LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, IMTEn STATES OF AMERICA. LIVE QUESTIONS. LIVE QUESTIONS ENGLISH BRANCHES FOR superinten1:)Ents, principals, teachers, AND STUDENTS. By J. R. SPIEGEL, A.M., SIIPKRINTKNDENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF WESTMORELAND COUNTY, PA. PHILADKLPHIA: Eldredge & Brother, 17 North Seventh St. 18 79. Mo.SkllJL kO, 1879.^ cJ^^^ vr V s b\ L^ ^>o<^^X>ic Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, By J. R. SPIEGEL, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. -o^=o^o- lu ii^t Mmt\tn WHO HAVE SO FAITHFULLY AIDED HIS ENDEAVORS TO DEVELOP AND ELEVATE THE EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF " OLD WESTMORELAND," AND EARNESTLY LABORED TO ENHANCE WHOLESOME PRECEPTS IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM, TO INSTIL INTO THE MINDS OF THEIR PUPILS PURE SENTIMENTS, CORRECT HABITS, AND USEFUL INSTRUCTION ; THIS SPIRIT OF ADVANCE]\fENT HAS ENCOURAGED THIS WORK, AND TRUSTS THE CONFIDENCE REPOSED WILL NOT BE SHAKEN, BUT STRENGTHENED, THAT GRANDER RESULTS MAY BE ACHIEVED IN THE FUTURE, •I It m WILL BE TO THEM A CHOICE TREASURE, A DESIRABLE COMPANION, WHOSE PAGES PRESENT EXCELLENT RECREATIONS IN PRAC- TICAL PROBLEMS AND IN LIVE QUESTIONS, IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY THEIR FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. -00^:^00- TN the preparation of this work, the author endeavors to ^ set before the minds of the teachers and students prin- ciples and questions which have a tendency to awaken thought and suggestion. Sixteen years of school-room life have taught the author many useful lessons concerning methods of examination. It is earnestly hoped that the work will prove a source of pleasure and profit to those who study it. Many of the questions will, no doubt, be criticized as being too difficult and impracticable ; to those who offer such criticism, the author kindly would say, " In your examination of the work do not become obnoxious by being hypercritical, but be just and "imprejudiced in giving your criticism of the matter." The questions (original and contributed) are, in the author's opinion, philosophical, important, and practical ; questions, the principles of which daily test the ability of the young teacher in the school-room, are considered by many of our leading educators fair and appropriate. The work is a com- plete handbook for Superintendents, Principals, Teachers, and Students. Any one whose duty has been to prepare different sets of examination questions, is well aware that it requires time, care, study, decision, and judgment, so (vii) Vlll PREFACE. that the queries shall be a fair test of the ability of the teachers or students. The author is desirous to have his many days of labor on the work appreciated, and to have the questions serve the purpose for which they are designed : 1. That they present a tfue and impartial dN^xd^g^ of the test to which our teachers are subjected. 2. That they will be found profitable to those who undergo examinations, because the solving of them will fasten the essential points in the English branches. 3. That Superintendents, Principals of Normal and Public Schools, will find them indispensable. 4. That the miscellaneous arrangement of most of the questions will have a tendency to imbue the mind with versatility. With the above for its mission, the work, an exhaustive manual of the English branches, goes forth inspiring the teacher with a higher, freer, and broader feeling for his profession. Acknowledgments. The author has been kindly favored by the following persons, of whom he takes great pleasure thus to publicly express his grateful acknowledgments. Prof. Calvin Townsend, for the use of his very valuable Analysis of the Constitution of the United States ; Mr. Townsend's ex- cellent work on Civil Government will greatly assist the student in obtaining the proper results to questions on Civil Government in this work (see Mr. Townsend's Civil Government). Hon. Benson J. Lossing, for valuable questions on U. S. History (see Lossing's U. S. History). PREFACE. ix Messrs. Cowperthwait & Co., for the use of the best topical analysis on U. S. History known to the author (see Berard's U. S. History). John H. French, LL.D., Principal In- diana State Normal, Pa. ; Prof. J. A. Brush, Mt. Union College, Ohio ; Prof. A. Burtt, Pittsburgh ; Miss Ralston, Pittsburgh ; Mrs. J. R. Spiegel, Prof. J. H. Rychman, Greensburg; Dr. George T. MacCord, Pittsburgh; W. H. Morrow, Manor Station, Pa. ; Prof. W. H. Ellsworth, New York, and others. References. The author consulted the leading and latest text-books on the subjects in \\\q work. On Arithnetic. — Brooks, French, Robinson, Ray, Hagar, White, Bonnycastle, Olney, Milne, Quackenbos, Greenleaf, Goff, Felter, Thompson, Dean, Singer, and many others. On English Grammar and Language. — Goold Brown, Fowler, Whitney, Bain, Siglar, Kerl, Green, Harvey, Quackenbos, Hart, Swinton, etc. On Geography. — Maury, Geike, Houston, Warren, Harper, Colton, Guyot, etc. On Orthography and Elocution. — Goold Brown, Holbrook, Wright, Shoemaker, Fenno, Lawrence, etc. On Literature. — Hart, Coppee, Westlake, Shaw, etc. On Theory and Practice. — Bain, Holbrook, Spenser, Wickersham, Hill, Johonnot, Hart, Blackie, Phelps, Page, Bates, Payne, Russel, etc. J. R. S. Greensburg, Pa., June, 1879. CONTENTS. -OO^QfcJOO- CHAPTER I. Orthography, PAGE. 1 '^ CHAPTEH II. Reading, bb CHAPTER III. Penmanshu', 59 CHAPTER IV. Arithmetic — Principles, . Arithmetical Problems, . (i.S CHAPTER V. ^ Geography, . 107 CHAPTER VI. Grammar, 130 CHAPTER VII. History of the United States, 181 (xi) xii CONTENTS. CHAPTEFv VIII. t'AGE. Theory and Practice of Teaching, .... 226 CHAPTER IX. Civil Government, . . 237 CHAPTER X. History of Pennsylvania, 262 CHAPTER XI. Literature, 271 CHAPTER XII. Draaving, . .283 CHAPTER XIII. Analysis of Sentences, 289 ^1'^^ Live Questions ON THE ENGLISH BRANCHES. -." 204. Give rule for words ending with '■'■ ceoiis'" or '■'■ cious.'''' ORTHOGRAPHY. 21 205. Give rule when we should use ^^ able,'''' and when '' ibler 20(). (jive rule for final ''/" of a radical word. 207. (rive rule for words ending in "/" or "/^." 208. (jive rule for words ending in "/^," preceded by a consonant. 209. Give rule for words ending in '■'■ ble,"" before the suf- fixes '^//j'" and '' ities:' 210. Give rule for words ending in any other consonants than f, /, or s. Name exceptions. 211. What is the rule for monosyllables ending in/, /, or s? 212. What is the rule for words ending in 'V;-" or "c-r" ? 218. Give methods how you would put the above rules into practice. 214. At what stage in the course of our common-school studies would you have your pupils commit and practice the above rules ? 215. Name the different methods of teaching spelling. 210. Which do you prefer, the written or oral method ? 217. Is spelling a gift or an ac([uisition ? 218. What do you mean by vocalic consonants? 210. What do you mean by consonantal vowels? 22(1. What history do we observe in the words heathen ; pagan ; sacrament ; legend ; leopard ; Methodist ; tribulation : tantalize ; whig ; tory ; silhouette ; knave; share; shear: stock; post; ringleader; panic ; nun ? 221. Give examples of final cognates. 222. What do you mean by one impulse of the voice ? 22H. Are the sounds of a language fewer than its words ? 224. In how many different ways can the letters of the al- phabet be combined ? 225. What name is 'given to the sound of a letter? and what epithet to a letter not sounded ? 226. How are words distinguished in regard to species and figure ^ 99 LIVE QUESTIONS. 227. Why is it difficult to learn to spell accurately ? 228. Why should the different sorts of letters be ke])t dis- tinct ? 229. What is said of the slanting strokes in Roman letters ? 230. For what purpose are italics chiefly used ? -oo>a>. How is the demi-cesural pause indicated? 77. Upon what does the length of grammatical and rhe- torical pauses depend ? 78. Name the kinds of gestures. Make them. 58 LIVE QUESTIONS. 79. Define the terms elocution, intonation. . Analyze /, ni, S, D. 7. How many forms are used in writing? 8. Name and define these forms. !.). What do you understand by a system of penman- ship ? 10. What system do you teach ? 1 1 . Do you practice the system you teach ? 12. How do you classify letters ? 18. Into how many classes do you divide the alphabet? 14. Name the letters of each class in the order of their relation. 15. By what are the letters of a class distinguished from each other? 1(). What is ^principle or type in penmanship? 17. How many different elementary marks are used in writing? Define them. 18. What is a characteristic in writing? 1!>. How many different types are required to construct the alphabet ?* (59) 60 LIVE (lUESTIOXS. 20. Point out the (yj>es used in forming /, c, n, x, k, A, T, W, £>, G. 21. Point out the characteristics of the above letters. 22. Are the forms of letters ever varied or duplicated ? 23. Name and make the forms. 24. In combining letters in words, how is their relation shown ? 25. Can all the small letters be made and combined with- out lifting the pen ? 26. Write the word mixed. 27. What scale of proportions do you use for the lengths of letters ? Widths ? 28. How many different lengths of letters compose the alphabet ? 29. What name do you give to the shortest class? The longest? The middle? 30. Are there any exceptions to this classification by lengths ? 81. Name and explain the exceptions. 32. What position do letters occupy with regard to the base line? 33. What degrees of slant are used in writing ? Illustrate them. 34. What is uniformity ? 35. What is its application to writing? 36. Which is the most important in penmanship, uniformity or variety? 37. What is your rule for spacing letters, words, and sen- tences ? 38. What is the difference between standard and current capitals ? 39. Which of the above should be taught first? 40. How many movements do you teach in writing? 41. Name and illustrate them. Which is the most em- ployed? 42. Wliich is the most free? Which is the most tireless? PENMA XSIIIF. 61 43. Where should the arms rest in writing? The hands? The pen ? The thumb ? 44. Which side should be turned to the desk ? 45. How do you prevent pupils from bending their bodies in writing ? 4(). Do you teach shading? What are your rules for shading? 47. Do most practical writers shade ? 48. How do you classify pupils in penmanship? 40. Do you teach any other subject during the writing- hour? 50. How often, and how long at a time, do you give your writing lessons ? 51. Do you /I'^e to teach penmanship? 52. What is the line of beauty? 53. Would you (question your pupils daily upon the analysis of letters ? 54. Should writing in all cases be a daily exercise ? 55. Give a rule for small letters. 5G. What hour would you have for writing ? 57. Are all the short letters of equal height ? Give the ex- ceptions. 58. By what principles are capital letters made? 51). Would you have a system of marking, by which every pupil may become his own critic, in writing exer- cises? 60. What is the object of shading? 01. Give your method of teaching pupils to hold the pen properly. 02. Define the muscular movement. ()3. What is practically the most difficult step in the art of writing? 04. Where should the shade be thickest upon the curves of capital letters ? 05. What is the unit of measure of slant ? 62 LIVK QUESTIONS. (JO. Should the spaces between letters be greater than be- tween their parts ? ()7. Point out and analyze the ///ws of beauty in 6" and L. Note. — The teaclier sliould always study his pupils' ditticulties in writing. Let the teacher write the copy as his pupils are trying to. Find out if possible the obstacles they have to encounter. Give your writing class as much attention as you do your Arithmetic, Geography, or Grammar classes. Make frequent use of the blackboard. Give them frequent exercises in nioveinent. An interest of this kind on your part will soon awaken their perceptions, and when they once gain a true idea of the letters, a zest for writing is cultivated, and, instead of a task, writing becomes a pleasure. CHAPTER IV. Arithmetic. (Principles. 1. What is mathematics? 2. What is the basis of mathematics? 13. Define quantity ; number ; magnitude. 4. What is arithmetic? Define the term. 5. What does arithmetic embrace? (I. Define a principle; an axiom; a theorem ; a demon- stration ; a problem ; a solution ; and a rule. 7. What is a number? What a unit ? 8. What is a concrete number ? 9. What is an abstract number ? 10. Give Newton's definition of number. What is your opinion of it? 11. What is a prime number? What a composite? 12. What is the power of a number? 18. What is one, and what is the difference between a miin- ber and 2i figure? 14. Upon what is the Roman notation founded ? 15. What are the component factors of a number? 1<). Give the difference between the simple and local value of a figure ? 17. When are numbers prime to each other? 18. What is the reciprocal of a number? 11). What is the difference between a common measure and the greatest common measure? (03) CA LIVK QUESTIONS. 20. What is multiple? '1\. What is the difference between a comnion niiiltii^le and least common multiple? 22. What does the numerator show? The denominator? 23. What is an integer? 24. Define similar numbers ; dissimilar numbers. 25. Name the general classes of numbers treated of in arithmetic. 2(). Wdiat is the fundamental idea of arithmetic? 27. What are the fundamental processes of arithmetic? 28. What is the difference between notation and numera- tion ? 20. What is a scale? ^M^at a decimal scale? I>0. What is the difference between a uniform and a vary- ing scale? 81. \\'hat do you mean by the orders of units? 82. Define the decimal system of numeration. 33. Define the Arabic system of notation. 34. Define the radix of. the scale. 35. Under how many heads may the processes of arithmetic be considered? 3(i. Are addition and muUijilicafion synthetic or analytic processes ? 37. Are subtraction and division analytic or synthetic ])ro- cesses ? 38. How many systems of notation in general use ? 31). What is the exact meaning of the word notation / 40. (iive the principal ways in which ciuantity can be (-on- sidered. 41. Distinguish between number and quantity. 42. Distinguish between rules and operations. 43. Wliich is correct : "increase in a tenfold ratio," or " in- crease in a tenfold^^roportion ? " ^\'hy? 44. W1iat is a definition ? Define the term. 45. Is the square root of 2 a quantity ? 40. Show how division is a special case of subtraction. ARJTHMKTTC. 65 47. What do you mean by long and short division? 48, Why should short division precede long division ? 41). How do you determine the vahie of a fraction ? 50. Show why we invert the divisor in division of fractions. 51. What is a multiplication table? 52. Ciive the principle upon which cancellation is founded. 5)i. When should the sign — be affixed to a fraction in decimal operations? 54. Read correctly the following: i>.500 -| , and 2 X 64.874—. 55. Show, by example, the truth of the principle upon which the processes in L. C. M. are founded. 50. State the principle which underlies the G. C. D. 57. What do you mean by reduction of fractions? 58. When is a fraction reduced to higher terms? 59. Can you find the product of two decimals by a con- tracted multiplication ? If so, how? 00. Can you find the quotient of one decimal by another by a contracted division ? 01. Define circulating decimals ; a repetend. 02. How do you find L. C. M. of circulating decimals? 63. How do you find G. C. D. of circulating decimals? 04. Multiplication is a short method of addition. If this be true, why can you not say 3 -f 15 -[- :^ 24 is a multiplication ? 65. Why do we point off, in a product, as many decimal places as there are in both multiplicand and multi- plier? 00. Define similar and dissimilar fractions. 67. What do we do with dissimilar fractions before adding them? 68. Give your plan of adding mixed numbers. 09. What do we do with dissimilar fractions before sub- tracting them ? 70. In multiplying a fraction by an integer, what ])rinci]jlcs underlie the process ? ( ;({ LI V E QUEST 10 X S. 71. What kind of numbers can have relation to each other? 72. In dividing a fraction by an integer, what princii)le underlies the process. 7o. What are continued fractions? Wliat is currency? 7 1-. Distinguish between decimal and common fractions. 75. What do you mean by aliquot parts ? 76. Distinguish between a compound and denominate number. 77. Define a pure, a mixed, a complex decimal. 78. What does the decimal point show? 79. Why does the principle for finding the L. C. M. re- quire prime numbers for divisors? 80. In finding the G. C. D. of two numbers, why do you divide the divisors by the remainders resi)ectively preceding ? 81. Where did we get the abbreviations lb., oz., d., £, pwt., cwf., cong. ; and the characters ,^, o, 5 ? 82. Is there a standard for securing accuracy in weights and measures? If so, what and where is it? 83. State the difference between old style and new style. 84. How many inches in a wine gallon ? In a beer gallon ? 85. What are duodecimals? Who is the author of deci- mals ? 86. Show how we multiply by a number a little less than a unit of the next higher order. 87. Show, by example, how we multiply when one part of the multiplier is a factor of another part. 88. Show, by example, how we multiply by a number which is an aliquot part of some higher unit. 89. Define a solar, a sidereal, an astronomical, a fiscal, a Julian, a bissextile year. What kind of a fraction is.324i? 90. How many pounds in 5 fothers? 91. How fast should a man, starting at 6 o'clock a.m., travel westward, so that when it is noon with him it shall be o'clock p. m. where he started ? ARITHMETIC. (17 92. How fast should a man travel eastward, so as to have his timepiece " one-(]iiarter of a day behind" at the expiration of a day? 03. What do we mean by per cent. ? What by per- centage ? 94. Define commission ; brokerage; corporation; stock. 95. What is the difference l)etween a consignee and a consigner ? 96. What is the difference between a charter and a firm ? 97. When is stock at par? When below par? 98. Name the common aliquot parts of 10. 99. What is a debt ? What is a compound denominate number ? How many numerical scales are there ? 100. Tell what we mean by a credit ; a debtor ; a creditor ; a bill ; the footing of a bill ; an account. 101. Distinguish between ratio and proportion. 102. Show, by example, that a proportion is an equality of ratios. 108. Give a rule for compound proportion, and demon- strate it. 104. What is the difference between percentage and in- terest ? 105. What is the difference between compound proportion and arbitration of exchange ? 106. Give the difference between commission in buying and commission in selling. 107. Name some of the common abbreviations used in business correspondence. 108. What is money? and of how many kinds is it? 109. What is specie? What is paper money? 110. Define space ; aline; a surface ; a solid. 111. What are the measures of capacity? 112. Describe a mint. And what do we mean by an alloy ? 113. What are the ordinary coins? and also state of what the coin of the United States money consists. 114. When was the ['New Coinage Act'' passed? 68 LI VE Q UESTTO NS. 115. What do we mean by Trade Dollar ? For what pur- pose is it designed ? 116. How many cubic inches are there in a gallon of water ? 117. How many pounds in a long ton? and how many grains are there in an Avoirdupois pound ? How many in a Troy pound ? 118. What is the utiit of measure in duodecimals? and what is the scale ? 119. What is the unit of land measure? and into what shaped tracts are Government lands usually sur- veyed ? 120. What are these tracts called, and how many acres in a tract? 121. What is the unit of measure for solids ? How is masonry estimated ? 122. ^\idX\'i?i board foot? 123. What is the difference between the United States bushel and the Imperial bushel of Great Britain ? 124. Taking 2150.4 cu. in. for a bushel, can you give some convenient dimensions which can be taken, by a common 24-inch rule, for making a bushel box and a peck box, which shall differ very slightly from true measures ? 125. Illustrate, by example, a rule for finding the amount to be insured at a given rate so as to cover a given amount and premium. 126. What is given to find the rate per cent. ? 127. Define legal interest; annual interest; compound in- terest ; usury ; accurate interest. 128. Given the rate per cent., time, and amount; how do we find the interest? 129. What is the difference between true discount and bank discount ? 180. What is the principal for the common rule of equa- tion of payments ? Define commercial discount. 181. Name the five fundamental cases in percentage. ARITHMETIC. {]<) VS'2. Show, by example, how the compound interest table is formed ; and give rule for computing compound interest. 133. What are partial payments ? What is an indorse- ment ? 134. What is the difference between the mercantile rule and the United States rule? Give the jjrinciple of Connecticut rule. 135. Define a promissory note ; a negotiable note. 136. What do we mean by the terms maker, payee, holder, indorser ? State when a note is not negotiable. 137. Write a negotiable note, and transfer it by indorse- ment. 138. The principle upon which bank discount is computed, is it right or wrong, in your opinion ? Define present worth.* 139. What is the difference between a check and a draft ? 140. Write a check ; a draft. Define a protest. 141. What is a notary public ? 142. Define the proceeds of a note. 143. What is a tax? Real estate? Personal property? A property tax ? A personal tax ? An assessor ? An assessment roll ? 144. What do you mean by a savings-bank ? 145. What is stock-jobbing? An instalment? An assess- ment ? 140. What are net earnings? What is a dividend? A bond ? , 147. What is the difference between the par value and market value ? 148. How many kinds of U. S. bonds are there ? 149. What is a coupon? What do you mean by 'Megal tender ? ' ' 150. State how taxes are levied, and the individual taxes computed. 151. Distinguish between analysis and position. 70 LIVE QUESTIONS. 152. Is position applicable to questions in simple interest? 153. Distinguish between abbreviation and contraction, as the terms are commonly used by arithmeticians. 154. Define specific duty ; ad valorem duty ; tare ; leak- age and breakage ; custom-houses. 155. In what is the interest of all Government bonds pay- able? 156. What is insurance? Fire insurance? Marine and inland insurance ? 157. Define the policy ; the premium. 158. What is an endowment policy ? An accident or health policy? 159. How are Government securities designated ? 160. What is a port of entry ? A clearance? A manifest? 161. What is a tariff? What is free trade? 162. What do we mean by averaging payments? 163. What is the average time ? The term of credit ? 164. Define partnership. Who are partners ? 165. What do we mean by equated time? By focal date? 166. What is the reciprocal of a ratio? 167. Define the terms couplei, antecedents, consequents, extremes, means. 168. Distinguish between simple proportion and compound proportion. And what do we mean by a state- ment ? 169. Explain an example in compound proportion by cause and effect. 170. What do we mean by the resources of a firm ? The liabilities ? The net capital ? 171. Define alligation ; and distinguish between alligation medial and alligation alternate. 172. Distinguish between a direct and an inverse propor- tion. 173. What is a power ? How are powers named ? 174. What is an exponent? Distinguish between involu- tion and evolution. ARITHMETIC. 7] 175. What is a root? and how are roots named? 176. What is the difference between a perfect power and an imperfect power ? 177. How are decimals pointed off in square or cube root ? 178. How do you find the root of a decimal ? Of a com- mon fraction ? 179. Solve an example in square root ; an example in cube root. 180. Define a series ; an arithmetical progression ; a geo- metrical progression. 181. Show, by an example, how we find the sum of an arithmetical and a geometrical series. 182. What is mensuration? A line? A straight line? A curved line ? /Vn angle ? A vertex of an angle ? 183. Is it correct to say that length multiplied by breadth produces area ? \ 84. Which is greater, an arithmetical mean between two different quantities, or di geometrical vaQd^n} 185. Define a polygon; a triangle; a parallelogram; a circle ; a radius of a circle ; the circumference of a circle ; a diagonal of a figure ; the perimeter of a figure. 186. How is the area of a triangle, a parallelogram, a trapezium, a trapezoid, a regular polygon, a circle, computed ? 187. What is a solid ? A prism ? A parallelopipedon ? A cylinder ? A pyramid ? A cone ? A frustum ? Sphere ? The altitude of a solid ? The convex surface of a solid ? A radius of a sphere ? 188. Show, by example, how you find the convex surface of a prism or cylinder ; a frustum of a pyramid or cone. 189. Show, by example, how you find the volume of 'a prism or cylinder ; a frustum of a pyramid or cone. 1 90. How do we find the solidity of a sphere ? 191. What is the metric system? 72 LI V A' V U E S T I O X S. 102. Wow OiX^ i\\<:i Jiigher denominations in the metric sys- tem expressed ? and how the lower denominations ? H)3. What is the unit of length? The unit of surface ? The unit of iwlume ? The unit of capacity ? The //;/// of weight ? 1!)4. What is the base of the metric system ? 105. How long is the meter? H)(). What is longitude? and what a meridian? 107. What places have sunrise at the same time? Noon at the same time? Midnight at the same time? lOS. (}ive the rule for finding the difference in time when the difference in longitude of two places is given. 100. Give the rule for finding the difference in longitude of two places, when their difference in time is given. 200. What digit can aj)i)ear both in the order of tens and of units in a s(|uare number? Ai'ithnietical ProbleiTis. 1. Reduce to the smiijlest lorm . X -. ■ -^ .• .05 .021(; .00027 2. How many acres in a square field, the diagonal of which is HO rods longer than a side? 3. Reduce to the simplest form 1 1 .00-i 2 70"6i ~57 .41| ^'2 ^ " 1^" ^ .03f ^ .5()i 8 7211 "35^ 4. If I had bought at 25 . I bought a farm for $20(10, agreeing to pay princii)al and interest in three equal annual instalments. What is the annual payments, interest 6 ^/f, ? 7. A conical wineglass, which is brimful, measures across the mouth G inches, and in depth 8 inches. What amount of water will run over if a sphere 4 inches in diameter be put in it ? 8. Find the highest common divisor of .91|, .18f, .871 .121 1). Find the highest common divisor of .138, .()G3492, .3i. 10. The highest common divisor of three numbers is 15, and their lowest common multiple is 450. What are the numbers ? 10 -^- 11. — !^of-^of what number, diminished by ^^ 3 10 -^- '71 J_ 7_ leaves --- • (i4 12. How much less will it cost to fence 32 A. 64 P. in the form of a circle than in the form of a square ? and how much less in a square form than in a form of a rec- tangle, whose length is 4 times its width, the price in each case being $1.50 per rod? 13. The first term of a geometrical progression is 1, the last term 15,(325, and the number of terms 7. Find the common ratio. 14. If 12 men can empty a cistern, into which water is running at a uniform rate, in 40 minutes, and 15 men can empty the same in 30 minutes, how long will it require 18 men to empty it? 15. An old toper bought a barrel of whiskey, but sus- pecting the dealer had sold him water for whiskey, weighed the lic^uor to see if he were cheated. As it contained 252 pounds, and a gallon of whiskey he considered 7.73 pounds, 74 LIVE (QUESTIONS. and water 8.o(J pounds, how much should his figures show for the number of gallons of water in the barrel ? 16. Find the thirds in a \, the /tint/is in |- and f to a fraction whose numerator shall be 8. Take the^sum of these fractions and name the result. 17. At what times between (5 and 7 o'clock are the hour- hand and minute-hand 20 minutes apart? 18. Divide .236 pwt. by 6.109 gr. 19. Find the L. C. M. of 10 minutes . 1 second ; 1 hour 10 minutes .7 seconds; 1.5 hour 1 second. 20. If 24 pipes, each delivering 6 gallons a minute, fill a cistern 8 feet long, 6 feet wide, and 5 feet deep, in 12|4 minutes, how many pipes, each flowing 8 gallons a minute, will fill a cistern 10 feet long, 7 feet wide, and 9 feet deep, in 21j^ minutes? .08i , .71 21. Divide (99 + .7i-.4-JV)X -.Tr^y •^-^- 22. The amount of a certain sum at interest, 12 ^/c, was just o times the principal. What was the time? 23. There is a tree 80 feet in heiglit, standing by the bank of a river 60 feet wide. ^Vhere must this tree break off so that the top will reach across the river, while the broken parts remain in contact ? 24. There is a rectangular box 8 feet long, 3 feet wide, and 2 feet deep. What must be the width and depth of another rectangular box of the same length that shall con- tain 768 cubic feet, provided they are in the same propor- tion? 25. Reduce to its simplest form .003 + .O j-^ 5i + ^y-.7 i fof 6.6|--.0f' (4+ 3.41)- Of 26. Extract the cube root of the following y:09+ V .25 — |A04 X 1/^36 , ^09+(l^25-l ^T04)Xl^^' 27. Find the number of men required to dig a ceHar 40.5 feet long, 28.5 feet wide, 8.25 feet deep, in 10 days of 9.8 ARITHMETIC. 75 hours each, if 8 men can dig a cellar 27 feet long, 14.25 feet wide, 5.5 feet deep in 7.5 days of 8.4 hours each. 28. When Gen. Tom Thumb was 5 years old he measured 2 feet in height, and weighed 1() pounds. What would be the weight of a man of similar form who was 6 feet tall ? 29. What are the contents in barrels of a cistern in the form of an inverted frustum of a cone, the diameter of the bottom being 4 feet, that of the top 10 feet, and the depth 8 feet? 3(1. How much square-edged inch lumber can be cut from a log 28 inches in diameter and 12 feet long? 31. A., B., and C, are to share $100,000 in the pro- portion of \, \, and \, respectively; but C.'s part being lost by his death, it is required to divide the whole sum properly between the other two. 32. A merchant sold goods to a certain amount on a com- mission of 4 '/f , and having remitted the net proceeds to the owner, received \ ^-/c for prompt payment, which amounted to $15.00. What was the amount of his com- mission ? 33. What was the tonnage of Noah's ark, admitting its length to have been 470 feet, its breadth 80 feet, and its depth 48 feet? 34. James received a draft for $60, which cost J ^/a to get it cashed ; what should have been the face, that I might have realized $60 ? 35. Mr. S. K. Henrie sold on commission goods to the amount of $2375; having deducted 3*/^ as commission, he remitted a draft at 60 days for $2282.07 ; what was the rate of exchange? 3(). What will be the cost of a sight draft on Philadel- phia for $550 at f f/c premium, and a 30-day draft for $2000 at 1 ^jc premium ? 37. If I buy railroad stock at 20 '^/c discount, and sell at 10 */(, premium, what per cent, do I gain ? 38. Which is the better investment, U. S. 5's at 75 , leaves 16 for a remainder, and, when divided by 15, leaves (» for a remainder. 99. Having the side of a cube, how can you find its diagonal? 100. What digit can appear both in the order of tens and of units, in a square number? 101. What is the inside measure of a cubic box which shall contain exactly 2 bushels? 1 02. Paid an agent $0.70 cartage and $27 freight on $6300 worth of goods; his entire bill was $0680.20. What was the rate per cent, of his commission ? 1 03. A man rents a house at $300 a year, i)ayable monthly, in advance ; the rent remains unpaid for 3 years. What is the interest due at 6 % ? 104. What is the face of a draft payable 00 days after sight, that will cost $052,925^ exchange H ^/r, and interest '/r ? 105. The monthly instalment on a building association share is $1. What is a share worth at ^/f, interest at the ex[)iration of 4 years? ARITHMETIC. R1 10(1. What is the G. C. D. of 174, I8-I-, and ^„"^^^? 71 107. What is the L. C. M. of IG^, 18i, and ^\ ? 108. When a $5 bill is worth $4.44f in gold, what is the premium on gold ? loo. I buy two loans of 15 shares each in 1st and 5th series, at the beginning of the 5th series, at $9 and "stated premium," gross plan. What rates of interest shall I pay if both series run out in 91 years ? 110. What equated rate per cent, of profit has been made by the 4th series of the Greensburg Building Association, if at the end of 28 months it is worth $38.2(j a share ? in. Find the value of ----.-^-._^,^^-X). 112. The net proceeds of a shipment of hay, sold at $14 per ton, after deducting a commission of 8 (/o, and $500 for other charges, were $C),290. How many tons of hay were shipped? 118. If a cistern 191 feet long, lOi feet wide, and 12 feet deep, hold 540 barrels, how many barrels will a cistern contain that is 18 feet long, 9 feet wide, and 15 feet deep ? 114. James Jones owes three notes to John Samuels ; one of $2(m, due in 8 months ; another of $200, due in 16 months ; and the third of $400, due in two years. Should the three notes be converted into two notes of equal amount, one to run one-half as long as the other, when ought they to be made payable ? 115. A. owes B. $500, payable in 4 months ; at the close of 2 months he wishes to make such a payment as will ex- tend the time of the balance to one year. AVhat must be the payment? 116. If $600 gain $72 in 1 year and 6 months, in what time will $850 gain $189,881? 117. A rectangular piece of land, containing 8 acres 72 82 LIVE QUESTIONS. square rods, is half as wide as it is long. What is the distance around it ? 118. The longitude of Springfield, Mass., is 72^85'45" W., and Constantinople 28^49' E. When it is o'clock A.M. at the latter place, what time is it at the former? 110. A person travelled from New York to Harrisburg in 12 days, walking 4 miles the first day, G miles the second, S miles the third, and so on. How far is Harrisburg from New York ? 120. Find the value of 1.0125-^ correct to the 4th deci- mal place. 121. How many strokes of a common clock are struck in 24 hours ? 122. A man wishes to inclose a circular field which shall contain ^^^th as many acres as it will require rails to build a fence around it ; the rails being 15 feet long, and the fence (! rails high. How many acres must there be in the field? 128. A.'s money was to B.'s as 2 to 8 ; when A. spent $40, and B. had spent 40 ^f more than A., A.'s money, minus $20, was to B.'s money, plus $2, as 4 to 0. How much had each at first ? 124. A cistern 15 feet deep, will hold 5,040.102 gallons. What is its diameter? 125. In how many different ways may the letters of the alphabet be arranged, taking 15 each time? 3 of 41 120. Reduce ^ ^ of 4j-. 51^/. to the fraction of ^ of P\l_ _!_ * •' 127. The area drained by the ponds and lakes which supply the city of Brooklyn with water is 62i square miles, upon which the average annual fall of rain is 38|- inches; the average daily supply to the city is 20,000,000 gallons. How much water falls for every gallon conveyed to the city ? 128. If 872 men, in 7^ days of 11 hours each, dig a canal of 7 degrees of hardness, 810 yards long, 5i yards wide, and 2^ yards deep, in how many days of 8 hours ARITHMKTIC. 83 earli will 27 men dig a canal of -1 degrees of hardness, 270 yards, 7 yards wide, and 3^ yards deep? 120. A grocer cut off from a cheese a segment which took i of the circumference, and weighed -A pounds. What did the whole cheese weigh ? 130. At what time, first after 3 o'clock, will the hands of a watch be at right angles ? 131. What is the interest of 17 cents for 1 month and 13 days, at 5^ per cent, per annum ? 132. One number divided by another gives a quotient of 10.24; the product of the two is 6400. What are the numbers? 133. A man put out his money at 5^.. At the end of the first year he received $100, which paid the interest and a portion of the principal ; at the end of the second year he received $170, to a like effect ; the third year, $400 ; and the fourth, $500. Then there were due him only $75.17. How much did he put out on interest? 134. Stock bought at 15''/. discount pays "i^'^^'/c on in- vestment. To what premium should it now rise to pay G'/r on investment ? 135. The four sides of a field, whose diagonals are ecjuid to each other, are 25, 35, 31, and 10 poles, respectively. What is the area? 136. What equal annual payments will, in ten years, pay the principal and interest of $1000 at 6% ? 137. How should goods that cost $l.cSO be marked, so that the merchant may take off 10%, and still make 20''/ ? 138. The difference in time between Rome and Buff"alo is 6 hours 5 minutes 28i|- seconds ; Rome is in 12^27' 14" East longitude. What is the longitude of Buffalo? 139. A., B.^ and C, start from the same place to travel around an island, a distance of 84 miles; A. travels 21 miles a day, B. i as far as A., both in the same direction, and C. travels twice as far as B. each day, in the opposite direction. Wlien will they all be together? 84 ■ LIVE qUESTlO N S. 140. A.'s capital was to B.'s as 7 is to 0, but after each, by trading, had added $20 to his amount, their capital stood in the ratio of 13 to 10. How much had each at first? 141. Two adjoining farms rent for $400 a year, rent being ],)aid in the one case semi-annually, and in the other quar- terly. What would be the difference in the amount of the rent of each for 25 years, interest 8 ^/ ? 142. How many shares can be bought for $1145 in U. S. 5-20' s at 114f, brokerage i ^/f ? 143. Find the par value, and the number of shares of Kansas O's bought at 18 % discount, and sold at 10^ ^/p discount at a gain of $140, brokerage each way \ '/c- 144. What sum must I invest in U. S. 5's of 1881 at 1 10 J, brokerage i %, to give $1000? 145. Find the rate per cent, realized from U. S. 5-20's bought at 1 14J , brokerage -§• % • 140. If I invest $10,000 in U. S. 10-40'sat 115, when gold is worth 1121, what rate per cent, do I receive on my in- vestment ? 41. I 7JL 71 v 4-1- 1-1-1 147. Find the value of , I "^ l; -^ J-^-^ X v-^ 0 months, and if the interest thus accruing be put on interest at f of the former rate, for 4 years 3 months and 18 days, it will amount to $029. How much money has each, if 2|- of A.'s ])art of the principal is f of B.'s, and {f of B.'s part of the principal is ^ of C. 's ? 100. The interest of the sum of ^ of A.'s and -| of B.'s fortune, for a certain time, at 2 per cent., was to this sum as 9 to 250 ; and the amount of this interest for 25 times as long, at 10 times as great a per cent., was $180. What 86 /> / VE Q UE S TIO NS. was eacli of the fortunes, })rovi(led A.'s fortune was to H.'s as 1 to 3? And how long was the first on interest? 1(51. If John is 85 years old, and his father is Gd, how long since John's age was ^V the age of his father? What was then the age of John and of the father ? 1()2. Two boats leave a wharf at the same time for the same point ; it takes one boat 10 hours to reach it, and the other boat sails 5 times as fast going, and 10 times as fast returning. When do they meet ? 168. John said to James: "My age is 10 years more thiwi yours ; l3ut 6 years ago my age was ~\ of what yours will be 6 years hence." What was the age of each? 164. A staff, whose length is 38 feet, is in the air and water; and the length in the air, — 2 feet, equals 4 times the length in the water, -|- 6 feet. Recj^uired, the length in the air. 165. I had $50, and after spending some of it, what I had left was ^V of what 1 had spent. How much had I left ? 166. The parallel sides of a trapezoid are respectively 10 rods and 8 rods, and the altitude () rods. What is its area? 167. What would tlie lumber cost, at $40 per 1000, to build such a vat, if the sides were of l.V-inch plank, and the bottom was 2-inch plank ? 168. What is the volume of a frustum of a pyramid the lower base of which is 20 feet square, the upper base 10 feet scjuare, and the altitude 20 feet? 169. How much water will fiU^a tube of 1 inch diameter of bore and 1 mile long? 170. If a pole 10 feet long casts a shadow 18 feet long, what is the length of a pole which' will cast a shadow 62^ feet long at the same time? 171. If cost had been 100 f/^ more, gain would have been 100 '/( less. What was the gain per cent. ? 172. Henry sold goods at 100 ^ gain ; but if he had given $15 more for them his gain would have been only 20 (/c. What did the goods cost him? ARITHMETIC. 87 178. What is the liour, if | of the time since 7| o'clock A.M. ecjiials }, of the time to iV.J o'clock p.m. ? 174. What must be the height of a range of wood which is lif) meters long, 1.12 meters wide, to contain 85 steres ? 175. When wine is 2 francs a liter, what is it a gallon in United States money, the value of a franc being lO^y cents ? 17(1. If a ball of thread 4 inches in diameter should be reduced to half that diameter, what part of the thread will remain ? 177. Find the square root of ^|, to within less than y-Q^-jj. 178. What is a mean proportional between 7 and 252 ? 171). Express as a series .135185 -| , in which the figures 185 continually repeat in the same order. bSO. Express a common fraction in its lowest terms the circulate .27. 181. Express as a mixed decimal .2251). 182. Mr. Horner slaughtered three fat oxen, wliose aver- age live weight was 1550 pounds. He j)aid for them $225, and sold the meat at 8^ cents per pound. How much did lie gain ? 188. When corn is 50 cents a bushel it costs to raise pork (i cents a pound, net weight. I have 5 fat hogs, fed when corn was 50 cents per bushel, whose average live weight is 540 pounds. How much should they bring when dressed to net me $5 each ? 184. How many common brick, laid on edge, will be required to pave a walk 89 feet long and 8 feet wide ? How many days will it take a bricklayer to lay them in cement? 185. A beam 8 inches deep, supported at the ends and loaded in the middle, will just sustain 4000 pounds. How much more would it sustain if its depth were 10 inches? I8(i. 1 invested $1460 in 4^- per cents at 100^-, and sold when they had fallen, losing $100, inclusive of the double brokerage of ^ '/c. At what price did I sell ? 187. Area of France is 58027804 hectares; express this area in square miles. 88 • LIVE Q U E S T JON S. 188. Find in kilometers the length of a tunnel 2 miles 03 chains 18 yards long, 181). How many times as strong is a joist 2}j inches wide and 12 inches deep, as one 3^ inches wide and i) inches deep? 190. How many half-inch spherical musket-balls can be made of 25 pounds of lead ? 191. How many times as strong is a joist 1") inches dee]) and 2.V inches thick, when sup})orted on its narrow side as when supported on its broad side ? 192. My watch and chain cost y as much as my watch ; o times the price of my chain -j twice the price of my watch = $190. What did each cost ? 191). How many circular openings ^V^^^ ^^ '"^^^ '^^^'^^ ^^^ diameter will let out from a shower-bath the water running in through a ])ipe of | inch bore? 194. How many pounds of sheet-zinc, weighing o i)oun(ls to the square foot, will line the bottom and sides of a tank 8 X 10 feet and 2^ feet high? 195. The age of A. is | of the age of 1)., and the sum of their ages -| half the age of B. ■= twice the age of A. — 2 years. AVhat is the age of each ? 190. A. and B. together can do a job of work in K! days ; they work 4 days, when A. leaves, and B. finishes the work in 8() days more. In how many days can each do it? 197. Two men formed a partnership for 1 year ; the first put in $100, and the second $200. How much must the first put in at the end of months to entitle him to half of the profits ? 198. I sold goods at 100 r/^ gain ; had they cost $50 more I should have gained ooj- ^/o. What did they cost? 199. If cost had been 5 ^/o less, gain would have been % more. What was the gain per cent. ? 200. At a (piarter to 4 o'clock, how many minutes before the minute-hand overtakes the hour-hand ? 201. I bought some books at wholesale price, which was ARITHMETIC. 89 \ off from list or retail prices, and was allowed a further discount of 5 ^'/o for cash. Find the net cash price of books worth $Hl(l retail. 202. The interest of the sum of \ of ^Simpson's, f of I^vyer's, and /'^ of Domer's fortunes, for 3 years 7 months and G days, at 10 %, is such as will in the same time, at half the rate per cent. , amount to $5o I. What is the fortune of each, provided l\ times Domer's part of the principal equals | of Eyer's, and -^-^ of Eyer's part of the principal equals i of Simpson's? 208. If a third of (> be ?>, what will a fourth of 20 be? 204. If 3 be a third of G, what will a fourth of 20 be? 205. James is 40 years old, and Alfred is 2. In how many years will Alfred be half as old as James? 206. The area of the bottom of a cubical cistern is 12^ square feet. If two pipes connect with this cistern which will fill it in 10 and 12 minutes respectively, also another which will empty it in 15 minutes, how many cubic feet will be filled by leaving all three pipes open for 5 minutes? 207. How far is it from one of the lower corners of a cubical box, measuring 6 feet on each side, to the opposite upper corner ? 208. Joseph, selling a lot, gains a certain per cent. Had the lot cost 10 ''/ less, and sold for the same, his per cent, of gain (on the new base) would have exceeded the former rate by 101. What is his per cent, of profit ? 200. The largest bottle in the world is supposed to have been made 'in Leith, Scotland. It was cylindrical, 40 inches in diameter, and 42 inches in height. How many United States wine gallons did it hold? 210. Find the solid contents of a cone 12 inches high, and 15 inches in diameter at the base. 211. The frustum of a pyramid has a slant height of 40 feet, a top 15 feet square, and abase 50 feet square. Re- quired, the convex surface. By how much does the entire surface exceed that of the frustum of a cone whose slant s* 00 LIVE QUESTIONS. height is 3 yards, the radius of its base being (I feet, and the radius of its top (> inches? 212. If 5 bushels 2 pecks 4 quarts of barley are sold for £1 lOj-. G^/., how much, at the same rate, would $100 buy, £1 being equivalent to $4.8005? 213. The net proceeds of a bankrupt's assets are $819.50 ; his liabilities are $149,000; A. and B. together receive as their share of the dividend $19,591. What was the original claim of each, if B.'s claim was 30 f/c of A.'s? 214. With gold at 113, which pays the better interest on an investment: U. S. currency O's at 116|, or 5-20's at 1201 ; and how much ? 215. What is the cube of .3? What is the reciprocal of 2.8? 21G. What fraction equals 3.03—1.04 ? 217. If A. and B., with C, working half time, can build a wall in 21 days ; B. and C, with D., working half time, in 24 days; C. and D., with A., working half time in 28 days; D. and A., with B. working half time, in 32 days; in what time would it be built by all together, and by each alone ? 218. A wine merchant bought 180 liters of brandy in Havre, at 321 decimes a liter ; he paid 21 decimes a liter shipment, and $2.25 a gallon duty, and sold it in New York at $0.75 a gallon. What was his gain ? 219. If I buy Michigan G'sat 108, interest payable semi- annually, what annual rate per cent, do I receive ? 220. If I buy 15 shares United Companies of* New Jersey at 137^ ($100), and receive $37^ dividend cjuarterly, what annual rate of interest do I receive? 221. An interest-bearing note, dated Aug. 1st, 1872, at 90 days, was discounted at 8 '/^ ; the face was $750, and the proceeds $759,982. What was the date of discount? 222. f of 1 of the square of a number multiplied by f of f of the square root of a number equals 1. ^Vhat is the number ? ARITHMETIC. 91 223. The fourth power of a number, divided by the square of the number, ecjuals 40. What is the number? 224. John sent a draft for $21,250 to a Detroit broker, to invest in Michigan G's at lOG ; he remitted me a balance of $25. What rate of brokerage did he charge? 225. Mr. Jackson has invested $8475 in lO-40's at U)\. What will be his semi-annual income in currency, gold being 110? 22(J. How many shares of North Pennsylvania R.R., at 49, must be sold, that the proceeds, invested in Pennsyl- vania State 6's, at 115^, may give an income of $(J0O, brokerage being deducted ? 227. The square root of a certain number J- 24, equals twice the difference between the square of the number and 2. What is the number ? 228. 2 times a certain number -f 100, equals 4 times the sum obtained by increasing the number by 20. \\ hat is the number? 229. The amount of a sum of money for o years is $230, and the amount for 4 times as long, at ^ the same rate, is $200. What are the sum and rates per cent. ? 230. A boat, whose rate of sailing is 5 miles an hour, moves down a river whose current is 3 miles an hour. How far may it go that it may be back in 10 hours ? 231. John and Hanry can mow GO acres of grass in G weeks, and ^ of what John can mow in a day equals what Henry can mow in a day. How long will it take each to mow it ? 232. M. can drink a keg of cider in 9 days; f of what M. drinks in a day equals \ what N. drinks, and also \ of what R. drinks; after all had been drinking ^y of a day, N. and R. drink the remainder. How long did it take them ? 233. A company of 20 persons engage a dinner at Mr. Jones's hotel, but after paying the bill 5 of the company withdraw, by which each person's bill was increased 50 cents. What was the bill? 92 LIVE QUESTIONS. 234. How many bushels of lime can be burnt at one time in a kiln 14 feet long 10 feet wide and 11 feet deep? 235. I offered my house and lot to a purchaser for $7500, $1000 cash, and the balance in 5 equal annual payments with interest at 6 % ; but he wished to pay $1000 cash, and 5 annual payments of $1600 each, without interest. Which payments would be the more economical for the pur- chaser, provided money was worth 6 ^c ? 230. Multiply the difference between MMDCCXLIV and 1809, by 20.007 ~ 2,233. 237. What is the difference between i of a cubic foot, and a cubic half foot ? 238. What is the value of a pile of wood 10 rods long, 4 feet wide, and 6^ feet high, at $3.56i per cord ? 239. What are the contents of a piece of ground 40 rods long, 5 rods wide at one end, and ^ foot wide at the other ? 240. When gold is worth $1.37^ in currency, how much gold will one dollar in currency buy? 241. Sold 20 bushels of oats at 50 cents per bushel, and lost 8 ^/f. What per cent, would have been gained had they been sold at 00 cents? 242. Bought a horse for $175, and sold him for i of V of his cost. What per cent, did I gain? 243. From sixteen thousand three hundred seventy-five and sixteen hundred-thousandths, subtract fourteen thousand three hundred forty-five and one hundred fifty-three mil- lionths, and divide the remainder by five thousandths. 244. What number is that whose i + i + ^L- = 128? 245. A person aged 27 takes out a 10-year endowment policy for $5000 ; the dividends reduce his annual interest premiums 15 ^, on the average. Computing annual interest at 7 ''/ on his premiums, does he gain or lose, and how much? 24(j. Henry Ivison, through his broker, invested a certain sum of money in New York State (i's, at 107^, and twice as much in U. S. 5's of '81, at 98^, brokerage in each case ARITHMETIC. 93 i 94 LIVE QUESTIONS. 259. What is the value of a pile of wood 15^ rods long, 81 feet wide, and G feet high, at $3.25 per cord ? 2(10. A note payable in (>(> days was discounted at a bank, and the proceeds were $5(M). What was the face of the note ? 2G1. I have a piece of land 4 miles square. How many acres are there in it ? 2()2. A square cornfield, with hills ^> feet apart each way in rows, contains 1849 hills. How many hills are there in a row ? 2()3. Express three hundred million two hundred seven and fifteen ten-thousandths by the Arabic method. 2(54. How many bushels will a box contain, that would hold a cord of wood ? 2()5. What is the edge, inside measurement, of a cubical l)in that will contain 85 bushels of grain? 2()(l. Find the distance from the centre to the corner of a room 12 by 24 feet. 2r»7. A merchant imported from England 24 sacks of wool, weighing 2500 pounds, invoiced at Ij". 8c/. per pound. What duty did he pay in the United States money, the rate being 10 cents per pound and 11 ''/ ad valorem, 3 ^/( tare allowed? 208. Find the value of 08i 71 4 41 7^ 41 75 i,''-' I •*2 -^in'^ 2^ ■ 8 ^8 5^ 25^881 ' 21.81 209. The circumferences of two wagon-wheels are, re- spectively, 10 feet, and 15 feet (> inches. How many times more will the smaller wheel revolve than the larger, in going 2 miles? 270. If 1 of f of j\ of f of- 1 of a vessel is worth i'878, how many dollars in gold is ^^ of it worth ? 271 . B. 's draft for $150, drawn at 15 days' sight, is cashed at the bank at 8 ^/, bank discount. What does he receive for it ? ARirilMETIC. i)5 '212. The difference of time between two })laces is 54 minutes 20 seconds. Give the difference in longitude? 273. Given 5, the first term of the series ; 3, the common difference ; and 176, the last term ; to find the nun.ber of terms, and the sum of the series. 274. Multiply seven ten-thousandths by four-tenths, and divide the product by the difference between eight hun- dredths and seventy-three thousandths. 275. When it is noon at Washington, what is the time at a place 18° 80' west from Washington? 276. What is the hypothenuse of a triangle whose base is 86 feet, and whose perpendicular is 40 feet? 277. Divide 00.875 by f . 278. How many shares of Erie R.R., at 40, must be sold, that the proceeds, invested in Pennsylvania State 6's, at 1151, may give an income of $600, brokerage being deducted ? 279. Find the value of 7J- 1 5 + 2 1 — 5 2 — .5 280. What is the present worth of $525.65, due Jan. 15th, 1882? 281. A merchant sold sugar at 10 cents a pound, and gained 12 ^/f . What per cent, would he have gained had he sold it at 18 cents a pound ? 282. A. engaged in trade, Jan. 1st, with $820 ; May 1st, he took B. into partnership with $120 ; at the end of the year they had gained $84. What was each partner's share of the gain? 288. My room is 20 feet square, and 10 feet high. Re- quired, the distance from an upper corner to the opposite lower corner. 284. When it is o'clock a.m. at a certain place on the equator, what time is it 45° east of that place? 71 y 1 285. Reduce ./? - ^ to a simple fraction. 96 LIVE (l VEST 10 NS. 286. ^Vhat is the square root of twenty-eight hundred and nine millionths? 2(S7. A young man expended .875 of a fortune, lost .25 of it, and had $15(1(1 left. How much had he at first? 288. Find the greatest common divisor of 121,. 87. 112, and 72. 289. Find the compound interest on $272 for 3 years 8 months o days. 20H. If a sphere 6 inches in diameter weighs 24 pounds, what is the weight of one wliose diameter is 12 inches? 291. A brewer has a vat which contains (i barrels of beer ()-)6 gallons), and its length and height are each equal to twice its breadth. Required, its dimensions. 292. The common difference is .05, number of terms KM), and one extreme is 5. What is the other? 290. A.'s gain was 26 f/c, and B.'s 30 ^/f , and A.'s gain was $27 less than B.'s. What was the capital of each, iff of A.'s equals f of B.'s. 294. Extract the square root of 77().]()l. 295. Express in words 2.003004. 296. How many rolls of paper, each 9 yards long and ^ yard wide, will cover the walls of a room 24 feet long, 16 feet wide, and 7^ feet high ? 297. Find the value of the following expression : 23TTT004 + 1005.32 — .0004. 298. When gold is worth $1.15 in currency, how mucli will $5.75 in currency buy? 299. Bought a horse for $125, and sold him for $150. ^\'hat was the gain per cent. ? For how much should 1 have sold him to gain 50 9^ ? 300. If A. can do a piece of work in 8 days, B. in 6 days, and C. in 4 days, in what time can all of them do \ of the work ? 301. Multiply .0307 by .0307, and divide the product by 12. 302. What is the difference between 100 4 12^%, and 1121—121-%? ARITHMETIC. 97 303. How long a ladder will be required to reach up 25 feet on the side of a building, the foot resting 10 feet from the bottom of the building ? 304. At what rate can I afford to pay for bonds having 10 years to run, at 8 % interest, payable annually, pro- vided I am willing to take 7 % interest for my money, and can invest my dividends at this rate per cent, as fast as they are received ? 305. Sold 120 shares B. and O. R.R. stock at 126 %, par value $100, brokerage \ %, and invested proceeds in Boston and Maine R.R. at 91 '^^, brokerage -i- %. How many shares, par value $100, did I receive? 306. Divide 16| by -t.6. 307. What is the difference between the simple and com- pound interest of $2,006,875, for 4 years 9 months 24 days? 308. Divide five and five-tenths by nine ten-thousandths. 309. What is the width of the narrowest room that may be exactly carpeted by either of two pieces of matting whose breadths are f yard and 1^ yard ? 310. Give the compound interest, and the simple interest of $379 for 5 years 7 months 23 days. 311. Memorandum. — Face of a mortgage, $4500. Date, January 15th, 1868. Payment of $2000, June 1st, 1871. Taken up, interest allowed January 1st, 1873. What was the sum due ? 312. A gem, weighing 3 ounces 14 pennyweights 10 grains, was sold for $1.25 per grain. What was the sum received for it? 3. of 75. 5 3. s Sre. Divide L°|I? by ^-X^- TT ^T2" ^^ 314. Two men hire a pasture for $100; one man puts in 8 cows, and the other 5 cows. What sum ought each to pay? 9 98 LIVE QUESTIONS. 315. What is the length, in rods, of one side of a square field containing 40 acres? 316. Sold $3000 of Philadelphia (j's at 101|, and invested the proceeds in Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank stock ($100) at 121 ; what is my actual investment after deducting brokerage on both transactions ? 317. I gave a broker $15,900 to invest in " Camden and Amboy" ($100); he bought 124 shares at 127-1-, and remitted me the balance, $28 ; what rate of brokerage did he charge ? 318. A., B., and C. start at the same place, and travel round an island, A. making the circuit in f of a day, B. in I" of a day, and C. in f of a day ; in how many days will they meet at the starting-place, and how many times will each have gone round the island ? 319. A pole 100 feet high is 1 foot in diameter at the base and \ inch at top. A vine growing out of the ground 8 feet from the base, touches the pole at 10 feet from the base or bottom, and winds around the pole once in every 6 feet to the top ; required, the length of the vine. 320. Give the present worth of $1000, due in 6 months 15 days. 321. How long a ladder will reach to a window 20 feet from the ground, the foot resting 15 feet from the house ? 322. How many bushels of wheat, by measure, will 1 hhd. hold ? 323. What number is that to which if -| of f be added, the sum will be 1 ? 324. Find the product of f of f multiplied by 4 of f of |-. Find the value of the expression (.:^ + iof|of20)-^^[. 325. What is the value of the expression (80 — 28.5 -f- 100 — 50.5 — 90.1) -f- 50? 326. Find the greatest common divisor of 225, 350, and 175 ; also the least common multiple of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. ARITHMETIC. 99 327. One-half of George's money equals two-sevenths of Henry's, and Henry has $187.47 more than George. How much money has each ? 328. $15 interest is due on a $75 note. How long has the note been on interest, at 6 "/^ ? 329. If by selling eggs at 12-1- cents per dozen, a profit of 25 f/c was made, what would have been the per cent, of profit or loss, had they been sold at 9 cents per dozen ? 330. The solidity of a cubical block of marble is 1331 feet ; what is the length of the block ? 331. How many cords in a pile of 4-foot wood 12 feet long, 8 feet high at one end, and 6 feet high at the other ? 332. If a man sell a horse for $140, and lose 30 %, what would be the gain or loss if the horse had been sold for $830 ? 333. What is the distance from a point 20 yards from the foot of a pole to its top, the pole being 50 feet high ? 334. A. can do a piece of work in 7 days, B. can do it in 5 days, and C. can do it in 8 days. In how many days could they all do it together ? i of ^ -3- of JJ- 12 335. Reduce ^5—- -^ ^ — j — yo ^ 9q toasimple fraction. 33G. If the pressure of the atmosphere is 15 pounds upon the square inch, what will it be upon a solid, 4 feet long, 1 foot square at one end, and 2 feet square at the other ? 337. What is the unit of the fraction f of a day? What is the fractional unit ? 338. What is the difference between ^ of 2 and -| of 1 ? 339. What is the difference between the true and bank discount of $200 for 1 year 6 months 12 days? 340. A., B., and C., engaged in partnership, with a joint capital of $1000. A. put in stock for 7 months, B. for 8 months, and C. for 12 months. Of the profits, A.'s part 100 LIVE QUESTIONS. was $21, B.'s $40, and C.'s $24. What was the capital of each? 341. What principal, at 71 ^, is sufficient to produce $206,381- interest in 183 days? 342. Find the sum of 425, 4.25, and 17y%. 343. A bin is 14| feet long, 9 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. What is the length of the side of a cubical box of the sanie capacity? 344. How many cubic inches in a stick of timber 12 by 18 inches, and 30 feet long? 345. A certain piece of land which is ^ of a rod wide, contains an acre. Its length is what decimal part of a mile? 346. The area of a right-angled triangle is 92 feet, and the perpendicular is to the base as 2 to 3. What is the length of the hypothenuse? 347. I paid $1750 in cash for stocks, and after keeping them 18 months I sold them at an advance of 12 ^/c upon the cost and interest. For wlrat sum did I sell them ? 348. What is the cost of a pile of wood 50 feet long, 6 feet high, and 4 feet wide, at $3.50 per cord? 349. If 8^ square yards will make a dress, how many yards in length will be required of goods f of a yard wide? 350. An oblong field is 160 rods long and 120 rods wide. How many rods between the diagonal corners ? 351. If a farmer has sufficient feed for 10 horses 12 weeks, how long will it keep 7 horses ? 352. Required, the cost of the brick to build a storehouse 25 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 30 feet high, making allow- ance for two windows 8 by 4 feet each, and one door 7 by 6 feet ; the walls to be 2 feet thick, each brick measuring 8 inches by 4 inches by 2 inches, and the brick worth $5.50 per thousand. 353. What is the cube root of 101,847,563? 354. What is the true discount of $1000 for 8 months 10 days? ARITHMETIC. 101 355. 1 • (64 X 16) ^ 4 X 13 = what ? 356. When it is noon at Washington, what is the time 1(P west of Washington ? 357. Bought a barge-load of chestnut coal at $4,221 per long ton, and paid $2.00 per ton freight. At how much per short ton must it be sold to gain 15 (-/a ? 358. How much money at compound interest will amount to $100 in 5 years? 359. A cord 30 feet long unites the top of two 20-foot poles. How much longer must the cord be, to touch the ground midway between the poles ? 360. How many cords of wood can be put into a shed 21 feet square and 9 feet high? 361. What is the average time of payment for $475 due in 6 months, $500 due in 9 months, and $200 due in 15 months ? 362. What is the sum due, January 1st, 1874, on a note for $5000, dated January, 1870 ; indorsed, October 1st, 1871, $1500; November 1st, 1872, $1500; with interest at 8 % ? 35. 363. Reduce — tV -^- +4 of -A^ to a decimal. 109 13 1 / 364. The grand list of a town is $4750.84, and the amount of taxes assessed is $1975. What is A.'s tax, whose grand list is $23.65? 365. What is the length of a line reaching from the top of a tree 60 feet high, to a point on the plain 30 feet from the foot of the tree ? 366. What is the difference between 100 with 15 •^ added, and 115 with 15 % subtracted? 367. What is the present worth of $8650 due 1 year 7 months hence, discounted at 6 "^ ? 368. Bought prints at 8 cents per yard, and sold them at 13 cents. What per cent, did I gain ? 369. By what number must 1\ be multiplied, that the product shall be 1 ? 9« 102 LIVE QUESTIONS. 370. A. can do a piece of work in 4 days, B. in 10 days, and C. in days. In what time can all, working together, do twice as much work ? 371. How many barrels of flour, at $8.00 per barrel, will pay for 3000 pounds of potatoes, at 75 cents per bushel of 60 pounds? 372. What is the amount of a note for $100, dated Jan- uary 7th, 1870, at annual interest? 373.. Divide one millionth by one billionth. 374. Divide $12 between two boys, so that one may have ^ more than the other. 375. From f of a square yard take ^ of a yard square. 376. If a man receive a legacy of $8000, and give 19 % of it to his wife, 37 ^/c of the remainder to his son, and $2000 to his daughter, how much will he have left? 377. .0015 miles is what decimal of a rod? 37g. Greensburgh, January 16th, 1877. On demand, I promise to pay A. B. or order, five hundred dollars, with annual interest, for value re- ceived. James Carleton. March 16th, 1878 : received $200. What was due on this note April 1st, 1879? 379. What is the length of one side of a square plat of land which contains 87.61 square feet? 380. If 8 men can do a piece of work in 14 days, work- ing 12 hours per day, how long will it take 12 men to do the same work by working 10 hours per day ? 381. What is the difference between 4 times 9 and the square of 9 ? 382. If -J of a certain number exceeds -| of itself by 10, what is the number ? 383. A man spent all his income and ^ more the first year after he became of age ; afterwards, for 4 years, he saved each year a sum equal to -^ of his income ; and then, paying his debts, he had $90 left. Required, his annual in- come. ARITHMETIC. 103 384. The greatest term in an arithmetical series is 70, the common difference 3, and the number of terms 21. What is the least term, and what the sum of the series ? 885. If 20 men can perform a piece of work in 12 days, how many men will accomplish another piece 3 times as large in \ part of the time ? 386. A person employed 4 workmen, to the first of whom he gave $2 more than to the second, to the second $3 more than to the third, and to the third $4 more than to the fourth ; their wages amounted to $32. What did each receive ? 387. If I own y\ of a ship worth $6500, what part of her have I left after selling |- of f of any share, and what is my part worth ? 388. Which is the better investment : 8 (/( stocks at 20 % discount, or 12 (^/c stocks at 15 ^ premium? How much the better? 389. If a weaver make 31.25 yards of carpet in a day, how long will it take him to make one yard ? 390. A man falls 15 % from his asking price for goods, and still makes 25^ %. What per cent, is his asking price? 391. A. did -| of a piece of work in 26 days, and he and B. finished it in 5i days. In what time could B. do the whole work ? 392. Divide 1000 oranges among 10 men, 20 women, and 40 children, giving each child twice as many oranges as each woman, and each woman twice as many as each man . 393. A., owning f of a farm, sold ^ of his share to one son, and -| of the remainder of his share to another son ; what he retained was worth $875. What was the value of the whole farm ? , 394. Divide f of .475 by .075 time i, and add three hundred thousand four and seventy-sixth millionths. 395. A. paid i, B. -J-, C. ylg-, D. \ of the cost of an estate, 104 LIVK QUESTIONS. and E. paid the balance. Their gain was $12, GOO. What was each man's share of the gain ? 890. What number cubed will ])roduce 1,800,807? 897. Jf a bird can fly 9-| miles in }. of an hour, at that rate how far can it fly in 9^. hours? 898. If I travel 300 miles in days of 8 hours each, in how many days of 10 hours each can I travel 450 miles, traveling I- faster than at first ? 399. A broker hires at a bank $500 for 90 days, at 1^ -/, a month. For how much must he give his note ? (00. A steamer, burned in 1809, had been insured by a single company 20 years, for $40,000, at 2^ (/c a year. What was the actual loss to the company, no allowance being made for interest? 401. In 1872 the population of a western city was 28,873, which was C ^ greater than the census of 1871 ; the in- crease of 1871 over 1870 was 5 f/( , and the increase of 1870 over 1809 was 5 %. What was the population in 1869? dXKck>- Arithmetieal Recreations. 402. Who was the inventor of arithmetic ? 408. In what age was it originated ? 404. Who invented the decimal fraction ? 405. Who was the author of the first i)rinted treatise on arithmetic ? 400. Who invented logarithms? When? 407. Name the oldest treatises on arithmetic. 408. What can you say of Euclid ? When did he flourish ? 409. By what method did Eratosthenes separate prime numbers from others ? 410. Who first employed the signs -f- and — to denote addition and subtraction ? ARITHMETIC. 105 411. Who invented the signs + ^^^ — ? 412. Who invented =r, X, -^, l/? 418. What is the basis of Pythagoras's multiplication table ? 414. How did Pythagoras regard numbers? 415. The rule of three is sometimes called what? 416. Which is the more easily understood by pupils, the inductive method or the deductive method ? 417. When and by whom were continued fractions first suggested ? 418. When are two numbers called amicable? 41!). Which is the most celebrated classification of num- bers ? 420. What is a perfect number ? What an imperfect number? 421. What is an abundant number? Give an example. 422. Give an example of a perfect number ; of an im- perfect number. 423. What quantity of water will be discharged from a pipe 5 inches diameter, 252 feet perpendicular height, the water flowing at the rate of 210 feet per minute? 424. Required, the radius of the circle of gyration in a water-wheel 30 feet diameter ; the weight of the arms being 12 tons, shrouding 2,^ tons, and water 15 tons. 425. Three men bought a tapering piece of timber, which was the frustum of a square pyramid ; one side of the greater end was 3 feet, one side of the less end 1 foot, and the length 18 feet. What is the length of each man's ])iece, supposing they paid equally, and are to have equal shares ? 420. It is now 5 o'clock and 5 minutes. What time will it be when the hands of the clock make the same angle they do now? 427. The diameter of circular field is 240 rods. How much grass will be left after 7 horses have eaten all they can reach, the strings which are allowed them being of 106 LIVE QUESTIONS. equal length, and attached to posts so located that each can just touch his neighbor's territory, and none can reach beyond the fence ? 428. Required, the sides of an isosceles triangle, con- taining 6 acres 12 perches, and whose base is 72 perches. 429. " In the midst of a meadow well stored with grass, I took just an acre to tether my ass ; How long must the cord be, that feeding all round. He mayn't graze less or more than an acre of ground?" CHAPTER V. Geography. 7. S. 1). 10. 11. 12. What is the distance from North Pole to South Pole in degrees and in miles? What is the exact latitude and longitude of the place where you live ? What causes a difference in time at different points upon the same parallel ? A. and B. are at opposite ends of a telegraph; A.'s time is 10 a. m., and B.'s 4 p. M. ; is B. east or west of A., and how many de- grees? A. and B. start from Pittsburgh, A. going 10 degrees south and B. 10 degrees west ; which travels the greater distance ? What is the latitude of the Tropics and of the Polar Circles? What Grand Divisions are crossed by the Tropics? By the Arctic Circle ? Between what parallels and what meridians are the United States chiefly located ? What is the area of the United States ? Bound the Pacific Ocean ; Atlantic ; Indian. Through what countries does the Equator pass ? In what directions do the great mountain chains of the Old World pass ? In what directions do the great mountain chains of the New World pass ? What is the difference between a plain and a plateau ? (107) 108 LIVE QUESTIONS. 13. Where do the Eastern and Western Continents most nearly approach each other ? 14. What large river grows smaller as it nears its mouth ? Why? 15. In what direction do most peninsulas project? l(i Bound the Mediterranean Sea by countries. IT. Name the States bordering on the Mississippi River. LS. What waters are connected by the following straits : Gibraltar? Malacca? Dover? Bosphorus? Bab el Mandeb ? 19. Locate the foUowiiig capes: Good Hope, Mendocino, Race, Cod, Verde, Hatteras, Trio, Bon. 20. What is the prevailing form of government in the Old World ? 21. What is the prevailing form of government in the New World ? 22. What important Monarchy in the New World ? 23. What important Republic in the Old World ? 24. How do the grain ships from San Francisco reach Liv- erpool ? 25. Trace a water-route from St. Louis to Yeddo ; from Chicago to Calcutta, by way of the Suez Canal. 20. What countries supply most of the diamonds? 27. What countries supply most of the india-rubber? 28. What has been the effect of the discovery of petroleum upon whale fishery ? 29. Where are the chief cod fisheries? 30. Where are some of the chief oyster-beds ? 31. What States in the Union have most coal ? Most salt? Most petroleum ? 32. What is the population of the United States ? 33. Name the chief countries where the English language is spoken. 34. What nation is most advanced of the Mongolian race ? GEOGRAPHY. 109 35. Locate Odessa, Valparaiso, Bombay, St. Louis, Phila- delphia. 36. Under what dominion is Palestine ? 37. Who are the reigning monarchs of England ? Of Ger- many? Of Russia? Of Brazil ? 38. Who is President of France ? Who is Vice-President of the United States? 39. Who is Secretary of State ? Of Treasury ? Postmaster- General ? 40. Who is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court ? 41. Where do pine forests prevail, and where do bread- fruit and bananas grow ? 42. Where is rice cultivated as the chief food of the people ? 43. Name the chief wheat, corn, rice, cotton, and sugar States of the Union. 44. Where is tea raised ? Which are the principal coffee countries? 45. Where is indigo largely cultivated? 46. What country produces most of the silk ? 47. What countries produce large quantities of wood ? 48. Locate the extensive grass-plains of the United States of South America. 49. What is caoutchouc, and where obtained ? 50. Where does mahogany grow, and what can you say of it? 5L What people have oblique eyes? 52. What are the social castes of India? 53. What is the Ottoman Empire? What is the sacred book of the Mohammedans? 54. What is a pariah ? A pasha? A brahmin? A coolie? A mandarin ? 55. Who were the Native Americans, and what was their condition ? * 56. Who are the Esquimaux ? Who the Laplanders ? 57. What portion of Africa does the Negro inhabit? 58. What other races inhabit Africa ? 10 110 " LIVE QUESTIONS. 59. Why are there no large cities on the coast of Africa ? 60. Do vessels require the same time in going from New York to Liverpool as from Liverpool to New York ? 61. Where might the drift-wood come from that is cast ashore on the Shetland Islands ? 62. What is the gulf-weed, and what is its origin ? 63. What hinders Africa from being an island ? 6-1. What is particularly noticeable of the Cassiquiari River ? 65. Of what utility is geography ? 66. Distinguish between geography and geology. 67. Define the terms geography and geology. 68. Name the divisions of geography; define each. 69. Distinguish between a mountain system and a mountain trend. 70. Give derivations of the terms cape, island, ocean. 7L What do you mean by " forms of relief?" 72. How long is North America? How wide? 73. Where is the greatest volcano in the world, and how far do you hear its noise ? 74. What parts of the earth's surface have day and night every twenty-four hours ? 75. How many days and nights during the year, at a point half-way between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole ? How many at a point one-fourth of the way ? Three-fourths of the way ? 76. What is the length of the longest day at each of the above points, and what time of the year does it oc- cur? (See No. 75.) 77. In what direction from us is Australia? 78. In what direction from the North Pole is Greenland ? 79. Is the mean temperature of the Eastern and Western * Continents different? Why? 80. What is the average depth of rainfall during a year within the Tropics of the Eastern Continent ? Of the Western Continent ? GEOGRAPHY. HI 81. What is the average depth of rainfall during a year within the Temperate Zones of each Continent ? 82. Give the causes of Western and Southern Europe having a warmer climate than the Atlantic States, in the same latitude. 83. What results would follow a change in the relative amount of land and water surface ? 84. What reasons to support the theory of an open Polar Sea? 85. What physical results would follow doubling the time of the earth's revolution on its axis? 8(). What would be the effect on our seasons by the sun being in the other focus of the earth's orbit ? 87. What are the evidences that the sea- water was once fresh ? 88. What are zones ? Define the term zone. 89. Define the terms to?'rid, frigid, temperate. 9(1. State the utility of rivers ; of mountains. 91. In the same latitude, is a low or elevated country the colder ? Why ? 92. Why are zones given their respective widths ? 93. Where is the Land of Dates ? Why so called ? 94. What three countries border on the Red Sea ? 95. For what is the Nile remarkable ? Where does it rise ? 96. What was the North Sea formerly called ? 97. What are some of the chief causes that affect or de- termine the climate of any place ? 98. Of what three classes do natural productions consist ? 99. To what nation does Iceland belong ? 100. What are the principal productions of the Torrid Zone ? Of the Temperate Zone ? Of the Frigid Zone ? 101. What is the estimated population of the world? . 102. What is the specific gravity of a body? 103. What is the absolute weight of the globe? 104. What tribes does the Malay race include? 112 LIVE QUESTIONS. 105. What division of South America has no seacoast ? 106. On what island was St. Paul shipwrecked? 107. What is Egypt? State the government and capital. 108. What can you say of Siberia, and to what does it belong? 109. What can you say of the principal town of Polynesia? 110. What people are included in the African race? 111. What sound in North Carolina and hay in Virginia are connected by a canal ? 112. What constitutes the solar system? 113. What position does the earth occupy in that system with respect to order? With respect to size? 114. What is its distance from the sun? From the nearest fixed star? 115. What is the orbit of the earth? Explain in full why it is a curved line. 116. What inference may be drawn from the shape of the earth's shadow? Why? 117. What is the exact form of the earth? Explain in full how this is proved by weight of bodies. 118. What is the specific gravity of the earth? How as- certained ? 119. What is a great circle? Name and locate the great circles. 120. Why are the Tropics called small circles? Why are they so located ? 121. Why are the Polar circles so located? What is the South Pole ? 122. On what and by whatsis latitude measured? Longi- tude? 123. Explain in detail why degrees of latitude increase as the poles are approached. 124. What influences tend to diminish the severity of our winters ? 125. What influences tend to increase the severity of our winters ? GEOGRAPHY. 113 126. Why is the fall of rain and snow greater on mountains than on the plains ? Why greater on the land than on the sea ? 127. What climatic differences, if any, exist on island and continent in the same latitude ? 128. Why are there deserts ? Name the largest ones. 129. Which of the Southern States is the most thickly set- tled? 130. Name several islands belonging to Portugal ; to Spain. 131. Is the Great Desert inhabited? If so, by whom? 132. What great natural curiosity in California, and what can you say of it ? 133. How many miles does the Nile flow without receiving a tributary ? Name the first tributary. 1 34. What does the term tropic mean ? 135. Why are our streams smaller than formerly? 136. What causes t\\Qfogdii New Foundland? 137. Most canals have locks ; why is the Suez Canal an exception ? 138. How far below the level of the ocean is the surface of the Dead Sea? 139. Explain the causes of high tides on opposite sides of the earth, when the sun and moon are in conjunction. 140. What change occurs in degrees of longitude as the poles are approached ? Why ? 141. How many and what motions has the earth? What time is required for each ? What is' the effect of each ? 142. Prove that the earth rotates from west to east. 143. What is meant by the terms year, civil year, covmion year, and leap year ? 144. Describe the position of the sun and earth at the 21st of March, and give the limits of the illuminated hemisphere. 145. Why are the days at certain times of the year longer than the nights in one hemisphere than in the other? 10* 114 LIVE QUESTIONS. 146. At what times of the year are tlie days and nights of equal length ? Why ? 147. What three causes contribute to produce change of seasons ? 148. Do degrees of latitude differ in length ? Why ? 149. Define the terms latitude^ longitude, equator, diameter. 150. Why are the Equator and Meridians called great cir- cles? 151. Why was the circle around the North Pole called Arc- tic ? The South Pole, Antarctic ? 152. What part of the earth's surface is included in each zone ? 153. How are the cardinal points determined ? Are they absolute or relative ? 154. If the earth were double the present diameter, what would be the weight of a man, now weighing 150 pounds ? 155. How would such an increase in the earth's size affect the industrial pursuits? Would it affect naviga- tion ? Why ? 156. Suppose the earth were the size of the moon, or ^th its present volume, what are some of the changes that would result ? 157. What is agriculture ? What commerce ? 158. Can you tell why the word tropic is used in the con- nection it is? 159. Upon what portion of the earth do the rays of the sun shine directly? 160. Give the nebular hypothesis of the earth's formation. 161. What is a map? What is meant by the term/r^>. Is the earth's center ofgravity at its center of magnitude? 227. Why do we see the sun longer each day from sunrise to sunset, than the time indicated by the almanac? 228. Counting the days from the vernal equinox to the autumnal, shows they are seven or eight more in number than from the autumnal to the vernal ; or, the vertical rays of the sun are north of the Equa- tor that number of days more than south of it. How is it accounted for? 229. What is the shape of the earth's shadow? What are its dimensions? Is the shadow of the same size throughout the year? 2r>(l. During what phases of the moon can the moon and the sun be eclipsed ? 231. How does the extent of coast line affect the civiliza- tion of a country? What other physical circum- stances affect civilization ? 232. The centers of European civilization were found on the southern peninsulas. Why are these centers moving northward ? 233. Classify the principal nations of the earth according to forms of government. 234. Classify them according to forms of religion. 235. Classify them according to extent of territory^ 23(). Classify them according to number of population. GEOGRAPHY. 119 237. Classify them according to extent of commerce. 238. Classify them according to age. 239. How many of the United States have compulsory educational laws ? 240. How many of the United States have C-ounty Super- intendents for public schools ? 241. (jive the method of measuring the earth's surface; give the square miles it contains. 242. What parallels, ten degrees apart, include the greatest number of large cities in the United States? What ones in Europe? In Asia? 243. Name some of the highest habitable places ; also some of the highest that have been reached by travelers. 244. Into what grand divisions is the ocean divided ? Bound each. 245. Describe an inland sea. Give example. 246. Describe a border sea. Give example. 247. Describe a gulf. Give example. 248. To what three movements is the ocean subject? 249. Describe each motion,, and explain fully how it is produced. 250. Make drawings showing the relative positions of sun, moon, and earth at spring-tides. 251. Why is neap-tide lower than spring-tide? Why is the tide later each day ? How much is it later ? 252. What are constant currents? Explain in full how they are caused. 253. What effect has the rotation of the earth upon them ? Explain how this is produced. 254. Describe the constant current of the Atlantic, giving all its divisions. 255. What are Sargasso Seas ? Name three uses of ocean currents. 256. Which currents will aid, and which retard, the prog- ress of a vessel going from New York to Liver- pool ? From New York to Melbourne ? 120 LIVE QUESTIONS, 257. Locate the Grand Canal of China. What can you say of it ? 258. Why was the Great Wall of China built? 259. How high above the level of the sea is the highest lake ? 260. What portion of Africa is called Barbary, and why so called ? 261. Through what four islands does the Equator pass? 262. Through what island does the Tropic of Cancer pass ? 263. Are degrees of longitude of the same length ? 264. What are the boundaries of the zones ? 265. In what months does the dry season occur in the northern half of the Torrid Zone ? In the south- ern half? 266. Which is the largest city of New England ? 267. What are the principal sources of wealth in New Eng- land? 268. For what is New Hampshire noted ? 269. What productions of Africa form articles of commerce with the United States ? 270. What caused the earth to be flattened at the poles? 271. At what time are the days and nights of equal length all over the globe ? 272. Name the principal railway lines in the United States, their beginning and ending. 278. Name the principal seaport city of Brazil, of China', of England, of Japan. 274. Show how a degree of latitude compares with a de- gree of longitude. 275. Name the principal possessions of Great Britain in different parts of the world. 276. Bound England, France, Spain, Russia. 277. Mention the State that excels in the production of cotton ; one that excels in number of fine harbors. 278. What is New Guinea sometimes called ? 279. What can you say of New Guinea? Of New Hebri- des ? Of New Caledonia ? GEOGRAPHY. 121 280. Name the principal groups of Malaysia. 281. Name the four Sunda Isles. 282. When and by whom was Cape Colony settled ? 283. What classification would you make of the different nations, concerning their manner of living ? 284. Name and locate the principal capes and bays of North America. 285. Name the navigable streams that empty into the At- lantic. 286. What is the outlet of Moosehead Lake ? 287. Is there a climatic difference between the New Eng- land States and Pennsylvania? 288. Would there be a change in the distribution of water on the surface of the globe should the rotary mo- tion of the earth cease ? 289. What are the great natural divisions of the United States ? 290. What meridian divides the Eastern from the Western Hemisphere ? 291. Name some of the animals of the Torrid Zone. 292. Why is there but little rain west of the Andes? 293. In what part of the United States is there a highland, and why does it have less rain than the Mississippi Valley ? 294. Name the animals peculiar to the Temperate Zone ; peculiar to the Torrid Zone. 295. What country has the greatest railroad trade ? 296. Does the United States possess the longest and most numerous lines of railroad ? Show this. 297. Name four of the largest lakes of the world. 298. Prove that climate affects the human race and vege- tation. 299. What cities are noted for their elevation above the level of the sea? 800. Would there be a different result should the Polar diam- eter become equal to the equatorial diameter ? Why ? 11 122 LIVE QUESTIONS. 301. What recent discoveries did Stanley make in x\frica? 302. What do we mean by the region of the Nile ? 303. Are there any mountains in Ethiopia near the Equator? 304. On which of the Polynesian Islands was Captain Cook killed ? 305. What and where is Honolulu ? Give population. 306. Give the uses of water ; of rivers ; of lakes. 307. Give the component parts of the atmosphere, and the proportions. 308. Explain the construction and the use of the ther- mometer ; of the barometer. 309. Explain why the vertical rays of the sun have greater heating power than the oblique rays. 310. In what three ways is the atmosphere heated? 311. What are isothermal lines? Of what do they consti tute the boundaries? 312. Why do the mathematical zones and the physical zones not coincide? 313. Describe the trade-winds, giving in full their causes, limits, temperature, and uses. 314. Explain in full the cause of land and sea breezes; of monsoons. 315. What is meant by evaporation ? 316. What is meant by condensation? 317. What is meant by saturation ? 318. What can you say of the surface of Asia? 319. Locate the Isthmus of Kraw. 320. When and by whom was Pitcairn's Island settled? 321. On which island of Polynesia is its capital ? 322. "V^Hiat can you say of the Sandwich Islands ? 323. What two oases in Egypt ? What can you say of tliem ? 324. Describe the principal volcano in Europe. 325. Name the divisions belonging to Egypt. 326. To what nation does Sierra Leone belong? 327. When and why was the colony of Sierra Leone es- tablished ? GEOGRAPHY. 123 328. When and why was the colony of Liberia established ? 329. Name the Capitals of Asia. 330. What do you mean by Asiatic Russia? 331. Mention five European cities having a greater popu- lation than Philadelphia. 332. What can you say of Gibralter, and to whom does it belong ? 333. What can you say of the Great Canal in the south of France, and what waters does it connect? 334. Is Iceland considered an European island ? 335. Which is the larger, Europe or the United States? How many times larger ? 336. In what zone is Borneo ? New Zealand ? New Found- land ? Niphon ? Greenland? Australia? 337. W^hat is the general direction of the chief mountain chains in each of the continents? 338. Name the zones in which you find the most highly civilized nations. Why ? 339. Would the climate be materially changed if the earth's axis were horizontal to the plane of its orbit ? 340. Has the inclination of the earth anything to do with the width of the several zones ? Why ? 341. Name the States through which the meridian of Wash- ington passes. 342. How is the subsidence of the ocean-bed proved ? 343. How do you determine exact geographical position ? 344. How do you render probable the original fluidity of the earth ? 345. What causes the changes now^ occurring in the earth's crust ? 346. Explain in full the origin of coal. 347. Explain the origin of winds. 348. Why is the Torrid Zone the hottest part of the earth ? 349. Show how the principle of inertia applies to the earth's motion around the sun. 350. Of what utility are latitude and longitude in geography ? 124 LIVE QUESTIONS. 351. Why can the value of latitude never exceed 90°, and longitude 180° ? 352. What are equatorial and polar projections ? 353. Distinguish between a sidereal year and tropical year. 35-1. What is Laplace's nebular hypothesis? 355. Distinguish between a mathematical zone and a phy- sical zone. 356. Define the terms perihelion, aphelion, zodiac. 357. Can you give evidence that the interior of the earth is still in a semi-molten condition ? 358. What are the ejected materials of volcanoes ? 359. Name the geographical elements of the globe. 360. State the advantages the earth has over the other planets in the astronomical conditions. 361. Show the relation of longitude to time. 362. Distinguish between magnetic declination and mag- netic inclination. 363. Distinguish between the formation of geysers and the formatio7i of artesian wells. 364. State the average weight of increase of heat towards the interior of the earth. 365. How are volcanic cones formed ? 366. Has the shape of the earth been tested by circum- navigations ? 367. What was the ancient belief as to the relative positions of the earth, sun, moon, and stars? 368. Name all the aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere. 369. What are fogs ? Explain the process of their forma- tion. 370. What is the difference between fogs and clouds ? 371. Account for the almost constant fogs in the region of Nova Scotia. 372. Account for the rainless district of Gobi. Of the Sa- hara. 373. Name the conditions necessary to the formation of dew. What change in conditions will cause frost ? G EOQRAPHY. 125 374. What is climate ? Upon what two things is the cli- mate of any locality mainly dependent? What circumstances have a modifying effect upon these? 375. Why has Sitka a warmer climate than Quebec ? Italy than New York ? Great Britain than Labrador ? 376. Jixplain why the magnetic needle points to the north. Explain the cause of the dip of the needle. 377. What is meant by the terms axis of rotation, fiorth pole, and south pole ? 378. What do you mean by the earth's motion of revo- lution ? 379. What is meant by the term atmosphere ? 380. Name the materials that mainly compose the air. 381. In what proportion does carbonic acid gas occur in the air ? 382. State the ways we are made sensible of the presence of the air. 383. Why is night so much colder than day? Why is summer warmer than winter ? 384. Why are cloudy days in winter colder than cloudy days in summer? 385. Can you tell what prevents excessive loss of heat at night by radiation ? 380. Explain the nature and origin of trade-winds. 387. Tell how water-vapors cause movements in the atmos- phere. 388. What is the dew-point ? What is snow ? Hail ? 389. What is zoological geography? What do we mean by fauna? 390. Which has the wider range of distribution, man or animal ? 391. Which possess the greater power of acclimation, man or the inferior animals? 392. Define the term ethnography. 393. Name the lines that generally form the boundaries of animal regions. 11* 126 LIVE QUESTIONS. 394. Why is the vegetation of the Tropical Zone so much more Uixuriant than that of the rest of the world ? 395. Name the conditions necessary for plant growth. 39G. Why does the distribution of heat and moisture form the basis for the distribution of animal life? 397. Give the area of the United States. 398. Name its great centres of population on the seaboard. On the great lakes. In the Mississippi Valley. 399. Into what three regions do its mountain-systems di- vide the country ? 400. In what zones do the United States lie ? 401. Why has the western coast of the United States so much higher temperature than the eastern ? 402. What is the Weather Bureau ? Why was it estab- lished ? 403. W^hat valuable metals are found in the United States, and largely in what localities ? 404. »What is the area of Alaska? What is its chief value to the United States? 405. What is the principal cause of volcanic activity? 406. What is the principal cause of earthquakes? 407. What grand distinctions are observed in position and grouping of the land masses ? 408. What are the three great terrestrial contrasts ? 409. What appears to be the providential design concern- ing America ? 410. State the function of the plant in the economy of na- ture. 411. State the characteristic vegetation of each of the sev- eral zones. 412. Why is Northern Africa so dry? 413. Give the supposed cause of the auroras. 414. On what does the height of the snow-line depend ? 415. What causes the frequent storms of spring and autumn ? 416. What causes a late spring or autumn ? An early spring or autumn ? GEOGRAPHY. 127 417. Give the direction of the return-trades. What gives them this direction ? 418. State the position and causes of equatorial cahns. 419. What metals were most anciently used ? 420. What are the three great families of the white race? 421. W^hat climatic effects have marine currents? 422. Explain the general circulation of the sea. 423. Explain the formation of deltas. 424. Describe and explain the general circulation of the atmosphere. 425. Is there any comparative value in the Coral Islands? 426. Name the principal warm currents of the ocean ; the cold currents. Which of these currents most powerfully affect the climate of different parts of the earth? 427. Upon what circumstances does the rapidity of evapo- ration depend ? 428. Describe the lake systems of the United States. • 429. Name the cereals cultivated in the United States. 430. Why are the eastern shores of tropical South America moist, and the western dry? 431. Explain the cause of the mirage of the desert. 432. Are the polar currents likely to bring rain or drought ? Why ? 433. Which race occupies the highest grade in intellectual culture and social condition ? 434. What is the general character of the Australian flora ? 435. Mention the characteristics of the South American fauna. 436. How are glaciers formed ? What are icebergs? 437. Describe the geographical distribution of lakes. 438. Give the origin and classification of valleys among mountains. 439. What peoples are nomades ? Describe the savage life. 440. What are the leading occupations of civilized life? 441. What occupations give rise to cities? 128 LIVE QUESTIONS. •442. What peculiarity have most of the large cities of the United States? 443. How are the great cities of the earth classified ? 444. To what nation does Algeria belong? 445. Name the natural advantages of Switzerland. 440. What causes the drought of the Sahara ? 447. What mineral wealth has Egypt ? 448. What are the four leading commercial emporiums of the United States? 449. What European port receives the largest amount of American cotton and breadstuffs? 450. What are the chief commercial ports on the Mediter- ranean ? 451. Name the greatest commercial emporium of the world. 452. What nations take the larger part of the silk? 453. What is the American entrepot for Asiatic trade by steamers ? 454. State the three main causes that contribute to deprive the Sahara of rains. 455. In what direction does the surface slope in the larger part of Pennsylvania? 45(). Bound the county you live in, and give its popula- tion. 457. Bound your township ; your school district. 458. Construct a map of Pennsylvania ; of Westmoreland County. 459. Over how many degrees of latitude and o{ longitude does British India extend ? 4{)0. Explain why a fibti of mist appears on a cold glass when brought into a warm room, 461. How is the vapor of water brought into the air? 462. Explain the origin of the fog often seen rising after sunset from the surface of a river. 463. Explain the formation of clouds ; name the different kinds of clouds. 464. What is ice, and when is it formed ? OEOQRAPHY. 129 465. What is snow ? Describe a snow-flake. 466. What are hail and sleet, and when formed ? 467. What becomes of the part of the rain which falls into the sea? 468. Why do boggy places occur in hilly ground ? 469. Explain why springs issue from between beds of rock along the sides of valleys. 470. Explain the origin of deep-seated springs. 471. Do wells, mines, and pits, show the underground cir- culation of water? How? 472. What is the difference between hard and soft water ? 478. (rive the origin of underground tunnels and caverns. 474. Does clear spring-water contain anything else than water ? 475. What are the Pampas? Selvas? Llanos? Wastes of Patagonia? 476. Locate the Sargasso Seas. What can you say of them ? 477. Name ten of the longest rivers of the globe, and give their respective lengths. 478. Give the area, in square miles, of each of the Grand Divisions. 479. Give the population of each of the Grand Divisions. 480. Compare the United States in size and population with each of the four largest countries of Europe, of Asia, and of Africa. 48L Name and locate ten of the largest gulfs of the globe. 482. Name and locate ten of the largest bays of the globe. 483. Name and locate ten of the largest peninsulas of the globe. 484. Name and locate ten of the largest islands of the globe. 485. Name the republics and free states of the globe. 486. Name and locate ten of the most prominent capes. 487. What and where are the Bahama Islands, and to whom do they belong ? 488. Locate the Bermuda Islands. To whom do they belong ? 130 LIVE QUESTIONS. 489. What suggested the name of Iceland? Who named Greenland ? 490. What natural curiosities in Iceland ? 491. Name and locate ten of the highest mountains. 492. What can you say of Texas? Of Utah? Of Idaho? Of Montana? Of Dakota? Of California? 493. Name and locate the principal peaks of the globe. 494. What can you say of the Union Pacific Railroad ? 495. W^hat is the cause of the slow progress of civilization in South America? 49(1. What are the four great features of similarity between the Eastern and Western Continents? 497. Where is the Great Barrier Reef? 49,S. Which country contains the largest river-basin in the world ? 499. Why are the waters of the Atlantic Ocean more salty than those of the Pacific ? 500. Why is the course of rivers winding? What advan- tages derive from the windings of rivers? 501. Through what does Lake Nicaragua discharge its waters ? 502. State cause of New Foundland banks, and give reason of the almost perpetual fogs there. 503. Why do icebergs move southward against the current of the gulf stream ? 504. How many kinds of prairies are there? 505. Where is the Plain of Toluca, and where are the Banks of Fucus ? 50(i. How many classes of lakes are there? 507. How high is the snowline on mountains under the equator ? 508. Between what parallels does the range of man extend ? 50!>. What gives the green color to plants? 510. Where does the tidal wave begin? 511. Why is the temperature of the ocean more uniform than that of the land ? GEOGRAPHY. 131 512. Where is the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean? 518. What causes the phosphorescence of the ocean? 514. For what is the Indian Ocean remarkable? 515. What are Etesian winds? What periodical winds? 516. What are the zones of perpetual winds? 517. What are variable winds? Where do they occur? 518. When does the atmosphere remain at rest? 519. What would be the result, if the air were deprived of its oxygen ? 520. Where does the gulf stream originate ? Give its cause. 521. How does evaporation tend to produce ocean currents? 522. What are the rainless regions of the New World? 523. Why does a greater degree of heat prevail at the tropics than at the equator ? 524. What determines the temperature of a country ? 525. Where is the point of greatest cold ? 526. What can you say of Lapland ? Locate it. 527. What can you say of Russia, concerning her wealth, her government, her religion, her productions ? 528. For what is Niznei Novgorod famous ? 529. What can you say of the Republic of Andorra ? 530. What can you say of the Dead Sea ? Of Aral ? 531. Explain how soil is continually renewed. 532. Show how plants lend their help in the making of soil. 533. Wliat is meant by the chemical action of rain ? 534. In what sense may it be said that the general surface of the land is continually moving towards the sea ? 535. Why do streams flow? What are pot-holes? 536. Why are some rivers, such as the Rhine, most swollen in summer ? 537. Describe the bed of a river when the water is low. 538. Why does snow remain perpetual above the snow- line ? 539. What becomes of a glacier as it descends its valley ? 540. What are moraines ? 132 LIVE QUESTIONS. 541. How do stones and earth get under the ice of a glacier ? 542. What use does the glacier make of these stones and particles of earth and sand ? 543. On which side of the equator does the most land lie ? 544. What is the relative saltness of the Atlantic Ocean and the Dead Sea? 545. Whence has the mineral matter in sea-water come? 546. What happens when a drop of sea- water is evaporated on a piece of glass ? 547. What is the commonest and most obvious form of motion in the sea? 548. What is surface-drift, and how is it often indicated ? 549. How may a basin or trough of water be made to illus- trate the formation of waves ? 550. How do the waves wear down a rocky coast? 551. What is the general character of the sea-floor, as com- pared with the surface of the land ? 552. How is our information concerning the bottom of the deep sea obtained ? 553. What was found to be the average depth of the At- lantic Ocean, when soundings were made for the telegraphic cable between Britain and America? 554. What is the greatest depth that has yet been observed in the Atlantic, and where does it occur ? 555. What is a di^edge, and what use is made of it? 556. To what part of the sea is the destructive action of the waves limited ? 557. How are the mud, earth, sand, and gravel disposed of, which the sea obtains from the crumbling sur- face of the land ? 558. What light has been obtained by means of the dredge, regarding the living things of the deep sea bottom? 559. What are shell-banks ? How formed ? 560. What is the length of the line that reaches from the top of the highest mountain to the bottom of the deepest mine ? GEOGRAPHY. 133 561. What has been the history of Vesuvius? 562. Mention any facts which show that different parts of the earth's surface are slowly changing their level. 568. In what way does the action of the earth's internal heat tend to counteract the general lowering of the level caused by the destructive action of air, rain, frosts, rivers, glaciers, and the sea? 564. Under what circumstances were the rocks of most of our hills and valleys formed ? 565. What are dikes ? How are they formed ? 566. Name the kinds of earthquake motion. Which is most dangerous ? 567. What is tufa? How is it formed ? 568. Name the principal volcanic mountains of North America. 569. What is a mountain-knot ? Give an example. 570. Define Azoic period. Palaeozoic period, Mesozoic period, and Cenozoic period. 571. State Darwin's theory for the presence of a lagoon within the reef. 572. In what different ways were plains formed ? 573. What do you understand by lines of trend ? 574. In which line of trend do the mountainous elevations of Asia extend ? 575. Name the classes of rocks according to their condition. 576. Name the classes of rocks according to their origin. 577. Name the classes of rocks according to the presence or absence of fossils. 578. Name the systems of inland drainage of the world. 579. Locate the three largest geyser regions of the world. 580. Describe travertine. How is it formed ? 581. What is the difference between an estuary and a delta ? 582. State the opinion of the origin of petroleum. 583. Does the drainage of North America resemble that of South America ? 584. Name the lakes that are salt. Why salt ? 12 134 LIVE QUESTIONS. 585. What Grand Division has the most extended system of inland drainage ? 586. What three distinct forms does the articulation of land and water assume ? 587. Locate the Telegraphic plateau. Describe it. 588. Why is the Mediterranean Sea salter than the Baltic ? 589. What are whirlpools ? Bores? Races? 590. How much heavier is salt water than fresh water ? 591. Who was the author of the first geography? 592. Why does the tidal wave progress from east to west ? 593. Upon what does the height and velocity of a wave depend ? 594. Why does the moon exert a greater influence in pro- ducing tides than the sun ? 595. Explain the different kinds of tides. 596. Explain the nature of the influence which the tidal wave exerts on the rotation of the earth. 597. Name the different kinds of currents, and tell their effects. 598. Does the Gulf Stream exert an influence on climate ? Show this. 599. Which currents would aid and which would retard the progress of a ship in sailing from America to Europe ? From America to Australia ? From New- York to San Francisco ? 600. Trace the progress of the Gulf Stream.* 601. Explain the origin of constant currents. 602. Why do the mathematical and physical zones not coin- cide ? 603. What is a %^/.? h fiord? K sound ? 604. Define the terms sound, belt, lagoon. 605. What is a tarn? A loch? A road? 606. What cold winds blow over Texas? 607. What is the mean annual temperature of Philadelphia? Of London? Of Mexico? Of Melbourne? 608. Describe the northeasters, and locate them. GEOGRAPHY. 135 609. What is meteorology ? Hypsometry? 610. Name the principal wind zones of the earth. 611. Explain the formation of water-spouts. 612.. What winds does the Great Desert cause? 613. What winds are caused by the deserts of Arabia and Nubia ? 614. To what do clouds owe their variety of forms? 615. Describe a rain-gauge. 616. What do you mean by dew-point? 617. What do you mean by St. Elmo's fire? 618. Name and define the kinds of lightning. 619. What is a mirage ? Give its cause. 620. Distinguish between tsogo?ial dind isoclinal lines. 621. What is evaporation ? Upon what does it depend? 622. What is the average rainfall in the United States? 623. Name the mountains that contain glaciers. 621. Name the periodical rain zones. 625. When does it rain in the zone of calms? 626; When does it rain in the zone of trade-winds? In the sub-tropical wind zones? 627. How many grains of vapor will one cubic foot of air hold? 628. Locate the rainless district of the Eastern Continent ; of the Western Continent. 629. What is the cause of the absence of rain in the above districts ? 630. Explain the phenomena of the rainbow. 631. What produces the sunset tints of the sky ? 632. What produces the blue color of the sky ? 633. What is believed to be the cause of the earth's mag- netism ? 634. What do you mean by the phenomenon of loofning ? 635. What is the difference between plant geography and botany ? 636. Name the plants which furnish valuable material for clothing. 136 LIVE QUESTIONS. C37. From what tree is quinine obtained ? 638. Where do we obtain ebony ? Mahogany? Cotton? Coffee ? 639. Describe the steppes. How are they produced ? 640. Name the food plants of the tropical regions. 6-4:1. Name the principal cereals. 642. Name the principal narcotics. 643. Name the principal spices. 644. What are deciduous trees ? Name them. 645. What is the true basis for the distribution of plant life? 646. From what tree is chocolate prepared ? 647. What is the difference between the horizontal and the vertical distribution of animals? 648. Name the tropical fauna, the temperate fauna, the Arctic fauna. 649. Name the chief Celtic nations. 650. Name the Slavonic nations, the branches of the Cau- casian race. 651. What can you say of Alaska? Name the principal river and town. 652. Describe the Weather Bureau. When established ? 653. What is the duty of the Weather Bureau ? 654. Name and locate the places where valuable metals are found in the United States. 655. Name the principal metals. Name the principal agri- cultural productions. 656. What is the ecliptic in geography ? 657. Explain the succession of seasons in full. 658. What proofs go to show of the probable unity of the human race? 659. What is the general direction of the equatorial cur- rents ? Why ? 660. Give an account of the earthquake at Lisbon, in 1755. 661. What is the cause of tornadoes? Of earthquakes? GEOORAPHV. 137 662. Why are the Andes of northern Chili dry on both slopes, and those of Columbia and Ecuador wet on both? 663. Why are the high western plains and plateaus so dry ? 664. What has been the historic function of Asia, and how was it adapted for this work ? 665. What has been the function of Europe, and how was it fitted for this work? Q&Q. Explain the formation of intermittent springs. 667. What would be the result if the earth's axis were per- pendicular to the plane of the orbit ? 668. What would be the result if it were inclined more than twenty-three and a half degrees? 669. What people adhere to the Brahmanic mythology? 670. Where does Buddhism prevail? 671. What are the leading occupations of civilized life? 672. What is the effect of sea-winds? 673. What do we mean by the primary races? By sec- ondary races ? 674. Describe the forests of the temperate zones. 675. How are mankind classified on the basis of their mode of life ? 676. Distinguish between a commercial city and a manu- facturing city. 677. Of what formation are the Feejee Islands? 678. What are the exports of the Sahara? 679. What is the surface of the Sunda Islands? 680. What is the religion of the mass of the people of China? 681. Where and what are the Tundras? 682. Where is the cultivable lands of Siberia? 683. When was the principality of. Roumania created ? How? 684. What can you say of the principality of Servia? 685. What can you say of Mount Cenis railway tunnel? 686. What forms the kingdom of Italy ? 12* 138 LIVE QUESTIONS. 687. What can you say of Athens? 688. Describe the government of the Free Cities. 689. What State is first in mining and the reduction of ores? (190. What can you say of the surface of Pennsylvania? 691, How is Mexico divided in regard to climate? 69:^. Name and describe the most populous city in Oregon. 693. What city of Great Britain is especially distinguished for the manufactory? 694. Whence does the Nile derive its waters? 695. Explain the constant parallelism of the axis. 696. For what is Mecca noted ? 697. What can you say of the province of Georgia, and for what are the people particularly noted ? 698. Name the peninsulas which comprise India. 699. What are the cardinal points of the horizon ? 790. Distinguish between //c-/i is, or what // was then." 101). Which gender is considered the most worthy? 110. In the following example give the gender of the words in italics, *'F]ach sex, dressing themselves in the clothes of the of/ier.'" 111. Ciive the feminine of r//, of rake, of mi Iter. 112. (live the masculine of sakcrhawk, of tzarina, of goody. Synthesis. 113. Write a sentence having an adverbial clause of con- dition and concession. 114. Write a sentence having an adverbial clause of result or effect. 11"). Write a sentence containing a substantive clause. 1 H>. Write a sentence in which the preposition /6'/- has no antecedent term of relation. 117. Write a sentence wherein a prepositional phrase is modified by an adverb. 118. Build a sentence in which a substantive phrase is modified by an adjective. 119. Construct a sentence having an imi)erative and an interrogative clause. GRAMMAR. 145 12(1. Make a list of ten simple and five compound prepo- sitions. \'1\. Mention six words commonly used as interjections. \'1'1. Build a sentence in which two adjectives are used sub- stantively. i'Z'.). Construct a sentence in which the substantive clause is the object of a verb. \'1\. Write a sentence in which the substantive clause is used as predicate noun. 125. Write a sentence containing a nominative absolute before a participle. 12(j. Write a sentence having a nominative absolute after a participle. Analysis. 127. We are quite sorry it is so. 128. There is no need that s\iq ha present. 129. Forgive as we forgive our enemies. 180. The cause of anxiety was, why he did not write. K>1. Where there is no law, there is no transgression. 182. In attempting to rescue his friend he forgot to care for himself. 1 88. I have shown_y^?/ little more than the outline of this scene. 184. We thought it strange for him to deceive us. 135. vSatan is with great art described as owning h'-i)^ adver- sary to be Almighty. 186. The man has many houses to let on Pine street. 187. Some books are to be tasted^ others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested ; that is, some books are to be read only in parts ; others to be read, but not curiously ; and some few are to be read 7vholly, and with diligence and attention. 185. ' Tis almost morning ; I would have thee gone, And yet r\o further than a wanton's bird ; Who lets // hop a little from her hand, And with a silk thread plucks it back again. So loving-jealous of its liberty. 13 14(j LIVE QUESTIONS. loO. J ivould 1 were (hat bird. 1-1(1. Sweet, so would 1. 111. John said that James said that Ilrnry sells dear. \V1. My wife and 1 fell out and v^t/ell out — my wile and I. 141). Every now and then he would yell furiously. 144. But a few men were out hunting yesterday. 1 If). All 1 have to say ''icdiat are you at'out.'" 1 MI. 4'hey are alike and they jjlease alike. 1 17. .///heart they live, . The winter, and also the spring has its pleasures. 150. Sue h characters are ea lied figures ; as, i, 2, .'>, I, etc. 151. We find fault to his apjjointment ^/j" secretary. 152. lie fell asleep as 1 found \\ illiani asleep. 15.'). 1 )() your hest, he /^<"^Vcan tell the tones he loved the lest. 151. He is to blame for all this shameful conduct. 155. Man hut for this were active to no end. 15(5. "Oh, blindness to the future; V\\\A\s given, That each may fill the cir( le marked by Heaven, Who sees with ecpial eye, as (iod (^'i all, A hero perish, or a sj)arrovv fall. Atoms or systems into ruin hurf d, And now a bubble bu/st and now a world." 157. More than a hundred children's children rode on his knee. False Syntax. 158. He that was dead sat uj) and began to s])eak. 151). I intended last year to have visited you. l(!(l. His reputation and his estate were both lost by gam- bling and dissipation. 1(11. 4'he cares of this life or the deceit fulness of riches have clioked the seeds in man\' a promising mind. l()!i. Verse and prose on some occasions run into one another like light and shade. — Blai?-\^ Rhet. IGo. Tor mankind have always been butchering each other. GRAMMAR. 147 104. But I wish to distinguish the three high ones from each other also. — Fowle' s True Eng. G?'a?n. 1(15. Those girls to which I referred come here. ]0(J. He has been left no less than £8000. 1()7. I do not know who 1 shall get. 108. All the metals are less useful than iron. 109. 'I'his trade enriched some people more than it enriched them. — Murray's Gram. 170. Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age. — Gen. 171. Of all other simpletons, he was the greatest. — Nut- ting's Eng. Idioms. 172. Man is capable ©f being the most sociable of any animal. 178. Because I think him best informed of any naturalist who has ever written. — -Jefferson' s Notes. 174. I'll learn you how to behave yourself. 175. If you cannot do that much, you can be of no use to me. 170. The name of a Roman was once a synonym for great- ness. 177. The river raised very rapid. 178. The boy took suddenly ill, and feels very bad yet. 17!). How more are ye better than the fowls. — Luke. 180. And to instruct their pupils in the most thorough and best manner. 181. Or, as a moat defensive to a house, Against the envy of less happier lands. — Shak. 182. The Anglo-Saxon language possessed, for the two first persons, a dual number. — Fowler' s Eng. Gram. 183. It is a remarkable good likeness. 184. Do you feel as bad as you look? 185. He said he felt very badly. 18(;. Words not reducible to either of the three preceding heads. — Eowler's Eng. Gram. 187. Here are ten oranges ; take either of them. im LIVF. QUESTIONS. ]0. How are the comi)ound relatives formed? -(M). Mention the several ways in which wJiich is used, in which 7v]iat is used, and in which tJiaf is used. -01. Which of the relatives are indeclinable? 20:^. What is a verb? What an intransitive verb? What a transitive verb? What a verb in the passive voice? 20:>. Give the classification of verbs according to their nature; according to their form. !i04. Do intransitive verbs ever become transitive, and vice versa? If so, when? (iive examples. 205. What attributes have intransitive verbs? GRAMMAR. 149 2(1(1. What properties belong only to fniite verbs? 1^07. Why are verlfs called by that name ? '20H. What is an active-transitive verb ? 2(MI. What is an active-intransitive verb? 210. What are moods in grammar? 211 . How many moods are there, and what are they called ? 212. Define each mood, and define the terms infinitive, potential, imperative, etc. 218. What are tenses in grammar? 214. How many tenses are there, and what are they called ? 215. Which are the absolute, and which the relative tenses? 21G. Define the terms absolute and relative as applied to tense. 217. Define a redundant verb, a defective verb, a regular verb, an irregular verb, a copulative verb. 21S. What is conjugation ? Define the term conjugation. 219. Distinguish between an auxiliary verb and an imper- sonal verb. 220. How is a verb conjugated negatively ? 221. What do we mean by the principal parts of a verb? 222. lo what style is the inflecting oi shall, zvill, may, can, should, would, 7ni^i:;ht, and could now restricted ? 22l>. What is the synopsis of a verb? 224. Give the principal parts of abide, belay, betide, seethe, reave, rive, work, mulct, lade, slit, lie, lay. 225. How many redundant verbs are there? 22(). Distinguish between the infinitive and the participle. 227. How many kinds of participles are there, and what are they called ? 22S. State how the participles are formed, and give exam- ples of each. 229. What are the participles of the following verbs, accord- ing to the simplest form of conjugation : Set, know, appear. 230. What are the signs of the tenses ? Give examples. 281. Why are infinitives and participles not finite? ];5* 150 LIVIi: QUESTIONS. 232. Have participles voice? Can you exemplify this? 283. Give examples of compoimd participles. 234. Give examples of composite forms of a verb. 235. Parse the italicized in the following : He named Jiim- s elf Dick, and he named Dick Jolui. 236. Give all the properties to the italicized words in the following : They named him Henry, and he was named Henry. 237. How do you distinguish the verbal adjective from the true participle? 238. How are adjectives formed from verbs? 239 240 241 242 243 244 How are adjectives formed from adjectives? How are adjectives derived from nouns? Why do abstract nouns have no plural? How is the word news parsed concerning number? Did the form new (tidings) ever exist? What can you say of the words means, tidings, siim- 7nons, nuptial, thank, wage, optics, physics, and mathematics, with regard to number? 245, Name some of the ways how verbs are derived from nouns. 24G. Name some words made up of nouns and verbs, of nouns and adjectives, of nouns and nouns, of nouns and adverbs, of nouns 2iYi(S. preposifioiis, of verb and verb. 247. What are infinitives and participles? 248. Parse the italicized words in the following: "T am singing, and I ajn singing a song. ' ' 249. What is the sign of the infinitive, and when omitted? 250. Parse the word idle in the following: "They did nothing but idle about." 251. Is the infinitive ever the object of a preposition ? Synthesis. 252. Build a sentence having an infinitive object of a prep- osition. GRAMMAR. 151 253. Write a sentence containing flian as a preposition. 25-I-. Write a complex sentence having two adverbial clauses of time. 255. Write a sentence having a noun in apposition with a preposition. 256. Write a sentence, the pronoun tliemselves in the nomi- native case. 257. Write a sentence having what as an adverb. 25.S. Build a sentence having for its attribute an adverbial phrase. 259. Build a sentence having for its attribute a phrase. 260. Name i\it predicate in the following: ''There is a pleasure in being alone after the excitement of much society." 261. In the sentence, "It is singular that you should make that mistake," how is the subject modified ? 262. Parse the italicized words in the following: "He ran so fast that I could not overtake him. " " He spoke loud that I might hear him." 268. Write a sentence using when as a noun. 264. Write a sentence having would as principal verb. 265. Write a sentence using worse as a noun. 266. In the sentence, " I told him that we should be there," to what does the adjunct him belong ? Analysis. 267. I am the man who commands. 268. More worth to men, more joyous to themselves. 269. Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled, And still where many a garden flower grows wild, There, where a few torn shrubs the place disclose The village preacher's modest mansion rose. 270. There is a limit at which forbearance ceases to be a virtue. 271. Loveliest of lovely things are they, on earth, that soonest pass away. 152 LIVE QUESTIONS. 272. What in me is dark, Illumine ; what is low, raise and support. 273. In the day t/ia/ thou eatest thereof thou shalt die. 274. I know a bank whereon the wild thyme grows. 275. The Son of man had not a place where to lay his head. 276. While on this part of the subject, I may remark. 277. ''Night, sable goddess, from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden, o'er a slumbering world." 278. Having first procured guides, we began our ascent of the mountain. 279. The sea is as deep as the mountains are high. 280. Go 7vhere we may, we find traces of sin. 281. Seest thou yon dreary \A':vl\-\, forlorn and wild, The, seat of desolation, void oi light. Save where the glimmering of these livid flames Casts /c7/(? and dreadful. 282. It is here that he saw me. 283. It is true that he saw me. 281. £10,000 worth of sugar were destroyed in one sugar- house. 285. Somehow or other, he is alwaysyfrj-/. 286. Every noic and then we heard the cannon l?oofn. 287. La Fayette 7vas made inuch of by everybody. 288. We took \X. for granted XhdX you had started. 289. Maicgre all you can say, I am resolved not to go. 290. I took the cars for Buffalo, via Dunkirk, but on arriv- ing there found myself minus my purse. 291 . " Here lies what once was Matthew Prior ; The son of Adam and Eve. Can Bourbon or Nassau claim higher?''^ 292. ''Think for thyself one good idea, But known to be thine own. Is better than a thousand gleaned From fields by others sown." GRAMMAR. 153 False Syntax. 293. How many spoonsful make two cupsful? 294. It is a general time of plenty, and crops are excellent. 295. Hoist me down in the coal-mine. 296. The foreigner could neither read nor write. 297. Scotland and thee did each in other live. — Dryden. 298. You had l)est not anger me, if you would go in peace. 2!)9. The doctor, in his lecture, said that fever always pro- duced thirst. 300. Prompted by the most extreme vanity, he persisted in writing bad verses. 801. What can be the cause of the parliament neglecting so important a business ? 302. Man never is, but always to be blest. 303. Either you or I are in the wrong. 304. On either side of the river was there the tree of life. 305. I will be obliged to go home to-morrow. 30(1. I cannot help thinking of those bad news you brought. 307. Nothing is more preferable to a good character. 30. i'A'ery gentleman and laily should remember that they are responsible for the example they set to the world. 880. llere is an opportunity for you and 1 to distinguish ourselves. Principles. 8.81. I'A'plain in what way certain verb-forms not derived l)y inllection, are made up. 882. What is an adverb? Give the etymology of the term. 888. Classify adverbs, (live examples of each class. 884. What is a conjunctive adverb. Give an example. 885. Explain ///r in '* the more the merrier." 88(1. How do you parse " //lus far'" in "thus far is right." 887. ** J'light ai^ainsf the eastern gate Where the great sun begins his state." Parse the italicized words. 338. What can you say of tmicli, little, far, all, too, how, thus? etc. 881). Vwx^st plainly in "Homer plainly an orator." 840. Parse even in "Behold J, even 1, do bring a flood of waters." 841. Di) adverbs ever bear s})Ccial relation to nouns or l)r() nouns ? 842. Parse up, up, in "Up, up, (llentarkin ! rouse thee, ho.^' GRAMMAR. 155 343. Parse unfortunately in " Unfortunately for the lovers of antiquity, no remains of Grecian paintings have been preserved." 344. Is there a detinite general rule for the placing of adverbs? 345. Does an adverb ever separate the infinitive verb and its preposition ? Give an example. 34(). Parse properly in " Honor teaches us properly to respect ourselves." 347. Parse no in " Our courteous Antony, whom ne'er the word of no woman heard speak." — Shak. 348. Parse none, no, not Siud explain these terms in "There is none righteous; no, not one." 341). Is not properly placed in "It is not the business of virtue to extirpate the affections of the mind, but to regulate them." 350. Parse tliere in "There is one glory of the sun," etc. 351. Parse never and so in "The Lord reigneth, be the earth never so unquiet." 352. What is an expletive ? Give an example. 353. Give the etymology of the term conjunction. 354. What are corresponding conjunctions? Give ex- amples. 355. Parse tliat in "That you have wronged me, doth appear in this." 35tJ. Parse tliat in " He spoke low, that I might be more prudent." 357. Parse as in " The words are as follow." 358. Which is correct. The words are as follow or the words are as follows ? 359. Explain the meaning of "as follows" or "as follow." 3(50. Distinguish between "as follows" and "as appears." 3G1. Does good English ever sanction tlian to be construed as a preposition ? 362. Par.se only and also in "Not only the men but the women also were present." 156 LIVE qUESTIONS. 363. Name the classes of conjunctions; define each class and give etymology of the terms. 364. What is a preposition ? Give the etymology of the term. 365. What are some of the relations prepositions express? 366. How are many prepositions compounded ? 367. Parse /^r and that in ''It is more needful for you, that I should abide in the flesh." 368. Parse y^r Siwd/or in "It is more needful /"^r you, for me to abide in the flesh." 369. What is done when a preposition begins or ends a sentence or clause ? 370. What are the terms of relation between which a prep- osition may be used?" 371. Distinguish between "To walk into the garden," and " To walk in the garden." 372. Between or betwixt ; among or amongst. Explain their use. 373. Parse the italicized words in "To have laid fast Jwld of it in his mind." 374. What do you mean by the "splitting of particles?" 375. What is an interjection ? Give the etymology of term. 376. Have interjections any syntax? 377. Has any of our interjections the power of governing sometimes the nominative case and sometimes the objective ? 378. Parse O in " O, Alexander! thou hast slain thy friend." 37!). In " O, \\\o\\ persecutor,'' and " O, wretched /r///r guide to happiness on high." GRAMMAR. 167 609. ''In winter, awful TAou, with clouds and storms Around Thee throivn, tempest o'er tempest roU'd, Majestic darkness I On the whirlwind's wing, Riding sublime, Thou bid'' st the world adore ; And humblest nature with thy northern blast." 610. " The chamber where the good man meets his fate, Is privileg\d beyond the common walk Of virtuous life, quite in the verge of heav'n." 611. ''A dust, dug from the bowels of the earth. Which, being cast into the fire, caine out A shining thing that fools admired, and called A god; and in devout and humble flight Before it kneeled, the greater to the less. ' ' 612. "Love, and his sister fair, the soul. Twin-born, from heaven together came." 618. '• Here rests his head upon the lap of earth, A youth to fortune, and fame unknown.'' 614. " Who lives to nature rarely can hQ poor, \W\-\o lives to fancy never can be rich.'" 615. Make a proper use of your time, and remember that when it is once gone it ca?i never be recalled. 616. When a man loses his integrity, he loses the founda- tion of his virtue. 617. According to some ancient philosphers, the sun ({uenches his flames in the ocean. False Syntax (Critical). 6I(S. He or you are in the wrong. — Incorrect. Bain. 611). He or you is surely to be present. — Incorrect. Hill. 62(1. You think you shall go to the city, then? 621. My father loveth flowers, but he loves his children best. 622. Charles is the tallest of his three brothers. 623. Be not too tame neither. 624. He comes ; nor want nor cold his course delay. 1(38 LIVE QUESTIONS. 625. He thinks that he will soon return. 62(). The ebb and flow of the tides were explained by Newton. 627. Great numbers were killed on either side. 628. This kind of wit is that which abounds in Cowley more than in any other author that ever wrote. — Addison. 62!). Seated on an upright tombstone, close to him was a strange unearthly figure, whom Gabriel felt at once was no being of this world. — Dickens. 630. A husband, on receiving news of the sudden and violent death of a lady in whom he had so near an interest, might have been- expected to have at least gone in person to the spot. — Froude. 631. I have never seen Major Cartwright, much less enjoy the honor of his acquaintance. 632. Each, in their turn, like Banquo's monarchs stalk. — Byron. 633. And tell what each of them by th' other lose. — Shak., Cori. Hi, 2. • Analysis (Critical). 634. ^^Away, old man; give me thy hand ; away."" 635. "-^ I' 11 hence to London, on a serious matter." 636. This is quite a different ; yes, '' this is a quite differ- ent thing." 637. ^^ Told of a many thousand warlike French." 638. '^But ever to do ill our sole delight. As being contrary to his high will." 639. I'll have thee hanged to feed the crew. 640. Miss Mary loves to sit up late, either reading or being read to. 641. The hour concealed, and so remote the fear, Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. 642. Conscience, her first law broken, wounded lies. 643. I hope she takes me to be flesh and blood. GRAMMAR. 169 ()44. /f I were not Alexander, I would be Diogenes. 045. Till then, in blood by noble Percy lie. G4(). One moj-n, a Peri at the gate Of Eden stood, disconsolate. (UT. History is philosphy teaching by examples. ()48. ['■No7v is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by the sun of York." 041). ''O, mother myn, that c leaped v^Qrt Argyue, No worth that day that thou me bare on lyne.'' — Chaucer. 650. What touches us ourself, shall be last served. False Syntax (Critical). 651. Though the construction will *not admit of a plural verb, the sentence would certainly stand better thus : The king, the lords, and the commons, form an excellent constitution. — Murray. 652. And sometimes two unaccented syllables follow each other. — Blair' s R. 65o. We abound more in vowel and diphthong sounds than most languages. 654. Covetousness is what, of all vices, enters the deepest into the soul. 655. However disagreeable, we must resolutely perform our duty. — Murray' s Key. 656. What nouns frequently succeed each other ? — San- born^ s Gram. 657. Repeat some adverbs that are composed of the article a and nouns. — Kirkhani s G. 658. I suppose each of you think it is your own nail. — Abbot f s Teacher. 659. A ship expected ; of whom we say, she sails well. — Ben Jons on' s Gram. 660. No monstrous height, or length, or breadth appear. — Pope. 661. Tell me in sadness whom is she you love. — Shak. 15 170 /. I VE q UES TIO XS!. G&2. He dare not touch a liair of Catiline. (U^i). A letter is a character that denotes one or more oi' the elementary sounds of language, and is the least distinct part of a written word. — KcrP s C. S. (U)4. It seemed that to waylay and murder the king and his brother was the shortest way. — Min\n(/av. ()(),"). What can be the cause of the parliament neglecting so important a business? ^^^i\. That is seldom or ever the case. (U)7. Not only Delaware, but all New York was in a blaze. GG8. Give me it. Analysis (Critical). ()G9. The more sleek the J^rey, the greater the temptation ; and no wolf will leave a lamb fo dine upon a por- cupine. i)70. If I will that lie tarry //// I come, :^'hat is that to thee? (ill. They may say "It is wr," if they ivisJi to. 1)72. He expects the Jiorse to be Jiarnessed by him. 073. He expects him to harness the horse. G74. Who labor in this work of hell, foul and tlark, os may become the emissaries of so horrible a trade. 675. Tho' tost to sight, to memory dear. (>7(). "■ Woe worth the dav, woe worth the chase that took away my gallant gray." (>77. "His head was frozen into a pool of blood and water." ()78. " The Chinese are said to have invented music." 67!>. ''As the bird by wandering, as the swallow by flying. so the curse causeless shall not come." (i8(K As a bird that wandereth from her nest, so is a man that wandereth from his place. 081. " IVhat made thee, when they a// icere i:;one And nofie but thou and /alone. To act the devil, ^wd forbear To rid me of my hellish fear?" 682. AVho dared to nobly stem tyrannic />'vVi'. GRAMMAR. 171 False Syntax (Critical). (I8!i. I rlefy any candid and clear thinker to deny in the name of inductive sc;ience either of these six prop- ositions. — Rev. Jos. Cook. (I!S4. Here is a life of Johnson, accompanied by copious extracts from his writings. (585. The good ship sunk, overwhelmed with the surging waters. 080. I woubt if the world ever saw such a fleet before. 687. You cannot certainly doubt but he will keep his promise. 088. Name each King of England in succession. 089. I have no fears but what they will answer. CRITICISE WITH REGARD TO CLEARNESS. (Continue this exercise.) 000. He labored to involve his minister in ruin, who had been the author of it. 001. Entering, with the key in his hand, he shut the door, and put it in his pocket. 092. He returned the book when he drove up in the car- riage that he borrowed. 093. James told his brother that he would have to black his boots. 694. I neither estimated myself highly nor lowly. CRITICISE WITH REGARD TO ENERGY. (Continue this exercise.) 095. I was forced to go home partly by force and partly by stealth. 090. The old inform the young, and the young may ani- mate those who are advanced in life. 097. I went home full of a great many reflections. 698. I hope this is the last time I shall act so imprudently. 172 LIVE QUESTIONS. ()99, The writings of Buchanan, and especially his " Scot- tish History," are written with strength, perspi- cniitv, and neatness. Exercises, etc. CRITICISE WITH REGARD TO HARiMONV. (Student may continue this exercise.) TOO. It was as glorious a scene as I have ever seen. 701. He then became king; but no one who had known him believed that he would make a good king. 702. 'Twas thou that soothed the rough rugged bed of pain. 7(^o. After the most straightest sect of our religion, I lived a Pharisee. NAME THE FIGURES GIVEN RELOW. (Continue tliis exercise.) 704. Ingratitude ! thou marble-hearted fiend. 705. Ingratitude ! thou fiend, with heart like marble. 70(>. He is fond of his bottle. 707. O gentle sleep. Nature's soft nur.se! 70S. Life is a sea, how fair its face, How smooth its dimpling waters pace I 709. He deserves the palm. 710. Here once the embattled farmers stood, And fired the shot heard round the world. CRITICISE THE FOLLOWING FAULTY FIGURES. (Continue this exercise.) 711. The death of Cato has rendered the Senate an orphan. 712. We must keep the ball rolling until it becomes a thorn in the side of Congress. GRAMMAR. 173 718. Hope, the balm of life, darts a ray of light through the thickest gloom. 714. A torrent of superstition consumed the land. 715. The colonies were not yet ripe to bid adieu to British connection. INSERT THE PROPER WORDS IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES SELECTINCi FROM THE SYNONYMS GIVEN. (Continue ad. lib^) Offence .1 trespass, affront, misdemeanor, uiisdeed, transgression. 716. We the moral or civil law. 717. Forgive the barbarous of my tongue. Heap, pile, accumulate, ainass. 718. In these odes glittering but graceful ornaments have been . 719. This would I celebrate with annual games. With gifts on altars — ■ , and holy flames. Excessive, immoderate, intemperate. 72(1. Who knows not the languor that attends every indulgence in pleasure. 721. With them it rises to expectations founded on their supposed talents and imagined merits. Peace, cptiet, calm, tranquility. 722. A paltry tale-bearer will discompose the of a whole family. 723. '' Indulgent pow'r serene. Mother of , and joy, and love." To unfold, unra7iel, develop. 724. " And to the sage-instructing eye The various twine of light." 15* 174 LIVE QUESTIONS. 725. You must be sure all your designs to a jealous man . 72fi, The character of Tiberius is extremely difficult . VARY THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY CIRCUMLOCUTION. 727. The sun has set. 728. Knowledge is power. 729. Lincoln is dead. 730. Geography is useful. YARY THE F0LL0W1N(; SENTENCES I?Y RECASTING THEM. 731. The age of chivalry has gone. 732. Great Britian is an island. 733. The Bible is a very ancient book. 734. Man is mortal. EXAMPLE : MAN IS MORTAL. Variations. Man must die. Man's end is death. Death is over every creature. Humanity is doomed to die. Mortality is the universal decree. Man can not live forever. The grave awaits all men. Man's mortality is certain. The death-penalty has been passed upon all men. GIVE RHETORICAL AND GRAMMATICAL REASONS IN CORRECTING THE FOLLOWIN(; ERRORS. 735. John admitting Henry to the room may seem strange to some. 736. John fearing an outbreak, bade Henry leave the room. 737. Though the measure be mysterious, it is worthy of our attention. 738. If he does but approve my endeavors, it will be an ample reward. GRAMMAR. 175 7)>J). There is no one, that did his best. (Parse the in- serted word. ) 74(1. 1 prefer being right rather than be president. 741. James, are you hurt? " Not as I know of." 742. William loves Charles equals Gulielmus amat Carolum. What is " Charles loves William " equal to? F^x- plain the superior advantage to secure clearness the Latin language has over the English, from the ex- amples given. 748. I esteem you more than or as much as they. I esteem you more than or as much as them. Which is correct ? 744. " Blessed are the meek ! " That was one of his obser- vations. 745. x\ foreigner said while bathing, " I will be drowned ; nobody shall help me." 746. In his confab he made a spec, for himself. 747. I noticed in his phiz that he played the poz hyp. 748. Woman without her man would be a savage. 749. Lost : A cow belonging to an old woman with brass knobs on her horns. 750. Wanted : A man to plow with a Roman nose. 751. Sidney Smith said to the chapter of St. Paul's, con- cerning the proposal to lay a wooden pavement around the building, " If we lay our heads to- gether, the thing is done." Is this witty or humor- ous? Can you change it? Miscellaneous. 752. What are the principal sources of the English lan- guage ? 753. What do you understand by philology ? 754. When is the infinitive form called a gerund ? 755. Distinguish each of the four forms in i7ig from the three others, one by one. 176 LIVE QUESTIONS. 756. What is meant by difference of voice? 757. To signify difference of voice, what is done besides inflecting the verb itself? 758. Mention the chief of the cumulative conjunctions, and name all the co-ordinating illative conjunctions. 759. Tell what you can of the history of the English lan- guage. 760. To what extent is our language a science ? 761. What is your view of the origin of language ? Divine or acquired ? 762. What adverbs are also prepositions? How may prepositions be supposed to become conjunctions? 763. What are the two different uses of words? 764. In what way do we best discover differences ? 765. What are the facts that all knowledge begins from? 766. What is the meaning o^ genits and species? 767. What is the difference between Pittsburgh has a mayor, and all the Pennsylvanian towns have mayors ? 768. Why are class names ^i,*-*?;/*?;'^/ and significant? 769. What part of speech do the lower animals use? 770. How are compound sentences contracted ? 771. How is the adverbial clause contracted? 772. Name the instances in which form aids us in deter- mining the office of words. 778. Explain the force of the relative clause in the sen- tence, " He that hath ears to hear, let him hear." 774. What words are used to introduce noun clauses? 775. In what order are the parts of speech mastered by the child learning to talk ? 776. What are some of the leading laws to be observed in the construction of good language ? 777. What view is taken of the negative 7tot in the analysis of sentences? 778. Show by examples what various positions the adjective clause may have in the sentence. GRAMMAR. 177 779. Explain in full what we mean by a part of speech. 780. What verbs have a double inflection ? 781. Mention verbs that neither modify the root-vowel nor add en. 782. What are the original meanings of shall diwd oi will ? 783. What are the characteristic inflections in verbs of the old conjugation ? 784. In the saying, ''We owe you nothing," who are de- noted by we ? In ' ' // rains, ' ' to what does it refer ? 785. What is the mode of reference in such expressions ''lord it,'" "brave it out;'' and how do you parse /// 786. What is the chief relative of restriction? Give sen- tences showing the difference between co-ordina- tion and restriction. 787. What is meant by an element ? 788. What is meant by declension, and why so-called? 789. What is the difference between modification and in- flection ? 790. On what principle is all grammatical construction founded ? 791. In the saying, '' We pursue what pleases us," give the use of what. 792. What are pronominal adverbs ? Why are they called pronominal ? 793. (xive the comparative adverbs. 794. What are adverbs of belief and disbelief? 795. Give the meaning of "to,"" with examples. 79(1. Distinguish the meanings of "fory 797. Under what circumstances does the verb fail to agree with its subject in person and number? 798. When should the ess be added to form the feminine? When not ? 799. What is meant by adjunct elements? 800. What order do you observe in analyzing a sentence ? 801. How would you begin to teach the English Language ? 178 LIVE QUESTIONS. 802. Explain how to conduct a "Language Lesson." S0:>. What is the object in diagraming, and what is your view of its importance as a method of teaching Grammar? Give your reasons for such views. S04, Where is the inflection put in compound nouns? 805. What is meant by the superlative of eminence ? 80(!. Are adjectives inflected onlv for differences of degree ? ANALYZE, PARSE, CONSTRUCT, AND CORRECT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. 807. I never heard of this l)eiug questiojted. 808. Write a sentence having an infinitive used as a con- junction. 800. Write a sentence having a clause used as a conjunction. Note. — Be sure tJiat Nos. 808 and 800 do not escape your notice. 810. And even white fashion's brightest arts decoy, The heart, distrusting, asks if this If e Joy. 811. Ail tJiat he does is to distribute 7vhat others i)roduce ; whicJi is the least part of the business. 812. Nor second he that rode suldime Upon the seraph-wings of ecstacy. The secrets of the abyss to spy. 818. He that fights and runs away May live to figiit another day. 814. Man wants but little here below Nor wants that little long. 815. Every man should let his man-servant, and every man his maid-servant, being 2^ Hebrew or an Hebrewess, go free ; that none should serve himself of them, to wit, of A Jew his brother. No IE. — Why written a Hebrew or an Hebrewess? — See Jer. xxxiv., 9. GRAMMAR. 179 81 (i. The beautiful forest in which we were encamped abounded in bee-trees ; that is to say, trees in the decayed trunks of which wild bees had established their hives. 817. Correct the following sentence: ''The attempt may succeed in this case, but it is not often that it is safe to make it. SIS. Correct "He complained that he had suffered him only to use his horse for one day." 819. Correct ''Nine-tenths of the miseries and vices of mankind proceed from idleness." 820. Correct "Hoping to hear from you soon, believe me yours truly. ' ' 821. Correct " Some persons can only distinguish black, white, and gray." 822. C'orrect " That bliss which only centers in the mind." 828. Correct "You are the first that rears your head." 824. This is life indeed., life wortJi preservi]ig. 825. O God ! nietJiinks it were a happy life To Ik' no better tha?i a homely swain. 82(5. The knowledge of why they so exist, must be the last act of favor which time and toil will bestow. S27. Now, therefore, let thy servant abide in place of the lad, a bondman to my lord. 828. Here Cumberland lies, having acted his parts. The Terence of England, the member of hearts ; A flattering painter who makes it his care . To draw men as they ought to be, not as they are. 829. When civil dudgeon y^r^-/ grew high, And mQn fell out, they knew not why ; Then did Sir Knight abandon dwelling, And out he rode a-colonelling. 830. Leaves have their time to fall, And flowers to wither at the north wind's breath. 831. How France was saved from this humiliation, and how the Great Alliance was preserved, will now be seen. ISO LIVE QUESTIONS. 832. // fell upon a raw and gusty day, The troubled Tiber chafing with his shores. Soo. The rose that all are praising is not the rose for me. 834. The boy stood on the burning deck, Whence all but him had fled. 835. Home they brought her warrior dead. 83(). With droll sobriety they raised a smile, At Foliy s cost, themselves unmoved the while. 837. Those poets who owe their h^'sifame to his skill, Shall still be his flatterers, go where he tvill. CHAPTER VI I. LossiNG's Outline History of the United States. Numerals with a dash between, thus, 1-2, indicate that the topic is continued from page 1 to page 2 ; when in this form, 73, 98, it indicates that the topic is treated of separately in those pages. I have given the p(7^e's for the convenience of teachers. Discoveries. 1. Can you define the form and extent of the United States of America? 17. 2. What can you tell about the construction of the Gov- ernment of the United States? 7. 3. What have you to say about the earlier discoveries, and discoveries of America? 8. 4. What caused Columbus to seek Asia by sailing west- ward ? 7-8. 5. What did Queen Isabella do? 10. 6. What can you tell about the first voyage of Colum- bus? 11-18. 7. W\va.t land did Columbus first discover? 13. 8. What can you tell about the Indians and their hab- its? 15-18. 16 (181) 182 LIVE qV EST IONS. I), Can \()u give an account of the religion, government, mariiages, and burials of the Indians? 17. 10. What Inilian nations were found in North .America 1)\' luH-opeans? 1!>-2(I. 11. What can nou tell about other voyages of Columbus? 2(1-21. 12. AN'hat have you to say about Aniericus \\*s])ucius and the name of America? 21. l.'>. (li\e an account o( discoveries by Spaniards. 21-27. 1 I. What can \o\\ ti'll about Spaniards in Morida? 25-27. 15. W'lu) discovered the Mississippi Rix'cr, and when? 27. 1(). Who discoNcred Calit'ornia, and who explored its coasts ? 25, 27. 17. What can )'ou tell about Cabot and his ili.scoveries ? 28. IS. What ha\e you [o sav abt)ut the voyage of \'era/- /ani? 2!). 1!>. What can \'ou tell about discoveries in North America by the I'rench ? :>0. 20. What can you tell about Admiral Colign\ and his doings? ol. 21. (^live an account of the Huguenots in South Carolina and Florida:^ :{2. 22. What terrible cxents occurred in Idorida ? i>2. 2.">. What can wm tell about Francis Drake's exploits on the .\nuMican coasts? I>i>. 21. What have you to .say about Walter Raleigh? :}:)-o5. 25. Tell about Raleigh's efforts to plant a colonv in Amer- ica ? :i5. 2(t. What can von tell about a lost colony? .'>()-o7. 27. CiiNC an ai-count oi explorations of the coast of New England. 1)7. 28. What i-an \ou tell about the French in Nova S(xnia and on the St. T/iwreni'e? o7. 21). What can you tell about Henry Hudson and his dis- coveries ? o7-o8. JT J STORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 1R3 Settlers and Settlements. 30. What nations claimed America l)y right of discovery? 42. .'>!. What can you tell about Virginia, and companies fcjrmed for settling tlie country? 42. 82. (live an account of the first settlers in Virginia 48-44. 38. What romantic event occurred in Virginia? 45. 84. What can you tell about Cajjtain Smith and his exphj- rations? 44-45. 85. What can you tell about the unthrift and vicious con- diK t of the settlers in Virginia? 44, 45. 80. What can you tell about Pocahontas and her good services to the colony ? 45, 47. i>7. 'iell about the ''Starving time" in Virginia. 4!). 88. (live an account of Lord Delaware and the Commis- sioners for Virginia. 4!>. 81). What happy event occurred in Virginia after the arrival of the Commissioners? 49. 40. What can you tell about the kidnapping of Pocahontas, and her marriage and fate ? 40. 41. What can you tell about the charters of \\\it London Company ? 42, 47, 50. 42. What did the discoveries of Hudson lead to ? 51. 48. Give an account of the founding and settlement of New Netherland. 52-54. 44. Who discovered the Connecticnit River? 51. 45. What can you tell about the founding of Albany and the DutcJi West India Company ? 52. 40. What can you tell about families in New Netherland ? 52. 47. What can you tell about the Plymouth Company? 42, 58. 48. Tell about Captain Smith's exploration of New En- gland. 58. 49. What have you to say about the Puritans ? 53. ] 84 LIVE Q I J K STK) N S. 50. VVIiat can you Icll about a I'lirilan cinigratioii lo Hol- land and America? 511-51. 51. What can you tt-ll about the ^ovcrnrncnl and sufferings of the Puritans in Massachusetts? 55. 5^;. What can you tell about New llanii)shire, its founcbuL;- and its government ? 57. 5!). W hat can you tell about Lord Caltinioii' ? (iO. 5 1. What can you say about the settleuK-nt of Maryland and founding of the commonwealth ? (id -(12. 55. 'Cell al)out settlements in Conne( ticut. ()2. 5(). (live an account of the cause and i»rogress of llu' war with tin- re(|U()ds. (I.'l (I I. 57. What can you tell about the New 1 laven ( 'olony ? (!5. 58. What have you to say about Roger Williams and his banishment? (15. 5!>. What can you tell about the louiuling of the Provi- dence and Rhode Island settlements ? (>(>. ()0. 'l\'ll about tlu' '"Rlioilr /s/aiid aiitJ Pri>viiicnc(' Planfa- lioiisy ()(». (II. (live an account of the Swedes on the Delaware. (>7. (Hi. What (an you tell about the subjugation of the Swedes on the 1 )ela\vare? (!S. ().'>. (live an account of the settlement of New Jersey. (»S. (11. What can you tell about the founding of the Stale of New Jersey? CS (ID. (>5. What have you to say about hriends or (^)uakers? (!1>. (Id. What can you tell about William Penn and the found- ing and settlement of Pennsylvania? (II>. (17. 'l\'ll al)()ut Penn's treaty with the Indians, the govern- ment of iVnnsylvania, and founding of Philadeli)hia. (i!)-7(l. ()S. Give an account of settlers in North Carolina. 71. (>!>. llow and when was the counnonwealth of North Caro- lina established ? 71. 70. What can you tell about the settlement of South Caro- lina? 71-72. HISTORY 01^ THK UNITED STATES. ]85 71. Tell about the foiiiKling (jf Charleston, and the estab- lishment of the comnionvvealth of South Carolina. 72. What have you to say about the founding of the colony of Georgia? 78. The Colonies. 73. In what order did the States grow? 42, 77. 74. When was the first representative government in America established ? 77-7.S. 75. What can you tell about wives for the Virginia planters ? 7H. 7(1. What can you tell about the first introduction of negro slaves into the United States? 7.S. 77. Tell about a massacre by Indians in Virginia, and re- taliation. 7. 81. What can you say about civil war in England? 71). 82. Tell about a second massacre by Indians in Virginia? 71). 88. What can you tell about civil war in Virginia? 80. 84. What have you to say about Bacon and his '* rebellion ?" 80. 85. Tell about a revolution in England? SO. 8(5. What have you to say about the colony at Plymouth and the Indians? 81-82. 87. What have you to say about Massasoit? 82, 88. What can you tell about the partnership between '' The Pilgrims" and London Merchants? 55, 82. 89. What can you tell about the Massachusetts Bay Com- pany ? 88. 90. Tell about the founding of Boston. 83. 16* IH. II !ir.. !»(;. !I7. !IS. !>!>. 00 01. OL'. o;{. 01. or>. 0(1. 07. OS. 0!). 10. I I. // / r a; o 1 1 lis t lit N s. VVIi.il (.'III yi»ii Icll .ilxMil I licoloj'K :il (|i!,|Mil(-, ;ilivci iiiiKiil III M.ii.s.K liir.cM;. r.;iy .-^ HI. \Vli;il li.ivc yon In '„i y .ilioiil ko^cr VV illi.iiii .iiid Amu* I I ill( liili'.oli, III IVl;i:,'.;i< liir.cl Is ^ Hi. Wii.il < ;iii \'<)ii Icll .ihoiil ,1 New I'.iij'hinl ( oiiifflcr.M y, ;iii(| llic |M i|iiil;il ion ol New I'.iij'I.iihI :■• .S I Sfj. W I I.I I li.ivc yoii lo s;iy ;iIkiiiI [n »IiI k •, .hk I pi i t',|M'i il y in IVl;iss;i< liir.cllsi^ Sf). Tell ;il)()iil I he lii'.l (oiii.ijM- III I lif I 1 nilcd Sl;ilcs. Hf). (iiv<- .'III :ii)<)iiiil (il llic |ici',c( ijl M )ii ol I'liciids or <,)ii;ikci:, III M;i',;.ii« liiiscll:,. Sn. VVii.'il ( :iii yoii Icll :i|)oiil In:, I i c:,i;,l,iii( c lo l.'ix.ilioii in M;is:,;i( liir.cll;. i' SO. ( 1 i vc .'III ;i( ( oiiiil ol I In' ( .iii'.c .iiid |)fo/.;i'i'SS ol Kin^ riiilip's w.ii. SV 110. Tell :ihoiil llicdc'.liii. hoii ol llic N;iii;i;;;inscls. SH 00. ( )vci wli.il cxiciil did l\iiii', riiilip's w.ii s|)r(';id ? 00. Wli.'il ( .III yon Icll ol llic dc.'illi ol Km;' I'liilipi' !»0. \Vli;il vv.i:. done Willi Kliij', I 'li i 1 1 p's l.nn 1 1 \ i' !M). VVIiiil ( ;iii \()ii Icll .ihoiil ;iii .'illeinpl lo l;ike.'i\v:iy llic New i'Jijd.iiid < 'li.iilcrs? IM). \\ li.il (.111 \'oii Icll .iltoiil W illi.nn .111(1 M:ii\ of V.w |d:iiid,,iii(l I lie ( ;iii:,c ol \v;ir\villi I'Liik c .^^ 01. ( live .III ;i( ( oiinl ol "Kill)', Willi.inr;. W'.ii . " 01 Oli. W li:il li:i\ (' \ on lo s.iy .'ilioiil llic I' i iin li .iiid liidi.iiis? W li;il ( .III \(iii Icll .iltoiil S( lic|ic( l;i(l\ , ;iiid .111 c\pi'- dil loll ;i;',;iinsl < 'nn.id.i \' !M . Wli.'il (.'III ^'oii Icll .ilioiil ;i ( li.iiij'c III !;o\ CI liinclil ill New l';ii,d.iii(l ,' 1 01!, ( ii\'c :iii :i( ( oiinl ol llic l>c;'iniiin<; :ii)(l rc!.iill ol llu' /' .Salem wih Ik lall " dcln.ioii. Oli. ( live an a( ( (»iiiil (»l " ( )iieeeii Anne's War." !>'J I . Tell ajxMil llic (oiiledeia( \ ol llic /'//V N(l//(>//s. !•.'{. Wlial can \(mi Icll ahoiil cxpcdilioiis aj^ainsl Nova S((»lia and ('anada, and llic ri'siill ^ 05. iiisToi:)' or 77//'; n\r/'/<:n statics. is7 i:{. \Vli;il (.III yi)ii Icll ;il)<)iil Km;.', Ccor^M-'s Wiir ? IM. II. VVIkiI li.ivc you lo s;iy oImii cxiicdil ion ;ij.,',;iinsl Loiiis- hiiri^, in 17 If)? IM. If). 'IVIi ;il)oiit D'Anvillc, ills cxpcdilion, :in(l l.ilc. Itf). Id. Wli.il lr(;il y ended K in;-, ( leoi>',e's VV.ii .-^ itf). 17. VVIiMl ( ;ni you lell ;iIjouI ;,(I I Icuk nl:, in New Neliiei l:ind ^ !»(i •>7. IH. Wli.il liave you lo s.iy ;d)oul I'li/roons? 07. III. VVIi.il liMve you lo s.iy .dtoul ( iovernor;; V;in 'rwiller .umI Kiefl ? !I7. l!(). Tell .ijjoul |>o|)iil;ii re|>ic:,enl;il ives in New N.S. 22. VV li;il li.ive y(ju lo say :d)oul ( iovernor Sluyves.inl ? HH. 2.'i. '\\-\\ ;d)oiil SluyvesMnl':, lioiihles willi the Swedes and the I'Jl^'jlsh. !)!>. 21. Wli.il h.ive you losiiyahoul ;i re|)ie',enl;ili ve ;issend)ly in New NelJKTJ.Mid ^ ll!». 25. Oive ;ni ;i« < ouni ol liie surrender of New Nelheij.nid to the- l'jijj,li:Ji, .uid rh;inj.M' in iIk* niinie ol ihe ))rovin( c. 100. 20. 'IVII how ;ind when New Vol k was icl;d.en hy the I )ul( h, ;nid .i^ain surrendered lo Ihe l'ji|^li;,li. HKI. 127. VVIial have y(JU lo say ahoul a Cliiuhr of Liht'i/irs lor New York? 101. 12H. Whal have you lo say ahoul Liesler and polilMal niovenieiits in New York? lOl. 120. Whal have you lo say ahoul ihe vindifalion ol I he Ireedoin ol ihe |)ress, in Nc-w York? 102. I!>0. Whal liave you to siy ahoul repre'.ental i ve govern- nieiit in Maryland, and a I )e( l.n.ii ion ol Rights? lo:'.. I.'JI. Whal (an you lell .ihoul ('layhoine in Maryland? i:'*2. What have you lo say about the M;irylan87. What have you to say about I'resident Jackson ? 28;"). .'>88. What have you to say about troubles in CJeorgia, and the United States Hank? 287-288. '.W.). (iive an account of troubles with Indians in the Northwest. 287. .'*!I0. What have y(ju to say about trouble in South ('aro- lina with Nullifiers? 287. ){!)!. (live an account of war with Southern Indians. 288, 289, 291. .'i92. What was Jackson's ijrincijjle of action with foreign governments? 289. '*)9*>. What can you tell about business and its troubles? 290. Ii91. (live an account of disturbed peaceful relations be- tween the United States and Great Ihitain. 291. 895. What have you to say about President Harrison ? 298. 89(5. What have you to remark about President Tyler and his administration ? 2!)4. 897. Tell about troubles in Rhode Island. 294. 898. What have you to say about Texas ? 295-290. 8!I9. What can you tell about the electro-magnetic tele- graph ? 295. 490. What have you to say about President Polk ? 290. 401. (live an account of the beginning of the war with Mexico. 297. 402. 4 ell about the Battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma. 298. 408. (Jive an account of a grand \)\dn of cam[)aign. 298. 202 L I VK QUEST 10 NS. 404. 'IV'II about Taylor and Wool's invasion of Mexico. 21)1). 405. What was done on the Mexican coast? 800. KKI. (live an account of Taylor's movements in Mexi(T), an(li>attle of J^uena Vista. MOO. M)7. What have you to say about events in New Mexico and California? iiOl. 108. Give an account of Scott's invasion of Mexico. 802. lUi). What can you tell about Scott's \i(iorious march on the Mexican cajjilal ? 'MKl. 410. (live an account of battles near the City of Mexico, and capture of the capital. 808-804. 111. What can you tell about a treaty of i)eace with Mex- ico ? 804-805. 412. What can you tell about the discovery of gold in Cali- fornia? 805. 418. What can you say about the admission of new States into the Union ? 805. 414. W hat have you to say about President 4'aylor? .'>05- ;;o(;. 415. What have you to say about California? 80(1-807. 41(1. llow was the agitation of the slave (piestion again aroused ? 807. 417. \V4iat can you tell about five acts groui)ed, and known as the " Omnibus Dill " ? 807-:50S. 418. What have you to remark about the b\igitive Slave Law? 808. 110. How came Millard iMlhnore to be President of the United States? .808. 120. What States were admitted during iMllmore's admin- istration ? 808. 421. (live an account of the Mormons. 808. '122. 4V'll about expected troubles with Spain and (ireat Britain, during iMllmore's administration.. 80!). 128. What can you say about an expedition to Ja])an? 80!). HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 203 424. What remarkable voyage took place during Plllmore's administration ? 310. 425. What have you to say about President Pierce and explorations? 311. 420. What routes of travel were opened during Pierce's administration ? 311. 427. (rive an account of troubles in Kansas. 312. 42. 432. What have you to say about the Mormons and the Republican party ? 319. 433. What have you to say about John Brown's raid ? 319. 434. Give an account of movements toward civil war. 320. 435. What have you to say about secession ordinances and a Confederate Ciovernment? 320-321. 430. What did the Confederates do? 321. 437. What have you to say about President Lincoln ? 321. 438. (iive an account of events at Fort Sumter, and what followed. 322. 439. Give an account of hostile movements in Virginia. 323. 440. What did Congress do? 344. 441. What can you tell about military movements in Vir- ginia, Missouri, and South Carolina? 325. 442. What can you tell about the capture of Confederate ambassadors, and England's temper? 325. 443. What can you tell about events in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas? 326-327. 444. Give an account of the Merrimac and Monitor. 327. 445. Tell about a general movement of troops. 328. 2f) i /> / r /'; V V ]<: s r i o n s. 11(5. VVhal can yon Icll about haMlcsat Sliiloh, Ishiiul No. 10, and I'orl INilaski ? :;L^S. ii7. Ci'w/r an accounl of o])cia(i()ns in Mississi])j)i and Louisiana. .*{-JI*. I IH. \\ lial can you say ahoiil niovfini'nls in Kentucky? 111*. (li\can at coinil of a general movcnicnl a^^ainst Kich- luond. ."l.'KI. 150. Tell about inovciucnts in the Shenandoah Valley. 4r> I . ( I ive an acioinit of Lee's invasion ol Mainland. .'{.'Ili. 152. What (an )()U tell about llarper's l'"erry and An- tictam? i).'!.'). -15:;. Tell what I'.urnside did. :\X\. 451. Tell al)out evi-nts at Murlreesboio'. 'XV.l. 455. What (an you tell al)out the- l'anan( ipalion ri()( la mat ion ? :;;;:> .'{.'M. 15(1. (live an account ol" a battle at Chancellorsville, and I ,ee's second invasion of Maryland. ."{.'M. 457. What (an )()U tell about events in Tennsylvania and North Carolina, in ISC.:;? ;;:!(;. 45s. W hat o( ( tnred at Charleston and on the lower Mis- sissippi ? .'>i{(I. 150. What (an you say about (Irant and the Mississii)pi Kiver? :;:iT. 1(10. What can you tell about events in Northern (leorgia? :j:i7-:j:J8. -I(!l. What occurred in l^ast 4'ennessee and Arkansas? :::;s. -1(12. (ii\e an account of a raid in Indiana and ()hio, :;:{s. I(i;5. What have \()U to say about the Navy? 'V.\7 . KII. 4~ell ai)oul the draft riots in New York. :>))0. 1(15. (live an ac( ount of movtanents in Mississippi and Louisiana. illO. 1(1(1. What have you to say about I'orl Lillow? ."IIO. n I S T O R V O F T J I K I J N I T F. I) S T A T F S. 205 4(17. Wliat have you to remark al)out tlic niovcmcnts of great armies ? !> 1()-)>41 . 4l)i-i. 470. What can you tell about events in the Shenandoah Valley and in Maryland? 842. 171. What have you to say about Farragut at Mobile? 844. 472. What can you tell about General Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley? 844. 47i». What can you tell about Engl ish-( 'on federate ('mis- ers? 844. 174. 4'ell about the fate of the AlahaDia. 815. 475. Can you give an account (jf military events in Vir- ginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina? 845. 47(). What have you to say about Fort Fisher? 845. 477. What have you to say about Sherman in the Caro- linas? 840. ■I7S. What have you to say about (leneral Lee? 840. 47!). (live an account of the closing events of the ('ivil War. 847. 4S0. What have you to say of a national bereavement ? 847. 481. What have you to say about Andrew Johnson and Jefferson Davis? 848. 182. What have you to remark about the reorganization of the Union ? 849. 488. What can you tell about Amendments to the (Jonsti- tution ? 84!). 484. What was the amount of the National Debt at the close of the Civil War? 849. 485. What was done to secure the rights of the freedmen ? 851. 48(j. What have you to remark about the President and Congress? 851. 18 206 LIVE QUESTIONS. 487. What have you to say about "Reconstruction" Acts? 351. 488. Tell about the impeachment of President Johnson. 351. 489. What can you tell about the Atlantic cable ? And Alaska? 352. 490. What have you to say about President Grant ? 353. 491. What can you tell about the final reorganization and restoration of the Union ? 353. 492. What have you to say about an international treaty, a tribunal, and award ? 354. 493. What have you to remark about troubles in the South, and the Modoc Indians ? 355. 494. Give an account of the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- delphia. 355. 495. When was Colorado admitted as a State? 355. 496. What was the result of the Presidential election in 1876? 355. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 207 Period I. Terminating in 1492. o Q >«><00 ^ The Middle Ages. Revival of Geographical Knowledge. The India Trade. First Voyage of Columbus. Subsequent Voyages of Columbus. Ojeda. Spanish. French. Dutch. English. < I Explorations on the Continent. I ^ Balboa. Conquest of Mexico. De Leon. De Narvaez. De Soto. Expeditions on the Coast. The Cabots. Frobisher. Sir Francis Drake. Sir Humphre}^ Gilbert. Vespucius. Magellan. Coronado. Alareon. Sir Walter Raleigh. Bartholomew Gosnold. Martin Prinir. His Explorers. First Colony. Second Colony. Results. Governmental. Religious. Individuals. r Verrazzano. Cartier. -j Roberval. De la Roche. [ De Monts. Huguenots. Jesuits. Marquette. ( Champlain. [ La Salle. Henry Hudson. Trading Houses. West India Company. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 209 Period III. 1607-1775. 3>«f<00- O I— I H I— I O o The Claims of Various Nations. Commerce with England. James's Patent. Government of tlie Colonies. 1-1 1. Virginia. The Founders of the Colony. The Voyage from England. The Settlement of Jamestown. The First Summer in Jamestown. Smith's First Explorations. Second Immigration to the Colony. Smith's Explorations in 1G08. Smith made President. Change of Charter. Winter of 1G09 and 1610. Arrival of Lord Delaware. Dale and Gates Deputy Governors. The Second Change of Charter. Pocahontas. Captain Argall, Deputy Governor. Yeardley's Administration. The Prosperity of the Colony. The Constitution. Negro Slavery. Indian Wars. Virginia a Pvoyal Province. Kestriction of Rights. Bacon's Rebellion. The Roval Governors. 18* 210 LIVE QUESTIONS. o H N M 'A O o w ?! w ►J H H W a ■/. o /, PkkioI) 1 IT. — Cuidlnued. riyinoiith Company's First (-oloiiy. John Smith in New En Pequod War. ( The Constitution. Saybrook Colony. New Haven Colony. Union of New England Colonies. Charter of Charles II. [ Roger Williams. I Providence Plantation. j Plantation of Rhode island. j The Charters. ( Relations with Neighboring Colonies. C Settlement. I Under the Dutch. 1 Conflicting Claims. [ Government. [ Grant to Berkeley and Carteret. 1 Settlement. j Division of. [ Made a Royal Province. Grant and Charter. Albemarle Colony. Clarendon Colony. Government. Trouble between Projirictors and Colonists. f Carteret Colony. Government. -{ Growth of the Colony. Trouble with Spanish and Indians. [ Colonists and Proprietors. '>]'> LIVK QUESTIONS. I ' h: i; 1 () I ) III. — Co7itinuc(l. (/j 12. H W Pe nnsylvania. <. w 1-^ H H W "^ (/} W m 1— 1 h1 13. Georgia. W CJrniit and (/liiift,(!r. 'l'i-('iiliiu!iit of tlic Indiuiis. (ioverninent. I'cnn and Jjoi'd iJullinioro. Fouiidini; of. Settlement. Laws. The Weslcjys and Whitefield. () Events of 1777. Events of 1778. Events of 1779. Evacuation of Canada. Evacuation of Boston. Expedition against Charleston. Declaration of Independence. New York Fortified. Arrival of the British. Battle of Long Island. Battle of White Plains. Retreat to North Castle. Loss of Forts Washington and Lee. Retreat across New Jersey. Battle of Trenton. British Plan for Campaign. Loss of the Forts on Lake Champlain. Condition of Schuyler's Army. St. Leger's Expedition. Battle of Bennington. Schuyler Superseded by Gates. Battle of Bemis's Heights. Battle of Stillwater. Clinton's Passage up the Hudson. Battle of Princeton. Raiding Expeditions. Howe's Movements. Battle of the Brandywine. Further attempts to defend Philadelphia Battle of Germantown. Opening of the Delaware. Winter of 1777 and 1778. British Commissioners. Evacuation of Philadelphia. Massacres of Wyoming and Cherry Valley. Attempt to Recover Newport. Washington's Army. Expedition to Illinois. W.J f in tVio Cl.intli [Attack on Charleston. ai m tne boutll. | Lincoln's Attack on Savannah. Condition at the North. British Expeditions. { ¥,^t StTticut Coast. ( Stony Point Retaken. American Expeditions.^ Sullivan's Chastisement of ( the Indians. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, 217 Period IV. — Continued. Events of , 1780. ' South. North. Loss of Charleston. British Expeditions to Subdue the Country. Cornwallis in the South, Second Continental Army at the South. First Battle of Camden. Battle of King's Mountain. f Battle of Springfield. I Aid from the French. 1 Arnold's Treason. O I— t P O K f=3 Events of 1781. In the South. hi Virginia. Battle of Cowpens. Greene's Ketreat. Battle of Guilford Court-house. Capture of British Posts in the Interior. Keview of Greene's Campaign. Arrival of Cornwallis. Washington's Plans for the Cam- paign. Arnold sent to Connecticut. Situation of Cornwallis. Surrender of Cornwallis. The Dawn of Peace. Treaty of 1783. Disbanding of the Continental Army. Naval Warfare. Condition of the Country at Close of this Period. Government under the Articles of Confederation. Forming of the Constitution. 19 218 LIVE QUESTIONS. Period V. O H (— ( W o o Q Ph P^ w Washington's Administration, 1789-1797. Adams's Administration. 1797-1801. Jefferson's Administration. 1801-1809. Madison's Administration, 1809-1817. 1789-1878. )J:®<00- Fuiance. Indians. England. Spain. France. First Congress. Inauguration of Washington. First Cabinet. Affairs of the Country. Settlement of Domestic Difficuhies. ( With Settlement of Foreign Affairs. . With (with Rise of Political Parties. Adams's Election. Trouble with France. Death of Washington. Removal of the Capital. Alien and Sedition Laws. Purchase of Louisiana. Aaron Burr. War with Tripoli. r,-, T ^ .,1-11 i The Right of Search. 1 rouble with Eng- I ^ - Destruction of Commt y The Embargo. land and France. Condition of the Country. 1 Commercial Injuries. Impressment of Seamen. Indian Hostilities. Declaration of War. Events of 1812. Eveiiis of 1818. Invasion of Canada. Naval Warfare. Plan of Campaign, f West. ] East. Army of the West. Massacre of French- town. Siege of Fort Meigs. Siege of Ft. Stephen- son. Perry's Victory. Battle of the Thames. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 219 Period V. — ContiMied. O H I— I Madison's Administration, 1809-1817. {Continned.) 1—1 CO I-H c Extents of 1813. Events of 1814. Army of the Centre. War with the Creeks. Naval Warfare. Ravages on the Coast. Campaign Battle of Chippewa. ^ Battle of Lundy's Canadian t, ...i rr i r^u I Battle of Lake Cham- Frontier. [ plain. Ravages on r At Washington. the Coast. I At Baltimore. The Hartford Convention. War in f Capture of Pensacola. the South. \ Battle of N. Orleans. Treaty of Peace. Results of the War. I-H H M o Ph Monroe's Administration, 1817-1825. Prosperity of the Country. Missouri Compromise. Purchase of Florida. The Monroe Doctrine. I— i \^ pH H " J. Q,. Adams's Administration, 1825-1829. Jackson's Administration, 1829-1837. Death of Adams and Jefferson. The Tariff. The United States Bank. Nullification. r Black Hawk War. j Indian Troubles. ^ Removal of the Cherokees. [ The Seminole War. [ The Specie Circular. Van Buren's f Panic of 1837. Administration, Relations with England. | ^-^f" ^fj"!°"- 1«''7_1S41 V I Boundary of Maine. Harrison's and Tyler's Administrations , 1841-1845. Finance. Annexation of Texas. 220 LIVE QUESTIONS. o I— I Ph O pq P^ w Period V. — Continued. Northwestern Boundary. Taylor at the f Palo Alto. Kio Grande. I Resaca de la Palma. Declaration of War, Plan of Campaign. Taylor South of the f Monterey. Rio Grande. ( Buena Vista. General Wool's Division. Army of the West. Polk's Administration, 1845-1849. Taylor's and Fillmore's Administrations , 1849-1858. Army under Scott. | Vera Cruz. ;Cerro Gordo. Jalapa. Perote. Advance upon Mexico. Defences of Mexico. Contreras. San Antonio. Churubusco. Chapultepec. Molino del Rey. Casa Mata. Battles near the City. The Armistice. Capture of Chapultepec. Scott's Entry into Mexico. Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo. Wilmot Proviso. Discovery of Gold in California. I Admission of California. I Compromise Act. I Death of President Taylor. 1 Filibustering. Pierce's Administration, 1853-1857. f The Gadsden Purchase. Kansas-Nebraska Bill. Civil War in Kansas. Internal Improvements, Treaty with Japan. Political Parties. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 221 Period Y. — Continued. Buchanan's Administration, 1857-1S61. > CO 00 09 o tiH The Dred Scott Decision. Personal Liberty Bills. John Brown's Attempt to Free the Slaves. r I State Sovereignty. Causes. J, Slaver}'. r \ Preli7nmary Events. Events of 1861. Events of 1862. Election of 1860. Secession of the Southern States. Firing on the Star of the West. Organization of the Confederate Gov- ernment. Condition of the Country. Firing on Fort Sumter. Effects of the Attack. Plan of the First Campaign. War in the Border States. Battle of Bull's Pvun. Effects of this Battle. War in West Virginia. War in Missouri. Battle of Wilson's Creek. E,Tr%v,+o ^, ii, /^ J. r Hatteras Inlet, vents on the Coast. < ^ ^ I Port Royal. Foreign Eelations. Plan of the ( Op^n'^S °^ ^^^ Mississippi. ^ . ■< Coast Guard. Campaign. , , „. , , " " ' ° I Advance on Richmond. A , , 1 r^ ( Mill Spring. Attack on Con- ^^ ^ ,„ , -> Henry and Donelson. federate Pvear. y guttle of Shiloh. Bragg's Invasion of Kentucky. luka and Corinth. Murfreesboro'. Advance Down the River Capture of New Orleans Attack on Vicksburg. Battle of Pea Ridge. lo f Island No. 10. \ Memphis, 19* 999 LIVE QUESTIONS. Period Y. — Continued. O H W < 00 Events of 18G2. ( North Carolina. War on the j South Carolina, Georgia, and CoastI ] Florida. The Merrimac and Monitor. Plan of Campaign. Siege of Yorktown. Battle of Williamsburg. Battle of Fair Oaks. Jackson in the Shenandoah Yal- ley. The Seven Days' Battle. Lee's Invasion f Against Pope, r i.1, AT iT, i I" Maryland. of the North. K, .., r * .- Advance toward Richmovd. y Battle of Antietam. Battle of Fredericksburg. Keview of the Year. p-i o I— f P w Eh CO 00 < Events Emancipation Proclamatiou. i Advance upon Richmond. Coast Guard. Operations in the West. Advance r I Battle of Chancellorsville. upon a' , ^ . p , ^T , ^ ' 1 Second Invasion of the North — Gettj'sburg. liichmond. I War in Capture of ^"icksburg. Ai.„ I ( Chickamauga. War in Tennessee. } Chattanooga. West (^ Siege of Knoxville. On the Coast- ] Charleston. {Indian Hostilities. Quantrell's Raid. The Draft Riot. Review of the Year. Events of 1864. Plan of Campaign. Sherman's Campaign. , ^^ , . .u c ^ ° ' March to the Sea. Hood's Invasion of Tennessee. Capture of Atlanta. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 223 Period Y. — Co7itinued. CO 00 CO 00 < Eventfi of 1864. Events of 1865. r '-' M > M Q W W C3 ^ «1 - o ^ H OJ o H^ I Q „ 111 Wilderness. Overland. > r- , , tt i ( Cold Harbor. cii J 1 r Defeat of Sigel and Hunter. Shenandoah * -^ Early's Raid. yalle^^ \ ^, . , "^ V oheridan. Advance from ) Petersburg. the Jarnes. \ Weldon Railroad. On the Coast. | Mobile. Destruction of the Alabama. Review of the Year. Capture of Wilmington. Sherman's Movements. Fall of Richmond. -i Surrender of Lee. Death of President Lincoln. Disbanding of the Army. Effects of the War. Johnson's Administration, 1805-18C9. The President's Policy of Restoration. Congressional Policy of Reconstruction. Disagreement of President and Congress Impeachment of the President. Purchase of Alaska. Treaty with China. The French in Mexico. Grant's Administration, 1869-1877. The Washington Treaty. Fifteenth Amendment. {The Indian Policy. Modoc War. Siou.x War. Difficulties in Louisiana and 8. Carolina. Financial Depression. The Presidential Election of 1876. Hayes's Administration, 1877 . f Southern Policy. [ Civil Service Reform. [ The Silver Bill. 224 LIVE QUESTIONS. Period Y. — Continued. Q I— I Oh Development of New States. Accessions of Territory Vermont. Maine. O i^ Ohio. Early Settlers. Indian Troubles. Admission as a State. m H ^ ^ Indiana. Illinois. < Settlement. Resources. Michigan. Wisconsin. Kentucky. Tennessee. Mississippi. Alabama, Louisiana. Missouri. Arkansas. Iowa. Minnesota. Kansas. Nebraska. Oregon. \ Claims. Settlement. Florida. Texas. I Fi rst Settlers. War with Mexico. California. Nevada. Colorado. Explorations. Settlement. Discovery of Gold. Increase of Population. Growth of San Francisco. West Virginia. The Territories. Area and Population of the United States. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 225 Period Y. — Cortcluded. I— I pq Ph Professional, and Public Schools. Bureau of Education, Universities, Colleges, Technical Schools. Newspapers. Writers. Statesmen Orators. Progress. \ Artists. Scientists. Telegraph. Telephone and Phonograph. Cotton-gin. Steamboats. Railroads. Gutta Percha. Labor-saving Machines. The Centennial Celebration. Great Inventions CHAPTER VIII. Theory and Practice of Teaching. 1. Can you organize a school ? How? 2. State what business you have with the directors before the commencement of the school, o. State what your important duties are on the first day of school. 4, Should you try to make an impression upon your pupils the first day that you are the teacher ? 5. Would you ask your pupils what they studied last term ? C. Would you have an examination the first week? 7. Would you classify your pupils through examinations or from their standing the previous winter ? 8. What do you mean by a normal classification ? 9. Do you consider a proper classification essential ? Why? 10. What advantages do we reap from proper classifications ? 11. Would you attempt to grade your school? 12. What do you mean by a graded school ? 13. How soon would you adopt a programme ? 14. Give the advantages of a programme. 15. From what principles would you construct a pro- gramme ? THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING. 227 16. What do you take as a basis for classification ? 17. Would you choose the seats for your pupils-? 18. What records would you keep of a week's work? 19. Ought teachers to keep records of their schools, and present them to the Board of Directors at close of term ? 20. Give an outline as how you would keep school records. 21. How many rules would you establish the tirst day? 22. How would you secure order? Cleanliness? Industry? 23. Give your method of securing regular attendance. 24. How would you punish tardiness? 25. State the advantages of having as few classes as possible. 26. Would you have plans of school organization prior to the commencement of your school ? 27. Would you adopt any general rules to effect a tempo- rary organization? 28. Is it wise or otherwise for a teacher to ask a mischievous or vicious pupil to do a favor for him ? 29. What plan have you for the prevention of whispering? 30. Would you strictly forbid whispering? Why? 31. How would you punish a large girl who has been ob- stinate, disobedient, and saucy? 32. How would you punish a large pupil who came to test your reins of government ? 33. State for what offences you would inflict corporal pun- ishment. 34. Should a knowledge of mental philosophy be required of every teacher ? Wliv ? 35. Should a teacher be held responsible for the intellectual growth of his pupils ? Why ? 36. Should the teacher be responsible for the moral and religious training of his pupils? Why? 37. Distinguish between mind and intellect. 38. What do you mean by the divisions of the intellect? 39. Distinguish between capacity and susceptibility. 40. What is memory ? Consciousness ? Reason ? 228 LIVE QUESTIONS. 41. State your method of cultivating memory in the school- room. 42. State what faculties are the earliest developed in the child. 48. What is the will ? Judgment ? Imagination ? 44. Distinguish between recollection and memory. 45. What do we mean by observation ? By the sensibil- ities? 46. Should the ''pouring-in" process be ever exercised ? 47. State your method of arousing and developing the fac- ulties of. the mind. 48. Give your method of holding the attention of your pupils. 41). Give your method of cultivating the power of associ- ation in your pupils. 50. Would you strive to cultivate the imagination of your pupils? 51. Give methods of cultivating the imagination; the taste. 52. What physical exercise would you have to accompany mental labor? 53. What should pupils be taught outside of the text-book? 54. What punishments do you consider proper? What improper? 55. What can you say concerning recesses? 56. Give your opinion of the concert method of reciting. 57. Distinguish between telling and teaching. 58. Distinguish between teaching and instructing. 59. State the arguments for and against the system of merit- marks. 60. Would you resort to severe punishments in order that you may secure the preparation of lessons? Why? 61. What chief motives have successfully served you as in- centives to study ? 62. Is it right, expedient, and practical, to detain pupils after school to prepare or recite neglected lessons ? 63. What is the ultimate object of school-government ? THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING. 229 64. Why is it that some teachers govern easily, with- out resorting to severe punishments, while others cannot hold their authority without the use of the rod? 65. What do you think of public examinations? 66. What do we mean by the moral faculty? 67. What do we mean by the science of education ? 68. What is implied in human culture? 69. What do we mean by the " natural order " of educating the faculties ? 70. Show that telling is training. 71. Show in what sense telli7ig is not training. 72. Who was Horace Mann? Can you mention his works? What can you say of him as an educator? 73. Who was Pestalozzi ? Who was Dr. Thomas Arnold ? 74. In which did Y)x. Arnold reap the more renown, from his works or from his work in the school-room ? 75. Give your plan of keeping pupils well employed. 76. State what general exercises you would have in an un- graded school. 77. What are ''object lessons?" Give your method of teaching object lessons. 78. Give your method of teaching reading ; and what in- struction would you give in connection with reading lessons ? 79. Distinguish between teaching and talking. 80. State the advantages in reviewing preceding lessons, 81. Distinguish between sensation and perception. 82. What method have you for destroying the practice of falsehood ? 83. Give your method of teaching the alphabet, and name the methods you would condemn. 84. How can you best develop the expressive faculties ? 85. Give your methods of developing the moral nature. 86. What is the nature of conscience? 87. What do you mean by moral sentiments? 20 230 LIVE QUESTIONS. 88. How would you induce your pupils to practice kind- ness ? 89. How do you destroy the practice of profanity? 90. How do you control whispering? 91. What qualifications are essential to a successful disci- plinarian ? What is discipline ? 92. Should a teacher try to detect mischief in its incipi- ent form? 93. Would you have pupils to inform upon each other? 94. Name the chief objects of punishment. 95. What would be a natural punishment for tardiness ? 96. Should a teacher resort to such punishments as are intended to degrade a pupil? Why? 97. Would you correct the awkward habits of a boy by hurting his feelings ? 98. Why should the head be exempt from penal violence ? 99. State your opinion of "dunce-caps" and "dunce- stools." 100. Do you keep your whips in sight of the pupils ? 101. Give your methods of cultivating truthfulness in your pupils. 102. What is your method of destroying acts of hypocrisy and deception ? 103. What is your method of bringing large refractory and vicious pupils under your discipline ? 104. How would you teach your pupils courteous man- ners ? 105. Distinguish between reputation and character. 106. What evils result from carelessness ? 107. What is your method of teaching spelling in primary schools? 108. What use do you make of the blackboard in teaching reading? In teaching spelling? In teaching writing ? 109. Why should ideas precede the use of language ? 110. Do you have phonetic spelling? THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING. 231 111. How would you present drawing to primary pupils? 112. Why are written exercises in spelling preferable? 113. Give your method of connecting writing with the reading lessons. 114. What course have you adopted in teaching beginners to read ? 115. In your opinion, how long ought a primary school be kept in session ? Why? 116. Define a graded school. 117. Give outline of a plan for a graded school, of 150 pupils, from 5 to 15 years old. 118. Give subjects and methods adapted to pupils from 6 to 8 years of age. 119. Give programme for forenoon in a common country school of 50 pupils and one teacher. 120. Ought we to teach mental and written arithmetic in connection with each other ? Why ? 121. Would you require your pupils to memorize the rules laid down in the text-books ? 122. What qualifications ought a pupil to possess to enable him to use beneficially a text-book on Geography ? Grammar ? Arithmetic ? 123. What powers of the mind does the science of arith- metic call into exercise when rightly taught ? 124. State some of the objections to teaching mental arith- metic as an independent study. 125. State your method of teaching grammar to a class of beginners on the subject. 126. Why is it more normal to proceed from principles to rules and formulae, than to adopt the inverse order ? 127. What powers of the mind does the science of gram- mar call into exercise when rightly taught ? 128. Give an outline of a course of language lessons suit- able for a primary school. 129. What powers of the mind does language develop? 232 LIVE QUESTIONS. 130. What employment of slate and blackboard would you make in presenting" language lessons to primary pupils ? 131. At what age would you have your pupils study gram- mar? 132. When would you introduce the writing of compo- sitions ? 133. Would you have your pupils to confine themselves quite to the text-book in geography ? 134. State the advantages of map-drawing. 135. What use do you make of the globe, when do you in- troduce it, and what facts do you teach from it ? 136. What are the most important objects of the study of geography ? 137. Sketch the lives of five distinguished educators. 138. State the reforms brought about by Pestalozzi. 139. What can you say of Froebel and the early kinder- garten ? 140. What can you say of Herbert Spencer as an educator? 141. What can you say of Agassiz as an educator ? 142. In what way does Prof. Huxley contribute to the cause of education ? 143. Is it profitable to have occasional concert or simulta- neous reading by a class? 144. Should map-drawing be required in all the stages of geographical study? 145. What course in geography would you have in a gram- mar school ? 146. Distinguish between seeing and observing, and how do you strengthen the latter ? 147. How do you teach history, and what do you mean by outlines of history? 148. What is the object of studying history, and how do you secure the object ? 149. How would you connect composition with lessons in language ? THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING. 233 150. Which do you deem the more important, the analysis of sentences or parsing, and why ? 151. To what extent would you introduce the etymology of words ? 152. Name some of the most important objects of the reci- tation. 153. What do you mean by the development of ideas ? 154. Distinguish between the teacher's intellectual qualifi- cations and professional qualifications. 155. What means have you of inducing pupils to discharge their duties of their own accord ? 156. Why should every answer be expressed in good lan- guage ? 157. Name some of the common faults of teachers in con- ducting recitations. 158. What attention do you give to vocal music ? 159. Can you sing? If so, sing some appropriate piece. 160. How much assistance should pupils have ? 161. What are some of the advantages of having judicious criticism in a recitation ? 162. Should the power of association be cultivated in a recitation ? 163. How can you best exercise in your pupils the mem- ory ? Comparison ? Judgment ? 164. What do you mean from the simple to the complex ? From the concrete to the abstract? From the known to the unknown ? 165. Give your method of cultivating self-reliance in pupils. 166. From what would you measure the length of a reci- tation ? 167. Would you use the text-book while hearing a reci- tation ? 168. Do you prefer topical recitations for advanced classes? 169. Give your plan of having your pupils to go /'> 176. What is the operation of an ex post facto law? 177. Is Congress permitted to pass ex post facto laws? 178. Why are titles of nobility prohibited ? 179. Why should no State be allowed to enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ? 180. Why should no State be allowed to grant letters of marque and reprisal ? 181. Why should no State be allowed to coin money? 182. What is a legal tender? When was ''legal tender" first used ? 183. When were bills of attainder, or ex post facto laws, passed in this country ? 184. What must be done before any State can lay any im- posts or duties on imports or exports ? 185. When may States engage in war? 186. In whom is the executive power of the United States vested ? 187. How are electors appointed ? 21* 246 LIVE qUES T I O NS. 188. Each State is entitled to how many electors? 189. Can Senators and Representatives be electors? 190. Where do the electors meet ? 191. Describe the manner in which the electors choose a President, 192. What provision is made to prevent inistake in regard to the result of the balloting by electors for Presi- dent ? 193. What i)rovision is made to prevent fraud in the bal- loting for President by electors? 194. Where and to whom do the electors send their report? 195. What does the president of the Senate do with the electors' report ? 190. Why should not a i)ers()n be elected who had a plu- rality of votes ? 197. What is done in case no candidate has a majority of the whole number of votes? 198. How is the House of Representatives limited in their choice ? 1!)9. In choosing the President by the House, what is nec- essary to make a quorum of the House ? 200. What Presidents were elected by the House? 201. Should the House fail to make a choice for President before the 4th of March, who succeeds to the presidency ? 202. In case any one of the candidates for Vice-president fails to get a majority of the whole number of elec- toral votes, what is done ? 203. Is the day for choosing electors the same throughout the States, and when do they meet to give their votes ? 204. State the (pialifications of the President. 205. What temporary exception was made relative to birth concerning the presidency? 206. Why was the exception relative to birth concerning the presidency made? CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 247 207. If the President and Vice-president are removed through inability, death, or resignation, what is done? 208. Recite the President's oath. What is his compen- sation ? 209. Why should the command of the army and navy be entrusted to the President rather than Congress? 210. In what case has the President no power of pardon ? 211. Is the pardoning power ever useful? If so, when? 212. State the limit of the President in making a treaty. 213. What vote of the Senate confirms a treaty? 214. What limitation is put upon the appointing power of the President ? 215. Is there any provision made in the Constitution for the removal from office ? " 21G. During the recess of the Senate, how are vacancies filled ? 217. Why is it important that the President should com- municate through messages to Congress? 218. What information does the President give in his mes- sages to Congress? 219. What is the supreme law of the land ? 220. What is the last duty required of the President ? 221. Why are officers required to be commissioned? 222. Who are liable to impeachment? 223. Are members of Congress, military and naval officers, liable to impeachment ? 224. Name the offences subject to impeachment. 225. Where is the judicial power of the United States vested ? 22C. State if the government has any discretion concerning the establishment of a Supreme Court. 227. Is a Supreme Court absolutely essential ? 228. Who establishes District Courts and Circuit Courts ? 229. How many District Courts, and how many Circuit Courts, have been established ? 248 LIVE QUESTIONS. 230. Why is it considered better to appoint Judges of United States Courts for life, or during good be- havior, than for a term of years ? 231. Are the Judges of United States Courts entirely irre- sponsible ? 282. Why should the United States Courts have the power of judging in all cases arising under the Constitu- tion and Laws of the United States ? 233. To what laws are foreign ministers amenable ? 234. State the different cases which may be brought before the United States Courts. 235. When is a State a party in suit ? 236. Can a suit be brought against a State by a private citizen, and what change has been made in this direction'? 237. Why was the Amendment, Article XI, adopted ? 238. Name the kinds of jurisdiction exercised by the Su- preme Court. 239. What do you mean by original and what by appellate jurisdiction ? 240. What mode of trying crimes is authorized ? 241. Are all crimes subject to trial by jury? What ex- ception ? 242. How has the right of trial by jury ever been regarded in this country ? 243. Where is a criminal tried ? 244. In what does treason against the United States con- sist ? 245. State what is necessary to convict a person of trea- son. 246. Why is the testimony of two witnesses thought neces- sary in the charge of treason ? 247. How is treason regarded by the government ? 248. How is treason punished ? 249. State the mode of punishment of treason, by the com- mon law of England. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 249 250. How is Congress limited in declaring the punishment of treason ? 251. What do we mean by corruption of blood? 252. What do we mean by an attainder of treason ? 253. How far may Congress declare an estate forfeited ? 254. A person charged with treason in any State, flees from justice, and found in another State; who has the right to claim him? 255. How are new States admitted into the Union ? 256. State the cases in which the power of admitting new States is denied to Congress. 257. What power is given to Congress concerning the gov- ernment of Territories? 258. What limitation is put upon the power of Congress over the Territories? 259. What was the cause of inserting a limitation upon the power of Congress concerning the government of Territories ? 260. What shall the United States guarantee to every State in this Union ? 261. In what two ways may amendments be proposed ? 262. Can Congress by itself propose amendments? How? 263. When shall Congress call a convention for proposing amendments ? 264. When does an amendment become a part of the Con- stitution? 265. ^\vdX permanent limitation was made to the power of amendment ? 266. Give an example in which the action of the State Government is necessary to the operations of the National Government. 267. What was necessary for the establishment of the Con- stitution ? 268. By how many of the States was it at first ratified ? 269. Why did Rhode Island and North Carolina not ratify the Constitution at the time the other States ratified it ? 250 LIVE QUESTIONS. 270. When are offences in the militia tried by a court- martial ? 271. Can a person who has been convicted or acquitted, be tried a second time for the same offence ? 272. In all criminal prosecutions, what right shall the ac- cused enjoy? 273. Can a person be obliged to testify against himself? 274. Is a religious test required as a qualification to any office or public trust ? ♦ 275. How large was the District of Columbia originally ? 276. Is the District of Columbia at present ten miles square? 277. When was the importation of slaves actually pro- hibited into the British Colonies ? 278. What do we mean by bills of credit ? 279. What is duty of tonnage ? 280. How often may a President be re-elected ? 281. Why was Washington not elected for a third term? 282. What has been the effect of Washington's declination for a third term ? 283. What has been done with the original clause of the Constitution, prescribing the proceedings to be taken to elect a President and Vice-president ? 284. What is the history of the twelfth amendment ? 285. When shall the Speaker of the House of Representa- tives act as President ? 286. What is the salary of the President ? What of the Vice-president ? 287. What executive departments have been established by Congress ? 288. What is a reprieve ? Define the term reprieve. 289. In what way are the recommendations of the Presi- dent made to Congress? 290. Was the reading of written messages always the prac- tice ? 291. How is the Supreme Court of the United States or- ganized ? CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 251 292. Name the salary of the Chief Justice ; also of each as- sociate justice. 293. In what way are recommendations of the President made, and what Presidents made their recommen- dation by addresses to Congress ? 294. Why were the first ten amendments made ? 295. When were the first ten amendments proposed, and when adopted ? 29(3. How may the first ten amendments be regarded ? 297. What is the history of the eleventh amendment ? 298. What is the history of the thirteenth amendment ? 299. When was the fourteenth article adopted ? 300. Have all the Presidents been put into office as pre- scribed by the Constitution ? 301. What are the provisions concerning the freedom of speech and of the press? Concerning religions? Concerning the right to bear arms? Concerning the rights of persons and property? Concerning "the payment of the Union war debt? Concern- ing the Confederate war debt ? 302. What amendments to the Constitution made part of the reconstruction act? And in what manner? 303. What is the sixteenth amendment, which is so anx- iously waited for ? 252 LIVE QUESTIONS. Blackboard Exercises. Preamble. — This should be fully explained in one or two lessons. It would be well to write it out in full on the blackboard, and explain it, clause by clause, before proceeding to further consider the analysis of the Constitution. (See author's Analysis of Civil Government, p. 109.) Exercise No. 1. Departments. — Civil Government in the United States is administered through three several departments : I. f 1. House of Kepresentatives. 2 Legislative. \ 2. Senate. 2 , II. Executive. President United States. 53 III. ( 1. Supreme Court. 65 Judicial. I 2. Inferior Courts. Q5 CIVIL GOVEENMENT. M < m Ph Ph O m O W Exercise No. II. I. Proportion. 5 II. Apportionment. III. JiLlUlBlLITY. r 1. All free persons, excc]>t Indians, not I taxed. 2. Limited Service. 3. Three-fifths of all slaves. 5 4. Conditional. 100 \. Age, twenty-five years. 2. Citizenship. -. 8. Inhabitancy. 4 I 4. Oflficial disencumbrance. 22 [ 5. Loyalty. 100 IV. Term. V. By Whom Elected. 3 VI. Electors. 3 VII. How Elected. 15 VIII. Vacancies. 6 IX. Census. X. House Povters. 1. When taken. 5 2. How taken. 5 { \. Concurrent. 2 L Lefiislative. ^ c, tj^ ^ ■ oo ^ 12. Exclusive. 23 2. Inquisitorial. *7 ( 1, House Oflicers. 7 12. President U.S. 94 3. Elective. CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 258 Exercise No. III. I. Ilow Composed. 8 ( 1- Age. I 2. Citizenship. II. Eligibility. \ 3. Inhabitancy. 10 4. Official Disencumbrance. 22 5. Loyalty. 100 III. Term. 8 IV. By Whom Chosen. 8 V. How Chosen. 15 VI. When Chosen. 8 f 1. Expires Second Year. VII. How Classed. { 2. Expires Fourth Year. [ 3. Expires Sixth Year. 9 ( 1. Legislature. VIII. Vacancy. ^ g. State Executive. 9 IX. Vote. 9 f L Vice-president United States. 11 X. Presiding Officer. ^ 2. President /jro ^lem^we. 12 L Legislative. 2 1. Appointments. 61 2. Treaties. 61 XL Senate Powers. 2. Executive. 3. Elective. 1. Senate? Officers. 12 \ 2. Vice-president U.S. 95 4. Judicial. 13 o P3 ^^ o I— I o III. Journal. Exercise No. IV. I. Membership. 17 II. (Quorum. 17 C L Keeping. 19 I2. Publishing. 19 IV. Yeas and Nays. 19 V. Business Rules. 18 r 1. Punishment. 18 VI. Penalties. | 2. Expulsion. 18 r f L Time 20 I L Adjournynent. ^ ^ pj.^^^^ qq L Officer Created. 22 VII. Prohibitions. 2. 0« Members. L 2. Emoluments in- creased. 22 VIII. Official Oath. 81 IX. Salaries. 21 22 254 LIVE QUESTIONS. Exercise No. V. CO O Q O CQ P^ o Ph I. Finances. 1. Resources. 2. Disbursements. 1. Foreio-n. 28 1. Taxes, Duties, Imposts, Excises. 26 2. Borrow Money. 27 3. Territory. 76 4. Other Property. 76 1. United States Debts. 26 2. Common Defence. 26 3. General Welfare. 26 II. Commerce. III. Commercial. IV. Penalties. V. Postal. yi. Patents and Copyrights 2. Inter-State. 28 3. Indian Tribes. 28 1. Coin Money. f 1. Domestic. 30 2. Value of Coin, i o -ci • o/-w ^ 12. Foreign. 30 3. Weights and Measures. 30 4. Bankruptcies. 29 ( 1. U. S. Securities. 31 1. Counterfeiting. | 2. u. S. Coin. 31 f 1. Piracies. 35 2. Crimes on High Seas. ^2 Felonies. 35 3. International Otfences. 35 4. Treason. 70 f 1. Post-otRce. 32 \ 2. Post-roads. 32 33 VII. War. 1. Declaration. 36 2. Marque and Ileprisal. 36 3. Captures. 36 4. Armies. 37 5. Navy. 38 6. Kules, — Land and Naval Forces. 39 f ( 1. Organizing. 41 7. Militia. 1. Genei-al j 2. Arming. 41 control. 1 3. Disciplining. 41 [ 4. Governing. 41 r 1. Laws of the Union. 40 2. C'ay/m./l2.i,,3,„.,ections. 40 forth, [g^ Invasions. 40 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 255 Exercise No. Y. — Continued. {1. Inferior Tribunals. 34 2. Place of Trial. 63 3. Eestrictions. 67 IX. Naturalization. 29 1. Government. 76 2. Seat of Government. 42 X. Territory. J 3. Public Works. 42 4. Alienations. 76 5. New States. 75 1. Members of Congress. 15 2. Presidential Electors. 55 XI. vStates. 1. Elections. 2. State Recoi'ds. 1. Method of Proving, 70 I 2. Effect of Proof. 3. State Imposts. 52 Executive Vacancy. 57 {1. President. 61 2. Courts. 61 3. Departments. 61 Constitutional Amendments. 78 1. Slave Trade. 44 2. Abolition. 98 70 XII. XIII. XIV. XV. Slavery. XVI. General Law Making. 43 1. Frequency. 16 XVII. Meeting, ^o m-.... f 1. By the Constitution. 16 2. By Law. 16 2. Time. First Process. Second Process , Exercise No. VI. 1. Action in Congress. 2. Delivery to Executive. 3. Executive Signature. 24 1. Action in Congress. 2. Delivery to Executive. 3. Executive Veto. 4. Kecord of Veto. 5. Keconsideration. 6. Approval by Congress. 7. Voting. 8. Kecord. 24 256 LIVE QUESTIONS. Exercise No. YI. — Continued. LAW MAKING. ' Third Process. f 1. Action in Congress, j 2. Delivery to Executive. 3. Executive Neglect. 4. Effect. 24 OKDEKS, KESOLUTIONS, AND VOTES. f 1. Action in Congress. I 2. Delivery to Executive. 1 3. Executive Veto. I 4. Subsequent Action. 25 Exercise No. VII. m < H m ft I— I W O cc ?^ O h- 1 H I— I M w o Ph I. Habeas Corpus. 1. Eebellion. 45 2. Invasion. 45 II. Direct Taxes. 47 III. Export Duties. 48 IV. Inter-state Commerce V. Public Money. VI. Nobility. 50 VII. Penalties. 1. Drawing 1. Ports. 48 2 Vessels. 48 49 2. Published Statement. 49 3. For Armies. 37 1. Bill of Attainder. 46 2. Ex post facto law. 46 3. Attainder of Treason. 70 VIII. Foreign Slave Trade. 44, 78 IX. Kepudiation. \ X. Freedom. r f\. Land Claims. 76 1. Forbidden. \ 2. Contracts. 79 i3. Public Debt. 101 2. Enjoined. 102 f 1. Speech. 2. The Press. 1. Civil. i o A VI 3. Assemblage. [ 4. Bearing Arms. 83 rl. Tests. 81 2. Religious. } 2. Establishment. 83 13. Exercise. 83 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 257 Exercise No. VIII. I. Ineligibility. 1. United States Officers. 22 2. Congressmen. 54 3. For Disloyalty. 101 II. Foreign Patronage. 50 o I— I o "'O ^ III. The President. ^ ' ^ ^^^' "A M 2. Other Emolument. 58 [ 1. Conviction. 64 IV. Impeachment. -i 2. Judgment. 14 I 3. Further Liability. 14 m < H m m H I— I Exercise No. IX. -^ „ r 1. House. 5 I, Kbpresentation. i ^ ^ ^^ 12. Senate. 78 ^^ ^ ^ rl. Affirmative. 71,99 II. Privileges oe Citizenship. < ^ ^^ . ^^ ' 12. Negative. 99 III. State Amitt. 71 ^^^ Tv-r o r 1. By Dismemberment. 71 IV. New States. { ^ J' ^ . ^, 12. By Junction. 71 V. Election. 15 ^^-r ,^ rl. Officers. 41 VI. Militia. ■{ r. r^ . . 12. Training. 41 VII. Federal Protection. 1. Government. 77 2. Insurrection. 77 3. Domestic Violence. „^^^ _, r 1. From Justice. 73 VIII. Fugitives. i ,, -^ o • h,.. I 2. From Service. 74 -r^r T> f 1- Powers not Delegated. 92 1 IX. Reservations, i^^., ^ .j^^ I 2. Rights not Enumerated, 91 9'7* 258 LIVE QUESTIONS. Exercise No. X. O l-H H I— I O Ph o w H <^ H I. State Obligations. f 1. United States Constitution, 82 I 2. Amendments. 78 C 1. Constitution. 80 II. SuPKEMACY OF UNITED \ 2. United States Laws. 80 States Authority, j 3. Treaties. 80 [ 4. Obligation of Judges. 80 III. Official Oath. 1. State Legislators. 81 2. State Executives. 81 3. State Judicial Officers. 81 Exercise No. XL I. State Kelations. 61, 52 02 O I— I o p^ H <1 H 02 II. Commercial. III. War. IV. Penalties. 1. Coining Money. 51 2. Bills of Credit. 51 3. Tender. 51 4. Contract Obligations. 51 1. Marque and Reprisal. 51 2. War Preparations. 52 3. Engagement in. 52 f 1. Bill of Attainder. 51 I 2. Ex post facto Law. 51 V. Nobility. 51 VL Duties. 1. Tonnage. 52 2. Imports and Exports. 52 3. Produce of. 52 VII. Slavery. 1. Within the United States. 2. In Territories. 97 97 m o < o m CIVIL GOVERNMENT. Exercise No. XII. I. Domicile. f 1. In Peace. 85 II. 1 2. In War. 85 Security. < 1. Searches and Seizures. 86 2. Warrants. 86 III. Judicial. ■{ 1. Indictment. 99 2. Second Trial. 99 3. Deprivation. 99 [ 4. Private Property. 99 1. Accusation. 88 2. Jury Trial. 88 3. Witnesses. 87, 88 IV. Criminal Actions. - 4. Counsel. 88 5. Bail. 90 6. Fines. 90 7. Punisliments. 90 V. Civil Actions. 1. Jury Trial. 89 2. Second Trial. 89 259 yi. Treason. f 1. Levying War. 69 1. Defind^on. | ^^ Adhesion to Enemies. 69 r 1. Witnesses. 69 2. Conviction. -<, ^ „ ^ . ^(~k I 2. Confession. 69 Vll. Official ■ { I 1. Arrest. 21 Speech. 21 Exercise No. XIII. > t— I H Q r I. In Whom Vested. 53 II. Term. 53 III. Eligibility. 1. Age, Thirty-five Years. 56 2. Citizenship. 8. Pvesidence. 56 260 LIVE QUESTIONS. Exercise No. XIII. — Continued. IV. Election. 1. Electors. > I— I 1. Appointment. 2. Number. 54 ' 1. Meeting. 2. Voting. 3. 3. Making Lists. Proceed- \ 4. Signing Lists. tngs. 4. In Con- gress. 5. Certifying Lists. 6. Transmitting Lists. 7. Directing Lists. \. Joint Meeting. 2. House of Eepresentatives. V. Oath or Office. 59 VI. How Eemovable. 64 VII. Salary. 58 2. Opening Certificates. 3. Counting Votes. 4. Result. 1. Quorum. 2. Eligibility. 94 3. Voting. \ 1- T^y «»""'• I 2. By States. 4. Result. 94 VIII. Powers AND Duties. 1. Military. 2. Civil. 1. Army and Navy. 60 2. Militia. 60 1. Departments. 60 2. Reprieves and Pardons. 60 3. Treaties. 61 !1. Diplomatic. 2. Judicial. 3. Others. 61 4. Appoint- ments. [ 2. Special. 62 5. Messages 63. {1. Convocation. 63 2. Adjournment. 63 3. Veto. 24, 25 7. Reception. 63 8. Executor of the Laws. 63 9. Commissions. 63 CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 261 Exercise No. XIV. I. Eligibility. 96 ^^ ^ f 1. In Consjres^. 95 II. Election. , ;, ^ q \ or^ 1 2. In Senate. 95 W -J III. Oath of Office. 81 Ph I o M > lY. Term. 53 ^ (1. President of the Senate. 11 Y. Powers AND Duties. < + .- tt a Kr7 o^i I 2. Acting President ot U.b. 57,94 Exercise No. XY. ^ ^^^ „ r 1. Supreme Court. Q5 I. Where Yested. ^ ^ , i • n f «f^ t 2. Inferior Courts. 65 -, TT A ■ ^ J I 1- President. 1. How Appointed. , ^ ^, , _., *^ I 2. Senate. 61 II. Judges. 2. Oath of Office. 81 3. Tenure of Office. 35 4. How Kemovable. 64 5. Salary. e5 1. Limitation. QQ {I. jLiimiLaiiuij. uu 2. Original. QQ, 67 3. Appellate. 66, 67 CHAPTER X. History of Pennsylvania. 1. Who were the first inhabitants of Pennsylvania, and what can you say of their character ? 2. When and where was the first church built in Pennsyl- vania? 3. Where did the Swedes first settle ? 4. What circumstance gave Delaware River its name, and what other names had been applied to it? 5. Who was William Penn, and what did his father wish him to become ? 6. Why did William Penn refuse to do the wish of his father ? 7. What punishment did William Penn receive at the hands of his father for disobedience ? 8. What brought harmony between Admiral Penn and his son William? 9. When and whom did William Penn marry? 10. When did William Penn visit Pennsylvania? 11. Why was the territory on the Delaware given to Penn ? 12. When was the charter of Pennsylvania signed? 18. \^'"hen and where was the first court under Penn's char- ter convened ? 14. Recite a portion of Penn's first letter to the Indians. 15. What was Penn's first official act in Pennsylvania? IG. Tell how the name of Upland was changed. (262) HIS TOR r OF PENNS YL VA NIA. 263 17. State when and how William Penn visited Philadel- phia. 18. State how Penn named the streets of Philadelphia. 19. Give date and place of the first Legislative Assembly in the Province of Pennsylvania. 20. Mention the number of chapters contained in the Great Law which Penn prepared. 21. What did Penn require felons, thieves, and vagrants to do while in prison ? 22. What did Penn do towards erecting public schools? 28. Where is Shackamaxon, and for what was it noted? 24. Give date and place of the second Legislative Assem- bly in Pennsylvania. 25. What can you tell of the history of witchcraft, and what remarkable case was tried, Penn presiding? 2G. State how Penn endeared himself to the Indians. 27. When did the Welsh come to Pennsylvania, and how were they received ? 28. Give the history of the Quaker settlement of Pennsyl- vania. 21). When did Fletcher become Governor of Pennsylvania, and how did he conduct his administration? 30. State Penn's views of slavery. 31. What words are on the Treaty Monument? 32. How long was the first Constitution of Pennsylvania in force ? 33. How long was the second Constitution of Pennsylvania in force? 34. Who was the first mayor of Philadelphia ? 35. When did the Episcopalians establish themselves in Pennsylvania, and what were they called? 36. Who organized the first company of soldiers in Penn- sylvania? 37. Who was the first Governor of Pennsylvania? 38. When was John Evans appointed Governor? How long did he rule, and who succeeded him ? 264 LIVE QUESTIONS. 39. When did Queen Anne's war begin and end, and how did it affect the American colonies ? 40. Who held the lion's share of offices in Pennsylvania up to the year 1714? 41. Who was Charles Goodkin ? Who was Sir William Keith ? 42. When and where did Penn die, and how old was he ? 43. How did the news of Penn's death affect the Indians? 44. How many German families were in Pennsylvania at the beginning of the eighteenth century ? 45. When did the Mennonists come to Pennsylvania? 46. Where did the Germans settle, and where was the first German Reformed Church established ? 47. When was paper money issued in Pennsylvania? 48. Who was Patrick Gordon ? What can you say of his administration ? 49. Give date of the first Roman Catholic service in Penn- sylvania. 50. Who was Governor Thomas ? What can you say of his administration ? 51. How did the word ^^ redemtioners'' get into Pennsyl- vania history? 52. What can you say of the distress during Pontiac's war? 53. What was the cause of the Wyoming battle ? 54. Who was Governor Hamilton ? What can you say of his administration? 55. How did the French and English regard each other's possessions in America? 56. What can you say of Governor Dinwiddle? 57. What can you say of Fort Du Quesne, and where and by whom was Fort Necessity erected? 58. What can you say of Robert H. Morris? 59. Give a brief history of Edward Braddock. 60. Give a brief history of Benjamin Franklin. 61. What young man was on Braddock's staff? HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 265 (32. Who gave Braddock advice concerning the carrying on of war in trackless forests? 63. What befell Braddock ; and how did his death affect the soldiers? 64. Give an account of Washington's bravery, and recite his advice while on Braddock' s staff. 65. Who became commander-in-chief, upon the death of Braddock, of all the American forces? Q^. State the object of Franklin's dialogue, published dur- ing the military campaign of 1756. 67. What was the character and result of the campaign of 1757? 68. What war in 1762 disturbed the Colonies? 69. What conspiracy was formed in 1763 ; and who was the leader? 70. What can you say of Colonel Bouquet ; and when and where did he begin his march ? 71. What can you say of General Forbes? 72. When was Fort Du Quesne destroyed? 73. What revolutionary fame belongs to Pennsylvania? 74. When and to whom was the Declaration of Independ- ence read ? 75. For what is "Independence Hall" memorable? 76. What battle was fougiit to save Philadelphia? 77. Who was General Wayne? 78. Who commanded the British when they entered Phila- delphia ? 79. What can you say of Forts Mifflin and Mercer? 80. Who were victorious in the Battle of Germantown, and why was the battle lost ? 81. What can you say of Valley Forge? 82. In what county did Wayne's troops winter ; and what was their condition? 83. Give a brief history of Wyoming Valley. 84. What can you say of the Battle of Yorktown ? 23 266 LIVE QUESTIONS. 85. Who were the Pennsylvania representatives at the con- ventions to consider changes in the Articles of Con- federation ? 86. When did the Articles of Confederation end; and the United States begin ? 87. Who owned Pennsylvania at the beginning of the Revolutionary War ? 88. When did Pennsylvania take steps toward reconstruc- tion ? 89. What was the object of the convention that met in Philadelphia, July 15th, 1776? 90. Give date of the last vestige of proprietary authority in Pennsylvania. 91. When was Pennsylvania made a State? 92. When was the present organization of the State gov- ernment adopted ? 93. When, where, and how was the Constitution of Penn- sylvania revised ? 94. State what was done at the close of Mifflin's adminis- tration ? 95. When did Harrisburg become the capital of the State ? 96. When was the corner-stone of the capitol building laid? 97. Tell how the Indian title to Pennsylvania was entirely extinguished. 98. What do we mean by the /;4'' ^'if'^away ? 99. Where was Fort Pitt? Fort Muncy? Fort Augusta? 100. What was the foundation of Pittsburgh ? 101. Who destroyed the settlements west of the AUegha- nies ? 102. Where was the first court held west of the mountains ? 108. When was Hannastown destroyed ? 104. Tell all you can of Hannastown. 105. From what, and when was Westmoreland County erected ? 106. When did Greensburg become the county seat ? HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 267 107. What county is the mother of counties west of the mountains ? 108. Name the new counties taken from Westmoreland. When taken. 109. What do we mean by the Whisky Rebellion ? 110. When and by whom was the first number of the Pitts- burgh Gazette issued ? 111. For what purpose and when was the Pennsylvania Population Company organized ? 112. When was Westmoreland County settled? 113. When did petroleum become an article of commerce ? 114. What effect had the oil furor upon the country? 115. Who was Commodore Perry? Describe his battle on Lake Erie. 116. Recite Perry's dispatch to General Harrison, after the victory on the lake. 117. What was the first notable public act passed by the Pennsylvania Legislature ? 118. Where was the first railroad in America? 119. Give a brief history of Robert Fulton. 120. When and where was the first great turnpike in \mer- ica constructed ? * 121. When did the first passenger trains run through from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh ? 122. What important act did the Pennsylvania Legislature pass in 1834 ? 123. When, where, and by whom was the first school opened west of the Delaware ? 124. What can you say of the University of Pennsylvania? 125. Who first taught chemistry in America? 126. What can you say of Jefferson Medical College? 127. Where was the first homoeopathic schools opened ? 128. Who established the free schools in Pennsylvania ? 129. When and where was the first Sabbath-school opened ? 130. What were the public schools at one time called ; and why did they meet with intense opposition ? 268 LTVE QUESTIONS. 13i. Did the Secretary of the Commonwealth ever act as Superintendent of Schools? Under what act? 132. What can you say of Thaddeus Stevens as a defender of the free-school system ? 133. Who was Dr. Thomas H. Burrowes? 134. When was the office of County Superintendent estab- lished? 135. vState the number of State Superintendents of Com- mon Schools. Name them in order and time served. ]3G. When and where was anthracite coal first discovered ? 137. Who first discovered coal in the Lehigh region ? When ? 138. Describe how Philip Ginter discovered coal. 139. State how coal was discovered in the Schuylkill region. 140. Give dates of the first attempts at steam navigation. 141. When was coal first used as fuel for warming houses in Pennsylvania ? 142. From what did Valley Forge take its name? 143. Name the two counties in which there were furnaces and forges established before the Revolution. 144. What can you say of William Denning's wrought-iron cannon ? 145. When President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteer troops, at the beginning of the war, how many troops were asked of Pennsylvania ? 146. What part did Pennsylvania take in the late Rebellion ? 147. How did Lee enter Pennsylvania? 148. Give a short history of such of the leading generals of Pennsylvania who took part in the late Rebellion. 149. Give a short history of Andrew G. Curtin. Of John W. Geary. 150. Who was the first Governor of Pennsylvania? 151. Give a history of the Soldiers' Orphan Schools. 152. State how the people of Pennsylvania compare with the inhabitants of other States. * CONSTITUTION OF PENNSYLVANIA. 269 153. Who was the first Governor under the Constitution of the State ? 154. Who was the first Governor under the Constitution of 1838? 155. Name the Pennsylvania soldiers of the Revolution who were presidents of the Continental Congress. 150. Give a short history of General Arthur St. Clair. Give a brief history of Henry C. Hikok. Of J. P. Wickersham. 3^««<00- Constitution of Pennsylvania. 1. What is the Constitution of Pennsylvania? 2. Give some account of the making of the Constitution. 3. What constitutes the Legislative Department of our State Government ? 4. What officers constitute the Executive Department ? 5. What officer is Supreme Executive ? 6. State the provisions of the Constitution concerning the following-named officers, with respect to qualifica- tions, how chosen, term of service, and principal duties, viz. : Member of the House, Senator, Gov- ernor, Lieutenant-Governor, Secretary of the Com- monwealth, Attorney General, Auditor General, State Treasurer, Secretary of Internal Affairs, Su- perintendent of Public Instruction, Judge of the Supreme Court, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. 7. What officers compose the Board of Pardons ? 8. Of how many members is the House of Representatives composed ? 9. How many Senators? 23* 270 LIVE QUESTIONS. 10. State in what legislative, senatorial, and judicial dis- trict you reside. 11. Name the principal county officers, the princi])al town- ship or ward officers. 12. Give the qualifications of a voter. 13. Can persons who are not voters hold office ? 14. What is the process of naturalization ? 15. Distinguish between a citizen and a voter. 16. When does the general election for State and county officers take place ? 17. When does the election for township, borough, and city officers take place ? 18. What is the use of habeas corpus; and what is provided with respect to it ? 19. Describe the process of legislation by which a bill be- comes a law. 20. What is necessary that a town may become a city? A town a borough ? 21. Give the process of amending the Constitution. 22. What do you mean by preamble, and why does not the Constitution of Pennsylvania begin as the Constitu- tion of the United States? 23. When was the present organization of the State gov- ernment planned and adopted ? 24. What do you mean by the Supreme Executive Council ? 25. State when the Constitution of the State was amended. CHAPTER XL Literature. 1. Distinguish between English literature and American literature. 2. What do you mean by the literature of a country ? 3. What is literature, and what does the term mean ? 4. In how many forms does literature exist ? 5. Define poetry, and name the kinds of poetry. G. Distinguish between an epic and a narrative poem. 7. Give examples of epic poems ; of narrative poems. 8. Distinguish between didactic and pastoral poetry. 9. Distinguish between dramatic and humorous poetry. 10. Distinguish between lyric and elegiac poetry. 11. Give examples of didactic poetry; of pastoral poetry. 12. Give examples of humorous poetry ; of dramatic poetry. 13. Give examples of lyric poetry ; of elegiac poetry. 14. Recite a brief extract from Milton's Paradise Lost. ■ 15. Recite a brief extract from Tennyson's Enoch Arden. 16. Recite a brief extract from Gray's Elegy. 17. Recite an extract from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. 18. Recite a brief extract from Cowper'syG. What were the last words of Goethe ? G7. What selections of Longfellow have you studied? G8. What selections of Whittier have you studied ? 274 LIVE QUESTIONS. 69. What selections of Bryant have you studied ? 70. What selections of Gray have you studied ? 71. What selections of Irving have you studied? 72. Give dates of birth and death of Goldsmith ; of Burns; of Addison ; of Scott ; of Milton ; of Shakes- peare ; of Chaucer ; of Tennyson ; of Milton ; of Byron ; of Bacon ; of Spencer ; of Bryant ; of Ir- ving ; of Gray ; of Whittier ; of Longfellow ; of Taylor; of Prescott ; of Hume. 73. Whom does the world consider the better historian, Macaulay or Hume ? 74. How many of England's greatest writers were bachelors? 75. How many of America's greatest writers had domestic troubles ? 7G. What can you say of Mrs. Sigourney? 77. What can you say of Mrs. Hemans? 78. Who wrote T/ie Spectator? Give a sketch of the author's life, 79. Who wrote " From Greenland's Icy Mountains? " 80. What can you say of the habits of Scott? of Willis? of Channing? of Dickens? of Poe? of Charlotte Bronte? of Tom Moore? of Pope ? Note. — To illustrate what we mean by the habits of authors. Ad- dison used to pace up and down the long hall at Holland House, before he was ready for his pen; Pope worked himself into a high state of excitement; Lamb smoked ; and Carlyle takes a good, vigor- ous English walk of several miles (far enough to get himself into a glow), and then is ready for his pen. 81. What can you say of Carlyle; of his character and of his works ? Which is his most noted work ? 82. Who is styled the " marvelous boy? " 83. Name the author of each of the following works, and mention another work by each author : The Tale of a Tub ; Sketch-Book-; Evangeline { The Rivals ; The Giaour ; Robi7ison Crusoe ; Pickwick Papers. LITERATURE. 275 84. Who were the so-called "Lake-school" poets; and why called " Lake-school ? " 85. Who were the great literary impostors of the latter half of the eighteenth century? 86. Who wrote Gulliver's Travels; and what was the author's intent ? 87. In what was the author of Gulliver's Travels sadly disappointed ; and how did he seek revenge? 88. Goldsmith, as a writer, excelled in fiction, in poetry, and in history. Mention a work written by him in each of these departments. 89. Give a sketch of the life of Scotland's greatest poet, and mention two of his most popular poems., 90. Sketch the life of Coleridge ; mention his works, and give an extract of his most noted production. OL Name Burns' s contemporaries. Name some of his best known works, and give extracts of them. 92. Distinguish between the writers Johnson and Jonson. 93. Show that George Eliot was a greater novelist than Charlotte Bronte. 94. What can you say of Burke as a writer?' 95. Name and classify the writers of the Elizabethan age. 96. In what respects are the works of Lord Surrey inter- esting in the history of English literature ? 97. What do we mean by the Shakespearian-Bacon con- troversy ? 98. Give the author of each of the following works : De- cli?te and Fall of the Roman Empire^ Oliver Twisty Cotter' s Salur day Night. Vicar of Wakefield. Uto- pia. Novufu Organum. Childe Harold. 99. Describe the stanza in which the Cotter' s Saturday Night is written. 100. Who were the chief writers of Queen Anne's reign? 101. Recite extracts from Hamlet, Macbeth, Merchant of Venice, Julius Ccesar, and Richard III. 276 LIVE QUESTIONS. 102. Name two of the most noted works by the author of Lays of Ancient Rojne^ 103. Name the works by the author oi Sartor Resartus. 104. Mention the leading female poets, novelists, and his- torians of America, now living. 105. Who is considered ''the greatest of female poets?" 106. Which is considered the greater poet, Bryant or Longfellow ? State your reasons. 107. Who was considered the greatest journalist of this / country? Sketch his life and education. 108. Who are considered the leading journalists of this country ? 109. In what did Horace Greeley excel other journalists? 110. Mention the leading " Reviews" of this country. 111. Name the leading " monthly magazines ' ' of this coun- try, and the editors of each. 112. What author has given us the best translation of Homer ? 113. Name the prominent humorists of this country. 1 14. Who are considered the \Qdidmg free-thinkers of the age ? 115. Mention four of the leading theologians of the age. 116. Who wrote Vanity Fair? Daniel Deronda? Hudi- bras .? Lai la Rookh ? Enoch Arden ? Hyperion ? 117. Who said " Man wants but little here below, Nor wants that little long ? ' ' 118. Who said " I'd rather be right than be president? "„ 119. Sketch the life of Bayard Taylor, mention his works, and give extracts of two of his most noted works. 120. Who is the author of each of the following sayings : "A thing of beauty is a joy forever?" "Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wise?" "Art is long and time is fleeting?" "All is not gold that glistens ? " "To beard the lion in his den? " "I, the heir of all ages ? " " Want of decency is want of sense?" "Ill blows the wind that profits no- body?" "Brevity is the soul of wit?" LITERATURE. 277 121. Who said '' To rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot ? " 1:^2. Whose identity was concealed under each of the fol- lowing pseudonyms: ''Mark Twain," "George Eliot," "L. P:. L.," "Currer Bell," "Artemus Ward," ''Timothy Titcomb," "Boz," "Peter Parle)^" "Josh Billings," " Petroleum V. Nasby," " Miles O'Reilly," " Grace Greenwood," " Fanny Fern," "Gath?" 123. Mention some of the principal causes that tend to re- tard the development of a national literature in the United States. 124. Who wrote the following : "The Bridge of Sighs," "The Deserted Village," " Thanatopsis," "Paul Revere's Ride," " The Hours of Death," "Evan- geline," "The House of Seven Gables," "The Alhambra," " Locksley Hall." 125. In what work do we find each of the following char- acters : " Leatherstocking," " Wouter Van Twil- ler," " Baltus Von Slingerland," "Bernard Lang- don," "Hayle," and "Kelso?" 126. Write an essay on the poetry of Whittier. 127. Where did the author get the groundwork for " Evan- geline ?" 128. At what age was the author when he wrote "Thana- topsis?" 129. What are the qualities that are chiefly characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon literature ; and the causes thereof? 130. Contrast Whittier's poetry with that of O. W. Holmes. 131. What was the character of the literature of the period of Restoration ? 132. Sketch the lives of Goethe and Schiller, and mention their most noted works. 133. Do you think Enoch Arden did right in keeping se- cret his identity? 134. How were Enoch Arden's last days passed? 24 278 LIVE QUESTIONS. 135. Did Annie Arden do right in accepting the hand of Philip Lee ? 136. Had you been in Enoch Arden's place, would you have taken the same course ? Give your reasons. 137. What sign did Annie Arden seek from the Bible; and with what results? 138. What can you say of the personal appearance of Ed- mund Spenser? 139. The fourth verse of Cotter' s Saturday Night is in quo- tation marks ; why ? From what author is it quoted ? 140. Can you regard Burns as an illustration of the adage, Poeta nascitur, non fit ? 141. To what habit had Burns become addicted ? Did he overcome this habit ? 142. What is meant by the statement, '' Goldsmith was an intensely subjective poet ? ' ' 143. Tell all you can of Macaulay. Mention his works. 144. Why did Spenser call his greatest work Faery Queene ? 145. Where will you find literary reference to " Mrs. Part- ington," '' Thanatopsis," ''Alice and Phoebe Gary," "George Eliot," "Gulliver," "Bret Harte," "Raven," "Sam Weller," " Currer Bell," "Prisoner of Ghillon," "Robin Hood," "Boz," "Little Nell," "Rip Van Winkle," " Fanny Fern," " Mrs. Bardell," " Wizard of the North," "Will Carleton," "Bob Acres?" Literary Recreations. 146. Name the three essentials that make prose literature. 147. Explain why the rules of poetry are more severe than those of prose. 148. Why have the English written so much sea-poetry ? 149. What became of the literature of the original Britons? 150. In what manner was old English poetry written ? LITERATURE. 279 151. Describe the poem of Beowulf; what it tells of man- ners and customs. 152. Tell the story and end of Beowulf. 153. Who was Caedmon ? What does his poem prove? 15-1. Describe Hild's monastery and surroundings. 155. In what did English song begin? 156. Give the history of Aldhelm. 157. How did Aldhelm sing to the traders? 158. What do you know of the song of Brunanburth ? 159. What do you know of the song of Maldon ? 160. With whom does all English prose begin ? At what date ? 161. Where was the home of English literature? 162. Who was the first translator of a portion of the Bible? 163. Explain why French literature influenced English poetry and not its prose. 164. Describe Ormin's Ormulum. 165. What class of literature interested the Norman his- torians ? 166. Give a summary of the stories told by the Welsh priest. 167. What is said of the Idylls of the Kings ? 168. What is said of Layamous Brut ? 169. Tell the story of Robin Hood. 170. Distinguish between Wyclif and Langland. 171. Tell who wrote Piers, the Plowman, and how he de- scribes himself. 172. What translation did much to fix the English lan- guage ? 173. In what language did Wyclif meet his accusers ? 174. Describe John Gower's influence as a story-teller. 175. Relate the incident with Richard II. 176. Whose tales did Chaucer read ? 177. Give Chaucer's definition of a gentleman. 178. Where in literature does Sir John Mandeville belong? 179. What is the definition of Scottish poetry? 280 LIVE QUESTIONS. 180. Where do we find the origin of English fiction? 181. With what work begins the later Elizabethan poetry? 182. What is the character of Spenser's Shepherd'' s Calen- der ? 183. Explain why the drama in England began in religion. 184. What is said of the epilogue to The Tempest? 185. With whom did the Elizabethan drama die? 186. What can you say of Jeremy Taylor and Richard Baxter ? 187. Of what did the songs of epigrams treat ? 188. Define satirical, pastoral, rural, and town poetry. 189. Explain why Milton for twenty years wrote but little poetry. 190. What is said o{ Paradise Regained? 191. What is Pilgrim' s Progress, in the language of the people ? 192. In what manner did Dryden and Pope treat man ? 193. What was Bacon's influence on science ? 194:. What can you say of Sir Isaac Newton? 195. Distinguish briefly between the writings of Jeremy Taylor and Thomas Hoffes. 196. What can you say of Bishop Butler's works? 197. State the three positions in John Locke's Civil Gov- ernment. 198. What is said of Locke's Essav on the Human Under- standing ? 199. What novel did Sir Walter Scott create ? 200. What is said of the histories written by Henry Hallam ? 201. Describe Macaulay's History of England, as to style. 202. State the opinions of Hume, in his Philosophy. 203. Show why the writings and speeches of Edmund Burke exerted so much influence. 204. What science did Adam vSmith create ; and what theory did he start ? 205. Why is Samuel Johnson deemed the first literary man, as we know him to-day? Name his popular work. LITERATURE. 281 206. What is said of the poems of Ossian ? 207. What can you say of Chatterton and his writings ? 208. What is said of Thompson's Seasons ? 209. What are we brought face to face with in the tales of Crabbe ? 210. What is said of Southey ? Of Coleridge ? 211. Give an account of Wordsworth's youth and training. 212. What can you say of Campbell's Pleasures of Hope ? 213. What are the characteristics of Thomas Moore's poetry ? 214. Name the post-Revolution poets. 215. Why did Byron write in opposition to social morality ? 216. Name the chief idea in Shelly's Queen Mab. 217. Draw a parallel between Keats and Shelly. 218. Name England's best present writers. What is said of one of them ? 219. What is said of Tennyson's Idylls? 220. Upon what depends the success of literature ? 221. How was the literature of the colonial period influ- enced ? 222. What is the character of the writings of George Washington ? 223. Give an account of the Federalist. 224. Who was the harbinger in the field of American romance ? 225. Why were Cooper's novels so popular? 226. Who stands pre-eminent in American literature ? 227. Give the story of Benjamin Franklin. 228. Who was Timothy Dwight? Can you name his works ? 229. In what consists the charm of Irving's writings? 230. Give a sketch of Channing. 231. Give a summary of Jared Sparks's writings. • 232. Describe the characteristics of Bryant's poetry. 233. Explain the popularity of Longfellow's works. 234. How has Whittier been characterized ? 24* 282 LIVE QUESTIONS. 235. Give a sketch of Holmes and Lowell, and name their writings. 28(1. Name the advantages derived from the notices of books. 237. Explain in what respect our literature is rich. 238. Describe the influence of the essayists. 239. What has been the effect of popular lectures ? 240. Give a sketch of Hawthorne's style, and name his writings. 241. Why was U'y/c/e Tom's Cabin so popular? 242. Why does Stedman stand high as a critic ? 243. Describe Bayard Taylor as an author. 244. Explain the novelty of the writings of Joaquin Miller and Bret Harte. 245. Give a description of J. G. Saxe's poetry. 24G. What is said of Jim Bludso? How has he been com- plimented ? 247. Name Mrs. Whitney's writings and Miss Alcott's. 248. State the character of Miss Stuart's style and writings. 249. What is said of Mrs. Spofford and Mrs. Burnett, as to their writings ? 250. What literature has grown up recently? 251. Name the authors and their works on church history. 252. Name the authors and their works on jurisprudence and international law. 253. What can you say of the author who said "Come, let us live for children ? " CHAPTER XII. DRA^^^ING. 1. 2. 3. 4. What is drawing? At wiiat age would you introduce drawing? Distinguish between mechanical and free-hand drawing. What is a line? What is a straight line? What instruments do mechanics use to make and test straight lines ? 6. Distinguish between a horizontal line and a vertical line. Give examples. 7. What are slanting lines? What parallel lines? 8. Draw lines in several directions through the same point, and make equal distances from the point on all of them. 9. Draw straight lines in different directions, and mark by the eye the same distance, once, on all of them. 10. Divide a line into four equal parts. 11. How do you h'sec^ a line ? How t7'isect a line ? 12. Draw several vertical parallels, beginning alternately at top and bottom. 13. Define an angle ; a right angle ; an obtuse angle ; an acute angle. Give examples. (283) 284 LIVE QUESTIONS. 14. What instrument is used in determining the kind of angle ? 15. What is a surface? What a plane surface? 16. What instrument is used to determine a plane surface ? 17. Define a triangle ; an equilateral triangle ; an isosceles triangle ; a right-angled triangle ; an obtuse-angled triangle ; an acute-angled triangle. 18. Define a square ; an oblong ; a rhombus ; a parallelo- gram ; a pentagon ; a hexagon. 19. Draw two equal crossed squares. Place an equilateral triangle upon each side of a square. 20. Use two equal obtuse-angled triangles in forming a balanced drawing. 21. Construct squares of various sizes and in various posi- tions, first without their diagonals, and then with them. 22. Draw a line cutting off one-fourth of a right angle from either of its sides. 23. When is a figure or drawing balanced ? 24. Use any number of either kind of triangles in forming a balanced drawing. 25. Place a square upon each side of a square. 26. Place equal oblongs, one upon each side of a square. 27. Place a square upon each side of an equilateral triangle. 28. What is a curve ; and when are curves parallel ? 29. When are curves similar ? 30. Define a radius ; an arc ; a diameter ; a chord ; an ellipse ; an oval ; a circle. 31. Distinguish between a simple curve and a compound curve. 32. What is a circumference ? What the centre of a circle ? 33. Draw circular arcs in various positions, and of various radii. 34. Distinguish between a plane angle and a solid angle. 35. Construct a series of six figures ; of a solid ; and of a skeleton triangular pyramid. DRAWING. 285 80. What do we mean by relative lengths and relative sizes? o7. What do we mean by angular proportions and linear proportions ? I>8. What useful exercises in distance., direction, and division can you give your pupils? 39. What do we mean by unity, symmetry, and variety in drawing ? 40. What is single symmetry ? What double symmetry ? 41. Make various combinations of four equal acute-isosceles triangles. 4:^. Make various combinations with four equal squares. 43. Draw two vertical lines, each ten inches in length and three inches apart; connect their middle points by a straight line. 4 1. Draw a triangle with two equal sides; make the un- equal side the longer axis of an ellipse. 45. Draw a circle ; divide its circumference into eight equal parts; from each point of division, draw a chord to every third point. 46. Mark two points so as to join them by a horizontal line, beginning to the left of the left-hand one, and draw to the right. 47. Construct as many balanced drawings as possible by using two equal right-angled triangles. 48. Draw a circle ; divide its circumference into six equal arcs ; draw the chords of these arcs ; from the centre of the circle draw radii to alternate points of division in the circumference. 49. What is isometrical drawing? 50. What is a perspective drawing, and what are projection drawings ? 51. Draw six figures, three of a solid, and three of a skele- ton triangular prism. 52. Draw a circle ; divide its circumference into five equal parts ; from each point of division draw a straight line to each alternate point of division. 286 LIVE QUESTIONS. 53. Distinguish between geometrical letters and free-hand letters. 54. What is lettering ; and is it a part of drawing ? 55. What are geometric symbols? 56. What is a symbol ? Give examples. 57. A monument is an emblem of what ? 58. Of what is a broken monument a symbol ? 59. The American flag is an emblem of what ? 60. Of what is the oak a symbol ? The elm ? 61. Of what is a straight line a symbol ? 62. Distinguish between a symbol and a type. 63. Distinguish between distance and direction in geomet- rical forms. 64. Design a cup ; a vase ; a tumbler ; a hatchet ; an axe ; a cup and saucer ; a bird ; a plane ; a cart ; a jug ; a pig ; a horse ; a fish ; a rabbit ; a hand-saw ; a snail ; a pitcher and goblet ; a padlock ; a b.ook. 65. Draw a square and both of its diagonals ; connect by straight lines the middle points of opposite sides ; divide the lines last drawn each into four equal parts ; from each point of division, excepting the middle, draw straight lines to the nearest angles of the square. Recreations in Dra^wing. ^^. Make an isosceles triangle. 67. Draw one line parallel to another, and let the two be three inches apart. 68. Make a rhomboid ; a trapezoid ; a trapezium. 69. Make a sextant, and write upon it its name. 70. Place a hexagon in a circle. 71. Divide a circle into eight equal parts. 72. Place a circle in a square. DRAWING. 287 73. Can you place a circle in an equilateral triangle ? 74. Can you fit an equilateral triangle in a circle? 75. Place two hexagons so that one angle of one hexagon may touch vertically one angle of the other. 7(3. Divide a line into four equal parts. 77. Divide a square into four equal and similar figures sev- eral ways, and give the name to each variety. 78. Make a regular dodecagon. 7^. Show how many hexagons may be made to touch one point. 80. Can you fit a hexagon outside a circle. 81. Can you make one square that shall be equal to the sum of two other squares ? 82. Can you make a square that shall equal the difference between two squares ? 83. Invent and construct as beautiful a star as you can. 84. Can you place a circle in a triangle ? 85. Change a square to an obtuse-angled isosceles triangle. 86. Change a triangle into a rectangle. 87. Can you place nine trees in ten rows of three in a row? 88. Show by a figure how many cubes may be made to touch one cube. 89. Can you convert a scalene triangle into a symmetrical trapezium ? 90. Can you plant nineteen trees in nine rows of five in a row? 91. Can you divide a line as any other line is divided? 92. Divide a line into five equal parts. 93. Can you place a square in a pentagon? 94. Can you make a line of secants ? 95. Make a few circles, and fit a secant to each. 96. How would you construct an oval ? 97. Show how a prolate spheroid is formed, and say what it reminds you of. 98. Can you construct a parabola ? How ? 288 LIVE QUESTIONS. 99. Measure a few acute angles by the line of tangents. 100. Make an angle and its tangent, and also its co- tangent. Note. — These recreations are intended to cultivate a taste for the study of Geometry. It is expected that teachers will first become in- terested, and then in an interesting way present the subject to their pupils fit for such exercises. CHAPTER XIII. Analysis of Sentences. 1. Nor second he that rode sublime Upon the seraph wings of ecstasy, The secrets of the abyss to spy. — Complex Sentence. { "that rode upon the serapli wings," 1. Subject., "he," nwd'ijied by \ etc. — A ■positive clause ele- ine)it. 2. Predicate^ "was second." 3. Subject, "that." 4. Predicate., "rode," modified by 25 - 1. "subhme." — Adjective used by poetical license as an adverb of place or manner. 2. " upon the seraph wings of ecstasy." — Adverbial phrase of place. o. "the secrets of the abyss to spy." — Advei^bial phrase of cause. (289) 290 LIVE QUESTIONS. 2. Triumphal arch that fill'st the sky, When storms prepare to part ! I ask not proud philosophy To teach me what thou art. — Complex Sentence. 1. Subject, "I." 2. Predicate, ^^Siskuot,^' rnodified by < ^ . t — Adverbial phrase. " To teach me what thou art, triumphal 3. Object, ynodified by -. arch that fill'st," etc. — Lifinitive uvih noun clause as object. 4. Subject, " th ou , ■ ' ynodijied by "Triumphal arch that fill'st the sky, "When storms prepare to part." -Noun with adjective, and adjective clause. 5. Pre(^ica/e, "art what." 6. Subject, "that." ^ r, T J. l,xi^^, J. ,, j-j: j l f "When stoniis prepare to part. " 7. Predicatc,^^n\Vst," modified by ^ \ /^ . , , I — Adverbial clause. 8. Object, "the sky." 9. S^ibject, "storms." 10. Predicate, "prepare," f 1. " when.'" — Adverbial word. modified by I 2. "to part." — Adverbial phi-ase. 3. Laughing to one's self is impolite in company. — Simple Sentence. 1. Subject, " laughing to one's self." 2. Predicate, "is impolite," and f "in company." — Adverbial attribute, tnodified by I ^jArase. ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES. 291 4. What art does for men, nature has done for animals, which are themselves incapable of art. — Complex Sentence. 1. Subject, "nature." 2. Predicate " has done,'' modified by "for animals, which are themselves incapable of 2ivi.''- —^Ad.verbial ■phrase containing adjective clause. o. Object, "What art does for men." — [Noun clause), adjective clause. 4. Subject, "art." r n 7- u ,1 1 )) j-^ J J r"for men." — Adverbial 5. Predicate, "does," modiped by < t phrase. 6. Object, "what." ,., o 7- u LI 1,- 1, )) j-ji 1 1 r " themselves." — Reitective pro- t. Subject, '■^\N men, ^^ modified by < , /. ^ t nou7i in apposition. ^.Predicate "are incapable," and attribute f " of art." — Ad- 7)iodified by I verbial phrase. 5. In the multitude of counselors there is safety. — Simple Seiitence. 1. Subject, "safety." 2. Predicate, " is" (exists), modified by 1 . " there. ' ' — Expletive adverb. 2. " In the multitude of counselors." — Ad- verbial phrase of place. 292 LIVE QUESTIONS. 6. No scene of life but has contributed much to remember. — Co7nplex Sentence. 1. " No. " — Indejin'ite 7iurneral. 2. "of life." — Restrictive ad- jective p/i rase. 1. Subject, "scene," modified ht/ | o. u i^^^ (that not) has con- tributed much to re- member." — Restrictive adjective clause. 2. Predicate, "is" (exists) tniderstood. 3. Subject, "that." 4. Predicate, "has not contrilnitcd." r r\i • ^ u ■. \. 1) T-^ 7 I ( " to remenibor." — Ad'iective 5. Object, ^'■inyxdh,^' ynod.iped by < -J y 'phrase. 7. What he spake, thongli it lacked form a little, was not like madness. — Cotnplex Sentence. 1. Subject, " What he spake " {noun clause). f 1. "madness." — Adverbial phrase 2. Pr^Ziw^c, "was not like," \ element of di recti on. and attribute, inodifed by 2. " though itlacked form alittle." — Adverbial clause. 3. Subject, "he." 4. Predicate, "spake." 5. Object, "what." 6. Sub'ject, "it" (rvhat he s/iake). 7. Predicate, " lacked," niodifed by 8. Object, "form." [ "a little" (elliptical for) I to a little degree. — j Adverbial phrase of 1 degree. ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES. 293 8. Here Cumberland lies, having acted his parts, The Terence of P^ngland, the mender of hearts, A flattering painter, wlio made it his care 'I'o draw men as they ought to l)e, not as they are. — Complex Sentence. 1. " luiv inducted Ills parts." — P. " the mender or hearts." — Norm modified by -ji i.l • a- ^ ivith adjunct in apposition. 4. " A flattering painter, who made it," etc. — Noun in apposition, lait/i an adjective clause am,07uj its adjuncts. Predicate -Mies," inodijied by \ ^- '' ^^^^e."- Adverbial element 0/ place. Subject, "who." _^ ,. , f "his care. " — Adverbial pJi rase Predicate ^^ mnae,'' modified by J r ,• .- of direction. " To draw men as they ought to be." Object, ^'■M,'^ modified by - — Infinitive enlarged by object and by adverbial clause. Subject, "they." Prec^icaie, " oiiffhttobe," f ,, ,, ., , . . ° ' ^ "as." — Adverb of mangier. modified by 1 Subject, " who." Predicate, "made not his care." "to draw men as they are." — In- finitive cnlar "rapidly." — Adverb. modified lii/ 3. Subject, "they." 4. PredJcate, "were able," and able is modified by I ;]. "nevertheless." — Compound a d- [ verb of degree. 1. "to re-conquer their native Palestine." — Oericndial ad- verbial j>firase. 10. The Dutch florist that sells tulip-bulbs for their weight in gold, laughs at the antiquary that pays a great price for a rusty lamp. — Complex Sentence. 1. Subject, "florist," modified by 1. "the."' 2. " Dutch." 3. "that sells tulip-bulbs for their weight in gold. — Restrictive adjectivephrase. 2. Predicate, " laughs at," [com,pound verb). I 1. "the." I 2. " that pays a great price 3. Object, ^^ nnikiuary, " w-odlfied by for a rusty lamp. — Restrictive adverbial 4. Subject, "that." 5. Predicate, "sells," m.odijied by pfvrase. / " for their weight in gold."- l Adverbial phrase of cause. ."— .iV( jective. c r\i ■ V i£i. IV. M j-^ J A I "tulip." — .Noun used as ad (). Object, " bulbs," 'modified by • ^ 7. Subject, "that" (restrictive relative). 8. Predicate, "pays." 9. Object, "price."