Glass Rnnlc - P 4- % Petition and APPEAL OF Tflt Six Nation s, ONEIDA, 8TOCKBRIDGE, &* TO TBI GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Therefor* all tMngt waattoavar ?• woald that asaa saaoM to !• 70*, 4 ya avae »o (o tbaca 1 for tkU u tba law aad toe propaata, J*»* i Cum, V 5 «JVG BRFIELD: PRINTED BT JOSEPH TE2IRT. 1829. ^ i 4> y To the Hon. the Senate of the United States. Fathers, We your children being chiefs and principal men of the several Indian Tribee hereunto subscribed, would request your Hon. Body to hear us a few words. As the settlements of the white people were crowding: upon ours in the State of N. York, where we all heretofore resided and where many of our people still reside, and as they were greatly annoy- ed by the venders of ardent spirits among them, and by other evils under which they were fast diminish- ing, they clearly saw the necessity of seeking a new fire-place, where they would be more secluded from the influence of wicked white people, and lese exposed to roanv temptations. After some delays and disapnoin^menf* our Great Father the President of the United State*, save us permission to make a Treaty with our Brethren in the Northwest pari the Territory of Michigan, to purchase lands, where we misrht enjov the advantages we desired, \ accordingly made a Treaty with our Brethren the Menominie and Winnebagro Tribes of Indians, tc purcha^o a tract of land Iviny him euffib>*nt tor the Trifceg concerned in the Treaties. But we were at the same time informed by the Hon. the Secretary at War, that we might settle on any part of the land purchased with perfect safety. Rare* Father^, we hoped to enjoy a safe retreat for ourselves ancjr children, and that to remote genera- tions, we ai>d they should remain undisturbed in the possession of this distant country. But how great was ouK surprise and sorrow, when at the late Trea- ty halo 1 by his Excellency Gov. L. Cass and CoF. The*. L. McKenny, at the Little Butte des Morts, ©ur lands were purchased by them as Commission- ?rs of the U. S. and thus our hopes of security in his last refuge destroyed. If Treaties thus made ■by us with the approbation of public authority, and confirmed by the same, are to be thus disregarded and trampled on, on what can we rely, or where shall we ever rest 1 ? This purchase of cur lards was ttiade, not only without our consent srd contrary to ©ur most earnest wishes, but also without even con- sulting us at all ! We were not alleged a hearing nor even asked whether we would consent to sell or not. It has indeed been said t©us, thatfhis Treaty does not effect owr claims, but leaves them still good. But W our right to the land we- lave purchased is considered good, why is it purchased again from •others, and nothing said to uet And if any righl ♦ \ 5 could he thus obtained to the land which we occu- pied in common with ibe Menominies, surely it could not be to that part which lies within the first Treaty, in which there was no such condition. We are not unwilling that our white Brethren should have some land in this region, but we entreat you not to suffer our lands to be thus forcibly taken from us, contrary to solemn Treaty and without our con- sent. If this Treaty, to purchase our land from us without our consent, and against our wishes, should be confirmed, it will serve wholly to discourage the emigration of our people from the East. — Indeed the attempts which have been making to obtain such a Treat.v, have hindered many from coming to this country who would have been here before now, if no such attempts had been made. It would be unreasonable for them to leave their country and their home*, when they could, have no security that they should remain undisturbed in the country they had purchased. Fathers, we wish that this Treaty msv not be confirmed, but that Commissioners might he appointed, and sent to Green Bay next spring, to meet Delegates from all the Tribes of In- dians in the State of N. York, concerned in the pur- chases of land in that country, fully authorised to assist them in fixing the boundaries of their several locations, on principles of Justice and Equity, and to confirm these locations to them and their de- scendants forever, but without their possessing the right of selling them to white people without the approbation of all the Tribes concerned. This measure if adopted would give our people that se- curity in the possession of their lands, which they need, and would encourage the scattered remnants of our Tribes to remove to that country, in the hope Of their enjoying for themselves and their children a permanent residence. Fathers, we have no more to say. We put confidence in your clemency and Justice to hear us, and trust vou will not suf- fer us to be deprived of that country which we have fairly and honorably obtained, and which we wish to inhabit, and leave for a possession to our children. We remain with sentiments of the highest respect your friends and children.. Oneida. Tribe. John y, Anthony Chief. Thomas >^ Pawl as. Henry ^ Jonrdan Nathaniel ><< \gigwet War Chief. Daniel Bread W. C. Henrys Powlas First Chief Paul ^ Powlns Anthony ^ Anthony Peach free M Christi-m Nicholas X Wheelock W. C c. c. C; C C, John ^ \-uguat W. Jn4 Doxtador John N. Chicks John W. Quinney Thomas X Simon Joseph M. Quinnukkaut John >< Fox Prothertown Tribe, B. G. Fowler E'iohalet Martherg William Dick John Johnson Asa Dick James Niies Stoclchridge 8f Munsee Tribes. John Metoxeq IN" presenting the foregrunar Petition, the Chiefs of the Six Nations Stookbrido;e and others. beg leave to accompany it with a few words, setting forth more particularly their reasons for objecting to the ratification of the Treaty made by the II. S. Commissioners at fheRotte des morts in 1827, and to give a short history of the manner by whieh they carne in possession of this country, showing that it was through the advice, assistance and approbation of the Government. It is well known that the migration of the Indians has been westward— taat in proportion as the whits 4 fropiflfltion advances, they recede. This fact was agitated in Council by the 8ix INat'ous as early as 1811), and they were encouraged to hope, by several Officers of Government {hut acme permanent rent- ing place should be provided tor then*, where they might remain in peace. for ages. '1 hey were indu- ced to present a memorial to the Honoiable the Sec- retary oi War, on the subject of r l t eating with tleir Brethren somewhere at the west, tor such a conn- try as might be suitable for their permanent resid- ence. This memorial was sent forward in 3815. and commences a series of negeciatiou between the War Office and the Six Nations, extracts and pane of which we beg leave to present. After shewing in this memorial their desire to procure a country *>f some of their western Brethren they say w The Sachems and Chiefs of the {Six Nations "are however aware of the impropriety of iofui- " ing any definitive resolutions on a measure so ma- "ierially affecting the future condition or welfare of 11 their people without the advice and approbation " of the government-»ot the U. 8 that has so long "cherished and protected them, and to which they " are closely united by the brightest chain of peace " and friendship. "The object of this memorial is therefore to en- u quire I irst, whether the government will consent "to our leaving our present habitations, and rerao- " ving into the neighborhood of our western Breth- " ren 1 Secondly, whether if we should obtain ei- " ther by gift or purchase, from our western friends, "a seat on their lands, the government wiil ac- " kuowledge our title in the same manner as it now "acknowledges it in those from whom we may re- ceive it 1 And Ihirdly, whether our removal will " be considered as changing in any manner the re- lations now subsisting between our Tribes and "the Government, or whether they will be permit- ted to continue the same , and existing Ueaties "still remain in force, and annuities paid as hereto- "fore] We send this by cur approved frierids, " Gen. Porter, and Mr. Granger, and Capt. Parish, " After the strong and repeated proofs given *hf " the toix i\arious oi their friendship and aUu i.iutut '" for the U to. the Saeheins, and Chiefs, feet assu- " red that their wish ot removing to a more distant "partot tae country, will not be attributed to any "dissatistactiou towards their white Brethren. " And they are persuaded that no political cont e- " quenees injurious to the U. S. wnl result from "t»uch removal. On the contrary they cannot but " hope that the representations they will be able to " make to their western brethren o: the frteuuiy dia- " position ot the people towards the natives under " their protection, and of the honor and good fait h, "always observed by the Government in us ticahngs " with us, will greatly tend to render their friend- ship permanent and their hdelity secure." It will be perceived that this memorial was made with due care to ascertain whether the government has a desire to promote their welfare, so tar as to provide them a seat in some western country, and whether the title to any lands wiiich might oe so ob- tained, would be acknowledged and respected.—* The following answer ot the honorable Mr. Craw- ford Secretary of War, shows the perfect cordiality with which their project was received. (Copy.) Brothers of the Six Nations, The memorial which you have sent to your great father the President, by your frieude, Gen. Porter and Mr. Granger, has been presented by them. In this memorial you make known to your great father your desire to remove from your present settUmentB in New-York, with a view to settle upon lands in the west . and wish to be informed whether the government will consent to it ; whether if you ob- tain a seat upon the lands of your western brethren your title will be acknowledged by the government, in the same manner »9 it now does those tronn whom you may receive it; and whether your remo- val will, in any manner, change the relations now subsisting between your several tribes and the gov- ernment ; whether existing treaties will still re- 9 m*in in force, and the annuities paid as heretofore, Brothers, Your Great Father the President having duly considered all your requests, and extremely desirous of siring to his children of the Six Nations a partic- ular mark of his friendship and attention to their interests, has directed me to inform the Sachems of the Six Nations that ALL their requests are granted- Your Great Father consents to your re- moval and settlement with your Brethren in the west, and declares that your removal shall, iti no manner change your friendly relations and existing treaties wi f h the government and that your annuities shall be pi as heretofore. He also agrees to ac- knowledge the titlo to such lands as you shall ob- tain by grant, or otherwise, from your western brethren in the same manner as he acknowledges the title of all friendly Indian Tribes. Brothers, — Your Great Father, ihe President, ta'v<«fi|\ has also directed me to advise you to 'define the lim- its of the sea's which you are about to obtain from your brethren in the west, and furnish the govern- ment with its metes and bounds so that in treaties to be held hereafter with other tribes* your lands may not be granted aioay by them. The Agent of the United States will be instructed to atrist you in defining, and if necessary, in making the lines of your new possessions. Brothers,— In granting all your requests, your Great Father the President, has not been unmindful of the friendship which you have uniformly manifes- ted to your white Brethren, and he confidently ex- pects that the same friendship will continue to di- rect all your actions. He calculates much upon the influence which your pacific and friendly intercourse with your red breth- ren in the west, will have upon their relations with the United Stares in avoiding all hostilities in future. Given unH^r my hand, and the seal of (L. S.) the War Office, this 12th of February, One thousand eighthundred and sixteen. (Signed) Wm. H, CRAWFORD. B 10 8« full an answer needs no comment; from this lime forward, the atiention of the Six Nations, was directed to this object, to them of all importance, A Delegation of ibe Six Nations attended a Trea- ty at Fort Meigs in 3817, with a view of obtain- ing lands in that neighborhood, but tailed of success wbich rather discouraged them for a time* - The subject was however revived again in 1819, when they received a visit from the Rev. Dr. Morse who encouraged them to the s>amt object by repre- senting the tavorabie light in which the subject had been viewed by Government, and promising his particular influence and assistance in then behalf, stating that there might be a country near Green Bay, west of lake Michigan, suited to their wants. The winter following Mr. Eleazer Williams was deputed to visit Washington, and held conierences with the President and Secretary of War on the ex- /iftfjfj pediency of^being sent by the Six Nations / to explore the country on the waters of Green Bay, * and Fox River, with a view to select some suitable ike* and it possible to make a Treaty with the Tribes owning the soil, li was then agreed by the *At this period the Delaware, Stockbridge and Munsee Tribeg owned lands on White River in iuci^na fe.'fitory, ceded them by the Miami Tribe, about a hundred years btfore. On a portion of these lands, tne Delaware^ bad some time previously located them- selves, and to tuis piace were the Stockbridge and Munsees direct- ing their attention. In 1818, a band of about forty in number, of the Stockbridge Tribe, were fitted oui to ^o on, and make a settlement in this Ter- ritory, and thus open the way tor the removal of the remainder of the Tribe. But ere they arrived at the place of their destination the Delaware Tribe alone, ceded to the United States Commissioners, at a Treaty held the same year at St. Mary's, (Ohm) all the lands which were owned jointly aud equally by the Delaware, Stockbridge, and Muasee Tnoes, as aforesaid. In 1819, the Stockbridge Tribe, made an application to govern- ment for redress in the case of these lauds, of which they had been 80 unjostly deprived. In 1820 they renewed their application : and in 1821, they, and the Munsee Tribe, agreed to relinquish their claims on Wnite River upon the express condition that Gov- ernment shouid, besides paying them the sum of $ -, assist -hem in procuring a country somewhere to the westward, and rat* fy and confirm the same to them and their posterity forever. President and Secretary of War that a party of tea persons should be furnished with necessary papers, articles &,c. to enable them to perform this tour. — The following copy of a letter to Mr. Williams ism corroboration. (Copy.) Department op War, 9th February 18^0. Sir, — T have received your letter of the 4th in- stflnt containing a statement of the assistance which the Six Nations would require to enable them to explore certain parts of the North Western Terri- tory and to make arrangements with the Indians residing there, for a portion of their country, to be inhabited by such of the Six Nations as may choose to emigrate thither; and agree to allow the sum of $300, a blanket for each of the ten persons who are to form the exploring party, twenty pounds of Ri- fle powder, and a proportionable quantity of lead, and a copv of Morse's Geography and of his Gaz- etteer : and an order will be given for the rations that may be necessary, to he furnished at the differ- ent militarv posts you may visit. The m«-»ney you will receive upon a warrant issa- ed at this Department. Jasper Parish, the Agent for the Six Nations, will be directed to furnish the blankets, and the Ordnance Department will be re- quested to order their Aient at Detroit, to furnish the powder and lead ; and you aro authorized to pur- chase the Geography and Gazetteer, the bill for which will he paid, t*pon being presented to this De- partment, certified by you. Governor Cis* and G >n. Macomb, at Detroit, will be instructed to afford every facility to yon and your pa t* on vour exploring tour, and to promote, a* fir a* in their nower, the object intended to be accomplished by it. A copv of the letter to Gov. Cass and Gee. Ma- comb is enclosed. lam vprv respectfully, Your most ob't servant, (Sijrned^) J. C. CALHOUN. Mr. Eleazeb Williams. / 12 The following to .his Excellency Governor Cass, and Gen. Macomb, is a copy of the instructions, mentioned in the foregoing. Department of War, 9th iebruary, 1820. Sir.— Eleazer Williams, with others of ihe Six, JSations, forming a party of ten individuals, intend to make an exploring tour in the course of the ensu- ing spring and summer, through certain parts of the North Western Territory, with the view of making arrangements with the Indians residing there,, for a portion of their country, to be hereafter inhabited by such of the Six Nations a^ may choose to emi- grate thither : the purpose for which the tour of Mr. Williams and his party is undertaken has the* approbation of the President, and I haye to request you will afford them every facility in travelling through the Indian country, and promote, as far aa in your power, by your influence nith the Indians,, the object intended to be accomplished by their journey. I have the honor to be, Yourob't servant, (Signed) J. C. CALHOUN. His Excellency Lewis Cass, Gen. Alex. M'Comb. In pursuance of these arrangements the party set out in the spring of 1820 and proceeded as tar as Detroit, where they were informed that Col. Bow) er, the U. S. Agent at Green Bay, had just concluded a Treaty with the Menominies for the very country they had in view. They accordingly returned and laid the cause of the failure of their visit before the Hon. the Secretary of War, praying that Bowyer's Treaty might not be confirmed, and were soon informed, that their wishes in relation to it, had been complied with, and that they were once more at liberty to proceed and attempt a Treaty with their Brethren. The Deputation proceeded again on the same business in the spring of 1821, and the Stockbridge and Muns«o Lake Tne ii a copy of the Treaty, approved by the President. ARTICLES or A TREVTY, Made, be Territory of Michi- veei Pa Tafanongo'ha, > jona Skeoaudo, dgo, alias Cornelius Beard, Sg&n- •watVj aiias Thomas Christian, of tne Oaeida nation. Yauweu- i- i limited qaantityof lands possessed by the/n, aad the diili- cuit'- trefore experienced in gaining a livelihood, "i ne VYia- aeuagoeS expressed a great deal of sorrow at this answer, and pro- posed to g»ve ired of the Cast, tne landson the Fox Riv- er, from the :e, a distance of bar and a half mta Perceiving that the Menominies were as- tonished at this reply, it was thought advisable to adjourn the . with a view to give them time tor reflection. Uo tft^ fol- ic Dc^utie^ u^ain, and naving staieu tnat Vf .nnebagoes in a bessioo of the lands trom the - Grand Kakalin, to the Rapids of the Wicoebage Lake. immediately me Articles of the Treaty were proposed, ad, the filenominies mt person without the Jwu^e, in conse^ queo s left the room, and a whispering commenced among those who remained. We perceived at o--c^ the cause oi the coi. and began seriously to fear the influence of the Fren I d tkemsc , i , i to our our arrival. Ar'ter sou. -is who hid left us returned, and it was dit- It to procure a decisive answer to our question, u whether tney would sign a grant/' the terms of which sea proposed by tkem alone ; after a good deal of hesitation between i OWfl INCLINATION an f their ADVISERS, thay told us r saker had not - teir true sentiments, but that their first determination on our proposition was unchanged and reable. All hopes of ejecting a purchase of tn^ .vi-nomi- nies were now at an end ; for we felt sensible, as well from exueri- ence as from information, that tney were guided in EVERY THIN FRENCH- MEN ... ratve ever opposed with zeal the progress of sottlei ad improvement in their countrv. U tie to make another attempt, and the council whs declared adjourned until the morning of the atb, at whie i€ rVinneha^oes were requested to at^ ml which they had nrst proposed: the Me* noanniea were told tnat if thev she u the eased to see them also, la the evening the at their enc impment, and in the mern- ing they ail assembled, and signed the Treaty, of which I hive ths honor to enclose you a copy ! 16 lanawen, atlas Abram C. Lafort of the Oneida nation ; Dagnoyotck alias Jacob Jameson, Hanawongwas, alias George Jameson, of the Seneca nation ; Deputies, authorized and empowered to repre- sent an association of the Su Nations, or Tribes of Indians of the State of New- York ; Eleazer Williams, alias Onwarenkaaki, a dep- uty authorized, and empowered, to represent the St. Regis Indians of the state of New-York ; Unhaunowwaun-nut, alias Solomon U. Hendrick, Wuhsaunuh, alias Jacob Konkapot, Wenowwommaug alias Abner W. Hendrick, Chicksaukon, alias Jacob Chicks, Naukawate, alias Robert Konkspot, Deputies authorized, and em- powered to represent the Stockhridge Nation or Tribe o! Indians of the State of New- York ; Rufus Iwrkey, alias Hatkosakont, a Deputy authorized and empowered to represent the Munsee Na- tion, or Tribe of Indians; and the Chiefs, and Head men of the Menominie and Winnebago Nations of Indians, residing in the vi- cinity of Green Bay aforesaid, this eighteenth day of August, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty one. Article 1st. The Menominie and Winnebago Nations of In- dians, in consideration of the stipulations uerein made ou t.ia part of the Six Nations, and the St. Regis Stockhridge, and Munsee Na- tions, do hereby CEDE, RELEASE, and QUIT CLAIM, to the people of the said Six Nations, and the said St. Ragis, Stockbridge and Munsee Nations forevar, ail the right, title, interest and claim of them, the Menominie and Winnebago Nations of Indians, to tne lands comprehended within, and described by the following boun- daries, viz : Beginning at the foot of the rapids on the Fox Riv- er, usually called the Grand Kaccalin ; thence* up said River to the rapids at the Winnebago Lake ; and from the River extending back, in this width, on each side to the North West and to the South East equidistant with the lands claimed by the said Menooa- inie and vVinnebago Nacioas of Indians. Article 2d. The Six Nations, and the St. Regis, Stockbridge and Munsee Nations of Indians, do promise anJ agree to, and with the Menominie and Winnebago Nations of Indians, that they, the Menominies, and Winnebagoes, shall reserve to themselves the right of occupying a necessary proportion of the lands hereby ce- ded for the purposes of hunting, and also the right of ashing, pro- vided nevertheless, that they, the Menominies, and Wmnebagoes in such use, and occupation, shall commit no waste, or depredation on such lands as may be under improvement by either of the said Six Nations, St. Regis, Stockbridge or Munsee Nations. Article 3d. In consideration of the cession aforesaid, the Six Nations, and the St. Regis, Stockbridge and Munsee Nationsafore- said, Do agree to pay to the Menominie and Winnebago Nations aforesaid, within one year from this date, the sum of fifteen hun- dred dollars in Goods ; and they have also paid to the said Winne- bago and Menominie Nations this day the sum of Five Hvindrad dollars, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged by said Meno- minie and Winnebago Nations In Testimony whereof the said Deputies and the said Chiefs H and Head Men have hereunto get their hands and seals at the place and on the day and year above written. Winnebago Chiefs. In presence of Serachow >4 or the Smoker N. Pinckney, Col. Sd Reg. Skonkapow >< or Dogshead lnft. Ochopkaw X Four Legs Wm. Whistler, Capt. 3d Reg. .Karamanee X or the Elk lnft. Hompomone* k X or Day Walker J. Garland, Capt. Shonkahonksup ^ or Black Wolf S. Cowan, Lt. Cheaukoo X Crooked Tail M. Irwin, U. S. Factor Chausepk X Black Deer Jno. Johnson, U. S. Factor Kauhawk & the Dove Lewis Rouse J. b. C. Russell, Lieut. U. S. v Menominie Chiefs. Army Eskenanin X or the Young Man Chs. C Trowbridge, Agent Osakataw >< or Pine Shooter, in the for the Deputation. place of Tomas, son of J osette WeekeuS X The Spaniard Kishcunacum Muckometa K or BearVfoot Deputies. Tahyentaneken X alias John Antony Tahnonsongotha X John Skeuando Onongwatgo X alias Cornelius Beard Sganawaty X Thomas Christian YawenlanawenX Abram Gi Lafort Dagayoht alias Jacob Jameson Hanawongwas X alias George Jameson Eleazer Williams alias Onwareukaaki Solomon U. Heudrick alias Uhbaunowwaanrhui Jacob Kunkapot alias Wuhsaunuh Abner W. Hendrick X alias WenoWwommaug Jacob Chicks X alias Cheeksaucon Naukauwaut X alias Robert Konkapot Rufus Turkey ^ alias Katkosekort President's Approval. The within arrangement entered into between the Six Nations,, the St. Rearis, Stockbridge and Munsee Nations of the one part ; and the Menorainies and Winnebagoes of the other, is approved ; with the express understanding, that, the lands thereby conveyed to the Six Nations, the St. Regis, Stockbridge and Munsee Nations are to be held by them, in the same manner, as they were previous- ly held, by the Menominies and Winnebagoes. (Signed) JAMES MONROE. February 9th, 1822. fleceipt. Received Green Bay, September l6th, one thousand, eight hun- dred and twenty two, of the Stockbridge deputies, nine hundred dollars, of the Oneida deputies, four hundred dollars, and of the 18 T- ttPrtrirofa depnty, two hundred dollars ; all in goodi, ngreeabfe U the stipulations of the third article of the within Treaty. In pre Fence of Winnebago Chiefs. 3. Sergeant, Jr. Serachow X or the Smoker, Henry Ci.uk, Karamanee X or the Elk, H. BrowmngyOapt. Sdlnft. Skonkapaw >< or Dosshead, B.Watson, Maj. U.-S. Ar- Ocbopkaw X or /bur Legs, my, Shonkshonksup X or Black Wolf, Richard Printup. Aupommone X or the Brave. tfenominie Chiefs. Ohgun tfe -n X or the Gieat Wav^ 1 he Spaaia/d X . Auske'av* ^ pr Pine Shooter, 1 h '.' , A-p om me X or Scan* all, TnauwoL mui X or Yellow Dog. This Treaty was thought however by many to embrace tuo small a Tract tor the whole of the Six Nations. Stockbridjies Munsees &<*., and it was determined to ask permission to revisit Green Bay, for the purpose of endeavoring to procure an extension of the cession. As the Treaty made by virtue of the permission so obtained, is the one which has given such offence to our enemies particularly the French inhabiihnts, and which is infringed upon by the Commissioner's Treaty at Butte des morts of 1827; we wish to be particular in showing that it was duly authorized by the Government ;— and we ere fortunate in having the necessarv vouchers at hand. The following extract from a copy of a let- ter of the Secretary of War to Solomon U. Hen- drick contains the desired permission* Extract of a letter from the Secrttary o f War, to ^olornon V. Hendrick, l/epvty from the btoclbridge Nation, dated 13th February 1S22. I have received your communications of the 5th inst. and return herewith the original Treaty conclu- ded at Green Bay, between the Deputies from the Stockbridge and other Tribes of the Six Nations, end the Monoroinies, and Winnebagoes endorsed by the President approved, I regret that any por- tion of *he Six Nations is dissatisfied with the Treaty, but as one of the causes of dissatisfaction appears to be the distance of the country ceded thereby from Green Bay, and may be obviated by procuring an extension of the cession as proposed, the permission which is solicited for another depu- tation from the Stockbridge and other Tribes of the Six Nations, to visit the country again for that purpose is granted The country the Six Nations have, or may ac- quire from the iVfenominiea and Winnebagoes will be held by them in the same manner as it was by the Indians who previously owned i/. The Deputies that may he appointed to make the arrangement (not exceeding; six in number) will be provided with letters similar to those given to them last year, and orders will be given for them to be furnished with one ration each, while on their journey and enga- ged in effecting the object of their visit. * * * Governor Cass has been instructed to give th© Indians who mav emigrate from the Stockbridg* and other Tribes of the Six Nations, every facli- ty in h's power in fixiig themse'ves upon the lands they have acquired of the Menominies and Wmneba- goes. (Copy.) General Circular to Indian Agents, and Officers of (lovernment in the Michigan Territory. The Reverend Eleazer Williams, who bears this, and his companions, forming a party of seven, visit the Michigan Territory, as Delegates from the Stoekbridge Tribe, and from the Oneida, and oth- er Tribes of the. Six Nations of Indians, residing ira the state of New- York, for the purpose of obtain- ing from the Menominie^ and Winnebagoes, in th© neighborhood of Gre^n Bay, an extension of the cession of Ian *. which was made by the latter to the former Tribes in a Treaty coacltided between them the 18th 4ugn>»t 1821 ; which has received the sar,ci\n of the President' of the Unit d Sites* The object of their visit is approved: and they are herehv recommence 1 to the attention and kindness of all officers of s will be handed to you by the Rev E~ tazer Williams who heads a Deputation horn the Stockbridge Tribe, and the Oneida and other Tribes of the Six Nations. The Deputation vis- its the Michigan Territory again for the purpose of obtaining from the Menominies and Winnebagocs, in the neighborhood of Green Bav, an extension of the cession of lands made by the latter to the form- er Tribes, in the Treaty concluded between thc-m ©n the 8th Aug. 1821. The Deputation will ex- plain to you their wish, and the enclosed extracts of letters to S. U. Hendrick,* will indicate the. views of the Department upon subjects connected with their visit, which you will carry into effect I have the honor to be Your ob't servant, (Signed) J. C. CALHOUNo, The following extracts of Instructions from His Excellency, Lewis Cass, to Mr. John Seargeants it, to our purpose. (Copy) Sir, — The Secretary of War, has authorized the Six Nations from the state of New York, to pro- cure from the Menominies an extension of the ces- sion which was made last year, upon the Fox Riv- er, and approved by the President of the United States. The Delegation from the New-York Indians, will accompany you to Green Bay, for the purpose, and as the Indian Agent is not there, you are authorized to superintend the negoeiation on the part of the United States. The object in procuring this cession, is not only to provide a Tract of country sufficient for the res- idence of these Indians, but also to exclude from it, and from its vicinity any white settlements. - — See letter t$ S. U. Hendrick, page 13. 21 The advance, which these Indians have made in im- provement, their education, habits and associations, and the annuities which are due to them, secure their friendship and fidelily to the United States. — And they will thus act as an important advanced post, in an exposed quarter, where they will be sur- rounded by doubtful or disaffected Indians. It is important therefore, that their situation should be as pleasant to themselves as possible. — And there is probably no consideration connected with the sub- ject more important to them, than the. CERTAIN TENURE of their lands, and the power of preven- ting the introduction of that bane of Indian im- provement ARDENT SPIRITS. To ensure these objects, thev are rinsirous of extending the cession a* far down the Fox River as possible. ¥(uwi ? l ahi them hi th\s effort, and dipfmctly state to the Ms Venn vies, and the French inhabitants, that it has the sanction of the Government of the Uni- ted States. How far the Menominies' title ex- tends in this direction, I am notable to determine. This fact can be better ascertained upon the spot. Of the particular course of the Negociation, I can say nothing. It must be discretionary of the par- ties, and with you. What is done, must be redu- ced to the form of Treaty, and one of the originals transmitted to me, to be forwarded to the Govern- ment. I am respectfully, Your obedient servant, (Signed) LEWIS CASS. Mr. John Seargent, Jr. The Deputation of the Six Nations, Stock- bridore, and other Tribes, proceeded according to their permission fi-om the Secretary of War, to Green Bay, with the view to obtain the proposed extension of their purchase of 1821. How far they succeeded appears by the following copy of the Treaty, there concluded between them and the Me- nominies. ARTICLES OF A TREATY, Made, and concluded at Green Bay, in the Territory of Michi- gan, between Uhhaunowwraunmut, alias Solomon U. Hendrick 22 \V;aunnaeon, alias. Jjohn W, Quinney, Wenowwnmmaug, alias %b- V,vi. W"- tfen.dr;cjk^ aq,d ■ JSvwoiutVMnmLig, alias Samson, De cities authorized and empowered *o represent the .vluhheconri 1 1 or Stockbrid-^e Nation or Tribe of Indians of ths State of J«iv York ; Keniegowa, ali ts Joh; m\$ Mer.om*«iB« shall have the free permission Rnd orivi!o^ P r>f occupvii d residing upon the lands herein ceded in common with them the Stockbridge, Oneida, Tui- 23 Varora, St. Rfgis and Munsee Nations; provided nevertheless that they the Menominie Nation, shall not in any manner infringe upon any sett lements or improvements whatever which may be in eny manner ma< e 6aid Stockbriti^e, Oneida, r l uscarora, St. Regis or Munsee Nations. Article III. The Stockbridge, Oneida, Tuscarora, St. Regis and Munsee Nations, do further promise, and agree to, and witn the said Menominies, that according to their r» q.^st. all the French and other inhabitants who have just and lawful claims to, and are now settled and living upon any lands herein ct-dt-d, shall remain unmolested by them, the said StO( kbndges, Oneidas, I uscaroras, St. Regis, or Munseee. It is also expressly understood by the Sfockbiidge, Oneida, Fuscarora, St. Regis, and Muusee Nations, tha* the Menominies do not herein cede to them the Stockbridge, Ofaeida> Tuscarora, St. Regis, and Munsee Nations, any lands in the vicinity of Fort Howard, or near the mouth of Fox River, the title of which may have been heretofore extinguished by the A- mericah Government. Article IV. In consideration of the cession herein made by the Menominies', the Stockbridge, and Munsee Nations of Indians aforesaid, have, by the hands of their Deputies, paid to the Chiefs and Head Men of the Menominie Nation, this day, the sum ol one thousand dollars in goods, in full of all demands in this Treaty on their part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged by the Me- nominie Nation. And the Oneida, Tuscarora, and St. Regis Na- tions of Indians, do promise and agree to, and with the Menom- inie Nation, to pay to them, the Menominies, the sum of one thou- sand dollars in one year from the date hereof, and also one thousand dollars in two years from the daf* hereof — the whole to be paid in goods ; the which respective sums are to he a full and complete recompense and compensation tor the landi hereby ceded, released and quit claimed to the Stockbridge, Oneida, Tuscarora, St. Regis and Munsee Nations. In Testimony whereof the said Deputies and the said Chiefs and Head Men have hereunto set their hands and seals at the place and on the day and year above written. Witness, John Sergeant, Jr. Agent on the part of the Govern- ment of the United States. Signed, sealed, Menominie Chiefs. and delivered in OhgummonnekunX or Great Wave, presence of The Spaniard X N. Pinckney, Col. Pohmonikoht >< 3dReg. Inft. Saghkittoht X the Pheasant, jf^MNT Ce.pt. 3d WyhnisaughtX Yellow Dog, Inf'y. Pyaughkeenagh X the Tower, B. Babren, Maj. Wyghtchunequagh X the Rubber, U. S. Army. Wypuhkaocbywen X End of the Rapids, J. Nelson, Capt. Chishawinohmitch X South Bag, U. S. army. They kaughong X Scare-all. Thomas C. Legate Deputies. Capt. U. S. art'y Uhhaunowwaunmut, alias Solomon U.Hendriek 24 Henry H. Loring, Waunnaucon, alias John W. Quinnev, Lieut. Wenowwommaug, alias Abner VV. Hendricir, Benj. Walker, Lt. Owwohthommaug, alias Sampson, U. S. a»rny. Waulauquekoh, »*! alias Last Night, S. Cowan, Lt. Inft. Keniakowa, X alias John August, Geo. Wright, U. Tegarihontia, >* alias Neddy A tsiguet, S. army. Sagowisha. X ali as Jonathan Priotup, Eleazer Williams. President's Approval. The foregoing instrument is approved so far as it conveys to the Stockbridge, Oneida, Tuseaiora, St. Regis and Muusee Tribes} or nations of Indians, that portion of tne country therein described, which lies between Sturgeon Bay, Green Buy, b ox Kiver, tnat part of the former purchase made by said Tribes, or Nations of Indians of the Menominie and Wmnebagoe Indians on the btn August 1821, which lies south of Vox River, and a tine arawn from the south western extremity of said purchase to the head of Sturgeon Bay, and no further ; taat quantity bem^ deemed suffi- cient for the use of the first before mentioned Tribes, and Nations of Indians. It is to be understood however, that the lauds to tne ces- sion of which to the tribes or nations aforesaid the government has assented, are to be held by them, in tiiesame manner, as tney were held by the Menominies previous to concluding, and signing the a- foregoing instrument ; and that the title which they have acquired is not to interfere in any manner whatever, with the lands previous- ly acquired or occupied by the Government of tne United States, or its citizens. Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, this 13th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1823. (Signed) JAMES MONROE. Receipt., Received Green Bay, September 18th, one thousand eight hun- dred and twenty four, the sum of nine hundred and rif*y dollars in goods, in part payment of the amount herein stipulated, to be paid to the Menominie Tribe, or Nation of Indians by the Oneida, Tuscaroia and St. Regis Tribes or Nations, of William Dick, George Sampson, Paul Dick, George Scipio, Daniel Dick and David Toucee, Deputies appointed and authorized by the Brother- town Tribe or notion of Indians, residing in the county of Oneida aud State of New- York, who, were requested by the said Oneida, Tuscarora, St. Regis, Stockbridge and Munsee Tribes, or Nations of Indians, herein mentioned^ to make the said payment, and are to have in consideration thereof a partot the land ceded to the said In- dians by the Treaty of which this is a copy to which we cordially a- gree, We say received by us, in behait ot the Menominie |p0fcpt Tribe or Nation of Indians above mentioned. In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands the day, and year, above written. In presence of Bohequauy ^ Richard Prickett X U. S. Nauskewawk, >< or Black Hair, Interpreter, Shaukeethkaumewaut, ^ Joseph Jourdan, Naumaushet, ft 25 U. S. Blacksmith for the Kesies, alias the Sun, pi Indian Department. Raptast, alias Rabbet, X James Prickett, Gemagigitto, or the Chief that 1 nomas Dean, Agent for speaks, X the Brothertown Indr- Wainesott, or the Good Beaver, X an*. Kouonanakan, or the Big Wave, fxj Wachineacohoh,or the Rubber. ^ By the approbation on the back, it will be seen that it was but partially confirmed ; this was owing to the representations of disaffected French and others at Green Bay ; of whose influence Mr. Trowbridge* speaks in his report on the Treaty of 1821, to his Excellency Gov. Cass.f The Chiefs of the Six Nations were not wholly satisfied with this partial ratification, but on being informed that they would be permitted to occupy any part ceded by the Treaty, concluded to let it rest, having received every assurance from Govern- ment that their newly acquired possessions, at least such parts as bad received the sanction of the Pres- ident, were theirs. The following extract of a letter from the Secretary of War, in answer to a petition of the Six Nations, praying that the whole of the Treaty of 1822 might be ratified, is here sub- mitted. To the Chiefs and Head Men of the Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscan* ra % Oneida and Stockbridge Tribes or Nations , of Indians re- siding in New Fork. Brothers, I have received your Memorial in a letter from your friend Mr. Ellis, representing that you have received information that your Green Bay Treaty, held last season with your brethren the Menomi- * See page, 14. f Mt. John Sargeant, the Commissioner on the part of the U. S. also alludes to the same interference in his Report on our Treaty of 1822. " The Menominies, withouta dissenting voice agreed to the proposal* of the New York Indians/' * * * "I haVe been credibly informed that some of the French people at this plaee have taken much pains to create a party among the Mencminies to frus- trate the designs of Government, and the New York Indians, in the aforesaid purchase, and have been entirely unsuccessful in their at- tempts, and I have the pleasure further to state that the Menomin- ies appear to be much pleased with the bargain, and their new neighbors." * D '20 tftfcs, hss been but partially confirmed by your great Tattier the President. Brothers, In answer to your Memorial I have to say, thai you had the free consent of your father the Presi- dent, to hold the Treaty which you have concluded with the Menotninit-s, and he has not now the least objection to the arrangement which has been enter- ed into between you and the Menotninies in its ful- lest extent* * * * * lour great father the President, wishes you distinctly to un- derstand that he does nor. mean by the pcrtiai sane- tun whiih he has or may gwe to the auangfcn.ent between you and the Mcnou-mies, to interfere with or m any manner invalidate your title to all the lards which you have thereby acquired including thone not confirmed, as well as those confirmed by ths Government. On the contrary he considers your title to every part of the country conveyed to you by the Menominies as equally valid against them, and he has no objections to \our occupying and u sing the same, as if the whole had been confirmed by the Government. Brothers, I take this occasion to repeat to you the assuran- ces, that all who mav choose to change their resi- dence, will continue to receive the same protection and friendship from the Government as they did whilst they resided in New York, and that their re- moval will in no wise change the relation in which they previously stood to the Government. Given under my hand and the seal of the Waf (L. S.) Office, this 27th dav of October, 1823. (Signed) J. C. CALHOUN. From the foregoing documents, it must appear to every candid person, that We, the Six Nations, Stockhridgeand others, had fairly find honorably acquired, a title to our lands, specified in the Trea- ties, at least so fur as ratified by the President : — and that the government was pledged in the most unqualified manner, to sustain us in our new posses- rt siona. The many p**o nisei and engagements of the Government, only a part of which are here ad- duced ; we believe to l inve been duly au'horized, and that the good faith of the N ttion was most sin- cerely and solemnly pledged to us. It is true, that some of our fiends su;r;rp3ted the propriety of bringing 1 these Treaties bafore the Senate of the U. S. for its concurrence, but the following extract of a letter from the Secretary of War, to Solomon U. Hendrick, "Dated, Department of War 22nd Nov* 1821," deterred us from so doin th>se Treaties only to which the United Sta f es are a party, require the addition of the 9AVC HON of the SENATE." We therefore know of no further assurance or translation necessary, either on the part of the Gov- ernment, or our Brethren at Green Bay, to maka our titl^ to those Ian is valid; to have it acknowl- edged to hi in us, " the same as the Government acknowledges the title of all friendly Indian Tribes.'* \i1 wa thoirht abundant care had bean taken " to furnish the Government with its metes and bounds, so that in Treaties it should bold thereafter with other Tribes, our lands might not be graitet a*av bv the n :"* especially as the A- gents, appointed to s inerin^en I the negociation on the part of the U*. S£, were instructed to assist in defiling and making the lines of our new posses? sion*. What we now complain of, as most unheard af injustice is, that an attempt has been made to de- pr»«'3 us of a gre^t portion of these very lands with- out ■ co'i3ii! f in-», or even inviting us to the Treaty, — we refer to the Treaty of A u gust 1827. It is with reluctaneo we refer tothii Treaty, but we feel coa- 28 •trained to notice some of the proceeding:® during its progress. The following extracts are from the, minutes taken down at the time by a gentleman, who, attended this Treaty. " After the Treaty was^ opened, and Governor L Cass had presented three, Qr four subjects to occupy the attention of the coun- cil, he (the Gov ) said," " we have observed for some "time, the Menominies to be in a bad situation as, " to their Chiefs. There is no one, that we can talk "to, as head of the Nation. — If any thing should " happen, we want some man who has authority in "the nation, to whom we can look. You appear to " us like a flock of geese without a reader, some fly "one way, and some another. To-morrow at the " opening of the council, we shall appoint a prinei- " pal Chief of the Menominies ; we shall make enquiry this afternoon, and try to select the prop- er man. We shall- give him the medal, and shall expect the Menominies will respect him. ,, (Adj.) "August 7th. Two young men were called in, front of the Commissioners, (one was called Ois coss alias Claw, the other was called Carron) " Col. T. L. McKenny, made them a speech on the subject of the important station they were chosen to fill, and advising them as to their future conduct. He told them they were in future Americans."* — He put the medals round their necks, &o. &c— The younger of the two (called Ois coss, or the Claw., was constituted first or Head Chief :"f this was to be the man that was to be the future or* gaa of communication between the Menominies- and the Commissioners. The Treaty was then made in some private con- ferences, by which the Menorninie Nation ceded to, the U. S. all that tract or parcel of land commencing sear Grassy point, at the Heac| of Green Bay, and * These two men were said to.be tinder the influence of, and strongly attached to the British. tie it customary for the Commissioners, of the Government, to appoint new Chiefs, in a Nation of Indians with whom they are go- ing to hold a Treaty, and then make a Treaty with the newly crea-. i«4 Chiefs ? 29 **tendiTior six miles wide, on each side of Pox Ri?er> and up the same to the upper part of the Grand Kaccajin, a distance of about 26 miles ; which will include the settlement of the Oneida Indians, on the west side of Fox River, and a part of the settlement pf the Sfockbridge Indians, this being on the east side of the River, also including the location of the Brothertown Indians.* We appeal to reason, equi- * \hhough our brethren the Brothertown Indians, were not in- cluded in the original Treaties made by us, the several tribes of N. York Indians, with the Winnebago and Menominie Indians ; yet, by an agreement of ours, the said several tribe? of N. York Indians, with the Brothertown Indians, they, the Brothertown Indians have become vpry deeply interested in the purchases, and the 6ure tenure of these lands, as the following articles of the said agree ment will show. (Copy.) Articles of an Agreement or Treaty made between the Muh- heoonnuk or Stockbrid-je Tribe or Nation, and the St. Recris Tribe or Narion, and the first Christian party of the Oneida Tribe or Nation, and the Tuscarora Tribe or Nation, and the Munsee Tribe or Nation of Indians, all residing in the State of New York, of the first part ; and William Dick, George Sampson, Paul Dick, George Scipio, Daniel Dick, and David Towcev, Deputies appointed and authorized by the Brothertown Tribe er Nation of Indians, residing in Brothertown, in the county of Oneida and state aforesaid, of the other part, AVitnesseth : — Article 1st. That the parties of the first part for and in con- sideration of the payment of nine hundred and fifty dollars paid to the Menominie Tribe or Nation of Indians, residing at Green Bay and on the Fox River, in the Territory of Michigan, by the said William Dick, George Sampson, Paul Dick, George Scipio, Daniel Dick and David Toweey, deputies appointed as aforesaid, the which payment is hereby confessed and acknowledged by the par- ties of the first part, said nine hundred and fifty dollars being in part payment of the amount of purchase money, due from the said Oneida, St. Regis and Tuscarora Tribes or Nations of Indians before mentioned, to the Menominie Tribe or Nation aforesaid, for lands sold bv the said Menominie Tribe or Nation, to the said Stock- bridge, first Christian party of the Oneida, the St. Regis, Tuscarora and Munsee Tribes, lying in the vicinity of Green Bay and the Fox River, in the Territory of Michigan, agreeable to the convey- ance, stipulation, covenant and agreement made in a treaty entered into by the said Stockbridge, Oneida, Tuscarora, St. Regis and Munsee Tribes or Nations, br their deputies authorized for that purpose, and the Chiefs and Head Men of the Menominie Tribe or Nation before mentioned. Dated the twenty-third day of Sep- tember, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty two. so ty mdhmttnily ; to thi mn r nani7Pity of the (reap %&f4coq> people, ifi w3 muy i.oi in justice complain pf these proceeding* We now therefore prav the Chief Council of the Nation, to listen patiently to onr petition, to consid- er the solemn promises that- have hren so repeated- ly made to us :— the great expense which hoth the Government and we have been at, to accomplish the object of concentrating our scattered Tribes, thus far ;— we hope it will not he forgotten* that we were induced to rn.ke choice of this country by govern- ment in order that its benevolent views towards us Article 2nd. That in consideration of the payment above, mentioned, the IMuhheeonnuk or Storkhjidse, the Oneida, the St. Rco-is, the Tuscarora and fh*» Munsee tribe? or nations aforesaid, do cede, convey, and forever quit-claim unto the Brothertown Indians aforesaid, in the most full and absolute manner, all their right, title, interest and claim, in and to that certain piece or parcel of land, situate and lying on Fox River, in t*»e Territory of Michi> gran, and bounded as follows : Beginning on the south-east side of Fox River aforesaid, two miles down the River below a Maple tree and an Elm tree, both marked, near the mouth of a small stream or brook running into the said River at the uppper part of a srmill bay or cove above the foot of the Grand Kockalin or rapids in said River, and running from said plare of beginning a Boufh-east course thirty miles, thence North-east eight miles, thence North-west thir- ty miles to the Fox River aforesaid, thence up the said River to the place of beginning. TO H WE and to HOLD the above descri- bed piece or parcel cf land to, the. said Brothertown Indians and their posterity forever. Article 3d. The said Muhheconnuk or Stoekoridge, the Onei? da, St. Regis, Tusearora and Munsee Tribes, or Nations afore^ said for the consideration above gytntinned, do further cede, cen- yey, and quit claim to the said Bmthertowi Indians, and thei/ pos- terity forever, an equal undivided nnrt o^* all the country ceded to them, the sad iVTuhheconnuk or StockJ>rid".e, Oneida, St. Regis, Tuscarora and Munsee Tribes or Nations, bv the sa'd Menominie Tribe or Nation, agreeable to the above mentioned Treaty, of the twenty-third of Seotember eighteen hundred and twenty-two. r They the said Stockbrid'Tp, Oneida, St Regis, Tuscarora Tribes or Nations reserving: to «acb Tribe fn? themselves respec*ively a tract of land, as large as the eop herein ceded to the Brothertown Indians, as described in the second article of this Indenture, in any part of the country before mentioned except that c d"d and descri?. bed to the Brothertown Indiana, « a above mentioned. In testimony w'^'-D r ihesaidl>e utles, Chiefs and Head men of the aforesaid Tubes or Nations of Indians, lave hereunto set their hands and s*ais at New §tockbridg», this eighth day of Jan- 31 by way of instruction in religion, arts, &e. might, more effectually reach us, and that our Great Fa- ther the President thought in 1822, " that it would be better Jvr the respective Tribes of the Six Na- tions, SCc. to dispose of their land, in the state of Rew-York, and to remove to the land which had been ceded to them by the M enomiuits and H inmbagoes, because the^ could then uury in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twen- ty-five. Signed, sealed, & deliV- Oneida Chiefs. ered in presence of Daniel Breadj Joseph Sttbbins, 7 g Paul X Powlrg, Sam'l L. Hu'»har< Jacob X John Beach, X 32 concentrate their now scattered population, and being removed to a distance from the white settlements, they would be more S v CUIIE AGAINST THE EFFECTS OF VIOLENCE AND INJUSTICE, and the efforts of the Government to improve their condition, would be rendered less difficult and expensive ;"* ail of which must fail of its intended effect, if we be com- pelled to remove We pray them to consider how often we have been chased from our possessions up- on professions of friendship, and how effectually the confidence of their faithful friends the Indians ia the Nation's promises, must be destroyed, if this measure be not arrested. — We pray not only to have this Treaty set aside, but to have a law passed, set- ting off the lands granted and ratified to us in our treaties with the Menominies and Wiunebagoes, for our and their benefit forever — and so establish ed to the various tribes interested in them, that it may not be lawful for the United States or any oth- er authority to purchase them from us while Indiana are Indians. Then shall we feel assured that the professions of Government were made in sober ear- nest ; that in all this business of several years, it ha* not been mocking us with illusions to beguile us of our scanty possessions in New York, but has, like an affectionate parent, sought the best ^ood of its dutiful children. Then shall we see a rational con- sistency in its expending large sums annually for the civilization of Indians, which is only sporting with their misery, if they are every few years to be driv- en back to the savage wilds. We leave our cause, to us of the most vital importance, in the hands of wisdom, and integrity ; believing that abundance of both are to be found in the Chief Council of the American Nation, asking only for that clemency and justice which a fair representation of our claims must demand. * Extractor a letter from J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War to Six Nations, loth April, 1822. I Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: March 2010 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN COLLECTIONS PRESERVATION 1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 1 6066 (724)779-2111 ' ' '"•• ■'■ • IHWn r ' ••• mH w w * T i iWi i j i itiMW WtJ l '» j*ji ffl tf » ¥ * 0L 33! mfflfflfff ■:i; ;■"'■•* t'r j ' ,; """ r "'■ I" ' ' ' IK'> : ' '«« •■,( {..i LIBRARY OF 020 647 022 7