Class Book COPYRiGHT DEPOSIT J. DEYLIN. R. C. OGDEN. DEVLIN & COMPANY, BROADWAY, CORNER GRAND STREET, NEW YORK. The above cut represents our " up-town store,'' in which we carry on Every Branch of the Clothing Business, INCLUDING READY-WDE CLOTHINd FOR MEN AND BOYS, Wholesale and Bet ail. CUSTOM WORK OR OLOTHINa TO ORDER OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. ftenllctneii's l^uruishinff (Hoods of alf Jiiints Keaftif-mndc, and American Yoke Shifts Made to Order. Washington City AND HOW TO SEE IT A COMPLETE POCKET GUIDE TO ALL PLACES OF INTEREST IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL AND VICINITY NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY IIURD AND HOUGHTON CambnUffc: Cbe Kiijemtie Iprcgg 1876 r NOT I' To supply a portable, well-arranged, correct, and cheap guide to the Capital citv of the United States, has been the aim of the compiler of this little book. To indicate the objects of interest, of -which there are so many in the city of Washington, and how to find them ; to give the facts pertaining to each so far as they would interest the average visitor, without a statement of dry details ; to meet the needs of the great class of people that visit Washington to see the sights, and who must needs S])end but little time in the seeing; — to supply' these wants, and not to give history, biography, or scientific information, has been the object attempted, and, it is hoped, attained. To make a large guide-book of Washington, and thereby increase the cost, is an easy, but, to nine tenths of the public, an entirely useless, matter. Hence it is hoped that many of tlie multitude of visitors that anniudly visit Washington, will find in this all the information they need. DEVLIN AND COMPANY, LEADING CLOTHIERS. .mi lillllli DOWX TOWN STORE. Broailtrnt/, corner of Warren Street, NEW YORK. ("Jopy right., 1876, by TIuud and lIouGitTON. INDEX. PAGE Agricultural Department . 44 Alexandria .... 65 Alms-house . . . .53 Amusements ... 54 Aqueduct . . . • . 6} Arlington .... 64 Armory Square . . .53 Army Medical Museum . 5i) Arsenal 48 Baptist Churches . . 58 Hattle Ground . . .62 IJenevolent Institutions . 53 Bladen SBURG . . . ,61 (^\PITOL . . . . 11 Children's Hospital . .54 Churches .... 58 City Hall . . . . 60 Coast Survey Office . . 50 Columbia Armory . . .49 Columbian College . . 55 (Columbia Hospital . . 54 Columbia Institution for Deaf and Dumb . . .56 Congregational Churches 58 Congressional Conservatory 5'> Corcoran Art Gallery . 5!) District of Columbia . . 60 District Government . 60 Drive to the North . . 61 Early History ... 7 Epiphany Church Home . 54 Episcopal Churches . . 59 E.\ECUTiVE Mansion . . 36 Farragut Square . . 52 Fourteenth Street Circle . 51 Ford's The.\tre . . . 55 Fortifications . . .61 Fort Washington . . 65 Franklin Square . . .52 Georgetown ... 63 Georgetown College . Government Asylum Government Printing Office Government IIeservation, No. 2 GoNZAGA College Gre.vt Falls . . . . Home for the Aged . Hotels Howard University . Institutions of Learning Interior Department Jackson Equestrian Statue . Judiciary Square Justice, Department of Lafayette Square Lincoln Hall Lincoln Park Little Falls . . . . Louise Home Lutheran Churches Masonic Hall Method of numbering Streets and Buildings . Methodist Epis. Churches . Methodist Episcopal (South) (Churches . . . . jNIilitary Asylum Mount Vernon Mount Vernon Place National Soldiers' and Sail- ors" Orphan Home . National Theatre . Naval Observatory . Navy Department . Navy Yard .... New Building for State, War, AND Navy Departments Offices of the District (Jov- ernment . . . . PARE 55 INDEX. I age PAGE Official Etiquette 66 Scott Circle and Statue . 52 Ordnance Museum 49 Scott Square .... 52 Orphan Asylum 54 Smithsonian Institution . 46 Plan of the City 8 State Department . 41 Population . . . . 10 Street Railways 57 Post Office Department . 41 Treasury Department . 37 Presbyterian Churches 59 Various Charitable Institu- Providence Hospital . 53 tions 54 P Street Circle . 53 Vicinity of Washington . 61 Public Parks and Grounds 51 War Department . 39 Public Schools 56 Washington Circle and Rawlins Square . 53 Statue 52 Reform School 53 Washington Monument 48 Rock Creek Church . 62 Winder's Building 49 Roman Catholic Churches . 59 Women's Christian Associa- St. Ann's Infant Asylum . 54 tion 54 St. John's Hospital 54 Young 3Ien"s Christian As- St. ^Vincent's Female Or- sociation .... 54 phan Asylum 54 INDEX TO THE CAPITOL. Basement .... Bronze Doors. Crawford's Bronze Door. Rogers's Capitol Grounds Corridor of the House of Representatives Crypt Dimensions .... Directory of the House Directory of the Senate . Dome East Front .... Hall of the House of Rep-' resentatives . Heating and Ventilating . History and Architecture House Committee Rooms House Post Office Library of Congress . Library of the House National Statuary Hall Plan of Principal Story . 34 Plan of the House 36 24 Plan of the Senate . 26 16 Police 36 14 President's Room 23 Restaurants . . . . 35 28 Rotunda .... 18 35 Senate Chamber . 25 18 Senate Committee Rooms . 24 29 Senate Corridor . 22 26 Senate Sergeant at Arms 23 17 Senate Post Office 23 15 Senate Reception Room . 23 Senators' Retiring Room 23 32 Sergeant at Arms of the 36 House 28 11 Site 11 29 Speaker op the House . 29 29 Statue of Liberty 18 84 Supreme Court Room . 22 29 Tomb 35 25 Vice President's Room 23 19 West Front 17 l. !]g'I]D[Z]\^[ZJQ^nD^£rs>. REFERENCES. 11 Naval Observatory. 12. Arsenul. 13. Navy Yard. 14. Marine Barracks. 15. City Hull. 16. Jaif. 17. Asylum. 18. Markets. 19. Smithsonian Institution. Department of Agriculture. 20. Washington Monument. 21. Statue of Washington. 22. Statue of Washington. 2'?. Statue of Jackson. 24. Corcoran Art Gallery. 2.5. Botanical Garden. 26. Congressional Cemetery. Ti. Naval Hospital. 1. The Capitol. 2. Executive Mansion. 8. State Department. 4. Treasury Department. 5. War Department. 6. Navy Department. 7. Interior Department. 8. Post Office Department. 9. Attorney General's Office, oarjaactev. 2fia^^... rJi[iIl[^Jill]|]a□^2^c^X-.-.- ^^^P^ :i[3k^ Da Sf^^ fe : J □ LD [nacsigta [7j □ p a o^a J^zD ttstK^i^,!!/ aL;?f£PZJ □ izQ'a □ □ L_ia ^H>-j aarjoaaf. aoDS Sr Il7 UNIONTOWII' If CITY OF WASHINGTON. EARLY HISTORY. The unity of interest and history between tlie City of Wash- ington and District of Columbia is so complete that in the prep- aration of the following pages they have been treated together. A division of the subject would consume the reader's time and serve no good purpose. The question of a permanent seat of government to be under the exclusive contro' of Congress was first debated after the in- sult offered to that body in Philadelphia, in June, 1783, by a band of mutinous soldiers, who assailed the hall during session, demanding arrearages of pay. In October of the same year, legislation upon the subject was fairly inaugurated, and thence- forward, imtil the final decision (July IG, 1790) fixed the loca- tion as it now exists. Congress and the country at large were in- volved in excited discussion of the question which formed an important element in the debates upon the framing of the Con- stitution. President Washington's advocacy of the present site of the Capital doubtless had great weight in securing the decis- ion of Congress. His attention was arrested by the advantages Avhich this location presented for a city, when he was a youthful surveA'or of the country in this vicinity, and when, with Brad- dock's forces, he encamped on the hill — long known as Camp Hill from this incident —now occupied by the Naval Observa- tory. The location being decided, the States of Virginia and Mary- land ceded to the general government a part of their territory, embracing an area of ten miles square, and including the cities of Georgetown and Alexandria; -adding to the grant a donation of about S170,000 for the improvement of the new Capital. In July, 1840, Congress ceded back to Virginia the territory origi- 8 CITY OF WASHINGTON. tially donated bv her, cnibraciiig the city of Alexandria, thus reducing the area to about sixty square niilns. A commission was appointed by Congress to make purchases of hind from private individuals, to define the proper bounda- ries, and to erect the necessary buildings. The commissioners laid the corner-stone of the District at Jones' Point, near Alex- andria, on the 15th of April, 1791; and directed that the fed- eral district should be called the Territory of Columbia, and the federal city the City of Washington. 'I'he fund donated by Virginia and Marj-land being exhausted, Congress authorized a loan for the continuation of the improvements, under which authority President Washington received from the State of Maryland a loan of $100,000. In June, 1800, the commissioners reported the necessary buildings ready for occupancy ; where- upon the public offices were immediately removed from Phila- delphia, and on the third jMonday of November following, Con- gress held its first session in the infant city, and on the 27th day of February, 1801, formally assumed jurisdiction over the Dis- trict of Columbia. The government has continued in occupancy of the Capital from its first removal there until the present time, save for a period of two or three days subsequent to the battle of Bladensburg, August 24, 1814, Avhich placed the city at the mercy of the British forces under General Ross and Admiral Cockburn. Congress was not in session, but the executive of- ficers of the government were obliged to make a hasty retreat, leaving most of the public ofiices and records to the mercy of the invaders, who made a short space of time suffice for an ex- tended work of destruction. The Capitol and Executive Man- sion were fired and greatly damaged, a large portion of the pub- lic records consumed or mutilated, and much private property destroved. PLAN OF THE CITY. President Washington, as soon as the location was decided, directed Major L'Enfant to lay out a plan for the capital city; but finding him unsatisfactory, appointed Andrew Kllicott in his place. In laying out the plan of the city, ]Mr. Kllicott drew a merid- ional line, by astronomical observation, through the area intended for the Capitol, and upon this basis laid off two sets of streets, intersecting each other at right angles, and distinguished by let- ters and numbers. The streets rimning north and south are numbered, and those running east and west are lettered, taking CITY OF WASHINGTON. 9 the Capitol as a starting-point. Avenues were llieii projeeted, cutting the streets at various angles, and connecting the promi- nent points of the city ; the avenues intersecting each other with large open spaces at certain points. Tiiese avenues are named after, and located to correspond with, the position of the different States in the Union, and are from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and sixty feet wide ; the streets vary from ninety to one hundred and ten feet in width. The city is four and a half miles in length, and two and a half in hreadth. METHOD OF NUMBEKING STREETS AND BUILDINGS. For one not familiar with streets, localities, and points of the compass in Washington, a reference to the map will be neces- sary to illustrate this explanation of the somewhat complex sys- tem of naming and numbering the streets, which has always been a source of confusion to the stranger. This system, how- ever, when fully comprehended, enables one to find any given street and number without assistance. The city is now divided into four sections, the Capitol being the centre, respectively denominated. Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest. Streets of the same names appearing in all the^e sections, and the same avenues, in several cases, traversing more than one section, it is custoniarv in stating an address to add to the street the initial letters (as N. E., etc.) of the section in which it is located. An exception to this rule is the Northwest section, which contains the main portion of the city, reyarding n-hich the indicating initials are dropped, and by com- mon usage it is understood, when 710 section is stated, this section is meant. The limits of the several sections are as follows : — Northeast. East of North Capitol Street and north of East Capitol Street. Southeast. East of South Capitol Street and south of East Capitol Street. Southwest. West of South Capitol Street and south of Gov- ernment Reservation No. 2. Northwest. West of North Capitol Street and north of Gov- ernment Reservation No. 2. The Mall, or Goverinnent Reservation No. 2, which is the di- viding line between the north and south sections of the Avestern portion of the city, begins at tiie Capitol grounds at First Street 10 CITY OF WASHINGTON. west, and runs west to Seventeenth Street, connecting the grounds of the Capitpl and Executive Mansion. The streets running east and west ai-e lettered, and those run- ning north and south are numbered, except some very short streets which intersect blocks. The buildings are numbered upon the Philadelphia plan. On the lettered streets, running east and west, and lettering each way from the Capitol, and avenues running diagonally, the num- bers of the buildings begin at North and South Capitol streets, and count each way, the numbers of the streets indicating hun- dreds, those between First and Second streets including from one hundred upward, between Second and Third streets from two iiundred upward, and so on. The numbered streets running north and south count each way from the Capitol, and the buildings thereon number from the dividing line, viz : The Government Reservation No. 2, on the west, and East Capitol Street on the east of the Capitol. The system of numbering is the same as with the lettered streets, the numbers being located to correspond with the letters of the alphabet. To illustrate the above : To find No. 1113 Pennsylvania Ave- nue. The initials of the section being omitted, it shows it to be N. W., and the number explains that it is between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, To Hnd 510 E Street, N. K. Tiie general direction is given by the initials, and by recalling the plan as aI)ove explained, it appears thatE Street is the fifth street north of the Capitol, and the desired number betAVeen the fifth and sixth streets east of North Capitol Street. To find 510 Third Street, S- W. The southwest section being understood, it is plain that the street in question is the third street west of the Capitol and the number to be found between E and F streets, the former being the fifth letter of the alphabet. It is important to remember that the letter J is omitted in the plan of streets. POPULATION. The population of the District has steadily increased from 14,093 in 1800, to 75,115 in 1860 (not including Alexandria, which was ceded back to Virginia in 1840), and 130,000 in 1870. This nmiiber is vastly augmented during the sessions of Congress. The wax wrought an important and happy change in the character and number of the people, and instead of the de- generacy and ruin prophesied by many, a few years have given CITY OF WASHINGTON. 11 evidence of the energy and intelligence of the new citizens, and the city is now rapidly increasing in prosperity and impor- tance. GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. THE CAPITOL. THE SITE. The first and grandest object of interest to the sight-seer is the Capitol, a magnificent structure, conspicuous on entering the city, and prominent for many miles from every section of the neighboring country. It is situated a little east of the centre of the city, which has grown more rapidly to the west than was anticipated, and stands on the brow of a plateau ninety feet above the level of the low-tide water of the Potomac River. This commanding position was chosen by George Washington, and was included in the original plan of the city as designed by L'Enfant, iind laid out by Andrew Ellicott. As already observed, the Capitol is the central point of the arrangement of the streets, as will readily appear by a glance at the map, every other feature being made subservient to this. ITISTOUY AND AIICHITECTURE. The site having been chosen and located accurately, the com- missioners appointed under an act of Congress to purchase land and erect buildings for the use of the government advertised, early in 1792, for ])lans for the Capitol and Executive Mansion, offering a prize of 3500 for the designs which should be accepted. In this, as in almost everything pertaining to the inception of the Federal Capital, in which the mature judgment of a mind cultured in art and wise in practical affairs could assist, Jefferson took an active interest, and greatly influenced the decisions that were made. The accepted design was submitted by Dr. William Thornton, although it was considerably altered from its original form before being put practically into execution. Stephen Hallet, a French architect, was employed to undertake the con- struction, which was begun by laying the corner-stone of the north wing of the central edifice, on Wednesday, September •'*'i'i'ii!''''il!iii!!!iiillilllll!lll!!lfe CITY OF V/ASIIINGTON. 13 18, 1793. President Washington officiated on the occasion, which was observed with civic, military, and masonic honors, and a grand barbecue. Tlve work passed successively under the superintendence of Stephen Hallet. (leorge Hadlield, and James Jloban, as architects, and the north wing was made avail- able for the sitting of Congress in November, 1800. The south wing, which was much more beautiful in tinish than the north, was completed in 1811. On the 24th of August, 1814, the in- terior of both wings was destroyed with tire by the iJritish troops, and Congress was therefore compelled to hold its ses- sions in various other buildings. Having passed an order for the rebuilding of the Capifol, the work was commenced imnie- diately, under the direction of B. II. Latrobe, architect, who was succeeded in 1817 by Charles Bultinch, and the original plan was substantially completed in 1825, Congress in the mean time having returned to the occupanc}^ of the building. The ann)unt of money expended upon the Ca])itol to this date, was within a fraction of $2,700,000. The architecture of this cen- tral portion is principally Corinthian; the Doric style is em- ployed in some portions, and several of tlie columns have orig- inal designs for their capitals. The material of which the walls are constructed is sandstone, quarried on an island in Aqnia Creek, Virginia, that was purchased by the government for this purpose, in 1791, at a cost of $6,000. By an act of Congress, September -30, 1850, it was provided that the Capitol be extended ; and plans, sui)mitted by Thomas U. Walter, architect, were accepted by President Fillmore, June 10, 1851. The corner-stone was laid in the presence of a vast con- course of people from every section of the country, on the 4th of July, the first day of the seventy-sixth year of the inde- pendence of the United States, by the President ; Daniel Web- ster, then Secretary of State, being the orator of the day. The material used in the construction of the walls of the "extensions" is white marble, slightly variegated with blue, quarried at Lee, Mass. The column^, of pure white marble, are each in one solid block, and were quarried at Cockeysville, Md. The details of architecture are referred to under appro- priate titles in consecutive order. The style of the new portions of the structure harnmnizes with the old, but " the so-called 'extensions' and the new dome are not so much additions, as parts of an essentially new and different building, the central and architecturally more important parts of which remain to 14 CITY OF WASHINGTON. be constructed. When completed the central porticos will pro- ject slightly in advance of those already built on the wings, and a suitable base will thus be formed to the dome, from the lack of which it now appears inadequately supported." THE CAPITOL GROUNDS. The Capitol Grounds are in the form of a parallelogram and contain nearly fifty-two acres, being 1,800 feet from east to west and 1,250 feet from north to south. It is only since the year 1874 that these grounds have been so large, when, in consequence of "the enlargement of ^the building and a change in the grade of the streets in the vicinity, an extension and complete remodeling of the grounds became necessary. The principal feature of the new design of the grounds is a spa- cious court on the east front, with approaches from all the avenues and streets which lead toward the Capitol. Except where these approaches enter it, the court is bordered by an esplanade, at the rear of which is a continuous seat looking to- ward the Capitol. A parapet of pierced stone-work fonjis the back of the seat, separating it from a green park-like glade. The parapet is broken at intervals by piers which support fourteen bronze standards sustaining each two lanterns. Opposite the central portico there are six larger piers and lanterns, and two gardinets of polished red granite. From the centre of each of these will rise an elliptical vase of bronze nineteen feet in length. The space between the base of the vase and the outer wall of the gardinet is to be occupied b}' natural foliage and flowers, and the vase is to be crowned with a wreath of spray which at night is to be illuminated by concealed gas jets in the centre. The grounds otherwise are to be treated very simply so as to produce the effect of a natural grove through which the ap- proaches have been carried so as to avoid injury to the trees, secure as much shade as possible for those passing over them, and to leave open effective perspectives from and toward the Capitol." Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted of New York supplied the ])Ians under which the improvements of the grounds are, at the time of writing, going forward. The fine growth of trees, which have been tenderly preserved and carefully cultivated, are one of the chief attractions. The colossal statue of Washington by Horatio Greeno-igh, stands in the court facing the east front. The statue was ordered b}' Congress in 1832, and was intended to find a place in CITY OF WASHINGTON. 15 the interior of the Capitol. It bears tlie inscription, "First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen." This statue has had a history too long to be recounted in detail here. It was made in Florence, Italy, and on account of its great size was with difficulty brought to this country. It was at one time placed in the rotunda of the Capitol, but being out of proportion to the place was removed to its present location. It was eight years under the hand of the artist, and weighs twelve tons. THE KAST KKONT. This side of the building has received the greater amount of attention from the fact that the city was originally expected to grow in this and not in the opposite direction. The usual approach of the stranger, being from the west and from a lower level a conception of the size, of the building is realized but not of the finest portions of the architecture. The east front is that to which visitors in carriages would naturally be carried. The building consists of a central edifice (see dimensions) and two wings which are connected by corridors. The tliree great flights of steps and poi'ticoes on this front are the entrances respectively to the Senate Chamber in the north wing, the Rotunda in the centre, and the Hall of Representatives in the south wing. Beneath these steps are vaulted carriage-ways and broad entrances to the ground floor. The right and left cheek-blocks of the centre flight of steps are ornamented with statuary. That on the right side (entering) is by Horatio Green- ough, and represents the struggles of pioneer settlers. A sturdy backwoodsman is grappling a powerful Indian, whose toma- hawk had been uplifted to strike the death-blow of the white man's wife and child, whose faithful dog stands by, anxious to assist his master. In a corresponding position on the other side of the steps is Persico's sculpture, representing the Dis- covery of America. It descries Columbus holding in his hand a globe, and at his feet an Indian maiden crouching in fear and astonishment. Just above these, in the tympanum of the pediment, is an allegorical group of three female figures in alto-relievo, also by I'ersico, typical of the Genius of America. The central figure is America, who is represented as addressing Hope upon the left, and directing her attention to Justice, who stands at the right, holding the Constitution of the United States and the scales. This group is said to have been designed by John Quincy Adams. In the portico, to the right and left 16 CITY OF WASHINGTON. of the door entering" into the Rotunda, are Persico's statues of Mars and Ceres, and over the door is Campellano's bas-relief of Fame and Peace crowning a bust of Washington with wreaths of huirel. Jlach of the extensions has a portico with twenty-two cohinms, extending the entire width of the front, with a central projec- tion of ten feet four inches, forming a doublq, portico in the centre, of the same width as the gable. The great stair-wa^'S just mentioned lead up to and through these porticoes. The pediment over the flight of steps to the northern wing, or Senate entrance, contains a group by Thomas Crawford, in- dicating the progress of civilization in America. In the centre is a statue of America, and on her right are figures of a Sol- dier, Commerce, Youth and Education, a Mechanic, and a Sheaf of Wheat; on her left are a Pioneer and Hunter, and an Indian with his squaw and child, sitting by a filled grave A corre- sponding work of art will ultimately till a similar place in the front of the southern wing. BKONZE DOOR AT EAST ENTRANCE. The massive door opening from the main entrance on the eastern front into the Rotunda is of pure bronze, and was mod- eled in Rome, in 1858, by Randolph Rogers, and cast in Munich two years later bv von Muller. The work is seventeen feet high,^line feet wide, weighs 20,000 lbs., and cost S100,000. It is divided into eight panels, each one illustrating a scene in the life of Columbus. Beginning at the lower panel on tlie south division of the door and thence upward, the scenes portrayed are as follows: — Examination of Columbus before the Council of Salamanca regarding his theory of the globe. Departure of Columbus from a convent near Palos on his journey to the Court of Spain. Audience at the Court of Ferdinand and Isabella. Departure of Columbus on his voyage of discovery. In the transom over the door is a panel representing Colum- bus's first landing at the Bahama Islands. Beginning at the upper panel on the north division of the door and thence downward, the following subjects appear: — Encounter of Columbus with the native islanders. Triumphal entry of Columbus into Barcelona. Columbus in chains. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 17 Death-bed of Columbus. He died at Valladolid, Ma}' 20, 1506, aged 70. Surrounding the panels so as to form a double line down the centre when the door is closed, and single line on the outer sides, are statuettes, sixteen in all, representing distinguished con- temporaries of Columbus. At the centre of the arch above the door is a head of Columbus, and at the four corners are statuettes typical of Asia and Africa (at the top), Europe and America (at the bottom). In addition there is an elaborate running border, worthy of examination, in which there is a great variety of de- sign. THE WEST FRONT. This, like the east front, has a central projection and colon- nade, the corridors right and left from the main building and the wings at either end. It has no grand approaches by great flights of steps, but is entered from a double terrace, the lower level of which conducts to the sub-basement, and the upper to the basement story, from which a flight steps of leads directly into the Kotunda. It is designed to improve this front by a broad architectural terrace, faced with marble, preserving the architectural character of the main structure, and also with a grand staircase, serving as a direct foot approach from the city. When this is completed, the western front will be of much bet- ter proportions, and more imposing than the eastern. THE DOME. This magnificent fabric, rising over the centre of the whole edifice, was commenced in 185(5, and was designed by Thomas U. Walter. It occupies the place of the " old dome," a badlv pro- portioned affair of brick, stone, and wood, sheathed with copper, the total height of which, from ground to top, was only one hundred and fortj'-five feet. The present dome, semi-ellipsoidal in form, is built of cast-iron, weighs nearl}' 4,000 tons, is one hundred and thirty-five feet in exterior and ninety-seven feet in interior diameter, and rises to a height of two hundred and twenty-eight feet from the basement floor to the lantern, the latter being fifty-two feet high and seventeen feet in diameter. There are but three domes larger than this in the world, namely, St. Peter's in Rome, St. Paul's, London, and the Hotel des In- valides, Paris. THE STATl'E OF LIBEltTV, which surmounts the whole, is of bronze, measures more than 2 18 CITY OF WASHINGTON. nineteen feet in height, weighs nearly seven tons, and was de- signed by Crawford. THE DIMENSIONS of the Capitol are as follows : The centre building is three hun- dred and fifty-two feet four inches long, and one hundred and twenty-one feet six inches deep, with a portico one hundred and sixty feet wide on the east side, and a projection of eighty-three feet on the west. The corridors connecting the north and south wings with the centre building are each forty-four feet long, and fifty-six feet eight inches wide. Each wing is one hundred and forty-two feet eight inches in length, and two hundred and thirty-eight feet ten inches in depth, exclusive of the por- ticoes and steps. The entire length of the building is seven hundred and fifty-one feet four inches, and tJie total depth three hundred and twenty-four feet, or thirty-one feet longer than St. Peter's at Rome, and one hundred and sevent^'-five feet longer than St. Paul's at London. The height from the basement floor to the top of the bronze statue of Liberty on the dome is nearly three hundred feet. St. Peter's Church to the top of the lantern is one hundred and forty-five feet higher, and St. Paul's is seventy-three feet higher. The height of the interior of the dome from the floor of the Rotunda is one hundred and eighty feet. The ground covered by the Capitol is 153,112 square feet, or six hundred and fifty-two feet more than three and one half acres. THE PRINCIPAL STORY. THE ROTUNDA Is the great circular room ninet^'-six feet in diameter, occupying the centre of the building, which may be entered from either of the passage-ways leading from the two wings, through the mas- sive bronze door at the central portico on the east front, or through the natural entrance for the majority of people, by the flight of stairs leading up from the Avestern front. Imme- diately upon entering the eye is arrested by the large historical paintings, each eighteen feet by twelve, occupying the eight panels into which the Avail is divided by the Roman pilasters rising from the floor and sustaining an entablature decorated Avith olive leaves. The four pictures in the Avestern half of the hall Avere painted by Col. John Trumbull, an oflicer of the Con- tinental Army, who served on the staff of General Washington. •lOieo-* 20 CITY OF WASHINGTON. There is a special interest attached to these pictures on account of the artist, himself a Revolutionary patriot and the associate of man\' of his portrait subjects, and the portraits themselves, which for that reason are presumed to be correct. The pictures were painted under orders from Congress, given in 1817, at a cost of eight thousand dollars each. They represent, — The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. Prominent in this picture are the tigures of Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Hancock, and Rutledge. The Surrender of Burgoyne, October, 1777. The event illus- trated occurred at Saratoga, and the principal actors portrayed are General Burgoyne, the English commander, in the act of ten- dering his sword to the American General Gates. The Surrender of Cornwallis, October, 1781. This event, ■which terminated the war of the Revolution, occurred at York- town, Va. Among the prominent tigures are General Lincoln, who received the surrender on behalf of the American army, by direction of General Washington. General Rochambeau, the commander of the French troops serving with the Americans, and General O'Hara (one of CornAvaliis's staff) at the head of the English troops. The Resignation of "Washington as Commander-in-chief of the Army. The scene is in the State House at Annapolis, Mary- land, on the 23d of December, 1783. The remaining four pictures on the eastern side of the hall are illustrative of events connected with the early history of America. They are. — The Baptism of Pocahontas, Jamestowai, Va., 1613. John Gadsb}' Chapman, Artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at a cost of $10,000. The Discoverv of the Mississippi River, by De Soto, May, 1541. Artist. William H. Powell. Ordered by Congress in 1850, at a cost of $12,000. The Landing of Columbus, Bahama Islands, October, 1492. John Vanderlyn, Artist. Ordered by Congress in 1842, at a cost of $10,000. The Eml)arkation of the Pilgrims from Delft-TTaven, Holland, July, 1620. O. S. Weir, Artist. Ordered by Congress in 1836, at a cost of $10,000. Hanging under each of the above is a diagram, in outline, with numbers, whereby the individuals in the picture may be identified. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 21 Over the panels containing tlie pictures just named, and at equal distani;es between the several doors, are four portrait carv- ings in bas-relief, namely : In the Nortinvest Section, Sir Wal- ter Raleigh, the pioneer settler in America ; in the Southwest Section, Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of the New World ; in the Northeast Section, Cabot, the discoverer of the Northern Continent, and in the Southeast Section, La Salle, the explorer of the West. These were from the hands of Campellano and Caucici, Italian artists, and were ordered by Congress in 1827. There are also four sculptures in alto relievo over the several doors, by Campellano, Gavelot, and Caucici, ordered in 1826. They represent the Landing of the Pilgrims, east door; Poca- hontas saving the Life of Capt. John Smith, west door; Wil- liam Penn in Conference with Indians, north door ; Daniel Boone tighting with Indians, south door. Above these are pan- els which at some future day will doubtless be ornamented with sculpture, and colonnades supporting the great dome, which contracts to a diameter of sixty-live feet, through which may be seen, as if in the clouds, Brumidi's allegorical painting, in fresco, delineating a variety of subjects connected with the history and genius of America. The central group represents an ideal of Washington supported by Freedom and Victory. In the fore- ground the thirteen original States are personified by female figures, who form a crown and support a streamer with the national legend, E Pluribus Unum. On the other part of the dome, at points in a circle, are six clusters of figures represent- ing, The Fall of Tyranny, Agriculture, Mechanics, Commerce, The Marine, Arts, and Sciences. This work cost the govern- ment over S50,000. The method of lighting the Rotunda is interesting. By means of an apparatus, situated at the door opening toward the Senate, a current of electricity is passed from burner to burner, until the whole number, 1,300 in all, from the lowest to those in the lantern itself, are lighted. The time occupied is four minutes. Between the inner and outer shells of the dome there are stairs, affording easy access to all its parts ; and at proper in- tervals are galleries and windows, where the architectural details of the structure may be examined. The stairs lead finally to the top of the dome, which is 176 feet from the pavement, and the extended vicAv from this point well repays the labor of the ascent. Skirting the western and southern boundaries of the 22 CITY OF WASHINGTON. city are the Potomac River and its tributary, the " Eastern Branch." Directly westward, on the bank of the river, are the Arlington Heights, and beyond are Munson's Hill, and other places, made memorable by the events of the earlier period of the late war. To the southwest, the city of Alexandria can be plainh' seen. Directly south, on the opposite, bank of the Eastern Branch, is the Insane Asylum. To the north is the old Soldiers' Home, and in every direction is a magiiilicent view of the sur- rounding scenery, full of beauty and historic interest. The en- trance to the stair-way to the dome is in the passage-way on the left, going from the Rotunda to the Senate. NORTH OF THE ROTUNDA. THE SLTEEME COURT ROOM Is the first point of interest encountered in passing north from the Rotunda. It is semicircular in form, seventy-five feet long, forty-five feet high. The Ionic columns supporting the gallery at the rear are of Potomac marble. The busts placed at inter- vals around the apartment are portraits of former Cliief .Justices, namely, John Jay, John Rutledge. Oliver Ellsworth, and John Marshall. This room was formerly the Senate Chamber of the United States, and, like its companion apartment, the old Hall of Representatives, is rich in memories of the past. In strong contrast to the earlier and active historv of this ropm are the solemn deliberations of court days, so awe-inspiring to the aver- age visitor. The judges of the court are attired in black silk gowns, the Chief Justice presiding, in the centre, and on either side the Associate Justices. Opposite the Supreme Court room, across the corridor, is the Court of Claims room. Visitors are admitted at all times to both. THE SENATE CORRIDOR. Proceeding north from the Supreme Court room through the hall-way connecting the central edifice with the Senate wing, the corridor upon the east, south, and west sides of the Senate Cham- ber arrests the attention. Fsom the east and west sides magnifi- cent marble stair-ways lead to the galleries of the Senate. At the foot of the former is Powers's statue of Benjamin Franklin, made in 1862, under orders of Congress, and at the landing half way up the stair-way is a painting of ''• Perry's Victory on Lake Erie," hy Powell, purchased in 1873. The picture represents the Commo- CITY OF WASHINGTON. 23' dore in the act of transferring his flag from his disabled flagship, the Lawrence., to another vessel. At the foot of the opposite stair-way (the western) is the statue of John Hancock, by Stone; and at the landing midwa}^ in the ascent, the painting of the " Storming of Chapultepec," by Walker, ordered in 18G1. The prominent figures are General Quitman in consultation with other officers, and General Shields, coatless and wounded. Opening from tlie corridor to the rear or north of the Senate Chamber, called more especially the Senate Lobby, is THE president's ROOM, Which is beautifully frescoed; on its walls are painted the por- traits of the first President and Cabinet; and on the ceiling illus- trations of the history of the country. This room is for the ac- commodation of the President, when he has occasion to visit the Senate, as is necessary at the close of every session, to sign the numerous bills hurried through at the last hours of legislation. Next to this room is THE senators' RETIRING-ROOM. The ceiling is of white marble, deeply paneled, supported by liighlv polished Italian marble columns ; the walls are of Ten- nessee marble, in which are set large plate-glass mirrors. Ad- joining this is THE vice president's ROOM, Richl}"^ frescoed and ornamented. On the wall is a large portrait of Washington by Rembrandt Peale. Next to these rooms, on the east, is the senate reception room, An elegant apartment with a double vaulted ceiling highly deco- rated in fresco and gold, and on the walls historical paintings in fresco, all executed by Brumidi in 1856 and 1857. East of this room is the the senate post office and room of the sergeant at ARMS. This room was originally intende'd for the Senate Library, and was appropriately decorated for that purpose but has alwaj's served for its present use. Adjoining this room is that of the Sergeant at Arms, and leading from the Senate Lobb}^ to the basement is a bronze staircase, Avell worthy of critical examina- 24 CITY OF WASHINGTON. tion, with figures of eagle?, deer, and ciipids with richly foliated iiitertwinings. BKONZE DOOR TO THE SENATE WING. Opening from the portico on the east front to the vestibule in the north or Senate wing is a bronze door fourteen feet six inches high and nine feet six inches wide. This is one of two doors for which orders were given to Mr. Crawford, it being the intention to have another similar to it in a corresponding place in the south wing. The death of the artist when the njodel for this door was incomplete frustrated that design, and for the finished work now in this door we are indebted to W. H. Rhine- hart, at the time an assistant to Crawford, who took up the work, and with the help of the original designs carried the models to completion. The door weighs 14,000 pounds, and was cast at the Ames Works, Chicopee, Mass. Total cost for models and casting about $55,000. The design is to illustrate Peace and War, which are typified in the foot panels, by historical events of the Revolutionary period. The right division of the door represents successively from the top downward. — Battle of Bunker Hill and Death of Warren, 1775. Battle of Monmouth, 1778, with Washington in the act of his famous rebuke of General Lee. Battle of Yorktown, 1781, with Hamilton capturing an earth- work. Upon the left division of the door, from the top downward, are represented, — Laying the Corner Stone of the Capitol, 1793. Inauguration of Washington as first President of the United States, 1789. Welcome of Washington at Trenton, 1789. Above the door are two marble female figures, representing Justice and History, reclining upon a globe. These are also by Crawford. SENATE COiMMITTEE ROOMS. Opening from the Senate corridors are some of the commit- tee rooms, but the finest of them are in the basement, which is reached b}' stair-ways under the grand staircases upon the east and west of the Senate Chamber. Among them are the rooms of the Committees on Military Affairs and Naval Affairs, with appropriate decorations in fresco ; Foreign Relations, with CITY OF WASHINGTON. 25 portraits in distemper of Clay, Allen. Cameron, and Sumner, former Chairmen of the Committee; the Indian Committee, which being originally intended for the Committee on Agricul- ture, was decorated accordingly. These are tiie most interesting, but there are others well worthy a visit. When the Committees are in session these rooms are closed, at other times a knock upon the door, or an application at the office of the Sergeant at Arms, will generally procure admission. THE SENATE CHAMBER, Located in the centre of the north wing, is of rectangular shape, one hundred and twelve feet long, eighty-two wide, and thirty- six high. Its walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed and gilded. The ceiling is almost entirely of cast-iron richly moulded, and in the centre is a large sky-light of stained glass, through which the chamber is lighted. The galleries will ac- commodate one thousand persons. The northern end is reserved for ladies, and the remainder is free to all, with the exception of that portion immediately over the presiding officer's chair, which is devoted exclusively to reporters for the press, and the section directly opposite for the sole accommodation of the mem- bers of the foreign legations. On the north side of the corridor which surrounds the Senate gallery, is an elegant dressing-room for the use of ladies, open at all times, under the care of a mat- ron employed by the Senate. The Senate is presided over by the Vice President of the United States, or, during his absence, by a Senator elected as President of the Senate. Immediately in front of the presiding officer's chair, on a lower level and to the right and left, are seats for the Sergeant at Amns and Doorkeeper, and at the desk in front for the Secretary of the Senate and the engrossing and enrolling clerks, and in front of these again, to the right and left, for the official reporters. Senators and privileged persons only are admitted to the floor of the Senate during the sessions, but at other times any one may enter. SOUTH OF THE ROTUNDA. NATIONAL STATUARY HALL. Passing out from the Rotunda by the south door the first apartment entered is the Old Hall of the House of Representa- tives. For thirty-two years prior to the completion of the pres- DIRECTORY OF THE SENATE. [Y.F., Vice President. S., Secretary. L,. C, Legiglatire Clerk. C. C, Chiiif Clerl: M.C., Minute Clerk. S., Sergeant at Arms. D., Doorkeeper and Assistants. R., Official lieporters.] S. J. R. McMillan, Minn. B. K. Bruce, Miss. F. T. FrelinRhuysen, N. J. S. Cameron, Penn. J. S. Morrill, Vt. H. B. Anthony, R. I. G. F. Edmunds, Vt. J. R. West, La. J. H. Mitchell, Oregon. J. J. Ingalls. Kansas. L. M. Morrill, Me. B. Wadleiffh, N. H. P. Clayton, Ark. J. L. Alcorn, Miss. P. W. Hitchcock, Neb. T. J. Robertson, S. C. W. A. Wallace, Pa. M. W. Ransom, N.C. C. W. Jones, Fla. S. B. Maxpv, Texas. G. R. Deniiis, Md. W. P. Wliyte, Md. F. M. Cockrell, Mo. R. E. Withers, Va. A. S. Merrimon, N. C. 2«. H. G. Davis, W. Va. 27. L. V. Bogy, Mo. 28. S. B. Conover, Fla. 29. A. A. Sargent, Cal. 30. J. Sherman, Ohio. 31. O. P. Morton, Ind. 32. R. Conkling, N. Y. S3. H. Hamlin, Me. 34. T. O. Howe, Wis. G. S. Boutwell, Mass. J. J. Patterson, S. C. W. Windom, Minn. T. W. Ferry, Mich. 39. G. G. Wrig'ht, la. 40. W. B. Allison, la. 41. A. S. Paddock, Neb. 42. A. E. Burnside, B. I. 4.3. N. Booth, Cal. 44. 45. J. E. English. Conn. 4C. I). M. Key, Tenn. 47. W. Sharon, Nev. 48. A. Cameron. Wis. 49. F. Kern an, N. Y. 50. R. J. Oglesby, 111. 35. 38. 51. I. P. Christiancy, Mich. 52. J. E. McDonald, Ind. 53. J. P. Jones. Nev. 54. M. C. Hamilton, Texas. 55. H. L. Dawes, Mass. 5(5. J. A. Logan, 111. 57. S. W. Dorsey, Ark. .58. A. H. Cragin, N. H. .59. G. E. Spencer, Ala. CO. J. M. Harvey, Kansas. 61. J. K. Kelley, Oregon. 62. J. W. Stevenson, Kv. 6.3. A. G. Thurman, Ohio. 64. T. C. McCreerv, Ky. 65. T. F. Bayard, bel. 66. H. Cooper, Tenn. 67. J. W. Johnston, Va. 68. E. Saulsburv, Del. 69. T. M. Norwood, Ga. 70. J. B. Gordon, Ga. 71. W.W.Eaton, Conn. 72. A. T. Caperton, W. Va. 73. G. Goldthwaite, Ala. 74. T. F. Randolph, N. J. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 27 ent Representatives Chamber tliis room was occupied for their sessions, and was set apart for its present use by act of Congress in 1864. The purpose of the plan is to have contributions from the several States, of statues, not exceeding two from each, of distinguished deceased citizens. The invitation has not, as yet, called forth a very generous response, but a beginning has been made, and the collection of sculpture and paintings already gathered here is as follows : — PORTRAITS. Gunning Bedford (panel), member of Constitutional Convention from Delaware, presented. Henry Clay, by John Neagle, life size, 1843. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, by Chester Harding. Joshua R. Giddings, by Miss Ransom. Abraham Lincoln (mosaic), presented by the artist, Sig. Salviati, of Venice. SCULPTURE. Roger Williams (marble), by Franklin Simmons, Rome, pre- sented by State of Rhode Island. Gen. Nathanael Greene (marble), by H. K. Brown, presented by State of Rhode Island. Jonathan Trumbull (marble), by C. B. Ives, presented by State of Connecticut. Roger Sherman (marble), by C B. Ives, presented by State of Connecticut. George Clinton (bronze), by H. K. Brown, presented by State of New York. Alexander Hamilton (marble), by Horatio Stone, 18G8. Abraham Lincoln (marble), by Miss Vinnie Ream, 18GG. II Penseroso (marble), by Mozier. Thomas Jefferson signing the Declaration of Independence (bronze), by David of Anglers, 1833, jiresented bv Capt. Uriah P. Levy. AVashington, 1788, plaster cast of Iloudin's bronze statue in the State House, Richmond, Va. Abraham Lincoln (nuirble), by Mrs. Ames. Bust. Kosciusko (marble), by H. D. Saunders. Bust. Thomas Crawford (marble), Scnli)tor. Bust. There are now in progress, by order of the State of New Jer- sey, statues of Richard Stockton and General Phil Kearney, and 28 CITY OF WASHINGTON. l)y order of the State of New York, a statue of Edward Living- ston. The Hall is semicircular in form, ninety-five feet long, and sixty feet high. The twenty-four massive Corinthian columns which support the entablature are of variegated Potomac marble, and cost $8,000 each. A colossal statue of Liberty, modeled in plaster by Caucici, stands over one entrance ; and beneath it is an American eagle, modeled from life, and cut in sandstone by Valaperti. Over the door is a clock, havi!ig for its dial the wheel of a winged car resting on a globe ; and in the car is a figure representing History, holding in her hand a scroll and a pen. These are all interesting relics, having been placed in their positions years ago when the House held its sessions here. THE CORUIDOH OF THK HOUSE OF REPIIESENTATIVES. Proceeding south from the National Statuary Hall, the cor- ridor of the House is entered from the passage connecting the central structure with the south wing. From the east and west sides grand stair-ways of marble conduct to the corridor above, from which the galleries of the House are entered. Opposite the foot of the east stair- wa}' is the .«tatue of Thomas Jefferson, by Powers, 18G3, and facing it on the first landing of the stairs is the heroic equestrian portrait of General Wintield Scott by Troy. On the west corridor, at the foot of the stair-way, is a bust in bronze, by La Salle, of a Chippewa brave, cast from a model taken from life. Opposite and above is Leutze's famous painting (recently restored), entitled " Westward the course of Empire takes its way." This, probably from the graphic nature and faithful treatment of the subject, commands more attention than any other work of art in the Capitol. The best effect is obtained by observing it from above. The west corridor of the upper or gallery floor is devoted to accommodations for the press, and a dressing-room conveniently arranged for ladies. In the corridor, to the rear or south of the House of Repre- sentatives, is the space commonly called the Lobby. From the south side of which, entering at the east end, is the ROOM OF THE SERGEANT AT ARMS. This is the office in which all the disbursements for the House expenses are made, and here the official mace is kept when the CITY OF WASHINGTON. 29 House is not in session. Adjoining this is an ante-room for the use of visitors, and next on the west is the KOOAI OF THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE. The ceiling is of iron, and the walls are richl}'' decorated with mirrors. There are also portraits hung about the room, in vari- ous styles of art, from common lithographs to oil paintings, of nearly all the Speakers of the House. At the west end of the lobby is the room of the Committee on Appropriations. THE HOUSE POST OFFICE Opens from the corridor on the east side of the hall. THE COMMITTEE KOOMS OF THE HOUSE Open from the main and gallery corridors, and many of them are Avorth a visit, especially those of the Committees on Foreign Relations, Public Lands, Territories, Military and Naval Affairs, and Agriculture. The latter is particularly attractive. On the arched ceiling are represented the Four Seasons; and on one wall is a beautiful picture of Cincinnatus, called from the plow to the dictatorship of Kome; while opposite is a companion painting, representing Israel Putnam, called from a like occu- pation, to the battle-tield of Lexington ; on the other two walls are portraits of Washington and Jefferson, and illustrations of the ancient and modern modes of reaping. THE LIUKAKY OF THE HOUSE Is in a room in the gallery over the House, and contains all the Congressional records, a large number of la,w books, and other publications useful to Members of Congress in debate. It is exclusively for the use of members. DIRECTORY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Wi:ST SIDE. 1. Laurin D. Woodworth. 11. William E. Smith. 2. Lafayette Lane. 12. Simeon B. Chittenden. 3. Johii K. Luttrell. 13. John B. Packer. 4. Peter D. Wigginton. 14. Lawrence T. NeaL 5. Alexander S. Wallace. 15. James Wilson. 6. William A. Piper. 16. William J. OBricn. 7. Horace F. Page. 17. Lucius Q. C. Lamar. 8. George W. Hendee. 18. Nathaniel P. Banks. 9. Adlai E. Stevenson. 19. Ezekiel Sampson. 10. Greenbury L. Fort. 20. Omar D. Conger. 30 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 21. James W. McDill. 22. William P. Frye. 81. 23. Miles Ross. 82. 24. James Monroe. 83. 26. Allen Potter. 84. 26. John II. Baker. 85. 27. Smith Ely, Jr. 86. 28. Hiram S. Stevens. 87. 29. Clinton D. MacDougall. 88. 30. Henry 0. Pratt. 89. 31. Allan Wood, Jr. 90. 32. Nathan B. Bradley. 91. 33. Josiah T. Walls. 92. 34. John R. Lynch. 93. 35. Henry Waldron. 94. 36. Elias SV. Leavenworth. 95. 37. Lyman K. Bass. 96. 33. Alanson M. Kimball. 97. 39. Henry S. Magoon. 98. 40. Henry H. Starkweather. 99. 41. Eugene Hale. 100. 42. William D. Kelley. 101. 43. George F. Hoar. 102. 44. Chester B. Darrall. 103. 45. Archibald xM. Bliss. 104. 46. John 0. Whitehouse. 105. 47. Edmund W. M. Mackey. 106. 48. Milton J. Durham. 107. 49. William H. Stone. 108. 50. Mark H. Bunnell. 109. 51. Benjamin W. Harris. 110. 52. Henry II. Hathorn. 111. 53. Thomas C Piatt. 112. 54. William H. Baker. 113. 55. Horace B. Strait. 114. 56. William S. King 115. 57. Andrew Williams. 116. 58. John Q. Tufts. 117. 59. Addison Oliver. 118. 60. James Gr. Blaine. 119. 61. Martin I. Towfisend. 120. 62. Morton C. Hunter. 121. 63. Harris M. Plaisted. 122. 64. Julius II. Seelye. 123. 65. William A. Wheeler. 124. 66. James A. Garfield. 125. 67. William H. H. Stowell. 126. 68. William Lawrence. 127. 09. John K. Goodin. 128. 70. Levi A. Mackey. 129. 71. 130. 72. John A. Ilyman. 131. 73. William Woodburn. 132. 74. Charles II. Morgan. 133. 75. Samuel A. Dobbins. 184. 76. Joseph II. Rainey. 135. 77. Elbridge G. Lapham. 136. 78. Winthrop W. Kctcham. 137. 79. Jacob M. Thornburgh. 138. Richard H. Whiting. Chapman Freeman. William W. Crapo. Charles G. Williams. George G. Iloskins. Thomas J. Henderson. Charles H. Joyce. Charles B. Farwell. Benjamin T. Eames. William R. Brown. Samuel D. Burchard. Stephen B. Elkins. Thomas J. Cason, Thomas W. Bennett. Edward Y. Parsons. Franklin Landers. G. Wiley Wells. Robert Smalls. William J. Purman. John M. Davy. 31ilton S. Robinson. George W. McCrary. Jeremiah M. Rusk. Orange Jacobs. John D. White. Nelson H. Van Vorhes. George A. Bagley. Samuel F. Miller. Rufus S. Frost. Nelson I. Norton. William A. Phillips. George Willard. Charles O'Neill. Frank Morey. Joseph G. Cannon. John A. Kasson. Washington Townscnd. Jere Haralson. George M. Landers. George Q. Cannon. William H. Barnum. Henry R. Harris. William S. Ilavmond. William W. Wilshire. John II. Bagley, Jr. Dudley C. Denison. J A. Hubbell. James L. Evans. William B. Williams. Clement II. Sinnickson. John II. Burleigh. Charles H. Adams. A. Herr Smith. Lucien B. Caswell. Charles E. Nash. Solomon L. Iloge. Stephen A. llurlbut. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 31 139. Charles Hays. 140. Lorenzo Dauford. 141. Lorenzo Crounse. 142. Latimer W. Eallou. 143. Henry \V. Blair. 144. John \V. Wallace. 145. Alexander Campbell. 146. AVilliam P. Lynde. 147. Lucien L. Ainaworth. 148. Henry B. Payne. 149. Charles Foster. 150. Henry L. Pierce. 151. John Hancock. KAST SIDE. Abraham S. Hewitt. N. Holmes Odell. John G. Schumaker. William P. Caldwell. Robert B. Vance. Hiester Clymer. John M. Bright. Samuel S. Cox. William S. Holman. James H. Blount. Charles W. Milliken. Benjamin A. Willis. Henry B. Banning. Jacob P. Cowan. Jeremiah N. Williams. Charles P. Thompson. George A. Jenks. J. Proctor Knott. John B. Clark, Jr. John F. Philips. Chester W. Chapin. Samuel J. Randall. Carter H. Harrison. Julian Harti-idge. Philip Cook. Milton A. Candler. Elijah Ward. William W. Warren. Eppa Ilunton. William F. Siemens. Thomas Swann. William Walsh. Alexander G. Cochrane. William M. Robbins. Alfred M. Waddell. Andrew H. Hamilton. John M. Glover. John C. Bagby. George C. Cabell. James Williams. Lucien C. Cause. Thomas M. Gunter. Beverly B. Douglas. Joseph Powell. John T. Harris. Erastus Wells. Augustus W. (Sutler. Francis D. Collins. William S. Stengcr. 67. Jacob Turney. John A. McMahon. Earley F. Poppleton. Alpheus S. Williams. Henry B. Metcalfe. William McFarland. James B. Reilly. Joseph J. Davis. William Terry. John Young Brown. Jesse J. Yeates. Rezin A. De Bolt. George H. Durand. Milton I. Southard. James Sheakley. Fernando Wood. Richard P. Bland. Robert A. Hatcher. Elijah J. Henkle. Philip F. Thomas. Charles B. Roberts. Thomas S. Ashe. John F. House. Alfred M. Scales. •Joseph C. S. Blackburn. Jephtha D. New. William R. Morrison. Scott Wike. William A. J . Sparks. Washington C Whitthor George W. Catc. Charles J. Faulkner. Gilbert C. Walker. Fi'ank Jones. John R. Eden. William Mutchler. John IL Caldwell. Alexander 11. Stephens. Jacob M. Thornburgh. Albert G. Egbert. Charles E Hooker. Otho R. Singleton. William R. Steele. Martin Maginnis. Scott Lord. E. John Ellis. Randall L. Gibson. H. Casey Young. John D. C. Atkins. 32 CITY OF WASHINGTON. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122 123! 124. 125. Andrew R. Boone. John R. Tucker. John L. Vance. Frank H. Hurd. George G. Dibrell. Roger Q. Mills. George M. Beebe. Edwin R. Meade. William M. Levy. Frank Hereford. Thomas L. Jones. John B. Clarke. Levi Maish. Taul Bradford. Goldsmith W. Hewitt, Gustave Schleicher. David Rea. Frederick H. Teese. Robert Hamilton. James D. Williams. John H. Reagan. Edward C. Kehr. Benjamin J. Franklin. Ansel T. Walling. Miles Ro.^s. James Phelps. Hernando D. Money. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. Americus V. Rice. Milton Sayler. James H. Hopkins. William H. Felton. Benjamin H. Hill. John K. Tarbox. John S. Savage. William B. Anderson. Charles C B. \Valker. Samuel N. Bell. Samuel D. Burchard. Bernard G. Caulfield. William H. Forney. Burwell B. Lewis. John Goode, Jr. David B. Culberson. Jefferson P. Kidder. Thomas M. Patterson. John Reilly. Edward Y. Parsons. William Hartzell. Aylett II. Buckner. Benoni S. Fuller. John Bobbins. Benjamin Wilson. Aug. A. Ilardenbergh. THE HALL OF THE HOUSE OF KErRESENTATIVES Is 139 feet long, 93 feet Avicle, and 3G feet high. The gallery, running entirely around the hall, will accommodate 2,400 per- sons ; a portion, directly above the Speaker's chair, is set apart exclusively for the press reportei*s, and immediatel}- adjoining are the seats reserved for the diplomatic corps. The remainder of the gallery is open to the public, a large portion being re- served for ladies. In front of the Speaker's chair, and facing the members, are seats for the clerks of the House, and imme- diately in front of them sit the official reporters for the govern- ment. There are seats upon the floor for 302 membei-s, all of which are occupied. The ceiling of the hall is of iron (as is much of the ornamental work about the walls), and is supported by trusses from the roof. The stained glass panels in tiie ceiling each represent the coat of arms of a State. At night the illumi- nation is b}' 1,500 gas jets, ignited by electricity, the light shin- ing through these panels. Against the wall, east of the Speak- er's chair, is a full length portrait of Washington, ]iainted by Vaiulerlyn in 1834, and a companion to it on the west side is a full length portrait of Lafayette, presented by himself, and es- pecially valual)le as being one of the few portraits jiaiiited by Arv Scheffer (1822). «=n 34 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Privileged persons only aiv admitted to the floor of the House during session. At other times it is open to all. THE LIBHAKY OF CONGRESS. This is one of the most interesting features of the Capitol, and is located in the western projection of the centre building. The law department of the Library is in the basement, underneath the Supreme Court Room. The Library has suffered greatly from tire, having been en- tirely destro^'ed by the British in 1814, and losing 40,000 volumes i)y an accidental tire in the winter of 1851. To guard against the recurrence of such calamities, the present rooms when re- constructed, were built entirely of iron, making it the only tire- proof library in the world, the main room being completed in 1853, and the wings in 1807. The volumes and p.imphlets in the Library now number nearly 320,000, the collection having been enriched by the donation and purchase of many rare pri- vate collections, one of the most important being that of Peter Force, ex-mayor of Washington, whose labors for many yeaTs had secured the mo>()int. tl at it were disrespect to violate them, even in the laudalile jmrpose of honoring his memorv. The Crypt at present contains two pieces of statuary, namely, Oving Teciimsch and Lidaski, while the Tomb has only the catafahfue upon which the remains of President Lincoln and others have lain in stale. 36 CITY OF WASHINGTON. THE HKATIXG AND VENTILATIKG APPARATUS Is under each wing. The machinery is ver}'^ complete, and kept in beautiful condition. During the Cdld weather, heated air is forced up the flues into ever}'^ part of the building hy immense revolving fans; during the warm season, cold air is sent up: thus at all times the temperature can be controlled, and a free circulation of air obtained. This is a portion of the building not often visited but should not be omitted. THE CAPITOL POLICE Are ever ready to extend civilities to strangers in showing them about the building. Questions to the officers of police are readily answered, and an occasional inquiry is much more convenient and satisfactory to visitors than a labyrinthine description of how to find the entrances to out-of-the-way places. The places of interest are all stated here and a general indication of the part of the build- ing each is in. For further information consult the officers eni- plo3'ed by the government to furnish it to the people. THE EXECUTIVE MANSION Fronts Pennsylvania Avenue, between Fifteenth and Seventeenth Sts., a little over one mile west of the Capitol. The building was commenced in 1792; was modeled after the palace of the Duke of Leinster; is one hundred and seventy feet front and eighty-six deep, and is built of freestone, painted white. Dur- ing the war with Great Britain, August 24, 1814, it was de- stroyed with fire, by British troops, and James Madison, who was then President, was compelled to fly with his family for safety. The main entrance door opens into a grand vestibule, with a glass partition, a beautifully frescoed ceiling, and oil paintings upon the walls, of Washington b}' Stuart, Adams, Van Buren, Tyler, I'olk, Fillmore, and Pierce, by Healy, and Lin- coln, by Cogswell. The East Room, open daily, except Sundays, from 10 A. M. to 3 p. m., which is used as the grand recejjtion room, covers tlie entire depth of the eastern end of the build- ing, and is eighty feet long, fort}' wide, and twenty high. The Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room, conned ing with each otlier, and opening to the west from the East Room, are also used on certain public occasions, and receive tlieir peculiar names from the color of the walls and furniture. Opening west CITY OF WASHINGTON. 37 from the KlhI llooiu is tke State Dining- Room, an elegant apart- ment. Ill the western end of the house are accommodations for ihe i're.sident's family; and leading out from this end is tiie Coiiservatorv, open at day receptions, containing a great vari- ety of rare phmts. On the second floor, at tlie eastern end, are located the public offices of the President and his private secre- retaries. The grounds around the building, eighty acres in extent, are neatly kept, and during the favorable seasons pre- sent a beautiful appearance. Concerts by the Marine Band are given in the grounds south of the mansion every Saturday afternoon during the summer months, and always attract a gay assemblage. (See Official Etiqukitk.) TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Pennsylvania Avenue and 15th St., east of the p:xecutive INIansion. Visitors admitted daily, except Sunday, from !» a. m, to 2 p. M. The harmonious architecture, massiveness, and surroundings of this building, especially when viewed on the west side, are extremely imposing, the dimensions being : length, four hundred and sixty-five feet; width, two hundred and sixty-six feet. The larger portion is built of granite, from Uix Island quarries On the north front, in the centre of the pavement, is a beautiful fountain, built of granite, and on the western front is another, having its basin of the same material. The interior of the building is no less gratifying to the be- holder, and is admirably suited to the uses intended. With the exception of the centre, or older portion of the building, the rooms are large, commodious, airy, well lighted and furnished. The officers connected with the Treasury Department are, the Secretary, or head of the Department; First and Second Comp- trollers, and a Comptroller of the Currency; a Commissioner of Customs, Commissioner of Uevenue, and Commissioner of In- ternal Revenue; six Auditors, Treasurer, Register, and Solicitor, and the officers in charge of the Light house Board and Coast Survey. There are also a Director in charge of Statistics, a Supervising Architect, and a Superintendent of the building. 'I'lie office of the Second Auditor is in Winder's Building, oppo- site the Navy Department; and that of the Sixth Auditor in the building of the Post ODice Department. With a written order from the Secretary, and under the direc- tion of the Superintendent, the visitor can be admitted to the CITY OF WASHINGTON. 39 Printing Division of the National Currency Bureau. Heretofore, nil liiL' notps and bonds of the United ^States have been manu- lacturt'd in re, and the process is exceedingly novel and interest- ing. At present one side is printed b}-^ the (,'ulunibian Bank Note Company. The ponderous hydraulic presses, the delicate cut- ting and counting machines, the manufacture of paper and envel- ope-, the printing of the notes, and the intricate processes they are compelled to pursue, in course of manufacture, all present a busy and interesting scene. From a visit to the [>oaii Bureau, Redemption Division, (Jash-rooms, and vaults of the Treasurer's OtHce, the visitor obtains some idea of the tinancial operations of the government. The redemption and mutilation, and the counting of the United States currency is, in these offices, an interesting proceeding. The Cash-room itself is magnilicent. Its walls are con- structed of Sienna, Italian, and Pyrenean marble, with col- umns of white Tennessee ana Carrara marble. In combination with these are the red and dove-colored Tennessee. The floor is laid with white and red marble. From the ceilings hang gorgeous chandeliers. The furniture is of solid mahogany, and to secure the counters from outside intrusion, they are sur- mounted with a partition of heavy plate glass. Photography is applied to man\' uses in connection with the business of the Treasury, and is acconnnodated with a separate building south of the main structure. I he C'oast Survev, also a portion of the Treasury, has offices in another part of the cily. (See Coast Suuvey.) NEW BUILDING FOR STATE, WAR, AND NAVY DEPART- MENTS. To the west of the Executive Mansion is now being erected the magnilicent building which is to accommodate the State, War, and Navy Departments It will be an imposing structure with four fronts and it is ex|)ecte(l will surpass all other buildings in Washington except the Capitol. The material is granite from Dix island, Me., and Kichmond, Va. The diniensions from the outer lines of the porticoes and steps will be 5G0 feet in length by 345 feet in widti\. The height will be 128 feet. A small portion of this building is already occupied. THE WAR DEPARTMENT Occupies the building on the we>t side of the Executive Mansion, 40 CITY OF WASHINGTON. and fronts Pennsylvania Avenue. Tlie present edifice is in- significant and time-worn in its appearance, but will shortly give place to an imposing structure, which has been commenced on the site already referred to. The War Department is under the supervision of the Secre- tary of War, assisted by the Adjutant General, Quartermaster General, Commissary General, Pay master General, Surgeon Gen- eral, and chiefs of the Bureaus of Kngineers, Ordnance, Sig- nal Service, and Military Justice. Tlie most of these bureaus iiave their offices in the department building proper, but this being inadequate, some are located in adjacent buildings hired for the purpose. (See Winder's Building and Aujiy Medi- cal Museum.) Under the direction of the Signal Office, the useful and re- markably-accurate meteorological reports for the benefit of the public are daily made and published. The office of the chief signal officer is at present located in two houses on G Street, very near the department building. It is here that the weather reports are daily received by telegraph, from tlie observers stationed in different sections of the country. The numerous instruments in use are exceedingly delicate and accurate, being of the most improved patterns, and may be seen in the rooms upon the upper floor. THE NAVY DEPARTMENT Occupies the building a little soutli of, and similar in appearance to, the War Department edifice. The building already com- menced and previously referred to will cover the site of the present Navy Department, and the south wing of it will be occu- pied by the latter department. The Secretary of the Navy, and the officers in charge of the several bureaus, namely. Ord- nance, Equipment and Recruiting, Yards and Docks, Naviga- tion, Medicine and Surgery, Provisions and Clothing, Steam Engineering, and Construction and Repair, have their offices in this building and in Winder's Building opposite. One of the most interesting brandies of the department is. THE NAVAL OBSERVATORY Occupying buildings erected especially for it on the south side of E Street between 23d and 25th Sts. Take Pennsylvania Ave- nue cars to Wasliington circle at 23d St. The chronometers and compasses of the navy not in service are kept here, and as- CITY OF WASIUXGTOX. 41 tronomioal observations are made to an important extent. As may be conjeetured, tliere are many objects of rare interest to be seen here; and all the instrnments and appurtenances are of the liiiest and most valuable kind. Tiie elevated site on which tiie Observatory stands, before the country became settled, was the camp of a tribe of Indians, to whom all the territory in this rej^iou belonged, and who are thus described by Captain John Smith: "Such great and Avell-proportioned men are seldom seen; for they seem like giants to the English — yea, and to tiieir neighbors ; yet seemed of an honest and simple disposi- tion, and with much ado restrained from adoring us as God." Many strange legends are connected with this spot. THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE At present occupies a building belonging to the Protestant Or- phan Asylum of Washington. The building is located on I4tii St., and is temporarily occupied by the Department un- til the completion of the building mentioned in connection with the War and Navy departments. It was in this building that the Joint High Commission held its sessions in the spring of 1871, and framed the Treat\^ of Washington as a basis for the set- tlement of the existing points of difference between the gov- ernment and Great Britain. All the passports necessary for American citizens traveling abroad are issued here ; also par- dons by the President of convicted offenders against United States laws. The library of the department contains a remark- able collection of curious state papers. THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT Is located on the square bounded by 7tli and 8th, and E and F Sts., about half way between the Capitol and Executive Mansion, and three squares north of Pennsylvania Avenue. This is the site of the lirst Post Oflice, which was burnt in De- cember, 1836. The present building is one of the finest struct- ures in Washington. The architecture is Corinthian, and mate- rial white marble, which gives a beautiful and imposing effect. It has a front extending two hundred and four feet on E St., north, with wings of three hundred feet on 7th and 8th Sts. In the archway of the entrance for the mail-wagons, on the 8th St. side, is a well-executed piece of sculpture, representing the uses of steam and electricity. The Dead-letter Olfice is a |ililtBilil!IIII1ili«IM ''.igllE'l;! CITY OF WASHINGTON. 4.'J bureau of the department well worth a visit, where all the iiii- mailable and misdirected letters from the many thousand ])ost olhces throughout tiie country are sent and opened Letters, of which the names and addresses of the writers can be ascer- tained, are returned. Those not returnable, containini;' photo- graphs or anything of value, are tiled, and those witl)out in- closures are destroyed. THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT Is located in the Patent Olbce Building. This magnificent structure, the object of which is so closely connected with mechanical and social progress, is in all respects admirably adapted to its purpose. The principal front, with its splendid poriico, looks down 8th St. The grand entrance, which is ap- proached by a granite stair-way, opens into a spacious hall, from which a twofold flight of marble steps conducts to the fine galleries above; the centre portion of the building is applied to the purposes of the Patent OiKce. The east wn'ng gives accom- modation to the Secretary of the Interior and his assistants, together with the Commissioner of Patents and his staff, on the ground floor. In other parts of the building are the rooms of the General Land Othce and Indian Bureau. One sidendid saloon, designated the National Gallery, constitutes the second floor, where are deposited apparently innumerable models of patents, but which are really so classified and arranged as to be easily found; curiosities and mementos of national historN^, specimens of home manufacture, aiul other objects of interest are also exhibited. A fourfold range of columns, of massive Doric architecture, rising to the height of twenty feet, from which spring a series of arched, ceilings ten feet higher, give a grand effect to this elegant apartment. The fine cylindrical arch, rising superior to the others, and admitting light from above by its central aperture of thirteen feet diameter, is the crowning feature of the hall. The other halls on the same level are efpially magnificent, and correspond with that already de- scribed. At the present time especial interest will be felt in the many objects of historic interest stored here, although during the In- ternational Exhibition manv of them will be removed to Phila- delphia. Until recently Franklin's printing-jtress was exhibited iiere, but it having been claimed by a private citizen, and his claim recognized as valid, it has been removed. One of the 44 CITY OF WASHINGTON cases contains many relics of Washington; among other things, the uniform he wore when resigning his commission, his camp chest, tent, pieces of furniture, and many other articles. There are also the original Declaration of Independence, Washing- ton's commission as Commander-in chief, the coat worn by General Jackson at the battle of New Orleans, with many other relics and trophies, all of which are plainly labeled for the information of visitors. The Bureau of lulucation and the Census Bureau are on G St., corner of 8th, opposite the northeast corner of this building. This department also leases, for the use of the Pension Bureau, the Scaton House, lately used as a hotel, on Louisiana Avenue, between Gth and 7th Sts. THE DEPARTMENT OF JlTSTICE Is presided over by tlie Attorney General of the United States, and is accommodated in the south wing of the Treasury Depart- ment Building. It is the duty of tiie head of this department to prosecute and conduct all cases for the government appearing before the Supreme Court; and to render an opinion upon all legal points referred to him by the executive otiicers of the na- tional government. THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Occupies the building in the Mall, a short distance south of Pennsvlvania Avenue and between 12th and 14th Sts. This commanding, commodious, and conveniently arranged building was completed in 1868, and already the Department has proved itself exceedingly valuable to the agricultural interests of the countrv. The Ijeauty of its, grounds and surroundings are equally attractive to the simply curious visitor as to the farmer, to the admirer of the beautiful as to the botanist. The front grounds arc tastefully terraced, next the building is an osplTxnade with a carriage drive of fifty feet in Avidth and in length e(iual to the building: in front of this is a terrace known as the upper garden, which is laid out in walks and beds of flowers, and adorned with statuary and vases ; in front of this again, and tilling all the space save that of the if(.wer <:arden, is an arboretum for the growth of hardy trees and shrubs through which walks and drives are deftly arranged. So skillfully has all this been planned that while the ordinary visitor simply ad- mires the landscape gardening, (he scientist iinds all the plants •"';;:/.irniiiiiiii;ill!ilih!!!iii:i.|i ^■'''''i''''i''iliii!iiii!iSii|iliii!llliJ 46 CITY OF WASHINGTON. and trees classified into families and orders upon accurate botan- ical principles. At the rear of the building are the Experimental Grounds, covering several acres for gardening, fruit growing, and, by means of artificial swamps, the cultivation of water plants. Within the building there are on the first fioor, the oflices of the commissioner and clerks, rooms for the scientific investigations of the department in chemistry and microscopy, and the library of 8,000 volumes. On the second fioor is the Museum of Agri- culture, illustrating the agricultural products of the country, tlu'ir history, relations to the animal kingdom, with many other things of practical import which the attendants will explain. On the third floor is the Botanical Museum, Avith a very large and ever-increasing num'»er of specimens. Extending west as a prolongation of the main building, and including a wing extending south, are the Plant Houses, of which sections are assigned to tropical and semi-tropical fruits and plants, and a graper}^, with sundi-y divisions for miscellaneous plants. This department, always interesting, is especially so at the seasons of the year when the gorgeous flower beds are blooming. THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. The fine grounds and building of this Institution are in the Mall or Governmeiit Reservation No. 2, facing Pennsylvania Avenue and opposite South 10th St., west. The surrounding grounds directly attached to the building cover twenty acres, and with, the remainder of the reservation, are uiuler Congres- sional control. The great landscape gardener, Andrew .1. Down- ing, had much to do with tiie plans upon which the grounds were laid out, and was engaged upon this work at the time of his death. Therefore it was eminently fitting that the American Pomological Society should select this as the place to erect a tribute to his memory. At the north of the east wing of the building is a vase of Italian marble designed by Calvert Vaux, and executed by I>aunitz, which bears the name of the honored dead, the date of his death, and an inscription in his memory. The building is a substantial structure of red sandstone, in- intended to be fire-proof throughout. In architecture it is of the Lombardiim order, has nine towers, one of the two on the north side being one hundred and fifty feet high. It iuis a central or main building, with wings extending from either end, east and CITY OF WASHINGTON. 47 west respect ivL'Iy. The extreme length is four hundred and forty-seven feet, nnd the width of the main l)uil(lin!j; at the Widest part is one linndred and sixty feet. Tiie founder of tliis Institution was dames Smithson, an Eng- lish gentleman, son of the first Duke of Northumberland, a native of London, and a graduate of Oxford, who died in Italy in 1828. He was a scientitie man of high attaimnents, and spent his entire life in the close pursuit of his favorite studies, especially chemis- trv and geology. At ids death he becpieathed a life interest iu his estate to a nephew, after which the entire projjcrty was to <-ome to this countr}- to "found at Washington," "the Smith- siniian Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among nu'U." Tlu; legality of the l)e(iuest was tested in the English courts; the result of which was to sustain the will of the testator, and to accomplish ihe object the sum of $I>15,1G!) was placed in the Treasury of the IJiuted States, which has been in- creased by accumulations to $(!5(),0t)0 and is held as a i)ermanent endowment fund. Erom the savings of the income, the build- ing has been erected at a cost of $450,000. The National Museum, which forms a part of the Institution, is sustained by the government, and the current expenses are paid from the in- come of the fund. The corner-stone was laid IMay 1, 1847, with masonic cere- monies. President Polk was present with the cabinet, and Vice President (Jeorge M. Dallas was the orator of the occasion. In 185G the bidlding was ready for occupanc}', and in 18()5 was badly damaged by fire, on which occasion a galler}' of Indian portraits, a number of personal relics of the founder, with many valuable manuscripts and reports, were destroyed These losses were serious in their character and could not be replaced. The administration of the Institution is vested in a Board of Regents appointed by authority of Congress. The purposes of the Institution are the encouragement of scientific investigation, the circulation of scientific works, the distribution in foreign countries of the publications of historical and scientitie societies in this country, a system of international exchanges with kindred institutions and associations throughout the world, and the maintenance of an extensive system of meteorological observation throughout the Western Hemisphere for the determination of the climatic laws. In many other ways, direct and indirect, does this Institution fullill the enlightened purpose of its generous founder. 48 CITY OF WASHINGTON. The National Museum is the most interesting feature of the Institution. It contains the specimens gathered by more than fifty exploring expeditions of the government from every quar- ter of the globe. In ethnology it is said to be the richest col- lection in the world, and in all the departments of natural his- tory is very complete. At the time of this writing the Museum is being rearranged, and therefore an intelligent description of the several halls can- not be made; indeed, the scope of this work does not admit of detail of that kind. The intelligent visitor will readily discern the main points of interest, and will be much aided in the pur- suit of special investigation by the cards explaining the system of labeling which are posted for the use of visitors. The tall shaft of marble west of the Department of Agricul- ture, and so distinctly seen from all parts of the city, is the un- finished WASHINGTON MONUMENT, The corner-stone of which was laid July 4, 1848. The orig- inal design contemplates a circular building 2-50 feet in diame- ter and 100 feet high, and above this an obelisk seventy feet square at the base and 500 feet high. Subscriptions have been made sufficient to build the column to a height of 184 feet, but for a number of years the contributions have been barely eniiugh to keep it in repair. The design, furnished by Robert Mills, was a grand conception, and can be seen at the office in the Monument Grounds. Lining the inside of the monument, and also in the sheds erected near, are to be seen blocks of stone contributed by every nation, and by almost every class of people of all nations, bearing suitable inscriptions, and intended to tes- tify a universal respect for the great and good man. A feeling of sadness, almost of shame, comes over the American visitor as he contemplates this unfinished structure. But history teaches, by numerous examples, that such works, even in older and more wealthy nations, were never built by voluntary contributions. THE ARSENAL Is located on the extreme southern limit of the city, at the mouth of the Eastern Branch, and is in full view from the Navy Yard. Death-dealing implements of war, of everv imaginable construction and material, may l)e found hero; also a museum containing offensive and defensive war material from every na- tion, arranged Avith military precision, and in so neat and or- CITY OF WASHINGTON. 49 derl y a manner as to form a curious attraction. Curiosities from the battle-lieUls in tlie late war form a feature of special interest. It was here that the conspirators in the assassination of Presi- dent Lincohi were tried, convicted, and executed. The entrance to the Arsenal Grounds faces Four-and-a-half Street. THE COLUMBIA ARMORY Is the grim and solid-looking building in the square on 7th St. east of the Smithsonian Institution. This place is used by the District militia as a drill-ground and head-quarters, and is now being improved for these purposes. THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, One of the largest establishments of the kind, in the world, is located directly north of the Capitol. Nearly all the printing and binding required by Congress, and the numerous govern- ment departments in AVashington, is done in this building, and the most recent and perfect machinery is used in the execution of tlie work. The variety of the work performed here is very great, from the cheapest Congressional Reports to the highly il- lustrated books containing the results of scientific expeditions and departments of the government. Several hundred hands are employed, and the scene presented during working hours is busy and interesting. A visit should not be omitted by the in- quiring visitor. WINDER'S BUILDING. Northwest corner of F and 17th St. It is owned by the gov- ernment and used for the accommodation of a variety of public officers, namely, the Chief Engineer of the Armv, the Battle Kecord Room, Judge Advocate General of the Army, a portion of the Adjutant General's Office, the Army Ordnance Cilice and Museum, and the Second Auditor of the Treasury. ORDNANCE MUSEUM Is in Winder's Building, northwest corner of F and 17th Sts., in a detached building to the rear, and is entered from the second floor. The Ordnance OtHce of the War Department is also in tliat building. This museum contains many objects of great interest, namely, the captured confederate Hags, speciniens of uniform and e(juip- mcnts, models and drawings, curious arms of many kinds, ages, nationalities, and sizes. A very interesting place to visit. 50 CITY OF WASHINGTON. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, And office of the Surgeon General of the United States Army, is located on 10th St. between E and F Sts., in a building which was originally a church, subsequently Ford's Theatre, and specially Interesting as the place of the assassination of President Lincoln. Immediately after that event the government took possession of the premises, and subsequently bought the property for its pres- ent uses. The changes thereby required have completely al- tered the interior of the building. Upon the first and second floors are the offices of the Surgeon General, in which are kept the hospital records of the late war, and to which reports of the surgical departments of all military posts are forwarded. These records are valuable as supplying a greater part of the data upon which the action of the Pension Bureau is based, and number over 10,000 volumes. The dead roll of the army, 1861 to 1866, contains over 300,000 names. The Museum is on the third floor, and contains an immense number of specimens which are interesting especially to the sci- entific visitor. There are several divisions of specimens, namely. Surgical, Medical, Microscopical, Anatomical, Comparative Anatomy, and Miscellaneous. This collection, it is claimed, is unequaled in the world, and is of special interest to the surgical and medical profession, although not without interest to the layman. THE CONGRESSIONAL CONSERVATORY, Where rare plants from all parts of the world can be seen in full bloom, is opposite the west side of the Capitol Grounds and south of Pennsylvania Avenue. Beautiful and healtliv specimens of the date, fan, and other palm-trees, banana, india-rubber, coffee, and cinnamon trees, and a great number of tropical plants, are to be seen here. There are several thousand specimens in the collection, arranged in different conservatories, according to the required temperature. THE COAST SURVEY OFFICE, Under the care of the Navy Department, is in a neat and com- modious building on Capitol Hill, and within a few steps of the southern entrance to the Capitol Grounds. The results of the coast surveys of the United States are forwarded here and pre- pared for publication. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 51 THE GOVERNMENT ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE Is located on the bank of the Eastern Branch, opposite the Navy Yard. The building is large and beautifully proportioned, occu- pies an elevated and commanding site, and in all its arrange- ments, internal and external, is a model institution. It was built under authority of an act of Congress, and is for the ac- commodation of the insane of the army and navy of the United States, and of the District of Columbia. THE NAVY YARD, Located in the eastern section of the city, on the Anacostia River (the eastern branch of the Potomac.) The grounds com- prise about three hundred and tifty-seven acres, and are ap- proached, on the land side, through a handsome gateway, con- tiguous to which are several guns, trophies of naval Avarfare, the inscription on each stating its history. The Avorkshops, ordnance stores, mementos of maritime adventure, ship-houses, and frequently monitors and Avar A'^essels, present objects of in- terest sufficient to occupy A-^ery profitably the time of the visitor. Near the yard are the Marine Barracks and Marine Hospital. PUBLIC PARKS AND GROUNDS. The city of Washington enjoys abundant opportunities for the cir- culation of fresh air, no small advantage in a large and growing city. Its broad avenues and Avide streets, by their peculiar arrangement create large open spaces — triangles and circles — at points of inter- section, Avhich are, in common Avith several other open pieces of land .«fecured to the federal goA'ernment, and knoAvn as government reserva- • tions. Of these the most beautiful and attractive is The Fourteenth Street Circle, at the intersection of Massachu- setts and Vermont Avenues with 14th f?t., Avhere a tasteful fountain and an ornamental iron inclosure have been erected. A set of stone furniture of rustic design and elaborate finish, the Avork of a distin- guished Neapolitan artist, has been placed here and adds greatly to the attractions of the locality. Government Reservation No. 2. — The continuous stretch of ground comprising about two hundred acres, and extending from the Capitol Grounds to the IMonumental Grounds (or Park of the ^Vashington Monument), and indicated on the map as the Mall, it is proposed to 52 CITY OF WASHINGTON. improve with walks and drives, trees and shrubbery, fountains and ornamental works of various kinds. This is intended to provide a park drive from tlie Capitol to the Executive Mansion, which is already laid out and open to the public, although the improvements have not as yet made much progress. Within this space are the Government Conservatory, Smithsonian Institution, Department of Agriculture, and Washington Monument. This reservation is important as the dividing line between the northwest and southwest sections of the city. Lafayette Square, directly opposite and north of the Executive Mansion. It is a favorite place of resort, and its delightful shade and pleasant retreats, during the warm season, daily attract large numbers of people. In the centre of the Square stands Thr Equestrian Statue of Jackson. — The material in this statue is principally cannon captured by General Jackson at Pensacola, and the four brass six-pounders, at the base of the pedestal, were captured at the battle of New Orleans, in 1815. The entire height of the statue and pedestal is sixteen feet, and the centre of gravity is so nicely cal- culated that no other means are required to maintain it balanced in position upon the hind feet of the horse. Washington Circle and Statue. — Just north of the Naval Observa- tory, at the intersection of Pennsylvania and New Hampshire Avenues is Washington Circle, a pleasant litte park, containing the equestrian statue of Washington, modeled and cast in bronze by Clark Mills, by order of Congress, at a cost of $50,000. The artist has chosen as the proper illustration of his subject that eventful moment in the life of Washington, when, at the battle of Princeton, he turned the scale by leading his troops in person, and thus securing victory. The likeness is said to be one of the best in existence. Scott Circle and Statue. — Due north of the Executive Mansion, at the intersection of IGth St., Massachusetts and Rhode Island Ave- nues, is a small circle containing the bronze statue of General Winfield Scott. It is of colossal size, and represents the General in full uni- form on a thorough-bred charger. It is one of the finest works of art at the National Capitol, designed by II. K. Brown, and cast from cannon captured by the General in the war with Mexico. Farragut Square, Connecticut Avenue, between I and K Sts., north- west. In this square will be placed an heroic statue of Admiral Farra- gut, an appropriation for this purpose liaving been made in 1872. Franklin Square, between I and K, and 13th and 14th Sts., north- west. A very attractive little park. Scott Square, Vermont Avenue, bctv^ccn I and K Sts., northwest. The subject of changing the name of this square has been agitated, the proposition being to transfer the name to the circle in which tlie statue of General Scott has been placed, as has already been done by common usage. Judiciary Square, surrounding the City Hall, fronting Louisiana Avenue, at the head of Four-and-a-half St., between 4th and 5th Sts., northwest. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 53 Armory Square, south of Reservation No. 2 and east of the Smith- sonian Institution. Lincoln Park, at the eastern terniiuus of East Capitol St. Rawlins Square, on New York Avenue between ISth and 19th Sts., contains an heroic statue of General John A. Rawlins in bronze, by J. Bailey. Mount Vernon Place, formerly occupied by the Norton Market, is at the intersection of Massachusetts and New York Avenues, K and 8th Sts., is beautifully laid out, provided with seats, and contains a large and beautiful bronze fountain. P Street Circle, at the intersection of P St. with Rhode Island and Vermont Avenues, is being finished in an attractive manner, and con- tains a handsome fountain. The above are in various states of attractiveness, but they, with several other pieces of government land in the city, are undergoing improvements to such a degree as the Congressional appi-opriations will allow, under the supervision of the Commissioner of Public Buildings, who has charge of all the government grounds in the District. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. WASHINGTON ALMS-HOUSE. This handsome edifice, dedicated to corporate charity, and the re- straint and reformation of petty offenders, occupies an elevated site east of the Capitol, and is a rare specimen of the right building in the right place. Its architecture is pleasing and durable without unnecessary expense ; and a visit to it will repay any visitor inter- ested in such subjects. THE REFORM SCHOOL, For the correction and improvement of juvenile offenders, is located on the government farm, near Bladensburg, and is an interesting in- stitution. THE PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL Is chartered by Congress, and sums of money necessary for its proper support arc annually donated by that body. It is intended to receive invalid or outcast persons w ho are in bodily suffering, and is under the care of a board of prominent physicians of the city, and the Sis- ters of Charity of the Roman Catholic Church. The building, which is attractive in its outward appearance, and arranged with every com- fort within, is situated on the corner of Second Street East, and D Street South, in a very healthy location, a short distance couth of the Capitol. Visitors are received daily. 54 CITY OF WASHINGTON. THE COLUMBIA HOSPITAL, For Women and Lying-in- Asylum, is chartei'ed similarly to the above mentioned, and devoted to the objects indicated by its name. It is not, however, under the charge of any religious denomination, as is the case with Providence Hospital. THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Have recently completed a new building on 13th Street, near S, for which purpose Congress made an appropriation of $(25,000, and is doing a good work in behalf of needy and erring women and half orphaned or neglected children. The association supplies employment to women seeking work, and a home to many that otherwise would suffer for the ordinary comforts of life. THE YOUNG MENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Have a handsome building at the corner of Ninth and D Streets, where the stranger will always find a welcome. The rooms are open from nine a. m. to ten p. M. Newspapers and magazines, religious and sec- ular, from all parts of the countrj^, are to be found in the reading- rooms. The library embraces about twenty thousand volumes, of nearly every class of literature, and is free to all to read in the rooms ; and by the payment of an annual fee of two dollars, books can be taken away. The membership fee, entitling to all the privileges of the Association, is four dollars annually. VARIOUS CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. Besides the foregoing there are the Louisa Home, on Massachusetts Avenue, between 15th and 16th Streets ; St. John's Hospital for chil- dren, on I Street, between 20th and 21st Streets : Washington City Or- phan Asylum, on I Street, between Second and Third Streets ; The Epiphany Church Home, on H Street, between 14th and 15th Streets ; The National Soldiers' and Sailors" Orphan Home, on G Street, be- tween 17th and 18th Streets ; St. Ann's Infant Asylum, at K and 24th Streets ; The Home for the Aged, corner of H and Third Streets ; Chil- dren's Hospital, on E Street, between Ninth and Tenth Streets; and St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, corner Tenth and II Streets, are ail objects of interest. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, Lincoln Hall, one of the best audience rooms in the city, capable of seating about twelve hundred persons, is at the corner of 9th and D Sts., and is the popular hall for concerts and lectures. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 55 The National Theatre, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between 13th and 14th Streets. Masonic Hall, corner of 9th and F Streets, for miscellaneous enter- tainments. Ford's Opera House, 9th Street corner C Street. INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING. COLUMBIAN COLLEGE, The department of arts and sciences is located on 14th Street north of Boundary Street, the law department on 5th Street between D and E Street, and the medical department on H Street between 13th and 14th Streets. This institution is a source of especial pride to the citizens of Washington, having from the date of its incorporation in 1821 maintained a high position as a centre of learning. Its or- ganization embraces the various university courses, and in the law and medical departments is especially popular. Its library contains nearly ten thousand volumes. GEORGETOWN COLLEGE, Takes its name from its location, and is owned and controlled by clergymen of the Roman Catholic Church. This college has a very extensive influence, embracing at all times in its roll of students rep- resentatives from every portion of this continent ; and its systems of study are so thorough and progressive that it deservedly enjoys a national reputation of the highest order. The graduates of its medi- cal department include many distinguished names. The college library numbers thirty thousand volumes, including many ancient and curi- ous manuscripts and missals. The law department is located on 5th Street between D and E Streets, and the medical department on H Street between 13th and 14th Streets. HOWARD UNIVERSITY Is located on 7th Street, just outside the northern boundary line of Washington City, and although founded less then ten years since, has already made a wide reputation as an institution of learning. Its special feature is the admission of students without regard to race or color, and its advantages are chiefly enjoyed by colored men. The law and medical branches are admirably conducted, and very flourish- ing. GONZAGA COLLEGE, A Roman Catholic institution, on F Street, between 9th and 10th Streets. 56 CITY OF WASHINGTON. THE COLUMBIA INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB Is one of the best establishmeuts of the kind iu the country. It is located in the northeastern portion of the city, in a pleasant suburb familiarly known as Kendall Green. The architecture of the building is very fine, the system of instruction thorough, and the institution very interesting. In the chapel are plaster casts of the Abbe De TEpei and of Abb(5 Siceul, both distinguished for their service to deaf mutes. Open daily, except Sundays, and can be reached by the Columbia City Railroad. PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDINGS. The most attractive are the Franklin Building at the corner of 13th and K Streets, northwest ; the Wallace, on Pennsylvania Avenue and 6th Street, southeast ; the Seaton, on I Street, between 1st and 2d Street, northwest ; the Jefferson, corner 6th Street and Virginia Avenue, soutliwest ; and the Sumner, for colored children, corner M and 17th Streets, northwest. These are all large, and the arrange- ments for the purposes intended are very complete. THE CORCORAN ART GALLERY. Mr. W. W. Corcoran, a wealthy citizen of "Washington and a liberal patron of art, has erected a beautiful building with all the necessary appointments for a complete art gallery, entirely at his own cost, which he has donated to public uses and conveyed to a board of trustees to be held as a perpetual trust. It stands at the northeast corner of 17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. It was commenced in 1859, and in 1861, when nearly completed, was taken by the govern- ment for the use of the quartermaster's deparment, and surrendered to its owner in 1869, after which it was finished and dedicated to its intended purpose. The foundation of the exhibition was Mr. Corcoran's personal collec- tion, embracing a large number of rare paintings, Powers -s " Greek Slave," and a variety of marbles to which have been added from the fund, bronzes, plaster copies of many antiques and the Elgin mai-bles in the British Museum, and a variety of choice specimens of tlio ce- ramic art. To this donation and the building the donor has added a fuiid from which an income will arise to maintain the gallery and in- crease tlie collection. Catalogues may be purchased at the door. Open daily from 10 a. m. until near sunset ; free on Tuesdays, Thurs- days, and Saturdays. Admission, twenty -five cents, on Mondays, Wed- nesdays, and Fridays. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 57 STREET RAILWAYS. METROPOLITAN RAILROAD COMPANY. (COMMONLV CALLED THE P STREET LINE.) The eastern terminvis is East Capitol Street, whence the cars run through portions of First and B Streets, N. E., New Jersey Avenue, D, Fifth, F, Fourteenth, H, and Seventeenth streets, and Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the B. & 0. R R. Depot, City Hall, Post Office De- partment, Patent Office, Ebbitt House, the Arlington, La Fayette Squai'e, and within one square of the Treasury Department and Ex- ecutive Mansion, to the Corcoran Art Gallery and War and Navy de- partments. GEORGETOWN BRANCH. Cars leave the main line at H and Seventeenth Streets, running through portions of Seventeenth Street, Connecticut Avenue, and P Street, over Rock Creek into Georgetown, and through West, High, Fayette, Dunbarton, and Montgomery Streets, passing the residence of the British Legation and the Convent of the Visitation. NINTH STRKET BRANCH. Cars leave the intersection of Seventh and Boundary Streets running througli Boundary and Ninth Streets, intersecting the main line at F Street, where transfer tickets are given for the east or west to B Street, through Sixth Street, Missouri Avenue, and Four-and-a-half Street to the Arsenal gate, passing the Patent Office, Masonic Temple, Lincoln Hall, Wall's Opera House, Centre Market, and B. & P. R. R. Depot. WASHINGTON AND GEORGETOWN RAILROAD COMPANY. Georgetown is the western terminus of this line, whence its cars run through Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the Corcoran Art Gallery, War, Navy, and Treasury departments, Executive Mansion, La Fayette Square, Willard's, Impei-ial, National, Metropolitan, St. James, and Washington hotels. Congressional Conservatory, the Capitol, B. & 0. R. R. Depot, to the Marine Barracks and Navy Yard. The blue cars run between Georgetown and the B. & 0. R. R. Depot only : but the red cars traverse the entire route. This railroad has two branches, for whicli transfer tickets can be olit;nncd. The principal one of these sUirts from tlie foot of St-vcnth Street, where it connects with the southern mail boats, and, crossing the main track at right angU\><, continues to tlic city boundary, within a few minutes" walk of Howard University, passing en route the 58 CITY OF WASHINGTON. grounds of the Smithsonian Institution, the Post Office Department, and the Patent Office. The other branch leaves the main line at the junction of New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street, opposite the Treasury Department, and runs thence, through New York Avenue and Fourteenth Street to the city boundary, passing the Department of State. SILVER SPKING BKAMCH. Cars leave the intersection of Seventh and Boundary Streets, con- necting with the Seventh and Ninth Street lines, running north through Seventh Street, passing Howard University, Schutzen Park, Soldiers- Home, and terminating at the road leading east to Rock Creek Church. JiEW ROAD, "belt ROAD." Cars start from the Capitol, running north through Fu'st and Fourth Streets to 0, west through to Eleventh, south through Eleventh, E, and Fourteenth Streets, Ohio Avenue, and Twelfth Street, passing the Agricultural Department, thence east to the starting place at the Cap- itol. COLUMBIA STREET RAILROAD COMPANY. The cars of this line start from the junction of New York Avenue and Fifteenth Street, opposite the Treasury Department, running through New York Avenue and K Street, Massachusetts Avenue and II Street, passing the Government Printing Office, to the site of the old toll gate at the city boundary, on the Bladensburg Road. CHURCHES. Church architecture in the national capital has improved greatly during the past few years, and to-day each leading denomination has one or more church buildings that are elegant and attractive. Of these, mention may be made of the Cliurch of the Ascension and Trinity, Episcopal; the Metropolitan, with its line chime of bells, and The Foundry, Methodist Episcopal; New York Ave- nue, Presbyterian; St. Aloysius and St. Dominick's, Roman Catholic; and the First Congregational. Several otiier denominations have edifices which are commodious and comfortable, although without special claims to architectural beaut^'. The hours of service on the Sabbath are generally with all denominations the same, namely, 11 a. m. and 7 1-2 p. m. The following is a list of the names and locations of some of the prominent churches and pastors : — Baptist. — First, 13th St., between G and II. Rev. J. II. Cuthbert. D. D., pas- tor. E Street, E St., between 6th and 7th Sts., vacant. Calvary, corner Sth and H Sts.. Rev. I. W. Parker, D. D., pastor. Congregational. — First, corner 10th and G Sts., Rev. .1. E. Rankin, D. D., pastor. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 59 Ei'iscoPAL. — Ascension, Massachusetts Avenue, coiner 12th St., Rt. Rev. Wm. Pinkney, rector, Rev. J. H. Elliott, assistant. Epiphany, G St., between l.'Uh and 14th Sts., Rev. \V. F. Watkins, D. D., rector. Trinity, corner 3d and C Sts., Rev. Thomas G. Addison, D. D., rector. Lutheran.— Memorial, corner N and 14th Sts.. Rev. J. G. Butler, D. D., pastor. St. Paul's, corner 11th and H Sts., Rev. Samuel Doiner. Methodist Episcotal.— Metropolitan, corner 4 1-2 and C Sts., Rev. J. P. Newman, D. D., pastor. Foundry, corner G and 14th Sts., Rev. II. A. Cleve- land, pastor, llamline, corner 9th and P Sts., Rev. R. \V. Black, pastor. Methodist Episcopal (South). — Mt. Vernon, corner Uth and K Sts., Rev. Alpheus Wilson, pastor. Pkesbytekian. — First, 4 1-2 St., Rev. B. Sunderland, D. D., pastor. New- York Avenue, New York Avenue, between 13th and 14th Sts., Rev. S. S. Jlitchell, D. D., pastor. Capitol' Hill, 4th St., N. E., Dr. John Chester, pastor. Roman Catholic. — St. Matthew's, corner 15th and H Sts., Rev. Charles I. White, D. D., pastor. Rev. D. DeWulf, assistant. St. Aloysius, corner North Capitol and I Sts., Rev. I. Ciampi, S. J., pastor ; Rev. A. L. Jamison, S. A. F., assistant. St. Dominick's, corner 6th and F Sts., S. W. (Island), Rev. M. B. Fortune, O. S. D., pastor ; Rev. I. Sheridan and Rev. R. Scannel, O. S. D., as- sistants. For further information see City Directory. LEADING HOTELS. The Arlington, Vermont Avenue, between H and I Sts., T. Roessle & Son, Prop's. Ebbitt House, F St., corner 14th, C. C. AVillard, Prop. Imperial Hotel, E St., between 13th and 14th, I. S. Pierce, Prop. Metropolitan Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, between Cth and 7th Sts., George B. Cake. National Hotel, corner Pennsylvania Avenue and Oth St., F. Tenney & Co. St. James Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 6th St., Wood- bury & Duren. St. Marc Hotel (European plan), Pennsylvania Avenue, corner 7th St., John II. Semmes. Willard's Hotel, Pennsylvania Avenue, cor. 14th St., J. F. Cake & Co., Prop's. Owen House, Pennsylvania Avenue, between 14th and loth Sts., Jordan & Gordon. " Wormley's," corner H and 15th StS., James Wormley. Washington House, corner 3d St. and Pennsylvania Avenue, Mrs. A. F. Bev- eridge. Wekker's, 727, 15th St., Mrs. John C. Welcker. Gray's, 020, 15 1-2 St., John A. Gray. Congressional Hotel, Capitol Hill, William Sanderson. 60 CITY OF WASHINGTON. THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. OFFICES OF THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT. The principal oificers are at present occupying tlie Morrison Build- ing on Four-and-a-half St., near Pennsylvania Avenue, and a por- tion of THE CITY HALL. This building was commenced in the year 1820, and after a long period, during which it remained in a fi-agmentary state, was brought to its present extent in 1850. The original plan contemplates a much larger structure, the portion already completed embracing only one wing. It presents a commanding appearance, with a front, in stucco, of two hundred feet. The location is on Judiciary Square, at the head of I'our-and-a-half St., and facing Louisiana Avenue. In the centre of the open space in front stands a monument to President Lincoln, erected in 1868 by the residents of Washington, and designed by one of its citizens. THE DISTRICT GOVERNMENT Is vested in the Congress of the United States. That body originally delegated the control to a board of commissioners, then to a superin- tendent, then to a mayor appointed by the President. Afterward a more liberal charter allowed the citizens to elect their mayor and mu- nicipal councils. But this was unsatisfactory, and a territorial organ- ization being generally desired, Congress passed an act, in 1870, providing for the change, and in April, 1871, anew government was organized. Its officers consisted of a Governor, a Secretary, a Council or Upper Board of the Legislature, a Board of Public Works, and a Board of Health, all appointed by the President for certain terms, and confirmed by the Senate of the United States ; a Delegate to Congress, and a House of Delegates or Lower House of the Legislature, and other officers, elected by the people. Early in 1872 Congress was memorialized regarding many acts of the Board of Public Works, which had been created by the new organiza- tion of the government, complaint being especially dii-ected against the large and rapid increase of the debt of the District. An investi- gation was ordered which terminated in a disagreement of the Com- mittee, and no action was taken by Congress. The subject was agitated again in 1874, and certain alleged irregularities were objected to, in consequence of which a joint committQC from both houses was ap- poi:i;el to investigate the subject, which resulted in a report con- deiu.iiiig the system of the District Government as costly, unwieldy, CITY OF WASHINGrON. 61 and lacking in essential elements of protection of the public treasury and checks upon bad government, the tcx-minatiou of which was au act passed June 20, 1874, abolishing the existing territorial organiza- tion, but retaining the Board of Health, and vesting the powers of ad- ministration in a board of three commissioners pending the further action of Congress. THE VICINITY OF WASHINGTON Is remarkably full of historic interest; its landscape scenery is beautil'ul, and the suburban drives delightful. To the northeast, about six miles from the city, on the Ana- costia Kiver, commonly known as the Eastern Branch of the Potomac, which before the Eevolution was a navigable stream to this point, is the village of BLADENSBURG, Interesting principally as a battle-ground in the War of 1812. On the road are indications of lines of rille-pits, heavy fortilications, and other marks of the late war. About four miles out, is tlie "old dueling ground," made memorable by the duels partici- pated in by Senator Mason, Commodore Decatur, Henrj^ <-'lay, John Randolph, Midshipman Locke, Doctor Johnson, A. J. Dallas, and many other prominent characters. FORTIFICATIONS About two miles outside of Washington, and completely en- circling the city, there was, during the war, a chain of fortifica- tions, connected by a military road. There were more than fifty large forts, besides as many smaller batteries, which mounted more than one thousand guns, many of them of the heaviest calibre. All of the fortifications on the north and east sides have long since been dismantled, and their outlines may be seen in the various eminences around the cit}'. Fort Foote, an earth- work, in Maryland, south of the city, still remains. Also Fort Whipple, on Arlington Heights. The latter is used as a station or school of instruction for the Signal Corps of the United States Armv. DRIVE TO THE NORTH. The section of country immediately north of the city is full of interest. , Driving out of the road north of the Capitol, the beau- tiful Cemetery of Glen wood is passed. Next appears what was, 62 CITY OF WASHINGTON. during the war, the site of Harewood Hospital, on the carefully kept and elegant grounds of Mr. W. \V^ Corcoran. These grounds have recently been purchased by the government and included in the " Soldiers' Home." West from this is THE MILITARY ASYLUM, Or " Soldiers' Home," situated on an eminence commanding an extensive view, and surrounded by grounds of great beauty, which are kept in perfect order by the infirm veterans of the army. The buildings themselves are handsome and commo- dious, and, during the summer months, the President and family have the privilege of residing in one of them. President Lin- coln made this his summer residence. The government has nearly completed a large stone building Avhich is intended to be the "model hospital of the world." In the rear of the Asylum is a soldiers' cemetery covering many acres, handsomely fenced in, carefully tended, and ornamented with flower-beds, ever- greens, shrubbery, and clinging vines. Here sleep thousands of those who died from disease or wounds contracted in the army. A simple head-board, painted white, having inscribed on it in black letters the name and rank, marks each grave. North of the Asylum is the ROCK CREEK CHURCH, A solemn looking edifice, built in the time of Washington, orig- inally of brick brought from England, but since rebuilt in more modern style and material. BATTLE-GROUND. From the Military Asylum and the Rock Creek Church a drive of nearly a mile brings the sight-seer to the Seventh St. road, and about two miles north is the spot where the conflict occurred bet^veen the Confederates and the Sixth Army Corps. This was the nearest approach of the Southern troops to the city during the war. Their officers entertained themselves at Montgomery Blair's country residence, " Silver Springs," which is just inside the district limits, on the Seventh St. road. Con- tinuing the drive toward Georgetown, on the Rock Creek road, the location of the proposed public park is passed, which in natural beauty offers exceedingly rare advantages for the pur- pose. Taking the Fourteenth St. road, the favorite drive on pleasant afternoons of the possessors of fast teams, passing Columbian College, and continuing west by a way having scenery remarkable for its rugged beauty, CITY OF WASHINGTON. 03 GEORGETOWN, Washington's twin city, is reached. It is three miles west of the Capitol, and separated from the city of Washington by Kock Creek, Avhicli is spanned by a beautiful iron bridge. The city is located upon high ground, and commands a beautiful prospect of the Capitol and the valley of the Potomac. It is a port of entry, carries on a considei'able trade, and is the greatest shad, and herring market in the United States ; large quantities of these fish being caught in the Potomac and brought here for packing. The flouring business is extensively carried on, and keeps ten mills in constant operation. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is carried over the Potomac at this place, upon an aqueduct one thousand four hundred and forty-six feet long and thirty-six feet high, costing in its construction two millions of dollars. The canal extends to Cumberland, a distance of one hundred and eighty-four miles, through a country teeming with mineral products. The entire cost of the work was $12,000,000. There are eight chui-ches in the city, two banks, a college, a convent, and several hotels. LITTLE FALLS. Three miles Avestward from Georgetown the Potomac forms a succession of cascades, designated the "Little Falls." The river at this point is exceedingly beautiful. A substantial bridge here crosses the turbulent stream to the Virginia shore, and from it a drive of tifteen miles through an interesting hill and forest country leads to the GREAT FALLS. This romantic water-fall is a sublime specimen of the wild- est mood of nature. Through jagged barriers of rock, the river forces its way with great power. It is a favorite resort of excur- sion parties, who follow the fine drive on top of the aqueduct. From this point of the river the Avater used by the people of Washington is conveyed to the city by means of the WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT. This enterprise has cost nearly three millions of dollars, and affords the city a more than ample water supply. There are, in all, upon this work eleven tunnels, some of them many hundred feet in length, and six bridges. The most re- 64 CITY OF WASHINGTON. markable of these is the bridge that spans a small tributary of the Potomac, called the Cabin John Creek, by a single arch, two hundred and twenty feet in span, and one hundred feet high, be- ing the largest stone arch in the world. The receiving reservoir is formed by throwing a dam across a small stream known as the Powder-mill or Little Falls branch. The dam is of pounded earth, and floods above fifty acres, making a reservoir of irreg- ular shape, containing, at a level of one hundred and forty feet above high-tide, 82,521,500 gallons. The water leaves it at a distance of three thousand feet from the point where it enters, and, in slowly passing across this pool, which deepens to thirty or forty feet near the exit, deposits most of its sediment. The Powder-mill branch supplies two or three millions of gallons of pure water daily to the reservoir. The conduit is nine feet in dimensions, and discharges 67,596,- 400 gallons in twenty-four hours. Some idea of the magnitude of the enterprise may be formed by comparing the statement above given with the fact that the Croton Aqueduct supplies 37,000,000 gallons in the same period. ARLINGTON. This magnificent estate, formerly the property of George Washington Parke Custis, is situated directly' opposite George- town, on the south bank of the Potomac. It became the prop- erty of the Lee family by inheritance, and, at the beginning of the late war, was the residence of Colonel Robert E. Lee, after- ward so prominent in the Confederate military service. The place is rich in historic memories that make it a point of special interest, which is greatly enhanced by the events of the late war that centred here, and b}^ the present conditions and surround- ings of the place. During the recent war the buildings were used for military purposes, and the grounds frequently for military camps. Hav- ing been subsequently bought by the government, at a tax-sale, it has been devoted to other public uses. A portion of the land is devoted to an extensive cemetery, where 15,589 soldiers have been buried. Of these many iiun- dreds have been exhumed, but the date of removal is added to the inscription on the head-boards, which are allowed to re- main. There are over 4,000 unknown, of which 2,111, who fell at Bull Run and on the route to the Rappahannock, are interred under a granite monument near the entrance to the cemeteiy. CITY OF WASHINGTON. 65 Each grave, 13,478 in all, is marked with a neat head-board bearing the name of the deceased, and a register in the office of the superintendent gives further information ALEXANDRIA Is seven miles distant from Washington, with which city there is a constant communication by steamboat and railroad. In the latter part of his life, George Washington was a pew- holder of Christ Church, in this city, and many reminiscences of that great man are preserved in the records of this ancient church, and also in the archives of Washington Lodge, No. 22, of Free and Accepted Masons, also located here. Alexandria is connected with Georgetown and the West by a canal, and a con- siderable manufacturing business is carried on. About seven miles south of Alexandria is MOUNT VERNON, Once the home, and now the resting-place of Washington. The estate is now the property of "The Women's Mount Vernon Association." The tomb contains the remains of Washington and his wife Martha, and is a plain brick structure, having in front an iron- grating door, through which may be seen the sarcophagi inclos- ing the remains. The mansion contains many historical relics, among which may be mentioned the key of the Bastile, pre- sented by Lafayette; portions of the military and personal fur- niture of Washington, family portraits and musical instruments, etc. Also Rembrandt Peale's {)ainting of " Washington before Yorktown." Lafayette's room and the one in which Washington died December 14, 1799, are open to visitors. Steamboats run from Washington to Mount Vernon daily ; a portion of the passage money is devoted to the care and support of the buildings and grounds. This is the only money received from the people for this object. The Mount Vernon steamboats stop at FORT WASHINGTON, On the opposite side of the river, about six miles from Alexan- dria. It was built in 1812, and strongly' fortified during the late war. 5 CITY OF WASHINGTON. OFFICIAL ETIQUETTE. The following code of official etiquette is generalh' recognized : The President. — The hours for receiving business calls are from 10 A. M. to 12 jvi. for Senators and Representatives, and from 12 M. to 3 p. m. for the public, except on Cabinet days which are Tuesdays and Fridays. Persons simply Avishing to pa}^ their respects to the President should note on their cards, " to pay respects," and limit calls to two or three minutes. Spe- cial days and evenings are assigned each season for calls of re- spect; one morning and evening a week being usually desig- nated for this purpose. Receptions, which all persons are privileged to attend, are held during the winter season, generally semi-monthly after Jan- uary 1, between 8 and 10 o'clock p. m., at which there is no restriction or regulation as to dress. Announcements of these receptions or levees are made through the daily papers, and the guests are presented to the President, by name, by the United States Marshal. The Marine Band furnishes the music on these occasions. The President holds a public reception on the 1st of January, when the Diplomatic Corps present themselves in court costume, and the officers of the army and navy in full-dress uniform. The executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the govern- ment are received between the hours of ] 1 and 12, after which the diplomatic corps, officers of the army and navy, and finally civilians tn masse. The President accepts no invitations to dinner, and makes no calls or visits of ceremon}'; but is at liberty, to visit, without ceremony, at his pleasure. An invitation to dinner at the President's must be accepted in writing, and a previous engagement cannot take precedence. The address of the Executive, in conversation, is Mr. Presl dent. The afternoon receptions at the Executive INIansion are held b}' the ladies of the house on such days as may lie selected by them, assisted by such other ladies as they may invili-, between the hours of 2 and 5 v. m. No invitations to these are given, CITY OF WASHINGTON. 67 and strangers are at liberty to call. Dress suitable on these oc- casions is the ordinary calling costume. The Vice President. — A visit from the Vice President is due the President on the meeting of Congress. The Vice Presi- dent is entitled to the tirst visit from all others, which he may return by card or in person. The Supreme Court. — The judges call upon the President and Vice President annually, upon the opening of the court and on the first day of January. The Cabinet. — Members of the President's Cabinet call upon the President on New Year's Day. First calls are also due from them, by card or in person, to the Vice President, Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, on the meeting of Congress. The Senate. — Senators call in person upon the President and Vice President on the meeting of Congress and 1st da}' of January. They also call in person, or by card, upon the Judges of the Supreme Court, and the Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, on the meeting of Congress. The Speaker of the House of Representatives. — The Speaker calls upon the President on the meeting of Congress and the 1st day of January. The first call is also due from him to the Vice President, on the meeting of Congress. The House of Representatives. — Members of the House of Representatives call in person upon the President on the 1st day of January, and upon the Speaker of the House at the open- ing of each session. They also call, by card or in person, upon the President, Vice President, Judges of the Supreme Court, Cabinet Officers, Senatoi's, Speaker of the House, and Foreign Ministers, soon after the opening of each session of Congress. Foreign Ministers. — The Diplomatic Corps call upon the President on the 1st day of January, and upon the Vice Presi- dent, Cabinet Officers, Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, and Speaker of the House, by card or in pei'son, on the first op- portunity after presenting their credentials to the President. They also make an annual call of ceremony, by card or in per- son, upon the Vice President, Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, and Speaker of the House, soon after the meeting of Congress. The Court of Claims. — The Judges of the Court of Claims call in person upon the President on the 1st day of January. They also make first visits to Cabinet Officers and the Diplo- 68 CITY OF WASHINGTON. matic Corps, and call, by card or in person, upon the Judges of the Supreme Court, Senators, Speaker and Members of the House, soon after the meeting of Congress. The Families of Officials. — The rules which govern officials are also applicable to their families, in determining the conduct of social intercourse. Receptions — Besides the receptions of the President already specified, the Vice President, Speaker of the House of Represen- tatives, members of the Cabinet, and other government officials hold stated receptions which are usually known as " card recep- tions," to which none are expected except those receiving cards. There are some receptions, however, especially of the Vice Pres- ident and Speaker of the House, the announcements of which are made through the public press, that all persons are priv- ileged to attend, the same as the President's public levees. The wives of Cabinet Officers, prominent Senators and Repre- sentatives and other officials, also "receive " during the season, which commences January 1 and continues until Lent. At afternoon receptions no invitations are sent. Announcements of these are made through the daily papers, same as for the Pres- ident's levees. For evening receptions "cards" are issued, ex- cept otherwise noticed in the announcement. Any individual, having legitimate business with any depart- ment, or any official from the President downward, will find that all reasonable requests are met with the utmost politeness. From the highest to the lowest, the conduct of the officials at the seat of government is regulated by a code of courtesy which is based upon the recognized sovereignty of the people. No fees are needed to procure access to the President or the chiefs of de- partments during the hours set apart for the approach of the public. If a document has been filed away in some dusty pigeon-hole for half a century, and you are entitled to peruse it, although it may require several days of labor, the proper officer will, in due time, produce it for your inspection. Nothing op- poses the entrance of the humblest citizen ; and patience seems to be the universal characteristic of every employee. Perhaps it may not be out of place to suggest, that an equal courtesy re- quires the visitor to avoid an unnecessary consumption of pub- lic time, by requesting what cannot be given, or asking ques- tions which cannot be answered. DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING. ♦ COAT. Length, from 1 to 2 and 3. Arm, 4 to 5 and 6. Around the breast, under the coat, 7. Around the waist, under the coat, 8. Height, — feet — inches. AATeight, — lbs. VEST. Length, from 1 to 13, with last two coat measures. PANTS. Outside seam from top of waistband, 10. Inside leg seam, from crotch* 12. Around the waist, under the coat, 8. Around the hips, under the coat, 14. We are doing a very liarge and increasing business by the above sys- tem of measurement, which is used successfully by hundreds of our patrons. Samples and prices promptly forwarded by mail upon re- quest. DEVLIN & CO. p. O. BOX 2256, NEW YORK. THE AMERICAN YOKE SHIRT. UNRIVALED FOR ITS FIT, ELEGANCE, AND DURABILITY. MODE OF MEASUREMENT. 1. Size of Neck, at 1. 2, 3, Length of Shirt, from 2. Length of Sleeve, from 3 to 4, and 5, and 6. Across the breast from 7 to 8. Around the Breast. Around the Waist. REMARKS. state, when ordering, whether- Open Front or Back. High or low at neck. Style of Bosom, plain or plaited. Cuffs attached or detached. Collars attached or detached. Buttons, Studs, or Eyelets. Collars and cuffs detached from the shirt involve an extra expense. We are the sole manufacturers of the above Shirt, which we supply either ready-made or to order. Our stock of Fancy Shirtings is always large. Prices and information promptly forwarded by mail, when re- quested. DEVLIN &. CO. p. O. BOX 2256 NEW YORK. 1106 F Street, Washinffton, D. C J. DEVLIN. 11- C. OGDEN. Devlin and Company, LEADING CLOTHIERS, READY-MADE AND TO ORDER, NEW YORK CITY. SPECIAL FEATURES. The aim of our bus^iness has always been TO SUPPLY THE BEST GOODS IN QUALITY, STYLE, AND FINISH, AT TUE LEAST POSSIBLE FltlC'E. By a liberal investment of capital, a lavish outlay of money to secure the best artistic talent in the production of our styles, and unceasing effort ia obtaining the choicest fabrics, we are enabled, at all times, to display the most elegant stock in the country of READY-MADE CLOTHING AND Pieee-Goods for Custom Orders. The advantages we thus offer are so appreciated that the sales of our goods continuaH.v increase ; and under this stimulus we are constantly enlarging our facilities for manufacturing and improving the styles of our garments, it being our intention in the future, as in the past, to liCad the Fashions for Gentlemen's Dress. OuK Offkk in Washington is 1106 F STREET. rr HEAD-QUARTERS FOR THE BEST NAVAL AND MILITARY CLOTHING. Our extended experience in the manufacture of the finest UNIFORM CLOTHING For Officers of the Army and Navy, Cadet Uniforms for the Naval Academy, and for several of the leading State Universities and Colleges ; Full and Fatigue Dress for the National Guard, and UNIFORMS FOR BOYS' WEAR AT SCHOOL, Has made us entirely familiar with every detail of this peculiar busi- ness ; and our determination to surpass all competition in the style, durability, and economy of our Military Work has been fully crowned with success. We claim to offer unequaled facilities for producing Elegant and Durable Uniforms Of every description ; and we especially excel in all work requiring gold lace, which we put upon the garments by a special process, with remarkable exactness and brilliancy. We have lately prepared a book upon Militarj^ Dress, for the use of parties contemplating the purchase of Military Outfits, which will be sent free, upon application, to any Officer of the Army or Navy, to the Commandant of any Regiment or Company of State Militia or National Guard, to any Band Leader, to any duly authorized Uniform Commit- tee of a Military Organization, or to the Principal of any Military In- stitution. DEVLIN & CO. 1106F STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C. 459 & 461 Broadway , cot: Grand Street, 258 & 260 Broadway, cor. Warren Street, NKW YORK.