%-r » JP-^* i»' •^*f' ^^0.$^' ♦* >t^*"V lST. .C.^'^vA. * ^o. ■^v* ^''•^*. .0^ ^•«''* tf life: "°>* ':^te" ''-o^ '^^ -^^o* 4 ,0^ %^^^V ^^^^^•^o'^ %^^^^ A Silent Peal from the Liberty Bell BY ADALINE MAY CONWAY, A.M., Ph.D. ± PHILADELPHIA GEORGE W. JACOBS & COMPANY PUBLISHERS ^6 6V Copyrigrht, 1914 By George W. Jacobs & Co. FEB -4 1214 ©CI.A361866 To Laddie The Liberty Bell "I, the old Liberty Bell, shall share with you my memories" (p. 12). To my eyes they did point out the symbol of Liberty, And to my ears they did direct the sound. It was only a sound of dong-dong, And it came from an instrument of brass made by man. The bell did not ring to my ears; I could not hear the voice in my ears; But in my heart its tones took hold, And I learned that its brazen tongue Even in silence told of struggles against wrong. These good sons of America Call the Liberty Bell ancient; But I who come from the oldest of the lands, A student of the philosophy of ages. Know that what this bell speaks Is of Heaven's wisdom. Millions of centuries before the earth was born. It repeats the heart words of the gods; It repeats, only repeats; But let it do so to the end. From the Memoirs of Li Hung Chang By permission of Houghton Mifflin Co. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE "I, the old Liberty Bell, shall share with you my memories" Frontispiece 'Then I was moved to the State House" 22 'Have you seen the old chair in the center of the dais at the east end of the Declaration Chamber ?" . 48 'John Nixon began to read aloud to the people that fateful Declaration of their Independence" . . 54 u He was the very last Hnk between me and the great events in which we had both played our parts" . 61 ^ A SILENT PEAL FROM THE LIBERTY BELL O YOU who come to gaze carelessly upon me here in my glass case think that I am a mere inanimate, unknowing, unsee- ing thing? Then it is you who are soulless automatons without understanding or vi- sion. How you do chatter and jest, heedless of the sanc- tity of this national shrine! Once I had a voice that reached even such deaf ears as yours. Pass along quickly, please, and do not linger in the next room before the portraits of your ancestors lest you make them ashamed of you! But you in whose glances are meditation and reverence — ah, yes — by the misty blur in your eyes and your quickened heartbeats, I know that you are living spirits, and that you have already recognized me and can hear me communing with your souls. Are you thinking of all the great, stirring events in which I have played my part? To you they are history, but to me they are memories. Yes, I 10 can revive my memories for you, but first you must re- kindle your belief in the un- seen and the unknown. This present age is materialistic and knows only the obvious, the visible and the external. You forget that there is a world within the world, a realm of the spirit, a place of longings, inspiration and en- thusiasm, and that the spirits of this unseen world are ever abroad in the land, commun- ing with the race of men and moving them to good and noble deeds. Some have lis- tened, though what they heard was but a still, small voice II within themselves or the silent appeal of such objects and symbols as you see about you here. Hark! are you able to hear these voices? It is well, for now I, the old Liberty Bell, shall share with you my memories. It was in an English foun- dry that I first became aware of myself, though I did not know what I was until some workmen, showing me to a visitor, announced that I was the Bell which Robert Charles had ordered to be cast for his friends over the sea. I listened then, as the visitor slowly and laboriously spelled 12 out an inscription which I bore upon my surface: "By Order of the Assembly of THE Province of Pennsylvania FOR the State House in the City of Philadelphia^ 1752." I felt a strange sensation, as I heard these words, as if far, far away something were calHng me, and the foundry suddenly seemed too small to hold me. Then the visitor continued to read: "Proclaim Liberty Through- out ALL the Land unto all the Inhabitants Thereof." But, though these words aroused in me a sense of won- 13 der and of awe, they really meant little to me at the time, for the Spirit that was to in- habit my humble body had not yet manifested itself to me. Some weeks later I became the object of much bustling preparation and activity, and then shortly I found myself aboard Captain Budden's good ship Myrtilla, bound for Phil- adelphia, which place I heard spoken of among the sailors as situated in the New World. Up to this time I had been content merely to observe what was going on about me and had never troubled my- 14 self about my own purpose. That I was of much impor- tance had become evident by the great care with which I had been fashioned and han- dled, but of what was to be my mission in Hfe I had not the slightest idea. Then, when the ship which was bearing me westward was well out to sea, I became conscious that there were voices all about me which seemed intelligible only to myself, for the other objects on the ship, and even the sailors and passengers, gave no sign of hearing those wonderful alluring tones which sounded to me in the lonely IS cries of the wild sea birds, in the unruly winds which wafted us westward and in the unsi- lenced song of the sea, caus- ing strange stirrings and emo- tions within me and a great longing to answer. But I re- mained mute and could not find my voice. As I was well- nigh ready to break with this unsatisfied longing to express myself, the chaotic voices of the wild birds, the winds and the sea became united in one far-sounding symphony : '''I am the Spirit of Liberty -And I speak Through the voices Of all free things In earth and sky and sea. i6 Where Justice dwells, I hover near: Where oppressors rule I enter there To kindle in hearts of men The fire of protest, that burns un- quenched Until they rise in wrath To wrench themselves free And overthrow the Tyrant's power. War-clouds are gathering Over the sea! I hear the low thunders that presage the storm ! The hands of the Mighty are reaching out To strike at the freedom of Patriots Who sought new lands that they might find Peace, in my name. But I, the Spirit of Liberty, Shall so inflame the hearts of men That when the storm breaks, The world shall see The miracle of Weakness conquering Strength!" 17 The song of the elements ceased, but to my astonish- ment, within myself I heard the same all-persuasive voice speaking directly to me: **You are a bell, and when properly placed you will find your voice and speak to the race of men. But remember, I pray, that you are no ordi- nary bell. In the land of which I have sung there dwells a man of prophetic vision, and when other wise men wished a bell to summon them forth in affairs of state, they charged him to provide for its making. Then, feeling within his soul the first faint z8 stirrings of coming events, he did order a bell made over the sea that should bear in itself the magic of words culled from a prophet of old. Thus, even before you were shaped, you were consecrated to God and to Liberty. Many days and many months shall pass over you before you compre- hend the true meaning of these things, and you will waver in doubt of your mis- sion and of me; but I, the Spirit of Liberty, shall dwell within you and shall not forsake you. Remember my words, and when the crucial day dawns, set thy voice ring- 19 ing in a peal that shall re- sound through all the ages — Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof r Again I felt that sensation of awe which these mysterious words had first produced in me. The voice ceased, and many days passed ere I heard it again, while once more in the song of the wild birds, the winds and the sea I heard only the alluring echoes of things that I could not understand. Soon I was paying little attention to these unintelligi- 20 ble sounds, for the voyage proved long and tedious and I knew nothing but my own great weariness. In fact, I then developed a dislike of journeying which I have never been able to overcome. At last the ship reached her port, and I forgot all else in the interest of new sights and the events which were taking place around me. As soon as I had been placed on shore there came some staid gentle- men down to view me, and from their conversation I learned that these were Isaac Norris and the other members of the committee who had 21 been chosen to secure a bell for the State House. They seemed well pleased with me and said many flattering things which I found pleasant to hear. In fact, I became quite filled with a sense of my own importance and merit. Then I was moved to the State House, and on being raised to the place provided for me in the tower, a feeling of peace and contentment came upon me which I can scarcely describe. It was as if I had just reached a home for which I had been longing and from which I had been long absent, and I knew then that it was this which 22 a- 3 o <; (T) CO o w CO H > H W O G had seemed to call to me in the foundry over the sea. When all things were made ready I learned that I was to have my voice tried. Now come some memories which I would fain blot out or omit from my narrative, but I have learned the value of the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so you shall hear of my mistakes and my faults. Perhaps they will establish a closer sympathy between us. Oh, yes! I well know you mortals — your strong and your weak points. I have told you of my long- ing to express myself, so per- 23 haps you can picture the satisfaction with which I wit- nessed the preparations for hearing my first pubHc utter- ance. In my ignorance I felt no fear, no embarrassment, for my mind was possessed with the sense of my own importance and I remembered nothing but the assurance of my extraordinary value, which had so mysteriously come to me in the voice of the Spirit. Thus the thought of my great purpose surged in my soul, and the echoes of all the praises that I had received sounded in my ears and I ac- tually conceived the idea that 24 my very first tones were to fulfil my great mission in life. Then, with pride and vanity swaying my being, I loosed my imprisoned voice to the waiting world. Alas! Instead of the glorious, pure, resound- ing tones of which I had dreamed, there came from my throat the most hoarse and dis- mal croak; and at the same moment, so great had been the strength of my pride, with the first stroke of my clapper my beautiful side was rent by a most unseemly crack, and I must needs witness men trying to shut out the melancholy discord I had produced. 25 Thus quickly my pride was turned to shame, and for me as for you, long years of real- ities were necessary to teach me that he who would be great must first be humble, and he who would serve a cause must first forget him- self. So did my great expec- tations give way to mortifica- tion, and then to fear and trembling as to my future fate, for I had made so bad an impression on my auditors that they immediately pro- posed to return me to Eng- land, and with the memories of that long, weary voyage still fresh in my mind, I 26 became utterly disheartened. Then the good news reached me that Captain Budden was unable to find room for me on his return trip. Where- upon I was exceedingly glad, for already I felt that I could never be happy or useful save in the place for which I had been destined and which I had felt calling me in the foundry over the sea. But I had become entirely despondent as to my own abil- ities, and I forgot the assur- ances as to my mission in life which the strange voices had sung to me until two work- men averred that they could 27 recast me and make my voice all that it ought to be. I was next subjected to the inde- scribable pain of being re- created, only to suffer again the mortification of having my voice tried and found wanting. Then once more a period of darkness and re- construction and finally I emerged as you see me now. Step closer and you can see the names of the two work- men, Pass and Stow, engraved upon me. Even now my voice was far from satisfactory, but for- tunately the good God makes glorious our imperfections; 28 and though I next had to suffer the indignity of seeing a rival bell brought across the sea, its voice, upon trial, was found to be no better than mine, and it was discarded so that I might fulfil my mis- sion. The years have brought wisdom, and I now realize that all these trials and un- certainties were necessary to eradicate my vanity and in- stil within me that proper feeling for the vicissitudes of others which should en- able me to strike the sympa- thetic chord in the hearts of men when the opportunity 29 arose. Moreover, those months of uncertainty, when I felt that each day might be my last in this fair land, bred within me the love and de- votion to my country and yours which has ever since been the ruling passion of my life. In the apparently unreasonable rejection of the new bell in favor of myself, it was brought home to me that the spirit had spoken truly, and by the mysterious words I bore upon me I was consecrated to a great Cause. Thenceforth I forgot myself entirely and bent my every effort to the under- 30 standing of those events which I was witnessing and to the faithful performance of such duties as became exclusively my own. At first I was rung chiefly to summon the Assembly, and at my call came together the dignified members of that body to discuss the affairs of the Province. Then, forgetting that I was designed solely for public uses, there were some who made me serve for more pri- vate purposes, such as sum- moning various congregations to worship, until the people living near the State House 31 grew weary of hearing me so constantly sounding, and made protest, which resulted in my services being con- fined to government purposes, which was pleasing to me, especially since a new duty had been assigned to me in sounding forth the hours as recorded by a new town clock recently added to the State House. Moreover, since the laying low of my first mortifying pride in my own abilities I had come to re- gard my voice solely as a public instrument of which that living Spirit of Liberty would make use as the oc- 32 casions demanded. Hence I was anxious above all else to avoid any hoarseness or strain which might have re- sulted from too frequent sounding in this very uncer- tain climate. But do not think that I sounded only for solemn and ponderous affairs of state, for it so happened that on fes- tive occasions, such as the King's birthday and other great public fetes, I joined in the general rejoicings and sang right merrily. Perhaps no British mon- arch was greeted with louder acclamations by all of us in 33 his colonies than was George the Third, for little did we realize, as we celebrated his accession to the throne in 1 76 1, that this was the last monarch to whom we would do honor as subjects. In 1764 the great period of my career began to un- fold itself; for when this same George the Third began to seek to fill his empty cof- fers by placing unlawful taxes upon his American subjects without their consent, the clouds of dissent began to gather and soon were piling up on our horizon with the fury of a fast - approaching storm. 34 Now perhaps you will wonder that I, a mere bell, should have thus observed and understood all that was taking place about me; but just remember, if you please, that I had been given a superior vantage point in the tower of this State House, where I could not only wit- ness the momentous matters being transacted within these walls, but could also observe all the great public demon- strations; for in those days all people gathered in the State House yard, and thus I was enabled to hear their discussions and vehement sen- 35 timents of joy, sorrow and indignation, and to observe their most significant actions. It was with the news of the proposed Stamp Act that I began to feel more than a passive interest in public af- fairs; for, realizing how righteous was the great wave of indignation which broke over the land, I became aware that the Spirit of Lib- erty was dwelling within me just as had been promised, and, feeling its promptings, my voice took on new, ring- ing, vibrant tones, for I too was voicing indignation and protest. 36 Then, in 1765, the dreaded Stamp Act became a law, and at first we were stupe- fied by this unjust blow at our rights. With aching hearts the citizens muffled my voice and set me toll- ing, and never had I sent forth such mournful tones as those which sounded over the city on that day of public calamity, when shops were closed and citizens vied with each other to devise outward means of expressing their grief. The newspapers, about to suspend publication during the period that the use of Z7 stamps should be compulsory, appeared in mourning '*for the death of Liberty/' But Lib- erty was not dead. Rather was she being spurred on by such events to her greatest accomplishments, and she im- mediately enkindled fires of patriotism and became so omnipresent in the land that with one accord men rose up in open rebellion and began the long struggle which ended not until Tyr- anny had been overthrown and Liberty proclaimed the sovereign spirit in a land of freedom. 38 Thereupon important events followed so thick and fast, and we were all so troubled and overwrought and vexed in spirit, that my head aches with the memories. Presently, when the ship Royal Charlotte, which was bringing the detested stamped papers, appeared on the Del- aware under convoy of the man-o'-war Sardine, I was again muffled and set to toll- ing, and my neighbors, the bells of Christ Church, joined in the dirge, while all the ships in the port displayed their colors at half mast. 39 Then came a gathering of several thousand citizens in the State House yard and voiced their protests, and de- manded the resignation of John Hughes, the Stamp Mas- ter, all of which resulted later in the safe transfer of the stamps to a British man-of-war and no attempt to land them. In the same manner all over the land open indignation prevailed and the law was evaded. Finally, on May 20th, 1766, appeared in the river the brig Minerva, Captain Wise, bring- ing news of the repeal of the hated Stamp Act, and then we 40 celebrated gloriously. Cap- tain Wise was brought ashore and feasted, and the next night the city was illuminated and a magnificent entertain- ment provided here at the State House, and right joy- ously did I join my voice in the general thanksgiving and toasts to the King. By this you may know that we were not yet thinking of in- dependence. All we asked was our rights as loyal Brit- ish subjects. But alas! Though England repealed the Stamp Act, she reserved the right further to tax the colonies, and the next 41 year an act was passed pla- cing a duty on various arti- cles, including tea. History has told you of the manner in which the colonists met this obnoxious tax, and of which I gathered full details in the discussions of the Assembly. Like Boston, we had our own little tea-party. The ship Polly, bearing the tea, was re- ported to be on its way to our port, and in accordance with resolutions which had been adopted at a great pub- lic meeting in the State House yard to denounce all buyers or venders of tea, 42 some citizens banded them- selves into a so-called '^Com- mittee for Tarring and Feath- ering," and when the Polly was reported off Cape May they drew up an address to Captain Ayers, saying that if he dared to approach this city with his cargo of tea he should receive "a halter around his neck, ten gallons of liquid tar scattered over his pate, with the feathers of a dozen geese laid over that to enliven his countenance." When I heard this I was highly pleased, but all the while I was alert with ap- prehension for fear the citi- 43 zens might not persist in their determination to forbid the landing of the tea. But I need not have feared, for on the morning of the arrival of the Polly, even before I had sounded my beseeching summons, of their own accord the citi- zens began to assemble in the State House, hurrying eagerly hither, until the lar- gest crowd we had ever got- ten together filled the State House and overflowed the square. Captain Ayers, of the Polly, was present, and hearing the concise and peremptory resolutions con- 44 cerning the withdrawal of himself and his cargo, and seeing the determination upon every visage, he wisely pledged himself to comply with their wishes. The very next day he was escorted down to the wharf by a concourse of citizens who wished him and his cargo of tea bon voyage. Shortly afterwards, seeing the stern of his ship disappearing from our view, I thought I should break my sides laughing over this outcome of our "tempest in a teapot." Not having actually de- stroyed the tea, we were not 45 punished, as were the citi- zens of Boston, for the clos- ing of whose port I was subsequently set to tolling, and whose grievances shortly moved us to convene that meeting which pledged this State to the common cause of Liberty. Then the gathering storm burst upon the land, and when from Massachusetts came the news of Lexington and Concord, I immediately called together eight thousand or more men who agreed "to defend with arms, their lives, liberty and property against all efforts to deprive them of these." 46 You have visited Carpen- ters' Hall, where sat the First Continental Congress, but the Second Continental Congress met here in the State House, and so it became my privilege to witness the appointment of that great man, George Wash- ington, as Commander - in- Chief of the Army, and to hear full accounts of the suc- cession of indignities which finally resulted in a determi- nation to make independence the goal of the colonists' united efforts. Those were crucial days for me, for, as each stirring event unfolded itself, the 47 Spirit of Liberty so swayed and surged in every fibre of my being that I knew not a moment's peace, but re- mained eternally alert, feeling that my great day was fast ap- proaching. I had not long to wait, for on Friday, the sev- enteenth of June, 1776, began the series of events which ushered in the dawn of My Day. Ah! how closely I watched the proceedings of that day, awaiting the watch- word which I knew was to sound for me ! Have you seen the old chair in the center of the dais at the east end of the 48 o SU :; V ffi &3 o <: ■— * "^ n o CL w 2 O next chamber? There sat John Hancock, and before him that identical mahogany table and silver inkstand "bristling with quills." Can you picture the delegates to Congress seated in a semi- circle on either side, and Richard Henry Lee, of Vir- ginia, rising in his place and uttering those fateful words which were to sound the death-knell of British sover- eignty in the Colonies? "Resolved, that these united col- onies are, and hy right ought to he, free and independent States.'' 49 How my whole being thrilled as I heard those words and waited breath- lessly a moment until John Adams seconded the resolu- tion! Then, all silently, with minds upon their mighty res- olution, the delegates filed out — to meet again on the morrow and appoint a com- mittee who should draw up the great Declaration. After the draft of the Declaration had been sub- mitted there followed days of argument and debate, and to me, waiting anxiously in my tower, they seemed intermi- nable. I grew impatient with so the race of men and their regard for external formali- ties, but at the same time I pitied them, because in their hearts were great anxieties and doubts as to whether the Declaration would be adopt- ed, while I, by reason of that Spirit which possessed me, knew no doubts and was not surprised when, after the first three days of July had been spent in debating each paragraph of that glorious document, it was finally adopted late in the evening of the Fourth of July. Almost beside myself with joy, I made ready to fulfil SI my mission; but the Spirit whispered: *'Wait yet a while. The hour has not yet come for the public proclamation." Mark this point well, I pray you, for some have dared to invent great stories of how the throngs that very night besieged the doors of Con- gress, and of how a blue- eyed boy gave the signal for the immediate sounding of my jubilant voice. The truth is more graphic than inventions, and so be it known to you that the Acts of Congress were secret and the mighty deeds of that Fourth of July were not made public until the eighth. ' 52 I spent the interval in silent communion with the Spirit of Liberty and in prayers that I might worthily fulfill my des- tiny. Then ''warm and sunshiny" broke the morning of July eighth, and from far and near came the citizens at my call to hear the reading of that Declaration which was to se- cure Liberty for themselves and their posterity. Ah! it was a goodly sight. From the rear entrance of this building filed out a dignified proces- sion—the Sheriff and Coro- ner with white staffs to usher the way, the town constables, 53 the military men, the members of Congress and other dig- nitaries. At eleven o'clock the Committee of Inspection moved from the Philosophical Hall and were joined at the Lodge by the Council of Safety, whence they proceeded to the Square. Over all was the good summer sunlight, and as I ceased tolling not a sound broke the silence until in clear, ringing tones, from the Observatory balcony, John Nixon began to read aloud to the people that fateful Declaration of their Inde- pendence. His voice ceased, 54 "John Nixon began to read aloud to the people that fateful Declaration of their Independence." and for a moment, as the assembled citizens pondered upon the momentous signifi- cance of what they had heard, I gathered all my strength; and then, as a realization of freedom began to dawn upon the surging throng below, a mighty voice within me shouted, ''The time has comer and, answering a vigorous tug at my bell-cord, I lifted my voice in that glad paean of Liberty whose echoes shall resound in the hearts of men through all ages. Quickly the listening people took up the refrain and broke forth into loud shouts of rejoicing. 55 Then a great peace filled my being, for by this I knew that I had fulfilled my mission and had ''proclaimed Liberty throughout all the land to all the inhabitants thereof." For a quarter of a cen- tury I had been summoning these people to assemble under a foreign monarch. On that day I dismissed them — a free people — with the benediction of those sacred words engraved in their hearts ! But though my mission had been fulfilled, my serv- ices were still needed, and S6 the Spirit of Liberty re- mained with me, for there followed dark days of bat- tles and bloodshed, when hope alternated with despair and men fought to establish and make permanent that independence which they had avowed. And I, the Liberty Bell, did not escape the trials of war, for just before the British occupation of this city r was removed, along with my neighbors, the bells of Christ Church, to Allen- town, and on the way I narrowly escaped destruction by the breaking down of 57 the cart which bore me. For long weeks I was darkly imprisoned under the floor of the Zion Church in Allen- town, sustained only by the thought that men had prized my services sufficiently to send me to a place of safety. Upon my release and return to the State House I heard harrowing tales of the sufferings of those who had been, during my absence, in hospital here within these walls. Ah, me ! Men grew discour- aged, for they had not, like me, the prophetic assurance of ultimate victory, and those 58 dark days were multiplied into years before I was called upon to announce the glo- rious news of the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, and to see twenty-four Stand- ards of British colors brought into this city and laid here at the feet of Congress. The memories darken as succeeding events come to my mind. The great days were over, and though I was still called upon to celebrate im- portant events, to welcome state visitors, to commemo- rate Washington's birthday and national anniversaries, it now became my painful duty 59 to toll forth, one by one, the deaths of Washington, Franklin and of those other great men to whom you owe your history and I my mem- ories. There were strange coinci- dences which marked these tollings. On the Fourth of July, 1826, the fiftieth anni- versary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independ- ence, both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams passed away, and in tears I sounded forth the sad news. That same year the last surviving signer of the great Declaration died. On July 8th, 1835, exactly 60 "He was the very last link between me and those great events in which we had both played our parts." fifty -nine years since the memorable day when I ful- filled my sacred mission, I was called upon to toll as John Marshall, Chief Justice of the nation, comrade of Washington and last of his friends, lay dead in the shadow of this steeple. He was the very last link be- tween me and the important events in which we had both played our parts, and as I solemnly tolled for his pass- ing a great loneliness came upon me, and then— my voice grew suddenly weak, and through my side there open- ed this unseemly crack, and 6i the Spirit of Liberty forsook this humble body which had ceased to be useful to her. And now you come to view me here, thus pre- served by the reverence of generations of free people. I cannot deny that your ven- eration is pleasing to me, for it is an evidence of that patriotism which is a safe- guard of your liberty. But one thing I would mention in closing. If you really have my welfare at heart, desist, I beg you, from sending me on these long and perilous journeys throughout the land. Have I not told you how, 62 with my very first long jour- ney, I developed a dislike for traveling? And, examined un- der a glass, this crack in my side has been found to extend much farther than is visible to the naked eye, so that on each journey I have made, I have been trem- blingly conscious of failing strength and an increasing danger of falling to pieces. Of course I realize what deep regard for me prompts these requests for my pres- ence, but for this place was I destined, and here would I remain! I have served you well and done my duty as 63 did your most venerated he- roes. You would not pre- sume to send their sacred remains a-journeying through- out the country, so I pray you let me also rest in peace ! 64 ^ W 9 8 o • » l^ ^^ .2i^%% Deacidjfied using the Bookkeeper process. *" v^S^BPw *4 *^,A. i-'eaciaiiiea using ine oooKKeeper proc • ^^^wElr ^ »!v^ Neutralizing Agent: Magnesium Oxide ^^^£(Ur^^ ^jN / Treatment Date: - *•"* -^ .. -.fUL ^" ^'^^ gllBBBRKEEPER ♦. -.^^/ .S''^^_ PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES. 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