Patterson with modest grace; by 
 Miss Allen with bewitching piquancy and naivete, and a refreshing intersper- 
 sion of jibe and jest to keep us in a roar; by Miss Sprague with chaste elegance; 
 by sweet Sue Moore with a motherly kindness that would bring us clustering 
 about her feet to listen ; or it might acceptably appear with a touch of the poetic 
 fervor shining through Miss Barry's dreamy eyes, or in a setting of the artistic 
 finish characteristic of Kate More's handiwork. Indeed, what a variety of 
 desirable ways are suggested as the individual classmates pass in review before 
 memory's mirror. 
 
 Entering for the first time upon the thoroughly systematized work of the 
 Normal course, what a contrast appears between the accustomed mode of rou- 
 tine drill and this, where everything that is done and the way in which it is 
 done have a reason behind them and an object in perspective. 
 
 A fitting prelude to the day's work were the devotional exercises, occupying 
 fifteen minutes each morning, when all students and instructors were expected 
 to be present in the assembly hall, either to take part, or to maintain a respectful 
 silence. After a formal registering of class reports by the Vice-Principal, a 
 chapter from the scriptures was read by the Principal, Prof. Charles H. Allen. 
 The words fell sweetly impressive from his lips, the venerable presence of the 
 man harmonizing peculiarly with the situation. Ascending to the reading 
 stand upon the rostrum, the overtasked frame, the flowing beard, white hair, 
 and overhanging brows, the fine, pale features, the penetrating, clear blue eye, 
 even the characteristic, outward swing of the right foot, all combined to form 
 a harmonious whole at once venerable and commanding; a man who wore his 
 honors with a native grace. In general it would be remarked: "This is the 
 right man in the right place ;" but here we forget, so at one is he with the 
 school in all its workings, that it could go on without him, the central figure, 
 and we would say, rather: "This is the proper setting for the man." As he 
 descends from the executive chair, he goes crowned with the glory of a work 
 well done, a charge faithfully kept. 
 
 After the scriptural reading, grand anthems rolled to the trembling dome,, 
 poured forth by three or four hundred voices, led by the musical director, Prof- 
 Z. M. Parvin. 
 
58 Historical Sketch. 
 
 From the assembly hall the classes passed to their various recitation, to 
 receive from their teachers not only instruction, but the characteristic impres- 
 sion which each was inevitably stamping upon his or her pupils. 
 
 An almost electric keenness pervaded the atmosphere of Miss "Walker's class- 
 room. Maintaining forever a war of wits with her pupils, which kept them on 
 tbe keen edge of alertness, her method could not fail to arouse the most slug- 
 gish intellects to unwonted activity. It acted, indeed, as a wholesome stimu- 
 lant, a gentle contrast to which lay, not less pleasingly, in the tranquil presence 
 and winning ways of the gentlewomanly Miss Wright, who was elected to the 
 Faculty in March, 1876, succeeding Miss Houghton as Preceptress, upon the 
 resignation of the latter, in March, 1877. 
 
 Were I to choose a single word which should most fittingly characterize Miss 
 Houghton, that word — if you will please to accept it in its pureness, entering 
 into the genuine elegance of it — that word should be thoroughbred ; a woman 
 whose taste was perfect, whose simple presence was a silent educator. 
 
 At the same time with Miss Wright, Professor More joined the corps of 
 instructors. He was an iron-clad man with an iron-frame mind; one whose 
 strong personality was not to be fathomed in a day, or a week, or a month; a 
 man likely to be underestimated by immaturity, but liked intensely by those 
 fortunate enough to appreciate him ; a man of geometric proportions, physi- 
 cally, mentally, and morally. 
 
 Miss Washburn's work throughout was characterized by accuracy and finish. 
 It seems to me that the secret underlying her success was her happy faculty of 
 imparting to her classes a contagion of interest in whatever subj ect she handled ; 
 so that the most persistent drill (and she was persistent) did not become mo- 
 notonous with her. 
 
 Professor Braly's genial face graced the Vice-Principal's chair. Affable, com- 
 panionable, and thrown by the general duties of that office into contact alike 
 with all the classes, he was a social favorite throughout the school — as with his 
 associates everywhere — and was in demand upon all social occasions. 
 
 Foremost among these for pleasurable memory is the reception and banquet 
 given by the Senior Class in honor of the birthday anniversary of our beloved 
 Principal; to which were invited all members of the Board of Instruction and 
 members of the Alumni who chanced to be present, and where wit and merri- 
 ment sparkled and flowed, while the fair waitresses in dainty muslin caps and 
 aprons with their pink and blue ribbons (a pretty conceit for the occasion) 
 flitted hither and thither dispensing viands — from Yankee baked beans to trifles 
 and delicacies — ad infinitum; in-so-much that Professor Norton, when toasts 
 were in order, facetiously remarked upon the Utter-ary bent of the assemblage. 
 Later in the season, but not less delightful, was the reception given by Professor 
 arid Mrs. Allen to the Senior Class in honor of the nuptials of Mrs. Josie Wright 
 Armstrong, a popular member of the class, and, previously, a teacher of experi- 
 ence and ability. 
 
 Our Literary Society was of a general character, representing all of the classes. 
 Once, by way of variety, we revived memories of old-fashioned ways by chal- 
 lenging the gentlemen's debating club to an open contest in spelling, Professor 
 Norton, he of blessed memory, the loved and revered of all, teachers and stu- 
 dents alike, kindly consenting to preside and " give out the words." The ladies' 
 society dishonored its name of " Work and Win," the ' Amphictyons " whipping 
 us right royally. However, we gave, occasionally, delightful public entertain- 
 ments, when the vast assembly hall was full to overflowing with the elite of the 
 city. 
 
State Normal School. 59 
 
 Throughout the Senior year we enjoyed the privileges of Professor Allen's 
 lectures upon mental growth and development, and methods of teaching based 
 thereon ; with the addition during the last five months of practical work in the 
 Training School, under the supervision of the efficient instructors of that 
 department. 
 
 And then we graduated and were happy ever after. Go thou and do like- 
 wise. 
 
 1877-78. 
 
 (August 7, 1877— May 23, 1878.) 
 
 The change in the time of opening and closing terms, recom- 
 mended by the Faculty, was made in 1877, prolonging the sum- 
 mer vacation to August, and making the second term begin in 
 January instead of in November. 
 
 Before the opening of the year, Miss Houghton, who had been 
 connected with the school since 1864, sent her resignation to the 
 Board of Trustees on account of failing health. The resignation 
 was accepted by the Board with expressions of regret and of high 
 esteem for Miss Houghton's character and services. They elected 
 Miss Helen S. Wright as her successor in the position of Precep- 
 tress. 
 
 During the second term, Miss Mary E. B. Norton, a sister of 
 Professor Norton, and for many years a teacher in the Rockford 
 Seminary, Illinois, was elected to a position in the Normal Depart- 
 ment, her specialty being botany. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF PRINCIPAL, MAY, 1878. 
 
 Contrary to our expectations, the past year has shown a notable increase in 
 the numbers in attendance at the school. We had thought that during last 
 j^ear we had reached the maximum; but, notwithstanding the "hard times," 
 as will be seen, there has been an increase of nearly twenty -five per cent. * * * 
 
 We present two classes for graduation. The Senior Class numbers fifty-eight 
 and the Middle Class forty-nine. Of the present Senior Class, fifteen graduated 
 with second grade diplomas last year. 
 
 This seems a large number of teachers to be sent out in one year, but will 
 not, we think, oversupply the demand for trained teachers. As Superintend- 
 ents and District Boards learn the difference between the work of those who 
 have only scholarship to recommend them and those who have, besides this, a 
 definite plan of work and a knowledge of the means to be used in securing the 
 best results, trained teachers will be more and more in demand. 
 
 At the beginning of the year, Miss Eliza W. Houghton, long connected with 
 the school, and well and favorably known through the State, resigned her posi- 
 tion, owing to failing health. We parted with her regretfully, feeling that the 
 school would suffer a great loss by her withdrawal. * * * With the means 
 now placed at the disposal of the Board, the school can, during the next two 
 
6o HistoiHcal Sketch. 
 
 years, be supplied with teachers so as to reduce the numbers in each class 
 taught, to a maximum of twenty-five. We shall thus be able to do much more 
 satisfactory work, as each pupil can have more opportunity for recitation, and 
 will receive more special training in manner and expression. 
 
 Reminiscences of the Class of 78. 
 
 What an inspiration it is to go into Room K and look upon the array of 
 bright faces portrayed in the class pictures! How insignificant our photo- 
 graph is compared with the fine one '89 has just placed there! Ours is one of 
 the smallest and nearly the oldest in the collection. I wonder if we have faded 
 into insignificance like that. Surely photography has advanced since our day; 
 the world has progressed; have we? Perhaps it is our modest example that 
 has suggested this fine display ; let us hope that in other directions we have 
 been setting at work forces that are developing great things. 
 . How well I remember the day we went to Santa Clara to sit for this picture ! 
 I went with the two Fannies ; and just as the artist was showing my negative, 
 which mirrored a smile he had evoked with much labor, one Fanny touched 
 the dripping plate with her index finger. Oh, the wrath of the artist! Oh, 
 the scolding we received ! But he atoned for it afterwards by sending us a 
 photograph of all the famous places in Santa Clara. Fanny was our youngest, 
 and we lost trace of her for a long time after graduation; but we found her at 
 last, with a fine looking young husband and "just the dearest baby." The 
 other Fanny was one of the quietest girls in the class, but very sweet and capa- 
 ble. I used to think she was already pluming her wings for Heaven; and in 
 one short year after graduation, the angel with the amaranthine wreath took 
 her home. 
 
 The picture reminds us of our fine group of young men, seventeen per cent ; 
 can any other class give as good a showing ? Mr. Pettit, the mature looking 
 young man at the right, won our warmest admiration when he nursed his 
 room-mate through the small-pox. We were all summoned to the assembly 
 hall one afternoon, and Professor Allen called him to the platform to receive 
 a fine watch, the gift of the school in appreciation of his self-sacrifice. How 
 noble he looked as he gave his word of thanks, adding " I only did my duty ! " 
 Henceforth he was a hero in our eyes. We never had a class meeting at which 
 he did not preside, and in our reunions it has always been a pleasant feature to 
 have him in his accustomed place. 
 
 There were affinities in our class. We all had our chums. And if two of 
 the most charming girls did monopolize two of the young men, I am sure the 
 rest of us have long since forgiven them. There was one very noticeable trio, 
 Miss Nelson, so dashing and jolly, Miss Chapman, refined and lovable, Miss 
 Raymond, good and faithful. If I remember rightly, they were particularly 
 fond of visiting with Professor More. 
 
 He seemed to have an inexhaustible fund of knowledge, but we never could 
 discover when he worked to get it. He did everything so easily, and always 
 had abundance of time to argue and joke with us. It was he who opened our 
 eyes to the wonders of the heavens. Who does not remember gratefully the 
 evenings he gave us with the telescope? Once our class was very suddenly 
 transferred to him for arithmetic. We were very indignant, for our dear Miss 
 Washburn had labored for months to teach us the importance of percentage ; 
 and now he swept away our arguments and methods with one ruthless stroke. 
 Afterwards we were told that this was done just to teach us that there is more 
 than one way of doing a thing. 
 
State Normal School. 61 
 
 But if any one wished to talk to Professor Norton, the busy man must be 
 stopped in the hall, carrying a bottle under one arm and a coil of tubing on the 
 other. He always met such interruptions with hearty good will. In those days 
 our laboratory work was carried on in a crude way. Each pupil was provided 
 with a square tin pail, converted by Professor Norton's ingenuity into a chem- 
 ist's water bath, by a movable tin shelf pierced with holes for collecting gases 
 in inverted bottles. The same pail, after the water was turned out, served to 
 hold the rest of our little collection of apparatus. So we received the practical 
 lesson how to make much of little in our own schools. 
 
 It was just before our graduation that Miss Norton entered the school. We 
 remember the girlish enthusiasm of those who had never before known any 
 one who had traveled in Europe. In two weeks she put us into a new world of 
 nature and of art. 
 
 I never study this picture of ours without thinking of a little treasure box I 
 have. Let us see what its contents will recall. Here is a badge of crape, worn 
 the day we went with our teachers to attend the funeral of Annie Harrigan. 
 We heaped flowers upon her desk at school; and here also are the resolutions 
 we published, Clara Richardson's name heading the committee. This little 
 bunch of pressed violets lay by my plate at the banquet we gave Professor Allen 
 on the golden day that numbered his fifty years. Best of all the feast of good 
 things were the after-dinner speeches from the Faculty — a custom worth reviv- 
 ing by later classes, for this inspiration did much to make us what we are. The 
 influence of that day is a part of my best life; but the only speech I can quote 
 word for word is that of Miss Royce, who said she was the baby of the Faculty, 
 and " children should be seen and not heard." She was assistant in the Pre- 
 paratory then, and our library, managed by a student and opened but occasion- 
 ally, was a thing of beauty rather than of utility. I remember taking home 
 but one book during my connection with the school — Darwin's " Origin of Spe- 
 cies." It is a constant source of regret that Miss Royce, whose invaluable ser- 
 vices have made the Normal library such a power in the school, could not have 
 unfolded these treasures in our day. The next keepsake that appears is a small 
 card of invitation, rosy as our hopes that bright morning, embossed with letters 
 as golden as our memory of that good time — Professor Braly's breakfast party 
 at New Almaden. By nine o'clock, after a delightful ride, we were grouped 
 with our teachers around six blazing camp fires at Hacienda. Each person 
 was provided with a piece of fresh beef, and a long stick upon which to roast 
 it. The recipe had not been included in our study of household science, and 
 some of the inexperienced produced strange contrasts, steaks coal black on one 
 side and lobster red on the other, with a copious seasoning of ashes and cinders. 
 But no amount of inexperience could spoil the delicious coffee, the bread and 
 butter, and the boiled eggs our hostess placed before us. After keen enjoyment 
 of this unique breakfast we spent the remainder of the day climbing the hills, 
 searching for botanical specimens, and visiting together. At night we returned, 
 tendering enthusiastic thanks to the kind Professor whose bounty had made 
 us so happy. How genial he was, always with such warm greetings for all, 
 that each student felt himself the recipient of special favor. 
 
 And here is the programme of our Commencement week. We thought we 
 should like a baccalaureate address, so as many as wished went on the last 
 Sunday evening to hear our beloved Professor Norton preach a gospel of devel- 
 opment in work, from Phil. 2 : 12, 13. He taught us that the way of labor is 
 the royal way — God's way ; that we must do our duty and leave the rest with 
 God. "Man commenced in a garden, he ends in a mansion; this is a type of 
 growth. Think of Christ the laborer; like Him we are to ivork." 
 
62 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Thus Professor Norton taught us how to labor, Professor Braly taught us to 
 temper our work with the little courtesies that bring sunshine into daily life, 
 while Professor Allen taught us what to be. You remember his favorite maxim, 
 " Be what you would have your pupils become." He does not know how lov- 
 ingly his " children " think of him, as they try to live out his teachings. Class- 
 mates, we are coming into the heat of the day, we realize the crisis that is upon 
 the New West. As we take up our share of the great day's toil with fresh 
 enthusiasm it is fitting that we should recall the influences that have fashioned 
 our lives, and pay tribute to the hand that has made our Alma Mater one 
 of the greatest forces in the true development of this coast. Some day may he 
 realize that he has "builded better than he knew." 
 
 1878-79. 
 
 (August 6, 1878— May 22, 1879.) 
 
 No changes of importance were made in the work of the school 
 during this year. Two additions were made to the Faculty. 
 Professor C. W. Childs, of the class of June, 1867, was elected in 
 June, 1878. He had taught successfully ever since his gradua- 
 tion, for six years as Principal of the High School at Suisun City, 
 and had been County Superintendent of Solano County two terms. 
 Professor Childs began his work in the Normal School in August, 
 1878, his specialties being history and bookkeeping. 
 
 Miss Frances L. Webster, of the Normal School at Cedar Falls, 
 
 Iowa, also came into the school in August, specially as a teacher 
 
 of reading. 
 
 From Principal's Report, May, 1879. 
 
 This term closes the most satisfactory year's work that has been accom- 
 plished since my connection with the school. With the two additional teachers, 
 elected at the beginning of the year, I have been able to arrange and assign 
 the work in such a way that much more has been accomplished than ever 
 before. Reading and industrial drawing have received especial attention, the 
 result of which will, we hope, be made apparent in the work of our graduates. 
 
 The attendance has been somewhat less than that of last year, owing partly 
 to the pressure of " hard times," and, possibly, to the fact that the school is 
 now quite as large as is demanded by the present educational wants of the 
 State. Comparatively more have entered the higher classes, and many, already 
 holding first grade State certificates, have attended the school to improve 
 themselves in the profession of teaching. 
 
 Reminiscences by Jessie Williamson, Class of May, 1879. 
 
 How many happy memories cluster round those magic words, Class of '79 ! 
 We were a happy, care-free set-, as memory shows them to me, few of us 
 taking thought for the future and the responsibilities soon to rest upon us as 
 educators of the youth of our land. We were a unique class, in our own 
 estimation, having many distinguishing features that set us apart from ordi- 
 nary classes. We were of all ages, from the dear little girl who wore short 
 
State Normal School. 63 
 
 dresses and was the pet of the class, to the step-great-grandmother, if the ex- 
 pression may be used, of thirteen great grandchildren. There were all nation- 
 alities and styles, and decidedly more girls than boys. Thos. Edmonds had 
 been a "midshipmite," and was familiarly called the Fiji Islander. He had a 
 turn for poetry, as had also Kate Appleby, Mary Muir, Hattie Haile, and Si 
 Hanscom, and many and various were the songs of the muses served up to us 
 by these interesting members. Then there were the musical ones, Ella Irish, 
 Mary Adams, Charlotte McCleran, Wm. Newcuni, and Francis M. Sullivan; 
 Wm. Walter Brown, who always walked the halls with an encyclopedia under 
 each arm, taking in knowledge by absorption ; quiet Claude Wakefield, who 
 knew much, but was careful not to tell it if it could be helped; plump little 
 May Crittenden, and Roby Hines, and many others. 
 
 We enjoyed the distinction of being the last class to graduate from the old 
 building. Dear old building! Handsomer by far than the new one ever dreamed 
 of being. What if it was not quite so convenient? Does beauty count for 
 naught in this age of art? There were four stately entrances, one from each 
 street. The halls were spacious and finished in handsome woods. The assem- 
 bly hall, where the school gathered each morning, occupied the entire eastern 
 wing of the building, and was two full stories in height. There was a commo- 
 dious gallery, and the seats both in it and on the lower floor were in tiers, thus 
 giving a good view from all parts of the house. But the building was a gem 
 without a setting, for at that time the land surrounding it was only an alkali 
 waste. 
 
 We might have been known as the class of petitions, for many and various 
 were the written requests made of the Faculty. It seems laughable now, for 
 none of them were ever granted, yet we never hesitated when the spirit moved 
 us to present another. At one time we tired of reading, and a committee con- 
 sisting of the young men of the class, waited upon the Principal, and requested 
 that we be allowed to discontinue our work in that study. We were satisfied 
 on being told that a change would be made at the end of the term. We did 
 not stop to think that it would have been done even if we had not made the 
 request. We were even audacious enough to present a petition requesting the 
 Faculty to graduate one of our number whose name had not been placed upon 
 the list. It is needless to state the answer. 
 
 We were particularly fortunate in having as our class teacher Professor 
 Braly. No kinder man ever had charge of a class. In spite of our wayward- 
 ness, by his tact and kindly ways, order and discipline were fully preserved, and 
 perfect harmony reigned between teacher and pupil. We '79ers pity those of 
 later days who have not known our teachers, Professors Braly, More, Norton, 
 and others. 
 
 Our chemistry work was done with Professor Norton. We all admired him, 
 for he talked just as steadily and unceasingly while hunting under tables for 
 some missing article or gathering together chemicals in the closet, as while sit- 
 ting at his desk. Part of the class did experimental work under his guidance, 
 and many laughable incidents occurred. One day Mary Adams was mixing 
 and shaking in a test tube, when to her horror, the Professor announced " Miss 
 Mary now holds in her hand the most deadly explosive known to science." 
 The look on her face convulsed the class and a mighty shout went up. 
 
 Geology and astronomy were learned from Professor More. No text-books 
 were used, the instruction being entirely by lecture. No other man ever talked 
 so fast and so steadily as he. By the time a lecture was over, we were worn out 
 and our note books were full. 
 
 The terror of the Senior year was the review in grammar and arithmetic con- 
 ducted by Professor Allen. Boldly would we plunge into a tangle of figures, 
 
6 4 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 and after straightening theru out to our entire satisfaction hand in our papers 
 for criticism. With fear and trembling did we receive them back again nest 
 day only to find zero, zero, zero marked in various places. We were also led 
 through the mazes of political economy by Professor Allen and enjoyed it 
 immensely. 
 
 Now approaches the gala day of the year, Professor Allen's birthday. Here 
 again we departed from the usual custom, which was to spread an afternoon 
 feast in honor of the occasion. We determined upon an evening reception. 
 The tables were spread in the library and the large parlors on the opposite side 
 of the hall were thrown open for the reception of our guests. A profusion of 
 flowers, smilax, and evergreens was to be seen everywhere. After the ban- 
 quet, toasts appropriate to the occasion were given and then Hattie Haile, 
 Mistress of Ceremonies, called upon Thomas Edmonds, the poet of the even- 
 ing, who read the following : 
 
 Mistress Haile has my thanks, but I hardly agree 
 That a man is a poet, who a poet would be. 
 I'm a poetical mushroom — here firm as a post, 
 For my subject has lent me the power of a host. 
 
 We've assembled this evening with pleasure to share 
 In the speech of the wise and the smiles of the fair, 
 Though the beauties of both but in a measure display 
 How we all do rejoice on our Allen's birthday. 
 
 Here we call him " Our Allen," we hope he'll excuse, 
 And we promise his friendship we'll never abuse. 
 When we growl at our tasks, our report, our per cent, 
 We believe in our heart our benefit 's meant. 
 
 Since the days of his youth in a noble career, 
 He has well done his part without favor or fear. 
 In his own Quaker State, in the East, in the West, 
 And especially here, hand in hand with the best. 
 
 Our Minerva, Miss Wright, of poetical art, 
 Is not greater in genius than in kindness of heart. 
 While Philosopher Braly, so sparkling in jokes 
 And philology, reigns a true king of young folks. 
 
 In perception of truth, and in genius to rule, 
 Glows Miss Titus, the queen of a wonderful school, 
 Where perchance but few others affairs could arrange, 
 To well govern and monthly all officers change. 
 
 Misses Washburn and Chamberlain in art so exact, 
 Do on every occasion show talent and tact. 
 Our great scientist, Norton, true scholar and man, 
 Leads us on by example, as a chieftain his clan. 
 
 Here's a point I would raise about Professor of Space, 
 For he demonstrates well that each point has its place. 
 Now when pupils have troubles, as they have o'er and o'er, 
 Why like Oliver Twist, do they cry out for More ? 
 
State Normal School. 65 
 
 Our Professor C. Childs, is an artist so free 
 
 When of him we but think it's " Oh, Ho ! " and " He ! He ! " 
 
 Though we him might appease in angelic strain, 
 
 Could we equal Miss Webster or Miss M. McChain. 
 
 The name Norton, like Youmans, takes most of its worth 
 From connection with all the sweet flowers of earth. 
 While are clustered together (like jewels most choice, 
 Or bright birds of a feather) names Wilson and Royce. 
 
 Misses Walker and Grigsby with Professor Hamm, 
 Well to give them due credit, 'twould a folio cram. 
 To return to our Allen, our genial sage, 
 And his band of instructors illustrate the age. 
 
 Now, together they are, and our thanks well can claim, 
 As they work for our good, quite regardless of fame. 
 Though humility adds so to Reason's bright light, 
 That from summit to sea spreads our Faculty's might. 
 
 And now friends and classmates, from Mamie to Claude, 
 We may take as a toast what we all can applaud. 
 Here wish him of birthdays our number yet more, 
 And joy ever like this that cries Allen! Hurrah! 
 
 A short time after this the class was entertained at the house of Professor 
 Allen, and then again at Professor Braly's home. As picnic season approached 
 we became anxious for one more good time together, and a picnic to Black- 
 berry Farm was agreed iipon. George Ogden and W. A. Newcum were the 
 Committee of Arrangements and right well did they do their work. We all 
 came home reporting a perfect day as the closing of the social part of our con- 
 nection with the school. Soon after we received our diplomas, and with min- 
 gled feelings of joy and sorrow said that sad word, farewell. 
 
 1879-80. 
 
 (August 5, 1879— May 20, 1880.) 
 
 With the school year 1879-80 came a catastrophe which, in its 
 results, gave the strongest proof of the strength and vitality of the 
 school and of its hold upon the people of the State. 
 
 On the morning of Tuesday, February 10, 1880, the Normal 
 School building was totally destroyed by fire. The fire originated 
 in a defective ash chute, and probably had smoldered for hours 
 before it was discovered. When the alarm was given, at two 
 o'clock in the morning, the center of the building and the tower 
 were already in flames, making hopeless the attempt to save any 
 portion of the building; and by five o'clock, the beautiful and 
 costly edifice was a smoldering ruin. 
 
66 Historical Sketch. 
 
 The greater part of the library and a portion of the furniture were 
 saved; but the valuable museum and herbarium, the result of 
 years of collecting and labor, many books of reference, and most 
 of the furniture, valued in all at more than $18,000, were lost. 
 These, with the building, which cost $285,000, make a total loss 
 to the State estimated at nearly $304,000. There were also serious 
 private losses of valuable collections and personal property owned 
 by the Curator of the Museum, the teacher of Botany, and others. 
 ' Nothing daunted by this apparently fatal catastrophe, the Execu- 
 tive Committee of the Board of Trustees, with the Principal and 
 a few of the leading citizens, held an informal meeting on the 
 grounds while the fire was still in progress, to devise means for 
 continuing the work of the school. On Tuesday morning the 
 Board of Education of the City of San Jose promptly tendered the 
 High School building for the use of the Normal School, making 
 arrangements to accommodate the High School classes in other 
 buildings. Of this generous action, through which the school 
 was enabled to continue its work with but one day's interruption, 
 the Trustees, in their annual circular, thus expressed their appre- 
 ciation: "Too much praise can hardly be awarded to the Board of 
 Education of San Jose for their action in the matter, to the citi- 
 zens, in cheerfully acquiescing in their action, and to the teachers 
 and pupils of the city schools, for their ready and cheerful accept- 
 ance of a change productive of so much inconvenience to all." 
 
 An enthusiastic meeting of citizens was held on the evening of 
 February tenth, and a committee appointed to visit the Legisla- 
 ture, which fortunately was in session at the time, and urge an 
 immediate appropriation to rebuild the lost edifice. April 12, 
 1880, a bill was approved appropriating $100,000 to erect another 
 State Normal School building at San Jose. The insurance com- 
 panies promptly paid to the Trustees the insurance of $50,000 on 
 the old building, and work on the new building was at once begun. 
 Meanwhile the school, though feeling much the inconvenience 
 of its limited accommodations and loss of apparatus, continued 
 its work uninterrupted. 
 
 Extracts from Report of Principal, May, 1880. 
 
 During the legislative discussions in reference to the Normal School, two 
 assertions were made upon the floor, which do the school great injustice. As 
 there was no opportunity to answer them there, I beg leave to answer them here. 
 
 One assertion was, that the Normal School is a San Jose\ or Santa Clara 
 County, High School; and that it therefore should not be sustained by the State. 
 In answer to this charge I submit the following: 
 
State Normal School. 67 
 
 From our records of this year, I find that two hundred and seventy-five pupils 
 have entered the school from outside counties. These are distributed as follows : 
 San Francisco, twenty-seven; San Joaquin, twenty -four; Alameda, fifteen; 
 Monterey, ten ; Nevada, eleven ; Sonoma and Sutter, each nine ; Los Angeles 
 and Stanislaus, each eight ; El Dorado and Napa, each seven ; Santa Barbara, 
 six; Butte, Sacramento, San Luis Obispo, and Yuba, each five; Amador, Cala- 
 veras, Colusa, Mendocino, Placer, and Sierra, each four; Merced, San Benito, 
 San Mateo, Siskiyou, Solano, and Tuolumne, each three ; Lassen, Marin, Mari- 
 posa, Santa Cruz, and Tulare, each two ; Fresno, Humboldt, Kern, Plumas, San 
 Bernardino, San Diego, Shasta, and Yolo, each one. From other States, pupils 
 coming here to qualify themselves to teach in California, sixteen. 
 
 It would seem that this should effectually answer the charge that the school 
 is not a State school. 
 
 We have always declined to receive from San Jose" or Santa Clara County, 
 pupils as free pupils, unless we were satisfied that they were fitting themselves 
 for the work of teaching. The work aimed at has been to supply the schools 
 of tb e State with trained teachers, without reference to the locality whence they 
 came. No pupils properly qualified have ever been rejected from other coun- 
 ties to make places for pupils from Santa Clara County. 
 
 Teachers have been sent from the Normal School to every county in the State 
 but two, and it is more than probable that some have found their way even to 
 those counties. One thing is certain, the influence of the Normal School is felt, 
 and felt for good, in every county in California. 
 
 Having examined the catalogues of eastern schools, I am prepared to say that 
 the California State Normal School has had a larger percentage of pupils from 
 the State at large than any other school, save one (Michigan), in the United 
 States. 
 
 The second assertion was that the graduates of the school were not as well 
 qualified as many graduates of High Schools ; that they could not pass the 
 examination to enter the Junior Class of the University, etc. 
 
 The Normal School is not a High School ; nor is it a preparatory school for 
 the University. It has for its object the preparation of teachers for the district 
 schools of California. Its course of study and training are all formed with this 
 object only in view. The best graduates of the High Schools in San Francisco, 
 Oakland, Stockton, San Jose, and other cities of the State, find one year's hard 
 work to complete the reviews, studies, and training required in the Normal 
 School. One third of the time of this year is devoted to the study and practice 
 of teaching. A mere assertion that, after this year's work, they are not as well 
 prepared to teach as those who know a little more Latin or French, or some 
 other more advanced studies, can carry very little weight. 
 
 It has never been claimed that all the graduates of the Normal School will 
 become excellent teachers ; but the fact is, that the time given to the prepa- 
 ration for the work makes all much better teachers, and increases very largely 
 the probabilities of success. 
 
 All the graduates are, so far as seholarship is concerned, qualified for their 
 work. Our knowledge of this is based, not on a single examination under pecu- 
 liar and many times exceptional circumstances, but upon more than a score of 
 examinations, oral and written, continued through months and years. We 
 may possibly err in our judgment, but there is no temptation to lead to erro- 
 neous conclusions. 
 
 The foregoing are the only serious charges made against the school, and we 
 hope that those who heard and read the charges, will also read the answers. 
 
68 Historical Sketch. 
 
 The Burning of the Normal Building. Ruth Guppy, Class of May, 1880. 
 
 In the ebb and flow of daily life, the motley crowd of human beings move on 
 to their appointed destiny, so fashioned by Providence — "that to the future 
 blindness is kindly given." What could encourage the artisan, the tradesman, 
 in his ambitious plans, were he working ever in the shadow of a possible 
 destruction ? How could legislators frame laws, vote appropriations, anticipat- 
 ing that in a year or two their labor would be as naught ? How could the Normal 
 teachers and pupils of 1880 have moved onward in their chosen way, knowing 
 that in a few hours the fiery demon would, by one sudden stroke, annihilate 
 the work of so many months and years? For on the morning of February 
 tenth, of that memorable year, fire bells rang out the burning of the Normal 
 building. 
 
 Firemen appeared, only to realize their inability to combat successfully with 
 the great tongues of flame enveloping the tower and spreading over the roof. 
 The fire started in the second story, and swept in tempestuous haste through 
 the assembly hall, the corridor, and recitation rooms. Attempts were made to 
 force water from the first floor, but the intense heat rendered this futile. The 
 upper windows of the third story were then broken, and water poured in upon 
 the glowing mass which once was the museum. A great crash! and the roof 
 and third floor fell through, giving fresh impetus to the flames already at work 
 in the laboratory and chemistry rooms. Below, men rushed in, secured the 
 records, the most of the library books, and pieces of furniture, and conveyed 
 them to places of safetjr. 
 
 The firemen worked bravely with ladder and hose, but to no avail, for the 
 powerful element moved on, glorying in its strength, and laughing to scorn 
 the strenuous efforts made to arrest its course, 
 
 "For the elements still hate, 
 What mortal hands create." 
 
 Sorrowful it was, indeed, to enumerate the losses of those few hours. Miss 
 Norton's herbarium, upon which she had spent so many years of labor, and 
 Mrs. Bush's shell collection of twenty-seven hundred species, neither of which 
 can ever fully be replaced; books, maps, apparatus were, in the most part, all 
 burned. 
 
 The loss to the State and to the school was very great; but the sympathy of 
 friends and the hopefulness of Professor Allen expressed in the stirring words, 
 "Though the Normal building is dead, the Normal School still lives," cheered 
 many a despondent one. And with the same spirit the Trustees, in full view 
 of the falling walls, discussed plans for carrying on the 'school work. They 
 decided to accept the generous offer of the City Board of Education, and make 
 use of the High School building. Accordingly, at the usual hour, on Wednes- 
 day morning, the pupils assembled in this place of temporary refuge, thankful 
 there there was to be no interruption in class-room work, yet with anxious 
 inquiry depicted on every countenance. In the grand old anthem sung that 
 morning, and in the remaining exercises" there was a unison and a depth of 
 feeling that left its echo in every heart. 
 
 The day following the fire, being the birthday of Professor Allen, the Senior 
 Class, according to custom, were to give a reception in his honor. For days 
 beforehand, busy hands had gathered flowers, and woven wreaths, with which 
 to decorate the Normal library and parlors. Other extensive preparations were 
 in progress, not the least being a huge cake. But 
 
 " The best laid schemes o' mice an' men gang aft a-gley." 
 
State Normal School. 69 
 
 The question arose as to the disposal of this cake, which, gleaming white and 
 gigantic in proportion, stood a lone monument of defeated plans. The class 
 resolved to raffle it off, and give the proceeds to students who had suffered most 
 loss from the tire. The result was highly satisfactory. By the generosity of the 
 holder of the winning ticket the cake was donated to the class. And shortly 
 after, at a reunion held at the home of Professor Allen, each member had the 
 privilege of testing this triumph of culinary art. 
 
 Reminiscences by Martha M. Knapp. Class of May, 1880. 
 
 We began our work in the building which was consumed by fire in the Feb- 
 ruary preceding our graduation. The feelings aroused by the sight of the 
 conflagration will never be forgotten by those that witnessed the scene. When 
 we met the following morning it seemed as if we were indeed homeless ; but 
 the citizens of San Jose, ever loyal to the interests of the Normal School, gen- 
 erously tendered the use of the High School building, on Santa Clara Street, in 
 which to carry on the work. 
 
 The Training Department held its sessions in two small buildings hastily 
 fitted up in the school yard, and was presided over by Misses Titus snd Wilson, 
 assisted by Miss Scott. The suggestions and criticisms given by these teachers 
 have been invaluable to us in our work in the public schools. 
 
 B,oom D, where we recited to Professor More in mathematics, is held in pleas- 
 ant remembrance, though demonstrating the chances of error in finding the 
 first and second figures of the cube root of a number proved a pitfall to some 
 of us. The pleasure experienced by those who gathered around his table and 
 listened to his stories and good humored sarcasm, will long be remembered by 
 the participants. It was through his kindness that we were permitted to view 
 the heavens through the telescope, which had just been added to the school 
 apparatus. 
 
 We recall with pleasure Miss Webster's patience and skill in teaching us to 
 read with more expression than we had hitherto used. 
 
 Professor Childs assured us that every one could learn to draw, but when 
 the dreaded examination came, and barrels that were shapely were liberally 
 interspersed with those that were otherwise, it is probable that he was con- 
 vinced that all had not become proficient in that most useful branch. He was 
 good natured, however, gave us credit for our endeavors, and told us how to do 
 better, so that difficulty was safely tided over. 
 
 In physiology and school law we were ably instructed by Miss Norton, a lady 
 in the best sense of the word. 
 
 Word analysis, so full of interest, as we traced the derivation and change in 
 meaning of our common words, was taught by a man universally respected as 
 a kind friend and a true gentleman — Professor Braly. 
 
 Although we did not recite to Miss Washburn, we recognized in her a woman 
 of sterling worth and rare intellectual ability. 
 
 Our class was not much given to "outings," but enjoyed them with a keen 
 relish when we could combine profit and pleasure, as we did in the botanical 
 excursion led by our excellent Preceptress, Miss Wright. On that occasion we 
 spent the day at Alma, and returned laden with specimens that more than 
 compensated us for the weariness we felt. As a small sum of money was left 
 after defraying the expenses of that trip, it was decided to invest it in candy. 
 The young ladies agreed to furnish cake, coffee, strawberries, and pure cream , 
 with which to refresh the inner man. It was voted that we meet at the Nor- 
 mal on Saturday, invite the young men of the class, and surprise them with 
 " a spread." Professor More kindly consented to allow us to set the tables in 
 6 
 
yo Historical Sketch. 
 
 his room. Two of the gentlemen were obliged to be taken into the secret, as 
 their assistance was needed in moving tables. One of the girls, in a fit of 
 absentmindedness, mentioned the expected treat to a third young man, leav- 
 ing but one to be surprised. Happily, he was equal to the occasion, and every- 
 thing passed off pleasantly. Dancing was indulged in, and thoroughly enjoyed 
 by every one, although the skill shown by some was criticised by a small boy 
 who was present. 
 
 The Middle A Class of 1879 was the last one to whom elementary diplomas 
 were given ; and we were particularly elated because Professor More, who had 
 charge of us, stated that we had a higher class average than any of our pre- 
 decessors. This public acknowledgment of our standing was especially grati- 
 fying, as we felt that he never bestowed undeserved commendation. 
 
 The thought of the laboratory brings to mind many a lively scene. Strange 
 results brought about by combining chemicals were proclaimed by the inevita- 
 ble shriek, but no serious accidents occurred. One class-mate, desirous of per- 
 forming more experiments than she had time to attempt at school, took home 
 some chemicals. During dinner the family were startled by an explosion, and 
 discovered that a fire was the result. Part of the hall carpet and her brother's 
 new overcoat were sacrificed to her zeal. 
 
 To Miss Walker our class was largely indebted for help in methods, and 
 visions of frightened Seniors trying to show how they would teach a subject can 
 be called up by each of the sufferers in that trying ordeal. 
 
 Many of the Seniors were members of a literary society known as the Philo- 
 mathean. One meeting, held in the assembly hall of the High School build- 
 ing, is especially remembered. With charade and song, recitation and essay, 
 the evening was pleasantly passed — each successful participant rejoicing in his 
 merited applause — while all were happy in the delightful atmosphere created 
 by youth and good spirits. 
 
 We had arranged to honor Professor Allen's birthday by a supper, but the 
 fire that destroyed our beloved Normal prevented the carrying out of our plans. 
 Very pleasant events in our social life were two parties — our worthy Vice- Prin- 
 cipal, who evidently knew our weakness for ice cream, and served us generously 
 with a most excellent quality of that article, invited us to one; and Professor 
 Allen gave the other, which was also most heartily enjoyed by all present. 
 
 At last came the closing exercises of the year, held in the California Theater, 
 which was filled to overflowing with the friends of the school. The usual num- 
 ber of essays were read, our diplomas were presented by the State Superintend- 
 ent, P. M. Campbell, and our class of forty-five went forth to its chosen work. 
 
 According to established custom, our class planted its tree, and somewhat 
 ambitious were we in its selection, choosing the Sequoia gigantea, a genuine 
 Californian. 
 
 Although several years have passed, how vividly rises before us a picture of the 
 assembly hall with its rows of earnest faces. It is the beginning of another 
 day, and we have gathered for the simple exercises that precede its work. We 
 listen to beautiful words from the Holy Scripture, join in chant and anthem, 
 and feel the solemn hush of silent prayer. After this, obedient to the tap of 
 the bell, out by each door pass the long files to their appointed places and tasks. 
 
 Again we seem to hear the words of counsel so fitly spoken by our honored 
 Principal. Long shall we remember his kindness. May he live to a good old 
 age to enjoy the happiness which attends an earnest, useful life. 
 
 How dear to us is the remembrance of him who was an inspiration to every 
 pupil with whom he came in contact! Beloved Professor Norton! No one 
 will ever usurp his place in the hearts of those who knew him. 
 
State Normal School. Ji 
 
 Many of our classmates are still engaged in teaching; some have become 
 centers of happy homes, and are surrounded by the smiling faces of their own 
 children; while two of our number, Annie E. Osgood and Mary R. Finnie, have 
 learned the wonderful lesson of immortality, which in God's good time we, too, 
 shall understand. 
 
 SINCE THE FIRE. 
 
 So far in the preparation of this history, the plan has been to 
 present the historical facts and reminiscences of each year in a 
 separate chapter. As space will not permit the continuance of 
 this plan through the remaining years, the history of the period 
 since the fire is given topically, showing, as far as possible, the 
 growth and present status of the school in its various departments. 
 
 The New Building. 
 
 Work on the building was begun in May, 1880, and prosecuted 
 with such vigor that the school was able to occupy its new quar- 
 ters for the first time May 2, 1881. Though lacking the beauty 
 of the former structure, the new building has proved far more 
 useful, being well planned, healthful, and in every way better 
 adapted to the wants of a Normal School. 
 
 It is worthy of note, as an exceptional experience in the erec- 
 tion of public buildings, that the present Normal School building 
 was completed considerably within the appropriation, the total 
 cost being $148,936-95, enabling the Trustees to return $1,063 05 
 to the State Treasury. The Board of Trustees to whom this credit 
 is due, was composed as follows: George C. Perkins, Governor; 
 Fred. M. Campell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; 
 Hon. James Denman, San Francisco; T. Ellard Beans, San Jose; 
 Dr. Ben. Cory, San Jose; Hon. C. T. Ryland, San Jose; A. S. 
 Evans, San Jose. The officers of the Board were: George C. Per- 
 kins, President; C. T. Ryland, Vice-President; Charles H. Allen, 
 Secretary and Executive Agent; C. T. Ryland, T. Ellard Beans, 
 and A. S. Evans, Executive Committee. 
 
 The following accurate description of the building, published 
 about the time of its completion, is taken from the San Jose 
 "Mercury:" 
 
72 Historical Sketch. 
 
 The new edifice is of brick with stone sills and lintels. It covers an area of 
 between four thousand and five thousand superficial feet more than the former 
 building— the enlargement being in the wings. It has a frontage of two hun- 
 dred and thirty-six feet and five inches, facing the west, with a depth of one 
 hundred and seventy-five feet. It is situated on the site of its predecessor. 
 
 The basement contains play-rooms, janitors' rooms, store rooms, rooms for 
 the heating apparatus, engine room, containing the engine for pumping water 
 up to the tanks in the attic, chemistry-room, laboratory, and natural philosophy 
 rooms. The tanks referred to are two in number, having each a capacity of 
 between four thousand and five thousand gallons, one situated over each wing, 
 and directly under the roof. The first story, or main floor, contains eight class 
 rooms, two large training rooms, eight recitation rooms, two cabinet and appa- 
 ratus rooms, four teachers' rooms, library and reception rooms, preceptress' 
 room, office, three cloak and wash rooms, six flights of stairs to the second story 
 and basement, and twelve-foot corridors extending the whole length and breadth 
 of the building. There are three front entrances to this floor, with Ionic porti- 
 coes. The second story contains ten large class rooms, the assembly room, 
 sixty-five by ninety-six feet in area, and twenty-two feet from floor to ceiling ; 
 four cloak rooms, eight teachers' rooms, six flights of stairs connecting with the 
 stories above and below, and three balconies in front over the porticoes. The 
 assembly hall is lighted by twenty-two large windows, and besides the venti- 
 lation afforded by them, there is a large ventilator in the ceiling, and others in 
 the side walls. The third story occupies only the front portion, sixty-eight feet 
 square, of the front part of the center building. It contains a large museum 
 sixty-five by thirty-four feet, two stairways leading below, and one to the gar- 
 ret and tower. This story is surmounted by an ornate bell tower, twenty-five 
 feet square, rising to a height of one hundred and thirty-five feet above the 
 ground, being twenty feet higher than the dome of the Court House. On the 
 tower is a forty-foot flag-staff, making a distance of one hundred and seventy- 
 five feet from the top of the flag-staff to the ground. The building is supplied 
 with excellent water from an artesian well on the grounds. It is heated by hot 
 water (Harvey's system). The new edifice, although plainer in its exterior than 
 its predecessor, is well adapted to the purposes of the school, being modeled 
 after the most approved Normal School structures in the East, and it has been 
 pronounced by persons who have seen the best school buildings in the East, 
 to be inferior to none on the continent. The walls are firmly bound together to 
 provide against injury by earthquakes, by strong iron straps, built in the brick- 
 work, and extending entirely around the building in one continuous bar four 
 inches wide. The roof is heavy tin. The outside steps and platforms are of 
 granite with sandstone buttresses and trimmings. For thoroughness of work 
 and stability it is second to no building in the State. Its general style of archi- 
 tecture is Ionic. The tower contains a bell weighing three thousand pounds, 
 which cost $1,200. Time is kept by a system of electric clocks extending through 
 all the departments. 
 
 This building, so complete in its adaptation to the work for 
 which it is intended, is well furnished with all needed appliances, 
 and leading educators from the East express great surprise at 
 finding a Normal School building so well equipped for its work. 
 
 Notwithstanding all these conveniences, the school is rapidly 
 outgrowing its present accommodations. Already the need of 
 
State Normal School. 73 
 
 more room for the use of the Training Department and the library- 
 is urgently felt, and it is quite probable that at no very distant 
 day, the Legislature will be asked to provide for an additional 
 building. 
 
 Grounds. 
 
 When the first Normal School building was erected, the sur- 
 rounding twenty-six acres, then known as Washington Square, 
 was, as compared with its present condition, an unimproved and 
 dreary waste. Students who climbed to the tower in those days 
 will remember looking down on the network of irregular paths 
 that crossed the square in a multitude of devious ways, each 
 marked out to serve the inclination and convenience of daily foot- 
 travelers; and they will remember, too, the few straggling trees 
 and bushes and, except in the early spring time, the dry intervals 
 between. In place of all this, is now a beautiful park, with green 
 lawns, variegated flower beds, graceful shade trees, and broad 
 walks and driveways. 
 
 The first attempt to improve the grounds was made in 1878, 
 when a part of the Tuition Fund was spent in inclosing with a 
 neat fence a portion of the grounds directly surrounding the 
 building, and planting shrubbery and flowers. The shrubbery 
 was largely donated by the public spirited citizens of San Jose. 
 These were, however, all destroyed by the fire. In February, 
 1881, the Legislature made an appropriation of $25,000 for 
 improving and fencing the Normal School Square. The Board, 
 after advertising for plans, adopted the plan of R. Ulrich, since 
 well known as the landscape gardener at the Hotel del Monte. 
 Following this plan, the grounds were carefully laid out, the 
 walks and drives graveled, and lawns, flowers, and trees planted. 
 Two additional artesian wells were bored and tanks and pump 
 provided, furnishing an abundant water supply for both building 
 and grounds. All this being completed, enough of the appropri- 
 ation remained to erect a neat iron fence surrounding the square. 
 
 Since that time the greater part of the Tuition Fund, derived 
 entirely from the Training School, has been expended in support- 
 ing the grounds. New lawns have, from time to time, been laid 
 out, and additional trees and flowers planted ; so that now the 
 grounds are both a delightful place of recreation for the students 
 and an ornament to the City of San Jose. They also furnish an 
 excellent field of research for the botanical and entomological 
 classes. 
 
74 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Library. 
 
 In no way has the growth in the intellectual life of the school 
 been more clearly indicated than in the increased and increasing 
 use of the library. For several years a student librarian, whose 
 business it was to keep the library open during intermissions, 
 and a short time at the close of the afternoon session, was able to 
 supply all demands for books. With the occupation of the new 
 building came the employment of a special librarian, keeping the 
 library open all day. A marked change was soon visible, due to 
 several causes. The provision in the course of study for a study 
 hour at the school building, for each pupil, opened the door to the 
 increased use of reference books, and gave some added time for 
 general reading. Visiting committees from the State Legislature, 
 seeing both the usefulness of the library and the need of more 
 books, recommended special appropriations, which were cheerfully 
 made. This, in turn, reacted upon both teachers and students, 
 who, finding that more and better books were provided, were 
 induced to make better use of them. Besides these causes, the 
 topical method of study, growing in use and favor, by which the 
 student is given a subject to investigate rather than a portion of 
 some particular booh to master, has necessarily led to the demand 
 for and the use of many books in each subject; while the constant 
 presence of a librarian acquainted with the place and contents of 
 the books, has made their use more extensive. Many students, 
 especially in the higher classes, avail themselves of their study 
 hour for library study, and not unfrequently the library is crowded 
 beyond the point of convenience and comfort. The importance 
 to the student of this familiarity with books can scarcely be over- 
 estimated; and its results, as already shown in the increased love 
 for good literature, and the wider culture of the graduates sent 
 out, is highly satisfactory. The library now numbers about thirty- 
 five hundred volumes. By the continued liberal appropriations 
 made by the Legislature new books are added yearly, and the 
 need of more room is constantly evident. This need will, in the 
 near future, lead to the erection of an additional building. 
 
 Museum. 
 
 The burning of the contents of the old museum was a loss to 
 science, as well as to the State. Chief among its treasures were 
 the specimens in conchology, known as the Canfield collection. 
 
State Normal School. 75 
 
 These Dr. Canfield, of Monterey, had been years in collecting 
 from all parts of the world, and it is now next to impossible to 
 obtain many of the species represented in his collection. Of other 
 specialties, there was a large and fine collection of the birds of 
 California, and over three hundred unique specimens of ancient 
 stone implements from Santa Clara County, that cannot be 
 replaced. In the mineral collection was a series of large and 
 interesting specimens of lead, zinc, and fossils from Wisconsin, 
 with agates, alabaster, and many other things contributed by 
 Professor Allen; also, from Mr. 0. Sharpe, of Fresno County, a 
 beautiful series of Arizona minerals; and from Mr. Aplin, of Ne- 
 vada County, a miscellaneous collection of the finest specimens. 
 
 Though all these went with the destruction of the building, it 
 is a pleasure to remember the interest displayed in founding a 
 museum, and to note that this interest and liberality have out- 
 lived the fire. In the new museum, the names of the same donors 
 are seen, with many others added, telling of the widespread inter- 
 est in this important educational feature of the Normal School. 
 
 Though many treasures were lost that it is difficult, and in some 
 cases impossible, to replace, patience and perseverance, with the 
 kindly remembrance of friends, have furnished the new museum 
 with so many helps to study, that to-day it compares favorably 
 with older and more pretentious collections. 
 
 As the room is entered at the north door, the first case to the 
 left shows the few specimens that were reclaimed from the ashes, 
 forming a nucleus for the new museum. 
 
 The center of the room is occupied by cases containing speci- 
 mens in conchology, noticeable among which is a collection of 
 West Coast shells of over three thousand specimens, presented by 
 the well known conchologist, Mr. Henry Hemphill. Another from 
 Miss Jennie R. Bush, contains over fifteen hundred rare California 
 and foreign shells. An interesting feature is the Blaschka glass 
 models of such mollusks as cannot be preserved by ordinary 
 methods. 
 
 Other branches of natural history are well illustrated by the 
 twenty cases of minerals, thirty of entomology, two of radiates 
 and crustaceans, one case of silurian fossils, one of California ter- 
 tiary fossils, and two of native and foreign woods. The aim has 
 been to make the collection instructive and useful, rather than, 
 by making a display, to gratify idle curiosity. 
 
J 6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 There is not space to name individually all the many benefac- 
 tors, but the following friends in the East, specialists, deserve 
 honorable mention for their fine contributions when this school 
 had nothing: Professor Riley, United States Entomologist at 
 Washington; Dr. Farlow, cryptogamic botanist, Cambridge, Mass.; 
 George Davenport, botanist, Massachusetts; Frank Collins, a spe- 
 cialist in marine algae. 
 
 To the untiring efforts of Mrs. A. E. Bush, the Curator of the 
 Museum, is mainly due its rapid growth and its excellence. She 
 has spared no pains in establishing exchanges with prominent 
 museums and scientific specialists, in procuring donations, and in 
 collecting, many times devoting her entire vacations to this work. 
 In the satisfactory results she may well feel a personal pride. 
 
 Herbarium. 
 
 By the patient and continuous efforts of Miss Mary E. B. Nor- 
 ton, for many years teacher of botany, an herbarium has been 
 collected, which goes far toward replacing the valuable collection 
 lost at the fire. It numbers several thousand plants, including 
 valuable representative plants from every continent, prominent 
 among them being a set of North American and Pacific Coast 
 ferns. As in the case of the museum, the herbarium has been 
 collected through donations and exchanges. All the plants are 
 carefully classified, labeled, and arranged in special cases. 
 
 Apparatus. 
 
 Most of the valuable apparatus lost in the fire has been replaced, 
 and much added, so that the school is, in this respect, well 
 equipped, having all that is needed to illustrate the work taken in 
 mechanics, optics, electricity, and other departments of physics. 
 Besides these, there is a chemical laboratory, provided with all 
 appliances for experimental work by the students. In physics 
 and chemistry the pupils manufacture for themselves much of 
 the apparatus used, the purpose being the better to prepare them 
 for teaching elementary science. The school is well provided 
 with microscopes, which are used individually by students in the 
 study of botany, zoology, and physiology. 
 
State Normal School. yy 
 
 ADMISSION. 
 
 The grade of admission to the Normal classes has from time to 
 time been raised, but, of necessity, very slowly. It has seemed 
 best not to fix it above the point where pupils from country 
 Grammar Schools, who have done reasonably good work, can 
 pass examination for the Junior Class. In 1882 the Principal's 
 report says: "The grade of school is now as high as we can make 
 it and have it possible for the graduates of the High Schools of 
 the State to complete the course in one year. Many of those who 
 attempt it now fail. It may not be considered out of place for 
 the Board to require such pupils to take a year and a half for the 
 work." 
 
 In 1884, after the system of granting County Grammar School 
 diplomas became general throughout the State, the Board of 
 Trustees decided to accept these diplomas for admission to the 
 Junior Class, thus establishing a closer connection between the 
 Normal School and the Grammar Schools of the State. Gradu- 
 ates of High Schools also were, by this regulation, admitted to 
 the Junior Class without examination, but were examined if they 
 applied for admission to higher classes. This regulation has 
 continued in force to the present time. 
 
 In 1885 the Principal reported: 
 
 We have now had a full year in which to test the gains and losses to be real- 
 ized from the changes made in our Course of Study, and in the regulations for 
 admission. 
 
 We have admitted to the Junior Class thirty-eight on Grammar School 
 diplomas, and fifteen on High School diplomas. Thirteen graduates of High 
 Schools have been admitted to more advanced classes. The pupils admitted 
 on Grammar School diplomas have, as far as possible, been kept in separate 
 classes, to test our grade of admission on examination. The result has satis- 
 fied us that it is safe to receive Grammar School diplomas — not certificates — from 
 counties where the County Boards give the matter their attention. It also 
 appears that we cannot advance our grade for admission without putting the 
 Normal School out of the reach of the Grammar Schools of the State, as now 
 organized. 
 
 The fact that more than half of the graduates of High Schools who present 
 themselves can reach only the Junior Class in the Normal School, shows that 
 much time is wasted in pursuing the so called advanced studies, that might, 
 with greater profit, be devoted to elementary work. 
 
 In 1887 the test of admission for those entering on examination 
 was still further raised, as shown by the following extract from 
 the circular for 1887-88: 
 
78 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 It is the design to fix the grade of admission at a point where the graduates 
 of the County Grammar Schools, who have fairly earned their diplomas, can 
 enter and do the work of the course well in three years. These diplomas are, 
 from year to year, becoming evidence of better scholarship, and the grade of 
 admission to the Normal School has consequently been again advanced. For 
 the coming year, all examined for the Junior Class must show that they can 
 enter the Advanced Junior Class. This will give the opportunity for more 
 training work and reviews very desirable to have taken in a Normal School. 
 
 The Preparatory Class is discontinued, as we believe the Grammar Schools 
 should now be able to do all the preparatory work. 
 
 By a resolution of the Board, adopted May 15, 1883, pupils are 
 admitted only at the beginning of the terms of the schools. The 
 Faculty have, however, power to suspend this rule in cases which, 
 for good and sufficient reasons, they may consider exceptional. 
 None are, under any circumstances, admitted to the Senior Class 
 after the first examinations each term, as none are graduated who 
 have not been one year in attendance at the school. 
 
 The following table shows the number of new students admitted 
 each year for the past nine years: 
 
 
 Go 
 O 
 
 GO 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 to 
 
 1 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 GO 
 
 CO 
 1 
 GO 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 t 
 
 en 
 1 
 
 CO 
 OS 
 
 CO 
 Oi 
 
 CO 
 
 GO 
 GO 
 -^ 
 1 
 
 GO 
 
 I 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 1 
 
 GO 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted - 
 
 Number of these admitted to Junior 
 Class on Grammar School diplomas.. 
 
 193 
 
 197 
 
 250 
 
 204 
 
 173 
 
 38 
 
 15 
 
 43 
 
 6 
 
 177 
 
 44 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 3 
 
 239 
 
 64 
 11 
 
 42 
 
 8 
 
 166 
 
 31 
 
 9 
 
 39 
 
 8 
 
 172 
 41 
 
 Number admitted to Junior Class on 
 High School diplomas 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 Number of counties of California repre- 
 sented by new pupils . 
 
 
 40 
 6 
 
 46 
 6 
 
 39 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 Number of other States and Territories 
 represented by new pupils 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 ATTENDANCE. 
 
 As will be seen by reference to the table on page 102, the attend- 
 ance in the Normal Classes since 1881 has varied from about five 
 hundred to over six hundred. 
 
 These fluctuations, with some of their causes, are indicated by 
 the following extracts from reports of the Principal: 
 
 Feom Report of 1882. 
 
 It is a notable fact that the attendance is becoming larger in the Advanced 
 Classes, the Middle Classes this year having outnumbered the Junior Classes. 
 This is, in itself, a sign of progress, showing that the school holds its pupils. 
 The number admitted to the Middle and Senior Classes on examination, shows 
 also that the schools of the State are doing better work. 
 
State Normal School. 79 
 
 During the last half of the year we have carried on four Junior, four Middle, 
 one Sub-Senior Class, and a Senior Class so large that it has been necessary to 
 make two classes of it in most recitations. 
 
 From Report of 1885. 
 
 The falling off of attendance during the past two years, and especially during 
 the last year, comes from several causes: First — The grade of admission has 
 been raised nearly 20 per cent, and none admitted from places where Grammar 
 Schools provide for graduation, except upon the Grammar School diploma or 
 an equivalent course. This has worked out the beneficial result of having 
 pupils fit themselves better before applying for admission. Restricting admis- 
 sions to the first week of the term, save in exceptional cases, has also had its 
 effect. Second — The opening of the Branch School at Los Angeles has drawn 
 the pupils from the southern counties to that school. Third — Your honorable 
 body, on the nineteenth of December, 1883, adopted the following resolution: 
 "Resolved, That it is the opinion of the Board of Trustees that the teachers and 
 Principals of the Normal Schools should decline any invitation to attend 
 County Institutes, during the sessions of the schools, except by consent of the 
 Executive Committee or the local committee at Los Angeles." 
 
 Accepting this as an indication of the feeling of the Board that our work 
 should be devoted more entirely to the school, I have declined nearly every 
 invitation to attend County Institutes, and our school has been represented in 
 but very few. You, gentlemen, are of course fully aware that the school has 
 been built up and kept up by our making its work known, by coming in con- 
 tact with people having children to educate, and by stimulating young teachers 
 to try to fit themselves better for their work. 
 
 From Report of 1887. 
 
 During the present year we have reached the highest number ever enrolled 
 in the school, namely, six hundred and ninety-one in the Normal and Prepara- 
 tory Departments, and more than eight hundred in the entire school. We have 
 had a larger number of Normal pupils enrolled than any other State Normal 
 School in the United States. The Normal College of New York City, and the 
 Normal School for Girls in Philadelphia, alone outnumber us. 
 
 From Report of 1888. 
 
 The average enrollment for the year, in the Normal School proper, has been 
 four hundred and ninety. For the instruction of these we have had sixteen 
 regular and two special teachers, aggregating, say, seventeen teachers, or one 
 teacher to a little more than twenty-eight pupils. 
 
 It is noticeable that the advanced classes have been relatively larger this 
 year than last. This has been the constant tendency in the school for several 
 years, showing that it holds its pupils, and that a larger number of those who 
 enter remain until they graduate. 
 
 The failing off in the Junior Class of from two hundred and ninety to two 
 hundred and five is partly due to the fact that the Board avowed the policy of 
 graduating hereafter but one class each year; and instead of having, as is usual, 
 one hundred and twenty to one hundred and thirty to examine at the opening 
 of the winter term, but about eighty presented themselves. 
 
8o 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Feom Report of 1889. 
 
 During the year there have been representatives in the school from forty- 
 seven counties in the State. This representation, in a State where the distances 
 traveled are so great, is really surprising, and shows more clearly than any argu- 
 ment that this is a State School. True, the representation from Santa Clara 
 County is 34 per cent of the enrollment, but this is not surprising. This is a 
 large county, and the patronage of all such schools is drawn largely from a 
 radius of forty or fifty miles. Many residing in Santa Clara County come from 
 many miles away. 
 
 In addition to those enrolled from California, we have had from Colorado, 1; 
 Honolulu, 2; Idaho, 3; Illinois, 1; Michigan, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; 
 Nevada, 6; Nova Scotia, 1; Oregon, 1; Pennsylvania, 1; Utah Territory, 1; 
 Washington Territory, 3; Wisconsin, 3. These pupils are here, usually, expect- 
 ing to teach in California, and all sign the condition made on entering. 
 
 Out of the fifty-two counties of California, the following table 
 shows the number represented by pupils in attendance at the 
 school during each year since 1880: 
 
 1880-81. 
 
 1881-82. 
 
 1882-83. 
 
 1883-84. 
 
 1884-85. 
 
 1885-86. 
 
 1886-87. 
 
 1887-88. 
 
 1888-89. 
 
 45 
 
 47 
 
 49 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 43 
 
 47 
 
 COURSE OF STUDY. 
 
 The changes in course of study made from time to time have 
 been, not so much in the subjects taught as in the relative impor- 
 tance and proportionate length of time given to each subject, and 
 in the place in the course at which it occurs. Beginning, perhaps, 
 with the advent into the school of Professor Norton, more promi- 
 nence was given to work in Science. The contagion of his enthu- 
 siastic love for all scientific study, coming as it did at a time 
 when the study of the sciences was making rapid growth in 
 popularity in the common schools, gave a new interest to obser- 
 vation studies, which the work of the later professors in science 
 has fostered and increased. 
 
 It was next felt that to keep pace with the most advanced edu- 
 cational thought of this and other countries, more attention should 
 be devoted to industrial drawing; therefore more time in the 
 course was given to this subject, and a special teacher was 
 employed who, as subsequently reported by the Principal, " is an 
 enthusiast in his work," and " what was one of the weakest points 
 in the course has been made strong." Professional work also 
 demanded more attention, and added time in *the Senior Class 
 
State Normal School. 81 
 
 was devoted to the study of psychology and pedagogy, and more 
 time given to observation and practice in the Training Department. 
 
 To make room for this added work, political economy, Kame's 
 Criticism, and a part of the science work were dropped- from the 
 Senior year. These changes were incorporated in the Course of 
 Study, as revised in 1884. An important improvement made at 
 the same time was a re-arrangement of recitations, by which each 
 regular pupil was given a study hour at the school, instead of 
 spending the day in unbroken recitations, as previously. 
 
 The next important change was made in 1888, when, under the 
 new law, the Boards of Trustees of the several California State 
 Normal Schools, in joint session, adopted a uniform course of 
 study. The radical change then made was in the division of the 
 year into three terms instead of into two, and the forming of new 
 classes in each grade but once a year. This practically admitted 
 new pupils to the school at but one time in the year, and would 
 have resulted, when in full operation, in graduating but one class 
 yearly. A Post Graduate year was also, at this time, added to 
 the course. After this course had been in operation a year, the 
 Boards, at their annual joint meeting, in April, 1889, decided that 
 " The number of terms in the year, the time of opening and clos- 
 ing of terms, the arrangement of vacations, the time of gradua- 
 tion, and the order of succession of studies in the prescribed 
 course, shall be fixed for each school by its local Board of Trus- 
 tees;" and "that the studies to be pursued and the time to be 
 given to each shall be in accordance with the schedule adopted 
 by the joint Boards for all the California Normal Schools." 
 
 Accordingly, the local Board of the school at San Jose, upon the 
 recommendation of the Faculty, decided to return to the plan of 
 two terms a year, carrying on two sets of classes, and graduating 
 twice a year. 
 
 The new course of study in force at the beginning of the school 
 year 1889-90, in the Normal School at San Jose, is as follows: 
 
82 
 
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84 Historical Sketch. 
 
 TRAINING- DEPARTMENT. 
 
 From the time of the organization of the Training School in 
 San Jose, under Miss Titus, this department has been a strong and 
 important feature of the work of the Normal School. Its full 
 recognition as such is indicated in the name by which it has of 
 late years been designated : viz., Training Department rather than 
 Training School. 
 
 With the crowded course of study, it seemed, for many years, 
 impossible to give each member of the Senior Class time for more 
 than two or three weeks of practice teaching, and this was usually 
 attended by the entire loss during that time of recitations in other 
 subjects. But, notwithstanding the shortness of the time, the 
 results of this practice were of great value, and special emphasis 
 has always been laid upon success in teaching as a factor in deter- 
 mining graduation. 
 
 As the grade of admission was gradually raised, the course of 
 study more satisfactorily adjusted, and the size of the Senior 
 Classes reduced by graduations twice a year, the time for practice 
 was lengthened. By the course adopted in 1884, it was provided 
 that each member of the Senior Class should spend one recitation 
 each day for three fourths of the Senior Year in the Training 
 Department — the first ten weeks in observation, and the last five 
 months in teaching. This plan has been followed ever since. 
 
 During the half term spent in observation, the pupils write out, 
 as regular exercises, criticisms upon the work of pupil teach- 
 ers and analyses of model lessons given by the regular critic 
 teachers, besides receiving special lectures upon the work they 
 have observed. During the five months of actual practice work, 
 they are required to make special preparation for each recitation, 
 and are under the supervision of the regular critic teachers, who 
 review their work, giving both class lectures and individual crit- 
 icism. The constant presence of classmates and teachers as 
 observers, cultivates both confidence and independence. 
 
 From the one class with which it began, the Training Depart- 
 ment has grown until it includes four distinct subdivisions, viz.: 
 Primary, Intermediate, Grammar, and Advanced Grammar. The 
 last was organized after the abolition of the Preparatory Class in 
 1887. 
 
 In the Training Department, an effort is made to keep pace 
 with all the best methods of teaching, and to introduce, as far as 
 
State Normal School. 85 
 
 practicable, by way of experiment, such new subjects as modern 
 thought suggests the desirability of introducing into the public 
 schools. In harmony with this intention, some parts of the kin- 
 dergarten system are made use of in connection with primary 
 work, elementary science is taught by observation in the study of 
 specimens, and manual training is given through instruction in 
 industrial drawing, sewing, clay modeling, etc. Of this latter 
 work the Principal, in his last report, says: "To this work the 
 pupils come as to an amusement, and it is therefore a respite 
 from, rather than an addition to. their study tasks. It also tends 
 to the development of special talent — talent that in the near 
 future may become valuable to society." 
 
 Besides maps and apparatus, the Training Department has its 
 own library, consisting mainly of well-selected books for children, 
 in history, biography, travel, fiction, etc. 
 
 The popularity of this Department is well evidenced by the 
 fact that during the past year it has numbered over two hundred, 
 every seat being taken and many applicants rejected for want of 
 room. 
 
 PROFESSIONAL WORK. 
 
 In 1884, while the matter of changes in the course of study 
 was under discussion, the Principal, in his report, made the fol- 
 lowing statement regarding the professional work of the school: 
 
 It has been remarked in a meeting of this Board, that if anything justifies 
 the existence of Normal Schools, it is the work they do in giving professional 
 training. At the last meeting of the Board the question was raised whether, in 
 this school, we were sufficiently emphasizing this work. I desire, in this part 
 of my report, to show, not that we are doing too much, for that could hardly 
 be possible, but that it is receiving a large share of our care and attention, and 
 that in amount it far exceeds that given in most Normal Schools. 
 
 The professional training may be briefly summed up as follows: 
 
 1. From the time the pupil enters the lowest Junior Class until he graduates, 
 his attention is constantly kept fixed upon the fact that he is learning each 
 subject with a view of imparting it to others, and the method of presentation 
 is made a subject of continued observation. As with few exceptions all the 
 faculty are graduates of Normal Schools, and even in the exceptional cases, 
 they are teachers of wide and varied experience, the pupil is, from the begin- 
 ning, being trained to teach. This continued for three years is, in itself, an 
 amount of training which must be of great value. The philosophy of the work 
 he has not yet culture enough to appreciate, or even understand. 
 
 2. During his course, as he advances to riper scholarship, and a greater 
 capacity for grasping the subject, he receives about one hundred and twenty 
 lectures, beginning with an outline of mental philosophy, upon " methods of 
 
 7 
 
86 Historical Sketch. 
 
 teaching, grading, and disciplining a school." These lectures cover not only 
 the philosophy of education, but practical and detailed instruction in the 
 minutiss of teaching. Of these lectures he is required to take copious notes 
 and to rewrite them for future reference. He also takes, during the Senior 
 year, the same number of review lessons upon the subjects taught in the 
 Grammar Schools, and these are a practical presentation of methods of teach- 
 ing. These reviews are given, mainly, without text-books, the pupil taking 
 notes, thus carrying away a voluminous note book of original work, designed 
 to be fitted for his own classes, when he becomes a teacher. 
 
 3. He is required to practice in the Training Department until he convinces 
 the critic teachers that he has at least a fair ability in teaching. During this 
 teaching he attends four days a week, a critique upon his own work and the 
 work of his fellow teachers, conducted by the critic teachers, and these sessions, 
 being from one and a half to two hours each, constitute a continued and search- 
 ing review of his theoretical ideas, as derived from lectures. He also spends 
 some time in observation, during which he is expected to take part in the criti- 
 cism, thus enabling him to judge of his own work and that of others. This is 
 the regular work in ihe school, and while I should be exceedingly glad if more 
 time could be given to practice teaching, I feel that if we can increase the time 
 for observation, it will be all, as the school is now organized, that we can do. 
 
 The last three classes have each subscribed for and read, with more or less 
 care, a leading educational journal; and all are urged to continue this, and to 
 purchase and study after they leave school, standard educational works. 
 
 If it be asked why, after so much professional work, the teachers sent out are 
 not all entirely successful, the answer must be found in the fact that this is a 
 result parallel to that reached by all other professional schools. Of the gradu- 
 ates from law, medical, or theological schools, some fail, many achieve medio- 
 crity, and a few take high rank in their profession. It is not strange, then, 
 that of those preparing for the profession of teaching, a profession requiring 
 more varied acquirements, and greater versatility of thought, some fail in tak- 
 ing that rank which we would desire for them. As a general proposition, our 
 teachers are successful. They are constantly in demand, and of marked fail- 
 ures we very rarely hear. If but few reach the higher ranks of the profession, 
 it may be explained by the fact that the opportunities for such advancement 
 are few, and that the great body of graduates have not yet been long in the field. 
 
 In his report for 1886, he adds: 
 
 The two classes during the year — one numbering forty-five, in December, and 
 one numbering fifty-three, in May — go out as the first complete result of the 
 changes made in our course of study. 
 
 The additional work done in the Training Department has made them, in one 
 sense, experienced teachers. Five months' observation, for which the pupil is 
 held strictly responsible, and five months' actual practice, under judicious and 
 searching criticism, are worth more to the embryo teacher, in the way of expe- 
 rience, than years of practice without supervision. 
 
 As we have recommended none for graduation who have not successfully 
 passed this ordeal, we feel confident that these graduates will make excellent 
 teachers. 
 
State Normal School. 87 
 
 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING-. 
 
 Industrial training in the Normal Department has, as yet, too 
 much the character of an experiment to admit of definite conclu- 
 sions as to its usefulness. In 1887, a work-room was fitted up 
 and provided with tools for the use of pupils. For the first year, 
 the instruction given was entirely by the regular teachers, at such 
 times as could be made convenient for both pupils and teachers. 
 This not proving satisfactory, a skilled mechanic was employed 
 during a part of the past year, to give the necessary instruction. 
 The work has been entirely optional on the part of the students, 
 and the results are quite satisfactory. An exhibit of students' 
 work, made at the close of the term, showed fancy tables, easels, 
 footstools, boxes, and various other articles, of creditable work- 
 manship. The experiment gives a promise which seems to justify 
 its continuance. 
 
 G-RADUATIONS. 
 
 From 1867 to 1883 but one graduating class was sent out yearly. 
 The increasing size of the Senior Class and the demands of the 
 State seeming to call for more frequent graduations, the Principal, 
 in 1882, made the following recommendation: 
 
 The matter has been laid before the Faculty, and has been fully discussed, 
 and we unanimously recommend that hereafter two classes be graduated each 
 year — one at the middle of the year, and one at the close. Two very important 
 gains will result from this. First, it will relieve the pressure upon the Senior 
 Glass ; and second, pupils who fail to reach the required grade in that class at 
 the close of a term, can be graduated regularly with an additional five months' 
 work, whereas it is now necessary for them to wait a whole year before they 
 can be regularly graduated. This change involves somewhat more labor on 
 the part of the Faculty, but we believe the gain will more than compensate 
 for it. 
 
 This recommendation was adopted, and in December, 1883, the 
 first " Christmas Class," under the new plan, was graduated. This 
 plan, having been found well adapted to the needs of the school, 
 has been continued to the present time. 
 
 It was at first thought that the classes graduated in December 
 would have more difficulty in securing positions to teach than 
 those graduated in the spring. But reports show that, on the 
 contrary, from a half to nearly the whole of each December class 
 have taught before the close of the school year in which they 
 graduated. 
 
Historical Sketch. 
 
 In 1884, the Board of Trustees, on recommendation of the 
 Faculty, directed that the honors of salutatorian and valedicto- 
 rian should no longer be awarded in the school; and in May, 1885, 
 they still further did away with distinction in rank among gradu- 
 ates, by ruling that no figures indicating a grade in scholarship 
 should appear upon diplomas conferred after that date. 
 
 As a marked deviation from the general custom of the school, 
 the class of December, 1888, in accordance with their own request, 
 received their diplomas without public graduating exercises. The 
 result was so pleasing, that it is probable this plan will become 
 customary with classes graduated at the middle of the year. 
 
 WORK OF GRADUATES. 
 
 It is not necessary to dwell at length upon the work of grad- 
 uates and upon the fact that so large a proportion follow the pro- 
 fession for which the school has prepared them. The "Graduates' 
 Record " and accompanying statistics speak for themselves. It 
 may not, however, be out of place to quote some extracts on this 
 subject from the annual reports of the Principal. 
 
 Fkom Report of 1884. 
 
 The report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction and records in 
 this office show that about sixty per cent of all the graduates of the school 
 since its beginning in 1862, taught in this State last year. It is greatly to be 
 doubted whether any other school in the country can show so good a record. 
 From the class of 1882, numbering seventy-five, seventy-one had taught in the 
 public schools of the State within one year of graduation. From the class of 
 May, 1883, numbering eighty -five, seventy-eight have taught; and many of the 
 class of December, 1883, have already obtained positions. 
 
 In 1885, after giving statistics showing that out of the five 
 classes immediately preceding, numbering in all two hundred and 
 fifty-five, two hundred and thirty-nine had already taught, he 
 
 says: 
 
 Of these five classes, nearly ninety-four per cent have taught, to our certain 
 knowledge. Of the sixteen not reported as having taught, two have died, two 
 have been prevented from teaching by death in the family, three have married 
 without teaching, three have engaged in other business or are at home, and 
 five have not been heard from. Some of the latter are doubtless teaching. Of 
 the fifty-one graduated in December, 1884, more than one half are already 
 teaching. We are often asked, " Do your graduates teach ? " The above show- 
 ing gives a most emphatic answer, and speaks volumes for the spirit and use- 
 fulness of the school. It sufficiently proves that graduates from the school are 
 in demand. This demand must come because they do satisfactory work. A 
 
State Normal School. 89 
 
 few of the counties, mostly for local reasons, do not recognize our diplomas as 
 evidence of fitness to teach. Even in these counties, it is not claimed that the 
 graduates are not good teachers. So far as I know, there are now but four 
 counties not granting certificates upon Normal School diplomas. As, however, 
 this is a matter that can be changed at any meeting of a County Board, we 
 cannot know definitely what the usage is. It perhaps should be said, that, 
 while the action of the Boards, in these four counties, in nowise injures the 
 Normal Schools, it can but be an injury to the counties. Each county pays its 
 proportionate amount toward the support of the Normal Schools; but, by 
 refusing to recognize their diplomas, it is, in effect, cut off from any benefit to 
 be derived from their work. For pupils will not be apt to go to a Normal School 
 from a county where its diploma is not recognized; nor will graduates willingly 
 seek employment under a County Board that does not consider the signatures 
 of the Governor of the State, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and 
 the Trustees and Faculty of a Normal School, a guarantee of qualification 
 quite as good as the signature of the County Board. 
 
 From Report of 1886. 
 
 The question constantly arises, " Where are your graduates to find places ? 
 The State is already overcrowded with teachers." This question implies, if it 
 does not assert, that the Normal Schools are sending out too many teachers. 
 
 For the surplus of teachers, if such a surplus exists, the Normal Schools are 
 not responsible. The largest classes graduated do not furnish two teachers per 
 year to a county, and this would hardly make good the death rate, to say 
 nothing of marriages and other accidents. There are two other sources which 
 furnish a large number of teachers. 
 
 There is a constant influx of teachers from the East, drawn here by our 
 charming climate, or more often by the higher salaries paid here. But the 
 most prolific source is the semi-annual county examination. With from four 
 to twenty teachers licensed at each examination, it is not strange that the 
 ranks are overcrowded. 
 
 These candidates are usually prepared for the examination in Grammar or 
 High Schools, and sometimes in so called Normal Classes. Their preparation 
 is likely to be for an examination rather than for teaching; but being at or near 
 their homes, they secure positions, and often fill them to the satisfaction of the 
 patrons. 
 
 Although this state of things may seem to work a temporary evil (by trust- 
 ing the education of children to untrained teachers), it is an evil that will, in 
 the end, remedy itself, by working out the problem of the " survival of the fit- 
 test." People are already beginning to find the difference between trained and 
 untrained teachers; and as this difference becomes more apparent, trained 
 teachers will be more and more in demand. 
 
 As I have previously reported to you, our graduates find situations very soon 
 after graduation; and what is still more gratifying, in many cases they make 
 themselves so useful that they continue in the same school from year to year. 
 
 OTHER NORMAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 In March, 1881, an Act was passed by the Legislature estab- 
 lishing a " Branch State Normal School" in Los Angeles County, 
 the site to be selected and the building erected by the Board of 
 
90 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Trustees of the school at San Jose. It was further provided that 
 the Branch School should be governed by the same laws and be 
 under the control of the same Trustees, as the San Jose School. 
 The site selected was the property known as Beaudry Terrace, in 
 the City of Los Angeles. 
 
 The school was first opened August 29, 1882. For the first year 
 the Principal of the San Jose School was the nominal Principal, 
 and the school was conducted by the Vice-Principal, C. J. Flatt. 
 In May, 1883, Prof. Ira More, of the San Jose Normal School, was 
 elected Principal of the Los Angeles school, which position he 
 still holds. 
 
 In March, 1887, the Legislature created a second Branch 
 Normal School for Northern California, to be located and built in 
 the same way as the first. 
 
 The same Legislature passed an Act creating a separate Board 
 of Trustees for each Normal School, and otherwise amending the 
 law. 
 
 The Normal School for Northern California is located at Chico, 
 Butte County. Its first session will be opened in September, 1889, 
 under the principalship of Professor Pierce. 
 
 LAWS RELATING- TO THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 As amended, to take effect July 1, 1887. 
 
 354. The Normal Schools at San Jose" and at Los Angeles, and any Normal 
 School established after the first day of January, eighteen hundred and eighty- 
 seven, by the State, shall be known as State Normal Schools, and shall each 
 have a Board of Trustees, constituted as follows : The Governor and State 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be members of each Board, and 
 there shall be five members, whose term of office shall be five years, who shall 
 be appointed by the Governor ; provided, that the Trustees of the State Normal 
 School in office June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and eighty-seven, shall hold 
 office until the end of the terms for which they were appointed ; provided, that 
 no appointment made after the approval of this Act shall be for a term of 
 more than five years, and the Trustees in office when this Act takes effect shall 
 become members of the Board of Trustees of the Normal School located nearest 
 to their residences, and the members of any Board of Trustees, when first 
 appointed and organized, shall classify themselves so that the term of one 
 Trustee shall expire annually. 
 
 1487. The State Normal Schools have for their objects the education of 
 teachers for the public schools of this State. 
 
 1488. The State Normal Schools shall be under the management and control 
 of Boards of Trustees, constituted as provided in section three hundred and 
 fifty-four of the Political Code of the State of California. 
 
 1489. The powers and duties of each Board of Trustees are as follows: 
 
State Normal School. 91 
 
 First — To elect a Secretary, who shall receive such salary, not to exceed one 
 hundred and fifty dollars per annum, as may be allowed by the Board. 
 
 Second — To prescribe rules for their own government, and for the government 
 of the school. 
 
 Third — To prescribe rules for the reports of officers and teachers of the 
 school, and for visiting other schools and institutes. 
 
 Fourth — To provide for the purchase of school apparatus, furniture, station- 
 ery, and text-books for the use of the pupils. 
 
 Fifth — To establish and maintain training or model schools, and require the 
 pupils of the Normal School to teach and instruct classes therein. 
 
 Sixth — To elect a Principal and other necessary teachers, fix their salaries, 
 and prescribe their duties. 
 
 Seventh — To issue diplomas of graduation upon the recommendation of the 
 Faculty of the school. 
 
 Eighth — To control and expend all moneys appropriated for the support and 
 maintenance of the school, and all money received from tuition or from dona- 
 tions. In no event shall any moneys appropriated for the support of the 
 school, or received from tuition or donations, be paid or used for compensa- 
 tion or traveling expenses of the Trustees of the school, except when attend- 
 ing the joint meetings provided for by section one thousand four hundred and 
 ninety-two of the Political Code of the State of California, and each Trustee 
 attending such meetings shall receive the same mileage as is allowed bylaw to 
 members of the Legislature, for not more than two meetings in each school 
 year. 
 
 Ninth — To cause a record of all their proceedings to be kept, which shall be 
 open to public inspection at the school. 
 
 Tenth— To keep, open to public inspection, an account of receipts and expend- 
 itures. 
 
 Eleventh — To annually report to the Governor a statement of all their trans- 
 actions, and of all matters pertaining to the school. 
 
 Twelfth — To transmit with such report a copy of the principal teacher's 
 annual report. 
 
 Thirteenth — To revoke any diploma by them granted, on receiving satisfactory 
 evidence that the holder thereof is addicted to drunkenness, is guilty of gross 
 immorality, or is reputedly dishonest in his dealings ; provided, that such per- 
 son shall have at least thirty days' previous notice of such contemplated action, 
 and shall, if he asks it, be heard in his own defense. 
 
 1490. Each Board of Trustees must hold two regular meetings in each year, 
 and may hold special meetings at the call of the Secretary, when directed by 
 the Chairman. 
 
 1491. The time and place of regular meetings must be fixed by the by-laws 
 of the Board. The Secretary must give written notice of the time and place of 
 special meetings to each member of the Board. 
 
 1492. Joint meetings of the Boards of Trustees of the State Normal Schools 
 shall be held at least once in each school year, alternately, at the different State 
 Normal Schools. The first meeting shall be held at San Jos6, and thereafter at 
 the other Normal Schools in the order of their organization. At such meetings 
 the Trustees shall have the power, and it shall be their duty: 
 
 First — To prescribe a uniform series of text-books for use in the State Normal 
 Schools. The State series of text-books shall be used, when published, in the 
 grades and classes for which they are adapted. 
 
 Second — To prescribe a uniform course of study, and time, and standard for 
 graduation from the State Normal Schools. 
 
92 Historical Sketch. 
 
 1494. Every person admitted as a pupil to the Normal School course must be : 
 First — Of good moral character. 
 
 Second — Of sixteen years of age. 
 
 Third — Of that class of persons who, if of proper age, would be admitted in 
 the public schools of this State without restriction. 
 
 1495. Teachers holding State certificates of the first or second grades may 
 be admitted from the State at large. 
 
 1496. Persons resident of another State may be admitted upon letters of 
 recommendation from the Governor, or Superintendent of Schools thereof. 
 
 1497. Every person making application for admission as a pupil to the Nor- 
 mal School must, at the time of making such application, file with the Principal 
 of the school a declaration that he enters the school to fit himself for teaching, 
 and that it is his intention to engage in teaching in the public schools of this 
 State, or in the State or Territory where the applicant resides. 
 
 1501. The Principal of each State Normal School must make a detailed 
 annual report to the Board of Trustees, with a catalogue of the pupils, and 
 such other particulars as the Board may require or he may think useful. 
 
 1502. He must also attend County Institutes, and lecture before them on 
 subjects relating to public schools and the profession of teaching. 
 
 1503. The Board of Trustees of each State Normal School, upon the recom- 
 mendation of the Faculty, may issue to those pupils who worthily complete 
 the full course of study and training prescribed, a diploma of graduation. To 
 each pupil receiving this diploma, and thereafter teaching successfully in the 
 public schools of this State for three years, and to each pupil who worthily 
 completes the Post Graduate course, the State Board of Education shall grant 
 an educational diploma. 
 
 1504. The Boards of Trustees, or such Trustees as attend the joint meet- 
 ings, shall have power to appoint a Secretary, who shall receive such compen- 
 sation, not to exceed twenty dollars for each joint meeting, as the Trustees 
 present at the meeting may order paid. The Secretary shall keep a full record 
 of all the proceedings of the joint meetings of the Trustees, and shall notify 
 the Secretary of each Board of Trustees of any changes made in the course of 
 study or the text-books to be adopted in the State Normal Schools. 
 
 1505. The Superintendent of Public Instruction must visit the school from 
 time to time, inquire into its condition and management, enforce the rules and 
 regulations made by the Board, require such reports as he deems proper from 
 the teachers of the school, and exercise a general supervision over the same. 
 
 1507. Each order upon the Controller of State by the Board of Trustees of a 
 State Normal School must be signed by the President of the Board, and coun- 
 tersigned by the Secretary. Upon presentation of the order aforesaid, signed 
 and countersigned as aforesaid, the Controller of State must draw his warrant 
 upon the State Treasurer in favor of the Board of Trustees for any moneys, or 
 any part thereof, appropriated and set apart for the support of the Normal 
 School, and the Treasurer must pay such warrants on presentation. 
 
State Normal School. 93 
 
 REMINISCENCES SINCE 1880. 
 
 Two Episodes in the History of the Class of May, 1882, by One of its 
 
 Members. 
 
 The Hand of Death. 
 
 Marching in the ranks of the Senior Class of 1882 might be seen a diminu- 
 tive personage, scarcely more than three feet in height, whose intelligent face 
 and silvery voice were a pleasing contrast to her dwarfed and somewhat 
 deformed body. 
 
 Daily the little feet climbed the stairway, and daily the mind of Bessie War- 
 then performed with honor the arduous tasks of the first half of the Senior 
 j r ear 7 s work. But the second half opened unfavorably to many, there being 
 much sickness in the city. Measles broke out with violence, and those who 
 had not had this disease lived in daily fear of the contagion. Several Normal 
 pupils became affected, with no serious results ; but when her class was told 
 that little Bessie had fallen victim to the dread disease, many feared for her 
 safe recovery. The little form was sorely missed from class-room and hall, and 
 when the news came at last that her heart had stopped its beating because the 
 inflamed lungs gave it no room, grief was universal and a pall seemed hanging 
 over all. 
 
 On Saturday, February 26, 1882, her class gathered at her former boarding 
 place, and after listening to words of hope and comfort from her beloved 
 teacher, Professor Norton, they accompanied her remains in mournful proces- 
 sion to the depot, from which her body was sent to her home at Gilroy. 
 
 No fears were entertained for the others who were ill, but just eight days 
 after Bessie's death came the news that Flora McFarland, apparently the 
 strongest and healthiest of the whole class, had succumbed to the same disease. 
 What a shock that was. No one knew who next would go, and two other mem- 
 bers of the school followed shortly after. 
 
 Her remains were interred at San Jos6, as her parents lived too far away for 
 them to be sent home. Funeral services were held in the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church, and though a large concourse of people was present at the church and 
 grave, only two or three of her relatives were able to be among those who 
 accompanied our loved classmate to her grave. 
 
 The desks of the departed ones were draped in mourning for thirty days, and 
 floral offerings were daily seen among the crape. 
 
 The Monterey Excursion. 
 
 The class of 1882 was nearing its graduation. It had been an exceptionally 
 studious and well behaved class, and several of the Faculty had been overheard 
 to say : " Yes ; the class of '82 is a representative class ; we are proud of our 
 present Seniors." 
 
 Of course the pupils were somewhat elated at this, and held their heads high 
 in consequence. But one day, three or four weeks before their school record 
 was finished, a cloud passed over their fair fame, dimming its former luster. 
 
 It came about in this wise. The indefatigable railroad company, whose iron 
 bands span the distance between San Jose' and Monterey, was always " getting 
 up'' excursions. Plenty of Sunday excursions had passed away without 
 tempting the exploring tendencies of the '82 Seniors, but here was one 
 announced for Monday : " To Monterey and return— reduced rates !" 
 
94 Historical Sketch. 
 
 This was too much. Three or four Seniors read the announcement on Satur- 
 day and concluded to go. On Monday morning one of their number was dis- 
 patched to the Normal to spread the contagion, but as they feared a negative 
 answer, no permission of the Faculty was asked. * * * The large assembly 
 hall was gradually being filled. The Faculty, all unaware of the new " depart- 
 ure," filed in and took seats on the platform. Our dignified Vice-Principal, 
 Professor Braly, came in and took his seat at the enrolling desk. At last the 
 hands on the clock above the platform pointed at a quarter to nine, and tap 
 went the bell, producing an almost awe-inspiring silence. The monitors of the 
 Middle and Junior Classes arose promptly on their feet, and began the count of 
 their classes, but a failure on the part of the Senior monitor to arise caused 
 the enrolling officer to notice a total vacancy in the front seats of the Senior 
 Class. Monitors ■pro tern, were quickly appointed, but never will that class 
 forget the surprised yet severe and inquiring look which the professor cast 
 around at the Faculty. 
 
 Many of the pupils had become aware of existing circumstances, and were 
 breathlessly wondering how the teachers would regard them. The temporary 
 monitors finished the count of their classes, and in most dignified tones were 
 asked by the Professor to report. The mobile features of Miss Urmy, who had 
 been appointed monitor of Senior A, were gleaming with suppressed mirth as 
 she answered: "Present, thirty; absent, all the boys; total, forty." A general 
 laugh greeted this, and even Professor Braly smiled as he saw where the blame 
 was laid. 
 
 Senior B had one boy present, so it could not make a like report. But through- 
 out all the classes were reports of Mr. A., Mr. B., or Mr. C.'s being absent, while 
 scarcely a girl had gone. 
 
 The boys had their good time on Monday, but as they assembled on Tuesday 
 morning their heads were not quite so erect; and when the mild but grave 
 words of Professor Allen showed them the effect of their conduct upon the 
 character of the class and the school, there was not one present but would have 
 recalled the trip could he have done so. 
 
 Class of May, 1883, by Anna C. Murphy. 
 
 It is doubtful whether I can adequately represent the class of '83, as I was 
 enrolled among its numbers during only the Senior year. 
 
 I had been a country school ma'am, a product of the civilization of the 
 mountains and the mines. I was a perfect stranger — a unit of the one hun- 
 dred and twelve, but it was not very long before we all coalesced into clubs and 
 coteries, and began to bind the ties of friendship that will stretch across the 
 years. 
 
 We were divided into two sections, having Miss Wright and Professor Norton, 
 respectively, for class teachers. The latter had charge of our division, and 
 taught also the. rhetoric and literature — the most flexible media through which 
 one mind can act upon another : "noblest thought seeking fairest word." How 
 gratefully we all look back to that instruction freighted wilh wisdom and seren- 
 ity far beyond the book's deepest plummet. Such gracious sympathy was ours, 
 such exact help for one's sore or weak spot. Already the dawn of the morning 
 so near was irradiating his uplifted brow, giving him more perfect insight into 
 nature and the hearts of her groping, stumbling children. 
 
 The year of '82-'83 was Professor Kleeberger's first one with us. Chemistry 
 was his department. Many of us did not understand him at first. He seemed 
 stern, implacable; so large, and so unchangeable, that trying to influence him 
 
State Normal School. 95 
 
 was considered about as feasible as trying to pry Jupiter out of his course, or 
 shove Neptune on a little faster. But we grew to find the sweetness under the 
 strength. We found the vein of humor, too, and, in spite of a persistent love 
 of punning — a habit of throwing words together with violence to phonetics and 
 philology — we learned to care very much for him. 
 
 Professor Childs labored with us in penmanship and bookkeeping. He had 
 taken the Middle Class through history. Many of his classical jokes are down 
 in our note books, and doing duty in appropriate spots to-day. 
 
 Professor More was of mathematics the awful autocrat. He had no patience 
 with originality in geometry, insisted on the barren recital of facts, demanded 
 effete demonstrations and thread-bare conclusions. How the girls did like to 
 flock around his table at intermission. Fancy was free then, and laughter loud. 
 That year was his last, in San Jose\ He had a call to the Normal School at 
 Los Angeles, and generations of girls go on calling him blessed there. 
 
 Professor Allen we saw little of, till in the Senior Class. Many who had called 
 him gruff and unsympathetic, recalled the verdict then, as in the method work 
 he reviewed the secret springs of human action, and showed us how close to the 
 great heart of things he was. 
 
 The Philomathean Society was in its zenith that year, but a civil war shook 
 it at the last. A dozen irate girls withdrew at one meeting. The young men 
 carried it on for awhile without much of the active feminine element. Then 
 the Faculty took away the charter, and amid muttered words and dark looks 
 at the tyrants in power, the evening Philomathean sank into a much-wept 
 grave. 
 
 We thought our Commencement a glorious occasion, and our valedictorian, 
 Ida Jones, the fairest that ere the sun shone on. The after years made her 
 only fairer, in face and spirit, although they robbed her of health and strength. 
 Little Kittie Chandler, always the pet of our class, is another to whom time 
 has brought grace and peace and sweetness. 
 
 Space forbids individual mention of many others who are dear to all of us. 
 Many I have lost sight of in the rush of growing old. We had one reunion in 
 1885. Only a few were represented though. In June, 1888, in the parlor of the 
 Palace Hotel, we held an impromptu conclave, within the great conclave of the 
 National Convention. Never again till the roll-call on judgment day shall we 
 all assemble as on May 30, 1883. 
 
 Five of our number are already waiting quietly on the other side. Early in 
 life and in teaching they laid down book and pencil. One by one we shall join 
 them, for an immortality of advancement, to be graded as our work and disci- 
 pline here have fitted us, for already eternity's work is begun. Infinity can 
 only multiply it. 
 
 Class of December, 1883, by Lizzie B. Ceew (Mrs. Canfield). 
 
 Of all the classes that have graduated from the Normal School ours claims 
 peculiar distinction. It was the first Christmas gift from our dear Alma Mater 
 to this glorious State, and the last class in which honors were granted. Two 
 points, truly, that should make us extraordinarily proficient. 
 
 One of the Faculty, Professor Braly, who was our class teacher during two 
 years of our course, left the Normal with us to make his home in Fresno. 
 
 While we were Seniors, Professor More went to take charge of a Normal 
 School among the orange groves of Los Angeles, and Professor Kleeberger 
 came to fill his place. 
 
 On Commencement day, as is usually the custom, one of the Faculty is 
 appointed to address the graduating class, and we feel much gratified at hav- 
 
g6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 ing had Professor Norton, that dearly loved teacher, appointed to perform this 
 duty. "We were the last class that he thus addressed. The class motto, 
 " Onward, the palm awaits you," was taken as his subject. His thrilling words 
 concerning the palms in the world beyond, awaiting those who righteously do 
 their duty here, will ever ring in our minds and hearts and be incentives to 
 noble work. 
 
 The two years spent in the beautiful City of San Jose and in the Normal 
 School, although at times our tasks were difficult, constitute an epoch in our 
 lives full of satisfaction and pleasure. 
 
 The opening exercises of the school were particularly interesting. At twenty 
 minutes before nine all of the school and Faculty assembled in the Normal 
 Hall, where reports were given by the monitors of each class. To get up for the 
 first time before the four hundred present was a trying position for a new 
 monitor, as the writer can testify. An anthem was then sung by the school and 
 a passage of Scripture read by our honored Principal, Professor Allen. The 
 chanting of the Lord's Prayer, which followed, was one of the most impressive 
 things to which I have ever listened. It hardly failed to bring tears to the 
 eyes of one hearing it for the first time, or of one feeling a little homesick. 
 
 From nine to twelve and one to two-thirty o'clock was devoted to recitations, 
 the classes passing from one room to another, each teacher having his own room. 
 
 Ten-thirty p. m. was the prescribed hour for retiring, so from three o'clock to 
 that time the studying for the next day must be done. If on our reports the 
 retiring hour was often later than half-past ten, our preceptress, Miss Wright, 
 would call us into her office and give us one of her characteristic " quiet talks." 
 
 "While we were Seniors, lectures often varied the monotony of every day 
 work, and we were particularly blessed by having the talented lecturer, Major 
 Dane, with us frequently during that time. 
 
 The well filled library presided over by our faithful friend, Miss Royce, was 
 a source of never failing pleasure. 
 
 Miss Walker, ever ready to sympathize with the down-hearted, tried to make 
 us grammarians, and it is too bad that we who have left the school-room do not 
 remember more of her excellent precepts. 
 
 Space forbids a mention of every teacher, but each holds his own place in 
 our love and esteem, and the tie that bound us in the few short years of our 
 intercourse has grown with our growth and strengthened with our strength. 
 
 A Leaf from our Class History. Class of December, 1884, by Lottie 
 
 Matthis. 
 
 To-day, as I sit thinking of the past, I can scarcely realize that more than 
 four years have elapsed since we, the Christmas Class of '84, left our Alma 
 Mater, to follow our chosen profession. 
 
 Most of us have been so busy that the days have passed almost as quickly as 
 those spent in our dear old Normal. We think of those school days with 
 pleasure, notwithstanding the many discouragements we encountered in toil- 
 ing up the hill toward that long-sought summit, graduation. 
 
 We stumbled often, and sometimes feared falling so far (below the average) 
 that we should be compelled to begin the ascent once more. But kindly cheer 
 from patient instructors gave us fresh courage, and we pushed on again. 
 
 From the first day we were called together in the assembly hall, we felt there 
 was a great work to do, and a great something attainable by each of us. 
 
 During the first week of examination, and consequent assignment to classes, 
 what strangers we were. Only two familiar rooms, Room K and the assembly 
 hall. There were few familiar faces, and as yet, not even a teacher we could 
 
State Normal School. 97 
 
 call our own. When the classes were finally arranged, and our programme for 
 Junior work was given us, we realized that the great work was about to begin. 
 
 "Room G, Arithmetic." — What that part of the programme signified we 
 learned later, when shingles, carpets, brick houses, and bushel measures were 
 showered upon us mercilessly. 
 
 " Room I, Physiology." — An amoeba was our first acquaintance in physiology, 
 and Miss Washburn was not long in convincing us that even a bit of proto- 
 plasm was not to be despised. Later on in the work, many representatives of 
 the species feline were sacrificed to science. Poor kitty ! On one occasion, 
 even a mouse ventured forth to drop a pitying tear. However, some of the 
 young ladies failed to understand the object of its visit, and created such a 
 sensation that mousey retreated in alarm. 
 
 " Room E, Bookkeeping." — Under Professor Childs' able instructions we 
 learned the proper use of red ink, day-book, and journal ; and when the ten 
 weeks' report reached us, many students learned furthermore that our liabili- 
 ties far exceeded our resources in the bookkeeping department. 
 
 " Room K, Grammar." — We ascertained, with a wonderful degree of accuracy, 
 that there was yet something in connection with personal and relative pro- 
 nouns which we had failed to find in our previous study of them. " The ribbon 
 was an inch wide," brought several members of the class to grief. 
 
 "Room G, Reading."— A full study hour was to be devoted each evening to 
 reading, regardless of the discomfort experienced by nervous landladies, who 
 were startled from their slumbers by such cries as " Fire ! fire ! fire ! " " Sweet 
 California oranges ! " " Bring out yer old clo' ! " 
 
 Last, but not least, came our music hour. Professor Elwood often found his 
 burden hard to bear, for the sopranos would lag along behind the more wide 
 awake altos. " Keep up, stragglers ! " pronounced very abruptly, often had the 
 desired effect, in recalling them to consciousness. 
 
 Drill in marching occupied an occasional half hour, and not proud were the 
 Junior B's when they received the title of "Crazy Class." Their sorrow gave 
 way to joy a few days later, when one of the more advanced classes marched 
 like a "flock of sheep." 
 
 For five months we followed the Junior programme, striving for promotion 
 into the Middle Class. This object attained, we turned our attention to bugs, 
 cotyledons, gravitation, amendments, battles, binary compounds, essays, Anglo- 
 Saxon abstracts, etc. 
 
 Dear to the heart of every student is the memory of those green pencil marks 
 which came weekly from the hand of Professor Kleeberger, who presided over 
 chemicals and unknown quantities. 
 
 History hour was occasionally enlivened by a debate or a thrilling incident 
 from real life. 
 
 Professor Braly labored patiently to impress upon our minds the principles of 
 specific gravity and hydrostatics. 
 
 Who does not remember the speeches which were written, committed to 
 mem or y, and delivered under the directions of Miss Thompson? The criti- 
 cisms written upon said speeches were worthy of remembrance also. 
 
 The name of Professor Norton is dear, so dear to us all. How vividly we 
 recall the many hours spent with that beloved teacher who has since been 
 called to his better home ! Not in one subject, but in all things did we receive 
 his able help. How much we owe to him for the example of his pure, noble 
 life! 
 
 Besides the class work, many students took an active part in various literary 
 and debating societies of the school. The Philomathean was one of these, and 
 lived long and well. 
 
98 Historical Sketch. 
 
 The Senior year was, to many, the pleasantest part of the Normal work. 
 Many warm friendships had been formed among schoolmates, as well as 
 between teachers and pupils ; and the tie which bound the class together grew 
 stronger as we neared our journey's end. 
 
 However, there was yet much hard work to be done before graduation. Our 
 struggles with chemical experiments and unknown quantities were not yet 
 ended, and composition, which took so much time, was to be varied now with 
 bits of poetry. Not many of the poems written were published, and, it is 
 thought, few were kept in manuscript form, as all efforts to obtain one for these 
 reminiscences have been in vain. 
 
 The word laboratory suggests to our minds visions of broken test tubes, 
 fumes of H CI, large calico aprons, and fearful explosions. 
 
 Daily visits to the museum were made for geology's sake. The trip to Alma- 
 den will doubtless be remembered by many of the would-be mineralogists. 
 
 Our work in literature and in rhetoric, with Miss Wright as teacher, was 
 usually well prepared, except on days following receptions or " star gazings." 
 The latter generally took place on the Normal grounds, and on one occasion 
 at the uncanny hour of three a. m. 
 
 From the beginning of our Normal course much attention had been given to 
 methods in teaching; and our attentive faculties were stimulated by the well 
 known fact that the time would come when we should be given an opportunity 
 for putting theory into practice, as pupil-teachers in the Training Department. 
 The news came at last that Senior A. was to go down stairs, and the stoutest 
 heart quaked, for well we knew how much depended upon this test of our abil- 
 ity in school management. Of critics there was no lack, for in each class room 
 was stationed an able body of Senior A's and B's, each individual armed with a 
 pencil and open note book, all ready for an attack upon order, neatness, manner, 
 or discipline. Miss Wilson and Miss Sargent made frequent calls, and seemed 
 to write a great deal in a small note book. 
 
 Days had grown into weeks and weeks into months ere our work in that 
 department was declared finished. Joyfully we hastened back to our former 
 class room — Room K — but sadness mingled with our joy when we realized that 
 the work of the Senior year was finished, and that preparations must be made 
 for our departure. Thursday, December eighteenth, was the day chosen for 
 the graduating exercises. On that day we met together as pupils for the last 
 time. When our diplomas were conferred, we felt that we had received our 
 reward for the work completed, but that a much greater work was yet before 
 us, which, if faithfully done, would insure a far richer reward. So we bade 
 farewell to schoolmates,, and to those faithful teachers who had guided us so 
 carefully in the past, and went forth, each to take a part in the responsible 
 work of life. 
 
 SCHOOL PERIODICALS. 
 
 (Edward L. Spinks, Class of June, 1889.) 
 
 A history of the school would be incomplete without some men- 
 tion of its periodicals, their origin, aims, and work. The first 
 attempt at journalism of which there remains any record in the 
 school was made in 1867. In that year appeared a small written 
 
State Normal School. 99 
 
 sheet, called the "Acorn," interesting to us now chiefly from its 
 being the beginning of what has followed. Only a few numbers 
 remain, but from these may be gained an idea of what the paper 
 was. It consisted of witticisms and poems, and essays on literary, 
 scientific, and educational topics, all in manuscript. It was read 
 monthly before the school society by members of the same. The 
 elegant penmanship, the neatly ornamented covers, and the dainty 
 bows of ribbon show that its importance was appreciated by those 
 having it in charge. 
 
 After the disappearance of the "Acorn " there seems to have 
 been no school paper for several years, but on May 20, 1880, the 
 first printed sheet, " The Class Paper," afterwards " The Senior 
 Journal," was given to the world. A complete file, dating from 
 May, 1880, to December, 1885, having been preserved, it appears 
 that the paper, or journal, was a semi-annual publication, and, 
 as the names imply, was devoted to the interests of the Senior 
 Classes. It contained the class and graduating exercises, and 
 served a good purpose in keeping alive a class and school spirit. 
 Its first numbers, each containing four pages, equal to about six 
 quarto pages, were issued in newspaper form. Later supplements 
 were added, and the last issue, December, 1885, appeared as a 
 pamphlet of twelve large octavo pages. Each number was filled 
 with excellent articles, to some of which are attached names that 
 have since become familiar to all members of the school. 
 
 But the school was growing; some regular medium of com- 
 munication, some means of giving expression to school ideas, some 
 tie to unite graduates more closely to each other and to their Alma 
 Mater, was needed; and the best means of supplying this want 
 was a recognized school paper. To these circumstances and con- 
 ditions, the "Index" owes its existence. But circumstances do 
 not make a paper; work must be done; and though, after the 
 enterprise was well under way, many took an active part, to the 
 energy and perseverance of Messrs. H. F. Clark, L. J. Lathwesen, 
 and H. G. Squier are due the organization and establishment of 
 the paper. Though the matter was agitated during the spring 
 term of 1885, not till August of that year did the Senior Classes 
 come together and take the decisive steps. 
 
 Mr. H. F. Clark, Xmas, 1885, was unanimously chosen editor- 
 in-chief, with the Misses Addie C. Spafford, Myra A. Parks, Fan- 
 nie McKean, and Mary E. Lynch as associates, Mr. Lathwesen as 
 manager, and Mr. Squier as assistant. 
 
ioo Historical Sketch. 
 
 The first issue, a little yellow-covered journal containing eight 
 pages of literary matter for the nourishment of Normal minds, 
 and as many more of " ads " for the financial support of the paper, 
 appeared in October, 1885. 
 
 Like all new things, the " Index" was subjected to adverse criti- 
 cism, and received as well its share of commendation. One en- 
 thusiastic admirer was heard to remark, " Well, the school now 
 has something to be proud of." Another — not an admirer, said, 
 " Pshaw! it won't survive the Christmas pudding, but will die of 
 the colic before New Year's day." But it lived to become strong 
 and healthy; and, being now the recognized school representative 
 and newspaper, it has, we hope, become a permanent part of the 
 institution. 
 
 In December, 1885, the Senior Classes of the Los Angeles Nor- 
 mal were induced to take part in conducting the paper. This 
 department was continued till February, 1888, when the last con- 
 tributions were received. Since then, all matter for publication 
 has been supplied by our own school, and, we may add, the col- 
 umns have always been well filled. 
 
 At present the "Index" contains twelve quarto pages of read- 
 ing matter, divided into six departments. The editorial contains 
 short articles of interest to the school and to the teachers; the 
 literary consists of poems, essays, and class exercises; in the edu- 
 cational and scientific are found essays on appropriate subjects, 
 hints to teachers, items of information, and lesson plans from the 
 Training School. "Alumni" is a bureau of personal information 
 for graduates ; and "All Sorts," as the name suggests, is a miscel- 
 laneous collection of sense and nonsense, wit and wisdom, fact 
 and fancy, intended for amusement. 
 
 The paper is under the management of the Senior Classes, the 
 editor-in-chief and half the members of the staff being chosen 
 from the Senior A Class, the business manager, his assistant, and 
 the remaining members of the staff from the Senior B. Reporters 
 for "Alumni " and "All Sorts " work are appointed in all classes, 
 and articles and items for all departments are received from pupils, 
 graduates, and teachers. The paper receives the hearty support 
 of the Faculty, and its literary merits are largely due to the assist- 
 ance of the teachers of rhetoric and literature. Since the discon- 
 tinuance of the "Journal," the "Index" has published the class 
 and graduation exercises. 
 
State Normal School. 101 
 
 The money for carrying on the paper is supplied by advertising 
 and subscription rates. The present circulation, chiefly among 
 pupils and graduates, is about four hundred. The expense is 
 small, as the officers receive no pay for their services, and nothing 
 but printing and binding is to be paid for. 
 
 The "Index" is doing a good work; for it is now firmly estab- 
 lished, and, as one friend has said, " The period of experiment is 
 passed, and it has carved for itself a place among the foremost 
 school journals of the land." 
 
 The latest venture in school journalism, the " Model Magazine," 
 began its career in September, 1888. It is a semi-monthly sheet 
 written by members cf the Model Class, and read before the 
 Model Society. The editor and assistant being chosen anew for 
 each issue, zest is given to the work by inspiring each with a 
 desire to make his number the best. The result is a paper which 
 in matter and execution is a credit to class and teacher. His- 
 tory, science, and literature are discussed, the articles appearing 
 as essays, poems, extracts, biographical sketches, etc., sometimes 
 neatly illustrated by drawings. All the work is done by the 
 pupils. The chief aims are to lead the pupils to become familiar 
 with the important points of our history, to study scientific facts 
 and principles, to learn something of the best authors and their 
 works, to improve in language and composition, and, above all, to 
 cultivate a taste for good reading and an aptitude for investiga- 
 tion. 
 
102 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 ATTENDANCE AND GRADUATES. 
 
 
 Normal Dep't. 
 
 s 
 
 p 
 o 
 <<! 
 1 
 
 >-* 
 g' 
 
 5' 
 
 o 
 
 tog 
 1 o 
 
 I E 
 
 > 
 
 ! 7 * 
 
 Number of Graduates. 
 
 > 
 
 a? 5 
 
 School Tear. 
 
 
 H 
 2j 
 
 P 
 
 3 
 
 1-3 
 
 o 
 
 50 
 
 ft 
 5' 
 
 5- 
 1 
 
 H 
 
 o 
 
 2 <S e* 
 
 1862-63 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 18 
 19 
 25 
 27 
 37 
 26 
 40 
 17 
 13 
 16 
 28 
 36 
 30 
 36 
 48 
 36 
 41 
 32 
 62 
 79 
 72 
 96 
 82 
 87 
 103 
 112 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 13 
 
 18 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 19 
 23 
 33 
 31 
 48 
 29 
 44 
 21 
 17 
 20 
 33 
 45 
 38 
 42 
 58 
 44 
 47 
 34 
 75 
 93 
 88 
 109 
 100 
 98 
 121 
 129 
 
 
 1863-64 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1864-65 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1865-66 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1866-67 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1867-68 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1868-69 
 
 180 
 166 
 132 
 152 
 130 
 130 
 271 
 369 
 395 
 430 
 402 
 352 
 375 
 452 
 524 
 499 
 450 
 425 
 544 
 526 
 507 
 
 18 
 22 
 32 
 29 
 29 
 36 
 57 
 65 
 64 
 70 
 70 
 58 
 57 
 96 
 109 
 101 
 78 
 72 
 88 
 71 
 60 
 
 198 
 188 
 164 
 181 
 159 
 166 
 328 
 434 
 459 
 500 
 472 
 410 
 432 
 548 
 633 
 600 
 528 
 497 
 632 
 597 
 567 
 
 
 
 
 $40 00 
 
 15% 
 
 1869-70* 
 
 
 
 
 1870-71 . 
 
 
 
 
 73 00 
 
 66 00 
 94 00 
 90 00 
 53 00 
 40 00 
 52 00 
 48 00 
 70 00 
 81 00 
 77 00 
 55 00 
 47 00 
 
 67 (0 
 76 00 
 76 00 
 60 00 
 65 00 
 
 68 00 
 
 13% 
 
 9% 
 
 13% 
 
 20% 
 
 14% 
 
 9% 
 
 9% 
 
 12% 
 
 9% 
 
 11% 
 
 8% 
 
 14% 
 
 15% 
 
 15% 
 
 20% 
 
 20% 
 
 16% 
 
 20% 
 
 23% 
 
 1871-72 .. 
 
 
 
 
 1872-73 
 
 
 
 
 1873-74 
 
 1874-75 - 
 
 1875-76 
 
 1876-77 
 
 1877-78 
 
 1878-79 
 
 1879-80 
 
 1880-81 
 
 1881-82 
 
 1882-83 
 
 1883-84 
 
 1884-85 
 
 1885-86 
 
 1886-87 
 1887-88 
 1888-89 - 
 
 32 
 
 62 
 67 
 78 
 103 
 76 
 58 
 57 
 52 
 48 
 45 
 38 
 56 
 59 
 t 
 t 
 
 114 
 98 
 134 
 128 
 109 
 113 
 109 
 101 
 103 
 115 
 115 
 135 
 129 
 136 
 196 
 218 
 
 312 
 
 488 
 635 
 665 
 712 
 661 
 577 
 590 
 703 
 796 
 760 
 701 
 682 
 827 
 793 
 785 
 
 Totals 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,222 
 
 221 
 
 1,443 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Owing to frequent changes in Principalship during the early- 
 history of the school, and the subsequent loss of records by fire, 
 all the statistics now obtainable with reference to attendance dur- 
 ing the first six years, give only the number of new pupils admitted 
 each year as follows: 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted, 1862 31 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted, 1863.-. 62 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted, 1864 75 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted, 1865 83 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted, 1866 .- 100 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted from January to May 30, 1867 . 34 
 
 Total (ladies, 319; gentlemen, 66) 385 
 
 Number of new pupils admitted for school year 1867-68, about 
 one hundred and twenty-five. The complete record for this year 
 is lost. 
 
 * First half year. The record for the second half of this year is lost. 
 
 f Preparatory Class abolished in 1887. The number in the Training Department for the last two 
 years includes the Model Class. 
 
 J This estimate is made upon appropriations for support only, and does not include cost of build- 
 ings, or special appropriations for library, furnishing, apparatus, improvement of grounds, etc. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 103 
 
 WORK OF GRADUATES. 
 
 Class. 
 
 K3 
 
 
 
 C 
 
 3 
 
 o" 
 CD 
 
 B" 
 g 
 9 
 
 h3 
 so 
 c • 
 
 S. O 
 
 CD P 
 O. 
 3 O 
 
 as 
 
 DO O 
 
 EM 
 
 a 
 Off 
 •"J D5 
 
 S 5 
 
 P. CO 
 c 
 §■ E 
 
 s ^ 
 
 B p 
 ! B 
 
 1 c 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 CD 
 O 
 
 JO 
 
 H 
 
 50 
 
 fii 
 2 3 
 
 n 
 
 i & 
 
 ! 5' 
 1 <n 
 
 ! s' 
 
 i 
 
 ! £. 
 
 
 
 cc 
 9= 
 
 & 
 O 
 
 1 
 B* 
 CD 
 >1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 ll 
 
 O © 
 
 5" g 
 
 
 3 
 
 B" 
 
 So' 
 B 
 
 
 
 3 
 — 
 
 D 
 -t 
 
 .a 
 
 b 
 » of 
 
 B S 
 
 S" ° 
 g.1 
 
 CC CD 
 B 
 
 F* ° 
 ! 
 
 I 
 
 tap 
 
 crc 2. 
 
 =-B 
 CD O 
 1 CD 
 
 5. * 
 
 || 
 
 ll 
 ' d 
 
 5'^ 
 
 » hd 
 c-" B 
 
 2, 1 
 
 B-g 
 CD M - 
 -1 D. 
 
 B E 
 8-irc' 
 
 Es 
 
 oS 
 B B 
 00 0, 
 
 May, 1863. 
 May, 1864 
 Dec, 1864 
 
 4 
 19 
 
 9 
 14 
 11 
 22 
 31 
 10 
 38 
 29 
 44 
 21 
 17 
 20 
 33 
 45 
 38 
 42 
 58 
 44 
 
 2 
 45 
 34 
 
 1 
 74 
 
 8 
 85 
 50 
 38 
 51 
 58 
 45 
 55 
 32 
 66 
 60 
 61 
 58 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 13 
 10 
 21 
 27 
 
 4 
 24 
 28 
 40 
 19 
 17 
 19 
 26 
 40 
 37 
 42 
 53 
 39 
 
 2 
 41 
 32 
 
 1 
 70 
 
 7 
 81 
 50 
 37 
 51 
 57 
 45 
 50 
 30 
 61 
 52 
 58 
 48 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 "T 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 2 
 .... 
 
 ~T 
 
 6 
 10 
 
 "T 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 9 
 
 .... 
 "2" 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 4 
 6 
 1 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 5 
 4 
 4 
 2 
 6 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 May, 1865. 
 Dec, 1865 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 June, 1866 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 June, 1867 
 
 
 
 ..... 
 
 2 
 
 
 Nov. 1867 
 
 
 
 May, 1868. 
 May, 1869. 
 Mar., 1870. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 "T 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Mar., 1871 
 
 
 
 
 Mar., 1872. 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Mar., 1873 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 "5" 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 Mar., 1874. 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 Mar., 1875. 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 Mar., 1876. 
 
 
 
 
 Mar., 1877. 
 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 1 
 .... 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 May, 1878. 
 May, 1879 
 Jan., 1880* 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 May, 1880. 
 May, 1881 
 Jan., 1882* 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 "3 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 May, 1882. 
 Dec, 1882* 
 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 
 .... 
 
 32 
 6 
 43 
 19 
 21 
 31 
 36 
 32 
 30 
 20 
 45 
 43 
 51 
 43 
 
 .... 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 .... 
 
 May, 1883. 
 Dec, 1883. 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 2 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 
 May, 1884. 
 Dec, 1884. 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 May, 1885. 
 Dec, 1885. 
 
 1 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 9| 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 May, 1886. 
 Dec, 1886 
 
 5 
 1 
 4 
 5 
 3 
 10 
 
 .... 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 May. 1887. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Dec, 1887. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Mav, 1888. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dec, 1888. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 
 Totals.. 
 Class of 
 June, 1889 
 
 1,372 
 
 71 
 
 1,258 
 
 66 
 
 48 
 
 625 
 
 18 
 
 78 
 
 33 
 
 21 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : Diplomas granted at this date, but no regular class graduated. 
 
io4 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 COUNTY REPRESENTATION OP GRADUATES. 
 
 The following table gives the number of graduates from each 
 county of California, and from other States and Territories, since 
 the organization of the school: 
 
 Alameda. 95 
 
 Alpine 
 
 Amador . 15 
 
 Butte - - -.. 22 
 
 Calaveras 8 
 
 Colusa .- 7 
 
 Contra Costa -- -- 54 
 
 Del Norte 2 
 
 El Dorado- 18 
 
 Fresno 12 
 
 Humboldt. 23 
 
 Inyo 1 
 
 Kern.. 2 
 
 Lake 4 
 
 Lassen 4 
 
 Los Angeles. 10 
 
 Marin 17 
 
 Mariposa.. 3 
 
 Mendocino 10 
 
 Merced 10 
 
 Modoc 3 
 
 Mono 2 
 
 Monterey 14 
 
 Napa... 23 
 
 Nevada * 38 
 
 Placer 20 
 
 Plumas 1 
 
 Arizona 1 
 
 Idaho __ 1 
 
 Illinois 1 
 
 Iowa 1 
 
 Michigan 1 
 
 Missouri 3 
 
 Nevada 23 
 
 New York 1 
 
 Sacramento 40 
 
 San Benito 11 
 
 San Bernardino 6 
 
 San Diego 6 
 
 San Francisco 216 
 
 San Joaquin 44 
 
 San Luis Obispo 3 
 
 San Mateo 14 
 
 Santa Barbara 4 
 
 Santa Clara 429 
 
 Santa Cruz 49 
 
 Shasta 7 
 
 Sierra 10 
 
 Siskiyou 3 
 
 Solano 30 
 
 Sonoma 37 
 
 Stanislaus _ 10 
 
 Sutter 12 
 
 Tehama 
 
 Trinity 2 
 
 Tulare 12 
 
 Tuolumne 18 
 
 Ventura 1 
 
 Yolo 11 
 
 Yuba 8 
 
 Total. 1,401 
 
 Ohio 1 
 
 Oregon 1 
 
 Pennsylvania 1 
 
 Utah 1 
 
 Washington 4 
 
 Wisconsin 2 
 
 Total 42 
 
State Normal School. 105 
 
 STATE APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 Totals. 
 
 For the school year 1862-63, support, $3,000; deficiency bill, $1,200 $4,200 00 
 
 For the school year 1863-64, support 6,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1864-65, support- 8,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1865-66, support 8,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1866-67, support 8,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1867-68, support 8,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1868-69, support 8,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1869-70, support, $8,000 ; deficiency bill, $1,500 9,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1870-71, support, $12,000; library, $500 12,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1871-72, support, $12,000; library, $500 12,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1872-73, support, $15,000; library, $500 15,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1873-74, support, $15,000; library, $500; deficiency 
 
 bill, $4,512 88 20,012 88 
 
 For the school year 1874-75, support, $17,500; library, $500 ; apparatus, 
 
 $3,000 21,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1875-76, support, $17,500; library, $500; deficiency 
 
 bill, $5,000 23,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1876-77, support, $24,000; library, $500 24,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1877-78, support, $24,000 ; library, $500 24,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1878-79, support, $33,300; deficiency bill, $63 17... 33,363 17 
 
 For the school year 1879-80, support 33,300 00 
 
 For the school year 1880-81, support 33,300 00 
 
 For the school year 1881-82, support, $30,000; furnishing, $10,000; im- 
 proving grounds, $25,000. 65,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1882-83, support. * .— 30,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1883-84, support 40,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1884-85, support 40,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1885-86, support, $38,000; library, $500; water sup- 
 ply and improving grounds, $4,000; painting and repairing building, 
 
 $1,500; museum cases, $500 '. 44,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1886-87, support, $38,000; library, $500 38,500 00 
 
 For the school year 1887-88, support, $39,000; library, $1,000 40,000 00 
 
 For the school year 1888-89, support, $39,000; library, $1,000 40,000 00 
 
 Besides State appropriations, the school has an income from 
 tuition fees in the Training Department, which has averaged, for 
 the past ten years, about $3,400 annually. 
 
 Note. — Appropriations for buildings are given elsewhere in the historical 
 sketch. 
 
io6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OP TRUSTEES 
 From the Organization op the School to the Present Time. 
 
 Ex Officio Membees. 
 Governors. 
 
 Leland Stanford May, 1862, to December, 1863. 
 
 Frederick F. Low ..December, 1863, to December, 1867. 
 
 Henry H. Haigbt December, 1867, to December, 1871. 
 
 Newton Booth ....December, 1871, to February, 1875. 
 
 Romualdo Pacheco February, 1875, to December, 1875. 
 
 "William Irwin _ .December, 1875, to January, 1880. 
 
 George C. Perkins January, 1880, to January, 1883. 
 
 George Stoneman January, 1883, to January, 1887. 
 
 "Washington Bartlett January, 1887, to September, 1887. 
 
 R. W. Waterman September, 1887, to present time. 
 
 State Superintendents. 
 
 Andrew J. Moulder May, 1862, to December, 1863. 
 
 John Swett December, 1863, to December, 1867. 
 
 Rev. O. P. Fitzgerald... December, 1867, to December, 1871. 
 
 Henry M. Bolander December, 1871, to December. 1875. 
 
 Ezra S. Carr December, 1875, to January, 1880. 
 
 Fred. M. Campbell .January, 1880, to January, 1883. 
 
 Wm. T. Welcker January, 1883, to January, 1887. 
 
 Ira G. Hoitt • January, 1887, to present time. 
 
 Surveyor-General. 
 
 J. F. Houghton May, 1862, to March, 1866. 
 
 City Superintendent of Marysville. 
 
 Mayor Fowler May, 1862, to April, 1863. 
 
 City Superintendents of Sacramento. 
 
 Dr. Gustavus Taylor May, 1862, to , 1864. 
 
 Rev. Wm. H. Hill , 1864, to March, 1866. 
 
 Superintendents of San Francisco. 
 
 George Tait 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865. 
 
 John C. Pelton .■ , 1866, to December, 1867. 
 
 James Denman December, 1867, to April, 1870. 
 
 Superintendents of Sacramento County. 
 
 Dr. F. W. Hatch March, 1866, to March, 1868. 
 
 Dr. Aug. Trafton ..March, 1868, to April, 1870. 
 
 Superintendents of Santa Clara County. 
 
 Wesley Tonner March, 1866, and part of 1867. 
 
 J. R. Brierly Part of 1867, to March, 1868. 
 
 John H. Braly March, 1868, to , 1869. 
 
 K Furlong To April, 1870. 
 
 Superintendents of Sa7i Joaquin County. 
 
 Melville Cottle March, 1866, to .1870. 
 
 W. R. Leadbetter To April, 1870. 
 
State Normal School. 107 
 
 Elected Members. 
 
 Samuel I. C. Swezey April, 1866, to April, 1870. 
 
 J. M.Sibley.. April, 1866, to April, 1870. 
 
 Appointed Members. 
 
 Henry O.Weller... 1870 to 1872. 
 
 Andrew J. Moulder 1870 and part of 1871. 
 
 G. T. Ryland .1870 to 1881. 
 
 James Denman 1870 to present time. 
 
 J. H. Braly - 1870 to 1873. 
 
 B. Bryant, M.D .Part of 1871 and to 1880. 
 
 Ben. Cory, M.D 1872 to 1882. 
 
 T. Ellard Beans.. 1873 to present time. 
 
 A.S.Evans... 1880 to 1884. 
 
 O. W. Childs 1881 to 1887. 
 
 Ralph Lowe 1882 to present time. 
 
 Lawrence Archer 1884 to present time. 
 
 T. H. Laine 1887 to present time. 
 
io8 Historical Sketch. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PRINCIPALS. 
 
 Ahira Holmes. 
 
 (Principal from July, 1862, to June, 1865.) 
 
 Ahira Holmes, the first Principal of the first Normal School 
 established in California, was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 
 in 1823, and received his primary educational training in the pub- 
 lic schools of that historical and puritanical town. He entered 
 the State Normal School in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, in 1843, 
 pursuing the studies of the course in that institution until the 
 latter part of 1847, but teaching in the public schools of his native 
 town during the winter months before graduating. After leaving 
 the Normal School, he was appointed to the position of Principal 
 and Deputy Superintendent of the Boston Farm School, a free 
 manual labor institution for boys, located in the suburbs of the 
 city. This position he resigned in a little more than a year 
 thereafter, having been elected Principal of the Milton Center 
 Public Grammar School, in the vicinity of Boston, where he con- 
 tinued to teach until the following year, when he was elected to 
 the Principalship of the Brockton, Massachuetts, High School. 
 
 In the early part of 1852, Mr. Holmes came to California, and 
 in the following June received from the Board of Education of 
 San Francisco an appointment as Principal of the Union Street 
 Public School, then designated as the Clarke's Point Public School, 
 just established, the fourth school organized by the City Board, 
 no system of public schools having been provided for by the State 
 Legislature until the previous year. He continued to discharge 
 the duties of Principal of this school during the four subsequent 
 years. 
 
 In 1856 Mr. Holmes was elected Principal of the Powell Street 
 Grammar School, afterwards known as the Washington Grammar 
 School, and at the same time received the appointment of Princi- 
 pal of the Free Evening School, the first of the kind opened, under 
 the auspices of the Board of Education, in the city. He continued 
 to perform the duties of Principal of the former school but one 
 term, but was afterwards re-appointed to serve as Principal of the 
 
State Normal School. 109 
 
 Union Street Grammar School, which place he filled during two 
 additional years. 
 
 In 1861 Mr. Holmes removed to Los Angeles, where he was 
 elected Principal of the only Grammar School then opened in 
 that city. Here he continued one year, when, in June, 1862, he 
 received from the Board of Trustees of the State Normal School 
 an appointment as Principal of that institution. The school was 
 opened in San Francisco in the following July, in accordance with 
 an Act of the State Legislature, approved May second of the same 
 year, and its sessions were continuously held in that city until 
 1871, when the school was removed to San Jose. 
 
 At the first daily session of the school only six students pre- 
 sented themselves, but during the first part of the semi-annual 
 session there were thirty in attendance, and about this average 
 was maintained during the term. During the three years Mr. 
 Holmes served as Principal of the school there were two hundred 
 and thirty students enrolled and in attendance, of which number 
 forty-four graduated. Many of these graduates have since success- 
 fully filled prominent positions in the schools of San Francisco, 
 and other parts of the State. 
 
 Mr. Holmes was ably assisted during the last two years of his 
 time of service by Mr. H. P. Carlton and Miss E. W. Houghton, 
 and in the Experimental Department by Misses H. M. Clark and 
 Kate Sullivan. 
 
 After resigning his position in the State Normal School, Mr. 
 Holmes was elected Principal of the Mission Grammar School, in 
 San Francisco, and labored in that capacity during two years; 
 then resigning, to engage in another vocation in the city. 
 
 He is now living in retirement on a fruit farm in the suburbs 
 of San Jose. 
 
 George W. Minns. 
 
 (Principal from June, 1865, to June, 1866.) 
 
 George W. Minns was born in the City of Boston in 1813, and 
 received his early education in a private Primary School and in 
 the public Grammar and English High School of that city. He 
 was fitted, under private tuition, for Harvard University, from 
 which he graduated in 1836. For two years he attended the 
 Howard Dane Law School, receiving the degree of LL.B. He 
 then entered the office of the Hon. Kufus Choate, where he 
 
no Historical Sketch. 
 
 remained for two years, and was admitted to practice law in all 
 the Courts of the State. 
 
 In 1854 he came to California, via Cape Horn. Through the 
 failure of Page, Bacon <fe Co., with whom he had been advised to 
 deposit his money, lie was left penniless, and learned, as many 
 others have, "that even heavy gold has wings and can fly away 
 as swiftly as paper money." 
 
 The succeeding failure of Adams & Co., and of other bankers, 
 caused great business depression, and Mr. Minns, seeing from an 
 advertisement that the City Board of Education intended to estab- 
 lish a High School, with liberal salaries, applied for and was 
 elected to the Professorship of Natural Science. He did not 
 receive his appointment, however, until he had stood a running 
 fire of examination, conducted by members of the Board, and by 
 doctors, lawyers, and ministers, for about three weeks. He ac- 
 cepted this position, as there was very little law business, and he 
 desired to have his family with him; but, he adds, "none of the 
 liberal promises made by the Board were fulfilled." 
 
 He was connected with the school about ten years — as long as 
 both sexes attended. On the separation and the establishment 
 of the Girls' High School, he was offered the choice of the Prin- 
 cipalships, and chose that of the Boys' High School, being its 
 first Principal. After holding this position one year, he was 
 called to the Principalship of the State Normal School, then in 
 San Francisco. This was done, although at the time the Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction held a letter from Mr. Minns 
 declining to be a candidate. This letter, he informed Mr. Minns, 
 he had "kept in his pocket." Mr. Minns held the Principalship of 
 the Normal School but one year. He returned to Boston, and for 
 nearly fourteen years taught in the east. He was connected with 
 the Eagleswood Military Academy in New Jersey, with Washing- 
 ton University in Missouri, and with the Boston Latin High 
 School. After this he established in Concord, Massachusetts, a 
 private school, in which he fitted young men for Harvard. 
 
 At the instance of John Swett, his intimate friend, he was 
 invited to a position in the Girls' High School, of San Francisco, 
 in 1880. Thinking a change of climate might be beneficial to 
 the health of his children, he accepted this position, which he 
 held until 1888. 
 
 During the latter part of this time, he was visited by a serious 
 calamity, viz.: a cataract in each eye. An operation was per- 
 
State Normal School. 1 1 1 
 
 formed, and both crystalline lenses removed. His eyes are now 
 so strong that he can read fine print. 
 
 His present residence is in the town bearing the distinguished 
 name of Newton, in the State of Massachusetts. 
 
 From Mr. Minns' autobiographical letter the following is taken 
 verbatim: 
 
 For five years I was Principal of the City Normal School of San Francisco. 
 I lectured before the first State Teachers' Institute held in California, and at 
 various times since. I hold the first certificate issued to a teacher by the State 
 Board of Education. 
 
 My work in a literary line has been contributions to college magazines, to law 
 reviews, and the preparation of a series of lectures or essays on the most emi- 
 nent American poets. 
 
 I have spent the best part of my life in teaching. The life of the faithful 
 teacher is laborious. It can truly be said that most teachers are overworked 
 and underpaid, and yet there are compensations. The teacher is amply re- 
 warded for all his toils who creates in those under his charge a love of knowl- 
 edge, who gains their good will, esteem, and affection. Teaching, like the 
 quality of mercy, is twice blessed: "It blesseth him that gives and him that 
 takes." There is a quid pro quo of considerable value to be derived, not only 
 from the diversions many and various which recesses and school hours afford, 
 but also from the contemplation of many various and good points of pupils. 
 Their thoughtlessness may lead to many objectionable traits and habits; as, for 
 example, idleness, mischief, disobedience. On the other hand, nearly all of them 
 are open, generous, good natured, very affectionate, forgiving everything in 
 their teachers except partiality and injustice. That teacher is less adorned 
 with graces than are the average of his pupils who cannot say of them, " With 
 all their faults, I love them still." 
 
 Heney P. Caelton. 
 
 (Principal from June, 1866, to July, 1867, and from February to May, 1868.) 
 
 Henry P. Carlton was born in Andover, Essex County, Massa- 
 chusetts. His education, up to the age of twenty, was confined 
 to the district school, which, after the manner of his time and 
 place, was kept open only during the winter months. His work 
 was that of a New England farmer's boy. For five or six winters, 
 beginning with that of his eighteenth year, he taught a district 
 school. He was twenty-one years old when he entered the South 
 Andover High School, where he fitted for the classical course in 
 the Vermont University. On account of his ability as a writer 
 and speaker, he was given, at the close of the sophomore year, the 
 place of honor on the programme of the public exercises of his 
 class. Ill health compelled him to leave college, never to return. 
 
112 Historical Sketch. 
 
 After a six months' sea voyage, he was engaged for several years 
 in an insurance business in Philadelphia. 
 
 In 1853 he came "around the Horn" to California, and, in the 
 fall of that year, was made Principal of the North Beach Grammar 
 School. Four years later he was elected Principal of the Powell 
 Street Grammar School. This position he resigned in 1861, to go 
 East. Upon his return, he accepted the offer of a deputyship in 
 the office of John Swett, State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion, where he remained till October, 1863, when he was elected 
 assistant in the State Normal School, where he labored as Vice- 
 Principal and Principal until March, 1873. 
 
 His special work in the school was physiology, natural history, 
 and mental philosophy, applied to teaching. The text-book in the 
 latter study was Russell's work, and the first class completing the 
 course in Normal Training remember well John Swett's expression 
 of delight and surprise at their proficiency. Mr. Carlton's lessons 
 in physiology and his enthusiasm in zoological work strongly 
 impressed his pupils. While he was connected with the Normal 
 School he made a collection of nearly all the then known species 
 of land and freshwater shells of the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Mr. Carlton exerted a marked influence for good over the grow- 
 ing characters of his pupils. Many of them remember with grati- 
 tude his intense interest in their moral welfare, and his anxiety 
 that they should grow in things spiritual as well as in things 
 intellectual. 
 
 After leaving the Normal School, he taught a few years in the 
 Boys' High School and some of the Grammar Schools of San 
 Francisco; but the onerous labor of the school-room was too great 
 for his physical condition, and he has not taught for the last ten 
 years. In these years he has done excellent literary work in 
 school journals and other San Francisco papers. He now resides 
 in Oakland. For the last thirty years he has been a teacher in 
 Sabbath schools. 
 
 Any just estimate of Mr. Carlton's work must take into account 
 the fact that physical weakness continually oppressed him. Pain 
 and weariness were his almost constant companions. His ideal 
 is so high that he estimates his successful life work a failure. 
 Few have been so useful. His three-score years have been well 
 spent. 
 
State Normal School. 113 
 
 George Tait. 
 (Principal from July, 1867, to February, 1868.) 
 
 George Tait was born in 1831, in the City of New York, and 
 was reared in the State of Virginia. He received his education 
 at the University of Virginia, then in the most flourishing period 
 of its history. He began his career as a teacher in Virginia, and 
 before he was twenty-one. In 1853, at the age of twenty-two, he 
 came to California, and went into the French Bank at San Fran- 
 cisco, teaching school in the evening. In 1857 he was appointed 
 Principal of the Denman School, and served as such until 1861, 
 when he was elected City Superintendent of Schools. In 1863 
 he was reelected. During his term of office he advocated many 
 reforms, particularly in the interest of the primary schools, which 
 he thought should, in regard to the character of their teachers, 
 their buildings, and other appliances of education, rank first in 
 every school department. Next in importance to the judicious 
 selection of teachers, etc., in primary schools, he considered the 
 work of examining, classifying, and promoting pupils. This work 
 was then performed by the Committee on Classification, aided by 
 the Superintendent. Mr. Tait considered this system inadequate, 
 and proposed, in its stead, to commit the task to the grammar 
 masters, under the supervision of the committee, and at the same 
 time to relieve the masters of the charge of any one class, so that 
 they might attend to the general interests of their schools. In 
 his efforts to better the condition of our schools and to raise their 
 standard, he sought inspiration in the wisdom and experience of 
 the leading educators of the East, and in his views on the subject 
 he was supported by the Board of Education. 
 
 He also was a warm advocate of religion in the school, and 
 thought the banishment of all religious instruction from the class- 
 room a slur on the morals of the community. Educational 
 authorities differ very much on this important subject, but Mr. 
 Tait insisted strongly upon the excellent moral effect of reading 
 the Scriptures, without comment on the part of the teacher, how- 
 ever. During the years of his incumbency, the practice prevailed 
 in New York and Boston, and was made compulsory bylaw; and, 
 in fact, prevailed in this State — at least, in the schools of San 
 Francisco, in 1852, but soon after fell into disuse. He also be- 
 lieved in the American system of co-education, but, at the same 
 time, he advised the introduction of the European system into a 
 
1 1 4 Historical Sketch. 
 
 certain number of schools, in view of the strong prejudice of our 
 foreign element against the former sj^stem. He thought this con- 
 cession necessary in order to extend to the greatest possible num- 
 ber the inestimable benefits of a common school education. 
 
 In 1867 he was appointed Principal of the State Normal School, 
 then located in San Francisco. His connection with that institu- 
 tion was, however, very brief, for stress of private business neces- 
 sitated his resignation in 1868. In that year he moved, with his 
 family, to Oakland, intending to devote himself thenceforth exclu- 
 sively to his business interests. However, after a short residence 
 in that city, he was prevailed upon by friends to undertake the 
 task of organizing the schools of the young city. His long expe- 
 rience in San Francisco was of the greatest advantage to him in 
 this work. Soon afterwards he became connected with Brayton's 
 College School, and when the College of California became the 
 University of California, he was made one of its professors, and 
 also given charge of the Preparatory Department. He resigned 
 in 1873. With the exception of a term as member of the Board 
 of Education of San Francisco, in 1876-7, his educational career 
 ended here. After this he traveled in Europe for many years. 
 He died suddenly in 1888, at Alameda, California. 
 
 Thus, the best years of his life were devoted to the cause of 
 education. He was a natural teacher, and loved his profession. 
 He often remarked that the happiest hours of his life were spent 
 in the school-room. Those who knew him well will testify to his 
 worth, and praise his great services to the State of California. If 
 any man ever exaggerated the advantages of a liberal education, 
 it was Mr. Tait, and in the education of the masses he looked for 
 the solution of the social question. 
 
 The character and importance of Mr. Tait's work may be well 
 estimated by reference to the points enumerated in an address by 
 Professor Minns, Principal of the State Normal School, delivered 
 upon the occasion of the presentation of a silver service to Mr. 
 Tait, then about to retire from office, in which he calls attention 
 to the important services rendered by Mr. Tait, and which were 
 as follows: 
 
 1. Obtaining from the State Legislature an Act authorizing the 
 transfer of $60,000 from the General Fund to the School Fund. 
 This money was used for building purposes. 
 
 2. Improving the finances of the department. Before he was 
 Superintendent there was always a deficit in the School Fund; 
 
State Normal School. 115 
 
 during his entire term of office it showed a surplus. Teachers 
 were paid in cash instead of in scrip; and the business of the 
 department was conducted upon a cash basis. 
 
 3. Improving the condition of the primary schools, by provid- 
 ing better and healthier accommodations for the children. 
 
 4. The revision of the by-laws of the Board, and of the school 
 regulations. 
 
 5. The introduction of a graded course of instruction in primary 
 and grammar schools, thereby shortening the course from ten to 
 seven years. 
 
 6. Restoring the practice of reading the Bible, without note or 
 comment. 
 
 " It was also upon his recommendation," says Mr. Minns, " that 
 Principals were directed to assemble their pupils annually, on the 
 day preceding the birthday of Washington, and to read and 
 explain to them extracts from Washington's farewell address, 
 and to combine therewith such expressions as are likely to kindle 
 in the breasts of the rising generation a holy and inextinguishable 
 love of country." 
 
 Dr. William T. Lucky. 
 
 (Principal from May, 1868, to August, 1873.) 
 
 Dr. William T. Lucky was born in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, 
 April 14, 1821. 
 
 When fourteen years of age, with his parents, he removed to 
 Illinois. At the age of sixteen he went to McKendrie College, 
 Lebanon, Illinois. There he entered upon a regular course of 
 study, and remained in the college until he graduated with the 
 honors of his class, in August, 1842. On the same day on which 
 he received his diploma, he was elected professor of mathematics 
 in his alma mater, and after teaching two years, his resignation 
 was received with deep regret. 
 
 In August, 1844, Dr. Lucky was married to Miss Mary Searritt, 
 and in October following removed to Fayette, Missouri, for the 
 purpose of establishing a first class High School. This was his 
 first individual enterprise, and it seemed a very small beginning, 
 as he opened his school in Fayette with six pupils, and closed on 
 Friday afternoon of the first week with two. But Dr. Lucky was 
 of sanguine temperament and full of energy, and his peculiar 
 faculty as an instructor, his rare talent for governing, together 
 
1 1 6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 with his genial manner, soon filled his school-rooms, and there, 
 with uninterrupted success, he taught for seventeen years. Mean- 
 time, under Dr. Lucky's labor and direction, the High School 
 increased, developed, and finely resulted in Howard Female Col- 
 lege and Central Male College, both of which are now in a flour- 
 ishing condition. 
 
 In 1847 Dr. Lucky was ordained a regular minister in the 
 Methodist Church, but did not receive special appointments as 
 a pastor. He regarded teaching as his special calling and pro- 
 fession. To become a thorough, useful, Christian educator was a 
 fixed desire and purpose of his life, and he felt that to be vested 
 with the authority of a Christian minister would increase his 
 opportunities for doing good in his chosen field of labor. 
 
 Almost in the beginning of the late war, these two colleges, 
 with near three hundred students in attendance, were suspended, 
 and the buildings occupied by soldiers during a greater part of 
 the war. While things were in this unsettled condition, Dr. 
 Lucky was warmly solicited to come to the Pacific Coast and 
 take charge of a Methodist college at Vacaville, in Solano County. 
 He came to California in 1861, accepted the position as President 
 of Pacific Methodist College, in which he remained five years, and 
 through many discouragements was successful in building up a 
 fine school. 
 
 From Vacaville Dr. Lucky went to Alameda, with the intention 
 of opening a select seminary for young ladies, but was delayed 
 in his plans for want of suitable buildings. At this time he was 
 elected Principal of the Lincoln High School in San Francisco. 
 After filling this position for one year with marked success, he 
 was elected Principal of the State Normal School, of which he 
 had charge five years — three years in San Francisco and two 
 years after it was removed to San Jose. 
 
 While living in San Francisco, Dr. Lucky became interested 
 in the moral and spiritual welfare of the many prisoners in San 
 Quentin, and volunteered his services as chaplain for two Sabbaths 
 in each month, and for over two years he was faithful to this new 
 post of duty, employing every means possible to cultivate the 
 better principles of their nature and induce them to reform their 
 lives, and become honest men. It was largely the result of his 
 individual effort and labor that a chapel was built when the 
 prison was enlarged, and quite a large library of books was 
 donated by the different churches of the city. 
 
State Normal School. 1 1 7 
 
 In 1873 Dr. Lucky removed to Los Angeles, and there was 
 appointed Principal of the High School and City Superintendent. 
 In both of these positions he was successful and popular. 
 
 In 1876 he made a visit to his many friends in the East. While 
 there he visited the Centennial, attended the National Educational 
 Convention in Baltimore, which convened in July, and a State 
 Convention in St. Louis. He was urged to remain East and 
 accept the Presidency of his alma mater, and also warmly solic- 
 ited to return to Fayette and take charge of one of the colleges 
 he had been instrumental in founding. But, after having been 
 identified with the educational interests of California for fifteen 
 years, he chose to decline the kind offers made him there, and to 
 return to California, to take his place in the ranks and his part 
 in the labor of elevating, improving, and carrying on the grand 
 system of education in this glorious State. 
 
 Though Dr. Lucky had a good constitution and seemed in per- 
 fect health for many years, yet thirty years of mental labor and 
 continued taxation of brain work, proved too much for even him. 
 He was suddenly stricken down with disease which soon devel- 
 oped into paralysis of the brain, of which he died in San Francisco 
 August 21, 1876. 
 
 " Dr. Lucky was a man of no ordinary powers, a man of even 
 balance, a clear thinker, an extraordinary teacher, and an impres- 
 sive preacher. But few men were more active and energetic than 
 he in whatever he engaged in, and never seemed to tire in his self- 
 imposed task, and but few men have impressed themselves upon 
 more minds than did he. The record of his work is with us, his 
 reward is on high. His life of unselfish labor and usefulness will 
 remain a lasting monument to his memory." 
 
 Charles H. Allen. 
 
 (Principal from August, 1873, to July, 1889.) 
 
 Charles H. Allen was born in Mansfield, Tioga County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, February 11, 1828. He received his early education in 
 the common schools, taking one term afterward in Condersport 
 Academy. From here he went to Jamestown, Chautauqua County, 
 New York, with the idea of continuing his education. He was 
 compelled by illness to relinquish his desire for a higher educa- 
 tion, a spinal curvature producing such serious nervous disturb- 
 9 
 
1 1 8 Historical Sketch. 
 
 anee that physicians pronounced it necessary that he should give 
 up all mental labor. Here he entered a workshop, and learned 
 a trade. Being of a strong mechanical turn, he rapidly acquired 
 skill in the various departments, and was soon an expert cutler. 
 His taste for mechanics has followed him all through his life, and 
 a " workshop " has been his principal place of amusement. 
 
 From his place in the shop he was unexpectedly called to finish 
 a term of school, the teacher — a former teacher of his — being com- 
 pelled to resign because of ill health. Mr. Allen taught his first 
 school here, at the early age of fifteen. With no thought of becom- 
 ing a teacher, he returned to the workshop at the end of the term, 
 and resumed what he thought would be his life work. But it was 
 ordered otherwise. His success in the school-room had been so 
 marked that he was called back to the same school for a longer 
 term, and at a considerable advance in the meager salary paid. 
 During this term of school he read Abbott's Teacher and Page's 
 Theory and Practice of Teaching, and from these learned that 
 teaching is anything but drudgery. From the reading of these 
 books, followed by u My School and Schoolmasters" dates the 
 beginning of his career as a teacher. 
 
 Mr. Allen taught in the common schools of western New York 
 for several years, working at his trade during vacations. During 
 this period he attended for one term a Regents, or Normal Class, 
 in the Westfield Academy. 
 
 While teaching in Busti, New York, he was, upon the recom- 
 mendation of the County Superintendent, granted a New York 
 State certificate, a certificate granted only upon great excellence 
 in the art of teaching. 
 
 He was now called to the Smethport Academy, in McKean 
 County, Pennsylvania, where he soon became Principal, and 
 began the training of teachers. At this period, also, began his 
 institute work, which has continued all through his life. 
 
 His health failing, from overwork, he became a land surveyor 
 for a few years. He held the position of surveyor for the Ger- 
 man colony which settled upon the tract of land first purchased 
 by Ole Bull for a Danish colony. During this period he regained 
 his health, and, in addition, "picked up" a fair smattering of the 
 German language. 
 
 From Germania he was called to Westchester, Pennsylvania, 
 to take the position of Associate Principal of a Normal School. 
 During the long vacation of the Normal School he went to Wis- 
 
State Normal School. 119 
 
 consin, at the invitation of Chancellor Barnard, to take charge of 
 several Teachers' Institutes. Here he was induced to remain for 
 several months, to complete the work and aid in compiling the 
 proceedings. Chancellor Barnard was compelled to resign his 
 position and give up his work in Wisconsin, upon which event 
 Mr. Allen was elected agent of the Normal School Regents of the 
 State, and given in charge the Institute work and the supervision 
 and examination of the Normal classes, held then in some of the 
 colleges, academies, and high schools. For several years he 
 carried on this work, holding institutes in different parts of the 
 State, and lecturing in almost every hamlet. Tiring of the per- 
 petual strain of this severe labor, he opened a private Normal 
 Class in the Madison High School building. At this time, also, 
 he was made City Superintendent of Schools. The demand for 
 a Normal School was clearly indicated by the patronage extended 
 to this Normal Class, and before the expiration of a year the Re- 
 gents of the University of Wisconsin invited Mr. Allen to take 
 charge of a Normal Department in the University. He accepted 
 the invitation, and entered the University as a Professor of Nor- 
 mal Instruction. To him belongs the credit of first opening the 
 doors of the University to women. While holding the professor- 
 ship in the University, Mr. Allen raised a company of students, 
 and went to Memphis as Captain of the company. His company 
 formed a part of the " Hundred day men," of whom so much 
 was said and written. Returning, "honorably discharged," he 
 resumed his work, but was again compelled to give up teaching 
 by failing health. He resigned his position, and spent some 
 months in a general life insurance office in Cincinnati. He was, 
 however, soon called back, and made President of the first Nor- 
 mal School in Wisconsin, at Platteville. Here he organized the 
 Normal School work of the State, and also took charge of the 
 erection of the new building. 
 
 A severe attack of bronchitis compelled him again to give up 
 his work, and hoping for the benefits of a change of climate, he 
 went to Portland, Oregon, where he opened and carried on, for 
 eight months, the Bishop Scott Grammar School, as head master. 
 This work was not to his liking. The climate, however, restored 
 his health, and he returned and worked a year as Institute Agent 
 in Wisconsin. While at work in an Institute there, he received 
 his notification of an election as Professor of Natural Science in 
 the Normal School at San Jose, California. This position he 
 
120 Historical Sketch. 
 
 accepted, and in a short time reported for duty. After serving 
 one year as Professor of Natural Science, he was elected, August 
 4, 1873, Principal of the School. 
 
 Of Mr. Allen's work in California, both as the head of the Nor- 
 mal School and in Institutes, little need be said. His educational 
 ability may be best estimated by a study of the growth of the 
 School, and his method of work, by the extracts from his reports? 
 to be found in the body of this work. That his duties have been 
 various and heavy, no one can doubt. In addition to the labor 
 of Principal, he has had charge of the completion of the old build- 
 ing, the erection of the present building, the improvement of the 
 grounds, and the erection of the building at Los Angeles; and 
 the Normal School building at Chico has had also a share of his 
 time and attention. 
 
 The wonder is not that, after nearly seventeen years of work in 
 California, his health should give way, but rather, considering 
 the nature and amount of work he has accomplished, that it has 
 not given way before. 
 
 With an experience that few men have had, Mr. Allen retires 
 to his mountain ranch, to enjoy the evening of a busy life. 
 
 This sketch of the life and work of Mr. Allen cannot be more 
 fittingly closed, than by giving in full the official resolutions 
 unanimously adopted by the Board of Trustees, on accepting 
 his resignation: 
 
 Among the customs or rules that a refined civilization has given us, none 
 is imbued with more gravity than that which is devolved upon collective bodies, 
 both public and private, of expressing, upon the death or retirement of a fellow 
 member or employe, the regard and esteem in which he is held, and to which 
 he is entitled by reason of his mental and moral worth, and his faithful, valu- 
 able, and long-continued services. 
 
 This custom is sanctioned by the most elevated sentiments that find lodg- 
 ment in the human breast; and the outward expression, while exhibiting the 
 gratification of conscientious duty in a worthy personal cause, is yet tinged 
 with the sorrow and regret of a personal loss. 
 
 The Board of Trustees of the State Normal School, at San Jose, are called 
 upon to avail themselves of this custom, to discharge themselves of this trust. 
 
 We have made it our duty — pleasant in that which affects a knowledge of the 
 past, unpleasant in that which looks towards the narrow line dividing the past 
 from the future, and which shows a vacuum that can never be filled while old 
 associates hold a place in our memories — to say for you all what individually 
 we know you would say, and much better, for yourselves. 
 
 Professor Charles H. Allen is about to leave us. His connection with the 
 school is soon to be closed. We have been compelled, sorrowfully, to accept 
 his resignation, on account of his continued ill health, a long abstinence from 
 work being imperative. In a word, he asks us for his life; and, as physicians, 
 who are his friends, we are obliged to present the oidy prescription that will 
 
State Normal School. 121 
 
 meet his case. And we do this in the sincere and earnest hope that rest and 
 relaxation may bring back the strength he has lost, and that his future days 
 may be long and happy. 
 
 For seventeen years he has been connected with the school, sixteen as Prin- 
 cipal; seventeen years of faithful, conscientious, laborious work. His influence 
 has been deep, strong, far-reaching. By his teaching, by his management, by 
 his labors on the State Board of Education, by his personal advice and coun- 
 sel, and by his example, he has shaped the destinies of hundreds of men and 
 women, many of whom are now highly honored by the State, and are the pil- 
 lars of its present strength, and the hope of its future prosperity. His guidance 
 has ever been in the line of truth and right, as well as purely intellectual appli- 
 cation, and the power of his kindly Christian mind has been exerted upon all 
 whose good fate has led them, as seekers for knowledge, within the portals of 
 this grand educational edifice. 
 
 California — the whole coast, in fact — owes him a debt of gratitude that can 
 never be repaid. 
 
 In view of all these facts, it is meet that this Board should give appropriate 
 and emphatic expression of its sentiments; therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved, That in the retirement, on account of ill health, of Professor Charles 
 H. Allen, the State Normal School at San Jose' is deprived of the services of a 
 competent and faithful educator, a wise counselor and friend, a conscientious, 
 painstaking, and talented fellow laborer, and an honest, large hearted, Christain 
 gentleman; that we part with him in unfeigned sorrow and regret, not only on 
 account of personal esteem and regard for his many able qualities, but also 
 by reason of the vast scope, important, and high moral and intellectual char- 
 acter of the work that he has accomplished during his connection with the 
 school, the Board, and the educational affairs of the State generally; that he 
 goes from among us with our best wishes and deepest sympathies, and that the 
 State ought not to forget, as it assuredly never will, one who has done such 
 grand work in her moral and intellectual behalf. 
 
 Resolved, That the foregoing preamble and resolutions be spread upon the 
 records of this Board, and that an engrossed copy be prepared under the direc- 
 tion of the Executive Committee, and presented to Professor Allen. 
 
 San Jose, California, June 24, 1889. 
 
 Ralph Lowe, 
 T. H. Laine, 
 Ira G. Hoitt, 
 Committee on Resolutions. 
 
 ,C. W. Childs. 
 
 (Principal from July 1, 1889-) 
 
 C. W. Childs was born in 1844, in Geneseo, New York; gradu- 
 ated at the Wauwatosa High School, Wisconsin, in 1860, and at 
 the outbreak of the rebellion served for a short time in the army. 
 Subsequently he came to California, and began his life work in 
 teaching a public school at Cold Springs, El Dorado County. 
 Mr. Childs at that time was not of age, yet achieved marked 
 success at the very commencement of his career as a teacher, 
 
122 Historical Sketch. 
 
 and as years have rolled on fresh laurels have been added con- 
 tinuously to his pristine success. After teaching several years in 
 California, he entered the State Normal School, and was graduated 
 in 1867. 
 
 Finally he took a course in a commercial college in San Fran- 
 cisco, and, thus equipped, returned to his life work. Shortly after 
 finishing his commercial course he assumed the duties of Princi- 
 pal of the High School at Suisun, which position he held for eight 
 years. Here he won a brilliant reputation as a progressive edu- 
 cator, and gained for the school the reputation of being one of the 
 best in the State. By his efforts the school was supplied with 
 efficient apparatus for all necessary purposes, and among other 
 things not especially in the curriculum of a public school, he 
 taught the boys how to set type, both as an accomplishment and 
 for recreation. In acknowledgment of his worth as a teacher 
 and his eminent fitness for the position, he was nominated and 
 elected to the office of County Superintendent of Public Schools 
 of Solano County for two successive terms, almost without oppo- 
 sition. Capable, energetic, and enthusiastic, his administration 
 of the office could not but be a success, and as a sequence of well 
 earned laurels, at the close of his term of office, in 1878, Mr. Childs 
 was elected to the position of teacher in the State Normal School, 
 and in 1886 he was elected Vice-Principal. In June, 1889, he was 
 made Principal. Here has he especially accomplished beneficial 
 results in the interests of education. The State at large feels his 
 influence for good. Popular with the students, possessing the 
 confidence and esteem of his fellow teachers, he has won an envi- 
 able reputation. Mr. Childs is an untiring student, and, though 
 not a collegiate, is a fine scholar. He is the author of " Topical 
 Outlines of History," " Topical Outlines of the Constitution," and 
 "The Essentials of Bookkeeping," three exceedingly valuable 
 handbooks for the use of teachers and pupils. In conclusion it 
 may be said: As a teacher, he is progressive; in methods, direct 
 and comprehensive; clear and explicit in explanation of knotty 
 problems, and one who recognized the value of drawing and of 
 Normal training in schools carried to the highest extent. As a 
 man, genial, courteous, affable, not puffed up with conceit, but 
 modest and unassuming. A man among men. His pupils love 
 him, and the teachers of California respect him and acknowledge 
 his worth. 
 
State Normal School. 123 
 
 LIST OF TEACHERS. 
 
 The names of teachers are given in order, according to the time 
 at which they came into the school. In all cases where it could 
 be obtained, an outline of the preceding and succeeding educa- 
 tional work of each is given. In the case of some of the teachers 
 connected with the school 'during its early history, these points 
 can not be learned, because of death or removal. A few of those 
 whose addresses are known have failed to respond: 
 
 Helen M. Clark. — Native of Canada. Graduate of the Toronto Normal 
 School, where she taught several years. Principal of Training School, Octo- 
 ber, 1862, to May, 1864. Assistant in Training School, September to December, 
 1865. Taught several years in the San Francisco schools. Afterwards became 
 Mrs. Boyle. Resides in San Francisco. 
 
 Kate Sullivan. — Assistant in Training School, November, 1862, to May, 1864. 
 Principal of Training School, July, 1864, to June, 1865. Afterwards taught in 
 San Francisco public schools until her death, July 17, 1879. Further particulars 
 cannot be obtained. 
 
 Mary R. Harris. — Assistant in Normal Department, January, 1864, to Feb- 
 ruary, 1864. Resigned to take a position in San Francisco schools. Further 
 particulars unknown. 
 
 Mary D. Bodwell. — Assistant in Normal Department, February, 1864, to 
 May, 1864. Resigned to take a position in Girls' High School, San Francisco. 
 Further particulars unknown. 
 
 Eliza W. Houghton. — Native of Massachusetts. Educated in public schools 
 of Massachusetts and at Mount Holyoke Seminary. Was a pupil of George R. 
 Emerson, in Boston, three years. Taught in Harrisburg Seminary, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and Providence High School, Rhode Island; in Normal School from 
 July, 1864, to April, 1877, with leave of absence during part of 1869 and part 
 of 1876. Was Preceptress from August, 1873, to April, 1877. Has not taught 
 since. Present address, San Jose. 
 
 Mrs. 0. H. Stout. — Principal of the Training School, September, 1865, to fall 
 of 1868. Afterwards became Mrs. Shillaber. Resided in San Francisco several 
 years. Died a year or two ago. Further particulars cannot be obtained. 
 
 Mrs. Mary L. Swett. — Native of Connecticut. Educated in Thompson Acad- 
 emy, Connecticut, and San Francisco public schools. Graduated at San Fran- 
 cisco Evening Normal School. Received State educational diploma November, 
 1865. Vice-Principal of Training School, January, 1866, to June, 1867. Teacher 
 in the Normal School, August, 1867, to December, 1867. Has not taught since. 
 Married to John Swett, May 8, 1862. Has four children. Present address, 
 Martinez, California. 
 
124 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Mrs. C. R. Beale. — Assistant in Normal Department, July, 1866, to June, 
 1867. Resigned to take a position in Girls' High School, San Francisco. Fur- 
 ther particulars not received. 
 
 Mrs. P. C. Cook. — Assistant in Training School part of school year 1867-68. 
 
 Mary Heydenfelt. — Assistant in Training School part of school year 
 
 1867-68. 
 
 A. L. Fitzgerald. — Assistant in Normal Department, spring term, 1868. 
 
 Miss Bush. — Assistant in Normal Department, spring term, 1868. 
 
 Mrs. Dorcas Clark. — Educated in Canada. Was a teacher of many years' 
 experience when elected to a position in the California State Normal School. 
 Assistant in Normal Department from May, 1868, to March, 1873. Specialties, 
 mathematics and history. Has taught most of the time since in Girls' High 
 School, San Francisco. Further particulars have not been received. 
 
 Matilda Lewis. — Graduate of State Normal School, Oswego, New York. 
 Principal of Training School, 1869 to 1871. Afterwards became Mrs. Robert 
 W. Jordan, and resided in San Francisco. Died October 3, 1884. 
 
 Letitia Ryder. — Assistant in Normal Department, 1869. 
 
 Mary J. Titus. — Native of New York. Educated in public schools of Wis- 
 consin and Oswego Normal School, New York. Graduated February, 1870. 
 Taught in Ogdensburg, New York, two and a half years; in San Jose' Normal 
 School since November, 1872. Was Principal of Training Department ten 
 years; away on leave of absence one year; teacher in Normal Department 
 since August, 1883. Specialties, mathematics and pedagogy. Preceptress 
 since August, 1888. 
 
 Lucy M. Washburn. — Native of New York. Educated in New York public 
 schools and Academy, Normal School at Fredonia, Vassar College, and Cor- 
 nell University. Taught one year in Westfield Academy, New York; one year 
 in Academic Department of Normal School, Fredonia, New York; two years 
 in Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, Virginia; in Normal School, 
 San Jos4, from March, 1873, to present time, with leave of absence of one year. 
 Specialties, mathematics, physiology, and zoology. 
 
 Cornelia Walker.— Native of New York. Educated in New York and Minne- 
 sota, in public schools and seminaries, and in Normal School at Winona, Minne- 
 sota. Taught in city schools of Minnesota four years; in Normal School at St. 
 Cloud, Minnesota, four years; Root's Normal Musical Institute, Chicago, one 
 season; in Normal School, San Jos6, since November, 1873. For the first year, 
 was teacher of Preparatory Class; since November, 1874, in Normal Depart- 
 ment. Specialties, grammar, literature, and pedagogy. 
 
 J. H. Braly.— Native of Missouri. Educated in public schools and Univer- 
 sity of Pacific, California, and in Cumberland University, Tennessee, from which 
 he graduated in 1859. Taught in public schools of California six years, and in 
 private academies five years. Superintendent of Schools in Santa Clara County, 
 1868-69. Was Vice-Principal and teacher in Normal School, San Jos<§, from 
 August, 1873, till resignation, December, 1883. Specialty, natural philosophy. 
 Married in 1861 to Miss Martha Hughes. Six children, three living. Present 
 address, San Diego. 
 
 Florence Grigsby (Mrs. E. C. Singletary).— Native of Wisconsin. Educated 
 in public schools of Wisconsin and in California State Normal School, from 
 
State Normal School. 125 
 
 which she graduated in 1874. Taught in Primary Class of Training Depart- 
 ment from June, 1874, to November, 1876. Married January 11, 1877. Two 
 children. Resides in San Jose\ 
 
 Annie E. Chamberlain. — Native of Wisconsin. Graduate of Normal Depart- 
 ment, University of Wisconsin. Taught in Milwaukee High School several 
 years; in Normal School, San Jose, from November, 1874, to March, 1879. Spe- 
 cialty, mathematics. Has since taught two years in the Milwaukee Academy, 
 and five years in the High School. Present address, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 
 
 Phebe P. Grisgby (Mrs. Jas. T. Hamilton).— Native of Wisconsin. Educated 
 in district schools of Wisconsin and in Platteville NormalSchool. Graduated 
 in 1871. Taught in Wisconsin public schools three years; in Normal School, 
 San Jos6, from November, 1874, to December, 1885. For nine years of this time 
 was teacher of the Preparatory Class ; for the succeeding two years, taught in 
 the Junior Class. Not taught since. Married June 7,1881. One child. Address, 
 1013 Scott Street, San Francisco. 
 
 Henry B. Norton. — Native of New York. Educated in public schools of New 
 York, Wisconsin, and Illinois, Beloit College, Wisconsin, and State Normal Uni- 
 versity, Illinois. Taught in public schools of Illinois, in Illinois Normal Uni- 
 versity, and seven years in State Normal School, Emporia, Kansas. Teacher 
 of science in San Jose' Normal School from June, 1875, to June, 1885. Special- 
 ties, chemistry, zoology, and physical geography. Professor Norton died at his 
 home, in the Santa Cruz Mountains, June 22, 1885, of congestion of the brain. 
 
 Resolutions adopted, December 11, 1885, by the Board of Trustees of the Normal 
 
 School. 
 
 Resolved, That by the death of Professor Henry B. Norton, the State Normal 
 Schools have received a deep wound and sustained a great loss. His life and 
 labors were altogether beneficial. He was an excellent teacher, and a constant, 
 industrious, successful student. Whatever he learned by study, investigation, 
 or observation, was freely given to the scholars and utilized to the benefit of 
 his students. His influence upon the common schools and the cause of edu- 
 cating the people, through his services at Teachers' Institutes, was great and 
 good. His coming was welcome; his departure a matter of regret. His career 
 as a citizen was a life pure, useful, without stain. His work and his influence 
 were always healthy and inspiring to good; his life was a lesson. 
 
 Resolved, That, as Trustees of the school, where he labored well and success- 
 fully, we tender to his widow and bereaved children our sincere condolence, 
 because we, too, are partakers with them in a great and melancholy loss. 
 
 Ira More. — Native of Maine. Educated at Bridgewater Normal School, 
 Massachusetts (graduated in 1849), and Yale College (graduated in 1855). 
 Taught in Massachusetts public schools six months; Bridgewater Normal 
 School, one year; Chicago Normal School, one year; Illinois Normal Univer- 
 sity, four years ; Principal of Normal School, St. Cloud, Minnesota, seven years ; 
 teacher in Normal School, San Jose, July, 1876, to June, 1883. Specialties, 
 mathematics and physical geography. Since that time has been Principal of 
 State Normal School, Los Angeles, California. Married April 16, 1857, to Miss 
 Lucy C. Drew. Two children living. 
 
 Helen S. Wright. — Native of New York. Educated in public schools and 
 academy, Fredonia, New York, and Boston Art School. Preceptress of Fre- 
 donia Academy between five and six years (during this time the school was 
 made a Normal School); Preceptress, Academic Department, Potsdam Nor- 
 
126 Historical Sketch. 
 
 mal School, two years; teacher in a seminary in Kentucky, two years ; teacher 
 in Normal School, San Jos6, from June, 1876, to June, 1888. Specialties, En- 
 glish language and literature. Preceptress from August, 1877, to June, 1888. 
 Absent during school year 1888-89, on leave of absence, traveling in Europe. 
 
 Maky E. Wilson (Mrs. T. C. George). — Native of Wisconsin. Educated in pub- 
 lic schools and California State Normal School. Graduated in 1875. Taught 
 one year in public schools of Santa Clara County ; critic teacher in Primary 
 Class, Training Department, six years, 1876 to 1882; Principal of Training 
 Department, six years, 1882 to 1888. Married June 7, 1888, to Professor T. C. 
 George, of University of the Pacific. Has since spent a year traveling in 
 Europe. Address, San Jose". 
 
 Ruth Royce. — Native of California. Educated in public schools and State 
 Normal School. Graduated in 1877. Taught in Preparatory Class, two years; 
 substitute teacher and assistant in Junior Classes, three years ; Librarian since 
 1881. 
 
 Mary E. B. Norton.— Native of New York. Educated at Rocljford Seminary, 
 Illinois, and in Berlin, Germany. Taught two years in public schools of Illinois 
 and Iowa ; fifteen years in Rockford Seminary, Illinois ; one year, International 
 Academy, Berlin ; in Normal School from January, 1878, till resignation, Decem- 
 ber, 1888. Specialties, botany and geography. Address, San Jose\ 
 
 Frances L. Webster (Mrs. L. I. Pish). — Native of New York. Educated in 
 New York public schools and State Normal School at Potsdam, from which she 
 graduated in 1875. Taught one term in State Normal School at Leavenworth, 
 Kansas; two years in Iowa State Normal School; in San Jose Normal School 
 from August, 1878, to March, 1881. Specialties, elocution and composition. 
 Not taught since. Married March 31, 1881. Two children. Address, Martinez, 
 California. 
 
 Margaret K. Scott. — Native of Indiana. Educated in California public and 
 State Normal Schools, and in Oxford Female College, Ohio. Taught in public 
 schools of California; in Training Department of San Jose Normal School, two 
 and a half years, beginning August, 1879. For past six years has been teaching 
 in Los Angeles, as Grammar School Principal. Now Principal of Eighth Street 
 School. Has spent the past year traveling in Europe. 
 
 Jessica G. Allen.— Native of New York. Educated in public schools and 
 State Normal Schools, Platteville, Wisconsin, and San Jos6, California. Gradu- 
 ated in 1877. Taught in public schools of California one year; in Junior Class 
 of Normal School, five months— spring term, 1880. Has taught for past four 
 years in Hester School, San Jose\ Married July 20, 1880. 
 
 Addie Murray. — Native of New York. Educated in public and Normal 
 Schools of Minnesota. Graduate of Normal School, Winona, Minnesota. 
 Taught in public schools of Minnesota and California. Was Principal of 
 Model Department of Normal School at St. Cloud, Minnesota, 1874 to 1876. 
 Substitute teacher in San Jose Normal School, two years, beginning Atigust, 
 1880. Subjects taught, grammar, arithmetic, and bookkeeping. After leaving 
 the Normal School, was Principal of the New Almaden School one year, and 
 has taught in Los Angeles six years, most of this time as a Grammar School 
 Principal. Is now Principal of Amelia Street Grammar School, Los Angeles. 
 
 Eliza B. Barnes.— Native of Rhode Island. Educated in public schools of 
 Rhode Island. Taught in public schools of Rhode Island, nine years; in public 
 
State Normal School. 127 
 
 schools of San Francisco, six years; in Normal School, San Jos6,frorn January, 
 1881, to resignation, May, 1884. Specialty, drawing. After a prolonged visit in 
 the Eastern States, returned to California, where she is now teaching. 
 
 Gloea F. Bennett. — Native of New York. Educated in district schools of New 
 York and Normal Schools at Brockport and at Geneseo, New York. Taught in 
 district schools of New York, two and a half years; State Normal School at 
 Geneseo, two years; High School in Michigan, one year; seven years in public 
 schools of California ; in Normal School since August, 1881. Specialty, English. 
 
 Lizzie P. Sargent (Mrs. Lizzie P. Wilson). — Native of California. Educated 
 in public schools and Normal School. Graduated in 1875. Taught in public 
 schools of California, six years; in Training Department of Normal School 
 since October, 1881. Was critic teacher in Primary Class, five years; in Gram- 
 mar Class, one year. Principal of Training Department since September, 1888. 
 Married August 2, 1888. 
 
 Geoege R. Kleebeegee. — Native of Wisconsin. Educated in public schools 
 of Wisconsin, State Normal School, Platteville, Wisconsin, Yale College, Con- 
 necticut. Taught in public schools of Wisconsin as Principal, four years ; 
 Connecticut, two years. Teacher of science in Normal School, Whitewater, 
 Wisconsin, three years. Taught in public schools of California as Principal, 
 three and a half years; in Normal School, San Jos6, from February, 1882, to 
 present time. Specialties, chemistry and geology. Married JApril 19, 1879. 
 Three children, one living. 
 
 Maey P. Adams. — Native of Wisconsin. Educated in public schools and San 
 Jose Normal School, from which she graduated May, 1879. Taught one year in 
 public schools; as assistant in Training Department, August, 1882, to March, 
 1884 ; as teacher of music and critic teacher in Intermediate Class of Training 
 Department from August, 1887, to present time. 
 
 Isabella G. Oakley. — Graduate of Packer Collegiate Institute, New York. 
 Taught over twenty years, principally in private institutions. Taught in Nor- 
 mal Department, spring term, 1883. Afterwards taught one year in Los Angeles 
 Normal School. When last heard from was teaching in Santa Barbara. 
 
 Jessica B. Thompson (Mrs. A. H. Washburn). — Native of Illinois. Educated 
 in public schools of Illinois, San Jose" Normal School, and University of Mich- 
 igan. Taught in Normal School from August, 1883, to December, 1889. Spec- 
 ialties, literature and language. Married January 22, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 A. H. Randall. — Native of Maine. Educated in Maine Wesleyan College 
 and Maine Normal Schools. Principal of Stockton High School, California, 
 from 1867 to 1883. Teacher in Normal School from January, 1884, to present 
 time. Specialties, physics and geometry. Married February, 1869, to Miss 
 Fannie H. Moore. 
 
 Jennie M. Hammond. — Graduate of Normal School, 1878. Taught in public 
 schools, six years; assistant and critic teacher in Intermediate Class of Train- 
 ing Department from February, 1884, to May, 1887. Address, San Jose\ 
 
 Fannie M. Estabeook.— Native of Illinois. Educated in Illinois State Nor- 
 mal School and National School of Elocution at Philadelphia, and has taught 
 elocution twelve years. Taught reading and elocution in San Jose" Normal 
 School from August, 1884, to present time. 
 
 Geehaed Schoof. — Native of Hanover, Germany. Graduate of Gymnasium 
 of Clausthal and Military Academy of Hanover. Taught in the San Francisco 
 
128 Historical Sketch. 
 
 public schools from March, 1876, to August, 1884; in Normal School from 
 August, 1884, to present time. Specialty, drawing. Was Principal of the San 
 Jose' Evening Schools, two terms. Married November 28, 1877. Three children. 
 
 Myrtie 0. Hudson. — Native of Ohio. Educated in public schools, San Jos6 
 Normal School (class of '78), and University of Michigan (class of '85). Taught 
 in public schools of California six and a half years ; in Normal School from 
 January, 1886, to June, 1889. Specialties, composition and history. 
 
 Mamey Murray. — Native of California. Educated in public schools and in 
 State Normal School, San Jose, from which she graduated December, 1884. 
 Taught in public school three years ; as assistant in Junior Classes of Normal 
 School, January to June, 1887. Has spent most of time since in studying and 
 teaching music. Address, Auburn. 
 
 Kate Cozzens. — Native of California. Educated in public schools and Nor- 
 mal School. Graduated in 1878. Taught in schools of Santa Clara County 
 nine years. Teacher of Model Class, Training Department, since August, 1887. 
 
 Laura Bethell. — Native of Indiana. Educated in public schools of Indiana, 
 at convent, and in California State Normal School. Graduated December, 1887. 
 Taught language and mathematics in Normal School since January, 1888. 
 
 R. S. Holway. — Native of Iowa. Educated in public schools of Iowa. Taught 
 in Iowa five years ; in public schools of California as Principal, seven years ; in 
 Normal School since January, 1888. Specialties, mathematics and physics. 
 Married in 1883. 
 
 Margaret E. Schallenberger. — Native of California. Educated in public 
 schools and State Normal School, San Jose\ where she graduated in 1880. 
 Taught in San Jose public schools five years; in Normal Department, one 
 term; critic teacher in Primary Class of Training Department since January, 
 1888. Has given special attention to clay modeling. 
 
 Volney Rattan. — Native of Wisconsin. Educated in public schools and State 
 University of Wisconsin. Taught in public schools of Wisconsin, two years ; 
 country schools in California, five years ; San Jose Institute, two years ; Oakland 
 Military Academy, three years; Principal of Santa Cruz schools, one and a half 
 years; teacher of natural science in Girls' High School, San Francisco, thirteen 
 years; teacher in Normal School since January, 1889. Specialties, botany and 
 geography. Married September, 1872. Two children. 
 
 Nettie C. Daniels. — Native of Michigan. Graduate of University of Michi- 
 gan. Taught two years in State Normal School at Indiana, Pennsylvania. 
 Teacher in Normal School, San Jos£, since January, 1889. Specialty, language. 
 
 Nannie C. Gilday— Native of Missouri. Educated in public schools and 
 academy in Missouri. Taught one year in private school; twelve years in 
 public schools of Kansas City; assistant critic teacher in Training Depart- 
 ment, Normal School, since February, 1889. Specialties, music, drawing, and 
 reading. 
 
State Normal School. 129 
 
 SPECIAL TEACHERS. 
 
 Mdlle. Parot Calisthenics— 1863-64 
 
 Hubert Burges Drawing— 1863, 1864, 1869 
 
 W. Elliot - Music— 1863 and 1864 
 
 C. J. Robinson Calisthenics — 1864 
 
 F. K. Mitchell . ..Music — 1864 
 
 E. Knowlton Calisthenics and elocution — 1864, 1869 
 
 Dr. Crossette. Music — 1869 
 
 Miss Hannah Millard.. Drawing — 1871-72 
 
 Olive Parker Music— 1871-72 
 
 Z. M. Parvin Music— 1876 to May, 1878 
 
 Madame M. A. Hamm Music— 1878-79 
 
 Miss M. D. McChain Reading— 1877-78, 1878-79 
 
 Mrs. M. F. Gunning Drawing— 1877-78 
 
 Professor Drew Penmanship — 1877-78 
 
 J. H. Elwood Music — 1875 and 1880 to present time. 
 
 Mrs. A. E. Bush .Curator of Museum — 1878 to present time. 
 
130 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GRADUATES, 
 
 Feom the Fiest Class, May, 1863, to the Thiety-sixth Class, June, 1889, 
 
 Inclusive. 
 
 Abbe, Frank B._ December 
 
 Abshire, Alfred C December 
 
 Adams, Charles C December 
 
 Adams, Clara A March 
 
 Adams, Mary P May 
 
 Adams, M. Lydia December 
 
 Addicott, Lily A December 
 
 Ahlf, George P.. May 
 
 Albee, George B. .-- ..May 
 
 Albrecht, Annie F May 
 
 Allen, Carl H -..December 
 
 Allen, Hattie E December 
 
 Allen, Jennie A -May 
 
 Allen, Jessica G. March 
 
 Allen, Kara F. '_ June 
 
 Allison, Arminta E March 
 
 Allyne, Lucinda N December 
 
 Alvarez, Adam D May 
 
 Anderson, Emily_ ..May 
 
 Anderson, Eula L May 
 
 Anderson, Grace L June 
 
 Anderson, Julia March 
 
 Anderson, Sarah E June 
 
 Angell, Cora L. December 
 
 Angier, Hattie J May 
 
 Anglon. Annie E December 
 
 Aniser, Emilie - May 
 
 Anker, Nana December 
 
 Aplin, Evaline V. -- ..May 
 
 Appleby, Kate May 
 
 Aram, Mattie L May 
 
 Arbogast, Frederick L May 
 
 Archer, Louise. May 
 
 Armstrong, Mrs. Josie R._March 
 
 Armstrong, Lizzie May 
 
 Arnold, George E May 
 
 Ashbrook, Martin V.- .May 
 
 Ashbrook, Truman P May 
 
 Ashley, Julia V. June 
 
 Ashley, Osee E May 
 
 Ashurst, Nellie March 
 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1870. 
 1879. 
 1886. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1887. 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1888. 
 1887. 
 1877. 
 1889. 
 1870. 
 1864. 
 1888. 
 1888. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1877. 
 1867. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1888. 
 1878. 
 1888. 
 1882. 
 1881. 
 1878. 
 1888. 
 1881. 
 1877. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1864. 
 1868. 
 1867. 
 1886. 
 1872. 
 
 Asmus, Elise M December 
 
 Atchison, John B December 
 
 Atherton, Hattie E December 
 
 Augustine, Martha .. .December 
 
 Auld, Cecilia M .March 
 
 Avery, Carrie L. May 
 
 Ayer, Edith E. May 
 
 Ayer, Ethel C ..May 
 
 Ayers, Tidie .March 
 
 Babcock, DollieC March 
 
 Bachelder, EllaE ..May 
 
 Backus, Hattie E May 
 
 Bacon, Horace G December 
 
 Baggett, Haddie A December 
 
 Bagnell, Estella M._ May 
 
 Bailey, Arline L May 
 
 Bailey, Henry R.. ...May 
 
 Bailey, Louis C... May 
 
 Bailey, Rebecca December 
 
 Bailey, Walter S._ May 
 
 Bailey, William H .May 
 
 Baker, Modena I. March 
 
 Baldwin, Ellen S May 
 
 Balis, Lola A May 
 
 Balis, Lutie M .May 
 
 Ball, Hannah M. December 
 
 Ballou, Alice K May 
 
 Bankhead, Belie May 
 
 Bankhead, Hugh L... May 
 
 Bankhead, William R June 
 
 Banks, Lizzie .March 
 
 Bardenwerper, Kate G May 
 
 Barkley, Lena May 
 
 Barlow, Ada S. December 
 
 Barnes, Emmogene A March 
 
 Barnes, Eudora A March 
 
 Barrett, Lucy A._ June 
 
 Barrett, Maggie G May 
 
 Barry, Annie S .March 
 
 Barthel, Franklin K June 
 
 Bass, Mamie ..May 
 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1874. 
 1887. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1876. 
 1876. 
 1868. 
 1885. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1882. 
 1885. 
 1877. 
 1864. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1886. 
 1889. 
 1876. 
 1879. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1875. 
 1877. 
 1889. 
 1880. 
 1877. 
 1889. 
 1886. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 131 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Bassett, Mary P March 
 
 Bassham, Minnie C May 
 
 Bateman, Henry March 
 
 Batigh, Florence December. 
 
 Beaizley, Alice E May 
 
 Beal, Charles R March 
 
 Beaty, James G May 
 
 Beckman, Mamie T May 
 
 Beckwith, Carrie. ...May 
 
 Beckwith, Kate B — .May 
 
 Beckwith, A. Rose ..May 
 
 Beers, Adrianna L. ... June 
 
 Beggs, Ida December 
 
 Beggs, R. Lizzie -May 
 
 Bell, Mary .May 
 
 Bell, N. Jane- March 
 
 Bellew, Katie C. .June 
 
 Bellingall, Julia L June 
 
 Benjamin, Julia I.. .March 
 
 Bennett, Addie S December 
 
 Bennett, Clare December 
 
 Bennett, Eva May 
 
 Bennett, Ida M May 
 
 Bennett, Minnie A ..March 
 
 Benson, Clara A. December 
 
 Bent, Lottie May 
 
 Berger, Lillian December 
 
 Berry, Annie M May 
 
 Berry, Lauren J .May 
 
 Bertola, Mariana .June 
 
 Betancue, Lizzie C .May 
 
 Bethell, Laura December 
 
 Bevans, E. Margaret .June 
 
 Beverly, Victoria May 
 
 Bickford, Grace May 
 
 Bicknell. Bertha A March 
 
 Bigsby. Emma A June 
 
 Billings, Ella G. December 
 
 Bird, Belle March 
 
 Bird, Maggie M May 
 
 Bird, Mary March 
 
 Black, Anna E.. December 
 
 Black, James A December 
 
 Black, E. May March 
 
 Black, William J. May 
 
 Blackford, May F December 
 
 Blackstaff, Mary E. D March 
 
 Blaine, CoraA.. May 
 
 Blodget, William 0... .May 
 
 Blythe, Alice. ..May 
 
 Bodley, Julia May 
 
 1876. 
 1881. 
 1875. 
 1884. 
 1884. 
 1872. 
 1883. 
 1886. 
 1885. 
 1882. 
 1881. 
 1867. 
 1884. 
 1879. 
 1869. 
 1871. 
 1889. 
 1889. 
 1871. 
 1884. 
 1887. 
 1887. 
 1880. 
 1874. 
 1888. 
 1881. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1883. 
 1889. 
 1868. 
 1887. 
 1867. 
 1864. 
 1887. 
 1870. 
 1867. 
 1883. 
 1877. 
 1882. 
 1874. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1877. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1874. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1878. 
 1885. 
 
 Boke, George H December, 1887. 
 
 Bondshu, Charles F. May, 1887. 
 
 Bonnell, Lucy May, 1868. 
 
 Bonney, Sarah F March, 1876. 
 
 Bose, Anna I May, 1888. 
 
 Botsford, Lucy E December, 1883. 
 
 Boulware, Millie R. May, 1878. 
 
 Bowers, Lillian --May, 1880. 
 
 Bowman, Mary S May, 1880. 
 
 Boyer, Annie B.. .May, 1878. 
 
 Boyle, Sarah J March, 1870. 
 
 Bradley, Mattie May, 1885. 
 
 Bradshaw, Georgia L. .December, 1888. 
 Bradshaw, Wm. R. ...December, 1864. 
 
 Braly, Josephine December, 1883. 
 
 Brauer, Carrie May, 1886. 
 
 Braun, Christiana EL May, 1882. 
 
 Breyfogle, Nellie M. ..December, 1886. 
 
 Bride, Laura E May, 1885. 
 
 Broadbent, Elijah December, 1864. 
 
 Bromley, Kate L. May, 1883. 
 
 Brooks, Edward R.. March, 1874. 
 
 Brown, Ada F ..May, 1881. 
 
 Brown, F. Alice May, 1880. 
 
 Brown, Esther A ..June, 1889. 
 
 Brown, Floribel C May, 1880. 
 
 Brown, Julia B May, 1868. 
 
 Brown, Julia S.. December, 1885. 
 
 Brown, Mary I March, 1877. 
 
 Brown, Samuel A March, 1877. 
 
 Brown, Susie M May, 1887. 
 
 Brown, William W ...May, 1879. 
 
 Brownell, Elmer E. May, 1884. 
 
 Browning, Lizzie M. ..December, 1888. 
 
 Browning, Mary E December, 1885. 
 
 Bruch, Louis. March, 1873. 
 
 Bruch, Louise L May, 1878. 
 
 Brunhouse, Fred G. ..December, 1888. 
 
 Brunhouse, Mary C -May, 1883. 
 
 Bryant, Annie May, 1869. 
 
 Buckley, Annie P ...May, 1886. 
 
 Buckley, Emma S .March, 1875. 
 
 Buckman, Samuel F May, 1869. 
 
 Burrill, Mary Alice March, 1870. 
 
 Burston, Selina G._ -May, 1878. 
 
 Burt, Minnie Clara March, 1875. 
 
 Bush, Jennie R .December, 1883. 
 
 Bushnell, Emma H May, 1885. 
 
 Butts, Frank A --May, 1884. 
 
 Cahill, Josephine March, 1873. 
 
 Calhoun, Jessie I May, 1884. 
 
132 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Calhoun, Nannie L May 
 
 Calhoun, Virginia C May 
 
 Cameron, Augusta S June 
 
 Camp, Alice - December. 
 
 Campbell, Amey T June 
 
 Campbell, Anne B March 
 
 Campbell, Cornelia E June 
 
 Campbell, Grace May 
 
 Campbell, Ida A.. May 
 
 Campbell, Mrs. Orpah May 
 
 Campbell, Ruth G. „ -May 
 
 Carey, Mrs. Aimee L May 
 
 Carey, Elmer E... May 
 
 Carey, Susie D. L ...May 
 
 Carmichael, M. Emeline May 
 
 Carothers, Leonora M. ... March 
 
 Carpenter, Ida M .May 
 
 Carpenter, May .. March 
 
 Carr, Maggie E ..May 
 
 Carr, Mary C .June 
 
 Carr, Mary E March 
 
 Carrau, Celina R March 
 
 Carroll, Anna March 
 
 Carruthers, Isabel March 
 
 Carswell, Abbie June 
 
 Carswell, Ella W. March 
 
 Carver, Lue J May 
 
 Casey, Joanna T .March 
 
 Casserly, Cillinda A May 
 
 Cassin, Bella R May 
 
 Caswell, Annie. May 
 
 Cathcart, Annie May 
 
 Cauch, Frank R .May 
 
 Cauch, Fred L._ May 
 
 Cearley, Emma S May 
 
 Chaloner, Louis B. May 
 
 Chaloner, Mary L. May 
 
 Chambaud, Angeline .December 
 
 Chambaud, Sarah May 
 
 Chandler, Kittie A May 
 
 Chapin, Thomas L May 
 
 Chaplin, Alice M .March 
 
 Chapman, Amelia R._ May 
 
 Chapman, E. Mattie June 
 
 Chase, Carrie M June 
 
 Chase, Hattie M May 
 
 Chew, Mary F May 
 
 Chickering, Belle May 
 
 Childs, Charles W ..June 
 
 Chipman, Lemuel J March 
 
 Chipman, William T May 
 
 1885. 
 1884. 
 1865. 
 1884. 
 1866. 
 1876. 
 1865. 
 1886. 
 1888. 
 1888. 
 1869. 
 1886. 
 1880. 
 1864. 
 1883. 
 1870. 
 1881. 
 1877. 
 1885. 
 1889. 
 1875. 
 1871. 
 1873. 
 1870. 
 1866. 
 1874. 
 1883. 
 1870. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1880. 
 1868. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1878. 
 1878. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1883. 
 1882. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1867. 
 1867. 
 1879. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1867. 
 1873. 
 1882. 
 
 Church, Lillian E December 
 
 Churchill, Clara Belle March 
 
 Churchill, Jennie December 
 
 Cilker, Jennie A June 
 
 Cilker, Martha E December 
 
 Clark, Charlotte K March 
 
 Clark, Ida E May 
 
 Clark, Harry F .December 
 
 Clark, Hattie G March 
 
 Clark, James E .March 
 
 Clark, Lida C .December 
 
 Clark, Lizzie M May 
 
 Clark, Mary P.. June 
 
 Clark, Rose M. December 
 
 Clark, Tillie M.. ....May 
 
 Clarke, Mabel S December 
 
 Clayes, Lola B .December 
 
 Clayes, Madge M. .May 
 
 Clayton, Henry A May 
 
 Clayton, Julia .May 
 
 Clayton, Kate J June 
 
 Clift, Elizabeth B December 
 
 Cochrane, Annie December 
 
 Cocks, Roxa S .November 
 
 Coffman, Alfred B._ May 
 
 Coffman, Jennie A May 
 
 Coffman, Nelson B May 
 
 Coffman, Pelham H .May 
 
 Colby, Julia C December 
 
 Colby, Mary A March 
 
 Cole, Eugene C .May 
 
 Cole, Marie March 
 
 Coleman, Ella. .May 
 
 Comstock, Bertha May 
 
 Congdon, Georgietta N. Dec. 
 
 Conlin, Anne F December 
 
 Conmy, Ellen A March 
 
 Conn, Frances S .December 
 
 Conn, Isabella May 
 
 Connell, Gertrude. .June 
 
 Cook, Anne Edith. May 
 
 Cook, Mary A December 
 
 Cooper, William W... May 
 
 Cope, Lizzie May 
 
 Cormack, Jessie M May 
 
 Cory, Ben B .December 
 
 Cory, Hattie May 
 
 Cory, Lizzie March 
 
 Cory, Susie. May 
 
 Cosgrave, George June 
 
 Cotter, Richard G May 
 
 1887. 
 1876. 
 1887. 
 1889. 
 1887. 
 1875. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1871. 
 1870. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1867. 
 1887. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1864. 
 1867. 
 1888. 
 1884. 
 1867. 
 1882. 
 1888. 
 1878. 
 1882. 
 1888. 
 1870. 
 1883. 
 1875. 
 1885. 
 1863. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1871. 
 1885. 
 1882. 
 1889. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1868. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1886. 
 1874. 
 1884. 
 1889. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 133 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Cottle, Fannie A May 
 
 Cottle, Lizzie C May 
 
 Cottle, Mary A March 
 
 Coughlin, Mamie A... December 
 
 Courter, Henry F March 
 
 Cowden, Nina December 
 
 Cowie, Anna B March 
 
 Cox, Livia M .December 
 
 Cox, Maggie ...May 
 
 Coyle, Ida M May 
 
 Cozzens, Kate May 
 
 Crain, Delia May 
 
 Crew, Lizzie B. December 
 
 Crichton, Florence ...December 
 
 Crichton, Lottie E May 
 
 Crittenden, Lillian A May. 
 
 Crittenden, May S .May 
 
 Crittenden, Nellie ..May 
 
 Crofton, Jennie A December 
 
 Cross, Lilian A .December 
 
 Crough, Daniel .March 
 
 Crowley, Julia A May 
 
 Crumry, Alice A.. .March 
 
 Cummings, Clara A May 
 
 Cunningham, lone M. . December 
 
 Currah, John M .May 
 
 Currier, Adeline S. -- .May 
 
 Curtis, Mary E._ .December 
 
 Daingerfield, Lida P .May 
 
 Daly, Mary R .May 
 
 Danielewicz, Emma May 
 
 Daniels, Celia May 
 
 Daniels, Fannie A May 
 
 Daubenbis, Julia December 
 
 Davies, Abbie A March 
 
 Davis, Addie A March 
 
 Davis, Amy A June 
 
 Davis, Emma E. ..May 
 
 Davis, Kate M._ May 
 
 Davis, Lizzie December 
 
 Davis, Nathaniel W March 
 
 Davis, Rachael M. May 
 
 Davis, Sadie December 
 
 Day, Frances A .May 
 
 Day, Frances M .March 
 
 Day, Jane 0. - May 
 
 Day, Mariana ..May 
 
 Day, Nellie B December 
 
 Deacon, Lizzie December 
 
 Deal, Effie M December 
 
 Deal, Virgia V. December 
 
 10 
 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1871. 
 1887. 
 1876. 
 1887. 
 1875. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1878. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1880. 
 1868. 
 1879. 
 1882. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1877. 
 1886. 
 1874. 
 1864. 
 1884. 
 1869. 
 1878. 
 1883. 
 1881. 
 
 1887. 
 1878. 
 1884. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1889. 
 1880. 
 1887. 
 1887. 
 1876. 
 1888. 
 1864. 
 1868. 
 1874. 
 1864. 
 1882. 
 1887. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1887. 
 
 De Lamater, G. May. -December 
 
 De Lamater, Jessie N June 
 
 Denny, Willi elmina .. December 
 
 Denton, Josephine May 
 
 De Saisset, Henrietta M. ...May 
 
 Desimone, Josephine May 
 
 Desmond, Maggie ...May 
 
 Devine, Katie C December 
 
 Devlin, Kate L December 
 
 De Zaldo, Mary E May 
 
 Dickey, Emma J.. May 
 
 Dimon, Ella Jean June 
 
 Dixon, Alfred March 
 
 Dixon, Bessie March 
 
 Dodge, Adelaide L._ ..May 
 
 Donnelly, Carrie F December 
 
 Donovan, Julia A May 
 
 Dorn, S. Henrietta ..May 
 
 Dornberger, Albert L.. December 
 Dornberger, Victor ...December 
 
 Doud, Nettie December 
 
 Dougherty, Alice H. _ June 
 
 Dowling, Anna H December 
 
 Downey, Kate ..May 
 
 Downing, Annie December 
 
 Downs, Blanche L._ March 
 
 Doyle, Carolyn B December 
 
 Doyle, Katie A May 
 
 Doyle, Mary I. ...March 
 
 Doyle, Mary T._ May 
 
 Dranga, Inanda L. May 
 
 Dudley, Lucy J May 
 
 Duncan, Belle ...May 
 
 Duncan, George F December 
 
 Duncan, Laura May 
 
 Duncan, Lillie December 
 
 Duncan, Luella A May 
 
 Dunn, Susie M May 
 
 Durham, Melvina I. ..December 
 
 Durkee, Annie E May 
 
 Eames, Roscoe L. November 
 
 Easter, Mary P May 
 
 Easterday, Sarah F May 
 
 Eastman, Augusta R. March 
 
 Edgerton, Charles L .May 
 
 Edmonds, Thomas... May 
 
 Eley, Zader _ December 
 
 Ellerhorst, Henrietta T. Dec. 
 
 Elliott, D. Carter December. 
 
 Erkson, Louisa A May 
 
 Estabrook, Hattie J.. June 
 
 1887. 
 1889. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1880. 
 1880. 
 1878. 
 1888. 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1889. 
 1876. 
 1872. 
 1880. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1878. 
 1885. 
 1885. 
 1865. 
 1889. 
 1884. 
 1878. 
 1884. 
 1877. 
 1888. 
 1884. 
 1871. 
 1884. 
 1882. 
 1878. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1887. 
 1867. 
 1884. 
 1878. 
 1870. 
 1888. 
 1879. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1887. 
 1882. 
 1867. 
 
134 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates— Continued. 
 
 Estabrook, Mary A. H .Dec, 1865. 
 
 Estill, Lavinia May, 1880. 
 
 Evans, Cicero P. - -.May, 1883. 
 
 Everett, Rose A. May, 1880. 
 
 Fagg, Bell J. March, 1875. 
 
 Fairchild, Carrie S March, 1876. 
 
 Fairlee, E. Belle May, 1883. 
 
 Falconer, Nettie May, 1887. 
 
 Farley, Cornelia M. May, 1882. 
 
 Farmer, M. Fannie. March, 1875. 
 
 Farnham, Charles E March, 1875. 
 
 Farnsworth, Julia B .March, 1875. 
 
 Farrell, Margaret R. May, 1879. 
 
 Featherly, Henrietta. June, 1867. 
 
 Feely, Frances A --May, 1887. 
 
 Felker, Allie M May, 1884. 
 
 Ferry, Ella A.... May, 1885. 
 
 Field, Carrie P .December, 1864. 
 
 Field, Mabel J December, 1886. 
 
 Field, Sarah .May, 1868. 
 
 Finch, Minnie B.. May, 1887. 
 
 Fink, P. Augusta. ..May, 1863. 
 
 Finley, Sallie. May, 1878. 
 
 Finnie, Belle J May, 1880. 
 
 Finnie, Mary R May, 1880. 
 
 *Fisher, Augustus W May, 1884. 
 
 Fisk, Annie C .May, 1882. 
 
 Fisk, Julia A March, 1872. 
 
 Fitzwater, M. Cornett. December, 1888. 
 
 Fletcher, Annie A March, 1871. 
 
 Flint, Almira T June, 1866. 
 
 Foley, Kate J December, 1888. 
 
 Foss, William F. F March, 1873. 
 
 Fowler, Bessie May, 1888. 
 
 Fowler, Fannie A June, 1889. 
 
 Fowzer, Annie R May, 1878. 
 
 Franklin, Benjamin H March, 1876. 
 
 Frazier, Annie L. December, 18S6. 
 
 Freyschlag, Norma May, 1884. 
 
 Frisbie, Phoebe A.. March, 1872. 
 
 Frissell, Sarah E December, 1865. 
 
 Fuller, Lena B._ May, 1880. 
 
 Gaddis, Anna D June, 1867. 
 
 Gafney, Mamie A. June, 1889. 
 
 Gage, Marine May, 1885. 
 
 Gairaud, Josephine A May, 1885. 
 
 Galindo, Minnie G May, 1885. 
 
 Galinger, Emily E December, 1887. 
 
 Gallagher, Addie D May, 1879. 
 
 Gallimore, Susie December, 1886. 
 
 Galloway, Florence.- -December, 1885. 
 
 * Diploma revoked June 24, 1889. 
 
 Gardner, Carrie M. ...December 
 
 Gardner, Maggie ...March 
 
 Gargan, Theresa V June 
 
 Garland, Abbie A March 
 
 Garner, Sadie V. .May 
 
 Garrison, Gazena A .June 
 
 Gartelman, Kate M May 
 
 Geary, Lawrence J. May 
 
 Gee, Mary A June 
 
 Geer, Emily F. ..March 
 
 George, Laura .May 
 
 Germain, Clara June 
 
 Gesford, Henry C March 
 
 Gibbons, Anna June- 
 Gibbons, Bessie E May 
 
 Gibson, Anna A March 
 
 Gibson, Ida M May 
 
 Gibson, Olive E .May 
 
 Gillespie, Agnes B May 
 
 Gillespie, Agnes R May 
 
 Gillespie, Cora E December 
 
 Gillespie, Margaret G ..May 
 
 Gillooly, May C December 
 
 Gilmor, Harriet N March 
 
 Gilmore, Susie M May 
 
 Gilmour, Rachel S._ May 
 
 Gingery, Mandilla .May 
 
 Girdner, G. Annie December 
 
 Girvin, Minnie .December 
 
 Givens, Lou .May 
 
 Gleason, Charlotte Z.. December 
 
 Gleason, Isabel S December 
 
 Goble, Lewis .December 
 
 Goldsmith, Mary .May 
 
 Goodcell, Henry March 
 
 Gordon, George A May 
 
 Gordon, Georgia A May 
 
 Gordon, Mary Q May 
 
 Gosbey , Stella M. May. 
 
 Gould, Marietta J May 
 
 Gove, Lilla B May 
 
 Gower, Hattie F May 
 
 Graebe, Mattie December 
 
 Graffelnian, Loleta. March 
 
 Graham, Frank M .May 
 
 Graham, James W December 
 
 Graham, Margaret December 
 
 Granger, Edith A May 
 
 Granicher, Martha ... December 
 
 Grant, Ellen May 
 
 Gray, Albert M May 
 
 1884. 
 1876. 
 1889. 
 1870. 
 1888. 
 1866. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1871. 
 1883. 
 1867. 
 1876. 
 1865. 
 1885. 
 1870. 
 1882. 
 1879. 
 1888. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1883. 
 1886. 
 1875. 
 1883. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1864. 
 1878. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1885. 
 1864. 
 1873. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1882.' 
 1888. 
 1869. 
 1879. 
 1882. 
 1882. 
 1870. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1885. 
 1886. 
 1882. 
 1864. 
 1886. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 135 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Gray, Anna L.. - -June, 1867. 
 
 Gray, Ida .December, 1887. 
 
 Gray, Minnie — May, 1886. 
 
 Gray, Walter. December, 1888. 
 
 Green, Ishmael March, 1877. 
 
 Green, Jennie L. May, 1883. 
 
 Green, Katie ...March, 1870. 
 
 Green. Mary B.. May, 1884. 
 
 Green, Nettie A May, 1883. 
 
 Greene, Ada M December, 1885. 
 
 Greenwell, Wm. M December, 1888. 
 
 Greer, Jane E .December, 1865. 
 
 Greer, Mary L ..March, 1870. 
 
 Gregory, Clara L ...May, 1882. 
 
 Greiersen, Francisca May, 1885. 
 
 Griffin, Eva F December, 1888. 
 
 Griffin, A. May. May, 1886. 
 
 Griffin, Patrick H May, 1882. 
 
 Griffiths, Emma May, 1880. 
 
 Grigsby, Florence March, 1874. 
 
 Griswold, M. Edith June, 1889. 
 
 Grogan, Annie E May, 1869. 
 
 Grove, E. Louise December, 1885. 
 
 Grubbs, Oscar H December, 1888. 
 
 Grubs, Clara M May, 1883. 
 
 Grummet, Isabel .May, 1886. 
 
 Guild, Pacific March, 1874. 
 
 Gummer, Lillie E. .June, 1866. 
 
 Guppy, Florence May, 1887. 
 
 Guppy, Ruth May, 1880. 
 
 Haas, Annie E March, 1870. 
 
 Haile, Mrs. Cornelia March, 1877. 
 
 Haile, Harriet E.. May, 1879. 
 
 Hall, Anna May, 1868. 
 
 Hall, Annie J December, 1888. 
 
 Hall, Bertha M May, 1888. 
 
 Hall, Fannie May, 1886. 
 
 Hall, Ida L —May, 1882. 
 
 Hall, Ida S. May, 1882. 
 
 Hall, Mary E December, 1865. 
 
 Hall, Sallie L May, 1868. 
 
 Hamilton, Agnes S — May, 1886. 
 
 Hamilton, Susie R May, 1878. 
 
 Hammond, S. Estelle March, 1874. 
 
 Hammond, Hulda A March, 1874. 
 
 Hammond, Jennie M May, 1878. 
 
 Hammond, Josiah S May, 1868. 
 
 Hampton, Sallie B._ May, 1888. 
 
 Handly, Sarah C .December, 1885. 
 
 Hanscom, Nathan C March, 1875. 
 
 Hanscom, Si L May, 1879. 
 
 Hanson, Margaret A... December, 1886. 
 
 Hanson, Mildred December, 1884. 
 
 Hardman, Deborah W— March, 1870. 
 
 Hardy, George H ...March, 1871. 
 
 Harrigan, Josephine May, 1880. 
 
 Harriman, Mary G December, 1884. 
 
 Harrington , J ulia May, 1883. 
 
 Harris, S. Adelaide December, 1886. 
 
 Harris, Dora B March, 1873. 
 
 Harris, Emily May, 1884. 
 
 Harris, Lillie .May, 1885. 
 
 Hart, Mary T June, 1867. 
 
 Hart, Nellie -May, 1863. 
 
 Harte, M. Frances. June, 1889. 
 
 Hartman, Kate May, 1884. 
 
 Harvey, Ella M. ...June, 1867. 
 
 Harvey, Susie H December, 1887. 
 
 Haskell, Nellie M May, 1878. 
 
 Hasty, Eva -May, 1884. 
 
 Hatch, Lida E.F December, 1886. 
 
 Hauck, Julia L.. March, 1875. 
 
 Hawkins, M. Texana.December, 1888. 
 Hawxhurst, Theodosia M... May, 1885. 
 
 Hayburn, Annie M May, 1869. 
 
 Hayes, Gertrude I June, 1889. 
 
 Hayford, Zilpha December, 1883. 
 
 Hays, Florence M -May, 1886. 
 
 Healey, Mary E December, 1887. 
 
 Heath, Alice M March, 1875. 
 
 Heintz, Ella C June, 1889. 
 
 Henderson, Janet M ..May, 1878. 
 
 Henderson, Margaret Dec, 1887. 
 
 Henderson, Margaret P May, 1879. 
 
 Henderson, Mary A -May, 1882. 
 
 Henderson, Mary J March, 1870. 
 
 Hendrix, Mary E March, 1873. 
 
 Heney, Julia. May, 1868. 
 
 Henion, Mae E May, 1878. 
 
 Henn, Carrie M March, 1874. 
 
 Henning, David F ..March, 1875. 
 
 Hennings, Annie C. ..December, 1884. 
 
 Henry, Agnes G ...May, 1885. 
 
 Henry, Cecelia M. December, 1887. 
 
 Henry, Kate May, 1882. 
 
 Henry, Katie L December, 1884. 
 
 Henry, Maggie R ...May, 1880. 
 
 Henry, Nellie May, 1881. 
 
 Herbert, Frank H December, 1886. 
 
 Herbert, Susie F May, 1888. 
 
 Herndon, Stella M May, 1885. 
 
 Herrington, Bertram A Dec, 1887. 
 
136 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Herrington, Rachel H May 
 
 Herrmann, Etta E December 
 
 Herrod, John May 
 
 Herrod, William March 
 
 Hetfield, Anne December 
 
 Hetty, Lucy D December 
 
 Heydenfelt, Mary G._ June 
 
 Hickman, M. Sue December 
 
 Higgins, Belle F June 
 
 Higgins, Eliza F. December 
 
 Hill, Carrie May 
 
 Hillebrant, Lavinia - May 
 
 Hillman, Evaline C... May 
 
 Hilton, Delia C May 
 
 Hilton, Emily H March 
 
 Hines, Robertine B May 
 
 Hinshaw, Amanda ...December 
 
 Hitchcock, Erastus K .May 
 
 Hite, Fannie M May 
 
 Hixon, George C March 
 
 Hobart, Addie K May 
 
 Hobson, Sarah P ...May 
 
 Hodge, Alice J May 
 
 Hodge, Helen F May 
 
 Hodges, Charles M December 
 
 Holden, M. Genevieve June 
 
 Holland, Sarah E May 
 
 Hollenbeck, Minnie B. ...March 
 Hollingsworth, Thompson.. Dec. 
 
 Hollron, Minnie F March 
 
 Holmes, Annie M. June 
 
 Holmes, John M May 
 
 Holmes, Mary E. December 
 
 Holyer, Mrs. S. E. December 
 
 Hothersall, George J. .December 
 
 Howard, Jennie F .May 
 
 Howard, Kate F May 
 
 Howard, Maggie November 
 
 Howard, Millie S. March 
 
 Howe, Alvin J March 
 
 Howell, S. Marion ... June 
 
 Howes, Lucy A May 
 
 Hoyt, M. Jennie.. March 
 
 Hudson, Myrtie C... May 
 
 Huffher, Mary J. May 
 
 Hughes, Annie June 
 
 Hughes, John C. May 
 
 Humphrey, Alice L May 
 
 Humphrey, Ervin D June 
 
 Humphrey, Ida G May 
 
 Hunt, Byron E November 
 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1880. 
 1877. 
 1884. 
 1883. 
 1867. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1883. 
 1882. 
 1882. 
 1880. 
 1879. 
 1872. 
 1879. 
 1887. 
 1882. 
 1887. 
 1872. 
 1878. 
 1879. 
 1884. 
 1886. 
 1883. 
 
 1875. 
 1884. 
 1876. 
 1866. 
 1886. 
 1886. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1880. 
 1886. 
 1867. 
 1875. 
 1870. 
 1889. 
 1886. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1881. 
 1889. 
 1887. 
 1879. 
 1866. 
 1882. 
 1867. 
 
 Hunt, Mattie F December, 1882. 
 
 Huntington, Nellie R May, 1881. 
 
 Hunziker, Flora -May, 1886. 
 
 Hyatt, Minnie M. May, 1886. 
 
 Hyde, Mary E December, 1888. 
 
 Ingemundsen, I. Mania May, 1886. 
 
 Intermille, Rosina March, 1875. 
 
 Irish, EllaM May, 1879. 
 
 Irving, Jessie May, 1885. 
 
 Isbister, Hattie E December, 1887. 
 
 Jacks, Fannie R- ...May, 1868. 
 
 Jackson, Ella A. March, 1874. 
 
 Jackson, Etta H. December, 1884. 
 
 Jackson, Kate M -May, 1880. 
 
 Jaeger, Helena L -June, 1889. 
 
 Jarvis, Ollie - June, 1889. 
 
 Jepsen, Esther E. A. May, 1887. 
 
 Jewell, W. Jerome .- March, 1874. 
 
 Jewett, Annie S. May, 1864. 
 
 Jewett, Lizzie B- -May, 1864. 
 
 Johnson, Mrs. Edith May, 1887. 
 
 Johnson, Isabelle March, 1874. 
 
 Johnson, Kate E. May, 1883. 
 
 Johnson, Samuel E ..March, 1874. 
 
 Johnston, Lizzie M May, 1887. 
 
 Johnston, Marie --May, 1886. 
 
 Johnston, I. Petra December, 1883. 
 
 Joice, Amelia May, 1868. 
 
 Jones, Absalom T. May, 1869. 
 
 Jones, Edward W May, 1868. 
 
 Jones, Frances H. December, 1886. 
 
 Jones, Ida M May, 1883. 
 
 Jones, Jennie L May, 1888. 
 
 Jones, Lena C May, 1886. 
 
 Jones, Maggie - ..June, 1889. 
 
 Jones, Mary L.. --May, 1883. 
 
 Jones, Nellie R March, 1875. 
 
 Jordan, Maggie L. ..June, 1865. 
 
 Jordan, William E May, 1882. 
 
 Joslin, Alice L ....May, 1887. 
 
 Joslin, Minnie R. December, 1887. 
 
 Jourden, Annie M. June, 1865. 
 
 Judson, Lizzie P. December, 1883. 
 
 Julien, Lillian M December, 1888. 
 
 Jury, John G... June, 1889. 
 
 Kaufman, M. Winona May, 1888. 
 
 Keating, Hattie M December, 1883. 
 
 Keaton, Lizzie December, 1885. 
 
 Keaton, Nellie -May, 1883. 
 
 Keefer, Sallie E March, 1874. 
 
 Keel, Laura B December, 1887. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 137 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Keely, Lucy V.- May 
 
 Keenan, Lizzie May 
 
 Keller, Lizzie F March 
 
 Keller, Mollie J. June 
 
 Kelley, Ada V May 
 
 Kelley, Eulalie. May 
 
 Kellogg, Charles M. May 
 
 Kelly, Ella December 
 
 Kelly, James B May 
 
 Kelly, Mamie C December 
 
 Kelly, Mary R .May 
 
 Kelsey, Erne J.. ...May 
 
 Kelsey, Lucina H May 
 
 Kelsey, Mary E .May 
 
 Kelso, Iantha A .May 
 
 Kelsoe, Luella March 
 
 Kennedy, Anna December 
 
 Kenned y, James G June 
 
 Kennedy, Joseph F. .. December 
 
 Kennedy, May. May 
 
 Kennedy, May E December 
 
 Kennedy, Rebecca F May 
 
 Kennedy, Thomas E. March 
 
 Kent, Adah E ...May 
 
 Kent, Maggie May 
 
 Ketcham, Ariadne G March 
 
 Kimball, Ariadne L _May 
 
 King, Anna A May 
 
 King, Mrs. Mary A January 
 
 King, Mary E March 
 
 Kingdom, Henrietta E. Dec. 
 
 Kirkwood, William A. May 
 
 Knapp, Martha M May 
 
 Kneedler, Susie E. March 
 
 Knott, Emily F. A.. May 
 
 Knott, Georgie E May 
 
 Knox, Olive M May 
 
 Koenig, Theodore T. May 
 
 Kohler, Annie December 
 
 Kooser, Miriam F December 
 
 Kottinger, Maggie May 
 
 Kratzer, Leila March 
 
 Krauth, M. Augusta May 
 
 Kuhlitz, Mary L ...May 
 
 Kullak, Annie M May 
 
 Lacy.Flora E May 
 
 Lacy, Louisa May 
 
 Ladd, M. Alice May 
 
 Ladd, Leoline C June 
 
 La Grange, Anna May 
 
 Lake, Lulu May 
 
 1886. 
 1877. 
 1889. 
 1886. 
 1882. 
 1878. 
 1883. 
 1881. 
 1887. 
 1878. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1878. 
 1873. 
 1864. 
 1867. 
 1865. 
 1884. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1872. 
 1879. 
 1878. 
 1874. 
 1864. 
 1883. 
 1880. 
 1871. 
 1884. 
 1882. 
 1880. 
 1874. 
 1885. 
 1883. 
 1887. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1873. 
 1864. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1885. 
 1869. 
 1883. 
 1889. 
 1868. 
 1882. 
 
 Lane, Frank M May, It 
 
 Larkey, George E May, 1883 
 
 Lasater, Alice M.. May, 1887 
 
 Lathwesen, Louis J Ma}', 1886 
 
 Lawless, Martha A November, 1867 
 
 Lawrey, Beatrice M... May, 1868 
 
 Lawson, Karen M .May, 1883 
 
 Lawson, Martin H May, 1886 
 
 Lawton, Susie S May, 1868 
 
 Leahy, Mary A. C March, 1875 
 
 Learned, Ella M -May, 1887 
 
 Lee, Carrie E June, 1889 
 
 Lee, Cora A December, 1886 
 
 Leggett, Elizabeth ....May, 1882 
 
 Lehnig, Lydia A -May, 1882. 
 
 Leimbach, Edith -May, 1887 
 
 Leimbach, Mabel M -May, 1887 
 
 Leland, Anna L June, 1889 
 
 Leonard, Grace E May, 1881 
 
 Leonard, Nettie J May, 1888 
 
 Lewis, Annie H -May, 1868 
 
 Lewis, Cloelia M -June, 1867 
 
 Lewis, Ella. .May, 1878 
 
 Lewis, Mary March, 1875 
 
 Lindberg, Emily U May, 1869, 
 
 Litchfield, Sophie E May, 1887 
 
 Little, David F March, 1875 
 
 Little, Mary May, 1868 
 
 Littlefield, Nellie A June, 1865 
 
 Livingston, Malsie V ..May, It 
 
 Locke, Ada ...March, 1876 
 
 Locke, Hattie B June, 1867 
 
 Locke,lda May, 1881 
 
 Locke, Nathaniel H May, 1880. 
 
 Locke, Sarah A. J ...May, 1880 
 
 Locke, William W ...May, 1885 
 
 Lords, Ella -May, 1882 
 
 Lorigan, Minnie E December, 1885 
 
 Loucks, Annie May, 1878 
 
 Loucks, Lizzie M December, 1887 
 
 Louttit, J. Alexander.. December, 1865 
 
 Love, M. Lily May, It 
 
 Low, Fannie May, 1883 
 
 Lowden, Maggie May, It 
 
 Lucy, Addie M June, 1889 
 
 Lynch, Mary E May, 1886. 
 
 Lyon, William I. H.... May, 1878 
 
 Lyons, Fanny S December, 1885 
 
 MacGowan, Kitty C - May, 1887 
 
 Machefert, Stella L May, It 
 
 Mackay, Minnie L June, 1889 
 
138 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Mackenzie, Helen C-~ May, 1887. 
 
 Mackie, Clara A May, 1869. 
 
 MacKinnon, Lizzie June, 1889. 
 
 Madden, Ada F... May, 1888. 
 
 Madden, Mary A. L May, 1878. 
 
 Magoon, William N May, 1868. 
 
 Maguire, Louise.-- -March, 1871. 
 
 Mahoney, Daniel December, 1883. 
 
 Mahonej'', Lizzie T December, 1882. 
 
 Mails, Louisa A. May, 1863. 
 
 Maison, Amelia L May, 1868. 
 
 Malloy, Nellie May, 1888. 
 
 Manchester, Julia A May, 1886. 
 
 Mandeville, Kate May, 1882. 
 
 Mangrum, R. Jennie. .June, 1889. 
 
 Mann, Jennie S May, 1869. 
 
 Mansfield, May E December, 1886. 
 
 Mantz, Robert W May, 1880. 
 
 Manuel, Cora J May, 1887. 
 
 Marbut, Nora J. December, 1888. 
 
 March, Clara A ...June, 1889. 
 
 Markham, Charles E March, 1872. 
 
 Martin, Abbie L May, 1884. 
 
 Martin, BertS May,1888. 
 
 Martin, Edith J March, 1874. 
 
 Martin, Ella E May, 1880. 
 
 Martin, Emma T June, 1889. 
 
 Martin, George W May, 1885. 
 
 Martin, Hattie V .December, 1884. 
 
 Martin, John W ....May, 1881. 
 
 Martin, Julia F March, 1873. 
 
 Martin, Kate March, 1875. 
 
 Martin, Sarah A .December, 1883. 
 
 Marvin, Adella.. ..March, 1870. 
 
 Mason, Wilton M December, 1887. 
 
 Matlock, Nannie T December, 1888. 
 
 Matson, Fannie L. May, 1887. 
 
 Matthews, Mary March, 1870. 
 
 Matthis, Lottie J December, 1884. 
 
 Maxey, Millie F May, 1888. 
 
 May, Isabel ...March, 1875. 
 
 Mayne, Bessie J ..December, 1883. 
 
 McAllister, Bessie May, 1888. 
 
 McBride, Henry E. . ..December, 1864. 
 
 McCabe, Ella . — ..January, 1882. 
 
 McCann, Margaret E May, 1879. 
 
 McCarthy, Jennie G.-.December, 1884. 
 
 McCarthy, Kate .December, 1883. 
 
 McCauley, Annie F May, 1887. 
 
 McColgan, Kate F — . May, 1869. 
 
 McCollam, Lizzie -May, 1868. 
 
 McCowan, Blanche .March, 1877. 
 
 McDonald, Mary A May, 1880. 
 
 McDonnell, Kate March, 1876. 
 
 McDonnell, Mary A March, 1875. 
 
 McDougall, Alice S May, 1881. 
 
 McDougall, Mary S May, 1881. 
 
 McElwee, Kate G December, 1884. 
 
 McFarland, S. Ellen .. December, 1888. 
 
 McFarland, Flora A -May, 1882. 
 
 McGivern, Kate A. ...December, 1884. 
 McGrath, Thomas J.. .December, 1884. 
 
 McHarry, Mary December, 1883. 
 
 Mcintosh, Margaret E Dec, 1884. 
 
 McJunkin, Alice M June, 1889. 
 
 McKay, Amelia G May, 1887. 
 
 McKay, Mabel N December, 1886. 
 
 McKean, A. Bronson .June, 1889. 
 
 McKean, Annie M March, 1870. 
 
 McKean, Fannie L December, 1885. 
 
 McKean, Lottie. May, 1868. 
 
 McKee, Abbie May, 1883. 
 
 McKenney, Adah M._ May, 1888. 
 
 McKenzie, Dora C -May, 1886. 
 
 McKenzie, Lizzie A May, 1880. 
 
 McLean, Mary E May, 1882. 
 
 McLellan, M. Grace-. -December, 1888. 
 
 McLeran, Charlotte C. May, 1879. 
 
 McLeran, Mollie December, 1885. 
 
 McMullan, Susan March, 1876. 
 
 McMullin, Belle ...May, 1887. 
 
 McNaughton, C. D.___ November, 1867. 
 
 McPherson, Florence E Dec, 1888. 
 
 McPherson, Helen May, 1868. 
 
 McPhillips, Annie E January, 1880. 
 
 McTigue, Carrie A May, 1882. 
 
 Mc Williams, Jennie A May, 1887. 
 
 Mead, Emmeline R -March, 1874. 
 
 Meek, Mary E May, 1882. 
 
 Megerle, Lisetta May, 1878. 
 
 Megerle, Louis J. December, 1865. 
 
 Meily, Albion S May, 1884. 
 
 Mellen, Carrie M December, 1886. 
 
 Menges, Caroline A — June, 1865. 
 
 Merritt, George W... May, 1879. 
 
 Merritt, Isabel. March, 1873. 
 
 Merritt, Mary March, 1873. 
 
 Mertes, M. Augusta.. -May, 1882. 
 
 Merwin, E. Belle ..- May, 1879. 
 
 Metcalf, E. Louesa. ...May, 1883. 
 
 Metcalf, Mary F. June, 1866. 
 
 Meyer, Amelia E December, 1887. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 139 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Miles, EllaG. - May 
 
 Miles, Lula June 
 
 Miller, Mrs. Amanda March 
 
 Miller, Charles N March 
 
 Miller, Ida P. May 
 
 Miller, Lillie J May 
 
 Miller, S. Lizzie May 
 
 Miller, Sarah E._ June 
 
 Millett, Clara B May 
 
 Mills, Charles N. December 
 
 Mills, Christenie E May 
 
 Mills, Ella A December 
 
 Mills, Lizzie T ..May 
 
 Mills, Sophronia. June 
 
 Miner, Alida- ..May 
 
 Mitchell, Katie March 
 
 Mize, Albert W -May 
 
 Monaghan, Lizzie C. ..December 
 Montgomery, Alberta S... March 
 
 Montgomery, M. Kate May 
 
 Moody, Eva M May 
 
 Mooney, Fannie December 
 
 Mooney, Mary T December, 
 
 Moore, Alice ...May 
 
 Moore, Lulu L ..March 
 
 Moore, Matilda M. E March 
 
 Moore, Susie D. March 
 
 Moore, Kate ..March 
 
 Morey, Sabia E March 
 
 Morgan, Florence June 
 
 Morgan, Lizzie A June 
 
 Morgan, Mary E. May 
 
 Morgan, Mary J.. .June 
 
 Morgan, llose E. _ March 
 
 Morrell, Lizzie M May 
 
 Morrison, Bertha C. .. December 
 
 Morrison, Mattie C December 
 
 Mott, Ellita. ...December 
 
 Mott, Mary ...May 
 
 Moulthrop, Mary S June 
 
 Muir, Mary M May 
 
 Mullen, Katie L._ December 
 
 Mumford, Mrs. Maria E.. March 
 
 Murch, Clara May 
 
 Murch, Lila.. March 
 
 Murdoch, Grace R May 
 
 Murdoch, Maria E._ March 
 
 Murdock, Ella H .March 
 
 Murphy, Anna C May 
 
 Murphy, Anna L May 
 
 Murphy Annie L .March 
 
 1884. 
 1889. 
 1874. 
 1874. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1882. 
 1866. 
 1869. 
 1884. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1881. 
 1865. 
 1878. 
 1876. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1870. 
 1884. 
 1888. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1881. 
 1877. 
 1871. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1875. 
 1865. 
 1866. 
 1883. 
 1866. 
 1875. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1886. 
 1866. 
 1879. 
 1887. 
 1874. 
 1878. 
 1876. 
 1879. 
 1874. 
 1873. 
 1883. 
 1886. 
 1874. 
 
 Murphy, Ella F May 
 
 Murphy, Isabella M March 
 
 Murphy, Mary S December 
 
 Murray, Frances December 
 
 Murray, Mamey December 
 
 Murray, Nettie M December 
 
 Murray, William H... December 
 
 Mutschlechner, Mary June 
 
 Neary, Annie J March 
 
 Neel, Callie F._ December 
 
 Nelson, Lucy S May 
 
 Neuebaumer, Mary T May 
 
 Newcum, William A._ May 
 
 Newell, Lizzie A.. June 
 
 Nicholl, Aggie B. December 
 
 Nichols, Edith H ...May 
 
 Nichols, Emnie H._ June 
 
 Nichols, Etta E December 
 
 Nichols, Fannie A. E .June 
 
 Nichols, Ida C May 
 
 Nicholson, Annie M... December 
 
 North cutt, Carrie A.. May 
 
 Norton, Mary E December, 
 
 Norton, Mary J May 
 
 Oakley, Bonnie .December. 
 
 O'Brien, Catherine June 
 
 O'Brien, Frances M.. May 
 
 O'Brien, Kate C ...May 
 
 O'Brien, Rosella A... May 
 
 O'Connor, Maria E December 
 
 O'Donnell, Margaret M June 
 
 Ogden, George W ...May 
 
 Ogden, John F December 
 
 Ogil vie, Kittie S May 
 
 O'Hanlon, Fannie , May 
 
 O'Hara, Katie F ...March 
 
 O'Hara, Mary L May 
 
 O'Leary, Kate R.. .March 
 
 Olinger, Abner F June 
 
 Oliver, Carrie E December 
 
 O'Neal, Amy E May 
 
 O'Rourke, Maggie March 
 
 O'Rourke, Mary J. ..May 
 
 Orr, Annie December 
 
 Ortley, Mary L - May 
 
 Osborn, Mary M ...May 
 
 Osgood, Annie E ...May 
 
 Ostrom, Jennie A December 
 
 Ottmer, F. H May 
 
 Overacker, Allie P March 
 
 Overacker, Kate December 
 
 1881. 
 1870. 
 1887. 
 1885. 
 1884. 
 1884. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1875. 
 1884. 
 1878. 
 1885. 
 1879. 
 1867. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1889. 
 1888. 
 1865. 
 1885. 
 1884. 
 1869. 
 1884. 
 1864. 
 1886. 
 1867. 
 1878. 
 1882. 
 1882. 
 1865. 
 1889. 
 1879. 
 1885. 
 1883. 
 1881. 
 1876. 
 1879. 
 1870. 
 1866. 
 1886. 
 1880. 
 1874. 
 1888. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1882. 
 1880. 
 1887. 
 1882. 
 1887. 
 1887. 
 
140 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates— Continued. 
 
 Overfelt, Bessie December, 1883 
 
 Owen, Julia May, 1883 
 
 Owens, Erne December, 1888 
 
 Owens, Nellie M. June, 1867 
 
 Pacey, Mary L. May, 1882 
 
 Page, Nellie May, 1885 
 
 Page, Pauline December, 1888 
 
 Paine, Sumner F May, 1868 
 
 Palmer, Anna M May, 1868 
 
 Parker, Allura B December, 1888 
 
 Parker, Bessie May, 1888 
 
 Parker, Lizzie A May, 1885 
 
 Parker, Olive G May, 1869. 
 
 Parker, Phoebe L May, 1881 
 
 Parker, Willis H May, 1887 
 
 Parks, Myra A May, 1886. 
 
 Parson, Agnes M May, 1884 
 
 Pascoe, Mary J December, 1865 
 
 Pascoe, William March, 1875 
 
 Patterson, Alma. -March, 1877 
 
 Patterson, Laura I May, 1881 
 
 Patterson, Mabel June, 1889 
 
 Patterson, Mattie M... December, 1883 
 
 Patton, Charlotte C May, li 
 
 Patton, Emma L December, li 
 
 Peck, William O May, 1886. 
 
 Peckham, L. Carrie May, 1886. 
 
 Peckham, Lois A -May, 1879, 
 
 Peckham, Martha J March, 1872 
 
 Peckham, Mary A.. March, 1876 
 
 Pelton, Malvina C March, 1871 
 
 Pender, Agnes - May, 1883 
 
 Penniman, Helen N March, 1876 
 
 Penny cook, Annie. May, 1887 
 
 Pepper, Adella. May, 1869 
 
 Perkins, Madge H --May, 1884 
 
 Perkins, Mary -June, 1865 
 
 Perkins, Mary E November, 1867 
 
 Perry, Dora A ..December, 1884 
 
 Perry, Katie A May, 1878 
 
 Pershin, George S June, 1865 
 
 Petray, Henry C May, 1883 
 
 Pettit, Evan T May, 1878 
 
 Phelps, Augusta M March, 1872 
 
 Phelps, Belle December, 1883 
 
 Phelps, Mattie M. December, 1887 
 
 Phillips, Abbie P December, 1886 
 
 Phillips, Leonora E... December, 1888 
 
 Pinkham, Sarah M --May, 1887 
 
 Piper, Frances B June, 1866 
 
 Plank, Susanna P.. March, 1871 
 
 Plumado, Lucy December 
 
 Pollock, Adelaide L... December 
 
 Pond, C. Lillian May 
 
 Post, Mary H. - June 
 
 Pound, Jennie G December 
 
 Powell, David - May 
 
 Powell, Howell Jane 
 
 Powell, Mattie A -June 
 
 Pratt, Elinor D May 
 
 Pratt, Mary E May 
 
 Pratt, Orson M ...May 
 
 Pratt, William F May 
 
 Purdy, Lillian E -May 
 
 Purinton, Edith L .May 
 
 Purinton, Emily N _.May 
 
 Purinton, Lillian E ...June 
 
 Puter, Lawrence F... December 
 
 Quinby, Minerva M March 
 
 Rademacher, Christine May 
 
 Ramer, Wilemina December 
 
 Randall, Rosa March 
 
 Raney, Addie M. C ..May 
 
 Raney, Oren N May 
 
 Raney, Sheldon March 
 
 Rasmussen, Anna M Dec. 
 
 Ray, Georgia.-. May 
 
 Raymond, Elissie H.. May 
 
 Raymund, Kate May 
 
 Rea, Ianthia December 
 
 Redman, Mollie - May 
 
 Redman, Oda December, 
 
 Reed, Wallace W May 
 
 Rees, Josephine D May 
 
 Remmel, Annie L December 
 
 Rennie, Lizzie A .December 
 
 Reynolds, Franke B. May 
 
 Reynolds, H. Grace. .. December 
 
 Rich, Nellie L _ March 
 
 Richards, Cornelia ...May 
 
 Richards, Lenora A May 
 
 Richardson, Ada .May 
 
 Richardson, Anna M. .December. 
 
 Richardson, Clara C .May 
 
 Richardson, Nellie B. -December 
 
 Richmond, Margaret May 
 
 Rickard, Nellie May 
 
 Rickey, Mary H ..May 
 
 Ries, Dora B .March 
 
 Riley, Ella March 
 
 Ringo, Mary Enna May 
 
 Rixon, Chattie K March 
 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1878. 
 1889. 
 1887. 
 1868. 
 1867. 
 1889. 
 1886. 
 1869. 
 1878. 
 1880. 
 1888. 
 1885. 
 1883. 
 1889. 
 1888. 
 1877. 
 1882. 
 1884. 
 1870. 
 1879. 
 1878. 
 1876. 
 1886. 
 1879. 
 1882. 
 1878. 
 1882. 
 1879. 
 
 1881. 
 1888. 
 1884. 
 1882. 
 1886. 
 1877. 
 1888. 
 1883. 
 1882. 
 1886. 
 1878. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1882. 
 1877. 
 1877. 
 1879. 
 1872. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 141 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Rixon, Hannah M May 
 
 Rixon, Minnie A May 
 
 Robb, Meggie L May 
 
 .Robert, Mary C May 
 
 Roberts, Ella A June 
 
 Roberts, Lizzie March 
 
 Robertson, Maggie E.. December 
 
 Robinett, Nellie ..May 
 
 Rockefellow, Dollie E.-December 
 
 Rodden, Mary C March 
 
 Rodgers, Arthur .June 
 
 Eogers, Lucie A. May 
 
 Roney, Ella E .December 
 
 Roney, Louise G May 
 
 Rooker, M. Georgia May 
 
 Root, Ellis J. _ March 
 
 Root, George E March 
 
 Rose, Anthony December 
 
 Ross, Adeline ..June 
 
 Rounds, Ida M June 
 
 Rouse, Marion A ..May 
 
 Rowell, Gertie P ..May 
 
 Royce, Ruth March 
 
 Rucker, Mary E. May 
 
 Rucker, Susie W May 
 
 Ruddock, John C March 
 
 Rumrill, Julia S. December 
 
 Rumrill, Mary. June 
 
 Rumsey, Electra M. ..December 
 
 Russell, Ella L March 
 
 Russell, Mary P.. March 
 
 Ryan, Sadie C._ June 
 
 Said, Ella March 
 
 Salkeld, Libbie. March 
 
 Sally, Mary E... May 
 
 Sanborn, Allan P March 
 
 Sanders, Ella I.. December 
 
 Sanford, Leila December 
 
 Sargent, Lizzie P .March 
 
 Savage, Mary E November. 
 
 Savage, Nellie A.. March 
 
 Sawyer, Mrs. Frances C... March 
 
 Sawyer, Philena December 
 
 Schallenberger, Panny L.._June, 
 Schallenberger, Margaret E.. May 
 
 Schenck, Emma March 
 
 Schilling, LenaB May 
 
 Schnebly, C. Jean May 
 
 Schoen, LillieS May 
 
 Schuck, Kate L May 
 
 Schultzberg, Prances .December 
 
 1880. 
 1882. 
 1886. 
 1884. 
 1867. 
 1873. 
 1884. 
 1869. 
 1886. 
 1876. 
 1866. 
 1882. 
 1882. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1875. 
 1877. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1889. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1886. 
 1871. 
 1885. 
 1889. 
 1884. 
 1871. 
 1876. 
 1889. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 1878. 
 1877. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1875. 
 1867. 
 1870. 
 1876. 
 1864. 
 1889. 
 1880. 
 1875. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1882. 
 1881. 
 
 Schutte, Daisy C. May, 1885. 
 
 Scott, Minnie ..May, 1864. 
 
 Scudamore, Lora. May, 1887. 
 
 Sears, Marion H November, 1867. 
 
 Sears, William A ...May, 1882. 
 
 Seavy, Minnie May, 1878. 
 
 Sell, Laura F May, 1881. 
 
 Selling, Nathalie A March, 1877. 
 
 Senter, Kate December, 1883. 
 
 Senter, Maggie M May, 1880. 
 
 Sexton, Kate May, 1883. 
 
 Sharp, James M. .March, 1871. 
 
 Sharp, Mabel E May, 1888. 
 
 Sharpe, Nettie C. December, 1885. 
 
 Shaw, Glara E._ December, 1885. 
 
 Shaw, Jeannette May, 1882. 
 
 Shaw, Sebastian ..March, 1876. 
 
 Sheats, Addie May, 1882. 
 
 Sheats, Arthur R May, 1883. 
 
 Shelley, Troy --May, 1868. 
 
 Sherman, Ella I. ..March, 1871. 
 
 Sherman, Fannie A March, 1870. 
 
 Sherman, Jennie R ...June, 1889. 
 
 Shine, Nellie May, 1884. 
 
 Shipley, John C .June, 1867. 
 
 Shirley, James W March, 1875. 
 
 Short, Fannie E May, 1888. 
 
 Shuey, Sarah I March, 1870. 
 
 Shumate, Albert E December, 1887. 
 
 Sickal, Marcus T .March, 1871. 
 
 Siddons, Kate March, 1877. 
 
 Simmons, Frances E.. May, 1878. 
 
 Simmons, Mary A --May, 1886. 
 
 Simon, Frances June, 1866. 
 
 Simpson , Cora A - - May , 1880. 
 
 Sims, M. Kittie December, 1887. 
 
 Sinclair, Lizzie May, 1887. 
 
 Sinnott, Delia E. December, 1887. 
 
 Sinnott, Grace May May, 1880. 
 
 Sinnott, Richard J May, 1883. 
 
 Slater, Henrietta S November, 1867. 
 
 Sledge, Winnie S December, 1885. 
 
 Smith, Edith C ..May, 1883. 
 
 Smith, Flora B December, 1888. 
 
 Smith, Flora C June, 1867. 
 
 Smith, Grace June, 1867. 
 
 Smith, Jane May, 1864. 
 
 Smith, John A May, 1868. 
 
 Smith, M. Louise May, 1883. 
 
 Smith, Maggie E --May, 1869. 
 
 Smith, Mary --May, 1868. 
 
142 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Smith, Mary S.. May, 
 
 Smith, Sara J May, 
 
 Smoote, Edith S December, 
 
 Smullen, Annie M May, 
 
 Snedaker, Eunice I March, 
 
 Snell, Mary E December, 
 
 Snodgrass, David S December, 
 
 Snook, S. Helen -December, 
 
 Snook, Jennie May, 
 
 Snow, Alice B. March, 
 
 Snow, Delia R March, 
 
 Snowden, Florence May, 
 
 Soder strom, Hilda ...May, 
 
 Solomon, Esther _ May, 
 
 Solomon, Eve May, 
 
 Somers, Carrie December, 
 
 Somers, Cora -May, 
 
 Soul6, Fannie June, 
 
 Soule, Maria L June, 
 
 Spafford, Adelaide C. --December, 
 
 Spafford, Helen E December, 
 
 Spatz, Agnes A December, 
 
 Spencer, Ella V May, 
 
 Spinks, Edward L June, 
 
 Sprague, Josie E March, 
 
 Spring, Alida G -June, 
 
 Sprott, Maggie March, 
 
 Squier, Heman G December, 
 
 Stackpole, Georgie A May, 
 
 Stansbury, Ella E May, 
 
 Staples, Elizabeth May, 
 
 Starling, Ella D..- ...May, 
 
 Starr, Nellie M March, 
 
 Steane, Gertrude December, 
 
 Steele, George M June, 
 
 Stegman, Mattie H May, 
 
 Stenger, Maggie L. May, 
 
 Stephens, Emma M.- May, 
 
 Stephens, Mary R. May, 
 
 Stephens, Virginia P. March, 
 
 Stephenson, Charlotte F June, 
 
 Stephenson, Nancy J May, 
 
 Stern, Augusta- - May, 
 
 Stern, L. May -.. May, 
 
 Stetson, Emily M May, 
 
 Steves, M. Ada. - May, 
 
 Steves, Amy A May, 
 
 Stewart, Eliza J March, 
 
 Stewart, Jessie M -May, 
 
 Stewart, Mary J May, 
 
 Stilson, Ella M May, 
 
 1883. 
 1882. 
 
 1877. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1870. 
 1873. 
 1881. 
 1887. 
 1869. 
 1864. 
 1886. 
 1887. 
 1865. 
 1866. 
 1885. 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1883. 
 1889. 
 1877. 
 1889. 
 1870. 
 1885. 
 1869. 
 
 1882. 
 1873. 
 1887. 
 1889. 
 1869. 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1883. 
 1872. 
 1866. 
 1881. 
 1879. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1879. 
 1883. 
 1877. 
 1880. 
 1886. 
 1885. 
 
 Stilson, Hattie L December 
 
 Stincen, Emma E. C March 
 
 Stirling, Duncan December 
 
 Stirling, John W. May 
 
 Stirling, Nellie May 
 
 Stivers, Charlotte J -.May 
 
 Stockton, Adelia A March 
 
 Stockton, Alice .- March 
 
 Stockton, Anna M March 
 
 Stockton, Fanny. .-May 
 
 Stockton, William W May 
 
 Stoddard, Birdie E December 
 
 Stokum, Marion -May 
 
 Stone, Helen M._ March 
 
 Stone, M. Jeannette March 
 
 Stone, Mary E._ ...May, 
 
 Stowe, Augusta M May 
 
 Sto well , Agnes December 
 
 Struve, Christine December 
 
 Sullivan, Frances M. - May 
 
 Sullivan, John W May 
 
 Sullivan, Mary E June 
 
 Summers, Esther December 
 
 Sumner, William H. May 
 
 Sumner, Etta A December 
 
 Sufiol, Frances A May 
 
 Talbot, Annie L December 
 
 Talmadge, Anna M. .. December 
 
 Tarr, Blanche - ..June 
 
 Taylor, Annie L._ May 
 
 Taylor, George G December 
 
 Taylor, Leolin May 
 
 Taylor, Mary A. March 
 
 Taylor, Olivia L. .: March 
 
 Teaford, Nannie W March 
 
 Tebbe, George A May 
 
 Tebbe, William E May 
 
 Teel, Mary L. -May 
 
 Teel, Verona May 
 
 Terry, Eulalia A._. March 
 
 Thatcher, Georgia June 
 
 Theisen, Nettie C June 
 
 Thomas, Edward E ..May 
 
 Thomas, Ida M May 
 
 Thomas, Laura L. June 
 
 Thomas, Mary A May 
 
 Thomas, Mary 0. March 
 
 Thomasson, Annie E .May 
 
 Thompson, Anna C May 
 
 Thompson, Flora C May 
 
 Thompson, Isaac S May 
 
 1885. 
 1870. 
 1886. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1884. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1870. 
 1883. 
 1878. 
 1884. 
 1868. 
 1870. 
 1876. 
 1868. 
 1869. 
 1887. 
 1886. 
 1879. 
 1884. 
 1889. 
 1886. 
 1883. 
 1887. 
 1884. 
 1882. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1882. 
 1874. 
 1873. 
 1877. 
 1888. 
 1887. 
 1881. 
 1881. 
 1872. 
 1889. 
 1889. 
 1882. 
 1885. 
 1889. 
 1869. 
 1876. 
 1879. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 1883. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 H; 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Thompson, Martha B May 
 
 Thompson, M. Ruth.-Decernber 
 Thomson, Gertrude ..December 
 
 Thrush, Dora December 
 
 Thunen, Lizzie May 
 
 Thurwachter, Mary E Dec. 
 
 Tillotson, Emma -. . March 
 
 Tillotson, Henry I.. March 
 
 Triton, Etta M.. March 
 
 Tinsley, Mary L June 
 
 Tolman, Jessie ..May 
 
 Tompkins, Claudia M. May 
 
 Towle, H. May. May 
 
 Toy, Emma M March 
 
 Treadway, Addie May 
 
 Trimble, Caroline March 
 
 Trimble, Mattie M December 
 
 Trimble, Mollie F May 
 
 Trimingham, Martha A May 
 
 Trowbridge, Nelson S. June 
 
 True, Marion E December 
 
 Tucker, Lillian E May 
 
 Turner, Addie.. l.May 
 
 Turner, Addie S May 
 
 Turner, Belle J March 
 
 Turner, Cynthia M March 
 
 Turner, Martha M December 
 
 Tuttle, Annabel December 
 
 Tuttle, Nannie E May 
 
 Tyrrell, Prank G December 
 
 Tyus, Mary A. March 
 
 Urmy, Mabel... May- 
 Utter, John F December 
 
 Vandervorst, Delia ...December 
 
 Van Dusen, Marion S May 
 
 Van Eaton, Harriet E. May 
 
 Van Heusen, Neelie G May 
 
 Von Dorsten, Emma May 
 
 Votaw, Emma. May 
 
 Wade, Margaret May 
 
 "Wagenseller, Etta M March 
 
 Waggoner, Ida M December 
 
 Wakefield, Claude B.. .May 
 
 Wakeman, Angy F May 
 
 Wallace, Alma . T March 
 
 Wallace, Lute L May 
 
 Walsh, Mollie E ..May 
 
 Wambold, Kate C. May 
 
 Ward, Grace. May 
 
 Ward, Ida M ...May 
 
 Ward, Mary May 
 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 1881. 
 1887. 
 1870. 
 1870. 
 1873. 
 1889. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1881. 
 1875. 
 1868. 
 1876. 
 1884. 
 1879. 
 1885. 
 1866. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1879. 
 1888. 
 1875. 
 1870. 
 1883. 
 1886. 
 1885. 
 1883. 
 1871. 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1888. 
 1881. 
 1881. 
 1887. 
 1887. 
 1885. 
 1864. 
 1872. 
 1883. 
 1879. 
 1883. 
 1872. 
 1887. 
 1883. 
 1885. 
 1888. 
 1880. 
 1868. 
 
 Ward, Minnie G December, 1885. 
 
 Warring, Hattie B May, 1878. 
 
 Warring, Nettie C December, 1884. 
 
 Wash, William A March, 1874. 
 
 Washburn, Dora B May, 1883. 
 
 Watkins, Delia M .May, 1886. 
 
 Watkins, Emma May, 1882. 
 
 Watkins, Florence M March, 1875. 
 
 Watkin s, Kate F May , 1883. 
 
 Watson, Maggie H May, 1869. 
 
 Wear, A. Belle .March, 1876. 
 
 Webb, Oliver ...December, 1887. 
 
 Week, Bertie May, 1887. 
 
 Weed, Alice... May, 1869. 
 
 Weinshank, Regina ...May, 1882. 
 
 Welch, Henry C. December, 1887. 
 
 Welch, Maude L December, 1888. 
 
 Wells, Alice M ..March, 1875. 
 
 Wells, Annie L December, 1884. 
 
 Wemple, Emmet L March, 1870. 
 
 West, Fannie P May, 1883. 
 
 Westfall, Lillian E. June, 1889. 
 
 Wetmore, Edith L ..March, 1870. 
 
 Whatmore, Amy May, 1883. 
 
 Wheeler, Tenah E.. June, 1889. 
 
 Whelan, Ella E March, 1876. 
 
 Whelan, Maggie L December, 1887. 
 
 White, Alice M ..March, 1876. 
 
 White, Elizabeth. ..June, 1866. 
 
 White, Silas A June, 1866. 
 
 Whiting, Julia M.... March, 1874. 
 
 Whitmore, Ella L May, 1869. 
 
 Whitney, Anita... May, 1884. 
 
 Wible, Annie A ...March, 1875. 
 
 Wible, Julia F March, 1875. 
 
 Wickham, Nellie T --May, 1883. 
 
 Wignall, Fannie ...March, 1872. 
 
 Wiley, Maggie L March, 1877- 
 
 Willard, Sadie P May, 1888. 
 
 Williams, Carrie May, 1879. 
 
 Williams, Cecilia A. ..December, 1883. 
 
 Williams, Clara B. March, 1877. 
 
 Williams, Emily E May, 1887. 
 
 Williams, Lillian December, 1887. 
 
 Williams, Maggie December, 1883. 
 
 Williams, May E May, 1864. 
 
 Williams, NinaF. December, 1884. 
 
 Williams, Richard D.. December, 1886. 
 Williams, Sabrina A. .December, 1865. 
 
 Williamson, Jessie May, 1879. 
 
 Wilson, David A -May, 1887. 
 
144 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 List of Graduates — Continued. 
 
 Wilson, Jessie E.. 
 
 . March, 1870. 
 
 Wright, Ada E 
 
 - June, 1867. 
 
 Wilson, Lewis B 
 
 ....May, 1878. 
 
 Wright, Emily L 
 
 May, 1882. 
 
 Wilson, Mary E 
 
 .March, 1875. 
 
 Wright, Mary A 
 
 May, 1869. 
 
 Wilson, William R 
 
 .March, 1875. 
 
 Wristen, Lizzie N 
 
 May, 1883. 
 
 Wissman, Annie L 
 
 ...June, 1889. 
 
 Wurtenberg, Marian 
 
 ie_. -March, 1887. 
 
 Witherspoon, Henry E. 
 
 ....May, 1885. 
 
 Wyckoff, Cora K. ... 
 
 May, 1885. 
 
 Withington, Augusta S. . 
 
 .March, 1873. 
 
 Wyckoff, Nellie 
 
 -December, 1885. 
 
 Withro w, Marie . . . 
 
 .March, 1870. 
 
 Wyllie, Hattie L 
 
 May, 1882. 
 
 Wood, E. Alfaretta 
 
 ...Mav, 1878. 
 
 Yaney, Elma K 
 
 May, 1884 
 
 Wood, Alfred A . 
 
 ...May, 1880. 
 
 Yaple, Edith D 
 
 May, 1885. 
 
 Wood, Flora December, 1883. 
 
 Yates, Jennie 
 
 ....March, 1870 
 
 Woodman, Charles A 
 
 ...May, 1878. 
 
 York, Elizabeth 
 
 June, 1866 
 
 Woodson, Annie 
 
 ....May, 1879. 
 
 Young, M. Frances . 
 
 .December, 1886 
 
 Woodward, Bessie 
 
 May, 1883. 
 
 Young, Mary E 
 
 May, 1882 
 
 Woodward, N. Zoraide.. 
 
 ..March, 1874. 
 
 Youngberg, Mary F. 
 
 .June, 1865 
 
 Woodworth, Willard D. 
 
 ....May, 1886. 
 
 
 .December, 1885 
 
 Wooll, Harriet L 
 
 ...June, 1867. 
 
 Zeilian, John J 
 
 -December, 1883 
 
 Workman, Oliver P 
 
 March, 1876. 
 
 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 H5 
 
 NAMES OF HOLDERS OF ELEMENTARY DIPLOMAS. 
 
 (See page 56.) 
 
 MIDDLE CLASS-ELEMENTAEY DIPLOMAS. 
 
 (Graduated March 31, 1877.) 
 
 MARIAN ASHLEY. 
 ELIZA F. AULD. 
 *ALICE BLYTHE. 
 ELLIS C. BROWN. 
 MATTIE E. CHAPPELL. 
 *NELSON B. COFFMAN. 
 *ADALINE S. CURRIER. 
 JACOB DEPPELLER. 
 LAURA C. GIDDINGS. 
 ANNIE HARRIGAN. 
 ARLIE J. JENNISON. 
 *CHARLES M. KELLOGG. 
 *1ANTHA A. KELSO. 
 *MARGARET A. KENT. 
 
 EMILY McMULLEN. 
 WILLIAM P. MOORE. 
 *FRANCES O'BRIEN. 
 *C. LILLIAN POND. 
 *OREN N. RANEY. 
 *CLARA C. RICHARDSON. 
 MABEL SEA VY. 
 MARY A. SEAVY. 
 *WILLIAM STOCKTON. 
 MICHAEL F. SULLIVAN. 
 ALICE E. THURSTON. 
 *HATT1E B. WARRING. 
 MARY WESTPHAL. 
 *LEWIS WILSON. 
 
 (Graduated May 23, 1878.) 
 
 MAY ADCOCK. 
 ANNIE BACON. 
 *KATIE BARDENWERPER. 
 *LAURA BETHELL. 
 ROBERT J. BROWN. 
 *HATTY M. CHASE. 
 MATTIE A. COLE. 
 GEORGE J. COLLIER. 
 ELLA DONOVAN. 
 EMMA A. EVERHART. 
 *LILLA B. GOVE. 
 NAOMI A. HAYES. 
 *JOHN HERROD. 
 *SARAH HOBSON. 
 KATIE A. HDFFNER. 
 *ETTA H. JACKSON. 
 EMMA J. KENDALL. 
 *ADAH E. KENT. 
 IDA M. LOVE. 
 *AIMEE MADAN. 
 FANNIE M. MARTIN. 
 *JOHN W. MARTIN. 
 *ELLA McCABE. 
 *CHARLOTTE C. McLERAN. 
 *ANNIE 
 
 *AUGUSTA M. MERTES. 
 ALFREDA MORTON. 
 *MARY M. MUIR. 
 ANITA MURRAY. 
 *ELLA F. MURPHY. 
 ELLEN A. NEWBERRY. 
 *LOIS A. PECKHAM. 
 *CHRISTINE RADEMACHER. 
 *GEORGIA RAY. 
 IDA E. RH1NEHART. 
 *ENNA M. RINGO. 
 FLORENCE S. ROYCE. 
 WILLIAM G. SMITH. 
 NETTIE E. SPANGENBERG. 
 *NANCY J. STEPHENSON. 
 ISABEL SQUIRES. 
 *AUGUSTA STERN. 
 *ADA STEVES. 
 ELLA M. TALLANT. 
 *MARY L. TEEL. 
 *ADDIE TURNER. 
 *IDA M. WARD. 
 EMMA WEAR. 
 *JESSIE WILLIAMSON. 
 WOODSON. 
 
146 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 (Graduated January 4, 1879.) 
 
 *IDA M. BENNETT. 
 *EMMA E. DAVIS. 
 MARY F. FARRELL. 
 *JULIA HARRINGTON. 
 LOUISE A. HORNE. 
 FRANK HUSKEY. 
 LUCIA JUDKINS. 
 WILLIAM H. LAWRENCE. 
 "NATHANIEL H. LOCKE. 
 
 *SARAH A. J. LOCKE. 
 *ELLA E. MARTIN. 
 *FLORA McCLELLAN. 
 *H. BURR NEEDHAM. 
 FRED. W. NOBLE. 
 *AMY E. O'NEAL. 
 JOSEPHINE R. PHILLIPS. 
 MARY E. SMITH. 
 *MATTIE B. THOMPSON. 
 
 (Graduated May 22, 1879.) 
 
 *KATE APPLEBY. 
 ANN ASQQITH. 
 HELEN D. BARIGHT. 
 *MARY S. BOWMAN. 
 ANNIE M. BRADY. 
 FRANCES A. BROWN. 
 MARY E. BURGER. 
 *LUCINDA J. CARVER. 
 *E. ELMER CAREY. 
 ADELAIDE DALEY. 
 ALICE R. DORAN. 
 *LOUISE A. ERKSON. 
 *LOVINA ESTILL. 
 *ROSE A. EVERETT. 
 JENNIE GALLAGHER. 
 EMILY GILL. 
 *CLARA L. GREGORY. 
 "-MARGARET R. HENRY. 
 *JENNIE F. HOWARD. 
 *M. KATE JACKSON. 
 *WILLIAM E. JORDAN. 
 MRS. SARAH KELSEY. 
 
 FLORA A. 
 
 ANNIE M. KENNEDY. 
 *MARTHA M. KNAPP. 
 MARGRUIETTA B. LLOYD. 
 VIRGINIA E. LYNDS. 
 DEANVER M. LYNDS. 
 MARY F. McCONNELL. 
 
 *lizzie a. Mckenzie. 
 
 * ANNIE McPHILLIPS. 
 KATE C. MORRIS. 
 LUCY E. OWENS. 
 EMMA C. POWELL. 
 
 * WILLI AM F. PRATT. 
 *MARY H. RICKEY. 
 MARY A. ROGERS. 
 *HENRIETTA DeSAISSET. 
 EMMA SELBY. 
 *MAGGIE M. SENTER. 
 MARY E. SENTER. 
 *CORA A. SIMPSON. 
 SOPHIE W. SMITHURST. 
 CORA L. SPEAR. 
 WALDO S. WATERMAN. 
 
 WOODFORD. 
 
 (Graduated December 17, 1879.) 
 
 SUSIE P. BENSON. 
 *LUCY M. BOTSFORD. 
 ANNIE R. BREWSTER. 
 PAUL J. BRYANT. 
 *ANGELINA CHAMBAUD. 
 BIRDIE A. CHESTNUTWOOD. 
 *LUELLA DUNCAN. 
 *EVA B. FAIRLEE. 
 *SARAH E. HOLLAND. 
 
 MRS. LAURA 
 
 *WILLIAM A KIRKWOOD. 
 HOWARD M. LOCKE. 
 *IDA LOCKE. 
 *ROBERT W. MANTZ. 
 P. JENNIE MAYHEW. 
 *LIZZIE C. MONAGHAN. 
 *ALICE MOORE. 
 *HANNAH M. RIXON. 
 *MARTHA A. STEWART. 
 A. WELLS. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 147 
 
 (Graduated May 20, 1880.) 
 
 IDA ALLEN. 
 FLORENCE APLIN. 
 *WALTER S. BAILEY. 
 DELIA BEAUCHAMP. 
 *ROSA BECKWITH. 
 *IDA M. CARPENTER. 
 MARY F. CLAYPOOL. 
 *A. B. COFFMAN. 
 *BELLE CONN. 
 KATE COOLEY. 
 C. T. COYLE. 
 *LAURA DUNCAN. 
 NELLIE FELLOWS. 
 *ANNIE C. FISK. 
 HATTIE N. GAPEN. 
 CARROLL W. GATES. 
 LUELLA GILLESPIE. 
 *MARY Q. GORDON. 
 *NELLIE HENRY 
 *CARRIE HILL. 
 *NELLIE R. HUNTINGTON. 
 MARY JONES. 
 *ANNA KING. 
 KATE LATIMER. 
 *M. H. LAWSON. 
 
 *EMILY 
 
 CORDELIA B. LEGGETT. 
 *GRACE E. LEONARD. 
 OSCAR E. MACK. 
 EMMA MADDEN. 
 ALMA MARTIN. 
 MAGGIE G. MEEHAN. 
 *MOLLIE MEEK. 
 *ALBION S. MEILY. 
 *CHRISTENIE MILLS. 
 ALICE MORRILL. 
 
 thomas p. Mcdonald. 
 
 *MARY S. McDOUGALL. 
 JULIA E. McLERAN. 
 *CARRIE McTIGUE. 
 VIRNETTA OLDHAM. 
 *FANNIE O'HANLON. 
 *F. H. OTTMER. 
 *EMILY PURINTON. 
 *IANTHA REA. 
 *CORNELIA RICHARDS. 
 *LAURA F. SELL. 
 MILLIE THOMPSON. 
 SALLIE E. WELLS. 
 MRS. MARTHA A. WILKINSON. 
 LUCY WOODSON. 
 WRIGHT. 
 
 * Afterwards took the Senior Tear and received full diplomas. 
 
148 Historical Sketch. 
 
 GRADUATES' RECORD. 
 
 In May, 1883, the Board of Trustees adopted a resolution requir- 
 ing all graduates, before receiving their diplomas, to sign the fol- 
 lowing agreement: 
 
 I hereby agree to report to the Principal of the school from which I graduate, 
 at least twice a year for three years after my graduation, and once a year there- 
 after, so long as I continue in the profession of teaching; and when I shall leave 
 the profession, I will report the fact to him, with the cause therefor. A failure 
 to make such reports may be considered a sufficient cause for the revocation 
 of my diploma. 
 
 The graduates since that time, with a few exceptions, have 
 faithfully complied with the conditions of their agreement. 
 
 Reports of graduates before this date have been gathered from 
 various sources. Circulars asking for reports were issued in 1886, 
 and sent to all whose addresses were known. Many have 
 responded. Some have kindly sent reports for classmates and 
 others whose history was unknown. Some have failed to respond, 
 and of a few nothing can be learned. The size of the State and 
 the unsettled location of the school during the first few years of 
 its existence have much to do with the incompleteness of the 
 record concerning early graduates. Only such information is 
 published as can be given with a good degree of certainty. This 
 information has been gathered gradually during the past six 
 years. The result, though not so nearly complete as could be 
 wished, is highly satisfactory, and shows, as far as statistics can 
 show, what the school is accomplishing through its graduates. 
 Hearty thanks are here extended to all who have in any way 
 assisted in this important work. 
 
 The preparation of this History has shown more forcibly than 
 ever the desirability of keeping on file at the school an accurate 
 account of the work of the graduates, with their addresses. It 
 is hoped, therefore, that the valuable habit of sending reports 
 will not cease with the publication of the History, but that all 
 graduates, whether or not they have previously reported, will send 
 reports, at least annually, of their work and addresses, for refer- 
 ence and future publication. It is of course expected that all 
 members of classes graduated since the obligation to report has 
 been required, will report annually, as pledged. 
 
State Normal School. 149 
 
 Each annual catalogue of the school is mailed to all graduates 
 who have reported during the year for which the catalogue is 
 issued. 
 
 It should be borne in mind that the time covered by the follow- 
 ing " Record " closes with June, 1889, ,and in many cases, where 
 reports have not lately been received, it closes at an earlier date. 
 Graduates are requested to notify the Principal of the School at once 
 of any errors in the " Record" and of changes in their addresses. 
 
 Note. — The name of the county represented by each graduate at the time of 
 graduation, is placed opposite his name. 
 
 ERRATA AND ADDENDA. 
 
 NOTE.— The publication of the History having been delayed longer than was expected, 
 items from reports have been added, as received, up to the time of publication, November, 1889. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 171. Marcus T. Sickal. Present address, Benicia, Solano 
 
 County. 
 
 172. Ohas. E. Markham. Teaching at Haywards, Ala 
 
 meda County. 
 
 186. A. Belle Wear. (Mrs. Clement) Present address 
 
 Livermore, Alameda County. 
 
 194. Myrtie C. Hudson. (Mrs. Edward Wagner) Pres- 
 
 ent address, Tien-Tsin, China. Married September 6, 
 1889. Engaged with her husband in missionary work. 
 
 198. Margaret E. McCann. (Mrs. H.J. Stafford.) Taught 
 in Temescal two years; in Oakland four years. 
 
 216. Mary E. Young. (Mrs. Ed. North) Present address, 
 
 Newhall, Los Angeles County. 
 
 217. James G-. Beaty. Taught in Plumas County one 
 
 year; Butte County two years; Yuba County three 
 years. Teaching in Yuba County. 
 
 218. Laura Duncan. Teaching in Honolulu. 
 
 226. Lizzie B. Crew. (Mrs. E. E. Can field) Present 
 
 address, Chico, Butte County. 
 
 231. Lizzie C. Cottle. Taught in Monterey County one 
 
 year; in Santa Clara County four years. Teaching at 
 Evergreen, Santa Clara County. (over) 
 
150 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Susie D. L. Carey (Mrs. S. C. Baker) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Pacific Grove, Monterey County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara, one year; San Jos6, three years; Los Angeles, 
 two years; Napa, one year; Vallejo, two years; San Francisco, eight years ; 
 Placer and Monterey Counties, two years. Teaching at Pacific Grove. 
 Married in 1868 and in 1870. Five children ; four living. Has published a 
 book of poems and prose called "Gleanings," and is preparing a book on 
 "Temperance in Public Schools." Holds Business College and Kindergar- 
 ten diplomas. Has done much work as private teacher outside of public 
 schools, and intends to spend her life in teaching. 
 
 Clara A. Cummings San Francisco. 
 
 Taught. Went to Europe several years ago. 
 
 Julia Clayton (Mrs. Sarles) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2327 California Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in the Grant Primary School, San Francisco; has taught in 
 San Francisco eight years. Has two children, 
 
 Jane 0. Day (Mrs. Palmer) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Pesided'in Oakland when last heard from. 
 Taught one year. 
 
 Ellen G. Grant Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, 414 Larkin Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since June, 1864 ; teaching in the Columbia 
 Grammar School. 
 
 Mary Goldsmith (Mrs. Prag) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 915 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since June, 1864; teaching in the Girls' High 
 School. 
 
 Annie S. Jewett Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 714 Shotwell Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since November, 1865; teaching in Bartlett 
 Primary School. 
 
 Lizzie B. Jewett (Mrs. G. W. Towle, Jr.) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Address in July, 1886, San Rafael. 
 Taught. 
 
 M. Augusta Krauth (Mrs. Morgan) El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Corralitos, Santa Cruz County. 
 Taught in Monterey, one year ; San Francisco, two years ; Santa Cruz 
 County, two years. Not teaching. 
 
 Ariadne L. Kimball (Mrs. H. K. Kimball) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Petaluma, Sonoma County. 
 Taught a short time as substitute in the San Francisco schools, and seven 
 years in the Protestant Orphan Asylum, San Francisco. Married Novem- 
 ber 21, 1872; not taught since. Three children. 
 
State Normal School. 151 
 
 Mary J. Norton (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 Jane Smith __San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1413 Post Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since June, 1864; teaching in Longfellow 
 Primary School. 
 
 Minnie Scott Alameda County. 
 
 Married. Did not teach. 
 
 Eve Solomon San Francisco. 
 
 Taught one year. Married. 
 
 Margaret Wade (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from June, 1864, until the time of her death, 
 September 23, 1882. Address of her sister, Miss Nettie Wade, 104 Webster 
 Street, San Francisco. 
 
 Mary E. Williams Marin County. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 THIRD CLASS-DECEMBER, 1864. 
 Lucinda N. Allyne San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, unknown. 
 Went to Massachusetts. 
 
 Elijah Broadbent Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, unknown. 
 Taught several years in St. Augustine College, Benicia, in California, and 
 Nevada. Living in one of the Eastern States. 
 
 William R. Bradshaw (deceased) Sutter County. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 Sadie Davis (Mrs. Cornwall) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco and in Redwood City. 
 
 Carrie P. Field (Mrs. Plunkett) Santa Cruz Co. 
 
 Present address, 231 San Jose Avenue, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since April, 1865. Teaching in the Colum- 
 bia Grammar School. 
 
 Minnie Girvin San Francisco. 
 
 Married. Did not teach. 
 
 Anna Kennedy San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
152 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Henry E. McBride Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, San Luis Obispo. 
 Has taught several years. Is now practicing law. 
 
 Philena Sawyer San Francisco. 
 
 Taught. Is married, but present name and address unknown. 
 
 FOURTH CLASS-JUNE, 1865. 
 Cornelia E. Campbell Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Hubbard House, 139 Fourth Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since February, 1867. Teaching in the 
 South San Francisco School. 
 
 Augusta S. Cameron (Mrs. Bainbridge) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Govelo, Mendocino County. 
 Taught in San Francisco two and one half years; Mendocino County, 
 thirteen years. Teaching. Married January 6, 1869. Two children. Was 
 the first native California graduate, and probably the youngest ever grad- 
 uated from the school. Has done much work outside of the public schools 
 as teacher in book-keeping, music, calisthenics, etc. 
 
 Anna Gibbons (Mrs. Wm. T. Garratt) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from June, 1868, to October, 1882, except one 
 year's leave of absence. 
 
 Maggie L. Jordan (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Was elected to a position in San Francisco in June, 1867. Further his- 
 tory nt)t known. 
 
 Annie M. Jourden (Mrs. James Duffy) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1886, 1944 California Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught. 
 
 Nellie A. Littlefield San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 511 Gough Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since December, 1865. Teaching in Potrero 
 School. 
 
 Florence Morgan San Francisco. 
 
 Present name and address unknown. 
 Married and went East soon after graduation. Did not teach. 
 
 Caroline A. Menges San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Norwood House, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in San Francisco from December, 1867, to August, 1888. 
 
 Sophronia Mills (Mrs. E. H. Kincaid) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County two years. Married May 1, 1867. Not 
 taught since. Seven children. 
 
State Normal School. 15 
 
 o 
 
 Fanny A. E. Nichols San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from July, 1865, to March, 1882. Left the pro- 
 fession on account of ill health. 
 
 George S. Pebshin Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address unknown. 
 Taught in San Francisco. Was afterwards engaged in surveying. 
 
 Mary Perkins Placer County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Spring Valley School, San Francisco. 
 
 Fannie Soule San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 825 Polk Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since September, 1865. Teaching in Lincoln 
 Grammar School. 
 
 Mary F. Youngbeeg (Mrs. Elliott Reed) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 279 North San Pedro Street, San Jose. 
 Taught in Willow Glen District, Santa Clara County, five months ; in San 
 Josg, eleven years. Not teaching. Married November 11, 1867. Two chil- 
 dren ; one living. 
 
 FIFTH CLASS— DECEMBER, 1865. 
 Nettie Doud (Mrs. F. B. Wood) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2211 Steiner Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught continuously in the San Francisco schools since graduation; 
 is now Principal of the Hermann Street Primary School. Married in 1873. 
 
 Mary A. H. Estabbook (Mrs. Millington) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1886, Napa City. 
 Taught. 
 
 Sarah E. Frissell (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught several years. Was married (name unknown), and died in the 
 Eastern States. 
 
 Jane E. Greer .. San Mateo. 
 
 Present address, 1040 Twentieth Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Fairmount School ; has taught in San Francisco since June, 
 1868. 
 
 Mary E. Hall San Francisco. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 Joseph F. Kennedy Contra Costa County. 
 
 Address, unknown. 
 Attorney at law. Has taught. 
 
154 Historical Sketch. 
 
 J. Alexander Louttit Calaveras County. 
 
 Present address, Stockton, San Joaquin County. 
 Taught in Calaveras County, one term; Alameda County, three years; 
 San Joaquin County, one year. Left teaching for the profession of law; 
 was City Attorney of Stockton eight, terms; member of the Forty-ninth 
 Congress, U. S. A. Married August 21, 1872. Five children ; is now a 
 widower. Present occupation, attorney at law. 
 
 Louis J. Megerle (deceased) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Taught eight months in San Joaquin County. Graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of the Pacific in 1870, and taught in that institution for a time ; left 
 teaching in 1871 to enter the Harvard Law School. Died June 29, 1872, 
 within two weeks of graduation. 
 
 Maria E. O'Connor San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from December, 1865, to July, 1880. In 1886 
 was reported as teaching in a Convent, but address unknown. 
 
 Mary J. Pascoe (Mrs. Parolini) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 37 Post Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since April, 1866. Teaching in the Garfield 
 Primary School. 
 
 Sabrina A. Williams Yuba County. 
 
 Went East soon after graduation. 
 
 SIXTH CLASS-JUNE, 1866. 
 Abbie Carswell San Francisco. 
 
 Married. Taught. Name, address, and history unknown. 
 
 Amey T. Campbell Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, 1220 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught constantly since graduation in the San Francisco schools. Is 
 now Vice-Principal of the Broadway Grammar School. 
 
 Almira T. Flint San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 812 Hyde Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since June, 1866. Teaching in Denman 
 Grammar School. 
 
 Gazena A. Garrison San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from April, 1867, to March, 1882. Teaching in 
 Marin County. 
 
 Lillie E. Gummer (Mrs. Judge John Hunt) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught about five years. Has one child. 
 
State Normal School. 155 
 
 Ervin D. Humphrey (deceased) ._ San Francisco. 
 
 Was elected to a position in the San Francisco Schools immediately after 
 graduation, and was Principal of the Fairmount, Mission Grammar, and 
 Hayes Valley Grammar Schools successively. In January, 1877, he re- 
 signed on account of failing health. In consideration of his faithful ser- 
 vices, his resignation was not accepted by the Board of Education, but he 
 was granted an indefinite leave of absence. He went to Ohio in June, 1877. 
 Eeturned to California in February, 1878, and died March 18, 1878. He left 
 a wife and three sons. 
 
 Annie M. Holmes (Mrs. Marcus D. Boruck) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, California Street, near Laguna, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco three years. Married April 14, 1869; not taught 
 since. Two children. 
 
 Mary J. Morgan (Mrs. J. Irving Ayers) Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, 1758 Taylor Street, West Oakland. 
 Taught in San Francisco four and one half years. In 1870 discontinued 
 teaching and married. In 1883, resumed teaching in the Clawson School, 
 Oakland, which position she has held continuously since. Has four chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Lizzie A. Morgan (Mrs. Wentworth T. Crowell), (deceased) . 
 
 Sacramento County. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco two 3^ears; then married and resigned. After 
 several years, again commenced teaching in Sacramento, where she taught 
 until 1887. After an illness of seven months, died in August, 1887. Left 
 three children, the eldest now a teacher. 
 
 Sarah E. Miller San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 239 Sixteenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco continuously since graduation. Teaching 
 in Haight Primary School. 
 
 Mary F. Metcalf (Mrs. Hugh Davidson) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 611 Haight Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco from March, 1868, to October, 1885. Married 
 October 3, 1885. 
 
 Mary S. Moulthrop San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1108 Union Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught most of the time since graduation ; for the past two years at 
 San Pedro, Los Angeles County, where she is now teaching. 
 
 Abner F. Olinger San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Campbellton, Jackson County, Florida. 
 Has taught most of the time since graduation: in various counties of 
 Calif ornia, fourteen years; in Tennessee, three years; in Florida, five years. 
 Teaching in Florida. Married April 16, 1871. Four children. 
 
 Frances B. Piper (Mrs. fm. Hall) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Not taught. Married September 18, 1867. Four children ; three living. 
 
156 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Arthur Rodgers San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Nevada Block, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three months ; San Mateo County, five 
 months; Monterey County, five months; San Benito County, five months. 
 Entered University of California, January, 1870, from which institution he 
 graduated in 1872. Is now practicing law in San Francisco. Is a Regent 
 of the University of California, and has delivered a number of public 
 addresses. 
 
 Frances Simon (Mrs. Chas. Leavy) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught eight years. Has six children. 
 
 Maria L. Soule San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 516 Van Ness Avenue. 
 Teaching in the Denman Grammar School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 since June 1868. 
 
 Charlotte F. Stephenson (Mrs. Noah. F. Flood), (deceased). 
 
 Sacramento County. 
 
 Taught. Died December, 1868. 
 
 N elson S. Trowbridge Amador County. 
 
 Present address, Berkeley, Alameda County. 
 Taught six months near Lockeford; six months near Vacaville; six 
 months at Michigan Bar. Left teaching January, 1869, for mining and 
 mercantile pursuits. Married May 19, 1869, to Kate J. Claj'ton, class of 
 1867. Six children ; five living. 
 
 Elizabeth White (Mrs. Scott) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Portland, Oregon. 
 Taught in San Francisco. 
 
 Silas A. White San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2213 Larkin Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught constantly in the public schools of San Francisco since gradua- 
 tion. Principal of Spring Valley Grammar School. 
 
 Elizabeth York (Mrs. M. A. De Jough), (deceased) 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco. Married July 31, 1869. Two children ; one liv- 
 ing. 
 
 SEVENTH CLASS-JUNE, 1867. 
 Julia V. Ashley (Mrs. Alfred Thurber) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Salinas City. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County eleven years; has been teaching in Salinas 
 City since January, 1888. Married July 1, 1869. One child. 
 
State Normal School. 157 
 
 Sarah E. Anderson (deceased) _' San Francisco. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 E. Margaret Bevans (Mrs. C. Convis) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, New York City. 
 Taught four years in San Francisco. 
 
 Emma A. Bigsby (deceased) Sonoma County. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 Adrianna L. Beers (Mrs. Maynard) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 730 Green Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught. 
 
 Carrie M. Chase (Mrs. Wm. S. Murphy), (deceased) 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from July, 1868, to March, 1875. Died July 2, 
 1876. Left one son. 
 
 Chas. W. Childs El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, two years ; Suisun City, Solano County, 
 nine years. "Was County Superintendent of Solano County two terms. 
 Now Principal of the State Normal School, San Jose, in which school he 
 has taught since 1878. 
 
 E. Mattie Chapman Sonoma County. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 Kate J. Clayton (Mrs. N. S. Trowbridge) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Berkeley, Alameda County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one year; Amador County, three months ; 
 State of Nevada three months. Not teaching. Married May 19, 1869. Six 
 children ; five living. 
 
 Mary P. Clark (deceased) Amador County. 
 
 Taught in Amador County. Died March 31, 1870. Father's address, W. 
 O. Clark, Drytown, Amador County. 
 
 Hattie J. Estabrook (Mrs. W. W. Thompson) __ San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1886, Napa City. Had taught five years. 
 
 Henrietta Featherly San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1107 Mason Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since July, 1867. Teaching in the Powell 
 Street Primary School. 
 
 Anna D. Gaddis (Mrs. Maxwell) Yolo County. 
 
 Present address. Woodland, Yolo County. 
 Taught in Yolo County until marriage, June 3, 1867. Not teaching. 
 Three children. 
 
158 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Clara Geemain (Mrs. G.' S. Potwin) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Concord, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught ten years in Contra Costa and Alameda Counties. Then married 
 and settled on a farm in Ygnacio Valley, where she resided at last report, 
 April, 1883. Now a widow. 
 
 Anna L. Gray (Mrs. R. R. Owen) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Alameda. 
 Taught in San Francisco from September, 1867, to October, 1876. Taught 
 in Alameda also. Married J une 17, 1884. 
 
 Mary T. Hart (Mrs. Joseph Austin) ( deceased) __ El Dorado Co. 
 
 Did not teach. Was for many years musical critic of the Argonaut, under 
 the nom de plume " Betsy B." Died in San Francisco in 1888. 
 
 Mary G. Heydenfelt (Mrs. Wm. J. Dutton) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, corner of California and Devisadero Streets, San Francisco. 
 Taught. 
 
 Ella M. Harvey (Mrs. W. B. Priddy) Alameda County. 
 
 Taught in Oakland in the same school seven years, the last year as Prin- 
 cipal. Married February 12, 1884. Two children. Her husbaud is a Meth- 
 odist minister, and she has, therefore, no permanent address. 
 
 James G. Kennedy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Jose" several years. Was City Superintendent of San Jose 
 three terms. In 1885 he moved to San Francisco, where he taught in the 
 city schools, and was afterwards School Inspector two years. Is now Prin- 
 cipal of the Cogswell Polytechnic Institute. 
 
 Cloelia M. Lewis (Mrs. Lewis A. Sage) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1886, Congress Springs, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught. 
 
 Hattie B. Locke San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Lizzie A. Newell Sonoma County. 
 
 Taught. 
 
 Nellie M. Owens San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 614 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in the Girls' High School. Has taught in San Francisco since 
 July, 1869. 
 
 Catherine O'Brien San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 319 Oak Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in the John Swett Grammar School. Taught in San Francisco 
 since September, 1867. 
 
State Normal School. 159 
 
 Howell Powell Sutter County. 
 
 Attorney at law, Sansome Street, San Francisco. Married Miss Mary E. 
 King, class of March, 1871. Three children. 
 
 Ella A. Roberts (deceased) El Dorado County. 
 
 Flora C. Smith (Mrs. Armstrong) Santa Clara County. 
 
 In 1886 was living in Arizona. 
 Taught. 
 
 Grace Smith (Mrs. Preston) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1885, 1922 Broderick Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco High School. 
 
 John C. Shipley Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Healdsburg, Sonoma County. 
 Taught constantly since graduation, principally in Sonoma and Mendo- 
 cino Counties. Married July 16, 1871. Three children. At last report, 1887, 
 was Principal of Healdsburg public schools. 
 
 Mrs. Ada E. Wright San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 471 Haight Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Eighth Street Primary School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 since February, 1869. Taught in Santa Clara County one year previous. 
 
 Harriet L. Wooll San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 719 Polk Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Spring Valley Primary School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 since September, 1867. 
 
 EIGHTH CLASS-NOVEMBER, 1867. 
 Roxa S. Cocks San Francisco. 
 
 At last report was married (name unknown), and living in Washington 
 Territory. 
 
 Roscoe L. Eames _Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, 46 O'Farrell Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught for two years after graduation in Clayton, Contra Costa County. 
 Engaged in bookkeeping and railroading in Los Angeles County six years; 
 in bookkeeping in Oakland four years ; since then has been a stenographer 
 in San Francisco. Is now Principal of the Short-Hand Department of 
 Barnard's Business College and a short-hand reporter. Is the author of 
 a "Text-Book of Light-Line Short-Hand." Married Christmas, 1874, to 
 Ninetta Wiley. 
 
 Maggie Howard San Francisco. 
 
 Mo report. Married (name unknown). 
 
160 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Byron E. Hunt Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in San Mateo County three years; Alameda County, six months; 
 Sierra County, one year ; Placer County, six months ; Napa County, five and 
 one half years ; Marysville High School, two years. Left teaching in 1881, 
 to practice law. Was a lawyer in Napa City several years. Also filled the 
 office of Justice of the Peace and Police Judge. Is now General Agent for 
 Southern California of the Pacific Endowment League. Married June 1, 
 1873. Three children. 
 
 Martha A. Lawless San Francisco. 
 
 No report. Married (name unknown), and living in San Rafael. 
 
 C. D. McNaughton (deceased) El Dorado County. 
 
 Mary E. Perkins (Mrs. W. A. Mathews) Colusa County. 
 
 Present address, Selma, Fresno County. 
 Taught. One son. 
 
 Mary E. Savage (Mrs. McKown) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1316 Steiner Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since March, 1868; teaching in Lincoln 
 Grammar School. Is a widow. 
 
 Marion H. Sears San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Henrietta S. Slater (Mrs. John A. Mclntire). -Sacramento Co. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 Took further work and received a second diploma with Class of May, 
 1868. Taught one year in San Jose Institute. Entered High School in 
 Sacramento, and graduated in 1872. Taught two years in public schools of 
 Sacramento. Married in June, 1874. Two children. Not teaching. 
 
 NINTH CLASS-MAY, 1868. 
 Truman P. Ashbrook (deceased) Napa County. 
 
 Taught successfully in Placer, Trinity, and Butte Counties, about ten 
 years. In the fall of 1878 he took the school at Susan ville, Lassen County. 
 On the twenty-seventh of December, 1878, while skating alone on Honey 
 Lake, he fell into an air hole and was drowned. Brother's address, M. V. 
 Ashbrook, attorney at law, Fresno City. 
 
 Ella E. Bachelder (Mrs. 0. C. Stonder) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Pablo, Contra Costa County. 
 Has not taught. Married in 1872 to Dr. David Goodale, since deceased, 
 and in 1885 to O. C. Stonder. Four children. 
 
State Normal School. 1 6 1 
 
 Lizzie C. Betancue Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 487 Twenty-sixth Street, Oakland. 
 At last report, April, 1883, was teaching in Oakland, where she had taught 
 constantly since graduation, with the exception of a vacation of one and 
 one half years. 
 
 Lucy Bonnell (Mrs. Corcoran) San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Julia B. Brown (Mrs. Arthur J. Foster) El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, 317 Seventeenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught twelve years in San Francisco. 
 
 Annie Cathoart (Mrs. Theller) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1886, San Francisco. 
 
 Lizzie Cope San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Danville, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught three months. 
 
 Lillian A. Crittenden San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Frances A. Day Calaveras County. 
 
 Address in 1886, Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County. 
 Taught sixteen years. 
 
 Sarah Field (Mrs. Daniel Swett) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Residence, Alameda; mail address, No. 6 Montgomery Avenue, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco seven years. Married September 2, 1875. Not 
 taught since. Two children. 
 
 Anna Hall (Mrs. 0. I. Bradley) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1884, Santa Cruz. 
 Not taught. 
 
 Sallie L. Hall (Mrs. De Witt Vestal) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Address in 1886, San Jose. 
 
 Josiah S. Hammond San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Butte City, Montana. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, four years; Yolo County, one year; State 
 of Nevada, eleven months; County Superintendent of Lander County, 
 Nevada, one term. Left teaching in November, 1873, to practice medicine. 
 Now a practicing physician in Butte City. Married December 25, 1867. Six 
 children. 
 
 Julia Heney (Mrs. John Haynes) San Francisco. 
 
 Address in 1886, Tucson, Arizona. Taught in San Francisco from Au- 
 gust, 1870, to January, 1880. 
 
1 62 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Fannie R. Jacks Napa County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Amelia Joice (Mrs. John E. Cosgriff), (deceased) .San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco. Married June 26, 1872. Had three children ; 
 two now living. Died January 10, 1879. 
 
 Edward W. Jones Colusa County. 
 
 At last report, April, 1883, was a merchant in Colusa. Had not taught. 
 
 Anna La Grange (Mrs. C. S. Coleman) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Leandro, Alameda County. 
 Taught two years. Not teaching. 
 
 Beatrice M. Lawrey (Mrs. B. L. Hollenbeck)__ Santa Clara Co. 
 Present address, Pacific Grove, Monterey County. 
 Taught in San Jose public schools from July, 1868, to November, 1883, 
 except twelve months' leave of absence; in Preparatory Class, State Normal 
 School, from November, 1883, to June, 1887. Not teaching. Married Jan- 
 uary 31, 1871. Two children. 
 
 Susie S. Lawton San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Annie H. Lewis (Mrs. Troy Shelley) San Francisco. 
 
 Missionary in Japan. 
 
 Mary Little (Mrs. W. E. Price) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 537 Haight Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco from October, 1868, to September, 1888. 
 
 William N. Magoon Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Stony Point. 
 Taught in Sonoma County, six years; and one term each in Colusa, 
 Mendocino, Yuba, Contra Costa, and Monterey Counties — about ten years 
 in all. Since then has engaged in blacksmithing and carriage making. 
 Married April 30, 1884. 
 
 Amelia L. Maison (Mrs. Thos. Dorland) ..Contra Costa County. 
 
 Address in 1886, San Francisco. 
 
 Lizzie McCollam (Mrs. Geo. Tasheira) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Sausalito, Marin County. 
 Taught two years. Not teaching. 
 
 Lottie McKean (Mrs. A. T. Winn) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 230 Herman Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco from March, 1869, to September, 1880. 
 
 Helen McPherson (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
State Normal School. 163 
 
 Sumner F. Paine ,__ Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, Meridian, Sutter County. 
 Engaged in farming. 
 
 Anna M. Palmer (Mrs. C. C. Weisenburger) Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Taught about five years in Nevada County. Left school teaching in 1873 
 to teach music. Married August 5, 1875. 
 
 David Powell Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, Marysville, Yuba County. 
 Taught in Sutter County, five months ; Contra Costa County, twelve 
 months. Left teaching in 1870, to study medicine. Now a practicing phy- 
 sician and surgeon. 
 
 Troy Shelley Sutter County. 
 
 Missionary in Japan. 
 
 John A. Smith Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Point Arena, Mendocino County. • 
 Has taught most of the time since graduation. Married. Three children. 
 
 Mary Smith San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from August, 1869, to April, 1881. 
 
 Elizabeth Staples (Mrs. Emlin Painter), (deceased) 
 
 : San Francisco. 
 
 Marion Stokum San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Mary E. Stone (Mrs. J. M. Caldwell). San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 10 Mission Avenue, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Bernal Heights School. Taught in San Francisco since 
 June, 1868. 
 
 Addle Treadway (Mrs. C. D. Ambrose), (deceased) Napa Co. 
 
 Taught three terms in Santa Clara County. Married February 2, 1870. 
 Died November 7, 1879. Daughter's address, Mary L. Ambrose, Ukiah City. 
 
 Mary Ward Calaveras County. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from June, 1869, to May, 1875. 
 
 TENTH CLASS-MAY, 1869. 
 Mary Bell San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Annie Bryant (Mrs. Anderson) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, 3044 Sixteenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Hayes Valley Primary School. 
 
164 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Samuel F. Buckman New York. 
 
 Present address, San Buenaventura. 
 Has filled the office of County Superintendent. 
 
 Ruth G. Campbell „San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1220 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught three months in Napa County and remainder of the time since 
 graduation in public schools of San Francisco. Now teaching in the Broad- 
 way Grammar School. 
 
 John M. Curragh Alameda County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Marietta J. Gould (Mrs. Buzzo) .-Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught eleven years in the San Jose" schools. Not taught since 1884. 
 Married September 25, 1873. One child. In 1872-73 was member of County 
 Board of Santa Clara County. 
 
 Annie E. "Grogan El Dorado County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Annie M. Hayburn (Mrs. Ward Brown) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 342 Grove Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught until July, 1882, in San Francisco. Not taught since. Married 
 June 25, 1878. Three children. 
 
 Absalom T. Jones Sonoma County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Louisa Lacey (Mrs. John Rolls) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Pafael. 
 Taught four years in San Francisco. Married in 1875. Not taught since. 
 Two children. 
 
 Emily U. Lindberg San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 116 Turk Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught in San Francisco since October, 1874. Teaching in the South 
 Cosmopolitan Grammar School. 
 
 Clara A. Mackie (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Jennie S. Mann (Mrs. A. L. Mann) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2402 Mission Street, San Francisco. 
 Principal of Shotwell Street Primary School. Has taught in San Fran- 
 cisco since October, 1874. 
 
 Kate F. McColgan San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1809 Ellis Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in the South Cosmopolitan Grammar School. Has taught in 
 San Francisco since June, 1869. 
 
State Normal School. 165 
 
 Clara B. Millett (Mrs. W. B. Rankin) San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Carrie A. Northcutt (Mrs. Angus Boggs) Solano County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Olive G. Parker San Francisco. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Adella Pepper Placer County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Mary E. Pratt (Mrs. A. W. Tate) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Corralitos, Santa Cruz County. 
 Taught in Alameda County, three and one half years; Merced County, 
 four years; Contra Costa County, five months. Married December 5, 1877. 
 Two children. Not taught since marriage. 
 
 Nellie Robinett (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Maggie E. Smith (Mrs. J. T. McGeoghegan) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught before marriage. 
 
 Esther Solomon (Mrs. Haber), (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Mattie H. Stegman Mariposa County. 
 
 At last report was married (name unknown), and living at Pescadero. 
 
 Augusta M. Stowe (Mrs. A. M. Crichton) __Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 29 San Augustine Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught several years in San Jose\ 
 
 Mary A. Thomas (Mrs. Oscar Dunbar) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Astoria, Oregon. 
 Taught in San Francisco from February, 1872, to December, 1879. Taught 
 in Modesto also. One child. 
 
 Maggie H. Watson (Mrs. J. H. Currier) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2012 Taylor Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught constantly since graduation in the public schools of San Fran- 
 cisco. Teaching in the Starr King Primary School. Married June 3, 1875 
 
 Alice Weed San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1217 Leavenworth Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught six months in San Mateo County, and fourteen years in San 
 Francisco. Teaching in Pacific Heights School. 
 
 12 
 
1 66 Historical Sketch, 
 
 Ella L. Whitmore (Mrs. Wm. Gregory) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Livermore, Alameda County. 
 Teaching near Livermore. Has taught in Alameda County seventeen 
 years. Married December 24, 1885. 
 
 Mary A. Wright (Mrs. Van Schaick) Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Gilroy, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one term ; in Gilroy, twelve years ; now 
 Principal of the Gilroy High School. Married June 6, 1872. One child. 
 
 ELEVENTH CLASS— MARCH, 1870. 
 Clara A. Adams San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1910 Hyde Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Greenwich Primary School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 sixteen years. 
 
 Arminta E. Allison (Mrs. Wm. White) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, 304 Eighteenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Has substituted in the San Francisco schools at different times, but not 
 taught regularly since graduation. Married April 25, 1870, to Wm. White, 
 a teacher of many years experience. Has two children. Her daughter is a 
 teacher in San Francisco. 
 
 Bertha A. Bicknell (Mrs. D. P. Fenton) __Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 3624 Sacramento Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two years ; Solano County, two years; San 
 Francisco, twelve years. Teaching in the Redding Primary School. Was 
 employed as a type-writer two years. 
 
 Sarah J. Boyle San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from June, 1870, to March, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Mary Alice Burrill (Mrs. N. G. Simonds) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 5 Pickman Street, Salem, Massachusetts. 
 Taught one and one half years in San Francisco. Married September 11, 
 1873. One child. 
 
 Joanna T. Casey Shasta County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Leonora M. Carothers (Mrs. Barry Baldwin), (deceased) . 
 
 Contra Costa County. 
 
 Isabel Carruthers (Mrs. I. Woodland) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 5 Yerba Buena Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in the Garfield Primary School. 
 
 James E. Clark Washington Territory. 
 
 No report. 
 
State Normal School. 167 
 
 Mary A. Colby (Mrs. Ramsdell). Nevada County. 
 
 In 1887 was teaching in Pasadena. Taught in San Francisco from Aug- 
 ust, 1870, to July, 1882. 
 
 Augusta R. Eastman San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from January, 1872, to August, 1874. . 
 
 Abbie A. Garland San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 215 Powell Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Mateo County a year. Has taught in San Francisco since 
 October, 1874. Teaching in the South -Cosmopolitan Primary School. 
 
 Annie A. Gibson (Mrs. Frank Clayton) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, 163 Second Street, Portland, Oregon. 
 Taught for some time in Solano County. Married May 23, 1872. Four 
 children. 
 
 Katie Green San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from August, 1870, to February, 1888. 
 
 Mary L. Greer (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco seventeen years. Died May 11, 1888. 
 
 Loleta Graffelman (Mrs. Winchester) Alameda County. 
 
 Resides in Oregon. Taught four years. 
 
 Annie E. Haas (Mrs. Robert Broad) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught one and one half years. 
 
 Deborah W. Hardman (Mrs. C. Ham) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught two years. 
 
 Mary J. Henderson Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught four months in Nevada County; seventeen years in San Fran- 
 cisco. Teaching in Noe and Temple Street School." 
 
 Alvin J. Howe Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Ana, Orange County. 
 Physician. Taught two years. 
 
 Adella Marvin (Mrs. Clark) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, St. Paul, Minnesota. 
 
 Mary Matthews San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from November, 1871, to November, 1882. 
 
 Annie M. McKean (Mrs. B. F. Rush) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Suisun, Solano County. 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County. Not teaching. Married June 
 20, 1876. Four children. 
 
1 68 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Alberta S. Montgomery (Mrs. Ecker) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in San Jose for seven years after graduation. Married March 17, 
 1878, and removed to Ohio. One child. Lived in Ohio ten j^ears and then 
 returned to California. Now teaching in San Jose\ 
 
 Isabella M. Murphy (Mrs. Miller) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught four years. 
 
 Kate R. O'Leary San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2116 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in the South Cosmopolitan Grammar School. Has taught in 
 San Francisco since May, 1871. 
 
 Rosa Randall (Mrs. Weir) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Honolulu, H. I. 
 Taught one year in Contra Costa County before marriage. Three children. 
 
 Georgie A. Stackpole (Mrs. H. Belden) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 
 Nellie A. Savage (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from February, 1872, to November, 1878. 
 
 Sarah I. Shuey Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Lamanda Park, Los Angeles County. 
 Taught three and one half years in Alameda County after graduation. 
 Took an academic course in the State University, followed by a medical 
 course. Graduated with degree of M.D. in 1878. Has practiced medicine 
 since. Now has charge of a sanitarium in the San Gabriel Valley. 
 
 Alice R. Snow (Mrs. Geo. Pardee), (deceased) Santa Cruz Co. 
 
 Taught in Watsonville before marriage. Died in Watsonville in 1887. 
 Two children, one living. 
 
 Maggie Sprott San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 4 Ford Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Lincoln Evening School. Has taught in San Francisco since 
 March, 1873. 
 
 Helen M. Stone (deceased) Alameda County. 
 
 Taught eleven years. Died in June, 1882. 
 
 Emma E. C. Stincen San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 816 Chestnut Street, San Francisco. 
 Principal of Whittier Primary School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 since September, 1870. 
 
 Anna M. Stockton (Mrs. Custer) Sacramento County. 
 
 Living in Pennsylvania. 
 
State Normal School. 169 
 
 Fannie A. Sherman (Mrs. Guppy) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 Taught five years. 
 
 Henry I. Tillotson Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Michigan Bluff, Placer County. 
 Taught in Alameda County, one and one half years; Contra Costa 
 County, five years. Left the profession in 1875, to engage in a general 
 merchandise business. Since 1886 has been engaged in gold mining. 
 
 Emma Tillotson (deceased) Solano County. 
 
 Taught one year. Died in 1871. 
 
 Cynthia M. Turner (Mrs. P. W. Dooner). -Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, 742 S. Fort Street, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three years; Calaveras County, five 
 months ; San Mateo County, four months. Not teaching. Married May 25, 
 1876. One child. 
 
 Emmet L. Wemple Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, Antioch, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, two years ; Sutter County, three months. 
 Entered the Pacific Medical College, May, 1871, and graduated November, 
 1873. Practiced medicine in Nortonville, Contra Costa County, two years. 
 Since April, 1876, has resided in Antioch and continued in his profession. 
 Married April 15, 1874, to Miss Annie I. Gunn. Has three children. Was 
 Superintendent of Schools in Contra Costa County from November, 1877, 
 to January, 1879. 
 
 Jessie E. Wilson (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Died November 30, 1872. Her mother's address in 1883, was 13 Ridley 
 Street, San Francisco. 
 
 Marie Withrow Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 925 Pine Street, San Francisco. 
 Has devoted her time since graduation to teaching and studying music. 
 "Was superintendent of Music in the public schools of San Francisco 
 County several years. Spent a number of years at Munich, Germany, per- 
 fecting her musical education. Now teaching music in the Boys' High 
 School, and in the Polytechnic Institute. Has private pupils and classes 
 also. 
 
 Edith L. Wetmore (Mrs. Horswill) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Clayton. 
 Is now a widow. Has three children. 
 
 Jennie Yates Sonoma Count}\ 
 
 No report. 
 
170 Historical Sketch. 
 
 TWELFTH CLASS-MARCH, 1871. 
 N.Jane Bell (Mrs. Sykes) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 13 Dehon Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Sanchez Street Primary School. Has taught in San Fran- 
 cisco since August, 1872. 
 
 Julia I. Benjamin (Mrs. Owen Moran) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Suisun, Solano County. 
 Taught from July, 1871, to June, 1876, in Vallejo, Oakland, and San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Celina R. Carrau (Mrs. Pechin) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1778 Green Street, San Francisco. 
 Principal of the Greenwich Street Primary School. Has taught in San 
 Francisco since September, 1871. 
 
 Ellen A. Conmy (Mrs. John Gordon) Shasta County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in San Jose\ Taught seventeen years. 
 
 Hattie G. Clark (Mrs. Wm. Faull) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, 2023 Broadway, San Francisco. 
 Taught four years in Amador and Contra Costa Counties. Not taught 
 since marriage. 
 
 Mary A. Cottle (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County. Died soon after. 
 
 Mary I. Doyle San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from July, 1871, to August, 1885. Is married 
 (name unknown), and lives in Mendocino City. 
 
 Annie A. Fletcher (Mrs. D. 0. Kelley) Nevada County. 
 
 . Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught in San Francisco two years. Married April, 1874. Not taught 
 since. Eight children ; seven living. Husband an Episcopal clergyman. 
 
 Emily F. Geer (Mrs. R. Cavin) Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Concord, Contra Costa County. 
 
 George H. Hardy Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, Independence, Inyo County. 
 Taught three years in Inyo County. Was County Treasurer eight years. 
 Now a clerk and bookkeeper. Married August 13, 1871. Four children. 
 
 Mary E. King (Mrs. H. A. Powell) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 921 Myrtle Street, Oakland. 
 Taught in San Francisco three years. Not taught since marriage, May 
 1,1876. Three children. 
 
State Normal School. i 7 1 
 
 Matilda M. E. Moore San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 126 Collingwood Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Sanchez Street Primary School. Has taught in San Fran- 
 cisco since November, 1872. 
 
 Louise Maguire (Mrs. John F. Hottel) Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Taught nine years in Napa County, four years of that time in Napa City. 
 Married March 1, 1881. Not taught since. One child. 
 
 Malvina C. Pelton (Mrs. N. I. Wilson) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 838 Guerrero Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one year in public schools of San Francisco and four years in 
 Zeitska Institute. Married in 1877. Not taught since. Is now a widow. 
 Three children. 
 
 Susanna R. Plank (Mrs. Jas. M. Sharp) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Saticoy, Ventura County. 
 Taught in Sonoma County for four years ; Ventura County, five months. 
 Not teaching. Married August 6, 1874. Six children. 
 
 Ella L. Russell (Mrs. Clyne) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 Taught. 
 
 John C. Ruddock Tuolumne County. 
 
 Permanent address, Ukiah, Mendocino County. 
 Taught in Sacramento County, six months ; Mendocino County, eleven 
 years. Was County Superintendent of Mendocino County three terms. 
 Married February 4, 1880, to Kate Siddons, Class of March, 1877. Two 
 children, one living. His wife died July 24, 1884. Is now Chief Clerk in 
 the office of the Surveyor-General, San Francisco. 
 
 Ella I. Sherman (Mrs. George Stone) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, 169 Tenth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught one year in Calaveras County, one year in Napa County, one 
 year in Marin County, four months in Contra Costa County, four months 
 in Oakland. Married July 12, 1875. Not taught since. Three children. 
 
 James M. Sharp Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Saticoy, Ventura County. 
 Taught in Ventura County three years. Now engaged in farming. Mar- 
 ried August 6, 1874, to Susanna P. Plank, of same class. Six children. 
 
 Marcus T. Sickal San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Benicia, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Solano County, nine and one half years ; Nevada County, one 
 year; Los Angeles, five months. Not taught since 1881 on account of ill 
 health, but intends to teach again. Superintendent of Overfelt Cattle Com- 
 pany, Oregon. Traveling. Married July 3, 1878. Two children. 
 
 Mary A. Tyus (Mrs. Williams) Santa Cruz County.. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 
172 Historical Sketch. 
 
 THIRTEENTH CLASS-MARCH, 1872. 
 Nellie Ashurst Colusa County. 
 
 Taught in Colusa County four years; was then married and went to 
 Omaha. Further history unknown. Has been reported deceased. 
 
 Charles R. Beal _. Calaveras County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught fourteen years in Calaveras County, six years of this time as 
 Principal of San Andreas School. Was Superintendent of Schools in that 
 county eight years. Edited a paper at San Andreas ten years. Not taught 
 since 1885. Is now Inspector of Customs, San Francisco. 
 
 Bessie Dixon Marin County. 
 
 Present address, 1414 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught constantly since graduation, since 1875 in San Francisco. Teach- 
 ing in Valencia Grammar School. 
 
 Phoebe A. Frisbie (Mrs. E. L. Bailey) Solano County. 
 
 Taught in Vallejo, three years; private school, one year; Monterey 
 County, three months. Not tatight since marriage. Married in 1877. In 
 1885 was living in Battle Mountain, Nevada. 
 
 Julia A. Fisk (Mrs. Parker) Santa Clara County. 
 
 In 1887 was living in Los Angeles. Not teaching. One child. Has 
 taught. 
 
 George C. Hixon Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Barbara. 
 Taught in Butte, Monterey, Santa Clara, and Tulare Counties, six years 
 in all. Farming. 
 
 Emily H. Hilton Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 572 Tenth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught constantly since graduation, with the exception of one and one 
 half years spent in Europe. Teaching in Oakland. 
 
 Thos. E. Kennedy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 1319J Broadway, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Jose" several years, to 1885. Practiced law for some time. 
 Now head Inspector of Schools in San Francisco. 
 
 Charles E. Markham Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland, care of Joaquin Miller. 
 Taught in San Luis Obispo County, six months; Christian College, 
 Sonoma County, two years ; El Dorado County, four years ; other places, 
 one and one half years. Was County Superintendent of El Dorado County 
 seven years. Has spent much time in literary work. Has written poems 
 and sketches for prominent magazines, and delivered lectures upon sub- 
 jects connected with English and American literature. Married. No chil- 
 dren. Expects to settle on a fruit farm near Oakland soon. 
 
State Normal School. 173 
 
 Augusta M. Phelps Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, South Hero, Grand Isle County, Vermont. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, one year; Solano County, five months; 
 Plumas County, three months ; Yolo County, three years; Vermont, three 
 months. Was Town Superintendent of Schools in South Hero for a time. 
 Not teaching at present on account of household duties. 
 
 Martha J. Peckham (Mrs. H. F. Pray) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Booneville, Mendocino County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two years ; Napa County, three years ; 
 Solano County, nine years; Mendocino County, three years. Teaching. 
 Married March 2, 1879. One child, deceased. Is preparing a work entitled 
 " Lectures to Young Teachers." 
 
 Chattie K. Rjxon (Mrs. Chauncey Gaines) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Berkeley, Alameda County. 
 Taught seven years. Not teaching. 
 
 Virginia P. Stephens (Mrs. Zumwalt) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught several years in Southern California, then married V. M. P. Zum- 
 walt, of Visalia. Is now a widow, with one child, and is residing in Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 Eulalia A. Terry (Mrs. E. A. Wilson) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 1309 New Broadway Street, Oakland. 
 Taught in Sacramento County, one and one half years; in San Francisco, 
 ten years. Is now Principal of the Temescal School, which position she 
 has held for the past four years. 
 
 Etta M. Wagenseller (Mrs. John Leininger), (deceased)-- 
 
 Sonoma County. 
 
 Taught in Sonoma, Mendocino, Tehama, and Butte Counties. Married 
 September 23, 1875, and resided at Nord, Butte County, where she was active 
 • in church and Sunday School work. Her health failed slowly for two 
 years, and in May, 1888, hoping to regain it, she went to Saratoga Springs. 
 There she died June 13, 1888. She was buried at Ukiah, Mendocino County. 
 She left two children. 
 
 Alma Wallace - Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Napa County three years. Since then has taught in Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 Fannie Wignall (Mrs. Simon Clasey) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, "Washburn, Blackhawk County, Iowa. 
 Taught in San Luis Obispo County, five months ; Santa Clara County, one 
 year. Left teaching because of ill health. Married July 18, 1878. Two 
 children. 
 
1 74 Historical Sketch. 
 
 FOURTEENTH CLASS-MARCH, 1873. 
 Louis Bruch Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has taught constantly since graduation. Teaching near San Jose*. 
 
 Josephine Cahill (Mrs. G. E. McStay) San Joaquin County. 
 
 In 1883 was living in Stockton. 
 
 Anna Carroll (Mrs. Hawley) Placer County. 
 
 Taught in Placer County, five months; San Diego, one year; Santa Bar- 
 bara County, three years. In 1886 was teaching at Carpenteria. Married 
 in October, 1874. Two children. 
 
 Lemuel J. Chipman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Yuba County, three months ; Santa Clara County, tbree years, 
 the last two as Principal of Schools in San Jose. Was City Superintendent 
 of San Jos6 schools two years. For the past eleven years he has held the 
 office of County Superintendent of Santa Clara County. 
 
 William F. F. Foss Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Yuba County, three years ; Santa Clara County, seven years. 
 Now real estate and insurance agent in San Jose. 
 
 Henry Goodcell San Bernardino County. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Taught two years. Was County Superintendent one term. Practicing 
 law. Married Minnie A. Bennett, Class of March, 1874, who died in Novem- 
 ber, 1886. Three children. 
 
 Dora B. Harris (Mrs. Rogers) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Bakersfield, Kern County. 
 Taught four years in Vallejo; six years in Kern County. Teaching. 
 Married December 27, 1877. One child. 
 
 Mary E. Hendrix (Mrs. Thompson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Cornelius, Washington County, Oregon. 
 Taught in Placer County, two years; Monterey County, three years; San 
 Luis Obispo County, two years; Oregon, three years. Teaching. Married 
 June 14, 1874. Husband died in 1880. Three children. 
 
 Lella Kratzer (Mrs. Bacher) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Gilroy. 
 Taught in Placer County, three months; Plumas County, two years; San 
 Benito County, three years ; Santa Clara County, six years. Teaching in 
 Gilroy. Married January 14, 1877. Two children. 
 
State Normal School. 175 
 
 Luella Kelsoe (Mrs. Samuel Hirst) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Rosa. 
 Has taught in Sonoma and Lake Counties constantly since graduation, 
 with the exception of four years. Married July 15, 1886. Not teaching at 
 present, but has not left the profession. 
 
 Mary Merritt (Mrs. J. Henry) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, St. Cloud House, Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught before marriage. Has six children. 
 
 Isabel Merritt (Mrs. Campbell) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Tulare. 
 Taught in Napa County, three months; Plumas County, one month; 
 Monterey County, four months ; Santa Clara County, four months; Merced 
 County, three months; San Francisco, five years; Tulare County, two 
 years. Teaching. Married June 10, 1881. Three children. 
 
 Ella H. Murdock (Mrs. Burnett) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County six years. Has one child. 
 
 Julia F. Martin (Mrs. Hornsback) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught several years in Gilroy. Teaching in Los Angeles. One child. 
 
 Lizzie Roberts (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught for a short time. 
 
 Delia R. Snow Washington Territory. 
 
 Present address, Salt Lake Citj'-, Utah Territory. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, three months ; Placer County, four months; 
 Plumas County, eight months. In 1874 went to Utah, to take a position in 
 a mission school at Salt Lake, in which she taught six months. Then 
 taught in a mission school in southern Utah two and one half years. Not 
 teaching. Left the work partly on account of health and partly because 
 of home duties. 
 
 Nellie M. Starr (Mrs. A. J. Hanson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 In 1883 was living in Sacramento. 
 Taught before marriage. 
 
 Olivia L. Taylor San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1604 Mission Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Sacramento County, three months; State of Nevada, over 
 nine years. Not teaching. 
 
 Etta M. Tilton San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, San Mateo. 
 Taught constantly since graduation; for the past nine years in San 
 Mateo. 
 
176 . Historical Sketch. 
 
 Augusta S. Withington (Mrs. W. H. S. Welch) .Amador County. 
 
 Present address, 215 South Hill Street, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Merced County, one year; Contra Costa County, one year; 
 Amador Connty, thirteen years. Not teaching. Married October 24, 1883. 
 
 FIFTEENTH CLASS-MARCH, 1874. 
 
 Cecilia M. Auld Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Grand View Hotel, Los Angeles. 
 Taught fourteen years. Teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 W 
 
 Minnie A. Bennett (Mrs. Henry Goodcell) , (deceased) 
 
 El Dorado County. 
 
 Mrs. Goodcell taught very successfully for about eight years. Was teach- 
 ing what she intended as her last term when she was taken ill with fever. 
 She died in November, 1886, after a month's illness. Her husband was a 
 member of the Class of March, 1873. Three children. 
 
 Mary E. D. Blackstaff (Mrs. John McCarthy) 
 
 Present address, 2213 Polk Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Marin County two years. Not teaching. Married September 
 16, 1877, 
 
 Mary Bird Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught three years in Los Angeles ; for past ten years as Principal of the 
 Willow Glen School, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Edward R.Brooks Contra Costa County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Ella W. Carswell (Mrs. Wm. Reynolds) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 
 Lizzie Cory (Mrs. H. C. Ledyard) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in San Jose - three years, to 1878. Married in 1879. Not taught 
 since. Two children. Resided in Constantinople, Turkey, for several years. 
 Has lately returned to California. 
 
 Alice A. Crumry El Dorado County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Frances M. Day (deceased) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Taught five and one half years in San Joaquin County and five months 
 in Calaveras County. Married December 16, 1880. One child. Date of 
 death not reported. Father's address, T. B. Day, Stockton. 
 
State Normal School. 177 
 
 Florence Grigsby (Mrs. E. C. Singletary) Wisconsin. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught two and one half years in Training Department of the Normal 
 School at San Jose\ Married in 1876. Not taught since marriage. 
 
 Pacific Guild (Mrs. N. S. Nichols) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Taught three months in Santa Cruz County. Married November 19, 
 1874. Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 Hulda A. Hammond Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 777 S. Second Street, San Jose. • 
 Taught in Monterey, three years ; Dixon, three years ; San Jose, five years. 
 Teaching in San Jose\ Work suspended two years on account of ill health. 
 
 S. Estelle Hammond (Mrs. Greathead) Santa Clara Count}'. 
 
 Present address, 777 S. Second Street, San Jose. 
 Taught in public schools of Santa Clara and San Jose 1 seven years. Mar- 
 ried in 1877. One child. Work suspended after marriage for six years. 
 Left the profession in 1887 for other business. Now engaged in stenography 
 and type-writing. Was for a time an editor of a children's magazine. 
 
 Carrie M. Henn (Mrs. W. J. Landers) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Leandro. 
 Taught two years in San Jose. Married in 1875. Three children. 
 
 Ella A. Jackson (Mrs. Henry Fisher) Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Woodland. 
 Taught one year. Married in 1876. Not taught since. 
 
 W. Jerome Jewell (deceased) Solano County. 
 
 Went to New York State in 1875, where he taught eleven years. On ac- 
 count of failing health, returned to California in 1886. After a year's rest, 
 began teaching in Pomona, Los Angeles County. Had taught six weeks 
 when he was taken ill with typhoid fever. Died December 4, 1887. Two 
 children ; one living. His widow and surviving child reside at Pomona. 
 Mr. Jewell was an earnest Christian man and a teacher of more than ordi- 
 nary ability. 
 
 Isabelle Johnson (Mrs. Curtis Johnson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Rohnerville, Humboldt County. 
 Taught in Sonoma and Humboldt Counties. Married in 1878. One child. 
 Not teaching. 
 
 Samuel E. Johnson Sutter County. 
 
 No report. 
 
 Ariadne G. Ketcham (Mrs. L. L. Nattinger) _ .Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, twelve months; Santa Clara County, six 
 years. Not taught since November, 1884. Married February 2, 1879. One 
 child. 
 
1 7 8 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Sallie E. Keefer (Mrs. John Wade) El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, 830 Myrtle Street, Oakland. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, three years ; Plumas County, one year ; 
 Yuba County, one year; Oakland, one term; Arizona, one year. Married 
 October, 1876. Two children. Not teaching. 
 
 Susie E. Kneedler (Mrs. A. P. Logan) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Solano County, three months; Santa Clara County, three 
 months. Married March 4, 1875. Not taught since. One child. 
 
 Edith J. Martin San Bernardino. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Has been teaching in San Bernardino County since graduation. 
 
 Emmeline R. Mead (Mrs. Leslie A. Jordan) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught one year in Contra Costa County. Married June 17, 1875. Not 
 taught since. Five children. 
 
 Chas. N. Miller Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, corner Thirteenth and Howard Streets, San Francisco. 
 Physician. 
 
 Mrs. Amanda Miller Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, corner Thirteenth and Howard Streets, San Francisco. 
 
 Mrs. Maria E. Mumford Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, 922 Ninth Street, Sacramento. 
 Is Principal of a public school in Sacramento. Has taught continuously 
 since graduation. 
 
 Maria E. Murdoch Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught continuously since graduation. Teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 Annie L. Murphy (deceased) __' Alameda County. 
 
 Taught one year. 
 
 Maggie O'Rourke San Francisco. 
 
 Taught in San Francisco from October, 1876, until August, 1887. 
 
 Mary A. Taylor (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught eleven years in Mountain View, Santa Clara County. Was 
 obliged to suspend work in December, 1885, on account of failing health. 
 Died at Mountain View January 16, 1888. 
 
 William A. Wash •_ . Missouri. 
 
 Present address, Dallas, Oregon. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, five months; Stanislaus County, ten 
 months; Tulare County, three years; Butte County, one year; Washing- 
 
State Normal School. 1 79 
 
 ton Territory, two years ; Oregon, one year. Edited a paper at Goldendale, 
 W. T., five years — 1881-86. Now editing " Polk County Itemizer," at Dallas. 
 Published a book concerning the late war entitled "Camp, Field, and Prison 
 • Life." Married December 24, 1884, to Helen McPheeters. One child. 
 
 Julia M. Whiting (Mrs. E. J. Doering) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Not taught since graduation. At last report, 1883, was living in Chicago, 
 Illinois. Address, 2330 Indiana Avenue. 
 
 N. Zoraide Woodward Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Merced. 
 Taught in Alameda County and Merced Count3 r constantly since gradua- 
 tion. Teaching in Merced. 
 
 SIXTEENTH CLASS-MARCH, 1875. 
 Emmogene A. Barnes (Mrs. Rufus Fiske)_. Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, four years ; in Marin County, one year. 
 Married May 8, 1879. One child. 
 
 Henry Bateman Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Woodland, Yolo County. 
 Farmer. 
 
 Emma S. Buckley Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 65 N. Eighth Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught continuously since graduation ; for the past twelve years in San 
 Jose\ 
 
 Minnie Clara Burt _" Amador County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught continuously since graduation. Teaching in Hester School, San 
 Jose\ 
 
 Mary E. Carr (Mrs. J. T. Apperson) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Red Bluff, Tehama County. 
 Taught six years. 
 
 Charlotte K. Clark San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 737 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Napa County, one year ; San Francisco, ten years. Teaching 
 in Mission Grammar School. 
 
 Marie Cole Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Hay wards, Alameda County. 
 Taught seven years. Teaching. Graduated from the State University 
 in 1879. 
 
 Anna B. Cowie (Mrs. Denniston) Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, 1224 Twenty-first Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one year. 
 
180 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Abbie A. Da vies (Mrs. Hayford) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Colfax, Placer County. 
 Taught in Contra Costa and Placer Counties twelve and one half months. 
 Married October 19, 1876. • 
 
 Belle J. Fagg (Mrs. F. H. Fowler). Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, Lincoln, Placer County. 
 Taught in Napa County, six and one half months ; Yuba County, seven 
 months; San Diego County, five months; Sierra County, twelve months; 
 Placer County, three years. At last report, June, 1887, was teaching at 
 Bolinas, Marin County. Married January 13, 1884. One child. 
 
 M. Fannie Farmer (Mrs. Geo. Bennett) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, 730 Shotwell Street, San Francisco. 
 
 Julia B. F arnsworth Santa Clara County. 
 
 Living near San Jose\ 
 Not taught. 
 
 Charles E. Farnham San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 672 Mission Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one and one half years. Left teaching to study medicine. Now 
 practicing medicine and surgery in San Francisco. Professor in Cooper 
 Medical College. 
 
 Harriet N. Gilmor (Mrs. W. E. Deering) Napa County. 
 
 Present address, St. John, Colusa County. 
 Taught six years before marriage. Not taught since. 
 
 Nathan C. Hanscom San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, San Andreas, Calaveras County. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, six months; Stanislaus County, four 
 years; Washington Territory, six months; Calaveras County, four years. 
 Teaching in San Andreas. For three years was traveling correspondent 
 and editor of newspapers. Married January 24, 1883. One child. 
 
 Julia L. Hauck Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Dresden, Germany. 
 Taught in San Benito County, one and one half years; San Jos6, five 
 years ; Oakland, five years ; Germany, two years. Teaching in a private 
 school in Dresden. 
 
 Alice M. Heath Los Angeles County. 
 
 Teaching a private school in Los Angeles County. 
 
 David F. Henning Santa Clara County. 
 
 Address, unknown. 
 Taught several years in Santa Clara County. 
 
 Minnie B. Hollenbeck (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 History unknown. 
 
State Normal School. 181 
 
 Millie S. Howard Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Danville, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, fourteen months ; Plumas County, one 
 month. Not taught since November, 1877, on account of home duties. 
 
 Rosina Intermille (Mrs. Morris Smith) Illinois. 
 
 Present address, Susanville, Lassen County. 
 Taught in Plumas County, one year; Butte County, six months; Lassen 
 County, one year; Modoc County, one year. Teaching in Modoc County. 
 Married October 22, 1875. Three children. 
 
 Millie R. Jones (Mrs. G. Ivancovich) Marin County. 
 
 Present address, Petaluma, Sonoma County. 
 Taught two and one half years before marriage. Not taught since. Eight 
 children ; five living. 
 
 Mary A. C. Leahy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 At last report, May, 1883, was teaching near Watsonville. 
 
 Mary Lewis (Mrs. Bronson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 1235 Park Avenue, Alameda. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, one year ; Santa Clara County, two years. 
 Not taught since June, 1878. Married April 21, 1878. Four children. 
 
 David F. Little (deceased) Monterey County. 
 
 Taught three years in Monterey. Gave up teaching because of ill health. 
 Died at his home, in Nova Scotia, July, 1884. He did some literary work, 
 mostly political. 
 
 Kate Martin (Mrs. Lewis Bozeman) Santa Clara County. 
 
 In 1886 was living in Montana. 
 
 Isabel May (Mrs. W. H. Church) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 920 Filbert Street, Oakland. 
 Taught six years. 
 
 Mary A. McDonnell (Mrs. J. W. Davis) State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Banning, San Bernardino County. 
 Taught six years in Gold Hill, Nevada. Married August 1, 1881. Not 
 taught since. Two children; one living. Husband died January 31, 1889. 
 
 Sabia E. Morey San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 1028J Folsom Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Mateo County, five months ; Santa Clara County, three 
 months; Marin County, two years; San Francisco, eight years. Teaching 
 in Tehama Primary School. 
 
 Rose E. Morgan Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, 1254 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Merced County, two months; Tuolumne County, three years; 
 Mendocino County, one month; San Francisco, ten years. Teaching in 
 Peabody Primary School, San Francisco. Held office of County Superin- 
 tendent in Tuolumne County two vears. 
 13 
 
1 82 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Annie J. Neary Sacramento County. 
 
 Taught constantly since graduation, with exception of one year. Teach- 
 ing in Sacramento. 
 
 William Pascoe Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, College Park. 
 Taught in Sonoma County, four months; Santa Clara County, four 
 months ; Shasta County, three j'ears ; Modoc County, one j'ear ; Contra 
 Costa County, one year; Alameda County, four months; Humboldt 
 County, two years. "Work suspended four years for other business. Is 
 now in the Auditing Department of "Wells & Fargo Express Co., San Fran- 
 cisco. Married July 20, 1880, to Jessica G. Allen, Class of March, 1877. 
 
 Ellis J. Root Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught six years. Since that time has been engaged in mercantile busi- 
 ness. Married. 
 
 Lizzie P. Sargent (Mrs. Lizzie P. Wilson) Amador County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Amador County, one year; Oakland, five years; seven years 
 in Normal School, San Jose\ Is now Principal of the Training Depart- 
 ment. Married August 2, 1888. 
 
 Emma Schenck (Mrs. Fred. Grimes) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 202 Sixteenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Marin County, two years. Not taught since April, 1877. Mar- 
 ried December 25, 1876. Three children. 
 
 James W. Shirley (deceased) Lake County. 
 
 "Was County Superintendent of Lake County in 1878. Died at Lakeport. 
 
 Adelia A. Stockton (Mrs. R. B. Stockton) .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Madera, Fresno County. 
 Taught one term in San Luis Obispo County, and one term in San Benito 
 County. Two children. 
 
 Emma M. Toy (Mrs. L. J. Chipman) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in San Jose\ Married December 7, 1876. Not taught 
 since. One child. 
 
 Belle J. Turner (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught five years. Died in 1880. 
 
 Florence M. Watkins (Mrs. Andrew P. Hill) .Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught eight years. Not teaching. Two children. 
 
 Alice M. Wells (Mrs. A. B. Nye) -. .Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland, Cal., care "Inquirer." 
 Taught nine years in Solano County; one year in Alameda County. 
 Married December, 1886. Not taught since. 
 
State Normal School. 183 
 
 Annie A. Wible _■ Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Crescent City, Del Norte County. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, one year; Monterey County, six years; 
 San Mateo County, one year; Humboldt County, four years. Not teach- 
 ing, but expects to resume work soon. 
 
 Julia F. Wible (Mrs. Bugbey ) Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 Taught until marriage, December, 1879. 
 
 Maey E. Wilson (Mrs. T. C. George) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in public schools of Santa Clara County, one year; in Normal 
 School, San Jos6, twelve years; was Principal of the Training Department 
 six years. Married June 7, 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 William R. Wilson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Address in 1886, Soquel, Santa Cruz County. 
 Had taught nine years. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH CLASS-MARCH, 1876. 
 
 Tidie Ayres (deceased) San Mateo County. 
 
 Taught two and one half years in Redwood City. Died in October, 1879. 
 
 Dollie C. Babcock (Mrs. Albert Maxson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Milton Junction, Rock County, Wisconsin. 
 
 Taught before marriage. 
 
 Mary P. Bassett (Mrs. 0. A. Hale) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in San J ose" five years. Married in 1881. One child. 
 
 Lizzie Banks (Mrs. L. B. Sparks) Nevada County. 
 
 . Present address, Michigan Bluff, Placer County. 
 Taught four years before marriage. Married in 1880. 
 
 Sarah F. Bonney (Mrs. Milton Henderson) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 615 Tenth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught before marriage. 
 
 Anne B. Campbell San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1220 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Sonoma, three months; in San Francisco, nine years. Teach- 
 ing in Washington Grammar School. 
 
 Clara Belle Churchill Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 418 S. Second Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one year; Trinity County, one year; San 
 Benito County, three months; San Luis Obispo County, nine and one half 
 years. Teaching at Paso Robles. 
 
184 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Henry F. Courter Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Healdsburg. 
 Taught in Pioneer District, Santa Clara County, three years ; in a private 
 family, eight months ; Principal of East San Jose School one year ; taught 
 music one year; Principal of San Yeidro School, Santa Clara County, one 
 year ; typesetter and assistant editor in the Pacific Press, Oakland, over a 
 year; Professor of Mathematics in Healdsburg College since August, 1886. 
 Married. No children. 
 
 Nathaniel W. Davis (deceased) Solano County. 
 
 Taught several terms. Died in 1883. His widow, Mrs. Alice Davis, lives 
 near Santa Clara. 
 
 Addie A. Davis (Mrs. C. 0. Spaulding) Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Folsom, Sacramento County. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, eight and one half years ; in Sacramento 
 County, four years. Teaching in Folsom. Married June 10, 1884. One 
 child. 
 
 Alfred Dixon Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, Michigan Bluff, Placer County. 
 Taught seven years in Contra Costa County. Is now engaged in mer- 
 cantile business. 
 
 Carrie S. Fairchild San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, 311 Polk Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught eleven years. Teaching in Broadway Grammar School. 
 
 Benjamin H. Franklin Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Cambria, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught in Cambria, five years. Left teaching September, 1881, to engage 
 in mercantile business. Married June 10, 1876. Three children. 
 
 Maggie Gardner (Mrs. 0. S. Meeker) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, three years; Merced County, one year; 
 San Jos£, three years. Has not taught since 1883. Married December 28, 
 1881. 
 
 Henry C. Gesford Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Taught in Napa County until 1880. Then went East and took a law 
 course in Iowa University and Michigan University. Began the practice 
 of law in Napa City, May, 1882. Was Superintendent of Schools in Napa 
 County, 1877-8; State Senator, 1887-8. Married December 3, 1882. One 
 child. 
 
 Minnie F. Hollron (Mrs. Gannon) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1755 Ellis Street. 
 Teaching in Longfellow Primary School. Taught in San Francisco since 
 October, 1877. 
 
State Normal School. 185 
 Ada Locke (Mrs. W. H. Cooke) 
 
 Present address, Lockeford, San Joaquin County. 
 Taught in Marin County, three months ; San Joaquin County, sixteen 
 months ; Napa County, two months ; Tulare County, fourteen months. 
 Married October 30, 1882, to Eev. W. H. Cooke. Two children; one living. 
 In July, 1886, resided in Oakland. Not teaching. 
 
 Susan McMullen (Mrs. Fred. Runyon) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1059 Poplar Street, Oakland. 
 Has taught. Two children. 
 
 Katie Mitchell (Mrs. H. H. West) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, 488 Twenty-third Street, Oakland. 
 
 Taught in Lassen County, two years; Contra Costa County, five and one 
 
 half years. Married January 1, 1884. One child. Went to the Sandwich 
 
 Islands in December, 1888, on account of her husband's health, and taught 
 
 . there a short time. Returned in March, 1889, because of the death of her 
 
 husband. Intends to continue teaching. 
 
 Kate McDonald (Mrs. B. F. Hyde) State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Taught in State of Nevada, one year; San Bernardino County, nine years. 
 Married July 14, 1886. Not taught since. One child. 
 
 Lila Murch (Mrs. Kirkpatrick) San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 Taught two and one half years in Redwood City. Married in 1880. Not 
 teaching. 
 
 Katie F. O'Hara Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught twelve years. Teaching in San Jose. 
 
 Mary A. Peckham (Mrs. G. F. Pillot) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 85 S. Eleventh Street, San Jose. 
 Taught three months in San Mateo County; the remainder of the time 
 since graduation has taught in San Jose. Married July 3, 1876. One child. 
 
 Helen N. Penniman (Mrs. Geo. Pardee) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, East Oakland. 
 Taught ten years in the Grove Street School, Oakland. One child. 
 
 Sheldon Raney San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Black Diamond, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Fresno County, one year ; Santa Cruz County, six years ; Contra 
 Costa County, one year. Left teaching in 1884, on account of failing health. 
 Engaged in mercantile business; also Postmaster and Justice of the Peace. 
 Married in 1874. Four children. 
 
 Mary C. Rodden (Mrs. Warfield) Tuolumne County. 
 
 Address in 1886, Oakdale, Stanislaus County. 
 
1 86 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Mary P. Russell (deceased) Alameda County. 
 
 Father's address, Judge J. Russell, Haywards, Alameda County. 
 Taught several years. Died April 13, 1886. 
 
 Ella Said (Mrs. W. E. Houghton) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Bakersfield, Kern County. 
 Taught in Solano County, three months ; Mono County, three months; 
 Kern County, six years. Not teaching. Married December 25, 1880. One 
 child. 
 
 Mrs. Frances C. Sawyer Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught constantly since graduation. Teaching in High School, San Jose\ 
 
 Sebastian Shaw Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught continuously since graduation : Santa Clara County, five years ; 
 Napa County, one year; Merced County, four months; Contra Costa 
 County, one year; Sonoma County, four months; Los Angeles County, 
 four years. 
 
 Alice L. Stockton (Mrs. J. A. Boulware) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two and one half years. Married Decem- 
 ber 31, 1878. Not taught since. Four children. 
 
 M. Jeannette Stone (Mrs. E. A. Bunce) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Dougherty Station, Alameda County. 
 Taught one year. Not teaching. 
 
 Mary 0. Thomas (Mrs. Thomas) Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught seven years in Los Angeles County. 
 
 Caroline Trimble (Mrs. Stanley Stephenson) -Alameda County. 
 Present address, 1846 San Jose" Avenue, Alameda. 
 Taught in Placer County, two months; in Alameda County, ten months; 
 Marin County, fourteen months. Married June 28, 1879. Not taught since. 
 Two children. 
 
 A. Belle Wear (Mrs. Clement) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Haywards, Alameda County. 
 Has taught at intervals throughout a period of ten years, about five years 
 in all. Taught in Santa Clara, San Luis Obispo, and Alameda Counties. 
 Filled office of Assistant Superintendent of Schools in Oakland for a time. 
 Married July, 1876. Three children. 
 
 Ella E. Whelan (Mrs. Greenman) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, East Oakland. 
 Has taught in the Oakland public schools six years. Is teaching in the 
 Durant School. Married July 12, 1878. Is now a widow. 
 
State Normal School. 187 
 
 Oliver P. Workman (deceased) Sonoma County. 
 
 Taught about one year. Died in 1877. 
 
 Alice M. White (Mrs. David) Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Sturgeon, Merced County. 
 Taught in Merced County, nine months ; Normal School, San Jos6, one 
 month; Sacramento County, two months. Married May 19, 1877, and 
 moved to Michigan. Did not teach while there. Returned to California 
 in 1888. Since that time has taught one term in Merced County, where she 
 is still teaching. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH CLASS-MARCH, 1877. 
 
 Jessica G. Allen (Mrs. Wm. Pascoe) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, College Park. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, two months ; Plumas County, four months ; 
 San Mateo County, five months ; Normal School, five months ; in Hester 
 School, San Jose, for past four years. Work suspended four years on 
 account of home duties. Married July 20, 1880. 
 
 Julia Anderson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Paula, Ventura County. 
 Has taught in Ventura County eight years since graduation. Work sus- 
 pended at different times, four years in all, on account of iil health. 
 
 Mrs. Josie R.Armstrong Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 2002 Pine Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one year in San Benito County. Not teaching. Two children 
 one living. 
 
 Modena I. Baker (Mrs. Tom Scott) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Mission San Jos6, Alameda County. 
 Taught in Alameda County six years. One child. 
 
 Eudora A. Barnes (Mrs. Crossette) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 814 Geary Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught two years in Santa Clara County ; one year in Washington Ter- 
 ritory. Now teacher of voice-building and recitation. 
 
 Annie S. Barry_ Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, five years ; Calaveras County, two years ; 
 Santa Cruz High School, two years; Santa Clara County, three years. 
 Teaching in Tulare City. 
 
 Belle Bird Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 376 Orchard Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught constantly since graduation in Willow Glen School, San Jose\ 
 
Historical Sketch. 
 
 E. May Black (Mrs. Crandall) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 36 Liberty Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Los Gatos, Santa Clara County, three years; Santa Cruz and 
 Monterey Counties, three months. Not teaching. Married June, 1882. 
 Three children. 
 
 Mary I. Brown Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Centreville, Alameda County. 
 Taught in Alameda County, nine years; Los Angeles, one and one half 
 years. Teaching in Centreville. 
 
 Samuel A. Brown Oregon. 
 
 Present address, 169 First Street, Portland, Oregon. 
 Taught in Napa County, six months; Lake County, six months; Tulare 
 County, six months. Left teaching in August, 1878, to study medicine. 
 Now a practicing physician. 
 
 May Carpenter (Mrs. J. E. Ellis) Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos. 
 Taught four years. Not teaching. 
 
 Alice M. Chaplin (deceased) Mendocino County. 
 
 Taught one year. Died in 1881. 
 
 Daniel Crough Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Independence, Inyo County. 
 Taught in Tuolumne County, seven months; Calaveras County, eight 
 months; Inyo County, seven years. During 1883 and 1884 was Under 
 Sheriff of Inyo County. Married August 5, 1883. One child. 
 
 Blanche L. Downs Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Teaching in San Bernardino. Taught nine years. 
 
 Ishmael Green Colusa County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Sutter County, one year; San Joaquin County, two years; 
 Napa County, one half year; Calaveras County, one half year. Left the 
 profession in 1882. Since that time has engaged in mercantile business. 
 
 Mrs. Cornelia Haile Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 193 North Fifth Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Lassen County, one year; Placer County, five months; Siski- 
 you County, one year; Shasta County, one year; Kern County, five months; 
 State of Nevada, three years; Santa Clara County, two years. Teaching in 
 San Jose\ Suspended work three years, 1885-88, on account of ill health. 
 
 William Herrod Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 Taught in Nevada County, eight and one half years; State of Nevada, 
 one year; Butte County, one term ; Monterey County, two months. Teach- 
 ing work suspended part of the time, to attend State University and to 
 study short-hand. Now Principal in the Oakland Academy. Married May 
 29, 1880. Two children. 
 
State Normal School. 189 
 
 M. Jennie Hoyt (Mrs. Geo. W. Worthen) San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has taught constantly since graduation, and is still teaching. Married 
 June 7, 1878. 
 
 Lizzie F. Keller San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County schools four years ; in San Jos6, two and 
 one half years. Is now teaching sixth year in Los Angeles City schools. 
 
 Blanche McCowan (Mrs. John Landis) Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, Wheatland, Yuba County. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, four and one half years. Married October 
 16, 1881. Not taught since. One child. 
 
 Kate More (Mrs. Chas. B. Wells) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Kohala, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, five months. Left teaching to study art, 
 to which she devoted herself until marriage. Married August 5, 1884. Two 
 children. 
 
 Lulu L. Moore San Francisco County. 
 
 Taught in San Benito County, three years ; Sandwich Islands, three years. 
 Eesigned position in Honolulu April 9, 1886. Since that time has been 
 traveling and studying in Europe. Is teaching private pupils. At present 
 is living at Meran, Austrian Tyrol. 
 
 Susie D. Moore (Mrs. Heapy) San Francisco County. 
 
 Taught one year in San Francisco and three years in San Benito County. 
 Married in Liverpool in May, 1881, where she resided until the death of her 
 husband in the winter of 1888. Is now with her sister at Meran, Austrian 
 Tyrol. Has one son. 
 
 Allie P. Overacker (Mrs. Geo. Hawkins) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1409 Twenty-fifth Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one year in Napa County. Left teaching in November, 1878, on 
 account of ill health. Married January 1, 1883. One child. 
 
 Alma Patterson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 704 Kerney Avenue, San Diego. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one year; Santa Clara County, five years; 
 San Diego County, four years. "Work suspended a part of the time on 
 account of sickness. Teaching in San Diego City. 
 
 Minerva M. Quinby (Mrs. E. A. Kennedy) -Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, Los Gatos, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught three years in Los Gatos. Married December 1, 1880. Not taught 
 since. One child. 
 
 Nellie L. Rich (Mrs. C. L. Neale) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 718 Seventeenth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught one year. Not teaching. 
 
190 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Dora B. Ries (Mrs. Bernard Faymonville)-San Luis Obispo Co. 
 Present address, 2502 Fillmore Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Alpine County, one year ; Fresno City, three years. Married 
 April 19, 1881. Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 Ella Riley Santa Clara County. 
 
 In 1886 was teaching in Eureka, Nevada. 
 
 George E. Root (deceased) Tuolumne County. 
 
 Taught four years in Nevada County; two years at Haywards, Alameda 
 County. Was engaged in other business for two years before his death. 
 Died at La Conner, Washington Territory, October 20, 1884. 
 
 Ruth Royce Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Preparatory Class of Normal School, two years; Santa Cruz 
 County, three months ; as substitute teacher in Normal School, four years. 
 Librarian of State Normal School, San Jose\ since 1881. 
 
 Libbie Salkeld (Mrs. M. N. Stone) State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Virginia City, Nevada. 
 Taught three years. Two children. 
 
 Allan P. Sanborn Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Benicia. 
 
 Taught in Benicia, seven and one half years; near Vacaville, one year; 
 
 . in Sutter County, one half year; Calaveras County, one half year; Contra 
 
 Costa County, one year ; Sonoma County, one half year. Left the profession 
 
 on account of failing eye-sight. Is engaged in the drug business in 
 
 Benicia. 
 
 Nathalie A. Selling San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, 1522 O'Farrell Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught constantly since graduation. Teaching in Redding Primary 
 School. 
 
 Kate Siddons (Mrs. J. C. Ruddock), (deceased) --Mendocino Co. 
 
 Taught in Mendocino County, three years. Was married February 4, 
 1880, to J. C. Ruddock, Class of March, 1871 , and did not teach afterwards. 
 She was taken ill in 1883 with consumption, and died July 24, 1884. Was 
 buried at Ukiah City. She had two children, one living at the time of 
 her death. Mrs. Ruddock was successful as a teacher, and was highly 
 esteemed by a large circle of friends. 
 
 Eunice I. Snedaker (Mrs. Judson Rice) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Willow Glen, Santa Clara County, two years ; Illinois, one 
 year; Contra Costa County, two years; San Jos6, five and one half years. 
 Married October 22, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
State Normal School. 191 
 
 Josie E. Sprague (Mrs. J. H. Ward) San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, 6 Chilworth Street, Hyde Park, London, England. 
 Taught five years in the public schools of Santa Cruz, and three years 
 as a governess in Germany. Not taught since marriage. Married in April, 
 
 1885. 
 
 Eliza J. Stewart (Mrs. B. A. Strobridge) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Haywards. 
 Taught eight years in Alameda County. 
 
 Nannie W. Teaford Santa Clara County, 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Has taught constantly since graduation in the public schools of Santa 
 Clara. 
 
 Maggie L. Wiley (Mrs. Edgar Lewis) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Taught four years. Married October 17, 1882. Not taught since. 
 
 Clara B. Williams Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Wrights, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught three terms in Santa Clara County. Is now engaged in fruit 
 raising in the Santa Cruz Mountains. 
 
 Marianne Wurtemberg (Mrs*. M. S. Kohlberg) _ _ Mendocino Co. 
 Present address, 222 Van Ness Avenue, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, twelve months. Married February 21, 
 1886. One child. 
 
 NINETEENTH CLASS-MAY, 1878. 
 
 Emilie Aniser Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Taught constantly since graduation in Napa County. Teaching in Napa 
 City for the past seven years. 
 
 Mattie L. Aram Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught constantly since graduation. In spring of 1888 was teaching in 
 Portland, Oregon. 
 
 Alice Blythe (Mrs. Lewis B. Wilson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, two and one half months ; Santa Cruz 
 County, three months ; Santa Clara County, three and one half years, the 
 last fifteen months in San Jose\ Married January 10, 1883. Not taught 
 since. One child. 
 
 Millie R. Boulware (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught three months and then gave up the work on account of ill health. 
 Died February 7, 1886. 
 
192 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Annie B. Boyer (Mrs. Wm. Cozzens) Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught five years. Three children. 
 
 Louise L. Bruch Santa Clara County. 
 
 Teaching in San Jose\ Taught ten years. 
 
 Selina G. Burston Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, 135 S. Hope Street, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, two years ; Napa County, four months ; 
 Placer County, six months; State of Nevada, six years; Los Angeles, two 
 years. Teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 Emma S. Cearley (Mrs. F. Angelotti) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Rafael, Marin County. 
 Taught six years before marriage. One child (deceased). 
 
 Louis B. Chaloner San Joaquin County. 
 
 Address in 1886, "Wallace, Calaveras County. 
 Had taught eight years. 
 
 Amelia R. Chapman (Mrs. A. E. Kellogg) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Eighteenth and Mission Streets, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Rafael until marriage, December, 1886. One child. 
 
 Nelson B. Coffman Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Healdsburg. 
 Taught four years. Now a practicing physician. Married. 
 
 Kate Cozzens Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught constantly since graduation in Santa Clara County. Since Aug- 
 ust, 1887, has taught in the Training Department of the Normal School at 
 San Jose. 
 
 Adeline S. Currier (deceased) Sacramento County. 
 
 Taught successfully to the time of her death. Died at Folsom. Date of 
 her death not reported. 
 
 Fannie A. Daniels (Mrs. Charles D. Stuart) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Pacific Grove, Monterey County. 
 Taught in Sonoma County, one year; Solano County, four months. Left 
 teaching in November, 1883, on account of home duties. Married August 
 20, 1885. One child. 
 
 Maggie Desmond Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Los Angeles since graduation; for several years in Training 
 Department of the State Normal School. 
 
 S. Henrietta Dorn (Mrs. Housh) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Taught seven years. Married in 1886. Not taught since. Living in Ari- 
 
State Normal School. 193 
 
 Kate Downey (Mrs. R. D. Spedding) Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Sierra City, Sierra County. 
 Taught in Nevada, Sierra, and Alameda Counties, nine years in all. Mar- 
 ried June 18, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
 Lucy J. Dudley (Mrs. Campbell) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Seattle, Washington Territory. 
 
 Sarah F. Easterday (Mrs. T. W. Whitehurst) _ . Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Saratoga. 
 Taught one and a half years in Monterey County. The remainder of 
 the time since graduation has taught in Santa Clara County ; since July, 
 1882, in primary department of the Saratoga school. Married January 5, 
 1882. 
 
 Sallie Finley Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Ana, Orange County. 
 Taught in Monterey County, six months ; Los Angeles County, seven and 
 one half years. Is now spending a year visiting in the Eastern States. 
 
 Annie R. Fowzer (Mrs. J. H. Clark) Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, Cahto, Mendocino County. 
 
 Lou Givens (Mrs. C. H. Porter) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Biggs, Butte County. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, five months ; Merced County, six 
 months; Napa County, one month. Married December 15, 1881. Not 
 taught since. Three children. 
 
 Susie R. Hamilton (Mrs. D. C. Agler) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Ashland, Oregon. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two years ; Fresno County, one month ; 
 San Joaquin County, one month; Placer County, six months; Merced 
 County, two months. Not teaching. Married October 11, 1882. Three 
 children. 
 
 Jennie M. Hammond Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 777 S. Second Street, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara, one year; in Monterey, three years; San Jose 
 public schools, two years ; State Normal School, three and one half years. 
 Teaching. Work suspended a part of the time on account of ill health. 
 
 Nellie M. Haskell San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, La Canada, Los Angeles County. 
 Taught in Siskiyou County, eight months ; Lake County, four months ; 
 San Francisco, three years ; Los Angeles County, four years. Teaching. 
 
 Janet M. Henderson Nevada County. 
 
 Home address, Grass Valley, Nevada County. 
 Taught in Grass Valley, five years ; Los Angeles County, five years. 
 Teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
194 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Mae E. Henion (Mrs. J. K. Simms) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught three months in San Benito County; seven years in San Joaquin 
 County, the last five in Stockton. Married January 1, 1884. 
 
 Addie K. Hobart (Mrs. J. F. Halloran) Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Astoria, Oregon. 
 Taught in Butte County, two years ; State of Nevada, one and one half 
 years. Married January 1, 1882. Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 Myrtie C. Hudson Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Amador County, one year; -.Contra Costa County, two years; 
 Santa Clara County, one year. In 1882 entered Michigan University, from 
 which she graduated in 1885. Taught in State Normal School at San Jose, 
 from January, 1886, to June, 1889. 
 
 Charles M. Kellogg Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Rio Grande. 
 Taught several years. Is not teaching on account of ill health. 
 
 Mary R. Kelly ,„ Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught for three years in Contra Costa County. Suspended work one 
 year on account of ill health. Since then has taught in various places in 
 California. 
 
 Iantha A. Kelso (Mrs. W. R. Cooke) Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Towles, Placer County. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, four months; Placer County, five and one 
 half years. Not teaching. Married April 14, 1883. Three children; two 
 living. 
 
 Maggie Kent (Mrs. Albert Dunlap) San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Hollister, San Benito County. 
 Taught two years in San Benito County. Not teaching. Married April 
 10, 1881. Three children. 
 
 Ella Lewis (Mrs. P. J. Hazen) Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Modesto. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, five years. Married June 16, 1883. Not 
 taught; since. One child. 
 
 Annie Loucks Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Pacheco, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught continuously since graduation a.t Pacheco. 
 
 William I. H. Lyon Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three years; Contra Costa County, three 
 years; Solano County, five months; Alameda County, five months. Left 
 the profession December, 1886, on account of ill health. Married December 
 26, 1888. 
 
State Normal School. 195 
 
 Maky A. L. Madden (Mrs. W. T. Fitzgerald) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught in the public schools of San Francisco, nine years. Married in 
 the summer of 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Lisetta Megekle San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Alameda. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, six months ; Merced County, six months; 
 Sacramento County, six months. Since the summer of 1881 has been teach- 
 ing in Alameda. 
 
 Alida Miner (Mrs. E. W. Fogg) San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, Oroville, Butte County. 
 Taught until May, 1883, in Alameda and Plumas Counties. Married 
 October 9, 1883. Not taught since. One child. 
 
 * 
 
 Clara Murch (Mrs. S. T. Ferguson) San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 
 Taught in Redwood City about seven years. Married May 22, 1886. 
 
 Lucy S. Nelson (Mrs. Phil. Ruggles) Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Eutledge, Oregon. 
 
 Frances M. O'Brien (Mrs. W. J. Freeman). Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, two months ; Santa Clara County, eight 
 years. Teaching in San Jos£, Empire Street School. Married July 20, 1881. 
 One child. 
 
 Katie A. Perry San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, San Felipe, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught nine years, most of this time in Monterey and San Benito Coun- 
 ties. At present engaged in stenography. 
 
 Evan T. Pettit Lake County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, two and one half months; Stanislaus 
 County, three months ; Tuolumne County, one and a half years ; Santa 
 Clara County, three years ; Colusa County, two years. Left the profession 
 of teaching in 1885, to engage in fruit raising. 
 
 C. Lillian Pond (Mrs. C. L. Good) Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Colfax, Washington Territory. * 
 Taught in Napa County, two years. Married January 4, 1881. Not taught 
 since. One child. 
 
 Orson M. Pratt (deceased) Marin County. 
 
 Died two weeks after graduation. 
 
 Oren N. Raney Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, five years. Since 1883 has engaged in 
 business as searcher of records. Married June 19, 1888, to Miss Cecelia 
 Leffler. One child. 
 
196 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Kate Raymund (Mrs. Wm. R. Thompson), (deceased) Ohio. 
 
 Husband's address, Watsonville. 
 Taught successfully. Died February 14, 1884. 
 
 Clara C. Richardson (Mrs. Clark) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Portland, Oregon. 
 Taught about nine years in California and Oregon. Teaching in Port- 
 land. One child. 
 
 Mary E. Rucker (Mrs. Boulware) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, four years. Left teaching May, 1883, on 
 account of ill health. Married December 24, 1879. 
 
 Mary E. Sally San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Hollister. 
 Taught in San Benito County, four and one half years; San Bernardino 
 County, one half year; San Diego County, three years. Work suspended 
 two years on account of sickness. Teaching at San Jacinto, San Diego 
 County. 
 
 Minnie Seavy (Mrs. Fowler) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 804 Jones Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, two years; Yolo County, six months; 
 San Diego County, six months ; Marin County, four years. Married April 
 13, 1886. Not taught since November, 1886. 
 
 FrancesE. Simmons (Mrs. Thad. Rivers) , (deceased) _ Alameda Co. 
 
 Taught one year. Married December, 1879. Did not teach after marriage. 
 Died April 23, 1880. 
 
 William W. Stockton . Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 2223 Post Street, San Francisco. 
 Not taught since graduation. Is an electrical engineer. 
 
 Hattie B. Warring Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Monterey County, four months; San Luis Obispo County, four 
 months; Ventura County, two years. Not teaching on account of home 
 duties. 
 
 Lewis B». Wilson Pennsylvania. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Yuba County, four months; Monterey County, two years; 
 Merced County, one year; Santa Clara County, four and one half years; 
 part of this time in night school and business college. Is now Principal 
 of San Jose" High School. Member of County Board of Education. Mar- 
 ried January 10, 1883, to Miss Alice Blythe, of the same class. One child. 
 
 E. Alfaretta Wood Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Riverside, San Bernardino County. 
 Taught in Monterey County, two years; Sonoma County, two years; 
 San Bernardino, six years. Teaching at Riverside. 
 
State Normal School. 197 
 
 Chakles A. Woodman Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Chico, Butte County. 
 Taught ten years. 
 
 TWENTIETH CLASS-MAY, 1879. 
 Mary P. Adams Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year; Santa Clara County, three years. 
 Now teaching in Training Department of State Normal School. 
 
 Kate G. Bardenwerper State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Carson City, Nevada. 
 Is teaching tenth year in the schools of Carson City, Nevada. 
 
 R. Lizzie Beggs (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two years; Stanislaus County, one half 
 year. Attended the State University from May, 1880, to May, 1882. Died 
 May 4, 1884. 
 
 William W. Brown Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Riley, Grant County, Oregon. 
 Taught two years in Fresno and San Luis Obispo Counties. Since 1881 
 engaged in stock raising. 
 
 Hattie M. Chase (Mrs. Byron E. DeHart) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, 52 S. Spring Street, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, six months ; Santa Clara County, fifteen 
 months. Married October 15, 1882. Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 May S. Crittenden Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught first year in Santa Clara County; three years in Plumas County. 
 Has taught for past seven years in San Jose' public schools. 
 
 Thomas Edmonds (deceased) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught one term in San Luis Obispo County. Died in 1880. 
 
 Margaret R. Farrell Marin County. 
 
 Present address, San Rafael. 
 Taught most of the time since graduation. Teaching in San Rafael. 
 
 Addie D. Gallagher (Mrs. Morehead) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught in San Francisco five years, to January, 1886. 
 
 Olive E. Gibson (Mrs. Wm. F. Marshall). .Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught five years in Los Angeles. Married in 1885. One child. 
 
 14 
 
198 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Lilla B. Gove (Mrs. W. H. Marshall) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 41 Eleventh Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught five years in San Joaquin County. Married August, 1884. Not 
 taught since. One child. 
 
 Harriet E. Haile (Mrs. F. P. Gray) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vacaville, Solano County. 
 Taught two years. One child. 
 
 Si L. Hanscom Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Modesto, Stanislaus County. 
 Taught. 
 
 Margaret P. Henderson Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Grass Valley, Nevada County. 
 Taught in Nevada County, two and one half years; Alameda County 
 two and one half years. Not taught since November, 1884, on account of 
 ill health. 
 
 Delia C. Hilton (Mrs. Solomon Rodgers) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 
 Robertine B. Hines (Mrs. E. S. Hall) Ventura County. 
 
 Present address, Ventura. 
 Taught in Ventura County, two years. Married September, 1881. Two 
 children. Is not teaching at present, but does not consider that she has 
 left the profession. 
 
 Sarah P. Hobson (Mrs. Martin) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has not taught. 
 
 Alice L. Humphrey Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Placer County, one year. Is teaching ninth year in San Jose 1 
 schools. 
 
 Ella M. Irish (Mrs. Cox) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Monterey County, one term ; in San Jose\ two years ; in San 
 Luis Obispo County, one year. Not teaching. 
 
 Adah E. Kent (Mrs. Dunlap) San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Hollister. 
 
 Margaret E. McCann (Mrs. Henry J. Stafford).. San Francisco. 
 Present address, 626 Twenty-third Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Temescal, Alameda County, five years. Married September 1, 
 1886. Two children. 
 
 Charlotte C. McLeran (Mrs. Wm. Easton) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Gilroy. 
 Taught four years. Has one child. 
 
State Normal School. 199 
 
 George W. Merritt_ Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Practicing medicine in San Francisco. Married. 
 
 E. Belle Merwin (Mrs. W. T. Webb) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 626 East Fourteenth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught in public schools of Oakland continuously since January, 1880, 
 except a leave of absence for six months. Teaching. Married September, 
 1885. One child. 
 
 Mary M. Muir (Mrs. Geo. W. Ogden) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Grafton, Yolo County. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, five months ; Fresno County, one year; 
 Santa Clara County, one year; Amador County, one and one half years. 
 Not taught since December, 1883. Married July 3, 1882. 
 
 Grace R. Murdoch Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Los Angeles constantly since graduation. 
 
 Wm. A. Newcum San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Suisun, Solano County. 
 Taught two and one half years. Engaged in mercantile business several 
 years. Now editing a paper at Suisun, Solano County. 
 
 George W. Ogden Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Grafton, Yolo County. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, one year; Amador County, two years; 
 Marin County, one year. Left teaching because of failing health. Engaged 
 in mining and other business two and one half years. Farming since 
 October, 1885. Married July 3, 1882, to Mary M. Muir, of the same class. 
 
 Mary L. O'Hara Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Jefferson School, Santa Clara County, four years ; in San Jose" , 
 three years. Teaching in Fourth Ward School, San Jose. 
 
 Lois A. Peckham Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 615 E. Santa Clara Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Marin County, four years; Santa Clara County, five years. 
 Teaching in San Jose. 
 
 Addie M. C. Raney Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Rosa. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, one year; Sonoma County, seven years. 
 Teaching in Santa Rosa. 
 
 Georgia Ray Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Gait. 
 Taught nine years. 
 
200 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Mollie Redman (Mrs. C. A. Oliver) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Chico, Butte County. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, three years; Ventura County, two years. 
 Traveled in Europe, two years. Married September 7, 1884. Not teaching. 
 
 Mary Enna Ringo Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one term; Tulare County, one year; since 
 1882, in public schools of San Jose. 
 
 Augusta Stern Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 372 South Market Street, San Jose. 
 Has taught in San Jose" constantly since graduation. 
 
 M. Ada Steves San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Hornitos, Mariposa County. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, three years; Mariposa County, three 
 years; Fresno County, one and one half years; at Hornitos, Mariposa 
 County, since September, 1887. 
 
 Frances M. Sullivan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, 408 South Eighth Street, San Jose. 
 Taught in San Benito County, five months ; Sierra County, two and one 
 half years ; Sutter County, three years ; Plumas County, one year. Teach- 
 ing at Spanish Ranch, Plumas County. 
 
 Annie E. Thomasson (Mrs. Clarke) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Jolon, Monterey County. 
 Taught three years. 
 
 Mollie F. Trimble (Mrs. A. K. Whitton) -.Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, eight and one half years. Left teaching 
 in November, 1887. Married March 22, 1888. 
 
 Addie Turner (Mrs. Geo. Shear) Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Nord, Butte County. 
 Taught in Butte County about three years. Has left the profession tem- 
 porarily, and is engaged in farming. Married August 23, 1881. 
 
 Claude B. Wakefield El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Garden Valley. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, three years ; Alameda County, two years. 
 Entered the State University in 1881, and graduated in 1885. Elected 
 County Superintendent of El Dorado County in 1887. 
 
 Carrie Williams (Mrs. G. W. Hunter) Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka, Humboldt County. 
 Taught two years in Humboldt County. Married January 30, 1881. Not 
 taught since. Two children. 
 
State Normal School. 201 
 
 Jessie Williamson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 48 S. Sixth Street, San Jose\ 
 Taught constantly in Santa Clara County since graduation. Teaching 
 in San Jose' since 1882. 
 
 Annie Woodson (Mrs. Toney) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Not taught. 
 
 DIPLOMAS GRANTED JANUARY 3, 1880. 
 
 Mrs. Mary A. King.. Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Nacimiento, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught in Yolo County, one year; in Solano County, four months; in 
 San Luis Obispo County, four years. Work suspended on account of ill 
 health. Is now engaged in farming. 
 
 Anna E. McPhillips San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, 449 Tenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Franklin District, Santa Clara County, five years ; San Mateo 
 County, two years. Teaching in San Mateo County. 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST CLASS-MAY, 1880. 
 
 Maggie G. Barrett Placer County. 
 
 ' Present address, 302 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Nevada County, one half year ; Placer County, two and one 
 half years. Left public school teaching in December, 1883, to practice 
 shorthand and type-writing. Is now teaching these subjects in San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Ida M. Bennett San Bernardino County. 
 
 In 1886 was teaching in San Bernardino. Had taught six years. 
 
 Lillian Bowers Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Garvanza, Los Angeles County. 
 Taught five years. Teaching. 
 
 Mary S. Bowman (Mrs. F. W. Blackmar).. Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has not taught regularly since graduation on account of home duties. 
 Substituted and taught private classes about six months. Married June 
 8, 1885. One child. 
 
 F. Alice Brown Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Bernardo, San Diego County. 
 Taught six years in San Diego County. 
 
202 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Floribel C. Brown Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Gentreville. 
 Taught in Alameda County, seven and one half years ; San Bernardino 
 County, one half year. Not teaching at present on account of sickness. 
 
 Elmer E. Carey Mariposa County. 
 
 Present address, 1316 California Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in various places in the State for seven years. Now employed as 
 a journalist in San Francisco. 
 
 Annie L. Caswell (Mrs. Chas. Schurch) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 8 Pleasant Street, San Francisco. 
 Not taught. Married November 5, 1881. Two children. Husband died 
 September 24, 1885. 
 
 Lottie E. Crichton (Mrs. Dr. Curnow) _- --Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught four and one half years in Santa Clara County before marriage. 
 Not taught since. 
 
 Emma E. Davis (Mrs. Holmes) Sacramento County. 
 
 Address unknown. 
 Taught several years. No definite report. 
 
 Henrietta M. De Saisset Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Not taught. 
 
 Josephine Desimone (Mrs. T. Vock) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Married in 1883. Taught several years in San Bernardino County. 
 
 Adelaide L. Dodge (Mrs. F. D. Mcol) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Sonora, Tuolumne County 
 Taught one year. Married July, 1883. Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 Lavinia Estill Lassen County. 
 
 Present address, Bieber. 
 Taught one term in Colusa County ; one term in Shasta County ; four 
 terms in Modoc County ; two terms in Lassen County. Teaching in Las- 
 sen County. 
 
 Rose A. Everet Santa Barbara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Barbara. 
 At last report had taught six years and was still teaching. 
 
 Belle J. Finnie Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Grass Valley. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, five months; Ventura County, four 
 months; as substitute in Grass Valley, four years. Teaching near Grass 
 Valley. 
 
State Normal School. 203 
 
 Mary R. Finnie (deceased) Nevada County. 
 
 Taught in Nevada City, five months. Suspended work on account of 
 sickness. Died January 28, 1883. 
 
 Lena B. Fuller Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 At last report had taught six years. 
 
 Emma Griffiths Nevada County. 
 
 Home address, Grass Valley. 
 Taught in Grass Valley, seven years ; Los Angeles, one year. Teaching 
 in Los Angeles. 
 
 Ruth Guppy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County. Attended University of Mich- 
 igan five years, and graduated in 1887. Not teaching. 
 
 Josephine Harrigan San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 949 Harrison Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Mission Primary School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 since September, 1880. 
 
 Maggie R. Henry San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno. 
 Taught eight years in Fresno County since graduation. Not teaching. 
 
 John Herrod Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Nevada County, two and one half years ; State of Nevada, two 
 years ; Amador County, two and one half years ; Santa Clara County, one 
 and one half years. Principal of school in East San Jose. 
 
 Eveline C. Hillman (Mrs. T. 0. Smith) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, five months ; in Santa Clara County, three 
 and one half years. Engaged several years in studying and teaching 
 music. Married September 27, 1888. 
 
 Sarah E. Holland (Mrs. A. B. McNeil). -.Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, 693 S. Second Street, San Jose. 
 Taught three years in Santa Clara County. Married November 30, 1882. 
 Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 Jennie F. Howard (Mrs. Chas. Erkson) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has taught in San Jose\ eight years. Teaching. Married August 1, 1888. 
 
 Kate M. Jackson (Mrs. Wm. Gapen) San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Bird's Landing, Solano County. 
 Taught three and one half years in Oregon ; one year at Brentwood, 
 Contra Costa County ; one year at Bird's Landing. Not teaching. Married 
 February 2, 1887. One child. 
 
204 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Martha M. Knapp Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year ; Trinity County, one year ; for 
 past six years has been Principal of Training Department in the State Nor- 
 mal School at Los Angeles. 
 
 Sarah A. J. Locke (Mrs. Wm. T. Smith). -San Joaquin County. 
 Present address, Ferndale, Humboldt County. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, two years. Not taught since December, 
 1884. Married December 25, 1882. Three children. 
 
 Nathaniel H. Locke San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Lockeford. 
 Taught in Marin County, two years; San Joaquin County, two years. 
 Was not teaching at last report, 1886. Married December 25, 1884. One 
 child. 
 
 Robert W. Mantz Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three years ; Contra Costa County, four 
 months; Alameda County, eleven months; Sierra County, four months. 
 Attended the State University two years, 1882-84. Married January 3, 1889, 
 to Miss Edith Vale. 
 
 Mary A. McDonald Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught private class in San Jos6, one year ; taught in Sonoma County, 
 one and one half years; since [then in Santa] Clara County, for past five 
 years in San Jose. 
 
 Ella E. Martin (Mrs. A. Caminetti) Calaveras County. 
 
 Present address, Jackson, Amador County. 
 Taught one year in Calaveras County ; four years in Amador County. 
 Not teaching. Married May 29, 1881. Two children. 
 
 Lizzie A. McKenzie Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Columbia. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, two years ; Tuolumne County, six years. 
 Teaching at Columbia. 
 
 Amy E. O'Neal San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Valley Springs, Calaveras County. 
 Taught in San Joaquin |County, four years ; Calaveras County, one and 
 one half years. Work suspended a part of the time because of ill health. 
 Teaching at Valley Springs. 
 
 Annie E. Osgood (deceased) Alameda County. 
 
 Did not teach. Died in June, 1881, after a brief illness, at Irvington, 
 Alameda County. 
 
 William F. Pratt Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught two years. Now a practicing physician. 
 
State Normal School. 205 
 
 Hannah M. Rixon (Mrs. J. T. Ladd) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Joliet, Illinois. 
 Taught one and one half years. 
 
 Margaret E. Schallenberger Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in public schools of San Jose, five years ; in Normal School, two 
 years. Now teaching primary class in Training Department of the Normal 
 School. 
 
 Maggie M. Senter (Mrs. "W. G. Griffith).. .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught in Tehama County, five months ; Santa Clara County, two years ; 
 Fresno County, three and one half years. Married July 29, 1886. Not 
 taught since. Two children. 
 
 Cora A. Simpson (Mrs. C. P. Van Dyke) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Haywards. 
 Taught two years in Marin County ; two years in Alameda County. One 
 child. 
 
 Grace May Sinnott (Mrs. Chas. M. Weber). Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, Coyote. 
 Taught six and one half years in Santa Clara County. Married Decem- 
 ber, 1886. 
 
 Jessie M. Stewart Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, East Oakland. 
 Teaching in Union Primary School, San Francisco. Taught eight years. 
 
 Ida M. Ward (Mrs. I. W. Van Eaton) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught eight years. 
 
 Alfred A. Wood Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Riverside, San Bernardino County. 
 Taught one year. Now a merchant in Riverside. 
 
 TWENTY-SECOND CLASS-MAY, 1881. 
 
 Kate Appleby (Mrs. Goodrich) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Luis Obispo. 
 Taught for a short time before marriage. Not taught since. Three chil- 
 dren. 
 
 Louise Archer (Mrs. M. J. Flavin) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address. 924 Market Street, San Francisco. 
 Not taught. Married February 6, 1883. One child. 
 
2o6 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Minnie C. Bassham Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one year; Fresno County, six years. 
 Teaching. 
 
 A. Rose Begkwith Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, two months ; Contra Costa County, four 
 months; San Benito County, three months ; San Jose, five months; Fresno 
 County, two years and three months. Resigned in the summer of 1886, to 
 go on a trip to the East for eight months. Not taught since, but expects 
 to teach again. 
 
 Lottie Bent (Mrs. Mathews) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught one year in Contra Costa County. Married May 28, 1884. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 Ada F. Brown Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 1519 Scott Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Shasta County, six months ; Santa Clara County, three months ; 
 Monterey County, four months; San Luis Obispo County, two and one half 
 years ; San Diego, four months. Now studying phonography in San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
 Ida M. Carpenter Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Taught constantly since graduation, most of the time in Napa City. Is 
 now teaching a class of young ladies in the Government School in Tokyo, 
 Japan. 
 
 Lida P. Daingerfield (Mrs. Theo. B. Wilcox), (deceased) 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Did not teach after graduation. Was married October 2, 1882, and moved 
 to Portland, Oregon, where she resided until her death. She had one child. 
 Mrs. Wilcox was killed in a railroad accident at Puyallup, December 10, 
 1888. 
 
 Nellie Henry San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught one and one half years in Contra Costa County; one and one 
 half years in San Fernando, Los Angeles County. For the past four years 
 has taught in Los Angeles County. 
 
 Mary J. Huffner (Mrs. S. F. Wood) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Escondido, San Diego County. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, two years; San Diego County, three 
 years. Not teaching. Married July 23, 1884. Two children. 
 
 Nellie R. Huntington (Mrs. F. A. Loring) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 638 Green Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Siskiyou County, one year; Humboldt County, one year; Men- 
 docino County, one year ; Stanislaus County, six months. Not taught since 
 May, 1885. Married September 25, 1883. Two children. 
 
State Normal School. 207 
 
 James B. Kelly „. Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Monterey County, six months; Contra Costa County, one 
 year; Placer County, two years; Santa Cruz County, five months; San 
 Luis Obispo County, one year. Married April 22, 1883. One child. 
 
 Grace E. Leonard (Mrs. W. W. Lowe} Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Camp Verde, Arizona. 
 Taught in Tulare County, one year; Monterey County, one year; Los 
 Angeles County, four years. Teaching in Camp Verde. 
 
 Ida Locke (Mrs. W. H. Pascoe) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Redwood City, San Mateo County. 
 Tadght in Marin County, four months; San Joaquin County, one year. 
 Left teaching November, 1882, on account of illness in family. Married 
 May 8, 1883. Two children. Husband a Congregational minister. 
 
 Alice S. McDougal Santa Clara County. 
 
 Began teaching at Gilroy Hot Springs ten months after graduation, and 
 has taught constantly in Santa Clara County since that time. Teaching 
 in East San Jose\ 
 
 Mary S. McDougal (Mrs. E. F. Murch).. .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Red Bluff, Tehama County. 
 Taught in Tehama County, two months; Santa Clara County, four 
 months. Married March 25, 1882. Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 John W. Martin Fresno County. 
 
 Taught several years. Is now farming in Fresno County. Married and 
 has children. 
 
 Lizzie T. Mills Contra Costa County. 
 
 Home address, Martinez. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, two and one half years ; Placer County, 
 one year; Alameda County, one year; Marin County, two and one half 
 years; Napa County, one half year. Teaching near Napa City. 
 
 Alice Moore (Mrs. John Bishop) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Orange, Massachusetts. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, four months; in Honolulu, one year. 
 Left teaching in December, 1882, to travel in Europe. Married in the sum- 
 mer of 1887. 
 
 Ella F. Murphy Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, two and one half years ; Monterey County, 
 two years; San Luis Obispo County, one year. At last report, October, 1886, 
 was teaching in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Fannie O'Hanlon Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, four years ; Tulare County, three years 
 Los Angeles, one year. Teaching in Tulare City. 
 
2o8 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Phoebe L. Parker San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, four months; Humboldt County, one 
 year; Santa Cruz County, five months; Alameda County, four years. Now 
 teaching second term in San Diego. Work suspended two years on account 
 of ill health. 
 
 Laura I. Patterson 1 Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one half year; Merced County, one year; 
 Santa Clara County, one year; Fresno County, one and one half years; 
 Lassen County, one half year; San Diego County, two and one half years. 
 Teaching in Pall Brook, San Diego County. Intends to enter a medical 
 college in summer of 1889. 
 
 Josephine D. Rees (Mrs. Horace H. Appel), (deceased) 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Taught most of the time until her marriage, April 2, 1884. Removed to 
 Tucson, Arizona, where she died November 15, 1884. 
 
 Kate L. Schuck Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Portland, Oregon. 
 Taught constantly since graduation. Teaching in Portland. 
 
 Laura F. Sell (Mrs. Samuel Irving) Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Portland, Oregon. 
 Taught three years before marriage. Not teaching. After marriage 
 resided for several years in Sydney, Australia. 
 
 Florence Snowden (Mrs. J. E. Ward) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Modesto, Stanislaus County. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, six years. Married February 14, 1887. One 
 child. 
 
 Nancy J. Stephenson Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Rohnerville. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, five years. Teaching near Rohnerville. 
 
 Mary L. Teel Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Lorenzo. 
 Taught seven and one half years, six years of this time in Napa County. 
 Teaching at Haywards. 
 
 Verona Teel Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Lorenzo. 
 Taught in Colusa County, one year; Los Angeles County, one and one 
 half years ; Napa County, one half year ; Alameda County, one and one 
 half years ; one year in other places. Is teaching in Bieber, Lassen County. 
 
 Lizzie Thunen Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Cherokee. 
 Taught in Butte County, three years. At last report, 1886, was not 
 teaching. 
 
State Normal School. 209 
 
 Helen May Towle (Mrs. L. E. Baird) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Sanger, Fresno County. 
 Taught three months in Solano County. Married December 25, 1881. 
 Not taught since. Two children. 
 
 Marion S. Van Dusen . m . .Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, Ukiah City. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, five and one half years. Left teaching 
 April, 1887, on account of ill health. 
 
 Harriet E. Van Eaton (Mrs. W. S. Bailey) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Long Beach, Los Angeles County. 
 Taught in Hester School, Santa Clara County, five years ; in Los Angeles 
 County, two years. Not teaching. Married August 29, 1886. One child. 
 
 DIPLOMA GRANTED JANUARY 21, 1882. 
 
 Ella McCabe Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Brentwood. 
 
 TWENTY-THIRD CLASS-MAY, 1882. 
 
 Evaline V. Aplin (Mrs. W. D. Huntington) Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Oceanside, San Diego County. 
 Taught in Nevada County, one year; Los Angeles County, one year; San 
 Bernardino County, two years. Married June 1, 1886. Not taught since. 
 One child. 
 
 Walter S. Bailey Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Long Beach. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County constantly since graduation. Married 
 August 29, 1886, to Miss Harriet E. Van Eaton, Class of May, 1881. One 
 child. 
 
 Lola A. Balis Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, East San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year; Stanislaus County, one year. 
 Work suspended from 1884 to 1889, on account of home duties. Teaching 
 in East San Jose. 
 
 Kate B. Beckwith Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught in Los Angeles County until summer of 1886. Not taught since. 
 
 Maggie M. Bird (Mrs. 0. M. Keesling) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught five years. Married August 10, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
2io Historical Sketch. 
 
 Christiana H. Braun (Mrs. Wm. H. Murphy). -Santa Clara Co. 
 
 ^Present address, Antioch, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two terms; Monterey County, two terms; 
 Solano County, two terms; Contra Costa County, one term. Married Octo- 
 ber 2, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
 Mary L. Chaloner (Mrs. Frank Belt) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Hills Ferry, Stanislaus County. 
 Taught two years. 
 
 Thomas L. Chapin Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught three years. Engaged in real estate business. 
 
 William T. Chipman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one and one half years ; Sierra County, 
 one year; Lassen County, two months. In October, 1884, left profession of 
 teaching, to enter County Clerk's office. Has since taught one term in 
 night school in San Jose\ Has occupied office of Deputy County Superin- 
 tendent. Married March 30, 1889, to Hattie E. Ogan. 
 
 Alfred B. Coffman Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Red Bluff, Tehama County. 
 Real estate agent. Not taught. 
 
 Pelham H. Coffman Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Red Bluff, Tehama County. 
 Real estate agent. Not taught. 
 
 Isabella Conn Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Fresno County, five years; Los Angeles, two years. Teaching 
 in Los Angeles. 
 
 Nellie Crittenden Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose". 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in Santa Clara, Merced, and 
 Los Angeles Counties. Is teaching in Pasadena. 
 
 Mariana Day__ San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Hollister, San Benito County. 
 Taught in California, two years; a private school in Tonala, Mexico, one 
 year; returned to California, and taught in Trinity County, one year. Is 
 teaching second term in Fairview District, near Hollister. 
 
 Inanda L. Dranga (deceased) San Diego County. 
 
 Taught in San Diego County until May, 1886, when she gave up teaching 
 on account of failing health. Died at Vallecitas, San Diego County, June 
 5, 1887, of consumption. 
 
State Normal School. 211 
 
 Louisa A. Erkson (Mrs. A. 0. White) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught two and one half years in San Jose. Married in 1884. 
 
 Cornelia M. Farley Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in High School, San Jose\ Taught six years. 
 
 Annie C. Fisk (Mrs. James Gregory) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 
 Ida M. Gibson Marin County. 
 
 Present address, Bolinas. 
 Teaching in Bolinas, where she has taught most of the time since gradu- 
 ation. 
 
 Mary Q. Gordon Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Monterey. 
 Taught in Monterey continuously since graduation. 
 
 Hattie F. Gower — Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Los Angeles continuously since graduation. 
 
 Clara L. Gregory (Mrs. J. H. Poor) Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Penryn, Placer County. 
 Taught in State of Nevada, one year; Alameda County, one half year. 
 Married December 24, 1884. Not taught since. One child. 
 
 Patrick H. Griffin Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Angel's, Calaveras County. 
 Taught in Tuolumne County, four years ; Calaveras County, two years. 
 Teaching. 
 
 Ida L. Hall San Francisco. 
 
 Home address, 627 Nineteenth Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Tulare County, one year; Los Angeles County, five years. 
 Teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 Ida S. Hall Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Alamo. 
 Taught continuously in Contra Costa County since graduation. Teach- 
 ing near Alamo. 
 
 Mary A. Henderson Nevada County. 
 
 Home address, Grass Valley. 
 Taught in Nevada City, three years ; in Los Angeles, three years. Teach- 
 ing in Los Angeles. 
 
 Kate Henry Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 At last report had taught two years. 
 
212 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Carrie Hill Santa Clara County. 
 
 Teaching in Los Angeles County at last report. Had taught several 
 years. 
 
 Lavinia Hillebrant (Mrs. Ammon A. GofT) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Santa Ana, Orange County. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, five months ; Colusa County, five months ; 
 Los Angeles County, one year. Married October 8, 1885, and left the pro- 
 fession. Two children ; one living. Has contributed frequently to papers 
 and magazines. 
 
 Erastus K. Hitchcock State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Pacheco, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one year; Santa Barbara County, one 
 year ; Alameda County, two and one half years ; Los Angeles County, one 
 year ; Contra Costa County, one year. Teaching at Pacheco. 
 
 Ida G. Humphrey Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Placer County, one term ; one term in Santa Clara County ; 
 four years in Alameda County. Has taught in San Jose" since July, 1888. 
 
 William E. Jordan. Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Kingsburg. 
 Taught four years in Fresno County. Now engaged in farming. 
 
 Eulalie Kelley (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught one term. Died in August, 1884. 
 
 William A. Kirkwood Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, four years. In the fall of 1886 was 
 elected County Superintendent, which office he holds at the present time. 
 
 Lulu Lake (Mrs. Preston Menefee) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Not taught. 
 
 Elizabeth Leggett Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Oroville. 
 Taught in Sierra County, five months; Butte County, three and one half 
 years. Not taught since November, 1886, and does not expect to teach 
 again. 
 
 Lydia A. Lehnig (Mrs. R. H. Jamison) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Agnews, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught in San Mateo County, six months; Sacramento County, one year; 
 Santa Clara County, thirteen months ; Alameda County, three months. 
 Not teaching. Married September 8, 1886. 
 
 Ella Lords Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Alviso. 
 Taught in Monterey County most of the time since graduation. Teach- 
 ing in Monterey. 
 
State Normal School. 213 
 
 Kate Mandeville San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 207 Jones Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Clement Grammar School. Has taught in San Francisco 
 • since August, 1885. Previous to that time, taught one and one half years 
 in Santa Clara County, and one term in Marin County. 
 
 Flora A. McFarland (Mrs. E. B. Zumwalt) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year before marriage. Married April 8, 1883. One child. 
 Teaching at New Almaden, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Mary E. McLean Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Modesto. 
 Has taught several years. 
 
 Carrie A. McTigue State of Nevada. 
 
 At last report, 1886, had taught four years in Los Angeles, and was still 
 teaching. 
 
 Mary E. Meek (Mrs. Theo. Daulton) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Seattle, Washington. 
 Taught six years in Oakland schools. Married November, 1888. 
 
 M. Augusta Mertes (Mrs. J. J. Sheafor) Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Dunsmuir, Siskiyou County. 
 Taught in Placer County, three years; Nevada County, one year. Is now 
 engaged as a bookkeeper. Married April 19, 1887. 
 
 S. Lizzie Miller (Mrs. Herbert F. Conn) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Walla Walla, Washington. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, one and one half years; in Walla Walla, 
 four and one half years. Still teaching. Married June 25, 1887. 
 
 Christenie E. Mills (Mrs. Wm. A. Graves) _Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Nicolaus, Sutter County. 
 Taught in Sutter County, six months. Married October 3, 1883. Not 
 taught since. One child. 
 
 Kate C. O'Brien San Francisco. 
 
 Home address, 1513 Valencia Street, San Francisco. 
 In 1887 was teaching at Markham, Sonoma County. Taught four years. 
 
 Rosella A. O'Brien (Mrs. Barlow) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year. 
 
 Mary M. Osborn Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Fresno County, five months; Tulare County, three years. 
 Not teaching at present. 
 
 15 
 
214 Historical Sketch. 
 
 F. H. Ottmer Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Petrolia, Humboldt County. 
 Taught three years in Sonoma County. Left teaching to study medicine. 
 Graduated from Cooper Medical College, November, 1887. Now practicing 
 medicine in Petrolia. Married November, 1888. 
 
 Mary L. Pacey San Francisco. 
 
 At last report, 1886, had taught three years and was teaching in San 
 Diego County. 
 
 Christine Rademacher Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 At last report had taught four years. 
 
 Elissie H. Raymond Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Salinas City. 
 Taught in Mariposa County, one year; Monterey County, four years. 
 Teaching at Deep Well, Monterey County. Work suspended a part of the 
 time on account of sickness. 
 
 Franke B. Reynolds San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Kansas City, Iowa. 
 Taught one and a half years. 
 
 Ada Richardson Sacramento County. 
 
 Home address, 2100 T Street, Sacramento. 
 Taught in State of Nevada, one year; Placer County, one year; Santa 
 Clara County, two years ; Sacramento County, two years; Ventura County, 
 one year. Teaching in Santa Paula. 
 
 Mary H. Rickey (Mrs. Litner) San Diego County. 
 
 Taught three years before marriage. In 1886 was living in Alabama. 
 
 Minnie A. Rixon (Mrs. J. L. Siefkes) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 1132 Kentucky Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one year in San Joaquin County ; two years in Alameda County. 
 
 Lucie A. Rogers Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught four years. 
 
 Louise G-. Roney San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1519 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Placer, Del Norte, and Contra Costa Counties five years. 
 Teaching at Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Lena B. Schilling Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has taught in San Jose' six years. Teaching in Fourth Ward School. 
 
 Lillie S. Schoen .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught continuously in San Jose" since graduation. 
 
State Normal School. 215 
 
 William A. Sears Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Wrights. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County about live years, the last two years as 
 Principal of the Pacheco School. Now has a fruit farm in the Santa Cruz 
 Mountains. Married. One child. 
 
 Jeannette Shaw Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County continuously since graduation. 
 
 Addie Sheats Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Tustin City. 
 Teaching. Taught six years. 
 
 Sara J. Smith (Mrs. Cunningham) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Honolulu, H. I. 
 Taught four years. 
 
 Ella D. Stabling. . . State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Carson City, Nevada. 
 Taught six years. Teaching in Carson City. 
 
 Leolin Taylor San Bernardino County. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County until May, 1887. Left the profession of 
 teaching to study law. Married October 29, 1886. One child. 
 
 Edward E. Thomas Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, three months; Santa Clara County, four 
 and one half years. Left the profession of teaching in June, 1888, to 
 engage in fruit growing. 
 
 Mabel Urmy Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, College Park, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught in the Hester School, San Jose, two and one half years ; in Uni- 
 versity of the Pacific, two years. In 1886 suspended work of teaching, to 
 attend the University of the Pacific, from which she graduated in June, 1886. 
 
 Emma Watkins (Mrs. Henry L. Willey) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County continuously seven years ; for the past six 
 years in Santa Clara. Married November 13, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Regina Weinshank Los Angeles County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Has taught in Los Angeles County continuously since graduation. 
 
 Emily L. Wright (Mrs. J. G. Bessinger).__Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. 
 Taught two and one half years in Santa Cruz and Santa Clara Counties. 
 Married February 8, 1885. Not taught since. One child. 
 
216 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Hattie L. Wyllie (Mrs. Henry Booksin) ..Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught six years. Married October 9, 1888. 
 
 Mary E. Young (Mrs. Ed. North) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught about four years, in Monterey and Napa Counties. Married Feb- 
 ruary 19, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
 DIPLOMAS GRANTED DECEMBER, 1882. 
 Mattie Graebe Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught seven years in Santa Clara County; for the past five years in 
 San Jose\ 
 
 Martha Granicher Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Monterey County, four years. At last report, 1886, was teach- 
 ing in Pacific Valley, Monterey County. 
 
 Mattie F. Hunt (Mrs. A. F. Hoehner) Sacramento County. 
 
 Not taught. Married March 5, 1883. One child. 
 
 Lizzie T. Mahoney Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, 612 Linden Avenue, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, three years. At last report, April, 1886, 
 was teaching at Fresno Flats, Fresno County. 
 
 Fannie Mooney . Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 712 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Napa County, three months; Since August, 1883, in San Fran- 
 cisco. Teaching in South Cosmopolitan Primary School. 
 
 Ianthia Rea Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 At last report, 1885, was teaching second year at Artesia, Los Angeles 
 County. 
 
 Ella E. Roney San Francisco. 
 
 Home address, 1519 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, six months ; Del Norte County, two years ; 
 San Luis Obispo County, one year; Placer Count y, one year. 
 
 Annie L. Talbot Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, East San Jose. 
 Taught in Merced County, five months ; Santa Clara County, four years. 
 At last report was teaching in Hall's Valley, Santa Clara County. 
 
State Normal School. 217 
 
 TWENTY-FOURTH CLASS— MAY, 1883. 
 George P. Ahlf Colusa County. 
 
 Present address, Colusa. 
 Not taught. Has engaged in farming since graduation. 
 
 Lutie M. Balis (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Did not teach. Her health failed gradually from the time she graduated 
 until her death, March 15, 1884. Address of her sister, Lola A. Balis, San 
 Jose. 
 
 James G. Beaty Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, Oregon House, Yuba County. 
 Taught in Plumas County, six months; Butte County, two years; Yuba 
 County, two years. Teaching. 
 
 Lauren J. Berry (Mrs. A. L. Sears) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Wrights. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, four years ; Tulare County, two years. 
 Married July 3, 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 William J. Black Tuolumne County. 
 
 Taught in the State of Nevada, two years. Justice of the Peace at Lewis 
 several months ; also, assayer and bookkeeper for a mining company. At 
 last report, December, 1886, was in a lumber business at San Miguel, Cal. 
 
 Cora A. Blaine : Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Napa County, three months; Tulare County, two months. 
 Not teaching. Preparing to teach drawing. 
 
 Kate I. Bromley Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Oroville, Butte County. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, one year : Butte County, three years ; 
 Lake County, one year. Teaching near Upper Lake. 
 
 Mary C. Brunhouse Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Coulterville, Mariposa County, five years ; in Bradley, Mon- 
 terey County, since August, 1888. 
 
 M. Emeline Carmichael Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year ; San Jose, five months ; Contra 
 Costa County, three and one half years. Teaching in San Jose. 
 
 Lue J. Carver (Mrs. Jas. E. Conner) Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, Porterville, Tulare County. 
 Taught in Kern and Los Angeles Counties three and one half years- 
 Resigned position in Los Angeles, November, 1886, on account of failing 
 eyesight. Not teaching. Married September 22, 1887. 
 
218 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Kittie A. Chandler San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 213 Duncan Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, one and one half years; Contra Costa 
 County, one half year; Alameda County, one half year; Marin County, 
 one year. Teaching at Marshall, Marin County. 
 
 Mary F. Chew Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Evergreen, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, five years ; Monterey County, one half 
 year. Teaching in Monterey County. 
 
 Ida E. Clark San Diego County. 
 
 Present address, 22 Geary Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Monterey County, five months ; Corralitos, Santa Cruz 
 County, two and one half years ; Principal of a school in Santa Cruz, one 
 and one half years ; taught in San Francisco since spring of 1888. Teach- 
 ing in Lincoln Grammar School. 
 
 Lizzie M. Clark Amador County. 
 
 Present address, lone. 
 Taught since graduation near lone, Amador County. 
 
 Henry A. Clayton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Clayton, Contra Costa County. 
 Taught in Santa Barbara County, one year ; Contra Costa County, two 
 years. In spring of 1887 was teaching at Clayton. 
 
 Eugene C. Cole . Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one year; Stanislaus County, four months. 
 
 Belle Duncan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Salinas City. 
 Taught in Sonoma County, two years; Santa Clara County, two and one 
 half years. Has been teaching in Salinas City since November, 1887. 
 
 Laura Duncan ___Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Pasadena, Los Angeles County. 
 Did not teach for first year after graduation, because of illness. Taught 
 in Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties, two and one half years ; in Pasa- 
 dena, three years. 
 
 Luella A. Duncan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Pasadena, Los Angeles County. 
 Taught in San Benito and Santa Clara Counties, two years ; in Pasadena 
 since 1887. 
 
 Susie M. Dunn_., Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, 1656 Webster Street, Oakland. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, five years. Teaching at Concord. 
 
State Normal School. 219 
 
 Cicero P. Evans Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Carpenteria, Santa Barbara County. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one year; Guadalupe, Santa Barbara 
 County, two years ; in Carpenteria since January, 1887. 
 
 E. Belle Fairlee (Mrs. H. B. Spilman) Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, Pennington. 
 Taught two years. Married in fall of 1885. Not taught since. 
 
 Kate M. Gartelman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Collins District, Santa Clara County, three years. Not taught 
 since 1886. 
 
 Laura George (Mrs. Jos. Plunkett) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Tuscarora, Nevada. 
 Taught three years in Santa Clara County, and two years in Tuscarora. 
 Married December, 1888. 
 
 Margaret G. Gillespie Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. . 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, two years; in San Jos6, since summer of 
 1885. 
 
 Susie M. Gilmore (Mrs. Geo. W.Pierce) El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Davisville, Yolo County. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, two years ; Fresno County, three years , 
 Married August 15, 1888. Not taught since. 
 
 Jennie L. Green Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 Taught in Yolo County, two years. At last report, had not taught since 
 June, 1885. 
 
 Nettie A. Green (deceased). San Joaquin County. 
 
 Did not teach after graduation, because of failing health. Died April 3, 
 
 1884. 
 
 Clara M. Grubs San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Lockeford. 
 Taught two and a half years in Calaveras County ; three and a half years 
 in San Joaquin County. Teaching at Lockeford. 
 
 Julia Harrington Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Did not teach for first year after graduation, on account of ill health. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, two and one half years; in Santa Clara 
 County, since January, 1887. 
 
 Rachel H. Herrington Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, one and one half years. Since July, 
 1885, has taught in the Santa Clara school. 
 
220 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Kate E. Johnson Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Winters. 
 Taught in Solano County, one year; Colusa County, four years. Teach- 
 ing present year at Artesia, Los Angeles County. 
 
 Ida M. Jones (deceased) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Taught in Colusa County for two months after graduation, and was then 
 obliged to resign because of ill health. Did not teach again until 1886. 
 Then taught one term in Santa, Clara County and one year at her home in 
 Laurel, Santa Cruz County. Gave up work again on account of failing 
 health, and died of consumption, at Laurel, May 10, 1889. 
 
 Mary L. Jones El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Modesto, Stanislaus County. 
 Taught in Amador County, one year; El Dorado County, one year; 
 Stanislaus County, four years. Teaching near Modesto. 
 
 Nellie Keaton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one and one half years ; Santa Clara County > 
 one year; Stanislaus County, one year. Teaching in San Jose. 
 
 Epfie J. Kelsey (Mrs. J. M. DeWitt) Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, 216 Jackson Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one year. Married September 15, 1884. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 Lucina H. Kelsey (Mrs. G. B. Richardson). _Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Lincoln, Placer County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one and one half years; Placer County, 
 one and one half years; Monterey County, one and one fourth years. 
 Married July 12, 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Annie A. King (Mrs. Charles L. Morrill) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Oceanside, San Diego County. 
 Taught in Kern County, two years ; Los Angeles County, one year. Left 
 teaching in 1886 on account of sickness. Married June 7, 1887. 
 
 Georgie E. Knott Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Isleton. 
 At last report, June, 1886, had taught in Sacramento County, three years. 
 
 M. Alice Ladd (Mrs. Milton H. Kingsbury) __San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 323 Fremont Street, Stockton. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, two years. Married in the summer of 
 1887. Not taught since. 
 
 George E. Larkey Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Newhall, Los Angeles County. 
 Taught three years in Contra Costa County ; one year in Los Angeles 
 County. In May, 1887, was teaching at Newhall. Married January 13, 
 1885, to Miss Mamie A. Bryant. 
 
State Normal School. 221 
 
 Karen M. Lawson Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Folsom. 
 At last report, December, 1885, had taught three terms in Newcastle, 
 Placer County. 
 
 Fannie Low (Mrs. Arthur Thatcher) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Kohala, Hawaii, H. I. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one half year; Kern County, one year; 
 Monterey County, one and a half years. Suspended work in the spring of 
 1887 on account of ill health. Went to the Sandwich Islands in the sum- 
 mer, where she is now teaching. Married June 24, 1888. 
 
 Abbie McKee (Mrs. R. G. Coykendall) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught two months. Married December 24, 1885. Not teaching. 
 
 E. Louesa Metcalp San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Lockeford, San Joaquin County. 
 Occupied with home duties until fall of 1887. Since then has taught one 
 year in San Diego County, and is teaching the present year in Calaveras 
 County. 
 
 Ida P. Miller (Mrs. J. J. Rice) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Tres Pinos, Monterey County. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, four and one half years. 
 Married June 17, 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Albert W. Mize Santa Clara County. 
 
 Address, unknown. 
 In May, 1884, had taught one year in Solano County. Keported by a 
 classmate as teaching in Washington Territory. 
 
 Mary E. Morgan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Taught in a district school in Santa Cruz County, three months ; in San 
 Benito County, three months ; has taught in Santa Cruz since July, 1884. 
 
 Anna C. Murphy Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Colusa, three years ; in Los Angeles, two years. Teaching. 
 
 Kittie S. Ogilvie San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 621 Bush Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one term ; Fresno County, two years. Now 
 engaged in type-writing and stenography. 
 
 Julia Owen (Mrs. George Munson) Santa Barbara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year ; Napa County, one year ; San 
 Luis Obispo County, two and one half years. Married February 20, 1889 
 Not teaching. 
 
222 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Agnes Pender (Mrs. E. W. Conant) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, five years. Married July 2, 1889. 
 
 Henry C. Petray Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Healdsburg. 
 Principal of a school in Santa Rosa. Taught one year in Colusa County, 
 and five years in Sonoma County. Studying law preparatory to leaving 
 the profession of teaching. Married July 11, 1889, to Miss Annie A. Brooke. 
 
 Emily M. Purinton (Mrs. H. H. McCloskey) ---Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Merced. 
 Taught one year in Merced County. Married January 1, 1885. Not taught 
 since. One child. 
 
 Lenora A. Richards (Mrs. Rich) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Merced County, three months ; Stanislaus County, five months ; 
 in Del Norte County, one year. In 1885 went to San Francisco, and, while 
 studying stenography, taught in the evening school. For the past two 
 years, has been teaching stenography in the Commercial School, San Fran- 
 cisco. Married July 7, 1888. Expects to teach private pupils after July, 
 1889. 
 
 M. Georgia Rooker (Mrs. Frank T. Green) State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, 929 Haight Street, San Francisco. 
 Not taught since graduation. Married November 12, 1884. One child. 
 
 Marion A. Rouse Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, Alma. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, three months ; Santa Clara Coimty, two 
 and one half years; Los Angeles County, one year. Teaching in Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 C. Jean Schnebly (Mrs. J. B. Davidson) .-Washington Territory. 
 Present address, Ellensburg, Washington Territory. 
 Taught in Washington Territory, two and one half years. Married 
 March 31, 1886. 
 
 Kate Sexton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Monterey County, four years ; San Jos6, one and one half 
 years. Teaching in San Jose\ 
 
 Arthur R. Sheats Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, San Pablo. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County continuously since graduation. Teach- 
 ing at San Pablo. 
 
State Normal School. 223 
 
 Richard J. Sinnott Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, Gibsonville. 
 Taught in Sierra County, three, years; in Plumas County, one and one 
 half years ; in Los Angeles County, one and one half years. Not teaching 
 at present, but expects to teach again soon. Married June 25, 1885. One 
 child. 
 
 Edith C. Smith Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Polsom. 
 At last report, July, 1886, had taught in Placer County, six months; Sac- 
 ramento County, two years. Teaching in Folsom. 
 
 M. Louise Smith (Mrs. Frederic S. Cox) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught three years in Santa Cruz County before marriage. Married 
 August 17, 1886. 
 
 Mary S. Smith (Mrs. W. A. Lane) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Orland, Colusa County. 
 Taught in Sacramento County, one year ; Napa County, three months; 
 Monterey County, one year; Tehama County, two years. Married March 
 31, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Ella V. Spencer (Mrs. A. B. Campbell) Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Smith River, Del Norte County. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one year ; Merced County, three months >' 
 Del Norte County, three years. Teaching at Smith River. 
 
 Mary R. Stephens Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Monterey County, four years. Work suspended one year, 
 1885, on account of sickness. Teaching near Jolon. 
 
 John W. Stirling Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Castroville. 
 Taught in San Mateo County, one year ; Monterey County, two and one 
 half years. Left teaching in spring of 1887. Warehouse keeper for Bank 
 at Castroville. 
 
 L. May Stern Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one year; Alameda County, two years; 
 Merced County, one 'half year ; San Diego County, one year. Work sus- 
 pended one half year on account of home duties. Teaching at Otay, San 
 Diego County. 
 
 Amy A. Steves (Mrs. Henry Austin) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, two years; Mariposa County, three 
 years. Married in the fall of 1888. 
 
224 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Fanny Stockton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Monterey County, four months ; San Benito County, four 
 months ; in San Jose, three and one half years. Teaching in San Jose\ 
 
 William H.Sumner Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three and one half years. Not teaching. 
 
 Anna C. Thompson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Monterey County, four months ; Santa Clara County, one and 
 one half years ; Stanislaus County, three years. 
 
 Flora C. Thompson (Mrs. George Coffee) _ .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Bakersfield, Kern County. 
 Taught two years in Kern County. Married in April, 1885. Not taught 
 since. 
 
 Isaac S. Thompson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught six months in Stanislaus County. In July, 1884, opened school 
 at St. Louis, Sierra County, where he was teaching at last report. 
 
 Martha B. Thompson (Mrs. Keeler) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County; five years in Kern County. 
 Married in 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Jessie 0. Tolman (Mrs. Watkins) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address. Mineral Park, Arizona. 
 Taught three years in Arizona. Teaching when last heard from. 
 
 Angy F. Wakeman Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1064 Tenth Avenue, Oakland. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, one and one half years ; Alameda 
 County, two years. At last report was teaching in Franklin School, Oak- 
 land. 
 
 Mollie E. Walsh El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Placerville. 
 Taught in El Dorado County continuously since graduation. Teaching. 
 
 Dora B. Washburn Calaveras County. 
 
 Present address, San Andreas. 
 At last report, 1886, had taught three years in Calaveras County. 
 
 Kate F. Watkins (deceased) Placer County. 
 
 Taught in Santa Cruz two years. Gave up work on account of failing 
 health. Died after a long and painful illness, July 15, 1886. 
 
State Normal School. 225 
 
 Fannie P. West (Mrs. W. W. Gillespie) Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught three years in Nevada City. Married June 30, 1886. Not taught 
 since. Two children. 
 
 Amy Whatmore San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one year ; Santa Clara County, two and one 
 half years ; San Diego, two years. Teaching in San Diego. 
 
 Nellie T. Wickham Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Taught five years in Napa County. Taking a course in Heald's Business 
 College, San Francisco. 
 
 Bessie Woodward (Mrs. T. A. King) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, three years. Married May 4, 1886. Not 
 taught since. Two children, one living. 
 
 Lizzie N. Wristen (Mrs. E. H. Bentley) Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Fresno County, two years. Married May 13, 1885. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH CLASS-DECEMBER, 1883. 
 Frank B. Abbe San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, San Juan. 
 Taught continuously since graduation in Aromas District, San Benito 
 County. A part of the time, has been editor of a newspaper. 
 
 Lily A. Addicott (Mrs. D. S. Snodgrass), (deceased) -Placer Co. 
 
 Address of husband, Selma, Fresno County. 
 
 Taught a private school in Placer County, five months; in public schools 
 
 of Fresno City from summer of 1884 to fall of 1886. Married October 30, 
 
 1886. Did not teach afterward on account of failing health. Died August 
 
 3, 1888. 
 
 Hattie E. Atherton (Mrs. Hyland E. Barber) Marin County. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught five years in Marin County. Married December 5, 1888. Not 
 teaching. 
 
 Martha Augustine Marin County. 
 
 Present address, Normal, Illinois. 
 Taught in San Rafael, Marin County, four and one half years. Returned 
 to her former home in Illinois in the summer of 1888, and is now teaching 
 in Normal. 
 
226 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Ella G. Billings Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, one terra ; in San Mateo County, one 
 year. At last report, 1886, was teaching at Woodside, San Mateo County. 
 
 Anna E. Black (Mrs. Geo. W. Crawford) San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught one year in San Benito County, and two years in Santa Clara 
 County. Married August 10, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
 Lucy E. Botsfoed Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Fresno County, one year; Santa Clara County, three and one 
 half years. Teaching in Santa Clara County. 
 
 Josephine Braly (deceased) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught two years — September, 1884, to June, 1886 — in Fresno City, and 
 was very successful, especially in primary work. Her special department 
 was music. She was obliged to give up work on account of failing health. 
 Died in Fresno City, May 2, 1887. 
 
 Jennie R. Bush Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Laribee, Humboldt County. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, five years, teaching a private school dur- 
 ing vacations of the public school. Also taught music to private pupils, and 
 a part of the time held an evening school. Work suspended since October, 
 1888, on account of injuries received in a stage accident, while on her way 
 to attend a County Institute. 
 
 Angeline Chambaud Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Rosa. 
 Taught in Sonoma County continuously since graduation. Teaching in 
 Santa Rosa. 
 
 Lid a C. Clark Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, East San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, four years. Has been teaching in the 
 Bast San Jose School, three years. 
 
 Ben. B. Cory Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Lodi, San Joaquin County. 
 Taught in San Jose" and in Lodi, five years in all. Teaching at Lodi. 
 
 Lizzie B. Crew (Mrs. E. E. Canfield) Butte County. 
 
 Taught in Chico, nine months. Married February 10, 1886. Not taught 
 since. 
 
 Mary E. Curtis Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, Visalia. 
 At last report, 1886, had taught two years in Tulare County. Was not 
 teaching on account of poor health. 
 
State Noi'mal School. 227 
 
 George F. Duncan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Barbara County until January, 1887. Since that time 
 in Los Angeles County. 
 
 Henrietta T. Ellerhorst San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1931 Pine Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught at Brannan Island, Sacramento County, from July, 1884, to 
 December, 1887. Since January, 1888, has been teaching near Oakland. 
 
 Zilpha Hayford (Mrs. A. J. Storey) Placer County. 
 
 Present address, 608 Capp Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Placer County, two and one half years. Not taught since May, 
 1886. Married January 20, 1887. 
 
 Lucy D. Hetty Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Los Angeles County, five months; in Monterey County, fifteen 
 months. Work suspended three terms on account of home duties. For 
 the past two years has been teaching in Santa Clara. 
 
 Eliza F. Higgins Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Marin County, one year. In August, 1885, opened school in 
 Mt. Pleasant District, Santa Clara County, where she was teaching at last 
 report, 1886. 
 
 Charles M. Hodges San Benito County. 
 
 At last report, October, 1886, was teaching at Paicines, San Benito 
 County. Had taught in that county one and one half years. 
 
 Mrs. S. E. Holyer Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, four months; Amador County, one year. 
 Fresno County, two years ; Tulare County, where she is now teaching, six 
 months. Work suspended a part of the time because of home duties. 
 
 George J. Hothersall Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Taught three and one half years in Nevada County. Teaching. 
 
 I. Petra Johnston San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, Half Moon Bay. 
 Taught continuously since February, 1885, in public school at Half 
 Moon Bay. 
 
 Lizzie P. Judson (Mrs. W. E. Hardy) San Diego County. 
 
 Present address, Bernardo. 
 Taught in San Diego County, two years. Work suspended much of the 
 time on account of ill health. Not teaching. Married September 11, 1888. 
 
228 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Hattie M. Keating _ — San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 266 Rose Street, Stockton. 
 Taught in Merced County, one year; in Stockton, since August, 1886. 
 Teaching a primary class. 
 
 Ella Kelly Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, Marysville. 
 Taught in Sierra County, two years ; Yuba County, two years. At last 
 report, 1888, was teaching at Honcut, Yuba County. 
 
 Miriam F. Kooser Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three years ; in City of Los Angeles since 
 August, 1887. 
 
 Kate McCarthy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, four and one half years; in City of Los 
 Angeles, one year. Teaching. 
 
 Mary McHarry Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught in Fresno County, one term; in Contra Costa County, two years. 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching at Pinole. 
 
 Daniel Mahoney Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, French Corral. 
 Taught in Fresno County, three years; in Nevada County, one year. 
 Teaching at French Corral. 
 
 Sarah A. Martin Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 At last report, 1884, was teaching in Santa Clara County. 
 
 Bessie J. Mayne Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Was Principal of the public school at Crescent City three years. Since 
 January, 1888, has been teaching in the University of the Pacific, San Jose. 
 Has taught music at various times when not engaged in public school work. 
 
 Ella A. Mills (Mrs. John Zielian) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Modesto, Stanislaus County. 
 Taught in Solano County, one year ; in Stanislaus County, one year before 
 marriage. Married November 29, 1885. Since that time has taught in 
 Stanislaus County, five months in 1886 and a part of 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Mary T. Mooney Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, North Temescal. 
 Taught in Monterey County, six months; San Bernardino County, four 
 months; Mendocino County, three months. Since January 12, 1886, has 
 been teaching in the Urban (private) School, 1017 Hyde Street, San Fran- 
 cisco. 
 
State Normal School. 229 
 
 Bertha C. Morrison (Mrs. B. K. Said) Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Bakersfield, Kern County. 
 Taught in Solano County, four months; Washington Territory, one 
 month. Not teaching. Married August 12, 1884. One child. 
 
 Annie Orr Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in San Luis Obispo County, one year; Contra Costa County, four 
 months; Monterey County, one year; Napa County, one and one half 
 years. Teaching in San Benito County. 
 
 Bessie Overfelt (Mrs. W. D. Hatch) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Trught in Monterey County, three months ; in Santa Clara County, two 
 and one half years. Married December 5, 1886. Two children. Not taught 
 since December, 1888, but expects to teach again. 
 
 Mattie M. Patterson (Mrs. D. B. Frazee).- Santa Clara County. 
 Present address, San Luis Rey, San Diego County. 
 Taught in Fresno County, four months ; San Diego County, two years. 
 Not taught since May, 1886. Married July 19, 1885. One child. 
 
 Belle Phelps Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 At last report, December, 1886, had taught one year in Sierra County and 
 two years in Santa Clara County. Was teaching. 
 
 Ella I. Sanders Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching near Petrolia, Humboldt County. Had 
 previously taught three years in Monterey County. 
 
 Kate Senter Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Humboldt County, one year ; Marin County, one year ; Fresno 
 County, two years. Not teaching at present because of home duties. 
 
 David S. Snodgrass Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Selma, Fresno County. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one term. Was Principal of Fresno City 
 schools from September, 1884, to June, 1887. Resigned to take position as 
 cashier of a bank. Married October 30, 1886, to Miss Lily A. Addicott, of 
 same class. 
 
 Martha M. Turner San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, French Camp. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, one year; in Reno, Nevada, two years. 
 Returned to French Camp in June, 1887, where she has taught since. 
 
 16 
 
230 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Frank G. Tyrrell . Humboldt County. 
 
 Taught two years in Humboldt County. Married September 5, 1888, at 
 Harrisonville, Missouri, to Miss Edna B. Scott. 
 
 John F. Utter Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, Eedwood City. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year ; San Mateo County, two years. 
 Has held the office of County Superintendent of San Mateo County since 
 January, 1887. 
 
 Ida M. Waggoner (Mrs. Harmon) Merced County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Fresno County, one year. 
 
 Cecilia A.Williams Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught in Fresno County, four years. Work suspended one year because 
 of sickness. Teaching in Fresno City. 
 
 Maggie Williams (Mrs. F. P. Reed), (deceased) 
 
 Contra Costa County. 
 
 Taught the primary department of the Antioch school from February, 
 1884, until within a week of her death, April 14, 1887. Married November 
 6, 1886. Husband's address, Antioch. Mrs. Reed was a very successful 
 teacher, and an active worker in the Sunday School and the W. 0. T. U. 
 She was universally beloved and mourned by her acquaintances and friends . 
 
 Flora Wood (Mrs. Covington) San Bernardino County. 
 
 Present address, San Bernardino. 
 Taught three years in San Bernardino County. 
 
 John J. Zielian - Tuolumne County. 
 
 t Present address, Modesto, Stanislaus County. 
 Has taught in Stanislaus County constantly since October, 1884 ; for the 
 past three years in Modesto. Is Vice-Principal of the Modesto school and 
 a member of the County Board of Education. Married November 29, 1885, 
 to Ella A. Mills, of the same class. 
 
 TWENTY-SIXTH CLASS-MAY, 1884. 
 Alice E. Beaizley Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Gilbertsville, Otsego County, New York. 
 Taught in Napa County, four months. In April, 1885, removed with her 
 family to New York State, where she now resides. At last report was teach- 
 ing private pupils. 
 
 Elmer E. Brownell_ Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Contra Costa County, three months; San Luis Obispo County, 
 one year; Alameda County, two and one half years ; Santa Clara County, 
 three months. Teaching at Decoto, Alameda County. 
 
State Normal School. s 231 
 
 Frank A. Butts Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, South Vallejo. 
 Taught in Plumas County, one year. Principal of the South Vallejo 
 School since July 1, 1888. Married January 2, 1888, to Miss Maude Wal- 
 cott, a graduate of the State University. His wife died November 26, 1888. 
 
 Jessie I. Calhoun Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Substituted in San Francisco schools for first year after graduation ; then 
 as regular teacher four months. In October, 1885, went to Europe, where 
 she made a special study of elocution. After an absence of two years she 
 returned to San Jose. Is now teaching elocution in the University of 
 the Pacific and to private pupils. 
 
 Virginia C. Calhoun Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has been teaching in the Hester School, San Jos6, continuously since 
 graduation. 
 
 Sarah Chambaud *. Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Rosa. 
 Taught in Sonoma County, three and a half years. Teaching near Santa 
 Rosa. 
 
 Belle Chickering San Diego County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 At last report, 1886, had taught two years in Los Angeles County, and 
 was teaching near Santa Monica. 
 
 Susie Cory Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Fresno County, one year; San Jos6, one year. Resigned in 
 June, 1886, on account of ill health. Has since spent a year in Europe. 
 
 Lizzie C. Cottle Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one and a half years; in Monterey 
 County, one year. At last report was teaching near Salinas City. 
 
 Mary E. De Zaldo Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one half year; Monterey County, one 
 year ; San Luis Obispo County, one year. At last report was teaching near 
 San Miguel, where she had taken up a quarter section of land. 
 
 Mary T.Doyle Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 At last report, 1887, had taught three years in Burnett District, Santa 
 Clara County, and was still teaching. 
 
232 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Katie A. Doyle Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one year. Since the summer of 1885 has 
 been teaching in the Santa Clara public school. 
 
 Mary P. Easter Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, 1718 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland. 
 Has taught three years in Mendocino County. During vacations has 
 studied art. 
 
 Allie M. Felker Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year ; Monterey County, three years, 
 two years of this time in the Salinas City school; five months in the Kin- 
 dergarten, San Jose. Took a kindergarten course in San Francisco in 
 spring of 1889, and received a diploma. Has done much literary work in 
 the way of essays, letters, and poems for newspaper publication. 
 
 Augustus W. Fisher Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, unknown. 
 Taught a short time in San Diego and Fresno Counties. Diploma revoked 
 by Board of Trustees of the Normal School, June 24, 1889. 
 
 Norma Freyschlag Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught in Kern County, three and one half years ; in San Diego County, 
 one year. Was injured by a falling school building during a storm in San 
 Diego, in December, 1888, and has not taught since. 
 
 George A. Gordon 1 Amador County. 
 
 Present address, Jackson. 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching in iEtna District, Amador County, 
 where he had taught continuously since graduation. 
 
 Mary B. Green Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Salinas City. 
 Taught in Merced County, three years ; in Monterey County, one year. 
 Teaching near Salinas City. 
 
 Emily Harris (Mrs. A. J. Gillis) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 732 Folsom Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught four months in Monterey County. Married December 4, 1884. 
 Not taught since. One child. 
 
 Kate Hartman (Mrs. L. F. Castle) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Crook, Crook County, Oregon. 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County. Married July 15, 1886. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 Eva Hasty (Mrs. D. B. North) Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Gridley. , 
 Taught in Plumas County, five months; Butte County, two years. Mar- 
 ried December 19, 1888. 
 
State Normal School. 233 
 
 Alice J. Hodge (Mrs. Fred. A. Gray) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, five months ; Monterey County, one and a 
 half years. Married in 1886. 
 
 May Kennedy Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Capay. 
 Taught one year in Stanislaus County; one year in Yolo County; one 
 year in Tulare County. 
 
 Abbie L. Martin San Francisco. 
 
 Home address, 2719 Pine Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Calaveras County, one year; Santa Clara County, three years. 
 Teaching at Gubserville, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Ella G. Miles (Mrs. F. M. Lewis) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught four months in Monterey County ; five months in Santa Clara 
 County; two years in Fresno County. Married October 26, 1887. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 Albion S. Meily Sierra County. 
 
 Home address, Forest City, Sierra County. 
 Taught continuously since graduation in Butte County. Teaching at 
 Enterprise. 
 
 M. Kate Montgomery _■ • Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Visalia, Tulare County. 
 Taught in Mendocino County, one year ; in Petaluma, two years. Work 
 suspended one year on account of ill health. Teaching since October, 
 1888, near Visalia. 
 
 Agnes M. Parson State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County, one year ; Santa Cruz County, one year ; 
 Kern County, four months. Since September, 1887, has taught in the 
 schools of Fresno City. 
 
 Madge H. Perkins Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Barbara. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, two years ; in Santa Barbara, since August , 
 1887. Work suspended six months to attend business college. 
 
 Mary C. Robert Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching in Watsonville, where she had taught 
 continuously since graduation. 
 
 Nellie Shine Tuolumne County. 
 
 Home address, Columbia. 
 Taught one year in Stanislaus County ; three years in Tuolumne County 
 Teaching since summer of 1888 in Los Angeles. 
 
234 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Nellie Stirling (Mrs. C. R. Whitcher) Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Castroville. 
 Taught in Monterey County, two years ; Salinas City, one year. Married 
 September 21, 1887. Not taught since. 
 
 Charlotte J. Stivers Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Irvington. 
 Taught one year. 
 
 John W. Sullivan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught two years in Sutter County, and one year in Los Angeles County. 
 Studied law, and was admitted to the Supreme Court of California while 
 yet teaching. Left the profession of teaching in June, 1887, and is now 
 practicing law in San Diego. 
 
 Frances A. Sunol. . Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Fruit Vale. 
 Taught at Sunol Glen, Alameda County, three and one half years. Teach- 
 ing in Marin County. 
 
 Claudia M. Tompkins (Mrs. W. A. Stephens) Yolo County. 
 
 Present address. Madison. 
 Taught at Madison, two and one half years. Married January 12, 1887. 
 Not taught since. 
 
 Anita Whitney Alameda County. 
 
 Home address, 1076 Fourteenth Street, Oakland. 
 Not taught. Has spent time since graduation in study. Is attending 
 Wellesley College, Massachusetts, and expects to graduate in June, 1889. 
 
 Elma K. Yaney Inyo County. 
 
 Present address, Bishop Creek. 
 Taught continuously since graduation in Inyo County. 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH CLASS-DECEMBER, 1884. 
 Carl H. Allen Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Wrights. 
 Taught in the State of Nevada, one term ; in Fresno County, one term. 
 Now engaged in fruit raising in the Santa Cruz Mountains. 
 
 Elise M. Asmus San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 917 Polk Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one term. 
 
 Florence Baugh (Mrs. C. H. Betts) San Diego County. 
 
 Present address, Bradley, Monterey County. 
 Taught two and one half years in Monterey County. Suspended work 
 in May, 1887, on account of ill health. Married December 7, 1885. 
 
State Normal School. 235 
 
 Ida Beggs Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos. 
 Taught in Fresno County from graduation until November, 1888. Since 
 that time has been teaching in Los Gatos. 
 
 Addie S. Bennett (Mrs. E. S. Pinney) Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, Tulare. 
 Taught one year in Tulare County, then left the work permanently on 
 account of ill health. 
 
 Alice Camp Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught at Pacific Mills, Santa Cruz County, one and one half years ; in 
 Santa Clara County, two years ; in Felton, Santa Cruz County, one year. 
 
 Lola B. Clayes San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, two years. Since September, 1886, has 
 taught constantly, both summer and winter, in Calaveras County. Summer 
 school at Big Trees. 
 
 Annie Cochrane Mono County. 
 
 Present address, Bodie. 
 Taught three years in Mono County. In December, 1887, was teaching 
 at Bodie. 
 
 Georgietta N. Congdon (Mrs. Fred. Bailey) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Port Townsend, Washington Territory. 
 Taught in Santa Barbara County, four months; Sierra County, six 
 months; Los Angeles County, four months. Prevented from teaching a 
 greater length of time by sickness in the family. Married January 10^ 
 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Ione M. C unningham Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Soquel. 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching in Summit District, Santa Cruz Mount- 
 ains, where she had taught one and one half years. 
 
 Julia Daubenbis Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Soquel. 
 Taught continuously in Santa Cruz County since graduation ; for the past 
 three years in Branciforte School. 
 
 Carrie F. Donnelly San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 318 Oak Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught four months in San Benito County, in spring of 1885. "Work 
 suspended from that time until September, 1888. Since then has been 
 teaching in New Almaden, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Anna H. Dowling Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Moore's Flat. 
 Taught one and a half years in a private school at Grass Valley. At last 
 report, 1887, was teaching first year in public schools, at Iowa Hill, Placer 
 County. 
 
236 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Annie Downing (deceased) Monterey County. 
 
 Taught four months in spring of 1885. in Monterey County. Was pre- 
 vented by sickness from further work. Died at her home in Salinas City, 
 November 2, 1886. 
 
 Lillie Duncan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught in San Benito County, one and one half years. In August, 1886, 
 began teaching at Norwalk, Los Angeles County, where she was teaching 
 at last report, May, 1887. 
 
 Carrie M. Gardner (Mrs. W. H. Peake) Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Corning, Tehama County. 
 Taught in the Chico School from October, 1885, to May, 1887. Married 
 May 11, 1887. Not teaching. 
 
 G. Annie Girdner (Mrs. Geo. A. Pratt) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Challenge Mill, Yuba County. 
 Taught one term in Sacramento County; two years at Orland, Colusa 
 County; one year in Marysville; one term in Yuba County. Teaching 
 second term at Challenge Mill. Married February 20, 1889. 
 
 Mildred Hanson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Tulare County, one year; San Luis Obispo County, two years; 
 Washington Territory, one year. Now teaching in Waitsburg, Washing- 
 ton Territory. To return to California soon. 
 
 Mary G. Harriman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Dutch Flat, Placer County. 
 At last report had taught one year in Placer County. Was not teaching. 
 
 Annie C. Hennings . Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1652 Fourteenth Street, West Oakland. 
 Taught in Alameda County constantly since graduation. Teaching in 
 Oakland. 
 
 Katie L. Henry San Joaquin County, 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught two years in Fresno County. Not teaching. 
 
 Anne Hetfield (Mrs. Hasty) Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, two years. Married March 5, 1887. One 
 child. Work suspended after marriage two years. Teaching in Humboldt 
 County. 
 
 Thompson Hollingsworth Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Jolon, Monterey County. 
 Taught three months in Santa Cruz County. Suspended work in June, 
 1885, to take up land in Monterey County. Now farming, but expects to 
 teach again. Married April 26, 1887. 
 
State Normal School. 237 
 
 Etta H. Jackson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Alameda. 
 Since July, 1885, has taught continuously in the public schools of 
 Alameda. 
 
 Henrietta E. Kingdon Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, Scales. 
 Taught in Scales three years, to December, 1887. Is now taking a course 
 in the Cooper Medical College, San Francisco. Teaching private school at 
 Scales during vacation. 
 
 Hattie V. Martin Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, 2719 Pine Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Sacramento County, one year. Since the summer of 1886 has 
 been teaching in San Francisco, Pacific Heights School. 
 
 Lottie J. Matthis Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught in Monterey County, three years ; in Franklin School near San 
 Jose, one year. Not teaching at present. 
 
 Jennie G. McCarthy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught three years in Humboldt County. Now teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 Kate G. McElwee San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Auburn, Placer County. 
 Taught in El Dorado County, one year; Placer County, three years. 
 Teaching at Auburn. 
 
 Kate A. McGivern__ San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 381 Dolores Street, San Francisco. 
 At last report, 1886, had taught one year in Del Norte County. 
 
 Thomas J. McGrath Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, St. Louis. 
 Taught three years in Sierra County. During 1886 was bookkeeping and 
 clerking. Teaching at Goodyear Bar. Is President of the Board of Edu- 
 cation of Sierra County. 
 
 Margaret E. McIntosh State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Reno. 
 Taught in Boca, Nevada County, one year. At last report, 1886, was to 
 teach the same school again. 
 
 Charles N. Mills Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka Mills, Plumas County. 
 Taught in Sierra County, one year; Plumas County, one and one half 
 years; Sutter County, one half year. In 1887 was teaching at Eureka 
 
 Mills. 
 
238 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Mamey Murray Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Auburn. 
 Taught in Sierra County, one year; Placer and Sacramento Counties, 
 twelve months; Normal School, San Jos4, five months; Salinas City, one 
 month ; Placer County, six months. Has given much attention to music, 
 and is now teaching music pupils in Auburn. 
 
 Nettie M. Murray ■ Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Auburn. 
 Taught four years. At last report was teaching. 
 
 Callie F. Neel (Mrs. J. W. Thomas) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Gilroy. 
 Taught in a joint district of Santa Clara and San Benito Counties, two 
 and one half years. 
 
 Annie M. Nicholson Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Madera. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one term. Since September, 1885, has 
 taught in the school at Madera. Is now Principal. 
 
 Mary E. Norton Marin County. 
 
 Present address, San Rafael. 
 Has taught three years in the San Rafael schools. Previous to that taught 
 one year in a country school in Marin County. 
 
 Dora A. Perry Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Suisun. 
 Taught in Solano County, one year; in Los Angeles County, one and one 
 half years. In 1887 was teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 Wilemina Ramer ..Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Taught at Dougherty's Mill, Santa Cruz County, three years. Since that 
 time has been teaching in the Santa Cruz schools. 
 
 Lizzie A. Rennie Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Yuba City. 
 Taught in Solano County, two years; in Sutter County, two years. 
 Teaching in Yuba City. 
 
 Nellie B. Richardson (Mrs. Walt. S. Huyck)_. Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught in Merced County, two years; Santa Barbara County, one term. 
 Work suspended one year because of sickness. Married in November, 
 1887, and has not taught since. 
 
 Maggie E. Robertson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, 44 Whitney Street, San Jose. 
 Has taught continuously in Monterey County since graduation ; for the 
 past three years at Paraiso Springs. 
 
State Normal School. 239 
 
 Electra M. Rumsey (Mrs. A. C. Sherwood) Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught in San Mateo County, three months ; in San Diego County, one 
 year. Has also taught private pupils. At last report was not teaching. 
 
 Agnes A. Spatz San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Alameda. 
 Taught in Alameda County since graduation. Teaching in Alameda. 
 
 Birdie E. Stoddard San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 426 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught four months in Sonoma County. Since January, 1886, has been 
 teaching in San Francisco, Potrero School. 
 
 Gertrude Thomson (Mrs. Epperly) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Avenales, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Was prevented from teaching for two and one half years after gradua- 
 tion by sickness. Has been teaching since August, 1887, in San Luis 
 Obispo County. 
 
 Mattie M. Trimble Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has taught one and one half years in Santa Clara County. Teaching in 
 Orchard District. 
 
 Nettie C. Warring Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Monterey County, one term. Since October, 1885, in Ventura 
 County. At last report, 1887, was teaching at Saticoy. 
 
 Annie L. Wells Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Monterey County, one year. At last report, 1886, was teach- 
 ing in Sierra County. 
 
 Nina F. WiLLiAMs(Mrs. Harry Van Valkenburgh) . Santa Clara Co. 
 Present address, Cholame, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught during 1885 in Monterey and San Benito Counties. Spent two 
 years attending the Art School in San Francisco. In 1887-88 taught one 
 year in San Luis Obispo County. Married November 14, 1888. 
 
 TWENTY-EIGHTH CLASS— MAY, 1885. 
 Edith E. Ayer Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Milpitas. 
 Has taught continuously in the Milpitas school since graduation. 
 
 Hattie E. Backus San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Hollister. 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching at Cienga, San Benito County. Had 
 taught in that county two years. 
 
240 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Estella M. Bagnell Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Madera, Fresno County. 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County ; three and a half years in Fresno 
 County; since 1887 at Madera. • 
 
 Henry R. Bailey Marin County. 
 
 Present address, Tomales. 
 Taught one year in Lake County. Spent two years in dairy-farming. 
 At last report, August. 1887, was teaching the Tomales school. Member of 
 County Board of Education. Married. One child. 
 
 William H. Bailey (deceased) Marin County. 
 
 Taught one year; then engaged in farming. Died in San Francisco, 
 October 3, 1889. 
 
 Alice K. Ballou Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose. 
 Taught one term in Santa Clara County. Is now taking a course in the 
 Boston Conservatory of Music. To return to California in summer of 1889. 
 
 Carrie Beckwith. Humboldt County. 
 
 Home address, Hydesville. 
 Taught three years at Table Bluff, Humboldt County. Teaching in 
 Washington Grammar School, San Francisco, since August, 1888. 
 
 William 0. Blodget Shasta County. 
 
 Present address, Millville. 
 Taught one year in Butte County, and two and one half years in Shasta 
 County. Much of the time has taught twelve months in the year, alter- 
 nating summer and winter schools. 
 
 Julia Bodley Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one and one fourth years in Santa Clara County after graduation. 
 Since that time has been engaged in the office of the City Clerk, San Jose. 
 
 Mattie Bradley Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Taught in North Bloomfield, one year; since August 30, 1886, in the 
 Primary School, Nevada City. 
 
 Laura E. Bride (Mrs. Wm. H. Powers) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Taught three years in the schools of San Francisco. Married February 
 19, 1889. 
 
 Emma H. Bushnell Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. 
 Taught four months in Solano County. In September, 1886, removed, 
 with her family, to Pennsylvania. Since then has spent her time in study 
 at the Waynesburg College. 
 
State Normal School. 241 
 
 Nannie L. Calhoun Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Windsor. 
 Has taught continuously near Windsor since graduation. 
 
 Maggie E. Carr Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Rohnerville. 
 Taught constantly in Humboldt County since graduation. 
 
 Frank R. Cauch Santa Barbara County. 
 
 Present address, Selma, Fresno County. 
 Taught in Modoc County, three years — a part of this time twelve months 
 in the year. Since September, 1888, has taught at Selma. Member of Board 
 of Education in Modoc County. Married November 11, 1887, to Miss Lydia 
 V. Addicott. 
 
 Tillie M. Clark Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose. 
 Teaching near Yuba City, Sutter County, third year in the same school. 
 
 Ella Coleman (deceased) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Taught six months in Monterey County. Gave up work on account of 
 sickness. Died June 10, 1886. 
 
 Emma J. Dickey Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Has taught in Humboldt County continuously since graduation. Teach- 
 ing in Eureka. 
 
 Julia A. Donovan Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Polsom. 
 In 1887 was teaching at Grizzly Flat. Had taught two years in El 
 Dorado County. 
 
 Ella A. Ferry Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1317 Jackson Street, Oakland. 
 In 1887 was teaching in the Oakland schools. 
 
 Marine Gage (deceased) Sacramento County. 
 
 Taught in Gait two years and six months. Died June 3, 1888. His death, 
 from quick consumption, occurred six weeks after he closed his school. 
 Mr. Gage was a noble man and an earnest teacher. His work received the 
 highest praise from those who knew him best. 
 
 Josephine A. Gairaud (Mrs. D. T. Bateman) Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Mountain View. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation at Mountain View, Santa 
 Clara County. 
 
 Minnie G. Galindo Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Mission San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Sunol, and since then has taught in Mission San 
 Jose. 
 
242 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Bessie E. Gibbons Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, West End, Alameda. 
 Substituted four months in San Leandro; taught one year in Napa 
 County; one year in Monterey County. Since January, 1888, in Alameda 
 County. 
 
 Georgia A. Gordon Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Monterey. 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching in Monterey County. Had taught one 
 year. 
 
 Frank M. Graham Kern County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Merced County, two years ; Butte County, six months ; Santa 
 Clara County, one year. Teaching at Berryessa, near San Jose. 
 
 Francisco Greiersen Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Oakdale. 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one year; in Fresno County, three months. 
 Work suspended much of the time since graduation because of sickness. 
 Not teaching at present. 
 
 Lillie Harris Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Pleasanton. 
 Has taught continuously in Pleasanton, since March, 1886. 
 
 Theodosia M. Hawxhurst (Mrs. Frederick E. Glass) 
 
 Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Antioch. 
 Taught three years in Contra Costa County. Married December 19, 
 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Agnes G. Henry San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 253 Fremont Street, Stockton. 
 Taught two years in Fresno County. Not teaching. 
 
 Stella M. Herndon Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching at Saratoga. Has taught in Santa Clara County three and one 
 half years. 
 
 Jessie Irving Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 711 Fifth Street, Oakland. 
 In 1887 was teaching in Oakland, where she had taught one term. 
 
 Mary E. Kelsey (Mrs. L. M. Damewood).- Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Royal, Lane County, Oregon. 
 Taught in Placer County, three months; in Oregon, three years; in Por- 
 terville, Tulare County, one term. Teaching in Royal. Was married in 
 Oregon January 22, 1887. 
 
State Normal School. 243 
 
 Emily F. A. Knott Marin County. 
 
 Present address, 609 Post Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught two years in Sononia County. Has not taught since the spring 
 of 1887, because of home duties. 
 
 Maggie Kottinger Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Did not teach, except a short time in a private family, until August, 1887; 
 then taught one year in Santa Clara County. Now teaching in Merced 
 County, near Snelling. 
 
 Annie M. Kullak Santa Clara County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 Taught two years in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near Wrights ; one year 
 in San Luis Obispo County ; since July, 1888, at Moss Landing, Monterey 
 County. 
 
 Flora E. Lacy Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Has taught since March, 1886, in San Diego and Santa Cruz Counties. 
 
 William W. Locke San Joaquin County. 
 
 Home address, Lockeford. 
 Taught. about two years in San Joaquin County. Is now at Exeter, New 
 Hampshire, preparing for college. 
 
 George W. Martin (deceased) Shasta County. 
 
 Mr. Martin was taken ill with lung trouble during the second term of 
 the Senior year, and was obliged to leave school before the close of the 
 term. The disease developed rapidly in spite of all attempts to check it. 
 He died at his home in Millville, Shasta County, October 8, 1885. 
 
 Lillie J. Miller Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, New Almaden. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in the primary grade of the 
 New Almaden school. 
 
 Mary T. Neuebaumer Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Columbia. 
 Was prevented by sickness from teaching for several months after grad- 
 uation. Since August, 1886, has taught in Placer County. At last report, 
 was teaching at Newcastle. 
 
 Ida C. Nichols. Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Freestone. 
 Since graduation has taught two and one half years in Sonoma County. 
 Has spent the remainder of the time pursuing higher studies. Teaching 
 at Glen Ellen, Sonoma County. 
 
 Mary L. Ortley (Mrs. F. A. Wilcox) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, one year. Married June 13, 1886. Not 
 taught since. 
 
244 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Nellie Page Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Mountain View. 
 Taught one year in Mariposa County. Since summer of 1886 has taught 
 at Mountain View. 
 
 Lizzie A. Parker Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Berkeley. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in the Prescott School, 
 Oakland. 
 
 Edith L. Purinton (Mrs. Elsworth G. Sharon). .Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Merced County, two years. Not taught since May, 1888. 
 Married April 7, 1889. 
 
 Margaret Richmond Humboldt County. 
 
 At last report, 1887, was teaching at Perndale, Humboldt County. Had 
 taught two years. 
 
 Daisy C. Schutte (Mrs. Robert I. Lillie) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. 
 Taught one term in Los Angeles County, and one year in Humboldt 
 County. Gave up work because of failing health, and went to the Sand- 
 wich Islands, where she was married July 14, 1887. 
 
 Ella M. Stilson San Mateo County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose. 
 Did not teach for first year after graduation. Has since taught one year 
 in Monterey County, and one and a half years in Contra Costa County. 
 Teaching. 
 
 Annie L. Taylor (Mrs. Heman Gr. Squier) San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Gibsonville, Sierra County. 
 Taught about two years in Sutter County. Married May 19, 1887. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 Ida M. Thomas Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching at Evergreen. Has taught in Santa Clara County constantly 
 since August, 1885. 
 
 Martha A. Trimingham Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Sunol Glen. 
 Taught three years in the Sunol Glen school. In September, 1888, opened 
 school in Daneville, Placer County. 
 
 Nannie E. Tuttle Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Taught one year. At last report was not teaching, because of ill health. 
 
 Emma Votaw (Mrs. John Barry) Amador County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year in Amador County. Not taught since marriage. 
 
State Normal School. 245 
 
 Kate C. Wambold Sonoma County. 
 
 Home address, Cloverdale. 
 Taught two years in San Simeon, San Luis Obispo County, to May, 1887 ; 
 in San Luis Obispo, one and one half years ; in Mendocino County, one 
 term. Has suspended work to take the Post Graduate course in the Normal 
 School at Los Angeles. 
 
 Henry E . Witherspoon Arizona Territory. 
 
 Present address, Etna, Siskiyou County. 
 Taught private pupils in San Jose' until October, 1886. Since that time 
 has taught in Siskiyou County ; for more than a year past at Etna. Has 
 written on mining and geology for a mining paper. 
 
 Cora K. Wyckoff Alameda County. 
 
 Home address, 1512 Ninth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught rive months in Monterey County. In April, 1886, resigned, and 
 went to the Sandwich Islands. Since May, 1886, has been teaching in the 
 East Mauii Seminary, Makawao, Mauii. 
 
 Edith D. Yaple (Mrs. Jas. S. Moulton) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Ripon. 
 Taught two years near Ripon. Married July 31, 1887. Since that time 
 has taught in the school at Linden, of which her husband is Principal. 
 
 TWENTY-NINTH CLASS-DECEMBER, 1885. 
 Charles C. Adams San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Lathrop. 
 Taught in San Joaquin County continuously since graduation. Teaching 
 at Lathrop. 
 
 John B. Atchison Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Oroville. 
 In December, 1887, was teaching his first school, at Forest City, Sierra 
 County. Previous to this was engaged in printing. 
 
 Horace G. Bacon San Benito County. 
 
 In December, 1886, had been Principal of the school in Alamo, Contra 
 Costa County, one year. 
 
 Julia S. Brown (Mrs. Joshua Downs) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Solano County, one term, of three and one half months. 
 Married November 11, 1886. Not taught since. 
 
 Mary E. Browning Amador County. 
 
 Present address, lone. 
 Taught one year in Monterey County ; two years in Fresno County. 
 "Work suspended several months because of sickness. Not teaching at 
 present. 
 
 17 
 
246 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Harry F. Clark Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, Saticoy, Ventura County. 
 Taught in Sutter and Yuba Counties, one year; was Principal of the 
 school at Brentwood, Contra C6sta County, two years. Left the profession 
 in November, 1888, and is now farming. Married July 27, 1887, to Miss 
 Aggie B. Nicholl, of the same class. One child. 
 
 Anne F. Conlin Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Grass Valley. 
 In July, 1887, had taught one year in the Grass Valley schools, and 
 expected to continue. 
 
 Frances S. Conn Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City, Fresno County. 
 Taught two years in the primary department at North San Juan, to 
 April, 1888. Is teaching in Central Colony, near Fresno City. 
 
 Mary A. Cook State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taugbt in Santa Clara County, one and one half years. Has taught in 
 Amelia Street School, Los Angeles, since October, 1887. 
 
 LrviA M. Cox (Mrs. Frank Glass) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught the same school, near San Ramon, Contra Costa County, for two 
 years, to November, 1887. Married December 28, 1887. One child. Not 
 teaching. 
 
 Florence Crichton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught two years in Sierra County and one year in Santa Clara County. 
 Not teaching at present. 
 
 Lilian A. Cross Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Roseville. 
 Taught first half year in Sacramento County ; second half year in Hum- 
 boldt County. In January, 1887, was teaching a joint district of Sacra- 
 mento and Placer Counties, near Antelope. 
 
 Lizzie Deacon San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 811 Twentieth Street, San Francisco. 
 In April, 1887, had been teaching one month in Sierra District, Santa 
 Clara County ; first school. 
 
 Albert L. Dornberger Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Mayfield. 
 Taught a private school in Stanislaus County one year. Since July, 1887, 
 has been Principal of the Mayfield school. 
 
 Victor Dornberger.- Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Mayfield. 
 Taught music in San Francisco for several months. Since July, 1887, has 
 taught in the Mayfield school. 
 
State Normal School. 247 
 
 Florence Galloway Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Valley Ford. 
 Taught in Humboldt County, two years; Sonoma County, one year. 
 Teaching in Sonoma County. 
 
 Lewis Goble Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Ferndaie. 
 Taught two and one half years in Humboldt County. Now teaching at 
 Laws, Inyo County. 
 
 Margaret Graham (Mrs. Joseph Hood) Kern County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught six months in the State of Nevada, and one year in San Jose. 
 Married June 21, 1887. One child. 
 
 Ada M. Greene San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one month in Monterey County; one year in Santa Clara County. 
 Teaching at Berryessa. 
 
 E. Louise Grove San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 546 Elm Street, Oakland. 
 Taught for one year, from July, 1886, in Alameda County. At last report, 
 February, 1888, was teaching in Los Angeles. 
 
 Sarah C. Handly Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 In September, 1886, began teaching at Benton, Mono County. At last 
 report was teaching the same school. 
 
 Etta E. Herrmann Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present addre'ss, San Jose. 
 At last report was teaching in Santa Clara County. Had taught in that 
 county five months, and in Sacramento County one term. 
 
 Lizzie Keaton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught two and one half months in Stanislaus County; two years in 
 Monterey County. Since July, 1888, has been teaching at Mountain View, 
 Santa Clara County. 
 
 Minnie E. Lorigan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught one year at Felton, Santa Cruz County. Is now teaching in 
 Santa Clara. 
 
 Fanny S. Lyons Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Folsom. 
 At last report, 1887, had taught one year in Sacramento County. 
 
248 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Fanny L. McKean Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year; in San Bernardino County, one 
 year; in Monterey County, four months. Teaching near Weimer, Placer 
 County. 
 
 Mollie McLeran Santa Clara County. 
 
 Taught three years in Alviso, Santa Clara County; part of this time as 
 Principal. Is now teaching at Trinity Center, Trinity County. 
 
 Lizzie C. Monaghan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Since graduation has taught continuously in the Hester School, San Jose\ 
 
 Frances Murray Alameda County. 
 
 Taught in Marin County, five months ; in Oakland, one year. At last 
 report, was teaching in Darwin, Inyo County. 
 
 Aggie B. Nicholl (Mrs. H. F. Clark) Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Saticoy, Ventura County. 
 Taught one term in Contra Costa County. Married July 27, 1887. One 
 child. 
 
 John F. Ogden Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has taught since spring of 1887 in same school near Yuba City, Sutter 
 County. 
 
 Julia Rumrill Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, San Pablo. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in San Pablo. 
 
 Nettie C. Sharpe State of Nevada. 
 
 Home address, Gold Hill. 
 Has taught since October, 1886, in Nevada. Is teaching second year at 
 Washoe City. 
 
 Clara E. Shaw Santa Clara County. 
 
 In August, 1886, had just opened her first school near Erie, San Benito 
 County. No report since. 
 
 Winnie S. Sledge Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Madera. 
 Taught three months in a country district in Fresno County directly 
 after graduating. Since November, 1886, has taught in the Fresno City 
 schools. 
 
 S. Helen Snook Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1678 Taylor Street, Oakland. 
 Since January, 1886, has taught continuously in the Oakland schools. 
 
State Normal School. 249 
 
 Adelaide C. Spafford Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 2315 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one term at Alma, Santa Clara County ; two years in the Eureka 
 Academy, Eureka, Humboldt County. Teaching near San Luis Obispo. 
 
 Heman G. Squier Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, Gibsonville, Sierra County. 
 Has taught continuously since July, 1886, one term in Sutter County, and 
 the remainder of the time in Plumas County. Now teaching at Quincy, 
 Plumas County. Married May 19, 1887, to Annie L. Taylor, Class of May, 
 1885. 
 
 Hattie L. Stilson San Mateo County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose". 
 Has taught two years in San Diego County and one year in Contra Costa 
 County. Teaching near Wildomar, San Diego County. 
 
 M. Ruth Thompson , Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Has taught since April, 1886, in Santa Clara County. Is now teaching in 
 Santa Clara. 
 
 Dora Thrush San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught one term in Fresno County in 1887; one year in San Joaquin 
 County. Teaching in Stockton. 
 
 Marion E. True (Mrs. W. H. Edwards)-- Lassen County. 
 
 Present address, Los Angeles. 
 Taught two years in Lassen County. Married in June, 1888, and left the 
 profession of teaching, 
 
 Minnie G. Ward Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Oroville. 
 Spent some months after graduation in studying music. In January, 1888 , 
 had taught one term in Butte County, and expected to teach the same 
 school again. 
 
 Nellie Wyckoff ■•. .Alameda County. 
 
 Home address, 1512 Ninth Street, Oakland. 
 Taught two and one half years in Monterey County. Since September, 
 1888, near Woodland, Yolo County. 
 
 Anna P. Zane Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Since summer of 1886 has taught continuously in the Eureka schools. 
 Previous to that taught one term near Hydesville. 
 
250 Historical Sketch. 
 
 THIRTIETH CLASS-MAY, 1886. 
 
 George E. Arnold Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Milpitas. 
 Has taught two years at Loyalton, Sierra County. Teaching. 
 
 Osee E. Ashley Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Milpitas. 
 Last report, May, 1887, had taught one year at Milpitas. 
 
 Hugh L. Bankhead Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Pino. 
 Is teaching third year in Tehama County, at Paskenta. Has also taught 
 six months at St. Louis, Sierra County. 
 
 Lena Barkley Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Chico. 
 Taught two years in Butte County. 
 
 Mamie Bass Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Pleasanton. 
 Taught in Alameda County, two years. Teaching near Livermore. 
 
 Mamie T. Beckman Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 At last report, 1887, had taught one year in Nevada County, and was to 
 continue. 
 
 Carrie Brauer (Mrs. Frederick W. Plapp) San Francisco. 
 
 Taught two years in primary grades in Anaheim, and one year in Los 
 Angeles. Married August, 1889, in San Francisco. 
 
 Annie P. Buckley Placer County. 
 
 Home address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Stanislaus County, one year ; Placer County, one year. Teach- 
 ing since September, 1888, near Paskenta, Tehama County. 
 
 Grace Campbell Alameda County. 
 
 Home address, Oakland. 
 Has taught at Livermore, Alameda County, continuously since grad- 
 uation. 
 
 Bella R. Cassin Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Has taught in Santa Cruz County continuously since graduation. 
 
 Fred. L. Cauch Santa Barbara County. 
 
 Taught from January, 1887, to May, 1888, in Carpentaria, Santa Barbara 
 County. Has left the profession of teaching, and gone East, to take a two 
 years' course in a dental college. 
 
State Normal School. 251 
 
 Hattie Cory Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one term in Contra Costa County, and one term in Santa Clara 
 County. In 1887-88 took a year's course of study in Mills' Seminary, and 
 graduated. Not teaching at present. 
 
 Julia A. Crowley State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Virginia City. 
 Has taught since September, 1887, as Assistant Principal in the Virginia 
 City High School. 
 
 Josephine Denton Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in the San Jose Fourth "Ward 
 School. 
 
 Rachel S. Gilmour Humboldt County. 
 
 "Present address, Eureka. 
 Taught three years in Humboldt County. Teaching near Eureka. 
 
 Edith A. Granger (Mrs. Elmer E. Chase) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught at Alvarado, Alameda County, until marriage. Married April 
 19, 1888. 
 
 Albert M. Gray Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one and one half years in Evergreen, Santa Clara County; one 
 year in the San Jose" day schools ; two terms in the evening school, where 
 he is now teaching. Is engaged as a life insurance agent. 
 
 Minnie Gray Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Tulare County, two years; Santa Clara County, one year. 
 Teaching in Santa Clara County. 
 
 A. May Griffin Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught one year at Riverside, San Bernardino County. Since July, 1887, 
 has taught near Martinez. 
 
 Isabel [Grummet Butte County. 
 
 Home address, Oroville. 
 Is teaching her third term at Oregon City, Butte County. 
 
 Fannie Hall Alameda County. 
 
 In October, 1887, was teaching in Santa Ana; second year in Los Angeles 
 County. 
 
 Agnes S. Hamilton Alameda County. 
 
 At last report was teaching second year at Richland, Sacramento County. 
 
252 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Florence M. Hays Shasta County. 
 
 Present address, Burney Valley. 
 Is teaching second year in Shasta County. Suspended work one year 
 on account of home duties and other business. 
 
 Helen F. Hodge (Mrs. C. R. Arnold) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Huenenie, Ventura County. 
 Taught in Santa Cruz County, one year ; in Ventura County, one year. 
 Married April 4, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 John M. Holmes (deceased) Fresno County. 
 
 Taught two years in Fresno County. Died in Fresno City, September 2, 
 1889, after an illness of eight weeks. 
 
 Kate F. Howard Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Walnut Creek. 
 Taught two years in Contra Costa County. Teaching. 
 
 Lucy A. Howes Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 In August, 1887, had closed one year's work in Los Angeles County, and 
 expected to teach in Santa Clara County. 
 
 Flora Hunziker (Mrs. E. A. Cooley) Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Cloverdale. 
 Taught two years in the Cloverdale school, until marriage. Not teaching. 
 
 I. Manla Ingemundsen Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Has taught in Napa County continuously since graduation ; since July, 
 1888, in Napa City. 
 
 Marie Johnston .. Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Taiight in Humboldt County, two years. At last report was not 
 teaching. 
 
 Lena C. Jones Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Walnut Creek. 
 At last report was to open third year of work at Walnut Creek. 
 
 Lizzie Keenan Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Has taught three years in Pleasant Valley,. Nevada County. Teaching. 
 
 Ada V. Kelley Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Taught one year in Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Rebecca F. Kennedy Amador County. 
 
 Present address, lone. 
 Taught one and one half years in Amador County; three months in Los 
 Angeles County. 
 
State Normal School. 253 
 
 Louis J. Lathwesen Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one term in Fresno County. Has not taught since except three 
 months in the City Night School, San Jose. For two years past has been 
 engaged in McNeil Brothers' Printing House, San Jose. 
 
 Martin H. Lawson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Bradley, Monterey County. 
 Has not taught since graduation. Is Station Agent at Bradley. 
 
 M. Lily Love Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos. 
 Has taught in the Los Gatos school continuously since graduation. 
 
 Maggie Lowden Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 971 Center Street, Oakland. 
 Taught one year in Alameda County. Not teaching. 
 
 Mary E. Lynch (Mrs. Wm. R. Rhinehart) Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, Gridley, Butte County. 
 Taught two years in Sutter County, and one year in Butte County. 
 Married June 5, 1889, and left the profession. 
 
 Julia A. Manchester Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Merced. 
 At last report had taught one year in Merced County. 
 
 Dora C. McKenzie (deceased) Marin County. 
 
 Taught in San Rafael, Marin County, five months, beginning in January, 
 1887. Gave up work because of illness. Died in San Rafael November 7, 
 1887. Resolutions of respect to her memory were adopted by her fellow 
 teachers and published in the San Rafael papers. 
 
 Mary Mott Sacramento County. 
 
 At last report, August, 1887, was teaching near Ferndale, Humboldt 
 County. Had previously taught one year near Roseville, Placer County. 
 
 Anna L. Murphy Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Brentwood. 
 In December, 1887, had taught one and a half years in the same school 
 near Brentwood. 
 
 Myra A. Parks Lassen County. 
 
 Present address, Janesville. 
 Has taught one and one half years near Janesville, Lassen County. 
 Since January, 1887, has held the office of County Superintendent of Las- 
 sen County. On account of the duties attending this office, her teaching 
 work has been suspended part of the time. 
 
 William 0. Peck Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, Loyalton. 
 At last report, 1887, had been engaged in mining business since gradua- 
 tion and had not taught. 
 
254 Historical Sketch. 
 
 L. Carrie Peckham Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has not taught since graduation. 
 
 Elinor D. Pratt Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Has taught in Humboldt County continuously since graduation; for the 
 past two and one half years in Eureka. Teaching in Eureka. 
 
 Meggie L. Robb Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught in Monterey County, one year. Since August, 1887, has taught 
 in the San Jose schools. 
 
 Susie W. Rucker Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Hamilton District, Santa Clara County. Since sum- 
 mer of 1887 has taught in the Hester School, San Jose 
 
 Mary A. Simmons (deceased) Humboldt County. 
 
 Taught near Areata, Humboldt County, one year. Her health, which 
 was poor during her Senior year, failed rapidly, and she died of consump- 
 tion, September 13, 1887. Miss Simmons was a faithful, conscientious 
 teacher, much beloved by her pupils. Resolutions of respect to her mem- 
 ory were passed by her fellow teachers, at the Humboldt County Institute 
 held in October, 1887. 
 
 Mary J. Stewart Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Alma. 
 Is teaching in Lexington District, near Alma, where she has taught con- 
 tinuously since graduation. 
 
 Delia M. Watkins (Mrs. Campbell) Amador County. 
 
 Taught one year in Amador County; six months in Los Angeles. 
 Married in summer of 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Willard D. Woodworth Sutter County. 
 
 Present address, Yuba City. 
 Has taught three years in Central District, near Yuba City. 
 
 Members of Earlier Classes who made up conditions and received 
 their Diplomas with the Class of May, 1886. 
 
 Mrs. Aimee L. Carey {nee Madan), 1878-79 Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, 1316 California Street, San Francisco. 
 Has not taught since graduation. 
 
 Minnie M. Hyatt (Mrs. Henry J. Barton), 1884-85 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Has not taught since graduation. Married June 5, 1889. 
 
State Normal School. 255 
 
 THIRTY-FIRST CLASS-DECEMBER, 1886. 
 
 M. Lydia Adams State of Nevada. 
 
 Home address, Genoa, Nevada. 
 At last report, January, 1888, had been teaching four months near Wood- 
 fords, Alpine County. First school. 
 
 Nellie M. Breyfogle . Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Madera. 
 Has taught since September, 1887, in the Primary Department of the 
 Madera School. 
 
 Mabel J. Field Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has not taught since graduation. 
 
 Annie L. Frazier Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Taught continuously in Santa Cruz County since graduation. Teaching 
 in the Primary Department of the Watsonville school. 
 
 Susie Gallimore Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in San Jose. Has taught two years in Santa Clara County, and 
 seven weeks in San Mateo County. 
 
 Cora E. Gillespie Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught three months in Sacramento County in 1887, and three and one 
 half months in Santa Clara County in 1888. Work suspended because of 
 ill health. 
 
 May C. Gillooly State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Virginia City, Nevada. 
 In October, 1887, had opened first school in Fresno County. No report 
 since. 
 
 Isabel S. Gleason Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Leandro. 
 Taught two years near San Leandro. Since than has substituted in the 
 Oakland schools. 
 
 Margaret A. Hanson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one term in Santa Clara County, and one term in Santa Cruz 
 County. Teaching at Woodside, San Mateo County. 
 
 S. Adelaide Harris __State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Reno, Nevada. 
 In October, 1887, had taught in Reno since graduation. 
 
256 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Lida E. F. Hatch San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Salinas City. 
 Has taught the Graves School, near Salinas City, continuously since 
 graduation. 
 
 Frank H. Herbert Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Barbara. 
 Taught one term in Monterey County in spring of 1887; then left the 
 profession to become a bookkeeper. Now with Southern Mill and Ware- 
 house Company, Santa Barbara. 
 
 Mary E. Holmes State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Gold Hill, Nevada. 
 Taught one year in Alameda County, and one year at Gold Hill, Nevada. 
 Teaching as Vice-Principal of High School. 
 
 Frances H. Jones Colusa County. 
 
 Present address, Colusa. 
 Has taught two years near Colusa. 
 
 Cora A. Lee Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught five months in Monterey County in 1887, and five months in Ala- 
 meda County in 1888. Teaching in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 May E. Mansfield Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Columbia. 
 Has taught two years in Tuolumne County. Teaching in Columbia. 
 Member of Board of Education. 
 
 Mabel N. McKay Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Newcastle, Placer County. 
 Has taught the same school near Newcastle since September, 1887. 
 
 Carrie M. Mellen Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 932 Fourteenth Street, Oakland. 
 At last report, April, 1888, was teaching near Ventura. Had previously 
 taught one term in Monterey County. 
 
 Ellita Mott Sacramento County. 
 
 In July, 1888, opened first school near Elk River, Humboldt County. No 
 report since. 
 
 Bonnie Oakley Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Folsom. 
 ISlo report since graduation. 
 
 Carrie E. Oliver; Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Soquel. 
 In October, 1887, was teaching near Soquel, where she had taught con- 
 tinuously since graduation. 
 
State Normal School. 257 
 
 Abbie F. Phillips Trinity County. 
 
 Home address, Lewiston. 
 Taught three months at Pacific Grove, Monterey County ; private class 
 at Lewiston, one year. Since July, 1888, has been teaching near Cayucos, 
 San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Anna M. Rasmussen Modoc County. 
 
 Present address. Fort Bid well. 
 At last report had t inght one year in Modoc County, and expected to 
 continue teaching. 
 
 Anna M. Richardson Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 535 Laurel Street, Oakland. 
 Taught one and one half years in Montei-ey County; one year in Oak- 
 land. Teaching in Grant School, Oakland. 
 
 Carrie Somers Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Newcastle. 
 Has taught in the Primary Department of the Auburn school since Octo- 
 ber, 1887. 
 
 Duncan Stirling Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Castroville. 
 Taught one year in Los Angeles County, beginning in Jnly, 1887. Since 
 November, 1888, has been teaching at Meridian, Sutter County. 
 
 Christine Struve Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Has taught in Monterey County since graduation. Teaching near Salinas 
 City. 
 
 Esther Summers Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Del Norte County. Teaching near San Jose since 
 July, 1888. 
 
 Annabel Tuttle (Mrs. W. R. Radcliff) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Ta,ught one and one half years in Los Angeles; one year in Watsonville. 
 Married September 12, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Richard D. Williams - Contra Costa County. 
 
 Post Office address, Pleasanton, Alameda County. 
 Has been teaching since March, 1887, at his home in Contra Costa County, 
 nine miles from Pleasanton. 
 
 M. Frances Young • Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Laurel, Santa Cruz County. 
 Taught one year near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, and one year near 
 Laurel. Teaching. 
 
258 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Member of Class of 1884-85, who made up Conditions and Received 
 Her Diploma with Class of December, 1886. 
 
 H. Grace Reynolds Lake County. 
 
 Present address, Upper Lake. 
 Taught in Lake County since January, 1887. Teaching at Clover Creek. 
 
 THIRTY-SECOND CLASS-MAY, 1887. 
 
 George B. Albee Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Taught rive months in Trinity County; three and one half months in 
 El Dorado County; one and one half months in Humboldt County; one 
 year in Sierra County. Teaching at Sierra City. 
 
 Annie F. Albrecht San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 1917 Green Street, San Francisco. 
 Is teaching second year in San Diego County, at Escondido. 
 
 Jennie A. Allen Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Lorenzo. 
 Is teaching second year at Porno, Mendocino County. 
 
 Lizzie Armstrong Mono County. 
 
 Present address, Coronado, San Diego County. 
 Taught one term in San Luis Obispo County, and two years at Coronado. 
 Teaching. 
 
 Carrie L. Avery Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 Taught one year and a half near Madrone, Santa Clara County. Teach- 
 ing near Salinas City. 
 
 Ethel C. Ayer Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Milpitas. 
 Taught one term at Cupertino, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Louis C. Bailey Marin bounty. 
 
 Present address, Freestone, Sonoma County. 
 Taught one year in Lake County. Not teaching. 
 
 Eva Bennett '_ Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught three months at Alviso. Since December, 1887, has taught in the 
 Santa Clara Street School, San Jose\ 
 
 Grace Bickford Colusa County. 
 
 Present address, Elk Creek. 
 Teaching second year near Elk Creek, Colusa County. 
 
State Normal School. 259 
 
 Charles F. Bondshu Mariposa County. 
 
 Present address, Crescent City, Del Norte County. 
 Has taught in Del Norte County since August, 1887. Is Principal of the 
 Crescent City School and a member of the Board of Education. 
 
 Susie M. Brown (Mrs. G. H. Anderson) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Monterey County before marriage. Married January 
 19, 1889. Not teaching. 
 
 Cillinda A. Casserly Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, Goody ear's Bar. 
 Has taught one year in Sierra County. Did not teach for first year after 
 graduation, because of ill health. 
 
 Madge M. Clayes San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught first year, to May, 1888, in Butte County ; three months in San 
 Luis Obispo County. Teaching near Stockton. 
 
 Jessie M. Cormack Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Edna, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Teaching in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Fannie A. Cottle Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Merced County. Not teaching. 
 
 Maggie Cox Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Is teaching second year in the Lindley school, near Watsonville. 
 
 Della Crain Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Gridley. 
 Teaching second year near Gridley, Butte County. 
 
 Celia Daniels Modoc County. 
 
 Present address, Lake City. 
 Taught one year in Concord, Contra Costa County; one term at Lake 
 City. Teaching in Modoc County. 
 
 Kate M. Davis Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Livermore. 
 Taught two years in the Livermore school. 
 
 Annie E. Durkee Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Warm Springs. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in the Primary Department 
 of the Warm Springs school. 
 
 Nettie Falconer Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching second year in Mariposa County. Address, Lewis. 
 
260 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Frances A. Feely Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Patchin. 
 Taught one year in Sacramento County; one term in Napa County. 
 Has not taught since November, 1888, on account of ill health. 
 
 Minnie B. Finch Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Natoma. 
 At last report, October, 1887, was teaching in Natoma, Sacramento County. 
 
 Agnes R. Gillespie Utah Territory. 
 
 Present address, Park City, Utah Territory. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in Park City. 
 
 Mandilla Gingery Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year in Humboldt County and two terms in Sonoma County. 
 Teaching near Fort Ross, Sonoma County. 
 
 Florence Guppy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has devoted her time since graduation to the study of music. 
 
 Fannie M. Hite (Mrs. Sanford Scott) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Chiles, Napa County. 
 Taught one term at Emmet, San Benito County; one year at Chiles, 
 Napa County. Married December 13, 1888. Expects to continue teaching. 
 
 John C. Hughes Missouri. 
 
 Present address, Sierra City, Sierra County. 
 Has not taught since graduation on account of other business. 
 
 Esther E. A. Jepsen Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 At last report, August, 1887, was teaching in the primary grade of the 
 Napa City school. 
 
 Mrs. Edith Johnson Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Teaching in Fresno County; first school since graduation. 
 
 Lizzie M. Johnston Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 404 Sixteenth Street, East Oakland. 
 Taught one year in Fresno County. Is teaching second term in Hunter 
 District, near Vallejo. 
 
 Alice L. Joslin Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Antioch. 
 Substituted four months in Contra Costa County, and five weeks in Cal- 
 istoga, Napa County ; taught at San Ramon, Contra Costa County, one 
 year. 
 
State Normal School. 261 
 
 Olive M. Knox Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one term in Monterey County. Since January, 1888, has taught 
 in the Hester School, San Jose. 
 
 Theodore T. Koenig Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, three months ; at Hopetown, Merced 
 County, one year ; as Principal of school at Fort Bidwell, Modoc County, 
 one term. Attending Cooper Medical College, San Francisco. 
 
 Alice M. Lasater Washington Territory. 
 
 Present address, Walla "Walla. 
 Taught two years in Humboldt County. Teaching near Table Bluff. 
 
 Ella M. Learned San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Stockton. 
 Taught one and one half years in San Benito County; five months in 
 San Joaquin County. Teaching. 
 
 Edith Leimbach Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 Has taught one year in Sacramento County. 
 
 Mabel M. Leimbach --Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 Teaching second year at Michigan Bar, Sacramento County. 
 
 Sophie E. Litchfield Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Sebastopol. 
 At last report, October, 1887, was Principal of the school at Sebastopol. 
 
 Kitty C. MacGowan San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 131 Post Street, San Francisco. 
 Has taught one year in Humboldt County, and is teaching near Areata. 
 Work suspended one term, spent in Honolulu. 
 
 Helen C. Mackenzie San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Has taught continuously in San Diego since August, 1887. 
 
 Cara J. Manuel Calaveras County. 
 
 Present address, Murphy's. 
 No report since graduation. 
 
 Fannie L. Matson Iowa. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Is the inventor of a language and number frame for use in schools. 
 Upon the preparation and introduction of this she has spent her time 
 since graduation, and therefore has not taught regularly. 
 18 
 
262 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Annie F. McCauley t Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Danville. 
 Teaching second jsear near Antioch, Contra Costa County. 
 
 Amelia G. McKay Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Diego. 
 Taught one year in Placer County ; since spring of 1888 has taught in 
 San Diego County. 
 
 Belle McMullin Stanislaus County. 
 
 ■ Present address, Modesto. 
 Has taught since January, 1888, near Modesto. 
 
 Jennie A. McWilliams 1 Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 Taught three months in San Diego, and one term in Solano County. 
 
 Lizzie M. Morrell (Mrs. H. D. Norton) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Wrights. 
 Taught one year in Ventura County. Married September 19, 1888. Not 
 taught since. 
 
 Edith H. Nichols Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Pacific Grove, Monterey County. 
 Taught one year in Monterey County, near Soledad. Teaching. 
 
 Willis H. Parker Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. 
 Taught in Santa Barbara County, four months ; in Los Angeles County, 
 one and one half years. Teaching atfMcPherson, Los Angeles County. 
 
 Annie Pennycook Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in Vallejo. 
 
 Sarah M. Pinkham San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, Pescadero. 
 Taught one j'ear in Monterey County. 
 
 Nellie Rjckard Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos. 
 Taught fall term of 1887 in Monterey County. Since January, 1888, has 
 taught in Santa Clara County. Teaching in Los Gatos. 
 
 Lora Scudamore Lake County. 
 
 Present address, Lakeport. 
 Has taught continuously in Lake County since graduation. 
 
 Lizzie Sinclair Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Warm Springs. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, near Salmon Falls, El Dorado County. 
 
State Normal School. 263 
 
 Jennie Snook (Mrs. 0. M. Tupper) Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught in Santa Clara County, two months; in Alameda County, eight 
 months. Married October 17, 1888. Not teaching. 
 
 Hilda C. Soderstrom Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Santa Clara County. Teaching, since August, 1888, 
 in San Luis Obispo. 
 
 Cora Somers Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Newcastle. 
 Is teaching second year in Placer County. 
 
 Maggie L. Stenger Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Has taught in Nevada County continuously since graduation. 
 
 William E. Tebbe Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Yankee Hill. 
 Taught one year in Butte County ; one year in Siskiyou County. Teach- 
 ing at Etna, Siskiyou County. 
 
 Neelie G-. Van Heusen Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Chico. 
 Taught during fall term of 1887 near Oroville. Spent several months in 
 the Eastern States. Has been teaching since September, 1888, in Chico. 
 
 Emma Von Dorsten Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching second year in Primary Department of Hamilton District, 
 Santa Clara County. 
 
 Lute L. Wallace (Mrs. J.W. Carpenter) Stanislaus County. 
 
 Present address, Ceres. 
 Has taught two terms near Ceres. 
 
 Bertie Weck San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2107 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught in Fresno County, six months ; in the Fruit Vale school, Alameda 
 County, one term. Teaching in Monterey County. 
 
 Emily E. Williams Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\;j 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in Midway District, Santa 
 Clara County. 
 
 David A. Wilson Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Cherokee. 
 At last report, October, 1887, was Principal of the school at Cherokee. 
 
264 Historical Sketch. 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD CLASS-DECEMBER, 1887. 
 Cora L. Angell State of Nevada. 
 
 Home address, Silver City. 
 Taug-ht one term at Aurora, Nevada ; one term at Silver City. Teaching 
 in Keno. \ < 
 
 Ada S. Barlow Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Mayfield. 
 Has taught since graduation near Mountain View, Santa Clara County. 
 Now teaching in Mountain View. 
 
 Clara Bennett Santa Clara County. 
 
 No report since graduation. 
 
 Lillian Berger Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1454 Tenth Avenue, Oakland. 
 Taught near Germantown, Colusa County, one year. 
 
 Laura Bethell Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has taught in the State Normal School, San Jos6, since January, 1888. 
 
 George H. Boke . . Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Nelson. 
 Taught two months in Modoc County. Has been Principal of the school 
 at Newcastle, Placer County, since September, 1888. 
 
 Lillian E. Church Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching in San Benito County since August, 1888. 
 
 Jennie Churchill Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching in Santa Clara County, since March, 1888. 
 
 Martha E. Cilker Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos. 
 Taught five months in Santa Clara County; since September, 1888, in 
 Fresno County. 
 
 Rose M. Clark Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 Teaching at Franklin, Sacramento County. 
 
 Mabel S. Clarke Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Niles. 
 Has taught one year in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Mamie A. Coughlin State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Gold Hill. 
 Taught three terms near Altamont, Alameda County. Now teaching at 
 Bishop, Cal. 
 
State Normal School. 265 
 
 Nina Cowden Sierra County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 Taught four months in Tulare County; seven months in San Diego 
 County. Not teaching. 
 
 Lizzie Davis Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year at Jolon, Monterey County. Not teaching because of 
 ill health. 
 
 Nellie B. Day Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Spokane Falls, Washington. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, at Spokane Palls. 
 
 Virgia V. Deal San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2007 Bush Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching in Monterey since October, 1888. 
 
 G. May De Lamater Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching in Santa Cruz since February. 
 
 Wilhelmina Denny Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught for a short time in Fresno County. Work suspended several 
 months on account of sickness. Teaching in Monterey County. 
 
 Kate L. Devlin Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Areata. 
 Has taught one year in Humboldt County. 
 
 Zader Eley Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Herndon. 
 Has taught in Fresno County continuously since graduation. 
 
 •D. Carter Elliott Michigan. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 Has not taught since graduation. Is attending Dental Department of 
 University of California. 
 
 Emily E. Galinger Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Areata. 
 Has taught in Humboldt County one and one half years. Teaching. 
 
 Charlotte Z. Gleason Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Leandro. 
 Taught one year in Alameda County. Teaching. 
 
 James W. Graham Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, Yokohl. 
 Teaching near Yokohl since September, 1888. 
 
266 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Ida Gray Yuba County. 
 
 Present address, Marysville. 
 Taught one term in Sutter County; one year near Marysville. Teaching 
 near Nicolaus, Sutter County. 
 
 Susie H. Harvey Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Alvarado. 
 Has taught in Alvarado school since January, 1888. 
 
 Mary E. Healey Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San J ose\ 
 Has taught in Hall's Valley, Santa Clara County, since January, 1888. 
 
 Margaret Henderson Humboldt County. 
 
 Home address, Eureka. 
 Teaching third term near Newark, Alameda County. 
 
 Cecelia M. Henry Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Alamo. 
 Has taught continuously since graduation in Contra Costa County. 
 
 Bertram A. Herrington Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Taught one year. Is now a lawyer and real estate agent in San Miguel. 
 
 Amanda Hinshaw ■ Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Sebastopol. 
 Is teaching third term since graduation in Pleasant Hill District, Sonoma 
 County. Taught the same school for three years before entering the Nor- 
 mal School. 
 
 Hattie E. Isbister --Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Sweetland. 
 Taught one year in Placer County. Teaching. 
 
 Minnie R. Joslin Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Antioch. 
 Has not taught since graduation. 
 
 Laura B. Keel (Mrs. Martin F. Hauck) Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught four months in Alviso, Santa Clara County, and three weeks in 
 the Normal School as substitute. Married April, 1889. 
 
 Mamie C. Kelly Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has taught near Fresno City continuously since graduation. 
 
 May E. Kennedy San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 110 Haight Street, San Francisco* 
 Elected to the substitute class in the San Francisco School Department 
 in August, 1888. 
 
State Normal School. 267 
 
 Lizzie M. Loucks Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Pacheco. 
 Has taught one and one half years near Pacheco. 
 
 Wilton M. Mason San Joaquin County. 
 
 Home address, Lockeford. 
 Taught in Fresno County, one term ; since July, 1888, near Gait, Sacra- 
 mento County. 
 
 Amelia E. Meyer Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Cape Town, Humboldt County. 
 Has taught one year in Fresno County. Is teaching at Cape Town. 
 
 Mattie C. Morrison Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching third term near Los Gatos, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Katie L. Mullen Plumas County. 
 
 Present address, La Porte. 
 Teaching at La Porte since February, 1888. 
 
 Mary S. Murphy Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Iowa Hill. 
 Taught in Placer County, one term. Since January, 1889, has taught in 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 Jennie A. Ostrom (deceased) Amador County. 
 
 Taught three months in Amador County. She was obliged to give up 
 her work on account of sickness. An attack of brain fever, lasting for 
 many weeks, was followed by quick consumption, which caused her death 
 December 1, 1888. 
 
 Kate Overacker Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Centerville. 
 Has spent her time since graduation in study. Entered the Cooper Med- 
 ical College, San Francisco, in January, 1889. 
 
 Mattie M. Phelps Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Red Bluff, Tehama County. 
 Taught four months in Placer County; one year in Sutter County. 
 Teaching in Colusa County. 
 
 Lucy Plumado El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Placerville. 
 Taught one year at Smith's Flat, El Dorado County. Teaching. 
 
 Jennie G-. Pound San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Fowler, Fresno County. 
 Has taught at Fowler since February, 1888. 
 
 Albert E. Shumate . Missouri. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Not taught since graduation. 
 
268 Historical Sketch. 
 
 M. Kittie Sims (Mrs. T. M. Stark) San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, 322 First Street, Portland, Oregon. 
 Married January 18, 1888. Since September, 1888, has been teaching in 
 the Primary Department of the school at Sellwood, Oregon. 
 
 Delia E. Sinnott Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 No report. 
 
 Mary E. Snell Shasta County. 
 
 Present address, Cayton. 
 Taught continuously since graduation in Shasta and Modoc Counties. 
 Teaching at Cayton. 
 
 Helen E. Spafford San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2315 Sutter Street, San Francisco. 
 On account of home duties did not teach for a year and a half after 
 graduation. Teaching near Cambria, San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Gertrude Steane • Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Pleasanton. , 
 
 Has taught in Alameda County since March, 1888. Teaching at Sunol 
 Glen. 
 
 Agnes Stowell Marin County. 
 
 Present address, San Rafael. 
 Taught four months in San Luis Obispo County. Has been teaching in 
 San Rafael since July, 1888. 
 
 Mary E. Thurwachter Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 On account of ill health, did not teach until July, 1888. Since that time 
 has taught near Watsonville. 
 
 Oliver Webb Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, National City, San Diego County. 
 Taught three terms at National City. Teaching in Siskiyou County. 
 
 Henry C. Welch Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught four months in Santa Barbara County and four months as Prin- 
 cipal of school at Templeton, San Luis Obispo County. Not teaching at 
 present. 
 
 Maggie L. Whelan Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, San Leandro. 
 Substituted one term in Oakland schools, and taught one term in Men- 
 docino County. 
 
 Lillian Williams Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Has taught one year at Santa Paula, Ventura County. 
 
State Normal School. 269 
 
 Member of the Class of May, 1885, ivho made up Conditions and 
 received her Diploma December, 1887. 
 
 Etta A. Sumner (Mrs. A. Kinnear) Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Not taught since graduation. Married October 30, 1888. 
 
 THIRTY-FOURTH CLASS-MAY, 1888. 
 
 Adam D, Alvarez Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Pinole. 
 Taught one term in Fresno County. 
 
 Eula L. Anderson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching near San Jose. 
 
 Emily Anderson San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2661 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
 Has not taught since graduation. 
 
 Hattie J. Angier Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Del Mar, San Diego County. 
 Taught one year in Del Mar. Teaching in San Diego. 
 
 Frederick L. Arbogast Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Teaching since July, 1888, at Liberty Hill, Nevada County. 
 
 Arline L. Bailey San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 226 Fair Oaks Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one term at Iowa Hill, Placer County. Teaching at Pomona, 
 Los Angeles County. 
 
 Belle Bankhead Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Pino. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, in Placer County. 
 
 Annie M. Berry State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Dayton, Nevada. 
 Taught one year at Wabuska, Nevada. Teaching at Dayton. 
 
 Anna I. Bose Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one year in Pioneer District, Santa Clara County. Now Principal 
 of Berryessa School. 
 
 Mrs. Orpah Campbell Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught two months in California. Spent some time studying music. 
 Teaching in the Sandwich Islands. 
 
270 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Ida A. Campbell . Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, in Solano County. 
 
 Jennie A. Coffman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Has not taught since graduation. 
 
 Annie Edith Cook Santa Clara County. 
 
 Teaching since graduation near Lidell, Napa County. 
 
 William W. Coopee Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Haywards. 
 Taught one term in Fresno County. Is now Principal in Alviso District, 
 Alameda County. 
 
 Richard G. Cotter Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 Taught one year in Fresno County. Teaching in San Benito County. 
 
 Ida M. Coyle Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 Teaching since graduation in Fresno County. 
 
 Mary R. Daly Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Antelope. 
 Taught one year near Antelope. Teaching. 
 
 Emma Danielewicz Amador County. 
 
 Present address, Sutter Creek. 
 Teaching since November, 1888, at Middle Fork, Amador County. 
 
 Rachael M. Davis Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Golden Gate, Alameda County. 
 Teaching since July, 1888, in Bay District School, Alameda County. 
 
 Charles L. Edgerton Del Norte County. 
 
 Present address, Smith Paver. 
 Teaching since July, 1888, near Crescent City. 
 
 Bessie Fowler Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Cloverdale. 
 Teaching since August, 1888, in the Primary Department of the Clover- 
 dale school. 
 
 Sadie V. Garner San Benito County. 
 
 Present address, Hollister. 
 Has taught in Bartlett District, San Benito County, continuously since 
 graduation. 
 
 Lawrence J. Geary Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Walnut Creek. 
 Teaching second term in Alamo District, near Walnut Creek. 
 
State Normal School. 271 
 
 Agnes B. Gillespie Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching since October, 1888, at Easton, Fresno County. 
 
 Stella M. Gosbey (Mrs. B. D. Merchant) Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 Taught one term in Soledad, Monterey County. Married April 24, 1889. 
 
 Bertha M. Hall Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Teaching since graduation in Placer County. 
 
 Sallie B. Hampton San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Spokane Falls, Washington. 
 Has been prevented from teaching by illness. Expects to teach soon. 
 
 Susie F. Herbert Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching second term in Chualar Canon, Monterey County. 
 
 L. Jennie Jones Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 Taught one year in Fresno County. 
 
 M. Winona Kaufman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year in Placer County. Teaching near San Miguel. 
 
 Lucy V. Keely State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Virginia City, Nevada. 
 Taught four months in Placer County; four months in State of Nevada. 
 Teaching at Columbus. 
 
 Mary L. Kuhlitz Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Taught four months in Monterey County. Pesigned in January, 1889, 
 on account of poor health, and is not teaching, 
 
 Frank M. Lane Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, at Watts' Valley, Fresno County. 
 
 Nettie J. Leonard San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 819 Howard Street, San Francisco. 
 Taught one year near Pleyto, Monterey County. 
 
 Malsie V. Livingston San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year in Jackson District, Santa Clara County. Teaching at 
 Turlock. 
 
272 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Stella L. Machepert Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught four months in Santa Cruz County, in the fall of 1888. Not 
 taught since, on account of sickness. 
 
 Ada F. Madden Idaho Territory. 
 
 Present address, Caldwell, Idaho. 
 Taught one year in Idaho, near Boise City. 
 
 Nellie Malloy Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching in Lockwood school, Alameda County, since graduation. 
 
 Bert S. Martin El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Georgetown. 
 Teaching since graduation at Georgetown. 
 
 Millie F. Maxey Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year in Laguna District, Santa Clara County. Teaching in 
 Berryessa school. 
 
 Bessie McAllister Marin County. 
 
 Present address, San Rafael. 
 Taught one term near Roseville, Placer County. Teaching at Lakeview, 
 Oregon. 
 
 Adah M. McKenney State of Nevada. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching second term in Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Eva M. Moody ,■- -Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching second term in Vineland District, Santa Clara County. 
 
 Mary J. O'Rourke Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching since August, 1888, in Mount Pleasant District, Santa Clara 
 Count jr. 
 
 Bessie Parker (Mrs. W. I. McCall) Modoc County. 
 
 Present address, Selma, Fresno County. 
 Taught one term at Selma, Fresno County. Gave up work on account 
 of sickness. Married October 31, 1889. 
 
 Charlotte C. Patton San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 6 Bond Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching second term near Petaluma, Sonoma County. 
 
 Lillian E. Purdy San. Francisco. 
 
 Present address, 2114 Steiner Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching second term at Big Trees, Calaveras County. 
 
State Normal School. 273 
 
 Wallace W. Reed Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught six weeks and resigned because of sickness. Is now an express 
 messenger for Wells, Fargo & Co. 
 
 Coknelia Richards San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Present address, Cambria. 
 
 Taught one term in San Luis Obispo County, and one term in Mono 
 County. Teaching in Mono County. 
 
 Gertie F. Rowell Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Easton. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, near Easton. 
 
 Mabel E. Sharp Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Madera. 
 Taught one year at Firebaugh, Fresno County. 
 
 Fannie E. Short Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Boca. 
 Taught four months in Lassen County in fall of 1888. Since that time 
 has taught in the Primary Department of the school at Eeno, Nevada. 
 
 Annie M. Smullen Tuolumne County. 
 
 Present address, Sonora. 
 Taught one year in Tuolumne County. 
 
 Ella E. Stansbury Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 Has taught in Napa County continuously since graduation. 
 
 Emma M. Stephens Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one year in San Luis Obispo County. Teaching in Santa Clara 
 County. 
 
 Emily M. Stetson Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Laurel. 
 Taught one year in Contra Costa County, near Livermore. Teaching. 
 
 George A. Tebbe Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Yankee Hill. 
 Teaching since September, 1888, at Fort Jones, Siskiyou County. 
 
 Lillie Tucker Del Norte County. 
 
 Present address, Crescent City. 
 Teaching second term near Crescent City, Del Norte County. 
 
 Addie S. Turner San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, French Camp. 
 •Teaching since September, 1888, in Monterey County, near Jolon. 
 
274 Historical Sketch. 
 
 Grace Ward Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching at Roseville, Placer County. 
 
 Sadie P. Willard Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 122 Eleventh Street, Oakland. 
 Taught in Napa County, five months. Is substituting in the Oakland 
 schools. 
 
 THIRTY-FIFTH CLASS-DECEMBER, 1888. 
 Alfred C. Abshire --Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Cloverdale. 
 Teaching in Timber Cove District, Sonoma County. 
 
 Hattie E. Allen Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 Taught one term at Bell's Station, Santa Clara County. Teaching near 
 Madrone. 
 
 Annie E. Anglon San Francisco. 
 
 Home address, 629 Eddy Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching at Pino, Placer County. 
 
 Nana Anker San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Cloverdale, Sonoma County. 
 Teaching near Adelaida, San Luis Obispo County, since March, 1889. 
 
 Haddie A. Baggett Siskiyou County. 
 
 Present address, Yreka. 
 Teaching in Siskiyou County since March, 1889. 
 
 Kebecca Bailey Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Livermore, Alameda County. 
 Teaching at Livermore since January, 1889. 
 
 Hannah M. Ball . Tulare County. 
 
 Present address, Woodville. 
 
 Clare A. Benson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, New Almaden. 
 Taught one term in Santa Clara County. Teaching. 
 
 James A. Black Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 Taught four months in Contra Costa County. Teaching at Mount Eden, 
 Alameda County. 
 
 May F. Blackford Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose". 
 Teaching second term in Monterey County. 
 
State Normal School. 275 
 
 Georgia L. Bradshaw Santa Clara County. 
 
 ' . Present address, Milpitas. 
 
 Taught four months in San Antonio Valley. 
 
 Lizzie M. Browning Amador County. 
 
 Present address, lone. 
 Teaching in Placer County. 
 
 Fred. G. Brunhouse Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Ban Jose. 
 Taught four months in San Joaquin County. Teaching in Mariposa 
 County. 
 
 Elizabeth B. Clift Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 1547 San Pablo Avenue. 
 
 Julia C. Colby Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Benicia. 
 
 Jennie A. Crofton Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos, Santa Clara County. 
 Taught five months in Fresno County. 
 
 Katie C. Devine Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in the Franklin school, near San Jose. 
 
 Effie M. Deal -Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching near Evergreen, Santa Clara County, since February, 1889. 
 
 Carolyn B. Doyle (Mrs. Irwin A. Ball) Lassen County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught one term in Lassen County. Married July 3, 1889. 
 
 Mel vina J. Durham Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Pacheco. 
 Teaching near Brentwood, Contra Costa County. 
 
 M. Cornett Fitzwater San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Present address, San Luis Obispo. 
 Teaching in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Kate J. Foley Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching second term in Monterey County. 
 
 Walter Gray Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Chico. 
 Taught four months at Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. 
 
 William M. Greenwell Butte County. 
 
 Present address, Hansonville, Yuba County. 
 Teaching at Mendocino City. 
 
276 Historical Sketch. 
 
 EvaF. Griffin Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Teaching in Contra Costa County, near Martinez. 
 
 Oscar H. Grubbs San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Lockeford. 
 Taught one term near Oleta, Amador County. Teaching in Greenwood, 
 El Dorado County. 
 
 Annie J. Hall (Mrs. Andrew D. Van Arsdell)_. Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Present address, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County. 
 Not taught since graduation. Married April 18, 1889. 
 
 M. Texana Hawkins Fresno County. 
 
 Present address, Fresno City. 
 Taught one month in Fresno County and resigned on account of sickness. 
 
 M. Sue Hickman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in San Luis Obispo County, near Paso Robles. 
 
 Mary E. Hyde Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 Taught one term in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Lillian M. Jtjlien Siskiyou County. 
 
 Present address, Yreka. 
 Teaching in Siskiyou County. 
 
 Annie Kohler Napa Count} 7 ". 
 
 Present address, St. Helena. 
 Teaching since graduation at Independence, Inyo County. 
 
 Nora J. Marbut Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching near Adelaida, San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Nannie T. Matlock 1 Shasta County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in Creston, San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 S. Ellen McFarland Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, 559 Simpson Avenue, Oakland. 
 Taught at Mission San Jos6, Alameda County, one term. Teaching at 
 Mount Eden. 
 
 M. Grace McLellan San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, San Mateo. 
 Not taught since graduation. 
 
 Florence E. McPherson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in San Jose\ 
 
State Normal School. 277 
 
 William H. Murray A San Joaquin County. 
 
 Present address, Lockeford. 
 
 Etta E. Nichols Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Grass Valley. 
 Teaching second term near Cambria, San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Effie Owens Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Teaching in Kern County since January, 1889. 
 
 Pauline M. Page Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Taught one term in Fresno County. 
 
 Allura B. Parker Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Monterey. 
 Teaching in Monterey since January, 1889. 
 
 Emma L. Patton Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Natividad. 
 Taught one term at Natividad. 
 
 Leonora E. Phillips Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Central Point. 
 Teaching in Merced County. 
 
 Adelaide L. Pollock . San Francisco. 
 
 Present address, Seattle, Washington. 
 Teaching at Seattle. 
 
 Lawrence F. Puter Humboldt County. 
 
 Present address, Eureka. 
 Teaching in Eureka. 
 
 Oda Redman Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Watsonville. 
 Teaching in Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Annie L. Remmel Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Alameda. 
 Teaching in Contra Costa County. 
 
 Dollie E. Rockefellow Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, 326 Larkin Street, San Francisco. 
 Teaching Lockwood school, Alameda County, since February, 1889. 
 
 Anthony Rose Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Newark. 
 Teaching at Newark. 
 
 19 
 
278 Histo7'ical Sketch. 
 
 Lella Sanford Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 Taught in Contra Costa County one term. Teaching. 
 
 J. Frances Schtjltzberg Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 Taught five months in Aurora, Nevada. 
 
 Flora B. Smith Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 Teaching in San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Edith S. Smoote Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address. Elk Grove. 
 Taught one term in Fresno County. Teaching. 
 
 Anna M. Talmadge Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Courtland. 
 Not taught since graduation. 
 
 George G. Taylor Butte County. 
 
 Present address, 53 Flood Building, San Francisco. 
 Taught a few weeks as substitute. Is now agent for the Educational 
 Company, San Francisco. 
 
 Della Vandervorst Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in Fresno County. 
 
 Maude L. Welch .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 Teaching in Santa Clara County. 
 
 THIRTY-SIXTH CLASS-JUNE, 1889. 
 
 Note.— The names starred are the names of those who are known to have 
 engaged in teaching before the time when this History goes to print. 
 
 Kara F. Allen Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 
 *Grace L. Anderson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 ^William R. Bankhead Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Pino. 
 
 *Lucy A. Barrett Placer County. 
 
 Present address, Roseville. 
 
State Normal School. 279 
 
 *Franklin K. Barthel Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 Katie C. Bellew Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Milpitas. 
 
 * Julia L. Bellingall Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Mariana Bertola Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, Martinez. 
 
 ^Esther A. Brown Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Mary C. Carr "_ Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 
 * Jennie A. Cilker - Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Los Gatos. 
 
 *Gertrude Connell San Bernardino County. 
 
 Present address, Riverside. 
 
 *George Cosgrave Calaveras County. 
 
 Present address, Angels Camp. 
 
 *Amy A. Davis Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 Jessie N. De Lamater Santa Cruz County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Cruz. 
 
 *Ella Jean Dimon El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Placerville. 
 
 Alice H. Dougherty Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Livermore. 
 
 *F annie A. Fowler .Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 
 *Mamie A. Gafney Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Theresa V. Gargan San Mateo County. 
 
 Present address, Halfmoon Bay. 
 
 *Mary A. Gee Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 
280 Historical Sketch. 
 
 M. Edith Griswold Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *M. Frances Harte Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Gertrude I. Hayes Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Livermore. 
 
 Ella C. Helntz Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Sacramento. 
 
 *Belle F. Higgins Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 
 *M. Genevieve Holden Napa County. 
 
 Present address, Napa City. 
 
 S. Marion Howell Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 * Annie Hughes Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 
 Helena L. Jaeger Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Ollie Jarvis Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Newark. 
 
 *Maggie Jones Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *John G. Jury Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Mollie J. Keller Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 
 Leoline C. Ladd Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Gilroy. 
 
 Carrie E. Lee Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Anna L. Leland Siskiyou County. 
 
 Present address, Dunsmuir. 
 
 *Addie M. Lucy Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 
State Normal School. 
 
 281 
 
 *Minnie L. Mackay Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Lizzie MacKinnon Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 
 *R. Jennie Mangrum Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Clara A. March Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Yolo. 
 
 *Emma T. Martin San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 
 *Alice M. Mc Junkin Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose\ 
 
 *A. Bronson McKean Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 Lulu Miles Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Mary Mutschlechner Sonoma County. 
 
 Present address, Cloverdale. 
 
 *Emnie H. Nichols Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Pacific Grove. 
 
 *Margaret M. O'Donnell Nevada County. 
 
 Present address, Nevada City. 
 
 *Mabel Patterson Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Mary H. Post Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, Santa Clara. 
 
 *Mattie A. Powell Yolo County. 
 
 Present address, Yolo. 
 
 * Lilian E. Purinton Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Adeline Ross Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Newark. 
 
 Ida M. Rounds Solano County. 
 
 Present address, Vallejo. 
 
282 
 
 Historical Sketch. 
 
 *Maky Rumrill Contra Costa County. 
 
 Present address, San Pablo. 
 
 *Sadie C. Ryan Alameda County. 
 
 Present address, Oakland. 
 
 *Fannie R. Schallenberger Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 Jennie R. Sherman State cf Nevada. 
 
 Present address, Reno. 
 
 *Edward D. Spinks Merced County. 
 
 Present address, Athlone. 
 
 *Alida G. Spring Sacramento County. 
 
 Present address, Elk Grove. 
 
 *George M. Steele San Luis Obispo County. 
 
 Present address, San Miguel. 
 
 *Mary E. Sullivan Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address. San Jose. 
 
 *Blanche Tarr Amador County. 
 
 Present address, Volcano. 
 
 ^Georgia Thatcher Mendocino County. 
 
 Present address, Hopland. 
 
 *Nettie C. Theisen El Dorado County. 
 
 Present address, Placerville. 
 
 *Laura L. Thomas Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
 *Mary L. Tinsley Trinity County. 
 
 Present address, Weaverville. 
 
 *Lilian E. Westfall Monterey County. 
 
 Present address, Pacific Grove. 
 
 *Tenah E. Wheeler San Francisco County. 
 
 Present address, San Francisco. 
 
 * Annie L. Wissman Santa Clara County. 
 
 Present address, San Jose. 
 
State Normal School. 283 
 
 PROSPECTUS OF STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT SAN JOSE, 
 FOR 1889-90. 
 
 CALENDAR FOR 1889-90. 
 
 FIRST TERM. 
 
 Entrance examinations, August 30 and 31, 1889. 
 
 Term opens September 3, 1889, and closes January 31, 1890. 
 
 Holiday vacation, December 21, 1889, to January 6, 1890, both inclusive. 
 
 SECOND TERM. 
 
 Entrance examination, February 3, 1890. 
 
 Term opens February 4, 1890; closes June 27, 1890. 
 
 Mid-term vacation, April 12 to April 21, 1890, both inclusive. 
 
 Alumni Association and reunion, Friday evening, June 27, 1890. 
 
 FACULTY. 
 
 C. W. CHILDS Principal and Teacher of Pedagogy. 
 
 GEORGE R. KLEEBERGER. 
 
 Vice-Principal and Teacher of Chemistry and Geology. 
 
 Mes. LIZZIE P. WILSON 
 
 ^. Principal of Training Department and Critic Teacher. 
 
 MARY J. TITUS Preceptress and Teacher of Pedagogy. 
 
 A. H. RANDALL ._ Physics and Mathematics. 
 
 R. S. HOLWAY Physics and Mathematics. 
 
 VOLNEY RATTAN ...". Botany and Geography. 
 
 LUCY M. WASHBURN Physiology and Zoology. 
 
 CORNELIA WALKER Literature, Pedagogy, Grammar, and Reading. 
 
 GLORA F. BENNETT... Literature, Grammar, and Reading. 
 
 NETTIE C.DANIELS. Grammar and Word Analysis. 
 
 Mrs. J.N. HUGHES... History and Botany. 
 
 LAURA BETHELL Mathematics and Grammar. 
 
 GERHARD SCHOOF Drawing. 
 
 FANNIE M. ESTABROOK ..Reading. 
 
 J. H. ELWOOD Teacher of Music. 
 
 RUTH ROYCE . Librarian. 
 
 KATE COZZENS. Teacher in Training Department. 
 
 MAMIE P. ADAMS Teacher in Training Department. 
 
 MARGARET E. SCHALLENBERGER Teacher in Training Department. 
 
 NANNIE C. GILDAY Teacher in Training Department. 
 
 JOHN P. NAAS Instructor in Manual Training. 
 
 Mrs. A. E. BUSH Curator of Museum. 
 
nov s mz