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97 
 
 American Foundrymen's Association 
 
 Eleventh Annual Convention, 
 
 Cleveland, June 6 to 7. 
 
 HE eleventh annual 
 convention of the 
 American Foun- 
 drymen's Associa- 
 tion was marked 
 with many fea- 
 tures which are 
 new and which 
 show not only the 
 past work of the 
 association, but its 
 growth and op- 
 portunities for future development. In 
 the matter of papers alone, the interest 
 taken by the different classes is shown. 
 The I American Foundrymen's Asso- 
 ciation membership is composed of all 
 who are interested in the foundry 
 business. This is a pretty broad speci- 
 fication, and the classes interested are 
 practically all represented in the list 
 of contributors this year. Of the 
 twenty-eight papers and reports pre- 
 sented, four were prepared by found- 
 rymen, six by metallurgists, two by 
 accountants, five by individual fore- 
 men, one by the Cleveland Pattern- 
 makers' Association, the membership 
 of which is composed of patternmaker 
 foremen, three were reports by the 
 secretary or committees, three were 
 prepared by manufacturers, two by 
 college professors, one by an editor, 
 and one a report by Dr. Stratton, of 
 the Bureau of Standards, at Washing- 
 ton, D. C. Each sees the problem 
 from his particular angle, and by com- 
 
 ing together and reading these papers 
 and discussing the subjects, great good 
 to all classes results. 
 
 This year there was one feature 
 which was somewhat different from 
 previous years. That is, that all the 
 sessions were presided over by the 
 president of the A. F. A. and all pa- 
 pers presented to the parent associa- 
 tion. For the last two years the pres- 
 ident of the Foundry Foremen's Asso- 
 ciation has presided at one session, at 
 which most of the Foundry Foremen's 
 papers were read. This was impossi- 
 ble this year for two reasons: First, 
 it was impossible for the president of 
 the Foundry Foremen to stay past 
 the first day of the convention, and 
 the secretary of the Foundry Fore- 
 men's Association was also absent. 
 Second, greater good can be obtained 
 by grouping the papers according to 
 subjects than by grouping them ac- 
 cording to authors, and hence in pre- 
 senting them it is best to arrange them 
 for presentation to the parent body. 
 
 The American Foundrymen's Associa- 
 tion, however, owes a great debt this 
 year to the Associated Foundry Fore- 
 men for their part in the preparation of 
 papers, in the attendance at the con- 
 vention, and for the general interest tak- 
 en in the meetings. 
 
 It is to be hoped that by another 
 year other sections will be developed, 
 which will be equally beneficial to the 
 association. 
 
9 8 
 
 Photographic Group. 
 
 -^ 
 
 V 
 
 n 
 
 Author 
 24S!0a 
 
Associated Foundry Foremen 
 
 99 
 
 Associated Foundry Foremen. 
 
 The business session of the fourth 
 annual convention of the Associated 
 Foundry Foremen was held at the 
 American house, Cleveland, O., on the 
 evening of June 4, with a large at- 
 tendance. President David Reed pre- 
 sided, and in the absence of the secre- 
 tary, Henry M, Lane filled the place. 
 The early part of the session was de- 
 voted to the reading of minutes, ap- 
 pointment of the nominating com- 
 mittee and the reading of the secre- 
 tary's report, which was presented by 
 President Reed and included his report 
 as well. It showed two new locals 
 added during the year and 77 addi- 
 tional members, making a total of 334. 
 The membership has almost doubled 
 in two years. The report called atten- 
 tion to the importance of the appren- 
 tice question and the place of the fore- 
 men in his education. A plea was 
 made for more general support of the 
 association and its benefits were out- 
 lined. The financial statement showed 
 a healthy condition of affairs. 
 
 Reports were received from a num- 
 ber of local associations, though sev- 
 eral were not represented. 
 
 The feature of chief interest in 
 the meeting was brought up by the 
 reading of a communication from Sec- 
 retary F. C. Everitt, recalling the ob- 
 ject of the organization, as stated in 
 the constitution to be "a strictly edu- 
 cational" one. Some instances of 
 labor antagonism, he stated, had de- 
 veloped, and the idea that the associa- 
 tion was involved in this sort of work 
 had been spread by recent publications 
 in The Review of the National Foun- 
 ders' Association and The Iron Hold- 
 ers' Journal. He suggested some ac- 
 tion in this connection. 
 
 A motion that this communication 
 be laid on the table was defeated, 
 after the president had stated that it 
 would be unwise to sidetrack the 
 issue. Mr. Murphy then moved that 
 the report be accepted and that a com- 
 mittee be appointed to consider the 
 problem. This was carried and 
 Messrs. Williams, McMakin and Mc- 
 
 Kenzie were appointed. After a meet- 
 ing of some length, this committee 
 reported a set of resolutions, which 
 did not prove entirely satisfactory, and 
 a substitute resolution was adopted, as 
 follows : 
 
 "Whereas, there has been published 
 in various journals that the National 
 Founders' Association had gained or 
 was gaining control over the Associ- 
 ated Foundry Foremen for the pur- 
 pose of using this association in its 
 conflict with the iron molders' union. 
 And 
 
 "Whereas, in accordance with our 
 constitution such a course would con- 
 flict with the principal object of our 
 existence. And 
 
 "Whereas, there is nothing in our 
 constitution to prevent any of our 
 members as individuals so desiring to 
 join a local foremen's club, organized 
 for the purpose of aiding the objects 
 of the N. F. A. Therefore, be it 
 
 "Resolved, that we emphatically con- 
 firm Article I, Section 2, of our con- 
 stitution, which says: 'The object of 
 this association shall be solely educa- 
 tional,' and further, be it 
 
 "Resolved, that any local organiza- 
 tion forming a part of this association 
 which violates Article 1, Section 2, of 
 our constitution, shall be adjudged in 
 bad standing with the association, and 
 thereby forfeit its charter, as per arti- 
 cle 5, section 4, of the by-laws. And 
 further be it 
 
 "Resolved, that a copy of these 
 resolutions be forwarded to every or- 
 ganization and publication interested." 
 
 The association was addressed briefly 
 by President West, of the American 
 Foundrymen's Association, who com- 
 mented on the number of foundry fore- 
 men interested in educational matters, 
 by Dr. Moldenke, who reviewed the 
 progress of education in the molding 
 industry, by Henry M. Lane, who told 
 of the convention's plans and pros- 
 pects and by others. 
 
 Officers were chosen, as follows: 
 Hugh McPhee, of Bridgeport, Conn., 
 president; Hugh McKenzie, of Cleve- 
 land, first vice president; A. T. Wil- 
 
IOO 
 
 President's Address. 
 
 liams, of Philadelphia, second vice 
 president; F. C. Everitt, of Trenton, 
 N. J., secretary-treasurer. 
 
 Meeting of the American Foundry- 
 men's Association. 
 
 The eleventh convention of the 
 American Foundrymen's Association 
 opened in Cleveland, Tuesday morn- 
 ing, June 5, with a record breaking 
 attendance for the first day. The 
 meeting was held in the large Central 
 Armory, chairs being arranged lor 
 those in attendance at the session of 
 the convention in the central section 
 of the large auditorium, while on all 
 sides were exhibits of foundry sup- 
 plies, constituting the most elaborate 
 display ever made at a convention. 
 While the response of so many dealers 
 in foundry supplies was indeed pleas- 
 ing, there was necessarily consider- 
 able confusion at the opening session, 
 as the placing of exhibits had not been 
 completed, and the committee ap- 
 pointed by the association to attempt 
 to suppress noise had all that it could 
 do. 
 
 The address of welcome to the city 
 of Cleveland was delivered by Mr. N. 
 S. Calhoun, of the Johnson & Jennings 
 Co., and was followed by the address 
 of the president, Thomas D. West, on 
 "The Need of Benefit of a Practical 
 Education." 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 
 
 The American Foundrymen's Asso- 
 ciation was organized for the purpose 
 of encouraging research in the art 
 of founding; to disseminate the knowl- 
 edge of its principles and to aid in the 
 improvement of daily practice in all 
 its branches. This may be considered 
 an opportune time to speak of the 
 numerous changes and improvements 
 made since the organization of our so- 
 ciety, and to call attention to oppor- 
 tunities for research as well as the 
 necessity for new appliances and 
 -methods in our industry. There is 
 -ample material for a lengthy address 
 .on these matters, but as you have a 
 number of excellent papers on varied 
 
 foundry subjects before you, I have 
 concluded to present a somewhat dif- 
 ferent line of thought, believing this 
 to be both timely and important. 
 
 When we consider that the watch- 
 word of this association is "Educa- 
 tion," your president feels justified in 
 taking it for the subject of his dis- 
 course, and endeavoring to present 
 that which may possibly help to ad- 
 vance our work and also benefit hu- 
 manity. 
 
 Is the world improving? This is a 
 question asked by many. The best evi- 
 dence we have for the affirmative is 
 the existence of such societies as this, 
 and the constantly increasing number 
 who are laboring to do good on the 
 principle that we are free moral agents, 
 left to work out our own destinies. 
 
 This is claimed to be a practical age. 
 In considering the actual state of ad- 
 vancement in knowledge, and improve- 
 ments in appliances, we are a far less 
 practical people than conditions war- 
 rant. The vague conceptions and per- 
 nicious activities rampant among the 
 masses, resulting from the teachings 
 of misled reformers will, if not coun- 
 teracted, so seriously disrupt our civil 
 life and social customs that anarchy 
 must find its opportunity to become so 
 emboldened that we need have grave 
 fears for the future. 
 
 We have men advocating reforms to 
 better humanity who, if they were ex- 
 perienced in handling large bodies of 
 operatives for whose results in creat- 
 ing profitable products they were held 
 responsible, or who would lose all they 
 possessed if not successful, would ad- 
 vocate lines widely different. 
 
 To understand the disposition and 
 strength of a horse, one must work it, 
 and the same may be said of a man. 
 Those who have carried on any large 
 industry, involving the employment of 
 men of different abilities in offices, 
 stores and workshops, where the need 
 of competent workers is specially 
 manifest, quickly learn what is re- 
 quired to better his labor. This is 
 learnt in a manner that no theorist or 
 any one inexperienced in the direct 
 handling and managing of large bod- 
 
President's Address, 
 
 101 
 
 ies of men can grasp. Especially is 
 this true of busy times. 
 
 The impracticability and incompe- 
 tency of the majority of men is re- 
 sponsible for more strife and poor liv- 
 ing than all other evils combined. 
 There is not one person in fifty who 
 is the thoroughly practical and com- 
 petent being that he can and should 
 be, and there are few vocations that 
 demonstrate this more than the 
 foundry business. This deficiency is 
 largely due to the fact that we do not 
 give our youths the practical education 
 and training they should have. 
 
 In the present strenuous times it is 
 useless for any one to expect that any 
 method for a permanent betterment 
 of the social unrest can be used to 
 harmonize the views and actions of 
 the masses until we attain a nearer 
 approach to needed practicability and 
 competency in the units. This is not 
 impossible. 
 
 One of the many habits that arrest the 
 development of skill is drink. This 
 and other defects subtract from the 
 usefulness of employes so greatly as to 
 excite wonder that large industries 
 and operations can be carried on at 
 all. To quote a recent expression: 
 "Any one who had fancied that politi- 
 cal and social reorganization would im- 
 prove the cause of industrial labor, 
 banish poverty and introduce the mil- 
 lenium, will be a wiser and a sadder 
 man after he has contemplated the 
 problem of competency. He will see 
 in a very strong light the necessary 
 relation of industrial competency and 
 character to economic, civil and social 
 improvement. Out of the mass of in- 
 competents, indolent, vicious, unscrup- 
 ulous citizens no magic can evolve 
 order, stability, thrift and happiness. 
 Improvement of the units is one es- 
 sential preliminary to the improve- 
 ment of society." 
 
 We might, as a people, go on from 
 day to day and year after year, ad- 
 vancing doctrines for reform, in relig- 
 ious, political, economic and social 
 lines and avail little or nothing to 
 truly benefit men, unless we place a 
 practical education as a paramount is- 
 sue. 
 
 Tender the support and prominence 
 due to the practical, and we will find 
 that the visionary dreams of sentiment- 
 alists would so vanish in time that 
 many of the bad habits now so injuri- 
 ous to man will not survive in the at- 
 mosphere of the common practical 
 sense that would prevail. In fact, it 
 can be said that with a practical 
 education as it should exist, so little 
 discord, strife, immorality and misery 
 would be left that reformers would 
 have little to do. 
 
 As one illustration of the impracti- 
 cal beings that are occasionally turned 
 out by our educational institutions, 
 building on home training, I will cite 
 the incident of a high school graduate 
 who, after several reprimands for 
 wearing gloves at his work in a 
 foundry, turned upon his foreman with 
 the ponderous exclamation: "I will 
 tell you why I wear gloves; I play 
 the mandolin." Here was a person 
 supposedly possessing a high degree 
 of intelligence, but still unable to com- 
 prehend the difference in the demands 
 of a dress parade and shop work. The 
 lack of practical schooling built on un- 
 sound home training, as exhibited by 
 the man wearing gloves in a foundry, 
 is the making of our visionary reform- 
 ers as well as anarchists. 
 
 Our schools and homes should be 
 places to instill common sense and 
 practical ideas into the minds of f he 
 young. Instead of this, they are of- 
 ten responsible for such theoretical 
 views of life that their wreckage is 
 found on every hand. With the lack 
 of practical instruction on the part of 
 over-indulgent mothers, careless or 
 worse fathers, and yellow literature. 
 is it any wonder we are so over- 
 whelmed with mediocrity on every 
 hand? 
 
 Our educational system needs a re- 
 vision, which in turn will consist in 
 proper home training. There was a 
 day when the ordinary school educa- 
 tion only was necessary to get a liv- 
 ing, but the fact that any good thing 
 can be abused has been so much for- 
 gotten in making up a curriculum that 
 too great a number in the masses have 
 gone daffy , cramming themselves 
 
102 
 
 President's Address, 
 
 with the professional and classical 
 book knowledge, in the belief that 
 this would make them pre-eminent 
 among men, as well as give them the 
 means to earn a good living. Any- 
 thing but work, and the giving over of 
 one's self to ease, sport and pleasure, 
 is the secret underlying the great waste 
 of time in the reading of subjects that 
 are of little or no value in mental and 
 manual working classes. The allure- 
 ments of a life of ease and refinement 
 which the Caucasian race is so partial 
 to, finds its expression in the pursuit 
 of a professional or classical education, 
 rather ignoring the manual because it 
 may involve hard work and dirt. If 
 this evil is not corrected, the day will 
 come when all classes of law-abiding, 
 self-respecting people will suffer keen- 
 ly for the errors of impractical parents 
 and instructors. 
 
 The present day training tendencies 
 are such that many of the young are 
 taught to think it discreditable to look 
 forward to a life of labor other than 
 that which will permit the individual 
 wearing clean linen at all times and 
 to bear the title of "gentleman" and 
 "lady/' Why should a clean, trim $i 
 per day clerk command any more re- 
 spect than the begrimmed $3 a day 
 artisan? 
 
 There are two factors which must 
 be taken into account more fully in 
 our educational system as well as in 
 our home training, if better conditions 
 are to be realized in the future, and 
 these factors are: a practical education 
 and manual skill. 
 
 When on every hand there are to be 
 found young and old unable to attain 
 a living for lack of the above men- 
 tioned factors in their education, when 
 there is a great demand for manual 
 skill and the latter as a rule requiring 
 as much, if not more, time and effort 
 to be attained as the schooling now in 
 vogue, why, then- should not skill be 
 respected and encouraged more than 
 it is? 
 
 Xo one can show that there is a lack 
 of employment for manual skill. The 
 secretary of the Bowery branch of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association, in 
 
 New York, stated that one-third of the 
 men who apply to him for help in se- 
 curing work, and the most menial kind 
 at that, are college graduates. Go 
 where you will, in this broad land of 
 ours, and it is the impractical scholarly 
 individual, and not the skilled artisan, 
 who is found begging for employment, 
 blaming governments and capital for 
 their failure in life. 
 
 Encourage and advance practical 
 educational methods, as well as home 
 training as herein presented, and in a 
 short period few would be applying in 
 good times to any agency for employ- 
 ment. In other words the distribution 
 of scholarly and skilled workers would 
 be so evenly divided that good remuner- 
 ative employment could be found for 
 all, and not as now a famine for one 
 and feast for the other, a condition de- 
 cidedly unfavorable for prosperity in 
 any country. 
 
 Not only are educational fads over- 
 done to the great injury of the masses, 
 as proved by the non-attainment of 
 skill and the difficulties of mere bo »k 
 scholars to obtain employment; but it 
 is demonstrated by the foolish concep- 
 tion many have of what should be the 
 correct training for youths. As an il- 
 lustration in this line we find a father 
 who for 32 years has spent almost 
 every spare moment of his life col- 
 lecting tin-foil, until he had, at last 
 reports, a ball weighing 617 pounds, 
 and is now training his children to 
 increase its weight when he is no 
 more. It looks as if this father will 
 not only have his children waste the 
 best of their lives, if they are fools 
 enough, in swelling the dimensions of 
 this ball, but would like to keep his 
 grandchildren doing likewise, until they 
 have such a ball of tin-foil together 
 that the yellow journals can dwell upon 
 it as illustrating the great achievement 
 of Mr. So-and-So's family. 
 
 In another case we have a mother 
 training her son to follow the steps of 
 a father whom the whole community 
 condemned as being the worst enemy 
 to law and order, because the artificial 
 atmosphere she lived in prevented her 
 realizing his true needs in the way of 
 
President's Address. 
 
 103 
 
 an education. This conception of edu- 
 cational needs is not much worse than 
 that found in many parents keeping 
 their children well dressed, with a lit- 
 tle spending money in their pockets, 
 rearing them as pleasure seekers and 
 loiterers, who. when they are com- 
 pelled to rely upon their own re- 
 sources, are often driven either to beg, 
 steal or starve. It may do sometimes 
 to risk a "gentleman's life" for mil- 
 lionaire's sons, but for others the ear- 
 lier the youths are trained to work and 
 shift for themselves the better men 
 they will make. 
 
 The inability of thousands to make 
 a good living by not being skilled work- 
 ers, means their loss as producers, and 
 means further the employment of hun- 
 dreds of others to do little else than 
 trying to prevent incompetent beings 
 from sinking to the lowest depths of 
 degredation. 
 
 The settlements and barracks of the 
 Salvation Army, with their multitude 
 of workers, affords examples of the 
 good having to waste their lives to re- 
 form the bad. Here are thousands of 
 individuals who must be supported at 
 the expense of the producing class. 
 If we had the practical schooling and 
 home training to create workers that 
 should exist, there would be far less 
 depravity and a surprising increase of 
 competent skilled operatives, who, by 
 their own ability to earn good wages, 
 would create a much greater need for 
 the commodities of life. Thus indus- 
 try and all that is commendable in 
 morality and respectability would 
 thrive and advance in a manner im- 
 possible by any other means in vogue 
 at the present day. 
 
 In taking up the educational ques- 
 tion directly we must see that it is 
 necessary to confine our youths' educa- 
 tion to that which can be directly util- 
 ized. The amount of time wasted in 
 ornamental studies that can never be 
 made use of ranges from one to four 
 and often more of the most precious 
 years of life, and passes many on to 
 an age that they cannot take up stu- 
 dies or an apprenticeship which in a 
 few years could enable them to make 
 
 a good living. All children should 
 have a common school education, but 
 when they have attained this their par- 
 ents or guardians should study and 
 discover, if possible, the capabilities 
 of their youths and then decide what 
 vocation they shall be trained for. 
 Even special study that is not a direct 
 necessity to the usefulness of the voca- 
 tion to be followed should be put aside. 
 What is a necessity should be studied 
 with zeal and a regard for the saving 
 of all time possible. What sense is 
 there in spending valuable time study- 
 ing subjects which, because they can- 
 not be utilized, will soon be forgotten? 
 Many claim that studies, though 
 useless in a practical sense, serve as a 
 mental training. It is a poor voca- 
 tion in this day of advanced knowledge 
 that does not give sufficient mental 
 training in itself to develop the mind 
 as is supposed to be done by studying 
 Latin and Greek. It is not the actual 
 studying along classical or professional 
 lines that is wholly responsible for 
 any refinement obtained, but rather 
 more the environments of the college 
 and its association with well bred in- 
 dividuals. There is no reason why any 
 vocation involving mental labor to 
 master the technical end of its work- 
 ings should not train and refine a 
 person sufficiently to enable one to 
 carry himself in a confident, self-re- 
 specting and sensible manner in every 
 day life. 
 
 There are very few of our educators 
 who are in a position to comprehend 
 the necessity of the practical as com- 
 pared with the book work of the pro- 
 fessional or classical. Every energy 
 has been directed to perfecting the lat- 
 ter two tendencies, and now this should 
 be done for the former. Good litera- 
 ture on the practical aspects of life 
 and the attainments of skill can be 
 made to serve as text-books to train 
 and refine youths as much, if not more 
 so, as studies on political economy, 
 history and English literature. Once it 
 is recognized that there is as much 
 need of the practical as the profes- 
 sional, and text-books will be forth- 
 coming that will change and better the 
 
io4 
 
 President's Address. 
 
 views of the masses in a way now im- 
 possible. It is not to be expected that 
 a change of this kind can be made in 
 a few years as the machinery of educa- 
 tion is naturally devised at the present 
 time for carrying out the contempor- 
 ary tendencies. No person can be im- 
 pressed with this fact more than those 
 who labor to develop and sustain 
 what is practical and good common 
 sense. Even our universities and col- 
 leges are at the present time being 
 driven to combat the evils of excessive 
 soort and pleasure, which are unfor- 
 tunately backed up by the public sup- 
 port that is tendered to the athletic 
 games. The excesses in this line are 
 now so injurious to the aims of these 
 institutions, and as a consequence to 
 the masses, that at a recent gathering 
 in New York City of professors and in- 
 structors measures were taken to sup- 
 press the great attention and loss of 
 time given to these games to the in- 
 jury of collegial as well as practical 
 laboratory work. 
 
 We have few factors more disregard- 
 ed of the practical and common sense 
 in life than that part of the public 
 press which caters to the power of 
 sporting, pleasure seeking and sensa- 
 tionalism; in fact, the "anything-but- 
 work" public tendencies. Create a 
 strong sentiment to advance the prac- 
 tical side of public questions and this 
 class of publications will be forced to 
 devote more space to the real advance- 
 ment of the masses. 
 
 The great revolution in the tenden- 
 cies of industries, which may be called 
 "Specialization," that has taken place 
 in the past ten or twenty years, is a 
 move towards the attainment of prac- 
 tical science that has not received the 
 recognition it deserves. It really 
 means that no one should expect to 
 completely master more than one vo- 
 cation. There was a day when knowl- 
 edge and means were so limited that 
 one man could attend to many differ- 
 ent things, but this day is gone forever. 
 At one time an individual could under- 
 take to be a master molder, machin- 
 ist and blacksmith, but this is not pos- 
 sible now. 
 
 All those who are highly skilled in 
 the art of founding naturally know 
 that he who wishes to be in the lead, 
 or the master of the sand-heap and 
 cupola, either as a worker or manager 
 of men, can spend every minute of a 
 ten-hour day in the shop and his even- 
 ings in study and research during a 
 long life, and still have much to learn. 
 To be a practical people we must, in 
 connection with the other reforms men- 
 tioned, specialize our studies and la- 
 bor so as to be masters of one vocation 
 and a tinker of a very few — not "Jacks- 
 at-all-trades and masters of none." The 
 all-prevailing existence of the smat- 
 terer or "would be" is an affliction that 
 causes many of our industrial enter- 
 prises great losses and perplexities. To 
 the lower working classes it means 
 high cost of living and often much 
 misery, which is entirely uncalled for, 
 and should not exist. 
 
 It is within the power of the civilized 
 portion of the world to inaugurate a 
 change in our studies that will prove 
 very beneficial to mankind. We do not 
 wish to ignore Europe in this work as 
 the world is becoming more and more 
 cosmopolitan every day; and to think 
 of confining effort for a reformation 
 in education to this country alone 
 would not be doing right to mankind, 
 especially when we are having foreign- 
 ers coming to our shores by the thou- 
 sands every week, and who are in de- 
 All those who are highly skilled in 
 mand as much through the "anything- 
 but-work" tendencies of the majority of 
 our "should-be" workers as by any other 
 factors. The way to start the reform 
 required would lie chiefly in our lead- 
 ing associations appointing commit- 
 tees, consisting of men broadly exper- 
 ienced in the actual work of all the 
 branches of the vocation they repre- 
 sent, to select the subjects to be fol- 
 lowed by youths after reaching the 
 close of the grammar school grades, 
 to best fit them for the vocation they 
 will enter, as well as to designate what 
 the demands are for the employment 
 of manual or mental skilled workers 
 in their respective lines. These associ- 
 ations should include, among others, 
 architects, blacksmiths, the business 
 
President's Address, 
 
 105 
 
 professions, carpenters, chemists, civil 
 engineers, draughtsmen, doctors, edi- 
 tors, electricians, farmers, masons, 
 mechanical engineers, metallurgists, 
 mining engineers, ministers, molders, 
 patternmakers, painters, plumbers, and 
 down the list to supply men, stationary 
 engineers and wheelwrights. 
 
 A founder's committee would not, I 
 think, recommend the waste of time by 
 those wishing to. learn the art of 
 molding in studying subjects that could 
 rarely if ever be utilized. In fact, it 
 could be narrowed to a common school 
 education, and a study of drawing, 
 chemistry, and some metallurgy. The 
 latter three could be taken after leav- 
 ing the regular school, as special stu- 
 dies in day or night schools under 
 some instructor or technical institution, 
 where they know just how much of 
 these studies the niolder. foundry 
 foreman or manager should possess. 
 This committee, aside from recom- 
 mending what special studies were 
 necessary, could also set forth the 
 title of such books as should be read at 
 leisure, it being understood that 
 a study means to memorize, but that a 
 reading merely to form a fair concep- 
 tion of what did exist— all with the 
 view that a man should not have to 
 wait until he is nearly gray-headed 
 before possessing a knowledge and ex- 
 perience enough to command a good 
 living for him. We have only one life 
 to live, and we should be fitted as 
 early as possible to make the most of 
 it. 
 
 This address may be considered in 
 the light of an appeal for a reform in 
 matters of education and home train- 
 ing, to create practical beings and good 
 workers, to an association that, to- 
 gether with a few others, stands fore- 
 most in doing what can be highly com- 
 mended by civilization. We have had 
 martyrs in the past who have given up 
 their lives for the good of others, and 
 we have today men who are advocat- 
 ing reforms that would exact great 
 sacrifice on the part of others. What 
 greater sacrifice, however, and liberal- 
 ity of spirit, can be seen in present 
 times than to perceive members of a 
 
 body like the American Foundrymen's 
 Association giving gratuitously to the 
 world their trade secrets and experi- 
 ences, as well as original researches, 
 obtained at great expense, which but 
 a few years ago, compartively speak- 
 ing, all men would have held in their 
 strong boxes? 
 
 We have socialism and other "isms" 
 striving for public support, but few 
 have discerned or at least given to this 
 and other modern kindred associations 
 and its workers credit for the putting 
 aside of selfishness, the gratuitous dis- 
 tribution of information, and the creat- 
 ing of co-operation among rivals in 
 trade beneficial to the masses as well 
 as themselves. 
 
 It is hoped that this aggression on 
 your time in not dealing more directly 
 with questions of sand and iron, will 
 be considered equally as beneficial, and 
 may help to call public attention to a 
 grave matter covering the welfare of 
 the nation. 
 
 There are over five thousand propri- 
 etors of foundries and as many more 
 superintendents and foremen combined 
 with the allied interests, such as chem- 
 ists, patternmakers and supply men. 
 that should take great interest in our 
 association's work. There are many 
 who naturally do take a great interest, 
 and those who do not would doubt- 
 less do so were they to attend one of 
 our meetings or took the time to in- 
 vestigate the good work that has been 
 accomplished by our association and 
 members helping each other to ad- 
 vance knowledge and skill in the art 
 of founding. 
 
 We are a body of men who have had 
 our struggles the same as all pioneers 
 in striving for advancement, and have 
 among us workers who have been un- 
 tiring in their labors to aid the good 
 cause. When the work of our associ- 
 ation is closely analyzed and the con- 
 sequences realized, we are forced to 
 concede that it has been of the high- 
 est educational character, doing com- 
 mendable labor that should be assisted 
 by all those connected with the found- 
 ry business. 
 
 While much good has been accom- 
 
IO) 
 
 Secretary's Report. 
 
 plished by our association, there is 
 still greater work before us, but to do 
 this properly we should have a much 
 larger membership. It is to be hoped 
 that this "Cleveland Convention" will 
 result in giving an impetus in this dir- 
 ection. In justice to ourselves we can- 
 not recede; we must enlarge and press 
 forward. Can we say more in solicit- 
 ing outside craftsmen to join us? The 
 latch string is out, and "Welcome" is 
 emblazoned above the door, inviting 
 fellow foundrymen to enter and be- 
 come one of us. 
 
 Education is our association motto, 
 and by making it as practical as possi- 
 ble we can do a great good in helping 
 to make this world grow better. This 
 association and kindred societies will 
 certainly have to labor for more prac- 
 tical methods of instruction if, as a 
 people, we truly desire to develop the 
 needed skilled artisans, or to obtain 
 the greatest comfort and happiness for 
 the masses. This is a condition that 
 can and should prevail throughout the 
 civilized world. 
 
 The Secretary's Report. 
 
 The indefatigable secretary-treasur- 
 er, Dr. Moldenke, read his report 
 which was as follows: 
 
 In presenting a brief report of the ac- 
 tivities of his office during the fiscal 
 year just closed, your secretary begs 
 to state that the affairs of the associa- 
 ation are in satisfactory condition, its 
 influence steadily rising, and its useful- 
 ness growing greater all the time. 
 
 The year has been one of exception- 
 al activity in the foundry, but also so 
 hampered by high priced materials, 
 poor deliveries, and economic trou- 
 bles, that on the whole few foundry- 
 men look back upon it with satisfac- 
 tion. We may except only those who 
 have so far specialized their work that 
 the foundry end needs only make part 
 of the profit of the concern. These 
 facts, peculiar as they may seem when 
 taken in connection with the era of 
 prosperity we are in, have been gath- 
 ered by the voluminous and far extend- 
 ing correspondence, as well as per- 
 sonal interviews during the year. No 
 
 wonder that the foundry is so sensi- 
 tive to all kinds of disturbances, and 
 the layman regards pig iron, which 
 is without his knowing it the big item 
 in the foundryman's bills, as the best 
 barometer of trade conditions. 
 
 As a result of the reduction in the 
 annual dues last year, the association 
 has slightly increased its membership, 
 having exactly three hundred members 
 at the present time. Very strenuous 
 efforts were made to obtain new mem- 
 bers, both by correspondence, and per- 
 sonal interview. The association is 
 well known in all parts of the world. 
 Letters come from everywhere ask- 
 ing information, advice, and even plans 
 and estimates for new foundry ven- 
 tures. Everything possible is done to 
 oblige the correspondents, and wher- 
 ever possible the difficulties of engag- 
 ing in new enterprises pointed out, in 
 order to save loss on the one hand, 
 and destructive competition on the 
 other. 
 
 Perhaps the best criterion of the 
 value of the association is the fact 
 that other countries are following our 
 methods with profit to themselves. 
 Again, many local associations, or- 
 ganized for a variety of purposes, find 
 it beneficial to discuss foundry prob- 
 lems of a technical nature at their 
 meetings. Thus, the educational fea- 
 ture for which this association stands 
 exclusively is widely recognized, and 
 your secretary is often called upon to 
 assist at these occasions. A new 
 foundrymen's association has been 
 formed on the Pacific coast, and had 
 not the terrible disaster occurred 
 there, we should have had some repre- 
 sentatives of this very live oart of the 
 country with us today. We hope for 
 renewed prosperity and a vigorous 
 resumption of the industry along the 
 west coast, and trust that we may 
 hold one of our meetings there at no 
 distant date. 
 
 The American Foundrymen's Asso- 
 ciation has been signally recognized by 
 the election of your secretary as an 
 honorary member of the British Foun- 
 drymen's Association, and further by 
 his appointment on the national ad- 
 
Secretary's Report. 
 
 107 
 
 visory board for testing fuels and 
 structural materials recently created 
 by the president. Its members are on 
 a committee now engaged in testing 
 coke for the government in St. Louis, 
 the plant which we expect to see a 
 part of the magnificent institution in 
 Pittsburg founded by Andrew Car- 
 negie. Furthermore, our members are 
 now at work in formulating standard 
 specifications for foundry coke, in con- 
 nection with the American Society for 
 
 nearly all the labor of maintenance. 
 The Case School, where we meet once 
 at this convention, through its Profes- 
 sor Smith, also has contributed large- 
 ly to the success of this undertaking, 
 now well known throughout the civil- 
 ized world. 
 
 With the taking over by the gov- 
 ernment of this work, it will be en- 
 larged to include the steel industry, 
 and possibly go into further branches 
 of interest to foundrvmen in general 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THE ARCADE MANUFACTURING CO. 
 
 Testing Materials. Thus our activity is 
 ever extending, and for the benefit of 
 our industry and the world in general. 
 May we not hope for better support 
 on the part of the foundrymen of the 
 country ? 
 
 The government, through its bureau 
 of standards, has now formally taken 
 over our standardizing bureau, thus 
 closing a chapter in our life which has 
 proven of great value to scientific 
 founding as well as the iron labora- 
 tory. To our president, Mr. West, is 
 due the credit for its inception and 
 
 We hope for a wide field and all pos- 
 sible success in this direction. 
 
 Considerable progress has been made 
 along the line of trade schools during 
 the year. Our association is not in 
 position to finance any such undertak- 
 ing. It can but recommend and urge 
 the need of these public improvements. 
 Others are taking up the question, and 
 are better able to carry it through. 
 We rejoice with them that education 
 is thus making headway, and we need 
 not fear European competition quite so 
 seriously as formerly. Let the good 
 
108 Report on Trade Schools. 
 
 work go on, however, it satisfies our off of the heats, as well as the pouring 
 
 pride to have done the preliminary la- of the iron, and the care of the core 
 
 bor. oven. This gives them an idea in their 
 
 We have again to thank The Foun- earl y training of how the present meth- 
 
 dry for the courtesy of printing our ods are conducted, and through their 
 
 Transactions under an arrangement ingenuity and skill they will become pro- 
 
 which gives them to us far below what ficient designers, so as to make work 
 
 it would cost us to handle the problem. more advantageous in the foundry in 
 
 We trust that this disinterested spirit the future. 
 
 will be duly rewarded in other direc- In the evening course for the trade, 
 
 tions. where only molders were taken, the ad- 
 
 The receipts and expenses for the vantages that these young men have had 
 
 fiscal year, are as follows: are very beneficial; they took the ap- 
 
 _ ao prentice molder and aside from giving 
 
 Received for Dues, etc $1,045.10 ,., u , 
 
 Standardizing Bureau 49572 h im the advanced work on the floor, 
 
 they taught him mathematics 
 
 Total $1,540.90 and mechanical drawing; this you see, 
 
 Disbursed for Salaries $ 894.62 wou ld not only enliven his mentality 
 
 Printing V 2 ' * but fit him practically to read the 
 
 Transactions 154-25 . . ,,..,- i_. r 
 
 Postage 233.00 drawings, calculate the weight of cast- 
 Sundries 23.30 ings and the setting of cores; they 
 
 also taught these young men the lin- 
 
 Total $1,397-19 ; ng Q f tne cupo i a> the charging, and 
 
 leaving a balance in the treasury of the different mixes requisite for a 
 
 $143.71. certain kind of casting, and they laid 
 
 All of which is respectfully submit- considerable stress on vents as well 
 
 ted. as consistency of core mixes and 
 
 Richard Moldenke, sands. 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer. Next year, as I understand it, they 
 
 Reading of Papers. hope to start their regular evening 
 
 The report of the committee on class for advanced foundrymen; that 
 
 trade schools by J. S. Seaman, chair- is to s ^ thev wil1 have lectures on 
 
 man, Pittsburg, was submitted, the re- the foundrying of metals, care of the 
 
 port being as follows: cupolas through actual demonstra- 
 
 In reference to the foundry depart- tion; the y wlU also S lve a course ,n 
 
 ment in the Carnegie Technical Schools chemistry to these men— the chemis- 
 
 I would say the work so far as I have tr y of iron and steel > the chemistry 
 
 been able to learn has been very success- and mixes of iron > to tel1 what the 
 
 ful. The engineering student is the one mixing of the iron constitutes; 1. e., 
 
 who derives the greatest benefit this year. carbon, silicon, sulphur, manganese, 
 
 Each one of the 120 students goes into and phosphorus. These tests will be 
 
 the foundry each week and gets the made in such a manner as to make 
 
 practical side; thev not only get the them thoroughly practical, and the- 
 
 theory but are taught to do the real castings will be tested for their ability 
 
 work Aside from the best manner of to resist transverse, tensile, crushing, 
 
 putting work on the floor, they are and impact blows or strains which 
 
 taught the best practical way and conse- will include tenacity, elasticity, and. 
 
 quently that must be the best commercial toughness. These tests will be made 
 
 av in the laboratory upon testing ma- 
 
 They have a 42-inch cupola, the most chilies ; and the chemistry of sands 
 
 modern equipped, and an electrical Wl11 also be taken U P bv this class of 
 
 elevator to charging floor. These young mcn > thev wl11 S et a certain amount 
 
 men attend to the manipulation of the of mathematics and drawing, 
 machinery ; they also have the care of They have not been able to start 
 
 the cupola, the charging, the running in this department in their day school 
 
Papers Read, 
 
 109 
 
 as yet, but they hope to, just as soon 
 as more buildings are completed and 
 they have sufficient room. 
 
 If this school keeps up what it has 
 started, we have no reason to believe 
 but what this association will be 
 greatly benefited and we trust that 
 Director Hamerschlag will be able to 
 carry out what he has so expressed to 
 us: To make better foundrymen, 
 make better molders, and to give the 
 foundrymen what is their just due in 
 the commercial world. 
 
 SOME CHISHOLM & MOORE HOISTS. 
 
 The following papers were then 
 read: "The National Bureau of Stan- 
 dards and Its Work," by Director 
 Stratton, Washington, D. C, and "In- 
 fluence of Different Ore Mixtures on 
 the Resultant Pig Iron, from the 
 
 Standpoint of the Foundrymen," by 
 General Manager W. K. Barrows, She- 
 nango Furnace, Sharpsville, Pa. In 
 the absence of Mr. Barrows, who was 
 unable to be present, his paper was 
 read by Frank L. Crobaugh, Cleveland. 
 Tuesday Afternoon's Session. 
 
 The session Tuesday afternoon was 
 held in the hall on the second story 
 to avoid the noise of the first floor. 
 Kenneth Falconer, of Montreal, read 
 a paper on "Uniform Practice in 
 Foundry Cost Finding" and it was de- 
 cided to appoint a committee of five 
 to consider the advisability of appoint- 
 ing another committee to take action 
 on cost keeping. 
 
 "Good Molders— Why Are They 
 Scarce?" was the subject of a paper by 
 U. S. McQuillan, of South Norwalk, 
 Conn. E. H. Williams, of the Enter- 
 prise Foundry Co., Philadelphia, dis- 
 cussed the paper briefly, making a 
 strong plea for the promotion of tem- 
 perance among molders and urging 
 that the union co-operate with the em- 
 ployes in this cause. He severely criti- 
 cized the union for not demanding 
 higher character of men in its mem- 
 bership. 
 
 E. H. Mumford, of Philadelphia, 
 read a valuable paper on "Recent 
 Methods of Machine Molding" and 
 Dr. Moldenke described the foundry 
 tests of coke made at the United States 
 fuel testing plant in St. Louis. The 
 paper was briefly discussed. 
 
 Wednesday Morning Session. 
 
 The third session of the convention 
 was called to order in the Central Ar- 
 mory about 10:30. The first paper 
 read was by E. M. Taylor, of Boston, 
 and was entitled "Correct Application 
 of True Burden to Iron Costs." In 
 the absence of Mr. Taylor the paper 
 was read by Mr. T. E. Crawford of the 
 Library Bureau, Boston. A paper 
 entitled "The Electric Crane in 
 the Foundry" by Harry Sawyer, 
 was read by the title only. 
 
 Following Mr. Sawyer's paper Mr. 
 W. H. Parry presented his paper en- 
 titled "Dark Secrets in Foundry Prac- 
 tice." Mr. Parry is well known as a 
 practical patternmaker and discussed 
 
I IO 
 
 Papers Read 
 
 problems of the foundry from 
 the standpoint of an outsider. 
 He incidentally described the use 
 of diamonds for cutting tools, 
 the diamond being inserted in a steel 
 holder and used as a lathe tool- While 
 the cost of the diamond was much 
 higher than that of a steel tool the 
 saving in time of sharpening and in 
 wear more than compensated for the 
 extra first expense. Mr. J. F. Webb 
 inquired as to the cost of using dia- 
 monds for cutting tools and Mr. Parry 
 replied that it was about $8.00 to $12.00 
 per carat. The stones, however, did 
 not need to be sharpened once in 
 six months. The method of preparing 
 the tool was to make a hole in the steel 
 holder in which the diamond was 
 loosely fitted, and then brass solder 
 was poured around it. The stone was 
 sometimes ground before being placed 
 in the holder and sometimes after- 
 wards. Diamond dust was used for 
 grinding and cost from $6.00 to $800 
 per carat. 
 
 Mr. James F. Webb next presented 
 his paper on "Multiple Molds," on 
 which there was no discussion. 
 Following Mr. Webb's paper Mr. 
 Ralph H. West read a paper 
 entitled "Comparative Design and 
 Working of Air Furnaces." 
 
 President West suggested that, as 
 the paper was of great importance and 
 the amount of time so limited, discus- 
 sion be postponed until the next ses- 
 sion, and then called upon Mr. N. W 
 Shed to read his paper entitled "Foun- 
 dry Fluxes." The paper was dis- 
 cussed by a number of gentlemen, the 
 first being Mr. G. M. Thrasher Jr., 
 chemist of Western Tube Co., Ke- 
 wanee, 111. Mr. Thrasher described 
 the conditions under which a cupola 
 at the Western Tube Co. was run for 
 eleven hours per day- The flux used 
 was composed of 35 pounds of lime- 
 stone and 15 pounds of fluorspar to 
 each ton of iron. The amount of coke 
 used was 300 pounds per ton of iron. 
 They found that limestone alone was 
 not adapted to long heats, such as the 
 above, and that the fluorspar was nec- 
 essary. 
 
 Mr. J. F. Webb told of the troubles 
 of a foundryman who charged, in a 
 54-inch cupola, 7,000 pounds of iron to 
 1,800 pounds of coke. After the first 
 couple of tons of iron came down it 
 ran cold and Mr. Webb inquired the 
 reason. Mr. Shed, the author of the 
 paper, said that he thought that too 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THOMAS \V. PANGB0RN CO. 
 
 much iron was used for the amount of 
 coke charged, and that not over 5,000 
 
 pounds should be used with that 
 amount of coke. Dr. Moldenke agreed 
 with Mr. Shed that the amount of iron 
 was too great, and said that not over 
 6,000 pounds should be charged. 
 
 Mr. A. M. Loudon told of his exper- 
 iences with the "Jumbo" cupola at 
 Port Chester, N. Y., which ran con- 
 
Papers Read. 
 
 in 
 
 tinuously from n o'clock in the morn- 
 ing to 5 o'clock in the evening. Buggy- 
 ladles were used and the cupola was 
 tapped from two holes alternately. The 
 slag ran continuously. At 2 p. m. 
 they stopped pouring the soil pipe fit- 
 tings and went on stove plate. A 
 trolley system was used for this work 
 and there was a continuous line of 
 men obtaining metal from the cupola. 
 
 Wednesday Afternoon. 
 In the afternoon of Wednesday the 
 members and guests took cars at the 
 Hollenden at 1 o'clock, which con- 
 veyed them first to the plant of the 
 Brown-Hoisting Machinery Co., and 
 then to that of the Welman-Seaver- 
 Morgan Co., and the Electric Control- 
 ler & Supply Co. They were enter- 
 tained at these works, after which the 
 
 BERKSHIRE MOLDING MACHINES AT FOUNDRYMEN S CONVENTION. 
 
 The flux used under these conditions 
 was 60 pounds of limestone to the ton. 
 They found that a charge of 7,500 
 pounds of iron gave the best results. 
 Experiments had been tried from time 
 to time in reducing the amount of flux 
 and it had sometimes been brought 
 down as low as 45 pounds of limestone 
 to the ton. Under these conditions, 
 however, the holes almost became 
 stopped up and it was necessary to in- 
 crease the charge of limestone at once 
 in order to remedy matters. They had 
 never used a flux on the first two 
 charges of iron. 
 
 street cars conveyed them to the Case 
 School of Applied Science, where a 
 session was held in the lecture hall of 
 the Electricity building. Prof. C. H- 
 Benjamin, of Case School, gave an il- 
 lustrated lecture, describing the tests 
 which had been conducted by him on 
 the strength of cast iron during the 
 past ten years. 
 
 These tests consisted in the sub- 
 jecting of cylinders to hydraulic pres- 
 sure until they burst; the subjecting 
 of plates to hydraulic pressure and to 
 concentrated loads at one point; the 
 testing to destruction of various cast 
 
112 
 
 Papers Read 
 
 iron beam sections; and the testing to 
 destruction of cast iron fly wheels and 
 pulleys of various forms. 
 
 The lecture was illustrated with lan- 
 tern slides and Prof. Benjamin pointed 
 out numerous things which had been 
 learned in the course of experiments. 
 For instance, he found that in making 
 a cylinder with flanges heavy enough 
 to provide the requisite strength, blow 
 
 namely, in a straight line parallel to 
 the axis. 
 
 Another interesting experiment car- 
 ried on by Prof. Benjamin was the ex- 
 amination of breaking strength of gear 
 teeth. The gear tooth was placed in 
 a testing machine and broken by ap- 
 plied pressure. It was found that the 
 breaking strength was very close to 
 that calculated by formulae, and that 
 
 THE ELECTRIC CONTROLLER & SUPPLY CO. S EXHIBIT. 
 
 holes would develop at the junction 
 of the flange and cylinder. These 
 weakened it so that the cylinder al- 
 ways failed, when the flange was to 
 any great degree heavier than the 
 cylinder wall, around the circumfer- 
 ence of the cylinder immediately be- 
 low the flange. In the course of the 
 experiments he developed a cylinder 
 in which both wall and flanges were 
 of uniform thickness, the requisite 
 strength being provided by ribs join- 
 ing the flange and the cylinder. Thcst 
 cylinders on testing failed in the man- 
 ner that thev theoretical v should: 
 
 the tooth always failed on a line par- 
 allel to the direction of the applied pres- 
 sure. The strongest form of tooth 
 was found by these experiments, to be 
 the involute rack tooth. In general 
 the involute tooth was much stronger 
 than the epic3 r cloidal. 
 
 The most interesting series of exper- 
 iments conducted by the professor 
 was the testing of wheels and pulleys 
 to destruction. The pulleys were 
 placed in a steel casing and driven by 
 a steam turbine up to any necessary 
 speed for breaking. The terrific ef- 
 fects of the bursting fly wheel were 
 
Papers Read, 
 
 IJ 3 
 
 illustrated by a photograph of the 
 testing apparatus after it had been de- 
 molished by a particularly heavy 
 wheel. The casing was constructed 
 of 1^4-inch boiler plate strongly bolted, 
 with a lining of 12-inch oak blocks. 
 The bursting fly wheel completely de- 
 molished the casing, throwing the up- 
 per half something over 150 feet away 
 and another portion of it on the roof 
 
 ing was held Thursday morning in the 
 course of a boat ride to Lorain, O. 
 About 450 members and guests went 
 aboard the steamer, "City of the 
 Straits," at 9 o'clock Thursday morn- 
 ing and were conveyed to the works 
 of the National Tube Co. at Lorain, 27 
 miles distant. During the trip, a 
 meeting was called to order in the sa- 
 loon of the vessel, and Mr. Archie M. 
 
 EXHIBITS OF THE E. H. MUM FORD CO. AND THE CONNERSVILLE BLOWER CO. 
 
 of one of the buildings. The ij^-inch 
 boiler plate had broken clean off by 
 the impact. 
 
 At the conclusion of the lecture the 
 society tendered a vote of thanks to 
 Prof. Benjamin. In the evening the 
 members and guests of the society vis- 
 ited Luna park, one of the amusement 
 places of Cleveland, in a body. 
 
 Thursday Morning Session. 
 The concluding session of the meet- 
 
 Loudon read a paper entitled "Core 
 Mixtures and Compounds." This pa- 
 per dealt with 18 tests made by Mr. 
 Loudon on cores made of various pro- 
 portions of sand and compound, and 
 with a number of different binders and 
 compounds. Mr. Loudon's conclusions 
 were interesting, as they gave the best 
 proportions and binders for use in 
 cores for different services and of dif- 
 ferent sizes. There was no discussion 
 on the paper. Dr. Moldenke then 
 
ii4 
 
 Election of Officers. 
 
 moved that all the other papers sub- 
 mitted at the convention be read by 
 title and the discussion dispensed with. 
 This was agreed to and the conven- 
 tion proceeded to the transaction of 
 general business. 
 
 The first business was the election 
 of officers. The nominating commit- 
 tee reported the following nominations 
 for officers to serve for the year 1906- 
 1907: 
 
 gan, W. J. Keep, Michigan Stove Co., 
 Detroit. 
 
 Vice president, Sixth division, Wis- 
 consin, Thomas J. Sherriffs, Sherriffs 
 Mfg. Co., Milwaukee. 
 
 Vice president, seventh division, the 
 South, J. B. Golden, Golden Foundry 
 & Machine Co., Columbus, Ga. 
 
 Vice president,- eighth division, Can- 
 ada, L. L. Anthes, Toronto Foundry 
 & Machine Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont. 
 
 THE TABOR MFG. CO. AND THE CHICAGO PNEUMATIC TOOL CO. 
 
 President, W. H. McFadden, Mack- 
 intosh, Hemphill & Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 Vice president, first division, New 
 England, C. J. Cayley, Russell & Er- 
 win Mfg. Co., New Britain, Conn. 
 
 Vice president, second division. New 
 York and New Jersey, John W. Burr, 
 Brook & Houston Co., Brooklyn, New 
 York. 
 
 Vice president, third division, Penn- 
 sylvania, Stanley C. Flagg Jr., Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Vice president, fourth division, Ohio 
 and Illinois, J. H. Whiting, Whiting 
 Foundry Equipment Co., Chicago. 
 
 Vice president, fifth division, Michi- 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer Richard Mol- 
 denke, Watchung, N. J. 
 
 The nominating committee recom- 
 mended that all section officers be ap- 
 pointed by the executive board of the 
 association. On motion, the report of 
 the committee was received and the 
 secretary instructed to cast one ballot 
 for all nominees who were then de- 
 clared elected. 
 
 Mr. H. M. Lane then moved that the 
 organization committee of the Am- 
 erican Foundrymen's Supply Associa- 
 tion, which was formed at this conven- 
 tion, as related in another column, be 
 made a supplementary committee of 
 
Business Meeting. 
 
 ^5 
 
 the American Foundrymen's Associa- 
 tion, and this motion also was adopted. 
 
 Mr. J. G. Seaman, of Pittsburg, then 
 stated that it had been the custom of the 
 society to elect the retiring president to 
 honorary membership in the association, 
 and he therefore moved that Mr. Thomas 
 D. West be so elected. The motion was 
 carried by acclamation. 
 
 Dr. Moldenke spoke of the growth of 
 the brass foundry business in the coun- 
 
 Dr. Moldenke also moved that a com- 
 mittee be appointed with Mr. J. S. Webb 
 as chairman to study the use of nickel 
 in cast iron and report at the next con- 
 vention. 
 
 Mr. J. G. Seaman arose to express the 
 appreciation of the society for the work 
 of Dr. Moldenke in improving the or- 
 ganization and membership of the asso- 
 ciation, and in raising it to the high 
 plane which it now occupies. He stated 
 
 THE GOLDSCHMIDT THERMIT CO. S EXHIBIT. 
 
 try, and stated that the need for an as- 
 sociation of brass foundrymen was be- 
 coming greater each year, that while the 
 American Foundrymen's Association 
 welcomed all men engaged in the foun- 
 dry business, he thought that the work 
 of the brass founders could best be car- 
 ried on by an organization devoted en- 
 tirely to that purpose. He, therefore, 
 moved that a committee be appointed to 
 consider the formation of an American 
 Brass Founders' Association with in- 
 structions to report at the next conven- 
 t : on. The motion was carried, and a 
 jommittee consisting of Mr. C. J. Cay- 
 ley and Dr. Moldenke was appointed. 
 
 that the present position of the society 
 was almost solely due to the doctor's 
 work, and that he had been untiring in 
 his efforts. He therefore moved a vote 
 of thanks to the doctor. The motion 
 was unanimously carried by a rising 
 vote. 
 
 Dr. Moldenke responded in a few well 
 chosen words, in which he expressed his 
 appreciation of the spirit manifested to- 
 ward him by the association. He stated 
 that the American Foundrymen's Asso- 
 ciation was his best work, and that he 
 thoroughly enjoyed working for it. For 
 the past 10 or 15 years, he had devoted 
 his entire time to it and had hardly spent 
 
n6 
 
 Business Meeting. 
 
 an evening in pleasure with his family. 
 It gratified him exceedingly to learn 
 that the society appreciated what little 
 he had been able to do for it. 
 
 Mr. A. D. Belden, of the United States 
 geological survey, then addressed the as- 
 sociation briefly, and described the coke 
 making experiments at the St. Louis coal 
 testing plant. He stated that little or 
 no investigation had been carried on re- 
 garding the subject of coke making. 
 
 to hold the next convention in Philadel- 
 phia. As the selection of the place of 
 meeting is vested in the executive board, 
 the association passed a resolution recom- 
 mending that the executive board select 
 Philadelphia as the next place of meet- 
 ing. 
 
 Mr. Field offered a motion tendering 
 votes of thanks to the retiring officers of 
 the association for the efficient adminis- 
 tration which they had given it; to the 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THE WHITE TOOL & SUPPLY CO. AND THE CRESCENT MACHINERY CO. 
 
 This was due to the fact that nature had 
 provided a splendid grade of coking coal 
 at Connellsville, which requires little or 
 no attention while it was being reduced 
 to coke. The present investigation was 
 being carried on to determine the best 
 methods of manufacturing foundry coke 
 from the many bituminous fields of the 
 United States. In the near future, a par- 
 tial report will be published of the prog- 
 ress made, and later on, a complete re- 
 port of the work done will be forthcom- 
 ing. 
 
 An invitation was received from the 
 Philadelphia Foundrymen's Association 
 
 authors of the various papers presented 
 at the meeting; to the local committee 
 for the splendid entertainment provided, 
 mentioning especially in this connection, 
 Mr. H. M. Lane, who has been untiring 
 in his efforts and to whom the success of 
 the meeting and the exhibits was large- 
 ly due ; and to the Philadelphia Foundry- 
 men's Association for its invitation for 
 1907. The motion was unanimously car- 
 ried. 
 
 Mr. Kenneth Falconer, speaking on a 
 uniform method of cost finding, embodied 
 the substance of his report in a motion 
 to submit to a committee of two or three. 
 
American Foundrymen's Supply Association, 
 
 117 
 
 which should report at the next conven- 
 tion, the question of a method of uni- 
 form cost finding applicable to the foun- 
 dry business, and that members be re- 
 quested to submit to this committee any 
 suggestions which might be available. 
 The motion was carried and the meeting 
 then adjourned. 
 
 reaching town at about 4:30. During the 
 return trip, a meeting of the newly or- 
 ganized American Foundrymen's Supply 
 Association was held, as described on 
 another page of this report. On its ar- 
 rival in Cleveland, the association and 
 its guests proceeded to the steps of the 
 Chamber of Commerce where the photo- 
 
 CLEANIXG ROOM EQUIPMENT SHOWN BY W. W. SLY MFG. CO. 
 
 At the close of the meeting, luncheon 
 was served on board of the boat, and by 
 the time it was over, the party had ar- 
 rived at Lorain. The association disem- 
 barked and went through a portion of 
 the plant of the National Tube Works, 
 visiting the Hulett electric ore unloaders, 
 the blast furnaces, power plant and foun- 
 dry. About two hours were spent on 
 shore and the party then re-embarked 
 and were brought back to Cleveland. 
 
 graph shown in connection with this re- 
 port was taken. 
 
 AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S 
 SUPPLY ASSOCIATION. 
 
 In January, 1906, a group of foundry 
 supply dealers in Cleveland met to dis- 
 cuss the advisability of holding an ex- 
 hibition of foundry supplies and equip- 
 ment in connection with the American 
 
uS 
 
 American Foundrymen's Supply Association 
 
 Foundrymen's Association convention 
 in Cleveland, June 5-7. This resulted 
 in the formation of what was known 
 as the A. F. A. Exhibit Association, a 
 local organization formed to conduct 
 the exhibition in Cleveland. 
 
 J. S. Smith, of the J. D. Smith 
 Foundry Supply Co., was elected presi- 
 dent, and H. M. Lane, editor of The 
 
 the country, and a large number re- 
 sponded heartily. 
 
 The exhibit, as carried out by the A. 
 F. A. Exhibit Association proved very 
 successful indeed, and on the second 
 day of the exhibit, June 6, some of the 
 exhibitors, together with a few supply 
 men, held a meeting at the armory to 
 consider the advisability of a perma- 
 
 THE FALLS RIVET & MACHINE CO. AND THE HOLLAND LINSEED OIL CO. 
 
 Foundry, secretary and treasurer. To 
 provide funds for carrying out the pre- 
 liminary work and to insure the work 
 of the exhibit, the 11 members of the 
 original association each contributed 
 toward a guarantee fund which was 
 paid in at once. Several meetings were 
 held, the matter discussed thoroughly, 
 and it was decided to rent the Central 
 Armory, which is 120x207 feet, and 
 to hold the exhibit and the convention 
 in the same building. Letters were 
 sent to all supply dealers throughout 
 
 nent foundry supply association for 
 the purpose of financing the entertain- 
 ment features of the annual conven- 
 tions, and also for the purpose of 
 carrying on an exhibit of foundry sup- 
 plies and equipment each year in con- 
 nection with the convention. The ex- 
 hibit has proven to be such a drawing 
 card at Cleveland that an unanimous 
 opinion was expressed in favor of 
 such an association. H. M. Lane was 
 chosen temporary chairman, and first 
 gave a statement of the history of the 
 
American Foundry men's Supply Association 
 
 119 
 
 Cleveland exhibit. The organization 
 committee was then appointed to nom- 
 inate officers and outline the business 
 of the organization. This committee 
 consisted of C. T. Smith, of the Chi- 
 cago Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleveland, 
 O., S. T. Johnson, of the Obermayer 
 Co., Chicago, 111., U. E. Kanavel, of the 
 Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. O., F. 
 C. White, of the White Tool Supply 
 
 sociation was formed, namely: the ad- 
 vancement of foundry practice by the 
 reading and discussion of papers; in 
 other words, the promulgation of foun- 
 dry literature and the education of 
 foundrymen. 
 
 The forming of a regular supply as- 
 sociation similar to the Master Me- 
 chanics, Master Blacksmiths and Mas- 
 ter Car Builders, etc., would place all 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THE WHITING FOUNDRY EOUIPMENT CO. 
 
 Co., of Cleveland, and S. W. Hubbard, 
 of Rogers, Brown & Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Some of the advantages to be de- 
 rived from such an organization, as 
 brought out in the discussion, were as 
 follows: 
 
 The holding of an exhibit in con- 
 nection with the convention would 
 serve as a drawing card and make the 
 conventions much more popular. 
 
 The fact that the supply men would 
 look after the financing of all the en- 
 tertainment features of the convention 
 would relieve the A. F. A. officers of 
 such work and leave them free to carry 
 on the regular work for which the as- 
 
 of the supply men on an equal footing, 
 so that the expenses would be divided 
 more equitably than has been hereto- 
 fore possible. 
 
 Every convention has had marked 
 examples of the means by which some 
 people "sponge" on their more gener- 
 ous competitors. 
 
 By building up both associations, 
 making the membership in each de- 
 sirable and making the entertainment 
 features exclusively for members, 
 many of these abuses would be avoid- 
 ed. 
 
 On the return trip of the members 
 and sruests of the association from 
 
i2o American Foundrymen's Supply Association. 
 
 Lorain the following day, a meeting of 
 all the supply men on board the boat 
 was called to order in the cabin of the 
 vessel. Mr. Lane was made tempor- 
 ary chairman of the meeting, and brief- 
 ly explained the business of the pro- 
 posed association as outlined above for 
 the benefit of those who were not at 
 the preliminary meeting. He then re- 
 ported that the organization committee 
 
 Committee on entertainment — H. Ev- 
 ans, Wilfred Lewis, Geo. Borden, Chi- 
 cago Pneumatic Tool Co., Philadelphia; 
 John S. Wilberham, of the Baker 
 Blower Co., Philadelphia; H. E. Mills, 
 of the Syracuse Oil Co., Syracuse, 
 N. Y. 
 
 These committees were all confirmed 
 by the meeting and the president then 
 called upon various gentlemen present 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THE ATLAS CAR & MFG. CO. 
 
 had nominated the following officers 
 for the association: President, S. T. 
 Johr.sor, the S. Obermayer Co.. Chica- 
 go ; first vice president, E. H. Mumford, 
 E. H. Mumford Co., Philadelphia; sec- 
 ond vice president, E. A. Kebler, 
 Matthew Addy & Co.. Pittsburg, secre- 
 tary-treasurer, H. M. Lane, The Foun- 
 dry. These nominees were unani- 
 mously elected to their respective of- 
 fices, and Mr. Lane then reported that 
 the following committees had been 
 recommended: Committee on consti- 
 tution — C. T. Smith, U. E. Kanavel 
 and F. C. White. Finance committee 
 — H. E. Pridmore, John Hill, U. E. 
 Kanavel, C. T. Smith, Jas. Darragh. 
 
 to address the meeting and give their 
 ideas upon the formation of the associ- 
 ation and its objects. President John- 
 son first spoke briefly as to what was 
 to be accomplished by the association, 
 saying in effect what has already been 
 outlined above. 
 
 Dr. Moldenke then stated that such 
 an association had long been needed as 
 the convention sometimes proved a 
 great burden to the local committee 
 and that it necessarily detracted from 
 the real object of the association. 
 
 President elect McFadden of the 
 American Foundrymen's Association, 
 spoke in a similar vein, stating that the 
 new administration expected to accom- 
 
Entertainment Features. 
 
 121 
 
 plish great things now that the co-op- 
 eration of the supply men was assured. 
 Mr. Johnson called on Mr. John A. 
 Penton, of the Penton Publishing Co., 
 for his ideas on the association. Mr. 
 Penton said that 10 years ago he would 
 not have believed it possible that the 
 American Foundrymen's Association 
 could attain the commanding position 
 which it today occupies, and he pre- 
 
 Supply Association should be condi- 
 tional upon membership in the Amer- 
 ican Foundrymen's Association, and 
 that no one be allowed to exhibit at a 
 convention of the latter association 
 unless he was a member of the supply 
 men's organization. Mr. Penton then 
 spoke of the educational value to foun- 
 drymen of the American Foundrymen's 
 Association, and stated that it would 
 
 THE EXHIBIT OF THE OSBORN MFG. CO. 
 
 dieted that in the next 10 years the im- 
 provement would be as great and that 
 the increase in membership would keep 
 pace with the improvement. He 
 stated that the difficulty of providing 
 for the entertainment features for a 
 society like that of the American Foun- 
 drymen's Association was appreciated 
 only by those who had done so. It 
 was unfair to the association to com- 
 pel it to bear the burden of a varied 
 and expensive entertainment, the chief 
 benefit of which was reaped by the 
 supply men and he was glad to see that 
 the supply men were now ready to do 
 their part. He suggested for the ben- 
 efit of the committee on constitution 
 that membership in the Foundrymen's 
 
 repay the owners of foundries many 
 times over to send their foremen to 
 their conventions and pay their ex- 
 penses. 
 
 ENTERTAINMENT FEATURES. 
 
 The local entertainment committee 
 had prepared an elaborate entertain- 
 ment program for the visiting guests. 
 
 On Tuesday evening there was a 
 theater party at Keith's Theater. The 
 entire ground floor and a portion of the 
 balcony was reserved for the members 
 and their friends, and all reported a 
 good time. Some of the actors found 
 the names of some of the distinguished 
 body before them, and showed that 
 
122 
 
 Entertainment Features. 
 
 they were familiar with Tommy West, 
 the president, who was reported as 
 still mixing iron by analysis; with big, 
 tall Ben Fuller from Pittsburg; and 
 with Field, of metallurgical fame. 
 
 On Wednesday evening the members 
 and guests went to Luna park in a 
 body, six trolley cars having been en- 
 gaged for the purpose, and the party 
 headed by a brass band. At the park 
 
 docks of the National Tube Co., which 
 are three miles up the Black river. 
 The guests were met at the dock by 
 Mr. Masterson and his corps of assis- 
 tants, who conducted the party about 
 the works. The vessel unloaders were 
 first inspected, where two Hulett un- 
 loaders were engaged in removing a 
 cargo from one of the 10,000-ton ore 
 freighters. 
 
 THE EXHIBIT OF THE J. D. SMITH FOUNDR Y SUPPLY CO. 
 
 the various attractions were taken in 
 and the band was everywhere in evi- 
 dence, being taken over the roller 
 coaster, the "figure eight," the "shute- 
 the-shutes." and all the other attrac- 
 tions visited by the members. Every- 
 one reported a good time and went 
 home tired but happy. 
 
 On Thursday the entire party went 
 to Lorain on the steamer City of the 
 Straits. As already stated, a session 
 of the A. F. A. was held on the boat 
 on the way out, and the organization 
 session of the American Foundrymen's 
 Supply Association on the boat on the 
 way back. 
 
 At Lorain the party landed at the 
 
 The blast furnaces were next visited, 
 and then the foundrj r . The foundry 
 contains many points of interest. The 
 entire product is used at the various 
 mills owned by the company and con- 
 sists of three classes of metal; that is, 
 cupola, air furnace, and direct blast 
 furnace metal. The cupola metal is 
 used for ordinary work, the air furnace 
 metal for rolls, and the direct metal 
 for ingot molds. 
 
 On Thursday evening the final event 
 of entertainment features took place, 
 in the form of a smoker, which was 
 held in the Central Armory, where 
 the exhibits were arranged. The 
 guests were seated at tables, when 
 
Entertainment Features. 
 
 I2 3 
 
124 
 
 Exhibition, 
 
 they were furnished with their molders' 
 tools, which consisted of a souvenir 
 stein, a corn cob pipe, and a bag of 
 tobacco. The Falls Rivet & Machine 
 Co. also presented each person 
 in attendance with a leather case 
 containing "sample cores," which were 
 stated to have been made on the 
 Wadsworth improved core machine. 
 The cores were all cigar shaped and 
 were made of a very fine quality of to- 
 bacco, and hence were put to use by 
 the guests. 
 
 Very acceptable music was furnished 
 by Steele's orchestra, which is a local 
 orchestra of eighteen pieces. Amuse- 
 ment was also furnished by a vaude- 
 ville entertainment of eight acts. 
 
 POURING OFF THE HEAT. 
 
 Sandwiches were passed, and lest the 
 members become too dry, liquid re- 
 freshment was furnished by pouring 
 off a heat. This was accomplished with 
 the aid of a cupola, furnished by the 
 Whiting Foundry Equipment Co. It 
 was stated that the Whiting Foundry 
 Equipment Co. had occasionally furn- 
 ished amber-colored liquid refresh- 
 ments, but never before had it been 
 drawn from a cupola of their make. 
 The cupola was placed on the floor 
 next to the platform, or stage, and was 
 so arranged that the liquid refreshments 
 were tapped from the spout into hand- 
 ladles, and thus carried by the waiters 
 to the various guests at the tables. 
 The steins were filled from the hand- 
 ladles, but as there were some 750 peo- 
 ple present, it was found impossible to 
 d-a-.v the mrterial from the cupoln fast 
 
 enough, hence one of the steel barrels 
 furnished by the Cleveland Wire Spring 
 Co. was pressed into service. This 
 was mounted on a truck, so that it 
 could be carried from place to place, 
 was filled with beer, and trucked down 
 to the middle of the room. The hand- 
 ladles were then filled by dipping from 
 the barrel. 
 
 The molders' tools were distributed 
 to the members from wheel-barrows 
 furnished by the J. D. Smith Foundry 
 Supply Co.., and tote boxes furnished 
 by the Cleveland Wire Spring Co. 
 
 Considerable amusement was furn- 
 ished by the local committee passing 
 a number of cigars containing con- 
 cealed springs, which let go after the 
 cigar had burned a certain distance and 
 scattered the tobacco. 
 
 The assemblage broke up at 10:30, 
 everybody saying that the convention 
 had been the most successful and en- 
 joyable in the history of the Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 The Exhibition. 
 
 When the first arrangements were 
 made for the convention, an associa- 
 tion was formed for the purpose of 
 conducting an exhibition of foundry 
 supplies, as explained in the report of 
 the American Foundrymen's Supply 
 Association. 
 
 When the convention opened there 
 were exhibits from 42 firms. Some of 
 the exhibits were composite exhibits 
 of two or more firms. The total 
 weight of the machinery and supplies 
 exhibited was over 150 tons, and an 
 idea of the work connected with the 
 exhibit can be gained from the fact 
 that this entire mass of material was 
 moved into the armory in two days 
 and set up and running when the con- 
 vention opened. After three days of 
 exhibit it was all torn out and re- 
 shipped in two days. Power for the 
 exhibit was furnished by a 55-horse- 
 power gas engine, installed by the 
 Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Co., Cleveland, 
 O., belted on one side to a 2-inch line 
 shaft 90. feet in length furnishing power 
 to the various power exhibits, and on 
 the other to an air compressor, fur- 
 
Exhibits. 
 
 I2 5 
 
 nished by the Chicago Pneumatic Tool 
 Co. The air lines running the various 
 exhibits required over 400 lineal feet 
 of piping to reach the different exhib- 
 its. There were also over 300 feet of 
 .^as lines laid to reach various exhibits. 
 in addition to the power furnished by the 
 g?.s engine, three of the exhibits were 
 
 ments. These barrels are only about 
 50 per cent heavier than wooden bar- 
 rels and are many times stronger and 
 their life very much longer. They will 
 absolutely pay for themselves in a 
 short time in the saving of broken bar- 
 rels and particularly in the saving due 
 to the fact that when these barrels are 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THE B. F. STURTEVANT CO. AND THE REPUBLIC BELTING & SUPPLY CO. 
 
 driven by electric motors requiring an ag- 
 gregate of 25 horsepower. The Electric 
 Controller & Supply Co. also used a 
 heavy current for its lifting magnets. 
 
 The various exhibits are described 
 in greater detail below: 
 
 The Exhibits. 
 
 The Cleveland Wire Spring Co., of 
 Cleveland, O., had a very interesting 
 exhibit of steel foundry barrels and 
 metal tote boxes, for use in foundries 
 and other manufacturing establish- 
 
 used a certain aggravating occurrence 
 never take place. In other words, all 
 who have used wooden barrels are 
 familiar with the breakdown that often 
 occurs in the gangway and sometimes 
 takes three men to clean up, and in the 
 meantime blocks all passage in that de- 
 partment. Metal barrels do not break 
 down. Some barrels are also provided 
 with trunnions and a special truck ar- 
 ranged for handling them. 
 The Foundry exhibit was used large- 
 
126 
 
 Exhibits, 
 
 ly as a bureau of information and head- 
 quarters for the many friends of The 
 Foundry. Copies of the different 
 papers published by the Penton Pub- 
 lishing Co., and also a number of 
 practical books on foundry practice 
 were shown and subscriptions taken 
 for the same. For the convenience 
 of the visitors a stenographer was pres- 
 ent who was ready to write letters for 
 any one having business to transact. 
 
 The Western Foundry Supply Co., 
 East St. Louis, 111., occupied the ad- 
 joining space. This exhibit consisted 
 of a number of glass jars containing 
 various products, such as metallic ce- 
 ment, parting compound, various fac- 
 ing compounds, ground ferro-silicon, 
 ferro-manganese, etc. The company 
 also distributed souvenir bags of fer- 
 ro-manganese. 
 
 The American Sand Co., Columbus, 
 O., had an exhibit consisting of a 
 series of sand bins containing various 
 grades of molding sand, before which 
 were arranged tables containing jars 
 of molding sand and silica sand. One 
 of the features of the exhibit was a 
 number of cartoons posted on the rail- 
 ing in front of the space. 
 
 The B. F. Sturtevant Co., of Boston, 
 Mass., had a number of features in its 
 exhibit which were of especial interest. 
 At the front of the exhibit was a sec- 
 tional model of the latest patent of high 
 pressure blower, manufactured by this 
 company. The model was driven by 
 an electric motor and illustrated very 
 nicely the action of this new type of 
 machine. The exhibit also contained 
 three of the firm's well known centri- 
 fugal fan blowers of various sizes. Mr. 
 W. H. Coleman, of the Chicago 
 branch, was in charge, assisted by Mr. 
 S. C. Cutler, who represents the B. F. 
 Sturtevant Co. in Cleveland. 
 
 The Republic Belting & Supply Co., 
 of which "Sir. S. C. Cutler is vice pres- 
 ident, had an exhibit of belting, foundry 
 supplies and Cortland corundum 
 wheels. As Mr. Cutler is connected 
 with both firms, the exhibit was shown 
 in connection with that of the B. F. 
 Sturtevant Co. 
 
 Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., 
 Farmers' Bank building, Pittsburg, 
 Pa., displayed some of its blocks and 
 fire brick for lining cupolas. 
 
 W. W. Lindsay & Co., Philadelphia, 
 Pa., had an exhibit of chaplets of all 
 classes and gave away a very neat 
 cnaplet souvenir in the form of a 
 paper weight. 
 
 The Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., 
 Richmond, Ind., had on exhibit a Gart- 
 side core machine for making round 
 cores with coned ends, also for mak- 
 ing irregular cores, such as pipe bends, 
 etc. The machine is quite unique in 
 its design and construction. The ex- 
 hibit also contained universal coup- 
 lings, pattern dowels and other de- 
 vices manufactured by the company. 
 
 The Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland, 
 O., which handles the product of the 
 Ayers Mineral Co., of Zanesville, O., 
 the Ohio Sand Co., of Conneaut, O., 
 of L. K. Brown, Zanesville, O., the 
 Gordon Sand & Gravel Co., Cleveland, 
 O., and the Central Silica Co., of 
 Zanesville, O., had a unique exhibit, 
 including jars containing the different 
 grades of sand handled by the com- 
 pany and advertising matter concern- 
 ing it. The two most attractive feat- 
 ures in the booth, however, were a mic- 
 roscope for the examination of sand 
 and a pair of water coolers for dis- 
 pensing pure drinking water. This 
 latter feature proved a great attrac- 
 tion on the hot days. 
 
 The Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 
 O., exhibited two of its automatic 
 molding machines, one being con- 
 nected up with a revolving sand riddle 
 and used for making molds for a plate 
 of fittings. The other machine was 
 connected with the power and ran 
 idle, so as to show the mechanism. 
 There was also on exhibition a small 
 aluminum model of the machine and 
 a large collection of castings molded 
 upon the Berkshire machines. 
 
 The J. D. Smith Foundry Supply 
 Co., Cleveland, O., had a combination 
 exhibit, including facings and other 
 foundry supplies manufactured and 
 handled by the company. A squeezer 
 molding machine made by the firm, 
 
Exhibits, 
 
 127 
 
 the Battle Creek sand sifter, a new 
 sand sifter made by the Taylor & Bog- 
 gis Co., brass melting furnaces, and 
 lifts or hoists for pulling pots were 
 also shown. A water tumbler and an 
 exhibit of chaplets made by the Cleve- 
 land Chaplet Co. were also shown as 
 was an exhibit of paints and paint ma- 
 terials. 
 
 The Buckeye Sand Co., of Pittsburg, 
 had an exhibit of the various grades 
 of molding sand handled by it. 
 
 The Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 Cleveland, O., had an exhibit of draw- 
 ings of foundries. 
 
 The E. H. Mumford Co., of Phila- 
 delphia, exhibited two of the latest 
 improved Mumford molding machines 
 and one of the Rathbone multiple mold- 
 ing machines, and also an exhibit of 
 castings made upon the Rathbone ma- 
 chines. 
 
 The Herman Pneumatic Machine 
 Co., of Zelienople, Pa., had on exhibi- 
 tion one of its large pneumatic jarring 
 molding machines, which was in opera- 
 tion. The molds were lifted off by a 
 pneumatic hoist which ran on a trol- 
 ley overhead, furnished by the Chicago 
 Pneumatic Tool Co., Chicago. 
 
 The Electric Controller & Supply 
 Co., Cleveland, had one of the most 
 spectacular exhibits on the floor. This 
 consisted of an electric lifting magnet, 
 of two tons capacity, suspended from 
 a special framework by means of an 
 electric hoist. A couple of tons of 
 pig iron were placed on the floor 
 underneath the magnet, and elevated 
 by it. After they had been raised 
 about six feet, the current was cut 
 off from the magnet and the iron al- 
 lowed to drop, when the operation was 
 repeated. 
 
 The Connersville Blower Co.. Con- 
 nersville, Ind., had on exhibit a sec- 
 tional blower showing the manner in 
 which the rotators worked and also a 
 small blower driven by an electric 
 motor. 
 
 The Thomas W. Pangborn Co., 
 New York city, exhibited the Ameri- 
 can Diamond sand blast, the exhibit 
 being in charge of J. B. Botham, sand 
 blast engineer. 
 
 The Crystal Fluor Spar Mining Co., 
 with headquarters in the American 
 Trust building, Cleveland, O., had on 
 exhibition samples of fluor spar, which 
 sold under the name of Empire foun- 
 dry flux. 
 
 The Goldschmidt Thermit Co., as us- 
 ual, presented one of the most interest- 
 ing exhibits in the hall, a detailed de- 
 scription of which would occupy a 
 large amount of space. There were 
 samples cut from welds of various 
 types, made by thermit, and cut 
 through the weld, showing the accur- 
 acy of the workmanship. There were 
 clamps and molds for all classes of 
 thermit welds, and illustrations and 
 photographs showing some of the 
 many applications of the thermit. One 
 very interesting feature of the exhibit 
 consisted in a collection of various 
 metals, free from carbon, which were 
 manufactured by the thermit process. 
 Daily demonstrations of the use of 
 thermit were given, including welding, 
 burning on, and other uses. The ex- 
 hibit was in charge of Mr. A. M. 
 Guenther. Mr. E. Stutz, vice presi- 
 dent of the company, was also present 
 at the convention and spent much of 
 his time at the exhibit. 
 
 The Tabor Mfg. Co., of Philadel- 
 phia, exhibited two pneumatic mold- 
 ing machines, a roll over molding ma- 
 chine and a Taylor-Newbold saw which 
 is of especial interest to steel foundry- 
 men. The roll over machine attracted 
 a large amount of attention. 
 
 The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. 
 had on exhibition an air compressor 
 which was driven by a gas engine fur- 
 u'shed by the Bruce-Meriam-Abbott 
 Co., Cleveland, O., also a collection of 
 pneumatic tools and appliances includ- 
 ing hoists, hammers, drills and other 
 pneumatic tools. These were all ex- 
 hibited in operation. 
 
 E. A. Dempwolf & Sons, York, Pa., 
 manufacturers of hydrofluoric acid, had 
 a space to serve as headquarters for 
 the distribution of literature. 
 
 The Buckeye Milling Co., of Cleve- 
 land, O., had an exhibit of cores made 
 with its Wago dry core compound and 
 
I 23 
 
 Exhibit; 
 
 gave away samples of the compound 
 in pound boxes. 
 
 The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co., of Cleve- 
 land, O., had on exhibition a section 
 of irdustrial railway with a switch and 
 truck, also a dump car and a turn 
 table. 
 
 The Osborne Manufacturing Co. had 
 the space in the center of the hall, dir- 
 ectly in front of the main entrance. In 
 the center of this space was arranged 
 an octagonal pyramid, each face of 
 which was covered with a different 
 type of brush. There were hard and 
 soft bristle brushes, wire brushes of 
 all types, both for power and hand use, 
 and in fact, the layman would be be- 
 wildered by the array of brushes which 
 the various specialties in the different 
 branches of the business have brought 
 into existence. At one side of the 
 pyramid there was a stand, upon 
 which were exhibited molders' riddles 
 and shovels; also blue-skin belt lacing. 
 This is said to be the toughest and 
 best belt lace leather manufactured 
 anywhere. 
 
 William Dobson, manufacturer of 
 molders' tools, of Canastota, N. Y.. 
 had a very attractive exhibit, consist- 
 ing of a hardwood stand supporting 
 columns carrying an elevated shelf. 
 Upon these were arranged a 
 large variety of molders' tools. The 
 tools were all carefully finished, and 
 while none of those present, probably, 
 ever expect to earn their living again 
 with the use of the rammer, trowel and 
 slick, they were, nevertheless, very 
 much interested in the display, and 
 many of them will undoubtedly recom- 
 mend these tools to their employes in 
 the future. This exhibit was made es- 
 pecially efficient by the fact that Mr. 
 Dobson and his assistant, Mr. L. H. 
 Hough, were always present and ready 
 to answer any number of questions. 
 The souvenir aluminum scale given 
 away at this space was an additional 
 drawing card. 
 
 A. Brandau, of Detroit, had on ex- 
 hibit his well known brand of molders' 
 shoes. The leather in these shoes is 
 treated by a secret process, which ren- 
 ders it to a large extent fire proof. 
 Samples of the leather were introduced 
 
 into the flame of a candle until the 
 leather twisted and curled, after which 
 it could be straightened out, bent, 
 twisted, or pulled, as though nothing 
 had happened to it. These shoes are 
 especially designed for use in the sand 
 heap and are gaining friends among 
 the molders every year. 
 
 MR. GARTSIDE S NEW CORE MACHINE. 
 
 The Monarch Engineering Co., of 
 Baltimore, Md., had on exhibit one of 
 the Monarch furnaces, which, unfor- 
 tunately, could not be operated in the 
 exhibit hall, as natural gas was not 
 available. The original plan was to 
 operate this furnace and pour off some 
 of the molds made on the molding ma- 
 chines. The next best arrangement 
 was made, which was to install a fur- 
 nace in the exhibit, which was not in 
 operation, and another at the shop of 
 the Eastern Ohio Gas Co., which was 
 in operation. Many of the visitors 
 were taken to see this latter furnace, 
 and interesting demonstrations of its 
 efficiency made. 
 
Exhibits . 
 
 129 
 
 The Whiting Foundry Equipment 
 Co., of Harvey, 111., had on exhibit one 
 of the latest type of 44-inch cupola 
 furnaces. This was arranged with up- 
 per and lower tuyeres, slag spout, and 
 all the modern improvements. The 
 cupola was mounted next to the 
 speaker's stand, and as described else- 
 where, was used for drawing off the 
 liquid refreshments the night of the 
 smoker. The kegs were arranged back 
 of the speaker's stand and a block tin 
 pipe line laid into the cupola and 
 
 sharpening stones, grinding wheels, 
 polishing material, belt lacings, and 
 other similar materials. 
 
 The Arcade Mfg. Co., of Freeport, 
 111., exhibited two of the Arcade "Mod- 
 ern" molding machines. These ma- 
 chines are hand operated and ram both 
 cope and drag at the same time. The 
 exhibit contained a large number of 
 castings made on this machine and 
 molds were made at a very rapid rate. 
 A statement at the exhibit shows that 
 Diie of the men, shoveling his own sand 
 
 EXHIBIT OF THE STANDARD SAND & MACHINE CO. 
 
 through an ice box arranged inside of 
 the same. The spout was made up in 
 the ordinary manner, the block tin pipe 
 being concealed in the lining of the 
 spout. 
 
 The White Tool & Supply Co., of 
 Cleveland, O., had one of the most at- 
 tractive displays at the convention. 
 This company is agent for the Crescent 
 Machinery Co., of Leetonia, O.. and 
 hence had on exhibit a complete line of 
 patternmaking machinery, including one 
 of the most recent models of 
 the Crescent band saw, a Universal 
 saw table, and a surfacer. The Fox 
 trimmers were also exhibited. In ad- 
 dition there was a complete line of 
 
 from the heap, has made and poured 
 275 molds per day of seven hours, us- 
 ing an 11 x 16 flask. These molds re- 
 quired approximately 1,200 pounds of 
 melted iron. In the photograph, un- 
 fortunately, one of the machines is 
 almost directly behind the other so 
 that they do not show off to special 
 advantage. One feature of the ma- 
 chine is a very ingenious method which 
 is used for making the necessary match 
 plates. After the two parts of the mold 
 are filled, struck off and rammed, they 
 are rolled over and the pattern drawn up 
 from the mold. The parts are then drawn 
 forward on to an apron, the mold as- 
 sembled, and the snap flask removed. 
 
13° 
 
 Exhibits. 
 
 The sand for this exhibit was furnished 
 by the Garden City Sand Co., of Chi- 
 cago, 111. 
 
 The Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., of 
 Cleveland. O., occupied the space next 
 to the Arcade Mfg. Co., and displayed 
 five of the well-known Chisholm & 
 Moore chain hoists. The operation of 
 the hoists was also well illustrated by 
 sectional models. 
 
 The Detroit Foundry Supply Co.. 
 Detroit, Mich., had a space and desk 
 next to that of the Chisholm & Moore 
 Mfg. Co., and had on exhibit its newly 
 patented Galvarim riddle. This is a 
 new departure in riddles. The rim is 
 made of galvanized iron, with the top 
 and bottom beaded over 3-16-inch iron 
 
 Cleveland. The one shown was a 55- 
 horsepower engine and operated an air 
 compressor in the exhibit of the Chi- 
 cago Pneumatic Tool Co., and a line 
 of shafting 90 feet in length for driving 
 some of the power exhibits. The en- 
 gines of this type have an ignition at 
 each stroke but the governor regulates 
 the gas used so as to produce a uni- 
 form speed with any load. 
 
 The W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 
 makes a specialty of cleaning room 
 equipment and had on exhibit a num- 
 ber of well-known machines of its 
 make. These included a pair of ex- 
 haust tumbling mills, connected with 
 a dust arrester of the latest type. A 
 representative of the company went 
 
 SOME OF THE WORK OF THE RATHB0NE MU LTIPLE MOLDING MACHINE. 
 
 wire. The screen is formed over a 
 wire rim, and held in place by a groove 
 near the bottom of the riddle frame. 
 These screens can be replaced when 
 worn out, thus greatly increasing the 
 life of the riddle. The representatives 
 of this company, Messrs. Crandall, 
 Woodison and Beers, were in constant 
 attendance at the convention, and we 
 presume that the next edition of The 
 Blast will contain many interesting 
 features. 
 
 The gas engine has recently come 
 into the foundry as a source of power, 
 and every year sees more gas or gaso- 
 line engines installed for this purpose. 
 Recognizing this fact, the Exhibit As- 
 sociation was very glad indeed to have 
 on exhibit one of the latest types of 
 gas engines, which was furnished by 
 the Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Co., of 
 
 to one of the local foundries and se- 
 cured a quantity of tumbling mill dust 
 which was put into the tumbling mills, 
 blown into the dust arrester, and the 
 air which came out into the room was 
 perfectly clean, thus showing the effi- 
 ciency of the device. The statement 
 was made that this air could be blown 
 across the top of a desk without soil- 
 ing the writing paper. In addition the 
 exhibit contained one of the Sly water 
 cinder mills, with all of the accessory 
 mountings. There was also on exhibit 
 one of the heads for a tumbling mill 
 and one of the gears, showing the 
 workmanship on both. 
 
 The Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
 of Cleveland, O., exhibited two types 
 of sand-preparing machinery, one of 
 which was in operation. This com- 
 pany manufactures machines so ar- 
 
Those in Attendance. 
 
 I 3 I 
 
 ranged that they will make any de- 
 sired mixtures from a number of grades 
 of sand. In this case all the operator 
 has to do is to keep the machine sup- 
 plied with the various classes and it 
 will mix and temper the material which 
 is required. Sand mixed in this way 
 runs much more uniform than hand- 
 tempered sand and is also much more 
 economical, as a large proportion of 
 old sand or local sand can be used in 
 the mixture. The exhibit also con- 
 tained a large variety of the molding 
 sands handled by the firm. 
 
 George H. Wadsworth, of the Falls 
 Rivet & Machine Co., Cuyahoga Falls, 
 O., has made a specialty of core-room 
 
 THE STEELE 
 
 MONARCH BLOWS 
 
 VHJllJl LM 
 
 THE MONARCH ENGINEERING CO. S EXHIBIT. 
 
 equipment, and by far the largest pro- 
 portion of this exhibit was made up of 
 core-room specialties. The well-known 
 Wadsworth core machine was on ex- 
 hibit, there being three machines in 
 operation. One was driven by a com- 
 pressed air motor, one six-inch ma- 
 chine was driven by hand, and a smal- 
 ler machine by hand. There was also 
 on exhibit a very neat core oven which 
 has recently been designed by Mr. 
 Wadsworth especially for the drying 
 of machine-made cores. The Wads- 
 worth core-coning machine, recently 
 illustrated in these columns, was in- 
 cluded in the exhibit, as was also the 
 Wadsworth tumbling barrel. A large 
 number of oil sand cores made upon 
 the Wadsworth machine were shown, 
 
 including squares, octagons, ovals, and 
 other irregular forms. The cores vary 
 in size from y% of an inch square to % 
 inch in diameter. 
 
 Adjoining the exhibit of the Falls 
 Rivet & Machine Co., was that of the 
 Holland Linseed Oil Co., of Chicago, 
 111. Mr. Baumgardner had on exhibit 
 a number of remarkable cores which 
 were made with the Holland core com- 
 pound. One core was for the interior 
 of a hollow casting used in a steam 
 laundry machine. The core was nearly 
 eight feet in length, 16 inches in width, 
 and 4 1 /} inches in thickness at the cen- 
 ter. It was entirely surrounded with 
 metal, with the exception of two small 
 holes at the ends through which the 
 vent was removed. The casting had 
 to stand 80 pounds of steam pressure 
 per square inch. There were a number 
 of other remarkable cores in this ex- 
 hibit. 
 
 Those in Attendance. 
 
 Abell, Fred A., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Abell, O. J., The Iron Trade Review, Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Adams, Ezra S., The Iron Age, Cleveland. 
 
 Adamson, R.. The Farrel Machine Co., An- 
 sonia, Conn. 
 
 Adams, W. J., S. Obermayer Co., Milwaukee, 
 Wis. 
 
 Aikens, M. H., Berkshire Miff. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Aland, Chas.. Jas. B. Clow & Sons, Newcom- 
 erstown, Ohio. 
 
 Allyne, E. E., Allyne Brass Fdry. Co., Cleve- 
 land. _ _ 
 
 Allyne, A. H., Allyne Brass Fdry. Co., Cleve- 
 land. ' 
 
 Ames, Lyman, Columbus Iron & Steel Co., 
 Columbus, Ohio. 
 
 Anderson, Axil, Moline Plow Co., Mohne, 111. 
 
 Andrews, Russel R., The Vulcan Fdry. Co., 
 Hamilton, Ohio. 
 
 Anthes, S. S., Toronto Fdry. Co., Toronto, Ont. 
 
 Antisdale, Nelson, Ideal Mfg. Co., Detroit, 
 Mich. 
 
 Armstrong, G. H., Matthew Addy & Co., Pitts- 
 burg, Pa. ■ 
 
 Armstrong, T. H., Oliver Machinery Co., Grand 
 Rapids, Mich. 
 
 Arnold, H. C, A. Carpenter & Sons tdry Co., 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 Atwater, H. R.. Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Ayers, E. M., The Interstate Sand Co., Zanes- 
 ville, Ohio. . 
 
 Backert, A. O.. The Iron Age, Chicago. 
 
 Bair, Adam W., Chicago, Milwaukee & St. 
 Paul Car Wheel Fdry., Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Baird N. E., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse, 
 N. Y. „ 
 
 Baldwin, H. W., T. H. Symington Co., Corn- 
 ing, N. Y. 
 
 Baldwin, L. K., The Interstate Fdry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Barker, Fred, Coe Mfg. Co., Painesville, Ohio. 
 
 Barnes, T. R., Barnes Mfg. Co., Mansfield, O. 
 
 Barr, f. D., Penn. Facing Mill Co., Irwin, Pa. 
 
 Barr, W. T., The Interstate Fdry., Cleveland. 
 
 Barringer, Robert R., Baltimore Railroad Spec- 
 ialty Co., Corning, N. Y. 
 
 Barry, D. J., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 
 
13 2 
 
 Those in Attendance. 
 
 Bartol, Geo., Gen. Mgr. The Otis Steel Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Bates, A. N., Erie Fdry. Co., Erie, Pa. 
 
 Battenfeld, Carl, Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Battenfeld, J. N., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Bauman, T. A., Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Baumgardner, P. M., Holland Linseed Oil Co., 
 Chicago, 111. 
 
 Beach, Edward W., Manufacturers Fdry Co., 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 Beaman, J. W., W. E. Pratt, Joliet, 111. 
 
 Beemer, Miles W., Beacon Fdry & Eng. Co., 
 New York City. 
 
 Beers, Wm. R., Detroit Fdry. Supply Co., 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Beeson, T. S., The Wm. Tod Co., Youngs- 
 town, Ohio. 
 
 Bennett, Geo. G., The Bennett Eng. & Steam 
 Specialty Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Bennett, H. M., The Southern Machinist, At- 
 lanta, Ga. 
 
 Berchtold, L. J., Erie Eng. Co., Erie, Pa. 
 
 Bergman, Aug., The Ohio Cultivator Co., Belle- 
 vue, Ohio. 
 
 Bernard, L. , Palmers & DeMooy, Cleveland. 
 
 Bever, J. J., Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Bill, H. L., Dodge Mfg. Co., Mishawaka, Ind 
 
 Bixler, R. E., Buckeye Sand Co., Pittsburg, Pa 
 
 Blanchard, A. S., The Wellman-Seaver-Morgan 
 
 ' Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Blanchfield, C. O'D., Industrial World, Pitts 
 burg, Pa. 
 
 Blunt, L. G., The Ferro Machine & Fdry. Co. 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Blyth, Robert, Walker-Pratt Mfg. Co., Water 
 town, Mass. 
 
 Bocking, Ferdinand, Seerbrucken, Germany. 
 
 Boggis, H. T., Taylor & Boggis, Cleveland. 
 
 Bohnard, Wm., The Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Botham, T. B., Thos. W. Pangborn Co., New 
 York City. 
 
 Boughton, A. L., The Standard Sand & Ma- 
 chine Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Boughton, H. E., Standard Sand & Machine 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Boughton, W. G., Standard Sand & Machine 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Boughton, H. G., Standard Sand & Machine 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Bowie, John, Corrigan, McKinney & Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Bowler, N. P., Bowler Fdry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Boyd, C. A., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Boyd, W., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Boyle, James, Buckeye Eng. Co., Salem, Ohio. 
 
 Boynton, T. C, Palmers & DeMooy, Cleveland. 
 
 Bradley, John A., Akron, Ohio. 
 
 Brainard, J. C, Johnston & Jennings Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Brainard, S. W., Cleveland. 
 
 Brandau, Adam, Mfg. Molders' Shoes, Detroit, 
 Mich. 
 
 Brans, Frank, Griswold Mfg. Co., Erie, Pa. 
 
 Brant, Wm. J., The Millers Products Co., 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Brown, Dennis, F. P. Curtiss Co., New Britain, 
 Conn. 
 
 Brown, Frank P., Westinghouse Electric Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Brown, L. K., Interstate Sand Co., Zanes- 
 ville, Ohio. 
 
 Bruce, W. C, Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Brunner, Fred J., S. Obermayer Co., Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio. 
 
 Bumbaugh, W. S., Monessen Fdry. & Machine 
 Co., Monessen, Pa. 
 
 Bunsky, G. P., Stark Fdry. Co., Canton, Ohio. 
 
 Burgen, J. J., Lane Mfg. Co., Montpelier, Vt. 
 
 Burman, F. N., Shirley Radiator Co., Shirley, 
 Ind. 
 
 Buyer, George, Barnes Mfg. Co., Mansfield, O. 
 
 Cadwell, E. W., Secy. Cincinnati Fdry. Fore- 
 men, care S. C, Tatum Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Cahill, M„ City Fdry. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Caiey, Chas. J., Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co., 
 New Britain, Conn. 
 
 Caley, H. S., Hart & Crouse Co., Utica, N. Y. 
 Calhoun, N. S., Johnston & Jennings Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Camp, George E., International Heater Co., 
 
 Utica, N. Y. 
 Campbell, C. D., Medina Fdry., Medina, Ohio. 
 Campbell, J. W., Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Carew, Wm. J., The Essex Fdry., Newark, 
 
 N. J. 
 Carhart, Henry E., Canastota, N. Y. 
 Carleton, J. W., Union Mfg. Co., New Britain, 
 
 Conn. 
 Carrick, F. A., The Globe Fdry. Co., Erie, Pa. 
 Carroll, F. A., The Foundry, Cleveland. 
 Carroll, J. T., W. Bingham Co., Cleveland. 
 Carson, L. L., American Mfg. Co., Pittsburg. 
 Carter, Frank, Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. 
 Cauther, Dan, The Ohio Fdry. Co., Cleveland. 
 Chamberlain, F. H., J. D. Smith Fdry. Supply 
 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 Chambers, W., The Garden City Sand Co., 
 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Chapman, E. M., W. M. Crane Co., Peekskill, 
 
 N. Y. 
 Chappelka, A. H. E., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. 
 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 Cheney, F. R., Berlin Mach. Wks., Beloit, Wis. 
 Cherrie, Jas., Friction Pulley Wks., Sandy 
 
 Hill, N. Y. 
 Childs, E. D., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Clark, W. J., American Shipbuilding Co 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Clark, Wm., Cleveland Chaplet & Mfg. Co 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Clegg, R. I., Editor Wood Craft, Cleveland. 
 Clement, B. H., Erie Fdry. Co., Rochester 
 
 N. Y. 
 Cleve, T. M., Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 
 Closshey, D. F., The Detroit Stove Co.. De 
 
 troit, Mich. 
 Coble, D. O, A. Buch's Sons Co., Elizabeth 
 
 town, Pa. 
 Coleman, F. A., J. D. Smith Fdry. Supply Co. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Coleman, W. H., B. F. Sturtevant Co., Chicago 
 Comstock, W. A., Cleveland Wire Spring Co. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Corbin, A. F., Union Mfg. Co., New Britain 
 
 Conn. 
 Corse, Wm. M., Detroit Lubricator Co., De 
 
 troit, Mich. 
 Cox. P. J., Michigan Stove Co., Detroit, Mich 
 Crabill, C. B., The Fanner Mfg. Co., Cleveland 
 Craig, W. D., Canada Iron Furnace Co., Mid 
 
 land, Ont. 
 Cramer, M. L., The Snow Steam Pump Wks 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Crandall, L. A., Detroit Fdry. Supply Co., De 
 
 troit, Mich. 
 Crawford, P. S., U. S. Graphite Co., Saginaw 
 
 Mich. 
 Cray, A. B.. Chandler & Price, Palmyra, N. Y 
 Cridland, H. C, Dayton, Ohio. 
 Crivil, G. F.. F. B. Stevens, Detroit, Mich. 
 Crobaugh, Frank L., Cleveland. 
 Crook, A., Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 
 
 Youngstown, Ohio. 
 Crosley, J., Multiple Moulding Machinery, De 
 
 troit, Mich. 
 Cross, C. M., Kilby Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 
 Cronenberger, W. A., Cleveland Chaplet & 
 
 Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Cuddy, G. S., The Enterprise Fdry. Co., De- 
 troit, Mich. 
 Cullen, W. T., Frontier Iron Wks., Buffalo, 
 
 N. Y. 
 Culver, Chester M., Murphy Iron Wks., De- 
 troit, Mich. 
 Cummings, J. W., The U. S. Graphite Co., 
 
 Saginaw, Mich. 
 Curley, Jas., Falls Rivet & Mach. Co., Cuya- 
 hoga Falls, Ohio. 
 Cutler, S. C, Republic Belting & Supply Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Dailey, Frank, Fdry. Foreman, Walworth Run 
 
 Fdry. Co., Cleveland. 
 Daker, T., Hickman, Williams & Co., Cincin- 
 nati, Ohio. 
 Danver, T. H., Beaver, Pa. 
 Davies, Geo. C, Pilling & Crane, Philadelphia. 
 
Those in Attendance. 
 
 J 33 
 
 Degan, T., American Shipbuilding Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Deming, Geo. H., Smith Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, 
 
 Wis. 
 DeMooy, Wm., Palmers & DeMooy, Cleveland. 
 Dempwolf, E. A., E. A. Dempwolf & Sons, 
 
 York, Pa. 
 Densmore, R. E., Penton Publishing Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Derby, Fred, Taylor & Boggis Co., Cleveland. 
 Deverell, H. F., Otis Steel Co., Cleveland. 
 Diemer, II. M., Electric Controller & Supply 
 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 Diller, H. E.. Western Electric Co., Chicago. 
 Ditty, R.. Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 
 Dobson, Wm., Canastota, N. Y. 
 Donnelly, J. E. Jr., Lackawanna Steel Co., Buf- 
 falo. 
 Dopp, T. W., The Tabor Mfg. Co., Chicago. 
 Douglas, Ed. C, W. & B. Douglas, Middletown, 
 
 Conn. 
 Douglass, W. L., Beaver Dam Malleable Iron 
 
 Co., Beaver Dam, Wis. 
 Downerd, F. A., American Sand Co., Colum- 
 bus, O. 
 Downerd, P. F., American Sand Co., Colum- 
 bus, O. 
 Drummond, E. M.,» Drummond Mfg. Co., 
 
 Louisville, Ky. 
 Dubinski, J., Mt. Vernon, O. 
 Dye, T. F., Newport Sand Bank Co., Newport, 
 
 Ky. 
 Dyer, W. E., Port Huron Engine & Thresher 
 
 Co., Port Huron, Mich. 
 Eagan, D. F., Henry E. Pridmore, Boston, 
 
 Mass. 
 Eastwood, A. C, Electric Controller & Supply 
 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 Ebel. G. F., Stark Foundry Co., Canton, O. 
 Edward, B. H., Detroit Register Co., Detroit, 
 
 Mich. 
 Elbon, Chas., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Erdman, Ed., Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. 
 Ericson, C. H., Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Evans, C. H., Atlas Bolt & Nut Co., Cleveland. 
 Evans, Tas. A.. Erie Laboratory, Erie, Pa. 
 Evarts, S. J.. Penton Publishing Co., Cleveland. 
 Fahey, Ed., J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. 
 Falconer, N., Gunn Richards Co., New York 
 
 City. 
 Farrow, E. L., Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Fauver, H. W., Penton Publishing Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Fasy, J., W. W. Lindsay & Co., Philadelphia. 
 Feiss, Geo. J., Superior Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Ferris, H., The Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111. 
 Field. H. E.. Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., 
 
 Pittsburg. 
 Finley, M. S., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Finucan, T., The Westinghouse Mfg. Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Fischer, J. E., Beaver Dam Malleable Iron Co., 
 
 Beaver Dam, Wis. 
 Fisher, S. H., Harrisburg Foundry & Mach. 
 
 Co., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 Fonda, W. H., Port Huron Engine & Thresher 
 
 Co., Port Huron, Mich. 
 Foote, H. M., The A. M. Mfg. Co., Columbus, 
 
 O. 
 Fortune, J. R., Murphy Iron Works, Detroit, 
 
 Mich. 
 Forwell, Wm.. Forwell Fdrv. Co., Berlin, Ont. 
 Fox, M. Z.. Hill & Griffith' Co., Cincinnati. 
 Frankel, Philip, National Metal Trades Associa- 
 tion, Cleveland. 
 Frankel, F., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Franenheim, H. T., Herman Pneumatic Ma- 
 chine Co., Zelienopole, Pa. 
 Frohman, E. D., The S. Obermayer Co., Pitts- 
 burg. 
 Fromm, Frederick C, Manufacturers' Foundry 
 
 Co., Waterbury, Conn. 
 Fuller, Beni. D., Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. 
 
 Co., Pittsburg. 
 Fulton, F. H., Studebaker Foundry Co., South 
 
 Bend, Ind. 
 Furguson, Jay, The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Gagen, Phil., The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Gale, C. H.. Penna. Malleable Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 Gamble, T. N., Western Tube Co., Kewanee, 
 111. 
 
 Ganley, M., The Connersville Blower Co., Con- 
 nersville, Ind. 
 
 Gardner, Geo. H., Gardner Publishing Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Garrett, Tames, Acme Foundry Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Gartland. T. H., The Best Foundry Co., Bed- 
 ford. O. 
 
 Gartside, Wm. N., Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., 
 Richmond, Ind. 
 
 Gaylord, E. S., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Geffene, V. P., Acme Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Gerhart, H. J., Penna. Malleable Co.. Pittsburg. 
 
 Gerdum, A., Walworth Run Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Giesey, V. A., Harbison-Walker Refractories 
 Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 Gilbert, H. W., N)sw York Central R. R., 
 Frankfort, N. Y. 
 
 Gilbert, L. D., Frick Co., Waynesboro, Pa. 
 
 Gilmour, E. B., E. B. Gilmour Foundry Co., 
 Jackson, Mich. 
 
 Golden, T. P., Golden Foundry & Machine Co., 
 Columbus, Ga. 
 
 Goldrick, R., The Ohio Foundry, Cleveland. 
 
 Gomersall, Ben, The Toledo Casting & Forge 
 Co., Toledo, O. 
 
 Good, Thomas R., W. & B. Douglas, Middle- 
 town, Conn. 
 
 Gordon, F. E., The Interstate Sand Co., Con- 
 neaut, O. 
 
 Gorman, J. W., Ridgeway Machine Tool Co., 
 Ridgeway, Pa. 
 
 Goss, A. J., Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. 
 
 Gow, John, General Electric Co., Schenectady, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Greenbaum, Wm., Acme Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 
 land - °- o ^ , ^ 
 
 Greene, J. B., Lucas Machine & Tool Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Greene, W. B., Palmers & DeMooy Co., Cleve- 
 land. , 
 
 Griffin. W. H., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Griffiths, George H., The Iron Trade Review, 
 Chicago. 
 
 Grimes, Geo. L., Detroit Stoker & Foundry 
 Co., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Griswold, W. A., Gray & Dudley Hardware 
 Co., Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Groves, S., editor The Canadian Engineer, To- 
 ronto, Ont. . 
 
 Gruman, H. W., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 
 Grunau, Wm. F., Erie City Iron Works, Erie, 
 
 Pa 
 Guade, Edward R., Oil Well Supply Co., Oil 
 
 Citv Pa. 
 Guenther, ' A. M., Goldschmidt Thermit Co., 
 
 New York City. 
 Gutsche, J. A., L. S. & M. S. R. R., Cleveland. 
 Haggerty, H. W., Corrigan, McKmney & Co., 
 
 Cleveland. „ 
 
 Hall. J. H., Electric Controller & Supply Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Halsey, G. P.. Erie Foundry Co., Erie, Pa. 
 Hamel. F., Detroit, Mich. 
 Hamilton, W., Newport News Ship Building 
 
 Co., Newport News, Va. 
 Hammond, A. W., The Foundry, Cleveland. 
 Hardy, C. A., Whiting Foundry Equipment 
 
 Co.. Harvev. HI. _ T . 
 
 Harpel, Frank T., H. M. Treadwell Co., Leba- 
 non, Pa. 
 Harris, Irving, Detroit Register Co., Detroit, 
 
 Mich- ^ „*••, 
 
 Harrison, A. E., Allis-Chalmers Co., Milwaukee, 
 
 Wis. 
 
 Harrison, Jos., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply 
 Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Harrold, Mr., Crescent Machinery Co., Lee- 
 tonia, O. 
 
 Hator, Lee O., Buffalo Co-operative btove Co., 
 Buffalo, Nl Y. 
 
 Haurath, A. P., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Hawkins, D. S., Westinghouse Mfg. Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
134 
 
 Those in Attendance. 
 
 Heaney. W., The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 Hector, F. T. D., The Iron Trade Review, 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Henry, T. E., Medina Foundry Co., Medina, 
 
 O. 
 Hepunstall, W. H., Torrance Malleable Iron 
 
 Co., Troy, N. Y. 
 Herman. H. C, Herman Pneumatic Machine 
 
 Co., Zelienople, Pa. 
 Herron, Chas. Jr., Herron Pump & Foundry 
 
 Co., Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 Hessler, Geo. J., Syracuse Foundry Co., Syra- 
 cuse, N. Y. 
 Heyl, Martin L., Herman Pneumatic Machine 
 
 Co., Zelienople, Pa. 
 Hibbs, Alfred, The U. S. Pipe & Foundry Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Hildebrand, L. A., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Hickok, Chas. N., M. A. Hanna Co., Cleveland. 
 Hiers, F. A., Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., 
 
 Richmond, Ind. 
 Hill, W. H., Quincy Engine Works, Quincy, 
 
 111. 
 Hill, J., Hill & Griffith, Cincinnati. 
 Hill, T., Ouincy Engine Works, Quincy, 111. 
 Hobolt, C~ The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 Holmes, H. J., L. Schreiber & Sons Co., Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 Holzapfel, Wm. T., Crescent Mfg. Co., Scott- 
 dale, Pa. 
 Horning, Jno., The Ohio Foundry, Cleveland. 
 Hosford, W. B., Dodge Mfg. Co., Mishawaka, 
 
 Ind. 
 Hott, Peter, C. & G. Cooper Co., Mt. Vernon, 
 
 O. 
 Hough, L. H., Wm. Dobson, Canastota, N. Y. 
 Housman, R., Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 Howard, W. B., Detroit Foundry Supply Co., 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Howell, Alfred E., Phillips & Buttorff Mfg. 
 
 Co., Nashville, Tenn. 
 Hoyt, C. B., The Ohio Cultivator Co., Belle- 
 
 vue, O. 
 Hubbard, Geo. A., The Millers' Product Co., 
 
 Chicago. 
 Hubbard, S. W., Rogers, Brown & Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Hulec. Frank, U. S. Bronze Co., Cleveland. 
 Hunt, D. Tr., Warner & Swasey, Cleveland. 
 Hurlbut, Emory, The Foundry, Cleveland. 
 Huston, R. T., Connersville Blower Co., Con- 
 
 nersville, Ind. 
 Hutton, Wm. W., Advance Thresher Co., Bat- 
 tle Creek, Mich. 
 Ingalls, C. W., General Pneumatic Tool Co., 
 
 Montour Falls, N. Y. 
 Jackson, Eugene, Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Jackson, Wm. W., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Jacobi, Edward, Stirling Consolidated Boiler 
 
 Co.. Mansfield. O. 
 Jacobs, C. V., Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Janke, Robt., Superior Foundry Co., Cleveland, 
 "jarecki, Chas., Jarecki Mfg. Co., Erie, Pa. 
 Jenkins, W. A., Olds Motor Works, Lansing, 
 
 Mich. 
 Jewell, W. E., Acme Steel & Malleable Iron 
 
 Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Johnson, H. W., The Hill Clutch Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Johnston, S. T., The S. Obermayer Co., Chi- 
 cago. 
 Jones, C. H., Rosedale Foundry & Machine 
 
 Co., Allegheny, Pa. 
 Jones, John, Rosedale Foundry & Machine Co., 
 
 Allegheny, Pa. 
 Kafer, C. A., Electric Controller & Supply Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Kanavel, U. E., Interstate Sand Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Karl, Geo., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Kean, E. A., The Deming Co., Salem, O. 
 Keep, W. J., Michigan Stove Co., Detroit, 
 
 Mich. 
 Keith, F. S., Canadian Machinery, Toronto, 
 
 Canada. 
 Kelley, G. A., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Kelley, W. H., Youngstown Foundry & Ma- 
 chine Co., Youngstown, O. 
 Kelly, T. P., T. P. Kelly & Co., Mew York. 
 
 Kellner, Wm., The Pattin Bros. Co., Marietta, 
 
 O. 
 Kent, R. T., The Iron Trade Review, Cleve- 
 land. 
 Kerr, Wm., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Kilby, D. J., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Kirkwood, J. W., Fanner Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 Kischel, Otto, Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Knight, Arthur, American Ship Building Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Knodle, C, The Metal Industry, Cincinnati. 
 Koontz, H. C, Interstate Sand Co.. Cleveland. 
 Kronke, A. J., Cleveland Chaplet & Mfg. Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Lamp, Henry, Bettendorf Metal Wheel Co., 
 
 Springfield, O. 
 Lane, Henry M„ editor The Foundry, Cleve- 
 land. 
 Lane, J. S., Akron, O. 
 Langsenkamp, Wm. Jr., Langsenkamp Bros. 
 
 Brass Works, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 Lathwood. J. A., Lathwood Foundry Co., Pitts- 
 burg', Pa. 
 Laubscher, Henry C, T. H. Brooks Iron Works. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Lauer, Wilhelm, Brebach, Germany. 
 Lavan, P. H., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 Lee, J. T., Dealer in Multiple Molding Ma- 
 chinery, Detroit, Mich. 
 Leland. Henry M., Cadillac Motor Car Co., 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Lewis, Wilfred, Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. 
 Little, J. W., Landis Tool Co., Waynesboro, 
 
 Pa. 
 Logan, J. A., Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., 
 
 Pittsburg. 
 Long, Tohn, A. T. Hagen Co., Rochester, N. 
 
 Y. 
 Lose, W. H., Iron City Sanitary Mfg. Co., 
 
 Zelienople, Pa. 
 Loudon, Archie M.. Elmira Heater & Foundry 
 
 Co., Elmira, N. Y. 
 Lowe, C. F., The Penton Publishing Co.. Cleve- 
 land. 
 Lumley, D. S., L. S. & M. S. Ry. Co., Elk- 
 hart, Ind. 
 Luther, P., Lackawanna Steel Co., Buffalo, N. 
 
 Y. 
 Lvnch, D. M., A. Buch's Sons, Elizabethtown, 
 
 Pa. 
 Lynette, H. A., A. F. A. Exhibit Association, 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Lyon, E. J., The Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 McBrien. J. V., Western Foundry Supply Co., 
 
 East St. Louis, 111. 
 McCallum, Thomas B., Ball Engine Co., Erie, 
 
 Pa. 
 McCaslin, H. J., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 McCoy, J. P., Baldwin Locomotive Works, 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 McClumpha, H. E., National Car Wheel Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 McCormick, J. S., J. S. McCormick Co., Pitts- 
 burg. 
 McDonald, R. A., Harbison Walker Refractor- 
 ies Co.. Pittsburg. 
 McDonald, T. F., Monarch Engineering & 
 
 Mfg. Co.. Baltimore, Md. 
 McElvain, M., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 McEwen, H, A. Garrison Foundry Co., Pitts- 
 burg. 
 McFadden, W. H., Mackintosh, Hemphill & 
 
 Co., Pittsburg. 
 McGlynn, J. B., City Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 Mackenzie, H, American Ship Building Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 McKnight, H. R., W. S. Tyler Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 McLean, E., South Altoona Foundry, Altoona, 
 
 Pa. 
 MacMeekin, J. B., Abram Cox Stove Co., 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 McNeal, Chas. P., Garden City Sand Co., Chi- 
 cago. 
 McQuillan, W. S., Colonial Foundry & Machine 
 
 Co., South Norwalk, Conn. 
 McRoberts, S. A., Industrial World, Pittsburg. 
 Mack, C. F., Kilby Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
Those in Attendance. 
 
 !35 
 
 Maley, H., The City Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 Malone, T. E., J. S. McCormick Co., Pittsburg. 
 Man, F. J., Republic Belting & Supply Co., 
 
 Cleveland. 
 Martin, Tames V., Monarch Engineering & Mfg. 
 
 Co., Baltimore, Md. 
 Martin, S. A.. Pcnna. R. R. Co., Altoona, Pa. 
 Mayon, Joe, The Best Foundry Co., Bedford, 
 
 Mead, Wm. J., Pigott, Mead & Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Meaber, Edwin, Zelienople, Pa. 
 
 Meighan, John A., Dawson Bros. & Meighan, 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Melville, G. E., Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia. 
 
 Melvin, Henry, Buhl Malleable Co., Detroit, 
 Mich. 
 
 Meriam, J. B., Bowler Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Merriman, M. W., Madison Avenue Foundry 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Meyers, R. C, Stark Foundry Co., Canton. O. 
 
 Michel, Wm. J., Tarrant Foundry Co., Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 Miers, Alfred, Walkerville Malleable Iron Co., 
 Walkerville, Ont. 
 
 Millard, A. C. Taplin Rice Co., Akron, O. 
 
 Miller, B. A., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Miller, Chas. T., Medina Foundry Co., Medina, 
 O. 
 
 Miller, C. M., Superior Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Miller, H. S., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Mills, H. E., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Mills, J., Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Mills, J. F., Abendroth Bros., New York City. 
 
 Moore, T. H., Republic Belting & Supply Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Mohr, G. P., W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Moldenke, Dr. Richard, Sec'y. American 
 Foundrymen's Association, Watchung, N. T. 
 
 Molder, H. M., The Best Foundry Co., Bed- 
 ford, O. 
 
 Mollen, James F., The Variety Iron Works Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Montague, Ceo. C, Norton Emery Wheel Co., 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Morton, James N., Monarch Engineering & 
 Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 Moody, R. C, Cleveland Wire Spring Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Moore, V. A., Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Morcon, J. H., Colorado Iron Works Co., Den- 
 ver, Colo. 
 
 Morgan, Thos. J., Standard Sand & Mach. Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Morgan, W. J., Winton Motor Carriage Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Morrison, E. A., Fremont, O. 
 
 Mott, A. C. Jr., Abram Cox Stove Co.. Phila- 
 delphia. 
 
 Mumford, E. H., The E. H. Mumford Co., 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 Murphy, James A., Interstate Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Murphy, W. C, New Brighton, Pa. 
 
 Needham, Wm., Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Neuert, Otto H., Kilby Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Newmann, Philip, Interstate Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Newbold, Sidney, Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Nicholls, W. H., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Noll, Wm., The Wm. Tod Co., Youngstown, 
 O. 
 
 Norstrand. H. P. O. Rathbone, Sard & Co., 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 
 Nusser, J. H., National Gear Wheel & Foundry 
 Co., Alleghenv, Pa. 
 
 N/uterzuter, C. H., Cleve'.and Chaplet & Mfg. 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Ober, A. M., Ober Mfg. Co., Chagrin Falls, O. 
 
 Oberhelman, Wm., Hill & Griffith Co., Cincin- 
 nati. 
 
 Oldfield, Hairy, Goulds Mfg. Co., Seneca 
 Falls. N. Y. 
 
 Olsen, C. O., Johnston & Jennings Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 O'Neil, J. P., Western Foundry Co., Chicago. 
 
 O'Neill. Thos., Filer & Stowell Co., Milwau 
 kee, Wis. 
 
 Ormrod, J. D., Donaldson Iron Co.. Emaus 
 Pa. 
 
 Ott, Chas., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., Cleve 
 land. 
 
 Osborn, T. W., Walworth Run Foundry Co. 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Paehlke, Otto F., Allyne Brass Foundry Co. 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Parry, Wm. H., National Meter Co., Brooklyn 
 N. Y. 
 
 Pattin, W. S., The Pattin Bros. Co., Marietta 
 O. 
 
 Paul, Richard, Medina Foundry Co., Medina 
 O. 
 
 Peebles. R. P., Turner, Vaughan & Taylor Co. 
 Cuyahoga Falls, O. 
 
 Penton, Tohn A., Cleveland. 
 
 Perkins. F. N., Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111 
 
 Perrine, W. A., Abram Cox Stove Co., Phila 
 delphia. 
 
 Peters, M. W., Madison Avenue Foundry Co 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Pickands, J. M., Pickands, Mather & Co., Cleve 
 land. 
 
 Pickup, G. E., Wehrle Stove Co., Newark, O 
 
 Pigott, Thomas E., Pigott, Mead & Co., Cleve 
 land. 
 
 Pinney, H. H„ Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Power, R. E., editor Boating, Cleveland. 
 
 Price. W. A., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland 
 
 Pridmore, E. A., Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago 
 
 Pridmore, H. A., Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago 
 
 Pridmore, Henry E., Chicago. 
 
 Putnam, W. P., Detroit Testing Laboratory 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Quinn, Hugh T., Eaton, Cole & Burnham Co. 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 Radigan, T. E., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve 
 land. 
 
 Ramp, H. M., General Electric Co., Schenec 
 tady N. Y. 
 
 Ramp, P. R., Murray Iron Works Co., West 
 Burlington, la. 
 
 Ranney, H. P., American Ship Building Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Rathbone, J. A., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Rath. C. J., The Fulton Foundry, Cleveland. 
 
 Reddington, P., Silver Mfg. Co., Salem, O. 
 
 Redmond. Geo. F., Interstate Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Reese, John, Falls Rivet & Machine Co., Cuya- 
 hoga Falls. O. 
 
 Reid, D., Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamil- 
 ton, Ont. 
 
 Reilly, James, Westinghouse Mfg. Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Richardson, W. G., Allis Chalmers Co., Mil- 
 waukee, Wis. 
 
 Riddell, W. A., Sharon Foundry Co., Sharon, 
 Pa. 
 
 Ring, R. H., Cortlandt Corundum Wheel Co., 
 Cortlandt, N. Y. 
 
 Roche. Thos., National Car Wheel Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Rodgers, T. A., Western Foundry Supply Co., 
 East St. Louis, 111. 
 
 Roedell, Wm. A., Kennedy Valve & Mfg. Co., 
 Coxsackie, N. Y. 
 
 Roseberry, W. J., Municipal Engineering & Con- 
 tracting Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Ross, T. W., Landis Tool Co., Waynesboro, 
 Pa. 
 
 Rouse, R., The Boynton Furnace Co., Jersey 
 City, N. J. 
 
 Ruthenberg, Gus, Allyne Brass Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Rutson. W., Buckeye Sand Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 Ryan, D. J., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Sands, Tames, Superior Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Sargent, W. P., N/:ies Tool Works, Hamilton, 
 
 6. 
 
 Saveland, Harry, Acme Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Scheel, M. J., The W. S. Tyler Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Scheen, D. J., Interstate Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Schilling, Joseph, Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co., 
 New Britain, Conn. 
 
 Schlichte, George, Falls Rivet & Mach. Co., 
 Cuyahoga Falls, O. 
 
i 3 6 
 
 Those in Attendance, 
 
 Schoenberger, W. J., United Brass Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Schowe, H. G., Bowler Foundry Co., Cleveland 
 
 Schreiber, Wm. A., Schreiber & Sons Co., Cin 
 cinnati. 
 
 Schwab, J., Skinner Engine Co., Erie, Pa. 
 
 Schwarzenberg, H. L., Waterbury Crucible Co. 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Schwoerer, F. C, Acme Foundry Co., Cleve 
 land. 
 
 Scofield, Lane, The Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadel 
 phia. 
 
 Scott, Arthur, Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co. 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Scoville. F. S., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse. 
 N. Y. 
 
 Seaman, J. S., Seaman-Sleeth Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 Seedhouse, Edwin, Falls Rivet & Machine Co. 
 Cuyahoga Falls, O. 
 
 Seelbach, Charles, Forest City Foundry, Cleve 
 land. 
 
 Seidler, Wm., Jarecki Mfg. Co., Erie. Pa. 
 
 Shaver, G. N., Crystal Fluor Spar Mining Co. 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Shed, N. W., The Buffalo Foundry Co., Buf- 
 falo, N. Y. 
 
 Shennan. W. J., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethle- 
 hem, Pa. 
 
 Sherwin, Edward J., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan 
 Co., Akron, O. 
 
 Sherwood, Chas., Republic Belting & Supply 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Sinclair, D. G., Illinois Steel Co., South Chi 
 cago, 111. 
 
 Skiff, Warner, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg, 
 Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 Skully, W. C, Smith & Anthony Co., Boston 
 Mass. 
 
 Sleeth. S. D., Westinghouse Air Brake Co. 
 Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Slocum, A. W., Dickson Car Wheel Co., Hous 
 ton, Texas. 
 
 Sly, W. C, Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Sly, W. W., Sly Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Smart, George Editor The Iron Trade Re- 
 viezv, Cleveland. 
 
 Smith. C. T., Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Smith, F. G., Osborn Mfg. Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Smith, F. N., S. R. Dresser Mfg. Co., Brad- 
 ford, Pa. 
 
 Smith, I. S., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Smith. P. C, Ingersoll-Rand Co., Phillips- 
 burg, N. J. 
 
 Smith, P. G., J. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Smith, Wm., Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Smith, W. H., Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Somerwill, W. J., Palmers & DeMooy Foun- 
 dry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Southcourt, H. P., Holland Linseed Oil Co., 
 Chicago. 
 
 Sords, j. F.. Interstate Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Stadelman, W. A., Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Starcher, J. H.. William Dobson, Pittsburg. 
 
 Steinfurth, J. C, Cascade Foundry Co., Erie, 
 Pa. 
 
 Stephenson, B. S., The Iron Trade Review, 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Stevens, Frederic B., Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Stoddard, T. D., The Detroit Testing Co., De- 
 troit, Mich. 
 
 Stone, Bert, Walworth Run Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Stone, H. H., Penna. R. R., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 Strangward, Wm., Forest City Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Strangward, P., Forest City Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Stratton, Dr. S. W., Director National Bureau 
 of Standards, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Strehler, Alfred, Clemens Const. Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Streich, E. F., Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Stutz, Ernest, Goldschmidt Thermit Co., New 
 York. 
 
 Sweeney, A. J., Corrigan, McKinney & Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Sweeney, M. J., Interstate Sand Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Swift, Chas. C, City Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Ten Winkel, W. A., Electric Controller & Sup- 
 ply Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Thompson, W. R., Interstate Sand Co., Detroit, 
 Mich. 
 
 Thomas, D. J., Sterritt Thomas Foundry Co., 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Thorner, Justus, The S. Obermayer Co., Cin- 
 cinnati. 
 
 Thrasher, G. M. Jr., Western Tube Co., Ke- 
 wanee, 111. 
 
 Tidball, R., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Tingle, A. R., The American Sand Co., Co- 
 lumbus, O. 
 
 Titus, T., Titus Foundry, Coldwater, Mich. 
 
 Tobien, R. C, The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Tolmie, R. C, Lobdell Car Wheel Co., Wil- 
 mington, Del. 
 
 Towns, F. T., Pittsburg Valve & Fittings Co., 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Towers, J. F., Tenn. Coal, Iron & R. R. Co., 
 Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 Trabue, W. D., Phillips & Buttorff Mfg. Co., 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Trenkamp, John, The Ohio Foundry Co., Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Troegele, Chas., Walworth Run Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Troy, Andy, The Interstate Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Turnney, P. J. F., Turnney Copper & Bronze 
 Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Turnbull, R. E., Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago. 
 
 Urwin, J. W., Massillon Sand & Stone Co., 
 Massillon, O. 
 
 Vetterlein, John, Chisholm & Moore Mfg. Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Wadsworth, J. L., The Penton Publishing Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Wadsworth, Geo. W., Falls Rivet & Machine 
 Co., Cuyahoga Falls, O. 
 
 Wainwright, W, Falls Rivet & Machine Co., 
 Cuyahoga Falls, O. 
 
 Waite, Geo. E., Ober Mfg. Co., Chagrin Falls, 
 O. 
 
 Waite, Geo. W., Friction Pulley & Machine 
 Works, Sandy Hill, N. Y. 
 
 Wagner, L. G., Acme Foundry Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Walda, Wm. C, Central Foundry Co., Fort 
 Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Wales, A., Russell Engine Co., Massillon, O. 
 
 Wallis, W. R., The American Machinist, New 
 York City. 
 
 Walton, Geo., Madison Avenue Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Wathey, Arthur, Allyne Brass Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Wathey, T., Macbeth Iron Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Watters, T., Western Foundry Co., Chicago. 
 
 Weaver, George H., Dominion Foundry & Sup- 
 ply Co., Montreal, Can. 
 
 Webb, J. F., L. S. & M. S. R. R., Elkhart, Ind. 
 
 Webster, T. R., C. E. Mills Oil Co., Syracuse, 
 N. Y. 
 
 Webster, J. H., Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Wegat, Art., The Ohio Foundry, Cleveland. 
 
 Weidler, E. V., Oil Well Supply Co., Oil City, 
 Pa. 
 
 Weirich, S. R.. Myers & Gardner, Massillon, 
 O. 
 
 Wennick, A. B., Walworth Run Foundry Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 West, Ralph D., Cleveland. 
 
 West, Thos. D., Pres. American Foundrymen's 
 Association, Sharpsville, Pa. 
 
 White, Frank C, White Tool & Supply Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 White, J., C. H. & D. R. R., Lima, O. 
 
 Wieman, Wm., Robert Field Sales Agency, 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 Wilkins, Geo. W., The Erie Foundry Co., Erie, 
 
 Pa. 
 Wilkinson, S., Abendroth & Root, Newburg, N. 
 
 William, A. T., Enterprise Mfg. Co., Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 Williams, R. D., The Marine Review, Cleve- 
 land. 
 
 Williams, L. A. Jr., Atlas Car & Mfg. Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Wilson, H., Rogers, Brown & Co., Cleveland. 
 
Souvenirs. 
 
 137 
 
 SOME OF THE SOUVENIRS. 
 
138 
 
 Souvenirs. 
 
 Wilson, J. J., The Cadillac Motor Car Co., 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Wilson, Wm. M., Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit, 
 Mich. 
 
 Winlock, T. P., Barbour-Stockwell Co., Cam- 
 bridge, Mass. 
 
 Wooden, P. M., Reeves & Co., Columbus, Ind. 
 
 Woodison, E. J., Detroit Foundry Supply Co., 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Wright, W. B., Youngstown, O. 
 
 Wright, Henry, Otis Elevator Co.. Cleveland. 
 
 Yagle, Wm., Yagle Mfg. Co., Pittsburg. 
 
 York, R. H., Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland. 
 
 Young, J., Penna R. R., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 Zilles, P. C, Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Co., 
 Cleveland. 
 
 Zimmers, F. H., Union Foundry & Machine Co., 
 Pittsburg. 
 
 CONVENTION SOUVENIRS. 
 
 The convention this year was marked 
 by an unusually fine line of souvenirs. 
 The Osborn Mfg. Co., of Cleveland, 
 gave a box containing a clothes brush. 
 On the back of the brush was the ad- 
 vertisement of the Osborn Mfg. Co., 
 maker of foundry supplies, Economy 
 wire wheels, and all kinds of brushes 
 for foundry and platers' use. Upon 
 the outside of the box was a statement 
 that the brush was given at the conven- 
 tion of the American Foundrymen's 
 Association, June, 1906. 
 
 The Hill & Griffith Co., of Cincin- 
 nati, O., gave a very pretty metal 
 plaque, with a picture of a girl sur- 
 rounded by a border of lilies upon it. 
 The plaque was arranged to be sup- 
 ported in a vertical position in a wire 
 holder. 
 
 E. A. Dempwolf & Sons, of York, 
 Pa., presented the members with a 
 numerical mind reader for telling any- 
 one's age, which consisted of a number 
 of cards cut in such a way that when 
 the ones containing the age were prop- 
 erly assemhled the age could be read 
 upon the face. 
 
 The Interstate Sand Co., of Cleve- 
 land, gave away two souvenirs, one of 
 which was a pocket book with a long 
 pocket for bills and several small 
 pockets for cards, and also a leather 
 match safe with a small pocket for 
 street car tickets and a piece of sand 
 paper protected by a leather flap. 
 
 The C. E. Mills Oil Co., of Syracuse, 
 N. Y., gave away the most striking 
 novelty of the convention in the form 
 of a trick match box, which was so ar- 
 
 ranged with a false bottom and lock 
 that when in one position it would 
 Open so as to show the matches and 
 in another position would show on'/ 
 an empty box. Upon the outside of 
 the box was printed. "You cannot f.nd 
 a match for Mills' No. 1 and Lo. a 
 Dry Core Compound, or Syracuse 
 X-XX-XXX core oil." 
 
 The W. W. Lindsay Mfg. Co., of 
 Philadelphia, gave a very neat paper 
 weight in the shape of a tinned chap- 
 let with the firm's name stamped on 
 the head. 
 
 "Uncle Billy," of the Garden City 
 Sand Co., Chicago, presented his 
 friends with a fountain pen, which was 
 appreciated by all the recipients. 
 
 Mr. Chas. J. Caley, of the Russell & 
 Erwin Mfg. Co., New Britain, Conn., 
 presented the ladies of the party on 
 the day of the boat ride with a very 
 pretty bronze souvenir paper cutter, 
 which was presented in a box lined 
 with plush. 
 
 The Standard Sand & Machine Co., 
 of Cleveland, made those who visited 
 this exhibit happy by presenting them 
 with a neat little wallet for change. 
 
 Knowing the propensities of many of 
 the foundrymen for forgetting their 
 location after an evening's pleasure, 
 Jimmie Smith, of the J. D. Smith 
 Foundry Supply Co., Cleveland, se- 
 lected as a suitable gift for his friends 
 an initial watch fob which was very 
 neatly gotten up. Upon the front 
 there is an enameled initial letter of 
 the receiver and on the back the state- 
 ment that it is presented with the com- 
 pliments of the J. D. Smith Foundry 
 Supply Co. 
 
 The Western Foundry Supply Co., 
 of East St. Louis, 111., gave sample 
 bags containing ground 80 per cent fer- 
 ro-manganese, each sample being- 
 enough for a fair trial in a small ladle 
 of iron. 
 
 The Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 
 had prepared and cast a series of paper 
 weights which were molded on the 
 Berkshire machine. Upon the upper 
 face of the paper weight is a relief pic- 
 ture of the Berkshire molding ma- 
 chine. 
 
oouvenirs. 
 
 J 39 
 
 The Norton Emery Wheel Co., of 
 Worcester, -Mass., presented a leather 
 match safe with a place for striking 
 the matches under the flap. 
 
 Wm. Dobson, of Canastota, N. Y., 
 manufacturer of molders' tools, dis- 
 tributed a six-inch aluminum rule with 
 his advertisement stamped upon it. 
 
 Some of the most important gifts, 
 however, were along the smoking line. 
 The W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., of Cleveland, 
 presented its friends with an alumi- 
 num cigar case, containing three good 
 smokes. 
 
 The Falls Rivet & Machine Co., of 
 
 The U. S. Graphite Co., of Saginaw, 
 Mich., distributed pencils made from 
 its Mexican mine graphite. 
 
 The Buckeye Milling Co., Cleveland, 
 O., distributed pound bags of Wago 
 core compound and also large wall cal- 
 endars. 
 
 Henry E. Pridmore, Chicago, manu- 
 facturer of the "Pridmore" molding 
 machines, is known for the handsome 
 souvenirs he distributes at the conven- 
 tions of the American Foundrymen's 
 Association. This year, his remem- 
 brance is a most useful one from a 
 man's standpoint. It is a beautiful 
 
 A FEW OF THE SOUVENIRS. 
 
 Cuyahoga Falls, O., presented all of 
 the members at the smoker with a 
 cigar pouch containing four first-class 
 cigars. Upon the front of the case 
 was the statement: "These sample 
 cores were made on the Wadsworth 
 improved core machine by the Falls 
 Rivet & Machine Co., engineers, ma- 
 chinists and founders, of Cuyahoga 
 Falls, O." 
 
 The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co. 
 presented the guests at the smoker 
 with a high-grade corn cob pipe, while 
 the local committee handed out a sou- 
 venir bag of tobacco, a souvenir beer 
 stein and cigars banded with A. F. A. 
 and A. F. F. 
 
 French briar pipe, with amber mouth- 
 piece. The bowl is highly polished, 
 the rim and neck being surrounded 
 with solid gold bands. It is a costly 
 gift, and one that will be highly ap- 
 preciated by every recipient. It is not 
 a large pipe, nor a heavy one, and it 
 can be held in the mouth or carried 
 in the pocket without any inconveni- 
 ence to the user. A leather case goes 
 with each pipe. 
 
 The Goldschmidt Thermit Co., of 
 New York city, distributed a mem- 
 orandum pad which was bound in 
 leather and contained sheets of paper 
 for memoranda which were secured by 
 
140 
 
 The New President. 
 
 the corners as shown in the accom- 
 panying illustration. 
 
 The Diamond Clamp & Flask Co., of 
 Richmond, Ind., distributed a looking 
 glass in a celluloid frame, upon the 
 back of which there was a picture of 
 Mr. Gartside's new Universal core ma- 
 chine, being operated by a pretty girl. 
 
 J. Frank Dye, of the Newport Sand 
 Bank Co., of Newport, Ky., left a sweet 
 memory behind him by distributing 
 small sachet bags. He said that they 
 were guaranteed to always smell just 
 as sweet, provided you kept enough 
 perfumery in them. 
 
 The Buckeye Milling Co., of Cleve- 
 land, distributed a celluloid envelope 
 opener, with an advertisement of the 
 Superior core flour printed upon the 
 back. 
 
 In this connection we cannot help 
 but call attention to the fact that bring- 
 ing the entertainment features of the 
 convention into the hands of the newly 
 formed supply men's association will 
 have a tendency to reduce the grab- 
 bing of souvenirs by parties who have 
 no right to them and of repeating on 
 the part of many of the souvenir hunt- 
 ers. This matter, however, is men- 
 tioned more fully in another part of 
 this issue. 
 
 W. H. McFADDEN, PRESIDENT 
 OF THE AMERICAN FOUN- 
 DRYMEN'S ASSOCIA- 
 TION. 
 
 W. H. McFadden, newly elected 
 president of the American Foundry- 
 men's Association, is one of the best 
 known and most popular manufactur- 
 ers in the country. He is vice presi- 
 dent and general manager of Mackin- 
 tosh, Hemphill & Co., of Pittsburg, 
 and his entire career in the iron and 
 steel business has been in connection 
 with this company. 
 
 Mr. McFadden is a self-made man, 
 who, by native ability and steady appli- 
 cation, advanced himself from machin- 
 ist apprentice to general manager of one 
 of the largest concerns of its kind in 
 the country. For many years he has 
 been actively identified with the Na- 
 tional Founders' Association as chair- 
 
 man of the third district and has served 
 on its administrative council and as- 
 sisted in this capacity in concluding 
 successfully many of its most impor- 
 tant conferences between that associa- 
 tion and the molders' union. He was 
 also president of the Pittsburg Man- 
 ufacturers' Association in 1905 and 
 president of the Pittsburg Foundry- 
 men's Association the same year. Un- 
 der Mr. McFadden's supervision, ma- 
 chinery for the following plants was 
 built and erected: Ashland Steel Co., 
 Bellaire Steel Co., Benwood Steel 
 
 
 ^^JRi 
 
 R* 
 
 f j» '^Fwm 
 
 K f 
 
 
 
 l^H 
 
 
 
 
 if **lm 
 
 W. H. MCFADDEN, PRESIDENT THE A. F. A. 
 
 Works, Bethlehem Steel Co., Colorado 
 Fuel & Iron Co., Duquesne Steel 
 Works, Edgar Thomson Steel Works. 
 Jefferson Iron Works, Hainsworth Steel 
 Co., Homestead Steel Works, Jones & 
 Laughlin Steel Co., Junction Steel 
 & Iron Co., Joliet Steel Works, 
 King, Gilbert & Warner Co., Troy 
 Steel Co., Lackawanna Steel Co., Mary- 
 land Steel Co., National Tube Co., and 
 its different plants, Passaic Rolling 
 Mill Co., Phoenix Iron Co., Eastern 
 Steel Co., Park Brothers & Co., Ports- 
 mouth Steel Co., Riverside Iron Works, 
 Roane Iron Co., Spang, Chalfant & 
 
Vice Presidents, 
 
 141 
 
 C. J. CALEYj VICE PRESIDENT THE FIRST 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 Co., Schoenberger Steel Co., Shenan- 
 go Valley Steel Co., Cambria Steel Co., 
 Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Worces- 
 
 J. KEEP, VICE PRESIDENT THE FIFTH 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 ter Steel Works, New York State Steel 
 Co., Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. 
 and Millikin Bros. 
 
 In April, 1888, Mr. McFadden 
 
 JOHN W. BURR, VICE PRESIDENT THE SECOND 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 JOHN HILL WHITING, VICE PRESIDENT THE 
 FOURTH DISTRICT. 
 
142 
 
 A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures, 
 
 started as a general apprentice in the 
 machine shop and drawing room of 
 Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., Ltd., 
 pattern shop. Eager to master his 
 and served time in the foundry and 
 chosen profession, Mr. McFadden, by- 
 over time and Sunday work, served 
 one year and five months additional 
 apprenticeship, or during his three 
 years' term by this means served four 
 years and five months. In 1891, before 
 he had finished his apprenticeship, Mr. 
 McFadden was sent by his company to 
 
 L. L. ANTHES, VICE PRESIDENT THE EIGHTH 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 superintend the construction of the 
 Ashland Steel Co.'s plant at Ashland, 
 Ky., and in 1892, returned and finished 
 his time in the shops. 
 
 In 1893, he was made foreman of the 
 open-hearth steel department of Mack- 
 intosh, Hemphill & Co., Ltd., and held 
 this position one year, when, in 1894, 
 he was made general superintendent 
 of the whole plant. In 1895, while act- 
 ing as superintendent of the plant, he 
 assumed the additional duties of super- 
 intending the building of the Star tin 
 plate plant, including both buildings 
 and machinery. In 1896, Mr. McFad- 
 den was made assistant manager of 
 Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co., and held 
 
 this position until 1902, when, under 
 the partial reorganization of the com- 
 pany, and the retirement of Mr. Hemp- 
 hill, he was made vice president and 
 general manager, which position he 
 still holds. 
 
 Mr. McFadden is a tireless worker 
 and in connection with his election as 
 president of the American Foundry- 
 men's Association, he said he is going 
 to put forth every effort to make this 
 year the greatest in the history of the 
 organization. 
 
 A PLEA FOR LOWER BLAST 
 
 PRESSURES IN CUPOLA 
 
 AND AIR FURNACES. 
 
 BY WILLIAM H. COLEMAN, CHICAGO, ILL. 
 
 Within the remembrance of our 
 older foundrymen there was a time 
 when blast pressures of 22 to 24 ounces 
 at the wind box and in the supply pipe 
 to the cupola were deemed necessary 
 to melt iron and to make good cast- 
 ings. Although considerable changes 
 have been made, tending to increase 
 the capacity and economy of cupola 
 practice, yet some foundrymen adhere 
 to what may be termed high blast 
 pressures. 
 
 Modern practice calls for greater 
 height of charging doors from bottom 
 of cupola, larger wind box and greater 
 tuyere area, together with larger pipe 
 for air supply. Formerly where coal 
 was used in cupolas, the fuel ratios 
 predominating were as high as six 
 and five to one, and the total tuyere 
 area ranged down to as low as 10 per 
 cent of the area of the cross section 
 of the inside lining of the cupola. 
 
 In those days even with the high 
 blast pressures then used, clogging of 
 the tuyeres was quite commonly ob- 
 served. In a cupola of 48-inch diam- 
 eter inside the lining, we would have a 
 cross section of 1809.56 inches. The 
 area of the tuyeres would equal about 
 seven per cent of this or 126.66 square 
 inches. In order to force the required 
 amount of air through this restricted 
 area, a comparatively high pressure 
 of at least 16 to 18 ounces was re- 
 quired, but by doubling this tuyere 
 area either by putting in more tuyeres 
 or having them larger, up to 20 or 
 
A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures 
 
 H3 
 
 even 25 per cent of the cross section 
 of the inside diameter of cupola, a 
 lower blast pressure can be used, the 
 volume of air remaining the same. 
 Table No. 1 clearly indicates the rapid 
 increase in friction resulting from 
 higher velocities. It is a convincing 
 argument in favor of large areas and 
 low velocities. This table is from a 
 catalog of the B. F. Sturtevant Co., 
 and is for pipes 100 feet long. 
 
 In order to get a large volume of air 
 through restricted tuyere area the blast 
 pressures must be correspondingly 
 high. The prominent cupola builders 
 recognize that enlarged tuyere area is 
 an advantage, but some of them con- 
 tinue to recommend higher blast pres- 
 sures than are commonly used among 
 the best informed cupola managers. The 
 substitution of coke for coal, as a fuel, 
 seems to make larger volumes of air 
 necessary, and the soft by-product 
 coke, while having the properties of an 
 ideal cupola fuel, must be mixed with 
 the harder cokes, and requires more 
 oxygen than the hard cokes of the 
 east, and therefore more air to make 
 it melt iron rapidly. 
 
 Recent changes in methods of charg- 
 ing the cupola, and the better attention 
 which the makers have given to teach- 
 ing foundrymen how to use by-product 
 coke have brought about better fuel 
 ratios and other improved conditions. 
 
 TABLE 
 Type. R. P. M. 
 
 Sturtevant Steel Pressure Blower 1,618 
 
 Sturtevant "Monogram" Blower 780 
 
 It is now undoubtedly the best prac- 
 tice to use lower blast pressures to 
 such a point as the consequent lower 
 capacity will admit of. It is, of course, 
 agreed that if capacity only is to be 
 considered, then the higher blast pres- 
 sure must be employed. 
 High and Low Blast Pressures for Air 
 Furnaces. 
 
 In speaking of this subject here I 
 do so for the reason that many mem- 
 bers of this association operate both 
 the cupola and the air furnace. I find 
 the air furnace operators are greater 
 sinners in regard to high blast pres- 
 sures than the cupola men. 
 
 The correct volume and blast pressure 
 •for air furnace work depends upon the 
 rate of coal consumption on the grate 
 per square foot per hour and the qual- 
 ity of coal used. Heed should be paid 
 to whether the coal is heaped high on 
 the grate and whether or not the fur- 
 nace is crowded. 
 
 The air supply pipes under the grates 
 and those for the top blast should be 
 of ample size and fitted without abrupt 
 curves or elbows. In this way low 
 blast pressures may be utilized, and 
 consequently considerable power may 
 be saved, as is shown in the following 
 table which compares the steel pres- 
 sure blower having small volumetric 
 capacity, with the low pressure fan 
 having large capacity at a lower pressure. 
 
 It is quite evident that the low pres- 
 sure type of fan is the more economi- 
 cal for air furnace work. 
 
 I believe that in an air furnace un- 
 der proper working conditions there 
 is little reason for the down blast 
 through small thimbles to support 
 combustion where the volumes and 
 velocities of the air under the grates 
 are proportionally arranged. If the 
 thimbles are enlarged up to at least 
 three inches diameter in the eight-ton 
 furnace, and at least four inches di- 
 ameter in the ten-ton furnace and are 
 fitted to a supply pipe with a funnel or 
 gradual taper, and if they are of suffici- 
 
 NO II. 
 
 Air 
 Pressure. per min. 
 Dia. Wheel. Ounces. cubic feet. H. P. 
 41-J4 in- 13 3,760 20.S 
 
 40 in. 2.5 10,600 12.0 
 
 ent number, they will offer very little 
 frictional resistance to the air. If all 
 these conditions are fully met there 
 will cease to be any reason for high 
 velocities or high pressures of air in 
 this type of furnace. You can blow 
 more of a flame down by four thimbles 
 of 3-inch diameter at two ounces pres- 
 sure than with five thimbles of i^-inch 
 diameter at six ounces pressure because 
 the combined thimble or tuyere area is 
 greater. 
 
 To pass ioo cubic feet of air per 
 minute through a pipe whose diameter is 
 2*/2 inches, requires an air velocity of 
 
i 4 4 
 
 A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures. 
 
 
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A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures. 
 
 H5 
 
 3,000 feet per minute. While through 
 a 4-inch pipe with a velocity of 2,300 
 feet per minute, double the amount of 
 air may be passed. 
 
 The experience of our fan engineers, 
 (fan engineering is now recognized as 
 a distinct and special line of engineer- 
 ing) show that 200 to 300 cubic feet 
 of air is required to burn 1 lb. of coal, 
 and that the pressures should be i£4 
 to 2^4 ounces under the grate for air fur- 
 nace work. Assume 20 to 40 pounds coal 
 per square foot of grate and allow 15 to 
 25 per cent additional air for the down 
 blast, and make openings and pipes of 
 ample area, letting the air for down 
 blast be supplied at same pressure as 
 that below the grates. Under this change 
 of conditions from high velocities of air 
 through small thimbles, some of your 
 air furnace tenders will complain of 
 not getting enough pressure. Strange, 
 they never complain of "not getting 
 enough air." They seem to think that 
 if the air with its high velocity rush- 
 ing through the small orifices "whis- 
 tles," everything is all right. Now, 
 this is one of those "whistles" that 
 comes high. If you must have air 
 and plenty of it in your down blast, 
 make your openings large and use the 
 proper type of fan: The volume fan 
 and not the cupola fan. 
 
 "The introduction of this down blast 
 throws the flame over on to the iron 
 in the bath," says our air furnace man. 
 It seems to me that the use of this 
 down blast at high pressure is one of 
 the reasons why the ratio of fuel to 
 metal is 60 per cent instead of 30 per 
 cent, which is at least the theoretical 
 ratio. Some of our largest makers of 
 gray iron castings have been frightened 
 away from using the air furnace to melt 
 pig iron by reason of its high fuel con- 
 sumption. 
 
 The air furnace is subject to great 
 wear and tear; this can undoubtedly be 
 lessened, as in the cupola, by using 
 low pressures. 
 
 I am inclined to think that if there 
 is a sufficiency of air under the grates, 
 and if the air spaces in the grates are 
 proportioned properly, the combus- 
 tion will be all that is required. The 
 introduction of cold air beyond the 
 
 bridge wall tends to cool off the gases 
 of combustion and interferes very 
 materially with the draft through the 
 stack. We know from our laboratory 
 experiments with a Bunsen burner, in 
 mixing gas and air for a heating flame, 
 that cold air will not mix readily with 
 heated gas; when the gas gives up its 
 heat to the air and it in turn becomes 
 heated, then they will mix and burn 
 without smoke or soot. 
 
 Manner ofj^finj 
 Pjpe<s far Down ■ • 
 JiJajIforAjr- ■ • 
 furnace. .-'- . 
 
 Blast Pipes for an Air Furnace. 
 Among the many foundrymen, who, 
 under the direction of their metallurgi- 
 cal chemists, have been reducing their 
 pressures from time to time, it is a 
 significant fact that a company in Chi- 
 cago, operating probably the largest 
 number of cupolas as well as the larg- 
 est in size of any known to me, is 
 one of the firmest believers in low 
 blast pressures. In one of their many 
 plants they are using two cupolas of 
 
146 
 
 A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures, 
 
 84 inches inside diameter, and a centri- 
 fugal fan blower to give 24,000 cubic 
 feet of air per minute at 12 ounces pres- 
 sure, in the wind box. Another of the 
 largest firms in this country is using six 
 to eight ounces in two 72-inch cupolas, 
 and with positive blowers. 
 
 The position and shape of the tuy- 
 eres sometimes play a part in the 
 proper distribution of the blast, and 
 their height should be determined with 
 due regard to the character of the 
 work done and the charging of the 
 cupola should be changed accordingly. 
 For heavy castings the tuyeres should 
 be higher than for light castings, and 
 for stove castings a very low position 
 of tuyeres is advisable, as the melting 
 is practically continuous. 
 
 While I am an advocate of low pres- 
 sure in cupolas for the reasons above 
 stated, I am not an advocate of scanty 
 volume or supply of air. Many foundry- 
 men are using blowers far below the 
 required capacity in volume; there- 
 fore they are compelled to speed up 
 their blowers in order to get the neces- 
 sary volume, thereby getting, incident- 
 ally, higher pressures than are essen- 
 tial to do the work, w'th poor results 
 in their products, together with rapid 
 destruction of cupola lining. This is 
 undoubtedly one of the most impor- 
 tant reasons for existence of high pres- 
 sures in many foundries. High pres- 
 sures give a greater melting capacity 
 for a given size cupola, but better re- 
 sults at a less cost for power can cer- 
 tainly be obtained by using larger 
 cupolas with lower pressures and 
 larger volumes of air supplied through 
 enlarged tuyere area. Under some con- 
 ditions the desire for a high rate of 
 melting outweighs other considera- 
 tions and high pressures of blast must 
 be used. But a sure sign of engineer- 
 ing is a willingness to invest in large 
 and even expensive equipment if 
 thereby the earnings on the investment 
 can be increased. 
 
 Even with limited cupola capacity, 
 the loss in melting capacity at the 
 cupola with low pressures is often 
 more than made up in the machine 
 shop, by decreased cost in working up 
 the product, as low pressures produce 
 
 a soft casting easy to machine by rea- 
 son of less loss of silicon and mangan- 
 ese by oxidation. Higher strength for 
 the same reason is obtained under 
 low pressures, as has been proven by 
 government tests. 
 
 Combustion is never complete in a 
 cupola. It requires a certain amount 
 of oxygen to support combustion, and 
 volume is fundamentally far more es- 
 sential than pressure. 
 
 The action of the blast in the cupola 
 is to oxidize a small portion of the 
 carbon in the iron, and of the silicon 
 and manganese also. Per contra, the 
 iron absorbs some carbon from the 
 fuel, sometimes sufficient to more than 
 offset the loss by oxidation: not so 
 with silicon. This is oxidized in pro- 
 portion to the pressure or the inten- 
 sity of the flame. A sufficiency of sili- 
 con produces soft castings by pre- 
 venting- the formation of combined 
 carbon. Any increase of combined 
 carbon increases the hardness of the 
 castings. The oxidation of silicon and 
 manganese is all the way from five 
 per cent in the small cupolas to 20 
 per cent in the largest ones and pres- 
 sure has no doubt considerable influ- 
 ence in affecting its quantity. 
 
 Reports received from some of our 
 best foundrymen show what excellent 
 results may be obtained by using low 
 pressures of blast. These reports cover 
 experiences with both fan and posi- 
 tive blowers in connection with var- 
 ious classes of foundry work, from cast- 
 ings for heavy fly wheels, engine and 
 pump cylinders, stove work and cast- 
 ings, down to one-half ounce in weight. 
 A large number of those using positive 
 blowers are working under the lower 
 pressures. In order to change from 
 a high to a low pressure, of course 
 the question of volumes must be con- 
 sidered and the foundryman must ar- 
 range his iron mixtures and fuel ac- 
 cordingly. Sometimes he must also 
 change his manner of charging. But 
 it will pay him to do this and melt at 
 low pressures, unless, for instance, he 
 is making sash weights from sheet 
 metal scrap and old tin cans; or in 
 case the cupola output per hour is the 
 greatest consideration, or the castings 
 
A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures 
 
 147 
 
 require no machining, or their appear- 
 ance is of no consideration. 
 
 With the high pressures, extra loss 
 by oxidation of silicon and mangan- 
 ese is only compensated for by pur- 
 chasing the grades containing higher 
 amounts of silicon, i, e., paying more 
 for the iron by reason of rapid melt- 
 ing. 
 
 The iron as it conies from the spout 
 of the cupola is far above its melting 
 point. No definite rule can be given 
 for the temperature at which it should 
 be poured to meet the different re- 
 quirements of different kinds of work. 
 However, it is recognized that in 
 pouring for thin castings, particularly 
 those having small cores and thin pro- 
 jections, hot metal run slowly into the 
 molds is the best practice. Heavy 
 castings having few or no cores can 
 be poured much more rapidly and the 
 iron need not be so hot. 
 
 It is good practice, when making a 
 line of goods where duplication is pos- 
 sible, and where the daily requirements 
 are known, to arrange for hot iron and 
 rapid pouring. This can be done 
 when heats are long and practically 
 continuous, where temperatures and 
 fluidity can be run high. When I see 
 the modern car wheel foundryman 
 pouring hundreds of 700 pound car 
 wheels per day in chills. I often ask 
 myself, "Do the stove foundrymen 
 really know what hot iron is?" They 
 require at least two per cent 
 silicon in their castings, but 
 as you lower your rate of 
 silicon so you can raise the temper- 
 ature of pouring your metal. 
 
 Having discussed high and low 
 blast pressures in the cupola, let me 
 explain further by reference to tables 
 III and IV. 
 
 For high blast pressures in cupolas 
 we have the following capacities 
 shown in table III : 
 
 TABLE III. 
 
 CUPOLA CAPACITIES WITH HIGH BLAST PRESSURES. 
 
 Dia. inside lining Capacity per hour ounces, 
 
 in inches. tons melted. Pressure in 
 
 18 Va- Vz 8 
 
 23 V2 - 1 10 
 
 27 1-2 10 
 
 32 3-5 12 
 
 37 5-6 12 
 
 42 6-7 12 
 
 45 7-9 14 
 
 48 9-10 14 
 
 54 10 -12 14 
 
 60 12 - 14 16 
 
 66 14 -18 16 
 
 72 18 -21 16 
 
 78 21 -24 16 
 
 S4 24-27 17 
 
 For low blast pressures we have the 
 
 following capacities shown in table IV: 
 
 TABLE IV. 
 
 CUPOLA CAPACITIES WITH LOW BLAST PRESSURES. 
 
 Cupola inside Capacity for Pressure in 
 lining in inches. hour — tons. 
 18 
 
 23 
 30 
 35 
 37 
 42 
 45 
 48 
 54 
 60 
 66 
 72 
 78 
 84 
 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 10 
 12 
 16 
 19 
 21 
 
 - Va 
 
 - 3-Vz 
 
 - 4 
 
 - 5 
 
 - 6 
 
 - 7 
 
 - 8 
 
 - 9-y 2 
 
 - 12 
 
 - 15 
 
 - 18 
 
 - 22 
 -24 
 
 ounces. 
 5 - 7 
 5 - 7 
 6- 8 
 7 - 8 
 7 - 10 
 
 7 - 10 
 8- 10 
 
 8 - 10 
 
 9 - 10 
 10 - 12 
 10- 12 
 10 - 12 
 12- 14 
 12 - 14 
 
 I consider the pressures in table III 
 to be the maximum allowable or per- 
 missible for the best work, and they 
 insure the greatest melting capacity in 
 a given sized cupola. Very few 
 foundrymen, however, care to utilize 
 such high pressures as shown in table 
 III for several reasons: 
 
 First: — Because they find they can 
 get their required capacities at the 
 lower blast pressures by using larger 
 cupolas. 
 
 Second:— Because the cupola lining 
 will last longer under lower pressures. 
 
 Third: — Because oxidation of the sili- 
 con and manganese is greater under 
 high pressures. 
 
 Fourth:— Because the resultant cast- 
 ings are easier to machine when made 
 under the lower pressure. 
 
 Fifth : __ Because there is less slagging 
 under the lower pressure, owing to the 
 fact that you do r.ot force the cupola. 
 
 Sixth :— Because greater strength in 
 castings is obtained in melting at the 
 lower pressures, all other things being 
 
 eoual. 
 "Seventh:— Because the horsepower 
 
 required per ton melted is less at low 
 
 pressures than at high pressures. 
 
148 
 
 A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures. 
 
 Recapitulation. 
 
 Eighteen to twenty ounces might be 
 designated as extremely high pressures 
 in cupolas from 54 to 74 inches inside 
 diameter of lining, and these pressures 
 were formerly used with coal as fuel 
 and with small tuyere area. 
 
 Low pressure, good sand, dry molds 
 properly rammed and vented with 
 good facing mixtures, together with 
 reasonably hot metal having good 
 fluidity, will make the smoothest 
 castings. Having a lower per cent 
 of combined carbon makes the cast- 
 ings softer and easier to machine, ob- 
 tained more readily under pressures in- 
 dicated in table IV. 
 
 Referring to fifth reason: The lia- 
 bility to slag is often caused by the too 
 rapid passing of the blast through too 
 small tuyere openings — too high veloc- 
 ity, too great a pressure freezing the 
 metal near the tuyeres and producing 
 slag. Too small a volume of air at 
 these high pressures will not only 
 make much slag but cause the iron to 
 "hang" or "bridge" in cupola. The 
 pressures specified in table IV will 
 not produce as much slag per ton 
 metal, all other things being equal, 
 that is, quality of iron, flux, etc., as the 
 extremely high pressures indicated in 
 table III. 
 
 Referring to the sixth reason: The 
 present practice among foundrymen is 
 to buy coke and pig iron by analysis, 
 rather than by fracture, as was com- 
 monly done years ago. They now in 
 sist upon getting their iron and coke 
 low in sulphur. However coal, (hard- 
 ly ever used now), having a high per- 
 centage of sulphur, particularly when 
 melted in connection with pig iron 
 high in sulphur, and a large percentage 
 of very old, long exposed, inferior 
 scrap, together with a slow rate in 
 melting capacity, — slower than indi- 
 cated in table IV, — would produce con- 
 ditions most favorable to the absorp- 
 tion of sulphur in the casting; but with 
 coke and iron as now purchased, the 
 increased absorption of sulphur would 
 be hardly appreciable, due to the dif- 
 ference in melting capacities, as indi- 
 cated in tables III and IV. 
 
 The sulphur bugaboo, together with 
 
 the clogging up of tuyeres, has ceased 
 to be a terror to the foundryman who 
 knows his business. 
 
 Enlargement of Tuyeres. 
 
 While I have never seen a cupola 
 with too much tuyere area, I have 
 stated definitely a limit. The tuyere 
 is necessarily cut down considerably 
 during the heat, and unless you have 
 surplus tuyere area to start with, you 
 will find you are short in area during 
 the latter part of the heat. Our mod- 
 ern cupolas have greater tuyere area 
 than cupolas formerly made, but even 
 this is frequently enlarged to meet the 
 demands of increased melting capaci- 
 ties at lower blast pressures; particu- 
 larly when only the lower tuyeres are 
 utilized. 
 
 The Blast Gate. 
 
 I have found quite a number of 
 foundry foremen who do not vise the 
 blast gate. However for the very 
 reason that foundrymen do not gener- 
 ally appreciate its importance, I find 
 it desirable to speak of it. Unless a 
 man does use a blast gate while op- 
 erating a centrifugal fan with full vol- 
 ume capacity for cupola, he will not 
 be able to get exactly the same quality 
 of iron at all periods of the heat. Even 
 users of positive blowers are now in- 
 stalling regulating rheostats to control 
 pressure and volume of air blast dur- 
 ing the heat, where previously this 
 matter was not considered essential. 
 Absorption of Sulphur by Slag. 
 
 Low blast or pressure with sufficient 
 volume will give hot iron and good 
 fluidity. Many will say they get 
 good hot iron with good fluid- 
 ity at pressures lower than those 
 in table IV. On the other hand, a cast 
 steel company operating a positive 
 blower at 17 ounces with 72-inch in- 
 side diameter cupola, has been getting dull 
 iron, while their two neighbors, both 
 operating cupolas of the same size, 
 with practically the same size and 
 character of blowers, are doing good 
 work at very much lower pressures. A 
 company in South Bend, Ind., is mak- 
 . ing beautiful and intricate castings by 
 cheap labor and using pressures at 4 
 to six ounces in wind box, having reduced 
 from time to time (after a long ex- 
 
A Plea for Lower Blast Pressures 
 
 149 
 
 perience), from the higher pressures. 
 They are not troubled with any 
 sulphur. Other foundrymen have 
 been reducing their pressures under 
 the advice of their foundry chemists. 
 
 However, with pig irons and coke 
 high in sulphur, the rate of melting has 
 considerable to do with the amount 
 of sulphur that will be absorbed in 
 the castings. Fast melting permits 
 the iron to absorb but little sulphur 
 in comparison with slow melting, un- 
 der abnormally low pressures. This 
 possibly is one of the greatest argu- 
 ments for fast melting. 
 
 Horsepower Per Ton Melted. 
 
 If we assume the price of a horsepower 
 is $45 per year, the 30-ton heat will 
 cost only from $1.50 to $2. If we 
 assume the iron to be 2%c per pound of 
 casting, the cost of this power is 
 I-Toooth of one per cent of 
 the total cost of the iron 
 or 2]4 thousandths of a cent per 
 pound. Of course, if greater power is 
 
 TART. 
 Volume of air required 
 
 6 lbs. iron to 1 lb. coke 33,000 cu. 
 
 7 " " " " " " 31,000 
 S " " " " " " 29,000 
 9 " " " " " " 27,000 
 
 10 " " " " " " 25.000 
 
 used a larger motor will have to be 
 purchased, and the added expense of 
 installation is more than the added ex- 
 pense of operation. The amount of 
 power saved by more economical melt- 
 ing is small for one cupola, but in the 
 case of a certain large corporation, 
 operating a considerable number of 
 large cupolas for heats of six to eight 
 hours' duration, the difference in cost 
 of power between the high and low 
 pressures amounts to $25,000 per year, 
 in favor of lower pressure. 
 
 If larger cupolas with lower blast 
 pressures are used the same capacity 
 per hour may be obtained as with 
 smaller cupolas, and considerable 
 horsepower be saved in consequence 
 thereof. I do not mean to assume that 
 the amount of air may be indefinitely 
 increased by enlarging the tuyeres and 
 not increasing the pressure. This may 
 be done to a certain extent, but we 
 soon reach a point where the equiva- 
 
 lent area through the charge in the 
 cupola is less than the tuyeres. If we 
 take for instance two 84-inch cupolas to 
 which are to be supplied 24,000 cubic feet 
 of air per minute at a 10-ounce pressure, 
 we note from our table of the veloci- 
 ties that 216 square inches 
 area is required for the pas- 
 sage of 24,000 cubic feet of air 
 per minute. The combined tuyere area 
 of two 84-inch cupolas is 1,264 
 square inches, or about six 
 times the area required to 
 pass the stated amount of air at a ve- 
 locity due to a io-ounce pressure. In 
 other words, it is the resistance of the 
 charge which regulates the amount of 
 air which can be forced through the 
 cupola at given pressure by any type 
 of blower and not altogether the area 
 of the tuyeres, when these tuyeres are 
 of a size which will make their total 
 area larger than that which is required 
 to pass the requisite amount of air. 
 Just as increase of the tuyere area in 
 
 E V. 
 
 per ton of iron melted, 
 ft. of air per lir. per ton iron per hr. 
 
 The average is about 30,000. 
 
 a blast furnace would permit of a low 
 pressure blast being used, so certain 
 kinds of charges in cupolas require a 
 higher blast pressure to force the air 
 through them, regardless of any in- 
 crease in tuyere area. By this I do 
 not mean to belittle the importance of 
 the size, arrangement and position of 
 the tuyeres in the cupola. This is, as I 
 have said, of great importance, but I 
 think does not largely affect the vol- 
 ume when high pressure is used, par- 
 ticularly when obtained by means of 
 the displacement blower. 
 
 The pressure limits the volume car- 
 ried by any given pipe. In other words, 
 a 12-inch pipe will carry a 
 fixed volume of air at eight 
 ounces pressure, but a larger vol- 
 ume at same pressure requires a 
 larger pipe. It is therefore apparent 
 that increased tuyere area and properly 
 proportioned supply pipe and ample 
 area in wind box is desirable for low 
 
'5° 
 
 Discussion on Coke Tests. 
 
 pressure, when using the centrifugal 
 fan blower. Inversely, when tuyeres 
 are small, higher pressures are re- 
 quired to obtain the volume necessary, 
 and then a blower of the displacement 
 principle is required. 
 
 I find that the amount of air required 
 to melt a ton of metal per hour de- 
 pends principally upon the size of 
 cupola, the ratio of coke to metal 
 used in melting, the character of the 
 coke, and the manner of charging. In a 
 cupola, air is blown over the melted 
 metal, not through it; the oxidation of 
 carbon is slight and incidental, not 
 fundamental and complete, as in a con- 
 verter when air is blown through the 
 metal. The volumes in Table V are 
 approximately correct for air required 
 per ton melted per hour: 
 Conclusions. 
 
 Less pressure required for coke than 
 for coal. 
 
 More volume required for coke than 
 for coal. 
 
 Larger tuyere area required for coke 
 than for coal. 
 
 Coke more rapidly chilled by high 
 velocity or pressure. 
 
 Tuyeres and lining will not burn out 
 so quickly under the low blast pres- 
 sures. 
 
 Too much air will reduce the tem- 
 perature of the gases and retard com- 
 bustion, particularly when introduced 
 in top row of tuyeres. 
 
 The blast should be started at low 
 pressure, and increased up to the maxi- 
 mum pressure required during the heat. 
 The pressure should be lowered again 
 at the end of the heat, for the reason 
 that having less metal in cupola and 
 more space around it, oxidation of sili- 
 con in the iron and the consequent 
 hardening of the castings is prevented. 
 Choked tuyeres are prevented by hav- 
 ing large tuyere area with plenty of 
 volume at low pressure, good iron and 
 good fluxing. 
 
 Blast pressure is advisable, provided 
 the cupola is large enough to give the 
 required melting capacity, provided the 
 blast pressure is not reduced enough 
 to make melting unreasonably slow. 
 
 This paper would not be complete 
 without an expression of my sincere 
 thanks to the gentlemen who have so 
 willingly responded to my questions 
 concerning cupola performance. 
 
 DISCUSSION ON PAPER BY R. 
 
 MOLDENKE— COKE TESTS OF 
 
 U. S. GOVERNMENT. 
 
 In the discussion on my paper consid- 
 erable interest was manifested on the 
 point relating to the actual burning up 
 of the iron in some of the heats run 
 during the government coke tests. At 
 the time I stated that the very first heat 
 made burned up half of the iron charged, 
 this oxidizing and going into the slag. 
 Some doubt was also expressed as to 
 the ability on the part of the iron to do 
 this. Mr. Shed, afterwards, in reading 
 his paper on "Fluxes in the Cupola," con- 
 firmed my experience. 
 
 While in St. Louis a few weeks ago, 
 to start off the second series of gov- 
 ernment coke tests, I had the wind box 
 of the cupola that made this bad heat 
 cleaned out, and found in it. close to 
 the slag spout, some of the very slag 
 which foamed through the tuyeres, and 
 caused us to drop bottom only to find 
 1:0 more iron there to melt. This slag 
 was black and heavy, and on being 
 analyzed in the government laboratory 
 at the fuel testing plant, gave the fol- 
 lowing for iron and silica. 
 
 Analysis No. 3402. 
 
 Silica 30.33 per cent. 
 
 Iron 43-5° per cent. 
 
 which would seem to show that the iron 
 was going "back to nature" again. 
 
 Foundrymen have often noticed that 
 with improper charging and running 
 conditions, generally accidental, that 
 their iron would disappear, and the slag 
 formed in melting foam up even out of 
 the charging door. This is simply a 
 Bessemerizing the cupola. and shows 
 how liable this melting process is to 
 oxidation effects. 
 
 I am glad to be able to give the above 
 analysis, as I know it will interest foun- 
 dryman and metallurgist alike. 
 
 Richard Moldenke. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS* 
 
 021 533 790 A 
 
 •