Class J\5 7C) Book.. .ZZ GBwfeht F ,fiy COPYRIGHT DEPOSH1 "LEVIATHAN" IN BREST HARBOR THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A REGIMENT A HISTORY OF THE 304th FIELD ARTILLERY IN THE WORLD WAR BY JAMES M. HOWARD Captain, Regimental Chaplain ILLUSTRATED BY MR. PERRY NEWBERRY LIEUT. ROGER McE. SMITH CPL. MICHAEL LEMMERMEYER PRIVATES ARCHIE ANDERSON FRED DALRYMPLE REVARD GRAHAM E. H. REIMS, Jr. W. H. TRUESDELL CAPT. HARRY KEMPNER NEW YORK 1920 Copyright, 1920, by JAMES M. HOWARD MAR 30 1920 ©CU565382 TO THOSE MEN OF THE 304th FIELD ARTILLERY WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES IN BATTLE FOR THE CAUSE OF LIBERTY AMONG THE PEOPLES OF THE EARTH THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED IN THE NAME OF THE REGIMENT IN WHOSE RANKS THEY SERVED WITH PERFECT LOYALTY AND UTTER DEVOTION CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 1917 Officers commissioned Aug. 15 Officers reported to Camp Upton Sept. 2 Regiment organized Sept. 5 Arrival of first increment of first draft (N. Y. C.) .... Sept. 9 Arrival of second draft (N. Y. C.) Oct. 10-12 Arrival of third draft (" Up State ") Dec. 10-12 1918 Col. Briggs took command of reg't April I Departure of Infantry of 77th Div April 12 Replacements arrived (Iowa and Minn.) April 18 Dedication of the colors April 18 Departure from Camp Upton April 22 Sailed on Leviathan from Hoboken April 24 Arrived at Brest May 2 Trip to Bordeaux and Camp de Souge May 7-10 Training at Camp de Souge May 10-July 1 First day on range with guns May 27 First road march June 27 Parade in Bordeaux July 4 Entrained at Bonneau for front July 9-1 1 Arrived at Baccarat July 12-14 First battery in position ( Btry D) July 12 First shot fired by reg't (Btry D) July 14 Left Lorraine front Aug. 1st Entrained at Einvaux for Vesle front Aug. 6 Detrained at La Ferte Gaucher Aug. 7 Hike to Vesle front Aug. 10-12 First battery in position (Btry B) Aug. 13 First casualties (Btry B) . ., Aug. 19 Group of officers transf . for duty in U. S. A Aug. 23 Col. Briggs commissioned Brig. Gen Aug. 25 Lt.-Col. McCleave assigned Sept. 2 Advance to St. Thibault, Vesle River Sept. 4 V Advance across Vesle to Vauxcere Sept. 5 Gen. Briggs left regiment, Col. McCleave in command . . Sept. 10 77th Division relieved by Italians Sept. I4 _I 5 March to the Argonne Sept. 15-24 Opening of Argonne drive Sept. 26 Fight through Argonne Forest Sept. 26-Oct. 16 77th Division relieved by 78th . . . Oct. 16-17 Division in reserve, reg't at Four de Paris Oct. I7 _2 S Division in position for new drive, 304th guns near Fleville Oct. 26 Opening of Argonne-Meuse drive Nov. 1 1st Bn. demobilized at Verpel Nov. 3 2nd Bn. reached final positions at Meuse River Nov. 6 Armistice signed .Nov. II 77th Div. relieved by French Nov. 12 304th in billets at Sommauthe Nov. 12-23 2nd Bn. back in position at front Nov. 14-19 Col. Enos took command Nov. 20 304th at Briquenay .' Nov. 23-Dec. 2 Entrained at Autry for 9th Training Area Dec. 2 Arrived at Aubepierre and Lignerolles Dec. 3 1919 In billets in Aubepierre and Lignerolles until Feb. 8 Trip from Latrecy to LeMans Area Feb. 8-1 1 Billeted in Ferce, Pirmil and LaSuze Feb. 11-Apr. 17 Entrained at LaSuze for Brest April 17 Arrived Brest April 18 Embarked on U. S. S. Agamemnon April 20 Sailed from Brest harbor April 21 Arrived New York (Hoboken pier) April 29 Reached Camp Mills, L. I April 29 Parade in New York May 6 Regiment disbanded May 10 FOREWORD In the summer and fall of the year 1917 a group of men who had been called into the service of their country were put to- gether, by the hazard of military life, to form a regiment known as the 304th Field Artillery. Two of them were officers from the Regular Army. Not a few had seen service on the Mex- ican Border with the National Guard. A great majority were essentially civilians who had become soldiers simply in answer to the call of duty in a time of national need. Most of them were from New York City. They came from every conceiv- able walk of life. Some entered the service as commissioned officers, and some as enlisted men. During the winter and spring which followed, other men joined the group, some from New York State and a good many from Iowa, Minnesota and various parts of the country. Together they trained as soldiers, first in Camp Upton, Long Island, and later in Camp de Souge, near Bordeaux, France. Together they served at the front, in the quiet Lorraine sec- tor, on the Vesle and the Aisne Rivers, and finally in the great Argonne-Meuse offensive which ended the war. There de- veloped among them a spirit of comradeship which surpassed anything they had known before. Whether or not they liked army life, these men learned to love their regiment. This book is intended simply as a record of the experiences which they shared during their twenty months of service to- gether. It does not purport to be in any way a history of the Great War. Its purpose is to preserve in concrete form for the men themselves and for their friends the story of their experi- ences. Parts of the narrative, especially in the first two chapters, will doubtless be dry reading for an outsider. If the reader vii will remember that the details of those early days are recorded for the benefit of the men who lived through them, and will pass on to the later chapters, he will find there the story of ac- tual war as it was fought by a regiment of soldiers who were second to none in the American armies. The author desires to express his profound admiration of the officers and men with whom it was his privilege to serve, and his appreciation of their fellowship, without which the story could never have been written. In the preparation of the book itself, the help of certain individuals has been invaluable : Colonel Copely Enos, who commanded the regiment from November 20, 19 18, until demobilization, not only gave the whole project his enthusiastic support, but read the manuscript with minute care and offered wise and constructive criticism. Major Lewis Sanders was from the first a resourceful ad- visor in everything which had to do with the publication of the book, and furnished considerable information about the work of the First Battalion. Major Alvin Devereux, of the Second Battalion, contributed written accounts of various episodes connected with the opera- tions of his command from which the author has drawn freely without always using quotation marks or indicating the source. Captain Harry Kempner was an unfailing source of infor- mation regarding the operations in which the regiment was engaged. He also made one of the illustrations. Lieutenant Lawrence Thornton, of the Brigade Commander's Staff, wrote an account of the Plattsburg Training Camp and of the beginnings of Camp Upton without which the first chap- ter could hardly have been written, and as Brigade Historian he has offered helpful advice and criticism. Lieutenant Roger McE. Smith gave a great deal of time to the work of illustrating, produced many of the best of the drawings, and supervised the final preparation of the cuts. His helpful labors and loyal cooperation after the regiment was disbanded and the artists scattered, deserve special thanks. Sergeant William K. Vernon collected and arranged a vast amount of information and furnished many helpful sugges- tions. Mr. Perry Newberry, the regimental Y. M. C. A. Secretary, took entire charge of the illustrating, laid out the work for the artists, lived and labored with them for weeks, and himself drew some of the pictures. His wide experience, both as an il- lustrator and as a writer, as well as his sincerity and enthusiasm in the work, made his criticisms invaluable. The whole lay- out of the book is the work of Mr. Newberry. His work for the regiment in the making of this memorial volume is sur- passed only by the resourcefulness, the genuineness, and the unfailing good will of his life and work among the men, both at the front and during the trying period after the fighting was over. He was not an adjunct, but an integral part of the regi- ment, respected and beloved by officers and men as a tried and trusted friend. Under him in the task of illustrating worked Corporal Michael Lemmermeyer, whose cartoons enliven the entire book; Private Dalrymple, whose brush work has given most of the full-page illustrations; Private Revard Graham, who has done the decorative chapter headings; and Privates Archie Ander- son and E. H. Reims, Jr., whose pen drawings have helped to make the story interesting. Sergeant Stephen Ayres, a's a member of the Art Department, did considerable work on the maps. Two members of Battery E, Corporal Edwin C. Cass and Private George Petri, were kind enough to lend their diaries, which not only furnished numerous quotations, but suggested a great many things which the author has himself written. Several others, who would prefer that their names did not appear, have contributed bits from diaries and letters. To all these friends the author extends his sincere thanks. Their cooperation has made the whole work a joy. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FULL PAGE TITLE Leviathan in Brest Harbor ARTIST Reims Frontispiece Towering above them all the huge Leviathan Leaving New York Harbor Alsace-Lorraine Headed for the Unknown The Valley of the Yesle Fights in the Air Fismes A Battery Kitchen in the Woods .... No Man's Land — Argonne Forest .... The Advance through the Argonne Pirate Piece in Action IN THE TEXT Head-piece, Chapter I Off for Plattsburg Led them on Strenuous Hikes From One Farmer's Roof to Another . Major Sanders The First Army Chow Oh, the Needle! the Needle! His First Uniform "Wait Till You Get the Needle !".... When New Recruits Arrived Head-piece, Chapter II They Used to Make Hideous Noises . Camp Upton (three views) On Sunday Afternoons Learning Obedience Compelled to Bathe Regularly xiii Graham . Reims Graliam Dalrymple Dalrymple Lemmermeyer Dalrymple Reims Reims Dalrymple Dalrymple Graliam . Smith Smith Smith Lemmermeyer Lemmermeyer Lemmermeyer Smith Smith Lemmermeyer Graham . Lemmermeyer Reims Lemmermeyer Anderson Lemmermeyer 40 46 76 93 no 117 136 160 169 180 204 13 14 15 15 16 17 19 20 TITLE ARTIST Major Devereux Lemmermeyer Putting Out the Infirmary Fire Lemmermeyer Pushed and Jammed to Suffocation .... Smith Digging Stumps Anderson Glee Club of Officers . . Lemmermeyer Head-piece, Chapter III Graham . Sat in the Mess Hall in Pairs and Groups . . Lemmermeyer Swinging Out into the East River .... Lemmermeyer Those Bunks ! Smith A Gun-Crew Constantly on Duty .... Smith "All Hands Abandon Ship !" Lemmermeyer Proceeding Direct to France Reims Captain Doyle ....'. Lemmermeyer One or Two Huge Windmills Reims The Ship Came to Anchor Graham . Kiddies Were Everywhere Smith The Boys Were More Bold Smith . . Destroyers ' Smith Head-piece, Chapter IV Graham Inside the Gates, Pontanezen Barracks . . . Reims Pontanezen Barracks Reims "Hommies Forty" Lemmermeyer Entrance to Camp de Souge Reims Chinese Coolies Were a Novel Feature . . . Smith Some of the More Ambitious ..... Anderson Machine Gun School . . Graham Not Versed in Army Methods Lemmermeyer A Corner of Bordeaux Reims Week-End Leaves to Bordeaux Smith Dining in Fascinating Little Inns .... Lemmermeyer The Canteen Did a Thriving Business . . . Lemmermeyer Captain Mahon Lemmermeyer Widow in Bordeaux Smith Tail-piece: French Railroad Train . . . Smith . . Head-piece, Chapter V Graham Getting the Mules into the Box Cars . . . Lemmermeyer Railroad Guard Smith Captain Kempner Worked Half an Hour . . Lemmermeyer Entraining at Bonneau Smith Positions are Chosen Anderson xiv TITLE Forward Observation Post Telephone Men in Action In the Baccarat Sector Lieut. Graham Mounts His Charger . Learning the Game of War Entrance to a Dugout Tail-piece : On the Road Head-piece, Chapter VI "Gas! Gas!" Men Began to Fall Out A Weary Night Another Night of Marching The Wagons Were Repacked We Were Headed North A Warm Sun Lured Many to the River . Crossing the Marne at Chateau-Thierry . Slowly We Plodded OuV Way Ten Minute Halts for Rest Klaxons Screamed the Alarm Eating was Never a Pleasure Head-piece, Chapter VII Chery-Chartreuve Ferme des Dames Out in the Open A Shell Struck the Airplane Our Men Got the Fringes of the Fire . The Shell had Blown Him Out of the Saddle . Changed their Positions And Buried the Dead Ones ....... Through the Wicked Shell-Fire .... A Shell Whistled Overhead Lieutenants Lillibridge and Graham in O. P. . Head-piece, Chapter VIII Vigilance was Doubled Great Fires Were Visible What was Left of the Village of Perles . The Church in Perles Perles Went to the Aid of His Fallen Comrades . Looked to See if His Men Were Under Cover XV Smith PAGE • 79 Lemmermeyer . 80 Reims . 81 Lemmermeyer . 82 Lemmermeyer • 83 Reims . 84 Graham • 87 Graham . 88 Lemmermeyer . 89 Anderson . 90 Anderson • 9i Neicberry • 93 Anderson • 94 Newberry • 95 Smith • 96 Dalrymple . ■ 97 Anderson • 98 Smith IOO-IOI Lemmermeyer . 102 Anderson . IO4 Graham . . I06 Reims . I07 Reims . 108 Reims . Ill Reims . 112 Smith ■ "3 Lemmermeyer • "5 Reims • "7 Anderson . 119 Netvberry . 120 Reims • 123 Lemmermeyer • 125 Graham . . 127 Smith . 128 Anderson . 129 Reims • 130 Reims • 131 Reims • 132 Smith • 133 Smith • 133 CHAPTER I BEGINNINGS For three long months before the 304th Field Artillery ex- isted most of those who were to be its officers had been together. The United States had declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, and on May 15th those New York men who had been accepted as candidates for commissions in the Officers' Re-, serve Corps were summoned to Plattsburg, New York, to un- dergo a period of intensive training. There for three months they lived bunk to bunk in the barracks and ate the same army food. For three months they toiled with mind and body to master the elements of things military. When, at the end of that time, they left the camp as commissioned officers, they took with them not only a somewhat confused mass of techni- cal knowledge but also a spirit of comradeship which went far toward insuring the success of the regiment in which they were to serve. At the beginning of the course every one started as an in- fantryman. With rifle, bayonet and pack he drilled and hiked like any doughboy. After a month of this the men who had chosen to serve in the artillery were reassembled and assigned to provisional batteries for special instruction, and it was with supreme satisfaction that they laid aside their packs and con- gratulated themselves on the prospect of future hikes on horse- 1 Off for Plattsburg back. Let the doughboys labo- r i o u s 1 y plod their way on foot — the artil- lery would ride. Some three-inch guns had arrived in camp, and they looked to be man's size weapons. What a splendid showing they would make, rumbling by at a trot, six horses to a gun ! Long-cherished visions of horseback riding quickly vanished, how- ever, as the artillerymen entered on their special- ized training. There were no horses in camp. Hikes on foot were as frequent as before, only instead of packs and rifles the men now carried instruments. Classes were held from seven in the morning to quarter of twelve, and in the afternoon from one-thirty to half-past four. There was a two- hour study period every evening-. The path was not strewn with roses; leisure hours were rare. Barracks and company streets had to be policed (i. e., cleaned) before class in the morning, and the strict insistence on personal neatness made it necessary to fill in the precious moments between four-thirty and retreat with shaving and the polishing of personal equip- ment. The life was all work, with mighty little play. When the First Provisional Battery was assembled, Captains Ned B. Rehkopf, a field artilleryman of the Regular Army,, introduced himself as its commanding officer and senior in- structor. With his hat tilted down over his eyes he looked slowly along the line of faces before him, said a few words and dismissed the battery. The men's first impression of him was one of calm, impersonal leadership, and as the 'weeks wore on the impression deepened and left a lasting- influence. Second in command was Lieutenant Barnes, also of the Reg- ular Army. Like the Captain he had a faculty of smoothing over difficult places, of which there were not a few. Major Lewis Sanders, although on cadet status, assisted in the in- struction, and with terrible energy he spurred his charges on Led Them on Strenuous Hikes 3 &&WL through the intricacies of firing data and reconnoissance, and led them on strenuous hikes, which even the long marches in France never effaced from their memory. The men lived in a state of uncertainty. Each day brought new and difficult things to learn, as well as fresh rumors. The latter always had to do with the prospects of £ being or not being com- missioned. Joy rose and fell according as the ru- mors were propitious or unpropitious, and each candidate measured his chances by the successes or failures of each day's work. At the most unex- pected moments the in- structors would call a man forth from the ob- scurity and oblivion of the ranks and thrust upon him a position of com- mand where his short- comings were painfully conspicuous. He might do well, or he might do ill, but in either case he was apt to feel that he had lost his chance of winning a com- mission. In the morning tactical walks under Major Sanders became the usual thing. The camp edged the shore of Lake Cham- plain, and back from it the roads led into the sandy, pine-tree country, and the region of the Chateaugay branch railroad and the Salmon River. Commanding this country from the north 4 From One Farmer's Roof to Another was a hill on which stood the Hotel Champlain and its water tower. Hither the men hiked along the Peru Road and fought strategic battles with imaginary guns against an imaginary enemy, and always the water tower figured as an important ele- ment. Observers were shot from it daily. There was not a copse or knoll for miles around but sheltered artillery, friendly or otherwise. After a time some horses arrived, and three batteries alternated in their use. Just enough days elapsed between equita- tion lessons to heal the soreness of the previous riding, but at least there was some satisfaction in an oc- casional drill with horses and guns. Actual firing was not possible, but every one hoped that a big maneuver might be held in which batteries would be taken into position. The maneuver never took place, but instead of it the instructors arranged a big problem in communication, in which all the different means of signaling were to be brought into play. When the day arrived, the legions started forth at dawn, equipped with blinker lights, signal flags, field telephones, rockets, and horses for messengers. Observers were sta- tioned in the tower to flash the progress of events, while groups of runners relayed messages. From one farmer's roof to an- other instructions were wig-wagged, and rockets and bombs went up all along the line. At the close of the day it was de- 5 Major Sanders cided that if communication had won the fight the enemy had certainly been surrounded and taken. The Plattsburg course ended with a grand review of all the troops in camp. One battery of artillery, patched together for the occasion, passed proudly in review with guidons flying and guns and caissons bowling along behind the horses, — a stirring spectacle for the men who had toiled through the ter- rible heat of the summer to become artillery officers. On August 15th the commissions were announced. Cap- tain Rehkopf assembled the successful candidates and made a characteristically short speech. "Gentlemen," he said, "you enter the service to become repre- sentatives of the American Army. It has been very difficult to choose among you. I trust I may be able later to say that I have chosen wisely." Where all had been comrades of equal standing, each suc- cessful candidate was now to take on rank commensurate with his age and, it was to be hoped, with his ability; but a fellow- ship had grown up in those three months which rank could not efface. It was a group of friends who separated on August 15th for a brief vacation, with orders to report at the end of the month at Camp Upton, Long Island, there to take up their duties as officers of the 304th Field Artillery. Camp Upton, on September 1st, was a howling wilderness of stumps, lumber piles, civilian workmen, ditches and half- finished buildings. The stumps were all that was left of a ' forest of scrub oak and pine which had been cleared away to provide an area for the camp. The lumber was strewn in wild confusion all over the place. The civilian workmen swarmed like so many ants, and often with as little apparent aim. The ditches marked the first stage of what was to be an elaborate system of water supply and drainage, while from day to day newly completed buildings showed the progress of the great wooden city which was to house forty thousand men. 6 In this wilderness our newly commissioned officers found themselves when, after alighting- from the train, they walked the long dusty road to camp and sought out the headquarters of the Commanding General. There the Adjutant assigned them to their regiment, and told them to report to the head- quarters of the 304th Field Artillery. The vague address given was "J-l," and it was difficult at first to determine just which part of the camp the constructing engineers had labeled "J"; but as soon as the section was located the building was not hard to find, for it was one of the few finished barracks in the area, situated between what afterward became 2nd and 3rd Avenues above nth Street. Here, amid a confusion of desks and papers pertaining to other regiments. Captain Leonard Sullivan, the regimental Adjutant, was already busy with that bane of all army officers, "paper work." There was not much about the camp at that time to suggest ' military life. Steam stump pullers were tearing roots out of the ground to make way for new buildings. Great noisy machines were plowing up new ditches and adding to the pitfalls which made walking dangerous after dark. Carpenters were ham- mering, and plumbers were littering the floors with pipe, bolts, solder and tin. The only warlike touch was a battalion of the 15th New York Infantry (colored), who were acting as guards until the camp should boast a military police force of its own. These happy-go-lucky blacks furnished as much amusement as protection. Thev presented arms with superb dignity when- ever an officer passed by, and when off duty they laughed and chased each other about among their tents, or beat out mar- velous rag-time on the piano in the Y. M. C. A tent. Major Sanders was at first in charge of the 304th. On paper one Colonel Westervelt was in command, but he was in France at the time and the regiment never saw him. The real commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel John R. Kelly, had not yet reported, so it was Major Sanders who marshaled 7 the officers and gave them their instructions. No soldiers would be on hand for some days, and the officers must practice on each other. Each battery commander took his lieutenants •out and every officer had his turn at giving commands to the others. The Major took them all on a personally conducted tour of the camp and pointed out where in the great U-shaped city the various parts of the division would eventually be. As the officers stumbled along over the stumps and leaped the ditches they wondered where, in all this animated desert, there would be any room to drill. In a few days Colonel Kelly arrived to take command. As a •captain of infantry in the Regular Army he had been an in- structor in the civilian training camps at Plattsburg in 191 6, and had earned a good name as a leader of tact and force. This reputation did not belie him, for in a very short time the officers of the 304th had learned to rely on his judgment and had been won to a strong personal attachment to their com- manding officer. The only other regular army officer in the regiment was Major Leonard C. Sparks, who arrived about the same time. He was a field artilleryman and an exception- ally capable one, as well as a man of rare personal charm. Presently there arrived a group of non-commissioned offi- cers who had been sent from the Regular Army to help in get- ting the new National Army into shape. Some of these men were fine soldiers of the stamp of Sergeants Cronin and French, who were made first sergeants of B and D Batteries respec- tively and served in that capacity until the regiment was dis- banded. Others of them, however, came with an utterly wrong notion of the National Army and had an idea they could do about what they liked with the reserve officers. They were mistaken. A strenuous sifting process was instituted which soon got rid of the undesirables. Those that remained were worth keeping, and they served right through with faithful- ness and often with distinction. Meantime, on September ioth, arrived the great day to which thousands of people had been looking forward, some with eagerness and some with dread, the calling out of the first draft. Even since they had registered on June 5th and had been declared physically fit for military service, these men had been watching for the day when there should come a pink card through the mail telling them to report for duty. Now the day had come. Great masses of friends and well-wishers turned out to see them off, and the first instalment of the new National Army from New York City boarded the Long Island train for Camp Upton. As the first trainload pulled out of the station men hung from the car windows and crowded the platforms, shouting and sing- ing and hailing every one in uniform who came near. Officers had boarded the train some distance from the camp, so that the leaders appointed by the local draft boards had been re- lieved from their none too easy job of trying in some meas- ure to control the enthusiastic or defiant curiosity of the recruits. The occupants of the cars needed no command from the offi- cers in charge to swarm out, pushing and yelling, and fall into something which vaguely resembled a line. There was no lack of comments and suggestions from the ranks as the officers struggled to straighten out the formation so that they could tell who was present and who was missing. Finally the roll- call was finished and at the command "Right face — forward march !" the men picked up their grips and bundles and started to march with ragged and uneven strides toward camp. These first recruits had been largely picked by the local boards as being likely men to form the nucleus of the regiments and perhaps to become non-commissioned officers, and in most cases the selection had been fairly good. Nevertheless it is doubtful whether there had ever been a stranger assemblage for the making of an army. They came from every nook and corner of Greater New York and from every stratum of so- ciety and every walk of life. Fifth Avenue and the lower East Side, men who had lived on inherited incomes and men who toiled as day laborers, university graduates and illiterates, those whose ancestors had fought under Washington and those whose parents were still living in Italy and Russia walked side by side in a column of twos through the dust and confusion of the camp. At last the strange procession halted before a new barrack which had been prepared for their reception. In groups of eight they were told off and summoned inside, where each man was led up stairs and assigned to a bunk. On every cot lay a mess kit, two or three blankets and a bed sack, which, when filled with straw, would serve as a mattress. Odors of a steam- ing hot lunch were coming up from the kitchen, and by the time the last man had been given his bunk, mess was ready and every one fell to with a will. The first army chow these rookies got was a real one. Chefs from New York hotels had been em- ployed to prepare the meals until cooks could be selected and trained from among the soldiers, and although the service might have been more dainty the food was good and there was plenty of it. After mess began the weary process of being mustered into the army. The men were lined up al- phabetically, and as each one's name was called he entered the mess hall and took his place at table. The First Army Chow IO Opposite him sat an officer with a pile of large cards on which were innumerable questions to be answered by the recruit: name, age, place of birth, nationality of parents, previous occu- pation, salary, schooling, previous military experience, and all information which might be of assist- ance in determin- ing a man's fitness for the different branches of the service, and later, for the various special duties con- nected with army life. All this had to be extracted by questions and en- tered on the quali- fication cards and finally signed by the candidate and by the officer. As the men completed this inquisition they were marshaled outside and marched to the building where the medical examin- ers held forth. Here through the various departments the recruits were shoved like meat through a sausage mill, and some who were palpably unfit were eliminated and given a slip en- titling them to a discharge from present military service. The rest were hustled along to the unfeeling doctors who adminis- tered the prophylactic needle. The needle deserves special mention, for it loomed large in the imagination of the rookie. To the first lot sent it came as a surprise — before the man knew what was happening the needle had been thrust into his arm and the damasfe was done. Oh, the Needle ! the Needle ! The Pro-phy-lac-tic Needle ! II But those who came later were greeted all the way from the station with jeering cries of "Wait till you get the needle!" "You want to look out for that needle — three men died from it yesterday!" For weeks afterward any reference to inocu- lations in songs or skits at the battery entertainments was sure to bring a laugh. After the physical examination there was another line-up and the men were marched off to the mustering office. Here more questions were asked and answered, and finally each man signed his name to a document which made him at last a sol- dier in the United States Army. The next formality, and one which must be completed at all costs before bed time, was a bath. Into cold showers the men were hustled for a good clean-up. Any man who emerged from the bath house with a dry head, indicating that his ablu- tions had not been thorough, was compelled to go back again and make a good job of it. Bed felt good that night to a tired lot of men. There was some noise and hilarity in the barracks, but after a while the place quieted down, and in the dark strangeness of the dormitory each man was left to his own turbulent thoughts. During the next few days new increments of recruits kept arriving, and presently they were assigned to the various regiments. About a hundred came in the first lot to the 304th and were put in charge of Cap- His First Uniform tain Ewell and the offi- i ,1 .1," * ' il *^' rV ^* ft 1 F J 7 fL Or ' T ' ' ( "' ^«^— - — i*' "Wait Till You Get the Needle 1" cers of A Battery. Nominally they were assigned to the dif- ferent organizations in the regiment, but while their officers were busy equipping them and straightening out their records, for the sake of convenience the men were all kept together in a single barrack down in the P section until enough were as- signed to make it worth while to move them and separate theni according to batteries. Meanwhile our regimental headquarters had shifted from J-i and was now located in J.-45 on 3rd Avenue. There, in a large room on the ground floor, a space was fenced off for the office of the Commanding Officer, the Adjutant and their clerks. In another corner the Surgeon, Lieutenant (afterwards Major) Horton, had his infirmary, and those men who had physical ailments filed in at sick call in the morning and crowded the room. Diagonally opposite were the offices of the Headquarters and Supply Companies and the desk of the regimental Exchange Officer. Over by a window was stored a pile of brooms, picks and shovels — the only weapons as yet available — and hard by the infirmary was the post office where huge piles of wrongly addressed mail were fast accumulating. In the center of the room, in the midst of all the hubbub and confusion, the Head- quarters Company tailor maintained a pressing establishment. Up stairs lived the enlisted men of the Headquarters and 13 Supply Companies, while in the building on either side the or- derly rooms and sleeping quarters of the six batteries were es- tablished. The 305th and 306th regiments, as well as some hundreds of civilian workmen, were all about us and in our midst. For several weeks we stumbled over each other in our attempts to keep out of the ditches and holes, and made in- effectual efforts to create an atmosphere of order and efficiency in our section of the camp, while the infantry, over in the older P-section, with finished buildings and level ground, began to get their drill fields in order. When New Recruits Arrived H CHAPTER II LIFE AT CAMP UPTON Colonel Kelly departed for a three months' course at Fort Sill on September 27th, and Major Sparks assumed command of the regiment. It was under his di- rection that the work really be- gan. A new lot of recruits ar- rived early in ( )ctober, and they were all presently doing squads right and squads left in what- ever place could be found among the piles of lumber. A Inch more than this it was not possible to give them for there was no ma- terial at hand with which to work. On paper, we were armed with three-inch guns and equipped with a full comple- ment of horses; but in real- ity there was just one old gun — a cast-off from some National G u a r d regiment — and no horses.' One thing we did have, long be- fore any other reg- They Used to Make Hideous Noises iment had thought 15 of such a thing, and that was a band. Colonel Kelly had been keen on this from the very start. As soon as he found that we had been assigned an ex-army bandsman, Andrew Dolphini, he set him to work rounding up musicians, and within two weeks after the first draft men arrived, there was a band of about ten pieces, including a bass drum which proudly bore the legend "304th F. A. Band." They used to make hideous noises as they practiced in the barracks, for some of the candidates with whom Dol- phini had to labor were musicians made, not born; but when they Camp I'plon -Yaphank. LI- **' hen. came outside and gave little concerts, and "The Star Spangled Banner" mastered, they began to play for retreat, crowds used to gather to listen, and they would say one to another, "What manner of regiment is this, which already boasts a band?" When new recruits arrived, our band would be ordered to meet them at the station and serenade them with martial mu- sic as their train pulled in. It put new courage into many a frightened rookie to fall in line and march behind a band. On Sunday afternoons, when the camp was overrun with fond relatives from New York, "J-45" was always a center of at- traction, with the musicians ranged in front of the stoop, and a mixed crowd of soldiers and civilians gathered about to en- joy the music. On more than one occasion, when there were distinguished guests at divisional headquarters, General Bell sent for the 304th F. A. Band to entertain them. Once, when the Canadian government wanted some American troops in ,7t 16 vast parade to boost bond sales and recruiting', the infantry which was to represent the National Army marched to the music of Air. Dolphini and his band. One day in October an order came through for a sweeping transfer of some five hundred men from Camp Upton to Camp Gordon, at Atlanta, Georgia. Our regiment contributed its quota, perhaps fifteen from each battery, and one of our officers, Lieutenant Amy, of Battery A, was put in charge of the move- ment. A motley array of rookies assembled in front of the barracks and, with their blue bags over their shoulders, marched off to the railroad station. This was the first experi- ence of the kind we had, and no one was much disturbed by it r but as time went on such transfers became very frequent and withal very annoying. The authorities did not again frame their orders so that organization commanders could send whom they would. They would call for so many mechanics, so many saddlers, so many gas engine men to be sent to a certain place, never stopping to inquire whether the regiment furnishing the men could afford to send them. It became very discourag- On Sunday Afternoons 17 ing to those who were in charge of the instruction ; for as soon as a few men were beginning to show promise in any given line of work, half of them would be transferred. There never was a time through all those months when we were sure of our personnel. Among the men, transfers came to be a standing joke. Sometimes at an entertainment in the Y. M. C. A., an announce- ment would be made from the platform that "the following men will report at once to their orderly rooms." Always there was a shout of laughter, and cries went up of "Blue bag!" "Good-by, Billy!" "See you in France!" Many a man went A. W. O. L. (absent without leave) because he was transferred to some distant point without a chance to say good-by to his family in New York. While the battery commanders were searching through their files of qualification cards to find men who had had ex- perience with horses, so that the animals when they arrived might be put in good hands, a new transformation took place. The 304th was changed from a regiment of horse-drawn three-inch guns to one of "four-point-sevens" (i. e., 4.7-inch caliber), to be drawn by tractors. This threw consternation into many of the officers, for a large number of them had served in the cavalry on the Mexican border, and they had •elected to serve with the artillery in this cavalryless army be- cause they wanted to be with horses. And now we were to have tractors ! Boots and spurs became an anomaly, and many caustic remarks were passed to the effect that the natty little riding crops which the officers had had made should be ex- changed for monkey wrenches. Moreover, the change to a heavier gun meant a complete reorganization of the regiment. Instead of two battalions we were to have three, of two bat- teries each. Stable sergeants must give place to motor ex- perts, the size of the gun crews must be increased, classes for instruction in gas engines must be instituted, and a selected 18 Learning Obedience number of officers and men must be sent away to the motor and tractor school at Peoria, Illinois. Instead of one gun for drilling the cannoneers, we now had none. Nei- ther were there any of the fire control instruments so necessary in adjusting the range and deflection of a gun, nor any battery com- manders' telescopes or field telephones for train- ing the special details of men who were to work with the battery com- manders in the field. An automobile engine was set up in an empty room for the motorists to study, and a number of dummy instruments, designed by Captain Kempner, were constructed to give a touch of reality to some of the special work, but in all the training the imagination played a large part. Everything had to be simu- lated. It was like little boys playing they were soldiers. Not until February, when we were almost ready to start over seas, did two four-point-sevens arrive and a few of the instruments necessary to artillery work. What were the men learning, then? Many things. They learned obedience, that first great requisite of a soldier. For some the lesson came pretty hard. These were boys who were accustomed to having their own way and suiting their own convenience, like the good New Yorkers they were. For a man to be obliged to do certain things whether he liked it or not, just because some one told him to, was absolutely new to many a member of our own and of every other regiment. Battery 19 punishments and summary courts-martial were frequent. A few offenses occurred which called for more serious treatment, but happily not many. Considering the way in which the draft, like a great fish net, scooped down and brought up every con- ceivable species of men from Greater New York — deacons and gunmen, bankers and prize fighters, lawyers and crooks — it is remarkable how free our regiment has always been from vi- cious and unruly men. Besides obedience, the soldiers were learning cleanliness. That, too, was for some a hard lesson. Men who had been in the habit of never changing their clothes from one end of winter to the other found themselves compelled, by good husky ser- geants, to bathe regularly and change their clothes frequently, and to keep themselves clean-shaven and neat in appearance. A far more difficult lesson was team work. The New ituWiK ft Compelled to Bathe Regularly 20 Yorker likes company, but ordinarily he lives unto himself and works for his own interest. The idea of throwing his energies in with those of other men whom he knows little and cares less about, and getting behind a job which will not par- ticularly benefit him personally, is about the hardest thing in the world to teach him. That was the battery commanders' big- gest problem from the very start. The lack of team work showed itself in everything from digging stumps to learn- ing regimental songs, from scrubbing floors to putting out the infirmary fire. This fire was one of the great events of our life at Camp Up- ton. It was just about noon, and the officers were all sitting in their mess hall, when sud- denly a messenger ran in breathless and spoke a hasty word to Major Sanders, the Major Devereux p^ MarshaL "Everybody out," cried the Major, as he dashed for the door. No one knew just what was up until we got outside and saw the smoke pouring out from every window in the infirmary. There were no patients there, of course : the infirmary is simply the surgeons' office and the sleeping quarters of the Medical Detachment. So there was no danger, but there was excite- ment a-plenty. Battery D, the regimental Fire Company, got a bucket line established, and succeeded in splashing consider- able water on the ground and on the side of the building away 21 from the fire. They also brought out a couple of reels of hose with which they squirted water all over each other and all over the rapidly assembling crowds, and particularly all over Major Sanders, who, with his drenched sheepskin coat, came out of the door looking like a drowned rat. But, after carrying the mattresses carefully down stairs and throwing the medicine bottles out of the windows, they got the fire out, and within a few days the building was restored to its normal beauty. December brought us our first quota of men from outside New York City. They came from "Up State," mostly from the neighborhoods of Olean and Buffalo. When they first ar- rived, these "Hicks" furnished considerable amusement to the city boys. Undoubtedly they were a different breed; and yet Putting Out the Infirmary Fire 22 they added a certain element of wholesomeness that soon won for them a real place in the hearts of the whole regiment. Many of them were accustomed to out-door life, and they in- fused a healthy attitude toward cold winds and snowstorms which put to shame some of the city boys who had been brought up to dread any kind of exposure. Once the regiment got to the front, all the men alike braved the discomforts and endured the hardships, but it must be confessed that during the winter at Camp Upton there was some who resorted to attendance on "sick call," with a hope of being marked "quarters," whenever the weather was particularly bad — which, be it said, was most of the time. One reason for this softness was undoubtedly the nearness of home, and the constant recurrence of week-end passes to the city. Many of the men lived from day to day with just one thought in their minds: "Will I get a pass this week?" The first sergeants, one of whose multifarious duties was arranging the rosters for these passes, were driven to distraction by the piteous appeals for special privileges in going to New York. No office boy ever found so many sick fathers and dying grand- mothers as were produced by some of the soldiers. They sup- ported their claims by urgent telegrams from home, of which an enormous quantity arrived regularly on Friday evening. On Saturday mornings the orderly rooms were besieged by men who had been disappointed when the passes were given out, each armed with a tale of dire necessity which demanded his immediate presence at a wedding or a funeral or a baptism, or at the settling of an estate. The result was that, not only were the men's minds constantly lured aside from their mili- tary duties, but their physiques, which should have been tone hening under the rigors of camp life, were all too fre- nuently subjected to a let-down by a week-end in the city, and their health further endangered by the long, cold journey back to Camp Upton. 23 Pushed and Jammed to Suffocation Those Long Island trains ! The railroad, a single-track, one-horse affair, was hard put to it to maintain the usual daily traffic of freight and passenger trains to and from the camp, and when the week-end rush set in the system was simply swamped. The trains going to New York were bad enough on Saturday morning; but when it came to the return trip on Sunday evening they were impossible. From the Pennsylvania station to Jamaica it was all right: electric trains brought the troops through the tunnel in good time. But after the men had crowded onto the platform of the Jamaica station to change for a Camp Upton train, they would be compelled to wait for hours, sometimes, before any provision was made to take them the remainder of the journey. There were no adequate waiting rooms, and the platforms were elevated above the street, so that the wind swept across as if it would like to blow 24 everybody away. And finally, when a train pulled up and the waiting soldiers pushed in and jammed it to overflowing, they would often find themselves in steel cars with concrete floors, lighted only by an occasional flickering kerosene lantern, and absolutely without heating arrangements. In these death- traps the journey would continue. Sometimes the engines took the trains, rocking and plunging at a terrific speed, clear through to Camp Upton ; but more often they got tired about half-way and stopped, panting and coughing. "What's the matter now?" some one would ask a train- man. "Can't get up enough steam," would be the reply. "Engineer says the coal is no good." Or perhaps the locomotive would be broken down. "We've got to wait here until another engine can be brought up." And then the soldiers would have the pleasure of sitting on a siding and seeing their comrades, who had been assigned to" later trains, glide past from behind, jeering as they went. It was a bitter cold winter, and sickness, encouraged by such conditions as these, became frequent. There was a great deal of ice and snow, which rendered out-door drilling impos- sible. Then the officers would have to invent new devices for keeping the men busy. Lectures on all sorts of abstruse sub- jects connected with artillery, in-door calisthenics, and even boxing and games were resorted to. It was difficult work, without any kind of apparatus, to keep the men interested. No wonder they wanted to go home ! One valuable thing was accomplished during that winter, and that was the teaching of English to men of foreign birth. There were thousands of foreigners in Camp Upton, many of whom could speak little or no English when they arrived. The 304th and, indeed, all the artillery regiments, had perhaps fewer than some of the other organizations, but there were enough to make it worth while to establish schools. For those -5 men whose commanding officers decided that their ignorance of the language interfered with the proper performance of their military duties, the classes were made compulsory. That was Major Sparks's ruling, and it set a standard for the whole camp. There were experienced school teachers in the regi- ment, notably Private (afterwards Corporal) Eugene Brown, of Battery E, who became under the Chaplain's direction super- visor of the educational work, and Corporal (afterwards ser- geant) Hunt, of Battery A. These men and others, of perhaps less experience but of equal desire to help, took hold of the classes and accomplished remarkable results in overcoming - the difficulties, and especially the diffidence, of shy but eager Italians, Greeks, and Russian Jews. In this educational work, the cooperation of the Y. M. C. A. was of infinite help. That organization held a place in the life of Camp Upton the importance of which it would be hard to overestimate. In their various huts and in their big audi- torium they had something worth while going on every night, be it a concert, a boxing bout, a lecture, a vaudeville perform- ance, a movie show, or a religious service. Our own regiment was extremely fortunate in having the closest kind of associa- tion with the directors of the work, for not only did two of the secretaries from the building in our immediate neighborhood eat at our officers' mess, but all the personnel of the headquar- ters office as well. A splendid lot of men they were. Mr. Hainer (afterwards Chaplain Hainer of the 502nd Engineers), director of the Artillery Hut, and Mr. Hedrick, his associate, were, to all intents and purposes, members of the regiment, and their building was in constant use by our men. There they wrote their letters; there they met their friends; there they entertained their visitors on Sundays; there they enjoyed themselves of an evening when there was nothing going on in their own barracks ; and there they went to church. Always there was a Protestant service conducted by the artillery chap- 26 lains on Sunday morning, and a general gathering of men of all faiths in the evening; and, until the Knights of Columbus had their huts finished, the Catholic chaplains used the "V" huts for their masses. The Y. M. C. A. at Camp Upton was a remarkably fine institution, without which the life of the sol- diers when off duty would have been barren indeed. It is only right to add that this was due largely to the fine leadership of the Camp General Secretary, Mr. William F. Hirsch, of Brooklyn. It cannot be too often emphasized that one of this regiment's greatest assets has always been the get-together spirit of its officers. Many of them had worked together at Plattsburg, but their real fellowship did not begin until they came to Camp Upton. The first group, quartered in the old "J.-2I," made a good start, and as other officers joined them, first in the "T Section" and later in the snug little officers' barracks which were finally occupied on Fourth Avenue, the spirit continued to- grow. Most important of all was the Officers' Mess. This was a regimental affair. All the officers sat down in the same dining-hall for every meal. The place was agreeably deco- mess itself, managed by Lieutenant MacDougall, was excellent. When Colonel Kelly returned from Fort / rated by some of the men, and the r Sill, about the first of Jan- f nary, a formal dinner was held in his honor, with songs (^ A y \ f ' fr by the officers and music by Q&y r& the band. The colonel was delighted, and he promptly suggested that we organize the mess and make a club of it. This was done, Glee Club Composed of Captain Doyle, Captain Lyman, Lieutenant Smith and the Chaplain and from then on it became more and more of an institution that made for good fellowship and cooperation. Singing always played an important role in the life of the of- ficers. A glee club, composed usually of Captain Doyle (ever a leader in such matters), Captain Garrett, Captain Lyman, Lieutenant Roger Smith and the Chaplain, was in frequent demand. Urged on by their success, some of the others formed what they called the Anti-Glee Club, which soon became famous for the originality of its songs. After the war was over, these two organizations, each bereft of some of its best singers, merged into one chorus, in which everybody joined, but at Camp Upton the Anti-Glee Club, jealous of the fact that it boasted no singers who could carry any part but the air, never allowed any member of the Glee Club to participate in its func- tions. But aside from these two groups there was a great deal of general singing in which all the officers joined. Colonel Kelly's chiefest joy used to be to invite some distinguished guest to dinner, and then, when the repast was over, to call for song. 28 The men, too, did considerable singing, although it was difficult for some of them to get "to see the fun in mass singing. Nevertheless, music featured largely in all their entertainments, of which there were a great many. Each battery at some time put on a show in its own mess-hall. Usually outside talent was called in to round out the program, for there were a good many professional comedians and singers in the camp, and the amateurs were a little backward about volunteering. Battery E, indeed, for some time had "battery night" every week just for its own men, but not until we got to Camp de Souge, where there were few outsiders to depend on, did we begin to realize how much talent we had in the regiment. Encouraged by the success of these purely local shows, our men undertook to get up a regimental, show on a bigger scale. The two other artillery regiments were invited to join us at the big "Y" auditorium, each of our batteries having as its guests the men from the corresponding batteries in the 305th. and 306th. The division commander, General Johnson, as well as all the brigade commanders in the camp, were the guests of Colonel Kelly. Several ladies, professional stage people whom Mrs. Rachael Frohman Davison had offered to bring out to entertain the regiment, came with Mrs. Davison to dinner, and the whole affair was worked up with considerable care. After a short musical program by the band, and by a regi- mental glee club of twenty voices which had been trained by the Chaplain. Mrs. Davison's friends entertained with dances and songs and recitations. The piece dc resistance, however, was a one-act farce entitled "The Lure of Pills, or the Camou- flage of the Sick Call." From the moment the curtain went up, disclosing the Medical Detachment clerk asleep in the in- firmary office, until the final chorus, in which the entire cast sang "The Sick Call never will sound again," the audience was convulsed. The hit of the evening was McManus, of Battery B, who had already become famous throughout the camp as 29 a comedian. But what really made the thing a success was the less showy but very steady and faithful work of Sergeant Carl- son, of Battery F, and Sergeant Pons and Private (afterward Sergeant) Grandin, of Battery D, whose parts formed the backbone of the play. After the show the officers and their guests returned to the mess-hall for a dance, and the men entertained their fellow- artillerymen with suppers in their own barracks. The whole evening was a fitting climax to the season's entertainments. More important in its permanent results was the grand re- view of the 152nd Artillery Brigade, held in March in the old 69th Regiment Armory, New York. As a military spectacle it was not very imposing - , perhaps, for there was barely room for one regiment in the armory at a time. It was necessary for each in turn to enter by the narrow door, get its forma- tion and alignment as perfect as possible in a march half-way round the hall, and then pass in review before the brigade commander, General Rees, and make its exit before the next regiment could enter. We had at the time a great many new recruits, and the marching was a bit ragged. But the affair gave the men a new feeling, for they were showing" off their own brigade to their specially invited guests. After the review the friends of the regiments got together and formed the three Regimental Associations, which were to mean so much to the men all through their service in France. By their gifts to the soldiers, by serving as a medium of com- munication between the men and their families during the long months of separation, by their monthly mass meetings, where relatives and friends of men at the front had an opportunity to learn what their boys were doing as well as to get to know- each other, the 304th F. A. Association was to fill a place of inestimable importance in the life of the regiment. This organization had its beginning the night of the review. The business meeting over, most of the men stayed to dance 30. with their friends to the music of the three regimental bands, and no one returned to camp until the following day. Our stay in Camp Upton was now drawing to a close. Evi- dences of this were becoming apparent. Full equipment was being issued to the troops, and what seemed like a final sift- ing process of the physically and otherwise unfit was being undertaken. Rumors of present departure for France were creating an atmosphere of suppressed excitement. When Governor Whitman came to visit the camp and a review of the entire division was held in his honor, it seemed as though the time must be coming when we should have to say good-by to our friends and start on the great adventure over seas. When preparations for departure were at their height, on April first, a new officer came to take command of the regi- ment. Colonel Raymond W. Briggs, a regular army artillery officer, who as a major had gone to France with General Pershing the previous summer, and had spent seven months * there on staff dutv, came from Camp Meade, with an order assigning him to the 304th F. A. At first we were disap- pointed. Colonel Kelly was very popular and had done wonders in building up an esprit de corps, and we knew that he wanted to take the regiment to France as much as we wanted to have him. But the new commanding officer quickly made his kindly, but eager and aggressive, spirit felt, and we began to realize that the regiment was extremely fortunate in having gained a new leader of rare charm and capability, without los- ing the old one. With both Colonel Briggs and Lieutenant- Colonel Kelly, we were splendidly equipped for active service. When everything was ready, almost to the passenger lists for the transport, and we were expecting orders to move any day, a sudden change of plans on the part of the War De- partment upset all our calculations, and the morale of the regi- ment, now keyed up to concert pitch, was all but broken. Without a word of warning, an order came down from divi- 3i sion headquarters that the artillery brigade was to transfer, at once, five hundred men to the infantry. That could only mean one thing: the infantry was going without us! More- over, there were not five hundred men we were willing to part with, nor one hundred, for that matter, nor fifty. Yet it was not a question of willingness. The transfer was made. All day long and late into the night, sorrowful men were shoulder- ing blue bags and, waving farewell to their comrades, trudging off to become doughboys. The next night the two infantry brigades of the 77th Division left Camp Upton, and we saw them no more until we met them on the front lines in French Lorraine. Those were trying days for the regiment. Reduced in numbers far below its authorized strength, baffled in its care- fully fostered desire to get over seas, discouraged by its sepa- ration from the division, disheartened by the loss of a great many of its good soldiers, the 304th faced one of its most critical periods. But Colonel Briggs was not the man to waste any time in feeling sorry. Far from relaxing his efforts, he put every ounce of his vigorous enthusiasm into the seemingly futile work of perfecting the efficiency of the organization. He took a personal interest in every battery and company; he super- vised the drills ; he called the officers together for conferences, and infused into them some of his own zeal; he made a fly- ing trip to Washington (no one ever knew just what for, ex- cept that it was in the interest of his Own regiment and the 152nd Brigade); he spent hours in conference with the- other regimental commanders and with General Rees. He said noth- ing about what was brewing, but we knew that he was not working altogether in the dark. Then one day there came an order calling on two new regiments of engineers, which had just come to Camp Upton,' for five hundred men for the artillery. In a trice Colonel 3 2 Briggs got hold of Colonel Doyle and Colonel Miller, of the 305th and 306th regiments, and insisted that, instead of letting the engineers send whom they would, the three commanding officers should personally select their replacements. He went himself to the engineers' barracks and, after looking over the men's service records and qualification cards, picked out those that he thought would make good artillerymen. Part of them were farmers and part were railroad men, and they hailed from Iowa and Minnesota. As soon as these recruits joined us, the Colonel had them put through a course of sprouts which in an amazingly short time enabled them to take their places with the rest in a military formation. Once more the regiment was practically at its full strength and ready for business ! A final and impressive ceremony marked the last week in Camp Upton. The troops were marched out to the great drill field beyond the west end of the camp. There, with the regi- ment drawn up on parade, E Battery, selected for the honor of being the escort for the colors, marched up and received the regimental standards at the hands of General Rees. Then the regiment formed on three sides of a hollow square, facing an altar which had been built of drums. When the colors had been set up by the altar, Mgr. Lavelle, representing Cardinal Farley of the Roman Catholic Diocese of New York, Bishop Greer and Bishop Burch, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and Rabbi Blechmann, director of the Jewish work in the camp, all in their official robes, were escorted by the regimental Chaplain to their place in front. Colonel Briggs made a very brief address to his men in which he urged upon them the necessity of dependence upon God, and congratulated them on the unity of spirit which enabled Protestant and Catholic, Jew and Gentile, to. work as comrades in a great cause. After Chaplain Howard had read a Psalm, Rabbi Blechmann, Bishop Greer and Mgr. Lavelle each in turn offered a prayer dedicating 33 the coiors to the work of the Kingdom of God and consecrat- ing the men of the regiment to His service. It was a singu- larly beautiful and impressive ceremony, and after it the men marched in review past the camp commander with heads held high and steps that were steady with purpose. That was on Thursday, April 18th. On Saturday, all week- end passes were canceled, and, save for a few individuals who were given special permission to go to New York, no one was allowed to leave camp. Then we knew that our time had come. Our departure for the battle fields of France was only a matter of hours. 34 CHAPTER III THE VOYAGE TO FRANCE Sunday, April 21st, was a never-to-be-forgotten day. Every one had been up most of the night, for there were a thousand things to be done. Morning came in a downpour of rain which never let up for a single moment during the entire day. What a dreary spectacle the barracks presented ! Everything movable had been packed, and the hallways were piled high with barrack bags and wooden boxes. The dormitories were stripped -of everything except the iron cots and the inevita- ble collection of debris which always accompanies moving. Details of men were busy with brooms. Others, armed with paint pots and brushes, were marking the baggage with black letters and with a crude reproduction in red of the Statue of Liberty, which had been chosen as the divisional emblem. The clerks in the orderly rooms were swamped beneath piles of typewritten sheets from which they must decipher and make innumerable copies of the sailing lists of men and freight. Guards were posted, and no one was allowed to leave the bar- racks without special permission. About noon arrived the first of an army of relatives. They had got wind of the departure of the regiments, and swarmed down to the camp. Splashing through pools and wallowing in 35 mud that was ankle-deep, they stormed the barracks where their boys were quartered, and then sat in the mess-halls with their soldier friends in pairs and groups the livelong day. Some made brave attempts at hilarity, and, producing sand- wiches and cakes they had brought from home, made of the ■occasion a sort of holiday picnic. Others, especially among the families of the foreign-born, gave way unrestrainedly to their grief and wept frankly on the shoulders of the sons and sweet- hearts to whom they had come to say farewell. The office of the regimental headquarters was the scene of a great bustle of preparation. Captain Sullivan, the Adjutant, brisk and business-like, was the center of a continuous whirl- pool of messengers, clerks, battery commanders, distraught relatives and telephone calls. Colonel Briggs, in his inner sanctum, was all on edge with the pressure and tension of last- minute perplexities ; and yet he seemed to have time for every- body and everything that needed him. Sat in the Mess Hall in Pairs and Groups 36 One little incident occurred which was characteristic both of the day and of the Colonel. About four in the afternoon a soldier entered headquarters escorting a frail little woman whose bedraggled appearance told of her having been flounder- ing about in the mud and wet of the camp. "This lady is looking for her husband," he said. "She says he's in the 304th, so I brought her here." It seemed that she had come to Camp Upton that day for the first time, expecting to be met by her husband at the station. He, as it chanced, had been detained on important business by his battery commander and had been unable to go to the train, with the result that his wife, utterly unfamiliar with the camp, had been tramping around in the drenching rain from place to place trying to locate him. She was standing in the sergeant-major's office when Colonel Briggs, passing through, noticed her. "Is there anything I can do for you?" he asked. She told him her story. Evidently she was on the verge of tears. "You wait here," said the Colonel, "and we'll see what can be done. Sergeant-major, get a chair, will you? Or, better still — Chaplain !" he called. "Yes, sir?" "Don't you want to let this little lady sit in your office for a while? I think she will be more comfortable there. And I wish you would go over to Battery and tell the Captain that Mrs. So-and-So is here, and that just as soon as he can be spared I want her husband to come over. Her train goes at five-thirty, and they can have until five o'clock to visit. You might just let them have your office. It's a little more private than this." As evening drew on there were many tearful farewells, and many brave good-bys. By eight o'clock the last visitor had taken his leave and the men were left to their own de- 37 vices. Some of them tried to sleep, but, as may be imagined, there was little rest to be had, and the night wore on gloomily enough. The rain, however, which had continued to pour in torrents all the evening, began to abate, and by midnight it had ceased altogether. About 2:30 A. m. on April 22nd the first sergeants' whistles sounded in the barracks, and the men, shouldering their heavy packs and rifles, fell in for the march to the station. "The entire regiment [writes one man in his diary] marched down Camp Upton's Fifth Avenue, across Eighth Street, and past all the old familiar scenes on the way down to the station where we had so often happily left for a week-end in the city. There was little or no confusion at the depot, and soon we were all entrained. ... It was a relief to be seated, as the packs were extremely heavy and the air murky, and we had not had much sleep of late. "It was hard to realize that we were bound for France, and not on our way to New York on pass. Hicksville, Farm- ingdale and finally Jamaica brought back memories of Satur- days that now belonged to the past. On each railway platform from Jamaica in were clustered groups of commuters waiting for their morning trains. . . . "We finally reached Long Island City at 8:30, the place I left as a rookie four long, hard months before. We were hustled on a ferry and soon were swinging out into the East River. . It was a beautiful April morning, with a slight haze obscuring Manhattan. The sun broke through, however, and it was an ideal day to have a farewell trip around the harbor." As we passed under Brooklyn Bridge, some teamsters, driv- ing their wagons high overhead, looked down and, seeing the boat crowded with troops, waved their hats and cheered lustily. It was the first real send-off we had had, and many a man felt a lump rise in his throat as he realized, perhaps for the first time, that we were actually off for the front, and that back 38 Swinging Out into the East River of us were all the good will and high hopes of the people of America. Further cheering greeted us as, swinging around the lower end of Manhattan, we met boatload after boatload of Jersey commuters on their way to the city. There was no mistaking who or what we were, and as we cut across the North River and made straight for the great army transport docks in Hoboken it seemed absurd to think of all the elaborate pre- cautions of secrecy with which our departure was being guarded. 39 Steaming toward the docks we saw many transports lying there; but towering above them all loomed the huge Leviathan. Could it be that this monster of the sea, wrested from the Germans themselves, was to be the ship to carry us to France ? It seemed too good to be true ; and yet, as soon as we had de- barked, we were marched past all the other vessels and lined up on the pier alongside which stood the giant steamship of the world. After a tedious wait which seemed many hours, we filed, one by one, up the gang-plank and proceeded to our quarters —the officers to staterooms which had already been assigned, and the men down into the bowels of the ship. Those bunks ! Crowded together in unbelievable compactness, the floors about them unswept and untidy, the air stifling, the narrow passage- ways a very labyrinth of complexity, those tiers of bunks ap- peared to the men the last word in discomfort. Yet a few hours' work with brooms and mops did away with the dirt, and, once the ship was in motion, the ventilation was vastly im- proved. Most of our men were quartered away forward, and Colonel Briggs, realizing the conditions which existed below, secured permission for them to have the liberty of the whole forward deck, so that, both before we sailed and during, the entire voyage, they spent most of their time in the open air. A few men were in the very stern of the ship, and they, too, were allowed the freedom of the deck in their vicinity. There was a day and a half of waiting. Standing on the decks we could Those Bunks! look across the river and see New York. 40 TOWERING ABOVE THEM ALL THE HUGE "LEVIATHAN" It was tantalizing to have the city in full view, within such easy telephoning distance, within only a few minutes' ride on a ferry boat. But no one was allowed to leave the ship, and, of course, in the post cards we were permitted to send, no mention what- ever could be made of our whereabouts or of the name of the transport. On Wednesday morning, April 24th, with a movement so smooth that one could hardly tell the ship was in motion, the Leviathan glided out into the river and, turning her nose sea- ward, started on her course. Let one of the guards tell the story of the departure as he experienced it : "I certainly was fortunate to-day. I have been placed on a permanent guard detail for the entire voyage, and my post is at one of the doorways leading to the deck. As luck would have it I came on at 6 A. M., just as we were leaving the pier and swinging out into the river. The decks were cleared of every one but sailors. With a heart too full for expression I got what may be my last look at the town which is home to me. It was a glorious morning, clear as crystal, and Battery Park looked unusually attractive as we glided by. At once I was carried back to last summer and those frequent trips to Coney Island. How I used to try and place myself in the position of one leaving for France and the battle fields! And now at last I too am on my way to the Great Land Beyond. ... I must admit my heart sank a trifle when I thought of all I'll have to suffer before next I set foot in Xew York. But surelv it is worth any sacrifice. Far better to travel three thousand miles to fight the Hun than to some day have him pounding at our gates. . . . New York and all that lies be- hind, you are indeed worth fighting for, and I'll gladly make any sacrifice, even the supreme one, in order that you may always enjoy your present peace and prosperity." Once out of the harbor, we might come on deck. Speculations were rife as to our destination. Some one suggested Brest. 41 A Gun Crew Was Constantly on Duty "There's not a port in France big enough for this ship," said the sailors when we asked them. "So far every trip has been to Liverpool." We noticed that, instead of heading eastward along the ordinary lane of ocean travel, the ship was edging off toward the south. Presently she swung about and made for the north- east, and after an hour or two southeast. This zig-zag course was pursued during the entire voyage, and it was impossible to gain a hint from the direction of our progress as to what part of the coast of Europe we might be headed for. We were astonished to find no convoy of warships await- ing us outside Sandy Hook. "The Leviathan doesn't need any convoy," said the sailors. "She's too fast to begin with, and besides, look at those guns !" 42 Four huge six-inch rifles were mounted on specially built gundecks forward, and four more aft. A gun crew was con- stantly on duty on each deck, the gunner in every case wear- ing at all times a telephone receiver strapped to his head. What with these guards, and with the watch that was con- stantly maintained from the bridge, the crows' nests, and from various points along the upper decks, a submarine would have had to be wary to get within striking distance. Moreover, we were informed by the naval officers that, owing to the enormous size and the perfect construction of the vessel, two or three torpedoes would be necessary in order to cause real danger of sinking. The consequence was that, although the great ship plowed her way through the waters alone, every one felt as secure as if crossing the North River on a ferryboat. Nevertheless, the most minute precautions were taken to avoid trouble. First of all, every flash-light, every box of matches, and every cigarette lighter was required to be turnetl in. Any one who wanted to smoke could borrow a light from one of the sailors. Immediately after sundown the decks were cleared and the doors and port holes closed, so that no light could escape. At an early hour in the evening the lights in the staterooms and cabins, as well as in the men's quarters below decks, were extinguished, and the only illumination was the ghastly and feeble light emitted by a few small incandescent globes of blue glass. Every afternoon "abandon ship" drill was held. At a cer- tain hour the shrill twe-e-e-et of the boatswain's whistle would be heard in every corridor and corner of the transport, and a voice would call out in stentorian tones, "All — hands — abandon — ship!" With that, every one would don his life belt and come on deck. Each officer and man had a certain definite place to be, convenient either to a life boat or a raft. The troops (there were more than ten thousand on board) were assembled by batteries and companies under the direction of 43 their officers and marched to their proper places. Each sec- tion of the ship was controlled by a naval officer. They alone wore side arms: no one else, for obvious reasons, was allowed to carry a pistol. No attempt was ever made to lower the boats. The whole object of the drill was to accustom the soldiers to getting as quickly and as quietly as possible to the places assigned to them. The first day, the drill was a riot of confusion; but by the time we reached the real danger zone the assembly was made in remarkably quick time and in good order. Besides our own regiment, there were on board the Head- quarters Detachment of our 152nd Brigade, the 306th F. A., the nth Infantry, about a hundred Red Cross nurses, and a great many casual troops. The infantry regiment, having been "All Hands Abandon .Ship" 44 an old Regular Army regiment, had what used to be the tradi- tional contempt for any troops of a different branch of the service from their own. This attitude, mingled with an all too apparent scorn for the "damned drafted men," made at first for no little unpleasant feeling. Even the officers, many of whom were in the Reserve Corps and, like our own, recent graduates of training camps, appeared to delight in a certain discourtesy to the officers of the artillery which for a time was hard to overcome. But the feeling wore off as the voyage continued, and both officers and men learned to have a little more respect for the red hat cords and boots and spurs. Per- haps they found that it made little difference to us whether they liked us or not. At any rate they had to listen on more than one occasion to our men on their forward deck, or to the officers outside the saloon after supper, singing, "We don't give a damn For any old man Who is not in the artilleree !" Major Sanders was permanent field officer of the day, and his days and nights were spent in a ceaseless perambulating all over the ship. He had guards everywhere, from the topmost decks to the bilge keel, and from stem to stern. There were many places to which soldiers were not allowed access, and it required constant vigilance to keep men and officers where they belonged. After dark no one was permitted so much as to poke his nose outside, and at ten o'clock every officer was supposed to be in his stateroom. If he were found in the corridor, an explanation "in writing by endorsement hereon" was required, and if the explanation were not satisfactory dis- ciplinary action was in order. Inasmuch as no lights were per- mitted in the staterooms, there was nothing to do but go to bed. The men, ordered below decks at dark, had no very palatial places to spend their evenings. They used to congregate on the 45 lattice-work floors in the hatchways, and while away the time singing, joking, dancing to the music of mouth-organs, and trying as best they could to forget the discomforts of their sur- roundings. Of entertainment there was little. The ship boasted a mov- ing picture machine, which was used every night in the mess hall; but there were so many thousand troops on board, and the difficulties of getting from one place to another were so great, especially after the water-tight doors were closed be- tween compartments at night, that our men never had but one chance to go to a show, and few of them succeeded in getting there even then. But the band used to play on deck, and some- times the men would gather round and sing. Ours was the only regiment on board that did sing, and a crowd was sure to collect on the upper decks whenever the music started. On our one Sunday afternoon on board both Colonel Briggs and Colonel Kelly were to be seen, each perched on a capstan, right in amongst the throng of men as they sang "Hail, hail, the gang's all here," "In the Artillery," and "Over hill, over dale." It was a sight worth remembering. So great was the crowd on the ship that it was found to be impossible to feed the men more than twice a day. With those two meals, the mess hall was busy from morning till night. The food, however, was excellent, and no complaints were heard. Getting as little exercise as they did, the men found two meals quite sufficient, and were it not for the long waits as the lines filed into the mess hall they would have been quite content with the arrangement. What little exercise they got was in the form of calisthenics. Every morning each organization marched up to the long promenade decks, and there the men, peeling off their blouses, were put through a short, snappy physical drill. Once or twice there were some boxing bouts. Each day, in connection with the exercise, there was a physical inspection conducted by the 46 LEAVING NEW YORK HARBOR surgeons, to guard against any possible infectious disease. A few of the men were taken sick on the voyage, but we were fortunate in not having any serious trouble with illness. On the whole, the men seemed to enjoy the voyage. One of them wrote at the time, "Really the spirit of the fellows is surprising. Of course it is the first trip the majority of the men have ever had, and they are taking it in the nature of an outing." This held true even in the danger zone as we ap- proached the European coast. "It was difficult to realize [the same writer says J that we were at last in that much famed war zone, that at any moment we might be struck by a sub- marine. Every one was perfectly calm, and there wasn't the slightest excitement, only the intensest interest in the doings of the destroyers." For, on the seventh day. we had come on deck to find four destroyers coursing about the ship, two on each side. They would shoot ahead, and then hang back ; then one would cross over and join the two on the other side, and presently rush around behind and catch up to its old place again. This was really the first thing we had had to look at during the entire trip, and the little war vessels furnished a diversion that was rather a relief, for the days were becoming tiresome. We knew that we could not be far now from our port, and again men began to speculate as to our probable destination. On the evening of the seventh day, a group of them were standing on the deck, getting a last breath of fresh air. Sud- denly they noticed that from above the bridge, signals were being flashed to the destroyers. They could not see the tiny ray of light which leaped out toward the smaller vessels, but they could see the shutters working. Some of them, trained in visual signaling, began to watch closely, and they discovered that the message was' being sent in the international Morse code. Immediately their attention was fixed, and they caught these words: "O-u-r o-r-d-e-r-s c-a-1-1 f-o-r B-r-e-s-t." 47 Proceeding Direct to France This was repeated three times. Just then the guard came along and ordered them below, but they had seen enough to start a thrill of excitement in the sleeping quarters. We were proceeding direct to France ! The next morning, May 2nd, there was a fog so dense that those who were on deck early could not even see the destroyers. Little by little, however, the mists began to clear, and we caught glimpses of land on both sides. The news spread quickly and in no time the decks were crowded. Gradually the sun broke through and dispelled the fog altogether, and we found ourselves glid- ing smoothly in between the beautiful green hills which mark the entrance to the harbor of Brest. What a welcome sight that land was ! The city itself nestled at the foot of a hill ahead of us, and all around were rich green pasture lands and quaint cottages, with one or two huge windmills and the re- mains of some ancient fortifications. The striking thing about it all was the atmosphere of perfect peace and tran- quillity. Could this be the land that for nearly four years had been torn by the ravages of war ? Was this the country to which we had come to fight, the Hun ? Strange looking boats were sailing about, and as the ship came to anchor, several tugs and lighters came along- side. Presently we saw our baggage being trundled through a door which had opened down near the water line 48 Captain Doyle and piled on board one of the lighters. Then came the order for the men to roll their packs and the officers to get their luggage ready, and shortly after noon the regiment began to crawl down through the ship, and across a little gang plank to a lighter which lav on the port side. While we were debark- ing on one side, the 306th was boarding a lighter on the other. We were the first artillery regiments of the National Army to' reach France, and al- though nothing 1 was said dfesE? One or Two Huge Windmills about it at the moment, Colonel Briggs told us afterward that his one desire was to beat the 306th ashore, so that ours might be the very first one to arrive. How he did hustle and crowd the men onto those narrow decks ! Finally every one was on board, and the lighter moved off a good ten minutes ahead of the other regiment. The upper decks of the great Leviathan, towering above us, were crowded with sailors, soldiers and nurses, wav- ing hats and handker- chiefs. Then the band, which had been reserved a special place, broke out into music, and to the strains of "Good-by, Lit- tle Girl, Good-by," the 304th bade farewell to the splendid ship which had brought us so safely on our perilous journey. One man was seen to kiss the The Ship Came to Anchor 49 tips of his fingers and reach out and touch the steel side as we moved away, and to say quietly, "Thank you !" He expressed what we all felt. As we neared the shore, the band burst into "La Mar- seillaise," which brought cheers from the sailors on French boats that were ly- ing in the harbor. And finally, when we pulled into feJ^^^^rL. >> tne dock, the soldiers and ■ 3Wr ~ stevedores on the shore Kiddies Were Everywhere , , were brought to attention by the strains of "The Star-Spangled Banner." There was a thrill about it all that was new to most of us. Then the regiment was formed on the street by the pier, and we began a long, hard march. The men, softened by their eight days' confinement in close quarters, were carrying heavy packs, winter overcoats, rifles, a hundred rounds of cartridges, and canteens full of water. The road lay up an exceedingly steep hill through the town. The sun overhead was hot. But Colonel Briggs had his own idea's about the good or ill im- pression made by the appearance of a regiment, and he ordered the march to be made at attention, so with the band playing a lively tune we stepped off briskly and started up the road. Little boys and girls swarmed about our feet like so many beetles, running, jumping, shouting, begging for money, and trying desperately to keep step with the band. Crowds of people gathered to watch us pass, and for the first time we were conscious of the utter absence of young men and the pre- dominance of mourning. There was no hilarity of enthusiasm, but the faces of the people were earnest, often almost prayer- ful. Occasionally a woman would be seen quietly weeping as she watched the troops go by. It was a tremendously moving experience. The whole significance of our being there seemed 5o to dawn on us at once, and many a man found it hard to choke back the tears. Others were troubled less with sentiment than they were with fatigue. The packs were so heavy, the sun was so hot, the overcoats were so hopelessly out of place, and the hill was so long and steep, that after a while men began to drop out of line and to sit, half exhausted, on the curb. Every one wished that the Colonel would call a halt, but he kept on, ap- parently oblivious to everything except getting to the top of the hill. One little urchin, after marching beside him for a minute, reached up and slipped his hand into that of Colonel Briggs. The latter looked down and smiled, and went on, leading the youngster along with him. He was intent, just then, not on the feelings of the men in his column, but on the feelings of the French people. He wanted them to know that here was a regiment, well-behaved and friendly, that meant business, and he intended that we should march through Brest as if we had come with a purpose. At length, the city passed, the column came out on top of the hill into a road that led through beautiful fields which were decked out in the full glory of spring. Here, at last, the wel- come order was given: "Halt! Fall out for fifteen minutes' rest." In an instant the packs rolled off the men's backs like Christian's bur- den at the foot of the cross, and every one was presently stretched out at full length on the ground. It had been so long since we had seen any grass or flowers that it seemed as if we must be in heaven. Camp Upton The Boys Were More Bold 51 had been a barren place at best, and when we left it was hardly out of the grip of a long, hard winter. But here in France the grass was long and luscious, the trees had put forth their leaves, the shrubs were in blossom, and flowers were bloom- ing gayly by the wayside. Little girls came up to us as we sat resting, and offered us tight little fistfulls of tiny flowers they had gathered. The boys were more bold, and promptly asked for cigarettes. "Mais tu es bien trop petit (You are much too little)," said an officer to a youngster of perhaps seven years. "Ah," replied the boy, "C'est pour mon pare (it's for my father) !" The little rascals ! They learn to. smoke as soon as they learn their A B C's. The rest at an end, packs were shouldered again and the regiment resumed its march. After a mile or two on a level country road, the column turned and proceeded up a lane toward a large gate which opened in the middle of a great stone wall. It was the Pontanezen Barracks, once used by the soldiers of Napoleon. We marched through the gate into a great yard where a throng of curious soldiers gathered about to see who the new arrivals were. "Loosen up! Give us a tune!" they yelled when they saw the band. So the band played as we came to a halt. And then, after a few moments' wait while the organization commanders re- ceived their instructions, the men were marched to their sleep- ing quarters and the officers went to their tents, and, glad to be for the present at least at the end of our journey, we pre- pared for our first night on French soil. Destroyers 52 CHAPTER IV TRAINING AT CAMP DE SOUGE Pontanezen Barracks was supposed to be a rest camp, and every one was looking forward to a chance to recuperate after the fatigue of the voyage and of the exhausting hike from the docks. But the term "rest camp" was a misnomer. To begin with, the men's bunks were impossible. They con- sisted of wooden frames with slats set about five inches apart, and trying to sleep on them without mattresses was like try- ing to sleep on some ancient instrument of torture. Then, cooking facilities were very poor, and the mess sergeants had great difficulty in preparing decent meals. Worst of all, for some men at least, was the order which came through requir- ing the 304th to furnish several hundred men for construction work on the docks at Brest. Those who were unfortunate enough to be selected for that detail spent the best part of their "rest period" at the hardest kind of manual labor. Nevertheless, those at the camp had considerable recreation. Thanks to the Y. M. C. A., athletic facili- ties were abundant, and we had a number of good base- ball games. Both officers Inside the Gates, Pontanezen Barracks 53 and men got up teams and played the other organizations in the camp. Over in front of the officers' tents riotous games of indoor baseball were played, in which every one, from Pontanezen Barracks Colonel Briggs and Colonel Kelly down to the junior second lieutenants, took part. Besides these" sports, there were hikes which took the men out through the surrounding country, and they found it a real recreation to march along the roads and through narrow lanes, flanked on either side by green banks, or to sprawl during the halts in the beautiful fields, most of which were enclosed by peculiar earthen fences overgrown with vines and shrubs. The country was fresh and green, the air soft and balmy, and the villages and people were new and in- teresting. On Tuesday, May 7th, our journey to some training camp was to begin, and at three o'clock in the morning we were routed out of our blankets and told to prepare to move. In the pitch dark, made denser by a thick fog, we packed our belongings and ate a hasty breakfast, and by 6:30 we were on the road marching toward Brest. Arrived at the railroad station, we found our trains await- ing us — trains the like of which none of us had ever seen be- fore. They consisted chiefly of little four-wheeled French 54 freight cars, so tiny that they looked like toys. On the side of each car was painted the legend "Homines 40, Chevaux 8, en longue (40 Men, 8 Horses, lengthwise)." It was hard for the men to believe that they were actually expected to travel in those "cattle cars," alongside which the ramshackle coaches of the Long Island seemed like. Pullmans. But such was the case. By crowding in on the rude wooden benches which served as seats, forty men were compressed into each car. Lying down had evidently not been taken into consideration by the authorities who planned the trip. A few men were for- tunate enough to be put into second- and third-class coaches, but the vast majority traveled "Hominies forty," as they called it. The officers, in accordance with French custom, were pro- vided with ancient first-class compartments. All that day and night, and all through the next day and up to midnight, the three trains bearing our regiment rolled south- ward. Occasionally there were stops where one could get out and stretch one's legs, and at two or three stations French coffee, horribly bitter and black, was served from huge cans on the platforms. The meals consisted chiefly of canned corned beef and "bully beef," and butterless bread. There was plenty of it, but the diet was one to which the men had yet to become accustomed. Sleep, for a great many, was out of the question, and although every one enjoyed the interesting and beautiful country through which we passed, it was a weary lot of sol- diers that responded to the order to detrain when, about midnight on May 8th, we reached the little " Hommies Forty " 55 village of Bonneau, a few miles outside the city of Bor- deaux. There we were met by Major Sparks, who, accompanied by Sergeant Smart, of Supply Company, as in- terpreter, had left Camp Upton ahead of us and come over as advance agent to prepare the way. With the Major for guide, the regiment marched along the dark, wet roads for what seemed an in- terminable distance (in reality it was less than three miles) to where we were to undergo a course of training in ar- tillery work. A wooden arch over the entrance bore the sign "Camp de Souge," and for the first time we knew the name of our destination. After a few hours' sleep, the men were up and at work getting the barracks in order. These were low, wooden build- ings with concrete floors, well ventilated and equipped with electric lights. The bunks were solidly made wooden cots which, when covered with straw-filled bed sacks, were more comfortable than any beds the men had seen since coming into the army. The camp was arranged with the officers' quarters and mess-hall, as well as the hospital, down near the entrance; and then a single long street flanked by double rows of barracks reached straight out through a sandy plain to the Y. M. C. A. hut, the school buildings, and the Camp Com- mander's office at the farther end. A new section, occupied Entrance to Camp de Souge 56 temporarily by Chinese coolies, extended to the left from the end of the street. Those Chinese coolies were a novel feature. They were supposed to be doing the labor on the roads and unfinished buildings, but their method of work urn Chinese Coolies Were a Novel Feature was, to say the least, peculiar. They would saunter past the barracks in the morning carrying umbrellas, bird cages and musical instruments, as well as a few picks and shovels. Ar- rived at their place of labor, they would sit around and talk, while occasionally some of the more ambitious would get up and shovel a little dirt. "These Chinks," wrote one of our men in a letter, "can get more rest out of a shovel than I can out of a feather bed." About four in the afternoon they would come past again on their way to their quarters, bearing in their Some of the More Ambitious 57 hands chickens, bunches of onions and all sorts of vegetables, and singing weird songs in a shrill monotone while they made the most hideous noises on their ridiculous instruments. It was not until after we had reached Camp de Souge that we learned that our four-point-sev- ens had not arrived in France, and that, in place of them, our regiment, like the 305th, was to be equipped with the famous French 75 millimeter gun. Machine Gun School ' ~" Moreover, not only the 304th but the 306th as well, with their big howitzers, instead of the tractors and motors for which they had been organized and trained, were to have horses. This meant, for us, not only the unlearning of all the knowledge we had acquired about motor transportation, and the development of a school in horseman- ship, but the complete reorganization of the whole regiment. Pistols were to be substituted for rifles. Instead of three bat- talions, we were now to have but two, of three batteries each, and new tables of organization called for changes all through the regiment. Nevertheless, to overbalance these difficulties, there was the good news that a complete equipment of 75's was ready for us. At last we were to have real materiel to work with, and should be compelled no more to resort to the "simulation" which had characterized our training at Camp Upton. After a few days' rest, therefore, an eager lot of soldiers entered with a will upon the hard grind of the artillery school. The first two weeks were spent almost entirely in gun drill. Both officers and men were divided into gun sections and put through a rigid course in all that pertains to sighting, loading and firing the marvelous little piece of which the French had 58 been making such deadly use all through the war. Aside from going through the motions, every one was required to study the mechanism of the gun. The construction of the 75 is extremely simple : much of it can be taken apart and put to- gether without the use of a single tool, and every one was de- lighted to be handling so perfect an instrument, and eager for the time when the regiment should be considered proficient enough to begin actual firing. This time arrived in short order, for on Saturday, May 18th, word was given out that on the following Monday work on the range would commence. The batteries which had made the best record in the preliminary drills and tests were to be the first to fire, and this honor was accorded to Batteries E and C. On Sunday they dragged their guns by hand through the sand to the great champ de fir ( firing field), where, after put- ting the pieces in position, the cannoneers camped for the night. On Monday morning the officers piled into trucks and were taken out to their stations in two of the observation towers. From these points of vantage they could see to right and left of them a long series of such towers, in one of which the officers of the 305th were assembled. About a hundred meters in front stood the guns, their crews busy with preparations for the morning's work. Beyond lay the vast field — a sandy waste on which stood a few groups of pine trees and a number of white panels, some of which represented vaguely houses and a church or two, but most of which merely marked the trenches which had been dug for use as targets. Presently the instructor of the Second Battalion gave out the first problem, which was to adjust the fire of the four guns on a certain group of trees. The object was not to hit the trees, but by "bracketing" them, that is, by placing the shots first beyond them and then on this side, and by getting the bursts at the right height from the ground and at the right 59 distance apart, to determine just what steps would be necessary in order to demolish the target if that should be required. This primary information gives the "base deflection," which, once established, serves as a guide in solving each successive problem thereafter. Captain Perm, whose battery was to be the first to fire, gave his orders through a telephone operator at his elbow, just as he would do at the front, to Lieutenant Martin, the executive officer in immediate command of the guns. There was a moment of quick activity on the part of the cannoneers as they carried out the directions and slammed the shells into the breeches. "Ready to fire, sir," reported the telephone operator. "Fire!" ordered the Captain. "Fire !" repeated the operator. There were four flashes and four loud reports. "On their way!" called the man at the 'phone. Every officer raised his field glasses and peered at the group of trees. Presently four little puffs of white smoke appeared in a row just beyond the target, as the shrapnel burst in the air. The first round of our career had been fired! All morning long the guns of the two regiments banged away. Each battery commander in turn, and each battalion commander, had an opportunity to fire a problem and then to be criticized by one of the instructors. Some of the lieutenants, too, had their turn, and each officer tried to profit by the mis- takes and the good points of his predecessors. For the men at the guns it was, as one of the gunners wrote, "a red letter day. At last," he says, "after all our long months of 'intensive' training we have finally fired a shot. And it is some sensation to be seated on the gunner's seat when those 75 's begin to roar. Most every one was a trifle nervous at first, but this soon wore off, and at the conclusion every one acted like veteran cannoneers." 60 The instructors agreed with this last statement, for during the entire morning, although the work was new and exciting, not a single error was made by the gun crews in carrying out the orders given them, and Captain Perin and Captain Bacon were congratulated on the fine work of their men and of the executive officers. Before another week had passed every battery was having its turn at the firing, and every officer was given the opportunity to acquire the knack of quick decision, accurate calculation and clearness in the giving of orders. Often they made mistakes — sometimes big ones — but the instructors, who were French and American officers that had seen service at the front, were very patient and very encouraging, and it was not long before every one was gaining confidence and skill. Those gun crews which were not on the range were always kept busy at their drills. Great emphasis was laid on this practice with un-loaded pieces, for it was essential that the men acquire speed and accuracy in shifting the guns about, adjusting the sights, and performing all the functions of their office. To stimulate competition, a contest was held every Sat- urday, in which all the batteries went through the same series of problems. Their time was kept with a stop watch, and after each problem the instructors would check up what had been done to see whether the work had been exact as well as rapid. General Rees promised that the battery in the brigade which established the best record during the training should fire the first shot when we got to the front. Battery E led the 304th at the start, but Battery C climbed gradually to the top, and at the end of the course their cannoneers were pronounced champions of the brigade. Meanwhile the horses had begun to arrive. Here many a man who had not qualified as an expert cannoneer had op- portunity to show what he was worth. A good many of the last increment of recruits we had received before leaving Camp 61 Upton, as well as some of the up-state New Yorkers, were farmers and accustomed to horses. Without them the task of getting the regiment ready for -the front would have been enormous. It was often amusing to see some of the city- bred boys, many of whom hardly knew a horse from a mule, standing at arm's length trying to groom the hind, legs of a nervous quadruped, and ready at any moment to dive beyond the reach of the animal's heels. Even those who, by their ex- perience on farms or in livery stables, knew something about horses were not versed in army methods, and instruction had to be given from the very bottom in the elements of grooming, feeding, riding and driving. While the cannoneers were being drilled and the drivers taught their business, all the specialists were receiving a thorough schooling. One group was given a course in wire- less telegraphy, including not only the transmission of mes- sages, but the art of signaling by divers means to airplanes. Telephonists were taught everything connected with the oper- ating, construction and repair of field telephones, the laying of wires and the setting up of exchanges and switchboards. This work- is of incalculable importance in the field. Drafts- men were busy in the school of topography, map-making and the drawing" of panoramic sketches. Mechanics were studying the fine points of the guns, so as to be able properly to repair and care for them. A sec- tion of each battery was detailed to the machine gun school, in order that enemy airplanes might not come too close, and that, in the case of an at- tack, the men might be tiU./tk-Jg? Not Versed in Army Methods 62 protected while getting their guns out of position. Then there were the non-commissioned officers who had been designated to study the uses and dangers o£ poison gas : they were to serve as instructors to their comrades, and to have general charge of the gas defense at the front. An inconceivable number of spe- cialists such as these are necessary to every artillery regiment, and ours were all busy from morning till night. This included the ever-present buglers and drummers who made the hot afternoons mournful with their melancholy rumblings and tootings. The officers were even busier than the men. Out at the range every morning from seven-thirty till twelve, they spent their afternoons in studying such all-important subjects as orientation, which is the science of being able to locate one- self and to determine the exact position of one's whereabouts on the map. The purpose of this is not so much to keep front getting lost as to enable an officer to figure his firing data with a map when he has no means of observing the shots. Then there were classes and lectures on camouflage, liaison, mate- riel, the construction of gun emplacements and dugouts, and all the hundred-and-one subjects which an artillery of- ficer is supposed to know. Nor did the evenings bring them a rest, as it did to the men, for if there were no lectures in the school the battalion command- ers inaugurated little classes of their own, and many an evening 63 A Corner of Bordeaux found a group of weary lieutenants sitting in Major Devereux's room staring at a blackboard, or reclining in chairs in the moon- light outside Major Sanders's quarters listening to criticism and opinions and suggestions on the work of the day. Presently the gas masks arrived, and the absurd but neces- sary drill in the use of these inventions of the devil was inau- gurated. Of all the helpless, suffocating, strangling sensa- tions known to man, there are few to be compared with the first attempts to wear a gas mask. After the first day's drill Colonel Kelly remarked, "If ever a gas shell explodes when I am around, I can see nothing for it but to lie down as near the spot as possible, take a few deep breaths, hold my identifica- tion tag up in my hand, and wait patiently for the end !" Af- ter a little practice, however, we all got used to them, and soon we were having relay races and baseball games with those hideous things strapped to our faces. It was a great disappointment to us all when, early in June, Major Sparks was taken away from us and assigned, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, to the 17th Field Artillery. In his command of our regiment during the absence of Colonel Kelly in the fall Of 191 7, he had won the respect and affection of officers and men, and in his work at Camp de Souge he had shown exceptional skill in the use of artillery. But no one could grudge him his promotion, especially as the regiment to which he was going" was already at the front. ■ Shortly afterwards Colonel Kelly, who was at the time away with a large detail of men buying horses for the brigade, was also transferred, and, as it happened, to the same regiment as the Major. He had made so many friends among us, and had done so much while he was in command to build up the esprit de. corps, that his going, too, was a great disappointment. The men who were with him at Montargis on that horse de- tail still maintain that they never had a commanding officer like Colonel Kelly. But he went with the full rank of colonel 64 to take command of a regiment, and we could not but wish him joy in the prospect of immediate service on the firing line. With all the strenuous labor of the school, some form of recreation was an absolute necessity. For the officers it con- sisted chiefly in week-end leaves to Bordeaux or to the sea- shore resort at Arcachon, where they found relaxation in a change of scene and air and in the good dinners which were C BF E SORDEAUX J Week-end Leaves to Bordeaux to be had at the restaurants. For the men, overnight leaves were forbidden, but those who earned good-conduct passes were allowed to go to Bordeaux in the morning and come back at night, while a great many spent their leisure hours wander- ing through the countryside, sitting in the woods, dining in the fascinating little inns with which those villages abound, or buying souvenirs in the shops. Because of the hot weather and the physical fatigue, athletics were not popular. The men preferred to spend their free time in loafing. In the camp itself the Y. M. C. A. had, at first one and later two, well-equipped huts. There the writing-tables, books and magazines, canteens, entertainments, lectures and band con- certs attracted great numbers of the men every evening. Es- pecially was this true when shows of our own concoction were on the boards. Considerable talent was unearthed which had never been suspected in Camp Uptpn, and all three regiments, as well as the Ammunition Train, contributed their share to 65 Dining in Fascinating Little Inns the enjoyment not only of onr own troops, but also of the bri- gade of regulars who about the middle of June replaced the Chinese in the east end of the camp. Because the 304th was midway between the two Y huts, both of which were crowded to capa- city, the Chaplain, during the first week of our stay in Camp de Souge, secured an empty barrack in the midst of the regi- mental area, where a recreation room was opened. It soon became known as the "Chaplain's joint.'' With the cordial cooperation of the Y. M. C. A. authorities, writing tables and benches were installed, a branch canteen was established, and a small library was put in circulation. Unfortunately no piano could be obtained, so that no entertainments were held there; but the band gave a con- cert once a week, and every evening the canteen did a thriving business, while the tables were always well occupied by men writing letters or reading or having a quiet game of checkers or dominos. In this same building a communion service was held every Sunday morning - . This was well attended, not only by the Protestants of our own regiment, but by a good many from the other organizations in camp. At the Y. M. C. A.'s too there were always morning and evening services, conducted by the two Protestant chaplains. For the Catholic men, masses were said by Chaplain Killian, of the Ammunition Train, and Chap- lain Sheridan, of the 305th. The latter had his services at a little out-door rustic chapel built by the French. The ready response to these opportunities for religious devotion on the 66 part of the men was an indication of the seriousness of mind which, because of the separation from home and the approach- ing move to the battle front, was steadily growing upon them. The feeling of separation from home was augmented by the slowness and irregularity of the mail service. Letters from America were few and far between. The post office, which occupied a small room in the front of the Chaplain's build- ing, was besieged with men asking questions about the probable arrival of mail and the causes of the delays. The mail ser- geant, Charles McDerrnott, who knew no more about it than any one else, became so unpopular that he had to close the win- dow in his office to prevent people from poking their heads in and telling him what they thought of him'. Then, at length,, the mail truck would stop in front of the building and dump off several great sacks of American letters. They would be seized and dragged inside, where the mail clerks, behind locked doors, would sort the precious cargo, and in an amazingly short time every battery and company would be the scene of a wild scramble as the first sergeant stood and called off the names of the fortunate. The scarcity of mail was partly responsible for a gen- eral feeling of homesickness which began to take posses- The Canteen Did a Thriving Business 6 7 sion of a great many of the men. For some strange reason the idea spread that we would never go to the front, that the war would be over in a few weeks, and men began to speculate and even to bet on the possibilities of our being home by early fall. Some of the soldiers persisted in this attitude even after the terrific German offensive started on May 27th. On the map which hung on the wall in the Chaplain's building was a row of pins which marked the battle line. The fact that these pins shifted daily, and always backward to- ward the Marne, opened the eyes of some, but there were others who hung about in little groups and talked about going home un- til it seemed as though something ought to be done to check it. The battery commanders talked with their men and pointed out the power of the German drive and the necessity for heroic ef- forts on the part of the Allies, and especially for speed on our own part if we did not want to be too late to help save the cause from defeat. The Chaplain, with the enthusiastic backing of the commanding officer, had a regimental service one Sunday in which the whole issue was put very squarely, and an appeal was made to the men to put aside their thoughts of home and to throw themselves heart and soul into the work of preparation. All these things had their effect, and the slump, which, though it had been general throughout the brigade, was merely a temporary reaction, gave place to a new spirit of eagerness and impatience to get through with the training and get into action. Captain Mahon The final event in the course was the firing of a night bar- rage by the entire 152nd Brigade. The regiments went out to the range one afternoon late in June, and, putting their guns into position, prepared their camp for the night. The line of the supposed infantry trenches was indicated to the regi- mental commanders, as well as the place in front of the trenches where the curtain of protecting fire was to be laid down when it should be called for. No one knew what the hour would be, but all prepara- tions were made to be ready to fire at an instant's notice. Each battery was assigned its definite field of fire, the guns were laid, and, supper eaten, the men lay down to sleep. Suddenly, a little after midnight, the peculiar shriek of a certain compressed air whis- tle, used at the front as a gas alarm, burst on the silence of the night. It was the call for a barrage ! Instantly every officer and man leaped to his feet and darted for his post. Within a . few seconds the first gun went off with a roar, and immediately the whole line was ablaze with the fire of seventy-two guns, while the space out in front of the "trenches" was lit by the bursting of shrapnel and high explosive shells. After a few minutes the order was given to cease firing, and all was silent again. Three times during the night this was repeated, and by morning the men felt almost as if they had had a taste of real war. By the end of June the course was finished. After that there were one or two hikes to give the drivers and cannoneers practice in handling the guns on the roads and in bringing them into action as in open warfare, but the great event of those last days was the Fourth of July parade in Bordeaux. In this celebration the firing batteries of the whole brigade, as well as a good many other troops, both French and American, 69 were to take part, and on July 3rd the 304th set out with horses and guns for the city. It was hard work, for the weather was hot, the roads were dusty, and, above all, the drivers were green. It is no small task for inexperienced men to get a team of six horses, with gun and limber, around a sharp turn, and for the first few miles it looked as if some of the guns might be ditched. Colonel Briggs, himself an expert in all that pertains to horses, waited at every corner to watch the batteries go by, and to make suggestions to the drivers. With the faults at the head of the column he would be very patient. "Let go your off horse, my man. Just drive the horse you're on; the other will follow along. That's it. Don't touch him!" But by the time the sixth battery came past and the drivers were still making the same mistakes as the first, he would be ready to commit murder. "Let go that off horse!" he would roar. The poor driver, terrified by this sudden command from some one he had not noticed beside the road, would promptly do the wrong thing, and dropping the reins of his own horse, would begin to be- labor the other. "Do you hear what I say? LEAVE THAT OFF HORSE ALONE! You've got enough to do to drive your own. DROP THAT REIN !" After a few experiences of this kind, however, the drivers began to learn, and on the return trip, two days later, the guns rounded the corners as if they had been running on tracks. At evening the three regiments came to an immense field which, before the war, had been a fashionable race course. There the shelter tents — familiarly known as "pup tents" — were set up and a camp was established. By the time the place was in order and the horses groomed, the battery kitchens had supper ready. Sitting on the clean turf, the men enjoyed a restful meal as they watched the lanterns and kitchen fires 70 twinkle in the summer twilight. By dark a tired lot of soldiers were rolled in their blankets asleep. Next morning at an early hour we were on the road again moving toward Bordeaux. On reaching the city we found the streets lined with people, and as we approached the center of town the crowds became more and more dense. The side- walks were jammed, and at every window and on every bal- cony enthusiastic men, women and children were waving flags and shouting their welcome. All along the line of march the troops were greeted with cheering: not the perfunctory hand- clapping of the usual Fourth of July celebration, but the warm, joyful welcome of a people who were thoroughly glad to see these new additions to the armies that were fighting in their behalf. Through the narrow streets, out into the square where, by the reviewing stand and about the great monument in the center, thousands of citizens were massed, the whole feeling seemed to be what one often heard expressed in those days: "There are the American soldiers who have come to save France !" After the parade the men and officers had the rest of the day to themselves, and they found plenty of amusement in and about the city until, in groups of threes and fours, they made their way to the tents for a good night's sleep before the long hike back to the training camp. The whole experience had been well worth while, and all who took part felt that our stay in Camp de Souge had reached a fitting end. 71 CHAPTER V ON THE LORRAINE FRONT While we were wondering where the brigade was to he sent, and whether, like the regiments which had preceded us in Camp de Souge, we should be kept around the base section for an extra month or two, the news somehow filtered in that we were to proceed direct to the front. It was with no little excitement, therefore, that we began to en- train at Bonneau on Tuesday, July 9th. Now that we had our full equipment of guns, wagons, horses, mules, rolling kitchens and carts of all descriptions, it was necessary to split the regiment up and give each battery a train to itself. On the first load went the regimental headquarters and the Headquarters and Supply Companies, while the batteries, beginning with D, fol- lowed on behind. When it came to getting the horses and mules into the box cars there was a circus. Some of the mules had to be blindfolded and led in circles, and then suddenly backed into the train. One group of stallions had kicked a hole through the side of their car before the train left the station. Captain Kempner worked for half an hour with a mare who 72 had simply made up her mind that she was not going. Finally she landed in a heap on the floor of the car, on top of Sergeant Cote, who had her halter. At length, however, the first train was loaded and on its way, and the others followed in order during the next two days. This journey was very different from the last. "We're traveling in comfort," says a letter written on the train. "There is no comparison between this and the trip from [Brest] to Bordeaux. For one thing they have the field kitchens mounted on flat cars, so that the cooks can prepare real meals and serve them hot. For another thing, having all the wagons and vehicles along makes more space — things and people aren't crowded together so. And then the men are more used to roughing it anyhow." The flat cars made splendid observation platforms, on which the troops rode for hours at a time, looking at the beautiful French landscapes and breathing deep the fresh summer air. "We have been climbing through hills, passing quaint villages, old mills with their wheels turning by beauti- ful ponds, one superb chateau with Maxfield Parish towers Getting the Mules into the Box Cars 73 rising out of a wood, field after field of golden wheat, ready for harvest, often with scarlet poppies glowing in the midst of the grain. Flowers everywhere — golden-rod in full bloom! And thistles and purple asters ! Butter- cups and pink clovers and daisies ! No — it's not New England. There's a farm house and a barn built wholly of gray stone with a mellow, red-tiled roof, and funny two-wheeled carts in the barnyard. It's Europe, after all! ... It all seems so far removed from war. Here we are, rolling toward the front (trundling would be a better word for the gait of these trains), and yet my imagination cannot see beyond this perfect peace of God's beautiful world. Yet, at the last sta- tion we passed a carload of German prisoners going the other way !" After two days' travel we found ourselves coming into French Lorraine. We had known vaguely that we were booked for that part of the front, and although we knew that it was not a very active sector there was a certain thrill in feeling that we were at last getting into a region where actual war conditions prevailed. As one of the men writes : "A spirit of eagerness and curiosity took possession of us all. It was so strange, so quiet, ^■^y/ The very air seemed to be i l|Hk| filled with impending ex- citement, but, as may have been expected, nothing ex- traordinary happened. About 8:30 P.M. we Captain Kempner Worked for Half an reached Luneville. The Hour 74 Entraining at Bonneau town was completely in darkness, and we were told that an air- raid occurred the previous evening. This all added to the sup- pressed excitement and every one was on his toes as we rumbled into the station." There was but a short stop in Luneville, for the end of our journey was not there but in Baccarat, a town lying a few miles to the south, famous in times of peace for its glass in- dustry. The first train reached Baccarat on the morning of the 12th. Colonel Briggs and Lieutenant Martin, who had become act- ing Adjutant when Captain Sullivan was sent away to the Staff College, at once went out to look over the situation. The in- fantry of the 77th Division, whom we had not seen since they left us at Camp Upton, were already in the lines, and we heard that they had even then suffered some unpleasant casualties 75 from gas and liquid, fire. There had been very little active warfare in the sector since the early fall of 1914. At that time the Germans had found that their easiest access into French territory was through Belgium, and the French, giving up their long-cherished hope of reconquering German Lor- raine by the sword, had been obliged to put their whole effort into stemming the tide of invasion in the north. Ever since then this particular part of the front had been used by both forces to train new troops for battle, and to give those who had been worn out by more strenuous work in other sectors a chance to rest without being actually out of the lines. Never- theless the Germans had a way of keeping track of what troops were opposing them, and when they found a new American divi- sion on the ground, they tried all their tricks to harass and discomfit them. Our infantry held a line which, roughly speaking, passed through St. Martin, Domevre and Ancerviller. The 153rd and 154th Brigades had each one regiment in the front line and one in reserve. Our regiment was assigned to support the 153rd Brigade, whose commander, Brigadier-General Witten- meyer, had his headquarters in the little village of Merviller. Thither Colonel Briggs went and, establishing himself in the town with Captain Kempner, who was to be the operations of- ficer, Lieutenant Martin and Chaplain Howard, he conferred with the brigade commander and looked up the positions the batteries were to occupy. The usual arrangement of an artillery regiment in the field is as follows : There is, first of all, an echelon (a French term meaning literally "step"), situated far enough in the rear to be near the source of supplies and as free as possible from the danger of shelling. There the horses and wagons are kept, and the various organizations maintain their offices and their principal base. There the Supply Company is located, and the food is brought each day and put in a large dump, whence it 76 ALSACE-LORRAINE is distributed among the batteries. The post office and per- sonnel office are there and any other part of the regiment which functions for the whole body but is not immediately necessary to the fighting units. In advance of the echelon, at some central place where easy communication can be established with all parts of the regi- ment, are the regimental headquarters. Here the colonel and his adjutant have their office; here the operations officer re- ceives the orders for battle and apportions to each unit the part it is to play; here the central telephone exchange is set up, and the sergeant-major, with his force of clerks and messengers, handles the general work of receiving, transmitting, sending' and filing all orders which go in or out — a task which later was performed by a "message center" detail. The Headquarters Company is usually located somewhere near the regimental headquarters. They furnish the orderlies" and runners, telephone operators, draftsmen, radio experts, and whatever special details may be called for. Each department of the work is under the supervision of a lieutenant. Farther out toward the front, as near as possible to the gun positions, are the battalion P. C.'s, or posts of command. There the majors and their adjutants live and work. They have with them specially trained officers and men from the Head- quarters Company who handle the telephones, wireless out- fits, map drawings and the all-important messenger service. There is also a sergeant-major with each battalion who is, like the regimental sergeant-major, a sort of office executive. A first aid station under the charge of a surgeon is maintained "in connection with each battalion headquarters, so that these organizations are quite independent and self-sufficient. The battery positions are located in places which afford good opportunities for firing both into the enemy's lines and also im- mediately in front of our own infantry lines. The latter fire is to protect the front trenches in case of an attack by the enemy. 77 But in addition to a good field of fire, the gun positions must have what is called defilade, that is, they must be so located that the enemy cannot see the flash or the smoke of the guns when they fire. The moment a battery's loca- tion is definitely known to the enemy its useful- ness is minimized, for both men and guns ■ "t : '#i are na bl e to be wiped out by counter-battery -^VM^',1^^ ^ re- Positions are usually chosen, therefore, on the rear slope of a hill or in a gully, screened if possible by trees, and affording an easy place for the construction of trenches and dugouts. The latter are important to shelter the men: they are absolutely essential to furnish a comparatively safe place Positions Are Chosen . , , . for the battery commander to work at his maps and firing data, and for the telephone operator to keep at his switchboard and maintain communications with the executive officer at the guns as well as with the battalion and regimental P. C.'s. Out beyond the battery positions are the forward observa- tion posts. These may be in a screened position on the for- ward slope of a hill, or up among the branches of a tree. Some- times they may be in rear of the guns, but always they must be where the observation officer can see and report the effects of his battery's fire, or discover new targets for the artillery to work upon. All these various places are connected by telephone lines, which must be laid as soon as the regiment goes into position, and must be kept in working order every minute of the day and night at whatever cost. The Medical Detachment maintains, as has been stated, a first aid station with each battalion, and in addition furnishes 78 a first-aid enlisted man to each battery. Its headquarters are wherever the regimental surgeon happens to live — some- times at the echelon, sometimes at regimental headquarters, often with the Headquarters Company. This brief description of the usual layout of a regiment in the field will make clear a good many allusions as the story pro- ceeds, for, save in the last great drive, where the rapidity of movement did not permit such elaborate preparations at each new position, the same general scheme was followed through- out all the fighting in which the 304th took part. In placing his regiment in the Baccarat sector, Colonel Briggs put the echelon in a wood some distance back of Merviller. The regimental headquarters and the Headquarters Company were in the village itself, where the Colonel was in constant touch with the infantry brigade commander. Major Sanders with his First Battalion detail was established in Reherey, a little to the north, with Batteries A, B and C on the hill in front, some distance apart. Major Devereux took his bat- talion still farther north, and, placing his batteries near a road which ran parallel to the front lines, took up his head- quarters in the village of Hablainville. The first battery to move into position was D. Before the last of the regiment was detrained in Baccarat, Captain Mahon Forward Observation Post 79 had received his orders, and on Saturday night, July 13th, his train of guns and caissons left the echelon and proceeded through Merviller and off to the left until they came to the position which had been selected. It was a splendid position, right in the very middle of a field of wheat. The guns were sunk in pits so that their muzzles barely protruded above the ground. There were communicating trenches and dugouts al- ready well started by the battery which had just been relieved, and the whole emplacement was covered with a single wire net into which had been entwined enough bits of green burlap to make it blend in with the wheat. From the road, only forty meters away, no one would have guessed, unless well versed in detecting camouflage, that there was a battery anywhere near. That first move out to the front, for each battery in turn, was a thrilling experience. From beyond the hills, whose outlines could barely be distinguished against the dark sky, there arose, in constant slow progres- sion, a series of signal lights. Now and then a rocket would rush up into the sky and bursting would mingle its shining fragments with the stars. Oc- casionally a brilliant red or white flare would blaze out, illuminating the land- scape, as the infantry, suspecting the presence of an enemy patrol in No- Man's-Land, sought to prevent a sur- prise. Here and there a chain of blue stars would rise majestically above the hills and then vanish into the darkness overhead. Rarely one could hear the boom of a gun or the dis- tant popping of rifles. luoiiriuiK Telephone Men in Action 80 In the Baccarat Sector Just as one battery was coming into position there burst directly overhead a white flare which lit up the scene as if a searchlight were being played upon it. The star- tled cannoneers and drivers thought that their end had come, and expected any minute to have a rain of shells de- scend upon them ; but the flare died out and all was quiet as before, and the guns were placed without accident of any kind. There was considerable excitement to know who was to fire the first shot. According to the agreement at Camp de Souge, that honor should have fallen to Battery C. But Colonel Briggs found that the 305th, who had arrived ahead of us, had already begun to register their guns, and so he decided that D Battery, which was the first to be ready, might just as well go ahead. Accordingly, on Sunday afternoon, July 14th, Captain Mahon went to his observation post, and, select- ing a prominent landmark within the enemy's lines, calculated his firing data and telephoned his orders for laying the guns to Lieutenant Eberstadt, his battery executive. The first piece only was to fire, and the gun crew, under Sergeant Ruggiero, in a matter-of-fact way, but nevertheless with a little inward flurry, followed the directions given them and slammed the shell into the breech. "Ready to fire," announced the section chief. Lieutenant Eberstadt repeated it to the telephone operator, and they waited. Presently from the dugout came the operator's voice: "Fire." "Fire !" commanded the Lieutenant. 81 lUfMBVEOt.*! Lieutenant Graham Mounts His Charger With a quick pull of the lanyard there was a loud report; the gun leaped on its carriage as the "whee-you-whee-you- whee-you" of the departing shell sped over the hill. The 304th had fired its first shot of the war! "What do you think you hit?" asked the Chaplain, who happened to be standing by. "Don't know, sir," re- plied one of the men, "but I hope we hit the kaiser!" If Battery D had the best position, Battery E probably had the worst. They were right out in an open field with practically no screen of any kind except the brow of the hill in front. Whoever had dug the emplacements had piled all the dirt in plain sight, and it was evident to any one passing along, let alone to the aerial observers who flew about each day, that there was a gun position there. Captain Perin said that his one hope was that the enemy, seeing so palpable an emplace- ment, would conclude that no one would be fool enough to put a battery in there ! He at once had his men begin work on a new emplacement farther back on the edge of a wood, but it was not finished until just as the regiment was about to leave the sector. However, the old one did very well, for there was little or no shelling. Two or three times some shots came 'over and struck fairly close to both E and F, but the only actual casualty we heard of was a cow, killed on the street in Hablainville that first Sunday morning. The infantry, who were constantly doing patrol duty, and who were called on to carry out and re- pel not a few raids, sustained some losses, but from their whole 82 stay on the Baccarat front the artillery came out scathless. Nevertheless the work was exceedingly profitable as a train- ing" for the regiment under real war conditions. The greatest precautions were observed, just as if we were on the most ac- tive front. No names of places or organizations were ever given over the telephone, nor any official titles used. Every one had to learn to guard his language, and to express his mean- ing in such a way that an enemy, listening in, would be unable to understand the drift of the conversation. Sometimes the camouflaged language was very amusing. Major Sanders one day was in Colonel Vidmer's headquarters, and was there told that a certain raid, which he was to have supported by fire from one of his batteries, had been called off. "I'll have to telephone Captain Bacon," he said. Then, as soon as he had got the connection, he proceeded, "Bacon ? This is Sanders. You remember those securities you were to de- liver this morning to underwrite that little deal we were going to put through? Well, the deal is called off. . . . How about what ? We were Learning the Game of War Entrance to a Dugout yes, that holds good. And Bacon, I believe you still have a sum tied up in a safe deposit vault. Better get it out — that bank's not safe — invest it in that lumber company we were talking about this morning." "What in the world are you talking about?" asked the Colonel, as Major Sanders hung up the re- ceiver. "Why," replied the ma- jor, "I just told Captain Bacon that the raid for to-night was called off. He asked me if the nor- mal barrage remained un- changed, and I told him it still held good. Then I told hiifi to get an isolated gun out of an unsafe emplacement where he had it and put it in the woods !" Camouflage discipline was very strictly enforced. Colonel Briggs was so pleased with D's position, on account of its good camouflage, that he had an aerial photograph taken to demonstrate how well a gun emplacement could be hidden from observation. To his astonishment, the photograph showed plainly, in front of what was known to be the position of each piece, a little fine line extending forward for a few meters. On examination, it was found that the men had once or twice gone out to the aiming-stakes to find out what was the trouble with the little electric bulbs which are used in night firing. In those few trips, the men's feet had worn tiny paths in the wheat which would never be noticed by a passer-by, but which were plainly revealed in the airplane's photograph. It was a good lesson, and the men were taught that they simply must not walk anywhere around the guns except in well-defined paths which 84 had been known to exist before. If ever a new path had to be made, it was continued on past the position, so as not to show, by suddenly coming to an end, that it led to a battery. While we were not often fired upon, our batteries did a good deal of firing on the enemy. It was much like the work they had had at Camp de Souge, but there was the additional inter- esting feature that it was intended to inflict damage on some un- seen foe. In one man's diary we find the following entry: "Last night we were roused out of bed for some harassing fire. We fired four rounds at 12:10 and again at 12:20, and finally at 12 :55 Battery F cooperated. It was all very dramatic waiting in the stilly darkness for the word over the phone which would let loose the fire of death against some unknown enemy that we can't even see." One night, when no one was expecting it, a terrific barrage burst loose from Battery B. Colonel Briggs could not find any one who had authorized the firing, and he made an investi- gation. Captain Doyle summoned a man who had been on guard, and who was reported to have seen a red rocket, which at that time was the prearranged signal for a barrage. "Did you see a rocket last night about eight o'clock?" asked the captain. "I did, sor," replied the guard with a fine brogue. "What color was it?" "Well, sor, 'twere not white; an' 'twere not red — that is, not so red as the rear light av a train. 'Twere more rose!" Further investigation proved that the guard was quite cor- rect: a rose rocket had been sent off at that time — but it was a German rocket! As far as real war went, our stay near Baccarat was not very exciting. The farms and villages were all inhabited, and while we tip-toed about and kept out of sight, the French peas- ants, both men and women, went placidly about their work in the fields, and hoed their potatoes or reaped their wheat right 85 alongside our guns. But they were earning their livelihood: we were learning the game of war, and what we learned in those three weeks was to be of infinite use to us later on when we got to where the fighting was heavy and the danger great. The most spectacular thing we saw was the airplane fights in the sky above us. Hun planes came over every day, and as soon as one appeared we would hear the booming of the French anti-aircraft guns trying to drive it away. Indeed that sound was usually the first warning we had that planes were overhead. Bloom — bloom — bloom — bloom! When it burst high in the air shrapnel had a peculiar sound which was unmistakable. Every one would run out to look — very foolishly and strictly against orders — and there in the sky could be seen a plane surrounded by an ever-increasing number of little white clouds where the shrapnel had burst. Sometimes an Al- lied plane would give chase, and then it would be like watchinsr some fascinating game. The two planes would swoop and dive, and there would be the rattle of machine guns as they pumped away at each 86 other, and then one would suddenly dart off and disappear from sight. In the middle of July the Germans began their last desperate drive toward Paris, and as the news reached us those first two or three days of their steady gains, we wondered whether, af- ter all, the Hun would not succeed in breaking through. We knew that he could not win the war even if he did break through, for American troops were pouring into the country and taking their places in the lines with constantly increasing force; and yet we feared for the Allied morale if Hindenburg should ever reach Paris. Then came the news of the French and American counter- attack of the 1 8th. At Chateau-Thierry they had smashed the apex of the German salient, and on the sides toward Sois- sons and Rheims they were driving in like an immense pair of pincers threatening to cut off the Boche if he did not withdraw. Then came that tremendous thrust which hurled the Germans back, back, away from the Marne, away from Paris, and our men were wild with desire to eet into the real same. CHAPTER VI HEADED FOR THE UNKNOWN Toward the end of July came the word that we were presently to be shifted to a more active sector. There were rumors that our destination was to be Italy, where some Amer- ican troops were already being sent, but every one hoped with all his heart that it might be our lot to go into the thick of the fighting in France or Flanders. On the night of Thursday, August ist, our positions were taken over by a French battalion which, worn out with ter- rific battles in the north, had been sent to Baccarat for a rest. The infantry was relieved by the 37th American Division, and we were glad to know that we were not again to be sepa- rated from them. The 77th Division had begun to feel its unity, and although the different branches of the service had by no means perfected the art of cooperation, a certain esprit de corps was beginning to make itself felt, and we had no de- sire to have it interrupted. On this occasion we had our first experience of taking the regiment on the road at night. Most of the batteries got out of their position without any mishap, but Battery A, just as the drivers were hitching the horses to the guns, was startled by the sudden grinding of a Klaxon : the gas alarm ! "Gas !" shouted the officers. "Gas! gas!" yelled the men, as they struggled to get their masks on in the dark. Soon every one was masked. Then, "Put the masks on the horses!" ordered the Captain, and a wild scramble took place to get those queer-smelling bags out of the cases which hung under the horses' muzzles, and to slip them over the animals' noses and fasten the straps. It was Bedlam let loose. Nobody could see in the dark through his mask, and they all stumbled over each other and over the guns and barked their shins and fell into the gun pits, until Captain Lyman, lifting his nose clip and sniffing the air, discovered that there was no gas at all ! "Gas masks may be removed," he cried, taking off his own, and presently order was restored and the guns were moved out in peace. Battery A's little farce, however, was mild compared to the circus parade of that first night march. To begin with, 'Gas! Gas!' 8 9 the French artillery was moving in on the same road on which we were moving out. Our drivers had not yet learned to keep well to the right of the road, and the French are notorious for spreading themselves. One of our organizations would be held up for a moment, causing a break in the line, and in- stantly a French column would butt in and get us all tangled Wagons, piled high with boxes and bundles, got pushed off the road into the ditch. Horses stepped / over t h.e i r Men Beean to Fall Out seventy-five new stallions, which had been delivered to us two days before, squealed and pranced and backed all over the road, while the Frenchmen jabbered in their unknown tongue and our own drivers exhausted their vocabularies of profanity. Colonel Briggs, as usual, was everywhere at once. Riding 90 along the column he would see a traffic congestion, and would at once leap from his horse and dive into the midst of the tur- moil. His quick eye would soon diagnose the cause of the trouble, and his mind and hand never lacked for a remedy, and presently the mess would untangle itself and the column would proceed. Once he had just straightened out one driver's difficulty and was about to mount his horse when another, a few paces farther back, not knowing who he was but only see- ing that he was a friend in need, called out, "Hey, Buddie, come over and give me a hand, will you?" At length, after two or three hours of unutterable confusion, we got through the town of Baccarat and started on our way. The men who had to travel on foot soon showed their lack of training in the gentle art of hiking. Tender feet began to blister, and unused leg muscles became tied up with cramps. All along the roadside men began to fall out and sit down. There was a ten-minute rest after every fifty minutes of marching, and it was, of course, against orders to drop out without per- mission, but in the intense darkness it was impossible to keep track of everybody. The men, who believed that as members of a regiment of horse artillery they should either be mounted on wagons or on horseback, were shameless about it. They were tired, they were blistered, they were sore, and they didn't care who knew it! Eventually those who sat down joined in with other batteries as they came along, and some of them managed to beg rides on trucks or wagons, so that by the end of the hike the whole regiment was present. But it was a weary night. Shortly after sunrise a very tired and discour- aged crowd of soldiers dragged them- selves into a wood, and, after putting the horses on picket lines, sank down a Weary Night 91 to the ground without stopping to get out their blankets. By seven-thirty it had begun to rain, but few men had the energy to rouse themselves and put up shelter tents. They lay where they were, in the open, and let it rain. There was another night of marching, in which the order and discipline were much better ; but the hike was very exhausting and the hours dragged on interminably before there were any signs of the journey's end. Morning came at last, however, as we passed through Bayon and pulled into a splendid wood whose clean open fields seemed just meant for tents. More- over, there was a river nearby for watering the horses and for bathing. The news that we were to stay for several days was received with gratitude, and from Saturday, August 3rd, until Tuesday, the men really enjoyed themselves. There was work to be done, of course, but there were also leisure hours, especially on Sunday, and we basked in the sun and bathed in the river, and lay around taking it easy. Sunday morning many of the men walked to a nearby village to attend church, while others went to the Chaplain's service in the woods; and on Sunday afternoon, to our astonishment, a truck drove in and deposited a load of American mail. On Tuesday, August 6th, Colonel Briggs received orders to take his regiment to a place called Einvaux, where trains would be waiting to move the troops to their next destination. What that destination was he did not know: he was to start under sealed orders. That night we marched some twelve kilometers to Einvaux and entrained. This was a very different operation from what it had been at Bonneau, for the men knew now how to put their horses and wagons into the cars. There was little or no confusion, in spite of the fact that the work had to be done in the dark. Quietly and steadily they went about their business, and train after train was loaded and sent forth on its mysterious way. 92 I s HEADED FOR THE UNKNOWN Where were we bound ? No one knew. One thing only was sure: with the present state. of affairs at the front it was un- thinkable that our division, now fairly well schooled in the principles of warfare, should not be sent where fighting troops were nee< As the first train bowled along through the country, one man got out his compass Another Night of Marching to discover what general direction we were taking. All day long the train rumbled toward the west — toward Chateau- Thierry and the region where the fighting was thickest — and soon after dark we came to a station called La Ferte Gaucher, situated on one of the tributaries of the Marne River. There we detrained, and, marching northwest, reached a group of villages in the neighborhood of Rebais. Some in billets and some in the fields, the batteries found their stopping places, and inasmuch as Colonel Briggs' instructions did not carry him any farther, the regiment, with headquarters established at St. Leger, settled down and awaited developments. While we were in that region a new officer came to take com- mand of the 152nd Brigade. General Rees, who had com- manded us for more than six months, had been relieved just before we left Baccarat, and in his place came Colonel Manus 93 McCloskey. The latter had just led the 12th Field Artillery through the terrific fighting of the Allied counter-attack at Chateau-Thierry, where, as part of the 2nd Division, it had done splendid work, and it was in recognition of his able serv- ices that he had now been given a brigade and was to be made a brigadier-general. On Saturday, the 10th, there was a bustle of preparation throughout the regiment. The wagons were carefully re- packed, the rolling stock was all examined and put into good shape, such horses as needed it were shod, and finally the tents were struck, and the packs rolled. About sundown the various units came out on the roads and the long column started on its momentous march toward — toward what ? We were headed north, but just what that meant no one P& i '% J)\ I \Mll»il,R rV.'w Atj«.«, v i The Wagons Were Repacked 94 could fully grasp. We were coming to a jumping-off place where we must take a leap in the dark into something utterly unknown. There was a general feeling of curiosity and of sup- pressed elation. Big things lay ahead of us, and they loomed large in our imagination as we tried to compass with our minds the significance of this strange new venture. By this time the men had learned how to march. The column moved evenly along the right-hand side of the road, and the gaps which had been so evident on the first night hike were far less frequent. The feet of the unmounted men had become toughened, and their packs were better rolled and better ad- justed. The whole regiment was able now to be content with the ten-minute halts for rest, and to travel a considerable dis- tance without too great fatigue. It would hardly be true, however, to say that the men did not get tired. To start after one has been working all day, and ride a rough-gaited horse or drive a four-line team, or walk with a fifty-pound pack ©n one's back throughout the night, is quite enough to tire any normal man. The long waits which so often occur on the roads, when no one knows the reason for the delay nor how long it is to last, add an element of irritation which inevitably increases the drain on physical and nervous energy. It would seem as though the mounted men and drivers had by far the best of it, but when the end of the journey comes and the guns are parked and the wagons rolled into place, these men have to look after their horses and mules and put away the harness be- fore ever they can think of attending to their own needs and comforts. As a matter of fact, though We Were Headed North 95 each man is tempted at times to envy some one else's lot, there is no one who does not have his full share of drudgery and labor, and there is no one who is not tired out when the night's work is done. A Warm Sun Lured Many to the River The first stage of our journey toward the great unknown brought us in the intense dark of a cloudy night to a forest road on which, shut in by overhanging trees, the blackness could almost be felt. Groping their way about, the men finally got their horses tied up, and without waiting to put up tents, threw their blankets on the ground and fell asleep. Morning revealed the fact that we were in the grounds of a beautiful chateau on a hill overlooking the Marne River. Some of the officers had discovered the chateau the night before and had crept in and slept on sofas or on the soft carpets ; but most people were lying in the tall wet grass which grew in abun- dance all about the place. It was Sunday, and aside from the necessary work which must always be done, the day was spent as a day of rest. A warm August sun lured many to the river, where they took off their clothes and bathed and swam about. The 305th and 306th regiments were encamped near by, and 96 the stream was fairly alive with men. One can imagine the relief it brought to tired and dirty bodies to plunge into the cool water and then come out and sit in the sun. A great many lay down under the trees that afternoon and slept until word was passed around, "Everybody up! Roll your packs; we start right after supper." The march of the night of August nth was one that we shall never forget. Pulling out of the chateau grounds, we moved along parallel to the river for a while, and then turned to the left and went straight for the historic town of Chateau- Thierry. As we made our way along a wide avenue flanked with handsome dwellings and beautiful shade trees, it was hard to realize that we were actually in the place where the French and Americans had hurled their first terrific counter- attack across the Marne. Rut as we got farther into the city itself we could begin to see, in the darkness, the scars of battle. There were houses which had been wrecked by shell- fire ; there was a general atmosphere of disorder ; and there was a certain indefinable odor which we noticed there for the first time, and which came afterward to be associated in our minds with destruction and death. Arrived at the center of the town, we found ourselves on Crossing the Marne at Chateau-Thierry 97 the famous bank of the Marne. The old bridges had been de- stroyed, but a pontoon bridge had been constructed, and on this we crossed. Our progress through the city had been de- layed by a freight train which cut in between batteries as the column was passing the railroad and stood for a half hour di- rectly in the way. The result was that we were holding up the entire brigade on the road behind us, and Colonel Briggs was anxious to get over as fast as he could. He sat on his horse by the bridge head and urged every organization as it came along to make as great speed as possible. Some of the horses were frightened and balked, and one mule fell into the water, /hence it took considerable time and trouble to extricate him. But at last the regiment had passed over, and leaving the town 1W X we started up the hill on the northern bank. ^JV/CS^ Slowly We Plodded Our Way 98 As we reached the crest of the hill we looked to the north, and there, on the far horizon, was a continual play of what looked like heat lightning. We watched the flashes come and go, and gradually the significance of it dawned on us : we were looking toward the battle front, and the flashes were the flashes of guns and flares and rockets where at that very mo- ment good American troops were struggling with the Boche for mastery of the hills beyond the Vesle! Fascinated as we were by the sight, it was necessary to look sharp about us, for we were passing now over roads where recently the fighting had been intense, and there yawned be- neath our feet shell holes and mine craters which must be com- passed with great care by the guns and vehicles. Slowly we plodded on our way, through shattered villages and wasted fields which brought us from time to time that unmistakable odor of death. After toiling up a long and difficult hill over the roughest of country roads, we came at last to a clump of woods where the order was given to park our guns and pitch camp for the rest of the night. On waking up in the morning we found that we had been sleeping on a veritable battle field. In the thick underbrush about us were innumerable little pits, half covered with branches, where Boche machine guns had been planted to pour their deadly fire on the French and American troops as they advanced up the hill. One man found that the little mound . of earth he had used for a pillow was a grave. Nearby was another grave with no mound whatever over it, and the feet of the corpse were sticking out of the ground. Everywhere scattered over the hillside were the things which the Germans in their retreat and the Americans in their pursuit had thrown away to lighten their burdens in the furious running fight, — rifles and ammunition, blankets by the score, helmets, can- teens, cartridge belts, and every conceivable object the rid- dance of which might make for freer, faster movements. It 99 was a dismal place, and yet it had a morbid fascination for the men, and they spent hours rummaging through the woods and looking for traces of the battle. As we took the road about dusk that night we realized that we were coming close to the front, for in the gathering dark- ness the lightning in the sky to the north became more and more vivid, and we could from time to time hear the rumble of guns. Red flares blazed up and threw a lurid glow half-way across the heavens, and then died down again, leaving the sky black Ten Minute save for where that constant flicker of light showed where the battle was raging. Late in the evening we began to pass a stream of troops coming back from the front. They were a part of the 4th Division, which was being relieved by the 77th after several weeks of terrific fighting through the Chateau-Thierry drive. First came a regiment of engineers, stumbling along over the shell-torn road, grumbling as they went. "I don't know what ailed them," writes an officer in his diary, "but I never heard such a lot of growlers. . We all remarked it. Doubtless they were tired out. One man stopped right alongside my horse at a halt, leaned over and vomited. Then, in a matter-of- 100 fact, disgusted way, he exclaimed, 'God-damned gas !' and went on his way." After the engineers came the infantry. They Halts for Rest cursed us softly from time to time for being in the way, and for being mounted while they had to travel on foot. They overlooked the fact that at least half of our men were plodding along with packs like themselves. Especially were they irri- tated bv presence of a band. "Look!" they cried, one after another, as they passed. "These guys have got their band with 'em. You won't need any bands up there, Buddie — you'll get all the music you want !" But at our halts they stopped and chatted with the artillery, told them wondrous stories of their adventures with the Hun, and wished us joy. "Give 'em hell!" was the slogan all along the line. "Go to it! They'll need all the guns you've IOI got to blast those damned Bodies out of the hills across the Some time after midnight we passed through the skeleton- like ruins of Sergy, near Fere-en-Tardenois, which, as an im- Ajjiffi ^ ^f%& nwwirt. Klaxons Screamed the Alarm portant road center, had been one of the main objectives in the Allied drive. The streets were deserted save for an occasional M. P. on a corner, and the rattle of our wheels and the clatter of horses' hoofs on the pavement resounded with a ghostly racket which contrasted sharply with the deep rumble of the distant cannon. Bearing off to the east for a short distance, we turned sharply to the left and began a long, steady climb up into the Nesle Woods. Arrived at the top of the hill, the regiment halted while the foremost battery turned in from the road, bumped along under the trees for a while, and then unhitched their horses and prepared to camp. The other organizations fol- lowed in turn, and after considerable maneuvering among the stumps and ditches and holes, we were all settled for a sleep. We had hardly begun to doze when suddenly there was a terrific report which sounded very close, and at the same time an enormous white flare burst over the edge of the woods and floated down among the trees. A dozen Klaxons screamed the gas alarm. Every one was up in an instant, and the cry of "Gas! gas!" could be heard on all sides. Fumbling in the dark we pulled out our masks and put them on, and then there was a rush for the picket lines to get the horses protected. Hardly had this been done when Major Sanders's voice was heard above the din, "Gas masks may be removed!" Some of the battery commanders, before repeating the order to their men, despatched their gas sergeants to the Major's tent to find out what was up. "False alarm!" was the report. So we took off our masks and lay down again. Within a few minutes there came again the rasping of a Klaxon, and immediately every guard in the camp began to sound the alarm once more. This too was found to be false. Major Sanders, who was in command that night in the absence of the Colonel, gave orders to the officer of the guard that no alarm was to be sounded without an express command from the gas officer, Lieutenant Keller. But fear of this dreaded device of the Hun overcame even the Major's orders, and within an hour one of the guards, hearing a gas alarm way down in the valley, thought it his duty to warn the camp first and get his authority afterward, and turning to the tree where his Klaxon was mounted, he seized the handle and ground away for dear life. By this time every one was exasperated, and yet no one was quite sure that it might not be a real alarm, so for the third time the whole camp was roused. "Put that man under arrest!" shouted the Major. "Officer of the guard, arrest that man ! There is no gas whatever in these woods!" Then at length the alarms were at an end. The men lay 103 down again, and this time they slept soundly until the sun was well up in the heaven. When we looked about us in the morning, we found that we were near the edge of the woods on the crest of a hill. Be- low us in the valley lay the little village of Mareuil-en-Dole, through which ran the main road from Fere-en-Tardenois to Fismes. All about us among the trees were shallow trenches which had been used by the infantry when the battle passed that way. Machine gun emplacements were also numerous, and there were a few rude shacks which had once been used by the Germans for officers' quarters and as stables for their horses. The smell which we had noticed all along the way from the Marne was here overpowering. We had been nause- ated by it the previous night when we moved in, and when day came the cause was not far to seek : within a few yards of us were a number of dead horses. Indeed, the whole countryside was littered with them, and although our men were immediately started on the happy task of giving them decent burial, the stench they made had permeated the ground and the air, and during our whole stay in the sector it was part and parcel of the atmosphere we breathed. Along with the dead horses must be mentioned the flies. France is not noted for its good sanitation even in peace times; and dur- ing the war towns and villages abounded in filth where flies throve and multiplied. Added to the swarms which came from such places were myriads breeding wher- ever troops had lived or battles had been fought, Eating- Was Never a Pleasure 104 and in the Vesle sector they were so thick as to be almost un- bearable. Even with the best of food, eating was never a pleasure. The worst little railroad restaurant in America is a paradise of cleanliness* so far as flies are concerned, compared with mess time in those woods. Not until night fell was there any peace ; and even in the dark the slightest touch on the under side of the shelter tent brought down a buzzing shower of flies. After our experience with the flare on the previous night, and with the sound of aerial bombs which had seemed so close at hand, we wondered whether we were not by this time nearly to the front. At first we were told that we should probably make one more move forward, but the following day the Colonel brought us word that, for the present, the Nesle Woods was to be our echelon, and that the batteries would go into position immediately. On August 15th, shortly after supper, B Bat- tery's guns were on their way. and before the night was over, all the firing batteries had taken over the positions of their predecessors. The long-expected day had arrived: at last we were on the real firing 1 line ! 105 iFispp^jjaaKon SPffffH CHAPTER VII ON THE VESLE FRONT: FERME DES DAMES In order to appreciate the events of the next few weeks, one must understand the situation which prevailed when the 77th Division moved into the sector. In the early part of the summer, the Germans, starting north of the Aisne River, had made a terrific drive into the Allied lines between Soissons and Rheims. With seemingly irresistible force, they drove toward Paris a wedge, the apex of which rested on the Marne River at Chateau-Thierry. On July 18th, the French, finding themselves attacked again in this vital spot, called on General Pershing for help, and, reenforced by a few American divi- sions, they hurled themselves on the front and flanks of the German salient, carried the Germans off their feet, and rushed them back from the Marne and across the territory they had previously taken. On August 4th they made a stand on the Vesle. For a while the lines were not stabilized, but in gen- eral, the front between Soissons and Rheims followed the course of the Vesle River. The sector we were to occupy had been held by the 4th Amer- ican Division. They had driven the Germans across the river at Bazoches while they themselves occupied the little town of St. Thibault on the south bank. Repeated attempts to get 106 across and take Bazoches had failed, because the Germans were not only in the town itself, but were strongly intrenched on the high hills beyond. There they had massed machine guns and artillery which completely controlled the river valley. Chery-Chartreuve At this time the fighting had been what is known as "open warfare," as opposed to "position" or "trench warfare." That is, the armies had been working through open country, and without stopping to construct any permanent infantry trenches or gun emplacements, had moved rapidly, taking advantage of such natural protection as was available to cover their maneuvers. When we moved into the sector, therefore, we found that, while the fighting had practically settled down into position warfare, we were expected to take over gun positions which were never intended to be anything but temporary. They were right out in the open (with the exception of Battery A's, which was in the edge of a wood), with no protection from shellfire except the flimsiest sort of dugouts, and no screening from aerial observation except camouflage nets on poles, which formed a sort of transparent tent over each emplacement. Thev were in full view from a half-dozen balloons which hov- ered above the German lines, and every man who approached 107 must have been plainly visible to the vigilant Huns. As soon as Colonel Briggs had looked over the ground with his battalion commanders, he asked to be allowed to select new positions for his guns; but for some reason it was denied him, and he was told to take for the time being the crude emplacements which our predecessors were turning over to us. Roughly speaking, our field of activity was a hillside, with woods on the west and along the crest at the north, the main road from Mareuil-en-Dole to Chery-Chartreuve at its base on the south, and the village of Chery-Chartreuve on the east. Well up the slope and right out in the open stood the Ferme des Dames, where the infantry regiment we were to support had its headquarters; and ranged about to the east and north lay our battery positions. E and F were close together, be- tween the farm and Chery-Chartreuve; D was a little farther north; B and C in front of the farm and just south of the edge of the woods along the crest of the hill, while A was in a point of woods which jutted out from the west. Major Devereux had his P. C. in a ravine behind his batteries, close by a battery of the 306th F. A.'s howitzers; and Major Sanders installed himself in a dugout in the woods behind Battery A. A few days were spent in improving the gun pits and dig- ging trenches and dugouts, for protec- tion, establishing observation posts and resristerins: the r^-jJKT^ guns on certain targets across the Vesle. There was little or no shelling by the enemy, but his airplanes were overhead nearly all the 108 J3£^M Ferme des Damesi time. They met with no opposition — we never did discover where the Allied planes kept themselves on this front — and the Boche aviators swooped low over our guns, took photographs, studied our movements, and made a thorough survey of the situation which boded ill for the security of our men. The bat- tery commanders knew that it was just a question of time be- fore the German artillery would cut loose. On the morning of August 19th, B Battery's cannoneers were at their kitchen in the woods west of the guns, when the first shock of real war was driven home. Without any pre- liminaries, a shell crashed into the midst of the group, and three men were struck — Corporal McCourt, and Privates Anderson and Houseman. They were given first-aid treat- ment by Private Prior of the Medical Detachment, and carried to the nearest surgeon. On the way to the dressing station, more shells began to fall, and Prior and Stewart, who were carrying Houseman, were both wounded. Houseman did* not live to reach the ambulance station, and Anderson died on the way to the field hospital — the first men to have their names go on our honor roll. The next morning, August 20th, it was C's turn. About nine o'clock several batteries of German artillery opened a concentrated fire on both B's and C's positions. The men all took refuge in dugouts or dodged into the woods, but suddenly the fire shifted from the gun emplacements right into the woods where a number of Battery C men, including Lieutenant Dodge, were located. As shell after shell whizzed and banged about them, they all jumped into little two-man "rabbit holes." Mechanics Angrisano and McConville were together in one hole, when Corporal Frey, who found he had not time to reach his own place, jumped in with them. Immediately there was a terrific explosion — a shell had plunged right in on top of them. All three were instantly killed. As soon as there was a lull Lieutenant Dodge, himself wounded in the chest, ordered 109 the men to scatter, while he walked down to the aid station to have his wound dressed. The battery never returned to that position. A detail went up that afternoon with Captain Bacon and the Chaplain to bury the dead, and that night the horses were brought^ up and the guns hauled out and taken over the hill to a new position in the woods on the forward slope. Battery B, too, moved away and found a better place considerably to the left. Lieutenant Gannon, on two succes- sive nights, returned with a single piece and fired from the old position — a task which required nerve on the part of the Lieutenant and his men. Aside from that, the place was de- serted. The camouflage nets were left so as not to show that the guns had departed, and for days a rain of shells was poured on them every few hours, until there was little to be seen but wreckage. The First Battalion headquarters came in for its full share of shelling, although there were no casualties. Directly be- hind Major Sanders's dugout was a battery of huge 155mm. rifles, and just in front of him was Battery C of the 306th F. A. with their howitzers. The Germans shelled both of these batteries consistently, and our men got the fringes of the fire. Shell fragments whistled through the trees and brought down showers of twigs and leaves, and at least one man, Private Hicks, was knocked down by an explosion close behind him. To add to the confusion, every time the great 155's, which towered up in the rear, let out their deep-throated roar, the concussion extinguished the candles in the major's dugout. Meanwhile the Second Battalion was having its troublous times. The ravine where Major Devereux's P. C. was located, was a center of attraction for the German artillery. Day after day and night after night they would begin at the lower end, where the 3o6th's howitzers stood, and sweep up the ravine with high explosives which drove everybody into what- ever underground protection was to be found. Particularly no THE VALLEY OF THE VESLE -t— * y r^* r disagreeable were the gas attacks every evening at supper time, which interrupted the meal and spoiled all the food. The batteries of this battalion, being farther out in the open than any of the others, trf'-^r were subjected to terrific fire, and the men were at a disadvantage in not having any woods at hand to which they could scatter. Moreover, the Out in the Open constant vigilance of the balloons and airplanes made it very difficult to get food to the cannoneers by day, while the hellish shellfire which swept the hillside every night made it extremely dangerous to carry anything to them after dark. Ammunition, of course, had to be brought, and Battery D's first casualties were four drivers, Yannini, Bryant, Claviter and Kalf, all of whom were caught under fire while bringing shells to the bat- tery. With several other men they had ducked under a fallen airplane for protection, when a shell struck the plane and ex- ploded the gasoline tank with terrible results : Yannini and Bryant died within a few hours ; Claviter, wounded in the hand, recovered eventually, but Kalf died in hospital. Sergeant Walters, of Battery F, who was with them, was killed in- stantly. While ammunition must be delivered no matter what the cost, food simply could not be brought in bulk to the gun posi- tions. The cannoneers had to watch their chances and sneak off to the kitchens in the woods, a few at a time, to get a hot meal and to carry back what hard tack and canned meat they could against the time when they should be unable to get away at all. Many a day they went hungry, and many an anxious hour did the battery commanders spend trying to de- vise ways and means of getting them fed. Each battery in turn had its baptism of fire, and then a re- iii baptism often repeated. One day no less than five successive times did the Germans concentrate a fire of gas and high ex- plosive on D Battery. For two of these attacks the men stuck to their posts, but during the other three they had to leave. Yet, save for the drivers before mentioned, this battery suffered no real casualties until September 3rd, when Sergeant Wein- hauer, in charge of an isolated forward gun, earned a citation for bravery. While he was firing on a German target, the Boche discovered his position and began to shell it. The enemy fire became so hot that the Sergeant ordered his men to scatter. Lying alongside the gun were some shells which had been fused, ready for firing. It is against orders to leave such shells about because they are liable to explode, and Weinhauer knew that to leave them there would endanger the gun. So, while his men obeyed orders and rushed for safety, this section chief remained behind alone to unfuse the shells. Disregarding his own danger, he performed his task; but as he turned to go a German shell burst at his feet, shattering' both his legs. He was taken to a dressing station and from there sent to a hos- pital, but finally succumbed before ever he knew that his valor , .*■ had won him a place in the nation's list of heroes. Already F. Battery had lost two men by shellfire — Sergeant Walters, killed with Battery D's drivers, and Pri- vate Moserowitz, who was felled by a shell explosion on a road near the guns — but worse fortune was to be- A Shell Struck the Airplane fall them. There 112 had just been a reorganization of the officers, due to the fact that Lieutenants Pfaelzer, Washburn and Watson, together with numerous other officers, had been taken away from the regi- Our Men Got the Fringes of the Fire ment and sent back to the States to help organize and instruct new artillery organizations. Lieutenant Tweedy had been sent to help Captain Ewell, who was now alone with his firing battery. That very night, while the crew of the first piece was preparing to shoot some harassing fire on a road within the German lines, the customary evening callers began to drop in. The cannoneers were at their posts: they were all so accustomed to shelling by this time that they paid no par- ticular attention to the Pfzzzz-z-z-BANG! of one burst after another which plowed up the ground and threw chunks of earth all about them. The gunner, LeToile, was adjusting the sight, and Lieutenant Tweedy was leaning over his shoulder making ii3 some suggestion; Hill and Robbins were standing at the trail, while Fatseas was stooping over to screw the fuse into a shell. Suddenly, with a roar that shook the whole battery, a German projectile tore through the camouflage net and burst right in the gun pit. Lieutenant Tweedy, his head covered with blood and his leg bruised so that he could hardly stand, struggled to his feet. Before him lay, Robbins, Hill and Fatseas, dead at their posts. Corporal Smith, blinded, for the time being, by a fragment that struck his eye, was groping his way about, and LeToile too was in need of surgical aid. Meantime the shelling continued, and it was difficult work to get the wounded down to a dressing station. Lieutenant Tweedy, who ap- peared to be the most seriously hurt, insisted that he was all right and for a while refused to let them carry him on a stretcher. The task was finally accomplished, however, with- out any further mishap, and then Captain Ewell ordered his men to evacuate the position. Next morning Lieutenant Nor- ris and the Chaplain went back with a detail, and the three men who had lost their lives were buried where they fell. Eleven graves scattered about that hillside will make the Ferme des Dames forever a hallowed place for the men of the 304th F. A. A curious part of this incident at F Battery was what hap- pened to the gun. The explosion which killed the cannoneers whirled the gun right out of its pit, and dumped it on the left of the emplacement, facing at a right angle to its original posi- tion, but right side up and absolutely unscathed. It seems in- credible that a projectile containing high explosive of such tremendous power could burst so close at hand, hurl a heavy gun out of its place, and still not injure the mechanism, yet such queer occurrences are not infrequent. The Chaplain can testify to that out of his own experience. One Sunday afternoon, as he was riding through the woods on the forward slope of the hill, returning from a service at 114 Battery C's new position, the Germans began to sweep the edge of the woods with "H. E." Inasmuch as the shots were not falling on the road, he continued on his way; but suddenly the Boche shifted their fire to the road, and before the Chaplain knew what was happening, a shell burst right beside his horse. He felt the hot blast in his face, and a shower of dust, and then found himself on all fours in the middle of the road, while the horse trotted back down the hill. Although the shell had struck within a few feet and had blown him out of the saddle, neither horse nor rider was scratched. Such miracles were happening every day. Not the least of the miracles was that, during all this time, Battery A in the woods, and Battery E in its more exposed position had had no casualties whatever. That this was not due to any lack of shelling is evident from the following extracts chosen almost at random from the diary of one of the cannoneers : Tuesday, August 20th: With two aeroplanes to observe for them the Germans opened fire on us and continued, on and off, all day. In the morning under fire digging officers' dugout. Lieutenant MacDougall called for volunteers to return fire under direct aerial observation, and all promptly volunteered. A rapid fire quieted the Hun for a while. Under cover of darkness, Brown, Corbett, myself and a de- tail were sent for some logs in the woods and ran into heavy fire. At 1 1 o'clock we com- menced firing at the Huns. At about 2 a. m. we were gassed and had to work with masks on. . . . -, » — r «' =£!_ J- * S^^ The Shell Had Blown Him Out of the Saddle US Brown had a shell knocked out of his hand by a flying fragment. Thursday, August 22nd: About 7 a. m. Fritzy fired on the road to our left and certainly made some perfect hits. The old planes began to fly about and hell was loose again. . . . Tuesday, August 27th: At 4:12 a. m. we opened a rolling barrage of shrapnel. . . . After 79 rounds of this a normal barrage was called; 131 rounds of this was fired with shells flying overhead. Their firing became so heavy that we were compelled to leave the position. After fifteen minutes we re- turned and cleaned up. . . . About 6 p. m. was sent to new positions after Corporal Morrissey and his digging detail. Was almost hit by a German shell. Returned to gun, counted out enough shells for a normal barrage and fell asleep for a while. A very tough night for Brown, Clark, Potter and myself, all having chills, fever and diarrhea. After that strenuous day described by the writer, E's can- noneers were routed out at 3 140 a. m. to fire a barrage, and it was that morning, during the firing, that their first loss oc- curred. Every artilleryman who uses the French 75 knows that, when firing certain kinds of ammunition, the gun is liable to explode at any time. Every 75 cannoneer knows that, whenever a high explosive shell fitted with an "I. A. L." fuse is slammed into the breech, the pull of the lanyard may mean death for any or all of the crew. It was with full knowledge of this that Sergeant Buehl was standing by his piece during that barrage on August 28th. Number Two shoved a shell into the gun; Number One closed the breech and reached for the lanyard; Sergeant Buehl, with an eye on his watch to see that each shot went at the proper moment, said, "Fire !" The next instant the gun was a wreck, and the cannoneers were standing over the body of their Section Chief. It was no one's fault : it is a part of the game. Adolph Buehl, and every other man who has been killed by his own gun in action, is far 116 FIGHTS IX THE AIR more a hero, just because he knows the danger and disregards it, than many a soldier who is killed by a shot from the enemy. Mention has already been made of the German supremacy in the air on this front. Many of our casualties were due directly to the fact that the Boche planes were able to come over any time they wished and adjust the fire of their artillery. Not only did scout planes hover over our lines and battery positions and locate the vulnerable points, with never an Allied plane to drive them away, but time and again battle planes swooped down from the skies and attacked the American observation balloons, forcing the observers to take to their parachutes and often destroying the balloons. Sometimes Allied planes would come out and give chase, but they never, so far as we could discover, brought down the enemy. On one occasion a Boche plane appeared high in air when there were several Allied planes jetygi^ tg^ss^ «w*'*m about. Disregarding the anti-aircraft guns which threw a barrage of shrap- nel all around him, and the Allied planes which pursued, the German avi ator made a sudden di for a balloon. Like thunderbolt he droppec head on, as if the machine were out of his control, while thousands of sol- diers looked on cheering. Then, with a sudden swoop, he shot out past the balloon, poured a rain of machine gun bullets into it, and sped off. The mm* hi, n^L^S^bM^ Changed Their Positions for Better Safe- Guarding of Both Men and Guns 117 balloon burst into flames, and as it sank slowly to the ground, the Boche, with several Allied planes at his heels, made straight for another balloon, destroyed it as he had the first, and with incredible skill and daring escaped from his pursuers and dis- appeared toward the German lines. But while our batteries were suffering casualties and being obliged, one by one, to change their positions for better safe- guarding of both men and guns, they were also getting in some effective work on the German infantry lines and machine gun positions across the river. The barrage in which Buehl was killed was fired in support of an assault our own infantry were making on Bazoches. The town was not taken, but both the artillery preparation which preceded the attack and the bar- rage which swept along in front of the advancing infantry were pronounced decidedly well executed. On one occasion the French division on our left was planning a raid, and their commanding officer requested our help in silencing certain enemy machine guns which threatened the success of the opera- tion. The First Battalion was given the job, and when the time came they gave the best that they had in support of their French neighbors. The next day Colonel Briggs received the following note from our Brigade Commander, General Mc- Closkey : "Headquarters, 152nd Brigade F. A. A. E. F. August - — — , 1918. "My dear Briggs: "The French Colonel who conducted the operation last even- . ing was delighted with your fire because not a single machine gun was in action from the place on which your fire was directed. "Sincerely, "McCloskey." Colonel Briggs had copies of the note made and sent them to every battery that had taken part in the firing, and it was 118 an immense source of satisfaction to the men, not only to realize that their heavy labors were counting for something, but to be assured that they were developing real skill, and that officers higher up were recognizing the fact. While the men at the guns were thus engaged, those in the stations far- ther back were busy at their own tasks. Regi- mental headquarters was in the Montaigne Farm, on the opposite slope di- rectly facing the Ferme des Dames, — a great group of white buildings in the midst of a green landscape, plainly visible every enemy balloon. Why was never shelled, no one will ever know. The strictest discipline was maintained in regard to going in and out when airplanes were in sight, and every possible precaution was taken to make the place appear deserted; but with the frequent visitors from out- side who did not understand the principles of concealment, and with the unavoidable activity connected with such an office, it is inconceivable that the Germans should have been fooled into thinking the farm was unoccupied. Nevertheless, the fact re- mains that, while the Boche occasionally dropped his shells very close, he never appeared even to try to hit the farm, and the headquarters staff had a comparatively peaceful time. The Headquarters Company echelon was in the woods be- hind the Montaigne farm, where they could furnish horses or messengers or special details of men as they might be needed 119 And Buried the Dead Ones by the regimental commander. Here life was decidedly peace- ful. It was within easy range of the German guns, to be sure, but apparently there were not enough troops in the wood to make it worth while to waste ammunition on them. The band, armed with grooming kits and picks and shovels, cared for the live horses and buried the dead ones, which our predecessors had scattered over the landscape. "The Dead Horse Brigade" these musicians called themselves, and they used to sing, as they went forth to their cheerless task, to the tune of Chopin's Funeral March, We are the men of the Dead Horse Brigade, We are the men of the Dead Horse Brigade, Glory hallelujah, Glory hallelujah! We are the men of the Dead Horse Brigade. Singing became a real feature of the Company's life. Five or six men with an ear for harmony used to make the long - ^ evenings tuneful, and they formed the nucleus for the regimental Glee Club _ hich, after the armistice, helped so much in the entertainment- of our ^ own and other troops. It was an interesting study in contrasts to lie in one's tent at night and listen to the boom of cannon yonder on the opposite hill, while the ~b strains of "O Sole Mio," ^ ' sung by Private Trepani, ) drifted out from the woods where the men were grouped, or Stange's "Mess-Kit Rag" brought chuckles from every funk- hole. The main echelon was back in 120 Through the Wicked Shell-Fire the Nesle Woods, where the regiment spent the first night after its arrival in the sector. Except for an occasional bombing raid on the division headquarters, which was in a nearby cha- teau, and one or two false gas alarms, the nights were peaceful and the days uneventful. There the horses and wagons were kept, and there lived those men who were not on actual duty with the firing batteries or headquarters details. Thither the cannoneers were sent when tired or sick, that they might have more sleep and better food. The place itself was quiet and restful, but it must not be imagined that the men who lived there did not have their share of the dangers of work at the front. Every night drivers from the batteries had to hitch up their horses and take ra- tions and ammunition over roads that were being shelled, and find their way through the impenetrable darkness of the woods ; or drive to the firing batteries and haul the guns to new posi- tions. Every night the wagoners and truck drivers from the Supply Company had to take out their big vehicles and run their chances of being ditched in shell holes or caught under fire at some cross road. It was hazardous work, but the men had nerve, and they were being directed by two officers, in par- ticular, whom they admired and trusted — Lieutenant Murphy, who had immediate charge of the supplies, and Lieutenant Bruns, who looked after the ammunition. Many a night, when there was a particularly difficult haul to make, Lieutenant Murphy went out himself with the wagons, piloted them through the wicked shellfire on the cross roads at Chery-Char- treuve, directed the unloading and brought them safely back. Time after time Lieutenant Bruns, routed out of his tent at midnight by a telephone call for more shells, would mount his horse, ride back to the echelon, take the wagons out to some ammunition dump, have them loaded, guide them through woods filled with gas to the battery dumps, deliver what he had bought, and then, after starting his convoy on the home- 121 ward road, would come back to his tent and crawl into bed for a little sleep before breakfast time. The men would not only follow either of these officers anywhere, but would go for them anywhere, willingly; and often one or two teams would make these dangerous trips at night without guides to places they had never seen before. No driver, whether in a battery or in the Supply Company, had either a safe or an easy life. Sundays were no different from other days, except for the services held by the Chaplain. It was not always possible for him to visit every battery, and sometimes when he arrived, fir- ing by our own or the enemy's guns made any gatherings im- possible, but usually he managed to cover on his rounds most of the regiment. There would be services at many of the gun positions during the day and another in the evening at the echelon. The response on the part of both officers and men was genuine. Arrived at a battery position, the Chaplain would go to the P. C. "How about a service to-day?" "Is to-day Sunday? Fine!" would be the usual response. And then, provided there was a lull in the firing, the Captain would say, "Sergeant, tell the men the Chaplain is here for a service. They can stop all work. Just leave a guard on the guns." Then men would gather — sometimes ten, sometimes thirty — and sitting on the ground in the woods, or even under the camouflage nets or in a gun pit, they would listen attentively to the Scripture readings and the Chaplain's brief talk, and enter reverently into the prayers. Occasionally the services were interrupted. One Sunday at Battery A's first position, about twenty men, including Captain Lyman, were sitting before a communion table — an empty box covered with a white tablecloth, on which stood the silver plate 122 and cup. Suddenly, in the midst of the service, a shell whistled overhead and burst in the woods behind. Then came another and another, and still others, shrieking and banging and mak- ing such a racket that the Chaplain could hardly make him- self heard. Presently one landed rather close, and splinters crackled through the leaves overhead. The Chaplain stopped for a moment and spoke to Captain Lyman. "If you think it better not to keep the men together," he said, "don't hesitate to interrupt." "They seem to be going over us," replied the Captain. "Go on. I'll tell you if I think it is getting too hot." The Chaplain proceeded for a few moments, but then there came a terrific crash, and a chunk of , .J'tM steel, glancing from a tree, dropped beside the communion ta- ble. The Chaplain looked at Cap- tain Lyman, who said, "I guess it isn't very safe here. Suppose we move further up the hill." The men got up quietly and walked a couple of hundred meters through the. woods. There they met a group of cannoneers on their way to re- lieve some tired gun crews. These were invited to join in the serv- ice, and, thus augmented, the A Shell Whistled Overhead and Burst in the Woods I23 little congregation sat down again and the service proceeded. In these meetings Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and men who professed no religious faith whatever participated. Common work and common danger broke down barriers and created a spiritual bond in which denominational differences were for- gotten. Whatever their creed, men learned that they could worship God together and find the strength and peace which they needed in those days of toil and hardship. Of course the Catholics craved the ministrations of one of their own priests, and efforts were made to provide them with opportunities for going to confession and to mass. This was comparatively easy in the echelon, but rather difficult at the gun positions. At least once on the Vesle front, however, a Catholic Chaplain named Ronan, who was attached for a while to division head- quarters,- gave us two whole days, during which, piloted by Chaplain Howard, he visited every gun crew and heard con- fessions, and at one battery, with his altar set up on the tail of a ration cart, he said mass in the woods. One of the principal factors in the splendid spirit of the men was the leadership of Colonel Briggs. Tireless, eager, enthusiastic, his personality dominated the regiment. Those who worked closest to him and saw him every day — his adjutant, the operations officer, the sergeant-major, the chauf- feur who drove his car, the orderly who looked after his personal needs and took care of his horse — these knew best what a remarkable combination he was of driving energy and good humored kindliness, of stern justice and sympathetic ap- preciation. But his influence reached out far beyond those who ordinarily come in contact with a regimental commander. Officers and men of all ranks found in him a personal leader and friend. He would appear, a'lone and unattended, in the most unexpected places: at the gun positions, at the echelon, in the woods, on the roads, in a telephone dugout or an observation post. And always he had a word for whom- 124 ever he met, be it a battery commander or a buck private. Sergeant-Major Zeller, of the Second Battalion, tells of meeting him in the woods one day when he was out looking for a -possible water supply for a new P. C. "What are you doing up here?" asked the Colonel. The sergeant-major explained his mission, and added that he had found a spring. Colonel Briggs looked at him intently for a moment, and then said, with a smile, "A spring would come in handy for a clean-up and a shave, wouldn't it?" Zeller remembered that he had not shaved for nearly a week. Seeing his confusion, the Colonel felt of his own face and said, "Sometimes I don't get a chance myself to shave for two or three days at a time." This kind of instinctive courtesy put men at ease in their intercourse with him, and it fostered a sense of comrade- ship between the soldiers and their regimental com- mander. The of- ficers felt it too. A lieutenant, had just had very narrow capes under was standing morning in headquarters fice, and the colonel was " "^ certain asking him about what had happened. Lieutenants Lillibridge and Graham 125 "I think they're after me, Colonel," he said with a laugh. Colonel Briggs laughed too ; but suddenly, as the real signifi- cance of it dawned on him, he laid his hand on the officer's shoulder and said earnestly, "I hope they won't get you!" One can readily understand with what mingled feelings of pride and disappointment the regiment received the news, on August 25th, that Colonel Briggs had been promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. His own feeling is best expressed by what he said, two months' later, to the Regimental Associa- tion in New York: "When I received my promotion I was pleased, of course. It came as a surprise to me, and I had only to thank the regi- ment for it. It was their work which brought it to me. I wanted to stick with it and to stay with it. But the promotion meant that I had to go elsewhere. Nevertheless, I did hang on even longer than the law permitted. I stayed with them almost ten days. . . . "I have been in the service for twenty years, but the enthu- siasm in that regiment is wonderful. It seems as if I never could stop thinking about it. . . . "I never had to give an order about anything. All I had to do was to express a wish, a desire, and the first thing I knew it would be attended to. "... I say 'my regiment' ; it is 119 longer mine, and I have no right to talk that way. But it was mine once, and I shall always think of it as mine, because I enjoyed it so much, and became so fond of the men in it." 126 RSI B v^S W*9i KSr yfw\p^ .-■■ : "f«B f0£ SlS mtMUm 1 mLj ^j jMi&s CHAPTER VIII ACROSS THE VESLE : VAUXCERE All this time the 153rd Infantry Brigade, which we were supporting, had been trying to cross the river and obtain a foothold in Bazoches. Every attempt had failed, because of the superior position of the German forces and the extreme skill with which they used their artillery and machine guns. It became evident that no frontal attack either in the 77th Divi- sion's sector or in that of the 28th on our right could succeed. Our only hope for an advance was that continued pressure by General Mangin's French army on our left around Soissons would force a retirement all along the line. Every day we could hear the French guns thundering, sometimes in terrific barrages which lasted for hours, and little by little news began to reach us that they were slowly forcing the Germans back. Toward the end of August it became apparent that the Huns would be obliged to straighten their front and that retirement across the Vesle was imminent. General Alexander, in com- mand of our division, began preparations for taking his troops forward. Vigilance in every observation post was doubled, and although actual troop movements were never seen until the very last day, great fires were visible behind the German lines, and we knew that the enemy was preparing to with- draw. 127 On September 4th came the order to advance, and the next evening our regiment, following a course parallel to the 305th on our right, moved forward over the hill and down into the valley of the Vesle. There was a thrill of excitement about the fact that we were now actually in pursuit of the retreating enemy, but there proved to be little romance about it. It meant the labor- ious work of breaking camp, packing and moving the wag- ons, bringing horses and lim- bers out to the firing batteries and hauling the guns from their emplacements, and finally, for most of the men, trudging along an up-hill road under full packs in a drizzling rain. The Germans had destroyed the bridges across the river, and while the infantry got over on a hastily con- structed foot bridge, the artillery had to wait for the engineers to build something a little more substantial. Accordingly we halted south of St. Thibault, and after . considerable stumbling and crashing about in the pitch dark in a wood which no one had had a chance to reconnoiter, the horses were tied up and the men stretched themselves on the ground for a little sleep. Next morning, while the engineers were laboring with the bridge and the 128 3^ Vigilance Was Doubled Great Fires Were Visible road, we got a glimpse of what our infantry had been experi- encing. St. Thibault was in ruins, and in among the debris of fallen buildings were the dugouts and shelters where the doughboys had lived. The road leading into the town was in full view of what had been the enemy po- sitions on the hills across the river. There were open spaces in the streets on which Boche machine guns had played a murderous rain of bullets every time a soldier had showed himself. In the field that sloped down from the village to the river lay a great many American dead, killed in some of the early attacks. They had lain in No-Man' s- Land for several weeks, because no one had been able to reach them. At length the bridge was finished, and we crossed over to Bazoches. There we had an opportunity to observe some of the results of our own fire. The town was reduced to a heap of crumbled stone, largely by the powerful shells from the howitzers of our neighbors, the 306th F. A. On the hill be- hind the town were innumerable machine gun nests. These had been our special targets, and there was a grim satisfaction in seeing how the ground around them was pockmarked with shell holes. In one abandoned nest sprawled four dead Huns : a silent testimony to the accurate shooting of one of our guns. Meanwhile the Germans, closely followed by our infantry, had covered the ground between the Vesle and the Aisne, and, leaving a thin line of resistance along the bank of the latter river, had taken up strong defensive positions on the high hills beyond where lies the famous Chemin des Dames. (The 129 French had lost hundreds of thousands of men in this same spot in 191 5.) With their artillery mounted on the almost im- pregnable height, the Boche now controlled the whole valley be- low them. The American infantry advanced to the forward slope of the hill south of the river, facing the enemy, and the artillery's task was to go into position on the rear slope whence their fire could be directed over the heads of the infantry to the Ger- man lines along the Aisne and on the hills beyond. Once more the enemy had us at a disadvantage, for he was fighting a defensive battle from carefully prepared positions, while we were attempting offensive warfare in territory of which he, having just moved out, knew every inch of the ground, and would be able in a short time to locate our every battery. As we moved forward through Bazoches, the regimental What Was Left of the Village of Perles 130 The Church in Perles headquarters and the First Battalion swung to the left and reached Vauxcere, while the Second Battalion took the right hand road to Perles. These two villages lay on a plateau which had no woods and hardly any trees where guns could be hid. Little hollows in the open fields, and some old Ger- man gun pits (which faced the wrong way, 'rfjj of course) were the only positions at first available. Captain Lyman did manage to find a grove for Battery A, considerably to the rear, but far enough ad- vanced to enable him to fire effectively. Captain Doyle and Captain Bacon took their batteries right to the crest of the-hill, with no cover except camouflage nets which were spread over the hastily dug gun pits. D and E went into what had been German emplacements, the former in a sunken road, the latter in the side of a bank that was honeycombed with abandoned Boche dugouts. Major Devereux with his battalion head- quarters and Captain Ewell with Battery F found a ravine just outside what was left of the village of Perles. Vauxcere was built on a very steep slope, and just below the crest, on the side away from the Germans, were a number of caves. Into one of these General Briggs moved the regi- mental P. C. Outside the cave was a courtyard, and into the buildings which formed it went the kitchen and the clerks' office and a horse or two. Captain Doyle and Captain Bacon also used caves, both as P. C.'s and as sleeping quarters for those cannoneers not actually on duty at the guns. Major Sanders moved into a house on the main street of the town. The place was full of troops. Besides our own, there was L3i Perles one battery of the 306th, their heavy guns perched on the hill immediately over our headquarters cave, so that every time they fired the whole place rocked. Then there were infantry and -^Vi _ engineers a-plenty, not to mention Gen- eral Wittenmeyer with his brigade headquarters. The enemy soon discovered how pop- ulous the town was, and he systemati- cally shelled it every afternoon. Those who were in caves could afford to laugh at the explosions they heard, but any one who happened to be on the streets or in one of the houses was likely to have a lively time of it. Major Sanders and his adjutant, Captain Perrin, in their first-floor rooms used to have tea about four o'clock each day, and invariably the shells loegan to fall just at tea time; but although the blinds often rattled and occasionally neighboring houses caved in, no shell •ever succeeded in breaking up one of the Major's tea parties. Not only the town, but the whole hill top was subjected to a deadly harassing fire every day. The night Battery C moved into position, just as the third gun had left the road and was being hauled around to the place prepared for it, a shell burst right beside the lead team. The driver, Owen Pierson, and both his horses were killed outright, while on the swing team, just behind, Private Gaughn was mortally wounded and both horses were killed. The wheel driver, Akvick by name, dis- played remarkable courage and presence of mind. Although the shell which had played such havoc had struck right in front 132 Went to the Aid of His Fallen Comrades of him, and others were falling all about, he went to the aid of his fallen comrades, helped carry them to a trench where they could receive medical attention, unhitched the dead animals, moved the gun into posi- tion with the two horses that re- mained, and drove his limber back to the echelon. Battery D, in their sunken road position, were soon located by the German artillery. One morning about dawn, when every one was asleep except three men on guard. Captain Mahon heard the familiar sound of in-coming shells. He looked out of his dug- out to make sure that his men were all under cover, and seeing no one about took it for granted that all were safe. Calling out that every one should lie low until the shelling was over, he went back into his dugout. A few minutes later, when the fire had ceased, Lieuten- ant Thomas came out and started along the road. Suddenly, from one of the little hol- lowed-out places in the bank, covered over with corrugated iron, in which the men slept, he heard a cry for help. Darting to the place, he found the three guards, McDevitt, Lincoln, and Pessalano, buried under ,_f'dV &$* Looked Out to See if His Men Were Under Cover 133 a mess of debris. They had all taken cover there when- the shelling began, and a projectile had made a direct hit on the dugout. McDevitt alone was still alive. The other two were buried that day within a few yards of the spot where they had fallen, while the wounded man was sent away in an ambulance. He, too, died within a few hours after reaching the field hospital. Battery F, in their ravine on the edge of Pedes, were sub- jected to what most men are agreed is the most terrifying form of hostile fire, namely night bombing by airplanes. The machines can be heard very distinctly overhead, yet it is impos- sible in the darkness to tell where they are. One listens tensely to the Zzzz-Zzzz-Zzzz of the motor, and then suddenly the noise stops: the aviator is releasing his bombs. Bang-bang- bang-bang-bang-bang-bang ! they fall in quick succession, and once again the motor resumes its Zzzz-Zzzz-Zzzz as the plane sails off. On this particular night, Battery F was preparing to move into a new position, and the horses had been brought up and were being hitched to the pieces. A plane was heard in the sky, and all at once a brilliant flare of white light burst overhead and floated gently down across the ravine. "Drivers, stand by your horses!" shouted Captain Ewell. "Everybody keep still ! Don't move !" ■ It was an awful moment. Every man and horse stood out in bold relief, the men with their faces upturned, the horses with their ears alert and eyes staring. No one stirred. Then, as the flare died out, the plane swooped down and crossed diagonally over the ravine, releasing as it passed a set of six bombs. With a deafening racket they burst, scattering frag- ments through the ravine, and startling the horses. "Is anybody hurt?" called the Captain. No one answered; but presently, as he made his way to where the teams stood, 134 he heard a groan, and stooping over, found Private Rosner with his arm badly shattered. It was a miracle that there were not more casualties. While the firing batteries were having these harrowing ex- periences, some of the men at the rear were getting their share of excitement. "Life at the echelon" is a by-word among those whose work takes them forward into the danger zone. The echelon must be near the source of supplies, and it is sup- posed to be free from danger — a place of comfort and ease. The following extracts from a cannoneer's diary show the at- titude. The writer had been having a strenuous time at the front: "Guard duty from midnight to I a. m. Up at 7 o'clock. Bar- rage from 7:15 to 1 p. m. At mess time the Huns sent over several shells which clipped off two Battery E men and others from other organizations. Helped carry up Private Shannon, who was badly wounded." Then comes a change: "Ordered back to echelon. After a difficult trip arrived there about up. m. Sergeant Dunphy treated us to stew, bread, coffee and prunes. This is the echelon life." Next day: "Washed socks and towels, good face wash and wrote letters till noon mess. Rest all p. m. and good sleep through a rainy night." Next day: "Up at six — • pancakes for breakfast — 5 packages M elachrinos — life of Riley — biscuits galore for supper." This is how the cannoneers feel about the echelon; and yet the place is always within easy range of the enemy artillery, and it was this same Battery E echelon which was treated one morning to one of the severest shellings that the regiment has known. A wagon had just driven in with a load of supplies and with mail from home. The mail clerk, George Seiber, was sorting the letters and a group of eager soldiers were standing about, when suddenly Pfzzz-Bang! — a shell crashed right in 135 among them. Pfzzz-Bang — another, and another, and still they came. Seiber was killed outright. Seven others were wounded and had to be evacuated, three of whom — Grace, Still- inger and Ormstadt — afterwards died in hospital. As soon as there was a pause, Sergeant Stine, who was in charge at the time, ordered the men to get ready to move at once; but first it was necessary to bury poor Seiber. The burial squad were interrupted time and again by shells before they could finish their work. There was not time to get the Chaplain, who was in Vauxcere, but Private Brown, who had a prayer book in his pocket, read some Scripture and a prayer when the grave was finished. Emphasis has been placed on these shellings which the regi- ment received, because for a while to many men that seemed to be the principal part of our existence. General Briggs, in his speech to the Association, explained the reason: "The Germans knew that they had strong positions here, and put some of their very best troops in front of us. They were Prussian divisions — well-known divisions — that had been through the game, and they knew something about fighting. We were just a little bit new. At first they had us at a disad- vantage. We never saw them, hardly. We heard them and felt them, but they knew how to take advantage of cover. It was like fighting in the dark. But it wasn't long before our men had learned the same game, and we gave them a little bit more than they had bargained for." One day Lieutenant Boyd, of A Battery, who was represent- ing our First Battalion as liaison officer with the 306th Infantry (for each battalion of artillery keeps an officer and several men on duty at all times with the infantry it is to support) tele- phoned to Major Sanders that two platoons of German artillery were giving the infantry a very uncomfortable time by system- atic and accurate shellfire. Careful observation had given the exact location of the guns in question, as well as a house where 136 apparently their kitchen was stationed, and the infantry wanted us to try and silence them. Instead of the usual harassing fire, Major Sanders tried a different method. Each of his battery commanders was given the necessary information and told to calculate his data for firing on these two platoons and on their kitchen, designated as targets number one, number two, and number three. The order was then given to lay all the guns on target num- ber one. Presently each battery commander, connected by phone with the major's P. C, reported "Ready to fire." Then the command was given, "Fire!" and in an instant all eleven guns (the twelfth was out of action at the time) went off with a roar. As quickly as they could be reloaded, a second round was fired. The whole volley lasted just seventeen seconds, and during that time twenty-one shells crashed in upon the German battery. "Lay on target number two," ordered the Major at his phone. "Battery A ready, sir," came Captain Lyman's voice after a moment. "B Battery ready to fire." "Battery C all ready." "Fire!" And the second Hun platoon was smothered like the first. After two rounds, the same method was used on the house where the kitchen had been reported as doing business. The effect at the other end can be imagined only by one who has himself been under fire. It must have been overwhelming. At any rate, the infantry reported later that half of the house was torn away; and as for the two platoons of artillery, one of them was not heard from for thirty-six hours, and the other was never identified again. The same method of fire was used subsequently on many occasions by the First Battalion on villages, farms, and crossroads, and whenever observation was possible, the shooting was proved to have been tremen- dously effective. The Second Battalion also had its full share in important L37 operations. The battalion commander had a peculiarly satis- factory experience during a big attack on the morning of Sep- tember fourteenth. In the advance from the Vesle to the Aisne, the 153rd Bri- gade, which we were supporting, had pushed right up to the river itself. On their right the 154th Brigade, and the 28th Division which adjoined it, as well as the French division be- yond, had met heavier resistance made possible by the nature of the terrain, and had been brought to a standstill some dis- tance short of the Aisne. The result was that the troops di- rectly in front of us were exposed to a flank attack and to dangerous enfilading fire from Boche artillery. The higher command, therefore, ordered a general attack along the whole front in order to advance the entire line up to the river, and our regiment was ordered to shift the direction of its fire to the right, so that the 154th Brigade, supported by our guns as well as those of the 305th F. A., might attain its objective. For several hours on the night of the 13th every battery was hard at work pouring a fire of preparation into the Ger- man positions, and then at the zero hour in the early morning, our guns, worked by tired but dogged cannoneers, began a rolling barrage that crept forward in front of the advancing in- fantry. The hours wore on with no let-up in the fire. The guns were so hot that more than one gunner, leaning over his piece between shots to adjust his sights, had his face scorched. The men could have cooked their dinner on the gun barrels. Major Devereux, who had taken the precaution to run a direct telephone wire to the headquarters of the 308th In- fantry, of the 154th Brigade, became impatient and called up Colonel Prescott, who was in command, asking for any informa- tion he might have about the progress of the attack. The reply was not encouraging. The troops had not been able to 138 keep pace with the advancing barrage, and were being sub- jected to a deadly flanking fire of artillery and machine guns which had, for the time being, blocked their entire progress. "Can you suggest any change in my fire which would be more useful than this barrage?" asked Major Devereux. "Just a minute, and I'll let you know," replied Colonel Pres- cott. While the Colonel was investigating further, Major Devereux was en- deavoring to gain permis- sion from his regimental commander to slacken his fire so as to save ammuni- tion. Presently the telephone rang. It was Colonel Prescott. It seemed that there was a column of German infantry ap- proaching a crossroad on his flank, apparently massing for a counter attack. This might wreck the entire advance of the 154th Brigade, and Colonel Prescott would like to have the Major open fire on the crossroad as soon as the Boche got there. "Can you give me the coordinates?" asked Major Devereux. The exact location was given. With Colonel Prescott still on the wire, the Major called up Captain Perin of Battery E and explained the situation. He wanted him with two guns to fire high explosive shells fitted with instantaneous fuses on that column of Boche infantry. While Captain Perin was calculating his firing data, the telephone connection was extended to include the commander of the threatened infantry battalion, and he gave the informa- tion that the Germans were almost at the crossroads. 139 The Germans Were Almost at the Crossroads Just then Captain Perin's voice announced, "Ready to fire." "Fire !" ordered Major Devereux. "Direction good — fifty meters over," came the infantry ma- jor's report a few moments later. Another round was fired. "A little too far to the right; range good," was the report. "Left ten," said Captain Perin. "Fire!" Again the two guns banged. "One shot plumb on the crossroads, and the other very close!" came the excited observer's report. With that, Captain Perin let loose a withering storm of shell that plastered the crossroads and wrought havoc with the troops as they came up. "Good — that's great !" cried Colonel Prescott. Then another voice broke in: "Who are all these people on this line?" It was Gen- eral Wittenmeyer, and how he managed to get on the wire no one ever knew. "Just. wait a minute, General," said Colonel Prescott. "I have a pla- toon of 75's from the 304th shooting up a road full of Boche. We are in the midst of the firing." "Fine!" said the Gen- eral. "I'll get off the wire." Then Colonel Prescott asked the Major to sweep northward along The Counter Attack Had Been Broken Up the road, and Captain 140 Perin shifted his aim, drenched the whole region with a concen- trated rain of fire until word came that no more was needed. The counter-attack had been broken up before ever it began. This incident is interesting, not only because of the work accomplished, but because it had furnished a rare opportunity for demonstrating to the infantry we supported the effective- ness of artillery when it is given exact information as to what is wanted and immediate reports as to what is being accom- plished. Nothing is more satisfactory to the artilleryman, and nothing more encouraging to the infantryman, than to know that the enemy is actually being demolished, and that every shot is counting for victory. To mention all the events in which our batteries took part would be tedious. Enough has been told to show something of what the regiment was doing, and to indicate what the men were going through. It was a terrible strain on them. They were working night and day. They were dirty, and there was no chance for a bath or for clean clothes. Above all, they were tired. The lack of sleep, the never-ending labor, the continued nervous strain of being under fire, had brought many of them to the point where they did not see how they could hold out for another day. "If we could only get some sleep!" was the re- mark heard at every battery position. The officers were as tired as the men. They did not have so much manual labor, of course, but they had more responsibility, and just as little sleep. Night after night the regimental com- mander and his adjutant would be routed out by a message from the infantry, or from the brigade commander. Captain Kemp- ner, in charge of operations, would have to get up and lay out the work for the battalions. The battalion and battery com- manders would be called up and given new orders, and they in turn would have to rouse their weary cannoneers for more firing. Lieutenant Bruns' endurance was taxed to the limit trying to keep everybody supplied with shells and fuses. The 141 runners were on the go with messages night and day. The telephone linemen were driven to distraction by the orders for new connections, and by the continual breaks in the wires caused by shellfire. To the battery drivers it seemed as though the guns were never allowed to stay in any one position for more than a few hours, so often were they called upon to take out their horses for moving the pieces. The Supply Company men had to bring their wagons up every night across that bridge in Bazoches which the Germans were doing their best to destroy, and :Mv ¥fe If over roads which fa. were targets for expert Boche artil- lerymen. Moreover, General Briggs had now left the regi- ment, having been to return to the ordered United States to bring over a new brigade, and the lack of his presence was distinctly felt. He had been replaced by Lieutenant-Colonel McCleave, who, although he was an artil- lery officer of some years' standing, had yet to win the confi- dence of the regiment. He was cool and deliberate, and we missed the eager interest in every detail to which we had been accustomed in our former commanding officer. Other shifts among the officers had also taken place. Cap- tain Ewell had gone to the Supply Company to replace Captain Garrett, who had been recalled for duty in the United States. 142 Runners Were on the Go with Messages Battery F was given a new commanding officer — Captain Eber- stadt, who, up to this time, had been Captain Mahon's execu- tive in D Battery with the rank of first lieutenant. With him were assigned First Lieutenant Hunter, from Headquarters Company, who had just received his promotion, and Lieutenant Thomas, from D. Lieutenant Amy had gone from Battery A to Battery D. All these changes were necessary, but they involved a certain amount of readjustment and added to the general feeling of uncertainty. In short, there was a universal longing for relief. More than four weeks of strenuous labor under conditions that were far from ideal had told on the spirits of our inexperienced troops, and they felt that they had earned a rest. At last the longed-for day came. On September 14th, the very day of the attack just described, the order was received that we were to be relieved by an Italian divi- sion, and on the 15th, detach- ments of these troops began to move into the sector. They were a queer lot ! They had no telephones, no fire control instruments, no anything, except guns and ammunition ; and they strolled in in the most casual sort of way, as if they were engaged in a play war. We wondered how they would fare at the hands of the ex- perienced troops across the river. The Germans Began to Shell the Town 1 43 Night came, and the relief began. Italian officers had installed themselves in our headquarters cave, and our guns and wagons were moving out onto the roads for the hazardous march to the rear. The men in the court- yard around the cave were packing up their belongings and the office equipment, when, to our consternation, the Germans be- gan to shell the town. Not content with raking the streets, they began to drop shell after shell right into our courtyard. One struck the door of what had been the clerks' office, and burst into the room, wrecking a typewriter and tearing some officers' bedding rolls to tatters. Another landed just outside the kitchen, and the cook, Peter Anastas, and Captain Kempner's orderly, Oscar Johnson, were both seri- ously wounded, (Johnson died There Were Some Narrow Escapes r , , . , ., n ^i afterward in a hospital), the cave, crowded with officers, both American and Italian, bustling about giving orders and attending to a hundred final details, while the two wounded men lay stretched on the floor waiting for an ambulance, and a third, slightly shell-shocked, sat staring blankly at the confusion about him, presented a scene which no one who was there will ever forget. 144 To add to our discomfiture, the Italian infantry had come into the town, and with an utter disregard for the precau- tions in which we had been so carefully trained, were massed in the streets, laughing and talking and lighting cigarettes with matches which flared up in the darkness, giving ample evidence of their presence to any aerial observers who might chance to be overhead, and blocking up the roads in front of our wagons. Our route lay along the hilltop, through Perles, and then southward into the valley of the Vesle, not at Bazoches, where we had crossed before, but at Fismes. Every kilometer of the road was fraught with danger, and our convoys were inten- tionally broken up so as not to have too many troops in any place at once. Overhead we could hear the frightful scream of the high-velocitv Austrian shells (familiarly known as "whizz-bangs"' on account of the noise they make and be- cause the explosion follows so quickly on the sound of the shell as it passes). Luckily there was no moon, and our movements were screened in a pall of thick darkness. How the regiment ever got through unscratched no one knows. There were some narrow escapes. The head of the column was caught under fire at a crossroad where it had halted to make sure of the direction, and shell fragments whistled about. Some of the batteries reached Fismes just as it was be- ing shelled, and had to pass through the ghostly ruins of the town while walls were tumbling into the streets. E>ut no one was hurt, and as mile after mile was passed, the sounds of battle grew fainter and fainter, and gradually died out altogether; and at length, after an interminable march, the regiment drew into a wood near the village of Gussancourt. There, in the broad daylight of a Sunday morning, a tired lot of soldiers stretched themselves on the ground for the first peace- ful repose they had enjoyed in nearly six weeks., 145 CHAPTER IX A TEN DAYS MARCH That was a happy Sunday we spent in the Bois de Munier. A warm sun overhead, soft turf under foot, ample water near, at hand for the horses and for washing, and, above all, the knowledge that we were out of the battle for a while and on our way to some rest camp for a clean-up and fresh clothes, made it a day long to be remembered. There was a sort of holiday feeling among the men. Mr. Dolphini dug into the baggage wagons and got out his band instruments, and about sundown there was a concert. The band was sadly out of practice — the players' hands were stiffened by manual labor and their lips had lost their skill — but their music seemed a thing divine! The Chaplain held a service in the woods, and although the fact that it was watering time for the horses interfered some- what with the attendance, a goodly number of the men joined reverently in the worship and thanked God heartily for His goodness. Night brought a welcome opportunity for more sleep. The lighting of fires or of cigarettes after dark was still prohibited, but there was a sense of security that no one had enjoyed for weeks. Monday was spent in getting the wagons and horses, as well as a few blistered feet, into shape for the march that lay ahead, and that eve- ning, after a hot supper, the regiment swung out of the woods and took the southward road. That night we crossed the Marne again, this time in no feverish haste, but slowly and easily. The beautiful valley, bathed in moonlight, lay before us as the column wound down the hill to the bridge, and presented a picture that lingered in the minds of the most unpoetic. Then up a long slope on the southern bank, made easy by the fact that we could see where we were going, and by the evenness of the well- paved highway. Eastward then we turned, following the valley of the Marne, until, about daybreak, we reached our camping ground in a sweet-smelling pine wood. JKS mm m ■m::. H7 The next night it rained. One who has never traveled on foot at night cannot realize what a difference the ability to see makes in the amount of fatigue one feels. In the moonlight, when the road lies ahead like white ribbon, and the surround- ing hills and valleys and woods and fields stand out clearly and lend variety to the scene, marching is comparatively easy. But when the sky is overcast, and no moon nor stars give their >iit, and the darkness is like a wall shutting the travelers in, the feet grow tender and stumble over pebbles, the pack becomes heavy, and every step is an effort. Or, if one is mounted, sleep at- tacks the rider with a sort of vindictive per- sistence, and will not leave him alone. He nods and droops, and then, beginning to fall, catches himself with a jerk, only to lose consciousness again and be jerked once more into a half- intelligent realization that he must keep awake. Then he dis- mounts and tries walking, and at every halt leans against his horse and dozes anew with an overpowering drowsiness that The Next Night It Rained W4 Ml wm. brings no rest. And when it rains, these conditions are aggra- vated by the water that gradually soaks through one's clothes and filters into one's shoes and turns the road under foot into a series of muddy pools through which horses and pedestrians splash and ooze their way. Yet the men bore it patiently, because they were headed away from the front and toward some unknown haven of rest; and when, with the morning light, the regiment pulled into a broad meadow, near the town of Epernay, and the sun, peer- ing through the breaking clouds, re- vealed a fair hillside covered with vine- yards, and streams of water near at hand, and cordial villagers coming up with eager offers of eggs for sale, and wine, and good French bread, every one was content. When, at evening, the regiment was preparing to resume its march, an unusual thing happened. Let a corporal's diary tell the story : "About n p.m. ... all the canonneers were given two days' rations and marched off through a drizzling rain to a neighboring town where we were hustled into trucks and on Eager Offers of Eggs 149 *CT our way. What distance we traveled and what route we fol- lowed that evening will always be a mystery to us. Suffice it to say that the trucks were loaded to suffocation and sleep was of course impossible. We rumbled and rocked along through the mud. The morning, though, was clear # and bright. We passed scores of villages, all of which were well behind the lines, but which all had their quota of American troops. About 10 o'clock a. m., we arrived at the little town of Braux St. Remy. The battery was split up and billeted in different places, our section faring the best. We were assigned to a long stable, and here we enjoyed the luxury of cots, keenly reminiscent of Camp Upton days. The town itself is utterly devoid of any attraction, save for the one wine shop where John Barleycorn reigns supreme. For two days and a half we stayed here, led the simple life, with no drills and no formations — quite a con- trast to what we had undergone at the front." And, one might add, quite a contrast also to what the rest of the regiment was undergoing in the meantime. For while these cannoneers, some four hundred strong, were being conveyed across the country in trucks, the rest of us made our way on foot. We wondered vaguely where the cannoneers had gone, and why. Our answer came within a day or two. One afternoon (we were marching by day now, and sleeping at night) the regi- ment came down into the valley of the up- per Marne. We had been follow- ing a general south-easterly direc- tion now for five days, and we were beginning to wonder where that rest camp was and when we should reach it. But when we saw the 150 A Familiar Figure broad, green meadows of the river valley, with the stream meandering through them ; when we parked our guns and wagons on the beautiful turf, and pitched our tents on the rich carpet of soft grass, we decided that, if only they would let us stay there, we could easily be content without any rest camp, for we could rest where we were and be happy. Men sprawled on the ground in utter abandon. The horses and mules were turned loose to graze, and some of the weariest- looking nags kicked up their heels and raced about like colts. It required considerable skill in stalking them to gather all the animals in when it was time to picket them for the night. There was a restfulness about the place that surpassed any- thing we had ever known in France, and our sleep that night was deep and dreamless. The next day baseballs were produced, and although there were no set games there was considerable exercise for all who wanted to indulge in it, and the exhilaration of a real ea*rly fall day made everybody feel fresh and active. Several neat villages near by served as an attraction for some of the men, and they explored them at will and sought vainly for eggs or poultry. Alas, the 305th had got there before us, and there The Picket Line 151 was not a thing to be bought! It was fun to wander around, however, and the desire to stay in that spot grew as the day wore on. But about four o'clock a messenger dashed up on a motor- cycle and delivered an order to Colonel McCleave which brought surprise and consternation to the whole camp. We were to pack up and be on the road, ready for a march, within twenty minutes! And we did it, too. Such a bustling of preparation as there was during those next few min- utes, such a buzzing of tongues, such a wild spreading of rumors ! What was up ? Where were we going? Why all this haste? Why another night march ? Presently we were on the )^T\ road. Colonel McCleave rode along the column and spoke a few words to each organization commander, and as he passed down the line the ominous or- der was given out. "Gas masks and helmets will be worn." We were going back to the front ! What a gloom spread through the regiment! No rest, no bath, no clean clothes? Do they think we are fit for front line duty without them? Aren't there enough American troops in France to hold the lines without calling on regiments that have been doing their share for two months without a let-up? These were the thoughts that sped through men's minds as we crossed the Marne at Vitry le Francois and turned northward toward the front. Little was said, but a feeling of indignation ran high. The Men Were All Under Cover Perhaps the only man who was really happy was Mr. New- berry, the Y. M. C. A. secretary who had joined us the day after we had quit the Aisne, and who was eager for service at the front. Colonel McCleave rode up alongside the supply wagon on which he sat beside the driver, Bill Hawkins. "Newberry, I've got some good news for you. We're go- ing back into the lines, and I guess you're the only man here who will be thoroughly glad of it!" The next day's march brought us to a little place called Busy le Repos. The very name was a mockery ! It was Sun- day, and a great crowd of the Catholic men thronged the little church, where Chaplain Sheridan, of the 305th, said mass. Chaplain Howard had arranged for a Protestant service in the afternoon in an old Y. M. C. A. hut, but when the time came the regiment was busy getting ready for the march again. In a driving rain that turned the roads into a morass the dreary column started on the worst hike in our whole history. Mention has already been made of the difficulty of night marching in the rain. On this occasion the hardships were augmented by the fact that the route lay, for the most part, up hill, and by the depression which reigned among the men when they started. How it poured ! Within an hour every one was drenched to the skin. Up and up we climbed, until it seemed as if we must be reaching the top of the world. The horses were tired, and no one not absolutely needed for driving or working the brakes was allowed to sit on a vehicle, or even to take hold of a wagon or caisson. The packs on the men's backs grew heavier and heavier as the rain soaked into the blankets. Their shoes oozed with water. The riders, who must dis- mount at every halt to rest their horses, had to climb, when they started again, into wet saddles that gave a fresh chill with every mounting. We passed through woods that cast additional darkness on 153 the road, and made it utterly impossible to see where we were going. Each man followed the one in front of him with a blind, dogged monotony of compulsion. Then the column emerged from the woods and, still climb- ing, came out on a high plateau that was utterly bare of trees, save for an occasional row of thin poplars that swayed mourn- fully in the wind. There was nothing to offer any protection from that steady gale which drove the beating rain right through to the marrow of our bones. As we took our way on this interminable march, still in a north-easterly direction, evidences that we were nearing the front began to make themselves felt. Military traffic began to appear on the roads. A's we turned into a great highway, there loomed in the darkness long trains of camions. Some hurried past us toward the rear, empty, but most of them were rumbling along in our direction, loaded with French and Amer- ican infantry. Something unusual was afoot. A bewildered M. P. on a crossroad, questioned by one of our officers, said that troops had been pouring through for hours, and we could well believe him, for from every road that we passed new columns of men and guns and wagons streamed in to swell the volume of the mighty river of war traffic that moved on toward the front. At last we turned aside into some black and wet and unin- viting woods. After crossing a bridge and pushing along a little farther in the darkness, the column halted, and the fore- most wagons were directed to turn in to the left. One by one they bumped down a steep incline, wallowed for a moment at the foot, and then creaked their way into the blackness and disappeared. As each organization moved up to the place it was piloted into the woods by a drenched reconnoissance of- ficer, and told where to put up for the rest of the night. No one could see his hand before his face. Not a light could be lit, not so much as a single flash from a pocket lamp. The 154 men had to feel their way around, and what they felt chiefly was mud. The ground under foot was nothing more than a marsh, and it was becoming more swampy every moment as the rain poured in and saturated the soft loam. That was our camp. There the men pitched their tents, and there they crawled into their wet blankets and drowsed in a fitful, uncomfortable sleep until daylight. With the dawn came another day of rest as the artilleryman on the march knows it. No reveille nor drills, but horses to be fed, watered, groomed, and perhaps shod, harness to be overhauled and mended, wagons to have new wheels put on or springs repaired, wood to be fetched, blankets to be spread out in a vain at- tempt to dry them, and then the feeding and watering all over again until at last the order is given: "Roll your packs; harness up!" During the day we tried to piece together the bits of in- formation which had been picked up along the way during the march of the previous night. There were many conflicting stories, but on one point they seemed to agree: a great Amer- ican offensive was in preparation, and all the available troops in our army were being rushed into it. Before nightfall our higher officers, at least, had some defi- nite information as to our movements. The 77th Division was to take its position in the heart of the Argonne. The in- fantry had gone in ahead of us, and were already concealed in deep ravines behind the front lines. The French, who had 155 '• : '"':. ; .vc:',. v ' fr"W Lieutenant Welling. niuitaf n "Lay on Me !" been holding this sector by strongly fortified entrenchments for nearly four years, were to leave a thin garrison in the front line trenches, in order that the Boche might not suspect The Village of Les Islettes the presence of American""" troops. Ever since the Crown Prince, in 1915, had been baffled in his attempt to force a passage through this forest, the two opposing armies had lived in comparative peace and quiet, each secure in the knowledge that the other could not possibly break through. Now the Americans, making their assault simultaneous with a general Allied attack along the whole front from Verdun to Rheims, were to try, by a sudden surprise, to rush the Germans out of their elaborate fortifications, and hurl them back out of the forest and into the open country beyond the Aire River. The rank and file, however, knew nothing of this. They knew only that here were more troops than they had ever seen before, and, tired and discouraged as they were, they could not suppress a feeling of elation that our regiment was to have its share in some great operation. It was with a sense of growing interest, therefore, that they 156 took the road again on the night of the 24th, and, passing through the trim little town of St. Mennehould, "Queen City of the Argonne," moved eastward along the Paris-Metz high- way. On reaching the village of Les Islettes, our column turned sharp to the left and started due north along the road that led into the forest; and at Le Claon the headquarters and sup- ply detachments, and all those who go to make up the echelon, turned aside. After toiling up a frightfully long and steep hill, thev pitched their camp in a grove of superb beeches, while the firing batteries, joined once more by the cannoneers who had gone ahead in trucks, moved up the valley into the Forest of Argonne. What a beautiful place it was. Lofty beech trees towered above the road, their smooth trunks gleaming in the moon- light, their tops lost in the darkness overhead. Deep ravines stretched away on either side, cradling soft blankets of mist. "Little wonder," writes one of the officers, "that the Argonne should have been from time immemorial the scene of tales of romance and of the supernatural. Indeed, our imagination refuses to connect these charming scenes with the modern offensive soon to start in their midst. It seemed as if the op- posing forces in this great forest, after making futile attempts to destroy each other, had long since succumbed to the magic spell cast by these proud woods over the unseemly activities of warring human beings." But there was enough of the actuality of war to keep one's thoughts from soaring too far. At one of our halts we saw tired doughboys lying all about by the side of the road, their packs still strapped to their backs, sleeping. Replacement troops they were, sent in to fill up the depleted ranks of our own infantry. Most of them had never been in the lines be- fore. Skirting the edge of the forest, the batteries proceeded 157 Captain Ewell through several ruined hamlets, whose crumbling walls gave evidence that heavy shelling had once taken place in the now quiet region. Great shell craters yawned by the roadside, filled with water from the recent rains. Presently they came to La Chalade, shell torn and deserted save for a few soldiers on duty. One of the latter proved to be a marker left there by Captain Bateson, who had gone ahead to find positions for the guns of his bat- talion. He furnished the in- formation that the batter- ies were to turn aside here and pro- ceed up the steep road that led off into the. forest. The difficulties experienced by both battalions in getting into position are well set forth in the fol- lowing description written by Major Devereux : "My route lay up a winding, narrow, and terrifically steep road flanked by high banks. It was necessary to clear and keep open this road before the battalion started up, otherwise we should be in a nasty jam. "Urging on my horse, I had just reached a sharp turn, when my worst fears were realized. Down the hill in a steady stream came a column of motor trucks, swaying, skidding, and giving forth all the squeaks and noises peculiar to their breed. I yelled at the first driver to stop, but he paid no attention, and I narrowly escaped an ignominious death at his hands. Finally I obtained a hearing from one of his followers. He was one, he said, of a great many more behind that had just delivered ammunition to the gun positions and were going back for more. I inquired about the width of the road, and 158 learned that it widened out about a quarter of a mile farther on. " 'But there's a hell of a tie-up ahead of you,' said the driver. 'The road is covered with tractors.' "Sending a mounted messenger back to hold the battalion until a clear passage was assured, I hastened up the hill and soon encountered the tractors. Looking like giant lizards of prehistoric times in the night mist, they literally sprawled all over the road, and with them a battery of eight-inch howitzers, covered with hugh fish nets and boughs. "After much questioning, I found the lieutenant in com- mand of these monsters. His temper was at the breaking point, for he had been ordered to be in position before morning, and here he was on the wrong road, with dawn threatening to break at any moment, and movement over this road in daylight strictly forbidden. But if he and his pets started down the hill, as he threatened to do, it was good-by to my own plans. In the most honeyed tones I could command, I reasoned with him, and he finally agreed to move to one side of the road and remain there. With much growling and snarling both by his men and by the monsters, a pathway was cleared. "Meanwhile from up the road another truck, in trying to 'turn on a ten cent piece,' had performed the feat of the Vin- dictive in Ostende harbor, and beyond it were blocked a motley column of camions and motor ambulances. The drivers, dozing on their seats, awaited developments. Coax- ing, cursing, ordering, pleading, I rallied a sufficient force to attack the truck, and, by overwhelming it with superior num- bers, we soon had it turned about. "Just as the trucks had moved far enough to leave a pas- sage for the on-coming batteries, there suddenly appeared from nowhere an ammunition officer, who announced in no uncertain tones that he was from some army or corps ammuni- tion park with orders to deliver many thousands of rounds of 159 Frenchman would have permitted the beautiful Bois de la Chalade to be thus laid waste unless great things were to come of the sacrifice? Ha, this was something worth being in — 'the great offensive,' and perhaps, with the help of Providence, the last of the war !" So the Second Battalion hauled its guns off the road and pointed them to the north, ready for whatever might come. Meanwhile, Major Sanders, with his battalion, had come up behind, and, groping his way in the darkness, had gone into position a little farther to the west, not on top of the ridge, but well down the forward slope of the northerly ravine. The stage was set, the troops were ready, and with eager curiosity we awaited the plan of operations for the Argonne drive. 161 CHAPTER X THE ARGONNE DRIVE : "d DAY" AND "H HOUR" Great operations like the one in which we were about to engag"e were planned, of course, by the supreme command of the Allied Armies. Each sepa- rate army was given its definite task in the general scheme, and each commander wa's respon- sible for working out the plan of attack for the various corps under him. The corps commanders in turn laid out the work for the divisions, and the division commanders planned in the minutest details just what each brigade had to accomplish. From the brigade headquarters the regiments received their orders. which stated the precise method and schedule of every move that was to be made for days in advance. Thus the whole battle was conducted in accordance with a vast and in- tricate scheme in which every officer in command of a unit knew exactly what was expected of him. The infantry had certain definite objectives which must be reached within the time pre- scribed, and beyond them second and third objectives, all of which must be taken according to schedule. The artillery's work, some of which was controlled by the corps commanders, and some, like our own, by the division of which the regiments were a part, was all related to what the infantry was to do In this particular operation, the artillery was to prepare the way for the infantry, first by pouring a fire of preparation for several hours on specified targets, so as to harass and de- 162 moralize the enemy as much as possible, and then when the hour for attack arrived, by laying down a barrage in front of the infantry as they advanced and thus clearing the ground before them. Every conceivable detail, including the length of time for each phase of the work, the kind of ammunition to be used and the number of rounds per minute for each gun, was all carefully worked out and given to the battery com- manders a day or two beforehand. The only information lacking was the day on which the attack was to be launched, known as "D Day," and the hour at which it was to begin, called "H Hour." Shortly before the offensive was to be set in motion, a message would be delivered to the regimental com- manders giving them these two all-important facts, which would be transmitted to the battalion and battery commanders in time for them to comply with the orders. The 77th Division, for the Argonne drive, was assigned to the 1st Corps, under the command of Major-General (after- ward Lieutenant-General) Hunter Liggett. There was at that time but one American army — the First — of which Gen- eral Pershing himself took command. Our division occupied the extreme left of the American sector, and its lines' extended from the western edge of the forest about two-thirds of the way across the Argonne. The eastern part was held by the 28th Division (Pennsylvania National Guard), who had al- ready been our neighbors on the Aisne. Our task was to ad- vance through the heart of the forest, clear the enemy out of his strong concrete defenses, and shove him out into the open ground at the north where the Aire River flowed through St. Juvin and Grand Pre. His troops were not very numerous, but, in addition to his heavy fortifications, he had the advantage of a series of thickly wooded ravines which offered admirable cover for machine guns, and he had interlaced the underbrush with a vast network of barbed wire. The initial attack was to be made across a veritable wilderness of shell holes, mine era- 163 ters, abandoned trenches, wire entanglements and blasted trees — the No-Man's-Land of four years' position warfare — and against a series of trench fortifications which had been con- stantly improved year by year. September 24th and 25th were busy Mi >\\ J $','/) days ^ or our regiment. The gun posi- tions were prepared, arrangements for ammunition supply were per- fected, a liaison system was installed with runners and telephones for quick com- munication, and the firing data were calculated and checked. Reconnais- sance officers and non- commissioned officers went forward, in French uniforms, to the front lines to lo- cate observation posts. The most novel feature of the work was the preparation of the trees for felling in order to clear a field of fire for the guns. For two days the sound of saws and axes rang through the woods. Every tree which in any way obstructed the passage of shells was cut through so far that a few more strokes would bring it down. All along the ridge where the artillery was massed the splendid beeches which furnished such perfect conceal- ment before the battle were to be demolished. They were 164 Every Tree Was Cut Through like a drop curtain on a stage: the audience looks at the forest scene; then the stage is darkened for a moment, and when the lights are turned on the forest had disappeared, and the guns that have been hidden are revealed. There was with the regiment a man who had never yet been in ac- tion at the front, Mr. Newberry, the regimental Y. M. C. A. secretary. He had joined us the day after we left the Vesle sector. An account he has written of his ex- periences at the beginning of this drive will help here to give a of the he my the Beside the Road Was fresh and vivid picture events which took place. "It was my first battle," writes. "For three nights sleep had been broken by creaking and grumbling of guns and caissons hauled up the ong hill past the echelon. I had heard that there were hundreds — some said thou- sands — of cannon being placed in positions beyond us. "On the afternoon of the 25th Chaplain How- ard asked me if I wanted to go with him to the front. 'Bringalongyour Almost Hub to Hub money-order book,' he suggested. 'The men always want to send their money home when they are going into action.' "We walked through an autumn wood, calm and peaceful in the afternoon sun. Beside the road was a shrine and a little chapel which had been used by French troops, and we stepped inside for a few moments. Farther on was a graveyard behind stone walls, its gar- lands of artificial flowers old and broken. All was quiet. Even the road was deserted save for an occa- sional truck or wagon or a passing group of soldiers. "It did not seem possible that battle was imminent in this great grove of beech and pine. The nets of camouflage that stretched across the road overhead (a device for preventing accurate observation of the highways by aviators) moved gently in the soft wind. Birds flitted through the trees or sang from the bushes. "As we turned into the road that led up from La Chalade there was another and grimmer aspect before us. Here were the guns in position, French and American cannon of all sizes from 75's to siege guns. Almost hub to hub they stood among the trees, above and below the road. Their crews in khaki and horizon blue, an occasional group of red tufted French sailors to add variety, sat or lay about the guns or worked with ax and saw in the woods. . . . "Arrived at the batteries of our Second Battalion, I ex- 166 changed receipts for the money our men were anxious to place in less hazardous situation, and dusk had fallen before I real- ized it. The Chaplain, returning from a visit to the P. C, suggested that we spend the night at the guns and hear the battle's opening. ' 'The battle starts at dawn?' I asked. I had heard the rumor. " 'H Hour is 5 130,' the Chaplain confided. 'The artillery begins at half-past two. We might be of use,' he continued. 'There may be wounded.' "I was willing if I would not be in the way, so together we walked on in the gathering darkness to the First Battalion, where, after a hasty supper in Captain Doyle's dugout, I was escorted to the first-aid station of the battalion, which was in- stalled in the same dugout as Captain Lyman's P. C. The Chaplain, saying there was no need for us both to be in the one place, made his way back through the night to the Second Battalion. "I felt woefully big, awkward and obstructionable in that little square hole in the earth. It was too small to cover its needs even with- out me. In one corner, at a crude table under a win- dow double-cur- tained by a blanket was Captain Ly- man with his ex- ecutive, Lieuten- ant McVaugh. They were figur- ing and checking the data for the fir- mer which was to In a German Dugout 167 be done in the morning. A telephone on the desk buzzed fre- quent irritating interruptions which necessitated the intrusion of orderlies and runners through the curtained doorway of the cave and the further crowding of the room. I wondered how so tiny a place could possibly house a hospital. "But the surgeon, Lieutenant Sams, was establishing one. In the farther corner, on a bunk, he had laid out his instruments and rolls of gauze and bandages, and the stretchers were leaned ag'ainst the wall. Then he sat down on a blanket in his cor- ner and began conversation. Lieutenant Sams was from Georgia and was a hunter, and we compared experiences in low voices that might not interfere with the Captain's calcula- tions or his executive's check. Lieutenant Sams was young; so was Lieutenant McVaugh; but Captain Lyman seemed nothing but a boy. He called in his four section leaders to hand them the written orders for fire. One of these non-coms on whose shoulders so much re- sponsibility was placed was apparently still in his teens, so I asked his age. 'Twenty-one' was the answer, 'older than any of these others.' It was not a reassurance as to wisdom or profound judgment, as I remarked to the Captain. The latter added his own age to my indictment — twenty-three ! 'A young man's war.' So it has been called, and so I admitted it that night. We men of mature age and experience were too slow of decision and action — we must sit in the corner of the dug- out and try to keep out of the way. "The sound of shell fire, always in evidence at the front, became brisker and nearer. 'Incoming,' remarked McVaugh, reentering from above after a look outside. "A moment later they were bursting over us. A peculiar odor began to creep in, and instinctively, even before the warn- ing word 'Gas !' I was fumbling into my mask. It was adjusted and I had begun smothered breathing before the Klaxon out- side confirmed the alarm. When I had cleared my eye holes 1 68 NO MAN'S LAND— ARGONNE FOREST and looked around every man was a glaring gargoyle. I would have smiled at the grotesque faces if I had not been afraid of losing my mouthpiece. Captain Lyman was leaning over his desk, his mask almost touching it, still calculating deflections and ranges. Lieutenant Sams, his helmet perched over his mask, was burning bits of paper close to the floor. McVaugh had gone out again, pulling the curtain carefully shut behind him. The runners stood against the wall and breathed slowly through the respirators. "Captain Lyman lifted his mask and sniffed. Then he re- moved it. 'Safe enough now,' he said, and we cautiously lifted and sniffed. McVaugh breezed in. 'Nobody hurt,' he de- clared, and began the checking of the captain's data. "I looked at my watch. It was twenty minutes past twelve. 'Crack! Crack! Crack!' Seemingly just outside our door three shells broke. Then a number more distant. I reached for my mask, but neither the captain nor his lieutenant glanced up from their work. The Boche was sending them over _in quantities now. Their crashing explosions sounded like a bom- bardment, and I was certain that our surprise plans had become known to the enemy and that he was anticipating our attack by a couple of hours. I expected a show of excitement, hur- ried orders brought and given, a certain tenseness of dramatic crisis, but Captain Lyman went on reading: 'Target number 3 — base deflection left fifteen, range two seven hundred, twelve rounds sweeping — ' and McVaugh would reply, 'Check.' "Again the Klaxon sounded and we held our breaths while we adjusted masks. On the tail of its mournful sound an or- derly burst into the room. 'A shell in the gUn pit, sir, and a man badly wounded,' he reported. Captain Lyman and Lieu- tenant McVaugh hurried out while Lieutenant Sams, gas mask on, prepared for action. "In a few moments the stretcher bearers brought in the form of Private Clarence Manthe, wounded so seriously that 169 one glance told me the only issue. Captain Lyman knelt be- side him and soothed him by words of well-earned praise, while the surgeon worked to make the last hour of the lad less pain- ful. "There were other wounds now to be dressed and a gas case to be doctored. I sat beside Manthe to ease his passing, press- ing my canteen to his lips when the fever burned. 'You are going over, boy,' I said softly. 'Is there a message I can take ?' " 'My mother — tell her I died like soldier,' he whispered. "I voiced a prayer, the captain kneeling alongside, and Manthe closed his eyes for the last sleep, A few minutes t later I nodded to the J surgeon. He felt for pulse and heart, then placed a tag with penciled date and hour upon the breast and drew a blanket over the dead. "Sergeant Young had been wounded in the wrist by a shell fragment but insisted on going back to his gun. 'Stay here,' his captain ordered, and the sergeant could but obey. The wound seemed slight, but the surgeon saw that it was a danger- ous one with the possibility — afterward an eventuality — of serious complications ; yet when, later in the day, I rode with the boy on the ambulance I was forced to use argument and finally diplomacy and coercion to make him go to a hospital. "The gas case, Private Broderick, was apparently much more serious, for he was an extremely sick man with blinded eyes, a hacking cough and a nausea which was pitifully ineffectual of relief. But he improved rapidly under treatment and af- terwards recovered quickly at the hospital. We all absorbed too much Boche gas that night. I picked up a cough which I/O lasted me several months. There were weak and watery eyes for days afterwards."' While these things were taking place in A Battery, the other organizations were having a more peaceful time. Nowhere else was any one hit with incoming shells. The German fire was evidently laid down somewhat at random, the gunners aiming for the road without any exact knowledge of where the guns were located. At the Second Battalion the Chap- lain paid a visit to the aid station which Lieutenant McCaleb had established in a deep dugout, and asked to be called if any wounded should be brought in. Then he went to the only place where there was room for him — the dugout shared by the three battery commanders — and while the officers figured their data he went to sleep on Captain Perin's bunk. About ten o'clock in the evening the order was given to fell the trees doomed to sacrifice. Details of men went out with axes to give the final blows. There was a grating, crunching sound, then a terrific crash, and the first great monarch of the forest plunged head foremost down the hill. From that mo- ment on, the woods reechoed with the swishing and crashing of falling trees, until the roar was so great it seemed as if the enemy must hear it. Toward midnight the work was all but finished and the sound died down ; and then for some time, save for the hit-or-miss shelling by the Germans, the quiet was un- broken. About two o'clock there was a stir all along the ridge as the gun crews, alert for the hour for attack, busied themselves with their final preparations. While our men were thus engaged, there began a rumble of guns far off to the left. Nearer and nearer it came, as bat- tery after battery all along the line received the command to fire. Then the heavy guns all about us burst forth with a roar that echoed down the ravines and rattled the doors and win- dows in the dugouts. The whole forest seemed to rock with the concussion, and the sky was ablaze with flashes of light. At their guns our cannoneers stood eagerly waiting, while the section chiefs, watch in hand, counted the minutes as the hands moved toward two-thirty. Then, at a nod from the sec- tion leader, each number two picked up a shell and shoved it into the breech of his gun. Number one closed the breech with a bang and took hold of the lanyard. There was a tense mo- ment of waiting. Then, 'Fire!' In an instant every gun in the regiment leaped on its carriage and sent its shell hurtling over the tops of the trees in the valley below. Now the whole mass of artillery was crashing forth its storm of destruction into the trenches and dugouts and ravines on the other side of No-Man's-Land. The roar of the guns, the tinkling of the empty shell cases as they were tossed aside, the voices of the officers and section chiefs as they gave their commands, the whizz of the departing shells all mingled in one vast racket and confusion of noise that no pen can describe. While the opening of the battle was dramatic enough for those who were actually at the guns, in the dugouts of the battalion and battery commanders the mo- mentous hour came and passed almost unheeded. Mr. Newberry was disap- pointed. "I expected excite- ment and movement," he writes. "Certainly the Cap- A Shell on Either Shoulder 172 tain and his executive would bestir themselves and shout orders either directly or to messengers or over the telephone. This dramatic moment of a great battle's open- ing- must have its setting on martial com- mand. However, those last few sec- onds before two- thirty ticked away, while Cap- tain Lyman and Lieuten- a n t M c - Vaugh fig- u r e d and checked, and the surgeon cleaned "his instruments and the gassed men coughed. . . . "When the guns had been busy for some time I went up the stairs to breathe deep of the sweet fresh air. Lit by the flash of the guns, there was a narrow trench through which men were hastening with a shell on either shoulder, a string of busy ants. There in the shallow pits worked the gunners, three or four to a cannon, throwing shells into the breech with incredible rapidity. But again I felt in the way — me with nothing to do when every one else had more than enough — and I started back to the dugout. Day was dawning, — a dawn through clouds of smoke. " 'All going out, nothing coming in,' laughed McVaugh be- side me. I noticed that this noise was all our own. No Boche shells were bursting over or about us. 173 Our Fire Increased in Intensity " 'We've silenced them !' I exulted. " 'More likely they've turned them all on the infantry,' he replied. 'They know by now that something big is coming.' "I glanced at my watch: 5:20. 'Nearly time for the start,' I said. " 'The barrage begins in ten minutes. Come and see what has been done by our fire.' "We made our way through fallen trees to the brow of the hill to find that heavv smoke and fog in the val- ley made any ob- servation impossible, _,^^ '(-^(^J^bb}^ and came back to the /<t& the clouds to pounce upon an occasional Boche plane that ven- tured over to pick up information. Fights in the air became a matter of daily occurrence. Sometimes there would be two or three going on at once, and we were distracted trying to watch them. Once, when the sound of machine guns was heard overhead, and our men rushed out of their tents to see what was going on, the air was so filled with planes that no one knew where to look. It was on that occasion that some one called out, "Get your official programs here! You cannot tell the individual players without a program!"' It was like trying to watch a three-ringed circus. There were several days of anxious waiting. They were 197 anxious because the gun positions, where only a few men were on guard, were being shelled every night, and we were having some casualties before ever the real battle began. One shell struck in A Battery's kitchen, riddling pots and pans with holes and wrecking the dugout where the cook slept, and an- other burst beside one of B's guns and killed one of their most loyal and trustworthy soldiers, Private James Brady. At last, after several false alarms, the order came on Oc- tober 31st to send the full gun crews out to the positions. The battalion commanders had established their P. C.'s on a very high hill behind the guns, from where, if the weather was clear, they could see far into the German lines. Colonel Mc- Cleave moved his headquarters to Cornay where he had quick connections both with his batteries and with the infantry. Lieutenant McVaugh, of Battery A, and Lieutenant Mc- Dougall, of Battery E, were sent forward with pirate pieces to the infantry lines, and everything was ready. The plan of battle for our sector was for the 77th Divi- sion, after the usual artillery preparation, to send forward its infantry from St. Juyin and on the first day to capture the town of Champigneulle. As soon as the town was in our hands, the artillery was to rush forward and take up new posi- tions to support a further advance. "D day" was announced as November 1st, and "H hour" as 5 130 a. m. As the evening wore on, every one who could do so lay down for a little sleep, but there was a tenseness of expectation .^-^, ( that made rest difficult. ~^jTj^Lt.l, \a Soon after midnight, the Ger- man guns began their usual sere- nade. All over the slope where our batteries were across the val- ley and up toward the battalion P. C.'s they plastered their rain of shells. It seemed impossible that 198 no one was being hit, but, at the aid stations the surgeons waited in vain for any reports of trouble. After about a half hour the shelling ceased, and then began the answering barrage from the American big guns. Heavier and heavier grew the fire, with ever-increasing intensity as more and more batteries let loose their awful roar. The air shook with the concussion, the hills seemed to rock, and the sky for miles around was lit by the flashes that belched from the mouths of a thousand cannon. So mighty was the volume of sound that when, at 3 130, our own little guns joined in with their vicious bark, men back on the hill behind them could not tell when their fire began. Yet without doubt the Germans knew ! Every gun had its definite target, and by accurate registering the previous day each battery commander had been able to calculate perfectly his range and direction. One platoon was sweeping back and forth along a road which the Boche must use to shift their troops. Another was pouring its rain of death into a wood where Huns were camped. Another was smothering a trench where machine gunners were hidden, while a fourth was blast- ing to pieces an infantry battalion's P. C. There was not a gun in the whole vast array but had its definite part in turn- ing the enemy's lines into a living hell. Five-thirty came, and as the infantry went over the top, our fire increased in its intensity. Day was breaking, but a heavy mist obscured the scene so that we could not tell just what was going on. Moreover, our own infantry, it will be remembered, were considerably to our left, quite out of our line of vision, so that we were compelled to wait impatiently for news of their progress. By 7:30, groups of Boche prisoners began to appear, driven along by Marines. The latter were on the right of the 80th Division and they seemed to be living up to their reputation. All day, in gradually increasing numbers, their captives marched past our positions. Some one counted those that went by along one road: there were fifteen hundred and sixty-three. We went out and spoke with some of them as they halted at a crossroad. A miserable lot they were, for the most part, pale and worn and dirty, and apparently glad to be out of the fight. "When do you think the war will end?" we asked several. "In about a week," was the usual reply. Now and then an officer marched, grim and defiant, with his men. One of these was standing by while the privates were hustled into a truck to be taken to the rear. "Now then, you get aboard," ordered the driver when the men were all in. The officer started to climb up into the seat. "No, not here. Get in with the rest," said the driver. "Do you mean to say," said the officer, in perfect English, "that you expect an officer to ride with privates?" "O, so that's bothering you, is it? We'll soon fix that." Ripping out his knife, he cut the shoulder straps from the officer's uni- form. "Now," said he, "you're a private. age by this time had slackened and finally died out altogether and there was nothing for the batteries to do but wait. The hours dragged by inter- minably with no news from the front. At last, how- ever, the Second Battalion received the order to ad- vance. The pursuit was on! Moving off to the left, our batteries proceeded to Doughboy Bringing in Boche 200 St. Juvin. There they were told that the infantry, meeting with a withering fire from the machine guns at Champigneulle, had failed to take the town, and it was necessary to halt for the night. The next morning, however, the doughboys re- newed their attack and rushed the Hun defenses, and Major Devereux's battalion following as closely as possible, pushed ahead and came that night to Verpel. Meantime the First Battalion, still commanded in Major Sanders' absence by Captain Hervey Perrin, had received orders to advance, and pulling out their guns they started forward on the afternoon of November 2nd. The battalion and bat- tery commanders rode ahead to locate the infan- try and to find suitable po- sitions for the guns, leav- ing guides at the various crossroads to pilot the batteries as they came along. By the time the guns were on the road if seemed as though the whole American Ex- peditionary Force had crowded into our sector in a mad rush to overtake the fleeing Huns. The few roads leading north were literally jammed with troops and trains. There were huge trucks, piled high with ammuni- A Miserable Lot They Were 201 Supply Wagon Under Fire tion and supplies, snorting through the mud and trying desper- ately to avoid the shell holes and ditches that hampered their progress. Now and then one would get stuck, and the entire column, reaching back for miles, would be blocked. Chains, ropes, horses and man-power would be applied in an endeavor to persuade it to move ; and then, if no other means could succeed in re- moving the vehicle, a hundred men would lay violent hands on it and heave it over bodily into the ditch. Amid the shouts of men, the creaking and rumbling of wheels and the purring of motors, the endless procession would start again, only to be halted a few rods farther on by some other acci- dent. Long lines of escort wagons, with their prairie schooner tops, bumped over the rutted roads. The drivers, from their lofty seats, coaxing and cursing by turns, urged on the long- suffering mules that strained at the traces. Horse-drawn wagons, too, were crowding along with the rest, — ration carts, limbers, water carts, baggage wagons, fourgons and blacksmith carts, in endless profusion; but always the great army escort wagons loomed above the rest, giving the column the pic- turesque appearance of an emigrant train in the early days of the western plains in America. Here would be a vehicle one of whose wheels had caved in — probably a fourgon, for those French wheels were notoriously weak — tilted at an angle which prevented any team from passing. If it could not be mended, or if no extra. 202 wheel was available, it would share the fate of the truck and be thrown into the ditch. Yonder could be seen an emaciated horse that had given way under the strain. There was no time to waste over him! If he could stand, he would be unhitched and led oft" the road, and put under the care of some disgusted soldier. If the horse were completely exhausted, he would be dragged to one side and shot, and once more the column would move forward. There were little two-wheeled machine gun carts, each drawn by one quick-stepping mule. There were rolling kitchens that rattled and banged over the rough roads. There were despatch bearers on motor cycles threading their way through the traffic, singly mounted riders trying to get ahead, and irate generals in automobiles, impatient at the de- lays. There were batteries of artillery struggling to move forward where they could go into firing positions, — light field pieces like our own, their cannoneers trudging along, wearHy carrying their packs so as to save the horses, and huge rifles and howitzers that lumbered behind the coughing, panting tractors which pulled them. All mixed in with the vehicles, sometimes walking alongside, often taking to the fields to escape the mire and confusion of the roads (and finding it just as muddy there as everywhere The Roads were Jammed with Troops and Trains 203 else), marched the infantry. With packs on their backs and rifles in their hands, with hatchets and shovels and trench knives and bayonets hampering their movements, that con- tinuous stream of doughboys toiled along, weary and footsore, in a kind of dumb, uncomprehending monotony of effort. In the fields as they passed sprawled the dead, both Ger- mans and Americans, who had fallen in the previous day's fighting. Here and there a shattered wagon lay, its load strewn about in disorder, its horses and driver lying where they had fallen, in a pool of blood — a sickening tribute to the accuracy of some American gun crew. Frequently at the crest of a hill would stand one or two deserted German cannon, whose crews had worked them until the last, and then had fled or been captured. Nearby, and at every available place, lay huge piles of empty shells and un- used ammunition. All along by the road lay the stuff which had been thrown away by pursuer and pursued to make travel easier: helmets, rifles, packs, blankets, shovels, overcoats, pistols, harness, cartridge belts, saddles, reels of telephone wire, canned food, mess kits, shoes, — everything that could possibly be discarded was strewn about in wild disorder. . The villages through which we passed were mere skeletons. Pounded by shells and gutted by fire, their streets a labyrinth of mine craters and wreckage, they added but one more detail to the vivid picture which stamped itself on every man's memory. Through such scenes and in the midst of that vast throng our regiment made its way on that memorable second day of November. The batteries which got farthest ahead and fol- lowed closely on the heels of the infantry escaped some of the traffic confusion, but for about six days the bulk of the regi- ment forced its way along in the thick of the turmoil. When it is remembered that the supply companies and the ammuni- tion trains had to bring every ounce of food and every round 204 ^ PIRATE PIECE IN ACTION of ammunition forward to the men in the front lines, take their wagons back again and repeat the whole trip day after day, the wonder grows that we had anything to eat or to shoot. On the night of November 2nd the First Battalion over- took the Second at Verpel. They had had a long, hard march of some fifteen kilometers, most of it in a drizzling rain. The battery commanders, who had gone ahead with Captain Perrin to reconnoiter, spent some anxious hours of waiting in Verpel before the batteries arrived, for the roads were being shelled, and the town itself was under fire. But at length, long past midnight, the last battery pulled in and camped in the muddy fields just outside of the village. The next morning we were all astounded by an unheard-of order from the Brigade commander; on account of the short- age of horses, one battalion in each regiment was to be de- mobilized, in order that the other might have the animals needed! Major Devereux, being for the present the senior battalion commander, was given the privilege of taking his batteries forward as the pursuit battalion, and he was presently on his way, reenforced with a new equipment of horses and one extra gun, under Lieutenant Graham, of C Battery. Re- luctantly Captain Lyman, Captain Doyle, and Captain Bacon parked their guns in Verpel, and settled down with their men to that most difficult of all tasks — doing nothing! Meanwhile Colonel McCleave, with his staff and the head- quarters detachment of telephone and radio men, orderlies, runners, and a cook or two, and Major Devereux with his three batteries, "started (as Lieutenant Welling's song has it) hell- for-leather riding over France." Each day a new P. C. was established, as close as possible to the advancing infantry lines, in order that we might keep con- stantly informed of their exact positions and the location of the enemy's points of resistance on which we were to fire. At one place, La Besace, our headquarters were in the town be- 205 fore it was really in possession of American troops. Going forward in the morning to reconnoiter, Colonel McCleave and Captain Martin had found the bridge across a stream de- stroyed, and had been obliged to leave their car and walk to- ward the town. Finding that the infantry had not yet taken it, they returned. In the afternoon the colonel with several of his staff proceeded by another route, but coming to a place where the road had been blown up, Colonel McCleave got out, and taking with him Major Sanders and Captain Kempner, walked into the town while Captain Martin and Lieutenant Cunningham, with one messenger, went back with Corporal Moran, the chauffeur, to find a road by which the guns could be brought up. They were caught under shellfire, during which Corporal Moran showed his nerve by remaining in the car — the most dangerous place conceivable — while the officers continued their reconnaissance on foot. By evening practically the whole staff was in Besace, and a P. C. was established while enemy machine gun bullets were still whistling through the streets. The main firing batteries never got quite so near, but they were continually on the move, and frequently went into posi- tion very close behind the infantry's front. Fortunately they were not often shelled. The Boche was so busy withdrawing his artillery that he used but few of his guns. Every after- noon he would open fire on crossroads, bridges and suspected gun positions, and several times we had occasion to realize that our enemy still knew how to shoot. But by midnight his guns would be silent, and we would know that he was with- drawing again, and that our guns would presently have to be advanced in order to keep him within range. Lieutenant Graham and Lieutenant McDougall, however, with their forward pieces, had to keep right up with the in- fantry itself. The former had relieved Lieutenant McVaugh when the First Battalion was demobilized at Verpel ; but Lieu- 206 tenant McDougall had been on this difficult duty ever since the night of October 31st, and had already taken part in sev- eral attacks and had suffered one or two casualties. In the assault on Champigneulle he had fired, with open sights, about a hundred rounds into the Germans in the town. On November 4th, he was with an infantry battalion com- mander, Captain Newcomb, on a hill near St. Pierremont. The infantry and some machine gunners were deployed in funk holes along the side of the hill. From the opposing hills to the north the Germans were pouring a heavy machine gun fire toward them, and for the infantry to cross the valley for a frontal attack was out of the question. Captain Xewcomb said that several companies were attacking the Germans' hill from the east and west, and suggested that if Lieutenant Mc- Dougall could drop some shrapnel into the woods it might shut off some of the machine gun fire and enable him to advance. Apparently the only way to accomplish this was to take the gun around the left end of the hill, right out in the open in front of the American lines. This Lieutenant McDougall did. Driving around the shoulder of the hill he moved across an open field and, get- ting the gun into position, opened fire directly on the Boche lines before him. It was a daring move, and it might have succeeded had not a German battery on the left suddenly begun to fire on McDougall's gun. Evidently he was at the point of a salient protruding into the enemy's lines. Looking in the direc- tion from which the fire came, and seeing the flash of a gun, he quickly or- dered the gunner to shift This Lieutenant McDougall Did 207 his aim and lay the piece on the spot where the Boche battery was located. He was just about to fire when a shell burst close by, dropping- three of the crew. The shelling was now so heavy that it was useless to try to do anything further, and our men were ordered to retire with their wounded to the cover of the woods. All three men were badly hurt, but only two could be carried at once. There was no time to discrim- inate. Privates Clark and Schoenberg were picked up and borne away, and Capasso was left for the second trip. It looked like certain death for any one to go back to where he lay, for the Germans had calculated the range perfectly and shell after shell was dropping within a few feet of him. Two men volunteered — Corporal and Private Fromm — and with splendid heroism they ran out boldly, picked up their fallen comrade, and brought him safely back. He had not suffered any further injuries, but the original wound was mortal, and Capasso died that afternoon at the' first aid station. Meantime our main batteries had opened fire on the Huns, and in a short while their guns were silenced and the hill was taken. When Lieutenant McDougall went back for his piece he found both gun and caisson hopelessly smashed. During - the advance through this region we had begun to meet French civil- ians, released after four years of virtual captivity within the German lines. Some had been living in their homes in the villages all dur- ing the enemy occupation, en- during" the tyranny of an un- feeling and brutal invader. Others had been carried away early in the war to the region Middle Aged People Grown Old and Haggard 208 around Sedan and kept there as laborers until the approach of the American army, when they had been sent forward to where the rear guards were fighting and then left behind when the Boche retreated, with white flags flying from the housetops to $7 iltPl-,- - Released After Four Years of Captivity announce their presence. They were a pitiful lot : old men and wi mien who had seen their precious property seized and de- stroyed; middle aged people grown old and haggard from terror and hardship ; young girls who were soon to become the mothers of children begotten by German fathers, and little boys and girls who had been denied the rightful joys of home and childhood. They appeared dazed by the sudden change when they found themselves among friends. Some of them wrung our hands with delirious joy as we entered their towns. Some talked freely of their experiences and expressed their opinion of the Boche in no uncertain terms. Many dug into their scanty stores and brought food and hot coffee to the men 209 who dropped into their houses. Others there were who could do nothing except stand in their doorways and look on in dumb amazement as the Americans poured through the streets. The German retreat had now taken an easterly direction, and on November 6th, closely followed by the whole American First Army, they withdrew across the River Meuse. The 77th Division pushed right up to the west bank of the river, and the 153rd Brigade in front of our regiment established itself in the vicinity of Autrecourt. Our headquarters accordingly moved to Raucourt, where they were bothered every night by a harassing fire from the long range guns across the river. One shell crashed through the roof of the house where our men were billeted, and it was indeed fortunate that none of them were there at the time. Our French interpreter on one occasion took to the cellar during a bombardment, and when he went back to his room he found the whole wall of the house piled up on his bed. The firing batteries passed around Raucourt and took up their position on the high hills be- hind Autrecourt, overlook- ing the Meuse valley. With admirable liaison estab- lished with the infan- try, they did effect- ive work in demol- ishing dugouts and trenches across the river. The two forward pieces, one still under Lieutenant Gra- Dazed by the Sudden Change ham and the 210 other under Lieutenant Richard from D Battery, were located well down toward the foot of the forward slope, where they fired directly on the German positions. By this time rumors began to reach us concerning a new German appeal for an armistice. We had been misled so often that for a time we gave no credence to these reports, but on Saturday, November 9th, word was handed down officially that a German commission had actually had an interview with Marshal Foch and had received at his hands the Allies' terms, and that their answer was due in a very short while. Far from slowing up the Americans' efforts, this news served only to make the men more eager to deliver all the blows they could, in order to make the final catastrophe as complete as possible. On the afternoon of the 10th, our guns, directed by Cap- tain Kempner, and Lieutenants Graham and Tunney, who were in an observation post with the German lines in full view, fired round after round of high explosive shell into a series of Boche trenches. Those who were observing could see that the Huns were much disconcerted, for pandemonium reigned, and the Boche could be seen running about and ducking for cover in all directions. But the final stroke of artillery genius ( at least, so the in- fantry believed) was made late that afternoon by Lieutenant Richard. He had been relieved from his for- ward position, and was back again with D Battery, when the telephone buzzed. Captain Bateson was on the wire. "Richard," he said, "I've got a job for you. The infantry re- { ports a German dugout located iy_vi across the river, with smoke com- ~~- ing out of a stove pipe. They want it demolished." Talked of Their Experiences 211 "Have you got the coordinates?" asked the lieuten- ant. "That's just it," replied Captain Bateson. "They want us to put down this fire, but they could only give us the hecto- metric coordinates (i. e., approximate location) of the posi- tion. I told them we'd fire four shots. They could observe the fire, and if they thought it was worth while we would con- tinue. They cautioned me to be careful, because the place is pretty close to their own lines." Lieutenant Richard took down the coordinates. "All right," he said. "I'll figure my data and then add a couple of hundred meters to the range for safety!" Presently four shots rang out. Then there was a few minutes' silence, while Captain Bateson awaited the infantry's report. "I don't believe they can see anything," he said. "It's almost dark." Just then the telephone rang. It was the infantry head- quarters. "What did you see?" asked Captain Bateson. "Here is the observer's report," was the reply: "one direct hit, one ten meters left, one a trifle to the right, and one just over. Please continue the fire !" Fifteen rounds were promptly pumped into that dugout, and although the darkness prevented further observation, we had the satisfaction of knowing that these, our last shots of the war, had convinced the infantry that their supporting artillery knew how to shoot. On Sunday evening, November ioth, there was heavy can- nonading away off to the right, but at our own gun positions it seemed strangely quiet. An occasional whizz-bang came over, and we could hear the "Bow !" as the German gun fired, then the short, wild shriek of that peculiar shell as it rushed over our heads, and finally the "Bloom!" of the projectile's burst somewhere behind us in the valley. Aside from that, the night was very still. After supper the men of the battalion headquarters detail gathered for a service in the center of their little encamp- ment. They sat on a huge log, and some of the officers brought chairs and joined the gathering. There in the darkness, while the Chaplain recited some Scripture and offered prayer and gave a brief talk, there was an atmosphere of peace which in an undefined way prepared men's minds for the present cessa- tion of war. Monday morning came, and while preparations for the usual activities were under way, we wondered vaguely what was taking place at the headquarters of the Supreme Allied Com- mand. The most credible rumor was that the Germans were to reply on that day to the terms which had been offered them, and most men believed that the end was near. Then suddenly the telephone buzzed in the Major's P. -C. Captain Bateson took down the receiver. "Captain Martin? . . . Yes. . . . Yes. ... All right." He turned to the group of officers standing about, and in a matter-of-fact voice announced, "By command of Marshal Foch, all hostilities on this front will cease at n a. m. to-day." The war was over! CHAPTER XIII AFTER THE ARMISTICE At first we could not believe that the great task was finished. Somehow it was impossible to realize that the proud enemy, who for more than four years had overrun all Europe and set at defiance practically all the armies of the civilized world, had laid down his arms. The news spread rapidly among the batteries, and while there was a feeling of universal relief, there was little exuberance of joy such as might have been expected. Officers and men discussed the situation, and some doubts were expressed as to whether this were not, after all, only a temporary suspension of hostilities. Down in Raucourt, however, there was a holiday atmosphere abroad. The streets were thronged with soldiers, walking about and talking in groups. Presently a band struck up, and with colors flying marched past our headquarters to the town hall. There the French and American flags were hoisted, and while soldiers of both armies stood at attention and the few civilians bared their heads, the band played "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "La Marseillaise." The people most moved were the French civilians. All along our line of march during that. last drive we had met these released captives in the villages and on the roads, and as soon as the fighting ceased more and more of them ap- 214 peared from nowhere as if by magic. Old folks with bent backs and slow of foot and young mothers with their children were pushing in wheelbarrows or carrying on their backs all that was left of their earthly possessions. They wanted to go back to their old homes and start again to build their lives on the pitiful ruin that was left them, ready to eke out a pre- carious existence in that land of wasted fields and desolate villages, if only they could be left alone. On Tuesday, November 12th, a genial French commandant arrived with his battalion to take over our positions, and that afternoon our whole artillery brigade was on the road that In Raucourt There Was a Holiday Atmosphere Abroad 2 *5 led southward, away from the front, on the first stage of what we all believed to be the journey toward home! We went back along- the same route we had traveled be- fore. The traffic congestion was as bad as ever, and the mud was just as deep; but how different were the circumstances of that march! Were we held up at a crossroad? There would be impatience about getting ahead and reaching the end of the hike, but there was none of that desperate fear lest, if we did not move on, the Germans might open fire on us. Was there a jam in the darkness? Hitherto no lights had ever been per- mitted on the roads or in camps, but now a dozen flashlights gleamed and the trouble was soon located. Were there shell holes which threatened the safety of the trucks? Headlights were switched on and the whole road was illuminated. And wherever the regiment encamped there blazed great roaring fires around which the men gathered to warm themselves and to dry their clothes. Our first stop was at Sommauthe, where, in the empty houses, sheds and stables, the men were billeted. The First Battalion, which had moved forward from Verpel in order to get nearer their source of sup- plies, had taken up their abode at a large farm not far from the town, so that the whole regiment was once more united, and we were looking forward to a congenial time. But within a day or two the Second Battalion was pr- All Their Belongings on Their Backs dered to proceed to a front 2l6 line position to the east near Stenay, and there for nearly a week they lived once more under what would have been battle conditions if there had been a renewal of hostilities. Even- tually, however, they were brought back, and presently the whole regiment moved southward to the little town of Briquenay. Just before leaving Sommauthe we were joined by a new regi- mental commander. Colonel Cop- ley Enos. A West Point graduate and an old cavalry officer, he had been with an artillery regiment in training when he was sent to take command of the 304th. The or- der assigning him had reached us on November 4th, while we were in the midst of our mad pursuit of the retreating Huns. For a while we had vaguely expected him, but inasmuch as he had not appeared we thought that he was probably not coming. He him- self, however, did not receive the order until after the armistice, and he made what speed he could in getting to us, and finally ar- rived on November 20th. It seemed a little hard on Lieutenant- Colonel McCleave, who had led the regiment through two months of hard fighting, to have an officer who ranked him come and assume command when the war was all over ; but he showed a fine spirit, and Colonel Enos was soon at home with his new regiment. Of Colonel McCleave we saw but little after that, for he went away shortly on sick leave and was gone for several weeks. He rejoined the regiment for a while later on, but on January 21, 1919, he was transferred as an instructor to the Field 217 Col. Copley Enos Artillery School at Valdahon, and we were obliged to part for good with the officer who had brought us successfully through the great Argonne-Meuse campaign. Meanwhile all our horses, except the few absolutely neces- sary to move the rolling stock, had been turned over to the 12th Field Artillery as the lat- ter proceeded on its way to join the Army of Oc- cupation. The Band, re- leased at last from stable duty, went to work at making music, and every one enjoyed their con- certs. Musician Stange, who already had a good Aubepierre quartet that had been singing together since the days on the Vesle, gathered in more singers from other organizations and soon had a glee club that was in constant demand. Thanksgiving found us still in Briquenay, and preparations were made to celebrate. Captain Ewell took a truck to Cha- lons and brought back a supply of veal and lamb — a welcome change from the everlasting army beef — and with various extras secured by numerous foraging parties, the mess ser- geants cooked up splendid dinners. There was a service of Thanksgiving held in the church that morning which was at- tended by as many men as could crowd into the building, and then each organization celebrated the day in its own way. It is safe to say that the band and the Glee Club ate more dinners that day than they had ever eaten in one day before, for they were welcome guests at every entertainment. Soon after this, the order came to move the 77th Division to the Ninth Training Area, with headquarters at Chateau- Villain, a few miles south of the American General Head- quarters in Chaumont. The 304th was to entrain at Autry, a 218 little town on the western edge of the Argonne, near where some of our hardest fighting had taken place. After a billet- ing officer had been despatched to arrange for lodging the troops in the new area, the regiment started to move on De- cember 2nd. The guns and baggage, which had been kept at the now historic village of Grand Pre, were hauled to the rail- head by trucks, and the men marched on foot. At Autry both officers and men were piled into American freight cars and shipped to Latrecy, where they detrained on December 3rd after an uneventful journey. The atmosphere, ever since the armistice, had been sur- charged with rumors about going home. We were to be home by Christmas; we were to sail on December 14th; we were to go about the first of January; we were not to stop at the training area at all, but go straight to Bordeaux and embark at once. There was no end to either the number or the in- genuity of these reports which circulated at their face value among the men. When the regiment detrained at Latrecy and marched to the villages where we were to be billeted, there seemed to be ominous preparations for a prolonged stay. Nevertheless, during the whole time of our occupation of that area, we lived from day to day on "the latest rumor,'' and the constant rising and falling of spirits with the waxing and waning of every report created an atmosphere of uncertainty and discontent which was hard to combat. Two villages were as- signed to the 304th. Regimental headquarters was established in Aube- pierre, a little town of several hundred inhabi- tants lying in a fertile part of the valley of the 219 Captain Lyman Aube. It was a quaint little place, built mostly along a single street. The billets were fairly comfortable, the inhabitants were hospitable, and had it not been for the overwhelming desire to get home, the men would have been very happy there. The Headquarters and Supply Companies were among the or- ganizations assigned to the town, together with Batteries A, B, C, and F, and with Major Sanders' headquarters. Lisrierolles The rest of the regiment, including Batteries D and E and Major Devereux's headquarters, were stationed at Lignerol- les, a smaller village about five kilometers away. This was also on a little stream, but because the town was built with more open spaces and not crowded all on one or two streets, it was freer from the mud with which Aubepierre was always filled. There was some question as to just what the term "training area" might mean. We knew that during the war troops had been instructed there, but what had .that to do with an outfit that was through with fighting and ready for demobilization? 220 We were soon to know, for the higher command issued an elaborate training schedule. Drills every morning, radio and telephone schools, equitation (enough new horses had been is- sued to equip one battery at a time for drill purposes), sig- Built with More Open Spaces naling, observation, map reading, and maneuvers, in which we attacked imaginary forces of the enemy and wrested from them farms and villages. New methods of liaison were evolved, and every one was schooled in the various means of communication between infantry and artillery, and between the commanding officers of all the units involved in military opera- tions. "The axis of liaison" be- came a by-word among officers and men. Just what it all signi- fied no one could tell. There was more truth than poetry in the joke perpetrated in B Battery's min- ^jf^^v:^ : *s*^X Strel show: Captairi Bateson 22 I "Say, Mr. Interlocutor, can you tell me what in the world all dis yere drillin' is for?" "Why, yes. It's a sort o' hardenin' process. It gets harder and harder every day for the officers to know what it's all about." Meanwhile Christmas was drawing near, and with no pros- pects of spending it at home, we set about making the most of it over in France. A check for two thousand dollars from the Regimental Association in New York opened alluring pros- pects of a glorious dinner, and a council of officers decided that nothing would contribute more to the atmosphere of Christmas than some turkey. It was very expensive, but money was the least of our worries just then, and we sent to Langres and or- dered enough turkey and goose for the whole regiment — a pound to a man. Then, to keep alive the childhood spirit, as well as to show our appreciation of the hospitality of the townspeople, it was arranged that all the children of the two villages should be en- tertained. Through the efforts of Mr. Newberry, two Santa Claus outfits were procured, and enough toys and knick-knacks to provide every child with some sort of gift. On the 23rd, we borrowed two little Ford trucks and sent them to Dijon to get the turkeys which the dealers in Langres had ordered for us. When they arrived, and the mess ser- geants gathered to see that their organizations received a full allotment, it was discovered that the birds had been packed without being cleaned and without waiting for them to cool off, and the result was that nine-tenths of them were not fit to eat ! In spite of the gloom which was cast by this misfortune, the men did their best to make the children's parties a success. In Lignerolles, the celebration took place on Christmas morn- ing. The band was imported for the occasion, and as it came into the town, an impromptu procession formed, headed by Santa Claus in full regalia, with all the children and all the soldiers in town following. They marched to the mess hall, where a beautiful tree was decorated and aglow with candles, and there the presents were given out to the youngsters. In Aubepierre there was no place where all could assemble at once, so the children were divided up among the various or- ganizations. Each one in turn had the use of the Y. M. C. A. hut with its Christmas tree and Santa Claus costume, and each in turn not only gave presents to the children, but entertained them and their parents with songs and recitations. Battery C alone was absent on Christmas day. They had been chosen to represent the artillery of the 77th Division in the grand review held for President Wilson near Langres. When the day arrived, it was too muddy on the review ground to have the guns parade, but they had the honor of firing the salute of twenty-one guns when the President, accompanied by General Pershing and various other notables, arrived on the field. This event brought forth a song, written by Corporal Beveridge, which the battery sang when it returned to Aube- pierre: Battery C boys, Battery C boys ! We never had a chance to see Paree. It was hike, hike, hike, and fire awhile, Then make up your packs and hike another mile. Battery C boys, Battery C boys ! We'll soon be going home across the sea. Although we never had a chance to see Paree, To have some fun and get run in by some M. P., President Wilson heard our guns, that's good enough for me ! Battery C boys, Battery C^ boys, Oh, the Hoboken pier is where we want to be ! Yearning for Home 223 'mB A Monster Minstrel S'how This was the season for new songs, and every event which happened produced one. Especially was this true among the' officers, who all ate together in the little hotel and sang on all occasions. Was some one reported for overstaying his leave in Paris ? Promptly a song commemorated the event. Was a battery commander taken to task for leading his men into a field where winter wheat was sprouting? That evening the story was told in song. The little waitress, Louise, who, oc- casionally assisted by her small sister, but usually alone, served all those tables full of officers, added much to the enjoyment of everybody by her unfailing brightness and naive sense of fun. She, too, was immortalized in song: I want to go home, I want to go home ! The children and chickens get under your feet, The cows go strolling all over the street ; The mud is almost to your knees, And the only bright spot is Louise ! I'm too young to drown in this hell of a town, I want to go home! When it came to furnishing entertainment for the men, there 224 was considerable difficulty. For a long time we could get no piano. Then, when we did succeed in borrowing one, the owner presently discovered that the case was getting banged up and the keys were all out of tune, and he took it back to his house, only to be loaned on special occasions. Then 'the Glee Club, eight of whom had gone on leave together, taking along Corporal Hagan, of Battery F, one of our few star pianists, were detained at Aix-les-Bains to amuse the sol- diers, and we had to get along without them for a solid month. While they were gone G. H. Q. sent down a special order for Bugler Reed, of C Battery, our versatile and inex- haustible accompanist, and he departed to play for them there. Nevertheless some clever shows were pro- duced. Battery F led off with an admirable vaudeville per- formance, featuring original battery songs. Then Headquar- ters Company went still further and put on a pro- gram which included a one-act skit, all in costume. These two had the advan- tage of the Glee Club's presence, but after the singers had gone, B Bat- tery, not to be outdone, got up a monster minstrel show — one act of straight minstrels, with a costumed chorus of twenty-eight men, followed by a scream- ingly funny courtroom 225 Out of Drill Hours scene, in which the "specialties" were introduced as prisoners. By that time we had a piano, and, more Chateau Vauloge than that, an orchestra. "Tobacco money" from the Associa- tion had been diverted to buying violins and music, and twelve musicians, under the leadership of Cor- poral (afterward Sergeant) Hahn, of the band, added immensely to the effect of the show. Besides these more elabo- rate performances, there were boxing contests and amateur nights, and what- ever entertainments could be thought up by the ingen- ious mind of Private Hicks, of Headquarters Company, who had been detailed as master show- man. A Corner of the Chateau 226 In Lignerolles the proposition was more difficult. They had no piano, no electric lights (there was a scarcity even of can- dles), and, until rather late in the game, no hall except the tiny village school house. For a while the men made few attempts to get up entertainments. There was a christening, at which Sergeant Pons of D Battery- stood as godfather to a French baby, and, with the band, and speeches, and a gift to the in- fant, this was made an affair of some importance. But aside from that, and one or two small "battery nights," nothing much was done until B Battery's minstrels were invited to come over. Then a half-empty barrack was turned into a theater, a stage- was built, curtains hung, a pit dug for the orchestra, dressing rooms provided, and presently a splendid entertainment hall was ready. While they were waiting for B Battery to come over, they put on a minstrel show themselves, borrowing the Aubepierre piano for the occasion, and proved that there was plenty of talent in D and E. All these efforts were made at entertainment because it was absolutely necessary to give the men something to do and some- where to go out of drill hours. Every one was yearn- ing for home, and the morale of the troops, while it kept up to a surprisingly high level, was hanging by a thread, and no one wanted to see that thread break. At the beginning of January, evening classes were estab- lished in English, arithmetic, French, civics and history. The men re- sponded well at first, but they soon Ferce grew tired of it, and the classes 227 dwindled down to a faithful few who were really bent on learning something as well as on passing the time. At last, about the middle of Janu- ary, after a long period when men fed their starving hopes on the most fantastic rumors, the order came to prepare all the materiel for the inspectors and have it in shape to turn in. This was glorious news, and the men worked with enthusiasm. It may be said right here that the inspector who looked over the ordnance af- firmed that, in twenty-one years' experience, he had never seen materiel in such splendid condition. Other inspectors, too, spoke well of the regiment. One from the First Army head- quarters, who had gone carefully over both the towns, looked at billets, mess halls, kitchens, offices, and sizing up the whole appearance of the men, both on parade and about the streets, said in his report: "No comments except favorable. This organization is rated very high at these headquarters." While preparations for departure were at their height, word came that General McCloskey, who had been in command of the brigade ever since we left Baccarat, had been ordered to the German frontier to command the artillery of the 2nd Division. During the fighting the men had seen but little of the general, and had known him chiefly as the mysterious authority who controlled all their operations ; but since the end of the war his frequent visits had revealed him as a genial and kindly officer who was intensely interested in the activities, the comfort and welfare of his troops. This impres- sion was confirmed when, on the eve of his going, he came to bid us farewell. Instead of having the regiments assembled at some place convenient for him, General McCloskey visited each town where his men were quartered, and with a few 228 words of appreciation for the work they had done, read them the following order which he had just issued: HEADQUARTERS 152ND BRIGADE FIELD ARTILLERY AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES _ -. 5th February 1019. General Order No. 1 In relinquishing command of the 152nd Field Artillery Brigade, the Brigade Commander desires to publish in orders his appreciation of the work done by its members. Entering the service at Camp Upton, drilling for weeks without guns, caissons or horses, you applied yourselves with a determination to do well which boded ill for the Boche. At Camp de Souge, your work won the merited praise of your French instructors. In the quiet of the Baccarat sector you learned the whistle of hostile shell. But it was in the Vesle that you received your baptism of fire and your reply showed the Boche that here was a foe to be reckoned with, In that long march from the Vesle to the Argonne, with sleepless nights and long distances, you acted like veterans and won the praise of French and Americans who saw you. On September 24th you entered the great Argonne forest which for four years had belonged to the Boche. And here, regardless of privations and discomforts, un- mindful of personal danger, you manned your guns and gave the death blow to the Kaiser's ambi- tions. From August 2nd when you left the Baccarat sector until No- vember nth when the Armistice was effective, you marched over- land 340 kilometers, gained 78 kilometers from the enemy in battle and had only five days of so-called rest. This is indeed a record to be proud of. But to it, there must be added the praise which Brigade, Division, Corps and Army Commanders have given you. No matter where the Infantry was, you al- 229 A Brigade Dance ways had guns in position to fire in front of them and there was always plenty of ammunition close at hand. The accuracy of your fire and cleverness in moving your guns were visible to all, but behind this, your Brigade Commander saw the hardships, the difficulties and the sources of worry which confronted you. All these, however, you overcame because you were determined to win. With a full appreciation of this, your Brigade Commander congratulates you on your glorious accomplishment and your magnificent spirit. To have commanded you through this victorious career is, indeed, an honor and a privilege. Manus McCloskey, Brigadier General U. S. A., Commanding. Meanwhile we were gradually getting rid of our equipment. First the guns and caissons were hauled away; then the wagons, and last of all the horses. How the men did bless the day when those animals were led away ! Finally, after the regiment was stripped down to the bare office equipment and the personal belongings of the officers and men, came the order to move. On February 8th the regiment said good-by to Aubepierre and Lignerolles and marched to Latrecy, where they boarded a train for the embarkation center at Le Mans. 230 CHAPTER XIV HOMEWARD BOUND That was a frightful journey from Latrecy to the Le Mans area. The weather was horribly cold, and the men were packed closely in freight cars where, if they tried to have ventilation, they froze, and if they went without fresh air they coughed and sneezed in each other's faces. Influenza was rampant when the end of the journey was reached, and the ambulances were kept busy for some days taking" men to the hospital, where several of them developed pneumonia and died. It seemed a shame to have to travel under such conditions, and yet every one knew that the transportation was the best available, and though they grumbled the men "bore it with a patient shrug," glad to en- dure almost anything so long as they were going toward home. It had been fully expected that the 77th Division would em- bark early in March. In fact, it had been officially announced in New York that the date for sailing was fixed as March 5th. But necessary repairs to some of the largest transports, in- cluding our old friend Leviathan, had delayed the troop movements, and we were obliged to settle down to another try- ing period of uncertain waiting. February dragged by and March came on apace, but no news of departure was forth- coming. The divisions which were to proceed us were still 231 awaiting their turn, and disconcerting rumors of further in- definite delays did their best to dampen the men's spirits. Moreover, the regiment was now scattered as it had never been scattered before. The Colonel and his staff and Battery :fl Market Day in La Suze B were quartered in the Chateau Vauloge; about a mile away, in the village of Ferce, were Headquarters and Supply Com- panies and Battery F ; a half a mile to the east was Battery D, in another chateau; Battery E was sent to a holding camp in La Suze, a mile or two farther on, to work on the roads ; while in the opposite direction, four miles to the west of Ferce, were Batteries A and C in the village of Pirmil. There were no entertainment halls, no pianos, no anything, except that in 232 Ferce and Pirmil were small rooms where the Y. M. C. A. had maintained canteens for the casual troops who had preceded us. Nevertheless, with the prospect of a de- parture for America which was eventual if not immediate, the men took things as they found them and, backed by their from Colonel Enos down, (not to the enthusiastic new brigade corn- General Glassford), they did their make the time pass as quickly and as possible. LEONARU SOMM The schedule or- the division corn- now provided for ing the morning of movement was that the units should ance on their return officers mention m ander, utmost to as happily LOUIS CANAflARE dered by mander close order drills dur- hours and every form worked over in order make a good appear- to the United States. The afternoons were devoted to athletics. There were splendid fields avail- able, and games of baseball, soc- cer, basketball, and all forms of 'fONY ilMflY HAfrAK 233 HAN FT more outdoor sports were of daily occurrence. The question of entertainments was made a matter of military concern, with the idea of having something doing on every night to which the men could go. By hook or by crook, shacks, halls or tents were pro- while the ideal of nightly shows tained, the men were amused ested fairly well. General persuaded a French Count to chateau for a brig- The Glee Club was overtime, and the playing than it had A piano was bought "tobacco money" -IbKMOTT ,<£. vided, and was not at- and inter- Glass ford open his ade dance, worked band did ever done before, (this also from the sent by the home the orchestra blos- along the music of that was produced, strels were called upon at first, i ous modifications the show was whole or in part on several oc- tery A produced a two-act musi- titled "Here and KiNfr" alcohol. There" which Aibert wtner ^$?\ Association), and somed forth to help every show tery's Min- and with vari- repeated in casions. Bat- cal skit en- fe^JT? showed great orig- ' '-- inality and unearthed a lot of hitherto un- discovered talent. They gave several performances in Ferce, and another for 234 the 306 F. A. in Noyen, where the show was enthusiastically received. The most elaborate spectacle was ''Major Sanders' Pageant." During the entire month of March Pirmil was the scene of ex- traordinary activity. Sheets of tin, salvaged from packing cases, were being cut into odd shapes for mak- ing coats of mail ; women were sew- ing madly on fancy costumes of all colors; the battalion P. C. was transformed into a millinery shop where high conical hats were turned out by the dozen and wigs made of straw and mops were manufactured and dyed. When the great day arrived, the Division and Bri- gade Commanders and their staffs and a large crowd of other notables were on hand to attend the "Funeral of ye Xoble Athelstane of Conningsburg," held on the grounds of an ancient and crumbly chateau. When it was time for the performance to begin, a drizzling- rain set in which continued all the after- Major Sanders 1 KzM Pageant 235 Ill noon, but it was too late then to postpone the show. A gorgeous procession of knights in real armor, ladies-in-waiting, men-at-arms, heralds with long trumpets, archers in green doublets, serfs, monks, and all sorts of queer Norman and Saxon people wound out from Pirmil toward the chateau. There the visitors had an opportunity to view the corpse as it lay in state, guarded by knights in armor. Then, on a wet and muddy field, there was a tourney and various maneuvers by the men-at-arms which the visitors watched, shivering. Be- fore the program could be completed the men who were taking part were so wet and bedraggled that the performance was cut short, and every one was invited to fall to at a great supper of "baked meates," pies and cakes, coffee and beer. A sunny day would have made this pageant one of the most beautiful spec- tacles imaginable. Even with the bad weather it was unusual and worth seeing, and General Alexander was enthusiastic in his appreciation of the originality and interest of the occasion. About the middle of March, a series of minute inspections of the soldiers and their equipment made the day of departure seem very near. Regimental and brigade and divisional in- spections were all but finished and we were slated for a final looking over by -the authorities from the embarkation center, when suddenly word came that two divisions had been put ahead of us on the schedule and all preparations for departure were called off. The men were bitterly disappointed and loud in their resentment, but there was nothing to be done about it, so we settled down once more to the familiar task of waiting. Colonel Enos who had tried several times already to have his regiment brought together into one place, now at last gained his point, and all the organizations were moved down to the Holding Camp at La Suze. Here the men lived in barracks along a single street, and were far more comfortable than they had been in billets. Almost two solid weeks of sunny days made an enormous difference in every one's spirits, and on ground which was no longer muddy we had a revival of in- terest in baseball games and all sorts of outdoor sports. Hav- ing the whole regiment together renewed old ties and built up the regimental spirit which had been tending more and more to give place to battery rivalries. A large Y. M. C. A. hut, run by a live secretary, furnished a splendid place of amusement. Here the Second Battalion put 237 on a show which a special detail of men, aided by some from Headquarters Company, had been working up for several weeks. With scenery painted by Private Hedinus, of Battery E, printed programs, and all the paraphernalia of a Broadway show, these men produced a three-act musical comedy, written by Sergeant Hanft, of Battery E, and staged by Sergeants Grandin and Pons of Battery D. Corporal Hagan, of F Bat- tery, and Musician Strange, of the band, were responsible for the music and lyrics of about a dozen new and original songs, from the chief of which the piece took its name: "Oh, Oh, Mademoiselle!" For three nights they played to crowded houses, and made such a success that it was decided to make a regimental affair of the show, and a number of new char- acters from the First Battalion were introduced. A special performance was given in honor of the Division Commander, at which General Alexander, as the Colonel's guest, sat in a box; and during the remainder of our stay in the Le Mans area the "Oh, Oh, Mademoiselle" Company was busy touring the towns where 77th Division troops were quartered. Plays and skits from other organizations came to La Suze to entertain us. Hardly an evening passed but what some- thing was going on in the Y. M. C. A. A "wet canteen," serv- ing hot chocolate, was started by the Y girls, who together with the secretary, Mr. Harvuot, did everything possible to promote the men's enjoyment and contentment. Our own regi- mental secretary, Mr. Newberry, after five months of continu- ous service to the soldiers, retired from sight to a back room in La Suze. Here he and the men who, under his direction, were making the illustrations for the Regimental History main- tained a studio and worked on the pictures which adorn this book, while the Y. M. C. A. people of La Suze and the Hold- ing Camp looked after the more immediate needs of the men's welfare. For several weeks we lived on the expectation that our sail- 238 ing date was to be April 30th. It was therefore a glorious sur- prise when suddenly preparations for departure were begun ahead of schedule. Final delousings, equippings, and inspec- tions were completed quickly- Early on the morning of the 17th the whole regiment was entrained, and, cheering and singing as the train pulled out, the men bade good-by to La Suze and to the friends from the Y. M. C. A. and Red Cross who had come to see them off. The journey was short and compara- tively easy. Day- break on the fSth found us in Brest, filing through the enormous mess halls for a hot breakfast be- fore the up-hill hike to Camp Pontanezen. The name of our des- tination was the same as when we had landed the year before, but how different was the place ! Instead of the old stone barracks where the men had found sleep so impossible in 19 18, we found ourselves marching through a huge city of wooden barracks and tents — a camp so large that the coming and going of twelve or fifteen thousand troops in a single day was unnoticed. Board side- walks led away from the main road into the streets between the tents. Board floors and iron cots made the sleeping quar- ters comfortable. Adequate kitchen facilities made it possible 239 The "Aggie" to feed the whole regiment in fifteen or twenty minutes. Glorious weather gave promise of a favorable voyage when we should embark. There were more delousings and inspections on Friday and \1 There were Dances on Deck Saturday, and then came the glad news that we were to be ready to board a transport on the morning of Sunday, April 20th. That was an Easter Day which the 304th will never forget. At eight in the morning we all marched to an open field where, with music by the band and an address by the Chaplain, a regimental service was held in the glorious April sunshine. By ten o'clock the First Battalion was on the road for Brest, and noon saw the last of the regiment swinging along under full packs, headed for the docks. Arrived at the pier, we were crowded on to a lighter and ferried out to where lay the transport Agamemnon, a splen- 240 did four-funnel steamer which but a few months back had sailed the seas under the name of Kaiser Wilhelm II. A German ship had brought us over and a German ship was to take us back. The Agamemnon was not so large nor so steady as the Leviathan but most of the sleeping quarters were more com- fortable, and all the troops on board had access to the decks at all times. Besides our own regiment, there were on board the 305th and 306th, several hundred convalescent sick and wounded men, some casual officers and about a hundred nurses. It was a most congenial company. There were four bands — one from each artillery regiment and one from the ship's crew — and they all played several times each day. There were dances on deck — usually for officers and occasionally for enlisted men. Movies there were, too — three shows for the men and two for the officers every day, with a daily change of program. A stage was rigged up on the after well deck where the Liberty Players, from the 306th F. A., put on two shows, and several vaudeville performances were given in the mess halls. All of the welfare organizations — Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Knights of Columbus, American Library Association and Jewish Welfare Board — had representatives on the ship, and they kept us supplied with smokes, games, athletic supplies, books and magazines. There was some difficulty with the men's mess, for these passenger steamships were never built to feed several thousand troops three times a day, and the men of Battery A, who had 241 Officers' Mess the thankless job of being kitchen police for the entire voyage, found themselves faced with a good many kicks. After a man had stood in line for an hour or two, mess kit in hand, waiting for his turn, and then is hustled past the servers as they dump the food on his plate, only to find that he must climb up one steep staircase and down another balancing his dinner gs. as the ship sways, and then eat standing up at a table Wi that swings from the ceiling on chains, he is in no mood if j to be easily pleased with the food set before him. The Good Ship Docked But with only one day of anything approaching rough weather, the men in general had a lazy and a happy enough time, and — they were going home ! No bugle calls were needed to wake us up on the morning of the 29th, for we were due to reach New York before noon, and every one was on tiptoe to get the first sight of "God's Country." 242 A beautiful April sun was shining as the men hung along the rail straining their eyes toward the west. Presently a vague shape was discernible on the horizon, and before long Atlantic Highlands loomed into view. Then Sandy Hook, and then Coney Island! At Quarantine came the boats of the Mayor's Welcoming Committee, laden to the gunwales with eager wives, mothers, fathers and sweethearts. It was a wonderful sight to see one group after another recognize their boy on the deck and al- most climb overboard in their eagerness to reach out to him. All the way up through the harbor they escorted us, waving and shouting, while bands played and flags waved their wel- come. At last the good ship docked in Hoboken, where thousands more of the relatives were crowded along the iron fence which held them back from the pier. There was little chance for visiting, however, for the regi- ment was soon marched to an- other pier for lunch, and then onto a ferry boat which took us around to Long Island City, where we boarded a train for Camp Mills. It was hard to wait for passes with New York so near, but one more delousing ( in the United States called by the more polite name of "sanitation process") was necessary before any one was allowed to leave camp. Then what a rush there was for the city ! And how the streets and hostess houses about the entrance of 243 lUMIltnre. Captain Oliver Perin the camp swarmed with visitors seeking those men who did not happen to have passes ! It was a happy time, and the days passed quickly until, on May 5th, the entire division was brought to New York for the great parade of "New York's Own." There had been some objection on the part of the men to having a parade, for they understood that it would necessitate their staying a few days longer in the service, and what they desired above all things now was to get back into civil life. But their folks wanted a parade, the regimental and divisional Associations wanted it, New York City wanted it, and deep down in their hearts the soldiers wanted it. And why not? Never had the whole 77th Division been seen in public, and now that the troops had made for themselves a glorious record in the war there was not a man whose pride in his organization did not assert itself and demand public recognition. When the 304th assembled at the 69th Regiment Armory on the morn- ing of May 6th and marched to Waverly Place to await its turn to start up Fifth Avenue, even some who had not been required to attend were present. Promptly on the hour at ten o'clock, General Alexander and his staff rode through Washington Arch and started up the Avenue. Instead of the usual open formation with platoon front, the order called for a massing of the troops. Four or- ganizations abreast, each in column of squads, filled the broad street from curb to curb as regiment after regiment swung into line. The day was clear and cool, the pace was brisk, and the men marched with superb snap and swing. Side- walks and grand stands. which extended along the entire route were filled with proud relatives and friends who cheered lustily as the regiments tramped by with bands playing, the colors fluttering in the breeze and the artillery's guidons gleaming in the sun. At each intersecting street could be seen eager throngs held back a block away by a cordon of blue-coats. So 244 well had the police done their work that the way was absolutely clear. There was not a halt nor an interruption of any kind as the division proceeded through the great Victory Arch at Madison Square, under the Arch of Jewels at Fifty-ninth Victory Arch Street, past the reviewing stand, and straight up Fifth Avenue to One Hundred and Sixteenth Street. It was an inspiring finish to a splendid career. The 77th Division, which had been the first of the National Army divi- sions to be sent to France and the first to engage in active work at the front, had made for' itself a reputation worth having. It had done the work given it to do, and done it well. It had earned the praise of both French and American corps and army commanders for its achievements on the battle field, no less than the unqualified approval of the inspectors and trans- portation officers through whose hands it passed on the way 245 home. New York had learned the worth of the 77th Division, and New York opened her heart to these sons of hers on that memorable 6th of May. Sitting in his quarters in Camp Upton, whither the troops were sent for demobilization after the parade, Colonel Enos remarked, "I suppose the proudest moment of my life was when I walked up Fifth Avenue at the head of the 304th Field Ar- tillery." For Colonel Enos, who came to us after the fighting was over, caught, in a measure that few men could have equaled, the nature and spirit of the organization which he commanded. Very unobtrusively he had fitted into his place in the regiment, and almost without our knowing it he had be- come in a very real sense its leader. The men never knew him personally in the same way that they had known Colonel Briggs, but all through those weary months of waiting after the ar- mistice was signed, the quiet but intense interest, the absolute squareness, the unfailing kindness of Colonel Enos made itself felt throughout the regiment, and went far toward keeping the morale up to its surprisingly high level. No man was more frankly proud of the organization than he, and, as he said to the assembled captains the day before the regiment was dis- banded, his one great regret will always be that he was denied the privilege and the honor of serving at the front, even for a day, with the 304th F. A. No one man or group of men can be said to be responsible for the character of the regiment. Undoubtedly the leader- ship of Colonel Briggs through the critical period in which he was in command exerted a tremendous influence ; but the spirit which animated all the men from the top down and from the bottom up was born of a common experience in a great ad- venture. Potentially that spirit was present in the early days at Camp Upton, but actually its power was not felt until the members of the 304th found themselves sharing danger and hardship together as co-laborers in a mighty task. Then, 246 with few exceptions, officers, non-commissioned officers and privates discovered the secret of disregarding their own per- sonal interests and conveniences and working together in com- mon loyalty to a great cause. Those who laid down their lives are but conspicuous ex- amples of the selfless devotion which characterized the whole body of men. We honor them, not simply because of the great sacrifice they gladly made, but because they typify to us the spirit we all felt and saw day after day in the men about us, a spirit which shall live on in the soul of every loyal mem- ber of the regiment. As a military organization the 304th F. A. ceased to exist when, on May 10, 1919, in a downpour of rain, the men marched to the Camp Upton quartermaster's to turn in their blankets and draw their final pay. Then, in a riot of joy at the final prospect of home, with scant farewell they swarmed aboard the train which was to take them back to civil life. They left behind a splendid record of noble achievement, and they car- ried with them a host of memories which cannot but enrich their lives in all the years to come. 247 CASUALTY LIST KILLED IN ACTION Name Rank Organisation Angrissano, William A. .Mech Battery C . Bryant, Otto Pvt Battery D. Buehl, Adolph Sgt Battery E . Brady, James A Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery B . Blaschka, Albert J Pvt Battery A . Frey, Harry C Cpl Battery C . Fatseas, Paul Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery F . Hill, James A Pvt. ist CI. . Battery F . Houseman, Howard T. . Pvt Battery B . Lincoln, Frederick C. ..Pvt. istCl. . Battery D . McConville, John H. . . Mech Battery C . Moserowitz, Nathan ..Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery F . Manthe, Clarence S. . .Pvt Battery A . Olsen, Eric Pvt. Ist CI. . Battery C . Pierson, Owen C Pvt Battery C . Pessalano, Michael .... Pvt.- Battery D . Robbins, Edward Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery F . Sieber, George Pvt Battery E . Vannini, Antonio Pvt Battery D . . Walters, Valentine R. . . Sgt Battery F . . Wounded at Date Fme. des Dames .Aug. 20, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 23, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 28, 1918 Fleville Oct. 28, 1918 La Besace Nov. 5, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 20, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 25, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 25, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 19, 1918 Vauxcere Sept. 10, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 20, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 20, 1918 La Chalade Sept. 26, 1918 Vauxcere Sept. 14, 1918 Vauxcere Sept. 7, 1918 Vauxcere Sept. 10, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 25, 1918 Bazoches Sept. 9, 1918 Fme. des Dames . Aug. 23, 1918 Fme. des Dames .Aug. 23, 1918 Name DIED OF WOUNDS Rank Organization Wounded at Date Anderson, Elmer Q. . Pvt Battery B . Bakken, Rudolph J. . Pvt Battery D . Capasso, Joseph Pvt. ist CI. . Battery E . Grace, George ....<.. Pvt Battery E . Gaughn, Thomas J. . Pvt Battery C . Johnson, Oscar P. ..Pvt. 1st CI. . Hdqrs. Co. Kalf , Edward Pvt Battery D . McDevitt, Earl H. ..Pvt. ist CI. . Battery D . Ormestad, Ole Pvt Battery E . Mack, Dorr J Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Stillinger, Rol. H. ..Pvt Battery E . Weinhauer, Geo. H. . Sgt Battery D . Date of death Aug. 20 . . Fme. des Dames . Aug. 19 . Abri du Crochet . Oct. 2 . St. Pierremont . . Nov. 4 . Bazoches Sept. .Vauxcere Sept. 7 . .Vauxcere Sept. 14 . Sept. 16 . Fme. des Dames . Aug. 23 .Vauxcere Sept. 10 .Bazoches Sept. 9 . Abri du Crochet .Oct. 2 . . Bazoches Sept. 9 . Sept. 10 . . Fme. des Dames . Sept. 5 . .Nov. 4 . Sept. 10 .Sept. 11 . . Sept. 10 . Ackerman, John J. KILLED IN ACCIDENT . .Pyt Battery B . .Sommauthe Nov. 16 WOUNDED Name Rank Organicati Anastas, Peter Cook Supply Co Agnelli, Joseph Pvt Battery D Akvik, Otto Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery C Amy, Henry J ist Lieut. .. Battery D Agneau. Richard S Cpl Battery F Burke, Michael J Sgt Battery B Brirlen, James J Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Bartley, Harry E Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery E Braun, Benjamin L Pvt. ist CI. . Battery E Broderick, John J Pvt. ist CI. .Battery A Busch, Benjamin Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery E Bandera, Robert A Pvt. ist CI. . Battery C Christoffel, John E Sgt Battery A Claviter, Arthur W Pvt Battery D Colmerauer, Joseph M. . Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Colvin. Benjamin F. ..Pvt Battery B Clark, Lee Roy Pvt Battery E Clarke, John P Pvt Battery F Dodge, Cleveland E. ..ist Lieut. . . Battery C De Cicco Albert A Pvt Battery E Ducharme, Theodore . . Pvt Battery B Dever, Willis Pvt Battery F Duggan, Thomas F Pvt Battery F Deyo, Raymond Pvt Battery A Eberstadt, Ferdinand ..ist Lieut. .. Battery D Engstrom, Fridolph .... Pvt Battery E Epstein, Abraham L. ..Pvt Med. Det. Fuchs, Pellet Pvt Battery B Flynn, James P Sgt Battery F Frid, Charles J Pvt Battery D Gallenz, Valentine J. ..Pvt. ist CI. . Battery C Hanson, Otto Pvt Battery E Hansen, Henry E Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Hornung, John J Pvt Battery D . Johnson, Olaus Pvt Battery D . Jeffers, William J Sgt Battery F Jaeger, Albert E Pvt Battery B King, Henry D Pvt Battery B King, Joseph V Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Koen, William H Cpl Battery D . Kurzman, Abraham . . . . Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery F 249 on Wounded at Date .Vauxcere Sept. 14 .Fine, des Dames .Aug. 20 . .Argonne Forest . .Oct. 15 . Argonne Forest . .Oct. 15 .Fme. des Dames -Aug. 21 .Fine, des Dames -Aug. 20 .Vauxcere Sept. 5 .Bazoches Sept. 9 .Bazoches Sept. 9 .LaChalade Sept. 26 .Abridu Crochet ..Oct. 2 .Fleville Nov. 1 . La Chalade Sept. 26 . Fme. des Dames . Aug. 23 • Fme. des Dames -Aug. 27 . Argonne Forest . . Oct. 13 • St. Pierremont ..Nov. 4 .Fleville Oct. 8 . Fme. des Dames . Aug. 20 ■ Bazoches Sept. 9 • Fleville Nov. I ■ Fleville Oct. 28 ■ Fleville Oct. 28 .Vauxcere Sept. 19 .Fme. des Dames -Aug. 21 • Bazoches Sept. 9 • Fleville Nov. 1 • Fleville Oct. 28 • Fme. des Dames .Aug. 25 . Vauxcere Sept. 14 .Fleville Nov. I • St. Juvin Oct. 14 . Vesle River Sept. 5 .Fme. des Dames .Aug. 23 . Argonne Forest . .Oct. 14 • Fme. des Dames .Aug. 21 .Argonne Forest ..Oct. 14 .Fme. des Dames .Aug. 20 .Vesle River .(Accidental) ....Sept. 14 .Fme. des Dames .Aug'. 18 Korainsky, Irving M. . . Cpl Battery E . Kavanagh, Michael Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery B . Krepps, Henry Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery C . L'Etoile, Joseph O Cpl Battery F . Lee, Herbert F Cpl Hdqrs. Co Levine, Arthur Pvt Battery A . Matter, Wm. C. Jr Pvt Battery F . Maisco, Louis Pvt Battery C . Mack, Christa H Pvt Battery C . Meehan, John Pvt Battery D . Madson, Manley Pvt Battery E . Moskowitz, Julius Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery B . McCourt, Andrew H. . .Cpl Battery B . McGrath, Roger F Pvt Battery F . O'Boyle, Timothy L. . . Pvt Battery E . Prior, Thomas W Pvt Med. Det. . Pelton, Charles L Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery A . Parsons, John R Pvt Battery D . Rosner, Nathan Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery F . Rucker, Clarence E Cpl Battery D . Schoenberg, Jacob .... Pvt Battery E . Stewart, David Pvt Battery B . Smith, Spencer H Cpl Battery F . Smith, John D Pvt Battery E . Spenceley, Arthur G. . . Sgt Battery F . Tweedy, Temple H 2nd Lieut .Battery F . Tansey, George Pvt. 1st CI. .Battery D . Tygret, Carl L Pvt Battery E . Tulchinsky, David Pvt. 1st CI. . Battery F . Widman, Ernest A Cpl Battery F . Westman, Theodore C. . Pvt Battery B . Walrath, Ray C Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Watts, James E Cpl Battery F . Walsh, Edward J Horseshoer .Battery D . Young, Baldwin C Sgt Battery A . .St. Juvin Oct. .Fleville Oct. .Fleville Nov. .Fme. des Dames .Aug. . Vauxcere Sept. .Argonne Forest . .,Oct. .Fleville Oct. .Fleville Nov. .Fleville >• ..Nov. .Argonne Forest ..Oct. .Argonne Forest 1. .Oct. .Fleville -.Oct. .Fme. des Dames .Aug. .Argonne Forest ..Oct. .Fleville Nov. .Fme. des Dames .Aug. .Vauxcere Sept. . Vauxcere Sept. .Perles Sept. . Vauxcere Sept. .St. Pierremont ..Nov. .Fme. des Dames .Aug. .Fme. des Dames .Aug. 25 .Argonne Forest . .Oct. 14 .Argonne Forest . ..Oct. 2 .Fme. des Dames .Aug. 25 .St. Juvin Oct. 14 .Verpel Nov .Fleville Oct. .Fme. des Dames .Aug. 20 .Fleville Oct. 28 .Argonne Forest ..Oct. 15 .Fme. des Dames .Aug. 21 .Kicked by horse ..Oct. 10 .La Chalade ...... .Sept. 25 14 29 19 15 1 19 8 7 7 12 4 19 2§ Note: A number of men' died from disease during the regiment's stay in France after the armistice. Their names would have been included in this roll of honor if accurate data had been available. 250 ORGANIZATION COMMANDERS Regimental Commanders Lt. Col. John R. Kelly Sept. 27 — Dec. 31, 1917) (Maj. L. C. Sparks, acting, Sept. 27-DEC. 31, 1917.) Sept. 5, 1917 — Apr. 1, 1918 Col. Raymond W. Briggs Apr. 1, 1918 — Sept. 10, 1918 Lt. Col. William McCleave Sept. io, 1918 — Nov. 20, 1918 Col. Copley Enos Nov. 20, 1918 — May 10, 1919 Battalion Commanders First Battalion Maj. Lewis Sanders (Capt. H. B. Perrin, acting Second Battalion Maj. Leonard Sparks Maj. Alvin Devereux Mat. Joseph A. Doyle Headquarters Company Capt. Harry Kempner Supply Company Capt. Guy H. Garrett Lieut. James V. Murphy Capt. Robert H. Ewell Battery A Capt. Robert H. Ewell Capt. Huntington Lyman Sept. 5, 1917 — Apr. 1, 1918 Sept. 27 — Nov. 4, 19 1 8) Sept. 5, 1917 — May 10, 1918 May 10, 1918 — March 26, 1919 March 26, 1919 — May 10, 1919 Sept. 5, 1917 — May 10, 1919 Sept. s, 1917— Aug. 23, 1918 Aug. 23, 1918 — Sept. 10, 1918 Sept. 10. 1918 — May 10, 1919 Sept. 5, 1917 — Mar. 4, 1918 Mar. 4, 1918 — May 10, 1919 Battery B Capt. Joseph A. Doyle Sept. 5, 1917 — Mar. 26, 1919 Lieut. Frederick M. Gannon Mar. 26, 1919; — May 10, 1919 251 Battery C Capt. Elliot C. Bacon Sept. 5, 1917 — Dec. 26, 1918 Lieut. Cleveland E. Dodge Dec. 26, 1918 — Jan. 22, 1919 Capt. Grinnell Martin Jan. 22, 1919 — May 10, 1919 Battery D Capt. Robert V. Mahon Sept. 5, 1917 — May 10, 1919' Battery E Capt. Oliver Perin Sept. 5, 1917 — May 10, 1919 Battery F Capt. E. Powis Jones Sept. 17, 1917 — Mar. 4, 1918 Capt. Robert H. Ewell Mar. 4, 1918 Sept. 10, 191J: Capt. Ferdinand Eberstadt Sept. 10, 1918 — Jan. 25, 1919 Lieut. Basil H. Hunter Jan. 25, 1919 — May 10, 1919 25' ROSTER OF OFFICERS Almon, George C Albany, Alabama 2nd Lt, Supply Co., Nov. 20, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to 1st Lt. Amy, Henry J 44 Wall St., New York City. 2nd Lt., Battery A, Sept. 5, 191 7. Promoted to 1st Lt.. Jan. 3. 1918. Transferred to Btry D, Sept. 10, 1918. Transferred to Hdq. Co., Oct. 27, 191 8. Transferred to 302nd Ammunition Train, Jan. 9, 1919. Anderson, Raymond W 1832 Carroll St., St. Paul, Minn. 1st. Lt., Battery A. Mar-May, 1918. Armitage, Guy D 520 Lake Drive, Milwaukee, Wis. Lt. Col., Feb. 15, 1919-May 10, 1919. Bacon, Elliot C 23 Wall St., New York City. Capt., Battery C, Sept. 5, 1917-Dec. 26, 1918. Transferred to Hdq., 1st Army Corps, Dec. 1918. Baker, Lotus P 2nd. Lt., Battery B, Nov. 16, 1918-April 9, 1919. Transferred to Hdq. 77th Div. Bateson, E. Farrar 64 East 54TH St., New York City. Capt., Adjutant. 2nd Battalion, March 1918-May 10, 1919. Bonnet, George A 621 Morris St. N. E., Washington, D. C. Capt. (attached), Supply Co., Nov. 16, 1918-Feb. 8, 1919. Trans- ferred to 2nd Battalion as Adjutant. Served with Regiment until May 10, 1919. Boyd, Hugh M 416 West 145TH St.. New York City. 2nd Lt., Battery A, Nov. 4, 1917-May 10, 1919. Briggs, Raymond W. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. Colonel, commanding 304th F. A., April i-Sept. 10, 1918. Pro- moted to Brigadier General, Aug. 25, 1918. Bradford, W. K Chicago, III. 2nd. Lt., Supply Co., March-May, 1919. 253 Brown, Edward M 2nd Lt, Battery B, Oct. 14-Nov. 16, 1918. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Brown, Howard H. . . Care Mrs. Grenville Gilbert, Ware, Mass. 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Dec. 11, 1917-May 10, 1919. Served on Staff of 1st Bn. Promoted to 1st Lt., Sept. 18, 1918. Bruns, Fred H. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. 1st Lt, Battery C, Sept. 5, 1917-Jan. 22, 1918. Transferred to Supply Co. Regimental Munitions Officer. Transferred to Army of Occupation, Nov. 16, 1918. Brunnerman, F. L 2nd Lt., Supply Co., Sept. 10-Oct. 20, 1918. Transferred to Military Police, 77th Div. Chambers, T. G 505 West 17TH St., Oklahoma City, Okla. 2nd Lt. Battery B, Feb.-May 10, 1919. Cunningham, Frank L 46 Hamilton Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery A, Nov. 14, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Sept. 5, 1918. Served until May 10, 1919. Cunningham, James W Mt. Lakes, N. J. 2nd Lt, Headquarters Co., Jan. 1, 1918. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Regimental Radio Officer. Served until May 10, 1919. Danforth, Nicholas 106 West 58TH St., New York City. 1st. Lt., Headquarters Co., Jan. i-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. and promoted to Capt. Daniel, S. L 2nd Lt., Headquarters Co., Sept. 12, 1918. Transferred to Bat- tery D, Oct. 12, 1918. Served until May 10, 1919. Davis, Worthington 2nd. Lt., Battery E, Nov. 14, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. and promoted to 1st. Lt. De Baun, Milton Haverstraw, N. Y. 1st Lt., Headquarters Co., Jan. 1, 1918. Transferred to Battery E, Jan. 22, 1918. Served until May 10, 1919. Devereux, Alvin 120 Broadway, New York City. Major, Commanding 3rd Battalion, March-May, 1918. Com- manding 2nd Battalion, May 1918-May 10, 1919. Dodge, Cleveland E Riverdale, New York City. 2nd Lt., Battery C, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Served until May 10, 1919. 254 Dold, Ralph S ist Lt, Headquarters Co., Jan. i-July 3, 1918. Went to balloon school and was transferred as balloon observer. Dole, Richard E., Harvard Club, 27 West 44TH St., New York City. 2nd Lt., Battery C, Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Doyle, Joseph A 687 St. Nicholas Ave., New York City. Capt., Battery B, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to Major, command- ing 2nd Bn., March 26, 1919. Eagan, Edward F 2nd Lt., Battery C. July 22-Aug. 24, 1918. Transferred to Battery F, Aug. 24-Sept. 12. 1918. Transferred to Battery D, Sept. 12- Oct. 27, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co., Oct. 27-Nov. 16, 1918. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Eberstadt, Ferdinand .... 214 Glenwood Ave., East Orange, N. J. ist Lt., Battery D, Sept. 5, 1917-Sept. 10, 1918. Promoted to Capt., transferred to Btry. F. Capt., Battery F, Sept. 10, 1918- Jan. 25, 1919. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Enos, Copley Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. Colonel, commanding 304th F. A., Nov. 20, 1918-May 10, 1919. Everiiart, Edgar S Scranton, Pa. Major, Regimental Surgeon 304th F. A., Dec. 21, 1918-March 1, 1919. Relieved to attend University of Paris. Ewell, Robert H. . . Yale Club, 30 Vanderbilt Ave., New York City. Capt, Battery A, Sept. 5, 1917-March 4, 1918. Transferred to Battery F, March 4-Sept. 19, 1918. Transferred to Supply Co. Served until May 10, 1919. Fehliman, William E Lead, South Dakota. Capt., Regimental Surgeon, March 10-May 10, 1919. Falvey, John D 286 Goodfellow Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 2nd Lt., Battery F. Foote, Delano P 2nd Lt., Battery A, Sept. 5th, 1917-Jan. 22, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co. Telephone Officer, ist Bn., Regimental Telephone Officer. Evacuated to hospital after injury from fall, Oct. 19, 1918. Fitch, J. E 828 Junior Terrace, Chicago, III. 1st Lt., Battery A, Feb.-May, 1919. Gannon, Frederick M 344 West 56TH Street, New York City. 255 2nd Lt, Battery B, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt, Jan. 3, 1918. Commanding Battery B, March 26-May 10, 1919. Garrett, Guy H Capt, Supply Co., Sept. 5, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to Major. Gough, William R 313 Franklin Place, Plainfield, N. J. 2nd Lt., Battery B, Nov. 14, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to 1st Lt. Graf, William E 1124 Jackson Ave., New York City. 1st Lt., Dental Surgeon, Oct. 19, 1917-Mar. 1, 1919. Promoted to Capt., and made Dental Surgeon, 77th Division. Graham, Charles V 15 Vernon Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery C, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lieut., Jan. 3, 1918. Served until May 10, 1919. Horton, George E Wartrace, Tenn. 1st Lt., Regimental Surgeon, 304th F. A., Sept. 5, 1917-Dec. 17, 1918. Promoted to Capt, Dec. 6, 1917. Promoted to Major, May 10, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. for discharge at his own request, Dec. 17, 1918. Howard, James M. . . 200TH St. and Bainbridge Ave., New York City. 1st Lt. Chaplain 304th F. A., Sept. 27, 1917. Acting Senior Chaplain, 77th Div., March 19-May 10, 1919. Promoted to Capt., March 16, 1919. Served with Regiment until May 10, 1919. Hunter, Basil H Newberry, Michigan. 2nd Lt, Battery E, Nov. 24, 1917-Mar. 16, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co. Gas Officer, 2nd Bn. Promoted to 1st Lt., and transferred to Btry F, Sept. 10, 1918. Commanding Battery F, Jan. 25-May 10, 1919. Jones, E. Powis 105 East 53RD St., New York City. Capt, Battery F, Sept. 5, 1917. Transferred' to 2nd Bn., as Adjutant, Mar. 4, 1918. Made Regimental Personnel Adjutant, May, 1918. Made Regimental Adjutant, Jan. 22, 1919. Served until May 10, 1919. Jusek, Harry J 424 Myrtle St., Sioux City, Iowa. 2nd Lt, Veterinary Corps, with 304th F. A., Oct. 13, 1918-April 20, 1919. Transferred to remain over seas when regiment sailed for U. S. A. Keller, William St. Johnsville, N. Y. 1st Lt., Headquarters Co., Jan. 1, 1918-Mar. 26, 1919. Preceded regiment overseas, Jan. 1918, rejoining at Camp de Souge, June, 256 1918. Regimental Gas Officer. Transferred to Supply Co., Mar. 26, 1919. Served until May 10, 1919. Kempner, Harry 547 Fourth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Capt., Hdqrs. Co., Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Regimental Operations Officer. Kelly, John R. Care Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. Lt. Colonel, commanding 304th F. A., Sept. 5, 1917-April 1, 1918. Transferred to 17th F. A. and promoted to Colonel, June, 1918. Kittle, Percy H 228 West 71ST St., New York City. 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Regimental Telephone Officer. Served until May 10, 1919. Lillibridge, Harrison 411 West End Ave., New York City. 2nd Lt., Battery B, Sept. 5, 1917-March, 1919. Relieved to attend L'niversity of Paris. Lawton, George L 175 Lincoln St., Middletown, Conn. 2nd Lt.. Hdqrs Co., Nov. 22, 1917-Tan. 24, 1919. 1st Bn. Staff. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Lunny, James E 508 Sixteenth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 1st Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Jan. i-Sept. 10, 1918. Transferred to Bat- tery D. Served until May 10, 1919. Lyman, Huntington 65 West 54TH St., New York City. 1st Lt., Battery A, Sept. 5, 1917. Commanding Battery A, Jan. 1918-May 10, 1919. Promoted to Capt., Mar. 4, 1918. Lattimer, John M 691 Ninth Ave., New York City. 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Mar.-May, 1918. Came over-seas as 1st Sgt, Btry. A. Graduated Officers' Training School, Saumur, France. Loomis, Harold J 47 West 8th St., Oswego, N. Y. 1st Lt., Dental Corps, March-May, 1919. McMaster, John W 346 Sixteenth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery B, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co.. Jan. 22, 1918. Returned to U. S.. A. and promoted to Capt., Aug. 23, 1918. McCaleb. Walter L Duck River, Tenn. 1st Lt., Medical Corps; assigned Sept. 5, 1917. Surgeon, 2nd Bat- talion. Served until May 10, 1919. McCleave, William Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. Lt. Colonel, 304th F. A., Sept. 1, 1918-Jan. 21, 1919. Command- 257 ing 304th F. A., Sept. 10-Nov. 20, 1918. Transferred as In- structor to Artillery School at Valdahon, France. McRae, Donald C Care McRae and Keeler, Attleboro, Mass. 1st Lt., Supply Co., Jan. 1, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co., March, 1918. Liaison Officer with 305th Inf. at the front. Transferred to 302nd Ammunition Train, Jan. 9, 1919. McVaugh, Keith 506 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery A, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Served with Battery A until May 10, 1919. Macdougall, Allan Convent, N. J. 2nd Lt., Battery D, Sept 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co., Jan. 22, 191S. Transferred to Battery E, July 16, 1918. Served with Battery E until May 10, 1919. Mahon, Robert V 109 Fourth St., Garden City, N..Y. Capt, Battery D, Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Malm, Douglass R 1448 East 115TH St., Cleveland, Ohio. 2nd Lt., Battery E, Nov. 12, 1918-May 10, 1919. Mandeville, William H 439 West Clinton St., Elmira, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery E, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to Capt., Aug. 23, 1918. Mann, John W 3616 Newark St., Washington, D. C. 2nd Lt., Battery C, Dec. 12, 1918. Transferred to Battery D, Mar. 3, 1919. Served with Battery D until May 10, 1919. Martin, Grinnell Care Frazer & Spear, 20 Exchange Place, N. Y. City. 1st Lt, Battery E, Sept. 5, 1917. Made Regimental Adjutant, July 5, 1918. Promoted to Capt., Sept. 10, 1918. Transferred to Battery C, Jan. 22, 1919. Commanded Battery C until May 10, 1919. Murphy, James V. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. 1st Lt., Supply Co., Sept. 5, 1917-Jan. 24, 1919. Commanded Sup- ply Co., Aug. 23-Sept. 10, 1919. Transferred to Army of Occupa- tion. Norman, A. W R. R. No. 2, Culpeper, Virginia. 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Sept. io, 1918-May 10, 1919. Norris, Frank Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. 258 rst Lt, Battery F, Sept.. 5, 1917-Jan. 24, 1919. Transferred to Army of Occupation. North, L. L. 1st Lt., Veterinary Corps, with 304th F. A., Sept. 6-Oct. 13, 1918. Evacuated to hospital. O'Donnell, Joseph 403 Second St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery E, Sept. 5, 1917-Nov. 16, 1918. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Offrav, Claude V. 2nd Lt., Battery A, July 22-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to 1st Lt. Page, Charles W 94 Woodland St., Hartford, Conn. 1st Lt.. Hdqrs. Co., Jan. 1, 1918-May 10, 1919. Absent from. Regiment as balloon observer, July-November, 1918. Perin, Oliver 158 East 62nd St., New York City; Capt., Battery E, Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Pfaelzer, Oswald D Montclair, N. J. 2nd Lt., Battery F, Sept. 5, 1917. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to Capt., Aug. 23, 1918. Perrin, Hervey Bates Cake Federal Reserve Bank, San Francisco, Cal. Capt., Adjutant 1st Bn., Sept. 5, 1917-Jan. 1919. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Quinn, Timothy R. 2nd Lt., Battery F, Nov. 12, 1918-May 10, 1919. Rennard, John T 70 East 77-ri-i St., New York City. 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Telephone Officer, 2nd Bn. Richard, August 69 East 56TH St., New York City. 2nd Lt., Battery D, Sept. 5, 19 17. Promoted to 1st Lt., Jan. 3, 1918. Served with Battery D until May 10, 1919. Robertson, Daniel S. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. 1st Lt., Veterinary Corps. Regimental Veterinarian, June 16, 1918-March, 1919. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Sams, James R Newborn, Georgia. 1st Lt., Medical Corps, Sept. 5, 1917. Surgeon, 1st Battalion. Promoted to Capt., Mar. 26, 1919. Served with Regiment until May 10, 1919. 259 Sanders, Lewis 126 East 27TH St., New York City. Major, commanding 1st Bn., Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Schwartz, Alfred A 825 West 179TH St., New York City. 1st Lt., Medical Corps, May i-July 6, 1918. Transferred to Camp Hospital No. 9, France. Smith, Roger McE 30 Church St., Ellenville, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Headquarters Co., Sept. 5, 1917-May 10, 1919. Radio Officer 1st Bn. Served with B Battery through the Argonne. Smith, Sheldon D 98 Englewood Ave., Detroit, Mich. 2nd Lt., Battery C, Nov. 23, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to 1st Lt., Aug. 23, 1918. Sparks, Leonard C. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. Major, commanding 2nd Bn., Sept., 1917-June, 1918. Transferred to 17th F. A., and promoted to Lt. Colonel. Stevens, Kenneth M 2nd Lt., Battery C, Nov. 23, 1917. Transferred to Hdqrs. Co., Mar. 25, 1918. Radio and Reconnaissance Officer, 2nd Bn. Served with Regiment until May 10, 1919. Sullivan, Leonard Woodmere, Long Island, N. Y. Capt, Regimental Adjutant, Sept 5, 1917-July 1, 1918. Trans- ferred to Army Staff College at Langres, France. 'Tench, Francis M. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, _D. C. 1st Lt, Dental Corps, Mar. 21-Aug. 19, 1918. Transferred to 302nd Sanitary Train and promoted to Capt. Thomas, Rupert B 259 Broadway, Flushing, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery D. Dec. 21, 1917. Transferred to Battery F, Sept. 12, 191& Served with Battery F until May 10, 1919. Tweedy, Temple H 4316 Thirteenth St., Washington, D.C. 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Jan. 23, 1918-Aug. 24, 1918. . Transferred to Battery F. Wounded, Aug. 25, 1918. Rejoined Regiment as 1st Lt., Oct. 1918, and served with Hdqrs. Co. until May 10, 1919. Washburn, Ira H Haverstraw, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery F, Sept 5, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to 1st Lt. 'Watson, Elmer E 2nd Lt., Battery F, Nov. 24, 1917-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to 1st Lt. 260 Welling, Charles B 55 East 76TH St., New York City. 1st Lt., Battery B, Sept. 5, 1917. Made Regimental Personnel Adjutant, Jan. 22, 1919. Promoted to Capt, Mar. 26, 1919. Whitcomb, Newell B 1st Lt., Supply Co., Jan. i-Aug. 23, 1918. Returned to U. S. A. and promoted to Capt. Wyman, Walter F 152 West 58th St., New York City 2nd Lt., Hdqrs. Co., Sept. 5, 1917-Promoted to 1st Lt, Jan. 3, 1918. Evacuated to hospital as sick, Oct. 10, 1918. Wenzel, Andrew J 2374 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 2nd Lt., Battery B, April-May, 1919. Came over-seas as 1st Sgt, Hdqrs. Co. Graduated from Officers' Training School at Saumur, and served at front with 2nd Div. Yardorough, Arthur L. Care of Adjutant General of the Army, Washington, D. C. 2nd Lt., Battery A, Oct. 14, 1918-Jan. 24, 1919. Transferred to Army of Occupation. Note: A number of non-commissioned officers of the 304th F. A. were gradu- ated from the Artillery Training School at Saumur, France, and qualified for com- missions. The commissions, however, did not arrive until just before demobiliza- tion. The editor regrets that, as a complete list of these promotions was not avail- able, he was unable to include the names in the roster of officers. 26l ROSTER OF ENLISTED MEN THOSE WHO WENT OVERSEAS WITH THE REGIMENT * Aaberg, Casper I. .-...Pvt. R. F. D. No. 4, Starbuck, Minn Battery F. Abrams, Harry Sgt 69 Hart St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Ackerman, John Pvt 1 136 Flushing Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. . Battery B, Adelberg, Harry Pvt. 212 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y..Hdqrs. Co. Agneau, Richard S. ..Pvt 76 Union Road, Roselle Pk\, N. J... Battery F. Agnelli, Joseph Pvt Otter River, Mass Battery D. Agoni, Joe 1 Pvt Box 94, Buhl, Mass Battery C. Aigeltinger, Frank W. . Sgt 475 W. I42d St., N. Y. C,, N. Y Battery C. Akvik, Otto Pvt Audubon, Minn Battery C. Allard, Felix Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Southbridge, Mass.. .Battery D. Allen, Edward P Mech 325 E. 51st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Allen, Vernon L Pvt R. F. D. No. 1. Stockton, Kansas ...Battery C. Almy, William M Sgt Lawrence, L. I., N. Y Battery C. Altenburg, Charles . . Bd. Sgt. ... 234 Jerome St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. : Airman, Morris H. ..Pvt 294 Georgia Ave., Broklyn, N. Y. ...Battery D. Alvey, John L Pvt Issue Post Office— Charles Co., Md.. Battery A. Americo, Dante Pvt 130 Houston St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery B. Amidon, Willis E Pvt 1613 Holme St., Kansas City, Mo.. . . Battery C. Anastas, P. N Pvt 520 W. 54th St.. N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Anderson, Albert W. .Pvt 1530 E. 18th St., Minneapolis, Minn. . Battery F. Anderson, Albin J Pvt Crosby, Pa Hdqrs. Co. Anderson, Andrew ..Pvt Trommlald, Minn Battery E. Anderson, Archie Pvt 22 Center St., Rockaway Bh., N. Y.. Hdqrs. Co. Anderson, A. W Rt. Su. Sgt. . Emmet, Idaho Supply Co. Anderson, Carl W. . . Cpl R. F. D., Osseo, Minn Battery A. Anderson, Carl O Wag 397 N. Smith Ave., St. Paul, Minn.. .Supply Co. Anderson, Edward ..Pvt. % Mrs. O. Greyezwaez, 26 Third Ave., Seymour, Conn Battery A. Anderson, Elmer Q. . . Pvt Roxbury Rd., N. Britain, Conn Battery B. Anderson, Ernest W. .Pvt Box 97, Rush City, Minn Battery B. Anderson, Frode ....Wag 1528 25 Ave., S. E. Minneapolis, Minn.Supply Co. Anderson, Josephus ..Sgt 321 Stanhope St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery F. Anderson, Ludwig .... Pvt Higden, Minn Supply Co. Anderson, Oscar A. ..Pvt 119 Adams St., Eveleth, Minn Battery F. Andrews, Edmund Z. . Mech 165a Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery A. Andrews, John F Pvt Johnson, Minn Battery F. 1 Names printed in italics represent those who lost their lives as a result of wounds received in action. 262 Angelo, Guiseppo Anquisano, Wm. A Anselmi, Galiano Antola, Francesco Antonecchi, A. . Apicella, Louis . Appel, Eric G. . . . Appleby, Robert . Aquilino, Michele Arfman, Chris. J. Armstrong, Albert T . Pvt ij Hamburg Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... . Pvt 316 E. 62nd St., N. Y. City, N. Y . Pvt 617 Lorimer St., Brooklyn, N. Y . Bug 3 Hamilton Place, N. Y. C . Pvt 3436 Kingsbridge Ave., N. Y. C . Cook 1063 Park Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y . Cpl Scobey, Mont . Pvt Mystic, Iowa . Pvt 2 Elliot PI., Newton, Up. Falls, Mass. .Sgt 510 E. 89th St., N. Y. C, N. Y .Cpl 1715 Montgomery Ave., N. Y. C... Battery C. Battery C. Battery D. Battery D. Battery E. Battery D. Battery E. Battery D. Battery F. Battery A. Battery C. Battery E. Battery E. Battery D. Supply Co. Hdqrs. Co. Battery E. Battery D. Battery A. Battery C. Battery B. Battery C. Hdqrs. Co. Armstrong, James A. . Pvt 9 Acorn St., Elmhurst, N. Y Armstrong, John R. ..Pvt 47478th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Arola, Arvid Pvt Wolf Lake, Minn Arone, Raffaello Mech Elm St., Ardsley, N. Y Ashby, Whitman G. ..Sgt Sherman Ave., No. Collins, N. Y Asher, Harry R Mech Red Hooke, N. Y Aske, Leonard A Pvt Prosper, Minn Askman, John Cpl 1571 2nd Ave., N. Y. G, N. Y Atno, Sherwood Sgt S7 Prospect PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Augustine, Harry Mech Westhampton Beach, L. I., N. Y Aureli, Michele Pvt 299 E. 103d St., N. Y. C, N. Y Ayers, Stephen Sgt 166 W. 129th St., N. Y. C Bacca, Cornino Pvt Bailey, Gaylord Pvt 1208 Brookdale Ave., Charlton. la... Battery D. Bailey, Harold R Pvt 130 W. 28th St., Minneapolis, Minn. .Battery A. Bailey, William F Pvt c.o. Minneapolis Journal, Minn Battery A. Baird, Edward B Cpl 4.3 Columbus Ave., Port Richmond, S. I Hdqrs. Co. Baker, Lester B Wag Creek Road Forks, N. Y Supply Co. Bakke, Jacob A Pvt Storden, Minn Battery E. Bakken, Paulus Pvt Vining. Minn Battery F. Bakken, Rudolph Pvt Houston, Minn Battery D. Baldwin, Amos J. C. . . Sgt Merrick Rd., Belmore, L. I., N. Y.. .Hdqrs. Co. Ball, Elliott B Pvt Hammondsport, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Bandera, Robert A. ..Pvt 3909 Folsam St., St. Louis, Mo Battery C. Bang, Walter Pvt R. 1, Royal, Iowa Battery D. Barger, Jesse W Cpl Mohegan Lake, N. Y Battery D. Barham, Lee Pvt Edgerton, Iowa Battery D. Barker, Paul J Pvt ...35 Mystic Ave., E. Lynn, Mass Battery A. Barnett, Grover C. ..Pvt General Delivery, Meta, Mo Battery B. Barnett, Richard J. ..Pvt 67 Sutton St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Barrett, Clyde A Pvt Happyville, Colo Battery C. Barrett, Thomas M. . . Pvt 90s 5th Ave., McKeesport, Pa Battery F. Barrett, William ....Pvt 220 E. 57th St., N. Y. C. N. Y Battery D. Barrington, Williams .Pvt 1361 Whitney Ave., Niagara Falls, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. 263 Barry, Edmund L Cpl 45 Wadsworth Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Bartell, Fred Pvt 833 2nd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Barth, Jacob F Pvt Keating Summit, Pa Battery D. Bartley, Harry E Pvt 307 W. 21st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Barton, Francis K. . . Sgt 742 Richmond Rd.. Richmond, S. I., N. Y Battery F. Bass, S Cook 1664 Park Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Bassage, Roy E Cpl. ....... R. F. D. No. 12, Branchport, Steu- ben Co., N. Y Battery F. Basset, Edw. J Pvt 41 Summit St., New Medical Baum, Arthur Pvt 540 W. iS7st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Baumgardner, H. H. .Pvt 101 Wall St., Sioux City, Iowa Battery C. Baumgrass, Cornelius .Cpl 167 E. 89th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Bauscher, Charles . . -. . Pvt 530 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Beach, Hart J Sgt Saybrook, Conn Battery F. Beams, Frederick B. ..Pvt 161 E. 7th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Beck, Leonard L Pvt 238 E. Lucy St., St. Paul, Minn Battery A. Belgan, John L Pvt 1 17 W. 96th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Bellquist, Oscar W. ..Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Box 94, Dassel, Minn. Battery B. Benczik, Alios J Pvt 1904-19 ^ Ave., 3rd St., N. St. Cloud, Minn Battery E. Bennet, Robert Cpl 169 Main St., Hamburg, N. Y Battery A. Benzing, Albert H. ..Bug 48 Maple Ave., Springville, N. Y Battery B. Benzing, William F. ..Bug 48 Maple Ave., Springville, N. Y Battery B. Beransky, Joseph Pvt Barren Island, Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Bereen, John S Pvt Spicer, Minn Battery B. Berg, Christ Cook Deerwood, Minn Battery C. Berger, Fred Pvt 563 W. 173rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Berges, Walter Pvt 498 E. 7th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Bernier, Edwin B Pvt Winona, Minn Hdqrs. Co. Bertraum, Fritz Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Cohasset, Minn Battery F. Bertuglia, Francesco ..Cook 340 E. 13th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Bestman, William Pvt 157 Newell St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Betuel, G Cpl Ordnance Beveridge, Constable . . Cpl .80 Bunker Hill Ave., Waterbury, Conn Battery C. Bianchi, Joseph G Pvt .2376 Genesee St., Cheektowaga, N. Y.Battery A. Bideaux, Leo A Pvt 2367 Jackson St., Dubuque, Iowa. .. .Battery B. Bielfelt, Leonard W. . Pvt Route No. 5, Boone, Iowa Battery F. Biggins, Ralph H. shoer . .Lake St., Wilson, N. Y Battery E. Billings, Elton L Pvt Friendship, N. Y Battery D. Biniak, Paul Pvt 975 Geranium St., St. Paul, Minn — Battery A. Birkeland, Nels M. ..Pvt 2427 N. 6th St., S. Minneapolis, Min. Battery F. Bittner Albert Pvt 100 W. 81st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Bicksler, Paul Cpl 114 Lincoln PI., Wadsworth, Ohio. . .Hdqrs. Co. Bjorge, LeRoy Pvt Gary-Mormon Co., Minn Battery F. Blake, Peter A Pvt Battery A. Blaney, Lawrence V. . . Pvt Little Falls, West Virginia Battery C. 264 Blaschka, Albert J. . . Pvt 283 Bunker St., St. Paul, Minn Battery A. Bliss, Arthur P Pvt R. F. D. No. 3, Westfield, Pa Hdqrs. Co. Bliss, E. M Pvt Waterville, Minn Battery E. Bloom, Morris Pvt 348 Powers Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Blundy, John A Cook Orchard Park, N. Y Battery E. Boccard, Victor E. ..Pvt 1419 Ave. I, Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Boguhn, John W Mech Angola, N. Y Battery A. Booker, Ralph L Pvt 17 Sayward St., Dorchester, Mass. ..Hdqrs. Co. Boom, Axel T Pvt Wheaton, Minn Battery D. Borchert, Alfred Pvt 352 Kosiosok St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Bosz, Michael Pvt Orchard Park, Erie Co., N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Bottke, Fred. J Cpl 646 Columbus Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Bourdeau, Dave Pvt 20 Maple PI., Minneapolis, Minn Battery B. Bourne, Harry Pvt 319 Willet Ave., Portchester, N. Y.. .Battery C. Bouse, William Pvt 7th St., Bayside, N. Y Battery F. Bowen, Milo M Pvt £9 Railroad Hill Ave., Waterbury, Conn Battery C. Bowler, Patrick Pvt 650 High St., Holyoke, Mass Battery D. Bradshaw, James D. ..Pvt 28 Depot St., Adams, Mass Battery D. Brady, James A Pvt 1237 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Braga, Joseph F Pvt 146 Stewart St., Fall River, Mass. . . Battery D. Bramson, Joseph . . . . Sgt 216 Ft. Washington Ave., N. Y. C... Supply Co. Braun, Benj Pvt Box 463, Wadena, Minn Battery E. Brautigarn, Arthur . . Pvt 226 E. 21st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Breister, Stanley H. ..Pvt 254 Keystone Ave., Buffalo, N. Y Battery A. Brenden, Iver Pvt Moorhead, Minn Battery B. Bretschneider, J. E. ..Pvt 1800 Monroe Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y... Battery A. Briden, James J ,Pvt 316 N. nth St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Bridger, Alva E Pvt Decatur City, Iowa Battery D. Brighton, Bruce D. ..Cpl 258 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Brink, Arthur Pvt Battery D. Britting, Lyman E. ..Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Angola, N. Y Battery A. Broderick, John J Pvt 19 Floyd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Brodsky, Alex Pvt 57 E. 104th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Brodt, John H Ord. Sgt. . . Ordnance Brogan, Louis Pvt Odebolt, Iowa Battery A. Brooks, Leon N Pvt Greenbush, Minn Battery D. Brothers, Fred Sgt 1306 Van Alst, Astoria, L. I Hdqrs. Co. Brotz, Elmer J Pvt 221 Gray St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery D. Brown, Edward P. ..Pvt 219 E. 69th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Brown, Eugene F Cpl 203 Sterling St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Brown, Iva K Pvt Delevan, N. Y Battery C. Brown, Jesse C Pvt New Market, Iowa Battery B. Brown, Robert J Pvt 2109 S. Alden St., Philadelphia, Pa. ..Medical Brown, Roland E Cpl Holland, N. Y '....Battery E. Browngardt, Carl ....Pvt Germaine Ave., Sag Harbor, N. Y... Battery F. Brueggemeier, P. F. . . Pvt Norwood, Minn Battery C. Bruni, Joseph Pvt Red Lodge, Montana Battery C. 265 Bruntmeyer, Henry . . Pvt. Bryant, Otto Pvt. Bryant, William Pvt. Bucciantinni, Angelo . Cpl. Buchmiller, Jos. W. . . Pvt. Buckley, George E. . . Pvt. Buckley, Timothy J. . .,Sgt. Buechel, Louis Pvt. Buehl, A Sgt. Buffum, Sayles Pvt. Buldic, Amile Pvt. Bundy, Harry D Pvt. Buono, Julius Pvt. Burchards, John H. . . Cpl. Burdick, Donald E. ..Pvt. Burk, Lester Pvt. Burke, M. L Sgt. Buss,- Jacob Wag Burkland, Chas. E. ..Pvt. Busch, Benjamin ....Pvt. Busel, Fred Pvt. Bush, Ernest Cpl. Byrne, John J Pvt. Byrne, Sylvester G. . . Pvt. Byrne, Thomas J. . . Wag Caderre, Elzear Pvt. Cain, Harley J Pvt. Calari, Alphonso .... Pvt. Caleca, Frank Pvt. Calvin, Benjamin F. ..Pvt. Camp, Henry C Pvt. Campbell, Charles E. . Pvt. Canamare, Louis .... Cpl. Canellos, John K Pvt. Canfield. Harold T. ..Sgt. Cantwell, Thomas J. . . Pvt. Cappasso, Joseph .... Pvt. Capistran, Leo' J Pvt. Cappalo, Vincent Pvt. Carder, Earl B Pvt. Carey, Erwin F Cpl. Carlson, Albert Pvt. Carlson, Axel 'L Pvt. Carlson, Edmund .... Sgt. Carlson, Herman R. . . Pvt. Carmine, Bruno P. . . Pvt. Battle Lake. Minn Battery A. Garden City, Minn Battery D. 427 Ft. Washington Ave., N. Y. C... Battery C. , Battery F. Jefferson, Iowa Battery D. 1388 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. 1 158 1st Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Dubuque, Iowa Battery B. 19 Chestnut St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Payne St., East Aurora, N. Y Battery B. 1404 14th Ave., N. Minneapolis. Min.Battery E. Angola, N. Y Battery A. 829 Park Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. 116 Central Ave., Flushing, L. I Hdqrs. Co. R. D. No. 2, Bolivar, N. Y Battery D. Battery C. 225 E. 89th St., N. Y. C, % Hanlon. Battery B. R. F. D. No. 2, Box 134, Robinsdale, Minn Supply Co. 174 Palmer St., Muskegon, Mich. ...Battery C. 347 Harrison St., St. Paul, Minn Battery E. 33 Cooper St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. 109 W. 24th St., N. Y. C Battery F. 171 Beebe Ave., L. I. City, N. Y Battery C. 1342 Clinton Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.. ..Battery C. 1193 3rd Ave., N. Y. C Supply Co. 143 Dean St., New Bedford, Mass Battery A. Clearfield Iowa Battery D. 10 E. 14th St., N. Y. C Battery A. 316 W. 49th St., New York City Supply Co. Battery B. Sonoma, Cal Battery C. Keokuk, Iowa Battery C. Chestnut St., Cederhurst, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Battery C. 102 Bay St.. Glens Falls, N. Y Battery A. 511 W. 169th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. 304 E. 29th St., N. Y. C, N.Y Battery E. Crookstown, Minn Battery D. 21 Jones St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Valley Junction, Iowa Battery C. 96 Haven Ave., N. Y. C Battery B. R. F. D. No. 1, Herndon, Kansas. .. .Battery C. Wildwood, Minn Battery D. 1059 40th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Sandstone, Minn • .Battery F. 264 Davis Ave., Greenwich, Conn.. . .Battery E. 266 Carmody, William A. . Pvt Emmetsburg, Iowa Battery D. Carr, Charles C Cpl 101 Brent St., Dorchester, Mass Hdqrs. Co. Carroll, Edward Pvt 45-' W. 25th St., X. V. C, X. Y Battery B. Carrol, John J Pvt 134 W. 63rd St., X. V. C Battery A. Carter, Howard C. . . Sgt Xorf oik. Conn Hdqrs. Co. Cartwright, Earl Pvt Detroit. Minn Battery D. Case, Arland B Pvt R. F. D. 1, Painted Post, X. Y Battery F. Cass, Edwin C. .......Cpl 214 E. 69th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Cassell, Robert W. .. Cook 523B E. 85th St., X. Y. C. X. Y Battery A. Cassidy, James A Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Springfield, Minn.. . .Battery C. Cassidy, James F Cpl 10 Stanley Terrace, Lynn, Mass Hdqrs. Co. Castellano, Michael . . Pvt 339 3rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Castle, Albert Cook Eden Centre, Erie Co., N. Y Battery A. Catibiloti A Pvt 349 E. 76th St., X. Y. C. X. Y Battery I:. Caudell. Floyd Pvt Stanton, Ky Battery D. Cavanagh, Charles A. . Pvt 804 E. 182nd St., N. Y. C Battery F. Challeen, James A. . . Pvt Pine City, Minn Battery B. Chapman, Joseph N. ..Pvt 207 Berkeley PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Charles, Moriville J. ..Pvt R. F. D., Sandusky, Cattaraugus Co., X. Y Hdqrs. Co. Charleson, James F. .. Pvt 412B Avlarad St., Los Angeles, Cal.. Battery E. Charley, Albert Pvt Grandy, Minn ; Battery A. Chott, John F Pvt 215 Chestnut St., Fort Madison. la.. .Battery E. Christensen, Axel ....Pvt Ringstead, Iowa Battery D. Christie, Burdette H. .Pvt R. D. Xo. 8, Hastings, Mich Battery E. Christie, Elmer Pvt Osakis, Minn Battery A. Christoffel, J. E Sgt 1 198 Hancock- St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery A. Clackner, John L Sgt 350 Clermont Ave., Brooklyn, X. Y.. Battery D. Clancy, James Pvt 222 South 17th St., Olean, N. Y Battery F. Clark, Adam Pvt Beacon, Iowa -. Battery E. Clark, Bert E Pvt YVinatchi, Wash Supply Co. Clark, Lee R Pvt 400 Washington St., Colfax, Iowa. . .Battery E. Clark, R. H Cpl Fisher's Island, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Clarke, John P Pvt 730 S. Evans Ave., McKeesport, Pa. .Battery F. Clausen, Christian A. .Pvt 3251 Minnehaha Ave., Minneapolis, Minn Battery C. Claviter, Arthur W. ..Pvt 616 4th Ave., International Falls. Minn Battery D. Claypool, William Pvt Pine Island, Minn Battery B. Cleary. William M. ..Pvt 53 West St., Chicopee, Mass Battery D. Cline, Clyde O Pvt Leechburg, Pa Battery F. Coats, Wm. Van R. . . Sgt 240 Audubon, N. Y. C Battery C. Coffeen, Ben Pvt Mound City, Kansas Battery C. Coffey, James J Pvt 513 3rd Ave., N. Y. C Battery D. Coffta, Stanley V Pvt 248 Lackawanna Ave., Sloan. X. Y. .Hdqrs. Co. Cogan, John R Pvt. Battery A. Cohen, Benj. H Cpl 550 W. 157 St., N. Y. C. X. Y Battery B. Cohen, Meyer Pvt 1417 S. Franklin St., Phila., Pa Battery C. Collarissi, Thomas .... Cpl 307 W. 69th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Cole, Walter J Pvt Middlesex, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Coleman, George .... Mech 2274 7th Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Collar, Justin A Pvt 605 W. 144th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Colling, Perry L Pvt no Albro Ave., Springville, N. Y.. . .Battery B. Collings, Jeremiah G. . Pvt 722 Hicks St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Collins, Nicholas . . . . Pvt 114 E. 127th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Colmerauer, Joseph . . Pvt Seneca & Lind Sts., Gardenville, N.Y.Hdqrs. Co. Condon, William B. ..Pvt 1617 7th Ave. S., St. Cloud, Minn.. .Battery F. Conlon, Thomas E. . . Pvt Curlew, Iowa Battery E. Connell, James C Pvt 1221 Maple St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Connell, Levitson Pvt R. F. D. 4, Box 12, Charlotte, N. C. .Battery A. Connelly, Frank T. ..Pvt 28s Franklin St., Norwich, Conn.. . .Battery F. Connelly, James E. ..Pvt 28 Perry St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Connelly, R. A Pvt in Lake St., Newburg, N.Y Battery F. Converse, Verne E. ..Pvt R. F. D. 2, Fairhaven, Minn Battery C. Cook, Edward W Cpl 52 Woodward Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. .Battery F. Cook, Ralph P Cpl 251 5th Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Cookman, Charles A. .Pvt P. O. Box 64, Cowlesville, N. Y Battery B. Coon, Russell G Pvt 2101 Clark St., Des Moines, Iowa. . .Battery E. Coppolo, Alfonso ....Pvt 159 Malvern St., Newark, N. J Hdqrs. Co. Corbett, James J Pvt 263 7th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Corigliano, Santo .... Pvt 52 Sackett St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Cornish, Orin A. Pvt 214 Lenworth PI., S. W., Washing- ton, D. C Battery F. Corrado, Antonio ....Saddler ...33 Crescent St., Swampscott, Mass.. .Battery D. Correll, T. V Pvt R. F. D. 5, Marshall, Mo Corrigan, Charles F. ..Pvt no Pleasant St., New Britain, Conn.Hdqrs. Co. Consentino, Rosario ..Mech 282 Exchange St., Geneva, N. Y Supply Co. Cote, William L : Sgt Warrenburg, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Cox, Louis H Pvt Medical Coyle, Michael Pvt 1274 Ave. A., N. Y. C Battery C. Coyne, Thomas A Cpl 318 W. 125th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Cramblitt, Harry C. . . Pvt 920 Ryan St., Baltimore, Md Battery C. Crean, Peter Pvt 446 Maple St., Holyoke, Mass Battery D. Cristiano, Guissepe ..Pvt McKinley, Minn ' Battery C. Cromwell, H. M Pvt Scranton, Iowa Battery E. Cronin, Thomas J 1st Sgt. . . .618 W. 5th St., Topeka, Kansas Battery B. Crooker, Howard O. . . Cpl 2560 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery A. Crooks, James Sgt 435 36th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Crosby, James E Pvt 353 E. 193rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Cross, Miles E Sgt Eureka, N. Y Battery D. Croy, Walter C Cpl Glencoe, Iowa Battery D. Cucciniello, Louis Sgt 123 Goodrich St., Astoria, L. I., N.Y.Battery A. Cucopules, A Cook 1 12 W. 65th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Cullen, Bernard Bug 504 W. 172nd St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Curnan, Patrick Pvt 2791 8th Ave., N. Y. C .Battery D. Curry, Thomas C Sgt 345 7th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. 268 Curtis, Clarence D. ..Cpl Leedy, Okla Battery A. Cutshell, John L Pvt General Delivery, Livingston Co., Bedford, Mo Battery A. Dallye, William T Sgt /30 S. Evans Ave., McKeesport, Pa.. Battery F. Dalrymple, Fred Pvt 129 E. 23rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Daly, William F Pvt j8i E. 15th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Damato, Anthoney M. .Pvt 479 Adelphia St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Damitz, John F Pvt Box 40, Elkhorn, Nebr Battery A. Danforth, George C . . Sgt Foxcroft, Maine Battery C. Daniels, Joseph Wag 175 Herkimer St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Supply Co. Danielson, George .... Pvt Erskine, Minn Battery A. Darling, George Sgt 611 W. 156th St., N. Y. C Battery D. Darrel, Roscoe R Pvt Twinn, Minn Battery F. Daubert, Elmer E Pvt 2618 W. Silver St., Philadelphia, Pa.. Battery A. Dauwalder, Charles . . Pvt Rochelle Park, N. J Hdqrs. Co. Davies, Leroy S Pvt 47 Park Ave., Englewood, N. J Battery B. Davis, Lloyd S Pvt 4 Park St., Springville, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Dawson, Norman Sgt 3 14 Webster St., Needham Hts., Mas.Battery D. DeCicco, Albert A. ..Pvt West Hoboken, N. J Battery E. Deegan, William A. . . Mech 192 Wycoff Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Di-Lello, Joseph Cook 209 E. 44th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Dehullu, Julian Pvt 41 Snipsie St., Rockville, Conn Battery_A. Deike, Fredk. H. B. ..Pvt 8725 4th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery*E. DelNevo, Anthony. „Sgt 482 W. Broadway, N. Y. C, N. Y.. . .Battery C. Deming, Roy L Pvt 3122 Hiawatha Ave., Minneap., Minn.Battery F. Despino, Salvatore . . Pvt 36 Little Nassau St., Brooklyn, N. Y..Battery A. Dettman, Henry J Pvt Clarence, Iowa Hdqrs. Co. Dever, Willis Pvt Highwood, 111 Battery F. Devoe, Charles R Pvt Oyster Bay, N. Y Battery B. Devorak, C. G Pvt 76 W. 48th St., N: Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Dewey, Henry S Pvt 49 Marigold St., Buffalo, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. DiCaprio, Bernard R. . Cpl Box 15, Skillman, X. J Battery F. Dichich, Mike /.Sgt 252 W. 39th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Dickman, Eldo F Pvt Garnsville, Iowa Battery A. Dignen, Charles B. ..Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Addison. Steuben Co., N. Y Eattery F. Director, Jacob Cook 219 Henry St., N. Y. C Battery F. Dobby, David Cpl 556 St. Paul's PI., N. Y. C, N. Y... .Battery B. Dodrille, Martin Pvt Bergoo, W. Va Medical Doepner, William ....Pvt 640 W. Minnehaha Ave., St. Paul, Minn Battery F. Doherty, Samuel R. ..Bugler ....301 Warwick St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Battery A. Dolfini, Andrew Bd. Ldr. ...136 6th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Dominski, John S Pvt 88 Main St., Hamburg, N. Y Battery A. Dondich, Sam Pvt P. O. Box 206, Aurora, Minn Battery B. Donnelly, John Pvt 412 Prospect Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery D. Donnelly, William J. . . Cpl 1629 W. 32nd Place, Chicago, 111 Battery F. 269 Donnelly, Joseph P. . . Pvt 20 Treadwell Ave., Lynbrook, N. Y..Hdqrs. Co. Donohue, John J Pvt 238 E. 124th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Donovan, Aloysius B. . Pvt 53 North St., Binghamton, N. Y Supply Co. Dorck, John Pvt 232 E. 100th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Dorst, Walter M Wag Hamburg, N. Y Supply Co. Doshna, John Pvt 26 Arlington Ave., Yonkers, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Doty, L. F Cpl 605 W. 181st St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Doubek, Joseph F Pvt General Delivery, Wilson, Kansas. . .Battery B. Dowling, Edward M. . Pvt 227 W. 70th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Downes, Ernest J Pvt 1838 3rd Ave., N. Y. C. .' ; Battery D. Deyo, Ramond Pvt 62 Bunker Hill Ave., Waterbury, Conn Battery A. Doyon, Joseph N Pvt Boyden. Iowa Battery C. Drenth, Klaas Cpl Elsworth, Minn Battery A. Dresch, Frank E Cpl 287 5th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Dreyblatt, Max Bd. Sgt. . .325 E. Houston St., N. Y. C, N. Y.. .Hdqrs. Co. Dries, F. G 1st Sgt. . . .Southold, L. I., N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Driscoll, Robert E. ..Pvt 962 W. 28th St., Erie, Pa Supply Co. Drosendahl, W. H. Jr. .Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Wales Center, N. Y. Battery E. Ducharme, Joseph A. .Pvt. R. F. D. Box 174, N. St. Paul, Minn.Battery C. Ducharme, Theodore .Pvt R. R. No. 1, Red Lake Falls, Minn.. .Battery B. Dunham, James Pvt Prospect Park, Hamburg, N. Y Battery A. Dunn, Bernard J Pvt Box 164, Cascade, Iowa Battery B. Dunn, John J Pvt P. O. Box 209, Glen Cove, L. I., N. Y.Hdqrs. Co. Dunning, Morris M. . . Pvt R. F. D., Cuba, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Dunphy, John J. .....Sgt 23 Winifred St., Middle Village, L. I., N. Y Battery E. Duphorne, Otto D. ..Pvt Gen. Del., Sharon Springs, Kas Battery B. Durkin, Roy E Pvt 740 8th St., Niagara Falls, N. Y Battery C. Durling, Ray W Sgt 57 W. 92nd St., N. Y. C ,. . . . Battery E. Dyblass, Charles W. ..Pvt. .= 694 E. 138th St., N. Y. C, N. Y. ...Battery B. Dyer, Thomas B Pvt 27 Lawn Ave., Pawtucket, R. I Battery D. Eannuzzo, Guesseppe .Pvt Fragona Provensi, Gorgenti, Italy. . .Battery F. Eaton, Christopher ..Pvt 353 W. 44th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Edgerton, Abel J Pvt 597 E. 136th St.. Bronx, N. Y Battery B. Edgerton, Lester M. . . Pvt 311 Hall Ave., Solvay, N. Y Battery A. Egan, John Sgt 2120 Crotona Ave., Bronx, N. Y Battery B. Egan, William J Pvt 1227 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery F. Ehlers, Paul Pvt 619 Gaines St., Davenport, Iowa Battery E. Elmer, Harry F Pvt Union Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Eichele, Otto Pvt 224 3rd St., New Dorp, S. I., N. Y.. .Battery C. Eisele, Albert J Pvt Orchard Park, N. Y ' Battery E. Eisenberg, Albert ....Mus 97 Norfolk St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Elko, Edward Cpl 2780 Ambler St., Cleveland, Ohio. . .Battery A. Emerson, Robert M. . . Pvt 3 Clifford Ave., Ware, Mass Battery D. Emil, Anders Cpl 938 55th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Engen, Helmar J Pvt Highwater, Minn. Battery B. 270 Engstrom, F. C Pvt R. F. D. No. i, Garfield, Minn Battery E. Epstein, Abraham L. . . Pvt 87 Goerck St., N. Y. C Medical Ess, Floyd Cpl 296 Grove St., East Aurora, N. Y.. . .Battery E. Evans, Esli M Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Weldon, Iowa Battery B. Everitt, Seward C Pvt Hammondsport, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Ewinger, Wesley F. ..Pvt 214 N. Main St., Burlington, Iowa. .Battery A. Fairchild, George ....Pvt Packwood, Iowa Battery E. Fancher, Allen R Pvt Perrysburg, N. Y Battery C. Farber, Charley A. . . Pvt R. F. D. 5, Erie, Pa Battery B. Farber, Harl Pvt R. F. D., Hoxie, Kansas Battery B. Farley, Christ Pvt 351 Kentucky St., St. Paul, Minn.. . .Battery E. Farni, Charles N Pvt R. F. D. 1, Durango, Iowa Battery B. Farrell, Patrick J Pvt 426 W. 48th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Farrell, W. A Pvt 27968th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Farren, John J Pvt 4 Hallock St., Amherst, Mass Battery D. Fatseas, Paul Pvt 673 3rd Ave'.,'N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Feinberg, Sam Pvt 1.545 44th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Feldweg, Edward H. .Pvt 137 5th St., Elizabeth, N. J Battery A. Fenneran, Bert T Pvt Humphrey, N. Y Battery C. Fieldly, John O. V. ..Pvt 650 Henry St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Fink, Albert A Cpl 425 E. 120th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Fink, Max Pvt 34 Garden St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery, F. Finkelstein, Harry Pvt 2771 W. 36th St., Coney Island, N. Y.Battery F. Finnegan, Dennis . . . . Sgt 629 Hamburg Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. .Supply Co. Fischer. A.J Pvt 1625 6th St., N. Minneapolis, Minn. . . Battery E. Fischer, George E Sgt Battery C. Fischer, Joseph W. . . Sgt 146 E. 98th St., N. Y. C Battery C. Fisher, Mike J Pvt 140 Exchange St., Chicopee, Mass.. .Battery D. Fisher, William F Pvt 453 E. 78th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Fitzgerald, Nicholas ..Pvt 144 Sargeant St., Holyoke, Mass.. . .Battery D. Flienes, Alvin Pvt International Falls, Minn Battery E. Fleitman, Abraham . . Mus 35 Spring St., Boston, Mass Hdqrs. Co. Fleming, Bert F Pvt 1 16 Washington Ave., Minneapolis. Minn Battery A. Fleming, Gerald Pvt 540 W. 159th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Fleming, William A. . . Pvt R. F. D. 1, Concordia, Mo Flynn, James P Sgt 60 16th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Flynn, William J Pvt 511 S. Bridge St., Holyoke, Mass.. . .Battery D. Foley, Henry Mech 807 W. 17th St., Omaha, Neb Battery A. Follett, Carlyle W. ..Pvt Machias, N. Y. Hdqrs. Co. Foose, Edward W. ..Pvt Blasdell, N. Y Battery A. Foote, Perrie Pvt Raymond, Minn Battery B. Fosano, Tony Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Foster, Philip W H: shoer ..97 W. 9th St., Oswego, N. Y Battery D. Fox, Andrew J Pvt 38 Pearl St., Springville, N. Y Battery B. -Fox, Isidore J Pvt 129 W. 112th St., N. Y. C, N. Y,. ... .Battery B. Frank, August H Cpl 389 3rd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. 27I Franz, Oscar Pvt 772 St. Nicholas Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.Battery F. Frazier, Lewis -Pvt R. F. D. No. 3, Malvern, Iowa Battery B. Frazier, Louis S Pvt 187 Front St., Buffalo, N. Y Supply Co. Fredericksen, F. A. ..Pvt Box 315, Tyler, Minn Battery C. Freedman, Robert . . . . Cpl 628 W. 151st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Freehof, Marty L Pvt 41 E. North St., Wilkesbarre, Pa.. . .Battery A. Freeman, Benj Pvt 20 Rutger PL, N. Y. C Battery D. Freidberg, Benj Pvt 116 W. 129th St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery B. French, Arthur Mus 760 2nd Ave., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. French, Neal M Pvt 6722 Agnes Ave., Kansas City, Mo.. Battery A. French, Oscar L 1st. Sgt. ...1506 15th St., Nitro, W. Va Battery D. Frey, Harry C Pvt 155 Audubon Ave., N. Y. C.,N. Y.. .Battery C. Frid, Cha'r'les J Pvt 345 Fulton St., St. Paul, Ramsay, Minn Battery D. Freidman, H Pvt 1879 Sterling PI., Brooklyn, N. Y.. . .Battery E. Friedricksen, Emil ..Pvt Kiron, Iowa Battery C. Fromm, Louis Pvt 500 W. 175th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Fuchs, Peilet Pvt 2317 Westchester Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Fuller, Frederick C. . . Pvt Cordanville, Mass Battery D. Fullhardt, William ..Pvt 1752 1st Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Gallenz, Valentine Pvt Pleasant Valley. N. Y Battery C. Galli, Louis Pvt 728 Garfield St., Eveleth, Minn Hdqrs. Co. Gallo, Ernest Pvt 333 E. 120th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Gallo, Gus Pvt Newton, N. J Battery C. Gambel, Edward Mech 1437 2nd Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Gardali, Chas Pvt 19 Summer Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Supply Co. Garner, George L Pvt Potosi, Wisconsin Battery D. Garrison, Charles ....Cpl Bay 20th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Gasper, John G Pvt 525 21st Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn.. Battery F. Gaudazno, Ralph Pvt 2037 1st Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Gaughn, Thomas J Pvt 70 Iglehart Ave., St. Paul, Minn. ...Battery C. Gavin, Bernard M. ..Pvt 702 W. Healey St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co', Geery, Duncan F Sgt 64 Clark St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Gehrke, George W. ...Pvt Route 4, Jackson, Minn Battery A. Geise, Henry M Pvt 2000 3rd Ave., N. Y. C Ordnance Gerard, Louis Pvt 267 W. 40th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Gerardo, Lewis Pvt 297 Mott St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Geyer, Charles G Cook 86 Himrod St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Ghelardi, Anthony F. .Sgt 645 40th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Giambruno, E. ...... Pvt 266]/, William St., N. Y. C, N. Y.. . . Battery C. Gilbert, Frank J Pvt 136 Maple St., East Aurora, N. Y. . . Supply Co. Gillis, Williamson Pvt 18 Cedar St., Stapleton, S. I., N. Y.. Battery B. Gilmore, Michael Pvt 1582 3rd Ave., N. Y. C Supply Co. Gilmour, Arthur E. ..Pvt 14 Park Ave., Winchester, Mass Hdqrs. Co. Gilmour, James Pvt East Grand Forks, Minn Battery D. Gilway, J. J Sgt 161 Eagle St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. 272 Gimmey, Chas. E Pvt 292 Hickory St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery A. Ginsberg, Leonard Sgt 935 St. Nicolas Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Glass, Joseph Cpl 170 Broadway, N. Y. C Battery D. Glauber, Jerome H. . . Cpl 535 W. 162nd St., N. Y. C. , Battery B. Glauber, Nathan S. ..Pvt 535 W. 162nd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Gleason, Jos. M Sgt 476 Main St. Poughkeepsie, X. Y.. .Battery D. Gleason, William J. ..Cpl 307 E. 37th St., N. Y. C„ N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Glover, William H. ..Pvt 78 Harrison St., N. Britain, Conn.. . .Battery A. Godfrey, Peter Pvt 470 St. Anthony St., St. Paul, Minn.. Battery A. Godoy, Frank Mus Barros, Porto Rico Hdqrs. Co. Godwin, Frank A Sgt Ordnance Goebel, John M Ch. Mech.. .Roosevelt Ave., Inwood, L. I.. N. Y.. Battery E. Goldberg, Max Pvt 1600 Madison Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.. .Battery A. Goldsmith, Joseph Cpl 700 W. 179th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Goldschmidt, R. O. ..Cpl 641 Ward St., Richmond Hill, N. Y.. Hdqrs. Co. Golnb, Herman A Pvt 321 Fernwood Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Medical Gonzales, Joseph Pvt ' ; 5 W. 36th St., N. Y. C Battery E_ Goodman, Frank ....Pvt 522 W. 3rd St.. Bloomington. Ind.. . .Battery D. Goodwin, James A. . . Cpl 370 W. 29th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Gordon, Warner A. ..Pvt General Delivery, Bunker, Missouri. Supply Co. Gorman, A. T Sgt 37 W. 87th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Gorman, Clarence P. . . Pvt 1 02 Waverly PI., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Gorrell, T. V ■. Pvt Battery B. Grace, George Pvt Battery E. Graham, Lawrence F. . p v t 444 St. Xicholas Ave., N. Y. C Ordnance Graham, Revard Pvt 1294 Bushwick Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.Hdqrs. Co. Graham, William L. . . Pvt 129 S. nth St., Olean, N. Y Battery F. Grandin, Victor S. ..Sgt 602 W. 146th St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery D. Gravany, John C p v t 219 E. 76th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Graves, Victor H Pvt 463 W. 2nd St., Elmira, N. Y Battery D. Graves, Wayne K p v t Chaffee, N. Y Battery B. Gray, Daniel Pvt 3l2 W. 51st St., N. Y. C Battery B. Green, Warner p v t Humbolt PI.. Depew, Erie Co., N. Y. Battery A. Greenbaum, Louis Pvt 502 W. 176th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Greenberg, Herman J. . p v t 233 Vernon Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Greenfield, J. T Sgt Battery C. Gregg, James Cpl 310 W. 121st St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery C. Gregory, Christopher . p v t 134 W. 20th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Greim, Frank J Pvt Ottawa, N. Y Battery C. Grenz, Edward Pvt 643 E. 7th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Grieves, Edward ....Pvt Big Timber, Montana Battery D. Griffin, George J Pvt 2832 Cortland St., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery F. Griffith, A. C Pvt Chrisman, 111 Battery E. Griffith, Glenn M Pvt Arcade, N. Y Medical Grogan, Joseph E Pvt 115 Wolcott St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Grohs, Raymond J. . . Ch. Mech. ..44 Lynbrook Ave., Lynbrook, L. I., N. Y Battery B. Grunauer, Mortimer ..Sgt 323 Edgecombe Ave., N. Y. C. N. Y.Hdqrs. Co. ^73 Gronback, Ragner K. . Cpl .3847 N. Whipple St., Chicago, 111. . . . Battery C. Grundt, Michael Pvt 1483 5th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Grunditz, Hjelmer R. .Pvt 3932 13th Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn.Battery F. Grunfast, Isidore ....Pvt 499 Hendrix St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Medical Guenther, Albert ....Pvt 19 London St., Buffalo, N, Y Battery F. Guida, Apthony Pvt 313 E. 48th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Gronewald, Henry H. shoer . . Sibley, Iowa Supply Co. Gwynne, William .... Wag 431 E. 17th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Haag, John G Wag Sumner, Iowa Supply Co. Hagan, James F Pvt 128 E. 112th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Hagan, James J. Jr. ..Cpl 172 W. 82nd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Hagman, Roy W Pvt 223 W. 13th St., N. Y. C Battery C. Hahn, Andrew Bn. Cpl. ...241 Central Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Haley, Wesley H Mech 565 W. 148th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Hall, Joseph ; Pvt South Coventry, Conn Battery E. Hallbauer, Walter C.Pvt 509 Broadway, S. Boston, Mass Battery A. Halligan, Jos. J Pvt 413 Vanderbilt St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. . Battery C. Halverson, John Pvt 712 S. nth St., Esterville, Iowa Battery A. Halverson, C. O Pvt Waseca, Minn Battery C. Hamburg, Norvin ,Pvt R. No. 1, Box 92, Oakland, Minn. ...Battery A. Hamff, William Pvt 6 Allen St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Hammerschmidt, J. . . Pvt 304 E. 85th St., N. Y. C. : Battery A. Hanft, William A. Jr. . Sgt 100 Hudson St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Hanner, Robert F. ..Pvt 711 Church St., Greensboro, N. C. .Hdqrs. Co. Hannon, Thomas J. ..Pvt 10 Ridgefield St., Dorchester, Mass.. Battery E. Hanrahan, Michael J. .Pvt 317 W. 142nd St., N. Y. C, ,N; Y.. .Battery B. Hansen, Harry 1. . Pvt R. R: No. 2, West Burlington, Iowa. Battery F. Hansen, Henry Pvt 208 E. 21st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Hansen, Warner J. ..Pvt 806 42nd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Hanson, Otto Pvt Foley, Minn Battery E. Harknett, George Sgt 1296 Shakespeare Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Harper, Henry J Pvt Potosi, Mo Battery B. Harper, Martin B Pvt. Peoria Heights, Peoria, 111 Battery C. Harrington, E. O Pvt 404 Park Ave., Herkimer, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Harrington, Jeremiah .Cpl 122 W. 84th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Harris, Harry Pvt 122 W. 104th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Harrison, Henry D. . . Sgt Eldred, Pa •. . Hdqrs. Co. Hart, John A Mus 165 W. 126th St., N. Y C, N. Y... Hdqrs. Co. Harvey, George W. . . Sgt 1371 Shakespeare Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Hauenstein, Antony . . Pvt 191 Avenue B, N. Y. C. . . . , Battery C. Hausman, John B Pvt 172 Shelton Ave., Jamaica, >L. I., N. Y. ■...».• Battery A. -Hawkins, William J. . . Pvt Walnut St., Pawling, N. . Y Supply Co. Hawkinson, Peter A. .Pvt 503 E. Belvedere St., St.- Paul, Minn.Battery A. ■ Haw ley, Henry S. ....Pvt Pelham Road, Amherst, Mass Battery D. ■Hayes, Delmor- . 1. .:. . Pvt Pleasantville, - Iowa Battery E. 274 Hayden, Thomas F. . . Pvt 203 W. 88th St., N. Y. C„ N. Y Supply Co. Haynes, Edward Cpl 54 Remsen St., Brooklyn, N, Y Hdqrs. Co. Haynes, Daniel E. ..Pvt 231 Morgan St., Tonawanda, N. Y.. .Battery E. Head, Edward J Sgt 48 Convent Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Headings, John S Pvt R. F. D. 5, Hutchinson, Kansas Battery B. Healzig, Charles Pvt 114 E. 105th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Heaney, James J Pvt 1882 Park Ave.. N. Y. C, ,N. Y Supply Co. Hecht, Theodore .... Pvt 560 W. 149th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Hedenus, George W. .Pvt 208 E. 95th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Hedinger, Richard, Jr. . Pvt 611 Westchester Ave.. N. Y. C, N. Y. Battery C. Hefferman, Joseph J. .Pvt 112 St. Mark's PI.. Brooklyn, N. Y.. Medical Heldt, George Mech 221 E. 88th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Helgans, Harry Cpl 89 Elton St., Broklyn, N. Y Battery B. Heller, J. A., Jr Pvt 219 E. 114th St., N. Y. C N. Y Battery D. Heller, Max J Pvt 3 Sheriff St., N. Y. C. N. Y Battery A. Hellman, Harvey W. .Pvt Manchester, St. Louis Co., Mo Battery B. Helman, Jack Pvt 363 E. 51st St., Brooklyn. N. Y Battery A. Henley, Maurice Pvt 215 Lee Ave., Brooklyn, X. Y Battery A. Henky, Theo Pvt 188 Elderds Lane, Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery B. Hennessy, Sylvester ..Pvt 300 W. 147th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Henry, John F Pvt 814 North St.. Collingdale, Pa Supply Co. Herfort, Gunther .... Cpl 570 W. 189th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Herman, Benedict Pvt 213 Henry St.. N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Hergenrother, E. H. .Pvt 462 Chestnut St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Herrick, William G. . . Pvt Perrysburg, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Heron, Thomas J Pvt 165 E. 49th St.. N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Heyl, Robert C, Jr. .. Sgt Wynnewood, Pa Hdqrs. Co. Hicks, Alexander Pvt 558 W. 148th St.. N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Higbee, Norman Sgt. Maj.. .R. F. D. No. 2, Milleville, N. J Hdqrs. Co. Hill, Horace J Pvt. .......Lost Creek, Tenn Battery F. Hill, Irving H Sgt 118 Warren St., N. Y. C Battery B. Hill, lames A Pvt 215 Liberty, Bath, X. Y Battery F. Hiltensmith, Albert J. .As. Bd. Lr.. Richmond Hill, L. I., N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Hines, Edwin S Pvt 474 W. 158th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Hirsch, M. D Sgt 98 Sheriff St.. N. Y. C Battery B. Hirsch, Vincent R. . H Pvt Pound Rd., Spring Brook, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Hoag, Martin J Cpl Wingdale. N. Y Battery C. Hochreiter, John B. ..Pvt Main St., West Falls, N. Y Battery E. Hodel, Joseph M., Jr. .Pvt no S. nth Ave., Whitestone, N. Y.. .Battery D. Hodge, Carl V Pvt Hastings. Iowa Battery E. Hodson, George F. ..Pvt Orchard Park, Erie Co., N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Hoey, Alfred E Sgt 477 W. 143rd St.. N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Hoffman, Abraham ..Cpl 214 Lynch St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Hoffman, George H. ..Cpl R. F. D. No. 2, Hempstead, L. I Ordnance Hoffman, Jacob H. ..Cpl 763 Fresh Pond Rd., Bklyn., N. Y... Battery F. Hoffman, William J. .. Pvt Mclntyre, Iowa Battery D. Hogan, Bernard J. .«Pvt 502 W. 53rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Hogarth, Robert .... Sgt Jericho, L. I., N. Y Supply Co. 275 Hoggerle, Joseph A.. . Pvt 423 S. 10th St., Minneapolis, Minn.. .Battery D. Hogg, Joseph A Bd. Cpl. ...154 Garfield PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Holder, Edward P. . . Sgt Battery B. Hollock, William H. . . Pvt General Delivery, Maiden, Mo Battery B. Holmes, Arthur Sgt 182 St. Mark's Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.Ordnance Hoover, Paul J Pvt Scotland, Pa. .-. Battery A. Hopkins, William V. ,. . ( Pvt 342 E. 65th St., N. Y. C., N. Y Battery F. Hornung, Harry E. ..Pvt 207 Adams St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery E. Hornung, John J P v t 305 W. 146th St., N. Y. C., N. Y Battery D. Horton, Gerald C Cpl William St., Hammondsport, N. Y... Battery F. Hotchkiss, Eugene E. .Pvt 218 Stenvenson St., Buffalo, N. Y... Battery A. Houseman, H. T Pvt Battery B. Hovey, Harris Pvt R. No. 3, Grove City, Minn Battery C. Howard, George F. ...Pvt 243 Division St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Howell, Floyd Pvt Bens Run, W, Va Medical Howley, John Pvt 638 3rd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Hoyt, Henry C Sgt 558 Woodward Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Battery A. Huback, Frank Cpl Mobridge, So. Dakota Battery E. Hudson, E. P Pvt 376 W. 48th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Hughes, Clifford L. ,. ..Pvt Farmersville, N. Y Supply Co. Humbert, Joseph S. ..Wag 133 Duerstein Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. ..Battery A. Humphreys, H. J Pvt 378 Bay St., Tompkinsville, S. I., N. Y Battery E. Humphrey, William . . Sgt 242 E. 48th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Hunt, Dominic P Pvt 1330 E. 24th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. . . . Battery A. Hunter, John E Sgt 546 Broadway, Astoria, N. Y Battery A. Hurwitz, Ely Pvt ni7Westchester Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y. Battery A. Hutchinson, H. S Cpl 164 Ash Ave., Flushing, L. I., N. Y.. Battery B. Hyde, Joe R Pvt Inglett, Lloyd M H. shoer ..Prosper, Minn. Battery F. Ireland, Frank Pvt 1568 Madison Ave., N. Y.. C, N. Y. . . Supply Co. Isaacs, Lester Cpl 1064 57th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Izmialowicy, Ignacy . . Pvt Battery D. Jackson, John A Pvt Battery E. Jackson, Lloyd B Pvt Newmarket, Iowa • Battery D. R. F. D. No. 1, N. St, Paul St., Jackson, Wayne L. ..Pvt Cameron, Steuben Co., -N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Jacob, William R Mech I732 Holland Ave., Bronx-, N. Y., ... Battery C. Jacboson, William Cpl 731 E. 10th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ..:.. Battery D. Jeager, Albert E Pvt 340 Kaufman Ave., Dubuque, Iowa. . Battery B. Jaekle, Jacob Sgt 1218 N. Union, Olean, N. Y Battery F. Jakob, Frederick L. . Pvt 332 E. 94th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. James, Ashton Pvt East Lynn, Mass. Battery B. James, Emile, Jr Pvt. 137 W. 13th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Janulewicz, John ....Pvt in Lemon St., Holyoke, Mass. .....Battery D. Jay, Albert C Pvt 424 Harrison St., Pottsville,. Pa= . Battery C. 276 Jeanette, Louie Pvt 12 nth Ave., W. Duluth, Minn Battery C. Jeffers, William J Sgt 1807 S. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.. . .Battery F. Jemma, Vincent Cpl 25 New Bowery, N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Jensen, Cris H p v t R. F. D. No. 9, Penn Yan, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Jensen, Oscar Pvt R. No. 1, West Gate, Iowa Battery B. Jewell, Joseph p v t Wallingford, Vt Battery D. Jewell, Robert p v t 217 N. 2nd St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Joa, Christian p v t R. No. 1, Box 88, Rosco, Minn Battery E. Johansen, C. L p v t Fordensold, Minn Battery C. Johansen, Ingvarda . . Pvt 3904 Gold St., Omaha, Neb Battery F. Johns, Alfred A Cpl 296 Ravine Lane, Rochester, N. Y... Hdqrs. Co. Johnson, Claus ..Pvt R. R. 2, Madelia, Iowa Battery D. Johnson, Edward Pvt Park Ridge, N.J Hdqrs. Co. Johnson, Edward T. ..Pvt Buffalo St., Elkland, Pa Hdqrs. Co. Johnson, Edwin G. ..Pvt 8 Charles PI., Woodhaven, N. Y Battery D. Johnson, Elmer A. ..Sgt 1010 Haynes St., Ottumwa, Iowa. .. .Hdqrs. Co. Johnson, Gilbert A. ..Pvt Route No. 6, Atwater, Minn Battery F. Johnson, Harold L. ..Pvt Bonapart, Iowa Battery B. Johnson, Harry W. ..Pvt 2316 Monroe St., Minneapolis, Minn.Hdqrs. Co. Johnson, Joseph E. ..Sgt 52 Irving PI., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Johnson, W. C Pvt Audubon, Minn ..Battery E. Johnston, James J. ..Sgt 30 Greenwood Ave., Richmond Hill. N. Y Battery C. Jonas, James E Cpl 419 W. 129th St., N. Y. C, N. Y. . . . Battery D. Jones, Arthur T Sgt 625 W. 138th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Jones, Thomas H Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Bonair, Iowa Battery A. Jorden, Frank R Pvt 114 Wayne St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Jorschumb, Emil A. ..Pvt Dumont, Minn Battery E. Jung, Theo. A Sgt Fifth St., Bay Side, N. Y Battery A. Jurgensen, Harry ....Pvt 404 Woodbury St., Marshalltown, Ia.Battery B. Kaiser, Harry H. shoer ..Rolfe, Iowa Battery C. Kaiser, W. B Pvt Janesville, Minn Battery E. Kalf, Edward Pvt Wellsville, N. Y Battery D. Kalle, Lewis W Pvt R. F. D. 1, Box 26, Ebenezer, N. Y.. Battery A. Ramus, Louis Pvt 95 W. 119th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Kane, Hiram C Pvt General Delivery, Lackawanna, N. Y.Battery A. Kaplan, Phillip p vt 165 E. 89th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Kaplan, Samuel Pvt 3037 W. 23rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ...Battery E. Karlson, Wesley Sgt 20 W. 129th St., N. Y. C Battery F. Karolowsky, Stanis ..Pvt 47 Beck St., Buffalo, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Karp, Joseph D Pvt 1520 Charlotte St., N. Y. C, N. Y.. .Battery A. Kassner, George Mech Locust Valley, L. I., N. Y Battery C. Kaula, Edgar T Sgt 38 Richdale Ave., Boston, Mass Battery E. Kavanagh, Michael ..Pvt 259 W. 45th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Keane, George J Sgt 309 Grant Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Keenan, George E. ..Sgt Lindley, N. Y Battery C. Kegley, Robert R Pvt General Delivery, McDough, Ark. ... Battery B. 277 Keller, G. G., Jr Cpl 211 and Ave., N. Pelham, N. Y Battery A. Keller, Henry F Pvt 32 Western Ave., Elmhurst, N. Y... Battery D. Kelly, Bernard F Wag 116 N. 2nd St., Olean, N. Y Supply Co. Kelly, James Pvt 566 Amsterdam Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Kelly, John D Pvt 925 8th Ave,, N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Kelly, Martin Pvt 4 Brown Place, Maspeth, N. Y Battery E. Kelly, Thomas Pvt 96 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Kennedy, Bernard F. . Pvt 443 10th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Kennedy, Joseph Pvt 300 W. 141st St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Hdqrs. Co. Kennedy, M.J Pvt •. 157 Albany Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Kennedy, Theo ,. . Sgt 140 East End Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Kenning, Bert H Pvt Manson, Iowa Battery C. Kewney, John P Cpl 217 McCrea St., Indianapolis, Ind... Hdqrs. Co. Kielty, Thomas Cpl 234 Bradhurst Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.. Battery C. Kiely, Thomas J Bug 237 E. 87th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Kiernan, F. G Pvt 1644 E. 21st St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Kiernan, Thomas Pvt 2266 Amsterdam Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.Battery E. Kiernan, Joseph J Pvt 48 Charlton St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Kilburn, Cecil E Pvt Dellevan, N. Y Battery A. Killen, John R Pvt Fillmore, Mo Battery B. Kilroy, E. L Pvt 209 Sterling PL, Brooklyn, N. Y.... Hdqrs. Co. Kimble, Leslie D 3d CI. -Mu.. Painted Post, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Kimball, Alson D Sgt 86 4th St., Garden City, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. King, Fred J Pvt 42 Park Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. King, Henry D Pvt Gouvick, Minn Battery B. Kingsland, Edwin Pvt 157 W. 98th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Kingsley, William J. .Wag 253 Clinton St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Kingston, George S. . . Pvt 272 W. 94th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Kinnonen, Alek ......Pvt 561 1 Albany Ave., Station B, South Superior, Wis Battery E. Kittleman, Fred. Bug 1115 W. Sullivan St., Olean, N. Y.. .Battery F. Klan, William J Cpl 46 6th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y ...Battery F. Klein, George Pvt 48 Olcott PI., Pine Hill, Buffalo, N.Y.Hdqrs. Co. Kleinhaus, Arnold Sgt 1472 Madison Ave., N. Y. C Medical Klesmer, Irving Pvt 746 Driggs Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Klinger, Leon Pvt 438 W. 123rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery C. Klink, Edward Pvt Ebenezer, N. Y Battery B. Kluczynski, Wm. H. ..Pvt 72 Clark St., Buffalo, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Klyne, Robert R Pvt 211 N. i3th St., Olean, N. Y Battery F. Knappen, John E Pvt Dale, Minn Battery C. Kneer, Harry Pvt 371 Amsterdam Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.Hdqrs. Co. Knox, Clayton Y Cpl Painted Post, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Koclanis, George Pvt 120 W. Grand Ave., Chicago, 111 Battery F. Koelfgen, John Cpl 2319 Madison St., N. E., Minneapolis, Minn Battery A. Koen, William H Cpl 254 Atlantic .Av., E. Rockaway, N. Y.Battery D. Koster, C. H p vt Paullino, Iowa Battery E. Kofrom, E. F Cpl Garner, Iowa •• : ; Battery E. 278 Kohnen, Franklin M. . Pvt Lock Box 24, Blaisdell, N. Y Battery A. Kominsky, Irving Cpl 387 S. 4th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Kory, Louis Pvt 2125 67th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Kosky, Raymond Sgt 25 Croton Terrace, Yonkers, N. Y.. Battery F. Kosmider, Frank J. ..Cpl 207 27th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Kotrba, Walter Cpl 420 E. 73rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Kouw, John Pvt 21 Pine St., Zeeland, Mich Battery D. Krajewski, Frank J. ..Pvt 165 Bright St., Forks, N. Y Battery A. Krajewski, Stanley F. .Pvt 944 Farrington Ave., St. Paul, Minn.. Battery E. Krakat, Charles Pvt 1018 River St., Olean, N. Y Battery F. Kras, Thomas 2d CI. MU..2245 Hughes Ave., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Krauss, William Sgt 168 Himrod St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Kremler, Alfred L. ..Pvt 369 Sumpter St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Battery C. Krepps, Henry Pvt Machias, N. Y Battery C. Kreter, Charles F. .....Sgt 167 E. ooth St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Kroeger, John W Sgt 115 Maurice Ave., Elmhurst, L. I., N. Y Battery E. Kroeger, Walter H. ..Pvt 75 Lynch St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Kucharski, Walter ....Cook 867 52nd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Kuhl, Arbie H Pvt Hardman, W. Va Medical Kuehmel, Otto Pvt Battery C. Kulstad, J. M Pvt Halsted, Minn Battery E. Kumpa, Phillip J Pvt 416 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Kundin, Irving Bug 887 Longwood Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.. Battery C. Kurzman, Abraham ..Pvt 2180 Madison Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Kvalheim,R.O Pvt Ortonville, Minn Battery D. La Count, Louis Pvt Highlander, Minn Battery B. Lafava, Fred Pvt Bandette. Minn ...Battery F. Lafleur, Napoleon A. ..Pvt Chapin Ave., Chicopee, Mass Battery D. Laine, John J Sgt 1090 St. Nicholas Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Lajambe, Norman Pvt Toppinish, Wash Battery C. Lalicker, Verne P Pvt Ipava, 111 Battery A. Lambe, Joseph Cpl 262 W. 153rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Lambert, Robert H. ..Sgt 100 Douglass St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Battery B. Lammers, George Pvt 463 W. 46th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Lampley, Herman ....Pvt 920 Scovel St., Nashville, Tenn Battery E. Lanieski, Alexander ..Pvt New Hyde Park, L. I., N. Y Battery B. Lazarone, Ignacius H. .Pvt 60 Jefferson St., Brooklyn Battery D. La Rosa, Augustina ..Cook 109 Pearl St., Portchester, N. Y Battery E. Larson, Arthur E Pvt R. R. No. 2, Long Prairie, Minn Battery A. Larson, Charles A. ..Pvt 2676 Zullette Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Larson, John Pvt 2219 Central Ave., Minneapolis, Min.Supply Co. Latta, Raymond S. ..Pvt 1 119 Parker St., McKeesport, Pa Hdqrs. Co. Lattimer, J. M Sgt 691 9th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Laudiero, Nicholas ..Pvt 34 Vermilyea Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Lauri, Francesco ....Pvt 647 First Ave., West Haven, Conn.. .Hdqrs. Co. Law, Edmund W Pvt 335 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. 279 Lawler, Michael J Pvt 920 Homer St., dean, N. Y Battery F. Leach, Roy E Pvt Glydon, Minn Battery C. Leahy, Patrick J., Jr. . . Cpl Ordnance Lease, Earl R Pvt 834 Washington St., Reading, Pa.. . .Battery A. Leavenworth, Louis ..Pvt 11312 Anthrope Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I., N. Y Battery E. Lebert, Euclid Pvt 139 Liberty St., N. Adams, Mass. . . . Battery D. Lecce, Pellegrino 1st CI. MU..2278 First Ave., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Lechner, Harry C. Pvt 449 E. 58th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Lee, Herbert F Cpl 124 Lynch St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Lehtinen, William Pvt 238 Irving Ave., N. Minneapolis, Min.Battery A. Leken, Mike Pvt St Paul, Minn Battery C. Lemaire, William Cpl 79 Drew Ave., Union Course, L. I., N. Y Battery C. Lemmermeyer, M., Jr.. Cpl 241 61st St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Lemmon, Albert K...Pvt 738 E. 20th St., Pittsburg, Kan Battery B. Lemon, Fred Pvt R. F. D. Route No. 1, Allegany, N. Y.Battery F. Lendzun, John Pvt 360 3rd Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Lennon, Ralph A Pvt Genesee St., New Briton, N. Y Battery E. Lentz, Phillip 3d CI. MU..774 Sackman St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Hdqrs. Co. Leonard, Fred L Pvt 614 Homer St., Olean, N. Y Battery F. Leonard, Walter L. ..Pvt 114 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y -Hdqrs. 'Co. L'Etoile, Joseph O. ..Cpl 66 Belmont Ave., Winchendon, Mass. Battery F. Leudesdorff, J. O Pvt 59 Palmetto St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Leva, Salvatore Pvt 730 Light St., Baltimore, Md Battery F. Leverentz, John F. ..Pvt Spring Brook, N. Y Battery A. Levine, Arthur Pvt 1429 5th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Levine, Isidor Pvt 144 E. Broadway, N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Levine, Stephen J Cpl 2872 Bailey Ave., Kingsbridge, N. Y.Battery D. Levinson, David D. . . Ord. Sgt. . . Ordnance Levison, Herbert S Cpl 436 Greene Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Levison, Irving p v t 307 E. 89th St, N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Lincoln, Fred C Pvt Prescott, Mass Battery D. Lindgren, Ansel Pvt Leonard, Minn Battery C. Lindgren, Edwin A. ..Pvt Madrid, Iowa Battery D. Linsley, Manley A. ..Pvt. Mt Auburn,. Iowa Battery C. Lipsky, Sam Pvt 167 Ridge St, N. Y. G, N. Y. . ../.Supply Co. Livingston, Benjamin .Cpl 550 W. 180th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Lobozzito, Antonio ..Pvt Terry, Mont Battery A. Loeffler, John Pvt. .......258 Steinway Ave., Astoria, N. Y... Battery E. Logan, Russell A'. Pvt 1125 S. Clinton St., Trenton, N. J.... Medical Lohrer, Henry Pvt Ordnance Lokay, Henry E Pvt Jericho, N. Y Battery F. Long, Raymond R. ..Pvt 160 Pine Ridge Rd., Cheektowago, N. Y. Medical Lorenz, Keith Ord. Sgt. . . Ordnance Lorenzen, Herman W. .Pvt Lake Benton, Minn Battery C. Loving, Frank B., Jr. . Sgt Oyster Bay, N. Y Battery B. 280 Lowell, John B Sgt 599 7th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Lowery, John F Wag 159 W. 99th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Luckey, Robert J Pvt 946 Lorimer St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Ludlow, Raplh J Pvt Ripley. N. Y Battery A. Ludwig, Oscar Mech 54 Howard St.. Mt. Vernon, N. Y... Supply Co. Lueders, George H. ..Pvt Ottertail, Minn Battery A. Lufburrow, Albert J... Pvt 148 W. 64th St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Hdqrs. Co. Lund, Clair M -Pvt Harmony, Minn Battery A. Lunde. John Pvt 227 2nd Ave., N. Crookstone, Minn.. Battery A. Lutz, Julius Sgt 639 10th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Lynch, James F Pvt Havanna, N. D Battery A. Lynch, Joseph P Pvt 806 Caton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Lynn, John J Pvt Supply Co. Lyon, Harold J Pvt 215 Flower Ave., E. Watertown, N.Y.Battery F. Lyons, Burton A Pvt 638 W. 151st St., N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery D. Lyons, Samuel Pvt 1644 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. McAuliffe, Joseph Pvt 117 4th Ave. N.. S. St. Paul. Minn.. . Battery C. McBride, William E. .Pvt 35 Martin St., Wellesville, N. Y Battery D. McBurney, James G. ..Sgt 227 W. 145th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. McCabe, Terrence H. . Pvt Route No. 1, Cresco, Iowa Battery F. McCahill, Geo. Burnst .Pvt 16 St. Mark's Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery D. McCarren, James E. ..Pvt 75 "E. 85th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battety B. McCarthy, John P. ..Pvt Glen Cove. L. I., N. Y Battery B. McCarville, Joseph P. .Pvt Cresco. Iowa Battery D. McCollum, Leon F. ..Pvt 3312 Hennekin Ave., S. Minneapolis.Battery A. Minn McConville, John H. ..Pvt 718 Westchester Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y. Battery C. McCormack, H. F Pvt 251 Harrison St.. Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery B. McCourt, Andrew H. .Pvt Orchard Park, N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. McCracken, James A. . Pvt Hamburg. Iowa Battery C. McCracken, Wm. J. ..Sgt 491 W. 130th St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. McCully, J. A Pvt R. F. D. 1, Elen, Minn Battery E. McCue, W. J. F Sgt 446 E. 139th St., N. Y. C Battery C. McDermott, Chas. J. ..Sgt 207 Eckfort St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. McDevitt, Earl H Pvt Blasdell. N. Y Battery D. McDonnel, George C. .Pvt R. F. D. 1, Box 58, Ayrshire, Iowa .. Battery A. McDonald, James N. .Pvt 2508 Christian St., Philadelphia. Pa.. Battery B. McDonald, Leland A. .Saddler ...R. F. D. No. 1, Mankato, Minn Battery F. McDonough, A. J Pvt 426 W. 144th St.. N. Y. C, N. Y.... Medical McDonough, Harry ..Cpl 426 W. 144th St.. N. Y. C, N. Y.... Battery D. McEntee, Charles F...Sgt 133 W. 128th St., N. Y. C. N. Y.... Battery A. McFadden. Barth A... Pvt 333 Manhattan Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.Battery D. McGinnis, John M Pvt Caledonia. Minn Battery A. McGlynn, Peter .. Pvt 1301 Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111 Battery B. McGovern, Thos. J., Jr. Pvt 1492 University Ave.. N. Y. C, N. Y.Battery C. McGowan, John J Cpl 392 Henry St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. McGrady, John F Pvt 24 E. 92nd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. 28l McGrath, Roger F.. . . Pvt 904 6th Ave., N..Y. C, N. Y Battery F. McGraw, Francis A. . . Cpl Lima, N. Y Battery F. McGuire, James A Pvt 1510 5th St., S. E., Minneapolis, Min. Battery E. McHugh, Patrick Pvt 349 Marion St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. McHugh, Peter Cook 418 W. 57th St., N. Y. C„ N. Y Battery E. McKewen, William D..Sgt 2029 3rd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. McKinney, Emerson C.Pvt 16 Westview St., Philadelphia, Pa. ..Medical McLain, William J.... Pvt. .." 533 W. 52nd St., N. Y C, N. Y Battery C. McManus, James T Pvt Olean, N. Y Battery F. McManus, Walter J... Pvt 71 Horatia St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. McNally, . Walter A.... Pvt 288 Sackett St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. McNeil, Carl H Pvt Naples, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. McNulty, John J Pvt 1991 Wnd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Machby, Herman Pvt 518 W. 151st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Mack, Christa H Pvt Franklinsville, N. Y Battery C. Mack, Dorr J Pvt 1440 Highland Park Ave., Rochester, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Mackin, James J Pvt 509 Grand St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery E. Maclean, William H.. . Sgt 431 W. 156th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Medical Madden, William J Pvt. ....:... 62 Carpenter Ave., Lynbrook, N. Y. .Hdqrs. Co. Maddock, Augustine. . Pvt 200 Willoughby St., Brooklyn, N. Y. . Battery C. Macri, Joseph Pvt Malcher, Iowa Battery E. Madson, Manley Pvt Halsted, Minn Battery E. Magers, Frank J Pvt 1833 Hillside Ave., Ft. Wayne, Ind.. Medical Maggi, Ferdinando . . . 1st CI. MU..1512 57th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Madigson, Robert Pvt 1691 Madison Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y., % Goldman Battery F. Maher, Martin J Pvt 459 W. 125th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Maher, Paul P Pvt 267 W. 15th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Mahony, Frank D Pvt 643Walker Ave., Woodhaven, N. Y.. Battery A. Maisco, Louis Pvt 354 Graham Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery C. Maixner, Richard Cpl 337 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Malak, Frank Sgt 1463 1 Elm Ave., E. Cleveland, Ohio. Battery B. Malango, Salvatore . . . Pvt 1039 2nd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Maletta, Joseph G Pvt Lock Box 35, McKinley, Minn Battery A. Malm, Carl V Pvt Battery F. Malone, James A Pvt 1925 2nd Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Maltz, Henry A Pvt 934 Barretto St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Maine, James F Pvt 1 144 Wilkus Ave., N. Braddock, Pa.. Battery F. Mancinelli, James Pvt 31 Oliver St., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Manderson, Raymond. Sgt 403 W. 21st St., N. Y. C Battery D. Manes, Harry Pvt 441 E. 187th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Mann, Henry Pvt 403 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Mannes, Edward Pvt 232 W. 114th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Mannes, Joseph A Sgt 34 Convent Ave,, N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Mannix, Edwin T. ...Pvt % Mrs. Wm. Donovan, Hartland, Wis Battery A. Manthe, Clarence S Pvt Montana Ave., St. Paul, Minn Battery A. 282 Manzo, Rocco Pvt 47 Perry St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Marcella, James Pvt 77 l /2 Newtown Ave., Astoria, L. I., N. Y Battery F. Marion, Joseph F Pvt 157 9th Ave., L. I. C, N. Y Battery D. Marion, William Pvt 306 7th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Marmer, Jack E Pvt 19 E. 101st St., N. Y. C, N. Y Medical Maroney, Thomas Pvt 506 n th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Marsh, Charles N Pvt Route No. 1, Cuba, N. Y Battery D. Marshall, Charles .... Cpl Shoreham, L. I., N. Y Battery F. Marshall, Louis Pvt Cedar Falls, Iowa Battery C. Marshall, Thomas S...Pvt Blasdell, N. Y Battery D. Martin, Andrew J Pvt 527 E. 82nd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Martin, Frederick Pvt 335 State St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Martin, G. F Cpl 920 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery A. Martin, John Pvt 209 12th Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn. Battery F. Martinelli, Michael ...Pvt 76 Wyona St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Martino, Cosimo Pvt 2919 8th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Martinsen, George . . . Pvt 1669 St. Anthony Ave., St. Paul, Min. Battery A. Martz, Charles R Cpl 112 Ave I, Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Marxmeye/, W. V Cpl 499 W. 158th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Mason, Robert H Pvt Woodhull, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Mathew, Walter G....Pvt Cox's Mills, W. Va Medical Matistos, Gerossimo. . Cook 787 7th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Supply Co. Matter, W. C, Jr Pvt 3108 E. 37th St., Minneapolis, Minn.. Battery F. Mattila Hilmar Pvt Sepeka, Minn ' Battery C. Maulick, Charles O.. . . Cook 432 W. 124th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Mayer, Joseph J Sgt 197 Lathrop St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery D. Mead, W. C Pvt 166 W. Main St., Tarrytown, N. Y.. .Battery B. Means, Alen. H Sgt 4718 Sheridan Road, Chicago, 111 — Hdqrs. Co. Meara, Chas. E Sgt 79 Montgomery St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Meeham, John Pvt 2918 Heath Ave., N. Y. C Battery D. Meier, H. G Cook 458 62nd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Meinken, August C Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Aurora, Iowa Battery E. Meisel, Harry Sgt 208 Stanton St., N. Y. C Battery C. Melbye, Paul H Pvt Hitterdale. Minn Battery C. Meldrum, C. C Sgt. Maj. ..340 Madison St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Hdqrs. Co. Melrose, Carl A Pvt Portville, N. Y Battery F. Mendel, William Pvt 453 4th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Menger, G. R Cpl 242 Sumpter St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Battery F. Merrill, Fred C Bug Collins, Erie Co., N. Y Battery B. Merriman, Tony Sgt 1947 Hodemont, St. Louis, Mo Hdqrs. Co. Merritt, Walter A Pvt m N. 7th St., Marshalltown, Iowa. .Battery A. Meyers, Lawrence A. ..Pvt 127 N. Crawford St., Carroll, Iowa. Battery A. Middlebrook, G. A.... Pvt Battery F. Michael, E. W., Jr.. ..Pvt 518 15th St., College Point, N. Y.... Battery C. Mieras, W. L Pvt Mourice, Iowa Battery E. Migneult, Philias ....Pvt 97 Madison St., Worcester, Mdss Hdqrs. Co. Millar, Michael W....Pvt 445 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. 283 Miller, Clarence A Pvt 3229 Bloomington Ave., S. Minneapo- lis, Minn Battery A. Miller, George J Pvt 15 Park Row, N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Miller, Harry Pvt Ordnance Miller, Henry L Cpl 105 W. 77th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Miller, M. J Pvt Dubuque, Iowa Battery E. Miller, Nathan Sgt 883 Longwood Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.. Battery E. Milleville, Paul W Pvt Holland, Erie Co., N. Y Battery B. Millholen, Arthur Pvt Machias, N. Y Battery C. Minken, Noah Pvt 783 Quincy St., N. Y. C Medical Minogue, Henry Pvt 458 De Kalb Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. . . Battery A. Mirabella, Mike Pvt Worcester, Mass Battery A. Miron, Joseph I Pvt 1555 Greene Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... Hdqrs. Co. Mischle, Joseph, Jr.. . . Pvt 222 Ellery St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Mitarotonda. F Pvt 345 E. I73rd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Mitchell, Robert G....Pvt 431 W. 30th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Mobeck, Reyland L. . . Pvt North Branch, Minn Battery C. Moclair, Michael Pvt 213 E. 57th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Moelle, Albert C Pvt 308 E. oth S., Salt Lake City, Utah. .Battery D. Moller, Edward J H-Sgt 123 Cornelia St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Battery C. Monaco, Giuseppa ....Pvt 411 W. 42nd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. Moncado, Frank V. . . . Pvt 16S W. 225th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Mongelluzzi, Antonio. Pvt 832 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery A. Montes, Frederico . . . H. shoer. . . Silver City, New Mexico Battery B. Moon, Sanford 'D Pvt Tracy, Minn Battery C. Moon, Walter A Wag R. F. D. No. 4, Lomoni, Iowa .' Supply Co. Moore, Harry J Pvt 434 E. 89th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Moore, William J Pvt Perkins, W. Va Medical Moran, Michael Cpl Waldon, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Moran, William H.... 3 d CI. Mu.. Mill River Rd., Oyster Bay, N. Y.. . .Hdqrs. Co. Morawski, Joseph ....Pvt Lewiston, Maine Battery A. Morgan, Thomas C....Sgt 1173 Bushwick Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.Battery C. Morrison, William . . . Cpl 3803 8th St., Des Moines, Iowa Battery C. Momssey, David F...Cpl 553 Clinton St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Mornssey, Patsey ....Pvt 623 Bank St., Keokuk, Iowa Battery E. Moserwitz, Nathan . . . Pvt 60 Montgomery St., N.Y ■ Battery F. Moskowitz, Julius ....Pvt 5 Ten Eyck St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Mott, Harry F. S Cpl 985 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Moynihan, Timothy ..Pvt 2658 8th Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Muehlethader, Chas. ..Pvt 155 Illinois St., Huron, So. Dak Battery E. Muethethaler. Wm. . . Wag Rock Valley, Iowa Supply Co. Muessigman, John ...Pvt Iowa Falls, Iowa Battery C. Muir, Isaac L p v t 2927 14th Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn.Batterv A. Muir, John J p vt 129 E. S.th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Mulhaul, Frank Pvt 130 Ainslee St., Brooklyn, N.Y Hdqrs. Co. Mullholland, Jas. B....Pvt 219 E. 37th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Mullane, Daniel • Pvt 1629 Lexington Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.Supply Co. Mullane, John p vt ^29 Lexington Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.Battery C. 284 Mullen, John Pvt 184 West End Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Munday, Thomas E.. . Sgt 362 nth St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Munster, Charles H...Sgt 23029th St., Buckhurst, L. I Battery B. Murphy, A. V Cpl 100 Morningside Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.Battery D. Murphy, John P Pvt 921 Stuhoff Ave., Richmond Hill, N. Y Medical Murphy, P. F Cook 1420 Vyse Ave., N. Y. C, X. Y Battery F. Murphy, Peter J Pvt 525 W. 47th St., X. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Murray, John A Cpl Battery D. Murray, Michael Pvt 416 W. 57th St., X. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Murray, Paul Pvt 521 W. 156th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Murray, William D Pvt Box 746, Stafford Springs, Conn Battery A. Murtha, John J Pvt 160 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, X. Y.. . Hdqrs. Co. Murtha, Thomas Cook 461 W. 159th St., X. Y. C, X. Y Battery B. Myers, Guy C Pvt Marilla, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Myrick, Clair Pvt fschua, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Nagel, Samuel Cpl 910 Riverside Drive, X. Y. C, X. Y.. Battery C. Xaughton, Patrick J. .. Sgt Battery C. Xealon, Thos. P Pvt 77 N. Henry St., Brooklyn, X. Y.... Battery B. Xeander, Eddie R Pvt Route 2, Harris, Minn Battery F. Xeischloss, Louis 3d CI. M11..1724 Park Place, Brooklyn, X. Y Hdqrs. Co. Xelson, Andrew Pvt 389 Clinton St., Brooklyn, X. Y Battery D. Xelson, Arthur H Sgt 1241 Madison St., Eau Clair, Wis HdqrsT Co. Xelson, Carl G Pvt Cambridge, Minn Battery B. Xelson, Otto L Pvt Baronet, Wis Battery D. Xelson, Robert E Cpl 146 Willis Ave., X. Y. C, X. Y Battery D. Xelson, Thorwald ....Pvt R. F. D. 3, Boone, Iowa Battery E. Xelson, William P Pvt Plainsview, Minn Battery B. Xewbert, Paul R Pvt 513 Dewey Place, Seattle, Wash Battery E. Xewgard, Eddie Pvt Bock, Minn Battery F. Xewkirk, Raymond ...Pvt Mayfair, Morris Plains, X. J Medical Xeuman, Frank Pvt East Eden, X. Y Medical Newman, Harold Pvt 1043 Tiffany St., Bronx, X. Y Battery E. Newman, Joseph F....Pvt 4422 Park Ave., X. Y. C, X. Y Battery D. Newman, John M Pvt 12 Short St., Buffalo, X. Y Hdqrs. Co. Xichols, Ernest F Pvt R. F. D. Xo. 3, Chatfield, Minn Battery B. Xicolo, John Pvt 357 Barley St., Brooklyn, X. Y Battery B. Xihan, Joseph Pvt 734 Columbia Rd., Boston, Mass Battery D. Niosi, Joseph J Mch 417 E. 14th St., N. Y. C, X. Y Hdqrs. Co. Xissen, Arthur Pvt R. D. Xo. 2, Tyler, Minn Battery C. Xoble, Luie T Pvt 421 X. 9th St., Olean, X. Y Battery F. Xolan, Daniel J Cpl Hotel McAlpin, X. Y. C Battery F. Xolen, James B Wag 61 E. 122nd St., X. Y. C, X. Y Supply Co. Xolan, T. J Pvt Waukon, Iowa Battery E. Xoonan, William J... .Wag 5920 5th Ave., Brooklyn, X. Y Supply Co. Xorberg, Eric Pvt Blacon, X. D Battery B. Norcyk, Frank Pvt 9 Harrison Ave., E. Hampton, Mass. . Hdqrs. Co. 285 Nord, Herbert W Pvt Grandy, Minn Battery C. Nordsveen, Thorvald .Pvt Route No. 6, Box 114, Decorah, la... Battery A. Norman, Isaac Pvt 2401 S. Elliot St., Minenapolis, Minn. Battery F. Norris, Leslie M Pvt % Otter Tail Co., Perham, Minn Battery A. Northcote, Wm. H....Cpl 1502 W. State St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Northrop, Grover H...Pvt Prattsburg, N. Y Supply Co. Nostrand, George J...Cpl 335 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery C. Notardonato, James ..Pvt 632 S. May St., Chicago, 111 Battery A. Noxon, Mitchell .... Cpl 83 Northern Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y. . . . Battery D. Oberg, ThorstonO.H..Pvt 235- E. 48th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. O'Boyle, Timothy L.. . Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Vail, Iowa Battery E. O'Brien, Francis Pvt 318 E. 58th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. O'Brien, Harry Pvt 173 Bay 13th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. O'Brien, Osmund Pvt Tignish, Prince Edward Isl., Can.. . .Battery D. O'Connor, Thomas V.. Pvt Bondsville, Mass Supply Co. Offenberger, George .. Sgt 444 E. 88th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. Ofstad, Gile A Pvt Florence, Minn Battery C. Ogle, Roy Pvt 125 12th Ave., East Albie, Iowa Battery F. Oglesby, Andrew K...Cpl 214 Leeds Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.. . Battery D. O'Grady, James Pvt 166 E. 104th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. O'Grady, Patrick 3d CI. MU..128 Penn St., Brooklyn, N. Y -.Hdqrs. Co. O'Hare, John H Pvt 288 E. 155th St., Bronx, N. Y Battery C. O'Keefe, David A. . . . Pvt 175 E. 102nd St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery B. O'Keefe, James Cpl 47 India St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Oldham, Walter Pvt Northwood, Iowa Battery E. Olive, Sam F Pvt Jamestown, N. D Battery F. Olsen, Alfred L Pvt 741 Fairmount PI., N. Y. C, N. Y... Battery C. Olsen, Charles O Pvt 1217 Sixth St., N. Minneapolis, Minn.Battery A. Olson, Eric Pvt Williams, Minn Battery C. Olson, F. H Pvt Garfield, Minn Battery E. Olson, Fred Nelse. . . .Cook Roosevelt, Minn Battery A. Olson, John Pvt Washkish, Minn Battery F. Olson, J. A Pvt Haifa, Iowa Battery E. Olson, John O Pvt 4340 nth Ave., S. Minneapolis, Minn.Battery F. Olson, Ole Pvt Lancaster, Minn Battery F. Olsson, Theodore Pvt 21 14 Daily Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Opitz, Julius Pvt 522 E. 74th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. O'Regan, J. F., Jr Cpl 1579 E. 18th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. O'Reilly, James Pvt 590 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Ormestad, Ole Pvt Northwood, Iowa Battery E. Osborne, Frank W.. . . Pvt 102 W. 89th St., N. Y. C Battery C. Ostermann, Wm., Jr.. . Sgt 527 W. 152nd St., N. Y. C Battery D. Ostertag, Paul R Pvt 155 Edgecomb Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y.. Battery D. Ostrom, Olof B Pvt R. No. 1, Isanti, Minn Battery D. Ott, Frederick A Pvt 23 North Henry St.. N. Y. C Battery B. Otto, Raymond G Pvt 416 E. 8th St., Muscatine, Iowa Battery D. Ovens, Thomas E Pvt E. Selkirk, Manitoba, Canada Battery A. 286 Paganelli, Charles V...Pvt 26 Carmine, N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Page, Edgar W Sgt 131 Cambridge PI., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery E. Pagel, George C Pvt Mineral Spring Road, Gardenville, N. Y Supply Co. Palmerton, Merrill J. . . Pvt Collins Center, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Palmer, Garner D Sgt 1309 Ocean Ave., Spring Lake, N. J.. Hdqrs. Co. Panfil, John J Pvt 155 Bright St., Forks, Erie Co., N. Y. Battery D. Paoli, Andrew Pvt 235 W. 6;th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery A. Parchman, Charley R.Pvt Crisco, Iowa Battery C. Parente, John J Cpl 1125 4th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Paret, Stephen G Cpl 358 Wadsworth Ave., N. Y. C, N. Y. Battery E. Parisi, Louis Cpl 433 N. Terrace Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y Supply Co. Parkhurst, Lewis B....Pvt 19 Ohio Ave., Lawrence, Mass Battery A. Parma, Charles J Pvt 7104 14th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Parmentier, Marcel ..Cpl Marshall, Minn Battery F. Parsons, John B Pvt McClttskey, No. Dak Battery D. Patterson, William . . . Pvt 594 E. 5th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Paturzo, Anthony Pvt 2917 Ft. Hamilton Ave., Bklyn., N. Y. Battery F. Paul, Frederick J Sgt Farnham, N. Y Battery F. Paul, Herbert S Pvt Commercial St., Farnham, Erie Co., Battery B. N. Y Battery B. Pease, Homer H Pvt Dayton, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Pelky, Edward Pvt 2891 W. Huron St., Duluth, Minn.. . Battery C. Pelton, Charles L Pvt Waterford, Conn Battery A. Peluso, Fred H. shoer ..89 Nelson St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Pember, A. O Sgt 1537 E. 19th St.. Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Peppard. Luke J Pvt 76 Underhill Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. . Battery B. Perkins, Geo. W., Jr. ..Sgt Riverdale-on-Hudson, N. Y Supply Co. Pcssalano. Miclael ....Pvt 114 Wilcox St., Springfield, Mass — Battery D. Petchle. Claude B. ...Pvt .52 Clarkson St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Peterson, A Pvt. R. 2. YVaverly. Minn Battery E. Peterson, Albion Pvt 200 Cambridge St., Boston, Mass Battery D. Peterson, Clarence E..Pvt Slayton, Minn Battery B. Peterson, Emery' G....Pvt 125 Fairview St., New Britain, Conn. Hdqrs. Co. Peterson, Ernest E. . . . Mech 2213 7th St., S. Minneapolis, Minn.. .Battery F. Peterson, Henry C Pvt Angola, N. Y Battery D. Peterson, Martin B Pvt Minneapolis, Minn Battery F. Peterson, Oscar W Pvt Alvarado, Minn Battery A. Peterson, Peter Pvt R. No. 6, Decorah, Iowa Battery B. Petersen, Vigo Pvt Avoca, Minn Battery B. Petheran, George Sgt 356 W. 49th St.. N. Y. C Battery A. Petri, George Pvt S06 Clinton, Buffalo, N. Y Battery E. Pettes, Frank A Pvt 225 Main St., Springfield, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Pfaff, Wm. F., Jr Pvt 18 Grove St., Stapleton, S. I Battery D. Phillipps, Leo R Cook 76 Commonwealth Ave., Springfield, Mass Hdqrs. Co. Philpot, Daniel Ch. Mech... 414 E. 135th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery D. 287 Phinney, Wm. H Pvt R. F. D. No. i , Delevan, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Piantoni, Battist Pvt Turtle Creek, Pa Battery C. Pidone, John Cook 437 E 12th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery F. Pierce, Martin F Pvt 339 E. 10th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Battery C. Pierson, Henry Pvt 130 E. 19th St., N. Y. C, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Pierson, Owen C Pvt Mankato, Minn Battery C. Piovesano, Joseph Pvt 2330 Belmont Ave., Bronx, N. Y Battery E. Poer, Frank J Pvt 131 Highland Blvd., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery A. Pohler, Joseph F Pvt R. R. No. 3, Solon, Iowa Battery B. Polglase, A. T Sgt 231 73rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Pons, Claude A Sgt 119 W. 107th St., N. Y. C Battery D. Potter, C.J Cpl Hillsdale, N. J Battery E. Powers, James F Pvt 571 9th Ave., L. I. C, N Y Battery F. Poynton, Edward J Sgt. Maj. . .57 Wayne St., Jersey City, N. J Hdqrs. Co. Pratt, William G Pvt 309 Laurel Ave., Olean, N. Y Battery F. Pressalsky, Harry ....3d CI. MU..353 E. Houston St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Price, Thomas H Mech 104 Union Ave., Mariners' Harbor, S. I., N. Y Battery D. Prine, Everett V Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Carson, Iowa Battery E. Procopio, Francesco .. Pvt 40 Irving St., Winchester, Mass Battery D. Propp, Ellis Pvt 3681 Broadway, N. Y. C Battery D. Proto, William Pvt 10 Meeker Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Prior, Thomas W Pvt 59 Springville, N. Y Medical Puddicombe, Al. A.... Pvt 830 S. Steel St., Tacomah, Wash. ... Battery A. Pumilia, John Pvt 310 E. 29th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Puszeski, Mike Pvt 635 Summer St.. Minn., Minn Battery B. Putnam, Wm. H., Jr... Pvt 2372 83rd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Quackenbush, Hy. H..Pvt 265A 17th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Quigley, Francis J Sgt 206 S. Clinton St., Olean, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Quimby, Howard L. . . Pvt South Acton, Mass Battery A. Quinn, Joseph H Cook 962 3rd Ave., N. Y. C Supply Co. Quinn, Raymond J Cpl 97 Maplehill Ave., N. Y. C Battery A. Quirk, John J Pvt 129 E. 91st St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Quist, Elmer W Pvt Atwater, Minn Batf^ry B. Radner, Geo. N Pvt 42 Greenwood St., Springfield, Mass. Battery D. Radskin, Saul '.Pvt 69 W. 130th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Re, Carmello Pvt 177 E. 75th St.. N. Y. C Battery E. Reale, Edward Bug 636 Crescent Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Recker, Bernard H.. . . Pvt Dyersville, Iowa Battery F. Reed, Edward P Pvt Brewster, N. Y Battery B. Reed, F. M Pvt Russell, Iowa Battery E. Reed, Harry John Pvt 262 First St., Hoboken, N. J Battery C. Reed, Henry C Pvt Amenia, Union, NY Battery B. Reeves, Charles Pvt Mattituck, L. I., N. Y Battery F. Regan, Edwin A Sgt P. O. Box 542, City Hall Sta., N. Y. . Battery C. Regan, Patrick Jos.... Pvt Ordnance 288 Reha, Joseph Pvt Lake Wilson, Minn Battery E. Reichnau, Walter C.R.. Pvt Fredericksburg, Texas Battery A. Reid, Samuel A Pvt Onslow, Iowa Battery C. Reims, E. H., Jr Pvt 8104 Chechester Ave., L. I. C Battery E. Rekses, Sivert Pvt 1708 5th Ave. S., Minn., Minn Battery F. Renehan, Norman A.. . Pvt White River Junction, Vt Battery E. Restle, William A Sgt 24 Utica St., Clinton, N. Y Battery E. Reynold, H. J Pvt Tiffin, Iowa Battery E. Reynolds, John H Pvt Cameron Mills, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Rhodes, Fred A Pvt 19 S. Bridge St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.Battery B. Ribando, Morris Pvt 325 E. 28th St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Riccardi, John Pvt 20022nd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Rice, Lemuel C Pvt Slaton, Minn Battery C. Rich. John Sad 3247 Perry Ave., N. Y. C Battery B. Richards, Edward Cpl 2533 Amsterdam Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Riether, Otto Wag 1704 Second Ave., N. Y. C Supply Co. Ringwelski, Vince Pvt Little Falls, Minn Battery F. Racchini, Tony Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Robins, H. C Pvt Storm Lake, la Battery E. Robinson, Leigh H Cpl 21 Hawthorne St., Perry, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Robinson, William R.Pvt 476 Main St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y... Medical Rocchi, Cesare "Pvt Box 127, Buhl, Minn Battery B. Rook, Hendrick Pvt Princeton, Minn Battgry E. Rock wood, William ..Pvt R. F. D., Lackawanna, N. Y Battery B. Roegan, Michael Cook 56 Beaver St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Roemer, William J.. . . Pvt 367 E. 234th St., N. Y. C Battery C. Roffe, Charles F Pvt 38 W. Main St., Gowanda, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Rogers, Daniel Wag 303 E. 56th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Rogers, Neal Pvt 306 W. 18th St., N. Y. C Battery F. Romaine, Chas. W Sgt 2248 E. 17th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Ronayne, Paul Jos Sgt 3440 Broadway, N. Y. C Battery D. Rooney, James Pvt 227 E. 46th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Rose, Geo. W Pvt Otto, N. Y Battery C. Rosebrock, John H....Pvt 1058 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Supply Co. Rosenzweig, Harry . . Pvt 226 E. 98th St., N. X- C Battery F. Rosner, Nathan Pvt 926 Union Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Roth, Chris Pvt Belden, Neb Battery D. Roth, Joseph Pvt Battery B. Roth, Henry Pvt 1238 57th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Rottenberg. Samuel ..Pvt 137 Division Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery E. Rousseau, Charles Cook 1434 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Hdqrs. Co. Rowan, Harold S Pvt 416 St. Nicholas Ave., N. Y. C Battery A. Rowan, Patrick J Pvt 63 W. 107th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Rowland, Claude A.... Pvt Delevan, N. Y Battery C. Rubino, Donato Pvt in Seventh Ave., Altoona, Pa Battery D. Ruby, Fred F Pvt 33 High St., Ft. Wadsworth, S. I., N. Y Medical Rucker, Clarence E...Cpl Blasdell, N. Y Battery D. 289 Rud, J. K Pvt Battery E. Ruffle, Harold Wag 290 Coney Isl. Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. . Supply Co. Ruggiero, Salvatore P.. Sgt 3636 Barnes Ave., N. Y. C Battery D. Rush, Charles Edgar. .Sgt Maine St., Wappinger Falls, N. Y... Supply Co. Russ, John W Pvt 338 E. 3rd St., Corning, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Russell, George Wag 383 Pearl St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Russell, J. F Pvt Box 216, Senath, Mo Supply Co. Russell, William E....Pvt Hecla St., Uxbridge, Mass Battery D. Rutz, J Pvt 101 W. 99th St., N. Y. C Battery B. Ryan, Edward C Mech Box 137, Olean, N. Y Battery F. Ryder, Jason Alden...Sgt R. F. D. No. 2, Sardina, N. Y Battery B. Sagman, Ernest Pvt 1490 Brook Ave., N. Y. C Battery D. Salomon, Sidney Cpl 38 Union Square, N. Y. C Battery F. Samuelson, Einar ....Pvt ". ..Gardar, N. D Battery E. Samuelson, John F.. . . Pvt R. F. D. 3, Atwater, Minn Battery F. Sandberg, David E....Pvt 3006 Logan Ave., N. Minneapolis. Minn Battery B. Santini, Reynold Jos. . . Sgt 452 E. 149th St.,- N. Y. C Battery E. Sapir, Morris Pvt 74 Clinton PL, Jersey City, N. J Battery C. Sarno, Gregorius Pvt Lamartine Ave., Bayside, L. I Battery F. Sather, Peter E Pvt 118 N. 3rd St., E. Grand Forks, Minn. Battery A. Savage, Charley C Pvt 1436 Ida Ave., Wichita, Kan Battery B. Savage, Mark A Cpl Ordnance Schaefer, Frank A.... Sgt 345 E. 23rd St., N. Y. C Battery F. Schaeff, George Pvt 588 E. 136th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Schapiro,' Henry Cpl 570 W. 161st St., N. Y. C Battery D. Schatkowski, Henry . . Sgt 216 E. 81st St., N. Y. C Battery F. Scheffel, Henry J Bug 1248 Hancock St., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery C. Scheller, Fred Pvt 504 E. 7th St., N. Y. C Battery D. Schenkman, Conrad ..Sgt 3609 Broadway, N. Y. C Supply Co. Schlosser, Fred'k. R...Cpl 116 Wildwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y... Battery D. Schlow, M. S Pvt 66 41st St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Schmidlin, Jean B Wag 416 E. 65th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Schmunk, Fred P Pvt 1423 S. Main St., Crookston, Minn.. Battery A. Schnautz, John Wm.. . Pvt Hamburg, N. Y Supply Co. Schneider, Walter L.. . Pvt R. F. D. 1, Rib Lake, Wis Battery C. Schnoor, Louis F Sgt 1722 84th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Schoenberg, Jacob . . . Pvt 120 Avenue A, N. Y. C Battery E. Schreiner, Peter Pvt 331 E. 92nd St., N. Y. C Battery E. Schroeder, W. J Pvt Schleswig, Iowa Battery E. Schrull, Rudolph Cook 54 S. Terrace Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y- Battery A. Schrumpf, Chas. C... . Pvt 430 E. 87th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Schwab, Philip Jacob. Cpl Holland Ave., Ebenezer, N. Y Battery D. Schwartz, Abraham. .. Pvt 251 Stanhope St., Brooklyn, N. Y... Hdqrs. Co. Schwartz, Gilbert Pvt 1933 Park PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Schwartz, Isidore Cook 475 Powell St., N. Y. C Battery D. Schweickert, John F...Pvt 246 Ten Eyck St., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery A. 29O Schwehr, Wm Cpl 401 E. 81st St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Scott, Augustus C Pvt Battery B. Scott, A. L Pvt R. 3, Box 64, Mapleton, Iowa Battery E. Scott, George Cpl Gordon Cottage, Hawicka, Scotland. Hdqrs. Co. Scuderi, Edigio Pvt Roosevelt Ave., Jamaica, L. I., X. Y.. Battery E. Seaton, John F Pvt 248 Hancock St., L. I. C, X. Y Battery A. Segwalt, Daniel Pvt Holland, N, Y Battery E. Selby, Thomas Pvt R. F. D. 2, Blakeburg, Iowa Battery E. Sellman, Bernard J Pvt R. F. D. 1, Taylors Hall, Minn Battery F. Semmon, John B Pvt 125 E. 120th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Senecal, James N Sgt 607 Franklin St., Watertown, Pa.. .. Battery F. Shaw, Earl B Pvt 57 Jasper St., Saugua, Mass Medical Shea, Thomas Gerald. Pvt 133 Lawrence Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery D. Shea, William A Pvt Ordnance Sheeler, Harry G Pvt 208 St. Marks Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery F. Shoffner, Roy B Pvt 257 Montford Ave., Asheville, N. C. Battery B. Sheld, Louis Pvt 317 E. 54th St., New York City Battery A. Shelley, Geo., Jr Pvt 4814 Ave. O, Brooklyn, X. Y Battery C. Sheesley, Claude L....Pvt Ellston, Iowa Battery E. Sidway, K. L Cpl 72 Seaman Ave.. N. Y. C Battery B. Sieber, George Pvt 128 Norman Ave., Brooklyn, X. V.. . Battery E. Siebert, Frank W Pvt E. Aurora, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Sikorski, Bruno Pvt 141 23rd St., Brooklyn, X. Y Battery B. Silk, Edward Peter... Pvt E. Aurora, X. Y Hdqrs. Co. Silliman, Jos., Jr Pvt Medical Silsby, Seymour D....Mech Olean. X. Y Hdqrs. Co. Silver, George W Cook 10 William St., Stapleton, S. I., N. Y. Battery C. Silver, Sam G Pvt Battery E. Simas, Antonio J Cpl 366 W. 58th St., N. Y. C Battery D. Simonson, Charles . . . Mech 1869 Pacific St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Simonson, William C. Pvt Coster St., Wcstbury, L. I.. N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Simpson, John W., 2d. Sgt East Craftsbury, Vt Battery C. Sireci, Gesualdo C Pvt 242 Emerson PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Skilon, John Pvt 609 Jefferson St., Minn.. Minn Battery F. Slavin, John P Pvt 65 Catherine St., X. Y. C Battery A. Smart, Harold R Sgt Ordnance Smellie, Robert W Pvt 87 Buckingham Rd., Yonkers, N. Y.. Supply Co. Smith, Claude A Pvt 1626 3rd Ave. S.. Ft. Dodge, Iowa. . . Battery F. Smith, Edward J Pvt Scranton Ave., Valley Stream, N. Y. Battery D. Smith, Frank H Pvt R. F. D. 4, Walnut, Kansas Battery C. Smith, Henry V Pvt 3026 Snelling Ave., Minneapolis, Min. Battery A. Smith, Herbert Cpl 53 Washington Sq., N. Y. C Battery F. Smith, John D Pvt 200 W. 132nd St., X. Y. C Battery E. Smith, Leroy Pvt 55 ■ Waverly St., Springfield, X. Y Battery B. Smith, Roland Pvt 2945 Grand Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. Battery F. Smith, Thos. A., Jr... 2d CI. Mu..Ridgely, Md Hdqrs. Co. Smith, William J Pvt 14840th St.. Corona. L. I., X. Y Battery C. Smollon, F. J Sgt .693 Halsey St., Brooklyn Battery C. 29I Smyth, Dwight G Pvt 251 W. 73rd St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Snodgrass, Russell B..Pvt Avery, Iowa Battery E. Snow, Harry C Cook Franklinville, N. Y Supply Co. Snyder, Richard B....Pvt 395 Dayton Ave., St. Paul, Minn Battery A. Sofio, Edward G Cpl 550 Park Ave., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Sonn, Leonard Pvt 910 Riverside Drive, N. Y. C Battery B. Sonnemann, Jos. F....Pvt Blue Mound, Kansas Battery B. Soper, H. A Cpl Central Ave., Cedarhurst, L. I Battery A. Sovocool, Clifford C. . Pvt Addison, N. Y Battery C. Spang, Paul J Pvt 201 W. 17th St., N. Y. C Battery A Spenceley, Arthur G.. . Cpl 22 Boltis St., Mt. Kisco, N. Y Battery F. Sperling, Fred Pvt 319 E. 77th St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Stabile, Louis Pvt 2333 Arthur Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Stades, Joseph Pvt Battery F. Staiger, Daniel Pvt 198 Charters Ave., Crafton, Pa Battery F. Stallone, Joseph Pvt 325 W. 23rd St., N. Y. C Battery E. . Stamness, Otto Pvt 747 45th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Supply Co. Stamoules, E. J Sgt 625 6th Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Stange, Oscar Cpl 13 Ridgewood PI., Brooklyn, N. Y... Hdqrs. Co. Stark, Fred Pvt 8 Crescent PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Stathis, Chris. J Pvt 522 W. 183rd St., N. Y. C Battery B. Steffen, Frank G Pvt 20 Hawley St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery D. Stein, Herman Pvt 109 W. 118th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Stellwagen, George . . . Pvt 170 E. 90th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Stephan, George F....Pvt 78 Tymon St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery C. Sterett, John Wm Cpl 1456 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery B. Stevenson, Ed. R Pvt Angola, N. Y Medical Stenvenson, M. D Cpl Bomp, Minn Battery C. Stewart, David Pvt 1741 W. 10th St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .. Battery B. Stillinger, R. H Pvt R. F. D. 2, E. Aurora, N. Y Battery E. Stine, Harry E Sgt 30 Granite St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Stone, James Anson. .. Pvt Masonic Ave., Wallingford, Conn. .. Battery B. Stotz, John C Pvt 140 Third St., Turners Falls, Mass... Battery D. Stroh, William G Wag Attica, N. Y Supply Co. Strohecker, Harry ...Pvt 113 N. 61 st St., W. Philadelphia, Pa.. Battery F. Stuard, Clinton, L Cpl Blasdell, N. Y ' Battery D. Stucker, Fred L Pvt 304 Rogers Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Stueland, Joseph T. . . . Pvt Kanawha, Iowa Battery D. Sturza, Jack Pvt 1626 Pacific St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Sullivan, Daniel J. E..Cpl 479 52nd St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Sullivan, Edward A.. .Pvt 31 Chester St., Springfield, Mass Battery D. Sullivan, Henry F Cpl 631 1 5th Ave., N. Y. C Battery E. Sullivan, James C Wag 503 W. 174th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Sullivan, Wm. J Sgt Ordnance Svedahl, Ereing Pvt 3307 Cedar Ave., Minn., Minn Battery F. Swenson, Victor S....Pvt Clark's Grove, Minn Battery A. Swanson, Edwin C Pvt R. F. D. 2, Box 8, Oakland, Neb Battery E. Swanson, Paul A Pvt Orandon, Wis Battery C. 292 Swenson, Walter R.. . . Pvt R. F. D. 3, Stacy, Minn Battery F. Swiader, Wojcieh Pvt 179 Prospect Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y..Hdqrs. Co. Swofford, John N Pvt Gallatin, Mo Battery B. Talbot, John Cpl. Talcntino, Thomas ...Pvt. Taylor, Harvey Pvt. Taylor, Robert Wm.. .Pvt. Teague, Virgil L Pvt. Teasdale, Thomas R.. .Pvt Temple, Chris. R Pvt. Tennyson, Edward ...Pvt. Thacher, Horace Pvt. Thines, Nicholas Cpl. Thomas, Frank Pvt. Thomas, Lewis Cpl. Thomas, James P Pvt. Thompson, George . . . Pvt. Thompson, George ...Pvt. Thompson, Herman . . Pvt. Thompson, John G. ...Pvt. Thomson, James D....Pvt. Thorne, Einer Pvt. Thornton, Donald F...Pvt. Thorson, Martin Pvt. Thorwirth, Fred Wm. .Pvt. Tobin, Robert Sgt. Todd, William II Pvt. Tollefson, Herman P.. Pvt. Tonning, Iver Pvt. Torstveit, Arthur Pvt. Toussounian, J. A Pvt. Tracy, Chas. A H. Trapani, James Sad Trautman, Albert ....Pvt Travis, Wright H Pvt Trevino, Dale Pvt .2437 Valentine Ave., N. Y. C .304 E. 45th St., N. Y. C .R. F. D. No. 7, Box 9, Pattonsbtirg Mo .167 Irving Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y .R. F. D. No. 1, Phillipsburg, Mo.... .361 Peckham St., Fall River, Mass... .139 W. 08th St., N. Y. C .5 Lafayette Ave., Ossining, N. Y — .204 Ideal St., Buffalo, N. Y .735 Utah St., Toledo, N. Y .31 E. 39th St., N. Y. C .921 Gates Ave., Brooklyn, N. .457 W. 164th St., N. Y. C... . New London, Minn .Blasdell, New York Y.. 271 Wesley Ave., Clinton, Iowa Holland. N. Y R. F. D. 60, Ccraca, 111 East Aurora, Minn 424 41st St., Brooklyn, N. Y Mendon, 111 Hendricks. Minn 2742 Johnson St., Minneapolis, Minn St. Helaire, Minn shoer . .309 W. 142nd St., N. Y. C 219 Nassau Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. ... ...106 Humison Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y . . .Avoca, New York ...P. O. Box 264, White Bear Lake Minn Trimble, Frank Pvt. Truesdell, Wm. J Pvt. Tucker, Albert F Pvt. Tulchinsky, David ....Pvt. Tuman, Fred'k Pvt. Tygret, Carl V Pvt. Ulrich, George L. Urbanski, Albert , .Pvt. .Pvt. 639 54th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Downer, Minn 554 Grand St., N. Y. C R. F. D. 4, Box 101, Dassel, Minn. R. F. D. 1, Batavia, Iowa Battery D. Battery F. Supply Co. Battery D. Battery B. Battery E. Medical Battery B. Battery D. Hdqrs. Co. Battery C. Battery F. Hdqrs. Co. Supply Co. Battery C. Battery E. Battery D. Battery F. Battery D. Hdqrs. Co. Battery F. Battery E. Battery A. Battery C. Battery C. Battery A. Battery E. Battery F. Battery A. Hdqrs. Co. Battery C. Hdqrs. Co. Battery F. Supply Co. Battery C. Battery C. Battery F. Battery A. Battery E. Clean Ave., Gardenville, N. Y Battery D. 18 Glenn St.. Buffalo, N. Y Battery A. 293 Vaccaro, Anthony Cpl 401 E. 100th St., N. Y. C Battery F. Van Auken, A. R Pvt Decatur City, Iowa Battery D. Van Beek, Gerrit Pvt Orange City, Iowa Battery E. Van Buren, Ned Pvt Summit, N. Y Battery D. Vanderheyde, Ed. A... Pvt 507 W. 184th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Vander Meulen, P. D..Pvt Thornton Ave., Gardenville, N. Y...Hdqrs. Co. Van Hoogenstyn, L.. .Sgt 36 N. 17th St., E. Orange, N. J Battery E. Van Pless, Wm. Fred. Sgt 170 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery D. Van Wickler, P. B H. shoer ..319 Jeanette Ave., Linwood, L. I.... Battery E. Veasey, Joseph M Cpl 5" E. 88th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Velle, Otto P Cpl Grant & Thomas Ave., Baldwin, N. Y.Battery D. Vernon, Wm. Karl Sgt Port Washington Club, Port Wash- ington, N. Y Battery E. Vernum, Joseph Pvt 56 Eighth Ave., X. Y. C Supply Co. Vesta, Victor M Sgt 1S13 Crotona Ave., N. Y. C Battery F. Vigliante, Angelo Pvt 628 Lincoln Rd., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery A. Villeburn, Peter Pvt Bejan, Minn Battery E. Vincer, Arthur F Pvt Glenn Ave., Sea Cliff, L. I Battery D. Vogt, Fred'k. Herman. Pvt Hammondsport, N. Y Battery C. Vogt, Lloyd E Pvt Prospect Ave., E. Aurora, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Vollkomer, Louis Pvt Battery B. Von der Empten, G. A.Pvt Hammondsport, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Von Lampe, Wilhelm. Pvt 2 Marble Hill Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Vottazzi, Tony Pvt Battery D. Wager, Robert Pvt West Lebanon, N. Y Battery D. Wagner, Wm. M Bugler 956 Tiffany St., N. Y. C Battery D. Walcher, Will Pvt Uhn, Ark Battery B. Walker, Amos J Pvt Sampsel, Mo Battery B. Walker, Herman W. . . Pvt 736 6th St., N. E., Wash., D. C Medical Walker, Leon Pvt 496 Williams Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Hdqrs. Co. Walker, Robert M....Pvt Medical Walker, Virgil A Cpl R. F. D. 2, Sperry, Iowa Battery F. Walker, Wm. E Pvt Henderson, Mason, W. Va Battery F. Wallace, J. M Rt. Su. St.. Bay Shore, L. I., N. Y Supply Co. Walrath, Ray C Pvt Hdqrs. Co. Walsh, Edward Jos.. .H. shoer . .165 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery D. Walsh, Robt. Jos Pvt 682 Water St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Walter, Alfred John. .Pvt 323 E. 89th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Walters, Richard Pvt 1039 Walden Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. . . . 1 % Greiner Battery D. Wancura, Frank Ed.. .Cpl 66 W. 56th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Wank, Jesse J Pvt 29 E. 124th St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Ward, Herbert A Pvt Huntsville, Mo Battery B. Ward, Robt. Smith... Pvt 795 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.. . .Battery D. Warner, Waldo B Pvt 765 58th St., Brooklyn, N. Y .Battery A. Warns, Howard O....Pvt 126 High St., Painted Post, N. Y... .Medical Warren, Wm. R Pvt 102 W. 44th St., N. Y. C Battery C. 294 Waschke, Arthur G...Pvt Redwood Falls, Minn Battery F. Watson, John Pvt 923 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Watts, James E. Cpl Battery F. Waver, Harry G Pvt Ordnance Webber, George W...Pvt Ironton, Minn Battery F. Weber, August W Pvt R. No. 5, Box 1 13, N. Mankato, Minn. Battery B. Weber, Fred'k. H....'.Wag W. Hartford, Conn Battery F. Weddle, Geo. P Pvt 311 W. 97th St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Wehrli, Walter Pvt 445 W. 48th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Weil, Mortimer Cpl 319 W. 94th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Weil, Theodore F Pvt 536 W. 163rd St., N. Y. C Battery B. Weingarten, Jack Pvt 286 Fifth Ave., N. Y. C Battery B. IVcinhauer, Geo. H Cpl 553 Hamburg Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery D. Weissberger, Morris.. Pvt 924 Prospect Ave., N. Y. C Battery D. Welch, Isaac L H. shoer ..Cold Springs, N. Y Battery C. Wellner, Henry M....Pvt Emma, Saline Co., Mo Battery B. Wendel, Otto G Sgt Main St., Gowanda, N. Y Battery C. Wendell, William ....Sgt 449 76th St., Brooklyn. N. Y Hdqrs. Co. (Asst. Bd. Leader Wenzel, Andrew J Sgt 2374 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Hdqrs. Co. Werner, Charles Cpl 1885 First Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Westby, Haakon Pvt Canby, Minn Battery C. Westman, Theo. C....Pvt Chaffee, Erie Co., N. Y Battery^ B. Westphalen, Frank J.. Pvt Battery" B. Wexler, Abraham Pvt 204 Bush St., N. Y. C Battery C. Weyrick, W Pvt Browerville, Minn Battery E. Wheeler, Leeds A Sgt 53 Ashford St., Allston, Mass Battery C. White, Sidney Pvt Battery C. White, Daniel A., Jr.. Pvt 236 E. 9th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. White, Wm. J Cook 51 Hillside Ave., Charlestown, Mass.Battery C. Whitehead, W. L Sgt 7 Winter St., Arlington, Mass Hdqrs. Co. Whiteis, John D Pvt 129 Pace St., Macon, Mo Battery B. Withey, George W....Pvt Battery F. Whitmore, Arthur J.. .Pvt Wiscay, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Whittaker, Coy Wag Franklinsville, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Whitten, Wm., Jr Sgt 275 W. 45th St., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Wicks, Elbert C Pvt Cedarhurst, L. I., N. Y Battery B. Widmann, Ernest A... Cpl 530 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Wiendieck, Geo. C.Pvt 235 E. 87th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Wienk, Vernon J Pvt Otto, N. Y Battery C. Wilcox, Claude Pvt Addison, New York Hdqrs. Co. Wilkinson, Alfred . . . Sgt 539 E. 78th St., N. Y. C Battery E. Wilks, Louis Pvt 328 Beekman Ave., Bronx, N. Y Battery C. Will, Fred A Cpl 634 Humboldt Pkway, Buffalo, N. Y.Hdqrs. Co. Williams, Percy W....Pvt E. Hampton, Conn Battery A. Williams, Russell P...Cpl 541 74th St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. Willis, William R Pvt New Hartford, Mo Battery B. Wing, Fred'k. J Pvt 127 Miller Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery B. 2 95 Winner, Niks M Pvt North Collins, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Winther, Axel Pvt '. Battery F. Wire, Amos W Pvt Gravity, Iowa Battery B. Wohlford, Wm. Chas..Pvt 59 Pine Ridge Rd., Buffalo, N. Y.... Supply Co. Wolf son, David Pvt 1578 St. Marks Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.Battery A. Wollam, Glen Pvt Cantril, Iowa Battery B. Wollmar, Harry J Pvt 595 St. Anns Ave., N. Y. C Battery A. Woods, Harlan H Pvt Rushford, N. Y Battery D. Wood, Thomas H Pvt Battery E. Wood, Wm. James Pvt 146 Monroe St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Wright, Henry H, H. shoer ..Grove, Okla Battery B. Wright, Leonard S H. shoer ..Oyster Bay, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Wynne, Walter A Cpl 256 E. 68th St., N. Y. C Battery A. Yaknbenas, Mike Cook 74 Greenpoint Ave., L. I. C, N. Y... Battery F. Yarbough, H. E Pvt Battery B. Yeager, Edwin E Pvt Edwards, Benton Co., Mo Battery B. Yearnshaw, Chas. H...Pvt Madrid, la Battery B. Young, Adolph Pvt Clay Center, Kan Battery B. Young, Baldwin C....Sgt Huntington, L. I., N. Y Battery A. Yphantes, Anthony F..Cook 12 Macon St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Zabel, Fred P Pvt 145 4th St., Union Course, L. I., N. Y.Hdqrs. Co. Zbornik, Frank R Pvt R. F. D. 3, Ft. Atkinson, Iowa Battery A. Zeffers, Edward F.. ..Pvt West Valley, N. Y Battery C. Zeigengeist, A. O Pvt 27 South St., Plymouth, Mass Battery F. Zell, Albin H Pvt Beardsley, Minn Battery D. Zeller, H. J Sgt 1 125 Park PI., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Ziehl, Martin Pvt 404 23rd Ave. N., St. Cloud, Minn. . . Battery E. Zika, Frank Pvt. 510 E. 86th St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Zimmerman, A Cpl 154 Hopkins St., Brooklyn, N. Y Hdqrs. Co. Zimmerman, Walter ..Pvt 29 Hume Ave., Bedford, Mass Battery B. Zioltkowski, John S...Pvt R. R. 5, Box 36, Little Falls, Minn.. . Battery E. Zittel, Edward John.. Pvt R. F. D. No. 3, Hamburg, N. Y Battery D. Zoeller, William Pvt 1898 Stockholm St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery A. Zubko, John, Jr 3d CI. MU..2245 Hughes Ave., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Co. Zucco, Angelo Pvt White Boar, Iowa Battery E. Zwallich, Charles .... 1390 Prospect Ave., N. Y Battery E. THOSE WHO JOINED THE REGIMENT OVERSEAS Adams, Elisha L Pvt Springfield, Mo Battery B. Adelman, Casper I... Pvt R. R. 4, Starbuck, Minn Battery F. Alley, Sam W Pvt 424 McCallie Ave., Chattanooga, Tn.Battery B. Anderson, Jos. E Pvt Mulkey, Okla Battery B. Aspell, Gaylord C Pvt Mclntyre, Iowa Battery C. Ayotte, Alfred J. B...Pvt 205 Jefferson Ave., Salem, Mass Hdqrs. 296 Balke, Peter A Pvt Climax, Minn Battery A. Bare, Clarence J Pvt ,..25 Mystic Ave., Salem, Mass Battery A. Beard, Harry C Pvt 27 E. Main St., Middletown, Pa Supply Co. Billingsley, Ben Pvt Lehigh, Okla Battery E. Blades, Guy E Pvt Manassa, Colo Battery D. Bois, Louis P Pvt 423 Saratoga St., Boston, Mass Hdqrs. Boltin, John C Pvt 27 Windsor St., Orangeburg, S. C... Battery E. Boreen, John S Pvt Spicer, Minn Battery B. Bosler, Forrest H Pvt 54 Walton St., Atlanta, Ga Supply Co. Boyle, Joseph A Pvt 529 Grant St.. Hazelton, Pa Battery B. Brozowski, Chas Pvt 23 Middle St., Fitchburg, Mass Battery D. Brown, Geo. E Pvt 116 Ely St., Elizabeth, N. J Battery D. Brown, Martin Pvt Browtown, Pa. . . .' Supply Co. Buhecker, Rayd. W....Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, E. Palestine, Colum- bus Co., Ohio Battery E. Burger, Walter M Pvt Wilbur, Nebr Battery C. Burke, Michael Pvt Packer St., Avoca, Pa. . Battery B. Callaghan, John S H. shoer ..251 W. 17th St., N. Y. C Supply Co Campbell, Chas. C Pvt Keokuk, Iowa Battery B Campinini. Samuel ...Pvt Sykesville. Pa Battery A Canady, Wm. J Pvt Imboden. Va Battery B Carden, Joseph M Pvt 1902 Washburn St., Scranton, Pa.... Supply Co Carr, J. E Pvt LaPorte City, Iowa Battery B Cella, Dominick Pvt 138 MacDougall St., N. Y. C Battery F, Charton, Raymond ...Pvt Housel St., Canton, Ohio Supply Co. Clarke, Henry A Pvt Tuckerman St., Arctic. R. I Hdqrs. Clawson, Willard A...Mus Middlesex, N. Y Hdqrs. Cochran, Ira Mus R. F. D. No. 1, Cookville, Texas. .. .Battery F. Cole, James O Mus Dorset, Ohio Battery E. Coleman, Daniel Wag 2028 Wayne Ave., Scranton, Pa Supply Co. Coleman. Rudolph ....Pvt 395 Waddell St.. Letonia, Ohio Battery D. Colvard, Jos. W Pvt Lizella. Ga Battery A. Coren, Hymen Pvt East Port, Maine Battery D. Conoway, Ephraim ...Pvt Vaughnsville, Ohio Battery D. Conti, Alphonso Pvt Sterling Junction, Mass Battery B. Cooper, William F Pvt Fitzwilliam, N. H Battery D. Cotner, Geo. C Pvt 216 Fairmont Ave., Sunbury, Pa.. ..Supply Co. Courchene. Aristido ..Pvt 142 Sale St., Woonsocket, R. I Battery D. Cox, Fred G ,Pvt Powderville, Mont Hdqrs. Cullinane, John Pvt.- Roxbury, Mass Battery D. Culliton, Austin J Pvt Warren, Mass Battery D. Cunningham, Clifford.. Wag R. F. D., Hagertown, Md Supply Co. Curley, Thos. V Pvt 100 Pine St., Dedham, Mass Battery D. Dahl, Alfred K H. shoer ..Savange, Mont Battery E. Decker, Burton A Pvt Melmore, Ohio Battery E. DeFederico, Federicc.Pvt Worlesburg, Pa ..• Battery C. 297 DeLoach, Frank W. ; . . Pvt. ....... Grenoda, Minn. :; .; : Battery C. DePretto, Harry Pvt 124 23rd St., W. New York, N. J.. . .Battery C. Dick,- 'Albert C Pvt 720 McKinley Ave., N. W., Canton, Ohio : Battery D. Dilley, Arthur W Pvt Sykes, Pa :. Battery D. Dillon,: Edby E Pvt Scrugges, Va ?.•;::: Battery D. Dolphin, Edward W.. .Pvt 72 Leonard St., Milford, -Mass Battery D. Donohue, Thomas ....Pvt 5 Ashmont Pk., Dorchester, Mass.. . Battery B. Dougherty, J. J Pvt 1551 Fraser St., N. Philadelphia, Pa. Battery A. East, Geo. W Pvt 89 Bridge St., Springfield, Mass Battery F. Elden, John A Bugler 404 61 st St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Elicker, Harry L Wag 436 W. Princess St., York, Pa Supply Co.* Ellenberger, Samuel ... Pvt 1414 Gibbs Ave., N. E., Canton, O... Supply Co. Evans, W. D Pvt Edgerton, Minn Battery F. Fairfax, Cafir Pvt Hoadly, Prince William Co., Va Battery F. Finningar, Harry Wag R. F. D. 1, New Holland, Pa Supply Co. Ferlas, H. B Mus 461 Hatch St., St. Paul, Minn Hdqrs. Finch, Geo. A Pvt Box 720, Youngstown, Ohio Battery F. Fitzgerald, Robert ...Pvt 94 Apricot" St., Worcester, Mass Hdqrs. Fleig, Louis H. shoer ..121 Schley St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Foster, Elbert H Pvt Maud, Texas Battery E. Foust, Wm. L. ..Pvt 127 Arlington St., N. W., Canton, O. Battery D. Fry, Thomas H Pvt Atlas, Okla. Battery D. Franklin, Robert .....Pvt Adele, Miss Hdqrs. Galuzzo, James ^vt 173 Capital Ave., Meriden, Conn — Battery B. Golum, Barth O Wag Mills City, Pa Supply Co. Goss, Lee R Pvt Hickory Ridge, Ark. Battery A. Gould, Ashley M Pvt 445 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... Hdqrs. Green, Fred Pvt Butler, Vt Battery D. Greives, Ralph H Pvt R. F.D. No. 4, Fulton Ave., Spring- field, O Battery A. Gridley, Clinton E Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Green, Kansas Battery C. Griffith, Joseph A Pvt 2201 Eastern Ave., Cincinnati, O Battery A. Guadazno, Ralph Pvt 2037 First Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Hass, Chas. V Pvt Stony Creek Mill, Pa. .-.. Battery E. Haferd, Leo W Pvt Carey, Ohio ., Battery C. Harbuck, W. E Pvt Floralla, Covington, Ala Battery D. Hardy, Albert W Pvt Ellsworth St., Martinsville, Va Battery F. Haugem, Ole ..Pvt Ostrander, Minn Battery E. Hawkins, Andrew A... Pvt Raymond, Hines City, Miss. Battery D. Heaths, Arthur Hegerle, Jos. A Pvt 423 S. 10th St., Minneapolis, Minn.. .Battery D. Heisel, W. E Pvt 501 5th St., S., Virginin, Minn Battery F. Henry, Earl W Pvt 3008 S. 6th St., Canton, O Supply Co. Hines, Clifford E Pvt 221 Cherry St., Lebanon, Ohio Battery D. Hoffman, Joseph Pvt Sacramento, Calif Battery C. Hoffman, Lewis W....Pvt R. F. D. 1, Lehigh, Iowa Hdqrs. Hogan, Paul Pvt 704 S. 5th St.. Hamilton, Ohio Battery A. Homas, James E Cpl 419 W. 129th St., N. Y. C Battery D. Homes, Albert P Pvt Greentown, Ohio Battery D. Huerta, Adolph Pvt 314 S. Flores St., San Antonio, Tex. Hdqrs. John, Milo Pvt Versailles, N. Y Battery C. Jones, W., Jr Pvt 771 Forest Ave., N. Y. C Battery D. Josefson, John A Pvt Two Harbors, Minn Battery F. Karcher, Louis Pvt 3146 Heath Ave., N. Y. C Battery B. Kane, Anthony N Pvt 1916 Perryville Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.Battery D. Keene, Marvin T Pvt Bonham, Texas Battery C. Keller, Otto A Cpl 230 N. Rudolph St., Indianapolis, Ind Hdqrs. Kennedy, Wm. J Pvt R. F. D. 2, Early, Iowa Battery A. Kidd, Warren H Pvt Columbus Grove, Putnam Co., O.... Battery D. Killian, Ed. J Pvt 204 Crawford Ave., Altoona, Pa Battery E. Koenig, Peter J Pvt 1020 Freeman Ave., Cincinnati, O... Battery F. Kremler, Alfred L Pvt 369 Sumpter St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery C. Krueger, Geo H. shoer ..R. F. D. No. 227, Von Ormy, Texas. Battery F. Lackey, Jos. H Pvt Ordway, Colo HdqrsT Lashaway, Lloyd Pvt R. No. 2, Box 157, Weston, Ohio. . .Battery F. Lauria, Tony Pvt 647 First Ave., New Haven, Conn.. .Hdqrs. Lawson, Western ....Pvt Liverpool, Ohio Battery E. Lazar, Samuel Pvt 18 Clark St., New Britain, Conn.. . .Battery A. Leidner, Emil F Pvt 2017 Himrod St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery E. Lind, J. J., Jr Pvt 253 Clinton St., N. Y. C Supply Co. Litwin, Martin Pvt 3 St. Anns Ave., Plains, Pa Battery F. Loftis, Jos. E Pvt Almond, Wis Hdqrs. Long, Patrick J Pvt 154 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery A. Longuidici, Orazio ...Pvt 103 Hester St., N. Y. C Battery E. Lowenstein, Louis ....Pvt 342 Rodney St., Brooklyn, N. Y Ordnance Lyon, Harold F Pvt 215 Flower Av., E. Watertown, N. Y.Battery D. McGann, Sidney A. ...Pvt 312 Jackson Ave., L. I. C,, Battery C. McHugh, John J Pvt 496 Linwood St., Brooklyn, N. Y.. .Battery E. Majchszak, Jos Pvt 54 Wilkins St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery C. Makey, Frank E Mech Castleton, N. D Battery C. Mara, Michael Pvt 538 Central Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y — Battery D. Martinoz, Adelaide ...Pvt Vallecitos, N. M Supply Co. Martinez, Frank .'Pvt Holcomb, Kansas Battery A. Maziarke, John W....Pvt 2431 S. Karlov Ave., Chicago, 111 Battery C. Mebane, Jos Pvt DeKalb, Texas -.,,r-. Battery C. Merry, Ernest F Pvt 215 N. Grant St., Detroit, Mich Battery B. Mestas, Hiraclio Pvt Cabezon, N. M Battery B. 299 Metcalf , Clarence Pvt Porterville, Erie County, N. Y Battery B. Meyers, W. A Pvt Montrose, Colo Battery D. Migl, Willie J Pvt Flatonia, Fayette Co., Texas Battery D. Napert, Emile Pvt 6 First St., Berlin, N. H Battery E. Neschim, Clarence W. . Cpl Spring Valley,' Minn Hdqrs. Nestlen, Wm Pvt 491 1 7th Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery D. Norling, Emil Pvt St. Maries, Idaho Battery E. Olsen, Clarence Pvt St. Ansger, Iowa Battery C. Onsager, Gussie Pvt Waukon, Iowa Battery E. Otto, Raymond C Pvt 416 E. 8th St., Muscatine, Iowa Battery A. Palasch, Alex , Pvt 1585 St. Marks Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.Battery F. Pappas, Wm Pvt 265 Main St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y... Battery D. Parker, H. H Pvt Dixie, Okla Battery F. Parr, Garrett Pvt Stephenville, Texas Hdqrs. Parrett, John R Pvt Huntington, Mass Battery D. Paz, Evaristo Pvt 602 Dolorosa, San Antonio, Texas. .Hdqrs. Peace, Philip E Pvt Paolie, Pa Battery A. Peterson, John Pvt Leadora, Idaho Battery A. Petraglia, Johnson . . .Pvt 2248 First Ave., N. Y. C: Battery B. Phillips, John Pvt 327 Pacific Ave., Willmar, Minn Battery F. Pompa, Ramon Pvt Lincoln St., Phoenix, Ariz Battery F. Porter, Chas. M Pvt Iliad, Mont Hdqrs. Toveno, Jos Pvt R. R. Y. M. C. A., 2nd St., N. Y. C. . Battery F. Trincippi, Guiseppe ...Pvt 236 York Ave., New Brighton, S. I., N. Y Battery D. Trovensano, Luice ...Pvt 207 E. 105th St., N. Y. C Battery F. Ramsey, Benton Pvt Beaver Springs, Texas Battery C. Reid, Samuel A Pvt Onslow, Iowa Battery C. Reinhart, John Pvt 434 Himrod St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. ^Reynolds, John H Pvt Cameron Mills, N. Y Battery C. Reynolds, Leslie C Springtown, Texas Battery D. Rice, Jos. A Pvt New Orleans, La Battery B. Richenau, Walter ....Pvt Fredericksburg, Texas Battery A. Roddenberry, A. L Pvt Graham, Ga Battery D. Robbenolt, J. A Pvt R. R. No. 2, Tracy, Minn Battery F. Roberts, Ezra Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Morrisville, N. Y. ... Battery A. Roth, F. J Pvt 265 Audubon Ave., N. Y. C Hdqrs. Russell, Mauritz Pvt Cokato, Minn Battery F. Salisbury, Orvie Pvt Nephi City, Utah Battery F. Sapamaro, Frank ....Pvt Meadowdale, Wash Battery E. Schmidt, August Pvt 101 Boyd Ave., Jersey City, N. J — Battery B. Schulman, Morris Pvt 482 Bushwick Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.. Battery E. Schwalb, Emanuel Pvt 144 Nepperham Ave., Yonkers, N. Y.Battery E. 300 Schwartz, Henry Pvt 32 Minerva St., Tonawanda, N. Y. ..Battery D. Sciutteri, Guiseppe ...Pvt Melville, N. J Battery F. See, Frank W Pvt 55 Division Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery E. Shapiro, Louis Pvt 1958 Bergen St., Brooklyn, N. Y.... Battery A. Sherman, Robt Pvt 24 Bradley St., New Britain, Conn.. .Hdqrs. Shoffner, Roy B Pvt 257 Montford Ave., Ashville, N. C. Battery B. Smisek, Jos Pvt 5901 Woodland Ave., Cleveland, O.. Battery E. Smith, Spencer H 53 Washington Square, N. Y. C Battery F. Stopher, Everett Pvt Armour, So. Dak Battery E. Stasulis, Leo Pvt 381 W. 4th St., S. Boston, Mass Battery F. Stutzman, Blair Pvt 267 Front St., Binghamton, N. Y... Battery F. Symmes, Paul Pvt Graniteville Rd., Westford, Mass Battery F. Tansey, George Pvt Richmondville, N. Y Battery D. Temming, William A. .Pvt Concordia, Mo Battery B. Trepkovitz, Vedoc Pvt P. O. Box 222, Springdale, Pa Battery A. Tsamopoulas, Con. ...Pvt 282 St. Nicholas Ave., N. Y. C Battery C. Turner, Chas. S Pvt Chula, Ga Hdqrs. Vacca, Cornino Pvt Taconite, Iowa Battery B. Van Corbach, Wm. B. . Pvt Iveton, Iowa Battery E. Von Pless, Wm. S....Sgt 170 Seneca St., Buffalo, N. Y Battery D. Warner. Espie Sgt Owingsville, Ky Battery B. Weiss, Edward J Pvt 304 Berwick, Easton, Pa Hdqrs. Weller, Foster J Pvt 722 Dewald St., Canton, Ohio Battery E. Wilkenson, O. E H. shoer . .Owasso, Okla Battery B. Williams, William ....Pvt Shady Springs, Raleigh Co., W. Va. .Battery B. Willis, Geo Pvt R. F. D. No. 2, Hickox, Ga Battery C. Wilson, John J .Pvt Farnhamsville, Iowa Battery E. Wisnisky, Stanley ....Pvt Mollenauer, Alleghany, Pa Battery E. Witbey, Geo. W ..Pvt Ossian, N. Y Battery F. Wolf, Albert Pvt R. F. D. No. 3, Windon, Minn Battery A. Worman, Oliver Pvt R. F. D. No. 1, Dunbar, Pa Battery A. Yates, Wm. T Pvt 107 E. Mahony Ave., Mahony City, Pa Battery E. Yoblonsky, Morris ...Pvt 1781 Sterling PL, Brooklyn, N. Y.. . .Battery F. Zerbenobsky, Benny ..Pvt 201 Siegel St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Zettler, Harris Pvt Rancon, Ga Hdqrs. Ziegler, John J Pvt 99 Himrod St., Brooklyn, N. Y Battery F. Zill, Zirkarno Pvt 181 Graham Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y... Battery A. Zimmerman, Wm. E...Pvt 29 Hume Ave., Medford, Mass Battery A. Zipperer, Jos Pvt R. F. D. No. I, Box 34, Marlow, Ga. .Battery F. 301 REGIMENTAL SONGS CAMP UPTON (Written in the early days, when the soldiers spent most of their time digging stumps to clear the ground for drill) Camp Upton, you've got to hand it to us, We're there, you bet your boots ! We have a band that toots ! We have a gun that shoots Some shoots, boys ! We're going to have a drill-field maybe, Nobody knows the day ; But we're the fiercest little bunch of brutes That ever went into the woods and pulled the roots. Camp Upton, you've got to hand it to us, 3-0-4 F. A ! — Attributed to Capt. J. A. Doyle. THE PROPHYLACTIC NEEDLE ' (Tune, In My Harem) (Written when the recruits were being inoculated for typhoid and paratyphoid) Oh, the Needle, the Needle, the prophylactic Needle! And your arm don't have a minute The Needle isn't in it. Para-typhoid, Oi oi, typhoid ! Captain, I'm so seek ! All they do is punch me full Of holes all through the week. 302 Oh, the Needle, the Needle, the prophylactic Needle ! Oh, I ought to be in bed, But I have to work instead, the Captain Tells me it's good for me ! — Attributed to Capt. J. A. Doyle. THE DEAD HORSE BRIGADE (Written on the Vesle front when the Band was busy burying dead horses. See page 120.) (Tune, Chopin's Funeral March) We are the men of the Dead Horse Brigade, We are the men of the Dead Horse Brigade, Glory Hallelujah ! Glory Hallelujah ! We are the men of the Dead Horse Brigade. Solo: For we dig one horse's grave each day, And we never get a cent more pay. Let us hurry, let us not delay, For we have to dig another in the morning. We are the men, etc. (Repeat chorus.) — Musician Oscar Stange: MATERIEL (Tune, When I Get You Alone To-night) (Written when, on paper, tractor-drawn 4.7's had replaced the horse- drawn 3 inch guns) When we get our materiel, Then the horses can go to hell. When we slip into high, how the old dust will fly — Chug chug chug chug, watch us go by! 303 When we slip them our first big shell, How those Germans will run and yell — They will wish they were in heaven When they hear our four point seven, When we get our materiel. Caterpillars will pull us through, There is nothing they cannot do. ■ With a great many clanks we'll shoot by the tanks, Chug chug chug chug, just watch the Yanks ! We will shoot up the bloody Hun As it's never before been done — All the Boche will hit the timber When they see us first unlimber With our brand new materiel. — Written and sung by the Anti-Glee Club. WE'RE THE 304 F. A. (Tune, The British Grenadier) Some talk of the Regular Army And some of the National Guard, But we're the National Army, And the best bet on the card. And of all the snappy outfits In the A. E. F. to-day, There's the Trois Cent Quatre with the soixante quinze, There's the 304 F. A. We're the Trois Cent Quatre with the soixante quinze, We're the 304 F. A. We'll go from here to Berlin, And we'll never ask the way. We're the Trois Cent Quatre with the soixante quinze, We're the 304 F. A. — Attributed to Lieut. C. B. Welling 304 THE MESS-KIT RAG (Original tune) "Come and get it, come and get it," That's the time when we all shine. "Come and get it, come and get it," Then we all jump into line; Then the cook with a look Like a tin-horn sport, Says, "No more seconds, We're running short." Then you turn around and yell, "Take your meal and go to hell !" NO SECONDS! That's the Mess-Kit Rag. — Musician Oscar Stange. THE VESLE AND THE ARGONNE (Tune, Lord Geoffrey Amherst) The 304th Artillery that hails from old New York Is a regiment that everybody knows ; For we started down at Upton in September 'seventeen, And we lived through the Yaphank snows — Yes, we lived through the Yaphank snows. Then off across the ocean we were shipped with all our men, And they were soldiers loyal and true, And we shot up all the Huns that ever came within our sight, And we looked around for more when we were through. CHORUS : Oh, the Vesle and the Argonne, They were names known to fame in days of yore, Now forever made glorious By the fighting of the 3-0-4. 305 And now the war is over, for the Dutchmen had enough, Yes, too much, if the truth be told, Of our screaming high explosive and our shrapnel's deadly rain, And the world knows they're laid out cold — All the world knows they're laid out cold. And for our gallant regiment, among the first to fight, There is a big time coming some day, When the ocean ferries get around to carrying us home, And we sail past our Statue up the Bay. — First verse and chorus by Chaplain J. M.Howard. — Second verse by Lieut. H. Lillibridge. REGIMENTAL HISTORY Oh, first we went to Baccarat to learn to fight the Huns, And all we did was eat and sleep, we never worked the guns. The Germans never fought by night, they never fought by day— A quiet place to learn to fight was up in Reherrey. Chorus : Home, boys, Home, it's home we ought to be, Home, boys, home, in the Land of Liberty, The Ash and the Oak and the Sour Apple Tree They all grow together up in North Amerikee. Oh, then we went to Farm des Dames across from old Bazoches, And took up a position for to harass Henry Boche, But Henry shelled us night and day and gassed us in between — As hot a spot was Farm des Dames as any I have seen. Then we went across the Vesle and up to Vauxcere. The doughboys tried to catch the Hun but he was on the way ; And when we settled in the town he ranged us to a dot, And every time he wanted to he dropped one on the spot. Then the Wops relieved us and we went out South by West, We hiked from Fismes to Menehould with never any rest; We took up a position on a hill above Chalade, With all the big and little guns the U. S. Army had. 3C6 Then we fought the Argonne from Hazree to Grandpre, And took in Abri Crochet and La Viergette on the way. We showed the Hun some fighting and some brand new Yankee tricks, Then we handed Heinie's number to an outfit from Camp Dix. Then we all were granted leave and hit the trail for Nice, But first we spent a week in Paris dodging the Police. Then Pershing planned another push and called us to the line, Because he knew without us he could never cross the Rhine. We started with the usual push but soon were in a race — The nags the Frogs had given us could never stand the pace; So we parked the First Battalion in the city of Verpel, And sent the dizzy Second on to give the Dutchmen Hell. The Second started hell-for-leather riding over France ; They tried to catch the infantry but never had a chance. McDougal got the section up and got it damn well hit. And then the Boche decided it was time for them to quit. We get a lot of rumors and we hear a lot of dope, The Sergeant tells the Corporal when he has cause to hope. And still we practice fighting and liaison in the mud, And every rumor that we get turns out to be a dud. And now the war is over and we'll soon be safe at home, All sitting in Bustanoby's and blowing off the foam. The Germans fought a dirty war and raised a lot of Hell, But when they got the Yankee's goat then they were S. O. L. —Lieut. C. B. Welling. SOME DAY, BROADWAY (Tune original) Some day, Broadway, When all of my troubles are through, Fm coming back, gun baggage and pack, To find repose in you. 307 Your lights so bright A haven of rest they will be. Though far 'cross the foam, I'm coming home, Some day, Broadway. — Corporal Hagan, Battery F, in Oh, Oh, Mademoiselle. CHLORINATION (Written in billeting area when all water had to be chlorinated) (Tune, Old Camp Meetin') Did you ever see a captain chlorinate his water? Oh, my my, hellelujah! When the doctor's around he does it as he oughter, Oh my my, hellelujah! For the typhoid germ is hangin' round, Szzz — szzz-szzz, whoo whoo ! In Aubepierre it can't be found In good old 304. Chlo-rin-ation ! Lister ! Number One, Number Two, Number Three, Para-typhoid ! Para para para para para-typhoid ! Bye and bye. — Officers' Ouartet. I WANT TO GO HOME (Written for the Officers' Mess in Aubepierre) I want to go home, I want to go home! The children and chickens get under your feet, The cows they go roaming all over the street, The mud is almost to your knees, And the only bright spot is Louise. I'm too young to drown in this hell of a town, I want to go home ! — Capt. Huntington Lyman. 308 BATTERY A Hello, hello, Battery A! We're going back to New York town, We came over here to fight with France, And clean out the Argonne with our soixante quinze. But now we're on the sailing list, So line up your section for that last DISMISSED ! Good-by, France, we're on our way, Hello, hello, Battery A! — From the show, Here and There. BATTERY B Just see those Battery B boys, Left right, left right, Just watch them snap into it, One two three four — They fought right through the Vesle, At no place did they fail, And through the Argonne Wood They stood And fought like heroes. They made the Kaiser goose step, Eins Zwie Drei Vier, And at the Meuse we gave them hell. When we get home some day, You'll hear the people say The boys of Battery B are on parade. — From B Battery's Minstrels. 309 BATTERY C (Tune, So This Is Paris) Battery C boys, Battery C boys — We never had a chance to see Paree. It was hike, hike, hike and fire a while, Then make up your packs and hike another mile. Battery C boys, Battery C boys — We'll soon be going home across the sea. Although we never had a chance to see Paree, To have some fun and get a run in by some M. P., President Wilson heard our guns, 1 That's good enough for me! Battery C boys, Battery C boys — Oh, the Hoboken pier is where we want to be. — Cpl. C. Beveridge. 1 See page 223. 3IO