° • v •^ • >\ '■ 4? * 0° +* .1 <*-> °o +*,'&*■ «, » " « « <*^ " * "^O ^ 6 ° " • * ^ JlV > V ,0 V T > V \0 O A ** c, » " " „ ■ .0 V * ' r G - ', ° ^ °* • ■> V& ° " ° - POPULAR DOGS OF THE DAY No. 2 AIREDALE TERRIER STANDARD SIMPLIFIED SECOND EDITION History, Breeding, Rearing Kennel Management Judging Explanation of the Standard and the Year Book . By- W. E. BAKER, Jr. Revised and Compiled Edition ILLUSTRATED 1921 FIELD AND FANCY PUB. CORP. 205 WEST 34th STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. PRICE ONE DOLLAR Popular Handbooks of the Day No. One THE BOSTON TERRIER (Fourth Edition) History, Points, Breeding, Care in Health and Disease. Profusely illustrated. Price.. $1.00 No. Two THE AIREDALE TERRIER (Second Edi- tion). Combined with The Airedale Ter- rier Standard Simplified. Handsomely illustrated. Price i.oo No. Three YEAR BOOK AND CALENDAR. With which is included the list of Licensed Judges, Supeiintendents, Registered Ken- nels, Champions of Record and the Lead- ing and Reliable Kennels and Breeders of Dogs in America. Price i.oo No. Four THE PEKINGESE SPANIEL— Its History and Earlier Days and Original Data on Distemper. Price 50 No. Five THE COLLIE STANDARD SIMPLIFIED. Price 50 OTHER POPULAR WORKS IN PREPARATION Sent on Receipt of Price FIELD AND FANCY PUBLISHING COMPANY 205 WEST 34th STREET NEW YORK POPULAR DOGS OF THE DAY No. 2 AIREDALE TERRIER STANDARD SIMPLIFIED SECOND EDITION History, Breeding, Rearing Kennel Management Judging Explanation of the Standard and the Year Book By- W. E. BAKER, Jr. Revised and Compiled Edition ILLUSTRATED 1921 FIELD AND FANCY PUB. CORP. 205 WEST 34th STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. Copyrighted, 1921 By F. J. Skinner n SEP 14 '21 §)CI A624344 DEDICATED TO RUSSELL P. ORCUTT AND ROBERT F. HEIGHT FORMER PARTNERS AND FRIENDS OF THE AUTHOR Table of Contents CHAPTER I I [iSTORY OF THE BREED The Early Days of the Airedale in England — Origin of the Name — First Show Dogs — "Bruce" Father of the Breed — Influence of Master Briar on the Strain 9-11 CHAPTER II History of the Breed ( Continued) L CHAPTER III Principals of Breeding Breeding" Airedales — Common" Terms Explained — General Prin- ciples in Practical Breeding — Examples in Prominent Strains — The Larchmere Airedales — Mr. McGough's Dogs — The Geelongs 21-24 CHAPTER IV Housing the Dog Breeding Kennels — Brood Bitches — Colony System — Puppy Rais- ing — Cutting Tails — Ideal Brood Matron One of the Family Household — "Farming Out" the Bitches — Picking the Best of the Litter 25-33 CHAPTER V Building the Kennel Location of the Kennel Buildings — "Colony Mouse System" — Ideal for Airedales — Dogs "At Walk" — Proper Discipline Neces- sary — Bitches and Litters Kept Separately — Care of the Show Dogs 34-37 CHAPTER VI Management of the Kennel Kennels and Kennel Management — Training — General System for Feeding Grown Dogs — Reasonable Warmth and Comfort a Necessity — Do Not Expect Best Results on One Kind of Food 38-41 CHAPTER VII Putting the Kennel on a Paying Basis Running a Profitable Kennel — Do Not Hold Young Stock Too Long — Advertising and Printed Matter — Care, Good Judgment and Honesty in All Statements Brings Best Results 42-45 CHAPTER VIII The Judging Ring Judging Airedales — General Principles of Live Stock Judging —System and Method — Ring Etiquette and Manners — Study the Points of Value Between Your Show Stock and Your Breeding Foundation 46-50 Airedale Terrier Champions of Record 51 Skeleton of Terrier Showing Bones and Joints 52 Airedale Terrier Standard 54-55 Airedale Terrier Standard Simplified 56-76 Summary of Shows for 1920 — The Date, -the Judge, the Points, the Winning Dogs and Bitches 78-90 'Summary of Judges' Appointments 1920 92-94 Airedale Terrier Clubs of America 95 Directory of Reliable Airedale Terrier Breeders...'. 98 5 Index to Illustrations ♦ The Otterhound — J. C. Carrick's Charmer 11 Old English Terrier and Rabbit 13 The White Terrier 15 Cholmondeley Briar, One of the Earlier Dogs 17 Fracture, L. P. C. Astley's Bitch 19 Newbold Jack, One of the Earlier Dogs 20 Ch. Clonmel Monarch, Imported by C. M. Newbold 21 Ch. Bolton Woods Briar, the Great Airedale Sire 23 Ch. Huckelberry Bass, a Crompton Marvel Dog 25 Bresma Bacchante, One of the Greatest Matrons 27 Ch. Bingley Blossom, the American-bred Bitch 29 Ch. The New King, Mr. Arthur Merritt's Great Dog 31 Princess Peggy 32 Ch. Tanglewold Una 33 English Colony House 35 Young King Nobbier 37 English Champion Felden Flower Girl 39 Gamecock Surprise, a Representative American-bred 41 English Champion Legram's Princess 43 Ch. Prince of York 44 Ch. Clonmel's Last Litter 45 Ch. Hedgeley Flash 47 Clonmel Victoria 49 6 Skeleton of Terrier 52 Ch. Polam Maxim 54 Int. Ch. Tintern Tiptop 56 Brookhaven Laddie, the Great American-bred 57 Ch. Matlock Bob, one of the Earlier Champions 59 Ch. Earlwood Warlock, a Head Study 61 Imp. Ch. Doreda Cragmillar Prince 62 Ch. Kenmare Conjuror 64 Ch. Bingley Blossom, a Head Study 66 Pappio Clipper, One of the Middle West Dogs 67 Hot, a Clonmel Monarch — Pretty Florrie Dog 69 Tintern Tango — One of the Ohio Airedales 71 Anoakia Vencedor, a Coast Airedale 73 Campfire Airedales, Owned and Bred by J. Walker Robins 74 Streonshath Xanthippe. An Excellent Specimen of the Primrose Type 75 Cathian Pottery Invader, a Middle West Airedale 76 Brentwood Thrasher 78 Criterion Batchelor 79 Ch. Earlwood Warlock, One of the Best of the American-breds 80 The Late Ch. Polam Milkmaid 81 Ch. Soudan Swiveller, an Airedale That Has Made History &2 The Late Ch. Gold Heels 8.5 Ch. York Sceptre 84 A Trio of Morning View Airedales 85 Wawassee Jack Daw - 86 Strathallan Solace, an Early English Airedale 87 Clipstone Sunbeam, One of the Clipstone Strain 88 Ch. Briergate Brightlight 89 FOREWORD In presenting this book to the public, the author has aimed to review the earlier history of the Airedale and, if possible, to help the novice avoid some of the pitfalls and stumbling blocks in the zuay of becoming a breeder of ''good ones," and of knowing them m and out of the show ring. Thanks are due to Mr. W . L. Barclay, Mr. John McGough, Mr. C. H. Mason, Mr. Walter Reeves, Mr. Emmctt Warburton and the works of Mr. Buckley, Mr. Phillips, Mr. Haynes and Mr. J civet t for helpful information. CHAPTER I The Early Days of the Airedale in England — Origin of the Name — First Show Dogs— "Bruce" Father of the Breed — Influence of Master Briar on the Strains. Classes were first provided for Airedale Terriers at the Airedale Agri- cultural Society's show held at Bingley, Yorkshire, England. Soon after Skipton, Bradford, Keighley and Otley provided classes for Airedales. This first show was in 1879 and the shows at Bingley remained for some years the principle Airedale show, when the show at Otley, given by the oldest Agricultural society in England, became the chief Airedale show, the Otley -gold medal for Airedales being for many years considered the premier honor for the breed. Later still, London, The Great Joint and other Southern shows were held and the popularity of the Airedale firmly established in England. The name Airedale was selected at a meeting of fanciers of the Bradford district of the West Riding of Yorkshire some time previous to the Bingley Show of 1879, and was selected from the fact of the breed having originated in the dale (valley) of the river Aire, one of the tributaries of the Ouse, as were also the rivers Wharfe. Colne, and Calder, all household names in early Airedale history. Some correspondence in the "Live Stock Journal" occurred in 1878 in regard to a name for these "Waterside Terriers," for which classes had been provided at the local Yorkshire shows for some time. Mr. E, Bairstow of Bradford, one of the earliest fanciers, whose kennel prefix "Rustic*' was very well known in the early Airedale exhibitions, in some interesting notes in the "Dog Owners' Annual," published in 1894, wrote, "This breed owes its origin to the working and middle class in- habitants of Airedale and surrounding districts ; take Bradford as a center and say a fifteen mile radius. About fourteen years ago or perhaps more, the local dog societies commenced making classes for them as 'Waterside Terriers' at their annual shows, until they at last gained the highest number of entries, on some occasions upward of two hundred at one exhibition; in fact the large number entered at one of the Bingley gatherings held at the show of the Airedale Agricultural Society caused the surprise of a popular dog judge (Mr. Hugh Dalziel) who said to the committee 'These Waterside Terriers are very good, and » seem to be constantly increasing in numbers and popularity. Why not give them a proper name? They are worthy of it I am sure.' Every one present agreed, and after much discussion the name of Airedale Terrier was decided on, seeing this was the Airedale Show, and that the variety was always well represented there." The consensus of opinion among those qualified to know is that the breed itself originated from the Old English Terrier and the Otter Hound, probably the local working Terriers used along the waterside being used on Otter Hound bitches to improve the water qualities of the working terriers. The Old English Terrier, weighing from 25 to 30 pounds was a strong, fearless, tyke, good dog for vermin and dead game, but lacking the power of scent. The Otter Hound supplied this, was on the spot, and improved the terrier's watermanship. Frequent crosses were probably made until a new type of larger and stronger terrier was evolved, becoming known as the "Waterside Terrier," and eventually the Airedale. The first prominent show Airedales, were Champion Bruce, Champion Wharf edale Rush, Mr. Tom Carr of Keighley's Crack, Mr. Horsfall's Trimmer. Champion Vixen III was quite one of the best of that day, with a coat like wire, owned by Mr. Walker of Bradford. Mr. Bairstow's dogs Rustic Twig, Rustic Lad, and Ch. Rustic Kitty, this last a very fine bitch, were quite the best earlier ones. To quote from Mr. Bairstow again, "At the time when the Airedale received his name, one called 'Bruce' was at the head of the breed, and I think we might confer on him the honor of being called the Father of the Breed." Bruce sired Ch. Brush, whose daughter Bess, bred to a dog named Rattler sired Mr. John G. Horrock's "Airedale Jerry," who was the sire of Mr. H. M. Bryan's Ch. Cholmondeley Briar, from whom nearly all the best show Airedales have descended. Briar was bred to a bitch named Rosamund by Newbold Test, another early winner and produced Briar Test, who mated to Betty by Mr. Maude Barrett's A. P. Bruce, produced the great Champion Master Briar, the founder of the modern Airedale. Master Briar from the description of him written hy those who saw him, must have been a good one himself, quite comparable to many of our best twentieth century Airedales. Master Briar sired Clonmel Monarch, later exported to Philadelphia. In England Monarch was sire of Ch. Tone Regent, Ch. Broadlands Royal Descendant, and Ch. Clcnmel Bed Rock, and a lot of good bitches, which afterwards produced many good ones. Ch. Clonmel Monarch sired Clonmel Chilperic who mated to Clonmel Loyal, a granddaughter of Master Briar produced Ch. Master Royal. Master Royal, mated to Madame Briar, a daughter of Ch. Master Briar sired Ch. Midland Royal, a noted sire, whose daughters particularly were great producers. He sired Midland Rollo, in turn a good sire, Midland Marvin, Mistress Ida, Woodgreen Squire, etc., and a bitch which bred to Tintern Desire produced Ch. Tintern Royalist. Crompton Marvel was another son of Ch. Master Briar out of the noted brood matron, Woodland Judy, who also produced to Master Briar, Ch. Colne Lucky Baldwin, Crompton Marvel never became a champion, but proved a very useful stud. He was a laster and a real terrier. Marvel sired Ch. Crompton Almida, Ch. Crompton Performer, Ch. Huckleberry Lass, Ch. Freeman Terror, Briarcan Sultan, and Caerphilly Marvel. The latter three exported to America. Freeman Terror sired Oakroyd Terror, a very high class terrier that the writer saw in England a number of years ago. Oakroyd Terror was the sire of Ch. Kenmare Conjurer, which brings us down to many present day winners in America. Another son of Crompton Marvel was Marvellous Boy, in turn sire of Kindale Crack, an Otley Medal Winner, and sire of Granite Invader, Granite Glitter, etc., winners a few years ago in this country. Crompton Marvel's greatest son was Ch. Crompton Oorang, an old dog in 1911, when the writer saw him at the Wolverhampton Show, but still showing with fire. He was the sire of Ch. Prince of York, who in turn sired 1(1 Ch. Clonmel Command, Endcliffe Commander, sire of the great bitch Ch. Yickery Soubrette, Ch. Bothwell Sorceress, Clonmel Hearts Key, an English winner, Larchmere Proud Prince, sire of Larchmere Pretender, and some of the lovely Larchmere bitches, Princess Peggy and Bilmer Constance out of Ch. The Marchioness. Ch. Clonmel Imperious was a daughter of Cromp- ton Oorang and in Canada, his son Ch. Rockey Oorang, sire of Ch. Flornell Oorang, Ch. Clonmel Isonomy, Abbey Master Magic and Ch. King Oorang. Among the get of the latter are Ch. Afton Queen Oorang, Ch Baughfell Briar, Baughfell Sceptre, and King Oorang bitches proved good producers. Fair Play and Heart's Desire from Gay Lady, and Ch. Geelong Cadet from Tanglewold Titania, producing the best. From a breeding point of view, Crompton Oorang's greatest son was Tintern Desire, one of the breed's greatest sires. His blood has produced J >~ THE OTTERHOUND, J. C. Carrick's Charmer, by Wellington ex Countess a large percentage of the best winners in both England arid America. Desire sired Ch. Tintern Royalist, one of the best Airedales ever shown in America, Ch. Woodhall Bobs, Ch. Springbank Sceptre, Ch. Vickery Vesta, Ch. Dargle Deputy, Ch. Springbank Sunshine, and the famous brood matron Brosna Bacchante, winner of two English Championships, including Crufts in 1910, imported by the writer in 1911. Bred to Uncle Sam, whose breeding we will refer to again, she produced the great bitch Bingley Blossom, twice a Garden winner. Bacchante was also dam of Ch. McConnell's Queen, and granddam of Ch. Killarney Christmas Bells, Ch. Killarney Regent, and Tanglewold Terror, whose ability as a sire lay in producing bitches who have produced winners, also sire of Ch. Geelong Cadet, Lucknow Homespun, etc., and grandsire of Ch. Brookhaven Laddie, Mystery Marchioness, etc. Thus we see how the blood of Master Briar traces directly to a host of the best winners' of the last fifteen years and through them to those dogs that are doing the winning today. 11 CHAPTER IT History of the Breed in America — Ch. Clonmel Monarch and His Philadelphia Connections — Early New York Fanciers and Their Dogs — Some of the Boston Admirers of the Breed. The first Airedale imported to America was probably Ch. Bruce, brought over in 1881 by Mr. C. H. Mason. He was, however, too far in advance of the times, and I believe the dog was sold and lost track of. Broadlands Brushwood owned by Hopkinson and Mallorie was probably the first Aire- dale shown in America. Waterside Wizard, Twig, and a bitch called Rosebud were among the earlier Airedales imported, but it was not until around 1900, that the breed really got its start in America. In England, Master Briar was really the start of the modern Airedale, and in America Master Briar's greatest son Ch. Clonmel Monarch can be looked upon as the father of the breed. His dam was Richmond Peggy, a sound heavy bitch, which stood close to ground on fair legs and feet, she had a nice eye and ear, but was light in tan. Her dam was Richmond Nell, a light-eyed specimen with a wavy coat. She had a very good ear. Ch. Clonmel Marvel was the sire of Peggy. In England the blood of Monarch descends through his grandson, Ch. Master Royal, whose sons, Ch. Midland Royal and Elruge Monarch, both imported in their later days to America, were very successful sires, and they appear in many of the pedigrees of today's American winners. Through the dam's side, Elruge Monarch was the sire of Gaelic Huzzar, known on this side as Soudan Swiveller, who is still alive at this writing, and this blood was particularly valuable in improv- ing color and texture of coat, red tan, length of heads, and dark eyes. Elruge Monarch also sired the great show and brood bitch Bracknell Bitter- sweet, in America known as Ch. Larchmere Bittersweet. She did the breed in America an immense amount of good. These English descendants of Clonmel Monarch later imported to America, helped along the breed greatly, showing the great strength in this line of blood. Clonmel Monarch himself was imported by Mr. C. B. Newbold of Philadelphia, who may be said to have started the fancy in that city, the cradle of the breed in America. Monarch's best son in America was Ch. Red Raven, twice a Garden winner. He also sired Ch. The Chorister, Ch. The Gamecock, Ch. The Marchioness, Ch. Tanglewold Una, and the very useful stud Wyndhill Vandal. The first two dogs of note of the Monarch strain shown in America were the litter brothers Ch. Farleigh Mikado and Ch. Wyndhill Tackle, sired by Crosswick's Dandy, a son of Monarch out of Crosswick's Beauty, and bred by Mr. A. E. Newbold of Philadelphia. Mikado's ears set on a bit low and his skull was peculiarly formed, but he was a grand Airedale, and good enough at seven years of age to be runner-up for the Wissahickon Gold Medal, at that time like the Otley medal in England, the premier honor an Airedale could win in America — to Ch. Pilgrim Yellow Jacket. Mikado can 12 be placed even today as one of the best half dozen Airedales bred in America. For some strange vagary neither Mikado or Tackle ever accom- plished anything as sires. The next pair of winners were Ch. The Gamecock, and The Barrister, the latter was a great favorite with many, both bred by Barclay and Johnson, out of the imported bitch Colne Miracle, bred by Mills and Buckley by Clonmel Marvel ex Clonmel Sensation. Gamecock was sired by Monarch and The Barrister by Wyndhill Vandal, by Monarch out of Crosswick"s Sweet Briar, a daughter of Ch. Master Briar. Vandal was bred by C. B. Newbold. Like all good sires he had great individuality. Ch. Red Sunlight was a very good bitch bred by R. H. Johnson, Jr., and was by Vandal ex Red Queen, by Monarch ex Red Hackle, by Penhros' Mustard out of Bowling Doris, two early New York importations. Ch. Hedgeley Flash was bred the same way. Red Queen was also dam of the OLD ENGLISH TERRIER AND RABBIT (From a Painting by G. Armfield, reproduced from "Jesse's Anecdotes of Dogs") great brood matron York Vixen by York Masterpiece, another son of Master Briar. Vixen proved to be of great use in New York. Probably the best Airedale owned by Mr. Barclay was Ch. Wyndhill Diana, also bred by Mr. Johnson. Diana defeated Ch. Babs, Ch. The Marchioness when at their best, and also Ch. Endcliffe Radiance and Dum- barton Sunshine, two of the best imported bitches of that period prior to 1910. Diana also defeated Ch. The Gamecock for the special at Danbury, the oldest dog show in America, and then one of the "hot" Airedale Shows. She was by The Gamecock ex Blue Gown, another daughter of Vandal. Ch. The Chorister and Ch. The Norseman were bred by Mr. Lynford Biddle, who for what he accomplished in the time he was in the Airedale game, must always be accorded a place as one of the very few master breeders we have had in Airedales in America. The Chorister was by Monarch ex Dumbarton Vixen, a daughter of Master Briar, and The Norse- man by The Chorister ex Ch. Babs by The Gamecock ex Dumbarton Vixen and also bred by Mr. Biddle. Ch. The Marchioness was bred the same as The Chorister. Her daughter, Princess Peggy and Bilmer Constance, were very high class bitches, both of whom proved good producers, Constance 13 Icing dam of Ch. Bilmcr Bingo and granddam of Bilmer Melody, Fol- der Rol, etc. At his best, Ch. The Norseman could more than hold his own with any of the Airedales shown in his time or since, and like Mikado will rank as one of the best half dozen American bred Airedales of any time, and in the opinion of many leading fanciers, quite at the top of the list. Ch. Red Raven, twice a Garden winner, was probably the best ever bred by Mr. Johnson, who with Mr. Barclay as partner, and later by himself, has done first and last an immense deal for the benefit of the breed. Red Raven never did much as a sire, though he sired three champions. Sitting Bull, when at his best, was a good one by Raven out of York Vixen, and Mr. A. B. Dalby's Longhill Doris was an excellent bitch out of Ch. Longhill Peggy. There were, of course, many more good Airedales about Philadelphia which have not been mentioned. Riding Master, Cricketer owned by Mr. Thomas Cadwalader, Air. William Whittem's wonderful bitch Ch. Ingaflora, as a bitch in the same class as Mikado and Norseman, also twice a Garden winner. Her breeding will be seen later in taking up the earlier dogs about New York. Red Hackle, and Mr. Barclay's old timer Wyndhill Bristles, one of the first American bred ever shown, was one that would compare favorably even with today's winners. Most of the Philadelphia bitches of note have been mentioned. The greatest brood matrons were Dumbarton Vixen, by Master Briar, Colne Miracle, Crosswick's Beauty Vampire, Crosswick's Sweetbrier, Hast- ing's Duster, Red Queen, Ingafield Lady, etc. These earlier bitches as a whole were not so good as those in the next decade, that is after 1910, such as Polam Milkmaid, Briergate Brightlight, Vickery Soubrette, Lucknow Dream, Larchmere Perpetua, Princess Peggy, Bingley Blossom, etc. Around 1906 the competition in bitches was very keen and there were many good ones shown, New York beginning to come to the fore again from Mr. Arden's first start, as the Philadelphia strain commenced to go to seed. Kismet Kestral and Maude, two of Mr. J. H. Brookfield's strain, Mr. Offer- man's York Victoria, Ingaflora, Red Sunlight, Babs, Wyndhill Diana, and Pretty Florrie, were all good ones having their ups and downs in the show ring. Rowsley Regina was another winner of this time. Pretty Florrie was an imported bitch having been sent over to Mr. Bro.">kfield by Mr. George Raper. She was by the same sire as Ch. Legram's Prince and Briarwood and the dam of Ch. Bolton Woods Briar, Studholme Spark, who was by Mr. Emil Sasches' great English winner, Studholme Sherry by Briar Test, and going back to Mr. Bairstow's Rustic Rushlight, a grand coated and colored one. Pretty Florrie had the distinction of producing the last litter sired by Ch. Clonmel Monarch, born at Hornell, New York, December 22, 1907, It contained Hot and Maid Marion, two fair ones, and Ch. Tanglewold Una. She was not shown until nearly four years old, but had a great time of it for her owner, Mr. J. N. R. Bryant, who was fortunate enough to purchase her as a puppy for forty dollars. She was a very stylish bitch, of' a good size, and bar her coat, might have been better, was one of the best half dozen American bred bitches yet produced. Hot had a great front, and was a very stylish dog, but like his Philadelphia contemporaries of this time, failed to produce anything of note, though some of his daughters about New York made a good cross for dogs of the Bolton Woods Briar strain. From 1900 to 1910 Clonmel Monarch was the outstanding sire of the breed and established a great strain, but since Red Raven, Philadelphia has not produced any great winners, and for some cause or other, the blood ran 14 cait. Mr. Johnson bred one or two nice bitches since that date, and the Monarch strain has carried on, though in a different hne through Abrecorn Gold Edge and other later Philadelphia dogs. The Monarch strain is notable for dark eyes, good ears, flat shoulders, good foreface, heads of moderate length, good coats though inclined not to last in color, but above all for the correct make and shape. Any breeder today who possesses a bitch of the Monarch strain may be considered most fortunate. Mr. W. L. Barclay, who may now well be considered the Dean of the fancy in America, to whom the writer is indebted for much information, says of the older dogs that have been mentioned, "All these dogs except Wyndhill Tackle and The Gamecock were smaller and neater than many of the winners of today, and at their best could more than give a good account of themselves in the show ring with today's winners." To go back to the earlier period around 1900 and to change the venue to New York. In this earlier time, the New York fanciers were not idle, and many good ones were imported. Mr. Lorillard Arden, Mr. Cochrane, THE WHITE ENGLISH TERRIER the Dog) From Vero Shaw's Book of Mr. Scott McComb, Mr. William E. Hill, Mr. W. S. Tod, Mr. Perry Bel- mont, Mr. Foxhall Keene, and Mr. Theodore Offerman, being the leading j'anciers. Mr. Arden imported Clonmel Marvel from Mills and Buckley, this being the first notable importation to America. Rockferry Pounder, also owned by Mr. Arden was a useful sort of dog. Mr. Cochrane's Barkerend Lillian was a very good bitch, winning her championship at New York, Kansas City and St. Paul. Hastings Clipper and Penhros' Mustard were two of Mr. Arden's dogs that also did a good deal of winning. Hastings' Mona was Mr. Cochrane's best and a very good bitch. Mr. Percy Mallorie was showing his Brushwoods about this time, which was about the time that Mr. Clement B. Newbold of Philadelphia started with the very symmetrical im- ported bitch Vampire and others. Mr. Thomas Cadvvalader also of Phila- delphia was showing at New York. About the same time Mr. Jos. A. Laurin of Montreal started his importations. The New York dogs were of all types, coming from various parts of England, most of the good ones eventually finding their way to New York. Accrington Crack, imported by Mr. Tiffany, was a good sort and had, as we > 15 shall see, more real value to the future of Airedales in New York than most of the others. Mr. Hill's Ainsflyer Deputy was one of the earliest home-bred ones, and Ainsflyer Pounder and some of the Ryecroft bitches of Mr. Tod's, were also good ones. Mr. McComb's Rowsley Sultan and Rowsley Regina were also very good ones. Mr. Keene imported several very good ones bringing over Clonmel Bedrock, in the hope of defeating Clonmel Monarch, which he, however, failed to do, and several very good bitches. Clonmel Coronation being the best, though he lost one beautiful bitch from the Clonmel kennels on the way over. It was not, however, until Mr. Theodore Offerman's entry into the Aire- dale fancy that New York began to accomplish much in the breeding line. Mr. Offerman imported a son of Master Briar, in England known as Tone Masterpiece, in America as Ch. York Masterpiece. He was one of Master Briar's great sons. He was out of Houston Nell. At his best he was the top dog of his day, and while small was a dog with great individuality, an absolutely flat head, small ear, and out and out of the pronounced terrier type. York Masterpiece, was as we shall see, particularly useful in siring some great brood matrons, who were able to pass along his terrier characteristics, particularly those two great producers York Vixen and Nellie J. Vixen's connection with the Philadelphia dogs has been seen. Nellie J. went back to Mr. Cochrane's dog Penhros' Mustard. Masterpiece's chief claim to fame rests on his great daughter Ch. Dum- barton Sceptre, whom Mr. Offerman also imported. She was out of a daughter of Clonmel Monarch, Claverhouse Enchantress, the great English brood matron, dam of several great winners. Ch. York Sceptre, as she became in America, must always rank as one of the greatest bitches shown in America. She had splendid bone and substance. Baughfell Sceptre, a daughter of York Sceptre, a good winner, was the dam in turn of Tangle- wold Titania by Ch. King Oorang, Titania being the dam of Ch. Geelong Cadet, the sire of Brookhaven Laddie, thus showing a direct descent from the good early importations. Masterpiece also sired Ch. York the Haymaker, an extremely long headed dog. Haymaker was the sire of Baughfell Sceptre. Mr. Offerman also imported a dog named Floriform, a son of Masterpiece. He won at the Garden, but unfortunately lost an ear in a kennel fight with Bolton Woods Briar. Floriform was a bit shortheaded, but a very well made one. He sired Mr. J. H. Brookfield's fine long headed Ch. Kismet Flashlight out of Kismet Kumy's Ch. Ingafield Wild Rose and Mr. Whit- tem's great Ch. Ingaflora, twice a Garden winner and one of the best bitches ever shown. Her dam was the imported bitch Ingafield Lady by Monarch. York Masterpiece was a terrier through and through, and did a good deal to help along the American bred Airedales through his daughters, which when bred to Bolton Woods Briar, started a new line of blood, at the time when the Monarch strain was beginning to run thin. In looking backwards over a, decade of Airedale history, the enhanced significance of certain lines of blood becomes apparent in the light of the later development of the breed. Particularly is this a fact in certain cases and perhaps not more so than in the lamentable fortune attending the career of one of the greatest, if not, perhaps, the greatest of all sires in the history of the Airedale in America, Bolton Woods Briar. Any Airedale who sires four champions in two litters, and is himself the litter mate of another champion, (Bolton Woods Blossom), should command the attention of every Airedale breeder, and when the sons and daughters of this Airedale are also producers of champion stock, the road 16 to success is clear if one will but follow it. And yet, what a limited op- portunity, compared with that of.Clonmel Monarch, did Bolton Woods Briar ha.ve to establish one of the few thoroughly consistent strains of Airedales that have existed over a considerable period of time and have met with a considerable and consistent success. To Air. Offerman belongs the credit of importing Bolton Woods Briar, but the condition in which the dog was shown in this country, his color, and the criticisms the dog met with in the kennel press, particularly from ''Xorth Country," who said "the less said of Bolton Woods Briar the better," soon induced Mr. Offerman to part with him. and for the future good of the Airedale, he was purchased by Mr. John McGough of Brooklyn, one of the very few constructive breeders of the earlier days. He was bred to Queenie, a daughter of Mr. Tiffany's Accrington Crack, another strangely neglected dog, out of Holders Queen. In this litter were the first two winners of this CHOLMONDELEY BRIAR, One of the Earlier Airedales, Owned by Mr. H. M. Brians strain, the Brown Prince, the Black Queen, which won first and second puppies and specials at Wissahickon show of 1905, which must be re- membered, was bearding the lion in his den, as Philadelphia was then a hotbed of Airedale enthusiasts and breeders. In looking back now to those days, the enhanced significance of this bitch, the Black Queen, to the future good of the Airedale in the light of subsequent history is very apparent. She was a trifle small, but was par- ticularly endowed with Bolton Woods Briar qualities and was a dark colored one as her name implies. Bolton Woods Briar was then bred to Nellie J. by Champion York Masterpiece out of York Topsy Turvy, by Penhros' Mustard ex Bowling Doris. From this litter resulted Champion Harry Jones and Champion Lillian Jones and a third very good dog, Walter Woods, these latter two being 17 second and third puppies at Wissahickon in 1908. Mr. McGough here showed his astuteness as a breeder, and bred the Black Queen to Champion Harry Jones. The resulting litter produced Uncle Sam, Lady Mary and Lady Bolton. In the light of subsequent history, this litter was a most important one. Lady Mary was one of the best and most beautiful bitches ever shown in this country. She richly deserved the champion prefix but came to an unfortunately early end when her second litter was whelped, being only one year and ten months old. She was shown only four times as a puppy, winning six firsts, numerous specials, and- one reserve winners. Unquestion- ably had she lived, she would have become a champion. Barring that her ears could have been carried a trifle higher, she was practically faultless. Bred to Soudan Swiveller, Lady Mary got Ch. Gold Heels. Uncle Sam was a good individual but goes down in history chiefly as being the sire, when bred to Brosna Bacchante, of the famous bitch Bingley Blossom, very much in type and character of the good bitch Lady Mary, and others of the lovely bitches of this strain, notably the Black Queen herself, Nancy Lee and Heart's Desire. Bolton Woods Briar was also bred to York Vixen by Champion York Masterpiece out of Red Queen by Clonmel Monarch, the latter being the dam of Champion Red Sunlight and Champion Hedgeley Flash. This litter pro- duced Mr. John Murray's famous dog, Briar's Masterpiece, who won his championship by the time he Avas ten months old. Champion Longhill Peggy, Mr. Dalby's noted winner was also in this litter as were Briar's Boy, Briar's Teddy and Missourian Briar, three very good dogs, also Briar's Masterpiece sired Champion Pilgrim Yellow Jacket, a Wissahickon Gold Medal winner, who in turn sired the dam of another famous bitch Champion Vickery Soubrette. Briar's Masterpiece also sired Tanglewold Briar Test, out of Pretty Florrie, a typical Bolton Woods Briar type, the best American bred out in 1910, winning the special at Morrdstown under James Mortimer over Champion Larchmere Mistress Magnet, etc., and good enough to have finished a champion, but was unfortunately shown against Champion Tintern Royalist and Champion Prince of York, to whom he was repeatedly Reserve Winners-. Mr. Glynn who judged in New York in 1910 afterwards wrote that barring his light color, Champion Briar's Masterpiece was the best Airedale in the show. Champion Red Raven bred to Ch. Longhill Peggy got Ch. Longhill Doris and Briar's Teddy bred to the Black Queen got the beautiful bitch Nancy Lee, who won the puppy class at Philadelphia in 1910. This bitch was one of the best of this strain and of distinctly the same type and character as Champion Bingley Blossom. Old Black Joe, who won the puppy class at Newark in 1910 and died directly after, was sired by Ch. Harry Jones, and will be remembered as a very high class dog by all who saw him. Lady Bolton, the litter sister of Uncle Sam and Lady Mary, has also carried on the strain. Her daughter, Nightshade W. by Baughfell Model, being a very good bitch of the same type as Lady Maiy, Blossom and Nancy Lee. Another daughter of Lady Bolton by Hot was exceptionally good and a daughter by Swiveller, the same cross that produced Gold Heels, bred to Charter Oak Advance Guard produced Tanglewold Talisman, that is about as good an American bred as any and of the distinctly Bolton Woods Briar type. A daughter of Nightshade W. by Abrecorn Gold Edge bred to Champion Geelong Cadet produced Mr. Wilford Wood's well known dog, Brookhaven Laddie, who in his turn seems to be carrying on the strain. 18 Champion Master Briar bred to the great hitch Champion Dumbarton Lass got Odsal Crack, who sired four champions, "Rock Prince, Sweet Moireen, Bolton Woods Blossom and Bolton Woods Briar, these last two out of Studholme Floss, by Studholme Slpark by Studholme Sherry, a contemporary of Master Briar by the same sire, Briar Test. Sherry was a very good dog and had a meteoric show career and Spark sired Champion Legram's Prince, Pretty Florrie, Briarwood, and several other good ones, so that on his dam's side Bolton Woods Briar was very well bred, which may be one reason for his remarkable prepotency. The Bolton Woods Briar strain produces an average high class type on the hackney built line, sound in bone and substance, with hard coats, strong foreface, not merely whisker, good heads, eyes and ears. Along with other strains there has been a tendency to go red with age, and also, perhaps, a lack of that extreme show quality possessed by so few Terriers only, but FRACTURE, the Airedale Bitch Owned by Mr. L. P. C. Astley, and One of the Earliest of the Breed which is so much desired in a show dog. This strain is very strong and con- sistent in getting the essential Airedale qualities of bone, substance, coat and foreface and has and is producing many of America's foremost Airedales — Ch. Harry Jones, Ch. Lillian Jones, Ch. Briar's Masterpiece, Ch. Longhill Peggy, Ch. Longhill Doris, Ch. Bingley Blossom, Ch. Vickery Soubrette, Ch. Gold Heels, Lady Mary, Uncle Sam, Tanglewold Briar Test, Fair Play, Nancy Lee, Rough and Tumble, Heart's Desire, Brookhaven Laddie, and Tanglewold Talisman, being some of the better known dogs of this strain. In going back again to the earlier period to the start of the breed in Boston, one name stands out prominently — that of Mr. Arthur Merritt. An old Yorkshire man, he was pre-eminently a breeder, though willing to buy the best. His dogs were bought principally for breeding purposes. The New King and the Crown Duchess were the two principal importations of Mr. Merritt's. They were good colored and coated, upstanding and big muzzled, and of the useful workmanlike type. Lady Tempest was the first champion produced by Mr. Merritt from the above pair, though she resembled her litter mates closely. Mr. Merritt then imported the English Champion, 19 Clonmel Majesty by Clonmel Monarch, and this great bitch with Lady Tempest, Crown Duchess and The New King made a strong team. Clonmel Majesty, bred to The New King, produced Ch. Prince Hal, who was a very good dog. In Mr. Merritt's breeding operations, the best results were obtained from crossing a Clonmel Monarch bitch to The New King, a son of Rock Salt. In Philadelphia, the greatest results were produced from crossing Clonmel Monarch with Clonmel Marvel strain, and in New York with crossing Bolton Woods Briar on York Masterpiece bitches. Mr. Merritt's Rock Salt strain was quite a bit different than the Philadelphia and New York dogs. The New King stock, outside of Mr. Merritt's kennels, not accomplishing much. Crompton Marvel, as we have seen, was the result of crossing the Rock Salt and Master Briar blood, and was a great sire though his litter brother Lucky Baldwin imported by Mr. Laurin did not amount to much. Ch. Prince Hal was a good winner, but not a laster, becoming coarse as he aged. Lucky Baldwin sired Ch. Colne Tyke, who got Ch. Wynton Tyke out of Otley Madcap, and was owned by Mr. Charles Iceland of Boston. Madcap was by The New King. Wynton Tyke was a very sound coated dog as all of the Rock Salt strain were, a brother to Colne Tyke owned by the writer possessed this same coat, color and workmanlike type. Personally, this type was to the writer a very sound one and he possessed several good daughters of The New King at that time aiming to breed them to his Lucky Baldwin dog. This same breeding prac- tically produced Mr. Burgess' well known winning bitch Ch. Princess Royston Tess, probably the best earlier Boston winner. Her sire was •Royston King, by The New King, out of a Lucky Baldwin bitch. This bitch ended The New r King-Rock Salt strain. Other early Boston Fanciers were Mr. Philip French with the imported bitch, Buck's Sunflower, Mr. James W. Spring and Mr. Richard Jordan of the Larchmere strain, which will be taken up later. NEWBOLD JACK, One of the Earlier Dogs; No Pedigree, But Winner of Many Prizes; Owned by Mr. A. Money Wigram 20 CHAPTER III. Breeding Airedales — Common Terms Explained — General Principles in Practical Breeding — Examples in Prominent Strains — Larchmere Aire- dales — Mr. McGough's Airedales — The Geelongs. 'You Can't Breed Rats from Mice." — Old Yorkshire Saw Breeding Airedales does not differ in principle from breeding other live- stock. The same general laws and practices obtain. But a certain knowledge of the commoner terms in breeding is necessary to a thorough understanding of the application of these general principles in practical breeding. The old adage, "Like produces like," is a common expression among all breeders. Within limits it is true. It means that there is usually a strong resemblance CH. CLONMEL MONARCH, A.K.C.S.B. 61,021. Imported by Mr. Clement B. Newbold, of Philadelphia. Best Airedale in Show at New York, 1899. Then Owned by Mr. John Lorillard Arden (Courtesy of Mr. Chas. H. Mason) between offspring and parents. But it must be remembered that the grand- parents, great grandparents and the remoter ancestry all exert some influ- ence and tend to produce variation. When stock has been line bred for some time, and both parents are alike in general character, and have the same general foundation blood behind them, the get will far more likely resemble the general run of the family or strain they represent, and in all probability will closely resemble their* immediate ^progenitors. Variation means the differences which exist between offspring and the parents, or between offspring in the same litter. In the earlier days of the 21 Airedale, variation was a very great factor in breeding. The earliest litters born in America were a nondescript lot and varied greatly from their parents and from each other. These varied from much worse than the parent stock to much better, and by the continued selection of these better individuals, the gradual improvement of the breed has been brought, about. It is this selection of those individuals that thus show marked improvement in the desired direction that constitutes most of the endeavor in breeding, and by the use of such superior individuals, that breeders have made such progress, or can expect to make progress, in their breeding operations. The success of countless hundreds has proven that in the long run this method of selecti/on of those individuals whose variation is in the right direction, has been a successful method of obtaining marked improvement in a strain. Today, in good strains of Airedales, the marked variation between their parents and offspring, is not so apparent, thus showing the steady improvement that has been brought about in the breed. Individual dogs 'occasionally occur in litters that are known popularly as sports, scientifically as mutations. These differ more markedly than individuals showing simply plain variations. For some unknown or unex- plained reason, it has been discovered that there is a marked tendency for "sports" to breed true, so that the occasional appearance in a litter of Aire- dales of a markedly different dog than the rest, provided he happens to be of a desirable type, more rapid and much greater improvement can be made than by the slower process of selection of individuals oif less marked variation. The appearance of sports may and frequently is accounted for when a full knowledge of a strain exists, by atavism or reversion, which means simply the appearance in the individual of characteristics not present in the known individual ancestors. Sometimes this reversion goes back to unborn ancestors. If a strain continually shows a marked tendency to produce reversions, par- ticularly to an undesirable type, it is poor judgment to go on using such animals for breeding purposes. Thus, some bitches, no matter how hard- coated they are, will continuously throw soft-coated puppies in their litters, or puppies with white feet and similar reversions. The most important law and the most troublesome in breeding, is the law of averages, or as it is sometimes called, the tendency to revisions. This means that in Airedales, as in any other breed, there is a mean or average type, and the tendency is very strong for the offspring to revert to this type. Thus, if the parents are above the average, the tendency is for the offspring to be poorer than their parents, and vice versa. Again in breeding Airedales, the good breeder always selects his parents as far as possible, to be above the average, this tendency towards a lower average in the offspring, most particularly concerns the breeder. This law makes it necessary for a breeder to continue to select with the greatest care, even after he has estab- lished a fine family or strain. The careful breeder never forgets that he must continuously fight this tendency through most careful and continued selections. He cannot rest on his laurels and maintain the same degree of equality he has secured. He is bound to Jose ground. It is this law that has caused the disappearance from the prize lists of some kennels that had made big reputations, probably due to some great sire or more probably brood matron, that has kept them in the front ranks, and whose loss has meant the rapid regression of their stock. It is in general, better to try to breed a high general average in Airedales, than to hope some lucky trick will produce a "flyer," it having been pretty generally proven by time, that most of the flyers are from strains whose general average of winning dogs is very good. In an article on Prepotency in Airedales, published a few years ago in "Science" by William Haynes, and using as data the list of Airedale cham- pions in both England and America up to January 1913, it is interesting to note of the eighty dog champions, 53 never sired a champion of either sex. Only 27 of the champions produced champions, of these 27 but 13 pro- duced more than one champion. However, these 13 sires produced 49 of the 149 Airedale champions, almost a third of the champions of both sexes. Of the 80 dog champions, but 10 are the grandsires of 4 or more champions. Even more striking evidence of the prepotency of certain dogs as pro- ducers of champions, is that those dogs who sired two or more champions almost invariably appear among those whose sons and daughters have pro- duced more than four champions. The exceptional sires are also the excep- tional grandsires. The sixteen leading champions sired fifty champions, or, CH. BOLTON WOODS BRIAR. This Dog Was Probably the Greatest Airedale Sire in the History of the Breed in America. (From a painting made by Miss McGovern, from a photograph) in other words, a third of all the Airedale champions have been sired by less than a third of the dog champions. Moreover, a glance at the pedigrees of the sixteen phenomenal producers shows them all to have been more or less closely related. All trace back to Cholmondeley Briar. The three greatest producers of the lot are Master Briar, Clonmel Mon- arch and Crompton Oorang. Master Briar was a grandson of Cholmondeley Briar, Clonmel Monarch Master Briar's son, and Crompton Oorang, by a son of Master Briar out of a daughter of Clonmel Monarch. It is, therefore, imperative for the Airedale breeder to become thoroughly familiar with those lines of Airedale breeding that have consistently pro- duced winners, not necessarily champions either, as there are many very good Airedales, much more deserving of the coveted honor, than some of the title holders. We have seen how Master Briar's family produced most of the early English winners, how Monarch and Bolton Woods Briar did the same in America. 22, What can be accomplished in the way of breeding is well illustrated in the case of the Larchmere Kennels owned by Mr. Robert Jordan of Boston. For a period of years, these kennels showed d|ogs of their own breeding, and usually managed to bring out one or two puppies every year of very high quality and consistent in general type and character, generally sired by a Larchmere dog out of a Larchmere bitch. Founded on the great bitch Bitter- sweet, this kennel established a real strain. This is a straight sporting proposition, to show only dogs of one's own breeding, and the results this kennel accomplished are a shining example of what can be done by con- sistent breeding to type on correct principles. It was a great blow to the Fancy when this kennel was broken up, though their blood lines have not been lost entirely, and some very fine American breds have since been produced from this strain, Mr. Mullins of Lowell, Mass., having bred several good ones from Larchmere Delight a direct deseendent through the long line of lovely Larchmere bitches, to the great Bittersweet, notably Charter Oak Advance Guard and Adventuress. We have already seen in the remarkable results obtained from Bolton Woods Briar, that Mr. Murray and Mr. McGough were both good breeders. What Mr. Murray might have accomplished we do not know, his death.' and the early death of his great Airedale Ch. Briar's Masterpiece were a loss to the fancy. Mrs. Bell owned ithe bitch Nellie J. by York Aiasterpiece. Bred to Bolton Woods Briar she produced Ch. Harry Jones and Ch. Lillian Jones. Harry Jones, owned by Mr. McGough, was not only a very good show dog but a splendid sire. He had a very clean head, was a laster, and sired many leading winners around 1910. He was the sire of the great bitch Lady Mary and grandsire of Bingley Blossom. Sire of Old Black Joe and Tanglewold Vixen, two sensational puppy winners that were carried off by distemper, Princess Betty, etc., and his blood is in many of the leading- American breds of the period after 1910. Mr. McGough's strain was a combination of Bolton Woods Briar and brood bitches descended from the earlier New York importations, from the Hastings and Arden kennels. Mr. McGough's dogs bred very true to type, and today while Mr. McGough himself is not active in the show and breeding game, there are a -great many good winners and champions which his strain has supplied. This strain was primarily the New York strain, and Mr. McGough the greatest New York breeder. One other example of what consistent line breeding to type with good foundation stock can do, is that of the Geelong Kennels of Lakewood, N. J., owned by Air. Robert F. Height, who also ranks as one of our best breeders, though of a somewhat later period. At the break-up of the Tanglewold Kennels at Princeton, N. J., Mr. Height secured Tanglewold Terror and several good brood matrons, Tanglewold Tauntress and Tanglewold Titania and others. He immediately began to produce such good bitches as Geelong Sceptre, Floss, etc., and has since bred that splendid American bred, Ch. Geelong Cadet, and Gladiator, Swordsman. Briarcroft Cadet, and a lot more good ones. Like Mr. McGough, his dogs bred true to a certain type, which is the hallmark of a breeder. Brookhaven Laddie is by Cadet and continues the Bolton Woods Briar and the Tanglewold-Geelong strain. The results produced by these breeders, speak for themselves as to the merits of this system of breeding, i. e., the establishment of a strain by using one's own dogs. 24 CHAPTER IV. Breeding Kennels — Brood Bitches — Colony System — Puppy Raising — Cutting Tails — Ideal Brood Matron One of the Family Household — "Farming Out" the Bitches — Picking the best of the Litter. As a general rule, the breeding kennels should be a separate department in any well-regulated kennel business, whether run for pleasure or profit. The best way to raise good dogs, is to make the prospective dam one of the family and to have the puppies born behind the kitchen stove. The author has personally experienced the very great difficulties that lie in the way of this method, but nevertheless places it first. Having raised puppies for many years, in spite of all sorts of obstacles, in the shape of objecting family, obdurate college authorities, implacable kitchen bosses, and in every ENGLISH CH. HUCKLEBERRY LASS, by Crompton Marvel ex Miss Salt kind and conceivable place, from bathtubs to coal bins, and lion houses to college dormitories, the author feels qualified to speak with authority on this subject. No kennel ever built, can equal in the raising of puppies, the placing of a good brood matron where she will become one of the family and where the puppies can have the kindly care of some interested woman. The best puppies I have ever raised, or should say, had raised, were raised for me by one Miss Kate McKenna, a Scotchwoman, who can give cards and spades to any kennel man that ever lived, in the fine art of puppy raising. On a trip to England in 1911, on the occasion of purchasing the great brood-matron, Brosna Bacchante from Mr. Holland Buckley, I had the great 25 pleasure of driving about with Mr. Buckley, to see several litters of puppies sired by the English Champion Clonmel Cadet, as Mr. Buckley was most insistent that Bacchante be bred to Cadet before he sent her over. As I liked Cadet and his puppies, and Bacchante suited me, the deal was made to my ultimate satisfaction, this great bitch through her daughters and her son, Tanglewold Terror, by Cadet, founding a distinct strain in America, since her purchase in 1911. When I saw the way Mr. Buckley had of raising puppies, as well as other English breeders that I visited, I no longer wondered that the English put it all over us raising dogs, and for the matter of that, most other livestock. The ordinary man and woman in England appreciates the value of a good bitch to the family. They all like dogs, and the making of some pocket money by it, is merely incidental. In Mr. Kipling's amusing story, "Little Foxes," we see the English method of raising puppies, and when the annual puppy show came off, it was lucky they didn't have to call out the 'militia, as Judge Kelly puts it, "to keep the peace." My advice to the would-be Airedale breeder, is to get one really corking good bitch and make her part of the family. If you ,are so fortunately situated as to be able to do this, you can raise better dogs than can be raised in most any kennel. As an example of what one good bitch kept in this manner can do, I can cite Mr. Earle J. Woodward's "Miss Militant," a beautiful bitch herself from her pictures, and the founder of a strain which has produced such splendid dogs as Ch. Earlwood Warlock, Earlwood Hickory Limb and Earlwood Pegaway, and we venture to suggest that Mr. Wood- ward has done as well with his dogs as many a large kennel ever did. Many of the great dogs bred around .New York for years were raised in backyards in Brooklyn, stables, etc., as the writer knows having in his younger and, if possible, more enthusiastic days, visited many such and getting lost many a night in trying to find his way home from that mysterious city of subways and trolley cars, Brooklyn, so do not be discouraged if your means will not permit the building of an elaborate kennel, the advantage is all on the other side. One to two or three bitches are quite enough to begin with, as in breeding for the show ring, it is not quantity that is wanted but quality. It is the dog that is just a bit better than all the rest that fetches the big money. Though few people seem to realize it, a good brood bitch can earn quite as much money as a good stud dog. Several bitches' offsprings have realized hundreds of dollars, besides keeping their fortunate owners in the front ranks as breeders for many years. In fact, the importance of starting with a good bitch cannot be overestimated. Such bitches as . York Vixen, Brosna Bacchante, Dumbarton Vixen, Larchmere Bittersweet, The Black Queen, and earlier ones as Bath Lady, Claverhouse Enchantress, and Woodland Judy, having as much influence in the breed as many sires, and proving gold mines for their fortunate owners. How often one hears "Yes, I know she is not good in points, but she has good blood in her and I 'bought her cheap. If bred to a good dog, she would have some good puppies." The question is, "Will she have good puppies ?" The answer is, "No, nine times out of ten." In about twenty-four out of twenty-five cases, people will not put a reasonable price into a good female, one that is a really good specimen for breeding. They will write, "I don't want a show dog, just a cheap one for breeding, $25 is my limit." There is no greater mistake possible. It costs no more to raise and breed good salable puppies than it does the poorer kind. Blood is certainly worth 26 a great deal in breeding, and there have been and will be cases, where a poor individual specimen has produced some wonderful offspring. But the chances are against it. It does not pay to try it out. A really good specimen will sell itself on its own merit, and bring a good price. The poorest ones of the litter are the hard ones to sell always. With everything favorable, it is hard enough to breed and raise top notchers. Do not think that by paying a large stud service to some well-known champion you can expect the puppies to be winners out of any old bitch, ex- pecting the dog to make up for the bitch's deficiencies. It doesn't happen that way — quite the reverse. A real brood matron will get good puppies from any decent dog, but the best sire out can't produce good ones from poor bitches. If you are starting in to breed Airedales, by all means do not hesitate to put your money into a really good bitch. It will save years of effort. One learns many things in breeding dogs, as well as in other kinds of sport or business, and when you go to buy that female, if you expect to breed WH 1 A^lmmM m BROSNA BACCHANTE. Bred by E. Grice, England. Imported by Mr. W. E. Baker, Jr., in 1911. Dam of Tanglewold Terror, and when owned by Mr. Harold Ober of Ch. Bingley Blossom. This bitch has as marked an influence on the breed as Clonmel Monarch and Bolton Woods Briar in founding a distinct strain. her, get a good all around specimen. Don't expect a female with just good blood back of her to be a producer and money maker. Get a good all round specimen, with pronounced terrier characteristics, can stand being on the small side if not too small, then breed her to a good dog, not necessarily a champion, but a proven producer of good stock by all means, if possible a good one himself, and when it can be managed, of the same or similar ancestry as the bitch preferably. With this procedure, one is almost sure of producing results. In the opinion of many leading Airedale breeders, the bitch is considered by far more than half the battle. To be as profitable as possible, dogs must be well cared for at all times. Feed them well if you wish to get the best results out of them, and look to their existence, rest, comfort, as well as their food. If they do not 27 pay to feed, they will certainly not do so to starve. No matter what it costs, you cannot afford to stint breeding stock. All profit comes from the food over and above that necessary to sustain life. The ability of .a bitch to nourish her puppies properly is of the first importance, and it is impossible for a half-starved animal to do that. The object of feeding is not to fatten, but to strengthen her and to furnish ample material for the rapid manu- facture of bone and muscular flesh in the puppies. Give her plenty of meat; it makes the puppies strong. There is no doubt that many valuable bitches have been practically ruined for breeding purposes by overfeeding farinaceous foods, which alone do not furnish enough bone and muscle forming material for the needs of the canine animal economy. Excessive fat produced in this way has much to do with the bearing of small litters and undersized puppies. However, overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding in that it wastes food and injures the dog. Extra care should be taken to avoid fermented and decayed foods as parturition approaches, they may deteriorately affect the unborn whelp and even cause abortion. Bitches at this time seem to have a craving for food of this sort and must be watched. On the whole, appetite is the best index of health. If a properly ex- ercised bitch does not generally eat as though its food tasted good, something is wrong with either the dog or its food. When puppies are fed and cared for just enough to keep them at a standstill, the food they get is actually thrown away. Imperfect nutrition not only arrests present growth, but seems to lessen the capacity for future development as well, so that its effects persist to some degree through life. In the last few years, the discovery of vitamines has been made. Medical experiments have proven Cod liver oil to be one of the chief sources of vitamines in raising puppies, and its use should by no means be neglected in raising puppies, particularly any slow developers. The rate of growth decreases from birth to maturity, and all experi- enced breeders, not only of dogs but other livestock, know that young stock once seriously checked in development can never attain to the full develop- ment that they might have, had they been kept steadily, for impaired bodily vigor involves impaired digestion and assimilation. An illnourished puppy is bound to develop into a stunted dog, and no amount of food later in life will repair the injury done by stunting during development. Probably the best method of caring for the brood matron and raising puppies is /by what is known to poultry men as the "Colony System." In a large kennel it might be advantageous to have a separate building for bitches in season and to whelp in, and possibly a good idea to have a separate building for raising puppies, or these buildings might be incorporated as part of an extensive layout in wings or extensions to a main kennel. But where puppies are whelped in the Spring and early Summer months, the colony house system is the best for either the small or large kennel. Of course there are all sorts of colony houses, but the best are those permitting a man to enter and having two compartments, one enclosed and the other open shed on two sides at least. But most any old box or house will do provided it is clean and has enough ventilation. It should have a long partition across with a separate box for the dam so she can get away from the puppies when she desires. Pages could be written on how to build kennels and manage them, and it is not within the scope of this manuscript to go into too much detail of this kind. Some very good colony poultry houses manufactured by the 28 E. C. Young Company, Randolph, Mass., are almost equally good as dog colony houses. They are reasonably priced, and this concern is the only one in America making anything suitable for dogs. In England the fanciers are more fortunate, and many very good dog colony houses both for puppies and grown dogs can be purchased at reasonable prices. These are on good models and any of the Christmas numbers of "The Dog World" and "Our Dogs" carry these advertisements which show fairly well the design of such dog houses. In England this system of kenneling is used very largely, and has much to recommend it. Each house should be located quite well away from any other, and have a temporary fence put up around it. It should be kept in a new location each Spring and should have plenty of shade as well as sunshine. Growing puppies need three things, food, room and sunshine. When first weaned they should be fed milk, gruel, and soups five times daily. The number of meals can be gradually lessened, and the amount of solid food increased until around ten months thev are fed the same as their older CH. BINGLEY BLOSSOM, A.K.C.S.B. 165,195. Generally Conceded to Be the Greatest American-bred Bitch Yet Produced kennel companions. The more room puppies have, the better they thrive. Probably this is the reason that puppies "out at walk" as they call it in England, "or farm out" as we should say here, nearly always do so much better than kennel raised puppies. They may, and probably do get all sorts of food, and they certainly do not get the attention given the ones in the kennels, but a farm raised youngster seems always healthier, bigger and stronger. This idea of the Colony System, is to imitate as far as possible in a kennel, the conditions obtaining where puppies are farm raised. Sunlight acts on puppies as it does on growing poultry or plants. It is a necessity to their growth. Winter puppies are always more trouble to raise then those born in the Spring, and as far as possible kennel managers or owners, should 29 arrange to have their litters whelped only in the Spring of the year. One litter a year is enough to ask of any bitch where one is breeding for quality rather than quantity. The dam will wean the puppies herself, as long as she has free ingress and egress to them, when they begin to get their teeth. It is best to leave the weaning to the dam. When the puppies' eyes are open, they should be taught to drink for themselves by sticking their noses in a pan of slightly warmed sweetened milk. About the time they are fully weaned, they should be treated for worms. After this first worming, about once in eight weeks until eighteen months old, but only puppy vermifuge, should be used. Lots of puppies are injured permanently by too early and too frequent dosing with strong worm medicines. It is necessary to cut the tails of Airedales. This should be done when not over three' or four days old. A good pair of scissors or a sharp knife is all the instrument needed. The safe rule is to leave a trifle more than half the tail on the puppy. This seems long, but will be right when the dog matures. Nothing spoils the looks of an Airedale more than a short dock, xf the puppy is held up and the tail cut on a level with the top of its head, it will generally suit the individual dog better, but the puppy must be in the right position. This is the method used by the writer with almost always good results, a long necked dog having a longer cut than a short one, and in proportion to the general symmetry and outline of the dog. An Airedale bitch should not raise over six puppies where quality and good growth in the puppies is desired. Consequently what ones to destroy is a delicate question. It is usually safe to discard the last one born, which i? usually a runt, and unless the litter is very valuable on account of its breeding, any but one or two bitch puppies. It takes a very experienced eye to tell much about the points of a new born puppy. When they get a little older, around six to eight weeks old they can be selected to some extent. Light eyes seldom get better. Big ears seldom improve. In selecting Airedale puppies a safe rule is to pick the square muzzled, big jawed and flat skulled ones, with the straightest legs, dark eyes, small ears, and short bodies, discarding any puppies with faults or with white feet. Sometimes Airedale puppies carry light colored noses until quite well along, but these almost invariably turn black, and the writer personally would pay no attention to this if a puppy suited him in other respects. The writer has had first choice of three litters that contained each a famous champion which he did not get, but the dogs selected turned out well, and in many instances the rearing and a certain amount of luck accounts for a championship. One of the Philadelphia breeders, Mr. Laurence Tobin writes as follows on this question of picking the best of the litter. Often the novice asks how he is going to be certain that he is getting the best pup in an Airedale litter when he makes a pick at six or seven weeks of age. The answer is that there isn't any certainty. It's a chance and the odds vary according to the size of the litter. I remember several years ago I bred one of my dogs for the pick of the litter. When the pups were six weeks old the owner of the bitch told me to make my choice. I spent several hours of a Sunday morning at his place, together with another Airedale man who had been in the game many years before me. I was very anxious to get the right pup, as breeding condi- tions were such that I was* sure there would be a real flyer in the lot. The friend suggested we postpone the picking for two weeks. "There's one time you can pick a young Airedale puppy," he said, "and 30 that's at eight weeks. You'll see the same conformation that you'll have at maturity." I knew the tradition, too, so we waited another fortnight. Then the pair of us finally decided upon the pup. We agreed as to the choice and there was no question of his superiority on the day. I felt sure I was carrying away a future champion. Eight months, later I sold the "future champion" for fifteen dollars and my conscience troubled me for having taken advantage of the buyer. Then I turned around and paid more than a hundred dollars for the supposed mut of the litter. He made a well known winner. Sometimes, however, the early dope comes true. I picked a puppy at six weeks and got an Airedale lover with a farm to raise him for me. At four CH. THE NEW KING, A.K.C.S.B. 65,826. By Ch. Rock Salt ex Lucy. Owned by Mr. Arthur Merritt (From a Painting by Mr. G. Muss-Amok) months the pup looked like a Black and Tan and my friend suggested a farmer in the neighborhood who was willing to pay ten dollars for a pup with simply watchdog possibilities. More through obstinacy, I suppose, than con- viction I kept the pup. I recall very distinctly the first time I exhibited him at a local fixture. I didn't get a ribbon — 1 got a laugh. Six months later, though, the puppy made a sensational record at several of the biggest shows in the country. There is a well known American-bred champion who made good on the advance dope. His owner picked him out of a very evenly matched litter. He showed him to some friends. "A very nice puppy," they said, "but he'll never do." 31 The owner didn't argue the point. He took the puppy to the home of a young girl and asked her to raise him. When this puppy was eight months he made his show ring debut. In less than a year he was a champion. Visit a dozen experienced Airedale breeders and you will not wonder that the novice is confused in trying to score one hundred per cent in picking a winner at six weeks. You see a puppy with somewhat heavy ears ; the breeder says he knows, and he ought to at that, the puppy will grow to them. Such and such a well known dog, he'll explain, had similar ears at the same age and "look at him now." Or maybe the coat's a bit soft. "It will be a good coat to work on," he'll explain. Or the pup hasn't even the suspicion of a whisker and looks more like a smooth. "It'll come," you are assured, "you're bound to get the hardest sort of a coat, too.'' PRINCESS PEGGY. By Ch. Prince of York ex Ch. The Marchioness. One of the Best Half Dozen Bitches Shown in America And another breeder, equally experienced, will venture opinions exactlv opposite. Which is right? you wonder. Both, probably. A strange answer, I'll admit, but easy to explain. There are so many distinct strains of Airedale breeding and combinations of these lines that perfection in maturity may come from entirely different beginnings. Have you noticed that nine times out of ten the man who breeds, not buys, a good one has been working with the dam's side for several generations. Or, if he is a novice, has followed the advice of a veteran who knew the strain. True, the chance bred one often come to puzzle the student-breeder. But the probabilities are that this fortunate pup isn't as much of a freak as he seems. He may be a freak as far as were the breeder's intentions but if we could get right down to the real laws of nature he'd probably be easily explained. These sidelights on Airedale breeding are interesting to a degree, you may say, but they fail to determine the picking of the best in a utter at six or eight weeks of age ! Well, here goes a little advice in that direction ! 32 If you can afford to do so, hold on to several ot the pups and make your final choice when they have reached seven to ten months of age When you pick in infancy, study the parents carefully. Look out for, the pup that shows to the slightest degree any glaring fault the sire or dam possesses. Be equally careful in this respect concerning the grandparents, if you know them. For instance if the dam is a soft coated one and the sire isn't much better in this respect, don't pick a soft coated, heavily whiskered youngster, no matter how satisfactory he may appear in other respects. This holds true for very light eyes, heavy ears, long bodies and bad fronts. Defects that are not quite so seriousi may be overlooked a bit. Don't pick your pup on head alone. So many make this mistake. Remember, it is only the novice judge that doesn't go beyond the ears. Furthermore the longest headed puppy at six weeks doesn't always have the best head at a year. There is one type of puppy that invariably fools the inexperienced. This is one which usually has the longest head at six weeks while his coat has a peculiar kinkiness which often gives an impression of future hardness. Look out! As this youngster grows his show prospects vanish. The coat develops into the worst possible with a curl that is familiar to Airedale breeders and with an utter lack of under jacket. His expression also tends further and further from the terrier. Look out for the perfect head at six weeks. It will deceive you and bring you to grief later. The more "lumpy" type has possibilities for maturity. Likewise remember that the perfect pup at an early age will hardly improve with maturity while the one with minor imperfections has something to which he can grow. Just the other day I went with three other Airedale men to look over a litter of seven weeks. I wanted to get a line on their methods and suggested each of us make a choice without telling the other and compare notes when finished. We all knew the breeding strains very well. Three of us picked the same pup. Here is what we picked on: a promising head of more than ordinary length, but not the longest in the litter ; keen terrier expression, dark, well placed eye, medium ear, very short back and a well set tail. The coat was straight and hard and the pup stood true in front with very promising hindquarters. He seemed to stand out in the litter as a real terrier, full of quality and promise of future development. CH. TANGLEWOLD UNA, A.K.C.S.B. 115,895. Baker, Jr.; Whelped December 22, 1907. Monarch ex Pretty Florrie Bred by Mr. W. By Clonmel 33 CHAPTER V. Location of the Kennel Buildings — "Colony House System" Ideal for Airedales — Dogs "At Walk" — Proper Discipline Necessary — Bitches and Litters Kept Separately — Care of the Show Dogs. "JLet, first the kennel be the Huntsman's care.'' "Let, first the kennel be the Huntsman's care," wrote Somerville in 1735 in The Chase, and the advice stands good today. In fact, all that any kennel owner really needs is contained in Somerville's poem, which ought to be in the library of every kennel. The owners and breeders of show dogs have much to learn from the hunt kennels. Three things are essential to the well being of any dogs — cleanliness, fresh air and exercise. Peter Beckford, whose "Thoughts on Hunting," is the greatest work on kennel management that has ever been written, has the following to say on the first of these requirements: "The keeping of your kennels sweet and clean cannot be too much recommended to your feeder; nor should you on any account admit the least deviation from it." Therefore, whether a kennel is run for pleasure or profit, the investment which yields the best return is cleanliness, and the nearer the dog fancier can bring to his establishment asceptic conditions, the greater will be his success. If kennels are not healthful, be sure you will never succeed in producing good dogs, or in keeping old ones in a state of health. This, then, is the prime requisite in establishing a place for the care and breeding of dogs. Either unlimited money may be used to accomplish this result, or a little common sense. The best situation is on a little rise of ground, with a southern slope, and if possible protected by trees from the north and east winds. Take as much care in choosing a site for your kennels and in the construction of them as you would with a dwelling-house, and. you will never regret it. The points to be considered in planning kennel buildings are drain- age, protection, food and water, and room for exercise. Damp hollows should be avoided as a pestilence. Unquestionably the south side of a gently sloping hill offers the best site. If the exercise (so-called) yards are not covered with cement, brick or flags, the less shade therein the better, for the sun is one of the best disinfectants there is. In planning the buildings themselves, the main features to have in mind are perfect dryness of the floors, freedom from draughts, plenty of air and sunshine in the building, protection from excessive heat or cold, and convenience for the owner or kennelman to care for the. animals. Con- venience counts for as much as simplicity, and is often equivalent to economy of time and labor. To save steps is to save wages, and there is less risk of necessary little details being neglected when they can be conveniently done. Benjamin Franklin said: "If you want a thing well done, do it yourself." It is a very sound saying and applies to kennel management as well as to other things. The owner should see to it, whether or not he does any work himself, that his orders are properly carried out. The system of kennelling 34 dogs separately at night is sometimes preferable to that of keeping two or more together, as it simplifies the problem of ventilation, prevents barking and quarreling, and the writer has no use for a lot of noisy dogs in a kennel. There is always something wrong in the planning of the building cr in. the management when dogs raise the roof at night, and minimizes the danger of disease. Only those who agree should be stalled together. The question of exercise must also be considered in planning the arrangement of the building. Yards are necessary for the dogs to walk out in and as a means of helping to keep the building clean and sanitary, but as a means of exercise the writer considers them a dismal failure and personally would consider keeping dogs in roomy boxes a better method, provided the dogs receive the proper exercise. Right here the methods used in the hound kennels are the best. The proper rule is to walk out the first thing in the morning; again after feeding, and sometime in the afternoon, this latter being a considerable outing. More .... _— — — — — ---"''^fo^l^flPfff^ ^?A^j^^t^i-.ii : "'- «£' ENGLISH "COLONY HOUSE" real exercise is obtained this way in twenty minutes than will be obtained all day in a run where dogs either rage up and down the fence or dig a hole and lie around. If Airedales are properly disciplined, a great many can be taken out together on a walk, and will get on all right, but it is risky to turn a lot loose in a large run unless the trouble makers are always omitted. In one well-known Airedale kennel, that for a considerable time enjoyed a large success the dogs were housed in a long continuous run of loose boxes, the same as horse stalls, with dirt floors, and a sleeping bench 18 inches from the floor, made like those in hound kennels with one-fourth inch space between the slats. An inside passage connected the stalls, and the front of the building was practically open. One large run of several acres was used. All the dogs of bad dispositions had separate houses and were kept on wires with a trolley. The show dogs were kept in a separate building, and each bitch and litter had a colony house and yard of its own. An old barn was fixed up with an exercising room, and places upstairs for bitches in season, storage of crates, etc. With a small building for a hospital this kennel was quite complete, and decidedly inexpensive. The whitewash brush was used extensively and everything was clean and neat. The dogs were fed on the hound plan, being chained up in a row outdoors in summer and the food placed before them when the last dog was chained and no dogs were let loose until all the pans had been removed. 35 The writer has visited a great many kennels, both in England and America, including hound kennels, and as far as dogs are concerned, believes the English are far ahead of the Americans as far as their dogs and kennel management are concerned. They do not, however, have as severe winter weather as we do; nor as a rule have such hot months as July and August. Some years ago, Mrs. M. E. Gates, Jr., one of our oldest fanciers while in England wrote an interesting account of the housing and kennel management of show Airedales in England, and sent it on to Field and Fancy, which was so good that I take the liberty of quoting it almost entire : "First of all," it must be remembered that it is extremely rare for the brood bitch to whelp in the home kennels. If she is a show bitch; she is, when in show form, under the care of the kennel manager; if she is kept exclusively for breeding, she probably makes her home with a family in the village all the jear round. At all events the bitoh in whelp is not kept long with other dogs, but is given the comforts of the cottage kitchen and a warm nest beside the stove. Until from six to eight months of age, all puppies are kept at walk, either singly or in pairs, thus having every oppor- tunity for healthy development. "The average board for puppies is six shillings, and I presume one would pay eight or iten shillings for a grown bitch. It seems a very low price to us, but there are dozens of poor people in every English village who will gladly give the best of affectionate care to a dog for that sum. Walks, where this care and good food are not given are soon detected and one avoids them in future. So then in planning to house a number of Airedales, the needs of grown stock only are ,to be considered, and how much that eliminates from the program only those of us know who have worked frantically to keep a new born litter warm on a winter's day; or a lot of youngsters from growing weedy and ill-tempered in cramped kennel quarters. "Most dog men in England believe in what in poultry raising is called 'the colony system.' Instead of one large building containing separate stalls or compartments opening into a passage or hallway, a number (as many as necessary), of small portable houses are grouped about the grounds set apart for the dogs. The little buildings hold two Airedales each, and however you look at :it, are far more satisfactory than a house where a score or more are under one roof. The dogs are not excited by the presence of a lot of their fellows, where one growl will set the whole kennel in an uproar. They are able to rest more quietly and most important of all the sanitation is much better. If one dog developes skin trouble it will not be communicated to all the others before the kennel man is aware of its exist- ence, but can be completely isolated. These little houses have wooden shutters which are raised to admit light and air through strong iron bars behind and the whole structure is raised six inches from the ground so that there is no dampness. "They do not care much for enclosed outdoor runs in England and their reasons are good ones. The dogs are taken out to walk on leads on the hard roads where they learn ring manners instinctively and where they get what is best for their feet. Once or twice a week they are taken, a number at a time, to the open fields if they are near, or to the village common and given a good free run, any kind of spontaneous enjoyment bein^ encouraged that lies within the bounds of safety. After exercise, the dogs are returned to the kennels and shut up. Now the best reason for managing them this way is this : The dog, while Ln his kennel house is curled up, 36 asleep, while he is out/ on the go, active, up on his toes. He is not at any time straining on his hind legs, barking through the wire fence, or sitting huddled before the gate, waiting for some one to come and amuse him, nor is he so bored with his existence in the kennel run that he becomes snappish with his kennel mates. Add to all this the fact that next to no room is needed to keep any number of dogs and that while they are shut up they require no watching and there is no doubt but that this system is better than ours. I do not see why these same colony houses could not be made sufficiently weather-proof to afford ample shelter against our cold winters and I am sure if some firm would make them at a reasonable price they would find a ready market." YOUNG KING NOBBLER, a Representative American-bred 37 CHAPTER VI. Kennels and Kennel Management — Training — General System for Feeding Grown Dogs — Reasonable Warmth and Comfort a Necessity — Do Not Expect Best Results on One Kind of Food. "A savoury stew, bones, broth, and biscuits, is prepared for you." — R. C. L.. Food is an important item in the care of the dog. Of course, table scraps make the ideal food. In this the home pet has the advantage of his friends of the kennel, for he gets a wide variety of well-cooked and most nourishing food, and these three, variety, cooking and nourishment tell the whole story of good kennel feeding. Sometimes it is possible to pur- chase the scraps from some hotel or boarding house as an occasional change or regularly. Dog biscuits, which are easy to handle and fairly reasonable in price, are excellent as a foundation feed. All dogs should have a certain amount and be used to them as they are a convenient form of feed to carry to shows, traveling, etc. Dry bread can be bought by the barrel or 100-lb. sacks from most bakers and is inexpensive and very nourishing. Shredded wheat waste and broken crackers can also be purchased at reason- able prices and make useful changes. All of these should be fed soaked in some soup. One of the necessities in any well-regulated kennel is a good cook stove. In the winter cornmeal should form one of the staple foods, and is very acceptable, but the minute hot weather comes along, its use should be dis- continued, as skin troubles will surely result otherwise. Cornmeal can be fed particularly to young stock as a mush with milk, or baked as Johnny Cake in big pans and fed cut into cakes. Perhaps the best kennel food is a home-made dog biscuit. The writer some ten years ago, had the pleasure of visiting the Devon and Somerset Stag Hound Kennels, one of the finest kennels in England, and perhaps one of the oldest pack of hounds in existence, dating back to the time of Queen Elizabeth. Their methods of feeding, and in fact the methods generally in use in hound kennels are as a rule much superior to those of the show dog kennel, and much can be learned from them. The hounds of the Devon and Somerset Hunt were fed largely on home-made biscuit made somewhat in the following way. Meat stock was boiled over night it large kettles and the unstrained stock used with cornmeal, oatmeal or rolled oats and bran in making a dough. This was then put in pans two to three inches deep and baked till hard all the way through in a slow oven, the baking probably taking a day. These cakes are rich food and should not be used too often. They should keep quite a number of days and are much relished. All dogs like fish, and in summer cheaper fish like carp, make a good change. They should be boiled twenty-four hours or until the bones are all soft and make a nice change from the winter meat soups. Variety 38 stimulates the appetite and produces healthier animals. Do not feed too much of any one thing. A dog may thrive well for a long time on one kind of food, but it would do better on a variety. Provide variety by giving a varied, wholesome diet all the time, not by feeding on one sort of food for a few weeks and then changing to another. There are many who might be called canine vegetarians. And good vegetables can be made fine use of in making soups, but in general long- practice has proven meat to be the best and most natural food for the dog. Of course, sirloin costs a lot of money, but hearts, lungs, heads, odds and ends of butcher trimmings, ribs and shank bones are not so expensive and arrangements should always be made with your local butcher to save you ENGLISH CH. FELDEN FLOWER GIRL, by C. Master Royal ex Felden Frivolity these daily and you should call for them regularly. A metal can with a cover is the best way to handle these meat scraps. Mr. R. M. Palmer in his book "All About Airedales" has some interesting ideas on feeding, and the kennel owner or manager would do well to pur- chase Mr. Palmer's book and read this part well. Of course, under no circumstances feed meat that is at all decayed or unwholesome, but it does not need to be as fresh as you would demand for your own table if you take care that it is thoroughly cooked. For "bad doers" or dogs recovering from illness, a fair grade of canned salmon mushed up through the feed will quickly set up a dog in poor condition. Airedales, as well as most other dogs having a great liking for salmon. It should, of course, be all removed from the can or it will cause ptomaine poisoning. Sudden and violent changes in the quantity or character of foods supplied should be avoided, and when changes are necessary as between summer and winter feeding, they must, so far as possible, be made so gradually as not 39 to cause any disarrangement of digestion. The novice, perhaps, expects to be furnished with exact quantity and variety of food required by his dogs ; but the only reliable way is to feed by appetite. Begin with what seems to be a reasonable quantity of suitable foods, and then add to or reduce according to the general health and condition of special requirements of individ- ual animals. As to whether in show preparation, in whelp or what, there is ample testimony to enable a beginner to judge what foods are suitable, but the actual quantity is a matter between the dog and its feeder. No rigid rules are applicable, and no specific directions as to quantity of food can be given. Some dogs seem to require twice as much as others of about the same size. In the kennel, the question of water must not be overlooked. It is certain that dogs having constant access to water gain in weight more rapidly than those watered only once or twice a day, and that the gain is economically made, while they are much less likely to crave an injurious excess of water directly after eating. The fact that the dog has so relatively small a stomach, would seem to indicate that it needs water frequently. The actual quantity required seems to depend quite as much on the individuality of the dog as it does upon the nature of the food and the amount of the exercise. Most kennels feed twice a day, a light lunch in the morning, and the regular day's meal in the evening. The morning bite can be bread or biscuit with a little soup over them. The evening meal ought to be all that the dog will comfortably eat without stuffing. If any food is left in the dishes, the dog is either getting too much or is "off his feed" and should have attention. Never leave any food in the dishes ; clean it all away. Dogs var> as much as people in the amount they will eat. Always dogs should be fed from single dishes as otherwise they will gobble. Of course hounds eat from troughs, but they are better behaved, and it is hard to manage this method with Airedales. The best way is to feed each dog in his own box, or to chain the whole lot up so they cannot reach any but their own dish. It is foolish to pamper dogs, but equally so to try to treat them all alike. When dogs have been properly fed in summer, it will not be necessary to very greatly change their food in winter. In kennels where the tempera- ture is below 75°, warm stews should be served more frequently than usual. Green vegetables are also more important than in summer. Where only two or three dogs are kept, chop up those vegetables that are kept over from the family's use and serve in small quantities thoroughly mixed with other foods, so the greens are not left out. Animals of all kinds when exposed to a degree of cold involving dis- comfort, require extra food to maintain bodily heat and energy, and if such exposure is very severe or is prolonged day after day, the digestive machinery of the dog will be overtaxed and the general health impaired. All dogs in winter require to be comfortable at least, and puppies and growing stock must be kept warm. Reasonable warmth and comfort are in a sense food, very cheap and easily obtained food too. A dog, like a person that is always cold is always uncomfortable, and may shiver off many pounds of flesh. The only way to make a profit is to have the dogs comfortable, and a little attention in providing comfortable quarters will often make the differ- ence between profit and loss. This is a mighty important matter, and one often overlooked because people think Airedales are extra hardy dogs. Grown dogs may stand it, but the writer believes more growing dogs are 40 spoiled by cold, through discomfort and consequent undergrowth and laclc of development, than perhaps any other cause. It may be because having been born in Texas, the writer himself suffers from the cold, that he has so much sympathy for the inmates of chilly kennels. One cannot reasonably expect to reap a profit from animals kept in cold storage for the winter. When a kennel is so cold through the night that a dog has to be blanketed, it needs a better kennel and not a blanket. If a kennel is not artificially heated throughout, the sleeping quarters at least should have a coal stove in them, or small outdoor colony kennels should be placed in every stall, a kennel within a kennel as it were. No amount of feeding will do good to a bunch of cold dogs. GAMECOCK SURPRISE, a Good Representative of the American-bred Airedale 41 CHAPTER VII. Running a Profitable Kennel — Do Not Hold Young Stock Too Long — Advertising and Printed Matter — Care, Good Judgment and Hon- esty in All Statements Brings Best Results. The ways of a man with a maid be strange, Yet -simple and true, To the ways of a man with a horse, When selling- or racing that same. — K. K. The profit in dogs dependst largely upon the age at which they are sold. A well bred Airedale puppy is usually more easily sold at two than at six months, while in proportion to its cost at that age it brings as good or a better profit than an older animal even at a considerably larger price, and can stand the journey as well as an older one. From the breeder's point of view it is better to shove them off as fast as possible, and even if a future champion occasionally slips by, it does not in the long run hurt the breeder at all, but quite the contrary. The large breeder who is constantly filling orders, naturally sells off the best of the litter first, first come first served, the poorest being left till last, as they are more difficult to get rid of. From the buyer's point of view also, then it is decidedly better to take one's chances with an eight weeks' old than a six months' puppy. A good many beginners make a practice of holding their puppies in the hope of getting higher prices, but it is far better sense to let them go when one can get a fair profit. Cash in the pocket is not liable to distemper and a sale is always a sale. As the maid said to Peter in that charming story "The Runt" — "There bane lots more puppies." Also, price the puppy for what it is worth at the time of sale, not for its probable value when carefully grown to maturity. Of course, the value of the breeding should enter into account. A puppy from a repeat litter, where the first litter of that breeding has had famous winners, is of course worth more than ordinarily. When buying dogs, always buy young ones or at least, not over three years, in the case of purchasing a brood. matron or stud dog. While some old dogs are more vigorous than others, it is seldom wise to buy one over five years, no matter how famous. In the same way, if a kennel is to keep from becoming a home for old dogs, don't keep your dogs until too old. Breed a good young bitch in the Spring the first time, get her into show shape the following Fall, and if a good offer should be made sell. It is never safe to buy bargains in dogs. The best are the cheapest in the long run always. Never assume that the seller does not know the worth of his stock, usually he overrates it considerably. Really good well-bred Airedales are always scarce, and to purchase a good one, one must be willing to pay a good price. The more remarkable an apparent bargain, the more dubious it becomes. Perfection is not compatible with cheapness. The cheap one usually has nothing but its price to recommend it, while the dog which is offered cheap and appears of markedly superior appearance, has usually 42 something wrong, some fly in the ointment, won't show, or won't breed or is a poor doer. The better the dog, the higher the price, is a safe rule to follow. Purchasers must not expect too much, and if desirous of getting the best stock, must not when dealing with a reputable breeder, try to beat him down too much in price. Nor is it reasonable to expect a breeder to send valuable young puppies on approval, as if refused, the double railway journey is sure to set back the puppy very much. If you cannot trust a breeder's word, it would be wiser not to do business with him at all. Better pay a bit more and buy from an experienced breeder with a character to lose. Before deciding upon a dog, the buyer should know exactly what he wants, which is of course governed to some extent by what he is prepared or able to pay, and should have sufficient knowledge to be sure he is getting ENGLISH CH. LEGRAM'S PRINCESS, by The New King ex Cragg House Vixen what he wants. When possible, it is always best to visit a kennel yourself where you intend to purchase, and make your selection there. But the beginner, if not competent to judge for himself, and even the experienced judge is sometimes taken in, ought to obtain the guidance of a good judge to act in his interest. It is always more desirable to buy at home when a dog is not as it were on dress parade, than amid the excitement of a show, unless one is thoroughly assured of his ability. One should also make allowances for some defects, which are bound to show up in even the best specimens after longer acquaintance, as it is not always possible to detect everything at one examination. Few things tend to inspire confidence in a kennel more than continuous, temperately worded and truthful advertising, when really backed over a period of years, by the production of fine dogs and honest dealing. Occa- sional changes of copy create interest, and the kennel that having good stock 43 to dispose of, advertises in this way, is the one that becomes most widely known, and so sells the dogs and starts an accumulative business through its former customers and friends. Do not, however, expect your public announcements to do it all. Never forget that a pleased customer is your best advertisement. Right here is where so many businesses come to grief. Repeat orders are what count. Your business grows while your advertising bills become smaller. Your press statement is after all merely a means of bringing buyer and seller together, an introduction as it were. It may create the new customer, but it does not take care of him. It should never be lost sight of that the building of a solid kennel busi- ness depends upon the way your new customers are treated rather than upon CH. PRINCE OF YORK, A.K.C.S.B. 141,822. Bred by D. Williams, England; Imported by Mr. G. W. Batson; Sire Crompton Oorang ex Daisy Marvel getting them in the first place. A sucker may be born every minute, but one can't keep on hunting suckers forever, it costs to much ! First then, be sure you have the goods to deliver, and then let your values, services, and courtesy be such as to make people want to buy your stock and tell their friends about it. That is good advertising for you, much better than any space you can purchase in a kennel paper. Printed matter, remember, too, has personality of its own and see that you have neat letterheads and folders. Good taste in printing, paper and engravings has considerable advertising value, and is well worth considerable expense. The very letter you write is most often the basis upon which a distant customer builds his opinion of the quality of your produce: and your kennel literature stands for itself to people who have never met you. Take 44 time, therefore, over your booklets, stud cards, sales lists, etc., and per- sonally make sure the proofs are correct before printing. A good camera is also a great aid in selling dogs. The process of picture taking is so simple that almost anyone can do fairly good work with a kodak with a little practice. A good photograph is worth a dozen written descriptions. A good unmounted print of any dog offered for sale enclosed in a letter will help tremendously, and in selling puppies a picture of the sire and dam. Advertising is of course an art and a business in itself. Unless you are capable of doing good copy writing, it is better to pay for having it done by an expert, if one contemplates expending much money. In any case buy Mr. Durstine's book on "Making Advertisements and Making Them Pay," and other of the standard writers on this subject. Do not be afraid to spend money in advertising, and once started keep it going. Advertising- is without any doubt one of the chief secrets of success in selling dogs. It is your advertisement that attracts the attention of persons who have never Tieard of your kennels or possibly of your stock, and never \yould but for your investment in space. The method which will usually produce the best results is to give as much information in your advertisement, without using so much space as to make the advertising bill too expensive. If you have good stock and want good prices, advertise in the magazines that reach people of means that are willing to pay a good price for a good article. If you value your customers' good will and your own lasting reputation, never try to get high prices for inferior stock. In answering inquiries give accurate descriptions, pedigrees and enclose a booklet about your kennels. Do not hesitate to men- tion any defects a dog may have. It is much better business to tell your buyer in the first place, than to have him find out for himself afterwards. The kennel business that advertises judiciously, that treats its customers fairly, that gives service afterwards in information, etc., that answers letters promptly and uses good stationery and printing will be successful. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ iraf m ■ iHlM IJBbui {\u CH. CLONMEL'S LAST LITTER Out of the Imported Bitch Pretty Florrie; Whelped December 22, 1907, at Hornell, N. Y. 45 CHAPTER VIII. Judging Airedales — General Principles of Livestock Judging — System and Method — Ring Etiquette and Manners — Study the Points of Value Between Your Show Stock and Your Breeding Foundation. 'What then makes a dog beautiful? The possession of the excellence of a dog." — Epictetus. The principles involved in the judging of Airedales are in general the same as those that apply to other livestock. In a certain sense, the ability to judge properly is a prerequisite to becoming a good breeder. The Master Breeders of livestock history have nearly all been notable judges of the first order. It is thus essential and necessary to have an understanding of these general principles which apply to all livestock judging, and then to see how these ideas can be applied to Airedale judging. In the first place a distinct differentiation must be made between the selec- tion or judging of stock for breeding purposes, and show ring judging. The former is by far the more difficult, the more important, and exemplifies a far greater degree of knowledge of the breed than the latter. Breeding animals have more than an individual worth. They are the progenitors of future generations through whom must be transmitted the characteristics of a numerous ancestry. They must be judged, therefore, not merely as individuals, but as representatives of an ancestry, family, or strain with which the judge must or should be familiar, with its faults and its virtues, as the influence of these animals selected for breeding will dominate the succeeding generations of which they are the foundation. It must be borne in mind that no individual dog will represent in his physical make-up, all the characteristics which he may have inherited and be capable of reproducing in his get, nor yet in some cases any of the char- acteristics which he may be capable of transmitting. Thus the absolute failure as a sire of some noted show ring winner or champion can be accounted for, as well as the superior value as sires or dams of some Airedales, themselves not of sufficient merit to win even the humblest show ring honors. In the selection of breeding stock, the judge must consider a number of important points, that in the show ring are matters of little importance. Any animal selected for breeding should conform to its breed characteristics very closely. This character can he determined when the judge has a thorough knowledge of. the standard of his breed in all its points and in their relation to each other. In a bitch selected for use as a matron, her temperament, her disposition, and her sex character should be carefully considered. These are far more important than any show ring points. She must as far as possible have a non-nervous temperament, a kind disposition, and should be distinctly feminine in her general make-up and appearance. She should also be typical of the particular strain or family that she is derived from, there being 46 then a far greater possibility of her being able to transmit these desired characteristics. The same considerations apply, though perhaps in a lesser degree, to the selection of a stud dog. Outside of its purely sporting side, the show ring is a most potential agency in promoting wholesome competition, through this to a wider and deeper interest in the breed, in promoting the interests of the Airedale and in improving the class of those bred through the broader knowledge of the desired characteristics, which the novice acquires through his efforts to attain show ring honors. In order to become a good judge, either of breeding stock or show stock, a judge must have a definite idea of what constitutes merit. Full information as to individual excellence and breed requirements are essential to a correct selection of the ideal type as measured by the accepted standard. Thorough information is then the first requirement of a good judge. CH. HEDGELEY FLASH, A.K.C.S.B. 119,486. Bred by Russell H. Johnson, Jr.; Whelped September 21, 1907. By Wyndhill Vandal ex Red Queen Yet, one may fully acquire the essential information, may have a clear mind picture of what constitutes the ideal, and fail to recognize it when seen. The actual measurement of merit through observation of the animal form requires keen powers of observation which must be exercised with the nicest accuracy. Practical observation is then the second essential of good judging. The third consideration is the ability to make accurate comparisons between two or more animals. It may be a simple matter more or less to give an accurate description of an individual dog, based on information and observation, noting all his desirable features as well as principal defects. It becomes a matter of a decidedly more difficult nature to balance a superior head and neck but bad feet and poor hindquarters of one individual against the good legs and feet, moderate neck and head and good hindquarters of another, or the good all round, but poor coat, of a third. The judge must 47 be able to do this before he can ascertain in the aggregate, the relative merits of the different individuals under his consideration and before he can arrive at a definite conclusion as to their relative merit. The last consideration of good judging is the ability to make a final decision or conclusion based on the information, observation and comparisons of the various individuals under consideration. It is the ability to return a ver- dict on the evidence deduced. A decision once made, it is most gratifying to the exhibitors as well as assuring to the judge, if he is able to give full reasons for having made the awards as he has done, and a good judge who has arrived at his results through system and method, can always if he chooses give his reasons for his placings. System and method in the show ring are absolute essentials to the rendering of correct decisions. Each judge may have his own individual method of arriving at his conclusions, but without some sort of system, good judging is not possible. In the author's opinion, provided a judge has the necessary backing of knowledge and experience, and in medium sized ' classes, the easy and quick way is to go straight for the winners. First impressions are apt to be very good, and the really able judge can readily decide in his own mind in the usual class of Airedales, with one good look around. In larger classes and bigger shows, more care is of course essential. In watching a well-known Englishman judge at one of our leading out- door shows, some years ago, it was very evident that his method had become a matter of habit. Instead of putting the dogs around the ring, which has always seemed to the author like looking at a kaleidoscope, he had the dogs held in whatever positions they happened to be in, and himself looked them all over. He then had the best ones go to one end and the poor ones go to the other end, then selected the best of the poorer lot and the poorer of the best lot, and looked them over comparatively, finally sending all the poorer ones from the ring, before getting down to business. He then selected what appeared to be the best of the good ones and compared each of the rest with this individual to form his final estimate. / Oftentimes, as an old experienced sheep judge once remarked, the handlers give an exhibit's faults away by calling attention to them by their handling. In the case of the sheep judge, two fine specimens were up for the Grand Championship at a big National Show. The handler of one, by continually brushing down the fleece in one place, called the judge's attention to this particular section of the animal, which disclosed a hollow in the animal's topline, which gave the award to the other animal. In the case of Airedales, no really experienced judge is to be easily deceived, but the advice of the sheep judge is worth bearing in mind. In a very large class of Fox Terriers at an English Show, the author once watched the judge calmly eliminate every animal that had any out- standing fault, no matter how good other sections were, and where the general type of animal shown is alike, this is unquestionably a very fair way. The best animals, should be well-balanced, unexaggerated and symmet- rically preportioned animals, all sections fitting together to form a harmonious whole. Often the judge gets too close on top of his dogs to properly see their general outline, and in comparative judging it is advisable to face the dogs under consideration the same way, and to stand off far enough to get a good comparison of their outlines and symmetry and general harmonious proportions, this often being the deciding factor between otherwise very close specimens. 48 For further considerations as to judging, the reader is referred to two very good works on this subject, "Principles and Practice of Judging Live Stock" by Gay, and "Judging Live Stock" by Craig, both of which are standard text books on the question. In addition to the judge's knowledge of his work, there remains the exhibitor's consideration in showing dogs — the Etiquette of the Ring and the Manners of the Exhibited. Mr. Vinton P. Breese, has written so ably on this question that the writer can not do better than to quote from Mr. Breese, "Another phase of the situation is in giving the public a square deal. There is really no call for ever touching a dog in theshow ring unless requested to do so by the judge, or until the dog is lead up on the judging block, and then only as a matter' of precaution, a possible fight with other dogs that may happen to be on the block at the same time. "After a judge's preliminary examination of the dogs around the ring and his having them moved to determine action, soundness, etc., individual CLONMEL VICTORIA. One of the Clonmels that Proved a Good Brood Matron dogs are called to be brought up on the block. Invariably the judge will stand facing the block, and it is always much more satisfactory to him, and in fact to all hands concerned, to have the dogs trotted up on the block facing him from the opposite side of the ring. Should the dog called for happen to be behind or to one side of the judge, it is excellent ring etiquette to walk the dog around the ring until a position opposite the judge is reached, then trot the dog up and stop him squarely in the middle of the block. This manner of showing, not only facilitates the work of judging, but affords the ringsiders an opportunity to see what is taking place." If the prominent professional handlers are watched, it will be noted that to a man, they adopt this manner of showing all breeds, and much of their success is due to it. The reason for this is that they have discovered that by proper training, a dog can be made to show and show himself far 49 better than mortal man can ever do it for him. Many a nip-and-tuck contest has been won, through confidence on the dog's part, and the proper kind of handling on his handlers. Airedale fanciers who have witnessed Mr. Russell H. Johnson, Jr., showing one of his beautifully mannered terriers on a long loose lead, or who saw Mr. Lomas and Vickery Soubrette, or have watched Mr. George H. Thomas in the show ring, can have some idea of what a help to a dog this kind of handling is. "The dog show is an institution," writes Mr. Breese, "where dogs are supposed to be, and should be, judged entirely upon their individual merits; where the dog exhibited by the amateur will receive equally as much con- sideration as the one exhibited by the professional handlers. Taking two dogs of about equal merit, one showing himself in an indifferent manner, and the other deporting himself with all the style and action required of him, naturally the honors will go to the latter dog. We have frequently witnessed instances of this character, where the winning dog was being shown by a professional handler, and have heard remarks made such as, "No wonder he won, see whose handling him." Remarks of this character are entirely uncalled for. Invariably, the professional handler has his dogs trained to perfect show form, and knows how to bring out all the good that is in them. All of this requires much time, and hard work on the part of the handlers, and so long as he transgresses none of the rules of clean sports- manship, his dog should win over another equally as good a specimen, showing himself in a slovenly manner. Disposition and deportment must always be given due consideration by a judge." At a leading Airedale show some years ago, where one of our oldest and most prominent judges was officiating, a dog, and a good specimen at that, was brought into a very small and crowded ring. The exhibitor en- couraged the dog to bark, bite, and bang up against the other dogs until the ring was in a turmoil. Although cautioned by the judge, he paid little attention to it, and was finally ordered from the ring, where with care in showing properly, he might have been in the money. It was a case of bad manners on the part of both dog and handler, and the action of the judge was perfectly justified. The unwritten law of dog showing is good sportsmanship on the part of the handler, and good ring manners on the part o fthe exhibited. If these are observed by all, the dog show game is bound to progress and to flourish, and the cause of the Airedale to advance in popular favor. •s? 50 AIREDALE TERRIER CHAMPIONS OF RECORD Abbey King Nobbier (161,928) .\di09 Tempest (151,264) Afton Queen Oorang Aireshire Lad (110,096), Almonte Peggy (264,456) Babs (121,996) Barkerend Lillian (55,695) Baughfell Briar (169,935) Bilmer Bingo (182.455) Bilmer-Fol-de-Rol (226,017) Bingley Blossom (165,195) Boltonwoods Blossom (79,338) Boltonwoods Briar (76,088) T5othwell Sorceress (151,862) Briar's Masterpiece (109,205) Briarcroft Lady Bachelor (273,919) Brickfield Molly (170,256) Briergate Brigbtbeauty (224,419) Briergate Bright Light (184,247) Briergate Rex Persaltum (197,791) Buck's Sunflower (91,309) Chesney Cherry Circle (197,082) Chorister (121,994) Clonmel Bed Rock (100.376) Clonmel Command (147,087) Clonmel Coronation (100,377) Clonmel Imperious (156,304) Clonmel Isonomy (147,088) Clonmel Marvel (51,612) Clonmel Mesalliance (137,076) Clonmel Rough and Ready (142,460) Clonmel Monarch (61,021) ('(ilue Lucky Baldwin (71,660) Colne Master Royal (93,908) Courtlandt Isabel (104.014) Courtlandt Kitty (104,015) Derryfield Nell (120,492) Doreda Warland Strategy (211,991) Dumbarton Lass (60,636) Earlwood Warlock (271,991) El Sur Roseben (158,917) Elms Primus (224,431) Endcliffe Commander (135,910) EndclifTe Crack (92,029) Endcliffe Radiance (112,107) Endcliffe Victoria (115,116) Farleigh Mikado (80,680) Flo (106,310) Geelong Cadet (184,608) Gold Heels (159,372) Harry Jones (117,843) Hastings Clipper (54,761) Heathcote Enchantress (196,785) Hedgeley Flare (131,158) ITedgeley Flash (119,486) Hedgeley Flicker (126.501) Highgate Kitty (69,791) Highgate Kitty, Jr. (107,518) His Highness (173.807) Ingafield Wild Rose (116,679) Ingaflora (98,39s) Judge Dexter (124,044) Kenmare Caprice (190,316) Kenmare Conjuror (183,580) Kenmare Sorceress (144,241) King Nobbler's Double (190,852) King Oorang (147,494) Kismet Flashlight (92,661) Kismet Rockferry Pounder (83,018) Kootenai Chinook (160,417) Kootenai Firebrand (166,013) Kootenai Radiance (137,831) Lady Alice (72,291) Lady Tempest (77,183) Lake Dell Damsel (131,381) Lancroft's Dawn (154,603) Larchmere Bittersweet (120,014) Larchmere Flash wood (120,913) Larchmere Mistress Magnet (135,096) Larchmere Surprise (132,934) Lillian Jones (117,845) Longhill Doris (127,317) Longhill Peggy (109,178) McConnell's Queen (158,312) Matlock Bob (117,733) Motor Dace (111,707) Normanton Tipit (220,392) Pilgrim Yellow Jacket (126,411) Polam Maxim (238,029) Polam Milkmaid (177,237) Prince Hal (85,612) Prince of York (141,822) Princess Royston Tess (103,713) Queeil of Lyons (182,208) Red Raven (105,646) Red Sunlight (79.555) Rex Persaltum (197,791) Rldgecote Anticipation (114,097) Riding Master (122,108) Rock Prince (69,790) Rowsley Regina (93,991) Sandown Delpb Girl (73,252) Scamp Rock Oorang (168,644) Selil Debutante (138,586) Sitting Bull (119,580) Soo Floradora (178,783) Soudan Stamboul (151,449) Soudan Swiveller (150,891) Springbank Sceptre (149,988) Tanglewood Una (115,895) Thayerdale Tenny (134,096) The Banker's Daughter of Grosse Isle (266,237) The Gamecock (99,702) The Marchioness (104,222) The New King (65,826) The Norseman (121,995) Tintern Royalist (135,457) Tintern Tiptop (203,798) Unexpected (147,086) Vickery Aman Gem (212,612) Vickery Rainbow (180,387) Vickery Soubrette (168,293) Vickery Vesta (156,188) Wissahickon Chief (122,107) Wyndhill Diana (09,703) Wyndhill Tackle (88,887) Wynton Tyke (104,056) York Master Key (183,701) York Masterpiece (80,148) York Ryburn swell (184,814) York Sceptre (80,150) York the Conquerer (85,935) York the Haymaker (124,409) York the Hayseed (93,784) York Victoria (91,704) Young King Nobbier (174,664) 51 SKELETON OF TERRIER SHOWING BONES AND JOINTS 1. Fossa on lower Jaw 19. The Fibula 7 Branch of lower Jaw 20. Stifle Joint 3. Superior Maxilla 21. Hock Joint 4. Temporal Fossa 22. Metatarsal Bone 5. Parietal Bone 23. Phalanges 6. Sagiittal Crest 24. Shoulder Blade 7. Malar Bone 25. Shoulder Joint 8. Nasal Bone 26. Humerus or Arm 9. Occipital Crest 27. Elbow Joint 10. Cervical Vertebrae 28. Radius of Forearm 11. Dorsal Vertehne 29. Ulnar 12. Lumbar Vertebra* 30. Wrist or Carpal Bones 13. Front part of Sacrum 31. Metatarsal Bones 14. The Pelvis 32. Phalanges 15. Bones of Tail 33. Ribs 16. Femur of 1st Thigh Bone 34. Floating Rib 17. Patella of Knee Cap 35. Sternum composed of IS. Tibia of 2nd Thigh eight segments 52 53 AIREDALE TERRIER STANDARD ■■■-■ . ::: " ■ '■ ,fi 1 '^ 1 sML- '-;'■» 1 ■ ":J. V * c&J POLAM MAXIM AS APPROVED BY THE AIREDALE TERRIER CLUB OF AMERICA. Head. — Long, with flat skull, not too broad between the ears and narrowing slightly to the eyes, free from wrinkle. Stop hardly visible, and cheeks free from fullness. Jaw deep and powerful, well filled up before the eyes, lips tiffht. Ears V-shaped with a side 1 carriage, small but not out of proportion to the size of the dog. The nose black. The eyes small and dark in color, not promi- nent, but full of Terrier expression. The teeth strong and level. Neck. — Should be of moderate length and thickness, gradually widening toward the shoulders and free from throatiness. Shoulders and Chest. — Shoulders long and sloping well into the back, shoulder blades flat. Chest deep, but not 'broad. Body. — Back short, strong ana straight. Ribs well sprung. Hindquarters. — Strong and muscular, with no droop. Hocks well let down. The tail set on high and carried gaily, but not curled over the back. Legs and Feet. — Legs perfectly straight, with plenty of bone. Feet small and round, with a good depth of pad. Coat. — Hard and wiry, and not so long as to appear ragged; it should also lie straight and close, covering the dog well all over the body and legs. 54 Color. — The heart and ears, with the exception of dark markings on each side of skull, should be tan, the ears being of a darker shade than the rest. The legs up to the thighs and elbows being also tan, the body black or dark grizzle. (Size. — Dogs, 40 to 45 pounds weight. Bitches slightly less. It is the unanimous opinion of the Club that the size of the Airedale Terrier as given in the above standard is one of, if not the most important, character- istics of the breed; all judges who shall henceforth adjudicate on the merits of the Airedale Terrier shall consider undersized specimens of the breed se- vrely handicapped when competing with dogs of the standard weight. SCALE OF POINTS. ^lead, ears, eyes, mouth 20 Coat 15 Xeck, shoulders and chest 10 Color 10 Body 10 (ieneral character, expression.... 15 Hinrtquarters and stern 5 Legs and feet 15 Total 100 55 AIREDALE STANDARD SIMPLIFIED BY W, E. BAKER, Jr. A FEW years ago the question was raised as to whether the Airedale Standard should be revised. At the time it was left unsettled either by the discussion in the kennel press or by the purported investigation by the committee appointed by the Airedale Club. Occasionally since this vexed question has been revived in communications to the kennel press, principally as to size, coat, and color. Much of what has appeared in public print has been of interest, and in a measure of benefit to the breed, hut so varied have been the ideas as to type, color, etc., expressed by fanciers in different INT. CH. TINTERN TIP TOP, A.K.C.S.B. 203,798. Stud Fee, $25.00. Owned by Mr. Chas. Quetschke, Caswell Kennels, Toledo, Ohio localities that frequently the novice breeder has become so confused as to what was correct type and character that he also has appealed to the press lor information from those qualified to give it. Again, those who have been interested in following the show game and have seen the very inconsistent judging at our principal shows must have come to the inevitable conclusion that something was wrong. To the un- prejudiced mind it would seem that the breed suffered a severe handicap from its owners, well meaning, perhaps, but ignorant, who have so freely expressed their views in print, assuming that the purchase or lucky breeding of some noted winner has given them the authority to express their views. Fortunately the Airedale is blessed in having a small but true band of ad- mirers who have stood by the breed for many years, have seen the start and 56 •finish of many kennels, and breeders, whose interest has flagged after three or four years and the discovery that it takes brains, patience, trouble, time and money, to produce Terriers able to top the prize lists year after year. These true breeders are the real backbone of the fancy and are the final arbiters on the question of standard. They do not lose sight of the fact that the existing standard has brought the Airedale to its present state of popularity, backed, of course, by the dogs own good qualities, which have won it a recognized place among dog owners in general, not interested from the exhibitor's or breeder's point of view. In the keen competition to pro- duce bench show winners, the true sporting purpose for which the dog is intended must never be lost sight of. In breeding and judging the essential features of the breed based on its utility to its purpose must receive the greatest attention. The courage, hardy constitution and adaptability to all 'Wt '" "^M fir »'&•* m -"i& M K% *mT~ W% f^ ; n ^ HMJI - JIS ^M *> ip^ ^ m^ Ik ►•<* *?■*• ■ » Bu,«** ;- v *' * fc. - . lb \ %, 9 *• f™^ is v. 2 1M— ■ TLt. ' ' : -ZTS> - '■'"'. BROOKHAVEN LADDIE, A.K.C.S.B. 239,139. Stud Fee, $25.00. Owned by Mr. Wilford Wood, 146 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. sorts of work have won the Airedale his popularity. These essential char- acteristics must never be lost or sacrificed in any effort, however desirable, to produce purely arbitrary fancy points or the breed will suffer. We must get back in our breeding aims to producing the real Airedale— a dog capable and willing to do any work required of him, at the same time in style, con- formation and character measuring up to our best bench show requirements. This is not an impossibility — breed for the essentials — courage, jaw power, hard coats, bone and substance, first — then try for the finer qualities of front, style, color, etc. On the part of many exhibitors and breeders this broader view has been lost. The something wrong is the interpretation of the standard — the losing 'sight in the chase after color or other craze, of the fact that a good dog must be good all over — not phenomenal anywhere in particular. The standard is not far wrong all through — interpreted correctly. The fact that there is no such thing as a working type of Airedale and a 57 small, nervous show type, must be made clear. There is only one correct type of Airedale for any purpose he may be put to. There is no possible excuse for breeding soft-coated, houndy eared, thick skulled, light eyed mutts and calling them working type of Airedale than there is for breeding small, nervous, all quality show type, so-called, lacking in bone, substance, game- ness, or any essential of the real working dog. It must be firmly fixed in the breeders' mind that the one and only correct ideal is the combination c£ the best qualities of the real champion show dog with all the abilities and qualities of the true "waterside" Terrier, as our friend, the Airedale, was once called. Put an end once and for all time to any idea that there is any but one standard Airedale, bred for business and show ring, and bred to conform to the standard as it is. CH. MATLOCK BOB, A.K.C.S.B. 117,733. Bred by H. Knightbridge, England; Whelped June 17, 1907. By Midland Royal ex Lady Wilful 58 THE AIREDALE TERRIER STANDARD SIMPLIFIED FOR THE NOVICE THE purpose of this article is to explain as simply as pssible the above Standard to the novice fancier, though it is hoped it may prove useful to the veteran fancier in perhaps clarifying his own ideas. Much discussion has taken place from time to time as to whether the Airedale Standard should be revised. It is not intended to take sides or to enter into these discussions in this article. As long as the Standard remains as originally drawn up the fancier should endeavor to thoroughly grasp and understand the meaning of the Standard — and to direct his breeding efforts to produce a type of Terrier which conforms to that Standard — which the novice and veteran alike should In- ir in mind, lias brought the Airedale to its present popular position. On many of the points of difference in the discussions raised in the kennel press on the interpretation of this Standard there are possibly good grounds for honest differences in opinion. Where such exist, we believe in conservatism — not going to extremes on either side of the question. No attempt is made in any way to set up a new Standard in any detail or to revive any discussions of this Standard, nor is this simplied Standard offered in any way as official. It is simply to point out how the best judges interpret this Standard in applying its provisions to the Airedale considered correct today However, it should be distinctly understood that we do not refer to those judges who in the ring Mistinctly show their personal likes and dislikes in regard to type, size, color and other disputed points — except possibly where the Stand- ard as written is not exactly enough specified to make the real meaning suf- ficiently clear — though the endeaver should always be to follow the implied meaning of the standard in all sections where possible. sr THE AIREDALE STANDARD SIMPLIFIED HEAD. — Long with flat skull, not too broad between the ears and narrow- ing slightly to the eyes, free from wrinkle. Stop hardly visible, and cheeks free from fullness. Jaw deep and powerful, well filled up before the eyes, lips tight. Ears V-shaped with a side carriage, small but not out of proportion to the size of the dog. The nose black. The eyes small and dark in color, not prominent, but full of Terrier expression. The teeth strong and level. Length — The length of head of a full grown, well developed, properly proportioned Airedale male of correct size — measured with calipers from the back of the occipital bone to the nostrils should average 9 inches in length. The female proportionately less ; & r / 2 inches being a fair average. Any measurement in excess of length given above nearly always indicates a long backed; over sized specimen which should be severely handicapped in competition with dogs of the right length of head, properly proportioned and of correct size. Very rarely — almost in the nature of a freak — a dog *$ / 1 k >y FIG. 1 of correct size, correct length of back, may have a longer head than the limit given. The usual result is to cause the dog to appear out of pro- portion to his head. While to some such a dog may appear desirable, he should be placed below a dog equally good but better balanced. In a well balanced head the length of the foreface and the length of the skull should be about equal, though the foreface may properly be slightly longer, the fore- face being considered the distance from the nostril to the stop or point between the eyes, and the skull from this point to the back of the occipital bone. If the foreface is noticeably shorter the effect is to give the head as a whole a weak and unfinished effect. This is a bad fault. On the other hand, if the skull is too short, resulting in the placement of 60 CH. EARLWOOD WARLOCK, by Earlwood Hickory Limb. Owned by Mr. Earle J. Woodward, Palatine, 111. (Photo by Caroline Woodward) 61 the eye too near the oars and too high in the head, the expression of the dog is completely spoiled — and he has the so-called "foreign" expression that is a great detriment to a Terrier and must be considered very bad. The whole effect must be one of good proportion and balance as far as the length of the various portions of the head are concerned. Skull — The top line or contour of the skull should be almost, flat, sloping slightly to and gradually diminishing in width towards the eyes. It may properly have a slight groove or indentation along the center line from the stop upwards, which gradually widens and flattens out. Any forma- tion of bone in the nature of a "bump" above the eyes is faulty, and the IMP. CH. DOREDA CRAIGMILLAR PRINCE. Fee $35.00. Owned by Doreda Kennels, Highland Park, 111. apple or domed formation of skull between the ears is equally faulty. There should be no wrinkle and the skin on the skull should be smooth. In the full grown male dog, properly proportioned, of correct size, the circum- ference of the skull measured in the thickest part should average 13V£ inches. Bitches slightly less. If this measurement is exceeded the skull is termed coarse, while if much less the dog will have a bitchy appearance in head. Both are faults. Not too broad between the ears does not convey the exact meaning in defining a coarse or bitchy head, but the space between the ears may give the appearanc of coarseness or bitchiness if the ears are placed too far apart or too close together, or carried to appear so, and the whole effect of the thickness of skull and placement of ears should be one of good proportion, with the length and thickness of skull. 62 FOREFACE — The fore i ace should gradually taper, but slightly, t rom eye to nostril, and should dip slightly at its juncture with the forehead, that is, between the eyes, as explained by the words "stop hardly visible" in the standard. The foreface should not dish or fall away before the eyes, but be well filled up with bone. However, it should not be too wedgy in appear- ance, but should be slightly chiselled or cut away before the eyes. A dog with no stop, and such occasionally occur, is not as desirable as one with the stop slightly visible, as he loses in refinement and character to the latter. A dog with too much stop is still more faulty. In appearance this may be remedied by leaving on and brushing up the hair that grows here. How- ever, a dog correctly formed before the eyes needs no hair here and is far better without it in appearance. The circumference of the foreface just before the eyes should be about 9-K inches, and slightly less measured at the beginning of the nostrils. -^^i ! f \> ■■^ Cheeks — The cheeks should be free from "cheekiness" or excessive muscular or bony development of the jaw, which is both unsightly and un- necessary. This does not mean that there should be any lack of well de- veloped jaw bones and strong, level teeth. Both upper and lower jaws must be muscular and the Teeth, as nearly as possible, level and capable of closing together like a vise — the lower canines locking in front of the upper and the points of the upper incisors slightly overlapping the lower. It is not necessary that a dog should have a perfect mouth ; if the teeth he has are good enough to do business with in a strong, powerful jaw. The lips should be tight. Iu the head lacking power in foreface and weak in underjaw, resulting in a bitchy or feminine expression, while better than the thick, coarse head, the formation called "pig jaw"' is apt to be noticed. Both the faulty mouths- pig jawed and undershot, while extremely undesirable to breed from, are not such bad faults unless so noticeable as to be seen by the practiced eye without inspection. In the judging ring it is not necessary to examine a dog's mouth unless it is noticeably bad, except in the case of dogs close 63 together in general excellence, when a close inspectiovi of the mouths would be in order and the result counted in the final decision. Ears — Should be small but in proportion to the size of the dog; in a dog of correct size, about 4 inches long and V-shaped ; of a moderate thick- ness, and should neatly fold over but should not fall like a Fox Terriers ear to the front and high, but be carried distinctly to the side of the cheek with the top line or break but little above the top line of the skull. ' A pendulous ear hanging loosely to the side or falling back like a Hound's is uncharacteristic of a Terrier and is a bad fault — a semi-erect ear is still more undesirable, and while many seem to like the Fox Terrier ear on the Airedale, it is absolutely not correct, and the Airedale with such an ear, while he may seem snappier, smarter, and more of a Terrier, loses the more sedate expression and character that he should possess quite distinct from that of the Fox Terrier. This is an important point. CH. KENMARE CONJUROR. Bred by John Robb, Scotland; Whelped July 25, 1913. Imported by W. Prescott Wolcott. By Oakroyd Terror ex Rosebank Countess Nose — The nose should be black. Eyes — Should be dark in color, moderately small and not prominent, but full of Terrier expression, intelligence and courage. Should have a more quiet, dignified expression than the Fox Terrier. Eyes should be spaced about 2$/\ inches apart on centres — either too close or too wide apart hurts the expression. The eye should be oval shaped, not round Anything approaching a yellow eye is very objectionable. A round, full eye is also objectionable. The skin surrounding the eye should be fine in quality and the most correct color is dark hazel. Some fanciers advocate a black eye. This does not improve the expression. A round small eye is not desirable; while not as faulty as the protruding or large round eye, it gives a cunning expression to the dog. A large, soft eye, or any eye with rings around it are worst of all. Occasionally a lighter self colored eye occurs, which 64 frequently harmonizes with the tan color expression and is right in size and placement. A black rim to the eyelid adds expression and character. A deep set eye is also faulty. There are, of course, many more variations to the eye, but the dark hazel, almond shaped eye with black rimmed eyelid of medium size is most desirable. Whisker — The standard makes no mention of hair on the muzzle, com- monly called whisker. However, the hair on the muzzle and eyebrow, or the want of it, largely adds to or takes from the character of the head. Too much whisker, particularly of a soft sort, indicates almost certainly a soft coated dog, which will be discussed under coat, and is unnecessary, out of place and detrimental to the dog's appearance, taking away the hard bitten look. There should be enough whisker of a hard sort to give a dis- tinctly different character to the head than in a smooth coated Terrier — FIS.3 as the Fox Terrier. It should be most profuse toward the end of the muzzle and underjaw. Very scanty between the eyes and on top of the muzzle. Character — The head, which is the index of all breeds, shows or forms to a large degree the character of the dog. This quality of character is rather elusive, and probably no question on any subject connected with the Airedale is less understood. It may be properly defined as a combination in proper proportion of expression, quality, temperament, carriage, liberty, coats and contour. The eye, expression, the coat on head and the chiselling of the foreface and skull combine to give character to the Airedale's head. However, the head may be well formed, nicely balanced, with long, strong foreface, well shaped skull, good eyes and ears, but it may not be quite Airedale in charac- ter. Irish, Fox and Welsh Terriers may have good heads for their re- spective breeds, but on the body of an Airedale would be out of character. Particularly it must be noted that the Airedale ears have a side carriage and anything approaching a Fox Terrier ear on an Airedale is out of character. 65 HEAD STUDY OF CH. BINGLEY BLOSSOM, A.K.C.S.B. 165,195. By Uncle Sam ex Imp. Brosna Bachanta 00 Similarly, the expression and particularly the eyes go a long way toward making up the character of the head. The Airedale expression should be quieter than that of the Fox Terrier. NECK. — Should be of moderate length and thickness, gradually widening towards the shoulders and free from throatiness. Neck — Should be clean, muscular, of a good length in proportion to the body and length of back of the dog; free from throatiness; gradually widening toward shoulders and presenting an arch or graceful curve when viewed from the side. The circumference around the throat and behind ears should be about 13% inches in a full grown, well proportioned dog of cor- rect size; about 15 to 15% inches around the collar, and about 7 inches from occipital bone to withers. These dimensions may vary in some degree as PAPPIO CLIPPER, A.K.C.S.B. 303,712. Stud Fee, $25.00. Owned by Pappio Kennels, Omaha, Neb. the neck must be in proportion to the rest of the dog. With a dog with a head which we have defined as coarse, provided such a dog has a proportion- ately large and strong jaw, the length of foreface to give the whole proper proportion and a neck exceeding dimensions given, but in proportion the total effect is correct in shape and character, though inclined on the coarse order. The neck is so intimately connected with and part of the head that in the "tout ensemble" it should lie considered along with the heid. Throat- iness, or a short thick-set neck will absolutely offset and spoil an otherwise perfect head and expression. Let us consider the heads that accompany and illustrate this article. That if Fig. 1 is long enough and strong enough in muzzle to please the most fastidious. The skull is fat and the jawbones, though powerful, are not cheeky. The throat curves away very 67 cleanly from the underjaw and the latter is strong enough. The eye is correctly placed. The ears are carried right and are the right size. In Fig. 2 the ears are too large and out of proportion to the rest of the head. There is entirely too much whisker .or hair between the eyes on the upper part of the foreface. On the whole, a nice head, but lacking slightly in Terrier character, and too strong in skull. Fig. 3 shows a long head, but a ridiculous amount of whisker. However, this is no exaggeration, such heads are all too frequent on the bench. It is a sure and certain indication of a soft coat when a dog carries a whisker of this sort. Fig. 1 shows about the right amount of whisker, particularly in the stop or between the eyes. A flat skull. A very typical Airedale head, with a strong foreface, muzzle and jaw. SHOULDERS AND CHEST.— Shoulders long and sloping well into the hack, shoulder blades flat. Chest deep but not broad. Shoulders and Chest — The better understood term "front" taken in an Airedale sense describes in one word the shoulders, chest, legs and feet. Fig. 4 shows a well nigh perfect front. It is to be noted that looking at the Airedale head-on there should be a distinct slope from the set-on of n<*. " o « o ' .J,^ ■