I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. I #«.li!il!- > (ifflmrigM Ko. ^^«.< ^14 I I UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. * Cfifl^fi^i^^cM.fit A- Everybody Should Have Dr. Chase's Recipe Book as Improved by the Publisher. EVERY HOUSEKEEPER NEEDS IT, To know how to wash, to cook, to preserve, to brew, to ke^p the house clean and sweet, to know how to color in modern stj^le and newest colors, to understand household management and economy, and lor its practical '* Hints on Housekeeping." EVERY MOTHER NEEDS IT, ,^ To understand and provide for the care, dress, management, and bringing up of children; to understand and cure the diseases peculiar to cuildliood; and for tlie "Advice to Mothers," which should make the Recipk Book a welcome friend to every mother and family in the land. EVERY WOMAN NEEDS IT, For its plain and practical treatment and cure of all female complaints and irregularities; to know how to care for the sick; and for its '-Manage- ment of the Sick Room," and advice to them especially. EVERY MAN NEEDS IT, To know how to act promptly in all kinds of ••Accidents and Emergen- cies," and for its 2,000 invaluable Recipes in its various Departments, upon almost every subject. EVERY YOUNG LADY NEEDS IT, For its *' Hints upon Etiquette;" to know to dress becomingly; to know how to beautify the person and complexion ; to know how to soften and whiten the skin and hands ; to know how to promote the growth and beauty of the hair; to know how to remove superfluous hair, or make it curl; to know how to remove freckles, pimples, and blotches; to know how to remove sun- burn and tan ; to know how to make perfumes, pomade, tooth-wash, hair oils, EVERY YOUNG MAN NEEDS IT, For its "Hints upon Personal Manners;" for its " Rules for the Preserva- tion of Health ;" for its advice and counsels upon habits, business, etc. EVERY SICK PERSON NEEDS IT, To know how to regain their health, and for its priceless recipes and cures for almost ail kinds of sickness and disease. EVERY WELL PERSON NEEDS IT, To know how to preserve their health, and for its rules for the prevention of sickness and promotion of health. EVERY FARMER NEEDS IT, For Its complete Farrier Department, which has no superior; to know how to manage Bees, and for hundreds of recipes especially iu his line, which he will have almost daily occasion to use or refer to. EVERY MECHANIC NEEDS IT, As blacksmiths, tinners, gunsmiths, jewelers, cabinet makers, tanners, painters, barbers, shoe and harness makers, for its recipes and advice in these various branches of industry. THE YOUNG FOLKS AND CHILDREN NEED IT, For its " Counsels to the Young," and its amusements and indoor games. EVERY FAMILY NEEDS IT, As a household work, to consult upon almost every conceivable subject; with its 2,000 practical recipes for almost everything and everybody; to 'con- sult upon all the leading diseases of man. woman, or child, as it points out in plain language the symptoms cause, and cure; to consult upon all matters of housekeeping, cooking, coloring, etc. ; to consult in all cases of accidents, of poisoning, burns, scalds, bruises, cuts, bites, wounds, etc. ; to consult upon a thousand other things of everyday occurrence; in shol't, as a Family Guide and Physician. ^ To, conclude, every person should have it, whether young or old, married or single, whether farmer, mechanic, or professional, as a book to refer to in a thousand matters of daily occurrence, as it will not only save you many dol- lars, but perhaps life itself, and will add to your comfort, pleasure and happi- ness. Carefully examine the "Index" of the Recipe Book, which you will find in this Circular, which will show you more fully the character and worth of the Book, and the various subjects treated of, and see if you do not need it, or If two dollars could be expended more satisfactorily, and if you can aflford to be without It. DR. CHASE'S RECIPES ; < OR, INEOMATION FOR EVERYBODY: AN INVALUABLE COLLECTION OF ABOUT EIGHT HUNDRED PRACTICAL RECIPES FOR Merchants, Grocers, Saloon-Keepers, Physicfans, Druggists, Tanners, Shoeofiakers, Harness Makers, Painters, Jewelers, Blacksmiths, Tinners, Gunsmiths, Farriers, Barbers, Bakers, Dyers, Renovators, Farmers, and Families Generally, WITH A Rational Treatment of Pleurisy, Inflammation or tlio IjungSf and. otlier Inflammatory Dii^easeni, and al»>o lor General Female Debility and Irreg^ularitics. By a. W. chase, M. D. " We learn to live by living to learn." GREATLY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED BY THE PUBLISHER, WHO HAS ADDED Appendices to tlie Medical, saloon, Tamers', Barters' and Toilet, BaUers' and cool^ing, Miscellaneons, and Coloring Deparimsnts, and also SEVERAL NEW DEPARTMENTS, viz.! " Advice to Mothers," " Rules for the Preservation of Health," "Accidents and Emer- gencies," "Hints upon Etiquette and Person-'.! Manners," " Hints on Housekeeping," " Amusements for the Young," and " Bee-Keeping." ,.,.^ _ ALL ARRANGED IiV THEIR APPROPRIATE DEPARTAii.VTS, / WITH A COPIOUS INDEX / PUBLISHED BY R. A. BEAL, X:''"'-f;,*.r''^C^ ANN ARBOR, MICH., TO WHOM ALL ORDERS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED. 1874 LAWS OF COPYRIGHT. ^ The exclusive benefits of Copyrights extend to twenty-eight years th«n renewable for fourteen years, if the Author is dead, to the heirs, by re- record- ing, and advertising the re-record for four weelts in any newspaper in the United States. The forfeiture of all the books, and the plates on which the same shall be copied, and a penalty of one dollar for each sheet of the work found in his possession— half to the United States and half to the Author— is the penalty for publishing or importing any work without the written consent of the Author; and also liable to the Author or proprietor for damages. Entries must be made in the office of the Librarian of Congress at "Wash- ington, who is entitled to a fee of fifty cents for recording the title of each book, and fifty cents in addition for each certificate of copyright undei seal of the ofiSce. Entered according to Act of Congress, In the Year 1867, by A. W. CHASE, M. D., In the Clerk's Ofllce of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Michigan. Entered according to Act of Congress, In the Year 1871, by R. A. BEAL, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Entered according to Act of Congress, In the Year 1874, by R. A. BEAL, In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. FIRST ENLARGED EDITION I TENTH THOUSAND. FIVE HUNDRED AND NINETIETH THOUSAND OP OLD EDITION. PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. The publisher of "Dr. Chase's Recipes ; or, Information for Everybody," while claiming that the Recipe Book as it is now published, is the most com- plete, comprehensive, and valuable work of the kind In print, recognizes the fact that science and research are constantly adding to our knowledge, and as it is his earnest desire to keep his book up with the times and useful to Individual Families and the Public generally, has Revised and Enlarged the Book, sparing no expense of time or money, having himself twice crossed the Atlantic to procure from the wisdom and experience of the old world infor- mation upon some particular subjects, to not only make the '' Recipe Book" the best of its kind, but also the best deserving of public patronage. Great care has been observed in selecting our information, and in the Medical de- partment many of the Recipes are more precious than rubies, they are price- less and will doubtless prove a blessing to many families. The publisher has adopted the "reformed practice" of medicine,* and the additions to the Medi- cal department are the resultof long experience in practice of some of the most BCientiflc physicians of modern times. The publisher has added an ap- pendix to the Saloon, Medical, Farrier's, Barbers' and Toilet, Bakers' and Cooking, Miscellaneous, and Coloring Departments, and in order to distin- guish the new matter has marked it "Appendix by the Publisher," to the several departments to which it is attached, and has further added as an appendix several new departments, viz.: "Rules for the Preservation of Health," *' Accidents and Emergencies," "Hints upon Etiquette and Personal Manners," '* Hints on Housekeeping," " Amusements and Indoor Games for the Young," " Advice to Mothers," " Cold Water Cure," " Rules for the Dress, Care, and Bringing up of Children," and "Bee-Keeping." If among the thousands of readers of this work any one should hastily pronounce these pages confused and ill-arranged, let them refer to the "Index" and forever hold their peace, and let it always be borne in mind that the " Index " is the knocker to the door of knowledge, and will enable you to refer in a moment to almost anything you may require. Agents wanted everywhere. Persons wishing to engage in the sale of the Book should address the publisher for Private Circulars and Terms. R. A. BEAIi, Publisber, Ann Arbor, Mich. *NoTE.— The publisher knowing that a great number still strongly adhere to the the "Old School " of Medicine, has for their particular benefit, under the head of "Prescriptions," and "A List of Useful Prescriptions," given a number of the best formulas of that system. Under the head of " Diseases" will be found how and when they can be used. Only a lew of the prescrip- tions conflict with the " Reformed Practice," but each disease here mentioned is fully treated according to the " Reformed Practice" elsewhere under its proper head. AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE FIRST STEREOTYPED EDITION. In bringing a permanent work, or one that is designed so to be, before the public, it is expected of the author that he give his reasons for such publica- tion. If the reasons are founded in truth, the people consequently seeing its necessity, will appreciate its advantages, and encourage the Author by quick and extensive purchases, they alone being the judges. Then— FiKST. — Much of the information contained in " Dr. Chase's Recipes, or Information for Everybody," has never before been published, and is adapted to every-day use. Second.— The Author, after having carried on the drug and grocery busi- ness for a number of years, read medicine, after being thirty-eight years of age, and graduated as a physician, to qualify himself for the work he was un- dertaking; for, having been familiar with some of the Recipes, adapted to these branches of trade, more than twenty years, he began in "Fifty-six," seven years ago, to publish them in a pamphlet of only a few pages, since which time he has been traveling between New York and Iowa, selling the work and prescribing, so that up to this time ("Sixty-three") over twenty- three thoicsand copie* have been sold. His travels have brought him in con- tact with all classes of professional and business men, mechanics, farriers, and farmers, thus enabling him to obtain from them many additional items, always having had his no^e-dooA; with him, and whenever a prescription has been given before him, or a remark made, that would have a, practical bear- ing, it has been noted, and at the first opportunity tested, then, if good, written out in plain language expressly for the next edition of this work. In this way this mass ot information has been collected, and ought to take away an objection which some persons have raised: "It is too much for one man to know!"— because they did not realize that the work had been made up from others, as well as the Author's actual every-day experience, instead of from urv- tried books. Yet from the nature of some of the Recipes, one has occasionally found its way into some of the earlier editions, which has needed revision, or to be entirely dropped. This, with a desire to add to the various Departments at every edition, has kept us from having it stereotyped until the present tenth edition. But now. all being what we desire, and the size of the work being such that we cannot add to it without increasing the price, we have it stereotyped, and send it out, just whaD we expect, and are willing it should remain. Third.— Many of the recipe-books published are very large, containing much ttse^«5« matter, only to increase the number, consequently costing too much. This one contains only about eight hundred recipes, upon only about four hundred different subjects, aW of which are valuable in daily, practical life, and at a very reasonable price. Many of them are without arrangement. This one is arranged in regular Departments, all of a class being together. Many of them are without remark or explanation. This one is fully ex- Elained, and accompanied with remarks upon the various subjects introduced y the Recipes under consideration. Those remarks, explanations and sug- gestions accompanying the Recipes are a special featare of this work, making it worth double its cost as a reading book, even if there was not a prescription In it. Fourth. — ^The remarks and explanations are in large type, whilst the pre- tcriptive a.nd descriptive parts are in a little smaller type, which enables any one to see at a glance just what they wisli to And. Fifth.— It is a well known fact that many unprincipled persons go around "gulling" the people by selling single recipes for exorbitant prices. The Author found a thing, callint; hirasef a man, in Battle Creek, Mich., selling a washing-fluid reuipe for two dollars, which lie ol)tained of some ; but if he could not obtain that, he would take two shillinqs, or any other sum be- tween them. A merchant save a hors« lor the '' White Cement " recipe. The late Mr. Andrews, of Detroit, Mich., gave three hundred dollars for a recipe, now improved and in this work, to cure a bone spavin upon a race mare of his. He removed the spavin with it, and won the anticipated wager with her. The Author has himself paid from twenty-flve to fifty and seventy-flve cents, and one to two, tliree, Ave, and eight dollars for single items, or recipes, hop- ■ Author's Preface. 9 ing thereby to improve his work, but often finding that he had much better ideas embodied tneiein. The amount pat'd for information in this work, and for testing by experi- ment, together witli traveling expenses, and cuts used in Illustrating it, has reached over two thousand dollars, and all for the purpose of making a book worthy to be found in " Everybody's " library, and to prevent such extortions in the pricg of recipes. Yet any single recipe in the work which a person may wish to use., will often be found worth mamj times the price of the book, perhaps the^ive* of those you dearly love, by having at hand the necessary Information, enabling you to immediately apply the means within your reach, instead of giving time for disease to strengthen, whilst sending, perhaps miles, for a physician. Much pain an i suffering, also, will often be saved or avoided, besides the satisfaction of knowing how many things are made which you are constantly using, and also being able to avoid many things which you certainly would avoid if you knew how tliey were made. Sixth.— It will be observed that we have introduced a number of recipes npon some of the subjects. Tiiis adapts the work to all circumstances and places. The reason for it is this: we liave become acquainted with them in our practice and journeyings, and know that when the articles cannot be ob- tained for one way, they may be for some other way; as also tliat one pre- scription is better for some than for other persons; therefore, we give the variety, that all may be benefited as much as possible. For instance, there are twenty different prescriptions for different diseases and conditions of the eye ; there are also a dozen different liniments, etc., etc.; yet the Author feels well assured that the most perfect satisfaction will be experienced in them as a whole. And although it could not be expected that special advantages of particular recipes could be pointed out to any great extent, yet the Author must be indulged in referring to a few, in the various Departments. All, or nearly all, merchants and grocers, as also most families, will be more or less benefited by the directions for making or preserving butter, preserving eggs, or fruit, computing interest, making vinegar, and keeping cider palatable, etc. In ague sections of country none should be without the information on this subject; and, in fact, there is not a medical subject introduced but what will be found more or less valuable to everyone. Even physicians will be more than compensated in its perusal ; whilst consumptive, dyspeptic, rheu- matic, and fever patients ought, by all means, to avail themselves of the ad- vantages here pointed out. The treatment in Female Debility, and the ob- servations on the changes in female life, are such that every one of them over thirteen or fourteen years of age should not be without this work. The direc- tions in Pleurisy and other inflammatory diseases cannot fail to benefit every family into whose hands the book shall fall. The Good Samaritan Liniment, we do not believe, has its equal In the world, for common uses, whilst there are a number of other liniments equally well adapted to particular cases. And we would not undertake to raise a family of children without our Whooping Cough Syrup and Croup Remedies, knowing their value as we do, if it cost a hundred dollars to obtain them. Tanners and shoemakers, painters and blacksmiths, tinners and gunsmiths, cabinet-makers, barbers, and bakers, will find in their various Departments more than enough, in single recipes, to compensate them for the expense of the work ; and farriers and farmers who deal in horses and cattle, will often find that Department to save a hundred times its cost in single cases of disease. A gentleman recently called at my house for one of the books, saying ; "I have come ten miles out of my way to get it, for I staid over night with a farmer, who had one. and had been benefited more than twenty dollars, in curing a horse by its directions." A gentleman near this city says he had paid out dollars after dollars to cure a horse of spavin, without benefit, as directed by o^Aer books of recipes ; but a few shillings, as directed by this, cured the horse. Another gentleman recently said to me : ' Your Eye Water is worth more than twenty dollars." I could fill pages with similar state- ments which have come to my knowledge since I commenced the publication of this work, but must be content by asking all to look over our References, which have been volunt-.irily accumulating during the seven years in which the work has been in growing up to its present size and perfection; and the position in society of most of the persons making these statements is such- many of whom are entire strangers to the Author and to each other— that any person can see that no possible complicity could exist between us, even if we desired it. Families will find in the Baking, Cooking, Coloring, and Miscellaneous Departments all they will need, without the aid of any other "Cook Book ;" and the Washing Fluid, which we have used at every washing except two for nearly eight years, is worth to every family of eight or ten persons, ten times the cost of the book, yearly, saving both in labor and wear of clothes. Seventh.— Many of the articles can be gathered from garden, field, or xo Author^ s Preface, woods, and the others will always be found with druggists, and most of the preparations will cost only from, one-half to as low as one-siaiteenth as much as to purchase them already made; and the only certainty, nowadays, of having a good article, is to make it yourself. FtNALL.Y.— There is one of two things /ac< about this book: It is the big- festliumbugof theday; or it is the best work of the Itind published in the Inglish language. If a carelul perusal does not satisfy all that it is not the first J but that it is the last, then will the Author be willing to acknowledge tliat testing, experimenting, labor, travel, and study are of no account in qualifying a man for such a work, especially when that work has been the long cherislied object of liis life, for a lasting benefit to liis fellow creatures, saving tliem from extoi-tion \n buying single recipes, and also giving tliem a reliable work, for every emergency, wore than for his own peculiar benefit. Were it not so, I should have kept the work smaller, as heretofore — for the eightli edition of two hundred and twenty-four pages, when liandsomely bound, sold for one dollar, as now ; but in this edition you get a dollar's worth of book, even in common reading matter, besides the most reliable practical Information, by which you will o/^en save, not only dollars aivd cents, but re- lieve suffering and prolong life. It is, in fact, a perfect mass of the most valu- able methods of accomplishing the things snoken of, an Encyclopcedia upon the various branches ot science and art ti-eated of in the work, wnich no fam- ily can afford to do without— indeed, young and old, •' Everybody's" book. And the "taxfs" nor "times" should be, for a moment, argued against the purchaae of HO valuable a work, especiall}/ when we assure you that the book is sold only by Traveling Agents, that all may have a chance to purchase ; for if left at the book-stores, or by advertisement only, not one in fifty would evir see it. Some persons object to buying a book of recipes, as they are constantly receiving so many in the newspapers of the day ; but if they had all that this book contains, scattered through a number of years of accumulated papers, it would be worth more than tlie price of this work to have them gathered together, carefully arranged in their appropriate ilepartments, with an alpha- betical index, and handsomely bound ; besides the advantage of their having passed under the Author's carefully prwiingr and grafting hand. ♦' To uproot error and do good should be the first and highest aspiration of every intelligent being. He who labors to promote tlie pliysical perfection of hisrace— he who strives to make mankind intelligent, healthy, and happy— cannot fail to have reflected on his own soul the benign smiles of those whom he lias been the instrument of benefiting." The Author has received too many expressions of gratitude, thankfulness, and favor, in relation to the value of *' Dr. Chase's Recipes, or Information for Everybody," to doubt in the least the truth of the foregoing quotation ; and trusts that the following quotation may not be set down to "egotism " or "bigotry," when he gives it as the governing reason for the continued and permanent publication of the work : •* I live to learn their story, who suffered for my sake; To emulate their jjlory, and follow in their wake; Bards, patriots, martyrs, sages, and nobler of all ages, Whose deeds crown History's pages, and Time's great volume make. '* I live for those who love me, for those who know me true ; For the heaven that smiles above me, and awaits my spirit too; For the cause that lacks assistance, for ihe wrong that needs resistance. For the future in the distance, and the good that I can do." May these reasons speedily become the governing principles tliroughout the world, especially with all those who have taken upon themselves the vows of our " Holy Religion," knowing that it is to those only who beyin to !ove God and right actions, A 7e, with whom the glories of heaven shall ever 6<»9i». Were they thus heeded, we should no longer need corroborating testimony to our statements. Now, however, we are obliged to array every point before the people, as a mirror, that they may Judge understandinqly, even in matters of the most vital importance to themselves; consequently we must be excused for this lengthy Preface, explanatory Index, and extended References follow- ing it. Yet, that there are some who will let the work go by them as one of the "hnmbugsof the day," notwithstanding all that has or mightbesaid, we have no doubt; but we beg to refer such to the statement amongst our Refer- ences, of the Rev. C. P. Nash, of Muskegon, Mich., who, although he allowed It thus to pass him, could not rest satisfied when he saw the reliability of the work, purchased by his less incredulous neighbors. Tlien if you with let it go by; but It is hoped that all pwrcMsers may have sufficient confidence In the work not to allow it to lie idle; for, that, the designed and greatest possible amount of good shall be accomplished by it, it is only necessary that it should be generally introduced, and daily used, is the positive knowledge of THE AUTHOR. REFERENCES. Extracts from Certificates and Diplomas in the Doctor's Possession Connected with his Study of Medicine. '* I hereby certify that A. W. Chase has prosecuted the study of medicine, under my instruction, during the term of two years, and sustains a good moral character. (Signed) O. B. REED, Physician. Belle River, Mich." University of Michigan, j College of Medicine and Surgery. ( This certifies that A. W. Chase has attended a full Course of Lectures in tli'is Insti- tution. (Signed) SILAS II DOUGLAS, Dean. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor." '• Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. Knovir all men by these presents, that A. W. Chase has sustained an honorable examination before the Faculty of this Institute, on all the departments of Medical Science, etc. * * * Wherefore we, the Trustees and Faculty * * by the authority vested in us by the Legisltaure of the State of Ohio, do confer on him the degree of Doctor of Medicine. WM. B. PIERCE, President. W. T. HURLBERT, Vice-President. Jas. G. Henshall, Secretary. Signed also by seven Prefessors, embracing the names of Scudder, Bickley, (seal) Freeman, Newton, Baldridge, Jones, and Saunders. ANN ARBOR REFERENCES. The following statements are given by my neighbors, to whom I had sent the eighth edition of my •' Recipes," asking their opinions v.f its value for the people, most of whom had previously purchased earlier editions of the work, and several of them used many of the recipes ; and surely their position in society must place their statements above all suspicion of complicity with the author in palming off a wortiilcss book : but are designed to benefit the people by increasing the spread of genuine practical infor- mation : Hon. Alpheus Felch, one of our first lawyers, formerly a Senator in Congress, and also ex-Governor of Michigan, says : — Please accept my thanks for the copy of your " Recipes,'' which you were so good as to send me. The book seems to me to contain much valuable practical information, and 1 b^ve no doubt ^vill be extensively useful A. VVinchell, Professor of Geology, ZoOlogy, and Botany, in the University of Michigan, and also State Geologist, says : — I have examined a large number of recipes in Dr. Chase's published collection, and from my knowledge, either experimental or theoretical, of many of them, and my confidence in Dr. Chase's carefulness, judgment, and conscientiousness in the selection of such only as are proved useful, after full trial, I feel no hesitation in saying that they may all be received with the utmost confid nee in their practical value, except in those cases where the Doctor has himself qualified his recommendations. Rev. L D Chapin pastor of the Presb3rterian Church, says : -Allow me to expres tb you my gratification in the perusal of your book. I do not regard myself as qualified to speak in regard to the whole book, for you enter into dnpartments in which I have no special knowledge, but w^here I understand the subject I find many things of much practical value for every practical man and housekeeper; and judging of those parts which I do not, by those wliich I do understand, I think that you have furnished a book that most f imilies can afford to have at any reasonable price. Rev. George Smith, Presiding Elder of the M. K Church, Ann Arbor, says:— I take pleasure in saying that so far as I have examined, I have reason to believe that your Recipes are genuine, and not intended as a catch-penny, but think any person pur- chasing it will get the worth of their money. 1 2 References. Rev. Geo. Taylor, Pastor of Ann Arbor, and Dixboro M. E. Church, writes as fol- lows :— As per your request, I have carefully examined your book of Recipes, recently published, and take pleasure in adding my testimony to the many you have already received, that I regard it as the best compilation of recipes 1 have ever seen. Several of these recipes we have used in our family for years, and count each of them worth the cost of your book. Elder Samuel Cornelius, Pastor of the Baptist Church, writes : — I have looked over your book of " Information for Everybody," and as you ask my judgment of it, I say that it gives evidences of much industry and care on the part of the compiler, and con- tains information which must be valuable to all classes of business men in town and country, and especially to all lamilies who want to cook well, and have pleasant, healthy drinks, syrups, and jellies — who wish to keep health when they enjoy it, or seek for it in an economical way. I thank you for the copy you sent me, and hope you may make a great many families healthy and happy. Rev. F. A. Blades, of the M. E. Church, and Paster in charge, for two years of Ann Arbor Station, says : — Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Your work of Recipes I have examined, and used some of them for a year past. 1 do not hesit ite to pronounce it a valuable work, containing information for the million. I hope you will succeed in circulating it very generally. It is worthy a place in every house. This gentleman speaks in the highest terms of the " Dyspeptic's Biscuit and Cof- fee," as of other recipes used, Eberbach &Co., Druggists, of Ann Arbor, say: — We have been filling prescriptions from '■ Dr. Chase's Recipes," for three or four years, and freely say that we do not know of any dissatisfaction arising from want of correctness ; but, on the other hand, we know that they ^\\^ general satisfaction. Rev. S. P. Hildreth, of Dresden, O., a former neighbor, enclosing a recent letter, says :— I have carefully examined your book, and regard it as containing a large amount of information which will be valuable in every household. Rev. William C. Way. of the M, E. Church, Plymouth, Mich., says: — I have cured myself of Laryngitis, (inflammation of the throat,) brought on by long continued and constant public speaking by the use of Dr. Chase's black oil. and also know a fever sore to have been cured upon a lady by the use of the same article. OPINIONS OF THE ANN ARBOR PRESS. A New Book, — Dr. Chase, of this city, has laid on our table a new edition of his work, entitled " Dr. Chase's Recipes; or. Information for Everybody," for making all sorts of things, money not excepted. We would not, however, convey the idea that the Doctor tells you how to make spurious coin, or counterfeit bills, but by practicing upo.i the maxims laid down in this work, money making is the certain result. Buy a book, and adopt the recipes in your households, on your farms, and in your business, and success is sure to follow. The work is neatly printed, elegantly bound, and undoubt- edly embodies more useful information than any work of the kind now before the public, .Students, or others, wishing to engage in selling a saleable work, will do well to send for circulars describing the book, with terms to agents, etc., for it is indeed a work which " Everybody "ought to have. — Michigan Stale N'ews, Ann Arbor. Dr, A W. Chase, ol this ciiy, has placed on our table a copy of his " Recipes; or, Information for Everybody." Begmning with a small pamphlet, the Doctor has swelled his work to a bound volume of about 400 pages ; an evidence that his labors are appreciated. The volume f^irnishes many recipes and much information of real practi- cal \:\\\ic.— Michigan Argus, Ann Arbor. Dr. Chase's Recipes. — The ninth edition of Dr. Chase's Recipes has been re- cently published, revised, illustrated, and enlarged, comprising a very large collection of practical information for business men. mechanics, artists, farmers, and for families generally. The recipes are accompanied with explanations and comments which greatly increase the value of the work, It is a handsomely bound volume, -Ann Arbor journal. Dr. Chase, of Ann Arbor, has favored us with a copy of Recipes which he has pub- lished, * * * * who claims that they have been made up from his own and others' every-day experience. There is certainly a great many useful recipes in this work that might be found to richly repay its cost to any iMxiily .—Michigan Farmer, Detroit. OPINIONS OF THE PEOPLE-STRANGERS. Rev, C. P. Nash, of Muskegon, Mich., writes : — Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Some time since, one of your agents canvassed our town for your •" Book of Recipes," but tliinking it, perhaps, one of the humbugs of the day, I neglected my ojiportunity to procure one. The books, however, wire soKI to our neighbors about us, and my wife borrowed one in order to test a few of its recipes. She found them all genuine, so lar as she tried them, and now very much regrets that we did not procure one. She considers tliem invaluable. References. i^ The object of this note is to inquire whether we can procure one by :;ending you the necessary funds. If so, we will send by return of mail, upon receipt of your answer. If not can you, and will you be so kind us to inform us where and how wc can procure one. P. S. — Knclosed please find 'a directed and pre-paid envelope, for you reply. Frederick Bues, Vin<;giir Manufacturer, of Freeport, 111., says: — Dr. Cliase's plan of making vinegar is purely scientific, and I am making it with entire success. J. M. Cnase, Canedea, N.Y., says: — Your vinegar is all right. More than forty men tested it last Saturday, and they, to a man, say it is the best and pleasantest they ever saw. J. Clark, of Conneautville, Pa., said to me he had made $500 in four months, from the vinegar recipe. L. Weber, grocer, of Crestline, O., says, May 26, 1859: — I purchased Dr. Chase's book about a year ago, and have made and sold the virtgar at a profit of about $40 on nine barrels. These statements refer to the *' Vinegar in Three Days, without Drugs." H. W. Lord and B. Fox, grocers, of Pont ac, Mich., say :— We have kept eggs two years, by Dr. Chase's process, as good as when put down. L. Howard, hotel keeper, ( of the firm of Kimbal & Howard,) Waverly House, Elgin, 111., says : — We used eggs in June of this year, which were laid down in May of last year, by a plan just the same as Dr. Chase's, and they were just as good as iresh cggs» and as clean and nice in every w.:y. Wm. Buss, of the firm oi Robinson & Co., grocers, of Erie, Pa., says — I have tried a recipe similar to Dr. Chase's egg preserving recipe, for several years with perfect success, and freely recommend it to any one wishing to deal in eggs. John A. Vanhorn, merchant, of Marshall, Mich., says : — 1 have been acquainted with Dr Chase's plan of keeping eggs lor five years, and know that it will keep Ihcm as nice as fresh eggs. T. L. Stevens, merchant, of Paw Paw, Mich., says that he is acquainted with tlie same thing, and knows that it is good. Chapel & Graves, grocers, at Ottawa, 111., say they paid $10 for the egg preserving recipe. 1 know two men, one of whom paid $100 and the other $135, for a part only of the vinegar recipes. Howbret & Pallor, druggists of Bucyrus, Ohio, say:— Dr. Chase's Red Ink is superior to Harrison's Columbian Ink, and also that his Burning Fluid lan have no superior. Miller & Davis, bankers, Ann Arbor, Mich., say: — We have tried Dr. Chase's Com- mon Ink, and find it a good article Robert Heany, Jr., druggist, of Hendrysburg, O., says: — I have tried several of your recipes, and so far find them good. The Eye-Water gives good satisfaction ; the Good Samaritan takes the place of all other liniments in the shop; the Green Mountain Salve takes well lor plasters, and Mead's Sovereign Ointment is doing for me what no other medicine has done, it is curing a sore on my back which has baffled all applica- tions for more than two years. One doctor called it tetter, another erysipelas. It began like a ring-worm, and slowly spread, with the most intolerable itching. It is now nearly well, with only two weeks' use of the ointment. Dr. A. S. Witter, Eclectic physician, of B.ittle Creek, Mich., says :— Either of Dr. Chase's preparations for the Ague is worth double what he asks for the whole list of recipes. Prof. A. H. Piatt, M. D., of Antioch College, Yellow Springs. O , says :— To the Medical Profession : This certifies that the recipe in Dr. Chase's Collection, lor the cure of Uterme Hemorrhage, is original with me, and has been in iny practice for nearly twenty years, without a single failure. L. S. Hodgkins, of Reading, Mich., says: — I have cured my wife of Cancer of four years' standing, with one of Dr. Chase's cancer cures. I know it has cured others also. W.J. Cook, M. D., of Mendota, 111., says: — 1 have examined Dr. Chase's recipes, and find two or three woith more than he asks for tlie whclc colli ctk n. T, W ( hurch, dentist, of Coldwattr, Mich., says :- I have been acquainted with Dr. Chase and his book of Recipes for about two ye;irs. All 1 have tested are found to he practical ; and his prescription lor my father, in paralysis, was found to be more effectual in giving relief than that of any other physician. The editor of the Ann Arbor Local I^erus says : — We have thoroughly examined the work published by A. W. Chase, M D., entitled " Dr. Chase's Recipes,'' and believe it to be a most valuable book for everybody. There is not, in our opinion, a single recipe contained in it that is not of great practical use. N. S. Reed, harness maker, of Mans-field, O., says :— I have used Dr. Chase's Var" nish Blacking for Harness over three years, and say it is the best I ever used. J. & D. Minich. tanners, of Bucyrus, O., say: — We are using Dr. Chase's tanning and finishing recipes with good satisfaction. Mrs. Morris, of Lima, near Ann Arbor, Mich., says :— I am using Dr. Chase's Washing Fluid, and have found it to be a very valuable recipe, and I would not do a washing without its aid for half the price of the hook, weekly Stephen Allen, of Adrian, Mich., says :— We have used A. W. Chase's Washing Fluid for two years, and my wife says she would not do without it for %\o a year, and it does not injure the clothes, but saves all bleaching. 14 References. Jacob Schoen, of East Saginaw, Mich., says:— The recipe of Dr. Chase's Washing Fluid is genuine, and like the same which I manufactured and sold for nine years in Vienna, the capital of Austria, in Europe. H. W. Donnelly, postmaster of Parma. Mich., says : — My family have used a prepare ation in washing for ten years, similar to Dr. Chase's, and we know it to be practical and valuable. He said to a farmer, who asked his bpinion of the book, buy one, says he — that recipe alone is worth the whole price, a dozen times. The editor of the Country Gentleman says of the Washing Fluid, from several ? rears' experience, that clothes not only wash easier, but look better, and last fully as ong as when washed in the old way. The Author knows that shirts will last tvvice as long, for the board-rubbing wears them out faster than body wear, and as two-thirds of that rubbing is saved, the wear is of course saved. Gideon Howell, of Oramel, N. Y., says:— I have drank cider two j'ears old, (kept by one of Dr. Chase's recipes,) as good as when put up, and did not cost one-fourth of st cent per barrel to prepare it. Sheldon Bebee, a farmer, of Cary, Ohio, says :— I put away cider in November, by one of Dr. Chase's recipes, to preserve cider, and it is now, in March, as good as when first made. Messrs. J. W. Bell & P. Mower, blacksmiths, of New Vienna, O., August ii, 1859, say :— Dr. A. W. Chase: Dear Sir, — We have tried your process for re-cutting Files, and are happy to say to you that it works well ; and we desire you also to send us the recipe for welding Cast-Steel without borax, which was forgotten when we obtained the other. [I sold to them before these recipes were printed in the book.] John Miser, blacksmith, of Washington, Ohio, says, June 20th, 1S59:— Dr. Chase tried his FileCutting Process in my shop last night, ana I am satisfied that it is a good thing, and have purchased his book. Wm. Russell, blacksmith, of Princeton, Ind., says. May 7, i860:— I purchased Dr. Chase's book of recipes this afternoon, and have tested the recipe for tempering Mill- Picks, to my perfect satisfaction, and also of the miller who used them. They cut glass also, very nicely. J. Kinneman, miller in Union Mills, Union, Pa., says :— August 20, i860, Mr. Todd, a blacksmith of this place, put one dollar in my hands to be given to Dr. Chase, if his Mill-Pick Tempering recipe gave satislaction upon test; and the Doctor gained the money, G. C. Schofield, of Conneautville, Pa., says : —After using Wood's Hair Restorative without benefit, I have now a good head of hair from using a Restorative similar to Dr. Chase's, and I know his to be a superior article. O. B. Bangs, of Napoleon, Mich., says :— Dr. Chase: Dear Sir, — Allow me to say, by using your Hair Restorative onQe a day for two weeks, gave me a beautiful dark head of hair in place of a silver-gray which had been my companion for years; and although I have not now used it in four months, yet my hair retains its beautiful dark appearance, and is soi't and pliable as in youth. If it was used once a day for two weeks, and then two or three days only, every two months, no gray hair would ever appear. The expense of it is so very trifling, also, no one would feel it, as 3)^ pints cost only from 35 to 30 cents. T. Shaw, cabinet maker, of Westfield, N. Y., says: — I have used Dr. Chase's pre- paration in finishing furniture, about five years, and know it is good and better than any otlier thing I have used in thirty-five years. Jonathan Higgins, a farmer, of West Union, Adams connty, O., says : — I have used Dr. Chase's treatment for Cholic in liorses for ths last 12 to 15 years, with perfect suc- cess, and also on myself with as perfect satisfaction; and my wife says she likes Mrs. Chase's Buck-wheat Short-cake better than the griddle cake, and it is not half the trouble to make it. A. French, of Jackson, O., says: — Having cured many horses of Spavin and Big- head with a preparation similar to Dr. Chase's Ring-bone and Spavin Cure, I am free to say that this recipe is worth more than the whole price of the book to all who are dealiiig in horses. It also cures curbs, callouses, i,,flammations, etc., etc., and this I know from twenty years experience in staging^. J. M. Lowry, of Pomeroy, O., says :— I have successfully treated more than 25 cases of bots, with Dr. Chase's remedy for that disease. W. W. Robbins, of Milwood, O., says :— I purchased one of Dr. Chase's books about two years ago, and have used a number of the recipes, and I find all I have tried give entire satisfaction ; and I now want your last edition. E. L. Burton, a glove manufacturer, at Gloversville, N. Y.. says:— I have never known any preparation for removing paint from clothes equal to Dr. Chase's Renovating Mixture, From experience. Hiram Sisson. an old farrier and farmer, of Crown Point, Essex county, N. Y, says : — I have used Dr. Chase's Kitridge and Green Ointments for several years, on human flesh and on horses, in bruises and deep sores, with better success than any other preparation which I have ever used, and know they are no humbug, but are worthy of very great confidence. - — References. j- Hiram Storms, dyer and manufacturer, at Ann Arbor. August 6 \?>oor Plates, to Make 460 Domestic Rules 548 Drunkenness, apparent Death from 387, 406 Drunkenness, Perfect Cure for 124 Dropsy, Remedies for 127 Drinks, Tamarind 362 Drinks for Fever Patients,..' 80, }<1 Drowning 886, 387, 406 Dryer. Japan 457 Dress, Female 509 Dresses, to Preserve Color of 547 Dyspepsia, Treatment of 81-84 Dyspeptic Tea 123 Dyspeptic Pill 344 Dysentery, to Cure 220 Dyeing..? „ 590, 5'.)6-600 El Earache, to Cure 226 Early Rising 413 Eggs, to Preserve, three modes 33 Eggs, Sex of 34 Eggs, to Increase Laying 34 Eggs, to Fry 34 Eggs, Pickled 637 Electuary, Anti-Spasmodic 368 Emmenasogue Mixture 304 Emetic Mixture 344 Emetic, Eclectic 95 Emetic Powder 344 Emetics, Bread Tea in 95 Emulsions, Laxative 363 Emulsions, Purgative 363 Emergencies 406 Embroidery, to Transfer 665 Enemas. Various 359 Epilepsy, Treatment of „ 227 Erysipelas, Treatment ol ^-228 Eruptions, Cutaneous 509 Essences, to i>(ake 162 Etiquette, Hintsupon 618-627 Extracts, to Make 344 Expectorant, Tincture 345 Exercise 411 Fye Preparations, 134-188, 221-226, 357 Eye, Siffht, to Preserve 225 Eye, Dirt, etc.,in 384,386 Eye Water lor Horses, etc 490 Eyts, Weak, Horses 483 General Index. 19 £y«^Lashes, to Lengthen..^ 516 IF* Pace, Burning 226 Fainting Fits 226, 386 Faded Garments, to Restore 506 Febrifuge Wine 47 Febrifuge, for Fevers 76, 345 Febrifuge Tea „ 76 Febrifuge, Balsam 78 Felons, to Cure 101, 191, 226 Female Irregularities 177-183 Female Pill, Laxative 181 Female Pill 345 Female Pill, Anodyne 181 Female Pill for Painful Menstrua- tion 181 Fence Posts, to Preserve 557 Fermentation, to Check 70 Fevers, Improved Treatment of..... 75 Fever, Typhoid, Treatment of 78 Fever, Typhus, Treatment of.... 97, 273 Fever, Scarlet, Treatment of 79, 324 Fever, Milk, Treatment of 298 Fever, Liniment 77 Fevers, Drinks for 80,81,345 Fevers, to Prevent Infections... 97, 273 Fever Sores, Plaster, Salves, etc, 138-142 Fits, Treatment of. 230, 387 Fits, Fainting 226 Files, to Re-cut 465 Filter, Water, to Make 563 Fish, to Catch . 667 Fire, Klndlers 672 Fistula, to Cure 483 Flooding. Powders for 18^ Fluor Albus 306-309 Flannels, to Wash 548 Flies, to Destroy 584 Founder, to Cure 489 Fruits, to Keep 32 Fruit, Extracts 5^1 Fruits, to Can 561 Fruits, Use of. 417 Freezing, without Ice 68, 69 Frost-Bite, to Cure 228 Frosting, for Cakes 523, 536. Freckles, to Remove 510, 511 Furniture, to Polish, etc 500 Furs, to Tan 452«456 C3- Gtergles, Various... 360 Gargle for Sore Throat 85 Gangrene, Treatment of 229 Gallstones 267 « Galvanizing 476 Galvanizing, Shilling Battery 476 Galls, Harness, To Cure 487 Ginger Pop 52 Ginger, Syrup of. 65 Ginger, Tincture of. e.^ Ginger Snaps 5:i7 Gingerbread, To Make 537, 538 Gingerette, Spanish 52 Glue, Mouth 40 Glue, for Tin 473 Glue, To Make 571 Glossarial Department 607-617 Glass, Frosting of 459 Glass, Etching and Grinding 461 Gloves, Kid, To Clean 512 Gleet, Nasal, Horses 495 Gold Lacquer, for Tin 471 Gout, Chronic, To Cure 93 Godfrey's Cordial 118 Goitre, Treatment of 166, 229 Gravel, Remedies for 230 Gravel, Drops for 98 Green Sickness 299 Green Ointment 345 Gregory's Powders 345 Grease Heel, 1 o Cure 487, 495 Grease Spots on Silk, To Remove.. 5i2 Grease Spots, To Remove 585 Groggy Knees, Horses 496 Graham Bread, To Make 538 Grammar in Rhyme 580 Gun Barrels, To Brown 474 Hanging 387,406 Hair Dye 604 Hair Restoratives 504 Hair Invigorator 605,511 Hair Oils, To Make 607, 612 Hair, Superfluous, To Remove 610, 514 Hair Wasli 612, 517 Hair, To Make Curl 514 Hair Brushes. To Clean 515, 585 Hands, To Whiten 511, 516 Hams, To Cure 548 Hams, To Keep .')49 Headache, Sick, To Cure 95 Headache, Periodical 96 Headache Drops 96 Hemorrhages, Uterine 81 Hemorrhages 385,386 Heartburn, To Cure 231, 419 Heart, Palpitation of 249 Health, Rules to Pre- serve 408, 415, 417-419 Health in Youth 414 Herbs for Dyspepsia 346 Herbs lor Various Diseases 347 Heaves, Treatment of 488 Hiccough, To Cure 235 Hoarseness from Cough 150 Honey, Artificial 38, 531 Honey, Domestic 39 Honey, Excellent 39 Hoof Ail in Sheep 490 Hoof Ointment, etc 494 Horse, Cut of 478 Horse, Name of Parts 478 Horse Ointment 485, 492 Horse Liniment 485 Horse Supporting Apparatus 486 Horses, To Tame 490, 498 Horses, English Recipes 492 Horses, Purge for 492 Horses, Cordial for 492 Horses, Sore Back, To Cure 492 Horses, To Water 492 Horses, To Manage 492 Horses, Hoof-bound 4!i4 Horses, Sore Mouth 496 Horses, To Make Get up and Haul. 499 Horses, To Sh e 489 Horses, Broken Limbs 485 House Leek, Properties of 345 Household, Management of. . . 542, 553 House Cleaning 547 20 Ge7ieral Index. Houses— Gravel— stucco 667, 568 Hydrophobia, Cure for, 132-134, 232, 235 Hysteria, Treatment of 292, 293 I Ice-Creara, To Make 54, 66 Ice-Creani, Very Cheap 64 Ice-Cream, Strawberry— Rasp- berry 66, 67 Ice, To Make 68, 69 Illustrations, Index to 24 Imperial Drops, for Gravel and Kidney Complaints 98 Ink, Black Copying 37 Ink, ToMake.Black— Red 37 Ink— Blue— Indelible 38 Ink, To Remove 551,552 Index to Departments 24 Index to Illustrations 24 Index, General 16—24 Inflammatory Diseases 167, 177 Inflammation of Throat 84 Inflammation of Lungs... 175, 177, 238 Ind igestlon, Treatment of. 236 Inhaler, Cut of. 348 Inhalation 318 Infants. Management of. 426-4-29 Indigo Extract, To Make 692 Interest, To Compute 35 Interest Rates in different States. . 601 Interest Tables, Explanation of. . . 601 Interest Tables 602-606 Irritating Plaster 127, 2;« Irritation in Children 431 Irritation, Special 432 Iron, Black Polish for 4H6 Iron, To Weld 466 Iron, Poor, To Improve 466 Iron, To Prevent Welding -468 Iron, To Case-harden 469 Iron, Wrought, To Case-harden — 469 Iron, To Soften 469 Iron Mold, To Remove 54!) Iron Stains on Marble, To Remove 551 Itching Feet from Frost Bites 100 Itch, To Cure 163, 235 cr Jaundice, Dr. Peabody's Cure 116 Jaundice, Drink for 116 Jaundice, Treatment of. 239, 240 Japan Flow, for Tin 4T1 Jam, To Make 531 Jellies, To Make 531, 533, 5;W Jellies, without Fruit 39 Jewelry, To Clean 477 Kettles. To Keep from Furring 549 King of Oils, for Neuralgia KW Kidney Disease, Horses 495 Kid Gloves, To Clean 5T2 Knees, Broken, Horses 497 Knife-Handles, To Fasten 549 Xj Laryngitis 84 Laudanum 1 1» Laborer Childbirth 294-297 Lacquer, Gold, for Tin 471 Lacquer for Brass 472 Lampers, To Cure 499 Leatlier, To Clean 549 Lemonade, To Carry in Pocket. ... 48 Lemonade, To Make 65 Lemonade, Milk 65 Lemonade for Fever Patients 80 Lemon Whey 539 Leucorrhea, Injection for 182 Lini'iient, Good Samaritan 103 Liniment for Old Sores 103 Liniment, Dr. Raymond's 103 Liniment, Electro-Magnetic J04 Liniment for Spinal Affections.... 104 Liniment, Great liOndon 104 Liniment, Gum, Patent 104 Liniment, Lobelia and Cayenne. .. 105 Liniment, St. John's 105 Liniments, Various 359 Liniment, Black 496 Liniment, Lime 359,346 Liniment, Iodine, Horse 497 Liver, Inflammation of... 128, 240, 242 Liver Complaint 240 Liver Pill 128, 129, 242 Lime Water 346 Lightning and Sun Stroke.... 387, 400 Locked Jaw 237 Longing 297 Lobelia. Properties of. 346 Logwood, Properties of 346 Lotions. Various . 360 Lovers' Knots 539 Looking-Glasses, To Clean ,. 548 Lungs, Inflammation of... 175-177, 238 Lungs, To Ascertain the State of... 417 liUng Fever, Horses 495 Mad Dog, Bite of, (See Hydrophobia.) Masturbation. (See Spermatorrhea.) Mange and Surfeit 498 Magic Paper 565 M arble. To Clean 550 Magnetic Ointment 115 Marble, Imitation ol 550 Marble, To Polish 650 Matches, Percussion 672 Manners, Hints upon 618-627 Mead, Metheglin, To Make 67 Mense.s, Obstructed 298 Menstruation 298-3(X) Menstruation, Painful, Immoder- ate 305 Menstruation, Suppression of.. 304-306 Measks, Treatment of 319, 320 M eals, To Regulate ^v^1n9-421 Meat, To Cure 6^ 5d8, 5r.l Medicines, Preparation of....'.. 371-374 Medicines, Precautions in Giving. 374 Medici neSjTo Prevent. Taste of. . . . 371 Medicine, Doses for Different Ages 375, 383 Milk Fever 298 Mixtures, Various 361 Milk Lea, Hor.ses 498 Milk, To Preserve .. 549 Mill Picks, To Sharpen 467 Mill Picks, To Temper 467 Mildew, To Remove 549,552 Mouth Glue 40 General Index. 21 Molasses Candy, To Make 47 Moths, To Stop 550,552, 685 Mumps, Treatment of 318 Mustard Plaster, To Make 351 Mucilage, To Make 363 Muffins, To Make 531 Musty Casks, To Sweeten 650 Muslins, To Keep Color 552 Muslins, To Render Inflammable. 652 Musical Curiosity 681 Nails, Grown in 239 Nails, To Whiten 239,512 Navel 322 Nectar, Cream, Imperial 52 Nervous Pill 130,244 Nervous Mixture 244 Nervousness 243 Nerve Powder 243 Nerve Drops 244 Nerve Mixture 244 Neuralgia Remedies 158, 242 Neuralgia, Internal Remedy 160 Nettle Rash 242 Nettle 2J4 Neutralizing Mixture 242 Night Sweats, To Relieve 75 Nightmare. 242 Nipples, Cracked 99 Nipples, Sore, Toad Ointment 115 Nose Bleed, To Stop 198, 386 Nocturnal Emissions 286 Noise in the Ears 286 Nurse, The 488 Nurse, Common- or Sick 439 Nurse, The Monthly 441 Odors, To Remove 551 Oil. Cod Liver 106 Oil, British 150 Oil, Balm of Gilead 151 Oil, Harlem 151 Oil of Spike 151 Oil, Black 151 Oils, Drying 457 Oils, King of, for Neuralgia 160 Oil Paint, To Clean 457 Ointment for Old Sores 112 Ointment, Judkin's — Slsson's 112 Ointments, Green, Kittredge's, 113, 499 Ointment, Mead's Salt Rheum 114 Ointment, Itch 115 Ointment, Magnetic 115 Ointment, Stramonium 115 Ointment, Toad 115 Ointment for Ulcerated Liver 129 Ointment for Eruptions 347 Ointment. Blue 495 Ointment, White 496 Ointments, Various 361 Omelet, Green Corn 529 Opodeldock, Liquid 152, 498 Oyster Soup 46 Oysters,' Mock. 531 Oyster Pie 539 Oyster Fritters 539 Paralysis, Treatment of. 94, 250 Paralytic Liniment ■ 94 Paregoric 118 Pain Killer, Perry Davis's 166 Pain in the Back 239 Pain in the Head or Face 239 Pain in Joints or Side 239 Painter's Colic, To Cure 2ol Painter's Sanding Machine — 458 Painter's Economy in Colors 463 Paint Skins, To Save 458 Paint, Fire-Proof 459 Paint, Rubber 459 Paint, To Make various Shades.... 459 Paint, Porcelain Finish 463 Paint, To Remove 6.51 Paint, To Take Away Smell of 651 Paint, To Clean 551 Paints, Cheap 569-571 Painting. Crystal 459 Painting Tin Rools 458 Palpitation of the Heart 249 Paste, Water-Proof 452 Paste for Tarts 527 Paste, To Make 685 Paper, Magic 565 Paper Hangings, To Clean 5^7 Paper, Sketching 46(J Pectoral Drops, Bateman's 118 Pearl Water for Face 513 Pennyroyal, Properties of. 347 Perfume, To Make 608, 614 Personal Manners, Hints upon, 618-627 Pharmacopoeia, Domestic 357-363 i hysiognomy, Infantile 433 Physic Ball, Horses 489,497 Physic for Cattle 489 Piles, Remedies for 116-118, 246-249 Pills, Nervous 130 Pills, To Sugar-Coat 180 Pills, Anodyne 181 Pills, Various 361 Pie, Lemon 626 Pie Crust Glaze 627 Pie, Apple 527 Pie, Custard 627,536 Pickling Fruits, etc 575 Picture varnish 551 Pimples, To Remove 239,510 Plaster, Irritating 127 Piaster, Adhesive 141 Plants, To Free from Lice 685 Plums, etc.. To Keep from Being Stung 575 Pleurisy Root 249 Pleurisy, Remedies for 172-175, 248 Powder, Black 38 Powder, Aperient 852 Powder, Carminative 352 Powder, Saline Laxative 352 Powder,Steel 352 Powder, Sudorific, Worm 353 Powders, Various 362-363 Powder, Cleansing, for Horses 495 Pop Corn Balls 47 Pop, Ginger 62 Pork, To Keep Fresh 660 Poisons, Antidotes 167, 387-391, 407 Polypus in the Nose 270 Poultices, Various, To Make... 348-352 Poll Evil, To Cure 481,494 Potash, To Make 483 Polish, Furniture 600, 648 Polish for Wood, f-eather, etc 600 Pomade 607 3a General Index. pomade for Baldness 512 Pomatums G12 Potatoes, To Boll 539 Potatoes, To Fry 640 Poultry, To Feed 551 Proud Flesh 286 Pregnancy 301, 353 Premature Birth 302 Prescriptions 867-370 Prescriptions, List of Useful... 376-382 Prognosis, Infantile 434 Preface, Publisher's 7 Preface, Author's 8 Preserves, To Make 531, 562 Pulmonic Wafers 148 Puberty 323 Pulmonary Balsam 347 Pulmonary Syrup 348 Puddings 528,529,640 Pudding Sauce 529 Puffs, Lemon 539 Publisher's Preface 7 Q, Quinsy, Treatment of 271 Rats, To Destroy 666, 585, 586 Bazor Strop Paste 608, 587 Bazors, To Sharpen 686, 587 References 10 Restorative Wine Bitters 353 Renovating Mixtures 506 Renovating Clothes 506 Rheumatic Fluid, German 104 Rheumatism, Remedies for 119, 122, 251-?55 Rheumatism, Inflammatory 119 Rheumatism, Dr. Kittredge's Remedy 120 Rheumatism, Indian Remedy for, 121 Rheumatism, New Remedy ior — 122 Rheumatic Drops 254 Rheumatic Liquid— Mixture— Pill. 254 Rheumatic Powder 255 Rheumatic Liniment 120, 254 Rheumatism in Horses 499 Ringworm, To Cure las, 255, 323 Ring-Bone, To Cure 479, 482, 498 Ring, Tight, To Remove 513 Rickets, Treatment of 321, 322 Rice. To Cook •• 540 Rupture- Abdominal 188, 190 Rust, To Prevent 465, 549 Rust, To Remove 552 Rules for Administering Medi- cine 371, 375. 383, 589 Salt Rheum 114 Sausage, Bologna 70 Saline Mixture 353 Salve, Green Mountain 140 Sarsaparilla, Decoction of 344 Salve, Kitridge's 140 Salve, Balm of Gilead 141 Salve, Peleg White's 142 Salve, Black 335 Saws, To Mend 475 Scbeidam Schnapps 60, 61 Scratches 264, 323 Scrofula, Treatment of 264 Scurvy, To Cure 866 Sciatica, Treatment of 272 Scurf in the Head, Infants 823 Scald Head, To Cure 824 Scalds, Remedies for 192-194, 384 Scarlatina 324 Scarlatina and Measles 326 Scouring Liquid 473 Scouring Powders 473 Scouring In Horses, etc 484 Scratches in Horses 487 Seidlitz Powders 157 Sealing Wax, To Make 576 Sherbet, Persian 48 Shingles, Treatment of 265 Shortness of Breath 256 Shocks 388 Sheep, Maggots in 498 Shamjpooiog Mixture 606 Sick Headache, To Cure 95, fl6 Sick Rooms, Caution in 417 Sick Room, Management of 443-449 Sick Stomach, Horses 497 Sinking at Pit of Stomach 287 Singing, Utility of 412 Sizing for Boots and Shoes 451 Silver Plating 468 Silk Reviver 552 Skin Diseases, Alterative for 85 Skin.ToClean 514 Skin, To Clear Tanned 514 Skin, To Soften 516 Skin, Sunburned 517 Sleep, How to Get 412 Slippery Elm, Properties of 354 Small-Pox, Treatment of 164, 261, 264, 368 Small-Pox in Sheep 264 Smoking 287 Snake Bites, Remedies for. . . . 132, 134 Snuffles 328 Soda Water without Machine, for Bottling 46 Soda Wat er Powders 70 Soot Coffee 74 Sore Throat, Gargle for 85 Sore Throat, Liniment for 85 Sore Throat. Treatment of . . . . 85-87 256 Sorrel, To Stew 256 Solder, To Make 472, 478 Soaps, To Make 653-557 Spiritual Facts 72 Spasms of Stomach 191 Spasms, Certain Cure 256 Spermatorrhea 257, 260 Spitting Blood 269 Sprains, To Cure 270, 493 Spavin, To Cure. . . 479-482, 492, 493, 498 Splint, To Cure 492 Spelling, Hints upon 687 Squinting, To Cure 323 StomachBitters 60 Stomach Spasms and Cramps 191 Stoppers, To Loosen 68 Stimulating Tonic '^'d Stimulant in Low Fevers 124 Stimulating Liniment 853 Stone in the Bladder 266, 268 Styptic Balsam 165 Styptic Remedies 166 Stings of Bees, etc., To Cur© 201 General Index. 23 Stings of Nettles 201 Stammering, To Cure ' " " 257 Stitcli in Side 257 St. Vitus' Dance \\\\ 260 Stricture of Rectum 268 Stain, Mahogany— Rosewood . , 501 Stain, Black Walnut— Cherry 502 Stains, To Remove.... 514, 516, 651, 5.52 Starching 54g Starch Polish 572 Stifle, Sprains of. .".,'. 497 Stucco Plastering ' . 557 Sunburn, To Rehiove 6I7 Sunstroke, To Cure \'\' 201 Sudorific Powders ' *. * 35.3 354 Suffocation 887* 406 Sweats, Night. To Relieve.'.'. ..'.....' 75 Sweating Preparations 98, 353 Swellings, To Scatter 164 Swellings To Reduce ' 165 Swimming, The Art of .'394 Sweeny Liniment 482, 493 Syrups, To Make various Colors. ... 43 Syrups, Artificial, various Flavors, 44 Raspberry — Strawberry — Pine Apple—Sarsaparilla— Lemon . 44 Syrup, Soda, with or without a P^'ountain 44 Syrup, Cream Soda 45 Syrup, Cathartic \,,\ 96 T Tapeworm, Remedy for 144-147 Tanning, Blacking and Finish- -, *?S.... 4.52-456 Taming Horses, etc 490, 498 Tartar, To Remove 610 Taffy,To Make ;.""' 540 Tallow, To Cleanse 657 Teeth, To Extract without Pain. ' 161 Teething. 337,434-438 Tetter, To Cure i(j3 Tea, To Make "* 541 Temperaments, Various !' 354 Terms Used to Express the Prop- erties of Medicines 355-357 Temperance 413 Tempering Knives, Picks', etc. 467, 468 Tendons, Contraction of 499 Technical Terms, Explanation -,, of 607-617 Thrush 826 Thumb, Dislocated .'."."!'" 385 Tinning, Iron, To Solder 472 Tmning Copper 472 Tinning Flux 473 Tinning, Superior Process \\ 475 Tinware, To Mend 563 Tin, Muriate of 593 Tire, To Keep on Wheel '..'.'.'.'. 563 Tic Doloreaux 244 Tinctures, To Make ..,.*.* ** 162 Tincture of Blood-Root ' 96 Tomato, Cultivation of .'.* 56 Tomato as Food ' 56 Tomatoes as Food for CatCle! ',*."" 57 Toothache Remedies. . J58-162, 277' 278 Tooth Wash 161, 278, 517 Tooth Powder. 162, 278, 510 Tonic Wine Tincture 74 Tonic, Stimulating 79-80 Tonic Bitters f gg Tonsils, Enlarged, To Cure 94 Tongue, Tied, To Remove ." " 326 Toast, To Maice "5^0 Toilet, Boman Lady's "' 515 Toilet, Young Lady's 51=; Tripe, To Piclile 46 Truss Springs, To Make ' 470 Typhus Fever, To Prevent Infeci tion 97 Typhus Fever \'.,\\\\\\\\ 'ZiZ TJ Ulcer, Treatment of 276 Urine, Suppression of.... . '*' 277 Urine,Bloody 276 Urine. Hot, Scalding ' ' " " 276 Urine, Involuntary 275 Urinary Decoction 277 Uterine Hemorrhage %\ Uterus, Inversion of. .'.'.*.".' 307 Vapors— Low Spirits 279 280 Vapor Bath '286 Vaccination ^^)n Varnish, Biack, for Shoes! .*.' 4.59 Varnish for Harness 452 Varnish for Iron 4,,6 Varnish, Black .' 471 Varnish auu Polish 475 Varnishes. •;.;; '^i 503 Vermifuge Lozenges.. . . 149 Vermifuge Oil 143 Velvet, Flushed, To Restore. . . .".'. ' " 552 Vinegar, To Make, Eight Pro- cesses 25 3i Vinegar Generator 28 Vinfgar, Cheaj and Good. '.'. 79 Vomiting, To Stop "'278 "W Water, Ice— Raspberry— Orange. ... 67 Water, Ice-Strav/berry— Lemon . . 67 Water Brash, To Cure 9K.i Water Farcey ;:*'"" ^^ Waters, Medicated "' c^j> Water, To Purify i^d Water, To Sol ten s^o Water Filter 563 Warts, To Cure Jos; 284 Warts on Hor.'-es 4Qfi Walking .; J^g Washing Made Easy !.* "5*17' 553 Washing Bed Clothes '553 Washing P'luid '" 554 Wens ToCure.. 165, 286 Weather, Signs of 533 Weather and Blood " 412 Weaning 440 Wettingthe Bed 449 Welding Iron 466 Am Welding. To Prevent............ ' 468 Weeds, To Destroy "564 Weights for Bushel of Grain 588 Whooping Cough • 149, 318 White Swellings osi Whites, The ;... '.V, m, 309 H General Index. Whitewash, To Make 569 Wind in the Stomach 286 Wines— Currant, Cherry, etc. 64, 65, 62 "Wines, Rhubarb or Patent 65 Wine, Tomato 66 Wine, White Currant — Ginger 67 Wine, Blackberry 68, 62 Wine,Port 58 Wlue, Cider and Grape, 51) Wine, Coloring for 60 Wine, Apple 62 Wine, To Bottle and Fine 68 Wine, Febrifuge 74 Wine Tincture, Tonic 74 Worm Tea 144 Worm Cake 144 Worms, Remedies for 881, 283 Worm Fever 282 Worm Seeds— Syrup 883 Worm Powders 353 Worms in Horses 497 Wounds, Treatment of 283, 386 Wounds, Balsam for 486, 498 Wool, To Cleanse 692 Womb, Diseases of 303-310 Womb, Inflammation of 303 Womb, Retroversion of. 308 Womb, Polypi of 308 Womb, Dropsy of 308 IT Yarrow, Properties of 283 Yeast, Hop 53 Yeast, Bakers' 53 Yeast. Jug, without Yeast to Start with 53 Yeast Cake 54, 524 Yeast, Potato,... 540 Yellow Fever, Treatment of 283 Yellow Doclc, Properties of. 355 Yellow Water, Horses 495 INDEX TO DEPARTMENTS. Merchants' and Grocers' 35-40 Saloou 41-61 Saloon— Appendix 62- 70 Medical... 71-183 Medical— Appendix 184-450 Accidents and Emergencies... 384-407 Rules for Preservation of Health 408-421 Advice to Mottiers 422-450 Tanners, Shoe and Harness Makers' 451-456 Pain ters' 457-464 Blacksmiths' 465-470 Tinners' 471-473 Gunsmiths' 474-475 Jewellers' 476-477 Farriers' 478-491 Farriers'— Appendix 492-499 Cabinet Makers' 600-503 Barbers' and Toilet 604-508 Barbers' and Toilet — Appendix 509-517 Bakers' and Cooking 518-532 Bakers' and Cooking — Appen- dix 533-553 Hints on Housekeeping 512-553 Miscellaneous 554-581 Miscellaneous— Appendix ..... 582-588 Coloring , 5!>0-595 Coloring— Appendix 596-600 Interest 601-606 Glossorial • 607-617 Hints upon Etiquette and Per- sonal Manners 617-627 Amusements and Indoor Games 628-638 Bee-Keeping 639-648 ♦ ♦♦ INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. Author's Portrait 1 Apparatus for Supporting Lame Animals 486 Courier Steam Printing House 2 Dislocated Shoulder 402 Drone Bee 641 Form of Lettering Door Plate 461 Inlialer ...... 348 Match Splitting Machine 573 Lep:, in Dislocated Hip 403 Miller and Worm 646 Movable Comb Hive 644 Name and Situation of External parts of a Horse 478 Ovaries of Queen Bee 640 Painters Sanding Apparatus 458 Queen Bee 639 Reducing Dislocated Shoulder 402 Reducing Dislocated Jaw 404 Salve and Lozenge Apparatus — 141 Shilling Battery 473 Section of Comb, Showing Honey, Bee-Bread, Brood and Queen Cells 640 Truss Spring 470 Michigan University HalU. 8 Vinegar Generator 28 Worker Bee 641 DR. CHASKS RECIPES. MERCHANTS' AND GROCERS' DEPARTMENT. VINEGAR. — Merchants and grocers who retail vinegar sliould always have it made under their own eye, if possible, from the fact that so many unprincipled men enter into its manufacture, as it atfords such a large profit. And I would further remark, that there is hardly any article of domestic use, upon which the mass of the people have as little correct information as upon the subject of making vinegar. I shall be brief in my remarks upon the different points of the subject, yet I shall give all the knowledge necessary, that families, or those wishing to manufacture, maybe able to have the best article, and at moderate figures. Remember this fact — that vinegar must have air as well as warmth, and especially is this necessary if you desire to make it in a short space of time. And if at any time it seems to be " Dying," as is usually called, add molasses, sugar, alcohol, or cider — whichever article you are making from, or prefer — for vinegar is an industrious fellow ; he will either work or die, and when he begins to die you may know he has worked up all the material in his shop, and wants more. Remember this in all vinegars, and they will never die, if they have air. First, then, upon a small scale, for familj^ use: To Make in Three Weeks.— Molasses, 1 qt. ; yeast, 1 pt. ; warm rain water, 3 gals. Put all into a jug or keg, and tie a piece of gauze over the bung to keep out flies and let in air. In hot weather set it in the sun; in cold weather set it by the stove or in the chimney-corner, and in three weeks you will have good vinegar. When this is getting low, pour out some for use, and fill up the jug in the proportion as at first, and you will never have trouble for want of good vinegar. 2. A correspondent of the Dollar Newspaper says: * ' The cheapest mode of making good vinegar is to mix 5 qts. of warm rain water with two qts. of Orleans molasses, and 4 qts of yeast. In a few weeks you will have the best vinegar j^ou ever tasted." He might well say " The best vinegar you ever tasted," for it would have double the necessary 2 26 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. strength, and three or four times the strength of much that is sold; yet this strength would cost less to make, than to buj'- by the quart. 3. In Barrels, Without Trouble.— Merchants and grocers, who retail vinegar, can always keep a good supply on hand by having about two or three barrels out of which to sell, by tilling the first one they sell out, before quite empty, with Molasses, 1 gal. ; soft water 11 gals. Keeping this proportion to filJ the barrel ; the vinegar, and mother which is left in tlie barrel, makes it work mucli quicker than if put into empty barrels; so pass around to the next barrel as it is nearly out, having tliree barrels, and unless you sell more than a barrel a week, you need never be out of vinegar. Some recommend to use alum, cream-of-tartar, etc., in vinegar, but /say never. It is always advisable to have a liole in the top of the barrel, if standing on end ; if on the side, the bung out and a gauze over it, to keep out flies and let air in. 4. From Sugar, Drippings from Sugar Hogsheads, etc. — Dealers who retail molasses, often have from five to fifty pounds of sugar left in the barrel after selling out the molasses. Each pound of tliis, or other sugar, dissolved in two gallons of soft water, makes that amount of good vinegar by either of the above plans. Rinsings of molasses barrels or drippings of sugar hogsheads, brought to this degree of sweetness, is as good for vinegar as any other material. Small beer, lager beer, ale, etc., which have become sour, make good vinegar by reducing with water; small beer v/ill need but little water; lager beer will need as much water as beer, or a little more; and ale, twice as much water as ale; they will all need yeast, a quart or two to each barrel, unless put into barrels which have some vinegar in them, and it will do no harm, but quicken the process in all cases, if there is vinegar in the barrel. 5. From Acetic Acid and Molasse§.— Acetic acid, 4 lbs. ; molasses, 1 gal, ; put them into a 40 gallon cask, and fill it up with rainwater; shake it up and let stand from one to three weeks, and the result is good vinegar. If this does not make it as sharp as you like, add a little more molasses. But some will object to this because an acid is used; let me say to such, that acetic acid is concentrated vinegar. Take one lb. or one pt., or any other quantity of this acid, and add seven times as much soft water, and you have just as good vinegar as can be made from cider and that instantaneously. 6. From Apple Cider. — As there are those who will not have any but cider vinegar, and have plenty of cider out of which to make it, I will give 3^ou the best plan of proceeding, for manufacturers: Have a room where it will not freeze; place on end as many barrels or large casks, without heads, to hold as much as you wish to Merchants'* and Grocers^ Department, 27 make ; fill these one-third full of soft water, and the other two-thirds with apple cider; yeast, 2 qts. to each cask. In a few weeks you will have good vinegar; without the yeast it would be all the season in becoming good. Then fill up into barrels for sale, leaving a little, say one-eighth, in the open barrels, and fill them up with water and cider as before, and it will become good much quicker tlian before. If the water is objected to, use the cider without it, but pure cider makes vinegar too strong for any one to use, and requires much longer time in making. Tiiese barrels may have boards over them to keep out flies and dirt. If the retailer can give it his attention, by having a barrel of good cider vinegar to sell out of, he can always keep it up, if, when he draws out two or three gallons of the vinegar, he will go to his cider, kept for the purpose, and replace the vinegar with the cider; or, if making with molasses and water or any other article, fill up with the same; but take notice, if you forget or neglect, and draw your vinegar nearly all out before you fill in, it does not keep to the point of sharpness desired, unless you have two or three barrels as mentioned in recipe Xo. 3. Persons who have old sour cider on hand can in this way, or as mentioned in No. G, have good vinegar from it immediately, as it comes around into vinegar much quicker than new cider. 7. In Three Days Without Drugs. — The philosophy of making vinegar quickly, is this: The means that will expose the largest surf ace of the vinegar fluid, of a certain temperature, to the air, will convert it into vinegar in the shortest time; and as there is no way by which so great a surface can be exposed ashy the shavings process and at the same time control the temperature, that plan has been adopted as explained in the wood-cut on the next page, and in the descriptive note: Descriptive !N"ote. — Those wishing to manufacture, to sell at wholesale, will prepare a tub, or square box, and arrange it as shown in the accompanying cut, knowing that the taller and larger the tub, the quicker will the vinegar become good. The air holes are bored tlirough every other, or every third stave, around the whole tub. These holes are to be about one foot or eighteen inches from the bottom; they must also be bored slanting down as you bore inward, otherwise the vinegar would run out and waste as it drips down the side or of the tub. These tubs ought to be from ten to twenty feet high, according to the quantity yon desire to run off daily. Now take beech, maple or basswood boards — and they are valuable in the order named — cut them off about eighteen inches in length, and plane thick, heavy shavings from the edges; and if they do not roll up and stay in nice rolls, you must roll and tie them up with small cord; or clean corn cobs will do, but they will only last one season, whilst the shavings will last several years. If cobs are used, they must be put in lav.-^'-s 28 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. each layer crossing the other, to prevent their packin<^ too close. Then wet or soak them thoroughly in water, and fill up the tub or tubs with them, until you are within two or three feet of the top, at which place you will nail a stout hoop around, upon the inside of the tub, which shall support tlie false top, whicli has been made and fitted for that purpose, tlirougli which false top you will have bored good sized gimlet holes about every two inclies all over its whole surface, through eacli of wliich holes a small cord, about four or five inches in length, is to be drawn, having a knot tied upon its upper end to keep it in its place, and to prevent the vinegar fluid from working out too fast. The size of these holes, and the size of the cord, must be such as to allow the amount of vinegar being made to run through every twelve hours; or, if time can be given to put it up so often, it may run througii ever^^six hours. You will cork all around between the false top and the tub with cotton, which ciusos the vlnegar-fiuid, liereafter to be described, to pass through the gimlet holes and drip from the ends of the small cords, evenly, all over the shavings, otherwise, if the false top was not exactly level, the vinegar fluid would all run off" at the lowest point, down the side of the tub, and be a very long time in becoming good, whilst if it drips slowly and all over and down through the shavings, it soon comes around into good vinegar. The holes Main cover, or loose boards Vinegar fluid space False lop, with tubes ; and cords hanging through it Center portion of the tub, which should be filled with tlie shavings to within an inch or two of the false top Holes to let in air The square projections on the side of the Generator represent hoops. Vinegar Generator. bored for tliat purpose, in warm weather oxidizes or acetifies the vinegar-fluid, by aflbrding the two essential points of quickly making good vinegar, that is air and heat, without the expense of a fire to warm the fluid, or room in which the vinegar is made. Now bore five one-inch holes thi-ough the false top, one of them through the center, raid the olhcr two-thirds of the distance each way, towards the outside Merchants* and Grocers* Department. 29 of the tub, into which holes drive as many pins, having a three-quarter incli hole bored througli them lengthwise, whicli makes them tubes; cut the tubes oif an inch below tlie top of the tub, so as to be out of the way of the main cover or loose boards which will be thrown over the top of the tub for the purpose of keeping out liies and dirt, and also to keep the heated air in, which comes up through the tubes; this air becomes heated by the chemical action of the air upon the vinegar fluid as it drips along down through the shavings in the tub, becoming so hot that it would be uncomfortable to hold the hand therein. Tlie space between the false top and cover is called the vinegar-fluid space, and it must be sufficiently tight in the joints of the tub, or box, to hold the fluid when put in. Now take a barrel of good vinegar and pour it into the top of the tub, and let it drip through the gimlet holes, from the cords, over the shavings, two or three times, each time putting on one gallon of highwines, or two or three gallons of cider, as the case may be, which sours tlie shavings and greatly helps the starting process of the vinegar-making. Without the addition to the strength of the vinegar as it runs through, it would part with nearly all of its own strength or acidity to the shavings, and thus lose its own life. If you have not, and cannot obtain, vinegar, to start with, you must begin with weak vinegar-fluid, and keep adding to it every time through until it becomes very sour; then you will consider yourself ready to begin to make vinegar in double quick time, by using any of the fluids mentioned in the foregoing vinegar recipes. But manufac- turers generally use highwines, thirty to forty per cent, above proof, one gallon; water, eleven gallons; but persons living a great distance from market will And a cheaper plan by using ninety-eight per cent, alcohol, one gallon ; water, fifteen gallons ; either of which makes good vinegar, using yeast of course, with either article, from one pint to one quitf-tto each barrel being made. Another tub or vat must be set in the ground, under the generator, or in a cellar, as the case m:iy be, to hold as much vinegar as the space between the false and roal top will contain, or as mucli us you wish to make at one time; from which it is to be carried up in buckets, (or a wooden pump having a leather sucker is quicker and easier to raise it,) to the top of the generator until it becomes good vinegar, which it will do in the time mentioned at the head of this recipe, if passed through the generator by the faucet every twelve hours which it must be; and if the tubs are fifteen or twenty feet high, it will onl}^ need passing througli once, or twlr,^ at most. Some will have no' vinegar but that made from apple cider ; then put in one-third water, and it makes vinegar as strong as anybody ought to use ; but if they will have it at full strength, make it so, only it requires a little longer time to make. If those who have cider which has been standing a long time, ai^4 30 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. does not become vinegar, will reduce it one-third with water^, and pass it through this machine, they will grind out first rate vinegar in one or two day's time. Sour beer or ale, the artificial cider, also, if it gets sour, make good vinegar, when mixed with some other vinegar in making. Small beer, also drippings from sugar hogsheads in place of molasses, &c. Nothing having sugar or alcohol in it should be thrown away, as it will make good vinegar, which is as good as cash, and ought to be saved — if for no otlier puri)ose than to have more to give the worthy poor. It was at first thought to be absolutely necessary to make the vinegar-fluid of about seventj^-five degrees of heat, and also to keep the room of the same temperature; but it has been found that by keeping the heat in the tub by the false top and the loose cover, that in warm weather it does very well without heating up the fluid, although it would make a little quicker with it ; and if desired to make in cold weather, you must heat the fluid and keep the room warm also. If families choose to try this plan, they can make all they will need in a keg not larger than a common churn, whilst wholesalers will use tubs as tall as their rooms will admit. The first merchant to whom I sold this recipe made all the vinegar he could retail by placing strips of board across the center of a whisky barrel which supported the shavings in the upper half only, allowing the vinegar to stand in the lower half ; as his room was so low, he could only use the one barrel and a wash-tub at the top, instead of the false top and space as represented in our cut ; it took him only a week to make it in this way. I used the vinegar over a year. Tlie strength of the fluid he used was good common whisky, one gal. ; water, four gals. So it will be seen that all kinds of spirit, or articles containing spirit, can be made into vinegar. Remark. — If you wish to make sugar into vinegar, do not attempt to run it through the generator^ as it forms mother in that way, and soon tills up the little holes ; but make it by standing in a barrel, as mentioned under that head, No. 4. 8. Quick Process, by Standing upon Sliayiugs. — Take 4 or 5 hogsheads or casks, and set them side by side, having a faucet near the bottom ; then fill up the casks full of shavings prepared as in the foregoing recipe, or clean corn-cobs, putting some turning shavings over the top, after having put on an old coffee sack to keep the fine shavings from falling down among the coarse ones ; this is to keep in the warmth; now sour the shavings with the best vinegar, by throwing it on the shavings and letting it stand half a day or so; then draw off by the faucet at the bottom, and throw it on again, adding 1 qt. of high wines to each barrel each time you draw it olY, as the shavings absorb the acid, and tlie vinegar would become flat, but by adding the Merchants' and Grocers' Departtnent. 31 spirits the shavings become soured or acetified, and the vinegar gets better also. "When the shavings are right take highwines, 30 or 40 per cent above proof, 1 gal. ; molasses, 1 qt. ; soft water, 14 gals. ; (river or well water will do, but not as good for any vinegar) and put it upon the shavings, and draw otf and put on again from one to three times daily, until sufficiently sour to barrel up. Mr. Jackson, a grocer, of Jackon, Michigan, has been making in this way for several years. He uses, also, sour ale, rinsings of sugar hogsheads, or the drippings, and throws this fluid on the shavings, and draws off and returns from 1 to 3 times each day until sufficiently sour to barrel up, which only requires a few drawings ; he then fills his barrels only two-thirds full, and leaves the bungs out summer and winter, and if he finds a barrel is getting weak in strength, he puts in a quart of highwines, which.recruits the strengtli, or gives it work again, which, as I remarked before, if you give him stock to work on, and air, he labors — without both, he dies. Bear this in mind, and your vinegar will improve all the time, no matter how, or of what it is made. He fills the tubs ouly one-third or one-half full when making, does not heat, but uses yeast, and only works them in warm weather and in winter fills the tubs with good vinegar, and lets them stand over until spring, when they are ready for worlc again. This man, with five casks tlius managed, has sold over three hundred barrels of vinegar in one season. It might not be amiss, in closing i\\\&long subject, to say that when you have no vinegar to begin with in either of the processes, that if you commence with the fluid quite weak at first it begins to sour quicker than if begun with at full strength, then as it begins to become sour, add more of tlie spirit, cider, sugar, or molasses, &c., until you get the desired point of strength. So you might go on until a swallow of it would strangle a man to death, and remove every particle of skin from his throat. BUTTER.— To Preserve any Length of Time.— First— \^rk out all the buttermilk. Second — use rock salt. Third — pack in air tight jars or cans. Fourth— keep in a cool place, and you will have nice butter for years, if desired to keep so long. A short recipe, but it makes long butter. Merchants who take in more butter than they can sell during the warm months, can put it into jars and cover the jar with about half an inch of lard over the top of the butter, and place it in the cellar; or they can put about an inch or two of brine in place of the lard, and hnve it do well, first working out all the buttermilk which may remain, when brought in. It would be better for them to have their regular custom- ers to furnish them butter, to wliom they furnisli the right kind of salt, as the rock, or crystal salt does not contain so much lime as the common, which is evaporated by artificial heat. Let sugar, and salt- 32 Dr, Chasers Recipes, petre, and all other -peters^ alone, if you wish good butter, either for present use or long keeping. 2. Making— Directions for Dairymen.— If butter makers or dairymen, will use only shallow pans for their milk — and the larger the surface, and the less the depth of the milk the better— then put into each pan, before straining, 1 qt. of cold spring water to every three quarts of milk, they will find the cream will begin to rise immediately, and skim every twelve hours, the butter will be free from all strong taste arising from leaves, or coarse pasturage. It is a fact, also, that high or upland makes better butter than when the cows are kept on rich bottom pasturage. The object of the cold water is double; it cools the milk, so that the cream rises before the milk sours, (for when milk becomes sour it furnishes no more cream,) and also improves the flavor. 3. Storing— The (Illinois) Prairie Farmer's Method.— First, work the buttermilk carefully from the butter; then pack it closely in jars, laying a thin cloth on top of the butter, then a thin layer of salt upon tlie cloth ; now have a dry cellar, or make it so by draining, and dig a hole in the bottom of it for each jar, packing the dirt closely and tightly around the jar, allowing the tops of the jars to stand only an inch or so above the top of the cellar bottom ; now place a board with a weight upon each jar to prevent removing by accident, and all is safe. Merchants who are buying in butter, should keep each different lot separate by using tho thin cloth and salt, then another cloth over the salt before putting in another lot, for mixed butter will soon spoil, besides not selling as well, and finally cover the top as before described. If kegs or barrels are used, the outside must be as well painted as possible to prevent outside tastes, and also to preserve the wood. FRUITS TO KEEP— Without Loss of Color or Flavor.— To each pound of resin, put in one oz. of tallow, and 1 oz. of beeswax. Melt them slowly over the fire in an iron kettle, and be careful and not let it boil. Take the fruit separately and rub it over with whiting or fine chalk (to prevent the coating from adhering to the fruit,) then dip into the solution once and hold it up a moment to set the coating; then pack awrv carefully in barrels or boxes in a cool place. Wlien you dip orangjs or lemons, loop a thread around to hold them; for pears or apples insert a poiuted stick to hold them by; then cut it off with a pair of sharp, heavy shears. Oranges or lemons cannot be put in boxes, but must be placed on shelves, as the accumulated weigiit would mash them down. It is now a well-established fact that articles put up scientifically air tight, may be kept fresh and fair for any length of time, or until wanted for use. This composition makes good sealing for air-tight Merchants' and Grocers' Department, 33 cans or bottles, pouring it around tlie top of the can cover, and dipping the neck of the bottle into it. A patent has been secured for a compo- sition for preserving fruit, of different proportions, however, from the foregoing, but the agent, at the Ohio State Fair in 1859, had such poor success at selling rights at three dollars that he reduced the price to twenty-five cents, and still but few would take hold of it, so that I think that not much more will be done with the patent. I purchased twenty recipes for one dollar, but finding his composition to stick together and tear off pieces wherever they touched each other, I went to work to improve it as above. The patented proportions are, resin, 5 lbs.; lard or tallow, 8 oz., beeswax, 4 oz. The patentee is John K. Jenkins, of Wyoming, Pa., and the patent was issued December 8, 1858. It does not work well on peaches or other juicy garden fruits. EGrGS — To Preserve for Winter Use. — For every three gallons of water, put in one pt. of fresh slaked lime, and common salt, %. Pt- \ mix well, and let the barrel be about half full of this fluid, then with a dish let down your fresh eggs into it, tipping the dish after it fills with water, so they roll out without cracking the shell, for if the shell is cracked the ^ tea- spoons) of rain water, dissolve 20 grs. of gum arabic. When the gum is dissolved put in the same vial also 22 grs. of carbonate of soda, (sal-soda.) When all is well dissolved, mix both vials, or their contents, and place the vial containing the mixture in a basin of water, and boil for several minutes, or until a black compound is the result. "When cold it is ready for use. Have the linen or other goods starched and ironed, and perfectly dry; then write with a quill pen. If twice the amount is made at a time it will not cost any more, as the expense is only from tlie trouble of weighing, so little is used of the materials. Soft soap and boiling cannot efface it, nor years of wear. Use onlj'' glass vessels. 6. Powder — Black. — Sulphate of copper, 1 dr. ; gum arabic, J^ oz.; copperas 1 07. ; nutgalls and extract of logwood 4 ozs. each; all to be pulverized and evenly mixed. — Scientific American. About one oz. of the mixture will be required to each pint of boiling water used. It will be found a valuable color for boot, shoe or harness-edge, also. It should stand a couple of weeks before using, or it nvAj be steeped a few hours if needed sooner. HONEYS.— Artificial Cuba Honey.— Good brown sugar, 10 lbs.; water, 1 qt. ; old bee-bread honey in the comb, 2 lbs. ; cream of tartar, 1 tea-spoon; gum-arabic, 1 oz.; oil of peppermint, 3 drops; oil of rose, 2 drops. Mix and boil 2 or 3 minutes, and have ready 1 qt. more of water in which an ^gg is put Avell beat up; pour it in, and as it begins to boil, skim well, remove from the Are, and when a little cool, add 2 lbs. of nice bees' honey, and strain. This is really a nice article, looking and tasting like honey. It has been shipped in large quantities luider the name of "Cuba Honey." It will keep any length of time as nice and fresh as when first made, if sealed up. Some persons use a table-spoon of slippery elm bark in this amount, but it will ferment in warm weather, and rise to the top, requiring to be skimmed off. If it is to be used only for eating piu'poses, the cream -of-tartar and gum-arabic may be left out, also the old bee-bread honey, substituting for it another pound of nice honey. Merchants' and Grocers' Department, 39 2. Domestic Honey. — Coffee sujrar, 10 lbs. ; water, 3 lbs. ; cream- of-taitar, 2 ozs. ; strong vinegar, 2 table-spoons; the white of one ^%% well beaten; bees' honey, j^lb. ; Lubin's extract of honeysuckle, 10 drops. First put the sugar and water into a suitable kettle and place upon the lire; and when luke-warni stir in the cream-of-tartar, and vine- gar; then continue to add the ^%g\ and when the sugar is nearly melted put in the honey and stir until it comes to a boil, take it off, let It stand a few minutes, then strain, adding the extract of honeysuckle last, let stand over uight, and it is ready for use. This resembles candied honey, and is a nice thing. 3. Excellent Honey. — An article suitable for every-day use is made as follows: Good common sugar, 5 lbs.; water, 1 qt. ; gradually bring it to a boil, skimming well; when cool, add 1 lb. bees' honey and 4 drops of peppermint essence. If you desire a better article, use white sugar and one-half pint less water and one-half pound more honey. If it is desired to give it the ropy appearance of bees' honey, put into tlie water one- fourth ounce of alum. 4. Premium Honey. — Common sugar, 4 lbs. ; water, 1 pt. ; let them come to a boil, and skim; then add pulverized alum, 14 ^^-i remove from the lire and stir in cream-of-tartar, 3^ oz. ; and water or extract of rose, 1 table-spoon, and it is fit for use. This took the premium at the Ohio State Fair. We use the recipes for common sugar and the one using Lubin's extract of honeysuckle, and desire nothing better, JELLIES. — Witliont Fruit. — Take water, 1 pt., and add to it pulverized alum, ^^ oz,, and boil a minute or two; then add 4 lbs. of white crushed or coffee sugar, continue the boiling a little, strain while hot ; and when cold put in half of a two shilling bottle of extract of vanilla, strawberry, or lemon, or any other flavor you desire for jelly. This will make a jelly so much resembling that made from the juice of the fruit that any one will be astonished, and when fruit can not be got, it will take its place admirably. I have had neighbors eat of it and be perfectly astonished at its beauty and palatableness. BAKING POWDERS.— Without Drugs Baking soda, 6 ozs,; cream-of-tartar, 8 ozs,; first dry them from all dampness by putting them on a paper and placing them in the oven for a short time, then mix and keep dry, in bottles or boxes. The proper amount of this will be about one tea-spoon to each quart of flour being baked. Mix with cold water, and bake immediate ly. This contains none of the drugs generally used for baking pow- ders ; it is easy made, and does not cost over half as much as to buy them already made. This makes biscuit very nice without milk or shorten- 40 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, ing. Yet if milk is used, of course it would be that much richer. The main object of baking powders is for those who are " keeping batch," as it is called, or for those who are far from civilized conveniences, and for those who prefer this kind of bread or biscuit to that raised with yeast or sour milk and saleratus. I stand among the latter class. MOUTH GLUE.— For Torn Paper, Notes, &c.— Any quantity of glue may be used, with sugar, only half as much as of the glue. First dissolve the glue in water, and carefully evaporate as much of the water as you can without burning the glue; then add the sugar; if desired to have a very nice article, use gelatine in place of the glue, and treat in the same manner; when the sugar is dissolved in the glue pour it into moulds or a pan and cut it into squares, for convenience, before it gets too hard. This dissolves very quickly by placing the edge of a piece in the mouth, and is not unpleasant to the taste, and is very handy for office or house use. Use to stick together torn bills, paper, etc., by softening the edge of a piece, as above, then touching the parts therewith and pressing together for a moment only. SALOON DEPARTMENT. EEMARKS. — If saloon keepers and grocers, who deal in wine, beer, cider, etc., 'vvill follow our directions here, and make some of the following articles, they, and their customers, will be better pleased than by purchasing the spurious articles of the day; and families will find them equally applicable to their own use. And although we start with an artificial cider, yet it is as healthy, and is more properly a small beer, which it should be called, but from its close resemblance to cider, in taste, it has been so named. CIDERS. — Artificial, or Cider Without Apples. — To cold water, 1 gal., put dark brown sugar, 1 lb. ; tartaric acid, 3^ oz. ; yeast, 3 table- spoons, and keep these proportions for any amount desired to make; shake it well together. Make it in the evening and it will be fit for use the next day. I make in a keg a few gallons at a time, leaving a few quarts to make into next time — not using yeast again until the keg needs rinsing. If it gets a little sour make more into it. In hot weather draw in a pitcher with ice ; or if your sales are slow, bottle it and keep in a cool cellar according to the next recipe. 2. To Bottle.— If it is desired to bottle this artificial cider by manufacturers of small drinks, you will proceed as follows: Put into a barrel hot water, 5 gals. ; brown sugar, 30 lbs. ; tartaric acid, % lb.; cold water, 25 gals.; hop or brewers' yeast, 3 pts. ; work the yeast into a paste with flour, ^ lb. ; shake or stir all well together; fill the barrel full, and let it work 24 to 48 hours; or until the yeast is done working out at the bung, by having put in a little sweetened water occasionally to keep the barrel full. "When it has worked clear, bottle, putting in two or three broken raisins to each bottle, and it will nearly equal champagne. Let the bottles lie in a cool place on the side — (observe also' this plan of laying the bottles upon the side, in putting away apple cider or wine) — but if it is only for your own retail trade, you can make as follows in the next recipe, and have it keep until a barrel is retailed. The first recipe will last only three or four days in hot weather, and about two weeks iu winter. 42 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 3. In Barrels for Lon^ Keeping.— If retailers wish to keep this cider with the least possible loss of time, or families for their own drink or for the harvest field, proceed as follows: Place in a keg or barrel, cold water, 20 gals., brown sugar, 15 lbs. and tartaric acid, 3^ lb. only, not using any yeast, but if you have them, put in 2 or 3 lbs. dried sour apples, or boil them and pour in the expressed juice; without the yeast it will keep, in a cool cellar, for several weeks, even in summer. The darker the sugar the more natural will be the color of the cider. Dr. O. B. Reed, of Belle Eiver, Mich., with whom I read medicine, drank freely, while sick with bilious fever, knowing its composition, and recommended it to his patients as soon as he got out amongst them again, as a drink that would allay thirst, with the least amount of fluid, of anything with whicli he was acquainted. But some will prefer Prof. Hufeland's drink for Fever Patients, which see. 4. Apple Cider, to Keep Sweet, with but Trifling Expense. — Two tilings are absolutely necessary to preserve cider in a palatable state for any considerable time; that is, to clear it of pomace, and then to keep it in a cool place, and the cooler the place the better. And then if kept air-tight, by bottling, it is also better, but farmers cannot take the time nor expense of bottling. Some persons leach it through charcoal, and others boil, or rather scald and skim, to get clear of the pomace. In the lirst place, cider that is designed to keep over winter, should be made from ripe, sounds sou?' apples only, and consequently it will be getting cool weather, and less likely to ferment. Then when made : Stand in open casks or barrels, and put into each barrel about 1 pt. each of hickory, (if you have them; if not, other hard wood,) ashes and fresh slaked lime; stir the ashes and lime first into 1 qt. of new milk; then stir into the cider. It will cause all the i^omace to rise to the surface, from which you can skim it as it rises, or you can let it remain about 10 hours, then draw off by a faucet near the bot- tom, through a strainer, to avoid the hardened pomace. It is now ready for bottling, or barreling, if too much trouble to bottle. If 3'ou barrel it, it has been found essential to sulphur the barrel. The sulphuring is done by dipping cotton cloth into melted sulphur, and drying it; then cutting into strips about two by six inches. Put about three gallons of cider into the barrel; fire one end of the strip of the sulphured cloth, and introduce it into the bung- hole, and hold it by means of the bung, giving it air sufficient to let it burn, keeping the smoke in as it burns, when you will push the bung in tight and shake the barrel until the sulphur-gas is absorbed into the cider; then fill up the barrel with cider, and if not already in the cel- lar, place it there, and you have accomplished the two points first epoken of. If the above plan is too much labor, get oil barrels, if Saloon Department. 43 possible, to keep j^our cider in, (as vinegar can scarcely be made in an oil barrel,) the oil coming out a little and forming an air-tight coat on the top of the cider in the barrel; or, 5. Make your cider late in the fall, and when made, put into each barrel, immediately, ground mustard, 3^ lb,; salt, 2 oz.; pulver- ized chalk, 2 oz ; stir them up in a little of the cider, then pour into the barrel, and shake well. I have drank cider, kept in this way, in August, which was made in early spring; it was very nice. 6. I have had cider keep very nice, also, by keeping in a cool cellar, and jiutting into each barrel: Mustard seed, 2 oz. ; allspice, 2 oz.; sweet oil, }4. Pt-, and alcohol, 1 pt. only. Always ship your cider, if you have cider to ship, late in the fall, or early in spring, for if taken out of a cool cellar in hot weather it is sure to start fermentation. If wanted for medicine, proceed as in the following recipe: 7o To Prepare for Medicine.— To each barrel of cider just pressed from ripe, sour apples, not watered: Take mustard seed, unground, 1 lb.; isinglass, 1 oz. ; alum, pul- verized, 1 oz. ; put all into tlie barrel, leave the bung out, and shake or stir once a day for four days, then take new milk, 1 qt., and half a dozen eggs, beat well together, and put them into the cider and stir or shake again, as before, for 2 days; then let it settle until you see that it is clear, and draw off by a faucet. And if you wish to use in place of wine, in medicine, put it into bottles; but if designed foi family use, you can barrel it, bunging it tight, and keep cool, of course, and you will have a 'eery nice article, if tlie cider was not made too near a well, or running stream of water; but it is found that if made too near these, the cider does not keep. Judge ye why? In some parts of England, by using only ripe, sound apples, let- ting it work clear, racking off about twice, bottling, etc., etc., cider is kept from twenty to thirty years. When cider is drawn off and bottled, it should not be corked until the next day after tilling the bottles, as many of them will burst. Then lay on the side. SYRUPS.— To Make the Various Colors.— Powder cochineal, 1 oz. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; boil the cochineal in the water for a few min- utes, using a copper kettle; while boiling, add 30 grs. of powdered alum, and 1 dr. of cream-of-tartar; when the coloring matter is all out of the cochineal, remove it from the fire, and when a little cool, strain, bottle and set aside for use. This gives a beautiful red, and is used in the strawberry syrups only. Colored rather deep in shade. Pine apple is left without color. Wintergreen is colored with tincture of camwood, (not deep.) Lemoia. 44 D^' Chase' s Recipes. and ginger with tincture of turmeric. See "Tinctures." The two last named syrups are not colored high — a light shade only. 2. Artificial, Various Flavors. — The ground- work of all syrups ought to be the same, i. e., simple syrup; to make it, take 23^ lbs. of the best coffee sugar, which is found not to crystalize, and water, 1 pt., or what is the same, 60 lbs. sugar, water, 3 gals. Dissolve the sugar in the water by hoiit, removing any scum that forms upon it, and strain while not. This can be kept in a barrel or keg, and is always ready to flavor, as desired. 3. Raspberry — Is made as follows: Take orris root, bruised, any quantity, say 3^ lb., and just hand- somely cover it with dilute alcohol, (76 per cent, alcohol, and water, equal quantities,) so that it cannot be made any stronger of the root. This is called the '" Saturated Tincture," and use sufficient of this tincture to give the desired or natural taste of the raspberry, from which it cauiiot be distinguished. 4. Strawberry — Flavor is as follows: The saturated tincture of orris, as above, 2 ozs., acetic ether, 2 drs. ; mix, and use sufficient to give the desired flavor — a very little only is required, in either case. 5. Pine Apple — Flavor is made by using, to suit the taste, of butyric-ether. If persons have any doubt of these facts, simply try them. Some think syrups even for fountains, charged with carbonic acid gas, that it is best to use about three-fourths oz. of tartaric acid to each gallon, but I prefer none unless the fountain is charged with the super-carbonate of soda, in which case it is necessary to use about three-fourths oz. of the acid to each pound of sugar. See "Soda Syrups." This above plan, for making simple syrup, is the true way of making all syrups; but some people think they must use more water, that the syrup may be cheaper. Others will object to using artiticial flavors. Oh ! they say: " I buy the genuine article." Then, just allow me to say, don't buy the syrups nor the extracts, for ninety-nine hun- dredths of them are not made from the fruit, but are artificial. Rather make your own, as given under the head of " Jams and Ex- tracts." For the more watery syrups, see " Soda Syrups." 6. Sarsaparilla— Is very nice as follows: Simple sja'up, as above, and nice golden syrup, equal quantities of each, and mix well; then use a few drops of oils of wintergreen and sassafras to each bottle, as used. The amounts for the desired flavors cannot be given exactly to suit every one, but all will wish different flavors, in some towns using very high flavor, and in others sufficient to perceive it merely. All will soon get a plan of their own, and like it better than that of oth- Saloon Depart7nent. 45 ers. This mixture of golden syrup makes the sarsaparilla a beautiful dark color without other colorinof. 7. Lemon Syrup, Common.— Was formerlj^ made by dissolving four pounds of crushed sugar in one quart of water, by boiling, and adding three ounces of tartaric acid and flavoring with the oil of lemon; but it is best made as follows: Cotfee sugar, 3 lbs. ; water, \% pts. ; dissolve by gentle heat, and add citric acid, 3 ozs., and flavor with oil or extract of lemon. See '* Extracts." §. Or a very nice lemon syrup is made as follows: Take citric acid in powder, 3^ oz. ; oil of lemon, 4 drops; simple syrup, 1 qt. Rub the acid and oil in three or four spoons of the syrup, then add the mixture to the remainder, and dissolve with gentle heat. Citric acid is not as likely to cause inflammation of the stomach as the tartaric, hence, its better adaptation to syrups calculated for drinks, and especially in disease. 9. Lemon Syrup— To Save the Loss of Lemons.— Where you have lemons that are spoiling or drying up, take the insldes which are yet sound, squeeze out the juice, and to each pint put Vy^ lbs. white sugar, and a little of the peel; boil a few minutes, strain and cork for use. This will not require any acid, and one-half tea-spoon of soda to three-fourths of a glass of water, with two or three table-spoons of syrup, makes a foaming glass. Some persons think they ought to put in water, but if water is added the syrup will not keep as well, and takes more of it. 10. Soda Syrup, With or Without Fountains.— The common or more watery syrups are made by using loaf or crushed sugar, 8 lbs. ; pure water, 1 gal.; gum arable, 2 ozs.; mix in a brass or copper ket- tle; boil until the gum is dissolved, then skim and strain through white flannel, after which add tartaric acid, h% ozs., dissolved in hot water; to flavor, use extract of lemon, orange, rose, pine-apple, peach, sarsaparilla, strawberry, etc, 1^ oz. to each bottle, or to your taste. Now use two or three table-spoons of the syrup to three-fourths of a tumbler of water and one-half tea-spoon of super-carbonate of soda, made fine; stir well and be ready to drink, or use the soda in water as mentioned in the " Imperial Cream N'ectar;" the gum arable, however, holds the carbonic acid so it will not fly off as rapidly as common soda. The above is to be used witliout fountains, that is, to make it up as used, in glasses, or for the cheaper fountains which have an ounce of super-carbonate of soda to the gallon of water; but for the fountains which are charged, in the cities, with carbonic acid gas, no acids are used in the syrups. 11. Cream Soda, Using Cow's Cream, for Fountains.— ll^ice loaf sugar, 5 lbs.; sweet rich cream, Iqt.; water, 1% gills; warm gradu- 46 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, ually so as not to burn; extract of vanilla, % oz. ; extract of nutmeg, Moz. Just bring to a boiling beat, for if you cook it any length of time it will crystalize; use four or five spoons of this syrup instead of three as in other syrups. If used without a fountain, tartaric acid one- quarter pound is added. The tendency of this syrup is to sour rather quicker than other syrups, but it is very nice while it lasts; and if only made in small quantities and kept cool, it more than pays for the trouble of making often. 12. Cream Soda, Without a Fountain.— Coifee sugar, 4 lbs.; water, 3 pts.; nutmegs, grated, 3 in number; whites of 10 eggs, well beaten; gum arable, 1 oz. ; oil of lemon, 20 drops, or extract equal to that amount. By using oils of other fruits you can make as many flavors from this as you desire, or prefer. Mix all and place over a gentle fire, and stir well about thirty minutes; remove from the fire, strain, and divide into two parts; into one-half put super-carbonate of soda, eight ounces; and into the other half put six ounces tartaric acid; shake well, and when cold they are ready to use, by pouring three or four spoons, from both parts, into separate glasses which are one-third full of cool water; stir each and pour together, and you have as nice a glass of cream soda as was ever drank, which can also be drank at your leisure, as the gum and eggs hold the gas. 13, Soda Water, Without a Machine for Bottling.— Tn each gal- lon of water to be used, carefully dissolve )^ lb. of crushed sugar, and 1 oz. of super-carbonate of soda; then fill half-pint bottles with this water, have your corks ready, now drop into each bottle i^ dr. of cit- ric acid in crystals, and immediately cork and tie down. These bottles must be handled carefully without shaking, and keep cool, until needed ; a little more or less sugar can be used, to suit the taste of difierent persons. OYSTER SOUP.— To each dozen or dish of oysters put i^ pt. of water; milk, 1 gill; butter, % oz. ; powdered crackers to thicken. Bring the oysters and water to a boil, then add the other ingredients previously mixed together, and boil from 3 to 5 minutes only. Each one will choose to add salt, pepper, etc., to their own taste. Keep about these proportions if you should have to cook for an oyster supper, for parties, etc. TRIPE.— To Prepare and Pickle.— First sew it up, after it is turned inside out; be careful to sew it up tight, that no lime gets into it ; now have a tub of lime-water, the consistency of good thick white- wash ; let it remain in from 10 to 20 minutes, or until when you take hold of it, the dark outside skin will come off; then put it into clean water, changing three or four times to weaken the lime, that the hands be not injured by it; then with a dull knife scrape off all of the dark Saloon Department. 47 surface, and continue to soak and scrape several times, which removes all offensive substances and smell. After this, let it soak 20 or 30 minutes in 2 or 3 hot waters, scraping over each time; tlien pickle in salt and water 12 hours, and it is ready for cookin^^; boil from 3 to 4 hours, cut in strips to suit, and put it into nice vinegar, with the various spices, as desired; renew the vinegar at the expiration of 1 Aveek, is all that will be required further. Many persons stick up their nose when tripe is spoken of ; but, if nicely prepared, I prefer it to any dish furnished by the beef. MOLASSES CANDY AND POP-CORN BALLS— Candy.— Equal quantities of brown sugar and molasses, and put them into a suitable kettle — copper is the best — and when it begins to boil, skim it well, and strain it, or else pour it through a fine wire sieve to free it of slivers and sticks which are often found in the sugar; then return it to the kettle and continue to boil, until, when you have dipped your hand in cold water and passed one or two fingers through the boiling candy and immediately back to the cold water, what adheres, when cold, will crush like dry egg-shells, and does not adhere to the teeth when bitten. When done, pour it on a stone or platter which has been greased, and as it gets cool begin to throw up the edges and work it by pulling on a hook or by the hand, until bright and glistening like gold; the hands should have a little flour on them occasionally; now keep the mass by a warm stove, (if much is made at one time,) and draw it into stick size, occasionally rolling them to keep round, until all is pulled out and cold; then with shears clip a little upon them, at proper lengths for the sticks, and they will snap quickly while yet the stick will bend ; no color, no butter, no lard or flavor is used or need be, yet any oil can be used for flavoring, if desired, when poured out to cool. Sugar left in molasses barrels works very nicelj'' in this prepara- tion. Pulverized white sugar sprinkled amongst it will prevent it from sticking together. 2. Candy Perfectly White. — If it is desired to have candy that is perfectly white, proceed as follows : Best coftee sugar, 23^ lbs. ; the nicest syrup, Vy^ pts. ; boil very carefully, until when tried as above, it crisps like egg-shells, or flies like glass; then draw and work upon the hook until verj'- white. 3. Molasses Candy Without Sug'ar. — Porto Eico molasses, boiled and worked as above, has a cream shade according to the amount of pulling, and most persons prefer it to the mixture of sugar and molasses, as in the first. 4. Pop Corn Balls. — Pop the corn, avoiding all that is not nicely opened; place }4. ^^- of the corn upon a table or in a large dripping pan ; put a little water in a suitable kettle with sugar, 1 lb. ; and boil as for candy ; until it becomes quite waxy in water, when tried as for 48 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. candy; then remove from the fire and dip into it 6 to 7 table-spoons of thick gum sohition, made by pouring boiling water upon gum arabic, over night, or some hours before; now dip the mixture upon different parts of the corn, putting a stick, or the hands, under the corn, lifting up and mixing until the corn is all saturated with the candy mixture; then with the hands press the corn into balls, as the boys do snow-balls, being quick, lest it sets before you get through. This amount will make about one hundred balls, if properly done. White or brown sugar may be used. And for variety, white sugar for a part, and molasses or syrup for another batch. Either of these is suited to street peddlers. 5. Action of Sugar or Candy on the Teeth. — M. Larez, of France, in the course of his investigations on the teeth, has arrived at the following conclusions: *■'' First. That refined sugar, either from cane or beet, is injurious to healthy teeth, either by immediate contact with these organs, or by the gas developed owing to its stoppage in the stomach. " Second. That if a tooth is macerated in a saturated solution of sugar, it is so much altered in the chemical composition that it becomes gelatinous, and its enamel opaque, spongy, and easily broken. Tliis modification is due, not to free acid, but to a tendency of sugar to combine with the calcareous basis of the teeth." I have destroyed n\y own teeth, I have no doubt now, by constantly eating candies, while in the grocery business, before I knew its injurious effects, and I believe it to have destroyed the first teeth of all my children which were born during my candy-eating propensities. What say our candj^-eating gentry to the above? LEMONADE.— To Carry in the Pocket.— Loaf sugar, 1 lb. ; rub it down finely in a mortar, and add citric-acid, 3^ oz. ; (tartaric acid will do,) and lemon essence % oz., and continue the trituration until all is intimately mixed, and bottle for use. It is best to dry the powders as mentioned in the " Persian Sherbet," next following. A rounding table-spoon can be done up in a paper and carried conveniently in the pocket when persons are going into out-of-the-way places, and added to half pint of cold water, when all the beauties of a lemonade will stand before you waiting to be drank, not costing a penny a glass. This can be made sweeter or more sour, if desired. If any, however, should prefer an effervescing drink, they can follow the directions given in the next recipe. Persian Sherbet. — Pulverized sugar, 1 lb. ; super-carbonate of soda, 4 ozs. ; tartaric acid, 3 ozs. ; put all the articles into the stove oven when moderately warm, being separate, upon paper or plates; let them remain sufficiently long to dry out all dampness absorbed from the air, tlien rub about 40 drops of lemon oil, (or if preferred any other flavored oil,) thoroughly with the sugar in a mortar — Saloon Department. 49 Wedgewood is the best— then add the soda and acid, and continue tlie rubbing until all are thoroughly mixed. Bottle and cork tight, for, if any degree of moisture is permitted to reach it, the acid and soda neutralize each other, and the virtue is thus destroyed. A middling sized table-spoon or two tea-spoons of tliis put into a half pint glass and nearly filled with water and quickly drank, makes an agreeable summer beverage ; and if three or four glasses of it are taken within a short time, say an hour or two, it has the effect of a gentle cathaitic, hence, for those habitually costive it would be found nearly or quite equal to the Seidlitz powdei-, and for children it would be the more pleasant of the two. [The printers have tried it, and can bear testimony to its good qualities. J BEERS.— Root JJeer.— For each gallon of water to be used, take hops, burdock, yellow dock, sarsaparilla, dandelion, and spikenard roots, bruised, of each )^ oz. ; boil about 20 minutes, and strain while hot, add 8 or 10 drops of oils of spruce and sassafras mixed in equal proportions, when cool enough not to scald your hand, put in 2 or 3 table-spoons of yeast ; molasses, ^ of a pint, or white sugar, 3^ lb., gives it about the right sweetness. Keep these proportions for as many gallons as you wish to make. You can use more or less of the roots to suit your taste after trying it; it is best to get the dry roots, or dig them and let them get dry, and of course you can add any other root known to possess medicinal properties desired in the beer. After all is mixed, let it stand in a jar with a cloth thrown over it, to work about two hours, then bottle and set in a cool place. This is a nice way to take alteratives, without taking medicine. And families ought to make it every spring, and drink f reel}^ of it for several weeks, and thereby save, perhaps, several dollars in doctors' bills. 2. Spruce or Aromatic Beer.— For 3 gals, water put in 1 qt. and % pt. of molasses, 3 eggs well beaten, yea£t, 1 gill. Into 2 qts. of tlie Avater, boiling hot, put 50 drops of any oil you wish the flavor of; or mix 1 oz. each, oils sassafras, spruce and wlntergreen, then use 50 drops of the mixed oils. Mix all, and strain; let it stand two hours, then bottle, bearing in mind that yeast must not be put in when the fluid would scald the hand. Boiling water cuts oil for beers, equal to alcohol. 3. Lemon Beer. — Water, 30 gals.; ginger root, bruised, 6 ozs.; cream-of -tartar, ]^\\).\ coffee sugar, 13 lbs.; oil of lemon, 1 oz. ; or i oz. of the oil may be used, and G good sized lemons, sliced; yeast, \\ pts. Boil the ginger and cream-of-tartar, about twenty to thirty minutes, in two or three gallons of the water; then strain it upon the sugar and oils or sliced lemons, which have been rubbed together, having warm water enough to make the whole thirty gallons just so 3 5© Dr. Chase' s Recipes. you can hold your hand in it without burning, or about seventy degrees ff heat; then work up the yeast into a paste, as for the cider, with live or six ounces of flour. Let it work over night, skim- ming off the 3^east, or letting it work over as the cider, then strain and bottle for use. Tliis will keep fifteen or twenty days. The Port Huronites think it a splendid drink. 4. Cr n^er Beer. — AVhite sugar, 5 lbs. ; lemon juice, 1 gill ; honey, 14 lb. ; ginger, bruised, 5 ozs. ; water, 4^ gals. Boil the ginger thirty minutes in three quarts of the water; then add the other ingredients, and strain; when cold, put in the white of an ^^^gf well beaten, with one tea-spoon of lemon essence — let stand four days, and bottle. It will keep for months — much longer than if yeast was used ; the honey, however, operates mildly in place of yeast. 5. Philadelphia Beer. — Water, 30 gals.; brown sugar, 20 lbs.; ginger, bruised, 1)4 lbs.; cream-of-tartar, i^ lb.; super-carbonate of soda, 3 ozs. ; oil of lemon, cut in a little alcohol, 1 tea-spoon; whites of 10 eggs, well beaten; hops, 2 ozs.; yeast, 1 qt. The ginger root and hops should be boiled twenty or thirty minutes in enougli of the water to make all milk-warm, then strained into the rest, and the yeast added and allowed to work over night; skimmed and boiled. 6. Patent Gas Beer. — Ginger, 2 ozs.; allspice, 1 oz.; cinnamon, \ oz.; cloves, 34 oz. ; all bruised or ground; molasses, 2 qts.; cold water, 73^ g'lls. ; yeast, 1 pt. Boil the pulverized articles, for fifteen or twenty minutes, in the molasses; then strain into j^our keg, and add the water, then the yeast, shake it well together and bung down. If made over night it will be ready for use the next day. There ought to be a little space in the keg not filled with the beer. This beer is ahead of all the pops and mineral waters of the day, for flavor, health or sparkling qualities or speed in m;iking. Be careful you do not burst the keg. In hot weather, draw in a pitcher witli ice. I have sold this in the principal towns of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, traveling with a caravan, and obtained two dollars for the recipe of the man who kept the inside stand, and blew the head out of the first keg of it which he made. 7. Corn Beer, Without Yeast. — Cold water, 5 gals.; sound, nice corn, 1 qt. ; molasses, 2 qts; put all into a keg of this size; shake well, and in 2 or 3 days a fermentation will have been brought on as nicely as with j^east. Keep it bunged tight. It may be flavored with oils of spruce. or lemon, if desired, by pouring on to the oils one or two quarts of the water, boiling hot. The corn will last five or six makings. If it gets too sour, add more molasses and water in the same proportions. It is cheap, healthy, and no bother with yeast. Saloon Department. 51 §. Strong Beer, English Improved.— Malt, 1 peck ; coarse brown sugar, 6 lbs. ; hops, 4 ozs. ; good yeast, 1 tea-cup ; if you have not malt, take a little over 1 peck of barley, (twice the amount of oats will do, but are not as good,) and put it into an oven after the bread is drawn, or into a stove oven, and steam the moisture from them. Grind coarsely. Now pour upon the ground malt 33^ gals, of water at 170° or 172" of heat. The tub in which you scald the malt should have a false bottom, 2 or 3 inches from the real bottom; the false bottom should be bored full of ghnlet holes, so as to act as a strainer, to keep back the malt meal. AVhen the water is poured on, stir them well, and let it stand 3 hours, and draw off by a faucet ; put in 7 gals, more of water at 180° to 182° ; stir it well, and l^t it stand 2 hours and draw it off. Then put on a gal. or two of cold water, stir it well and draw it off; 5^ou should have about 5 or 6 gals. Put the 6 lbs. of coarse brown sugar in an equal amount of water; mix with the wort, and boil 11^ to 2 hours with the hops; you should have 8 gals, when boiled ; w^hen cooled to 80° put in the yeast, and let it work 18 to 20 hours, covered with a sack; use sound iron-hooped kegs or porter bottles, bung or cork tight, and in two weeks it will be good sound beer, and will keep a longtime; and for persons of a weak habit of body, and especially females, one glass of this with their meals is far better than tea or coffee, or all the ardent spirits in the universe. If more malt is used, not exceeding 3^ a bushel, the beer, of course, would have more spirit, but this strength is sufficient for the use of families or invalids. ©. Ale, Home-Brewed — How it is Made. — The following formula for the manufacture of a famous home-brewed ale of the English yeomanry, will convey a very clear idea of the components and mixture of ordinary ales. The middle classes of the English people usually make their ale in quantities of two barrels, that is, geventy-two gallons. For this purpose a quarter of malt (8 bus.) is obtained at the malt-house — or, if wished to be extra strong, 9 bushels of malt — are taken, with hops, 12 lbs. ; yeast, 5 qts. The malt, being crushed or ground, is mixed with 72 gals, of water at the temperature of 160°, and covered up for 3 hours, when 40 gallons are drawni off, into which the hops are put, and left to infuse. Sixty gallons of water at a temperature of 170° are then added to the malt in the mash-tub, and well mixed, and after standing 2 hours, 60 gallons are drawn off. The wort from these two mashes is boiled with the hops for 2 hours, and after being cooled down to 65°, is strained through a flannel bag into a fermenting tub, where it is mixed with the yeast and left to work for 24 or 30 hours. It is then 52 Dr. Chase' s Recijyes. run into barrels to cleanse, a few gallons being reserved for filling up the casks as the yeast works over. Of course when the yeast is worked out it must be bunged. If one-half a pint of this was taken each meal by men, and half that amount by females, and no other spirits, tea nor coffee, during the day, I hesitate not in saying that I firmly believe it would conduce to health. 1 know that this, which a man makes himself, or some of the wines mentioned in this work, home-made, are all that any person ought to allow themselves to use in these days when dollars and cents are the governing influences of all who deal in such articles. 10. Porter, Ale, or Wine, to Prevent Flatness in Parts of Bottles for the Invalid. — Sick persons who are recommended to use ale, porter, or wine, and can only take a small glass at a time, nearly always find the last of the bottle flat or stale. To prevent this, put in the cork firmly, and turn the cork end downwards, in a large tumbler or other vessel nearly fllled with water. Tills plan prevents communication with the external air. 11. Cream Nectar, Imperial. — First, tAke water, 1 gal. ; loaf sugar, 8 lbs. ; tartaric acid, 8 ozs. ; gum-arabic, 1 oz. ; put into a suitable kettle and place on the Are. Second. Take flour, 4 tea-spoons ; the whites of 4 eggs, well beaten together, with the flour, and add water, i^ pt. ; when the flrst is blood- warm put in the second, and boil 3 minutes, and it is done. Directions. — Three table-spoons of the syrup to a glass half or two-thirds full of water, and add one-third tea-spoon of super-carbon- ate of soda, made fine ; stir well, and drink at your leisure. Jt^" In getting up any of the soda drinks which are spoken of, it will be found preferable to put about eight ounces of super-carbonate (often called carbonate of soda) into one pint of water in a bottle, and shake when you wish to make a glass of soda, and pour of this into the glass until it foams well, instead of using tlie dry soda as directed. 12. Ginger Pop.— Water, r>i^ gals. ; ginger root, bruised, }^ lb. ; tartaric acid, i^ oz.; white sugar, 2)^ lbs.; whites of 3 eggs, well beaten ; lemon oil, 1 tea-spoon ; yeast, 1 gill. Boil the root for thirty minutes in one gallon of the water, strain off and put the oil in while hot ; mix. Make over night, and in the morning skim and bottle, keeping out sediments. 13. Spanish Cringerette.— To each gal. of water put 1 lb. of white sugar; 3^ oz. best bruised ginger root; }^ oz. of cream-of-tartar and 2 lemons sliced. Directions. — In making 5 gals., boil the ginger and lemons 10 minutes in 3 gals, of the water; the sugar and cream-of-tartar to be Saloon Department. 53 dissolved iii the cold water, and mix all, and add 3^ pint of good yeast ; let it ferment over night, strain and bottle in the morning. This is a valuable recipe for a cooling and refreshing beverage; compounded of ingredients highly calculated to assist the stomach, and is recommended to persons suffering with Dyspepsia or Sick Headache. It is much used in European countries, and persons having once tested its virtues, will constantly use it as a common drink. And for saloons or groceries, no temperance beverage will set it aside. 14. Shaui-Champague— A Purely Temperance Drink.— Tartaric acid, 1 oz.; 1 good sized leuion ; ginger root, 1 oz.; white sugar, V/^ lbs. ; water, 2^.^ gals. ; yeast, 1 gill. Slice the lemon, and bruise the ginger, mix all, except the yeast; boil the water and pour it upon tliem, and let stand until cooled to blood heat; then add the yeast and let it stand in the sun through the day; at night, bottle, tying the corks, and in two days it will be fit to use. — Mrs. Beecher. Be sure and not drink over three or four bottles at one time. YEASTS.— Hop Yeast.— Hops, 1 oz.; water, 3 pts.; flour, 1 tea- cup; brown sugar, 1 table-spoon; salt, 1 tea-spoon; brewers' or bakers' yeast, 1 gill. Boil the liops twenty miimtes in the water, strain into a jar, and stir in the floui-, sugar, and salt, and when a little cool add the yeast, and after four or five hours cover up, and stand in a cool place or on the ice for use. The above makes a good family yeast, but the following is the regular bakers' yeast, as they always keep the malt on hand: 2. Bakers' Yeast. — Hops, 2 ozs. ; water, 1 gal. ; wheat flour, 3^ lb. ; malt flour, 1 pt. ; stock yeast, % pt- Boil the hops for tliirty minutes in the water, strain, and let cool until you can well bear your hand in it; then stir in the flour and yeast; keep in a warm place until the fermentation is well under waj'^, and then let it work in a cooler place six to eight hours, when it should be put in pint bottles about lialf full, and closely corked, and tied down. By keeping this in a very cool cellar, or ice-house, it will keep for months, fit for use. But as it is often troublesome to obtain yeast, to start with, I give you the *' Distillers' Jug Yeast," starting without yeast. 3. Jug Yeast, Without Yeast to Start With.— Hops, >^ lb.; water, 1 gal.; line malt flour, }4. pt.; brown sugar, yi lb. Boil the hops in the water until quite strong, strain, and stir in the malt flour; and strain again through a coarse cloth, and boil again for ten minutes; when lukewarm stir in the sugar, and place in a jug, keeping it at the same temperature until it works over; then cork tight, and keei^ in a cold iflace. 54 D?'. Chase' s Recipes. 4. Yeast Cake. — Good sized potatoes, 1 doz. ; hops, ] large liaudful ; yeast, Yz pt.; corn meal, sufficient quantity. Boil the potatoes, after peeling, and rub them through a colander; boil the hops in two quarts of water, and strain into the potatoes; then scald sufficient Indian meal to make them the consistence of empty- ings, and stir in the yeast and let rise ; then, with unscalded meal thicken so as to roll out and cut into cakes, drying quickly, at first, to prevent souring. They keep better, and soak up quicker, than if made with flour. ICE CREAM. — Fresh cream, Yz gal. ; rich milk, Yi- g^^- i white sugar, 1 lb. ; some do use as much as 2 lbs. of sugar to the gallon, yet it leaves an unpleasant astringency in the throat after eating the cream ; but please yourselves. Dissolve the sugar in the mixture, flavor with extract to suit your taste, or take the peel from a fresh lemon and steep one-half of it in as little water as you can, and add this — it makes the lemon flavor better than the extract — and no flavor will so universally please as the lemon; keep the same proj)ortion for any amount desired. The juice of strawberries or raspberries gives a beautiful color and flavor to ice-cream; or about Yi. oz. of essence or extracts to a gallon, or to suit the taste. Have your ice well broken ; 1 qt. salt to a bucket of ice. About half an hour's constant stirring and occasional scraping down and beating together, will freeze it. The old-fashioned freezer which turns in a tub of ice, makes smoother and nicer ice-cream than all the patent freezers I have seen ; and the plan of using the genuine cream and milk gives sufficient profit; but I will give you the best substitutes there are, in the following recipe, but the less you eat of either^ the better will it be for health. 2. Ice Creaui, Very Clieap.— Milk, 6 qts. ; Oswego corn starch, >^ lb. First dissolve the starch in one quart of the milk, then mix all together and just simmer a little (not to boil). Sweeten and flavor to suit your taste, as above ; or, — 3. Irish moss, 1>^ oz. ; milk, 1 gal. First soak the moss in a little cold water for an hour, and rinse well to clear it of sand and a certain peculiar taste ; then steep it for an hour in the milk just at the boiling point, but not to boil; it imparts a rich color and flavor without eggs or cream. The moss may be steeped twice. It is the Chicago plan. I have eaten it, and know it to be very nice. A few minutes' rubbing, at the end of freezing, with the spatula, against the side of the freezer, gives ice-cream a smoothness not otherwise obtained. WINES.— Currant, Cherry, and other Berry Wines.— The juice of either of the above fruits can be used alone, or in combinations to Saloon Department 55 make a variety of flavors, or suit persons who have some, and not the otlier kinds of fruit. Express all the juice you can, then take an equal amount of boiling water and pour on the pressed fruit, let stand 2 hours, squeeze out as much as there is of juice, and mix, then add 4 lbs. of brown sugar to each gallon of the mixture ; let stand until worked, or 3 or 4 weeks, without a bung in the keg or barrel, simply putting a piece of gauze over the bung-hole to keep out flies; when it is done working, bung it up. A cool cellar, of course, is the best place for keeping wines, as they must be kept where they will not freeze. Some persons use only one-fourth juice, in making fruit wines, and three-fourths water, but you will bear in mind that the wine will be good or bad, just in proportion to the water and sugar used. If care is used when you express tlie juice, to prevent the pulp or seeds from entering or remaining in the juice, no other straining or racking will be needed. Most persons also recommend putting in brandy, but if any spirit is used at all, let it be pure alcohol, from one gill to one-half pint only per gallon, but the strength of juice I recommend, and the amount of sugar, remove all necessity for any addition of spirit wliatever. Bear in mind that all fruit of wliicli you are to make wine ought to be perfectly ripe, and then make it as soon as possible thereafter, not letting the juice ferment before the addition of the sugar. If bottled, always lay them on the side. 2. lihubarb, or English Patent Wine.— An agreeable and healthful wine is made from the expressed juice of the garden rhubarb. To each gal. of juice, add 1 gal. of soft water in which 7 lbs. of brown sugar have been dissolved; fill a keg or a barrel with this proportion, leaving the bung out, and keep it filled with sweetened water as it works over, until clear; then bung down or bottle as you desire. Tliese stalks will furnish about three-fourths their weight in juice, or from sixteen hundred to two tliousand gallons of wine to each acre of well cultivated plants. Fill the barrels and let them stand until spring, and bottle, as any wine will be better in glass or stone. 3. Some persons give Mr. Gaboon, of Kenosha, Wis., credit for originating pie-plant wine, but that is a mistake. It has long been made in England, and has even been patented in that country. They first made it by the following directions, which also makes a very nice article, but more applicable for present use than for keeping: For every 4 lbs. of the stalks cut fine, pour on 1 gal. of boiling water, adding 4 lbs. brown sugar; let stand covered 24 hours, having also added a little cinnamon, allspice, cloves and nutmeg, bruised, as 56 Dr. Chasers Recipes. may be desired for flavoring; then strain and let work a few days, and bottle. 4. Tomato Wiue.— Express the juice from clean, ripe tomatoes, and to each gallon of it (without any water) put brown sugar, 4 lbs. Put in the sugar immediately, or before fermentation begins — this ought to be done in making any fruit wine. Something of the character of a cheese-press, hoop and cloth, is the best plan to squeeze out the juice of tomatoes or other fruits. Let the wine stand in a keg or barrel for two or three months ; then draw off into bottles, carefully avoiding the sediment. It makes a most delightful wine, having all the beauties of flavor belonging to the tomato, and I have no doubt all its medicinal properties also, either as a tonic in disease, or as a beverage for those who are in the habit of using intoxicating bever- ages, and if such persons would have the good sense to make some wine of this kind, and use it instead of rot-gut whisky, there would not be one-hundredth part of the " snakes in the boot " that now curse our land. It must be tasted to be appreciated. I have it now which is three years old, worth more than much pretended wine which is sold for three or four shillings a pint. 5. Tomato Cultivation, for Early and Late. — The Working Farmer says of the tomato plant, " that it bears 80 per cent, of its fruit within 18 inches of the ground, while more than half the plant is above that part. When the branches are cut they do not bleed, and they may therefore be sliortened immediately above the large, or early-setting fruit. " The removal of the small fruit on the ends of the branches is no loss, for the lower fruit will swell to an unnatural size by trim- ming, and both a greater weight and measure of fruit will be the consequence, besides obtaining a large portion five to fifteen days earlier. The trimming should be done so as to have a few leaves beyond the fruit, to insure perfect ripening. The importance of early manuring is too evident to need comment. The burying of the removed leaves immediately around the plant is a good practice, both by insuring full disturbance of the soil, and by the presenting of a fertilizer progressed precisely to the point of fruit making. The portions buried decay rapidly, and are rapidly assimilated." If wanted very early and large, trim off all except two or three upon each plant. 6. To ripen late tomatoes, pull the plants having green tomatoes on them, before the commencement of frosts, and hang them in a well ventilated cellar. The fruit will continue to ripen until early winter, especially if the cellar is cool and damp. 7. The Tomato as Food, — Dr. Bennett, a professor of some Saloon Department, cj celebrity, considers the tomato an invaluable article of diet, and ascribes to it various important medical properties. First—that the tomato is one of the most powerful aperients for the liver and other organs; where calomel is indicated, it is probably one of the most effective and least harmful remedial agents known to the profession. Second— that a chemical extract will be obtained from it that will supersede the use of calomel in the cure of disease. Third —that he has successfully treated Diarrhoea with this article alone. Fourth— th^t when used as an article of diet, it is an almost sovereign remedy for Dyspepsia and indigestion. Fifth— that it should be co*n- stantly used for daily food, either cooked or raw, or in the form of catsup. It is the most healthy article now in use. Knowing personally the value of the tomato in disease, for food and wine, I freely give all the information regarding it which I can, that others may make as free use of it as health and economy demand' consequently, I give you the next item, which I have just learned as the tj^pe were being set, upon this subject, in 1860. 8. Tomatoes as Food for Cattle.— Mr. Davis, the editor of the Michigan State News, Ann Arbor, Mich., says, "that he has fed his cow, this season, at least ten bushels of tomatoes." His plan is to mix a little bran with (say 3 qts. to a half bushel of tomatoes) when fed. They ca«se an excellent flow of rich and delicious milk. He did not think of it until after the frosts, when observing them going to waste, he thought to see if she would eat them, which she did freely, from the commencement. I have also known pigs to eat them, but this is not common. In 1862 I found my cow to eat them as freely as spoken of by Mr. Davis. 9. Wine, from White Currants.— Ripe white currants, any quantity; squeeze out the juice, and put on water to get out as much more as there is of tlie juice, and mix the two, and to each gallon put 3>^ lbs. of sugar; let it work without boiling or skimming for 2 or 3 months, then rack off and bottle. The white currant has less acidity than the red, and does not require as much sugar. I have never tasted currant wine equal to this. 10. Ginger Wine.— Alcohol of 98 per cent., 1 qt; best ginger root, bruised, 1 oz.; cayenne, 5 grs.; tartaric acid, 1 dr.; let stand 1 week and filter, or draw off by faucet above the sediment. Now add 1 gal. of water in which 1 lb. of crushed sugar has been boiled. Mix when cold. To make the color, boil yi oz. of cochineal, ^ oz. of cream-of-tartar, ^ oz. of saleratus, and % oz. of alum, in 1 pt. of water, until you get a bright red color, and use a proper amount of this to bring the wine to the desired color. This wine is suitable for nearly all the purposes for which any 58 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, wine is used, and a gallon of it will not cost more than a pint of many- wines sold throughout the country for medicinal purposes, represented to be imported from Europe. Let a man, suffering with a bad cold, drink about half a pint of this wino hot, on going to bed, soaking his feet at the same time in hot water fifteen or twenty minutes, and covering up warm and sweating it out until morning, then washing off his whole body with cool or cold water, by means of a wet towel, and rubbing briskly with a coarse dry towel for four or five minutes, will not be able to find his cold or any bad effects of it in one case out of a hundred. Ladies or children would take less in proportion to age and strength. Females in a weakly condition, with little or no appetite, and spare in flesh, from food not properly digesting, but not yet ripened into actual indigestion^ will find almost entire relief by taking half a wine-glass of this wine twenty minutes before meals, and following it up a month or two, according to their improved condition. For family use it is just as good without color as with it. 11. Blackberry Wiue. — Mash the berries, and pour 1 qt. of boiling water to each gal. ; let the mixture stand 24 hours, stirring occasionally; then strain and measure into a keg, adding 2 lbs. of sugar, and good rye whisky 1 pt., or best alcohol Yz pt., to each gal. Cork tight, and let it stand until tlie following October, and you will have wine fit for use, without further straining or boiling, that will make lips smack as they never smacked under its influence before. I feel assured that where this fruit is plenty, that this wine should take the place of all others, as it is invaluable in sickness as a- tonic, and nothing is better for bowel disease. I therefore give the recipe for making it, and having tried it myself, I speak advisedly on the subject. The Dollar Times., Cincinnati, O., first published this recipe, not using any spirits, but I find that it will often sour without it. 12. Lawton Blackberry— Its Cultivation. — An editor at Cold- water, Mich., says of this fruit, "that where it is best known it is one of the most popular small fruits that has ever been cultivated. It has been known to produce over one thousand full-grown berries in one season on a single stalk; the average size of fruit being from three- fourths to one and a half inches in diameter; quality excellent, yery juicy, seeds very small, and few in number. Five quarts of berries will make one gallon of juice, which, mixed with two gallons of water and nine pounds of refined sugar, will make three gallons of wine, equal in quality to the best grape Avine. Professor Mapes, and many others, who have tested the qualities of the same as a wine-fruit, speak of it in terms of the highest praise. 13. Port Wine. — Fully ripe, wild grapes, 2 bus. ; best alcohol, 3 gals. ; sugar, 25 lbs. ; water to fill a barrel. Saloon Department. en Mash the grapes without breaking the seed; then put them into a barrel with the sugar and alcohol, and fill up with rain water, and let it lie a few weeks in the sun ; or if the weather has become cold, in a warm place ; then in the cellar until spring ; then rack off and bottle, or place in perfectly clean kegs or barrels, and you have a better article than nine-tenths of what is represented as imported Port. 14. Cider Wine.— Prof. Horsford, a celebrated chemist, com- municated the following recipe to the Horticultural Society of Massachusetts, and recommends it for general trial: *' Let the new cider from sour apples, (ripe, sound fruit preferred,) ferment from 1 to 3 weeks, as the weather is warm or cool. When it has attained to a lively fermentation, add to each gallon, according to its acidity, from )4. a lb. to 3 lbs. of white crushed sugar, and let the whole ferment until it possesses precisely the taste which it is desired should be permanent. In this condition pour out a quart of the cider and add for each gallon 34 oz. of sulphite of lime, not sulphate. Stir the powder and cider until intimately mixed, and return the emulsion to the fermenting liquid. Agitate briskly and thoroughly for a few moments, and then let the cider settle. Fermentation will cease at once. When, after a few days, the cider has become clear, draw off carefully, to avoid the sediment, and bottle. If loosely corked, which is better, it will become a sparkling cider wine, and may be kept indefinitely long." This has been tried with varied success ; those who do not think it too much to follow the directions, obtain a good article, but others, supposing it to do jnst as well without sugar, or drawing off, or bottling, have found but little satisfaction — they have no reason to expect any; and yet they might be well satisfied to obtain a good wine from the orchard, even with all the above requisitions. 15. Grape Wine.—" Ripe, freshly picked, and selected, tame grapes, 20 lbs.; put them into a stone jar and pour over them 6 qts. of boiling soft water; when sufficiently cool to allow it, you will squeeze them thoroughly with the hand; after which allow them to stand 3 days on the pomace, with a cloth thrown over the jar, then squeeze out the juice and add 10 lbs. of nice crushed sugar, and let it remain a week longer in the jar; then take off the scum, strain and bottle, leaving a vent, until done fermenting, when strain again and bottle tight, and lay the bottles on the side in a cool place." This wine is the same as used by the Rev. Orrin Whitmore, of Saline, Mich., for sacramental purposes. I have tasted it myself, and would prefer it for medicinal uses to nine-tenths of the wines sold in this country. With age, it is nice. I am of the opinion that it might just as well remain in the jar until it is desired to bottle, and thus save the trouble of the extra straining. For I have now wine four years 6o Dr. Chasers Recipes, old ill my cellar, made In Evansville, Ind., from the grape, which was made without the addition of any particle of matter whatever. Simply the juice pressed out, hauled in from the vineyard, put into very large casks in a cool cellar, not even racked off again under one year from the time of making. It tastes exactly like the grape itself. This, you will perceive, saves much trouble in racking, straining, etc. I '\w\ told by other wine makers, also, that if care is observed when tlie juice is pressed out to keep clear of the pomace, that wine is better to stand without racking or straining, and that nothing is found in the barrels, after the first year, save the crude tartar or wine-stone, as some call it, which all grape wine deposits on the sides of the cask. These wines are every way appropriate for sacramental and medicinal purposes, and far more pure than can be purchased once in a hundred times, and if one makes his own, he has the satisfaction of knowing that his wines are not made of what is vulgarly yet truly called " rot-gut whisky.^'' 16. Coloring for Wines.— White sugar, 1 lb.; water, 1 gill; put into an iron kettle, let boil, and burn to a red black, and thick; remove from the tire and add a little hot water to keep it from hardening as it cools; then bottle for use. Any of the foregoing wines can be colored with this, as desired, but for family use I never use any color. IT. Stomach Bitters, Equal to Hostetter^s, for One-Fourth its Cost ; and Schiedam Schnapps Exposed.— European gentian root, \}4, ozs.; orange peel, 2>^ ozs. ; cinnamon, }^ oz. ; anise seed, ^ oz. ; cori- ander seed, Yz oz. ; cardamon seed, % oz. ; unground Peruvian bark, y^ oz. ; gutn kino, ^ oz. ; bruise all these articles, and put them into the best alcohol, 1 pt. ; let it stand a week, and pour off the clear tincture; then boil the dregs a few minutes in 1 qt. of water, strain, and press out all the strength ; now dissolve loaf sugar, 1 lb., in the hot liquid, adding 8 qts. cold water, and mix with the spirit tincture first poured off, or you can add these, and let it stand on the dregs if preferred. 18. NOTE.— Schiedam Schnapps, Falsely so Called.— It is gen- erally known that in Schiedam, Holland, they make the best quality of gin, calling it "Schiedam Schnapps;" consequently it might be expected that unprincipled men would undertake its imitation ; but hardly could it have been expected that so base an imitation would start into existence under the guidance of a man who, at least, calls himself honorable. " Take gentian root, }£ lb. ; orange peel, J^ lb. ; puds, J4 lb. ; (but if this last cannot be obtained, poma aurantior, unripe oranges,) or agaric, ^ lb.; best galangal, }£ lb.; centaury, }4 lb. ;— cost, $1.20. Put pure spirit, 10 gals., upon them, and let them stand 2 weeks ; stir Saloon Department. 6i it every day, and at the end of that time put 3 gals, of this to one barrel of ^ood whisky ; then bottle and label." And here follows the label: "AROMATIC SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, A Superlative Tonic, Diuretic, Anti-Dyspeptic, and Invigorating Cordial. — This Medical Beverage is manufactured at Schiedam, in Holland, and is warranted free from every injurious property and ingredient, and of the best possible quality. Its extraordinary medicinal properties in Gravel, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, Incipient Dropsy, Flatulence, Colic Pains of the Stomach or Bowels, whether in adults or infants, in all ordinary cases of obstruction in the Kidneys, Bladder, and Urinary Organs, in Dyspepsia, whether Acute or Chronic, in General Debility, Sluggish Circulation of the Blood, Inadequate Assimilation of Food and Exhausted Vital Energy, are acknowledged by the whole medical faculty, and attested in their highest written authorities." I purchased the foregoing recipe of an extensive dealer in Evans- ville, Ind. He put up the stuff in quart bottles, and labeled it as I have shown you. His label was got up in splendid style, bronzed letters^ and sent out to the world as pure ''^Schiedam Schnapps,^'' at %1 per bottle. I have given you the whole thing, that the thousands into whose hands this book may fall, shall know what confidence, or that no cori/ic?ence whatever, can be placed in the " advertised nostrums " of the day, but tllat the only security we have is to make our own, or go to those whom we knoic to be scientific. Obtain their prescription and follow their counsel. Every person knows that real Holland Gin possesses diuretic and other valuable properties; and who would not suppose he was getting a genuine article from this flaming, bronze- crested label, pointing out especially all the complaints that Schiedam lovers are wont to complain of? And yet not one drop of gin to a barrel of it! And my excuse for this exposure is, that they and all who may have an occasion to use such articles, may know that "good whisky" ought to be afforded at less than $4 per gallon, even if $1.20 worth of bitter tonics are put into Z% barrels of the precious stuff'. Then take our advice, where gin or other liquor is needed, as mentioned in the first recipe in the Medical Department. APPENDIX TO SALOON DEPARTMENT. '• BY THE PUBLISHER. Apple Wine. — Pure cider made from sound, dry apples, as it runs from tlie press. Put sixty pounds of brown sugar into fifteen gallons of the cider and let it dissolve, then put the mixture into a clean barrel and fill the barrel up to within two gallons of being full with clean cider; put tlie cask in a cool place, leaving the bung out forty-eiglit hours, then put in the bung with a small vent, until fermentation wholly ceases, and bung up tight, and, in one year, the wine will be fit for use. This wine requires no racking; the longer it stands upon the lees the better. 2, Blackberry Wine. — Gather the fruit when ripe, on a dry 6a,y. Put into a vessel, with the head out, and a tap fitted near the bottom; pour on boiling water to cover it. Mash the berries with your hands, and let them stand covered till the pulp rises to the top and forms a crust, in three or four days. Then draw off the fluid into another vessel, and to every gallon add one pound of sugar; mix well, and put it into a cask, to work for a week or ten days, and throw oft any remaining lees, keeping the cask well filled, particularly at tlie commencement. When the working has ceased, bung it down ; after six to twelve months it may be bottled. 3. To make a wine equal to Port, take ripe blackberries, press the juice from them, let it stand tliirty-six hours to ferment (lightly covered) and skim well, then to every gallon of the juice add one quart of water and three pounds of sugar ; let it stand in an open vessel twenty-four hours. Strain and barrel it, let it stand six months, then bottle and cork close. It improves by age. 4. Cherry Wine. — Pick and press out the juice of good cherries. White or Black Hearts, or May Dukes, without breaking the stones. (This wine is much improved by adding rasps, and red currants ; an addition of black currants causes it to resemble port). To everj'- gallon put 2 lbs. of fine loaf sugar. Put in a cask till the fermentation ceases, stop it close. In three or four months, bottle it, and in five or six weeks it will be fit to drink. 5, Currant Wine. — Gather the currants when ripe, strip them and squeeze out the juice* to one gallon of the juice put two gallons Appendix to Saloon JJepartment. ' 63 of cold water and two spoonfuls of yeast; let it ferment two days; strain through a hair sieve; and to every gallon of liquor add three lbs. of loaf sugar, stir it well together, put it in a good cask; to every 10 gallons of wine put one quart of brandy; close well up and let it standfour months, then bottle it; a few raspberries will improve the flavor. Blackberry Brandy.— To half a gallon of blackberry juice put one pound and a half of lump sugar, half an ounce of cinnamon, half an ounce of grated nutmeg, quarter of an ounce of cloves, and one ounce of allspice. Boil it a few minutes, and when cool, add one pint of brandy. This is an invaluable remedy for diarrhoea. 2. Cherry Brandy.— Cherries 36 lbs; half red and half black; squeeze them with the hands, and add 1>^ gallons of brandy. Let them infuse 24 hours; then put the bruised cherries and liquor into a canvass bag, a little at a time, and press it as long as it will run. Sweeten with fine sugar, and let it stand a month ; bottle off, putting loaf sugar into every bottle. 3. Another.— To every gallon of brandy put 4 lbs. of red cherries, 2 lbs. of black, 1 quart of raspberries, with a few cloves, a stick of cinnamon, a little orange peel; closely stop for a month in a barrel ; bottle off as before. Ginger Beer.— The following recipe for making a very superior ginger beer is taken from the celebrated treatise of Dr. Pereira on Diet. The honey gives the beverage a peculiar softness, and from not being fermented with yeast, it is less violent in its action when opened, but requires to be kept a somewhat longer time before use. White sugar, five pounds; lemon juice, one quarter of a pint; honey, one quarter of a pound; ginger, bruised, live ounces; water, four gallons and a half. Boil the ginger in three quarts of the water for half an hour, then add the sugar, lemon juice and honey, with the remainder of the water, and strain through a cloth ; when cold, add a quarter of the white of an ^^g, and a small teaspoonful of essence of lemon; let the whole stand four days and then bottle ; it will keep for many months. This quantity will make 100 bottles; the cost being, sugar, live pounds, 2s. ; lemon juice, 2d.; honey, 3d. ; best white ginger, 2d. ; ^gg and essence of lemon, 2d. : total, 2s. 9d. Ginger-beer bottles may be obtained at the potteries at 10s. to 12s. per gross, and corks at 8d. to Is. per gross. 2. Another.— White sugar, twenty pounds; lemon or lime juice eighteen (fluid) ounces; honey, one pound; bruised ginger, twenty-two ounces; water, eighteen gallons. Boil the ginger in three gallons of water for half an hour, then add the sugar, the juice, and the honey, with the remainder of the water, and strain through a cloth. When cM add the white of one Qgg^ and half an ounce (fluid) of essence of (54 Appendix to Saloon Department, lemon; after standing four days, bottle. This yields a very superior beverage, and one which will keep for many months. 3. Another, Cheap.— Sugar, 1 lb.; boiling water, 1 gallon; ginger, % oz., and a lemon sliced thin. Stir till all is mixed. Cool, and add a table-spoonful of yeast. Let it stand 20 hours, then strain, bottle, and tie down the corks. Will be primo in a few days. 4. Another. — To every gallon of spring water, add 1 oz. of sliced white ginger, and 1 lb. of white sugar, or 1^ lb., if you like. Boil nearly an hour. Then add 3^ oz. of lemon juice to cveiy gallon; strain, cool, and add yeast, 1 tablespoonf ul or rather more to a gallon. In 48 hours, add a little isinglass, and the white of one or two eggs. Put into the cask, and let it stand 24 hours longer. Bottle and cork well. 5. Another. — Ginger, 3 ozs. ; sugar, 4 lbs. ; crcam-of -tartar, i^ oz. ; essence of lemon, }^ oz. ; the juice and peel of two lemons ; brandy, J^ pint; yeast, quarter of a pint; water, 4 gallons. Bruise the sugar and ginger; boil 25 minutes; pour it boiling upon the lemon, tartar, essence, etc. Stir well; nearly cool, and add the yeast; let it work three days, skimming well ; then strain into a cask ; add the brandy; bung down close; and in a fortnight, draw off, and bottle. 6* Another, For Six Gallons.— Bruised ginger, 8 ozs. ; cream-of- tartar, 6ozs. ; loaf sugar, 6 lbs.; water, 6 gallons; three unpeeled lemons, sliced. As soon as the water boils pour it on the ingredients, and stir well. Add a small portion of yeast. Some prefer the addition of 1 lb. of honey. After fermentation, strain, and bottle. Or strain, and bottle, without previously adding yeast. 7. Another, Common.— Brown Sugar or Treacle, 13^ lb., water, 13^ gallon, 1 oz. of ginger, ground, and a lemon, if preferred. Boil, and then add yeast. 8. Another, Instantly Made.— Sugar, 13^ lb. ; bruised ginger, 134 oz. ; water, 1 quart. Boil down to a syrup. When cool, strain, and add the juice of a lemon, or ^^ oz. of citric acid, and a little brandy. Keep this always by you in a bottle. It is to be used along with Carbonate of Soda and Tartaric Acid. First dissolve in water a quarter of a tea-spoonful of Tartaric Acid, into which put Ginger Syrup according to taste ; then dissolve half a tea-spoonful of carbonate of soda in water; unite the two mixtures, and you will have a grateful beverage. 9. Another, (Jnicldy Made. — Dissolve 4 ozs. of candied ginger \\\ 23^ gallons of boiling water, add 2 lbs. of sugar ; add \^ oz. of citric acid, powdered when nearly cold, and two table-spoonfuls of yeast. 10. Bran Beer. — Good bran, 1 bushel (to produce 18 gallons) hops, 3^ pound. Mash with hot water, and ferment in the usual way. Appendix to Saloon Department. 65 This beer will cost about three cents per gallon. Two or three pounds of siif^ar improve it, or four or five of molasses improve it. Ginger, Syrup of. — Macerate, 13^ oz. of beaten ginger in a quart of boiling water, closely covered for twenty-four hours ; then strain the infusion, make it into a syrup by adding at least two iDarts of fine loaf sugar, dissolved and boiled up in a hot water bath. Ginger Beer Powders. — Blue paper; Carbonate of Soda, thirty grains; powdered ginger, five grains; ground white sugar, one drachm to one drachm and a half; essence of lemon, one drop. Add the essence to the sugar, then the other ingredients. A quantity should be mixed and divided, as recommended for Seidlitz powders. — White paper : Tartaric acid, tiiirty grains. Directions. — Dissolve the contents of the blue paper in water ; stir in the contents of the white paper, and drink during elFeivescence. Ginger-beer powders do not meet with such general acception as lemon and kali, the powdered ginger rendering the liquid slightly turbid. 2. For the white Paper. — Loaf sugar, powdered, 2 drachms; ginger, powdered, 6 or 7 grains ; carbonate of soda, 26 grains. Mix well. For the Blue Paper — Citric Acid, 30 grains, or tartaric acid, 28 grains (which you please). Dissolve each powder in nearly half a tumbler of water, and mix together. Ginger, Tincture of.— Ginger, 1 oz. ; proof spirits, 1 pint. Digest in a gentle heat seven days, and strain. A good stimulant, and expellant of wind; used as a corrective to purgative draughts. Lemonade. — Powdered sugar, four pounds; citric or tartaric acid, one ounce; essence of lemon, two drachms; mix well. Two or three teaspoonfuls make a very sweet and agreeable glass of extemporane- ous lemonade. 2. Milk Lemonade.— Dissolve three quarters of a pound of loaf sugar in one pint of boiling water and mix with them one gill of lemon juice, and one gill of sherry, then add three gills of cold milk. Stir the whole well together, and strain it. Champagne, Summer. — To four parts of seltzer water add one of Moselle wine (or hock), and put a teaspoonful of powdered sugar in to a wineglassful of this mixture; an ebullition takes place, and you have a sort of champagne which is more wholesome in hot weather than the genuine wine known by that name. 2. Champagne Cider.— Cider, eighteen gallons ; spirit, three pints ; sugar, five pounds. Mix and let them rest for a fortnight, then fine with skimmed milk, 1 pint. Bottle in champagne bottles: when opened, it will be found to approach very nearly to genuine cham- pagne. SLif" Cider, 18 gallons ; spirit, 3 pints ; sugar, 5 lbs. ; skimmed milk, 1 pint. Cider.— A beverage made from the juice of the apple, and for 66 Appendix to Saloon Department. which sour and rouo:h-tasted apples are generally preferred. The process of making cider varies in different localities, but in every case essentiaJly consists of the collection of the fruit, and the expression and fermentation of the juice. The collection of the fruit should not be commenced before it has become sufliciently mature. The apples, after being gathered, are usually left for fourteen or fifteen days in a barn or loft to mellow, during which time the mucilage is decomposed, and alcohol and carbonic acid developed. The expression of the juice is the next step in cider-making. The apples are ground to a pulp in a mill, consisting of two fluted cylinders of hard wood or cast iron working against each other. The pulp is afterwards put into coarse strong bags, and pressed with a heavy weight so as to squeeze out all the juice. This is then placed in large, open tubs, and kept at a heat of about sixty degrees. After two or three days for weak ci der, and eight or ten days for strong cider, or as soon as the sediment has subsided, the liquor is "racked off" into clean casks. The casks are then stored in a cellar, shaded barn, or other cool place, where a low and regular temperature can be insured, and are left to mature and ripen until the following spring, when it may be re-racked for use. The refuse pulp is an acceptable food for pigs and store cattle. Preparatory to bottling cider, it should be examined, to see whether it is clear and sparkling. If not so, it should be clarified, and left for a fortnight. The night previous to bottling, the bung should be taken out of the cask, and the filled bottles should not be corked down until the day after; as, if this is done at once, many of the bottles will burst by keeping. The best corks should be used. Champagne bottles are the best for cider. When the cider is wanted for immediate use, or for consumption during the cooler season of the year, a small piece of lump sugar may be put into each bottle before corking it. When intended for keeping, it should be stored in a cool cellar, when the quality will be greatly improved by age. Ice Cream. — Put into a bucket 1 pound of ice broken very small, throw two handf uls of salt among it, and liave it in the coolest place you can find. Put the cream into an ice pot and cover it, immerse it in the ice and draw the ice around the pot so as to touch every part ; in a few minutes put in a spoon and stir the parts that lie around the edges to the center, stirring quickly, increases the cold. There should be lioles in the bucket to let out the Avater as the ice melts. The cream for icing is thus made: New milk, one quart; yolks of six eggs ; fine sugar, four ounces. Mix, strain, heat gentlj^, then cool. 2. Strawberry Ice Cream.— Take one pint of strawberries, one pint of cream, nearly half a pound of powdered white sugar, the juice of a lemon; mash the fruit through a sieve, and take out the seeds: Appendix to Saloon Department. 67 mix with the other articles, and freeze. A little new milk added makes the whole freeze more quickly. 3. Raspberry Ice Cream. — The same as strawberry. These ices are often colored by cochineal, but the addition is not advantage- ous to the flavor. Strawberry or raspberry jam may be used instead of the fresh fruit, or equal quantities of jam and fruit employed. Of course the quantity of sugar must be proportionately diminished. Strawberrj-Water Ice. — One large pottle of scarlet strawberries, the juice of a lemon, a pound of sugar, or one pint of strong syrup, half a pint of water. Mix, — first rubbing the fruit through a sieve, — and f leeze. 2. Raspberry-Water Ice. — In the same manner. 3* Lemon -Water Ice. — Lemon juice and water, each half a pint; strong syrup, one pint : the rind of the lemons should be rasped off, before squeezing, with lump sugar, which is to be added to the juice; mix the whole; strain after standing an hour, and freeze. Beat up with a little sugar the whites of two or three eggs, and as the ice is beginning to set, work this in with the spatula, which will much improve the consistence and taste. 4. Orange-Water Ice. — In the same way. Mead, Metheglin, Hydromel, or Bragget.— Various names for an intoxicating beverage made from honey, in use from the most remote ages among the ancient Britons and Scandinavians, and regarded ^^ those rude nations as an earthly nectar, and a drink immeasuraDiy superior to the wine of the grape or barley, as the various potations made from grain were called. Among the Welsh, mead, or metheglin, is still occasionally used, though as a general beverage it has long ceased to be esteemed. There are many modes of preparing this heavy drink; some by simply fermenting thehoney and water, others by making a strongly spiced decoction of the ingredients before allow- ing the mass to work. Those who are desirous of knowing how to manufacture the old English bragget, a beverage sold as one of the choicest articles in the country, will find the following receipe sufll- ciently near to make a very potent liquor : To 28 pounds of honey add 8/4 gallons of boiling water : mix thoroughly. Boil in half a gallon of water the peel of 3 lemons, 1 ounce of ginger, 2 drachms of mace, 1 drachm of cloves, and a small bundle of rosemary : strain, and add immediately to the hot mixture; stir the whole together, and set aside in a cask till quite cold. Mix two large spoonfuls of fresh yeast with a quart of the liquor ; pour into the cask, and allow it to remain till the fermentation has taken place, when the cask is to be bunged up. To obtain metheglin in perfection, it should remain a year in the wood untouched. It is then to be bottled, and kept for at lease six months before being used, when a very agreeable and potent liquor will be obtained. 68 Appendix to Saloon Department Bottling' and Fining-. — Corks should be sound, clean, and sweet. Beer and porter should be allowed to stand in the bottles a day or two before beiu^^ corked. If for speedy use, wiring is not necessary. Laying the bottles on their sides will assist the ripening for use. Those that are to be kept should be wired, and put to stand upright in saw- dust. Wines should be bottled in spring. If not fine enough, draw off a jugful and dissolve isinglass in it, in the proportion of half an ounce to ten gallons, and then pour back through the bung-hole. Let it stand for a few weeks longer. Tap the cask above the lees. When the isinglass is put into the cask, stir it round with a stick, taking great care not to touch the lees at the bottom. For white wine only, mix with the isinglass a quarter of a pint of milk to each gallon of wine, some whites of eggs, beaten with some of the wine. One white of an Qgg to four gallons makes a good fining. To Sweeten Casks. — Mix half a pint of vitriol with a quart of water, pour it into the barrel, and roll it about ; next day add one pound of chalk, and roll again. Bung down for three or four days, then rinse well with hot water. 2. Another. — To scour casks effectually rinse them with a solu- tion of vitriol and water, which will entirely deprive them of their foulness. To Loosen Glass Stoppers of Bottles. — With a feather rub a drop or two of salad oil round the stopper, close to the moutli of the bottle or decanter, which must then be placed before the fire, at the distance of about eighteen inches ; the heat will cause the oil to insinuate itself between the stopper and the neck. When the bottle or decanter has grown warm, gently strike the stopper on one side, and then on the other, with any light wooden instrument; then try it with the hand ; if it will not yet move, place it again before the fire, adding another drop of oil. After a while strike again as before ; and, by persevering in this process, however tightly it may be fastened in, you will at length succeed in loosening it. This is decidedly the best plan. Freezing Mixture Without Ice.— Nearly fill a gallon stone bottle with hot spring water, (leaving room for about one pint) and put in two ounces of refined nitre. The bottle must be stopped very close and let down into a deep well. After three or four hours it will be completely frozen, but the bottle must be broken to procure the ice. If the bottle is moved up and down so as to be sometimes in and sometimes out of the water, the consequent evaporation will hasten the process. 2. Washing Soda as a Freezing Mixture.— If, however, nitrate of ammonia in coarse powder is put into the cooler, and there is then added twice its weight of freshly crushed washing soda, and an equal quantity of the coldest water that can be obtained, an intensely pow- erful frigorific mixture is the result, the cold often falling to forty Appendix to Saloon Department 69 degrees below freezing. This is by far the most efficacious freezing mixture that can be made without tlie use of ice or acids. But, unfortunately, it has an almost insuperable objection, that the nitrate of ammonia is decomposed by the soda, and cannot be recovered by evaporation ; this raises the expense to so great a height, that the plan is practically useless. 3. The New Freezing Preparation Without Ice or Acids obviates all these objections. It is easy of use, not corrosive in its properties, and capable of being used at any time, at a minute's notice ; is easy of transport, being in a solid form, and, moreover, moderate in its cost. In India, to which country it has been exported in enormous quantities, it has excited the most lively interest, and the Nepaulese princes, when in London, paid the greatest attention to its use. It consists of two powders, the first of which Is composed of one part, by weight, of muriate of ammonia, or sal-ammoniac powder, and intimately mixed with two parts by weight of nitrate of potash, or saltpetre. These quantities are almost exactly in (what is called by chemists) the combining proportions of the two salts, and by reacting on each other, the original compounds are destroyed, and in the place of muriate of ammonia and nitrate of potash, we have nitrate of ammonia and muriate of potash ; thus we have succeeded in producing nitrate of ammonia at a cheap rate, accompanied by another salt, the muriate of potash, which also produces considerable cold when dissolved: but this mixture, used alone, cannot be regarded as a freezing one, although very efficient in cooling. The other powder is formed simply of the best Scotch soda, crushed in a mortar, or bj'' passing through a mill ; although, as hitherto prepared, its appearance has been disguised by the admixture of small quantities of other materials, which have, however, tended to diminish its efficacy. The two powders so prepared must be separately kept in closely-covered vessels, and in as cool a place as possible; for if the crushed soda is exposed to the air, it loses the water it contains, and is considerably weakened in power; and if the other mixture is exposed, it attracts moisture from the air, and dissolves in it — becoming useless. To use the mixture, take an equal bulk of the two powders, mix them together by stirring, and immedi- ately introduce them into the ice-pail, or vessel in which they are to be dissolved, and pour on as much water (the coldest that can be obtained) as is sufficient to dissolve them; if a pint measure of each of the powders is used, they will require about a pint of water to dissolve them. More water than is necessary should not be used, as in that case the additional water is cooled instead of the substance that it is wished to freeze. Less than a pint of each powder, and about the same quantity of water, will be found sufficient to ice two bottles of wine, one after the other, in the hottest of weather, if a tub is used of such a size as to prevent the waste of materials. yo Appeiidix to Saloon Department. To Clean Bottles. — There is no easier method of cleanirg glass bottles than putting into them line coals, and well shaking, either with water or not, hot or cold, according to the substance that fouls the bottle. Charcoal left in a bottle or jar for a little time will take away disagreeable smells. 2. To Purify. — Rinse with lime water, or water and powdered charcoal. Soda Water Powders. — One pound of carbonate of soda, 4d., and thirteen and a half ounces of tartaric acid, at 2s. per pound, supply the materials for 256 powders of each sort. Usual retail price. Id. for the two powders required for a draught. Put into blue papers thirty grains of carbonate of soda, and into white papers twenty-five grains of tartaric acid. Directions. — Dissolve the contents of the blue paper in half a tumbler of water, stir in the other powder, and drink during efiervescence. Soda powders furnish a saline beverage which is very slightly laxative, and well calculated to allay the thirst in hot weather. Cheap and Good Yinegar. — To eiglit gallons of clear rain water, add three quarts of molasses; tarn the mixture into a clean, tight cask, shake it well two or three times, and add three spoonfuls of good yeast, or two yeast cakes; place the cask in a warm place, and in ten or fifteen days add a sheet of common wrapping paper, smeared with molasses, and torn into narrow strips, and j^ou will have good vinegar. The paper is necessary to form the " mother," or life of the vinegar. Fermentation, To Clieck. — The least bit of sulj^hate of Potass. It is applicable to liquors, syrups, preserves, etc. Bologna Sausages. — Take equal quantities of bacon, fat and lean, beef, veal, pork, and beef suet; chop them small, season with pepper, salt, etc., sweet herbs, and sage rubbed fine. Have a well-washed intestine, fill, and prick it; boil gently for an hour, and lay on straw to dry. They may be smoked the same as hams. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. I would pve an introductory word of caution m this Department. "Whenever you buy an article of medicine which is not regularly labeled by the druggist, have him, in all cases, write the name upon it. In this way you will not only save money, but perhaps life. Arsenic, phosphorus, laudanum, acids, etc., should always be put where children cannot get at them. And always purchase the best quality of drugs, to insure success. ALCOHOL— In Medicines, Preferable to Brandy, Rnm, or Gin of tlie Present Day. — There is no one thing doing so much to bolster up tlie tottering yet strong tower of Intemperance, as the old-fogy physicians, who are constantly prescribing these articles to their patients, and one-half of the reason for it is to cover the faults of their own constant use of these beverages. This unnecessary call for these articles thus used as a medicine, keeps up a large demand; and when we take into consideration the almost impossibility of obtaining a genuine article, the sin of prescribing them becomes so much the greater, when it is also known by all really scientific men that with alcohol (which is pure) and the native fruit wines, cid^r, and cider wines, (which every one can make for themselves, and can thus know their purity,) that all the indications desired to be fulfilled in curing disease can be accomplished without their use. Then, when it is deemed advisable to use spirits to preserve any bitters or syrups from souring, instead of 1 qt. of brandy, rum, or gin, use the best alcohol, % pt., with about 2 or 3 ozs. of crushed sugar for this amount, increasing or lessening according to the amount desired in these proportions. If a diuretic effect is desired, which is calculated to arise where gin is prescribed, put 1 dr. of oil of juniper into the alcohol before reducing with the water; or if the preparation admits of it you may put in from 1 to 2 ozs. of juniper berries Instead of the oil. If the astringent effect is desired, as from brandy, use, say 1^ oz. of gum kino or catechu, either, or half of eac h may be used. If the sweating or opening properties are required, as indicated by the prescription of rum, sweeten with molasses in place of the sugar, and use 1 dr. of oil of caraway, or 1 to 2 ozs. of the seed, for the same amount, as the juniper berries for gin. 72 Dr. Chase's Recipes. If the strength of wine only is desired, use 1 qt. of the ginger wine, or if that flavor is not fancied, use any otlier of the wines, as preferred by tlie patient. But no one should use any of the descriptions of alcohol as a constant beverage, even in medicine, unless advised to do so by a physician who is not himself a toper. If families will follow the directions above given, and use proper care in malting some of the various fruit wines as given in this book for medical use, preparing cider, etc., whicli are often used in prescriptions they would seldom, if ever, be obliged to call for the pretended pure brandies, rums, gins, etc., of commerce, and intemper- ance would die a natural death for want of support. And you will please allow me here to correct a common error, with regard to tlie presence of alcohol in wines. It is generally supposed that wine made from fruit, v/ithout putting some kind of spirits into it, does not contain any alcohol; but a greater mistake does not exist in the world. Any fruit, the juice of wliich will not pass into the vinous fermentation by wliicli alcohol is produced, will not make wine at all. Distillation will produce brandy or alcohol from any of these fermented liquors. There is no wine, of any note, containing less than 10 parts of alcohol to 100 parts of the wine; and from tliat amount up to 253^ parts; currant, 20)^; gooseberry, 11 ^ ; cider, from 5 to 9 parts; porter, 43^; even small beer, 1^ parts or qts. to 100 qts. So it will be seen that every quart of fruit wine not made for medicine, or sacramental purposes, helps to build up the cause (Intemperance) which we all so much desire not to encourage. And for tliose who take any kind of spirits for the sake of the spirit, let me give you the following: 2. " Spiritual Facts. — That whis-key is the key by which many gain entrance into our prisons and alms-houses. 3. That brandy brands the noses of all those who cannot govern their appetites. 4. "Thiit punch is the cause of many w;ifriendly puncJies. 6. That ale causes many aUings, while beer brings to the bier. 6. That wine causes many to take a winding way home. 7. That c/iam-pagne is the cause of many real pains. §. That gin slings have ''slewed " more than slings of oW AGUE MEDICINES.— Dr. Krieder's Pills.— Quinine, 20 grs.; Dover's powders, 10 grs. ; sub-carbonate of iron, 10 grs. ; mix with mucilage of gum arable and form into 20 pills. DosE.— Two each hour, commencing 5 hours before the chill should set in. Then take one night and morning, until all are taken. I cured myself of Ague with this pill after having it hang on to Medical Department. 73 me for three years with all the common remedies of the day, five weeks being the longest I could keep it off, until I obtained the above pill. This was before I had studied medicine. I have cured many others with it also, never having to repeat the dose only in one case. In attacks of ague it is best to take an active cathartic immediately after the first "fit,'' unless the bowels are lax, which is not generall}^ the case, and by the time the cathartic has worked oft' well, you will be prepared to go ahead with the " cure," as soon as you know its periodical return. 2. For ^iivj young children notliing is better than 5 or G grs. of quinine in a 2 oz. vial, with one table-spoon of white sugar; then fill Avith water. Dose. — A tea-spoon given as above, as to time. A thick solution of licorice, however, hides the taste of the quinine quite efi'ectualiy. 3. Ague Bitters. — Quinine, 40 grs.; capsicum, 20 grs., cloves, J^ oz. ; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; Avhisky, 1 pt. ; mix. Dose. — 1 to 2 table-spoons every 2 hours, beginning 8 hours before the chill comes on, and 3 times daily for several days. Or, if preferred without spirits, take the following : 4. Ague Powder. — Quinine, 10 grs,; capsicum, 4 grs.; mix, and divide into 3 powders. Directions. — Take one 4 hours before the chill, one 2 hours, and the third one hour before the chill should commence, and it will very seldom commence again. Or, 5. Ague Mixture without (Juiniiic. — Mrs. Wadsworth, a few miles south of this city, has been using the following Ague mixture over twenty years, curing, she says, more than forty cases, witiiout a failure. She takes — Mandrake root, fresh dug, and pounds it ; then squeezes out the juice to obtain l)^ table-spoons, with which she mixes the same quantity of molasses; then divides it into 3 equal doses of 1 table- spoon each, to be given 2 hours apart, commencing so as to take au hour before the chill. It sickens and vomits some, but she says it will scarcely ever need repeating. Then steep dogwood bark, (some call it box-wood,) make it strong, and continue to drink it freely for a week or two, at least. 6. Ague Cure, by a Clairvoyfint. — There is no doubt in my mind but what there is much virtue in the following clairvoyant prescription, for I have knowledge of the value of one of the roots. See "Colic Remedy'' : Blue vervain, leaf and top, 1 lb.; bone-set, 3^ lb.; best rye whisky, 1 gal. The dose was not given, but most persons would take a wine-glass five or six times daily. 7. Ague Cured for a Penny. — It has been discovered that nitric 4 74 ^^' Chase' s Recipes. acid is of great value in the treatment of Intermittent Fever, or Ague. A ph}^sician administered the article in twenty-three cases of such fever, and it was successful in all but one, in interrupting the paroxysms, and there occurred no relapse. In the majority of cases, 5 or G drops of the strong acid, given in a little gum mucilnge, every 8 liours, until 60 drops liad been taken, were found sufficient to break the fever, and restore the patient to health. The foregoing confirms the following: 8. Asriie Anodyne. — Muriatic acid and laudanum, of each 3^ oz.; quinine, 40 grs. ; brandy, 4 ozs. Take 1 tea-spoon 9, 6. and 3 hours before the chill, until broken; then at 7, 15, and 21 days after, take 3 doses, and no relapse will be likely to occur. I am well satisfied that any preparation of opium, as laudanum, morphine, etc., which aftects the nerves, is valuable in ague medicine, from its intimate connection with, if not entirely confined to, the nervous system ; hence the advantage of the first Ague Pill, the opium being in the Dover's powders. 1 have given this lai'ge number of preparations, and follow with one or two more, from the fact that almost every physician will have a peculiar prescription of his own, and is generally free to contribute his mite for the benefit of the world; and as I have seen about as much of it as most book-makers, I have come in for a large share. The nature of the articles recommended is such also as to ji»stify tlieir insertion in this work. 9. Febrifuge Wine. — Quinine, 25 grs. ; water, 1 pt. ; sulphuric acid, 15 drops; Epsom salts, 2 ozs.; brandy, 1 gill; loaf sugar, 2 ozs,; color with tincture of red sanders. Dose. — A wine-glass 3 times per day. This is highlj'- recommended by a regular practicing physician in one of the ague holes (Saginaw) of the west. It, of course, can be taken without any previous preparation of the system. 10. Tojiic Wine Tincture. — A positive cure for Ague, without quinine. Peruvian bark, 2 ozs.; wild cherrj^-tree bark, 1 oz. ; cinnamon, 1 dr. ; capsicum, 1 tea-spoon; sulphur, 1 oz.; port wine, 2 qts. Let stand a week, shaking occasionally. All the articles are to be pulverized. Dose. — A wine-glass every 2 or 3 hours through the day until broken, then 2 or 3 times per day until all is used. Always buy your Peruvian bark, and pulverize it yourself, as most of tlie pulverized article is greatly adulterated. This is the reason why more cures are not performed by it. 11. Soot Coffee — Has cured many cases of Ague, after "every- thing else " liad failed. It is made as follows; Soot scraped from a cliimney, (that from stove-pipes does not do,) 1 tablespoon, steeped in water 1 pt., and settled with 1 it^g beaten up Medical Department. 75 in a little water, as for other coffee, with sugar and cream, 3 times daily with the meals, in place of other coffee. It has come in very much to aid restoration in Typhoid Fever, bad cases of Jaundice, Dyspepsia, etc., etc. Many persons will stick up their noses at these " old oTandmother prescriptions," but I tell many "upstart physicians" that our grand- mothers are carrying more information out of the world, by their deaths, than will ever be possessed by this c hiss of "sniffei-s," and/ really thank God, so do thousands of others, that He has enabled me, in this work, to reclaim such an amount of it for the benefit of the world. 12. Balmony, % of a pint basin of loose leaves; till with boiling water and steep; drink the whole in the course of the day, and repeat 3 or 4 days, or until well. It has cured many cases of Ague. It is valuable in Jaundice, and all diseases of the Liver; and also for worms, by the mouth and by Injection. It is also valuable in D3^spepsia, Inflammatory and Febrile diseases, generally. NIGHT SWEATS— To Relieye.-- After Agues, Fevers, etc., and in Consumption, many persons are troubled with " Night Sweats." They are caused by weakness or general debility. For their relief: Take ess. of tans}", 3^ oz.; alcohol, J^^ oz. ; water, ^ oz. ; quinine, 15 grs. ; muriatic acid, 30 drops; mix. Dose. — 1 tea-spoon in a gill of cold sage tea. It should be taken two or three times during the day, and at bed time; and the cold sage tea should be used freely as a drink, also, until cured. It will even cure Ague, also, by repeating the above dose every hour, beginning twelve to lifteen hours before the chill. FETERS. — General Improved Treatment for Bilious, Typlioid, and Scarlet Fevers, Congestive Chills, etc. ; also valuable in Diarrlioea, Summer-Complaint, Cliolera-Infantuni, and all Forms of Fever in Children. — Tlie symptoms of fever are generally under- stood, yet I vv'ill give the characteristic features by which it will always be detected : Cold chills followed by a hot skin; a quickened pulse, with a weak and languid feeling of distress ; also, loss of appetite, thirst, restlessness, scanty excretions; in fact, every function of the body is more or less deranged. Of course, then, that which will restore all the different machinery to healthy action, will restore health. That is what the following Febrifuge has done in hundreds of cases — so attested to by " Old Doctor Cone," from whose work on "Fevers and Febrile Diseases" I first obtained the outlines of the treatment, and it gives me pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to him through fourteen years of neighborhood acquaintance, alwaj'S finding him as willing to communicate as qualified to practice, and 76 Dr. Chasers Recipes. daring, in breaking away from "Medical Society Rules," to accom- plish good. Febrifuge for Feyers in (xeneral.— Carbonate of ammonia, 2 drs. ; alum, 1 dr.; capsicum, foreign gentian, Colombo root, and prussiate of iron, all pulverized, of each ^o ^^'' '1 "^ix> by putting into a bottle, adding cold water, 4 ozs. Dose. — One tea-spoon to a grown person, every 2 hours, in common cases of fever. It may be sweet- ened, if preferred. Sliake Avell eacli time before giving, jmd keep tlie bottle tiglitly corked. The i)l)ilosophy of this treatment is, the caibonnate of ammonia neutralizes the acidity of the stomach, and determines to, and relaxes tlie surface; and with tlie capsicum is a hundred per cent, more effi- cient. The ahun constringes, soothes, and aids in i-elieving the irritated and engorged nuicous membrane of the stomach, and linally operates as a gentle laxative. The Colombo and gentian are gently astringent and stimulating, but chiefly tonic, and tlie prussiate of iron is tonic; and in their combination are (as experience will and has proved) the most efficient and safe Febrifuge, in all forms and grades of fever yet known. We therefore wish to state tliat, after twenty-live years' experience in the treatment of disease, we have not been able to obtain a knowledge of anj^ course of treatment that will begin to compare witli that given above, for the certain, speedy and effectual cure of all forms of fever; and all that is requisite, is, to have sufficient confidence in the course of treatment recommended; to use it from thi-ee to five, and in extreme cases, seven days as directed, and that confidence will be inspired in all who use it, whether physician (if unprejudiced) or patient, or the heads of families. Eemember, all processes in nature require time for their accom- plishment. After the patient has been twenty-four hours without fever, or if the patient be pale, blanched, with a cool surface and feeble pulse, at the commencement of fever, prepare the following ; 2. Febrifuge Tea. — Take Viiginia snakeroot and valerian root, of each 2 drs. ; boiling water one pt. Pour the boiling water on the I'oots and steep 1^ an hour, and give a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge and a table-spoon of this Tea together every 2 hours, and after he has been another 24 hours witiiout fever, give it every 3 or 4 hour-s, until the patient has good appetite and digestion, then 3 times daily, just before meals, until the patient has gained consid- erable strength, when it may be entirely discontinued; or he may continue the simple infusion, to aid digestion. A strong tea of wild cherry bark makes the best substitute for the snakeroot tea, and especially if mercury has been previously used in the case; and if it has, it is best to continue the cherry bark tea until the patient is entirely recovered. Medical Department. 77 A patient using this treatment, if bilious, may vomit bile a few times, or if there is congestion of the stomach, he will probably vomit occasionally for a few hours, but it will soon subside. It will not purge, except a patient be very bilious, in wliich case there will probably be two or three bilious discharges ; but it gives so much tone to the action of the stomach and bowels as to secure regular operations ; but if the bowels should not be moved in two or three days, give injections of warm water, or warm water with a little salt in it. Give the patient all the plain, wholesome diet, of any kind, he will take, especially broiled ham, mush and rich milk, boiled rice, milk or dry toast, hot mealy potatoes, boiled or roasted, with good fresh butter, etc., etc. ; and good pure cold water, or tea and coffee, seasoned to the taste, as drinks, and keep the person and bed clean, and room quiet and undistuibed by conversation, or any other noise, and see that it is well ventilated. If there should be extreme pain in the head when the fever is at the highest, or in the back or loins, and delirium at night, with intol- erance of light and noise ; in such cases, in addition to keeping the room cool, dark, and quiet, and giving the febrifuge regularly, as above directed, take the following : S« Fever Liniment,— Sulphuric ether and aqua ammonia, of each 1 oz. ; muriate of ammonia, ig oz. ; mix, and shake the bottle, and wet the scalp and all pamful parts, every 2 or 3 hours, until the pain abates. Keep tightly corked. After the application of the liniment, fold a muslin cloth four or five thicknesses, dip it in cold water, and apply it to the head or any part afflicted with sevare pain; or to the pit of the stomach, if there be much vomiting ; and it may be renewed every three or four hours. Besides the above treatment, dip a towel in cold water, and rub the patient off briskly and thoroughly, and be careful to wipe perfectly dry, with a clean, hot and dry towel ; this may be repeated every three or four hours, if the skin be very hot and dry ; but if the surface be pale, cool, moist, livid, or lead-colored, omit the general sponging ; but the face, neck and hands may be washed occasionally, but be sure to wipe perfectly dry with a clean, hot and dry towel. But if he be very pale and blanched, with a cool or cold surface, or have a white circle around his mouth and nose, or be covered with a cold, clammy perspir- ation, give the Febrifuge every hour, until the above symptoms disappear, giving the patient hot coffee or tea, pennyroyal, sage, balm, or mint tea, r.s hot as he can sup them, and as freely as possible, and make hot applications to his person, and put a bottle of hot water to the soles of his L-et ; and after this tendency to prostration is overcome, then give the Febrifuge once in two hours as before only. Children will use the medicine in all respects as directed for grown persons, giving to a child one year old a fourth of a tea-spoon, or 78 Dr. Chasers Recipes. fifteen drops ; if under a year old, a little less, (we have frequently arrested Cholera Infantum with the Febrifuge, in children under six months old, and in some instances under a month old,) and increase the dose in proportion to the age above a year old, giving half a tea-spoon to a child from three to six, and three-fourths of a tea-spoon from six to ten years old, and so on ; and be sure to offer children some food several times a day, the best of which is broiled smoked ham, good stale wheat bread boiled in good i-ich milk, mush and milk, boiled rice, etc. but animal die t agrees best, and especially in cases or Summer Com- plaint, or Cholera Infantum, the diet had better be almost exclusively animal. It will be difficult to use the infusion of snakeroot with children that are too young to obey the mandate of parents, and the Febrifuge may be mttde sweet, with white or loaf sugar, for young children, so as to cover its taste as much as possible, but older children will be benefited very much by the use of the infusion of snakeroot and valerian, and should take it as prescribed for adults, of course, adapting the dose to the age of the patient. 4. Note. — The above treatment, if persevered in for a short time, is effectual in arresting Diarrhoea, Summer Complaint, Cholera Infantum, and all forms of Fever in children. Give it every two hours, or if the j)atient be very feeble and corpse-like, give it every hour until there is reaction, and then give it every two hours, as prescribed for fever in general, and you will be satisfied with the result after a short time. 5. Typhoid Fever.— If the patient be Typhoid, that is, if his tongue be brown or black, and dry in the centre, with glossy red edges ; if he have Diarrhoea, with thin, watery, or muddy stools, and a tumid or swollen belly, he will pr obably have a rapid, or frequent, and small pulse, and be delirious • and rest but little at night ; under these circumstances, give the Febrifuge in the Tea, No. 2, as for fevers in general, every two hours, and give, also, the following: 6. Febrifiig-e Balsam.— Gum camphor, 80 grs. ; balsam copaiba, sweet spirits of nitre, compound spirits of lavender, of each 3^ oz. Shake the vial, and give forty drops every four hours, in v;ith the other medicine, until the tongue becomes moist, and the Diarrhoea is pretty well subdued, when you will discontinue this preparation, and continue the Febrifuge and snakeroot tea, as directed for fever in general. Note. — We do not believe that one case of fever in a thousand will develop Typhoid symptoms, unless such cases have been injured in the treatment of the first stage, by a reducing course of medicine, as bleed- ing, vomiting, emetic tarr.ar, purging, especially with calomel, and compound extract of colocynth, or oil, salts, or infusion of senna, and the common cooling powder, which is composed of saltpetre or nitre, and tartar emetic or ipecac, all of which irritate the mucous membrane Medical Department. 79 of the stomach and bowels, and consequently produce determination of blood to these parts, that results in irritation, engorgement, congestion, inflammation, and consequently Typhoid Fever. If fever is attended with the Dysentery, or Bloody-Flux, it should be treated in the same manner precisely as Typhoid Fever, as it is nothing but Typhoid Fever with inflammation of the large, and some- times small bowels. The treatment given for Typhoid Fever above, will cure all forms of Dysentery as it does fever, but the bloody and slimy discharges will continue for two or three days after the fever is subdued and the appetite and digestion are restored, and at times, especially if t]i3 patient discharge bile, which will be green, there will be a good deal of pain at stool, which, however, will soon subside. 7. Scarlet Fever.— If you have Scarlet Fever, treat it in all respects as fever in general, and if the patient's throat should show any indications of swelling, apply the Fever Liniment No. 3, and make the application of cold water in the same manner as there directed ; and it had better be repeated every three or four hours until the swelling is entirely subdued, when the wet cloth should be substituted by a warm, dry, flannel one ; but if the patient's throat should ulcerate, give a few drops of the Febrifuge every half hour, or hour, until the dark sloughs separate, and the throat looks red and clean, when you need only give the medicine at regular intervals, as recommended for fever in general, that is, every two hours. If this treatment be pursued at the onset, the throat will seldom, if ever, ulcerate. 8. Congestive, or Sinking Chill. — In case of Congestive, or Sink- ing Chill, give the Febrifuge as directed for fever in general ; but if the patient be insensible and cold, or drenched in a cold perspiration, give the Febrifuge in a table-spoon of the snakeroot and valerian tea every hour until the patient becomes warm, and then give it every two hours to within twelve hours of the time he anticipates another chill, when you will give the following : 9. Stimulating Tonic. — Sulphate of quinine, 20 grs. ; pulverized capsicum, 30 grs.; pulverized carbonate ot ammonia, 90 grs.; mix and put into a bottle, and add 15 tea-spoons of cold water, and give a tea- spoon, together with a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge, every hour, either alone, or what is better, in a tea-spoon of the snakeroot and valerian tea, for 15 hours. The patient should lie in bed and drink freely of pennyroyal tea, or hot cofiee, or some other hot tea, and after the time has elapsed for the chill, give the same as for fever in general, until the patient is entirely recovered. The above treatmeat will arrest any form of Ague, and the after treatment will, with any degree of care, prevent its return. Or the Ague may be arrested most speedily, by taking one grain of 8o Dr. Chase' s Recipes, quinine in a tea-spoon of the Febrifuge every hour for six hours pre- ceding a paroxysm, and then pursue the above tonic course. I have given tlie foregoing treatment for fevers, because I know that it is applicable in all cases, and that the articles are kept by all druggists. But there is a better, because quicker method of cure, and 1 am very sorry to say that for want of knowledge in regard to the value of medicine, it is not usually kept by druggists. I mean the Tincture of Gelseminum, It is an unrivaled Febrifuge. It relaxes the system, without permanent prostration of strength. Its specific action is to cloud the vision, give double-sightedness and inability to open the eyes, with distressed prostration ; which will gradually oass off in a few hours, leaving the patient refreshed, and if combined with quinine, completely restored. To administer it : 10. Take the tincture of gelseminum, 50 drops, put into a vial, and add 5 tea-spoons of water ; quinine, 10 grs. Shake when used. Dose. — One tea-spoon in half a glass of sweetened water, and repeat every two hours. Watch carefully its action, and as soon as you discover its specific action, as mentioned above, give no more. Dr. Hale, of this city, one of the more liberal class of physicians (and I use the term liberal as synonymous with the term successful,) prefers to add twenty-five drops of the tincture of veratrum viride with the gelseminum, and give as there directed. And in case that their fall specific action should be brought on, give a few spoons of brandy, to raise the patient from his stupor, or what is preferable : 11. Carbonate of ammonia, 3=^ oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; mix. Dose.-^ One table-spoon every 15 or 20 minutes, until revived. If Dr. Hale's addition should be used, it will be found applicable in all cases of fever, except in Typhoid accompanied with its own exces- sive prostration ; without the addition of the veratrum \K is applicable in all cases of fever above described. Of course, in all cases where the fever is thus subdued, you will continue quinine, or some other appro- priate tonic treatment, to perfect a cure, and prevent a relapse. And it might not be amiss here to give a plan of preparing a nourishing and agreeable lemonade for the sick, and especially for persons afflicted with fever : 12. Lemonade, Nourishing, for Fever Patients.— Arrowroot, 2 or 3 tea-spoons, rubbed up with a little cold water, in a bowl or pitcher which will hold about 1 qt. ; then squeeze in the juice of half of a good sized lemon, with two or three table-spoons of white sugar, and pour on boiling water to fill the dish, constantly stirring whilst adding the boiling water. Cover the dish, and when cold, it may be freely drank to allay thirst, as also to nourish the weak. But some will prefer the following : Medical Department, 8i 13. Prof. Hiifeland's Drink for Feyer Patients or Excessire Thirst.— Cream of tartar, i^ oz. ; water, 3 qts. ; boil until dissolved ; after taking it from the fire, add a sliced orange, with Irom l)^ to 3 ozs. of white sugar, according to the taste of the patient ; bottle and keep cool.' To be used for a common drink in fevers of all grades, and at any- time when a large amount of drink is craved by the invalid. Neither is there any bad taste to it for those in health. UTERINE HEMORilHAGES.-Prof. Piatt's Treatment, Twenty Years without a Failure.— Sugar of lead, 10 grs. ; ergot, 10 grs. ; opium, 3 grs. ; ipecac, 1 gr. ; all pulverized and well mixed. Dose. — 10 to 12 grs., given in a little honey or syrup. In very bad cases after childbirth, it might be repeated in thirty minutes, or tlie dose increased to fifteen or eighteen grains; but in cases of rather profuse wasting, I'epeat it once at the end of three hours, will usually be found all that is necessary. If not, repeat occasionally, as the urgency of the case may seem to require. Prof. Piatt is connected with Antioch College, O., and has been a very successful practitioner. DYSPEPSIA. — In the good old days of corn bread and crust coffee, there was but little trouble with Dj^spepsia; but since the days of fashionable intemperance, both in eating and drinking, such as spirit- uous liquors, wines, beers, ale, tea, and coffee, hot bread or biscuit, high seasoned food, overloading the stomach at meals, and constant eating and drinking between meals, bolting the food, as called — that is, swallowing it without properly chewing — excessive venery, want of out-door exercise, with great anxiety of mind as to how the means can be made to continue the same indulgences, etc., all have a tendency to debilitate the stomach, and bring on, or cause Dyspepsia. And it would seem to the Author that the simple statement of its cause — the truth of which no one can reasonably doubt — would be sufficient to at least suggest its cure. But I am willing to state that, as a general thing, this over-indulgence would not be continued, nor would it have been allowed, had they known its awful consequences. I know that this was true in my own case, in all its points; this was, of course, before I had studied, or knew but little of, the power of the human system or the practice of medicine, and it was for the purpose of finding something to cure myself, that I commenced its study; for it was by years of over-indulgence at table, and between meals, in the grocery business which I was carrying on, that I brought on such a condition of the stomach that eating gave me the most intolerable suffering — a feeling almost impossible to describe ; first a feeling of goneness or want of support at the stomach ; heat, lassitude, and finally pain, until a thousand deaths would have been a great relief; drink was craved, and the more I drank the more intolerable 82 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, the suffering — apple cider, vinegar and water made palatable with sugar, excepted. It might be asked at this point, what did I do? I would ask, what could I do? Eat, I could not; drink, I could not. Then what else was to be done, only to do without either. What, starve? No. Treatment. — Take, — no just stop taking. *' Throw all medicine to the dogs," — yes, and food also. What, starve ? No, but simply get hungry. Who ever heard of a dyspeptic^ being hungry? at least, tnose who eat three meals a day. They eat because tlie victuals taste good — mouth hunger only. The last year or two of my dyspeptic life, I only ate because it was eating time, and supposed I must eat or die, when I only died forty deaths by eating. All physicians whose books I have read, and all whose prescrip- tions I have obtained, say: ''Eat little and often; drink little and often.'' I say eat a little, and at the right time — that is, when hungry at the stomach; drink a little, and at the right time — that is, after digestion. And it is of just as much importance to eat and drink the right tiling, as at the right time. Persons have been so low in Dyspepsia, that even one tea-spoon of food on the stomach would not rest. In such cases let nothing be taken by mouth for several days; but inject gruel, rice water, rich broths, etc. But these cases occur very seldom. First. — Then, with ordinary cases, if there is much heat of the stomach, at bed-time, wet a towel in cold water, wringing it out that it may not drip, and lay it over the stomach, having a piece of flannel over it to prevent wetting the clothes. This will soon allay the heat, but keep it on during the night, and at any subsequent time, as may be needed. Second. — In the morning, 'if you have been in the habit of eating about two large potatoes, two pieces of steak, two slices of bread, or from four to six hot pancakes, or two to four hot biscuits, and drinking one to three cups of tea or coffee— Hold, hold, you cry. No, let me go on. I have many times seen all these eaten, with butter, honey, or molasses, too large in amount to be mentioned, with a taste of every other thing on the table, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, etc., etc., and all by dyspeptics; but, You will stop this morning on half of one potato, two inches square of steak, and half of one slice of cold wheat bread — or I prefer, if it will agree with you, that you use the " Yankee Brown Bread,'' only the same quantity; eat very slow^ cheio perfectJy fine, and swallow it without watevt tea, or coffee; neither nmst you drink any, not a drop, until one hour before meal time again, then as little as possible, so as you think not quite to choke to death. Third. — The question now to be settled is, did you siLffer from the Medical Department. 83 abundance of your breakfast, or from the kind of food taken ? If you did take less next time, or change the hind^ until you ascertain the proper quantity and kind, which enables you to overcome this exceed- ing suftering after meals; nay, more, which leaves you perfectly comfortable after meals. Lastly. — You now have the whole secret of curing the worst case of Dyspepsia in tlie world. You will, however, bear in mind that years have been spent in indulgence; do not, therefore, expect to cure it in days^ nay, it will take months^ possibly a whole year of self- denial, watchfulness, and care; and even then, one overloading of the stomach at a Christmas pudding will set you back again for months. Make up your mind to eat only simple food, and that in small quan- tities, notwithstanding an over anxious wife, or other friend, will say, now do try a little of this nice pie, pudding, or other dish, no matter what it may be. Oh, now, do have a cup of this nice coffee, they will often ask; but no, no, must be the invariable answer, or you are again a "goner." For there is hardly an}' disease equally liable to relapse as Dyspepsia; and indulgence in a variety of food, or overeating any one kind, or even watery vegetables or fruit, will be almost certain to make the patient pay dear for the whistle. Then you must eat only such food as 3'ou know to agree with you, and in just as small quantities as will keep you in health. Drink no fluids until digestion is over, or about four hours after eating, until the stomach has become a little strong, or toned up to bear it, then one cup of the "Dyspeptic Coffee," or one cup of the "Coffee Made Healthy," may be used. But more difficulty is experienced from over- drinking than overeating. Most positivelj'' must dyspeptics avoid cold water with their meals. If the saliva and gastric juice are diluted with an abundance of any fluid, they never liave the same properties to aid, or carry on digestion, which they had before dilution. Then the only hope of the dyspeptic is to use no fluid with his food, nor until digestion has had her perfect work. Caution. — I may be allowed to give a word of caution to mothers as well as all others. One plate of food is enough for health — two, and even three, are often eaten. Most persons have heard of the lady who did not want a ''cartload," but when she got to eating, it all disappeared, and the retort, "Back up your cart and I will load it again," was just what I would have expected to hear if the load had been given to a dyspeptic, which it no doubt Avas. Then learn the proper amount of food necessary for health, and when that is eaten by yourself or child, stop. If pudding is on the table, and you choose to have a little of it, it is all I'ight — have some pudding; if pie, have a piece of pie; or cake, have a piece of cake; but do not have all, and that after you have eaten twice as much meat victuals as health requires. If apples, melons, raisins, or nuts are on the table, and 84 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. you wish some of them, eat them before meal, and never after it. If surprise is manifested around you, say you eat to live^ not live to eat. The reason for this is, that persons will eat all they need, and often more, of common food, then eat nuts, raisins, melons, etc., until the stomach is not only filled beyond comfort, but actually distended to its utmost capacity of endurance; being led on by the taste^ when if the reverse course was taken, the stomach becomes satisfied when a proper amount of the more common food has been eaten, after the others. Are you a grocer, and constantly nibbling at raisins, candy, cheese apples, and every other edible ? Stop until just before meal, then eat what you like, go to your meal, and return, not touching again until meal-time, and you are safe; continue the nibbjing and you do it at tiie sacrifice of future health. Have you children, or other young persons under you care ? See that they eat only a reasonable quantity at meals and not anything between them. Do this^ and I am willing to be called a fool by the younger ones, which I am sure to be* but do it not, and t?ie fool will suffer for his folly. Tou may consider me a hard doctor. Be it so then. The drunk- ard calls him hard names who says, give up your "cups." But as sure as he would die a drunkard, so sure will you die a dyspeptic unless you give up your overeating and overdrinking of water, tea, coffee, wine, beer, ale, etc. Now you know the consequences, suit yourselves; but I have paid too dearly for my experience, not to lift a warning voice, or spare the guilty. In recent cases, and in cases brought on by over-indulgence at some extra rich meal, you will find the "Dj^^speptic Tea," made from " Thompson's Composition," will be all suflicient, as spoken of under that head, which see. 2. The wild black cherries put into Jamaica rum, are highly recommended, made very strong with the cherries, and without sugar; but I should say put them into some of the domestic wines, or what would be still better, make a wine directly from them, according to the directions under the head of "Fruit Wines." 3. Old "Father Pinkney," a gentleman of ninety years of age, assures me that he has cured many bad cases of Dyspepsia, where they would give up their over-indulgences, by taking: Blue flag root, washed clean, and free from specks and rotten streaks, then pounding it and i^utting into a little warm water, and straining out the milky juice, and adding sufficient pepper-sauce to make it a lltte hot. Dose.— One table-spoon 3 times a day. It benefits by its action on the liver, and it would be good in Liver Complaints, the pepper also stimulating the stomach. See " Soot Coffee," No. 12, amongst the Ague medicines. LARYXGITIS.— luflainination of the Throat.— This complaint in a chronic form has become ver}"^ prevalent, and is a disease which is Medical Department. 85 aggrravated by every change of weather, more especially in the fall and winter months. It is considered, and that justly, a very hard disease to cure, but with caution, time, and a rational course of treatment, it can be cured. The difficulty with most persons is, they think that it is an uncommon disease, and consequently they must obtain some uncom- mon preparation to cure it; instead of which, some of the more simple remedies, as follows, will cure nearly every case, if persevered in a sufficient length of time. First, then, take the: Alterative for Diseases of the Skin. — Compound tincture of Peruvian bark, 6 ozs. ; lluid extract of sarsaparilla, 1 lb. ; extract of coniiim, )^ oz.; iodate of potash, (often called hj^driodate), %_ oz,; iodine, 3^ dr.; dissolve the extract of conium aad the powders in a little of the fluid, and mix all. Dose. — Two tea-spoons three times daily, before meals, until all is taken. Sliake the bottle well before using. In the next place, take the: 2. Gargle for Sore Throat. — Very strong sage tea, 3^ pt. ; strained honey, common salt, and strong vinegar, of each 2 table spoons; cayenne, the pulverized, one rounding tea-spoon; steeping the cayenne with the sage, strain, mix, and bottle for use, gargling from 4 to a dozen times daily according to the severity of the case. This is one of the very best gargles in use. By persevering some three months, I cured a case of two years' standing, where the mouths of the Eustachian tubes constantly discharged matter at their open- ings through the tonsils into the patient's mouth, he having previously been quite deaf, the whole throat being also diseased. I used the preparation for "Deafness" also, as mentioned under that head. Remembering always to breathe through nature's channel for the breath, the nose. Besides the foregoing, you will wash the whole surface twice a week with plenty of the "Toilet Soap," in water, wiping dry, then with a coarse dry towel rub the whole surface for ten minutes at least, and accomplish the coarse towel part of it every night and morning imtil the skin will remain through the day with its flushed surface and genial heat. This draws the blood from the throat and other internal organs, or in other words, equalizes the circulation. Know, and act upon this fact, and no inflammation can long exist, no matter where it is located. Blood accumulates in the part inflamed, but let it flow evenly through the whole system, and of course there can be no inflammation. You will also apply to the throat and breast the following: 3. Sore Throat Liniment. — Gum camphor, 2 ozs.; castile soap shaved fine, 1 dr. ; oil of turpentine, 1 table-spoon ; oil of origanum, S6 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. y^ oz.; opium, 3^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 pt. In a weok or teu days it will be fit for use, then bathe the parts freely 2 or 3 times daily. This liniment would be found useful in almost any throat or other disease where an outward application might be needed. If the fore- going treatment should fail, there is no alternative but to bring in emetics with the other treatment, and continue them for along time. I mention the emetic plan last, from the fact that so many people utterly object to the emetic treatment. But when everything else fails, that steps in and saves the j^atient, which goes to show how unjust the prejudice. B}^ the phrase, a long time, I mean several weeks, twice daily at first, then once a day, and finally thrice to twice a week, etc. A part of this course, you will see by the following, is corroborated by the celebrated Lung and Throat Doctor, S. S. Fitch, of New York, who says "it is a skin disease, and that purifying medicines are necessary to cleanse the blood — taking long, full breaths," etc. This is certainly good sense. His treatment of throat diseases is summed up in the following: Note. — " Wear but little clothing around the neck — chew often a little nut-gall and swallow the juice — wear a wet cloth about the throat at night, having a dry towel over it — bathe freely all over, as in con- sumption, and especially bathe the throat with cold water every morning, also wash out the inside of the throat with cold water — avoid crowded rooms — gargle with a very weak solution of nitrate of silver — chewing gold-thread and swallowing the juice and saliva from it — borax and honey occasionally, and gum arable water, if much irritation -^use the voice as little as possible until well, also often using a liniment externally." I had hoped for very much benefit from using croton-oil exter- iiall3% but time has shown that the advantage derived from it is not sufficient to remunerate for the excessive irritation caused by its continued application. 4. Smoking dried mullein leaves in a pipe not having been used for tobacco, is said to have cured many cases of Laryngitis. And I find in my last Eclectic Medical Journal so strong a corroboration, taken from the 3Iedical and Surgical Reporter, of this fact, that I cannot refrain from giving the quotation. It says : "in that form of disease in which there is dryness of the trachea, iciih a constant desire to clear the throat, attended with little expectoration, and considerable pain in the part eftected, the mullein smoked through a pipe acts like a charm and aftbrds instant relief. It seems to act as an anodyne in allaying irritation, while it promotes expectoration, and removes that gelatin- ous mucus which gathers in the larynx, and, at the same time, by some unknown j^oimr, completely changes the nature of the disease, and, if persevered in, will produce a radical cure." We read in a certain place of a gentleman who was walking Medical Department. gy around and through a great city, and he came across an inscription "Tothei^«^wo?f?« God,"— and directly we find him explaining that unknown Being to the astonished inhabitants. And I always feel, lik€ this old-fashioned gentleman, to cry out, upon every convenient occasion, my belief, that it was that God's great wisdom^ seeing what was required, and His exceeding goodness, providing according to our necessities, this wonderful, and, to some, that unknown power in the thousands of plants around us. What matters it to us how it is done ? If the cure is performed, it is sufficient. Since the publication of the foregoing, in the ninth edition, I have been smoking the dried mullein, and recommending it to others. It has given general satisfaction for coughs aiul as a substitute for tobacco in smoking, exhilarating the nerves, and allaying the hacking coughs from recent colds, by breathing the smoke into the lungs. In one instance, after retiring, I could not rest from an irritation in the upper portion of the lungs and throat, frequently hacking without relief only for a moment. I arose, filled my pipe with mullein, returning to bed, I smoked the pipeful, drawing it into the lungs, and did not cough again during the night. An old gentleman, an inveterate smoker, from my suggestion began to mix the mullein with his tobacco, one-fourth at first, for a while, then half, and finally three-fourths; at this point he rested. It satisfied in place of the full amount of tobacco, and cured a cough Avhich had been left upon him after inflammation of the lungs. The flavor can hardly be distinguished from the flavor of tobacco smoke, in I'ooms, It can be gathered any time during the season, the centre stem removed, carefully dried, and rubbed fine, when it is ready for use. It gives a pipe the phthisic, as fast as it cures one on the patient; but the clay pipe, which is to be used, can be readily cleansed by burning out. Here is the "Substitute for Tobacco" for which the French have offered 50, 000 francs. It can be made into cigars by using a tobacco-leaf wrapper. Catarrh is often more or less connected with that disease. In such cases, in connection with the above treatment, take several times daily of the following: Catarrh Snuff.— Scotch snuff, 1 oz. ; chloride of lime, dried and pulverized, 1 rounding tea-spoon ; mix, and bottle, corking tightly. The snuft' has a tendency to aid the secretion from the parts; and the chloride corrects unpleasant fetor. CANCERS.— To Cure.— Method of Dr. Laiidolfl, (Surgeon- General of the Neapolitan Army,) and several Successful American Methods.— Tlie principle upon which the treatment is based> consists 88 Dr. Chasers Recipes. in transforming a tumor of malignant cliaracter, by conferring upon it a character of benignity, which admits of cure. This transforma- tion is effected by cauterization witli an agent looked upon as specific, viz., chloride of bromine, combined or not with other substances, which have been tried, but have hitherto been employed separately. The internal treatment is merely auxiliary. (Cancers may be known from otlier tumors by their shooting or lancinating pains; and if an open sore, from their great fetor. — Author. ) The formulas for the caustics are witli tlie exception of a few cases, the following: Equal parts of tlie chlorides of zinc, gold, and antimony, mixed with a sufficient quantity of flour to form a viscid paste. At Vienna, he used a mixture of the same substances in different proportions; chloride of bromine, 3 parts; chloride of zinc, 2 parts; chloride of gold and antimony, each 1 part; made into a thick paste with powdered licorice root. This preparation should be made in an open place, on account of the gases wliicli are disengaged. The essential element is the chloride of bromine, which has often, been employed alone; thus, chloride of bromine from 23^ to 4 drs., and put licorice root as much as sufficient. The chloride of zinc is indispensable in ulcerated cancers, in which it acts as a hemastatic, (stopping blood). Tlie chloride of gold is only useful in cases of encephaloid (brain-like) cancers, in whicli it exercises a special, if not a specific action. Cancers of the skin, (epitheliomas,) lupus, and small cystosarcomas, (watery or bloody tumors,) are treated with bromine mixed with basilicon ointment in the proportion of one part of bromine to eiglit of the ointment. The application should not extend to the healthy parts, its action being often propogated through a space of one or two lines. The paste is only allowed to remain on about twenty-four hours. On removing the dressing, a line of demarkation is almost always found separating the healthy from the morbid parts. The tumor is itself in part whitish and part reddish, or marbled with yellow and blue. The caustic is replaced with the poultice, or with compresses smeared with basilicon ointment only, which are to be removed every three hours until the scar is detached; the pain progressively diminishing in proportion as the mortification advances, the line of demarkation daily becomes more evident; about the fourth or fifth day the cauter- ized portion begins to rise, and from the eighth to the fifteenth day it becomes detached, or can be removed with forceps, and without pain, exposing a suppurating surface, secreting pus of a good quality and covered with healthy granulations. If any points remain of less satisfactory appearance, or present traces of morbid growth, a little of the paste is to be again applied, then dress the sore as you would a simple ulcer. If the suppuration proceeds too slowly, dress it with lint dipped in the following solution: Medical Department, 89 Chloride of bromine, 20 or 30 drops; Goulard's Extract, from 1 to 2 drs ; distilled water, 16 ozs. In the majority of cases healing takes place rapidly, cicatrization progresses from the circumference to the center, no complications supervene, and the cicatrix (scar), resembles that left by a cutting instrument. His internal remedy, to prevent a relapse, is: Chloride of bromine, 2 drops; powder of the seeds of water fenel, 23 grs. ; extract of hemlock, (Conium Maculatum,) 12 grs. ; mix and divide into 20 pills; one to be taken daily for two months, and after that, two pills dail}^ for a month or two longer, one night and morning after meals. In any case of Cancer, either the foregoing, internal remedy, or some of the other Alteratives, should be taken two or three weeks before the treatment is commenced, and should also be continued several weeks after its cure. 2. Dr. H. G. Judkius' Method. — This gentleman, of Malaga, Monroe county, Ohio, takes: Chloride of zinc, the size of a hazel-nut, and puts enough water with it to make a thin paste, then mixes with it equal parts of flour, andlinely pulverized charcoal, sufhcient to form a tolerable stiif paste. He spreads this on a soft piece of sheep skin, sufficiently large to cover the tumor, and applies every two days until it is detached, then dresses it with " Judkins' Ointment," which see. Again — 3. L. S. Hodgkius' Method. — This gentleman is a merchant, of Reading, Mich. The method is not original with him, but he cured his wife with it, of cancer of the breast, after having been pronounced incurable. Some would use it because it contains calomel — others would not use it for the same reason ; I gave it an insertion from the fact that I am well satisfied that it has cured the disease, and from the smgularity of its composition. Take a white oak root and bore out the heart and burn the chips to get the ashes, 3^ oz. ; lunar caustic, \^ oz.; calomel, 34 oz.; salts of nitre, (saltpetre) 3^ oz. ; the body of a thousand-legged worm, dried and pulverized, all to be made fine and mixed with 34 lb. of lard. Spread tliis rather thin upon soft leather, and apply to the cancer, changing twice a day; will kill the tumor in three or four days, which you will know by the general appearance ; then apply a poul- tice of soaked figs until it comes out, fibres and all ; heal with a plaster made by boiling red beech leaves in water, straining and boiling thick, then mix with bees-wax and mutton tallow to form a salve of proper consistency. To cleanse the system while the above is being used, and for some time after: Take mandrake root, pulverized, 1 oz. ; Epsom salts, 1 oz.; put into pure gin, 1 pt., and take of this three times daily, from one tea 90 Dr. Chase s Recipes. to a table-spoon, as you can bear. He knew of several other cures from the same plan. 4. The juice of pokeberries, set in the sun, upon a pewter dish, and dried to the consistence of a salve, and applied as a plaster, has cured cancer. 5. Poultices of scraped carrots, and of yellow dock root, have both cui-ed, and the scraped carrot poultices, especially not only cleanse tlie sore, but remove the very offensive smell or fetor, which is characteristic of cancers. 6. A gentleman in Ohio cures them by making a tea of the yellow dock root, and drinking of it freely, washing the sore with the same several times daily for several days, then poulticing with the root, mashed and applied twice daily, even on the tongue. T. Rev. C. C. Cuyler, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., says he has known several cases cured as follows: Take the narrow-leaved dock root and boil it in soft water until very strong, wash the ulcer with this strong decoction 3 times in the 24 hours, till the cavity also with the same 2 minutes, each time, then bruise the root, and lay it on gauze, and lay the gauze next to the ulcer, and wet linen cloths in the decoction and lay over the poultice ; and each time let the patient drink a wine-glass of the strong tea of the same root, with % of a glass of port-wine sweetened with honey. §. Dr. Buchan's work on Medicine, gives the case of a person, who had cancer of the tongue, cured in fourteen days, as follows: Dilute nitric acid, 1 oz. ; honey, 2 ozs. ; pure water, 2 pts. ; mix. Dose. — Tliree table-spoons frequently, to be sucked past the teeth, through a quill or tube. Opium was given at night, simply to keep down pain. 9, Great Eag-lish Seiiiedy — By which a brother of Lowell Mason was cured, is as follows: Take chloride of zinc, bloodroot, pulverized, and flour, equal quantities of each, worked inio a paste and applied until the mass comes out, then poultice and treat as a simple sore. The Rural New Yorker^ in reporting this case, says, in applying it, "First spread a common sticking-plaster much larger than the cancer, cutting a circular piece from the center of it a little larger than the cancer, applying it, which exposes a narrow rim of healthy skin ; then apply the cancer plaster and keep it on twenty-four hours. On removing it, the cancer will be found to be burned into, and appears the color of an old shoe-sole, and the rim outside will appear white and parboiled, as if burned by steam. " Dress with slippery elm poultice until suppuration takes place, then heal with any common salve." 10, Armenian Method. — In Armenia, a salve, made by boiling Medical Department. olive oil to a proper consistence for the use, is reported by an eastern traveler to have cured very bad cases. 11. Figs boiled in new milk until tender, then split and applied hot — clianging twice daily, washing the parts every change, with some of the milk — drinking 1 gill of the milk also as often. And continuing from three to four months, is also reported to have cured a man ninety-nine years old by using only six pounds, whilst ten pounds cured a case of ten years' standing. The Urst application giving pain, but afterwards relief, every application. 12. Red Oak Bark.— A salve from the ashes, has long been credited for curing cancer, and as I have recently seen the method given for preparing and using it, by Isaac Dillon, of Oregon, pub- lished in a paper near him, I cannot keep the benefit of it from the public. The directions were sent to him by his f tither, John Dillon, Sen., of Zanesville, O., and, from my knowledge of the Dillon family, I have the utmost confidence in the prescription. It is as follows: Take red oak bark ashes, 1 peck; put on to them, boiling water, 6 qts. ; let it stand 12 hours; then draw off the ley and boil to a thick salve; spread this, pretty thick, upon a thick cloth a little larger than the cancer, and let it remain on 3 hours ; if it is too severe, half of that time; the same day, or the next, apply again 3 hours, which will generally effect a cure ; after the last plaster, wash the sore v/itli warm milk and water; then apply a healing salve made of mutton tallow, bark of elder, with a little resin and bees-wax, (some root of white lily may be added;) stewed over a slow fire; when the sore begins to matterate, wash it 3 or 4 times daily, renewing the salve each time: avoid strong diet, and strong drink, but drink a tea of sassafras root and spice-wood tops, for a week before and after the plaster. 13. Prof. R. S. Newton, of Cincinnati, uses the chloride of zinc, a saturated solution, (as strong as can be made,) or makes the chloride into a paste, with thick gum solution. In cases of large tumors he often removes the bulk of them with a knife, then applies the solution, or paste, as he thinks best, to destroy any remaining roots which have been severed by the knife. 14. Prof. Calkins, of Philadelphia," prefei-s a paste made from yellow dock, red clo>'er, and poke, using the leaves only, of either article, in equal quantities. Boiling, straining, and simmering to a paste, applying from time to time, to cancerous growths or tumors, until the entire mass is destroyed, then poultice and heal as usual. But Dr. Beach, of N. Y., who is a man of much experience in cancers, says beware of the knife, or any plaster whicii destroys the cancer or tumor; but first use discutients, (medicines which have a tendency to drive away swellings,) unless already ulcerated, then, mild Dr, Chase' s Recipes, r poultices to keep up a discharge from the ulcer, with alteratives, long coiitiuued, keeping the bowels regular, etc., etc. The Vienna physi- cians, as well as Dr. Beach, allow the inhalation of a few drops of chloroform where the pain is excruciating. And I would say, apply a little externally, also around the sore. Cancers should not be disturbed as long as they do not grow nor ulcerate, but as soon as either begins, then is the time to begin with them. COSTIYENESS.— To Cure.— Costive habits are often brought on by neglecting to go to stool at the usual time, for most persons have a regular daily passage, and the most usual time is at rising- in the morning, or immediately after breakfast; but hurry, or negligence, for the want of an understanding of the evil arising from putting it off, these calls of nature are suppressed; but let it be understood, nature^ like a good workman or student, has a time for. each duty; then not only let her work at her own time, but if tardy go at this time and not only aid but solicit her call, or in other words: Whea nature calls^ at either door, Do not attempt to bluff her ; But haste away, night or day, Or, health is sure to suffer. The above, with attention to diet, using milk, roasted apples, and if not dyspeptic, uncooked apples, pears, peaches, etc., at meal time, "Yankee Brown Bread," or bread made of unbolted wheat, if pre- fered, and avoiding a meat diet, will in most cases soon remedy the difficulty. However: 2. Ill Very Obstinate Cases. — Take extract of henbane, 3^ dr. ; extract of colocynth, 3^ dr. ; extract of nux vomica, 3 grs.; carefully work into pill mass, and form into 15 pills. Dose. — One pill night and morning. Continue their use until the difficulty is overcome, at the same time, following the previous directions, faithfully. With many per- sons, the following will be found all sufficient : 3. Brand)% % pt. ; and put into it rhubarb root, bruised, 1 dr.; hierapicra, 1 oz.; and fennel seed, % oz. After it has stood for several days, take a table-spoon of it three times daily, before eating, uiitil it operates, then half the quantity, or a little less, just sufficient to establish a daily action of the bowels, until all is taken. Or, the second pill under the head of " Eclectic Liver Pill," may be taken as an alterative to bring about the action of the liver, which is, of course, more or less inactive in most cases of long continued costiveness. 4. Corn meal, 1 table-spoon stirred up in sufficient cold water to drink well, and drank in the morning, immediately after rising, has, with perseverance, cured many bad cases. 5. A fresh egg beat in a gill of water and drank on rising in the Medical Department 93 morning, and at each meal, for a week or ten days, has cured obstinate cases. It might be increased to two or three at a time as the stomach will bear. CHRONIC GOUT.— To Cure.— "Take hot vinegar, and put into it all the table salt which it will dissolve, and bathe the parts affected with a soft piece of flannel. Rub in with the hand, and dry the foot, etc., by the fire. Repeat this operation four times in the 24 hours, 15 minutes each time, for four days; then twice a day for the same period; then once, and follow this rule whenever the symptoms show them- selves at any future time." The philosophy of the above formula is as follows: Chronic gout proceeds from the obstruction of the free circulation of the blood (in the parts affected) by tlie deposit of a chalky substance, which is gen- erally understood to be a carbonate and pliosphate of lime. Vinegar and salt dissolve these; and the old chronic compound is broken up. The carbonate of lime, etc., become acetate and muriate, and these being soluble, are taken up by the circulating system, and discharged b}' secretion. This fact will be seen by the gouty joints becoming less in bulk until they assume their natural size. During this process, the stomach and bowels should be occasionally regulated by a gentle purgative. Abstinence from spiritous libations; exercise in the open air, and especially in the morning; freely bathing the whole surface; eating only the plainest food, and occupying the time bj^ study, or useful employment, are very desirable assistants. 2. Gout Tincture. — Veratrum viride, (swamp hellebore,) 1^ oz.; opium, 34 oz. ; wine, }4. P^* i ^^^ them stand for several days. Dose. — 15 to 30 drops, according to the robustness of the patient, at intervals of two to four hours. M. Husson, a French officer, introduced this remedy in gout some sixty years ago, and it became so celebrated that it sold as high as from one to two crowns a dose. It is considered valuable also in acute rheumatism. Ii; gout it removes the paroxysms, allays pain, and procures rest and sleep, reduces the pulse and abates fever. 3, Coffee has recently been recommended, not only for gout, but gravel also. Mr. Mosley observes, in liis " Treatise on Coff"ee," that the great use of the article in France is supposed to have abated the prevalence of the gravel. In the French colonies, where coffee is more used than in the English, as well as in Turkey, where it is the princi- pal beverage, not only the gravel but the gout is scarcely known. Dr. Faur relates, as an extraordinary instance of the effect of coffee on gout, the case of Dr. Deveran, who was attacked with gout at the age of twenty-five, and had it severely till he was upwards of fifty, with chalk stones in the joints of his hands and feet; but for four years preceeding the time when the account of his case had been given to 94 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, Dr. Faur to lay before the public, he had, by advice, used coffee, and had no return of the gout afterward. PARALYSIS.— If Recent.— To Cure.— When paralysis, (numb palsy,) has existed for a great length of time, but little benefit can be expected from anj^ treatment; but if recent, very much good, if not a perfect cure will be the result of faithfully governing yourself by the following directions with this: Paralytic Liniment. — Sulphuric ether, 6 ozs. ; alcohol, 2 ozs.; laudanum, 1 oz. ; oil of lavender, 1 oz. ; mix and cork tightly. In a recent case of paralysis let the whole extent of the numb surface be thoroughl}'' bathed and rubbed with this preparation, for several minutes, using the hand, at least 3 times daily, at the same time take internally, 20 drops of the same, in a little sweetened water, to pre- vent translation upon some internal organ. It may be used in old cases, and, in many of them, will undoubt- edly do much good ; but I do not not like to promise what there is no reasonable chance to perform. It is well in very recent cases to keep the parts covered with flannels, with a large amount of friction b}-- the hand; also, electricity scientifically applied, that is by a Physician or some one who has studied the nature and operations of the electrical machine. This liniment should be applied so freely, that about an ounce a day will be consumed, on an arm or leg, and if a w-hole side is palsied, proportionally more. In cases of pains in the stomach or side a tea- spoon will be taken with unusual success ; or for pain in the head, apply to the surface, alvva3'^s bearing in mind that some should be taken internally whenever an external application is made. In sprains and bruises where the surface is not broken it will be found very efficacious. It may be successfully rubbed over the seat of any internal disease accompanied with imin. ENLARGED TONSILS.— To Cure.— Where the tonsils are en- larged from colds, or epidemic sore throat, Take No. six, 1 oz. ; molasses, 2 ozs. ; and hot water, 4 ozs.; mix and sip a little into the throat often, swallowing a little also ; it keeps up a discharge of saliva from those parts and thus relieves their swollen condition ; and stimulates to renewed healthy action. It has proved very efficacious in the above epidemic cases, which leave the tonsils much indurated (hardened), as well as swollen, with a tendency to chronic inflammation of the whole larynx, or throat, often witli little ulcers. In that case: Put 10 grs. of nitrate of silver to 1 oz. of water, with 3 or 4 drops of creosote, and swab the throat with it, and lay a flannel wet with turpentine upon the outside. The worst cases will shortly yield to this mild treatment. Should there, however, be a disposition to fever, you might also put the feet Medical Department. 95 into hot water fifteen or twenty minutes, with occasional sponging the whole surface. SICK HEA.D-ACHE.— To Cure.— Sick head-ache, proper, arises from acidity, or over-loading the stomach; when it is not from over eating, all that is necessary, is to soak the feet in hot water about twenty minutes, drinking at the same time some of the herb-teas, such as pennyroyal, catnip, or mint, etc, then get into bed, cover up warm and keep up a sweating process for about an hour, by which time relief will have been obtained; but when food has been taken which remains in the stomacii, it is much the best way to take an emetic, and the following is the: 2. Eclectic Lmetic. — Which is composed of lobelia, and ipeca- cuanha, equal parts, and bloodroot half as much as of either of the otl)ers, eiich pulverized separately, and mix thoroughly. Dose. — Half a common tea-spoon every 15 or 20 minutes in some of the warm teas, for instance, camomile flowers, pennyroyal, or boneset — drinking freely between doses of the same tea in which you take it; continue until you get a free and full evacuation of the contents of the stomach. After the operation, and when the stomach becomes a little set- tled, some nourishment will be desired, when any of the mild broths, or gruel, should be taken, in small quantities, without fear of increas- ing the difficulty. "There is, probablj^, no emetic surpassing this, either in efficacy of action, or efficiency in breaking up morbid, unhealthy conditions of the system generally, and exciting healthy action. It is excellent in croup, chronic affections of the liver or stomach etc., and in fact, when and wherever an emetic is needed.'' — Beach. But after a full trial of both, ui^on my own person and others, I prefer lobelia seed alone, pulverized, when used. The manner of administering them has been the cause of bringing the lobelia emetic into disrepute. I take "Thompson's Composition " tea, made as there directed and drink two saucers of it, fifteen minutes apart, and with the third I stir in one rounding tea-spoon of lobelia seed, pulverized, and drink it; then every fifteen minutes I take another saucer of the tea until free vomiting takes place, not taking any more of the lobelia; by this course I think it more efficient and thorough than the mixed emetic, and entirely free from danger of the "alarming symptoms," as they are called, brought on by continuing to give the lobelia every few minutes instead of waiting its action, and all for want of knowl- edge as to what that action should be; but if you give it its own time, continuing the stimulating tea, it will have its specific action, which is to vomit, no matter at which end it is introduced. When it begins to vomit it will generally continue its action until it empties the stomach, then I begin to substitute the composition with: 3. Bread Tea, Used iu Taking Emetics. — Made by taking a piece g6 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. of dry bread and crumbing it into a bowl, with a little salt, pepper, and butter, to suit the taste, then pouring boiling water upon it; this soon allays the retching, and strengthens the stomach to renewed healthy action. Periodical Headache. — There are those who have sick headache coming on at periods of from a few weeks to two or three months, lasting two or three days, accompanied with nausea, and occasionally with vomiting. In these cases after using the emetic to relieve the present attack, take the Cathartic Syrup next following: 4. Cathartic Syrup. — Best senna leaf, 1 oz. ; jalap, 3^ oz., but- ternut, the inner bark of the root, dried and bruised, 2 ozs.; pepper- mint leaf, \^ oz. ; fennel seed, 1^ oz. ; alcohol, 3^ pt. ; water, 1^^ pts. ; sugar, 2 lbs.-, put all into the spirit and water, except the sugar, and let it stand 2 weeks, then strain, pressing out from the dregs, adding the sugar and simmering a few minutes onl3% to form the syrup. If it should cause griping in any case, increase the fennel seed and pepper- mint leaf. Dose. — One table-spoon, once a da}^ or less often if the bowels become too loose up to the next period wlien the headache miglit have been expected, and it will not be forthcoming. This is a mild purgative, and especiallj'' pleasant. Most persons, after a trial of it, will adopt it for their general cathartic, and especi- ally for children. Increase or lessen the dose, according to the effect desired. Females in a weak and debilitated condition, often have a head- ache which is purely sympathetic; this they will distinguish by their general weakness, irregularities, and light-headedness, often amount- ing to real pain; in such cases take the following: 5. Headache Drops. — Castor, gentian, and valerian roots, bruised, "^ oz. ; laudanum, 1 oz. ; sulphuric ether, 1 3^ ozs.; alcohol, 3^ pt. ; water, 1^ pt. ; put all into a bottle and let stand about 10 days. Dose. — A tea-spoon ns often as required, or 2 or 3 times dail}'. 6. Tincture of Blood-Root. — Made by putting 1 oz. of the dried, bruised root, to 1 pt. of gin, and taking 1 tea-spoon, before eating, every morning, and onlj^ eating a reasonable amount of easily digested food. Has worked wonders in cases where headache has been of very long standing. And it might not be amiss to say that the majority of headaclies are found amongst those who are disposed to Dyspepsia, by long continued over-eating, then reducing the gastric juice by over- drinking, even of water, tea or coffee. A Niles paper gives one which is easily tried. It is as follows: 7. " Charcoal, a Cure for Sick Headache. — It is stated that two tea-spoons of finelj' powdered charcoal, drank in half a tumbler of water, will, in less than 15 minutes, give relief to the sick headache, when caused, as in most cases it is, by superabundance of acid on the Medical Department. 97 stomach. We have tried this remedy time and again, and its efficacy in every instance has been signally satisfactory." When headache has been brought on by eating too freely of boiled beef, cabbage, etc., or any other indigestible dinner, one cup of "good tea," at tea time, eating only a slice of "dry bread, will often allay the nervousness, quiet the head, and aid in getting to sleep. The *' Good- Samaritan " applied to the head is also good. DELIRIUM TREMENS.— To Obtain Sleep.— Give an emetic of ipecacuanlia, then give 15 to 18 grs. of the same, every 2 hours, using the shower bath, and giving all the beef tea the patient desires. The jail Physician of Chicago reports thirtj^'-six favorable cases treated as above. In Boston, at the " House of Correction," the danger arising from the sudden loss of their accustomed stimulus, according to Puritanic economy, is overcome by administering, fi-eely, a strong decoction of wormwood. 2. Stimulating Anodyne. — Sulphate of quinine, 12 grs. ; sulphate of morphine, 1 gr. ; mix, and divide into powders. Dose. — ()\\q 130\vder every hour. Prof. King, of Cincinnati, O., says that from two to four powders of the above anodyne, will nearly every time produce sleep in this whisky delirium. TYPHUS FEVER.— To Preyent Infection.— Take nitre, (saltpetre) pulverized, ^ oz. ; oil of vitriol, % Q)7..\, put the nitre into a tea-cup and set it on a red hot shovel, adding the vitriol one-sixth at a time, stirring it with a pipe stem; avoiding the fumes as they rise from the cup; no danger, however, in breathing the air of the room. The above amount is sufficient for a room twelve by sixteen feet, and less or more according to the size of other rooms. Dr. J. C. Smitli, of London, is said to have received from Parliament £5000 for making this recipe public. 2. To purify tlie air from noxious effluvia in sick rooms, not of a contagious character, simply slice tliree or four onions, place them upon a plate upon the floor, changing them three or four times in the twenty four hours. 3. Disinfectant, for Rooms, Meat, and Fish. — Common salt, % a tea-cup; sulphuric acid, 2 or 3 ozs. ; put about 3^ oz. of the acid upon the salt at a time, every 15 minutes, stirring, until all is put on. Which will purify a large room; and for meat or tish, hang them up in a box, having a cover to it, and thus confine the gas, and tainted articles of food will soon be purified, by the same operation. And notwithstanding so much was paid for the " Smith Disinfectant," the above will be found equally good. 4. Coftee, dried and pulverized, then a little of it sprinkled upon a hot shovel, will, in a few minutes, clear a room of all impure effluvia, and especially of an animal character. 5 98 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. 5. Chloride of Lime. — Half a saucer of it, moistened with an equal mixture of good vinegar and water, a few drops at a time only, will purif}'^ a sick-room in a few minutes. SWEATING PREPARATIONS.— Sweating Drops.— Ipecacuanha, saffron, Virginia snakeroot, and camphor gum, each 2 ozs.; opium, 3^ oz.; alcohol, 2 qts. Let stand 2 weeks, shaking occasionally. Dose. — A tea-spoon in a cup of hot pennja-oyal, spearmint, or catnip tea, every half hour, until perspiration is induced ; then once an hour, for a few hours. It is excellent in colds, fevers, pleurisy, inflammation of the lungs, etc. It is good to soak the feet in hot water at the same time. 2. Sweatings with Buraing Alcohol. — Pour alcohol into a saucer, to about half fill it; place this under a chair; strip the person to be sweated, of all clothing, and place him in the chair, i)utting a comforter over him, also; now light a match and throw it into the saucer of alcohol, which sets it on fire, and by the time the alcohol is burned out he will be in a profuse perspiration, if not, put in half as much more of alcohol and fire it again,whicli will accomplish the object ; then rise up and draw the comforter around you, and get into bed, following up with hot teas and sweating drops, as in the first above. This last plan of sweating is also good in recent colds, pleurisy, inflammation of the lungs, and all other inflammatory diseases, either in recent attacks, or of long standing complaints. See the closing remarks after the treatment of " Pleurisy," also " Ginger Wine." IMPERIAL DROPS.— For Gravel and Kidney Couiplaints.— Take saltpetre, 1 oz. ; putting it into an iron mortar, dropping in a live coal with it, which sets it on fire; stir it around until it all melts down into the solid form, blow out the coals, and pulverize it; then take an equal amount of bicarbonate of potassia, or saleratus, and dissolve both in soft water, 3 ozs. Dose. — From 20 to 30 drops, morning and evening, in a swallow of tea made from flaxseed, or a solution of gum arabic. In connection with the drops, let the patient take from a table- spoon to two or three table-spoons of onion juice — that is, all the stomach will bear — eating all the raw onions he can, and continue it until free of the complaint. I have seen gravel the size of a common quill, crooked, and one and one-fourth inches in length, which a lady passed from the bladder, and smaller bits almost innumerable, by the simple use of onion juice alone. The onion juice, (red onions are said to be the best,) has, and may be injected through a catheter into the bladder, have no fears to do this, for I know a physician of forty years' practice who has done it five times with success — a physician, however, would have to be called to introduce the catheter. 2. In what is termed *' Fits of tlie gravel/' that is where small Medical Department. 99 gravel has become packed in the ureter, (tube which leads from the kidney to the bladder,) causing excruciating pain in that region, a pill of opium must be given, varying in size from one to three grains, ac- cording to the pain, strength, and age of the patient. 3. A strong decoction made by using a large handful of smart- weed, adding a gill of gin, and a gill each of horse-mint and onion juices, and taking all in 12 hours, has been known to discharge gravel in large quantities. — Philadelphia Eclectic Journal. The surest sign of gravel is the dark appearance of the urine, as if mixed with coffee grounds, and a dull pain in the region of the kidnej^— if only inflammation, the darkness will not appear. See the^ closing remarks upon " Gout." CAMPHOR ICE.-For Chapped Hands or Lips.— Spermaceti tallow, 13^ozs.; oil of sweet ahnonds, 4 tea-spoons; gum camphor, % oz.; made tine. Set on the stove until dissolved, constantly stirring. Use only just sufficient heat to melt them. Whilst warm, pour into moulds if desired to sell, then paper and put up in tin-foil. If for your own use, put up in a tight box. Apply to the chaps or cracks two or three times daily, especially at bed time. BURNS.— Salve for Burns, Frost-Bites, Cracked Nipples, etc.— Equal parts of turpentine, sweet oil, and bees-wax ; melt the oil jind wax together, and when a little cool, add the turpentine, and stir until cold, which keeps them evenly mixed. Apply by spreading upon thin cloth— linen is the best. I used this salve upon one of my own children, only a year and a half old, which had pulled a cup of hot coffee upon itself, beginning on the eyelid and extending down the face, neck and breast, also over the shoulder, and in two places across the arm, the skin coming off with the clothes ; in fifteen minutes from the application of the salve, the child was asleep, and it never cried again from the burn, and not a particle of scar left. It is good for chaps on hands or lips, or for any other sore. If put on burns before blistering has taken place, they will not bhster. And if applied to sore or cracked nipples every time after the child nurses, it soon cures them also. For nipples, simply rubbing it on is sufficient. I find it valuable also for pimples, and common healing purposes ; and I almost regret to add any other preparations for the same purposes, for fear that some will neglect this ; but as there may be cases where some of the following can be made when the above cannot, I give a few others known to be valuable. The first one is from Dr. Downer, of Dixboro, within six miles of our city ; he used it in a case where a boy fell backwards into a tub of hot water, scalding the whole buttock, thighs, and privates, making a bad scald in a bad place, but he suc- ceeded in bringing him successfully through, and from its containing opium, it might be preferable to the first in deep and very extensive loo Dr. Chase' s Recipes. burns, but in that case the opium might be added to the first. It is as follows : 2. Dr. Downer's Sal re for Burns.— Bees-wax, 4 ozs. ; opium, )^ oz. ; sugar of lead, 1 oz. ; melt the bees-wax, and rub the lead up in the wax, then the opium ; and finally add about a gill of sweet oil, or sufllcient to make a salve of proper consistence. Spread lightly on cloth — no pain, he says, will be felt under its use He highly recommends it for the pain and inflammation of Piles, also : 3. Poultice for Burns and Frozen Flesh. — A. Bronson, of Mead- ville, Pa., says, from 15 years' experience, that Indian meal poultices covered with young hyson tea, moistened with hot water, and laid over burns or frozen parts, as hot as can be borne, will relieve the pain in 5 minutes, and that blisters, if they have not, will not arise, and that one poultice is usually sulficient. 4. Salve for Burns. — Bees- wax, Burgundy pitch, white pine pitch, and resin, of each, ),^ lb. ; mutton tallow, % lb. ; goose oil, 1 gill ; tar, % gill ; mixed and melted together, and used as other salves. This was used successfully on a very bad case, burned all over the face, neck, breast, bowels, etc., soothing and quieting pain, giving rest and sleep directly. 5. Garden and Kitchen Salve for Burns and Frost Bites.— Live- forever and sweet clover leaves, camomile and sweet elder, the inner bark, a handful of each ; simmer them in fresh butter and mutton tal- low, of each, 3^ lb. ; when crisped, strain out and add 2 or 3 ozs. of bees-w^ax to form a salve. Spread very thin on thin cloth. Mrs. Miller, of Macon, Mich., cured a bad case with this, burned by the clothes taking fire, nearly destroying the whole surface. She speaks of it in equal praise for cuts and frost-bites. See the "Green Ointment also for Chilblains." O. The white of an egg beat up, then beat for a long time with a table-spoon of lard, until a little water separates from them, I have found good for burns. 7. The white oxide of bismuth, rubbed up in a little lard, is also a good application in burns. 8. Glycerine and tannin, equal weights, rubbed together into an ointment, is very highly recommended for sore or cracked nipples. See " Dr. Raymond's statement in connection with the treatment of Piles." ITCHING FEET FROM FROST-BITES.— To Cure. — Take hydrochloric acid, 1 oz. ; rain water, 7 ozs,; wash the feet with it 2 or 3 times daily, or wet the socks with the preparation, until relieved. A gentleman whose feet had been frozen, in the Alps, eight years before, and another man's had been frozen two years before, on the Sierra Nevada Mountains, were effectually cured by its use. Medical Department, loi CHILBLAINS.— To Cure Published by Order of the Goyern- ment of Wirtemburg. — Mutton tallow and lard of each ^ lb. ; melt in an iron vessel and add hydrated oxyde of iron, 2 ozs. ; stirring continually with an iron spoon, until the mass is of an uniform black 'color; then let it cool and add Venice turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and Armen- ian bole, 1 oz. ; oil of bero;amot, 1 dr. ; rub up the bole with a little olive oil before putting it in. Apply several times daily by putting it upon lint or linen — heals the worst cases in a few days. Chilblains arise from a severe cold to the part, causing inflamma- tion, often ulcerating, making deep, and very troublesome, and long- continued sores. FELONS. — If Recent, to Cure in Six Hours. — Venice turpentine, 1 oz., and put into it half a tea-spoon of water, and stir with a rough stick until the mass looks like candied honej'-; then spread a good coat on a cloth and wrap around the finger. If the case is only recent, it will remove the pain in 6 hours. 2. A poke root poultice on a felon cures by absorption, unless matter is already formed; if it is, it soon brings it to a head, and thus saves much pain and sufliering. 3. Blue flag and helebore roots, equal parts, boiled in milk and water, then soak the felon in it for twenty mmutes, as hot as can be Dorne, and bind the roots on the parts for one hour, has cured many felons, when commenced in time. 4. A poultice of clay, from an old log house, made and kept wet with spirits of camphor, is also good. 5. Felon Ointment. — Take sweet oil, % Pt-> ^"d stew a 3 cent plug of tobocco in it until the tobacco is crisped; then squeeze it out and add red lead, 1 oz., and boil until black; when a little cool, add pulverized camphor gum, 1 oz. Mrs. Jordan, of Clyde, O., paid ten dollars for this recipe, and has cured many bad felons, as well as fellows, with it. Bad fellows because they did not pay her. Certainly, this is a rational use of tobacco. 6. Felon Salve. — A salve made by burning one table-spoon of copperas, then pulverizing it and mixing with the J^olk of an ^^g^ is said to relieve the pain, and cure the felon in twenty-four hours; then heal with cream two parts, and soft soap one part. Apply the healing salve daily after soaking the part in warm water. DEAFNESS.— If Recent, to Cure— if not, to Relieve.— Hen's oil, 1 gill ; and a single handful of the sweet clover raised in gardens ; stew it in the oil until the juice is all out, strain it and bottle for use. Where deafness is recent, it will be cured by putting three or four drops daily into the ear, but if of long-standing, much relief will be obtained if continued a sufficient length of time. 102 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, 2, Much has been said in France about sulphuric ether first tried by Madame Cleret, of Paris; and, although she lost her reason by the elation of feeling brought on, no doubt, by the honor given her for the discovery, j'^et the continued trial of the article does not give the satisfaction which had been hoped for, from its first success. WARTS AND CORNS.— To Cure in Ten Minutes.— Take a small piece of potash and let it stand in the open air until it slacks, then thicken it to a paste with pulverized gum arable, which prevents it from spreading where it is not wanted. Pare ofl' the seeds of the wart or the dead skin of the corn, and apply the paste, and let it remain on ten minutes; wash off", and soak the place in sharp vinegar or sweet oil, either of which will neutralize the alkali. Now do not jam nor squeeze out the wart or corn, like '"street-corner peddlers," but leave them alone, and nature will remove them without danger of taking cold, as would be if a sore is made by pinching them out. Corns are caused by pressure ; in most cases removing the pressure cures the corn. Nine of every ten corns can be cured by using twice, daily, upon it any good liniment, and wearing loose shoes or boots. See " Good Samaritan." 2. Cure for Corns. — If a cripple will take a lemon, cut ofl' a piece, then nick it so as to let in the toe with the corn, the pulp next the corn — tie this on at night, so that it cannot move — he will find next morning, that, with a blunt knife, the corn will come away to a great extent. Two or three applications of this will make a '* poor cripple '' happy for life. — London Meld. 3. Acetic acid, touched to hard or soft corns, night and morning, for one week, will cure them. So will the Samaritan Liniment, which see. 4. Dr. Hariman's Innocent and Sure Cure for Corns, Warts and Cliilblains. — Nitric and muriatic acids, blue vitriol, and salts of tartar, of each 1 oz. ; add the blue vitriol, pulverized, to either of the acids, and in the same way add the salts of tartar; when done foam- ing, add the other acid, and in a f ews days it will be fit for use. Directions. — For frosted feet, rub them with a swab or brush, wet with this solution very lightly, every part that is red and dry; in a day or two, if not cured, apply again as before. For corns, apply in like manner, scraping oflf dead skin before using. For warts, wet once a week until they disappear, which will be soon, for it is a certain cure in all the above cases, and very cheap. So says the Doctor, of Anderson, Ind. 5. A gentleman in Ohio offers to pay ten dollars apiece for all corns not cured in three days by binding a bit of cotton batting upon it, and wetting it three times a day with spirits of turpentine. 6. I am assured by a gentleman of Syracuse, N. Y., that a Medical Department. 103 plaster of the " Green Mountain Salve," put upon a corn, will com- pletely cure it by the time it naturally comes off. LINIMENTS— Good Samaritan— Improved.— Take 98 per cent, alcohol, 2 qts., and add to it the following articles: Oils of sassafras, hemlock, spirits of turpentine, tincture of cayenne, catechu, guaicaci, (guac.) and laudanum, of each 1 oz.; tincture of myrrh, 4 ozs; oil of origanum, 3 ozs. ; oil of wintergreen, % oz. ; gum camphor, 2 ozs. ; and chloroform, li^ ozs. I have used the above liniment over five years, and cannot speak too highly of its value; I have cured myself of two severe attacks of rheumatism witli it, the first in the knee and the last in the shoulder, three years afier; my wife has cured two corns on the toes with it, by wetting tliem twice daily for a few days; and it is hard to think of anything which it has not cured, such as sprains, bruises, cuts, jams, rheumatism, weak back, reducing swellings, curing leg-ache in children from overplaying, for horse flesh, &c., &c. But you will allow me one remark about liniments — they ought in all cases to be put on and rubbed in from twenty to thirty minutes, and laying the hand on the part until it burns from its effects, instead of one or two minutes, as is the usual custom; and if made by the quart, you can use them freely as the cost is only about one-eighth as much as to purchase the two- shilling bottles. Wetting flannel with the liniment, and binding on, is a good manner of application. Dr. Hale, of this city, has adopted this liniment for general use; but for headache and neuralgia, he takes eight ounces of it and adds an ounce of chloroform, and half an ounce of oil of wintergreen, rubbing upon the head, holding to the nostrils, &c. The full prescription will usually cost about two dollars. 2. Liniment for Old Sores.— Alcohol, 1 qt. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs.; oil of origanum, 2ozs. ; camphor gum, 2 ozs.; opium, 2 ozs. ; gum myrrh, 2 ozs ; common salt, 2 table-spoons. Mix, and shake occasionally for a week. This was presented for insertion by H. Loomis, of Edwardsburg, Mich., hoping that it might do many others as much good as it done himself and neighbors. He showed me scars of an old sore on his leg which he had cured with it, after years of sufiering; and also called up a young man whose father he had cured of a similar sore, years before, which had never broken out again ; he used it twice daily. His leg became sore after a protracted fever. I have great confidence in it. He uses it also for cuts, bruises, horse flesh, inflam- matory rheumatism, &c., &c. 3. Dr. Raymond's Liniment.— Alcohol, 1 qt. ; oils of origanum, 2 ozs., and wormwood, 1 oz.; with camphor gum, 2 ozs.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and tincture of cantharides, 1 oz. Mixed, and used as other liniments. I04 Dr, Chase's Recipes. Dr. D. W. Raymond, of Conneaut, O., thinks that the last is tlie best liniment in the world. 4. German Rheumatic Fluid. — Oils of hemlocli and cedar, of each 3^ oz. ; oils of origanum and sassafras, each, 1 oz. ; aqua am- monia, loz.; capsicum, pulverized, loz.; spirits of turpentine and gum camphor, each, 3^ oz. ; put all into a quart bottle and fill with 95 per cent, alcohol. Tlie Germans speuk equally in praise of this fluid, as a liniment, as Dr. Raymond does of his, besides they say it is very valuable for cholic in man or horse. Dose. — For cholic, for man, half a tea-spoon ; for a horse, one-half to one ounce in a little warm water every fifteen minutes, until relieved. A gentleman jjurchased a horse for seventy-five dollars which had been strained in one of the fetlocks, worth before the strain one hundred and twenty-five dollars. He cured him with this liniment, and sold him for the original value. He cured his wife also of neuralgia, with the same since I have published this recipe. Judge ye of its value. 5. Cook's Electro-Magnetic Liniment. — Best alcohol, 1 gal.; oil of amber, 8 ozs. ; gum camphor, 8ozs.; Castile soap, shaved fine, 2ozs. ; beef gall, 4 ozs.; ammonia, 3 F's strong, 12 ozs.; mix, and shake occasionally for twelve hours, and it is fit for use. Tills will be found a strong and valuable liniment, and also cheap. It may be used in swellings, strains, «fcc., and rubbed upon tlie throat, breast, and lungs, in asthma, sore throat, etc. 6. Liniment for Spinal Affections. — Take a pint bottle and put into it oil of origanum, wormwood, spirits of turpentine, and gum camphor, of each 1 oz., and fill it with the best alcoliol. Mr. Barr, a gentleman with whom I have been acquainted for some four years, has been troubled with spinal weakness and pains, and he finds great relief from the use of this liniment ; and his daughter took it internally for a cough also, with success. 7. Great London Liniment. — Take chloroform, olive oil, and aqua ammonia, of each 1 oz. ; acetate of morphia, 10 grs. Mix, and use as other liniments. Very valuable. §. Gum Liniment. — Take gum myrrh, gum camphor, and gum opium, of each 3^ oz. ; cayenne pepper, ^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 pt.; mix. Tills liniment is ready for use in three or four days, and is very highly recommended by E. Burrows, of Matamora, Lapeer Co., Mich. He prefers rum, if a good article can be got, in place of the alcohol. This would be excellent in cholic or diarrlioea, also. 9. Patent Liniment. — In order that those who purchase the patent liniments may know what they are buying, I give a formula from which over twelve thousand dollars' worth of liniment was Medical Departtnent. 105 in two years' time, but one of the partners going out of the firm, and into the liverj'- business, gave me the plan as follows: Take whisky, 15 gals.; and put into it 2 lbs. of capsicum, pulver- ized, let it stand 10 days and percolate, or draw off the whisky, free of the sediment ; in the meantime take 1 gal. of the spirits of turpen- tine, and put into it oils of origanum, horse-mint, sassafras, and hemlock, 6 ozs. each ; add gum camphor, 2 lbs. Mix, and it is ready to sellf for the purpose of gulling those who suppose everybody to be honest because they are themselves so. But that no loss may arise from the space this liniment recipe occupies here, I will tell you how to make a good liniment by using a part of that with the following: Take of the patent liniment, 8 ozs. ; sweet oil and oils of origa- num, sassafras and aqua ammonia, of each, 2 ozs., and mix, shaking well as used, and this mixture will make a splendid horse liniment, with which you can easily blister, by bandaging the part if desired, and wetting the bandage with it. The first would cost less than $1.00 per gallon, whilst the retail price, two shillings per bottle, makes it oyer $2.00 per quart. See Avhere your money goes. 10. Lobelia and Cayenne Liniment. — Take a quart bottle and put into it ^ oz. of cayenne, pulverized, then put in 2 ozs. of lobelia herb, and fill up the bottle with whisky; in two weeks it is ready for use, and applicable for cuts, bruises, strains, sprains, etc. ; and it will heal cork cuts in the feet of oxen or horses, without stopping them from labor, and with but very little soreness, by applying two or three times daily. I know a gentleman who had a gash cut in his scalp, four inches in length, and to the skull in depth, by a falling limb, which by the use of this liniment only, as strange as it may appear, it healed with- out pain or soreness. But some may object to it as a whisky liniment. I admit it to be such, but by knowing how to make it yourselves, you get it for a whisky price, and if it be not found as good as one-half of the two-shillings-a-bottle liniments, then you may tell me that 1 do not know when I have a good thing. 11. Liniment — Said to be St. John's. — For 70 dozen bottles, take spirits of turpentine and seneca oils, of each 4 gals. ; linseed or sweet oil, 2 gals. ; oils of origanum, hemlock, juniper, amber, and laudanum, of each 3 qts. ; spirits of ammonia, 1 qt, ; tincture of arnica, 3 gals. ; camphor gum, 1 lb. Put all into a keg and shake well ; when you wish to fill into small bottles, shake it well and draw into a convenient bottle or pitcher to pour from ; and shake it well every time you fill five bottles; and shake the bottle whenever you use the liniment; thus it might be called Shaking Liniment. No matter what you call it, however, it is a good one. io6 Dr. Chasers Recipes. I obtained the recipe of a young man who worked in Mr. St. John's store over a year ; yet much care was taken to prevent the knowledge of its exact composition from being found out by assistants; it is a well known fact, however, that an observing mind can learn much, although not expressed in words. Perhaps he will blame me for pub- lishing information gained in that way, but I obtain knowledge for the benefit of the people ; and as I have called on the Doctor two different times, to sell my work, but could not succeed, I do not fee*l under any special obligations to him, and if I did, I go in for the greatest good to the greatest number. Were it not so, I should not publish much that is contained in this work, for iliere are many persons who have, and are making fortunes out of single recipes, now published for the benefit of the world. Because I could not sell my Recipes to I. L. St. John, a Druggist, of Tiffin, O., however, is not sa3nng I do not sell them to Druggists generally, as I do. In Aurora, 111, I sold to six, and in Pomeroy, O,, to seven, every one in either place, which is not common. They are, however, not only anxious to obtain information generally, but also willing to impart it to others ; and how Mr. St. John should have obtained as good recipes as the ones here attributed to him, without sometime having bought, is a little surprising ; for, as a general rule, tnose who put out " Patent Medicines," are not themselves the origina- tors of the recipes ; even Dr. Jayne is reported, I know not how truly, to have picked up the recipe in an out-house, for his celebrated Altera- tive. I say, then, am I not justified in publishing these recipes ? Nay, more! am I not honorable in thus benefiting the people? I rest the matter with them ; always willing to abide their decision. Persons only wishing to put up for their own use, will take one- seventieth the various amounts, which will be about as follows : Turpentine and seneca oils, of each 71^^ ozs. ; sweet oil and tincture of arnica, of each Z% ozs. ; oils of origanum, hemlock, juniper, am- ber, and laudanum, of each li^ ozs. ; spirits of ammonia, 3^^ oz. ; and gum camphor, \^ oz. ; which makes a little less than 1 qt., there being 64 qts., besides the gum camphor, in the whole amount. This calculation will be sufficiently near for all practical purposes. I have sold the condition powder and liniment, out of the drug store, made by the Doctor, which has always given good satisfaction. And I think any one who tries both will be as well pleased with those made from these recipes as with that which is sent out from Tiffin, and make it for one-fourth the cost of the other. COD LITER OIL.— Made Palatable and More Digestible.— To each bottle, add fine table-salt, 1 oz. Mix well. By this very simple plan cod liver oil has its peculiar unpleasant- ness overcome, as well as made far more easy for the stomach to dispose of. But even with this improvement, I do not consider a table-spoon Medical Department. 107 equal, for consumption, to a glass of rich, sweet cream, with a tea-spoon of best brandy in it, to be drank at each meal. CONSUMPTIYES.— Syrup Very Successful.- Take tamarack bark, without rossing, (the moss may be brushed off,) 1 peck ; spikenard root, 3^ lb.; dandelion root 3^ lb.; hops, 2 ozs. Boil these sufficiently to get the strength, in 3 or 3 gals, of water, strain and boil down to one gal.; when blood warm add 3 lbs. of honey and 3 pints of best brandy; bottle, and keep in a cool place. Dose — A wine-glass or a little less, as the stomach will bear, 3 or 4 times daily, before meals and at bed time. Consumption may justly be called the King of diseases, but he has many times been obliged to haul down his colors, and give place to health, and consequent happiness, when he came in contact with the above syrup. It does not, however, contain any of the articles usually put into syrups for this disease — this of itself ought to obtain for it a consideration. I have been told, and that by a professional man, that there was not an article in it of any value for consumption. I have acknowledged it does not contain any articles commonly used for that disease; but allow me to ask if they cure the disease in one case out of a hundred ? The answer is, no. I am now using this on a case within a few miles of the city, who had called one of our Professors. He promised benefit, and did benefit about one week; subsequently, two other physicians were also called without any lasting benefit. He had not cut his wood for nearly a year, nor done other labor to any extent ; he has now taken our syrup nearly three months; he was weak, spare in flesh, and coughed very much, with cold feet and surface; he is now stout, fleshy, and scarcely any cough; surface and feet warm. What more can be asked ? Yet he is very careless, for I called on him on a cold, snowy day, lately, and he was in the woods, for wood. Do I need better proof of its value? Ko one would expect sickness of the stomach to arise from its use, from the articles of which it is com- posed, but the first dose usually makes the person rather sick at the stomach, and sometimes vomits, but don't fear to continue its use. I had rather trust to tamarack-bark tea than three-fourths of the con- sumptive syrups of the day. Let every one who is afflicted with cough, be careful to avoid exposure as much as possible. Remember, with this syrup, or disease, as long as there is life, there is hope. But it would be deceptive and wicked to hold out to aU consump- tives the idea that they could be cured— /ac^5 speak like this, although I have never seen it in print, nor heard the remark, but my own observation says that nine of every ten hereditary consumptives will, in the end, die of the disease, while an equal number of those whose disease is brought on by colds being neglected, or from neglect of acute inflammations, etc., may be cured. Then those who know their parents or others in their family to have gone mtli the disease, need io8 Dr. Chasers Recipes. hardly expect a cure, notwithstanding much benefit may be derived from care, with the above treatment, good diet, and out-of-door exercise, while those whose systems are not tainted from parents, may expect a permanent cure. I shall now throw in a few thoughts of my own, and from the experience of many others in the profession, which I hope may benefit all needing light on the subject. First, then — ^Do not go South, to smother and die ; but go North, for cool, fresh air ; hunt, fish, and eat freely of the roasted game ; cast away care, after having trusted all in Christ, that it may be well, living or dying. Take a healthy, faithful friend with you, to lean upon when needed, in your rambles. So shallit be well with many who would otherwise sink to the consumptive's grave. Have your potatoes with you, and roast them in the embers ; your corn meal also, which you will mix with cold water, having a little salt in it, and bake on a hoard before the fire, and then say you cannot make out a good- flavored meal, and a healthy one also, from your roast venison, or broiled fish, and roast potatoes and jo?mni/-ciike, T will then acknowl- edge that you are indeed far gone on the consumptive's track, and especially if you have been wandering over hills and through the valleys of our northern country in pursuit of the game of which you are about to partake. Secondly, — Do not leave home after having tried everything else in vain, and just readj'^ to wrap the mantle of the grave around you; then you need all the care of many friends, and a quiet place to die ; but strike out the first thing when you become certain that permanent disease has fastened upon the lungs; then you may not only reasonably expect a cure, but be almost certain. Have the means with you to avoid getting wet by rains; but often wash and rub the whole surface, wearing flannel next the skin, and clothe yourself according to the weather and sex; for there is no reason why females should not pursue about the same course. They can dress a la Bloomer, and with their father, husband, brother, or other known friend, derive the same benefit from out-door exercise, like field or forest rambles, botanical huntings, geological surveys, or whatever sports or realities may give just the amount of exercise not to fatigue the invalid. For females who have families and cannot leave them, gardening will be the best substitute for travel, or of all the employments which can be engaged in. Lastly, — Those who are already far down the consumptive track, and confined at home, will derive much benefit hy using, at each meal, half a pint of rich, fresh cream. In all cases it is ahead of Cod Liver Oil, with no7ie of its disagreeableness. And if it can be borne, a tea- to a table-spoon of the best brandy may be added. Medical Department. 109 Much is being said, nowadays, about the necessity of constant inflation of the lungs by long-drawn breaths, holding the breath, also, as long as possible, when thus fully inflated; but, for those whose lungs are extensively diseased, it is not only useless, but very danger- ous, from the liability to burst blood-vessels in the lungs, causing hemorrhage, if not instant death. In the commencement of the disease, however, or for those in health, the practice is decidedly good. 2. Half a pint of new milk, with a wine-glass of expressed juice of green hoarhound, each morning for a month, is said to have worked wonders in relieving the soreness of the lungs, and giving tone to the general health in this disease. 3. Chlorate of Potash, for Consnmption. — A gentleman of Iowa read a paper about a year ago before the " American Medical Associa- tion," upon the subject of Chlorate of Potash in Consumption, givivig the history of a few cases only. For the want of a more extended trial of it, the Association thought best not to publish his paper, but referred it back to him, and to the consideration of the other members for further test. Amongst those members is Dr. A. B. Palmer, of this city, one of the "Vice-Presidents of the Association, and Professor of " Practice, Ma- teria Medica," etc., in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor — by the way, a gentleman and a scholar. Having had much experience in practice, he saw fit to give it a trial. He has used it in about thirty cases, and with a single exception with marked success; and in that case there was at first much improvement, but the patient was a German who does not understand our language very well, and from this fact when he found that it caused a heat or burning sensation in the stomach instead of going to the professor and have the quantity lessened, he abandoned it altogether. But through Prof Palmer's kindness I have been permitted to refer to other cases where a very marked amelioration has taken place. One of these, a married lady, although her lungs were full of tubercles, with much coughing, soreness of the lungs, with sharp pains upon full breaths being taken, etc., finds her cough loose, soreness all gone, and that full breaths can be taken without pain, (or stitching, as commonly called,) and fully believes that if she could have had this prescription early in the disease, she would now have been well, yet derives much relief from its use. Another lady has been using it only a few months, and finds that her symptoms are all very much relieved, and she has gained seventeen pounds in flesh. The Professor assures me that in the first few cases where he prescribed the chlorate, the benefits were so marked, it was really astonishing; which, of course, caused him to go on in its use, until, as before remarked, about thirty cases have been more or less benefited by its use, under his care. no Dr. Chase's Recipes, His method of giving it is to put about a tea-spoon of the chlorate into a glass of water, which is to be drank a little at a time, in from six to twenty-four hours, with other appropriate treatment. If in any case the chlorate should cause a heat or burning sensation at the stomach, lessen the quantity; and unless this does occur, no apprehensions need be felt in using it. It improves the general symp- toms, lessening the pulse, etc., whilst the Cod-Liver Oil has never done anything more than to benefit merely as food; and from its very disgusting smell and taste, and the almost impossibility of keeping it upon the stomacli, I greatly prefer the fresh sweet cream mentioned above, or the fat meat, as mentioned below. The hyper-phosphites have been extensively used, but Professor Palmer tells me that in Paris and other parts of Europe, where he traveled during the past summer, that not one well authenticated case of cure by them can be produced. But he feels much encouraged to hope that the chlorate will prove itself worthy of great confidence. The above was written one year ago ; and the reports coming in since then, both in America and from Europe, more than confirm the expected benefits and hoped-for advantages from the use of the cMorate in this disease. 4. Remarks on the Use of Fat Meats — Preyentive of Consump- tion. — There is so much said against tlie use of fat meats, and especially pork, as an article of diet, that I cannot better close my remarks upon this subject than by giving tlie opposite opinions of those in high places, corroborated also by my own experience. Dr. Dixon, of the Scalpel^ some time ago, assumed the position that "the use of oils would diminish the victims of consumption nine-tenths, and that that was the whole secret of the use of Cod-Liver Oil, to take the place of fat meats." Dr. Hooker's observations on the use of fat meats, connected with consumption, are as follows : "First. — Of all persons between the ages of 15 and 22 years, more than one-fifth eat no fat meat. Second. — Of persons at the age of 45, all, excepting less than 1 in 50, habitually use fat meat. Third. — Of persons who, between the ages of 15 and 22, avoid fat meat, a few acquire an appetite for it, and live to a good old age, while the greater portion die with phthisis (consumption) before 35. Fourth. — Of persons dying with phthisis between the ages of 13 and 45, nine- tenths, at least, have never used fat meats." " Most individuals who avoid fat meat, also use little butter or oily gravies, though many compensate for this want in part, at least, by a free use of those articles, and also milk, eggs, and various saccharine substances. But they constitute an imperfect substitute for fat meat, without which, sooner or later, the body is almost sure to show the effects of deficient calorification," Medical Department. " iii A lady-lecturer recently said in this city, in one of her lectures: " Set a piece of j?orA; before a lady: oh, horrible! the dirty, nasty, filthy stuff ; give us chicken — clean, nice ciiicken." Now this lady, certainly, was no farmer's wife, or she would have observed that the habits of chickens are ten times more filthy than that of the hog, if it be possible; for even the hog's leavings and droppings are carefully overhauled by them, and much of it appropriated to "ladies' meat." But their filthiness is no argument in either case; for nature's strainer (the stomach) throws off" all impurities. Why do so many young ladies, joung clergymen, and students, die of consumption? Simply because chicken or other lean meats, hot biscuit, etc., without exercise, make up the sums of their diet; when, if they would eat fat meats, with bread not less than one day old, scrub floors, saw wood, or other arm exercise, according to sex, an hour at each end of each day, they might be spared for years — perhaps to long lives of usefulness, to their families, congregations, or the world. 5. 80 far as poj^k is concerned as food, the following rule may be safely followed : If it agrees with the stomach, which is known by its digesting withQut *' risings," as it is called, its use may be continued, but if it rises, lessen the quantity, and if it still rises, abandon its use altogether; but it digests better with me than mutton or chicken, and I have been trying them for nearly Jifti/ years. The same rule is good for all articles of food. As to exercise, for men who are not regular laborers, wood-sawing is the best, next, horseback riding, then walking; for women, hoeing in the garden or field, next, sweeping, dusting, etc., then horseback riding, walking, etc. 6, But I have recently seen a piece going the rounds of the papers as the best cure for consumption in the world, which contains so much good sense that I will close my remarks on the subject by giving it a quotation, and let every one judge for themselves, which to try, if they see fit to give either a trial. It is represented as coming from an exchange only, but from its style of remark, I think it must have started from HalVs Journal of Health : " Eat all that the appetite requires of the most nourishing food, such as fresh beef, lamb, oysters, raw eggs, fruit, vegetables, and three times a day take a glass of egg-nog, made as rich as the patient can bear. Avoid all other alcoholic drinks. Bathe twice a week in water made agreeably warm, and in a warm room ; after bathing, rub the body and limbs with sweet cream or sweet oil. Exercise daily in the open air ; walking is the best. Stand erect, exercise the arms and lungs freely; keep the mind cheerful; take freely of the best cough syrup, and consumption will be a stranger to your household. "For making the best cough syrup, take 1 oz. of thoroiighwort; 1 oz. of slippery elm; 1 oz. of stick licorice, and 1 oz. of flax seed; simmer together in 1 qt. of water until the strength is entirely 112 Dr. Chase's Recipes. extracted. Strain carefully, add 1 pt. of best molasses and % lb. of loaf sugar; simmer them all well together, and when cold bottle tight. This is the cheapest, best, and safest medicine now or ever in use." " A few doses of one table-spoon at a time will alleviate the most distressing cough of the lungs, soothes and allays irritation, and if continued, subdues any tendency to consumption ; breaks up entirely the whooping cough, and no better remedy can be found for croup, asthma, bronchitis, and all affections of the lungs nnd throat. Thou- sands of precious lives may be saved every year by this cheap and simple remedy, as well as thousands of dollars which would otherwise be spent in the purchase of nostrums which are both useless and dangerous." — Exchange. For egg-nog, see " Stimulant in Low Fe- vers." OINTMENTS.— For Old Sores.— Red precipitate, i^ oz.; sugar of lead, 3^ oz. ; burnt alum, 1 oz. ; white vitriol, 34 oz., or a little less; all to be very finely pulverized; have mutton tallow made warm, 3^ lb. ; stir all in, and stir until cool. Mr. Brownell, of Dowagiac, Michigan, thinks there is no ointment equal to this for fever or any otlier old sores, from actual trial, as much so as Mr. Lootais does of his Liniment Ko. 2. 2. Jndkin's Ointment.— This ointment has long been celebrated through Ohio and the Eastern States. It was invented and put up by an old Doctor of that name, whose family took to the profession of medicine as naturally as ducks to water. I obtained it of one of the sons, who is practicing at Malaga, Ohio, from whom I also obtained Landolfi's and his own method of curing cancer, (see those recipes,) and he always uses this ointment to heal cancers and all other sores : Linseed-oil, 1 pt.; sweet oil, 1 oz. ; and boil them in a kettle on coals for nearly 4 hours, as warm as you can; then have pulverized and mixed, borax, i^ oz. ; red lead, 4 ozs., and sugar of lead 1^ ozs.; remove the kettle from the fire and thicken in the powder ; continue the stirring until cooled to blood heat, then stir in I oz. of spirits of turpentine; and now take out a little, letting it get cold, and if not then sufficiently thick to spread upon thin, soft linen, as a salve, you will boil again until this point is reached. He saj-^s, and I have no doubt of it, that it is good for all kinds of wounds, bruises, sores, burns, white swellings, rheumatisms, ulcers, sore breasts, and even where there are wounds on the inside, it has been used with advantage, "by applying a plaster over the part. 3. Sisson's Ointment. — Best brandy, }4. P^-i turpentine, 1 gill; camphor gum, 1 oz. ; beefs gall, }^ pt ; (beefs gall bottled with 3^ pt. alcohol, will keep nice for future use); neats-foot oil, 1 pt. Mix. This ointment, or properly liniment, is probably not equaled for reducing swellings which arise from bad bruises, or swellings of long Medical Department 113 standing; rub it in for quite a lengtli of time, then wet a flannel in it and wrap around the parts. 4. Green Ointment.— White pine turpentine and lard. }^ lb. each ; honey and bees-wax, i<^ lb. each ; melt all together and stir in J^ oz. of mry finely pulverized verdigris. In deep wounds and old sores this works admirably. It keeps out proud flesh and heals beyond all calculation, keeping up a healthy discharge. It was used on a horse, which had run upon a fence stake, the stake entering under the shoulder-blade and penetrating eighteen inches alongside of the ribs; the ointment was introduced by stiffening linen cloth with warm bees-wax, and rolling it up into what is called a tent,, then smearing the ointment upon the tent, and pushing it to the bottom of the wound, which kept the outside from healing until it healed from the bottom, and thus saved the horse, which everybody said must die; and of course everybody always knows. The man owning the horse was thrown from his buggy whilst the horse was running, and had a leg broken ; the horse was well before the man. Hiram Sisson, an old farrier and farmer, of Crown Point, Essex Co., iN". Y.. has used this and the one bearing his name, No. 3, several years, and speaks of them in the highest terms. Mr. Wykoff", a few miles north of this city, has used this green ointment for several years, curing a deep cut in the thigh of a friend in a few days with it, which induced him to pay ten dollars to an English lady for the recipe; since then he cured a bad (;ase of chilblains, with it, upon a German boy who had not worn boots or shoes for three years, on their account. I have now known it for two years, curing cuts on horses' feet from stepping over corn stubble in spring ploughing, by only a few appli- cations. It Is worth more than the cost of this book to any family who has not got it. This, mixed with equal parts of the " Magnetic," No. 11, and tlie world cannot beat it for general use. 5. Green Ointment. — Honey and bees-wax, each V^ lb. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 oz. : wintergreen oil and laudanum, each 2 ozs. ; verdigris, finely pulverized, ^ oz.; lard, 1}^ lbs.; mix by a stove fire, in a copper kettle, heating slowly. I have given this ointment, varying somewhat from the first obtained of a gentleman at Jamestown, N. Y. who was selling it in large quantities, as he uses the spirits of turpentine instead of the white pine, for that frequently is hard to get, and by some this will be preferred, for the flesh of a few persons will inflame under the free use of verdigris, and it will be seen that this last recipe has not near as much of it in as the first. 6. Dr. Kiitredge's Celebrated Ointment,— For *' Pimpled- Face," *' Prairie Itch,'' etc. — Take a pint bottle and put into it nitric acid, 1 oz. ; quicksilver, 1 oz., and let stand until the silver is cut; then melt lard, 3^ lb. in an earthen bowl and mix all together, and stir with a wooden spatula until cold. 114 Dr, Chase's Recipes. Old Dr. Kittredge is an Allopathic physician, but his ointment has been known, over the whole State, as death to the "Michigan, or Prairie Itch,'' and the Doctor recommends it for Cancerous, Scrofulous, and Syphilitic Ulcers, also Sa1t-rheum, Ring-Worms, " Pimpled-Face," Chronic Inflammation of the Eyelids, etc. Application. — For cutaneous eruptions, scratch off the scab, warm the cerate, rub in thoroughly once a day; for running ulcers, spread a thin plaster, and not change oftener than once in thirty-six or forty-eight hours. T. Mead's Salt-rheum Ointment. — Aquafortis, 1 oz.; quicksilver, 1 oz. ; good hard soap, dissolved so as to mix readilj'-, 1 oz. ; prepared chalk 1 oz., mixed with 1 lb. of lard; incorporate the above by putting the aquafortis and quicksilver into an earthen vessel, and when done effervescing, mix with the other ingredients, putting the chalk in last, and add a little spirits of turpentine, say 3^ a table-spoon. Mr. Mead is a resident of this city, advanced in age, over ninety years, and great confidence may be placed in this recipe. He sent it for insertion in the seventh edition of this work, and many have tried it witli satisfaction. He first proved it on himself, after suffering with Salt-rheum for ten years; at first it came back after two years; he then cured it again, and now has been free from it about fourteen years. His only object in presenting me the recipe was to do good to liis fellow-creatures. Some physicians think that if nitric acid one ounce and three drachms, was put upon the quicksilver, and cut or dissolved by gentle heat, that it would be a better way to prepare it; but I never wish to change when an article works as well as this does. §• Dr. Gibson, of Jamestown, Pa., says he has never failed in curing salt-rheum or leprosy, (meaning very bad skin diseases) with the following: First, wash the part with castile soap and water, dry with a soft cloth, then wet the parts erupted with the tincture of iodine, and after this gets dry, anoint with citron ointment. When the eruption exists about parts not covered with clothing, use the following wash alter- nately with the tincture: Corrosive sublimate, 1 dr.; sugar of lead, 3 ozs. ; white vitriol, 3 scruples; salammoniac, 3 drs. ; common salt, 2 drs. ; soft water, 1 pt. ; mix. He had a case— a young gentleman who was engaged to be married, but the lady would not marry him until cured from the fact that a sore of a leprous or obstinate character surrounded his head where the hat came in contact with it. But patience and nine months perseverance removed the scab from his crown, and crowned him with a help-meet. Let me here say, that in any disease of long standing, use some of the alterative medicines to cleanse the blood, while using the out- ward applications. The " Cathartic Alterative" is especially adapted to the skin diseases, and should be continued some time, even if you are not anxious to get married. The Citron Ointment Is kept by nearly all druggists. Medical Department. 115 9. White lead in sweet oil, used as an ointment, cured a lady in Lafayette, Tnd., of a bad case of Salt-rheum. 10. Itch Ointment.— Unsalted butter, 1 lb.; Burgundy pitch, 2 ozs.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs.; red percipitate, pulvericed, 1^ oz.; melt the pitch and add the butter, stirring well together; then remove from the lire, and when a little cool, add the spirits of turpentine, and lastly the precipitate, and stir until cold. This will cure all cases of psora, usually called " The Itch," and many other skin eruptions, as pimples, blotches, etc. Dr. Beach thinks the animal which infests the skin, in real itch, is the result of the disease, whilst most authors think it the cause. 11. Magnetic Ointment— Said to be Trask's.— Lard, raisins, cut in pieces, and fine-cut tobacco, equal weights; simmer well together, then strain, and press out all from the dregs. The above is an excellent ointment, and looks like its namesake, and its action is really magnetic. Mix this in equal parts with the first Green Ointment, No. 4, and it will make a good application in Piles, Salt-rheum, and all cutaneous or skin diseases, as well as Cuts, Bruises, etc. If used in Salt-rheum, some of the alterative remedies must be taken at the same time, and long continued. 12. Stramonium Ointment.— The probability is, that for gen- eral use, no ointment will be found superior to this, w^hen properly made. It is kept by most druggists, but it is not half as good, generally, as if made by the following directions. I give large pro- portions, from the fact that it will be used in large quantities. Stramonium is known by the names of "Jimpson," "Stink-weed," ' Thorn-apple," etc., from its thorny burr. Pick about a bushel of the leaves, while yet green, having a suita- ble iron kettle placed over a slow fire; put in a few of the leaves, and mash them as you keep adding, until you get them all mashed into a pulpy mass; then put in lard, 5 lbs., and stew to a crisp; then strain, and box for use. Those who live in towns, and prefer to make it with less trouble, will purchase 1 dr. of the soft extract, kept by druggists, rubbing it with a little water until it is of such a consistence as to allow it to be rubbed into an ointment with lard, 1 oz. This will be better than the sale ointment, but not as good as the "Home Made," above. It is anodyne (relieves pain) in burns, scalds, old irritable ulcers, skin diseases, painful hemorrhoids (Piles), and is discutient (driving away swellings), and very strengthening to broken limbs, i. e., after the bones are healed, to rub over the limb freely and thoroughly. It reduces the swelling, and gives tone to the muscles, tendons, etc. We have recently known two cases of fracture, one a compound fracture of the ankle, the other of the wrist, both in persons well advanced in life; in both cases strength returned very slowly, but with double speed by the free application of this ointment; and in the first case it undoubtedly prevented mortification. It is valuable, also, in painful or swelled rheumatism. Or, perhaps what would be pre- Ii6 Dr. Chase's Recipes. ferable in such cases, is a tincture made from tlie seeds of the thorny- burr, two ounces, to alcohol and water, of each a half-pint. If it is not found ahead of the "Tincture of Arnica," I will give you my head for a foot-ball. In applying it, wet cloths or brown paper, and bind upon the parts, keeping them well wet. To make this tincture, see " Tinctures." 13. Toad Ointment.— For sprains, strains, lame-back, rheuma- tism, caked breasts, caked udders, etc., etc. Good sized live toads, 4 in number; put into boiling water and cook very soft; then take them out and boil the water down to i^ pt., and add fresh churned, unsalted butter, 1 lb., and simmer together; at the last add tincture of arnica, 2 ozs. This was obtained from an old physician, who thought more of it than of any other prescription in his possession. Some persons might think it hard on toads, but you could not kill them quicker in any other way. JAUNDICE.— Dr. Peabody's Cure.— In its Worst Forms.— Red iodide of mercury, 7 grs. ; iodide of potassium, 9 grs. ; aqua dis. (dis- tilled water), 1 oz.; mix. Commence by giving 8 drops 3 or 4 times a day, increasing 1 drop a day until 12 or 15 drops are given at a dose. Give in a little water immediately after meals. If it causes a griping sensation in the bowls, and fullness in the head when you get up to 12 or 15 drops, go back to 6 drops, and up again as before. In two very bad cases of jaundice, I have known the above to be entirely successful. I am aware that many persons will not use any preparation con- taining mercury in any of its forms, while there are many otliers who would use them for that very reason. My object is to benefit aZ?, without strengthening the prejudices of any. For this reason, I give you the following: 2. Drink for Jaundice. — Tie up soot and saffron, equal parts, in a cloth, to the size or half of a hen's ^^^'-^ let it lie in a glass of water over night; in the morning put the yolk of an ^g'g., beaten, into this water, and drink it. Do this 3 mornings, skipping 3, until nine doses have been taken. I am assured that it has proved successful in many bad cases. See also " Soot Coffee," No. 12, amongst the Ague remedies. PILES.— Successful Remedies.— Internal Remedy. — Cream-of- tartar, jalap pulverized, senna, and flowers of sulphur, 1 oz. each; nitrate of potash (saltpetre), J^ oz. ; golden seal, 1 oz., thoroughly jDulverize all together, in a mortar, and give a tea-spoon three times every day, or the dose may be varied to suit the condition of the patient, taking more or less to suit circumstances, keeping the bowels in a solvent state. External Application. — Inner bark of the white oak tree, boil and strain, and boil again until you obtain y^ pt. of the extract, very thick; then add y^ pt. of the oil of the oldest and strongest bacon you can procure ; simmer together until a union takes place when cold. Then apply by the ringer up the rectum every night, until well. Be very strict to abstain from strong and stimulating diet. The above is Medical Department. 117 a sure cure for blind or bleeding piles, in all cases, sooner or later. Dr. Harriman, of Andersontown, Ind., has been very successful with this plan of treating Piles ; and since I obtained the plan, now two years, I have had one opportunity of proving it efficiency, upon a gentleman who had been laid up for days, and sometimes weeks, with the complaint. By a few applications of the external remedy he has been enabled to keep directly along with his labor. 2. Pile Cerate. — Carbonate of lead, 3^ oz. ; sulphate of morphia, 15 grs. ; stramonium ointment, 1 oz.; olive oil, 20 drops. Mix, and apply 3 times a day, or as occasion and pain may require. This create has been highly celebrated as a remedy in Piles. It will relieve the pain most assuredly. Piles have been cured with lamp oil, applied to the parts two or three times a day. Even tallow or any simple ointment, is good for dry piles, that is, for pain in those parts, coming on often in the dead of night, without apparent cause. 3. For External Piles. — The following is very highly spoken of: Take oyster shells wash and burn them, then finely pulverize and rub up with fresh lard; anoint with this, and take internally, sulphur, one ounce, mixed with three ounces of pulverized resin ; take night and morning what will lay on a five cent piece. Take every day for the first week, then every three or four days, until well, continuing the ointment. 4. Mrs. Morehead, of Danville, Ind., cured herself of Piles by simply sitting in a hip-bath of warm water, every time the pains would come on, after stools, or any other time, remaining in the bath until the pain left her. Her husband cured himself by sitting in cold water, and using ujDon the parts an ointment made by stewing celen- dine in fresh lard. I give these various plans, so that if any one fails, a remedy may certainly be found amongst the many given. 5. G. P. Rogers, of Ironton, O., has known cases cured by using the following ointment: Powdered opium and powdered resin, one ounce each, mixed with one ounce of tallow, and anoint as required. 6. Dr. D. W. Raymond, of Conneaut, O., says: Equal weights of glycerine and tannin will cure Piles, by anointing with it, and that very speedily; also cures sore or cracked nipples in twenty-four hours, and is remarkably good for any excoriation, or sore, of the skin. I know that simple tallow introduced into the rectum is exceedingly beneficial in Piles, which satisfies me that any preparation containing oil, or any kind of grease, is good. 7. I have found in the scrap of an old newspaper, the following, and it is so easily tried, and speaks with so much certainty, and is so simple, that I give it an insertion: ** Simple cure for Piles.— Mix one table-spoon of sulphur with half a pint of milk, to be taken every day until favorable symptoms appear, and then occasionally, as the case may require. The above is a cheap, simple, and most infallible cure for that most painful and uu- Ii8 Dr. Chasers Recipes. pleasant disorder. Tt lias been used with complete success in old and inveterate cases M^here individuals had spent scores of dollars in medi- cal advice. It is equally useful as a preventive. It will injure none, and only requires a trial." 8, Paschal Mason, living near this city, cured a Southern lady, visiting in tlie neighborhood, wlio was confined to the bed with them, by making a strong tea of the wild swamp-currant root, drinking occasionally for a few days only. 9. Jimpson leaves and parsely, a handful of each, stewed in lard, one pound, and used as an ointment, has cured many cases. ANODYNES— Hoffman's Anodyne, or Golden Tincture.— Sul- phuric ether, 2 ozs. ; alcohol, 4 ozs.; and ethereal oil ^4 dr.; mix. Dose. — From half to two tea-spoons, (3^ dr. to 2 dr.), according to the urgency or jiain for which it is given. It is given in a little sweetened water, and much preferred by the Germans to laudanum, especially where laudanum causes sickness of tne stomach. It makes an excellent local application in neuralgia and other painful affections, being second cousin to the "Magnetic Tooth Cordial " and " Paralytic Liniment." 2. Laiidauum. — Best Turkey opium, 1 oz.; slice, and pour upon it boiling water, 1 gill, and work it in a bowl or mortar until it is dis- solved; then pour it into the bottle, and with alcohol of seventy-six per cent, proof, ^ pt., rinse the dish, adding the alcohol to the prepa- ration, shaking well, and in twenty-four hours it will be ready for use. Dose. — From 10 to 30 drops for adults, according to the strength of patient, or severity of the pain. Thirty drops of this laudanum will be equal to one grain of opium. And this is a much better way to prepare it than putting the opium into alcohol, or any other spirits alone, for in that case much of the opium does not dissolve. See the remarks occurring after " Godfrey's Cordial." 3. P.aregoric. — Best opium "^ dr.; dissolve in about 2 table- spoons of boiling water; then add benzoic acid ^ dr.; oil of anise, y^ a fluid dr. ; clarified honey, 1 oz. ; camphor gum, 1 scruple ; alcohol, 76 per cent., 11 fluid ozs; distilled water, 4>^ fluid ozs.; macerate (keep warm) for two weeks. Dose. — For children, 5 to 20 drops; adults, 1 to 2 tea-spoons. Used as an anodyne and antispasmodic, allays cough, relieves nausea and slight pains in the stomach and bowels, checks diarrhoea, and procures sleep. Used principally for children. See the remarks after No. 5, below. 4. Bateman's Pectoral Drops. — Opium in powder, catechu in powder, camphor gum, red sanders rasped, of each, yi oz.; oil of anise, 1 dr. ; dilute alcohol, (alcohol of 76 per cent, and water in equal proportions,) 1 gal. Keep warm for two weeks. The opium strength of this is about equal to paregoric, and it is used for similar purposes, and doses. See the remarks below. 5. Godfrey's Cordial.— Dissolve pure carbonate of potassa, 1 oz., in water, 5 qts., and add nice golden syrup or best molasses, 3 qts*, Medical Department 119 and heat until they begin to simmer, take off the scum, and add laudanum, 9 ozs., and oil of sassafras, 1 dr. Mix well. Used similar to the two last. Remarks. — It is a well-known fact that much injury is done to children by the use of anodynes, such as tlie above, and " Mrs. Wins- low's Soothing Syrup," which is now taking the place, to a great extent, in towns, of the foregoing, for I noticed a short time ago eighty-seven empty bottles with Mrs. Winslow's label upon them, sitting on a counter of one of our drug stores, which led me to ask if they put up her syrup. The answer was No, a lady in this city has fed that much to one child within the past eighteen months. The question might be asked, why do you tell people how to make any of these anodynes? Because they are good in proper cases, when properly used, and to give a place for these remarks ; for those who are evil disposed will find a way to accomplish their designs, whilst the well disposed will, or can act only from knowledge, and If they do not know the evils arising from the constant use of anodynes on children, are as liable to do evil as the evil disposed. Then let it be remembered that the constant use of opium in any of its preparations, on children or adults, disturbs the nervous system, and establishes a nervous necessity for its continuation. Then use them only in severe pain, or extreme nervousness, laying them by again as soon as possible under the circumstances of the case. Of course we do not give a recipe for the "Soothing Syrup" spoken of, as its exact composition has not yet come out to the public ; but that its soothing properties are owing to opium, there is not the least doubt. See " Carminatives," which are preferable to opiates, especially for children. RHEUMATISMS.— Iniaammatory Rheumatisms.— Bill Wright's and other Cures. — Sulphur and saltpetre, of each , 1 oz. ; gum guaiac, % oz. ; colchicum root, or seed, and nutmegs, of eacli, 3^ oz. ; all to be pulverized and mixed with simple syrup or molasses, 2 ozs. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 2 hours, until it moves the bowels rather freely; then 3 or 4 times daily, until cured. Mr. Wright, of the Niagara Hotel, Toledo, O., has several times proved this to be an excellent medicine, and since I obtained it I found a man at Marshall, Mich., one Saturday evening, with his feet and legs so swollen with this disease, that he could but just crawl with two crutches. I filled this prescription and gave him a tea-spoon of it every two hours, until it moved his bowels, then every four hours, and on Monday noon he could walk quite comfortably without cane or crutch, the medicine costing him only twenty cents. 2. Rheumatic Alterative. — In Rheumatism of long standing, the following preparation has often proved very valuable: Colchicum seed, and black cohosh root, of each, 1^ oz., the roct to be bruised; best rye whisky, 1 pt. ; put together, and let stand 3 or 4 I20 Dr. Chase's Recipes. days. Dose. — From 1 tea-spoon to a table-spoon 3 times daily, before meals. Tlie action will be to loosen the bowels, or cause a little sickness at the stomach ; and the dose may be modified, not to cause too great an effect upon the patient either way, but increasing the dose, if neces- sary, until one of these specific actions is felt, and lessening it if the action is too great in any case. 3. Rheumatic Liniment. — Olive oil, spirits of camphor, and chloroform, of each, 2 ozs.; sassafras oil, 1 tea-spoon. First add the oil of sassafras to the olive oil, then the spirits of camphor, and shake well before putting in the chloroform, shaking when used, keeping it corked, as the chloroform evaporates very fast if left open. Apply 3 or four times daily, rubbing it well, and always toward the body. I had a brother-in-law cured of a very bad case of inflammatory, or swelling rheumatism, by the use of this liniment — accomplished in about four days, without other treatment. He paid five dollars for the recipe after the cure. But I woulfl recommend the use of this in connection with " Bill Wright's Cure," above, feeling perfectly assured that no attack will stand before the internal and external combination. 4. J. B. Hitchcox, Ypsilanti, Mich., uses spirits of turpentine, 1 pt. ; tar, 2 tea-spoons; oil of vitriol, 1 tea-spoon; mixing in a mug; then sets them on tire, letting it burn 15 minutes, and bottle for use. He bathes the parts freely twice daily with this preparation, then binds on the mashed tory-weed, as mentioned under the head of "Reducing Swellings," and gives a little spirits of turpentine inter- nally. 5. Alvah Raymond takes rum, 1 pt; neafs-foot oil, 3^ pt., or if the joint is stiff, skunk's oil instead of the other; spirits of turpentine, 1 gill, and simmers them together, and bottles for use, rubbing it in thoroughly 3 times daily. He also directs to soak the feet in hot water, scraping the bottoms of the feet with an old knife; then he has poke root roasted and mashed, mixing with it tar and sulphur, to form drafts for the feet. With this method of treatment he assures me he has been very success- ful for 30 years. And it bears so strong a resemblance to Dr. Kittredge's preparation, next following, for stiftened joints in rheu- matism, that it gives me double confidence in them both. 6. Dr. Kittredge's Remefly for Rheumatism and Stiff Joints.— Strong camphor spirits, 1 pt. ; neat's-foot, coon, bear, or skunk's oil, 1 pt.- spirits of turpentine, ^ pt. Shake the bottle when used, and apply 3 times daily, by pouring on a little at a time and rubbing in all you can for 20 to 30 minutes. The old Doctor recommends this as a sure cure for chronic rheu- matism, sprains, stiff joints, where they have not formed an anchy- losis, that is, if the bones have not actually grown together; and as remarked in connection with his ointment. No. 6, he has been a very celebrated physician for many years; but like many o^/icr men with Medical Department. 121 superior minds, oh ! how fallen. Rum, and its advocates, have got a most fearful account to balance. T. French and Other Remedies for Chronic Rheumatism. — Dr. Bonnett, of Graulbet, France, states in a letter to the Aheille Mediccde^ that he " has been long in the habit of prescribing: " The essential oil of turpentine for frictions against rheumatism. And that he has used it himself with perfect success, having almost instantaneously got rid of rheumatic pains in both knees and in the left shoulder." He was led to make the prescription from having used the oil of turpentine to wash coal tar and other sticking mixtures from his hands. After having washed his hands in soap and water, and dr^ung them, a pricking sensation, like an electric spark upon the knuckles from a machine lasting about two hours, was always experienced, and it is to tills exciting action that he attributes its etficacy. It may be used twice or thrice daily. 8. Chronic Rlieumatism has been cured in twenty-four hours, after two years' suffering, by using alcohol, spirits of turpentine, sw^eet spirits of nitre, and oil of juniper, equal parts of each; mix; rub well into the parts, and take ten drops at bed time in water. 9. Bitters for Chronic Rheumatism. — Prickly-ash berries, spike- nard root, yellow poplar and dog-wood barks, of each 3^ lb. ; all pulverized and put into a gallon jug, and till it up with brandy. Dose. — A wine glass of it is to be taken 3 times daily before meals. A baker, of Lafayette, Ind., was cured by the use of this amount, of a very bad case of this disease, of long standing. 10. David Howry, of Greenville, Ohio, says yellow poplar, dog- wood, prickly-ash, wild cherry, and white-ash barks of the trees, equal quantities of each, a good large handful, boiled in 2 gals, of water to 1, and add 1 gal. of goodokUye, will, if taken freely 3 times daily, cure the worst inflammatory rheumatism in the world. There is no question but what both of these preparations, and the next also, are good, if made sufficiently strong with the barks. But 1 snould consider them much more applicable in chronic cases, or rheu- matism of long standing; and in these very applicable indeed; and I am well satisfied that no one will take them for spirits. 11. Chronic Rheumatism, has been cured by taking the bark of a bearing crab-apple tree, and putting a sufficient amount of it into whisky to make it very strong, then taking a wine-glass three times daily, until a gallon was used. 12. Green Bay Indian's Remedy for Rheumatism.— Walioo, bark of the root, 1 oz. ; blood-root, 1 oz. ; black cohosh root, 2 ozs. ; swamp hellebore, % oz. ; prickly-ash bark or bei-ries, 1 oz. ; poke root, cut fine, 1 oz. ; rye whisky, 1 qt.; let stand a few days before using. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 3 or 4 hours, increasing the dose to 2 or 3 tea-spoons, as the stomach will bear. Soak the feet well aiad go to bed, covering up warm, and taking the "Sweating Drops" between each dose, as thei^ directed, for three or 6 122 Dr, Chase's Recipes. four hours, and repeat the sweating every day until the disease surren- ders to the treatment. If at any time the head feels too full, or the stomach sickens too much, drop down to the first dose of a tea-spooiii or even less, if necessar3\ This prescription is from Jacob S. Cornelius, an Indian of Green Bay, who was very successful in Illinois, with it, in this disease. 13. I know an old physician who assures me that he has cured cases where all other remedies failed, with saltpeter, beginning with twenty grains, and doubling the dose every three or four hours, until it reached half an ounce, in a very robust and plethoric patient; but this dose would be too large to venture upon by persons not of a plethoric habit. But as it is mostly prescribed, by putting a table- spoon to a pint of whisky, then a tea-spoon for a dose ; you might as well expect to dip the Atlantic into the Pacific with a tea-spoon, as to cure rheumatism in that slow way. It may be taken in quantities from half an ounce to an ounce and a half, in the twenty-four hours, being \irgely diluted with water. If pain should come on in the fetomacli, under its use, stop it at once, and give large quantities of mucilaginous drinks, such as slippery-elm water, gum-arabic water, flax-seed tea, etc. 14. New Remedy. — Kerosene oil, 3 ozs. ; skunk's oil, 1 oz.; mix, and shake when applied. Put it on quite freely, and heat it in by the stove, or by means of a hot shovel. A firm of grocers, Slawson & Geer, of this city, have been using this mixture during the past winter upon their own persons, and have recommended it to many others, amongst them one of the Clergymen, and also the President of the University, and so far as tliey know, it has i^roved very successful, relieving the pain directly. 15. One of our physicians in tlie city has used a preparation very nearly resembling tlie above, but varying sufficiently to satisfy myself that any other animal oil will do as well as that from the highly-flavored one above mentioned. He used kerosene oil, 2 ozs.; neat's-foot oil, 1 oz.; oil of origanum, 3^ oz. ; mixed and shaken as used. The smell of the kerosene oil is not very pleasant, but if a pair of ankles and feet, badly swollen, so much so that you could not walk on them for months, could be cured in two or three weeks, as it was in this case, it might be well to put up with its disagreeable smell. Rub and heat it in thoroughly twice daily. ASTHMA. — Kemedies. — Elecampane, angelica, comfrey, and spikenard roots, with hoarhound tops, of each 1 oz. ; bruise and steep in honey, 1 pt. Dose— A table-spoon, taken hot every few minutes, untifrelief is obtained, then several times daily until a cure is eftected. It cured a young lady, near the "Falls of the Ohio,'' whom the doctors said it was wicked to disturb. " Let her dU in peace," was Medical Department. 123 their advice to the parents. An old lady, instead, let her lite in peace. It will be found very excellent in any cough; even low consumptives will find great relief from its use. 2, Dr. J. K. Finlej^, of Pittsburg, cured a lady with whom I afterwards became acquainted, and from the completeness of the cure, I was induced to write to the doctor and obtain the prescription. It is as follows : Oil of tar, 1 dr ; tincture of veratrum viride, 2 drs. ; simple syrup, 2 drs. ; mix. Dose. — For adults, 15 drops, 8 or 4 times daily. I have very great confidence in this prescription. 3, A lady at Yellow Springs, O., tells me that she cured herself of Asthma, by using, for her common drink, a tea made of the leaves of common chestnut, which had fallen from the tree in autumn; sweeten well, and continue its use for 2 or 3 months. She used it for a month at first, and it returned, when she con- tinued its use for two months; and ten years have elapsed without its return. It is certainly safe as well as simple, and of easy trial. Lobelia is considered by some a specific in Asthma, but the pre- judice against it is so great I forbear speaking further of it; but: 4, Iodide of potassium has cured a bad case of Asthma, by taking 5 gr. doses, 3 times daily. Take i^^ oz. and put it into a vial, and add 32 tea-spoons of water — then 1 tea-spoon of it will contain the 5 grs., which jiut into "%. &ill more of water, and drink before meals. COMPOSITION POWDER.— Thompson's.— "Bayberry bark, 2 lbs. ; hemlock bark, 1 lb. ; ginger root, 1 lb.; cayenne pepper, 2 ozs. ; cloves, 2 ozs.; all finely pulverized and well mixed. Dose. — One-half of a tea-spoon of it, and a spoon of sugar; put them into a tea-cup and pour it half full of boiling water; let it stand a few minutes and fill the cup with milk, and drink freely. If no milk is to be obtained fill up the cup with hot water. "This, in the first stages and less violent attacks of the disease, is a valuable medicine, and may be safely employed in all cases. It is good in relax, pain in the stomach and bowels, and to remove all obstructions caused by cold. A few doses, the patient being in bed with a steaming stone at the feet, or having soaked the feet fifteen or twenty minutes in hot water, drinking freely of the tea at the same time, will cure a bad cold, and often throw off disease in its first stages." I use it, taking or giving, lobelia emetics, as mentioned under the head of " Eclectic Emetics." I use it also as a: 2. Dyspeptic Tea. — Where an attack has been brought on by over-indulgence at an extra rich meal, you will find immediate and generally perfect relief by having a cup of this tea made, and drink- ing about one-half of it fifteen minutes before meals, and the balance just as you sit down to the meal, not taking any other fluid at all until after digestion is over, following up the same plan for a few days or weeks, as may be necessary. It stimulates the stomach to action. 124 Dr. Chase's Recipes. causing digestion and absorption, preventing also tlie accumulation of gas, whicli is the cause of eructations of wind from the stomach, commonly called belching, and gives tone to the whole system. A cup of this tea taken when going out into extreme cold, will be found a better warmer than the whisky or any other ardent spirit, which so many resort to upon such occasions; and, what is best of all, it will be found : 3. A Perfect Cure for Drunkenness. — Let those who are accus. tomed to the excessive use of ardent spirits, and who wish to stop the practice, I say, let such have a cup of this tea made, as above directed, and drink a part of it immediately on rising in the morning, and the balance just before meal time, keeping entirely away from the places of temptation, they will find a warm, healthy glow spreading from the stomach over the whole system, with a desire for food instead of "rot-gut." Follow this up faithfully, two or three times daily, or whenever the craving begins for the accustomed stimulus, for a few days or weeks^ if necessary, and it will be found that the cayenne, which is the purest stimulant in the whole Materia Medica, with its assistant, the bayberry, which stimulate without an iiiXer prostration^ have gradually supplied and satisfied the previous false appetite or cravings of the stomach; whilst the combination has toned up the stomach, together with the whole system, and again you find your- self a man. But remember, oh, remember! your only safety is in keeping entirely away from places tohere intoxicating spirits are kept or sold ! A burned child will not play with fire. I would to God that a burned man was equally wise. For not one in a thoiisand can resist the solicitation of enemies, (called friends,) to take a glass, just one, and that one glass acts like fresh coals upon extinguished bands, and the fire goes ahead again with a hundred-fold more energy than if thrown upon wood which had never been charred; hence, the x^ropri- ety of the sentence, " plucked as a brand from the everlasting burn- ings,'' — for if re-kindled, thei-e is but little prospect of another extin- guishment of the raging fire. Dr. Thompson, notwithstanding all tliat has been said against him, has done more good than any other medical man that ever lived; for he set the people to studying for themselves. STIMULANT— In Low Fevers, and After Uterine Hemorrhages. — Mistura Spiritns vini Gal lici.— Best brandy, and cinnamon water, of each, 4 fluid ozs.; the yolks of 2 a^^^^^, well beaten; loaf sugar, i-^ oz. ; oil of cinnamon, 2 drops; mix. Dose.— From i^to 1 (fluid) oz., as often as required. This makes both eat and drink. Of course any other flavoring oil can be used, if preferred, in place of the cinnamon. This mixture is an imitation of the well-known compound termed *' egg-flip." It is an exceedingly valuable stimulant and restorative, Medical Depa7'fment. I2q and is employed in the latter sta-es of low fevers, and in extreme exhaustion from uterine liemorrhages. It may be used in place of the *' ego-nog" spoken of in the treatment of consumption, No. 6. ALTER.4TiyES.— Syrnp, or Blood Purifier.— Honduras sarsi- parilla, 12 ozs ; guaiacum shavings, 6 ozs. ; wintergreen le-.t '4 o/' " sassafras root bark, 4 ozs.; elder flowers, 4 ozs. ; yellow dock 3 o/'' ' bn^kp?!^ 'p?^' ^ r-' '^•^^"^"\'.^'^ '■^^^' ^«^«'' bitteiUweet n.ot 2 ozs.Taii bruised. Place these ingredients in a suitable vessel, and add alcoho 1 pt, with water sufficient to cover handsomelv, set thernira moder- set Tt'^^a^lde^^^nt-f ' "^' ^T '"'^''^ P^^"' ^^" i P* of tl^^'tincLri^^^^ set it aside until you add water to the ingredients and boil to obtain the strength, pour off and add more water and boil a4in then poti'^oranf add''.v\^l? ' '''l f""^' ^^^ addte^uor A? pouiea ott, and add 2^ lbs. crushed or coffee su^ar, and simmer to twn"!.1.P"^'' when cool, bottle and seal up for usl DoSE^-One to tvvo table-spoons according to the age and strengtli of the patient V hour before meals and at bed-time. ^ "^ ^^'^ pauenc, ^ Thi^s, or any other alterative, when given, should be followed up for weeks or months, according to tlie disease for which it is prescrib- ed, as scrofula, and for every disease depending upon an impure condition of the blood. It ought to be used in sore eyes of lon^ standing, old ulcers, salt-rheum, etc. I would not give this for Jayne? Alterative, nor Swain^ Townsend's or Ayer's Sarsaparillas, because I Know It IS good, and we also know what it is made of. c.ce^' Alterative, Very Strongo— Poke, mandrake, vellow dock sassafras, b lie flag, roots, and bark of the roots, guaiac-wS rlsnints' and sweet ek er flowers, of each 4 ozs ; caraway*' seed? roz^^Kse the roots, and put to the whole, alcohol, 1 qt., and water to^cover aU ohovf "''^' ^'' '^^^"^ ^ ""' ^ "^-^'y' i'^ '^ ^^^^-^ placeraTthe las^recine above, making every way the same, except to pour off lot inste fd of 1 pt. as m the 1 rst, of spirit, thei'i boil the 4ater to 1 qt. addino- 1 bs of sugar ^v,th the qt. of spirit tincture. The dose bein- onlv 1 table-spoon 4 times daily, as above. ° ^ ^ But if that amount should make the bowels too loose, reduce the quantity; and if that amount does not act upon the bowels at all, in- crease the dose to keep the bowels solvent. This may be used in the most inveterate diseases of long standing, syphilis not excepted, creaitof tarS 2 L.^^'*l\^''*^^ ^^^t., five ozs.; pScf al?hra mmt'u ^^"^^^r^^ "' crystalizatior.ydrl'd'outt then Kitten } moitar and rub tmely and thoroughly too-ether Dosf — Mix up a few spoons of the powder with molasses- then f4p?^;^ spoon every 3 or 4 hrs. until a free cathartic actfon is W up for 24 o inl^'n^e In'lO^'x^'r ^ -^ on"he%1o?d,*increa^ lOo once ill 10 da} s to get up the cathartic action, as at first This alterative is especially valuable in any disease of the skin, as Itch pimples salt-rheum, and any other eruptions where any outward application is being made, or is about to be made; also valuable in 4. Alterative, Tonic, and Catliarlic Bitters.-Best rye whisky, 126 Dr. Chase's Recipes. and water, of each, 1 qt.; best iinground Peruvian bark, Colombo root, and prickly-ash berries, of each 2 ozs. ; prickly-ash, black cherry, and poplar barks, of eacli, 1 oz. ; poke-root, mandrake-root, and cloves, of each 3^ oz. ; all to be the dry articles, and all to be pulverized be- fore puttino- into tlie spirits; shake every day for a weelc, by which time it will be ready for use. Dose, — One to two table-spoons at mornino^ and evening meals. Although this alterative is mentioned last in- the list, yet it is not least in value. I first made this prescription for my own use, feeling that I needed something of just such a nature, and it worked so ad- mirably that I gave it to others. It has given such entire satisfaction, that I am now, at the tenth edition, giving it a place to do a greater good than if kept from the world. If, in any case, it causes any griping sensations, or too great action upon the bowels, lessen the dose, and if neither of these actions is felt, increase the dose, or take it three times daily. I think any of the fruit wines will do in place of the spirits and water, by adding alcohol, one- half pint. It will be found very valuable in all cases of weakness from gen- eral debility, and especially so when the liver is inactive, known by constant cositiveness. After using out the spirits, it may be filled again in the same way. It will be found very valuable in ague, and after all fevers, preventing relapse, and strengthening up the general system. DIUStETICS.— Pill, Brops, Decoction, etc.— Solidified copaiba, 2 parts ; alcoholic extract of cubebs, 1 part \ formed into pills with a little oil of juniper. Dose. — One or two pills 3 or 4 times daily. Druggists can obtain them of Tilden & Co., New York. This pill has been found very valuable in affections of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra, as inflammation from gravel, gonorrhea, gleet, whites, leucorrliea, common infiammations, etc. For giving them a sugar coat, see that heading, if desired. 2. Diuretic Drops. — Oil of cubebs, '% oz.; sweet spirits of nitre, 3^ oz.; balsam copaiba, 1 oz.; Harlem oil, 1 bottle; oil of lavender, 20 drops; spirits of turpentine, 20 drops; mix. Dose. — Ten to 25 drops, as the stomach will bear, 3 times daily. It may be used in any of the above diseases with great satisfaction. 3. Diuretic Decoction. — Queen of the meadow, dwarf-elder, yellow dock and poke-roots, of each 1 oz.; dandelion, burdock, Ameri- can Sarsaparilla, and blue flag roots, of each 3^ oz. ; grind or pound all up, and thoroughly mix. Dose. — Take up a pinch with the ends of the fingers and thimib of one hand, say ^ to 3^ oz. and pour upon it 1 pt. of boiling water, steeping a while; when cool, take a swallow or two sufficiently often to use up the pint in the course of the day. Follow this plan two or three days, or as may be necessary, re- suming the course once in ten or twelve days. It may be used in all obsti'uctions of the kidneys, where the urine is high colored or scanty. 4. Diuretic Tincture. — Green or growing spearmint, mashed, put into a bottle and covered with gin, is an excellent diuretic. Medical Department. 127 5. Diuretic for Children.— Spirits of nitre— a few drops in a little spearmint tea — is all sufficient. For very young cliildren, pump- kin seed, or watermelon seed tea is perliaps tlie best. DjftOPSY.— Syrup and PillSo— Queen of tlie meadow root, dwarf- elder flowei's, berries, or inner barli, juniper berries, horse-radisli root, pod milkweed or silkweed, often called, root of each, 4 ozs. ; prickly-ash bark or berries, mandrake-root, bitter-sweet, bark of the root, of each 2 ozs. ; white mustard, 1 oz. ; Holland gin, 1 pt. Pour boiling water upon all, except the gin, and keep hot for 13 hours; then boil and pour off twice, and boil down to three quarts and strain, adding three pounds of sugar, and lastly gin. Dose. — Take all the stomach will bear, four times daily, say a wine-glass or more. This will be used in connection with the following : 2. Dropsy Pills. — Jalap, 50 grs. ; gamboge, 30 grs. ; podophyllin, 20 grs. ; elaterium, 12 grs.; aloes, 80 grs.; cayenne, 35 grs.; Castile soap, shaved, dried and pulverized, 20 grs.* croton oil, 90 drops; pow- der all tinely, and mix thoroughly ; then form into pill mass by using a thick mucilage made of equal parts of gum arable and tragacanth, and divide into 3 gr. pills. Dose. — One pill every 2 days for the first week, then every 3 or 4 days until the water is evacuated by the com- bined aid of the pill with the above syrup. In this disease the work must be very thorough, and I am inclined to think that if our directions are followed, that whoever find them- selves under the operations of the medicine will consider the work to be about as thorough as we expect. Some sickness of the stomach may be expected under the operation of the pill, but never mind it ; go ahead and four or five days will satisfy most persons of the value of the treatment ; for you may expect to see the greatest evacu- ations, front and rear, that you have ever witnessed. If the patient should become weak and exhausted under the continued treatment, slack up a little and throw in beef tea, wine, etc., with rich, nourish- ing diet, and no danger need be apprehended. The above will be found very valuable in bilious colic, and other cases hard to operate upon. They have oi)erated in fifteen minutes, but not usually so quick, of course; but it will generally be found best not to venture over one pill at a dose; two have been taken, however, but they made a scattering among the waste paper, causing fourteen evacuations, having to call for the second " chamber " the first fire. Some have called them the '* Irish Pill," from their resemblance to the Irish girl with her brush and scrub-broom. They make clean work. IREITATING PLASTER— Extensively Used by Eclectics.— Tar, 1 lb ; Burgundy pitch, K oz. ; white pine turpentine, loz.; resin, 2 ozs. Boil the tar, resin, and gum together a short time, remove from the fire, and stir in finely pulverized mandrake root, blood root, poke root, and Indian turnip, of each 1 oz. This plaster is used extensively in all cases where counter irrita- tion or revulsives are indicated ; as in chronic affections of the liver ^nd lungs, or diseased joints, etc. It is applied by spreading it on 128 Dr, Chase's Recipes, cloth and over the seat of pain, renewhig it every day, wiping off any matter which may be on it, and also wiping the sore produced by it with a dry clotli, until relief is obtained, or as long as the patient can bear it. Always avoid wetting the sore, as it will cause inllammation and you will be obliged to heal it up immediately^ instead of which the design is to keep a running sore as long as may be necessary, using at the same time constitutional remedies as the case may require. INFLAMMATION— Of the Liyer.— Inllammation of the liver, or as it is generally called "Liver complaint,'' is of two forms, acute and chronic. The acute form is l^nown by a sense of weight and pain in the right side, under the short ribs, and often in that shoulder, or between tlie shoulders, pale or yellow appearance, often great depression of spirits, not much appetite, costiveness, high colored urine, etc., and often with fever, and sometimes with pain similar to that of pleuris}', difficult breathing, dry cough, and sometimes sickness, with vomiting. In the chronic, or long standing complaint, in addition to the above, there is generally flatulence, with pain in the stomach, foul breath and mouth, coated tongue, indigestion, eyes yellow, stools clay colored, with great weakness and slow emaciation, frequently going on to ulceration, giving symptoms as mentioned under the head of "Ointment for Ulcerated Liver," etc. In the acute form j'ou will pursue the same course as mentioned under the head of *' Pleurisy," besides taking either of the Liver Pills or Liver Drops mentioned below, in full cathartic doses until relieved; but in tlie chronic form, the Pills, in connection with the "Ointment," or " Irritating Plaster," will be found all sufficient, unless Jaundice has alredy set in; then look to the directions under that disease. 2. Eclectic Liver Pill.— Podophyllin, 10 grs. ; leptandrin, 20 grs. ; sanguinarin,* lOgrs. ; extract of dandelion, 20 grs.; formed into 20 pills, by being laoistened a little with some essential oil, as cinnamon or peppermint, etc. Dose. — In chronic diseases of the liver, take 1 pill at night for several days, or 2 may be taken at first to move the bowels; then 1 daily. In connection with the pill, wear the "Irritating Plaster," over the region of the liver, washing the whole body daily, by means of towels, and rubbing dry, being careful not to wet the sore caused by the plaster; as an active cathartic from two to three pills may be taken in all cases where calomel or blue. pill are considered applicable by *' Old School Physicians." 3. Liver Pill Improved. — Leptandrin, 40 grs.; podophyllin and cayenne, 30 grs. each; sanguinarin, iridin, and ipecac, 15 grs. each; see that all are pulverized and well mixed; then form into pill ♦Note.— These articles are kept by Eclectic Physicians, and are begiuniug to be kept by Druggists generally. Medical Department. 129 mass by using % dr. of the soft extract of mandrake and a few drops of anise oil, then roll out into 3 grain pills. Dose. — Two pills taken at bed time will generally operate by morning; but there are those that will require three, whilst one pill every night on retiring will be found the best corrective of the liver of anything now in use, for common cases; but in very bad cases where the pill does not arouse the liver to action, take the following : 4. Liver Pills for Obstinate Cases.— Tinctures of mandrake and blue flag roots, of each 1 oz. ; and of culvers root, 2 ozs. Dose. — For adults, 1 tea-spoon every 3 to 5 hours, increasing the dose gradu- ally until you reach two or three tea-spoons, if the mouth does not become sore and the stomach not sickened nor the bowels moved too freely. These drops are especially applicable in liver and spleen enlarge- ments, and cases of very longstanding disease of these organs; and in such cases it may be well to use externally, over the liver and spleen, especially if there is believed to be ulceration, the following : 5. Ointment for Ulcerated Liver, Ague Cake, etc.— Take a good handful of smartweed, wormwood, and the bark of sumac root; boil all together to get the strength, then strain and boil down care- fully to about 1^ pV., adding lard ^ lb., and simmering together ; when nearly cool add a tea-spoon of spirits of turpentine. Apply at night, bj^ rubbing it over the liver or other organ which may have pain or disease located upon it, heating it well by the stove or by a heated iron, putting it on, rubbing, and heating it in three or four times each application. I obtained this prescription from the Rev. Mr. Fraser, of this city, whose nephew was so afflicted with ulceration of the liver that a council of Doctors said he must die ; the pain was situated just under the short ribs of the right side, completely bowing him together, like the one of old who could " in no wise lift up herself." He had had a sister, who died some years before; but at this juncture of the case the invalid dreamed of meeting her, and she gave him this pre- scription, which he told his mother in the morning; and she would not rest until it was tried and it entirely cured the patient. The Elder tells me he has given it to a great many persons, for pains of internal organs, ague cakes, etc., and that it has given great satisfaction — a perfect cure. The two first named articles I know to be good for what they are here recommended, but they are generally used bj'^ boil- ing and laying the herbs over the affected parts, or by steaming the parts over the herbs. I see no reason why spirits from the other world should not be permitted to communicate with the spirits of friends here; but that they are so permitted, to communicate in such away as to be understood by us frail mortals, I never did, nor do I now believe, neither do I believe this to be X\\q, first dream of this character which has proved valuable. There are many things of a similar character 130 Dr. Chase's Recipes, ill the history of a number of individuals in the range of my acquain- tance, more singular and unaccountable than the above, which would be very interesting to relate, but the nature of this work does not admit. If this shall benefit any, I shall be satisfied. PILLS.— Ner von s Pill. — Alcoholic extract of the Ignatia Amara, (St Ignatius bean) 30 grs ; powdered gum arable, 10 grs. Make into 40 pills. Dose. — One pill to be taken an hour after breakfast, and one and hour before retiring at night. Half a pill is enough for young, or very old or very delicate persons. The pills may be easily cut if laid on a damp cloth for a few moments. These pills will be found applicable in bad dyspepsia, nervous headache, sleeplessness, palpitation of the heart, confusion of thought, determination of blood to the head, failure of memorj^, and all other forms of general nervous debility, no matter of how long standing. When a prominent advantage is discovered in two weelts from the commencement of the medicine, one a day will suffice until all are taken. The extract is made by pulverizing the seed or beau, and putting it into alcohol from ten to fourteen days, then evaporating to the consistence for working into pill mass with the powdered gum. Tliis is the prescription of the Rev. John M. Dagnal, the "Retired Physician," brought out in 1854, and to ni}'- attention, and that of the medical class, by Professor Palmer, in the University of Michigan, in the winter of '5G-7. He said when this prescription first came out he was practicing in Chicago, and many persons sent for the pills, and derived much benefit from their use at first, but soon after they seemed to lose their efficacy, and he presumed the reason to be that the demand was so great that something else was substituted in place of the extract.This being the case, drug- gists ought to prepare the extract themselves, so as to furnish patients with the genuine article for home use. It is undoubtedly a splendid prescription, if put up with fidelity. Pills. — To Sugar Coat. — Pills to be sugar-coated must be very drj^, otherwise they will shrink away from the coating and leave it a shell, easily crushed off". When they are dry, you will- Take starch, gum arable, and white sugar, equal parts, rubbing them very fine in a marble mortar, and if damp, they must be dried before rubbing together; then put the powder into a suitable pan, or box, for shaking; now put a few pills into a small tin box having a cover, and pour on to them just a little simple syrup, shaking well to moisten the surface only, then throw into the box of powder and keep i)i motion until completely coated, dry, and smooth. If you are not very careful you will get too much syrup upon the pills; if you do, put in more, and be quick about it, to prevent moist- ening the pill too much, getting them into the powder as soon as possible. Medical Department, 131 3. Anodyne Pills. — Morphine, 9 grs. ; extract of stramonium and hyosciamus, of each, ]8 grs. ; form into pill-mass hy usino^ solution of gum arable and tragacanth, quite thick. Divide into 40 pills. Dose. — In case of severe pain or nervousness, 1 pill taken at bed-time will be found to give a quiet night of rest. The advantage of this pill over those depending entirely upon opium or morphine for their anodyne properties, is that they may be taken without fear of constipation. CROUP.— Simple, but Effectual Remedy.— This disease is attended by inflammation of the windpipe, spasms of the muscles of the throat, occasioning a peculiar sound, hard to be described, but when once heard by a mother, never to be forgotten ; cough, difficult respiration, and fever. The phlegm or mucus often lilling or verj'- much obstructing the throat, and finally forming a false membrane which cuts off all possibility of breathing. The first thing to be done is to get hot water ready as soon as possible, having always on hand a bottle of emetic tincture, composed of equal parts of the tinctures of lobelia and blood-root. Dose. — According to the age of the cliild : if 2 yeais old, about 1 tea-spoon every 10 to 15 minutes until free vomiting takes place ; if 5 years old, 2 tea-spoons, and increasing in proportion to age to 1 table-spoon for a child of ten years — decieasing for very young children, say of 4 to 8 months, only 8 to 12 drops. Place the feet as soon as possible into hot water, and keep them there until vomiting takes place, laying cloths wrung out of hot water upon the breast and throat, changing sufliciently often to keep them hot. The next morning give sufficient: of the "Vegetable Physic" to move the bowels rather freely. The emetic tincture should be given in some warm tea. Repeat the emetic as often as the returning symptoms demand it, which usually occurs the following night, repeating the cathartic every second or third day, and I will guarantee success if commenced in any kind of reasonable time ; but usually no repetition will be needed if parents keep the preparation in the house so as to begin with the beginning of the disease. 2, Dutch Remedy, — Goose oil, and urine, equal quantities. Dose. — From a table-spoon of the mixture, according to the age of the child. Repeat the dose every 15 minutes, if the first does not vomit in that time. This remedy will be found valuable in mild cases, and where the first is not at hand; and I know it to have saved a child when one of their best doctors said it must die; but bear in mind he had not used our first prescription; yet an old Dutch woman came in Vit thQ eleventh hour, from the next-door neighbor's wash-tub, and raised the child with what she called "p — s and goose grease.-' I have used it with success, 3. Croup Ointment. — Take mutton suet and nice lard, of each }4 lb.; spermaceti tallow, 1^ oz. ; melt them together and add 1^ pt. of the best vinegar, and simmer until the vinegar is nearly evaporated, skimming well, and constantly stirring, until it begins to granulate ; 132 Dr. Chasers Recipes. then add oils of amber and spruce, and pulverized sugar of lead, of each, 3^ oz. ; now remove from the fire, and stir until cool. Dose. — For a cliild of 2 j^ears old give from 3^ to 1 tea-spoon every half-hour until relief is obtained, or vomiting takes place ; at the same time nibbing upon the chest, and over the throat and lungs, freely. Dr. , of Finley, O., says, from his experience, he knows it will cure as often as quinine will break up the ague. HYDROPHOBIA AND SNAKE BITES.— To Prevent and Cnre.— A. Hubbard, of Boone county, 111., in a letter to the St. Louis Repub- lican^ says : " Eighteen years ago my brother and myself were bitten by a mad dog. A sheep was also bitten at the same time. Among the many cures offered for the little boys (we were then ten or twelve yeaFS old), a friend suggested the following, which he said would cure the bite of a rattlesnake : " Take the root of common upland ash, commonly called black ash, peel off the bark, boil it to a strong decoction, and of this drink freely. Whilst my father was preparing the above, the sheep spoken of began to be afflicted with hydrophobia. When it had become so fatigued from its disti'acted siate as to be no longer able to stand, my father drenclied it with a pint of the ash-root ooze, hoping to ascertain whether he could depend upon it as a cure for his sons. Four hours after the drench had been given, to the astonishment of all, the animal got up and went quietly with the flock to graze. My brother and myself continued to take the medicine for 8 or 10 days, 1 gill 3 times daily. No effects of the dread poison were ever discovered on either of us. It has been used very successfully in snake bites, to my knowledge. There is no doubt in the author's mind but what this gentleman has made a mistake in the kind of ash meant, as the upland ash is a white ash, from which flooring is made, having a thick, rough outside bark, whilst the black has a smooth bark, and grows in low, wet land, and is the same from which the flour-barrel hoop is extensively manufactured. It is the upland white ash that is to be used. It is known, as he says, to cure rattlesnake bites, and a gentleman of this place has tried it with success in rheumatism, boiled very strong and taken in half-gill doses. May vomit and purge if taken too freely. Yet a moderate action, either up or down, will not be amiss. I have cured a case of rheumatism, in a boy twelve or fourteen years of age, with the above, since it came to my knowledge. 2. Saxon Remedy, — Gastell, a Saxon forester, now of the ven- erable age of eighty-two, unwilling to take to the grave with him a secret of so much importance, has made public in the Leipsic Journal the means which he has used fifty years, and wherewith he affirms he has rescued many human beings and cattle from the fearful death of hydrophobia. Take immediately after the bite, wnrm vinegar or tepid water, wash the wound clean therewith, and dry it ; then pour upon the wound a few drops of hydrochloric acid, because mineral acids destroy the poison of the saliva. Medical Department. 133 3. Grecian History. — Eat the green shoots of asparagus, raw ; sleep and perspiration will be induced, and the disease can be thus cured in any stage of canine madness. A writer in the Providence Journal says a man in Athens, Greece, was cured of hydrophobia by this remedy, even after the paroxysms had commenced. 4. Quaker Remedy.— Fifty Years Successful.— Jacob Ely, a good old honest Quaker merchant, of Lloydsville, O., gave me the following plan which his father had used since 1806 with success, to his knowledge, both on persons and domestic animals; and the New York Tribune has recently published something of the same character. The dried root of elecampene, pulverize it and measure out 9 heaping table-spoons, and mix it with 2 or 3 tea-spoons of pulverized gum arable; then divide into 9 equal portions. When a person is bitten by a rabid animal, take one of these i)ortions and steep it in 1 pt. of new milk, until nenrly half the quantity of milk is evaporated; then strain, and drink it in the morning, fasting for 4 or 5 hours aftc!-. The same dose is to be repeated 3 mornings in succession, then skip 3, and so on until the 9 doses are taken. The patient must avoid getting wet, or the heat of the sun, and abstain from high seasoned diet, or hard exercise, and, if costive, take a dose of salts. The above quantity is for an adult— children will take less, according to age. The Tribune\'i publication is as follows: 5. Tribune's Cure for Hydrophobia. — The following was sent to the N, Y. Tribune, by J. W. Woolston, of Philadelphia: " Recipe. — First dose, 1 oz. of elecampane root, boiled in 1 pt. of milk until reduced to 3^ pt. Second dose, (to be taken two days after the lirst,) 13^ ozs. of elecampane root boiled in 1 pt. of milk, same as the first. Third dose, same as the second, (to be taken two days after,) — in all, three doses. If there is any virtue in the elecampane at all, the preference, of course, is to be given to the Quaker's plan, which gives nine instead of three doses. But it substantiates Mr. Ely's plan, as it comes from the place of his father's former residence. Consequently it would seem to strengthen confidence in the first. 6. Snake Bites. — In case of being bitten by any of the poisonous snakes, the best plan is to wash off the place immediately, then if the position of the wound is such that you can get the mouth to the spot, suck out all the poison in that way, or if any other pei-son is i)resent whose mouth is not sore, no danger need be apprehendetl. For all the poison may be upon the outside, and washed off, yet most likely penetrates more or less into the wound, if a snake bite, as the arrangement of their teeth is such that the poison comes out near the point and when in the wound; thus you see the propriety of sucking it out. Or : 7. Spirits of ammonia, a small vial of it, can be carried in the pocket, and if bitten, sharpen a little piece of wood to a i>oint, dipping this stick into the ammonia, and then penetrating the wouncl with it. A piece of lunar caustic can be carried in the pocket, and sharpened, if needed, and used the same as the stick and ammonia— and one of 134 Dr, Chase's Recipes. the celebrated English farriers has reported that this caustic, used freely on the bite of the ma in soft water, 1 pt., straining out from the tobacco and boiling down to 1 gill; then have melted lard, resin, and bees- wax, of each, 3^ oz., simmering to a thick salve, then stirring in 1 gill of old rum, and if necessary, continuing the simmering a little longer. To be used as other salves. 9. Oiutnient. — Sweet clover (grown in gardens), stewed in lard; then add bees wax and white pine turpentine, equal parts, to form an ointment, is highly recommended. 10. Salve for Fever hiores. Cuts, Etc. — Spirits of turpentine and honey, of each, Vo pt., simmered over a slow fire until they unite by stirring; then set~aside to cool until you can put in the yolk of an egg without its being cooked by the heat; stir it in and return it to the fire, adding camphor gum,'^ oz., simmer and stir until well mixed. By putting in the a^g when cool, it combines with the other, but if put in while the salve is hot, it cooks, but does not combine. This is very highly recommended, as above indicated. 11. William Howell, a farmer living about six miles from Jack- son, Michigan, says he had a fever sore on his shin for twenty years, sometimes la3'ing him up for months, and at one time preparations were made to cut off the limb, but an old man, in New Jersey, told him to: Scrape a fresh turnip and apply it every 4 hours, night and day, until healed, which cured him. And he feels assured, from using it in other cases, that all will be pleased with it who have any occasion for its use. Applj^ it oftener if it becomes too offciusive. SALVES. — (jJrcen Mountain Salve. — Resin, 5 lbs. ; Burgundy pitch, bees-wax, and mutton tallow, of each, ],^ lb.; oil of hemlock, balsam of fir, oil of origanum, oil of red cedar, and Venice turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; oil of wormwood, ^ oz. ; verdigris, very finely pulver- ized, 1 oz. ; melt the first articles together and add the oils, having rubbed the verdigris up with a little of the oils, and put it in with the Medical Department. 141 other articles, stirring well ; then pour into cold water and work as wax until cool enough to roll. This salve has no equal for rheumatic pains, or weakness in the side, back, shoulders, or any place where pain may locate itself. Where the skin is broken, as in ulcers, and bruises, I use it without the verdi- gris, making a white salve, even superior to "Peleg White's Old Salve." It is valuable in Dyspepsia, to put a plaster of the green salve over the stomach, and wear it as long as it will stay on, upon the back also, or any place where pain or weakness may locate. In cuts, bruises, abra- sions, etc , spread the white salve upon cloth and apply it as a sticking plaster until well ; for rheumatism or weakness, spread the green salve upon soft leather and apply, letting it remain on as long as it will stay. For corns, spread the green salve upon cloth and put upon the corn, letting it remain until cured. It has cured them. A gentleman near Lancaster, Ohio, obtained one of my books having this recipe in it, and one year afterwards he told me he had sold over four thousand rolls of the salve, curing an old lady of rheumatism in six weeks, who had been confined to her bed for seven weeks, cover- ing all the large joints with the salve, without other treatment. For rolling out salves, see the cut on page 142. 2. Conklin's Celebrated Salve.— Resin, 4 lbs.; bees-wax, Bur- gundy pitch, white pine turpentine, and mutton tallow, each, ^ lb. ; camphor gum and balsam of fir, of each, ^ oz.; sweet oil, 3^ oz.; and alcohol, % pt. Melt, mix, roll out, and use as other salves. Wonders have been done with it. 3. Balm of Gilead Salve.— Mutton tallo .v, 3^ lb. ; balm of gilead buds, 3 ozs. ; white pine gum, 1 oz.; red precipitate, % oz.; hard soap, ^^ oz. ; white sugar, 1 table-spoon. Stew the buds in the tallow until the strength is obtained, and press out or strain, scrape the soap and add it with the other articles to the tallow, using sutficient unsalted butter or sweet oil to bring it to a proper consistence to spread easily upon cloth. When nearly cool, stir in the red precipitate, mixing thoroughly. This may be more appropriately called an ointment. It is used for cuts, scalds, bruises, etc., and for burns, by spreading very thin — if sores get proud flesh in them, sprinkle a little burned alum on the salve before applying it. It has been in use in this country about forty years, with the greatest success. 4. Adhesive Plaster, or Salve, for Deep Wounds, Cuts, etc., in Place of Stitches. — White resin, 7 ozs. ; bees-wax and mutton tallow, of each, % oz. ; melt all too^ether, then pour into cold water and work as wax until thoroughly mixed, then roll out into suitable sticks for use. It may be spread upon firm cloth and cut into narrow strips. In case of deep wounds, or cuts, it will be found to firmly hold them together, by first pressing one end of a strip upon one side of the wound until it adheres, then draw the edges of the wound closely together, and press down the other end of the strip until it adheres 142 Dr. Chasers Recipes, also. The strips should reach three or four inclies upon each side of the cut, and run in different directions across each other, to draw every part of the wound firmly in contact. It will crack easily after being spread until applied to the warm flesh, yet if made any softer it can not be depended upon for any length of time, but as it is, it has been, worn as a strenf^thenin^ plaster, and remained on over a year. 5. Pele^ White's Old Salve. — This formerly celebrated salve was composed of only three very simple articles. Our "Green Moun- tain Salve" is far ahead of it, yet for the satisfaction of its old friends I give you its composition: Resin, 3 lbs.; mutton tallow and bees-wax, of each, i^ lb. ; melted together and poured into cold water, then pulled, and worked as shoemakers' wax. It was recommended for old sores, cuts, rheumatic plasters, etc., etc. Apparatus for Making Salves autl Lozenges. The above cut represents a board prepared with strips upon it ot the desired thickness for the diameter of the rolls of salve, tilso apiece of board with a handle, with which to roll the salve when properly cooled for that purpose. The salve is laid between the strips, which are generally one inch thick, then, with the handle piece, roll it until that board comes down upon the strips, which makes the rolls all of one size; use a little tallow to prevent sticking to the boards or hands; then cut off the desired length, and put a label upon them, to prevent them sticking to each other. A roller and tin cutter are also represented in the same cut, with which, and another board, having thin strips upon it to correspond with thickness of lozenges required, you can roll the mass down until the roller touches the strips; and thus you can get them, as well as the salve, of uniform thickness; then cut out with the cutter, laying them upon paper until (\Yy. VERMIFUGES.— Santonin Lozenges.— Santonin, 60 grs. ; pulver- ized sugar, 5 ozs. ; mucilage of gum tragacanth sufficient to make into a thick paste, worked carefully together, that the santonin shall be evenly mixed throughout the whole mass, then if not in too great a Medical Department, 143 hurry, cover up the mortar in which you have rubbed them, and let stand from 12 to 24 hours to temper; at which time they will roll out better than if done immediately; divide into 120 lozenges. See appar- atus, on preceding page, for rolling and cutting out. Dose. — For a child 1 year old, 1 lozenge, night and morning; of 3 years, 2 lozenges; of 4 years, 3; of 8 years, 4; of 10 years or more, 5 to 7 lozenges; in all cases to be taken twice daily, and continuing until the worms start on a voyage of discovery. A gentleman came into the drug store one morning, with the remark, "Do you know what your lozenges have been doing ? " As though they had killed some one, the answer was, no, is there any- thing wrong; he held up both hands together, scoop shovel style, say- ing, " They fetched away the worms by the double handful.'' It is needless to attempt to give the symptoms by which the presence of worms might be distinguished; for the symptoms of nearly every other disease is, sometimes, manifested by their presence. But if the belly be quite hard and unusually large, with a peculiar and disagree- able breath in the morning, foul or furred tongue, upper lip swollen, itching of the nose and anus, milky white urine, bowels sometimes obstinately costive, then as obstinately loose, with a craving appetite, then loathing food at times; rest assured that worm medicine will not be amiss, whether the person be child or adult. It would be well to take a mild cathartic after four to six days use of the lozenges, unless the worms have passed off sufficiently free before that time, to show their general destruction. Very high praise has also been given to the following: 2. Vermifuge Oil— Prof. Freeman's.— In the May number of the Eclectic Medical Journal of. Cincinnati, Ohio, I tind so valuable a vermifuge from Prof. Z. Freeman, that I must be excused for its Insertion, as the articles can always be obtained, whilst in some places you might not be able to get the santonin called for in the lozenges. His remarks following the recipe will make all needed explanations, and give confidence in the treatment. The explanations in brackets are my own, according to the custom through the whole work. "Take oil of chenopodii, % ^z. (oil of w^orm-seed,) ; oil of tere- binth, 2 drs. (oil of turpentine,); oil of ricini, 13^ ozs. (castor oil,); fluid extract of spigelia, 3^ oz. (pink,); hydrastin, 10 grs.; syrup of menth. pip., 3^ oz. (syrup of peppermint.) Dose. — To a child of 10 years of age, a tea-spoon 3 times a day, 1 hour before each meal ; if it purges too freely, give it less often. *' This is an excellent vermifuge, tonic, and cathartic, and has never failed (as well as I can judge,) to eradicate worms, if any were present, when administered for that purpose. I have given no other vermifuge for the last five years, and often one tea-spoon has brought away from three to twenty of the lumbrica. Only a few days ago I prescribed one fluid drachm of it, (about one tea-spoon,) and caused 144 ^^' Chase's Recipes. the expulsion of sixty lumbricoids, and one fluid drachm, taking a few days afterwards, by the same child, brought away forty more, some of them six inches in length. Where no worms are present, it answers the purpose of a tonic, correcting the condition of the mucus mem- brane of the stomach and bowels, improving the appetite and diges- tion, and operating as a mild cathartic." 3. Worm Tea. — Carolina pinli-root, senna leaf, manna, and American worm-seed, of each, % oz.; bruise and pour on boiling water, 1 pt., and steep without boiling. 8weeten well, add lialf as much milk. Dose. — A child of five years, may take 1 gill 3 times daily, before meals, or sufficient to move the bowels rather freely. If this does not carry off any worms, wait one day and repeat the operation ; but if the bowels do not move by the first day's work, in- crease the dose and continue to give it until that end is attained before stopping the medicine. This plan will be found an improvement upon the old where the lozenges or oil cannot be obtained, as above. 4. Worm Cake. — English Remedy, — Wlieat flour and jalap, of each, 3^ lb.; calomel, grain-tin, and ginger, of each, 1 oz. Mix thoroughly and wet up as dough, to a proper consistence to roll out; then roll out as lozenge cakes, to three-sixteenths of an inch in thick- ness; then cut out y^ inch square and dry them. Dose. — For a child from 1 to 2 years, % of a cake; 4 to 5 years, 1 cake; from 5 to 7 years, \}i cakes; from 7 to 10, li<; from 10 to 12, \%\ from 12 to'l4, 2; from 14 to 17, 2)4; ; from 17 to 20 years, and all above that age, Vy^ cakes, but all men above that age, 3 cakes. •' Children may cat them, or they can be shaved off very flne and mixed in a little treacle, honey or preserves. If after taking the first dose they do not work as you desire, increase the dose a little. The patient to take tlie medicine twice a week — Sundays and Wednesdays. To be taken in the morning, fasting, and to be worked off with a little warm tea, water gruel, or warm broth. K. B. — Milk must not be used in working them off, and be careful of catching cold, — Snodin^ Printer^ Oakha7n^ Engy I obtained the above of an English family who prized it very highly as a cathartic for common purposes, as well as for worms. And all who are willing to take calomel., I have no doubt will be pleased M'ith its operations. TAPE WORM.— Simple, but Effectual Remedy.— This, very an- nojing and distressing, worm has been removed by taking two ounce doses of common pumpkin-seeds, pulverized, and repeated every four or five hours, for four or live days, spiiits of turpentine, also in doses of one-lialf to two ounces, with castor oil, have proved very effectual, the root of the male fern, valerian, bark of the pomegranate root, etc., have been used with success. But my chief object in speaking upon this subject, is to give the successes of Drs. Beach, of New York, and Dowler, of Beardstown, 111., from their singularity and perfect eradi- cation of the worm, in both cases : The first is from "Beach's Ameri- Medical Department. 14^ can Practice, and Family Physician," a large work, of three volumes, costhig Twenty Dollars, consequently not generally circulated ; whilst the latter is taken from tlie " Eclectic Medical and College Journal," of Cincinnati, and therefore only taken by physicians of that school. The last was first published by the "New Orleans Medical and Sur- gical Journal." First then, Dr. Beach says: *'The symptoms of a tape- worm, as related to me by Miss Dumou- line, who had suffered with it for twenty-five years, are in substance as follows: It commenced at the age often, and afflicted her to the age of thirty-five. The worm often made her distressinglj?- sick at the stomach; she would sometimes vomit blood and be taken suddenly ill, and occasionally while walking. It caused symptoms of many other diseases, great wasting of the flesh, etc. Her appetite was very ca- pricious, being at times good, and then poor for months, during which time her symptoms were much aggravated ; sickness, vomiting, great pain in the chest, stomach and side, motion in the stomach, and also in the bowels, with pain, a sense of fullness or swelling, and beating or throbbing in the same, dizziness, heaviness of the eyes: — and she was altogether so miserable that she feared it would destroy her. When she laced or wore anything tight, it pioduced great distress. The worm appeared to rise up in her throat and sicken her. Her general health was very bad. At intervals, generally some time after taking medicine, pieces of the worm would pass from the bowels, — often as many as forty during the day, all alive, and would swim in water. "Treatment. — Miss Dnmouline stated that she had employed twenty physicians, at different periods, and taken a hundred different kinds of medicine without expelling the worm. She had talmg permanerU, disease of the lungs. But notwithstanding the known value of this "Cough Tincture,'* where the tamarack and other ingredients can be obtained, I must give my preference to the "Cough Syrup," No. 7. 9, Cough Pill. — Extract of hyoscyamus, balm of gilead buds, with pulverized ipecac, or lobelia, and balsam of tir, of each, \ oz. ; oil of anise, a few drops, to form into common sized pills. Dose. — One or two pills 3 or 4 times daily. Dr. Beach says he endeavored for more than twenty-five years to obtain a medicine to fulfill the indications which are effected in this cough pill, particularly for ordinary colds and coughs ; and this admirably answers the intention, excelling all others. It allays the irritation of the mucous membrane, the bronchial tubes, and the lungs, and will be found exceedingly valuable in deep-seated coughs and all diseases of the chest. The bad effects of opium (so much used in coughs) are in this pill entirely obviated, and it is altogether better than the Cough Drops, which I now dispense ^y'lth..— Beach's American Practice. WHOOPING COUGH.— Syrup.— Onions and garlics, sliced, of eacli, 1 gill; sweet oil, 1 gill; stew them in the oil, in a covered dish, to obtain the juices; then strain and add honey, 1 gill; paregoric and spirits of camphoi-, of each, % oz. ; bottle and cork tight for use. Dose. — For a child of 2 or 3 years, 1 tea-spoon 3 or 4 times daily, or whenever the cough is troublesome, increasing or lessening, according to age. This is a grannj^'s prescription, but I care not from what source I derive information, if it gives the satisfaction which this has done, upon experiment. This lady has raised a large family of her own children, and grand-children in abundance. We have tried it with three of our children also, and prescribed it in many other cases with satisfaction, for over seven years. It is excellent also in common 150 Dr. Chase's Recipes. colds attended with much cough. This is from experience, too, which I have found a veiy competent teacher. It is said that a European physician has discovered that the dan- gerous symptoms of whooping cough are due to suppressed cutaneous eruptions, and that an external irritant, or artificial rash, is a sure remedy. See " Small Pox." 2. Dailey^s TVhoopiiig Cough Synip.— Take the strongest West India rum, 1 pt. ; anise oil, 2 ozs ; honey, 1 pt. ; lemon juice, 4 ozs. ; mix. Dose. — For adults, 1 table-spoon 3 or 4 times a day, — children, 1 tea-spoon, with as much sugar and water. He says that he has successfully treated more than one hundred cases with this syrup. 3. Soreness or Hoarseness from Coughs. — Remedy. — Spikenard root, bruised and steeped in a tea-pot, by using half water and half spirits; then inhaling the steam, when not too hot, by breathing through the spout, will relieve the soreness and hoarseness of the lungs, or throat, arising from much coughing, IN-GROWING TOE NAIL.— To Cure.— We take the following remedy for a very common and very painful affliction, from the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal : "The patient on whom I first tried this plan was a young lady who had been unable to put on a shoe for several months, and decid- edly the worst I have ever seen. The edge of the nail was deeply undermined, the granulations formed a high ridge, partly covered with the skin; and pus constantly oozed from the root of the nail. The whole toe was swollen and extremely painful and tender. My mode of proceeding was this: *' I put a very small piece of tallow in a spoon, and heated it until it became very hot, and poured it on the granulations. Theeltect was almost magical. Pain^and tenderness were at once relieved, and in a few days tlie granulations were all gone, the diseased parts dry and destitute of all feeling, and the edge of the nail exposed so as to admit of being pared away without any inconvenience. The cure was complete, and the trouble never returned. " I have tried the plan repeatedly since, with the same satisfac- tory resultsv The operation causes but little pain, if the tallow id properly heated. A repetition in some cases niiglit be necessary, although I have never met with a case that did not yield to one appli- cation." It has now been proven, in many other cases, to be effectual, accomplishing in one minute, without pain, all that can be effected by tlie painful application of nitrate of silver for several weeks. OILS. — British Oil. — Linseed and turpentine oils, of each, 8 ozs.; oils of amber and juniper, of each, 4 ozs. ; Barbadoes tar, 8 ozs.; sen- eca oil, 1 oz. Mix. This is an old prescription, but it is worth the whole cost of this book to any one needing an application for cuts, bruises, swellings, Medical Department 151 and sores of almost every description, on persons, horses, or cattle ; so is the following", iilso: 2. Balm of Crilead Oil. — Balm of Gilead buds, any quantity; place them in a suitable dish for stewing, and pour upon them suffi- cient sweet oil to just cover them; stew thoroughly, and press out all the oil from the buds, and bottle for use. It will be found very valuable as a healing oil, or lard can be used in place of the oil, making an excellent ointment for cuts, bruises, etc. 3. Harlem Oil, or Welsh Medicameiitum.— Sublimed or flowers of sulphur and oil of amber, of each, 2 ozs.; linseed oil, 1 lb.; spirits of turpentine, sufficient to reduce all to the consistence of thin mo- lasses. Boil the .sulphur in the linseed oil until it is dissolved, then add the oil of amber and turpentine. Dose. — From 15 to 25 drops, morning and evening. Amongst the Welsh and Germans it is extensively used for strengthening the stomach, kidneys, liver and lungs, asthma, shortness of breath, cough, inward or outward sores, dropsy, worms, gravel, fevers, palpitation of the heart, giddiness, headache, etc., etc., by taking it internally, and for ulcers, malignant sores, cankers, etc., anointing externally, and wetting linen with it and applying to burns. In fact, if one-half that is said of its value is true, no other medicine need ever be made. It has this much in its favor, however, — probably no other medicine now in use has been in use half so long — over IGO years. The dose for a cliild is one drop for each year of its age. 4. Oil of Spike. — The genuine oil of spike is made from the lavendula spica (bioad-leaved lavendar), but the commercial oil of spike is made by taking the rock oil, and adding 2 ozs. of spirits of turpen- tine to each pint. The rock oil which is obtained in Ohio, near Warren, is thicker and better than any other whicli I have ever used. 5. Black Oils. — Best alcohol, tincture of arnica, British oil, and oil of tar, of eacli, 2 ozs. ; and slowly add sulphuric acid, ^2 ^^^' These black oils are getting into extensive use, as a liniment, and are indeed valuable, especially in cases attended with much inflamma- tion. 6. Another Method — Is to take sulphuric acid, 2 ozs.; nitric acid, 1 oz.; quicksilver, 3^2 ^z.; put them together in a quart bottle, or an open crock, until dissolved; then slowly add olive oil and spirits of turpentine, of each, 3^ pt., putting in the oil first. Let the work be done out of doors, to avoid the fumes arising from the mixture ; when all is done, bottle and put in all the cotton cloths it will dissolve, when it is fit for use. The mixture becomes quite hot, although no heat is used in making it, from setting free what is called latent or insensible heat, by their combining together. Rev. Mr. Way, of Plymouth, Mich., cured himself of sore throat by taking a few drops of this black oil upon sugar, letting it slowly dissolve upon the tongue, each evening after preaching, also wetting cloths and binding upon the neck. It will be 152 Dr, Chase's Recipes. necessary to avoid getting it upon cotton or linen which you would not wish to show a stain. A colt which had a fistulous opening between the hind legs, from a snag, as supposed, which reduced him so that he had to be lifted up, when down, was cured by injecting twice only, of this oil, to till the diseased place. Also a very bad fever sore, upon the leg — ah ! excuse me ! — upon the limb of a young lady, which baffled the scientitic skill of the town in which she lived. In case they bite too much in any of their applications, wet a piece of brown paper in water, and lay it over the parts. OPODELDOC — Liquid. — Best brandy, 1 qt. ; warm it and add gum camphor, 1 oz. ; sal-ammoniac and oil of wormwood, of each, ^ oz. ; oils of origanum and rosemary, of each, 3^ oz. ; when the oils are dissolved by the aid of the heat, add soft soap, 6 ozs. Its uses are too well known to need further description. DIARRHEAS.— Cordial.— The best rhubarb root, pulverized, 1 oz. ; peppermint leaf, 1 oz. ; capsicum, J^ oz. ; cover with boiling water, and steep thoroughly, strain, and add bicarbonate of potash and essence of cinnamon, of each, 3^ oz. ; with brandy (or good whisky) equal in amount to tlie whole, and loaf sugar, 4 ozs. Dose. — For an adult, 1 to 2 table-spoons; for a child, 1 to 2 tea-spoons, from 3 to 6 times per day, until relief is obtained. This preparation has been my dependence, in my travels and in my f uiily, for several years, and it has never failed us. But in extremely bad cases it might be well to use, after each passage, the following: 2. Injection for Chronic Diarrhea.— New milk, with thick mu- cilage of slippery elm, of each, 1 pt. ; sweet oil, 1 gill ; molasses, 3^ pt. ; salt, 1 oz. ; laudanum, 1 dr. Mix, and inject what the bowels will retain. Very many children, as well as grown persons, die annually of this disease, who might be saved by a proper use of the above injection and cordial. The injection should never be neglected, if there is the least danger apprehended. Although I believe these would not fail in one case out of one hundred, yet I have some other prescriptions which are so highly spoken of, I will give a few more. The first, from Mr. Ilendee, of Warsaw, Indiann, for curing Diarrhea, or Bloody Flux, as follows: 3. Diarrliea Tincture. — Compound tincture of myrrh, 6 ozs. ; tincture of rhubarb, and spirits of lavender, of each, 5 ozs.; tincture of opium, 3 ozs.; oils of anise and cinnamon, with gum camphor and tartaric acid, of each, J^ oz. Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoon in 3^ a tea-cup of warm water sweetened with loaf sugar ; lepeat after each passage. He says he has cured many cases after given up by physicians. It must be a decidedly good preparation. Or, again : 4. Diarrliea Drops. — Tincture of rhubarb, and compound spirits of lavender, of each, 4 ozs.; laudanum, 2 ozs.; cinnamon oil, 2 drops. Mix. Dose. — One tea-spoon every 3 or 4 hours, according to the severity of the case. Medical Department 153 This speaks from ten years' successful experience. 5. Diarrhea Syrup— For Cases brought on by long continned ase of Calomel. — Boxwood, black cherry and prickly ash barks, with dandelion root, of each, 2 ozs. ; butternut bark, 1 oz, ; boil thoroughly, strain and boil down to 1 qt.; then add loaf sugar, 2 lbs., and alcohol, 1 gill, or brandy, 3^ pt, Dose. — A wine-glass from 3 to 5 times daily, according to circumstances. This regulates the bowels and tones up the system at the same time, no matter whether loose or costive. In one case of costiveness it brought a man around all right who had been sewed up tight for twelve days. On the other hand, it has regulated the system after months of calomel-diarrhea. 6. "Wintergreen berries have been found a valuable corrector of Diarrhea brought on by the long-continued use of calomel in cases of fever, eating a quart of them in 3 days' time. The gentleman of whom I obtained this item tells me that winter- green essence has done the same thing, when the berries could not be obtained. In the first place, "everything else," as the saying is, had been tried in vain, and the man's wife, in coming across the woods, found these berries and picked some, which, when the husband saw, he craved, and would not rest without them, and, notwithstanding the fears of friends, they cured him. Many valuable discoveries are made in a similar manner. 7. Dried whortleberries, steeped, and the juice drank freely, has cured Diarrhea and Bloody Flux, both in children and adults. 8. Diarrhea and Canker Tea. — Pulverized hemlock bark (it is generally kept by druggists), 1 table-spoon, steeped in half a tea-cup of water. For young children, in Diarrhea, or Canker, or when they are combined, feed a tea-spoon of it, or less, according to the child's age, two or three times daily, until cured. To overcome costiveness, which may arise from its use, scorch fresh butter, and give it in place of oil, and in quantities corresponding with oil. Children have been saved with three cents' worth of this bark, which "Allopath" said must die. If good for children, it is good for adults, by simpl3' increasing the dose. 9. Sumac bobs, steeped and sweetened Avith loaf sugar, has been found very valuable for Diarrhea; adding, in very severe cases, alum, pulverized, a rounding tea-spoon, to 1 pt. of the strong tea. Dose. — A tea, to a table-spoon, according to the age of the child, and the severity of the case It saved the life of a child when two M. D.'s (Mule Drivers) said it could not be saved. CHOLERA TINCTURE.— Select the thinnest cinnamon bark, cloves, gum gauiac, all pulverized, of each, 1 oz. ; very best brandy, 1 qt. Mix, and shake occasionally for a week or two. Dose. — A tea- spoon to a table-spoon for an adult, according to the condition and robustness or strength of the system. It may be repeated at intervals 154 Dr^ Chase's Recipes, of 1 to 4 hours, if necessary, or much more often, according to the condition of the bowels. This I have from an old railroad-boss, who used it with his men during the last cholera in Ohio, and never lost a man, whilst other jobbers left the road, or lost their men in abundance, thinking the above too simple to be of any value. 2. Isthmus Cholera Tincture.— Tincture of rhubarb, cayenne, opium, and spirits of camphor, with essence of peppermint, equal parts of each, and each as strong as can be made. Dose. — From 5 to 30 drops, or even to 60, and repeat until relief is obtained, every 5 to 30 minutes. C. H. Cuyler, who was detained upon the Isthmus during the cholera period, was saved by this prescription, as also many others. 3. Cholera Preventive, — Hoffman's anodyne and essence of peppermint, of each, 2 ozs. ; tincture of ginger, 1 oz. ; laudanum, spirits of camphor, and tincture of cayenne, of each, ^ oz.; mix. Dose. — For an adult, from a tea to a table-spoon, according to symptoms. 4. Cholera Cordial. — Chloroform, spirits of camphor, lauda- num, and aromatic spirits of ammonia, of each 1 dr.; cinnamon water, 2 ozs. ; mix. Dose. — From 1 tea to a table-spoon, to be well shaken, and taken with sweetened water. 5. German Cholera Tincture.— Sulphuric ether, 2 ozs. ; and put into it castor and gentian, of each 34 oz. ; opium and agaric, each 1 dr. ; gum camphor, 3^ oz. ; let them stand 2 days, then add alcohol, 1 qt. ; and let stand 14 days, when it is ready for use. Dose. — One tea- spoon every 15 or 20 minutes, according to the urgency of the case. I obtained this prescription of a German at Lawrenceburg, Ind., who had done very much good with it during the last cholera period in that place. 6. Egyptian Cure for Cholera.— Best Jamaica ginger root^ bruised, 1 oz. ; cayenne, 2 tea-spoons; boil all in 1 qt. of water, to 3^ pt., and add loaf sugar to form a thick syrup. Dose. — One table- spoon every 15 minutes, until vomiting and purging ceases, then follow up with a blackberry tea. The foregoing was obtained of a physician who practiced in Egypt, (not the Illinois Egypt,) during the great devastation of the cholera there, with which he saved many lives. 7. India Prescription for Cholera.— First dissolve gum cam- phor, % oz., in 13^ ozs. of alcohol; second, give a tea-spoon of spirits of hartshorn in a wine-glass of water, and follow it every 5 minutes with 15 drops of the camphor, in a tea-spoon of water, for 3 doses, then wait 15 minutes, and commence again as before, and continue the camphor for 30 minutes unless there is returning heat. Should this be the case, give one more dose and the cure is effected. Let them perspire freely, (which the medicine is designed to cause,) as upon this the life depends, but add no additional clothing. Lady Ponsonby, who had spent several years in India, and had proved the efficacy of the foregoing, returned to Dublin in 1833, and published it in the Dublin Maily for the benefit of her countrymen, declaring that she never knew it to fail. Medical Department. 155 I would say, be very sure you have the cholera, as the tea-spoon of hartshorn would be a double dose for ordinary cases of disease. §. Nature's Cholera Medicine. — Laudanum, spirits of camphor, and tincture of rhubarb, equal parts of each. Dose. — One table- spoon every 15 to 20 minutes, until relieved. In attacks of cholera, the patient usually feels a general uneasi- ness and heat about the stomach, increasing to actual distress and great anxiety, finally sickness, with vomiting and purging, surface constringed, the whole powers of the system concentrated upon the internal organs, involving the nervous system, bringing on spasms, and in the end, death. Now, whatever will allay this uneasiness, drive to the surface, correct the discharges, and soothe tiie nerves, cures the disease. The laudanum does the first and the last, the cam- phor drives to the surface, and the rhubarb corrects the alimentary canal; and if accompanied with the hot bath, frictions, etc., is doubly sure. And to show what may be done with impunity in extreme cases, let me say that Merrltt Blakeley, living near Flat Eock, Mich., came home from Detroit during the last cholera season, having the cholera in its last stage, that is, with the vomiting, purging, and spasms; the foregoing medicine being in the house, the wife, in her hurry and excitement, in place of two-thirds of a table-spoon, she read two-thirds of a tea-cup, and gave it accordingly, and saved his life; whilst if taken in the spoon doses, at this stage of the disease, he would most undoubtedly never have rallied from the collapse into which he was fast sinking; yet in the commencement they would have been as effectual ; so, mistake would be generally accredited for saving the patient, — I say Providence did the work. Five to 10 drops would be a dose for a child of 2 to 5 years, and in this dose it saved a child of 2% j^ears, in a bad case of bloody flux. If any one is permitted to die with all these prescriptions before them, it must be because a proper attention is not given; for God most undoubtedly works through the use of means, and is best pleased to see his children wear out, rather than break by collision of machinery on the way. CHOLIC AND CHOLERA MORBUS.— Treatment.— Cholera mor- bus arises from a diseased condition of the bile, often brought on by over-indulgence with vegetables, especially unripe fruits; usually commencing with sickness and pain at the stomach, followed by the most excruciating pain and griping of the bowels, succeeded by vomit- ing and purging, which soon prostrate the patient. The person finds himself unavoidably drawn into a coil by the contraction of the mus- cles of the abdomen and the extremities. Thirst verv great, evacua- tions first tinged with bile, and finally, nearly all, very bilious. Treatment.— The difficulty arises from the acidity of the bile; then take saleratus, peppermint leaf, and rhubarb root, pulverized, of 156 Dr. Chase' s Recipes, each a rounding tea-spoon, put into a cup which you can cover and pour upon them boiling water, 3>^ pt. ; when nearly cold add a table- spoon of alcohol, or twice as much brandy or other spirits. Dose. — Two to 3 table-spoons every 20 to 30 minutes, as often and as long as the vomiting and painful purgations continue. If there should be long continued pain about the naval, use the " Injection,'' as mentioned under that head, in connection with the above treatment, and you will have nothing to fear. If the first dose or two should be vomited, repeat it immediately, until retained. The above preparation ought to be made by every family, and kept on hand, by bottling; for diseases of this character are as liable to come on in the night as at any other time; then much time must be lost in making fires, or getting the articles together with which to make it. 2. Common Cholic. — There is a kind of cholic which some per- sons are atfiicted with, from their youth up, not attended with vomiting or purging. I was afflicted with it, from my earliest recollection until I was over twenty years of age, sometimes two or three times j'early. In one of these fits, about that age, a neighbor woman came in, and as soon as she found out what was the matter with me, she went out and pulled up a buuch of blue vervain, knocked the dirt from the roots, then cut them off and put a good handful of them into a basin, and poured boiling water upon them, and steeped for a short time, poured out a saucer of the tea and gave me to drink, asking no ques- tions, but simply sa3ing, "If you will drink this tea every day for a month, you will never have cholic again as long as you live." I drank it, and in fifteen minutes I was perfectly happy; the transition from extreme pjiin to immediate and perfect relief is too great to allow one to find words adequate to describe the difference. I continued its use as directed, and have not had a cholic pain since, nearly thirty years. I have told it to others with the same result. It also forms a good tonic in agues, and after fevers, etc. CARMINATIVES. — For the more common pains of the stomach, arising from accumulating gas, in adults or children, the following pieparation will be found very valuable, and much better than resort- ing to any of the opium mixtures for a constant practice, as many unwisely or wickedly do. See the remarks after "Godfrey's Cordial," and through this subject. Compound spirits of lavender, spirits of camphor, and tincture of ginger, of each 1 oz. ; sulpliuric etiier and tincture of cayenne, of each 3^ oz. Mix and keep tightly corked. Dose.— For an adult, 1 tea- spoon every 15 minutes, until relieved; for a child of 2 yeais, 5 drops; and more or less, according to alaced in the vagina, to hold the womb to its place. The sponge should have a stout piece of small cord sewed two or three times through its center, and left of sufficient length to aid in its removal, morning and evening, for the purpose of cleansing it, using the necessary injections, etc. After having injected either No. 5 or 6 of the above, as thought preferable, the sponge having been thoroughly washed and pressed dr}^ it will be again introduced sufficiently high to hold the womb in place. Remembering, however, in almost all of these cases of falling of the womb, that the patient will find it necessary to keep the bed until well, or very much relieved. One thing is very evident in these cases of debility: the blood is deficient in iron ; consequently that article should enter largely into any medicine intended for its relief; and in most cases the iron filings and ginger, or the sweet liquor, will be found, continued for two or three months, all the medicine required ; and the iron must not be omitted in any case whatever. Iron is the main-spoke in these female wheels, and very valuable in general debility of males as well as females. For real hemorrhage, which may be known by the coagulation (clotting) of the blood, as the menstrual flow does not coagulate, see "Uterine Hemorrhage," or the "Styptic Balsam," but for profuse or long continued flowing or wasting, use the following: §. Powder for Excessive Flooding. — Gums kino and catechu, of each, 1 dr ; sugar of lead and alum, of each, )^ dr.; pulverize all, and Medical Department, i8t thoroughly mix, then divide into 7 to 10-grain powders. Dose.— One every 2 to 3 hours, until checked; then less often, merely to control the flow. If any female, into whose hands this book shall come, will care- fully study and use the foregoing rational remarks and prescriptions, and is not an hundred times better pleased with the results than she would have been by calling half of the physicians of the day, I should be very much disappointed, and I would be sure that the remedies did not have their common effects, which, I feel, will not be the case, from the great good they have already done, many times. Besides, they save the delicacy of exposures, in many instances; and they will al- ways save the delicacy of conversing with and explaining their various feelings and conditions, to one of the opposite sex. So highly impor- tant is this fact, that the information should become general — every girl, old or young, ought to be furnished with "Dr. Chase's Recipes," and also receive all the additional instruction that a mother's experience can give her. APPENDIX TO MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. APOPLEXY. — It is a sudden deprivation of all the senses, and of voluntary motion, g:enerally the eflect of compression of the brain; which, when produced by an effusion of blood, or a distention of the internal vessels of the head, from an accumulation of blood, is termed Sanguineous Apoplexy ; and when caused by an effusion of serum^ which occurs chiefly in dropsical habits, Serous Apoplexy. Apoplexy — Sanguineous. — The short necked, the indolent, great eaters, and great drinkers, are its victims! The fit is generally pre- ceded by a sense of weight in the head, and giddiness; frequent head- ache; bleeding at the nose; redness of the eyes; imperfect vision; ringing in the ears; numbness in the extremities; weakness of the knees; faltering of the voice; drowsiness, and disturbed sleep. It is brought on by whatever hurries the circulation, so as to increase the afflux of blood into the vessels of the head; such as violent exercises; passions of the mind; much straining; whatever impedes the free return of blood from the head; as a tight ligature, or handkerchief around the neck; or lying with tlie head lower than the chest. If the fit has lasted long, L e., two or three days; if the breathing is very laborious and loud; if tlie patient is far advanced in life; it is probable that the disease will prove fatal. A second attack is always of more danger than a first; and when apoplexy comes upon a patient who has had frequent attacks of epilepsy, it very commonly proves fatal. Treatment. — Remove the cause, that is, pressure upon the brain — apply blisters to the head, and also between the shoulders — and lessen the determination of the blood to the head by increasing the circulation in the extremities, i. e., stimulating the feet and hands by mustard poultices, and by emptying the lower intestines by a clyster, made of cpsom salts, castor oil, salt and aloes. Also give sudorifics, or medicines to promote sweat. If the attack takes place soon after a full meal, an emetic should be given— lobelia. Keep the body nearly in an erect posture to promote the return of the blood from the head. Apoplexy — Serous. — Compression of the brain, producing apo- plexy, is seldom caused by an effusion of the serous part of the blood. When it occurs in a dropsical person, it may be referred to an eflusion of serum, which will require the aforesaid means. Cordials are proper and may be given. It is in consequence of extreme debility of the system, and generally terminates in death. Give emetics of ipecacuanha and tartarized antimony, blisters to the head, mustard poultices to the legs and feet, sharp purges, diffusive stimulants of ammonia, castor oil, assafoetida, valerian, and electricity passed through the head. Prevention of Apoplexy. — Avoid intoxicating drinks, keep the feet dry and warm, take plenty of exercise, eat sparingly, sleep Appendix to Medical Department. 185 with the head higher than the trunk, prevent constipation, wash the head and sponge the cliest every morning in cold water. For the treatment of apoplexy, the following hints have been collected from the works of the most eminent physicians: Remove all compression from every part of the body; immerse the legs in warm water and mustard foi- 10 minutes, applying friction at the same time; bathe the whole surface with the diluted tincture of cayenne; avoid bleeding; put a mustard plaster between the shoul- ders; if possible, let a brisk purgative be administered, for evacuation is necessary to unload the bowels and stomach, and therefore tlie pressure on the brain. Blood-letting in apoplexy aggravates the cere- bral congestion. Prof. Recamier says, " I have not the least evidence that blood-letting has the smallest power to diminish the violence or duration of an apopletic paroxysm; nay, I have every reason to believe that it so far weakens the powers of reaction as to prove fatal, or greatly to retard the cure." Apply cold water to the head, and hot water to the feet, if slight symptom's begin to appear. At first do it slightly, and increase the application gradually. This will force back the blood from the upper to the lower extremities through the heart, and lemove the disease. The whole secret of treatment consists in equalizing the circulation. ASTHMA. — This disease is well known. It manifests itself in temporary fits of difficult breathing, is accompanied with wheezing, cough, a sense of suftbcation, and constriction of the chest. The cause; hereditary predisposition ; cold and moist atmosphere; sudden changes of temperatui-e; intense study; suppression of long accus- tomed evacuations; certain fevers; irritation of the air cells of the lungs, by aerial acrimony, or other causes; irritation of the stomach, etc., etc. When this disease is attended with expectoration, it is called humoral asthma; and when there is no discharge, it is named dry asthma. It is remarkable, that what will excite the disease in one patient, will often prove a means of relieving it in another. This peculiarity is shown in the eight pair of nerves, branches of which go to the lungs and stomach. When these branches are in a state of mor- bid excitement, or irritation, the muscles concerned in conveying air from the lungs become contracted so as to limit the expansion of the chest, and by retarding the circulation of the blood through the lungs, the blood becomes surcliarged with carbon, causing a dark appearance of the lips, etc. Asthma may be distinguished from pulmonary consumption, by the former being attended not only with fits of difficult breathing, but with violent fits of suttbcation; whereas, in consumption the patient has only shortness of breath on motion. Asthma also more generally attacks persons in advanced life. If the system is much debilitated, so that swelling of the legs, great oppression of breathing, and florid countenance, are predom- inant symptoms, a more powerful tonic is requisite: Tincture of rhatany, 6 ozs. ; ammonia, 2 scrs. ; compound spirit of juniper, 2 ozs. ; tincture of squills, }4 oz. Mix. Three table- spoons to be taken every 4 hours, with the following pills: Pj-ecipitated iron, 2 grs. ; extract of hemlock, 3 grs. ; gum ammo- niac, 4 grs. ; oil of anise-seed, 2 drops. Mix, and divide into 2 or 3 pills. Keep the bowels open by any of the aforementioned aperients. But if the patient is aflected witli diarrhea, a frequent attendant on 1 86 Appendix to Medical Department. the last stage of tliis malady, the following may be substituted for the preceding tonic mixture: Compound tincture of rhatany, 1 oz. ; lime water, 6ozs. ; lauda- num, 30 drops. Mix. Three tabk'-spoons to be taken every 3 hours; if it does not restrain diarrhea, add to the above 1 or 2 ounces of decoction of logwood. Sliould a distressing pain affect the integuments of the head, or the back of the head, a small blister will give relief. Or, take ammoniated tincture of valerian, 2 drs.; tincture of castor, 1 dr.; laudanum, 30 drops; camphor mixture, 1 oz.; syrup of tolu, 1 dr. Mix. This is most valuable for spasmodic affections. Asthma— Treatment of. — For its cure or relief, the following articles are tirst-rate remedies: Assafoetida, blaclv byrony, butter-bur, chervil, coffee, colt's foot, foxglove, garlic, horse-radish, lobelia in 2 places, meadow saffron, hedge mustard, myrrh, thorn apple, thyme, and skunk cabbage. The smoking of stramonium, known as thorn apple, is particularly recommended, the vapor, if possible, should be inhaled. It won- derfully allays morbid irritability, and the caloric which is taken with it, during tiie operation of smoking, povveifully promotes the secretion of mucous, and thus often speedily terminates the lit. If the patient is unable to smoke it, the vapor of a strong decoction of it may be inhaled, by breathing over it as soon as it is taken off the lire. Boil an ounce in a ])int of water; as soon as it boils, take it off the tire; it should be made in a close vessel. Hedf/e hyssop is an excellent remedy. It powerfully allays the morbid irritation of the lungs, promotes expectoration, obviates cos- tiveness, strengthens the stomach, and increases the secretion of urine, and perspiration of the skin. A strong decoction of it, combined with carroway, or anise-seed, is the best form of administration. Before and during the tit the patient should immerse his feet in warm water, and drink warm simple beverages, as balm tea, barley water, etc., with 2 or 3 tea-spoons of aetlier, or of aromatic spirit of ammonia. Whatever tends to quiet the nervous system, is of the greatest service ; though active remedies should be applied with the greatest icaution. Washing the head with warm water has been of very great service; and sometimes sneezing, produced by snuff, made of asarabacca, has suddenly terminated the paroxysm. If the chest be much pained, foment with hot Hannels, or apply a bran or oatmeal poultice. Very strong coffee is much recommended if tlie attack is violent; combine with it 10 or 15 drops of laudanum, 3^ dr. of aether; and 2 drops of oil of mint. This mixture may be taken several times during the day. The following pills are valuable in asthma: Il>ecacuanha powder, 6 gi's. ; James's powder, 12 grs. ; camphor, 15 grs.; extract of henbane, or syrup, to form into 10 or 12 pills. One or 2 may be taken every hour, or less frequently. Asthmatics are very subject to an accumulation of inflammable air in the intestines which renders an aperient necessary. Distension of the stomach or intestines from any cause is a source of great dis- tress to the patient, by mechanically preventing the motion of the diaphragm. Therefore take of compound colocynth pill, 1 dr. ; prepared cal- omel, 8 grs. ; assafoetida, ^^^ dr. or more. Divide into 15 or 20 pills; take 2 or 3 occasionally. But probably the best aperient is castor oil, given in peppermint, or weak brandy and water. To hasten the termination of the paroxysm, rubbing the scalp Appendix to Medical Department. 187 with camphorated sal volatile, and immersing the feet in warm water are often nsefiil. Vomiting excited in the evening, will sometimes, by unloading the stomach, promoting expectoration, and increasing perspiration, prevent tlie accession of a paroxysm. For this purpose, talce 20 grs. of ipecacuanha powder: Or, ipecacuanha powder, 15 grs.; sulphate of zinc, 4 grs.; oxymel of squill, 2 drs.; peppermint water, 1 oz. Mix: Or, tincture of lobelia is good in obstinate cases. Dose. — 1 dr. Lobelia is now declared by the most eminent physicians to be the Mng of all remedies for asthma. I shall now subjoin a few other rem- edies, and some advice, the value of which has been confirmed by my medical experience, and: that of others. Ether is a good remedy daring the fit. Dr. Graham directs its use thus: '* Heat a common tea-pot with boiling water, let it stand 3 or 4 minutes; pour tlie water entirely out, and then put 1 or 2 tea- spoons of ether into the pot, close the lid, and inhale the fumes through the spout in the mouth, breathing in that way for several minut'es. Strong brandy and water, and gin and water, have been found very serviceable during the Jit, especially the latter, with 2 or 3 drops of the oil of juniper added. The following recipes for asthma have been found very useful: Take of the milk of gum ammonia, 6 ozs. ; syrup of squills, 4^^ ozs. Mix. A spoon to be taken when relief is required. It promotes copious expectoration. Or, gum ammoniac, 1 dr. ; gum assafoetida, squill pill, of each }4, dr.; oil of cinnamon, 6 drops; form into 24 pills, with common syrup. Take twice a day. Or, powdered senna, 1 oz.; flour of sulphur, }4 o^-? powdered ginger, 2 drs. ; powdered saffron, % dr. Size of a nutmeg to be taken night and morning, in treacle or honey. Or 2 ozs. of best honey, and 1 oz. of castor oil mixed. A tea-spoon or 2 to be taken night and morning. Carroway and sweet fennel seeds, of each % o^:. ; boil in a pint of vinegar about 30 minutes; take it off the fire, and add 3 ozs. of sliced garlic. Cover up, and when cold, squeeze and strain, and by gentle heat, mix with it 13=^ lbs. of good honey. A tea-spoon or 2 to be taken night and morning. To relieve the breathing^ steep some blotting paper in a strong solu- tion of saltpeter; dry it, and light a portion when going to bed, lay it on a plate. Many have experienced much relief from this. Asthma. — The Rev. John Wesley recommends the following: A pint of cold water everj'' morning, and wash the head in cold water, and using the cold bath once in 2 weeks; or, a decoction of liquorice often gives relief; or, }^ pt. of tar Avater twice a day; or. Urn a fortnight chiefly on boiled carrots. It Seldom fails. Many have been cured by this diet; or, take from 10 to 60 drops of elixir of vitriol, in a glass of spring water, 3 or 4 times a day; or, in a qt. of boiling water, put a tea-spoon of balsamic ether;* receive the steam into the lungs, through a fumigator, twice a day; or, vomit with warm water, and always keep the body open. To prevent a return of a Fit of Asthma, or to relieve Asthma.— Keep the bowels gently open with rhubarb, or some other mild aperi- ent, and strengthen the tone of the stomach by bitter infusions, as ♦Balsamic Ether Is made thus: Put 4 ozs. of spirits of wine, and 1 oz. of balsam of tola, Into a phial, with 1 oz. of Ether. Keep It well corked. It will not keep over a week or two: 1 88 Appendix to Medical Department camomile, gentian, and quinine. "When the chest is constricted, apply mustard, or blistering plasters, and take an emetic occasionally to clear out the phlegm from the bronchial passages; avoid everything diffi- cult of digestion; wear flannel next to the skin; avoid a bleak, damp air, easterly winds, and take constant exercise. An animal diet, rather light, is preferable to a vegetable diet. Asthmatic Cough. — Take Spanish liquorice, 2 ozs. ; salt of tarta/* }^ oz. ; boil the liquor in 3 pints of water to a quart; add the salt to it when it is blood warm. Drink 2 spoons of this every 2 hours. It seldom fails. I have known this to cure an inveterate moist asthma. ATROPHY. — The word is derived from the Greek a, not, and iropA^, nourishment; not nourishment, and the want of that nourish- ment induces emaciation, and loss of strength. The symptoms are a gradual consuming or wasting away, impaired digestion, loss of appe- tite, depression of spirits, and general languor; in the latter stages hectic fever, cough, and difficult breathing. In young persons of scrofulous habit, there is enlargement of the mesentreic glands, indi- gestion, costiveness, or diarrhea, uncertain appetite, flushed or palid cheeks, remittent fever, swelling of the abdomen, emaciated limbs, and eruptions of the skin on the shoulders, arms, and thighs, etc. I have seen the vessels so attenuated as to be scarcely able to contain the blood, and in some cases, the smaller ones congested. The cause may be hereditary, damp houses, rooms, and beds, unwholesome foul air, close and bad ventilated sleeping rooms, exces- sive evacuations, worms, mental anxiety, excessive indulgence in venery, or spirituous liquors. It is induced in females by giving suck too long. Treatment. — Many diseases are accompanied by atrophy to a greater or less extent. In those cases, therefore, it is but an effect of a disease, and that disease must be prescribed for. There are cases, however, in which the most careful and repeated scrutiny fails to detect any serious disease of the vital organs, though some important viscus may be aftected. If the glands are aftected, apply the tincture of iodine, by means of a camel hair brush, or the ointment of the same. The following formula has been recommended: Iodine of potassium, 1 dr.; compound infusion of gentian, 6 ozs.* aromatic spirit of ammonia, 2 drs. ; mix, and take a table-spoon 3 times a day; with the following aperient at bed-time: Compound rhubarb pill, 4 grs ; sulphate of quinine, 4 grs. ; cay- enne pepper, 2 grs. ; make into 3 or 4 pills. In this disease, fresh air should be obtained, and abundant exer- cise in the open air. Keep the bowels regular, and always combine a tonic with a purgative. The diet must be light and nutritious. If the disease arises from a venereal taint, (alas ! how many monstrous parents thus infect their children !) then sarsaparilla will be useful. The same course will, in a great measure, be applicable to atrophy. If the disease proceeds from worms, then anthelmintics must be administered. Sometimes atrophy is produced by suckling too long, which must be abandoned, or it will cause wasting, and ultimately consumption. The child should be weaned immediately, and out-door exercise in a pure atmosphere, and a course of tonics should be taken immediately. AHDOMINAL RUPTURES, OR HERNIA, take place at the navel, in females, and the scrotum and groin in males. When the bowel lies quietly in the bag, and admits of being readily put back into the abdomen, the rupture is termed reducible ; but irreducible Appendix to Medical Department. 189 when the contrary. A hernia is strangulated when the intestine is, as it were, tied round with a string, so as to prevent the contents of the bowels from passing off; in such a case, inflammation is excited, and alarming, and sometimes fatal, symptoms, are manifest. The causes of rupture are various; viz., sedentary Jiahits^ violent exercise, such as feats of agility, jumping^ running, lifting and carrying heavy weights, vomiting, straining, laughing, sneezing, and whatever induces extreme action of the abdominal muscles. Some parts of the parietes, or enclosure of the bowels, are naturally weaker than others; especially the inguinal and crural rings, and the umbilicus; and it is of these parts that hernia most frequently occurs; or the abdominal walls may be defectively formed. When a hernia takes place sud- denly, there is a sensation of something giving way at the part, and some pain ; but in many persons it comes on gradually, and almost imperceptibly, particularly in very debilitated constitutions. The general sj^mptoms of a hernia, when reducible and free from strangulation, are an indolent tumor at some point of the abdomen, frequently descending out of the abdominal ring, or out of the navel, but occasionally from other situations. The swelling often arises suddenly, and is subject to a change of size, being smaller when the patient lies down on his back, and larger when he stands np or holds his breath. It frequently diminishes when pressed, and grows large again when the pressure is removed. Its size and tension often in- crease after a meal, or when the bowels are flatulent. In consequence of the unnatural position of the bowels, many persons who have rupture are occasionally troubled with colic, costiveness, and vomiting. But sometimes the functions of the intestines suffer little interruption. But in all cases ruptures are troublesome and dangerous, and therefore ought to be attended to in tune. When a rupture is reduc- ible, return the protruded parts to their original cavity, by gently pressing the projecting tumor, which can be best effected when the patient is Ijing on his back, with the legs bent, so that the knees may be erect; an attitude which he should always preserve as much as possible. An injection should be given made of gruel, butter, salt, and Ave or six drops of laudanum. Folds of linen dipped in ice- water should be placed upon the tumor, and renewed every fifteen minutes. Ice also may be applied with good eff*ect. If the case has been delayed too long, use flannels dipped in a warm decoction of bitter herbs, as tansy, wormwood, horehound, and hops; these herbs tend to soften the tumor, and facilitate its return. Change the flan- nels frequently. Infants are often subject to umbilical hernia, or rupture of the navel. It is cured by applying a proper bandage or truss, which, with increasing strength, eff'ects a cure. Particular attention should be paid to the cure of female infants that are ruptured; that they may be free from the complaint when they become adult and pregnant; for then it often recurs from the too great distension of the abdomen, etc. During pregnancy, it is often troublesome, but after parturition, if the contents have not contracted anj' adhesion, they will often return into the abdomen, and may be kept there by a proper bandage. Females subject to umbilical rupture, should keep their bowels uncon- stipated, especially if the navel rupture be irreducible ; and they should avoid indigestible food. When the tumor is returned, it should be kept in its place by a bandage or truss. By the permanent pressure of a truss upon the opening, the parts are prevented from descending, and a permanent 190 Appendix to Medical Department, cure is often effected. A truss may be obtained at a surgical instru- ment maker's. Dr. Beach, an eminent physician, states : "Most of the cases of strangulated hernia for wliich an operation is performed, miglit be cured by i)roper treatment. In verj^ many cases, where an operation has been proposed, the patient has recovered by very simple means. I have been culled to some, where, at first view, it has seemed impossible to return the protruded viscera without cutting down and dividing the stricture ; and yet, by prompt and energetic means, I have succeeded in reducing it." The following directions are founded upon the American practice : Commence the treatment by giving a dose of castor oil ; avoid strong and irritating purgatives. Use injections of an oily nature, as Lobelia infiaia^ a sutficient quantity; infuse in 3^ pt. of hot water, to wliich add as much milk and treacle, and a gill of olive or sweet oil. Repeat every hour. This is one of the most powerful relaxants that can be used in this disease. The following external applications are ^recommended by Dr. Beach : Steam and foment with bitter herbs (herbs before mentioned). Put the decoction in a tub or pail, and sit over it by means of a narrow board put across it. Place a blanket over the patient. This will cause perspiration, and reduce the inflammation. In extreme cases a warm bath should be taken for some time. An alkaline poultice may be applied over the rupture. Mix the slippery elm bark with weak lye, until a poultice of a proper consistence is formed, to be applied tepid, and often renewed. The best effects have been produced by this ap- plication. Dr. Eeese, of New Tork, uses the sulphuric ether for the reduction or return of hernia. He wets the tumor with the liquid, and then, in order to produce speedy evaporation, blows upon it with a pair of bellows. He states that he has reduced a number of strangulated hernia by this method alone, when they had been doomed to undergo an operation. While these means are being used, manual aid must be used, called ^aiCis, (meaning the replacement of the parts by hand.) The position of the patient requires care and skill. His legs and buttocks should be elevated as high as possible, forming an angle, if possible of 45 degrees. This may be effected by placing the back part of a chair underneath him. His thighs and body should be a little flexed or bent, in order to relax the muscles. The tumor should then be seized and moderate pressure made, in order to return the viscera. The constant application of a solution of alum in a strong decoc- tion of oak bark — two drachms to a pint — has been recommended by some surgeons for the radical cure of rupture in the groin. It is ap- plied by means of soft linen, which should be wetted as soon as it becomes dry. In incipient cases this topical remedy, by constringing the parts, may succeed in preventing the escape of the intestine or omentum through the abdominal ring. The compress should for some time be kept on the part, by a bandage or truss with easj?^ springs. ACrUE. — The cause is debility; frequently marsh miasma^ or the effluvia arising from stagnant water in pools, or on maishy ground. On the attack, the patient should be placed between blankets, and partake freely of water-gruel or barley-water. From 20 to 30 drops of laudanum, or more, should be given just before the commencement of the ague fit. The nails turn blue just before the fit begins. The fit may be moderated also by taking 1 scru. of the carbonate of ammo- Appendix to Medical Department, 191 nia, 8 grs. compound powder of ipecacuanha, mint-water, 1}/^ ozs. Peruvian bark, or sulpliate of quinine, is an efficacious remedy. An emetic before taking it is necessary; about 20 grs. of ipecacuanha powder; then take a small dose of salts and senna, and the Peruvian bark in powder; an ounce will make eight doses, one of which should be taken every hour or two. Or, instead of the Peruvian bark, take from 2 to 4 grs. of quinine, with 1 gr. of extract of gentian, made into pills. When the disease is arrested, continue the use of the pill, taking two per day for a few weeks. Ague. — Take 30 grs. of snake-root, 40 of wormwood, 1^ oz. of Peruvian bark powdered, and 3^ pt. of Port wine. Put the whole into a bottle, and shake ic well together; divide it into four equal quantities, and take it the tirst in the morning, and the last at night, when the fit is over. The dose should be often repeated, to prevent a return of the complaint. Or, when the fit is on, take an ^^^ beaten up in a glass of brandy, and go to bed immediately. WHITLOW, OR FELON.— This is an inflammation of the fingers, thumb, or hand, and is very painful. It is often situated at the root of the nail. The pain is attended with throbbing, swelling, and in- flammation. It gradually progresses to suppuration. Steam the wiiole hand with bitter herbs for 30 or 40 minutes; bathe it frequently in strong hot lye water. The steaming must not be dispensed with. Apply a poultice of linseed and and slippery elm, with a little salt and brandy. The formation of matter is indicated by a small white spot in the center of the swelling. When this appears, open it with tlie point of a large needle or probe, that the matter may escape. Repeat, if necessary. If proud flesh appears, apply the vegetable caustic or chloride of potass, diluted. A poultice of powdered hops is very effectual to relieve pain. Attend to the general health, by giving aperients, tonics, and nutritious, cooling diet. Whitlow. — Cut a hole in a lemon, and wear it on the finger like a thimble; the whitlow must be encased in the lemon. See " Felon." STOMACH, SPASMS OR CRAMP OF.— This painful and alarming state may proceed from various causes: such as the sudden application of cold, or it may arise from indigestible fruits or food, from bile regurgitating into the organ, from congestion of the liver, from gout or rheumatism, and, finally, from a draught of cold water when the body is heated, or from swallowing pieces of ice. A hot bath, or warm fomentations, are generally the best external remedies for spasm of the stomach, and an emetic the most useful and effective internal means, followed by such after-treatment as the exciting cause seems to justify or demand. BLADDER, INFLAMMATION OF.— It manifests itself by pain and tightness in the lower part of the abdomen; the pain increases by pressure, there is a constant desire to pass urine, and great difficulty in passing a few drops; sometimes there is complete retention; the bladder may become enlarged, caused by the inflammatory action. In old people the chronic form occurs, and it is frequently caused by stone. In the decline of life, the common symptom is the difficulty of making water. In painful retention of urine, hot fomentations of herbs, as hops, wormwood, tansy, camomile flowers, and a little valei'ian root, may be applied over the region of the bladder. Use also the warm foot-bath. Parsley tea with a little spirits of nitre and best gin may be taken. Take also the Diuretic Jiifusio7if which see. Should these fail, use the 192 Appendix to Medical Departmetit. hip-bath, temperature from 8G to 9G, for lialf an liour; take also a table-spoon of castor oil, and, if the pain is severe, 12 drops of laud- anum. Warm injections are also serviceable. Add to the injections a little tincture of lobelia. The following is an excellent remedy in affections of the bladder, particularly in old age : Solidified copaiba, alcoholic extract of cubebs, equal parts. Mix and make into three or four grain pills, and give one or two 3 times a day. It has been known to act like a charm. It is invaluable in all urinary affections, and especially those which affect old people. It allays pain and irritation about the neck of the bladder, of the pros- trate gland, and in the kidneys. In case of extreme pain apply the Irritating Plaster (which see) over the pubic region. To strengthen the bladder^ avoid all intoxicating drinks, exposure to wet, damp, and cold ; sponge the lower parts of the abdomen with salt and water, and occasionally with vinegar. See "Urine," or "Urinary." CURE FOR BURNS.— Of all applications for a burn we believe that there are none equal to a simple covering of common wheat flour. This is always at hand, and while it requires no skill in using, it pro- duces most astonishing effects. The moisture produced upon the sur- face of a slight or deep burn is at once absorbed by the flour, and forms a paste which shuts out the air. As long as the fluid matters continue flowing, they are absorbed and prevented from producing irritation, as they would do, if kept from passing off by oily or resinous applications, wiiile the greater the amount of those absorbed by the flour the thicker the protective covering. Another advantage of the flour covering is, that next to the surface it is kept moist and flexible, it can also be readily washed off without further irritation in remov- ing. It may occasionally be washed off very carefully when it has become matted and dry, and a new covering sprinkled on. Remedy for Burns and Scalds. — Take chalk and linseed or com- mon olive oil, and mix them in such proportions as will produce a compound as thick as honey ; then add vinegar, so as to reduce it to the thickness of molasses, apply with a soft brush or feather, and renew the application from time to time. Each renewal brings fresh relief and a grateful coolness. If the injury is severe, especially if it involve the chest, give 10 drops of laudanum to an adult, and repeat it in an hour, and again a third time ; to a child of ten years, give in like inanner only three drops, and beware of giving any to an infimt. This T)lan, with an internal stimulant, according to age, as brandy or sal- volatile, or both, should be at once adopted until the arrival of the medical attendant. Lime water beaten up with sweet oil makes an excellent application for burns. Burns and Scalds. — See Spanish Flies. — If the clothes have caught fire, wrap the person in a shawl, coat, blanket, etc., very tightly, to extinguish the flames; or when these are not at hand, roll the person on the floor. Then gently disengage the clothes from around the burned surface. If any parts of the dress should stick to the burned part, do not remove them, but cut the clothes from around that part. The treatment for bui-ns is applicable to scalds. If the injury is merely superficial, saturate a piece of cotton wool, or wadding, etc., with tinc- ture of Spanish tiles, largely diluted with water, and apply it over the burned or scalded part, and cover it with folded cotton or linen, etc., to exclude the atmospheric air. Saturate with the liniment as the Appendix to Medical Department., 193 cloth dries. If the wound is deep, use tlie arnica lotion, instead of cantharides. When the burnino: pain ceases, npply simple cerate spread on a linen rag, and cover well up. Liniments are better tl)an lotions, as they contain soap dissolved in spirits of wine, both curative of burns, etc. The arnica lotion may be obtained from any Uonieo- pathic cliemist. Wlien the afoie-mentioned liniments are not at hand, cotton wool, or a linen rag may be well saturated in oil and soap lather, and ap- plied. " A most primitive, yet very effectual remedj^ in tlie treatment of burns and scalds is cow-dung ; and from its being so ricli in phospho- rus, it must exert a specific, and a meclianical action to cure injuries resulting from tire." Apply a poultice of elm bark and milk, and when the inflamma- tion has left, apply black salve. For very slight burns, the black salve alone will cure. The slippery elm poultice is a sovereign remedy and has effected the greatest cures. Dr. Beach relates the case of a girl dreadfully scalded by falling into a large pan of boiling water, which scalded, and actually burnt or disorganized the parts from the back nearly to the feet. A poultice of slippery elm bark, and olive oil alone, very soon arrested the inflammation and acute sufferings of the patient, to the astonishment of all. The elm hark may he hought of the Medical Botanists. In all cases of burns and scalds, it is necessary to observe, that if fever should ensue, gentle laxative medicines ought to be given; as castor oil, or salts and senna. In cases of scalding the mouth with hot liquids, gargle with a so- lution of borax, and then hold in the mouth a mucilage af slippery elm, swallowing it slowly, if the throat also has been scalded; tlie slippery elm bark may be mixed with olive oil. Some recommend soap liniment, wliich is made by dissolving soap in spirits. When a burn is only trifling, and causes no blister, it is sufiicient to apply a compress of severat folds of soft linen upon it, dipped in cold water, in wliich lias been dissolved a little carbonate of soda; to be renewed every 15 minutes, until the pain is removed. Dr. Tissot says, in cases of blisters, beat up an e^g with two table- spoons of olive oil, or linseed oil, spread it on soft linen, and apply it to the affected part. For very slight burns or scalds, the hlack salve alone is sufllcient to remove the pain and inflammation. If the skin is not broken, cover the part with a layer of flour or starch, place cotton wool over it, or a linen rag, and bind it over lightly. If a blister has been burst or cut, use a cerate. Where the skin has been burnt off, wet applications may be used; the best is lime water and linseed oil; one part of the former to two of the latter, well mixed. Milk may be used to advantage in the same wa^^; or in the absence of milk use bread and water till you can get the linseed oil and lime water. Burns and Scalds. — If any part of the body be scalded or burnt, it should be placed in a vessel of new milk as soon as possible, and be kept there till the fire is drawn out. There must be an abundance of new milk obtained where the greater part of the body is burnt; and if a bath of milk cannot be got, the patient must be laid on the his: con- venient place, and soft cloths steeped in milk must be continually ap- 9 194 Appendix to Medical Department » plied, till the fire is drawn out. This his been known to jrive instant relief to a man who fell into a copper of boiling wort, when the skin peeled olf with his clothes. Or, a few raw potatoes are to be peeled, and finely beaten in a mortar; add a drachm or two of laudanum; apply to the affected parts, like a poultice. It is very eflScacious in the cure of burns or scalds, and other inflamed parts. An eminent surgeon in the army says: "Opiates are excellent things, and should be given to relieve pain; but the stimulants must not be forgotten. The shock of the burns depresses the whole system, and laudanum, though it relieves the pain, is also depressing in its ettects. I would, therefore, (as in accidents of this kind time is most precious) recommend the following mixtures to be given at once; Laudanum, 30 drops; sulphuric ether, 40 drops; brandy, a table- spoon, in a wine glass of warm water. This should be given directly, and repeated in an hour's time if the pain is not subdued. This treat- ment should be followed up by beef tea and other concentrated forms of nourishment. Of course the ever present remedy of covering the burns freely with flour from a flour dredge, and applying cotton "wool above the layer of flour, must not be neglected. Burn or Scald. — Immediately plunge the part in cold water, and keep it therefor some time; or electrify it immediately; or if the part cannot be dipped, apply a cloth four times doubled, dipped in cold water, changing it when it becomes warm; or a bruised onion; or mix lime-water and sweet oil to the thickness of cream. Apply with a feather. Most effectual. Or, take a piece of thick brown paper, dipped in the best sallad oil; then set the paper on fire upon a common plate, upon which will re- main a deposit of oil. Apply this oil to the burn. Or, put on the burn or scald a covering of flour; or, cover with treacle, and dust on flour; or, cover with the white of egg; or, apply whiting or chalk, and lin- seed oil ; or, apply a cloth dipped in a solution of alum. IJALDNESS. — The decoction of box-wood successful in cases of baldness is thus made: Take of the common box which grows in garden borders, stems and leaves, four large handfulls; boilin three pints of water in a closely covered vessel for a quarter of an hour, and let it Ftand in a covered earthenware for ten hours or more; strain, and add an ounce and a half of eau de cologne or lavender water, to make it keep. The head should be well washed with this solution every morning. Liquid for the Cure and Prevention of Baluuess. — Eau de cologne, two ounces; tincture of cantharides, two drs. ; oil of rose- mary, oil of nutmegs and oil of lavender, each ten drops, to be rubbed on the bald part of tlie head every night. Baldness. — The falling off" of the hair from the crown of the head — sometimes from the whole scalp — and often occurring tit a very early age of life. Though pi-ematui'e baldness frequently occurs from fever, or some disease alfecting the glands of the cuticle which secrete the roots or bulbs of the hair, it often takes place in young men from no assignable cause. The best preventive means of saving the hair when once it begins to show a tendency to fall off, is to have the scalp shaved immediately, and that operation repeated every month, till the strength of the next crop of bristles gives evidence of a more vigorous growth. At the same time, the following embrocation is to be well rubbed into the scalp every night upon going to bed, after having first irritated the cuticle with the hair-brush, to promote absorption. Appendix to Medical Department. 195 Embrocation for the Growth Hair. — Take of castor oil, 2 ozs. ; oil of rosemary, 2 clrs.; essential oil of bitter almonds, 15 drops; tincture of Spanish flies, 8 drs. Mij^ This will be found serviceable in every condition of baldness. Very little need be used at one time, — the most important object being to diffuse it vrell over the scalp. Baldness. — The cause of baldness is defect in the hair follicles, from which the hair is developed. Sometimes it is the result of disease, and is frequently hereditary. Those wlio perspire much about the head are generally bald. If the hair falls off after fever, shaving a few times will tend to promote the growth. Keeping the head closely wrapDed prevents the growth of hair. A drachm of the tincture of cantharides mixed with an ounce of lard, is a good application. An infusion of the Asarum Europeum Asarabacca, may be used as a lotion for the scalp. Kub the bald part frequently with the juice of an onion till it looks red; or, water, 1 pt. ; pearlash, half an ounce; onion juice, 1 gill; rum, half a gill ; oil of rosemary, 20 drops. Eub the head hard with a rough linen towel dipped in the mixture; or, take 4 ozs. of castor oil, 8 ozs. best rum, 80 drops oil of lavender, apply occasionally to the head, shaking the bottle well ; or, beef marrow, well washed, melted, and strained, 1^ lb.; tincture of cantharides, 1 oz. ; oil of bergamot, 12 drops. Wash the head frequently with warm water and Windsor soap ; or with a decoction of rosemary and southern-wood. Baldness. — Rub the part morning and evening with onions, till it is red, and afterwards with honey; or, wash it with a decoction of boxwood ; or, electrify it daily . Baldness. — Infuse for a few days, 1 dr. of powdered cantharides in 1 oz. of proof spirit; beef marrow, % lb. ; soak in several waters, lastly in weak salt and water ; melt, strain, and mix, adding 10 or 12 drops of oil of bergamot, or lavender. BREATH, IMPURE.— There are few things more offensive than a foul or foetid breath, not only as a source of annoyance to the person himself, but a positive nuisance to all who liave the misfortune to ap- proach him. Impure breath, except in cases of illness, and when the patient is under a course of mercury, proceeds from two causes — a neglected state of the stomach and bowels, or from decayed teeth and an unclean mouth ; and as in either case the remedy is easy, it must be owing to an innate disregard for others' comfort, and neglect of his own, that any person allows so noxious an offense to continue. When the cause proceeds from the bowels, two or three colocynth, or com- pound rhubarb pills, taken once every six hours, and a black draught, or half an ounce of Epsom salts afterwards, will almost always remove it; while, if the mouth or teeth are the cause, a weak solution of the chloride of lime, used twice a day as a wash for the mouth, rubbing the gums and teeth after each time with a dry cloth, will soon remove all cause of complaint ; or, what is still belter, the dailj' employment of a tooth-brush and the following dentrifice : Take of powdered charcoal, )^ oz. ; cuttle-fish, 2 drs. ; myrrh, 1 dr. Used as a tooth-powder night and morning with warm water. BRIGHT'S DISEASE.— A peculiar disease of the kidneys, so named from Dr. Bright, the first to draw attention to the existence of this singular affection, the chief characteristic of which is the presence of a greater or less amount of serum separated from the blood, and found in the urine voided from the bladder. Symptoms. — Pain in the back and loins, at first slight and occa- 196 Appe7idix to Medical Depart?nent. sional, but becoming heavy, dull, anrl settled, accompanied with rest- lessness and fever, and the usual functional disturbance in the other organs; loss of appetite, hectic flushes, apd general disturbance. These symptoms are succeeded by enlargement in tlie loins, oedema, or swell- ing of the face and extremeties, and finally a state of general dropsy. Should these symptoms fail to point out the disease, heat applied to the urine will at once indicate its character ; forthe serum will become coagulated, and, according to the amount present, either the whole will be rendered solid, or masses oicoagulum will be seen floating about the water. The CAUSES of this disease are either a scrofulous condition of the system, an intemperate liablt, or the long indulgence in a course of alcoholic liquors, or dram-drinking. Treatment, — A warm bath is the first remedial agent to be em- ployed, which is to be followed by friction over the loins with weak mercurial ointment, containing a drachm of camphor to the ounce ; or, if the pain be severe, cupping, or the application of a dozen leeches to the loins should be adopted ; at the same time giving one of the follow- ing powders every six hours, and a pill, containing IJ^ grains of solid opium, at bed-time. Take of sulphate of potass, 3^dr. ; powdered jalap, 1 dr.; powdered nitre, 1 scr. ; Calomel, 18 grs. Mix thoroughly, and divide into six powders. BRONCHI riS.— This disease is very prevalent in the English climate, and often proves fatal. The acute affection often passes Into the chronic form. Bronchitis is derived from the Greek Bronkos, the wind-pipe, and has a reference to the bronchia^ the ramifications of the trachea. It is an inflammation of the lining membrane of the passages of the throat, through which respiration is carried on. The first symptoms are running at the nose, eyes watering, fre- quent sneezing, shivering, dullness, and sometimes pain in the head. The chest is affected, there is a roughness of feeling in the trachea, or wind-pipe, which causes frequent attempts to clear the throat. The fever runs high, there is great weakness, a troublesome cough, and difficult breathing, hoarseness, tightness and pain across the chest. The cough is soon accompanied with expectoration of a thin fluid, having a saline taste, possessing an irritating quality, As the expec- toration thickens and increases, the pain begins to abate, and the breathing to be relieved. The pulse is not so violent and the fever abates. These are favorable symptoms; and especially so when the phlegm changes from a glairy liquid to a tenacious phlegm, and de- creases in quantity. The unfavorable symptoms are, feeble, frequent, and irregular pulsation, palid countenance, cold sweats, increased mucous, and the prostration of strength through the cough in efforts to remove it; the cough becomes less effectual to expectorate ; wheezing comes on, and next a rattling in the large air-tubes, delirium, and suffocation. Fre- quently the collapse is very rapid, inducing dissolution in two or three days. Cure. — The loss of vitality in the system has caused a diminished temperature, chills, coldness of the surface and extremities, imperfect cutaneous functions and the effusion of impure blood on the mucous membrane of the bronchia; followed by irritation and congestion, and the secretion of nmcous hinders the breathing. Nature requires the removal of these obstructions. Place the feet in warm water, and administer warm and mucilaginous drinks; as, linseed tea, barley Appendix to Medical Depart7tient. 197 water, with a little lemon juice; balm tea; gentle aperients, if required; foot-baths, and hot bran poultices to the chest. The surface of the body should occasionally be bathed with warm water and carbonate of soda. The vapor bath is also recommended. Nothing is so eifectual as nauseating medicines. The design of all remedies in this disease is to dislodge the tenacious and viscid secre- tion which lines the air-tubes, and the impure blood must be corrected and returned to to the surface. Emetics have a specitic action on the respiratory organs, dislodging the bronchial phlegm, and removing the tension of the parts. Take 4 grains of Ipecacuanha powder, in a little warm water, every twenty minutes, till vomiting takes place. Repeat if necessary. Or take the following emetic: Lobelia, 6 drs.; skunk cabbage, 3 drs.; Ipecacuanha, 4 drs.; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Powder and mix. One tea-spoon in camomde tea, every twenty minutes till it operates. It is most effectual in clear- ing the lungs from accumulated matter.* Laborious breathing may be relieved by inhaling steam from a decoction of bitter herbs, or even hot water. Gentle perspiration must be promoted, and medicines employed to allay the cough, if trouble- some. The following is a good mixture: Ipecacuanha wine, 1 dr.; Aromatic spirits of ammonia, 2 drs.; carbonate of potash, 1 dr. ; water, 8 ozs. ; and if the cough be irritable, add a grain of acetate of morphia— take two table-spoons every four hours. Or, take almond oil, % oz. ; solution of the carbonate of soda, % dr.; syrup of tolu, 1 oz. ; sy^up of poppies, 1 oz.; water 6 ozs. Mix, and take two table-spoons every two or three hours. PersDiration may be promoted by taking the sudorific powder. (See '' Sudorific Powder.") Counter-irritants are sometimes effectual, as mustard plasters; and in extreme cases, small blistering plasters to the chest. Dr. Beach recommends flannels dipped in a decotion of hops and wormwood, boiled in vinegar; the flannels to be gently wrung, and applied as hot and as often as possible over the bronchial tubes, or the upper part of the chest. If it produces an eruption, it is favorable. The bowels must not be neglected, but kept open by gentle aperients, as castor oil, a weak infusion of salts and senna, according to the strength of tlie patient, Tliis tends to cool the system, and divert the humors from the chest to the bowels. Bronchitis from the acute sometimes passes into the chronic. Tlie person in such case should be well clothed, wear flannel next to the skin — should avoid exposure to cold and damp, and abstain from alco- holic drinks. Indeed, in many cases, bronchitis is caused by intemp- perance, and also by much public speaking. When the cough is violent and fast, take expectorants recommended in this book, and apply to the chest the Stimulating Ointment (which see) Dr. Beach advises the use of the Tar-bath exactly in the following way: Add 1 oz. of common potash to one lb. of tar, to deprive it of itspyroligneoiis acid. Mix well, and boil together in the open air for fifteen minutes — then to be kept gently simmering in the room of the patient. This may be done by placing it over a spirit lamp. The irritating plaster is very serviceable in the bronchial affec- tions. (See '* Irritating Plaster.) * These herbs are sold by the Medical Botanist. Not many Druggists keep them. 198 Appendix to Medical Department, The smoking of dried mullein leaves is also recommended. During the inflammation attendant on this complaint, the diet must be simple and soothing; as gruels, sago, rice, tapioca, arrow-root, etc. The patient must keep in a warm room, and avoid cold and damp. During convalescence, tonics should be freely taken. Avoid stimulating drinks. BRAIN — luflammation of. — It begins with inflammatory fever, a flushed countenance, redness of the eyes, pain in the head, disturbed sleep, dryness of skin, constipation, restlessness, irritability, pain in the stomach, a tendency to delirium. It is caused by hard study, intemperance, grief, anxiety, stopping of evacuations, exposure to the heat of the sun, external injuries, etc. I'espiration deep and slow, and sometimes difficult. Tiie disease is a dangerous one, and often proves fatal in a few days, if not speedily arrested. Cure. — Promote the evacuations. Remove constipation by pur- gatives, clysters, and mix nitre with tea and other beverages. Divert the blood from the head by restoring the circulation in the extremities — equalize the circulation. Bathe up to the knees in warm water. In excessive inflammation, apply cups to the temples, and the nape of the neck. Perspiration sliould also be promoted as much as possible. Should the disease appear obstinate, put a mustard plaster between the shoulders, and to the feet at night. Frequently apply vinegar cloths to the head and temples. The less irritation, noise, light, the better it will be for the patient. " Cold water to the head," says an eminent physician, "and tepid or hot water to the surface of the body, have a powerful effect in forcing the congested blood from the head, and restoring an equilibrium in the circulation. The food must be simple and light, as panado, water-gruel, toast and water or lemonade, light jellies, bariey-watei-. Nothing stimula- ting must be taken. TO ARREST BLEEDING AT THE NOSE.— Introduce, by means of a pi*obe,a small piece of lint or soft cotton, previously dipped into some mild styptic, as a solution of alum, white vitriol, creosote, or even cold water. This will generally succeed; but should it not, cold water may be snufted up the nostrils. Should the bleeding be very profuse, medical advise should be secured. Bleeding at the Nose.— Use wheaten flour; it forms a good styptic; snuft* it up the nose. Tighten the garters; apply ligatures to tiie arms, and put the feet into warm water, to bring the blood downwards. To apply a cold wet cloth to the privities is effectual. When it arises from constipation, the bowels should be moved immediately; or plug the nostrils up with lint steeped in strong vinegar, and apply clot) is dipped in cold water. The application of ice to the back, tem- ples, etc., is also serviceable; or dissolve 2 scruples of nitre in 3^^ pint of water, and take 1 cupeveiy hour; or apply to the neck behind, and on each side, a cloth dipped in cold water; or wash the temples, nose, and neck, with vinegar; or snuff' up vinegar and water; or foment the legs and arms with it; or dissolve 1 oz. of powdered alum in 1 pt. of vinegar; dip a cloth in it and apply it to the temples, steeping the feet in warm water. Bieediug of a Wound.— Make 2 or 3 tight ligatures toward the lower p;irt of each joint; slacken them gradually; or apply tops of nettles bruised; or strew on it the ashes of a linen rag dipped in sharp vinegar and burnt; or take ripe puff-balls, break them warily, and save the powder. Apply it to the wound, and bind it on. This will Appendix to Medical Department 199 stop it speedily; or take 2 ozs. of brandy; 2 drs. of castile soap; potass, 1 dr. ; scrape the soap line, and dissolve it in the brandy, add the potass, mix, and keep well corked. Apply a little of this to a bleeding wound, and the blood will immediately congeal. BOILS. — Poultice the boil and paint it with aqueous extract of opium; or tincture of iodine; or the rheumatic liquid; which see. Frequently renew the process every 2 or 3 hours. A piece of lint soaked in olive oil may be strapped over the boil if the person is necessitated to do business. An aperient may be proper except in weakness, when it is best to give weak elixir of vitriol and quinine, or give two of the alterative pills night and morning, and the compound decoction of sarsaparilla. If a boil breaks apply the black salve. Boils. — Apply a little Venice turpentine; or an equal quantity of soap and brown sugar well mixed; or a plaster of honey and flour; or of tigs; or a little saffron in a white bread poultice; or a table-spoon of yeast in a glass of water, twice a day. Take an aperient. BLA< K EYE. — This is caused by a blow or bruise. If attended with inflammation and pain, wash the eye often with yery warm water, in which is dissolved a little carbonate of soda; or with equal parts of tincture of opium and water. If the pain be acute, foment with a decoction of stramonium leaves, simmered inspirits. Wash the eye, and bind on the leaves ; often repeat. Perhaps the best applica- tion is a poultice of slippery elm bark. Mix with milk, and put it on warm. To remove the black color of the eye, bind on a little raw meat; or a poultice made of the root of Solomon's seal. Culpepper says, *'It is available for bruises, falls, or blows, to dispel the congealed blood, and to take away the pains, and the black and blue marks that abide after the hurt." The blackness may be concealed by painting the part with flesh-colored paint. CARBUNCLE. — A carbuncle is a species of boil, but larger, and much more painful. It shows debility in the constitution. Give a mild aperient, rendered tonic by the addition of quinine. Foment the part with bitter herbs, or steam it with the same. Linseed meal and slippery elm bark, well boiled, makes an excellent poultice; or of poplar bark and slippery elm, and a few drops of tincture of myrrh. When the poultice is taken off, wash well with a decoction of bay- berry. The vegetable caustic^ and the black salve, are good remedies. Every time the place is dressed, it should be well washed with soap and water; or weak tincture of myrrh and water. The diet must be light and nourishing. The patient must take exercise in the open air. When the tongue indicates no fever give ton-c bitters. Ciirbuucle. — A hard, painful circumscribed tumor, co called from carbo, a coal, because the ancients likened the pain it caused to a burn- ing coal in a state of perpetual activity. Symptoms. — Carbiuicle commences with a nard, red swelling, which soon becomes of a purple or livid color; the tumoi-, as it extends, becomes soft; little pimples form on the skin around the centre mass, which soon breaks into small ulcers, from each of which oozes a thin irritating discharge. After some days these small ulcers spread, ajul uniting, form 3 or 4 large suppurating surfaces, from which the discharge becomes rich and tenacious. Carbuncles more frequently attack the old than the young, and most frequently appear at the nape of the neck, on the shoulder-blade, between the shoulders, or on the nates or buttocks. A carbuncle differs from a boil in having no core, and terminating in gangrene, or sloughing, instead of suppur- 200 A^endix to Medical Department, ation. Wherever they occur, they hidicate a low state of vitality, and a putrescent or typhoid state of the system. Treatment. — A free and deep incision is to be made across the swelling as soon as it begins to point, from above downwards, and another at right angles, from left to right; after the bleeding, which is often considerable, has ceased, the sore is to be poulticed with linseed meal or hot bran, till the sloughing has terminated, and the wound begins to heal. During the early poulticing, and till the car- buncle is opened, a compound colocyntli pill should be given every second day, and a dose of the following mixture eveiy six hours, with a grain of opium at bed-time, if there be great irritation; Take of powdered nitre, 2 scrus.; tartar emetic, 4 grs.; mint water, 6 ozs. ; Syrup of saffron, 3 drs. Mix. Two table-spoons for a dose ; if sickness should succeed, only 1 spoon is to be taken. As soon as the incisions have been made the patient's strength is to be kept up by a full diet of animal food, with stout or wine 3 times a day. A pill composed of equal parts of colocynth and blue pill, every second morning, and the following mixture every 4 hours : Take of quassia bark, 1 dr. ; cardamom, seeds, 2 drs, ; canella alba bark, 2 dr. ; boiling water. 1 pt. Infuse for 6 hours, strain, and add nitric and muriatic acids, of each 30 drops. Mix. A table-spoon with the same of water, to be sucked through a quill every 4 hours ; and at bed-time a pill containing 2 grs. of quinine. These means, with a tepid bath, exercise, and a good diet, will restore tone to the system, cause the health}'^ granulation of the wound, and probably save the patient from a recurrence of the disease. (See "Boil.'') CORNS. — Boil a potato in its skin, and after it is boiled take the skin and put the inside of it to the corn, and leave it on for about 12 hours. At the end of that period the corn will be much better. The above useful and simple recipe has been tried, and found to effect a remedy. A Positive Cure for Corns. — The strongest acetic acid, applied night and morning with a camel's-hair brush. In one week the corn, whether soft or hard, will disappear. Corns. — When small, they may be removed by stimulants or escha- rotics; as nitrate of silver (lunar caustic), by wetting the corn, and touching it with a pencil of the caustic every evening; previously soften the skin by immersing the feet in warm water; or apply a blister the size of a sixpence. Or the following remedies: Apply fresh every morning, the yeast of small beer spread on a rag; or, after paring them close, apply bruised ivy-leaves daily, and in fifteen days they will drop out; or, apply chalk powdered and mixed with water, — this also cures warts. Some corns are cured by a pitch plaster. All are greatly eased by steeping the feet in hot water wherein oatmeal is boiled. This also helps dry and hot feet. Four ounces of white diachlyon plaster, 4 ozs. of shoemakers' wax, and 50 drops of muriatic acid, or spirits of salt. Boil these ingredients for a few minutes in an earthen pipkin, and when cold, roll the mass out between the hands, or upon a marble slab, slightly moistened with olive oil. Rub together in a mortar, 2 ozs. of powdered savine leaves; % oz. of verdigris, and i^ oz. of red precipitate. Mix, and put some of it in a linen bag; apply to the corn at bed-time. Some people roast a clove of garlic, and fasten it on with a piece of cloth at the time of going to bed. It softens the corns, and re- moves the core in two or three nights' using. When the garlic is taken Appendix to Medical Department. 201 off, wash the foot with warm water; in a little time the indurated skin that forms the horny tunic of the corn will disappear. Avoid tight shoes, boots, and stockings, to be devoid of corns. Bathe the feet for 20 or 30 minutes in strong soda water and soft soap. After repeating a few times, the corn may be easily drawn out. If the corn be soft, apply a rag dipped in turpentine. Corns should never be cut without being softened in warm water and soap. Sir Astly Cooper gives the following recipe as an infallible cure : Gum ammonia, 2 ozs. ; yellow wax, 2 ozs.; verdigris, 6 drs. Melt them together, and spread the composition on a piece of soft leather, or linen ; cut away as much of the corn as you can with a knife, before you apply tiie plaster; renew in a fortnight, if the corn is not gone. A hard corn should be soaked night and morning in hot water, and scraped. Tincture of iodine, laid on with a camel's-hair brush twice a day, will remove a hard corn. For a soft corn, the solution of potass should be well rubbed in. Tincture of iodine, 4 drs. ; iodide of iron, 12 grs. ; chloride of antimony, 4 drs. Mix and apply, after paring the corn. After bathing the feet and cutting the corns, apply to them a leaf of house-leek, or one of ground-ivy, or of purslane, well steeped in vinegar. Renew every evening for a few days. Corn Solvent— Sir H. Davy's.— Potash, 2 parts; salt of sorrel, 1 part. Mix in fine powder. Lay a small quantity on the corn for four successive nights, binding it on with rags. METHOD OF CURING THE STINGS OF BEES AND WASPS. — The sting of a bee is generally more virulent than that of a wasp, and with some people attended with very violent effects. The sting of a bee is barbed at the end, and consequently always left in the wound; that of a wasp is pointed only, so that they can sting more than once, which a bee cannot do. When any person is stung by a bee, let the sting, in the first place, be instantly pulled out; for the longer it remains in the wound, the deeper it will pierce, owing to its peculiar form, and emit more of the poison. The sting is hollow, and the poison flows through it, which is the sole cause of the pain and inflammation. The pulling out of the sting should be done carefully, and with a steady hand ; for if any part of it breaks in, all remedies then, in a great measure, will be ineflectual. When the sting is ex- tracted, suck the wounded part, if possible, and very little inflamma- tion, if any, will ensue. If hartshorn drops are immediately after- wards rubbed on the part, the cure will be more complete. All notions of the efficacy of sweet oil, bruised parsley, burnet, tobacco, etc., appear, on various trials, to be totally groundless. On some people, the sting of bees and wasps has no effect; it is therefore of little con- sequence what remedy they apply to the wound. However, the effect of stings greatly depends on the habit of body a person is of; at one time a sting may take little or no effect, though no remedy is used, which at another time will be very virulent on the same person. We have had occasion to test this remedy several times, and can safely avouch its efficacy. The exposure to which persons are subjected during the hot summer months will, no doubt, render this advice use- ful, its very simplicity making it more acceptable. THE STING OF A NETTLE can be cured by rubbing the part with rosemary, mint, or sage leaves. COUP-DE-SOLIEL— SUNSTROKE.— This sudden and dangerous disease is very rare in this country, or any part of Europe, but in tropical latitudes is very common, especially among those who do not 202 Appendix to Medical Department. take sufficient care to keep the head well defended from the vertical rays of the sun. The attack is generally so sudden, that the person has only time to be conscious ot" an instantaneous and excruciating pain in the head, before he sinks insensible to the earth, or on the deck of the ship — struck down as if by an instant apoplexy. The treatment in such cases is to be guided in a great measure by the age of the patient; bleeding, however, either from the arm or temples, must be immediately adopted, cold lotions applied to the head, and the nape of the neck cupped; the patient, moreover, is to be kept perfectly still, and in a darkened chamber, and the antiphlogistic regimen strictly adopted, and by the exhibition of the following mix- ture, after a dose of calomel and croton oil; take of Epsom salts, 1 oz.; tartar emetic, 2 grs.; water, 10 ozs. ; mix. Three table-spoons to be given eery four or six hours. CRAMPS are irregular spasmodic contractions of the muscles of the whole or different parts of the body, causing most severe pain by the knotty and hardened state into which their fibres are contracted. Though cramp may involve the greater number of the muscles at once, the parts most generally affected are those of the feet, legs, thiglis, abdomen, and arms. The CAUSE sometimes proceeds from the sudden application of cold to the heated body, damp slieets, wet feet, or wet clothes; the irritation produced on the nervous system by the absorption of lead, arsenic, or other mineral poisons, and the exhaustion on long-continued evacuations, as in cholera; from the specific action of some animal virus^ as in the bite of venomous reptiles, and in bathing, from coming In contact with cold springs, and a too lengthened stay in the water. Treatment. — Friction will always be found the most valuable means for subduing cramps, whether general or local; and if nothing else can be obtained, the hand alone, or a piece of flannel, if properly used, may be always made of service. "When a hot bath can be ob- tained, it should always be employed immediately, and friction used while in the water. For the more local kinds of cramp, an embroca- tion of camphorated oil, turpentine, and spirits of hartshorn is to be employed, rubbed in with the hand in the direction crt the muscular fibres. For the cramps that arise from constitutional causes, the remedies ordered under the head of these diseases must be consulted; while for ordinary local cramps, the embrocation prescribed above, with friction, and bottles of hot water to the feet, will be found to be generally sufficient. The only internal remedy demanded is an occa- sional draught, composed of 1 oz. of brandy, ^ dr. of sal-volatile, 25 drops of laudanum, 15 drops of ether, and 2 ozs. of water. (See " Convulsions," " iSpasms.") BUNION. — An inflamed and painful swelling of the bursa mucosa^ or sac containing the oil of the joint, chiefly situated on the inside of the great toe. This disease, if not remedied in time, is certain to lead to a permanent enlargement and disfigurement of the toe. The excit- ing cause is generally a long-continued pressure from a tight boot or shoe. Treatment. — This should commence with a warm bran poultice, continued for one or two hours, so as to soften the cuticle of the part; a piece of lint, wetted in the extract of lead, is then to be applied, cold, round the toe, and tlie lint moistened from time to time with moie of the extract. In a few hours all intlammation will have sub- sided, and if care be taken not to repeat the pressure, but use a large boot, the bunion will be cured. If it be preferred, a couple of leeches Appendix to Medical Department. 203 may be applied, and, after the bleeding, a lotion. But in almost every case, the above treatment once or twice repeated will be certain to effect a cure. When the toe has become enlarged by the thickening of the cartilages, caustic may be rubbed over the part, after the in- flammation has been subdued; and when the blackened cuticle peels off, the same process may be repeated till absorption has carried off the swelling. A piece of thick buckskin, or agaric, with a hole cut out for the swollen part to come through, and then spread with adhesive plaster, should be worn for several days, to take off all pressure from the toe when shoes or boots have to be worn. Bunion. — A plaster of Burgundy pitch should be kept over a bunion ; or a piece of lint or linen rag wetted with a strong solution of sal-ammoniac, to be kept on constantly wet. Poultice them with house-leek and ground-ivy dipped in strong vinegar. Some recom- mend the application of caustic to the part, and also the application of leeches, and the Burgundy pitch and soap plasters spread upon soft leather. To be free from bunions and corns, especially avoid pressure from tight boots, shoes, and stockings; the last are very injurious, as they compress the feet by their elasticity. CATARRH. — This comprises a cold in the head^ or influenza. Both begin with chilliness, sneezing, bad appetite, running at the nose, red and watery eyes, fever, etc. It is inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the nostrils, or bronchial passages. Sometimes there is a slight cough only, and sometimes a harrassing one. It is caused by exposure to cold or wet, damp, epidemic poison. To cure, let the diet be low, drink toast and water, warm gruel, or barley-water acidulated with a little lemon or cream -of-tartar. Bathe the feet at bed-time in hot water. Use the vapor bath, or wrap hot bricks in cloths or flan- nels dipped in vinegar and water, to the feet and sides. Should the cough be troublesome, take a cough pill or the pulmonary syrup. CHAPPED HANDS. — Rub them night and morning with raw linseed oil. Chapped Hands. — Rub a little glycerine (which can be bought at any chemist's), with a little borax, upon your hands at night, and wear gloves in bed. Chapped Hands, etc, — Wash with soft soap, mixed with red sand ; or, wash them in sugar and water ; or, apply a little sal-prunello. Chapped Lips. — Clarified honey, a table-spoon; pour a few drops of rose or lavender water into it. Apply it to the lips often. Or, honey, 1 oz.; litharge and myrrh, each 3^ oz. ; melt, and perfume; cork well. Chapped Hands and Lips. — The first of these troublesome com- plaints is most frequently the result of neglect in not sufficiently drying the hanas after washing, and exposing them, in a wet or damp state, to the influence of cold winds, and the action of the weather. Some- times, however, it proceeds from a scrofulous state of the system, or a scorbutic condition of the cuticle. Persons aftected by, or liable to, chapped hands, should be particularly careful always to dry them well after washing, and either smear a little honey on the backs of the hands and fingers on removing them from the water, rubbing it well into the cuticle, and then drying them; or they should, after drying them, effectually dust them with violet powder, so as to absorb any adhering moisture, and close the pores. For chaps the result of a scorbutic state, if the honey is not sufficient to restore the skin to a natural smoothness, the following ointment should be rubbed on every 204 Appendix to Medical Department, night, the hands being afterwards encased in gloves till the morning: Take of citron ointment, 1 dr.; camphor, powdered, 1 dr.; white ointment, 6 drs. Mix. Chapped Lips.— Though sometimes the result of cold winds, they far more frequently proceed from the state of the stomach and bowels, and can only be cured by taking a few doses of an aperient pill or mixture, and the nightly application of a cerate made by rubbing a drachm of camphor with 2 drachms of white or spermaceti ointment. CANCER, — ^A cancer is a hard, indolent tumor, usually seated in some of the glands, as the arm-pits, eye, nose, lips, tongue, womb, and the female breast; the two last are most subject to it. It affects the aged more than the young, and mny exist for years. It commences with a small, hard tumor, increasing slowly, and attended with acute shooting pains; sooner or later ulceration sets in. The discharge is so acrid as to inflame the part with which it comes in contact. The place where cancer occurs assumes a purplish appearance previous to its ulceration. Ulceration gives ease for a time, but the cancer penetrates deeper, and spreads wider, corrupting the stream of life, and reducing to the greatest debility, and often terminating in death. To CURE, remove debility, and improve the general health. Reg- ulate the bowels, and give an emetic. Give a vapor bath made of bitter herbs, as camomile, hops, catnip, tansy, etc., and boiling water and vinegar. Occasionally rub the whole surface of the body with the following liniment: Cayenne, 1 tea-spoon; salt, 2 table-spoons; pour upon them ^ pt. of boiling water; infuse 3 hours, and then add ^ pt. of boiling water ; infuse 1 hour longer, stirring occasionally. Steaming with the bitter herbs, combined as above, allays the pain, swelling and inflammation. The following pills will be of much use: Blood-root, 13>^dr.; extract of dandelion, 3 drs.; lobelia seed, 1 dr.; cayenne, 1 dr. ; senna, in powder, 1 dr. ; add 3 drops of oil of mint, and form into pills. These pills will be found very efficacious in the cure of jaundice, and liver complaints. Citric acid will relieve the pain of cancers. Dr. Brandini, of riorence, had a patient, aged 71, aftlicted with cancer on the tongue. An operation could not be made, for the affection was too extensive, investing the base, the sub-lingual, and the sub-maxillary glands. In the midst of his pain, the poor man asked for a lemon. It abated the pain; and the next day it gave him still greater relief. This led the doctor to try citric acid ; 4 grs. of the acid, in 1 oz. of water ; and this, as a gargle, entirely carried oft' the pain, and reduced the swelling of the tongue very much. The doctor tried the same remedy on a female with an ulcerous cancer on the breast, deemed incurable. Her tor- ments were so great, that neither she nor the other patients could get any rest. He applied a pledget of lint soaked in the above solution, and the relief was instantaneous. It was repeated with the same suc- cess. Thus citric acid promises to be a great boon to mankind. Citric acid is prepared from lemons. Externally apply the following : Simmer cicuta leaves till they are soft, then mix them with slippery elm bark, to form a poultice; apply morn and night. It is valuable. Or apply the irritating plaster^ for a continual discharge must be kept up, as the patient is able to bear it. The douch bath has been recommended, and doubtless it has had a good eftect in many cases. The following applications are useful : Cayenne and lobelia seed, equal quantities, powdered; meadow- fern and balm of gilead buds, of each 3 ozs. (these two steeped in Appendix to Medical Department. 205 spirits for five or six days, and made into ointment, with lard suffi- cient.) Unite tlie whole as a paste, and apply to the cancer, covering with a cloth. When the plaster is talven oft', wash with soap-suds. Or burn a quantity of red oalc bark to ashes, and make into lye. Boil the lye till it becomes as thick as honey. Then apply constantly. Such preparations, by their stimulating and relaxing properties, excite a preternatural discharge, or cause a sloughing of the ulcer, and thus remove or lessen it. Use one of these ointments principally, the Black Salve occasionally, and after much discharge, dress with an emollient ointment. This treatment has effected numerous cures. (See ''Black Salve ") A decoction of narrow-leaved dock-root has been found to produce rare effects Saturated cloths with the same may also be applied. Or the root may be powdered, and made into an ointment with lobelia seeds powdered. , . ., „ -, i ■■ Cancer Plaster.— White oak bark, 4 oz. ; bruise it well, and add urine sufficient to cover it Infuse four days, boil it till it becomes as thick as molasses. Add 2 ozs. of honey, and 2 ozs. of strained tur- pentine gum. To make this plaster caustic, add 2 drs. of white vitriol. Spread on soft leather, or linen. It may be applied to all kinds of ulcers, white swellings. For cancers it is invaluable. Cancer.— Use the cold bath. This has cured many. A bleeding cancer was cured by drinking twice a day a quarter of a pint of the juice of clivers, or goose grass, and covering the wound with the bruised leaves. Another by the following recipe : . . ,,/ Take K pt- of small beer. When it boils, dissolve in it \% ozs. of bees-wax; then put in 1 oz. of hog's lard, and boil them together. When it is cold, pour the beer from it, and apply it spread on white leather. Renew it every other day. It brings out great blotches, which are to be washed with sal-prunello dissolved in warm water. If it be not broken, apply a piece of sheet lead beat very thin, and pricked full of pin-lioles, for days or weeks to the breast. Purges should be added every third or fourth day. Or, rub the whole breast morning and evening with spirits of hartshorn mixed with oil. Or, keep it continually moist with honey. COLD.— Never neglect a cold. It may be the forerunner of some disease difficult to cure. Consumption often follows a neglected.cold. A cold is caused by the loss of heat, and a decrease of nervous energy, causing an obstruction of the perspiration. , ,. . To remove a cold, restore the perspiration. Take a decoction ot the sudorific herbs, as catnip, pennyroyal, yarrow, or angelica. Take the composition powder (which see). Place the feet in warm water before going to bed, and put a bottle of water to the feet, wrapped m cloth wet with vinegar and water. Give a basin of hot gruel, and let the patient oft drink of the herb tea. Repeat this treatment, if nec- essary- If the throat is sore, wet some hops in hot vinegar, put m cloth, and wrap around the neck. If the cough is troublesome, use some of the cough remedies. (See "Cough.") ^ ., « Or, take linseed, 1 cup ; raisins, 4 ozs, ; licorice m stick, 2 penny- worth ; soft water, 2 qts. ; simmer till reduced to 1 qt. ; add 4 ozs. ot suo-ar candy, 1 table-spoon of old rum, and 1 of good vinegar, or lemon juice. Add the rum and vinegar as the decoction is taken. Take a cupful two or three times a day. The patient should lie in bed a dav or two. _ , . , . . ^A Cold in the Head.— M. Farn, a Belgian physician, says, a cold may often be arrested by a brisk friction of the back of the head with 2o6 Appendix to Medical Department. some stimulant lotion, as lavender water, sal-volatile, etc. And also a similar rubbing, two or three times a week, will prevent the "catching" of a cold bj^ those who are liable to do so from slight causes. Cold — To Ayoid Catching, — Accustom yourself to the use of sponging with cold water every morning on first getting out of bed, followed with a good deal of rubbing with a wet towel. It has con- siderable efllect in giving tone to the skin, and maintaining a proper action in it, and proves a safeguard to the injurious influence of cold and sudden change of temperature. Sir Astley Cooper said, "The methods by which I have preserved my own health are — temperance, early rising, and sponging the body every morning with cold water, immediately after getting out of bed; a practice which I have adopted for thirty years without ever catching cold." Cold, A, To Cure. — The following plan is very effectual in curing most colds, but not all : Let a man eat next to nothing for two days, provided he is not confined to bed, for by taking no carbon into the system by food, and by consuming the surplus which caused his dis- ease, by breath, he soon carries o^ his disease by removing the cause. This will be found more efl'ectual if he adds copious water draughts to the protracted fasting. By the time a person has fasted one day and night, he will experience a freedom from disease, and a clearness of mind, in a delightful contrast wich mental stupor, and physical pain caused by colds. Or take 1 handful of yarrow, 3^ an oz. of ginger root, bruised, or 1 tea-spoon of cayenne pepper, and about 3 pts. of water. Boil to 1 pt. Add a little sugar if you like. Take a good dose at bed-time, and your cold will be cured by the next morning; if not, repeat the dose. Cold is a mere relative term, and signifies a less degree of heat, or the absence of a definite amount of caloric. In this sense the term is chiefly confined to the science of chemistry. Cold, regarded as a substance, either in the form of snow, ice, or water at a low degree of temperature, is sometimes used as a valuable agent in the treatment of disease. When employed to reduce inflammatory action, or lower the temperature of the body or a part of the frame, other articles, such as ether and vinegar, are employed — though hot and stimulating in tbemselves — to produce cold, or suddenly reduce the temperature of a part, by the action of evaporation. Cold, A. — A conventional term used generally to express an ab- normal condition of the system, analagous to a mild form of influenza, catarrh, or some afiection of the respiratory organs or air-passages, accompanied with more or less of hoarseness, running at the nose and eyes, headache, and general lassitude and debility. See "Catarrh." Cold in the Head. — This is a local form of what may be called an attack of influenza, and without materially aft'ecting the general health, is very frequently a most distressing form of indisposition. The symptoms are a fullness and oppression of the head, hot and bloodshot eyes, effusion of tears, discharge of thin mucus from the nose, ^^'ith sore throat and a contraction of the scalp. The treatment of a cold, whether attended with constitutional symptoms, such as shivering and diminished secretions, or simply confined to the head, is nearly the same in all cases. This should begin with a warm bath, taken about eight o'clock at night, with a free use of the flesh-brush during the five minutes allowed in the water, followed an hour after by a powder composed of powdered nitre, 8 grs. ; opium and ipecacu- anha, of each 1 gr. ; and succeeded, in half au hour later, by a basin Appendix to Medical Department. 207 of hot gruel — the patient, by immediately going to bed, and by extra clothes, endeavoring to get into a copious perspiration. When the bath is inconvenient, a pail of hot water should be carried to the bed- side, and when the invalid is undressed, the feet and as much of the legs as can be reached should be hastily plunged up and down three or four times in the hot water, till the limbs appear of a bright red ; the water being made as hot as it can be endui-ed without pain. The limbs are then to be hastily enveloped — undried — in a blanket, and the patient, getting into bed, just before lying down should drink half a pint of egg-flip. When the throat is particularly sore, a small piece of sal-prunello or of Spanish juice may, in addition to the other means, be placed in the moutli on finally lying down for the night. In most cases the above simple means will be found sufficient, if the water has been hot enough to cause a determination of blood to the feet, and predispose the bod}^ to the action of the powder, or the flip, on the skin. When the symptoms are aggravated, and do not yield to the first means, the feet should be immersed on the following evening in hot water, and the following powder taken before the gruel : Take of Dover's powder, 10 grs. ; antimonial powder, 4 grs. Mix. COLIC. — This is a spasmodic aflection of the bowels, especially of the colon. It begins with, great pain in the bowels, especially just under the navel, nausea, retching, and vomiting. The pain is of a sharp, twisting character, very distressing. This affection is caused by wind, disagreeing food, acrid bile, obstinate costiveness, worms, noxious metallic vapors, etc. Flatulent Colic. — Give a tea-cup of the anti-spasmodic tincture^ in a cup of peppermint tea; or a tea-spoon of Turkey rhubarb, and one of magnesia, with a pinch of cayenne pepper ; this will often aftord relief. Apply fomentations or friction to the abdomen. If the bowels are not operated upon, give castor oil, ]^ oz,; add also a simple injection. The Bilious Colic is more severe. It is known from the former by a bitter taste in the mouth, great thirst, fever, vomiting of bilious matter, headache, and great costiveness. The remedies must be the same, but stronger and brisker. The neutralizing mixture must not be forgotten ; give also the stimulating injection. Colic, Bilious. — Drink warm lemonade. I know nothing like it. Or, give a spoonful of sweet oil every hour. This cured one at the point of death. Colic. — Drink strong camomile and ginger tea; or, from 30 to 40 drops of oil of anise-seed; or, apply outwardly a bag of hot oats, or bran ; or, steep the legs in hot water; or, take as much Datty's Elixir as will purge. Very eft'ectual. Colic Ball for Horses. — Powdered opium, 3^ dr. ; Castile soap and camphor, of each 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 1 dr.; ginger, 1 dr. Make into a ball with licorice powder and molasses. If the horse is consti- pated as well, add to the ball 5 or 6 drops of croton oil. Colic. — There are few diseases attended with more pain and incon- venience than this comparatively harmless affection ; for though its symptoms are very urgent and even severe, colic very seldom proves fatal. Physicians have made almost as many varieties of colic, with a distinctive name to each variety, as there are sj'^mptoms to the dis- ease. Avoiding this unnecessary confusion of terms, we shall confine our remarks to common colic only. Causes of Common Colic— The exciting causes are extremely 2o8 Appendix to Medical Department, numerous, and may be either external or internal. Of the first, the sudden application of a wet or damp portion of clothing next the skin of the abdomen, cold or wet feet, or unbuttoning the coat when vio- lently lieated, and admitting cold air to the part, are among the most general of the external causes inducing this disease. The internal are either from partaliing of too much unripe or acid fruit, from an accumulation of undigested food in the stomach, acid drinks, an excess of bile in tlie system, crude vegetable aliment, the eating of poisonous fungi, worms, and from a long costive state of the bowels. Symptoms. — These consist of an enlarged condition of the lower part of the abdomen, with a retraction or drawing in of the navel, accompanied by an extremely painful twisting and twining motion of the bowels, with a rumbling, flatulent noise, sickness, and sometimes vomiting; and as the hardness and distension of tlie belly increases, cramps or spasms occur, either in the abdominal muscles, or in those of the thighs and lees. The only diseases with which colic can be confounded are cholera and inflamniation of the bowels. From the first it is distinguished by tlie absence of diarrhea; and from the last by the pain being relieved by pressure; and finally, from all painful affections of the abdomen, by the twisting pain at the navel. Treatment. — In all cases, and from whatever cause the attack has been induced, the first exertions should be directed to subduing the pain. For this purpose the feet should be plunged into hot water, and the front of the abdomen fomented with flannels wrung out of hot water and turpentine, and the following mixture, preceded by an assafoetida pill, given immediately : Take of spirits of camphor, 20 drops; laudanum, 40 drops; water, 1 oz.; mix, and add castor oil, 6 drs. Tlie whole to be taken at once. If the pain is not relieved witliin a reasonable time, an injection of half a pint of warm gruel, to which 1 dr. of tincture of assafoetida and 2 drs. of turpentine have been added, should, about two hours after the pill and oil, be thrown up the bowels, tlie fomentation con- tinued to the stomach, and the feet keot hot with heated bricks. When the pains and spasms are excessive, inflammation of the bowels may be apprehended, and, indeed, sometimes does ensue; in which case it is often necessary to bleed, tiiough the same result can be obtained, without tlie consequent debility, by giving doses of the following mixture till the pulse is reduced and the pain abated. Take of cam- phor water, 8 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; tartar emetic, 4 grs. ; laud- anum, 2 drs. ; mix. Two table-spoons to be given every hour for three doses, and repeated every four hours afterwards, if required. As soon as the colic pains have been subdued, it will be necessary to give either a dose of carbonate of soda, or magnesia and soda, if acid in the stomach has caused the. attack; a mild dose of colocynth pills if it has been from costiveness; or a blue and colocynth pill if from an excess of bile; or whatever remedy the primarj'^ cause of the disease may seem to call for. Colic is generally confined to that portion of the large intestine called the arch of the colon, and is purely a functional disorder. CHILBLAINS. — To cure chilblains, simply bathe the parts affected in the water in which potatoes have been boiled, as hot as can be borne. On the first appearance of this ailment, indicated by inflam- mation and irritation, this bath affords relief. In the more advanced stages, repetition prevents breaking out, followed by a certain cure; and an occasional adootion will prevent a return. Appendix to Medical Department, 209 Chilblains. — Take 1 oz. of white copperas; dissolve in a quart of water, and apply it occasionally to the affected parts. Let this be used before the chilblains break. Or, apply a poultice of roasted onions. Or, wash with a decoction of horse-radish made with vinegar and water. Or, with a little camphorated brandy. Or rub into them before the fire, a solution of white vitriol and sugar of lead. If the chilblains are broken it must not be used. Or, take lard, 2 ozs.; turpentine, 3^ oz. ; camphor, ^^ oz.; melted togetlier. If the parts liave been frost-bitten, keep from the fire; immerse the parts in snow or cold water; then apply brisk friction, and a little camphorated spirits. To ease the pain, apply an elm bark poultice, or a poultice made of wheat bran, soft soap, and table salt. Apply after- wards the black or healing salve. If unbroken, take sal-ammoniac, 1 oz.; vinegar, % pt«; bathe the part. Alum and salt will do, but not so effectually — mix in vinegar and water. If the chilblains are old, use the ''Stimulating Lini- ment." Chilblain Liniment. — One ounce of camphorated spirit of wine ; 3^ oz. of liquid sub-acetate. Mix, and apply in the usual way three or four times a day. Some persons use vinegar as a preventive; its effi- cacy may be increased by the addition of one-fourth of its quantity of camphorated spirit. Chilblain Lotion.— Get 1 dr. of sugar of lead ; 2 drs. of white vitriol ; reduce them to a fine powder, and add 4 ozs. of water. Before using this lotion, it is to be well shaken, then rubbed well on the parts affected, before a good fire, with the hand. The best time for applica- tion is in the evening. It scarcely ever fjiils curing the most inveterate chilblains by once or twice using. It is not to be used on broken chilblains. CONSTIPATION, COSTIVENESS.— A sluggish state of the lower bowel, causing the retention of the faeces. It is a very common disease. It may be caused by food hard to be digested, by ardent spirits which have a very constipating infiuence, and debilitate the lower bowel ; frequent excessive purges have the same effect. Sedentary employ- ments, the want of exercise, and fresh air, and not drinking water in sufficient quantity, lead to costiveness. It is often attended with many distressing symptoms, and is the cause of various dangerous diseases ; as piles, fistula, indigestion, hernia, colic, cholera. And it is also the effect of many diseases. Constipation is to be removed by an attention to diet, by adopting a vegetable diet, and by eating bread made of unsifted flour ; that is, no bran, sharps, etc., taken away. Also, by taking much exercise, and a more copious supply of diluents, especially toast and water. Make a regular habit of evacuating once a day at a fixed hour, and always make an effort whether successful or not. Assist the bowels by an injection of warm water, about half a pint; if very obstinate, add to the water a little castor oil. For several nights take one or two of the dyspeptic pill; or one or two of the following: Powdered aloes, jalap, gamboge, colocynth, extract of gentian, mandrake, cayenne pepper, of each % oz. ; castile soap, 3^ oz. ; oil of peppermint, % ^^- ^"^^^ well, and form into pills. It purges without grilling and weakening. Dose. — Two or three pills. Sulphur is a good remed}^ especially when there is a tendency to piles. If there is a deficiency of bile, take blood-root (which see,) with a little powdered dandelion root. The flesh brush, cold sponging, and the shower-bath, are excellent remedies. 2IO Appendix to Medical Depart7nent, Constipation or Costiveness. — Professor Phoibus, of Giessen, re- fers habitual costiveness to the followino: causes: The too spare use of articles of diet which promote the action of the bowels. Water is placed tirst. It is taken by many in insufficient quantity. In sedentary occupations the sensation of thirst !.« too sel- dom excited, and the habitual frequency of such sensation may be diminished if the satisfaction of the call be neglected. To this class of aliments belong fruits, salads, sour milk, honey, and fat. Manj'^ country people, who sell all their produce, eat little of these things, and the poorer inhabitants of towns get them in InsuflScient quantity. Those persons who can procure them, eat salads and fats in too small quan- tities. Too little bodily exercise. Want of exercise of the powers of the large intestine. This is the most influential of all the causes. It is an error to suppose that the power of the will extends only over the sphincter ; for it prevails much higher, only it requires more time for its exertion. Several minutes, or a quarter of an hour, may be re- quired to initiate the evacuatory movement. By exercising it, we in- crease the disposition of the intestine to act, but this is rarely the case in less than five minutes. Numerous remedies have been recommended for constipation ; but the action of medicinal substances in so chronic an affection may be- come prejudicial, especiallj'^ such as exert a cliemical action, as salts or drastics. If a stool is desired, the patient must earnestly practice the necessary gymnastic, which consists in alternate movements of the rectum as during actual evacuation, and in rapidly drawing in and then expanding the abdominal muscles. Such movements may be commenced in the chamber and completed in the closet, several min- utes, a quarter of an hour, or even more, being required. If evacua- tion has commenced, but has not proved productive enough, the movements must be continued, the person resolving not to quit the closet until the aim has been attained. The movements are the same as those normally employed ; but they are more rapid, and continued for a longer time. Kneading and rubbing the abdomen, may be use- ful but they are unnecessary ; and may be reserved for those not able to follow the above directions, such as children, etc. An adult should compel a stool every day. In from 4 to 8 weeks, a complete mastery may be acquired over the intestine, so that a stool may be always secured once in the 24 hours. This powerful agency acts more efficiently when conjoined with articles of diet favorable to an open state of the bowels. A large quantity of water will be more easily drank if at first carbonic acid gas be added. An adult, during winter, should take from 50 to 70 ozs. daily, (deducting from this the eqivalent of any artificial drinks he may take), a larger quantity still during great bodily exertion, and from 1^ to twice the quantity in a summer. When raw fruit gives rise to flatulence, it may be taken cooked with spices, and especially when dried and cooked. With greater regularity of stools, flatulence becomes less, the food being retained for a less time within the canal. Exercise is of great service; but it exerts no sudden ettect, and at first may even induce constipa- tion. Trying the plan upon himself when a student, the author has, during his 28 years of practice, recommended it to an immense num- ber of persons, and in the great majority of cases, with complete success. He has attained the power of procuring a daily stool at any convenient time between 4 o'clock a. m., and mid-day, the average time required being a quarter of an hour. Only on one occasion dur- Appendix to Medical Department 211 mg 30 years has he failed in his object. The plan is not so suitable for the aged; and is inapplicable to women during advanced pregMiancy, or in organic disease or prolapsus of the uterus. When from insuffi- cient perseverance the means does not succeed, cold water clysters form the best supplement ; and, exceptionally, salt and oil, with cam- omile tea, etc., may be thrown up. The author never gives purga- tives by the mouth in chronic constipation, believing it to be most impolitic to irritate the stomach and small intestines, disturbing chylo- poesis, and introducing into the blood materials that are always more or less injurious. CONSUMPTION.— The word is derived from the Latin verb coro- sumo, to consume or to waste away. It is also called phthisis, from the Greek verb phthio, to waste away. Consumption is the most fre- quent and most fatal of all pulmonary diseases. It often begins with a slight dry cough, so slight and painless as not to attract notice. By and by the cough increases, and expectoration gradually becomes copious, thick, yellow, and tinged with blood. Sometimes the appe- tite remains tolerable, but the breathing is more difficult, especially during and after bodily exertion, and the pulsation is become acceler- ated. There is a gradual emaciation of the body, debility, night sweats, interrupted rest, the hectic flush, or a bright scarlet spot on the cheek, especially after eating, tightness of the chest, and acute pains under the breast-bone. In the last stage emaciation rapidly increases, and the patient has alternations of hope and fear as to recovery. Hope, however, the most prevails. As to the treatment of consumption, Dr. Beach says, " If the pathol- ogy of phthisis consists in a diseased state of the blood, all former treat- ment is wrong, or very inefficient. We prescribe for the symptoms instead of the cause. If the elements of this disease circulate in the blood, as in scrofula, syphilis, and other complaints, and are thrown by the efforts of the system to the lungs, and these develop tubercles then is it not obvious that we must prescribe alteratives, or such medi- cines as will eradicate its moi'bid condition ? " It is evident from these rational remarks, that the nature of this disease, and that of others, depends upon a morbid and diseased condition of the blood. Hence then there must be an attempt to alter the quality of the blood. Remove all the causes which produced this disease, as obstructed perspiration, evacuations, and secretions, a cold and damp residence, insufficient warmth, and clothing, intemperance, venery, and self-polution; the last habit is the most prolific cause of consumption. In the first stage of consumption, special attention must be given to the skin and bowels, by adopting the vapor bath, stimulating lini- ments, (See "Stimulating Liniments,") and also injections, to equalize the circulation, reduce all feverish symptoms, and prevent night sweats. A medicated vapor bath is the best; which see. Put the patient to bed, and place to the feet and sides hot bricks wrapped in cloths dipped in vinegar, and half wrung out, and give an emetic; repeat this process once or twice a week, and sponge morning and evening with the aforenamed liniment, and occasionally in the morning with a decoction of poplar bark. Rub very dry with a towel. This will prevent night sweats. To improve the appetite, if bad, give the tonic bitters, (See "Tonic Bitters.") If the patient is constipated, give an injection of 3^ pint of warm water, or thin gruel, with a little butter, or sweat oil, or castor oil, adding 1 or 2 tea-spoons of tincture of myrrh. Sometimes a lax state of the bowels prevails; in that case give from 10 to 15 drops of laudanum; or mix finely pulverized char- 212 Appendix to Medical Department. coal, 2 parts, and magnesia, 1 part; a table-spoon occasionally, or give the neutralizing mixture ; which see. Let the cough syrup be taken 2 or 3 times a day, to promote expectoration, ease pain, etc. Let the patient's diet be light, nourishing, and easy of digestion. In cases of consumption, the celebrated Dr. Beach, very highly extols the use of sanguinaria canadensis, or blood-root. It is a sedative and alterative of great power; in reducing the pulsation it is superior to digitalis, and it does not debiliate at all. It promotes the secretions of the liver and therefore promotes the appetite; it is a powerful tonic and when it is taken properly nothing tends more to check morbific influence, to promote the secretions, appetite, and digestion, and to improve the muscular power, and facial appearance. In restraining spitting of blood, and especially in females where the menses are sub- stituted by the effusion of blood from the lungs, no medicine is so etficacious as blood-root ; (which see ) As to the benefit to be derived from cod liver oil, the matter is dubious. It is feeding, but not antiseptic. It may prevent, to some extent, emaciation; but to prevent the formation of tubercles, and, consequently, decay, it is a matter of doubt. Much benefit may be derived from gentle emetics, tonics, the irritating plaster ; (which see,) and for pain in the side the rheurrMtic liquid. Also constant fiesh air in a genial atmosphere. The following syrup is a fine expectorant and alterative : Blood-root, 4 ozs. ; bruise and simmer in a qt. of water, down to a pt. nearly; add 1 lb. of sugar; simmer again to form a syrup; and 3^ oz. of solution of iodine of iron; take a teaspoonful 2 or 3 times a day. Many have derived much benefit from tar water, and some have been completely cured by it. "In Dr, John William's Legacy to the TTorZd," this recipe is given — common tar, a table-spoon; honey, 3 table-spoons; 3 yolks of hen's egg; wine, 3^ pt. Mix and bottle for use. A tea-spoon 3 times a day. Should the bowels be extremely relaxed, take a grain of powdered alum and a grain of sulphate of iron, as a powder. This has per- formed wonders. Drink much barley water, taking occasionally 5 or 6 drops of tlie oil of anise-seeds to relieve the cough. Chlorodyne also affords mucli relief to a cough. With regard to climate for the consumptive it is not only as uni- form a climate as can be found that is wanted, but the same means of eradicating the disease as the patient had in his own country, but where he was prevented by fitful weather from making use of them. Occupation for his mind and body is essential to recovery. His object should be to remain as much as possible in the open air; to enjoy moderate daily exercise for several hours; to partake of a mixed and wholesome nourishing diet; to be refreshed by undisturbed repose during the night; to cleanse the body by daily ablutions; and to liave his mind diverted by new and cheerful scenery, from home longings, and from dwelling too much upon the nature of his malady. Dr. Richardson, in his treatise upon pulmonary consumption, says, " I shall recommend no particular place as a resort for consump- tives. It should be near the sea coast, and sheltered from the north- erly winds; the soil should be dry; the drinking water pure; the mean temperature about 60^, with a range of not more than 10'' or 15° on either side. It is not easy to fix any degree of humidity ; but extremes of dryness or of moisture are alike injurious. It is of importance, in selecting a locality, that the scenery should be enticing. Appendix to Medical Department, 213 so that the patient may be the more encouraged to spend his time out of doors in walking, or riding exercise ; and a town where the resi- dences are isolated and scattered about, and where drainage and cleanliness are attended to, is preferable to one where the houses are densely packed, however small the population. A sea-voyage is sometimes recommended in incipient consumption. This is often followed by a total suspension, or removal of the disease, in cases where it is judiciously recommended. Short voyages are often more injurious than beneficial. To a delicate person going out to India, a voyage around the Cape is of great benefit ; but the most serviceable voyage is one to Australia, New Zeeland, and back again. The great advantage is the enjoyment of a perpetual summer, which may be effected by leaving this country about the beginning or mid- dle of October, and returning before the cold weather sets in at the antipodes. Consumption.— One in a deep consumption was advised to drink nothing but water, and eat nothing but water gruel, without salt or sugar. In three months' time he was quite well. Tako no food but new buttermilk, churned in a bottle, and white bread. I have known this successful; or use as common drink, spring water and new milk, each 1 qt., and sugar candy, 2 ozs. ; or boil 2 handfuls of sorrel in 1 pt. of whey, strain it, and drink a glass thrice a dajr ; or turn a pt. of skimmed milk with ^ pt. of small beer. Boil in this whey about 20 ivy-leaves, and 2 or 3 sprigs of hyssop. Drink half over night, the rest in the morning. Do this if needful, for 2 months daily. This has cured in a desperate case. Tried ; or every morning cut a little turf of fresh earth, and laying down, breathe in the hole for a quarter of an hour; or take in for a quarter of an hour, morning and evening, the steam of white resin and bees- wax, boiling on a hot fire-shovel. This has cured one who was in the third stage of consumption; or take morning and evening a tea- spoon of white resin powdered and mixed with honey. This cured one in less than a month, who was near death ; or drink thrice a day 2 spoons of juice of water cresses. This has cured a deep consump- tion. In the last stage, suck a healthy woman daily. This has cured my father. For diet, use milk and apples, or water gruel, made with fine flour. Drink cider whey, barley water, sharpened with lemon juice, or apple water. So long as the tickling cough continues, chew well, and swallow a mouthful or two of biscuit or crust of bread twice a day. If you cannot swallow it, spit it out. This will always shorten the fit, and would often prevent a consumption. Consumption. — Useful Drink for. — Colt'sfoot, 2 ozs. ; horehound, rue, of each 1 oz. ; and blood-root, 3 drs. Boil in 3 qts. of water down to 2 qts. Strain, and to the liquor, add of figs and sugar, of each 4 ozs., and boil 15 minutes. Take a wine glass 3 or 4 times a day. CONYULSIONS.— In Children.— -They originate in some derange- ment or irritation of the bowels, stomach, brain, or from teething. Give an aperient, as magnesia and rhubarb, and a warm bath at about 90°, and apply to the head linen dipped in the water. The following powder is useful : Rhubarb in powder, 8 grs.; super-sulphate of potash, 12 gr§. Mix. Give also a little syrup of poppies. If aperients cannot be taken give a mild injection ; as a little epsom salts in barley gruel, with a little but- ter ; or a weak solution of salt and water, with a few drops of oil, or butter. Convulsions often arise from over-feeding; this must be avoided. 214 Appendix to Medical Department. If indigestible food has been taken, give an emetic, the wine of ipecac- uanha; or if the patient cannot be sufficiently roused from sleep, so as to take the emetic, tickle the back part of the mouth with a feather to produce the elfect. If the convulsions are obstinate, apply friction along the spine, when in the bath ; or out of it, rub the spine with an anodyne com- posed of 10 drops of laudanum, 10 drops of oil, and 6 drops of tincture of cayenne. Mustard plasters may be applied a minute or two to the legs and feet. If convulsions are caused by teething, the gums must be lanced a little. CHOLERA. — A compound of two Greek words, chole^ bile, and rem, to flow. Its literal meaning is, a discharge of bile. But the word cholera designates that dreadful Asiatic disease which is so very fatal. In this disease, the secretion of bile is suspended, and the evacuations are entirely free from it. Therefore there are two species of ciiolera — the English^ and the Asiatic. The English Cholera^ or Bilious Diarrhea, attacks suddenly, with nausea, purging and vomiting; sometimes painful colicky griping in the bowels. The evacuations arc thin and watery, and at last become very bilious, the color sometimes green, at other times approximating to black, indicating vitiated bile caused by unhealthy secretions during its passage through the alimentary canal. If the disease is not re- strained, the vomiting, retching, and spasmodic pain increases, accom- panied with cramp in the legs, and muscles of the abdomen. Coldness of tlie extremities, cold sweats, and fainting sometimes occur. Some- times this disease ends in death, especially with old and delicate subjects. But in this country it is seldom fiital. It is caused by intemperance, by a vitiated atmosphere, by eating unwholesome food, and unripe fruits. In the treatment of it, it is necessary to neutralize the acid, vitiated or acrid bile, and produce a determination to the surface. As soon as the symptoms appear, give the Neutralizing Mixtivre (which sec). If vomited, i-cpent the dose, and it will soon produce a benelicial efiect, subduing the irritation, nausea, vomiting, and passing through the alimentary canal, changing its con- tents to the most healthy state. It is useful to bathe the feet in hot water and salt, and when the disease is violent, to give a vapor bath ; and to check the vomiting, salt in vinegar or brandy. To allay the pain, foment the belly and breast with the following ; Cayenne pepper, J^ oz. ; spirits of wine, y^. P^* i vinegar, 1 gill. Simmer a few minutes; then add 1 tea-spoon of tincture of opium, and 2 table-spoons of turpentine. Apply flannels dipped in it warm to the stomach. Hops and cam- omile flowers simmered in vinegar, make an excellent fomentation. The drink should be toast and water. Milk thickened with arrow-root, tapioca, sago, or slippery elm, may be taken as food. In the Asiatic Cholera^ there is a total suppression of bile, and a profuse cold, clammy sweat over the body ; the cramps become fearful, the stomach and bowels are emptied by vomit, etc., and exhaustion becomes apparent, giddiness, deafness, sinking of the eyes and nostrils, blueness of the skin, lips and nails; weakness of voice, etc., are often fatal symptoms. To cure the same, as for English cholera, but more active. Give the Neutralizing Mixture ; and this injection : Bogberry, 3 drs. ; scuUcap, 1 dr.; slippery elm, 1 dr.; boiling water, 3^ pt. Infuse ten minutes ; then add 2 tea-spoons of tincture of myrrh, 8 drops of laudanum, and 1 tea-spoon of carbonate of soda. Appendix to Medical Department. 215 Foment as in English cholera, or with the Bheumatic Liniment. Apply as hot as possible. Apply also friction to the limbs; or apply hot briclis, wrapped in vinegar clotlis, to the feet, legs, and sides. Give a tea-spoon of the Anti-Cholera Drops every half hour. The following Anti-Cholera Mixture is a sovereign remedy : Tormentil root, 1 oz. ; bayberry bark, 1 oz. ; cayenne pepper, % oz. ; carbonate of soda, M o?'" Simmer forty minutes in 3 pts. of water, down to 1 qt. Strain, and add tincture of myrrh, 2 ozs., and 1 dr. ot camphor, dissolved in spirits of wine. xi ^ 4. • In the lirst attack of cholera, give a wme-glass; place the leet m hot salt and water, or mustard and water, and repeat the mixture every twenty minutes, and apply mustard plaster, and the hop poultice to the stomach Rub freely the cramped and drawn parts of the body with boiled cayenne pepper and vinegar; and the cflects will in most cases appear like magic. Such treatment has cured thousands upon thou- sands. _, ,.,11 Cholera in Infants is treated in the same way as English cholera, but in a milder and more restricted manner. , ,ni ^ -n • Cholera.-Its Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment.— The following clear and comprehensive description of the cholera symptoms, with the mode of treatment found most efficacious last year by the missionaries in Turkey, was contributed to the Christian Mirror a few mouths since by Dr. Hamlin, an American missionary of thirty or forty years standing, at Constantinople. We commend it to the public as the best article of the kind that has been published. So valuable indeed has it been regarded, tliat it has just been issued in a neat little pamphlet, iust large enough to go nicely into a pocket-book or a person s vest pocket, Henry Hoyt, of Boston, being the publisher m this lorm. it would be well for every one to keep a copy constantly with him dur- ing the cholera season, besides having the medicines prescribed where they will be readily accessible in case of need. Mr. Hamlin says : Having been providentially compelled to have a good degree of practical acquLintance with it, and to see it in all its forms and stages during each of its invasions of Constantinople, I wish to make lO my friends in America some suggestions which may relieve anxiety, or be of practical use. „ ., , i-, -u ^ a On the approach of the cholera, every family should be prepared to treat it without waiting for a physician. It does its work so expe- ditiously, that while you are waiting for the doctor it is done. If you prepare for it, it will not come. I think there is no disease which may be avoided with so much certainty as the cholera. But providential circumstances, or the thoughtless indiscretions of some member of a household may invite the attack, and the challenge will never be refused. It will probably be made in the night, your physi- cian has been called in another direction, and you must treat the case yourself or it will be fatal. , , . i 4. Causes op Attack.— I have personally investigated at least one hundred cases, and not less than three-fourths could be traced dii^ectly to improper diet, or to intoxicating drinks, or to both united. Ut the remainder, suppressed perspiration would comprise a large number. Astrono-, health3r, temperate, laboring man had a severe attack ot cholera, and after the danger had passed I was curious to ascertain the cause. He had been cautious and prudent in his diet. He used noth- ing intoxicating. His residence was in a good locality. But alter some hours of hard labor and very profuse perspiration, he had lam down to take his customary nap riglit against an open window, through 2i6 Appendix to Medical Department. which a very refresliing breeze was blowina. Another cause is drinking largely of cold water when hot and thirsty. Great f atifi^ue, great anx- iety, fright, fear, all figure among inciting causes. If one can avoid all these, he is as safe from the cholera as from being swept away by a comet. Symptoms of an Attack. — While cholera is prevalent in a place, almost every one experiences more or less disturbance of digestion. It is doubtless in part imaginary. Every one notices the slightest varia- tion of feeling, and this gives an importance to mere trifles. There is often a slight nausea, or transient pains, or rumbling sounds, when no attack follows. No one is entirely free from these. But when diarrhea commences, though painless and slight, it is in reality the skirmishing party of the advancing column. It will have at first no single characteristic of Asiatic cholera. But do not be deceived. It is tfie cholera^ nevertheless. Wait a little, give it time to get hold, say to yourself, *'I feel perfectly well, it will soon pass off," and in a short time you will repent of your folly in vain. I have seen many a one commit suicide in this way. Sometimes, though rarely, the attack commences with vomiting. But in whatever way it commences, it is sure to hold on. In a very few hours the patient may sink into the collapse. The hands and feet become cold and purplish, the countenance at first nervous and anx- ious, becomes gloomy and apathetic, although a mental restlessness and raging thirst torment the sufferer while the powers of life are ebbing. The intellect remains clear, but all the social and moral feel- ings seem wonderfully to collapse with the physical powers. The patient knows he is to die, but cares not a snap about it. In some cases, though rarely, the diarrhea continues for a day or two, and the foolish person keeps about, then suddenly sinks, sends for a physician, and before he arrives "dies as the fool dieth." Treatment. — For stopping the incipient diarrhea. — The mixture which I used in 1848 with great success, and again in 1855, has during this epidemic been used bj'' thousands, and although the attacks have been more sudden and violent, it has fully established its reputation for efficiency and perfect safety. It consists of equal parts by measure of (1) laudanum and spirits of camphor; (2) tincture of rhubarb. [Opii Tinctura, 1 dr.; Camphoraee Tinct., 1 dr.; Rhei Tinct., 3dr. ; Misce.] In an adult, 30 drops on a lump of sugar will often check the diarrhea. But to prevent its return, care should always be taken to continue the medicine every four hours in diminishing doses, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9, when careful diet is all that will be needed. In case the first does not stay tho diarrhea, continue to give in increasing doses 35, 40, 45, 60, at every movement of the bowels. Large doses will produce no injury while the diarrhea lasts. When that is chocked, then is the time for caution. I have never seen a case of diarrhea taken in season which was not thus controlled, but some cases of advanced diarrhea, and especially of relapse, paid no heed to it whatever. As soon as this becomes apparent, I have always resorted to this course : Prepare a tea-cup of starch boiled as for use in starch- ing linen, and stir into it a full tea-spoon of laudanum, for an injec- tion. Give one-third at each movement of the bowels. In one des- perate case, abandoned as hopeless by a physician, I could not stop the diarrhea until the seventh injection, which contained nearly a tea- spoon of laudanum. The patient recovered and is in perfect health. At the same time I used prepared chalk in 10-grain doses, with a few drops of laudanum and camphor to each. But whatever course is Appendix to Medical Department. 217 pursued it must be followed up, and the diarrhea controlled, or the patient is lost. Mustard Poultices. — These should be applied to the pit of the stomach, and kept on till the surface is well reddened. The patient, however well lie may feel, should rigidly observe perfect rest. To lie quietly on the back is one-half the battle. In that position the enemy fires over you, but the minute you rise you are hit. When the attack comes in the form of diarrhea, these directions will enable every one to meet it successfully. But when the attack is more violent, and there is vomiting;, or vomiting and purging, perliaps also cramps and colic pains, the follow- ing mixture is far more etfective and should always be resorted to. The missionaries Messrs. Long, Trowbridge and Washburn have used it in very many cases and with wonderful success. It consists of equal parts of laudanum, tincture of capsicum, tincture of ginger, and tincture of cardamon seeds. Dose. — 30 to 40 drops, or % a tea-spoon in a little water, and to be increased according to the urgency of the case. In case the first dose should be ejected, the second, whicli should stand ready, should be given immediately after the spasm of vomiting has ceased. During this late cholera siege, no one of us failed of controlling the vomiting and also the purging by, at most, the third dose. We have, however, invariably made use of large mustai-d poul- tices of strong, pure mus^tard, applied to the stomach, bowels, calves of the legs, feet, etc., as the case seemed to require. Collapse. — This is simply a more advanced stage of the disease. It indicates the gradual failing of all the powers of life. It is difficult to say when a case has become hopeless. At a certain point the body of the patient begins to emit a peculiar odor which I call the death odor, for when that has become decided and unmistakable, I have never known the patient to recover. I have repeatedly woiked upon such cases for hours with no permanent result. But the blue color, the cold extremities, the deeply sunken eye, the vanishing pulse, are no signs that the case is hopeless. Scores of such cases in the recent epidemic have recovered. In addition to the second mixture, brandy (a table-spoon every half hour), bottles of hot water suriounding the patient, especially the extremities, mustard plasters, and friction, will often in an hour or tsvo work wonders. Thirst. — In these and in all advanced cases thirst creates intense suffering. The sufferer craves water, and as sure as he gratifies the craving the worst symptoms return, and he falls a victim to the tran- sient gratification. The only safe way is to have a faithful friend or attendant, who will not heed his entreaties. The suttering may be, however, safely alleviated and rendered endurable. Frequent gurg- ling the throat and washing out the mouth will bring some relief. A spoonful of gum arable water, or of camomile tea, may frequently be given to wet the throat. "Sydenham's White decoction " may also be given, both as a bevei'age and nourishment, in small quaiitities, fre- quently. In a day or two tiie sullering from thirst will cease. In a large majority it has not been intense for more than 24 hours. i>iei.~ Rice-water, arrow-root, Sydenham's White Decoction, crust water, camomile tea, are the best articles for a day or two after the attack is controlled. Camomile is verj^ valuable in restoring the tone of the stomach. TJie Typlwid Fever. — A typhoid state for a few days will follow all severe cases. There is nothing alarming in this. It has very rarely 10 2i8 Appendix to Medical Department, proved fatal. Patience and careful nursing will bring it all right. The greatest danger is from drinking too freely. When the patient seemed to be sinliing, a little brandy and water or arrow-root and brandy have revived him. In this terrible visitation of the cholera, v/e have considered ourselves perfectly armed and equipped, with a hand-bag containing mixture No. 1, mixture iSTo. 2, (for vomiting, etc.,) a few pounds of powdered mustard, a bottle of brandy, a paper of camomile flowers, and a paper of gum arable. I lay no claim to originality in recommending tliis course of treat- ment, and have adopted it from suggestions of able and experienced physicians. Having been the only doctor of many poor families living near me, I have tried various remedies recommended, but 1 liave found none to be at all compared with the above. During the recent cholera I cannot find that any treatment has been so successful as this. Contagion. — The idea of conta^rion should be abandoned. All tlie missionaries who have been most with the most malignant cases day after day, are fully convinced of the non -contagiousness of the chol- era. The Incipient attacks which all have suffered from are to be attributed to great fatigue, making the constitution liable to an at- tack. DEATH, TESTS OF.— By this term is understood that condition of the animal frame when all the functions which constitute the mys- tery of life cease to act, and the organized tissues, no longer supported in their integrity by the vital stimulus, run rapidly into decay. Death is indicated by a universal coldness of the body; by a partially open mouth, closed eyelids, and sunken eyes; by an extreme pallor of the face, sometimes showing a yellow or greenish hue; by a lividity of the lips and orbits, and by an extreme flaccidity of all the joints. This suppleness of the joints, however, only endures for a very brief time, except in some cases of poisoning, being succeeded, in a period varying, according to circumstances, from two to six hours, by a gen- eral rigidity or stitfening of all the muscular fibres, and by a tension of the ligaments, by which the body becomes, in a measure, one firm and indurated mass. This remarkable rigidity, common to all animal fibre, is professionally known as the rigor mortis^ or the stiffening of death. As the fliaccidity which follows immediate dissolution is but of brief duration, being succeeded by stiffening, so the rigor mortis is also but of limited continuance, and though longer in its endurance than the first, in its turn gives way on the approach of decomposition, and as decay sets in, the rigid fibre gives place to the relaxed and clammy muscle, till final corruption leaves no vestige of the once tense corpse. The means that h?.ve been adopted to discover if anj^ spark of life remains in an apparently dead body consist in testing in various ways the respiratory powers, and the nervous susceptibility of the person supposed to be dead. The fiist consists in applying a very downy feather to the lips, or a looking-glass over tlie mouth. If one of the filaments of the teather is stirred, or the slightest obscura- tion or dimness is cast on the mirror, it is held to be an evidence that respiration still exists. Another test formerly known was placing the body on the back, and standing a glass brimful oi water on th^ ex- posed chest, and carefully noting if any motion in the fluid was per- ceptible, as the heaving of the chest, however slight, in the act of respiration, would agitate or displace the water. The fumes of strong ammonia held to the nose, and the tickling the nostrils with feathers, were also means at one time emplo3^ed to impart hope or to confirm the fears of the mourners. However ingenious such tests were, ana Appendix to Medical Department. 210 satisfactory in many cases, there are diseases of the nervons system where death is so closely simulated, that such means would fall to realize any favorable results. Among the most certain and reliable signs of death are— the firm- ness of the muscles of the fallen jaw; the drawn-in nostrils, and the livid hue mi the lips and around the eyes; and though in some cases of poisoning there is no rigor mortis, in general it may be regarded as infallible. When discoloration— the first sign of decomposition— sets in, all further fear of a premature interment may cease, and the body be safely buried ; these marks usually begin on the fingers, near the nails, and with the toes and feet. In cases of sudden death, where there are reasons to believe the case to be only one of suspended ani- mation, hot bottles are to be applied to the feet, legs, and arm-pits- heated tiles placed under the spine, and friction with the hand used over the body, with electricity, and such means adopted as are advised in Drowning (which see), Lightning, Starvation, Exposure to Cold etc. In such cases, the treatment must be persevered in for six, eight' or ten hours, and, as soon as convenient, either some weak brandy and water or beef tea thrown into the system by the stomach-pump or the enema syringe. A DIABETES.— Drink wine, boiled with ginger, as much and as often as your strength will bear. Let your drink be milk and water All milk meats are good ; or, drink three or four times a day a quarter of a pint of alum posset, putting 3 drs. of alum to 4 pts. of milk It seldom fails to cure in eight or ten days ; or, infuse % oz. of cantharides m a pmt of elixir of vitriol. Give from ten to thirty drops in Bristol water twice or thrice a day. DROPSY.— From the Greek, udor, water, and apsis, an appearance. It denotes the effusion of water, or rather serous fluid into any cavity of the body, or into the cellular tissues under the skin. It is indicated by distension of the belly, difficult breathing dry skin, immoderate thirst, a dry cough, swelling of the feet and legs deficient urine, and deficient perspiration. Dropsy is a symptom of disease, rather than itself a disease, and generally the original cause is a morbid change in one or more of the principal organs \)f the body the heart, liver, or kidneys. It is caused by a loss of vitality in the capillary exhalentsof the blood vessels, by which they are de])rived of their elasticity or contractility, consequent upon the loss of the electric fluid, or the nervous energy upon which their contractility chiefly depends; and from a deficiency of iron in the blood. Give a vapor bath made of bitter herbs. (See " Vapor Bath ") Drmk the Composition Powder tea, sweetened. Give diuretics, and a pill made of cayenne, colocynth and rhubarb; and also the Diuretic Infustori. Keep up the perspiration when deficient; and foment the body daily with the Stimulating Liniment. The compound extract of jalap is very effective in evacuating the water; or, mustard 1^ oz • jumper berries, milkweed root, horse radish root ; black alder bark' mandrake root, bitter-sweet bark, of each, 1 oz. Bruise them, and mluse m 6 qts. of hot water, adding the juice of a lemon. A win e glass two or three times a day; or, take as much as lies upon a sixpence of powdered laurel leaves, every second or third day. It works both ways • or, make tea of roots of dwarf elder. It works by urine. Every twelve or fourteen minutes (that is, after every discharge) drink a tea-cup. I nave known a dropsy cured by this in twelve hours' time; or, one was ourea by taking a drachm of nitre, every morning, in a little ale; or rar-water drank twice a day has cured many; so has an infusion of 220 Appendix to Medical Department, juniper berries, roasted, and made into a Hqnor like coffee ; or, three spoons of the juice of leeks, or elder leaves. — Tried. This cured the windy dropsy ; or, half a pint of decoction of butcher's broom, (inter- mixing purges twice or thrice a week.") The proper purge is ten grains of jalap with six of powdered ginger. It may be increased or lessened according to the strength of the patient ; or, of the decoction of the tops of oak boughs. This cured an inveterate dropsy in lifteen days; or, take senna, cream of tartar, jalap, 3^ oz, of each. Mix them and take a drachm every morning in broth. It usually cures in twenty days. This is nearly the same as Dr. Ward's powder ; he says it seldom fails, either in the watery or windj'^ dropsy. — Eev. John Wesley. DYSENTERY, OR BLOODY FLUX.— From the Greek, dus, pain- ful, and enteron, the bowels. It is inflammation of the mucous mem- brane of the largo intestines, especially the colon. It is attended by frequent bloody stools, straining, nausea, long attempts at evacuation, and often great pain. There is loss of appetite, strength, and great lowness of spirits. The evacuations increase, and become more foetid. It often ends in death. It is caused by obstructed perspiration, morbid humors, unwholesome diet, night air, damp beds, wet clothes, intemp- erance, and infection, in close habitations, prison cells, etc. It is very prevalent in tropical climates. To cure., give gentle emetics ; and mild purgatives, if needful. The *' Neutralizing Mixture,"(which see) is of great efficacy — a table-spoon per hour. It will neutralize the acidity of the stomach, relieve the spasms, etc., and effect a wondrous change. Should inflammation continue, give an injection; as, milk, ^ pt; mucilage of slippery elm bark, i^ pt. ; treacle, }£ pt.; olive oil, 3^a wine glass; and a tea-spoon of salt. This affords great relief. Keep up a gentle perspiration liy the Sudorific Powders, or by the application of hot bricks, as before stated. See also "Diaphoretic Powder." If there be local pain, foment with a decoction of vinegar, hops, tansj^, horehound, and catnip. Give warm diluents, and mucilaginous drinks, and if putresence appears give yeast in a decoction of logwood. The following has been recom- mended : Prepared chalk, }/^ dr. ; compound powder of gum dragon, 2^ drs. ; ai-omatic confection, 1 dr.; tincture of catechu, and of kino, 2 drs. each; laudanum, 3^ dr. ; aromatic spirit of ammonia, 13^ drs. ; and cinnamon water, 3 or4ozs. Dose, — Two table-spoons every three hours. Or, simmer 1 oz. of blackberry root bark, and 2 ozs. of rasp- berry leaves in a quart of water for 40 minutes, strain and add 13^ ozs. of tincture of myrrh, and a little sugar. Take a wine glass every half hour. It seldom fails. Butter just churned is said to be a sure cure ; it must be unsalted, and clarified over the Are. Two table-spoons several times a day. DIA.RRG£Ao — From the Greek, dia^ rheo, to flow through. It is an undue relaxed state of the bowels, as induced by improper food, drunkenness, cold; or it may be a symptom cf another disease, as consumption, etc. The "Neutralizing Mixture" will be found eflGicaciousin this com- plaint ; or, take a tea-spoon of " Composition Powder,'' and one of tincture of myrrh, and keep the patient warm. The following are good remedies: To 1 qt. of blackberry juice add 1 lb. of white sugar, 1 table-spoon of cloves, 1 of allspice, 1 of cinnamon, and 1 of nutmeg. Boil all together fifteen minutes; add a wine glass of whisk}'-, brandy, or rum. Bottle while hot, cork tight and seal. This is almost a specific in Appendix to Medical Department, 221 diarrhea. Dose. — A wine glass for an adnlt — half for a child — will often cure diarrhea. Take three or four times a day if the case is severe; or, confection of catechu, 2 drs. ; cinnamon water, 4ozs. ; syrup of white poppies, 1 oz. ; mix together. One or two table-spoons to be taken twice or thrice a da.y as required; for children under ten years of age, a dessert-spoon to be used; under two years, a tea-spoon, also two or three times a day, as above stated. Draught for Diarrhea. — Take tincture of opium, 30 drops; pre- pared chalk, 2 drs. ; powdered gum, 4 drs. ; tincture of catechu, 2 drs.; rose water, 2 ozs. Mix, and take a table-spoon three or four times a day ; or, fill a small basin with dry flour, tightly cover it with a greased cloth; boil it three hours. Then let it cool. For use, grate a dessert- spoon of it into peppermint water ; more for an adult. Or, make a strong tea of blackberry leaves, or raspberry leaves. I have known the latter superior to all physicians. Follow it with a little port wine, grated nutmeg and ginger. Or, take of poplar bark, y^ oz. ; prickly ash berries, ,^ oz.; fleabane, 3^ oz. ; slippery elm, 1 dr. ; pour on them a pint of boiling water; infuse two or three hours. Tonics must be given after the cessation of the relax. Sure Cure for Diarrhea. — A con-espondent of the Country Gentle- man presents a remedy for diarrhea which he never knew to fail for the past tvventy-tive years of its use in his family. It is simply a dose of laudanum and oil (a table-spoon of castor oil with twenty drops of laudanum in it). The laudanum acts as an astringent, and the oil heals and carries oft' the effect of the disease. Diarrhea, or a looseness of the bowels, is an affection to which every age, sex, and condition is liable, and when not excited by sudden clianges of the weather, or the exposure of a hot body to wet or cold, is most frequently induced by some acid or indigestible substance taken into the stomach; and though common to all seasons of the year, is far more prevalent in the autumn than at any other period of the twelve months showing tliat it is frequently due as much to atmospheric in- fluences as to partaking in excess of fruit, vegetables, or cucumbers — the articles most generally accused of producing the disease. That noxious gases, bad drainage, and imperfect ventilation are prolific ex- citing causes of diarrhea is now universally admitted, and whenever practicable, such measures should be adopted for correcting those causes as will, tor a season at least, render them inoperative for mischief. The sj'niiitoms of diarrhea are a weight and uneasiness in the lower part of the abdomen, accompanied with griping more or less severe; tlatulence, succeeded by frequent feculent evacuations, and often attended with nausea and vomiting, great thirst, a white coated tongue, dry skin, and cold feet. Treatment.— In general, diarrhea is easily relieved by taking a mild aperient, especially a moderate dose of castor oil, and when the griping is severe, from 20 to 25 drops of laudanum with it. When, however, this does not check tlie evacuations, and as, when unrelieved, diarrhea is apt to degenerate into cholera, it becomes necessary to adopt some dii-ect practice. The vomiting is to l)e cliecked by effer- vescing draughts, with or without brandy, hot water to the feet, and a tea-spoon of tincture kino in a wine glass of water, every hour, for two or three times, oi-tili the bowels are checked in their action; or a dose of the following mixture can be substituted every quarter or half hour. Take of carbonate of ammonia, % dr. ; prepared chalk, 6 drs.; extract of catechu, 1 dr.; peppermint water, 6 ozs. ; spirits of sal volatile, 1 dr. Mix, and give two table-spoons, as directed above. 22 2 Appendix to Aledical Department. When there is much pain, 1 dr, of laudanum is to be added to tlie mixture. As small a quantity of liquid as possible should be taken, but as much boiled rice or rice pudding eaten as the stomach will digest with comfort ; hard eggs are also of service; vegetables, how- ever, fruits, broths, or any liquid potation — except a small quantity of Brandy and water, if required — must be strictly avoided. It must be borne in mind, that the above doses are designed for adults; that unless specially ordered in our prescriptions, opium or laudanum are never to be given to children ; and that the quantity of kino or chalk mixture must be regulated according to their ages. When the diarrhea has been subdued, care must be taken, in returning to the ordinary diet, that the stomach is not overloaded, especially by hard and indigestible meat, or by flatulent vegetables ; and if there is any pain or indigestion, two spoons of infusion of camo- mile, in which 10 grs. of carbonate of soda have been dissolved, should be taken twice a day for a few times, till the stomach recovers its tone, when, if requisite, a compound colocynth pill may be taken to cleanse the alimentary canah See " Cholera," " Dysenteiy.'' For the diarrhea of children, see " Infants, Diseases of." DirHTHERIA. — *'I have had the treatment of several cases, and have uniformly been successful; the remedy is very simple. It is the external application of water to the throat, at degrees of temperature alternating from the highest that the human skin will bear, down to almost zero. I am prepared to verify that by proof. A. Henderson, M.E.C.S., Eng. 13, Upper Seymour St., Portman Square, London, 1858. M. Eoche mentions in IP Union Medicale that he had saved six patients in six cases of diphtheria by the following mode of treatment. The false membranes were first freely cauterized with lunar caustic, and injections then made every hour against the fauces with a solution of common salt, the strength of the solution being such as not to create nausea. Chlorate of potash was also given internally; and tincture of iodine as a topical application, was used in half the cases; but M. Roche considers that the irrigations with the solution of common salt were the chief agents in the case. Diphtlieria — Remedy for. — Make two small bags to reach from ear to ear, and lill them with wood ashes and salt; dip them in hot water, and wring them out so that they will not drip, and apply them to the throat; cover up the whole with a flannel cloth, and change them as often as they become cool, until the throat becomes irritated, near blistering. For children it is necessary to put flannel cloths be- tween the ashes and the throat to prevent blistering. When the ashes Imvo been on a suflicient time take a wet flannel cloth and rub it with Castile soap until it is covered with a thick lather; dip it in hot water, and npply it to the throat, and change as they cool; at the same time use a gargle made of one tea-spoon of cayenne pepper, one of salt, one of molasses, in a tea-cup of hot water, and when cool, add one-fourth as much cider vinegar, and gargle every 15 minutes, until the patient requires sleep. A gargle made of castile soap is good to be used part of the time." A correspondent in Maine, in sending the above remedy, says there had been a number of deaths from diphtheria until this remedy was used, since then all had recovered. Diphtheria. — A gentleman who has administered the following remedy for diphtheria says that it has always pioved effectual : Take a tobacco pipe, place a live coal in the bowl, drop a little tar upon the coal, and let the patient draw smoke into the mouth and discharge it through the nostrils. Safe and simple. Appendix to Medical Department, 223 Diphtheria— Specific for.— The Italian journals publish a letter from Dr. Giovanni Calligara, describing the reinarliable success whicli has attended his treatment of diphtlieria with phenic acid. He relates the losses he formerly experienced among his patients when treating them with emollients, solvents, and cauterization with hydro-chloric acid, and observes that this cauterization can no more eradicate the morbid principle than tearing the leaves off a plant will destroy the root. He now simply uses a gargle of phenic acid and distilled water, with external applications of new flannel; the food and drink to be taken cold. After the adoption of this treatment, Dr. Calligara lost but one patient out of fifty-eight. He requested the Italian journals to publish this discovery. Phenic acid is the agent which is now being used in this country as a remedy for cancer, and seems likely to affect an immense saving of lives formerly hopelessly sacrificed to that disease. DEAFNESS.— Take three drops of sheep's gall, warm, and drop it into the ear on going to bed. The ear must be thoroughly syringed with warm soap and water in the morning. The gall must be applied for three successive nights. It is only efficacious when the deafness is produced by cold. The most cojivenient way of warming the gall is by holding it in a silver spoon over the flame of a candle. The above remedy has been frequently tried with perfect success. Deafness. — Fox-glove leaves well bruised; mix the juice with double the quantity of brandy. Keep for use. Drop one drop into the ear once a day, and place in the ear constantly a piece of cotton saturated with it. Or, clean the ear well out with warm water, dry it, and then soak cotton in glycerine, and put it into the ear, moving it backward and forward, to lubricate it thoroughly. Or, syringe the ears well with warm milk and oil ; then take opodeldoc, and oil of almonds, of each, 34 oz., and apply with cotton wool. Or, fill a clean stone bottle with hot water; lay the ear on the bottle as hot as it can be borne, so that the steam may ascend into it every night when going to bed, for five or ten minutes. Or, take fine black wool, dip it in camphorated oil, and put it into the ear; as it dries, dip it again; and keep it moistened in the ear for two or three weeks. Be electrified through the ear. Or, put a little salt in the ear mixed with sweet oil. Or, three drops of onion juice at lying down, keeping it in with wool. Or, mix brandy and sweet oil; dip black wool in this and put it into the ear. When it grows dry, wash it well in brandy; dip it and put it in again. If attended with headache, peel a clove of garlic, dip it in honey. Apply it with black wool. Previ- ously drop into the ear a few drops of the juice. A mixture of 10 drops of spirit of turpentine with 1 oz. of almond oil, using black wool, will tend to the cure of deafness arising from diseased cerumin- ous glands. If deafness arises from wax, syringe the ear with warm water, applying the night before a little glycerine. Deafness Cured by Ether, — A poor French governess, Mad'lle Cleret, has succeeded in partially curing several persons afflicted with deafness and loss of speech. The French Academy have awarded the Monthyon Prize for the discovery, which has been proved innocuous. The method consists in introducing sulpiiuric ether into the aural con- duit, in doses of 2 to 8 drops a day for twenty days, when the applica- tion is suspended for a short time, and again commenced. A gunner's mate, aged 51, had been attacked six months before with acute rheu- matism, which became chronic and complicated, with deafness in the 224 Appendix to Medical Department* left ear, and difficulty of hearlno; in the rio^ht one. There was fre- quent sino:ing in both ears, and the deafness increased or diminished with the rheumatic pains. At tlie first, a few drops of ether were instilled into both his ears, when he immediately experienced a feeling of expansion witliin, with a slight pain, and from that moment he could distinguisli sounds less confusedly. On the following morning he declared he could hear with his right ear quite as well as before his illness; the installation was therefore only repeated in the left ear, and on the fourth day he declared himself quite cured. Another case, similar to this, is reported by Dr. Berlemont, of Joncourt; and Dr. Coursier, of Hounecourt, announces that he has been treating six patients, between five and fifteen years of age, for some time with ether, to their manifest advantage. An eminent physician says : " Take sassafras oil, 5 drops ; sweet oil. 3^ oz. Mix, and drop into the ear once or twice a da3^" He says that this seldom fails. Or, saturate a little cotton wool with tincture of lobelia, and insert twice a day. DELIRILM TREMENS.— This is the disease of drunkards, and those who take narcotics, as opium, etc. It may be called "the hrain fever of drunkards.'''' The person is tremulous, has nausea, vomiting, and wakefulness, restlessness; he raves, and imagines snakes, demons, etc., are about him. This disease doubtless arises from extreme stimu- lus of the brain. To Cure. — First allay the paroxysm, calm and support the nerv- ous system, by giving brandj-^ and other spirits. The redness of the face, and the pulsation of the arteries, heart, etc., indicate determina- tion of blood to tlie head. Equalize the circulation by bathing the feet and legs in warm lye-water; tlien apply mustard plasters to the feet and nape of the neck. Give a purge; and now and then a cup of valerian, scullcap, or strong hop tea, or from 10 to 20 drops of laud- anum. Emetics are very useful, and may be given in the same kind of spirits the patient has been accustomed to take. A strong decoction of wormwood is successfully used in hospitals. EYES, WEAK ANll SORE.— Sulphate of zinc, 3 grs. ; tincture of opium, 10 drops; water, 2 ozs. To be applied three or four times a day. Eye, Blood-Shot. — Apply linen rags dipped in cold water for two or three hours. Or, apply boiled hyssop as a poultice. Very effica- cious. — Wesley. Eye- Bright. — This plant is useful in affections of the eyes, as it improves the vision, especially in old age. (See Rohinsori's Herbal.) Eyes, Bruised. — Frequently bathe in water with a little carbonate of soda dissolved in. Or, apply bread poultices pretty warm; change often. Or, foment with a decoction of stramonium leaves, and then bind them ou the eye. Or use slippeiy elm poultices. Eye-Salve«— White or yellow wax, % oz.; red precipitate, 3 drs. ; prepared tutty, or pure zinc powdered, 1 dr.; lard, 4 ozs. Melt and mix. Add \% drs. of camphor dissolved in oil. Eyes, Intiiimmation of. — Mix bread crumbs with the white of an Gg^, 3 drops of laudanum, 3 drops of brandy, and a very little salt. Apply in a bag of thin soft linen or muslin. It is better to apply it at night, when lying down. It always aflbrds relief. Drink also eye- bright tea, and wash the eves with it. Eye, Films.— Mix juice of eye-bright and juice of ground ivy with a little honey, and 2 or 3 grs. of bay salt. Drop it in, morning and evening. I I Appendix to Medical Department, 225 Eye, Hot Hnmors.— Apply a few drops of double refined sugar melted in brandy. Or, boil a handful of bramble leaves with a little alum in a quart of sprino^ water, to a pint. Drop this frequently into the eye. This likewise s^Deedily cures cancers or any sores. Eye, or Eyelids Inflamed. — Apply as a poultice, boiled, roasted or rotten apples warm. Or, wormwood tops with the yolk of an ^^^. This will hardly fail. Or, beat up the white of an ^^^ with two spoons of white rose water into a white froth. Apply this on a fine rag, changing it so that it may not giow dry till the eye or eyelid ia well. Tried. Or, dissolve 1 oz. of fine gum arable in 3 spoons of spring water; put a drop into the inner corner of the eye, from the point of a hair pencil, four or five times a day. At the same time take as much salt- petre as will lie upon a sixpence, dissolved in a glass of water, three or four times a day; abstaining from all liquors till cured. White bread poultices applied to the eyes in an infiamed state often occasion blindness. Eyelid, Removing" foreig-n bodies from beneath the. — M. Renard, in the case of small bodies which become entangled beneath the upper eyelid, reconniiends the following simple procedure, which will often dispense with all others : Take hold of the upper eyelid near its angles with the index linger and thumb of each hand, draw it gentlj'- forward and as low down as possible over the lower eyelid, and retain it in this position for about a minute, taking care to prevent the tears from flowing out. When, at the end of this time, you allow the eye- lid to resume its place, a flood of tears washes out the foreign body, which will be found adhering to, or near to, the low^er eyelid. Eye Poultice. — Stir 2 drs. of powdered alum in the powdered whites of two eggs till a coagulum be formed. Place it between a piece of soft linen rag, and apply it. Very applicable for inflamed eyes attended with a purulent discbarge, and for chilblains. Eyes, Good for the. — To give brilliancy to the eyes, shut them early at night, and open them early in the morning; let the mind be constantly intent on the acquisition of benevolent feelings. This will scarcely ever fail to impart to the eyes an intelligent and amiable ex- pression. Eye-Sight, To Preserve.— Never sit long in absolute gloom^ or exposed to a Unze of Wjkt. Avoid redding small print. Do not strain the ej^es by looking at minute objects. Do not read in the dusk, nor by candle-light or gas-light, if the eyes be disordered. Do not peimit the eyes to gaze on glaring objects, as the sun, or bright daylight, especially on opening the eyes in the morning. Do not let the curtains, walls, etc., be white; green is the best for curtains, etc. Avoid much exposure to cold easterly winds; especially avoid intemperance, and excessive venery, which are awfully destructive to eye-sight. Eye Water. — Boil lightly 1 spoon of white copperas, and 3 spoons of salt, in 3 pts. of spring water. When it is cold, bottle it without straining. Put a drop or two in the eye morning and evening. It takes away redness and soreness; it cures pearls, rheums, and often blindness. If it makes the eye smart, add more water to it. Another. — Stamp and strain ground ivy, celandine, and daisies, an equal quantity; add a little rose- water and loaf sugar. Drop a drop or two at a time into the eye; it takes away all the inflammation, smarting, itching, spots, webs, etc. Or take 2 table-spoons each of brandy, and rain water, and about 226 Appendix to Medical Department. the size of a horse-bean of camphor. Dissolve the last in the first. Valuable. Eje Water. — Take of white vitriol, 10 grs. ; rose, or elder-flower water, 8 ounces. Mix. Eye Water. — Half a pint of the best brandy, 2 pts. of spring water, and sugar of lead, 1 oz.; mix. This is a good eye water. Or, take 6 ozs. of rectified spirits of wine, dissolve in it 1 dr. of camphor, then add 2 small handfuls of dried elder flowers; infuse 34 hours. Bathe the forehead, over your eyes, and each temple, several times a day; meantime, dip a soft rag in stale small beer, new milk warm, and bathe each eye a few times gently, morning and evening. If it is a waterj'^ humor, wet the eyelids two or three times, but be sure to shut your eyes, or it will make them smart and burn excessively. It is also a good remedy for the toothache, or swelled face, bruises, etc., used as a rubefacient. Eyes, Weak. — May be relieved by washing them in cold water; or dissolve 4 grs. of sugar of lead, and crude sal-ammoniac, in 8 ozs. of water, to whicli add a few drops of laudanum. With this mixture bathe the eyes night and morning. Rose-water is also good for the eyes. If lime gets into the eyes, a few drops of vinegar and water will dissolve and remove it. Almond or olive oil will do away with any hot fluid that may reach the eye. Btyes should be bathed with warm water, and it is as well to take an aperient. A little ointment of cit- ron and spermaceti may be used when the sty is broken. FACE BURNINGr. — It arises from acidity of the stomach. Take 1 or 2 tea-si)oons of magnesia in milk. FAINTIXU FITS. — Remove the patient to the open air, and lay him in a horizontal position, with nothing tight left upon him. Should the case be obstinate, immerse the feet and legs in warm water, and apply spirits of hartshorn to the nostrils; and give a few drops in a glass of water, or hot brandy and water. FELON, OU WHITLOW.— A very painful inflammation of the fingers, thumb, or hand. A whitlow resembles a felon, but it is not so deeply seated. It is often found at the root of the nail. Immerse the diseased finger in strong lye as long and as hot as can be borne several times a day. Constantly poultice it with a mixture of strong lye and elm bark, or elm bark and powdered linseed, and one poppy head softened in the lye. Or steam it well with the bitter herbs, which may be used several times; about twenty minutes at a time. Continue till well, or when it begins to suppurate; then will appear a white spot, which, when fully ripe, may be opened with a tine needle. Should gangrenous matter appear, apply a little vegetable caustic (which see). Apply the black salve, to heal it. Keep the bowels open, and take now and then the composition powder. EAR-ACHE. — Place in the ear cotton wool moistened with sweet oil and laudanum. A flannel bag of salt, or camomile flowers, made very hot and applied to the ear at bed-time, will often give relief. Or, wet a rag with laudanum, and cover the ear with it. A bag of hops, a roasted onion, and hartshorn and oil, are household remedies. If it arises from heat, frequently apply wet cloths. If from cold, boil rue, or rosemary, and steam the ear through a funnel. Ear- Ache.— Rub the ear hard for a quarter of an hour. Tried. Or, be electrified. Or, put in a roasted fig, or onion, as hot as may be. Or, blow the smoke of tobacco strongly into it. But if the ear- ache is caused by an inflammation of the uvula, it is cured in two Appendix to Medical Department 227 or three hours by receiving into the mouth the steam of bruised hemp-seed boiled in water. — Wesley. Ear- Ache, from Worms. — Drop in warm millv, which brings them out. Or, juice of wormwood, wliich kills them. Ear- Ache, Indian Cure for. — Take a piece of thelean of mutton, the size of a lararates or falls off". To guard against the danger of frost-bites, the inhabitants of very cold countries, as the Russians and Esquimaux, cover both the cartilage of the ear and the nose. Symptoms. — A frost-bite is known by the swelling and discolora- tion, attended with pain, numbness, and a sense of pricking in the part, the color passing from a bright red till it becomes actually black. Sometimes, however, beyond a slight degree of heat, and itching, which soon passes off", the person is unconscious of the danger that is taking place, till too late to save the doomed part. Treatment. — The means employed in the treatment are extremely simple, but upon their slow and cautious use depends the entire chance of restoring the part or member to life; for should the temperature be too quickly raised, or the circulation too suddenly restored, the perfect mortification the means are intended to avert will be certain to follow, when all exertion is hopeless. For this purpose, the part must be slowly rubbed with snow, or bathed with cold water, either in the open air or in a cold room, far removed from fire or warmth. After half an hour of such steady employment of the snow or water, two or three tea-spoons of weak brandy and cold water are to be given, the process continued a little longer, a little more spirits and water admin- istered, and the patient finally put to bed in cold sheets, and in a cold room. When the whole body has been rendered insensible by intense cold, as is sometimes the case in crossing the Alps, and in severe win- ters even in this country, the same treatment is to be adopted ; but instead of rubbing a part only, the whole body must be rubbed with snow, till the friction of several pairs of hands induces some return to sensibility. As soon as that is effected, the body is to be carefully dried, and again rubbed with flannel; an enema of salt and water, with a small quantity of turpentine, is to be thrown into the bowels; the patient put to bed in cold sheets, and in a room without a fire ; a Appendix to Medical Department, 229 few spoons of gruel, with a little brandy, being given almost cold, as soon as he can swallow; and this, or weak wine and water, gradually and at long intervals given to him, the utmost care being taken to avoid exciting sudden reaction, headache, or fever; as most serious evils will occur should they be induced by hasty or powerful stimu- lants. GOITRE, OR BROJ^CHOCELE, as the general enlargement of the thyroid gland of the throat is variously called, according to the coun- try or locality in which the disease is prevalent. The CAUSES of this unsightly deformity are far from being satis- factorily understood. By some it has been assigned to drinking snow water; by others, to water loaded with lime and magnesia; but it has been found epidemic in localities where neither of these circumstances prevail. It more frequently attacks females than males, and, though present from early life, seldom becomes greatly enlarged till the person has turned forty ; cases, however, not unfrequently occur where it ad- vances from the age of puberty, and in a few years attains a consider- able size. Those most frequently attacked with goitre are persons of a phlegmatic temperament. Treatment. — Before commencing the treatment of this disease, a piece of tape should be first passed around the neck, and the exact size of the swelling and throat taken; the measure being put aside, that it may be used every month to test the progress of the cure, by showing how much less is the girth of both. As iodine is the chief remedy on which any reliance can be placed, it must be used both externally and internally at the same time, though in different preparations. Iodine Ointment. — Take of camphor, 1 dr. ; iodine, "% dr. ; spirits of wine, 10 drops (to powder the camphor); white ointment, 1 oz. Mix. A small piece of this ointment is to be rubbed steadily and effect- nally all over the tumor every night before going to bed, a warm bran poultice being laid over the whole to induce absorption. A poultice should also precede the use of the ointment, so as to relax and open the pores of the skin. Mixture. — Take of hydriodate of potass, 1 dr.; infusion of gentian, 8 ozs. ; tincture of ginger, 3 drs. Mix. One table-spoon to be taken four times a day. Every fourth day the ointment should be intermitted for two days, to allow the skin to recover from the friction. Some practitioners paint the tumor with the tinctui'e of iodine; but the benefit of friction^ with the stimulating properties of the camphor, add so much to the benefit of the treatment, that we have no hesitation in recommending the ointment as the best means. Throe months' steady employment of the above remedies will generally reduce the gland to an almost natural appearance. GANGRENE. — The partial death of a part; the preliminary stage to mortification, or the absolute death of a part. . The CAUSES of gangrene are very numerous. It may arise from any excessive inflammatory action, from extreme cold, great bodily prostration, from severe blows, wounds, and accidents, and, indeed, from any cause that greatly depresses the vital powers; it also arises spontaneously in persons advanced in life, showing itself in the feet or toes, and, among the aged peasantry, is a very frequent cause of death. 230 Appendix to Medical Department. Symptoms. — Swelling, more or less extensive, loss of warmth in the part, a diminution of all pain; a bluish hue settles on the cuticle, which gradually deepens into a purplish brown; the discharge, if any, ceases, there is a loss of all sensation, the skin is raised into vesicles, or blisters, which break, and a thin, fetid, ichorous discharge escapes. From this time the cuticle undergoes another change, and becomes of a j^ellowish green; the pulse is quick, small, and feeble; a low, hectic fever supervenes, the patient rambles in his talk, delirium follows, and hiccup for an hour or two i^recedes death. Gangrene never attacks a limb or part where the circulation is strong, but those places where it is most languid, and remote from vigorous action. When it attacks the point of the great toe, it gradually advances over the whole member : the others next become involved, and then the foot, when extending up the limb, destroying all to the center as it spreads, till, reaching a spot where the circulation is strong, some lymph is thrown out from the healthy side in a complete circle around the part, cutting off all access, and drawing a line of demarkation between the living and the dead flesh. Were the limb now left alone, the gangrenous extremity would, after a short time, drop ofl as evenly as if it had been amputated. Treatment. — This, to be at all effective, must begin before the vesicles rise, or sensation is lost in the part. The lirst efforts must be directed to raising the temperature of the skin, by a succession of warm, soft poultices, placing bottles of hot water in the bed, and by the employment of warm, diffusible stimulants to the system, so that, by rousing the circulation, the blood may be propelled with greater energy to the affected limb; a generous diet, with wine, bark, quinine, and opium, are the agents by which this result is to be obtained. The following mixture is an illustration of those general prin- ciples : Take of camphor water, G ozs. ; aromatic confection, 1 dr.; car- bonate of ammonia, 3^ dr. ; mix, and add Luidanum, 1 dr.; aromatic tincture, 3^ oz. ; compound tincture of bark, 3^ oz, ; spirits of sul- phuric ether, 1 dr. Mix. Two table-spoons directlj^ and one every two or three hours, according to the urgency of the case. The poultices are to be continued to the pai-t till the natural warmth returns, and the skin begins to assume a healthier hue. Con- current with these remedies, the patient should be fed every hour with beef tea, tliickened with Dr. Ridge's patent food, or grated crumbs of bread, and, if necessary, an occasional quantitv of wine and water. For the gangrene that follows frost-bite, or exposure to cold, the very opposite of this treatment is to be adopted, and neither heat nor stimulants on any account employed. (See " Frost-Bite.") There is a form of gangrene' extremely malignant, which often rages in infirmaries, jails, and convict i)risons, known as hospital gan- grene, but on which it is needless to enter here. FITS. — If a person falls in a fit, let him remain on the ground, provided Au^ /ace 6ej[>a/6; for should it be fainting or temporary sus- pension of the heart's action, you may cause death by raising him upright, or by bleeding; but if the face be red or dark colored, raise him on his seat, throw cold water on his head immediately, and send for a surgeon, and get a vein opened, or fatal pressure on the brain may ensue. GRAVEL. — A collection of sand or small particles of stone in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. The urine often gives a deposit of a brick Appendix to Medical Department. 231 dust appearance, uric acid. The symptoms are shivering, pain in the loins, generally felt more severly on one side, and passino^ downwards — towards the bladder, a frequent desire to make water, which is passed in small quantities, sometimes with blood, or for a time not passed at all, irritation about the neck of the bladder. As the irritating matter passes from the kidneys into the ureter, it produces pain so great as to cause faintlngs and convulsive lits. The transit of tliis matter may be made in a few hours, or it may last for several days. The following are good remedies: Dissolve 3 drs. of prepared natron or carbonate of soda, in a qt. of cold soft water, and take half during the day. Continue as the case may require. The greatest martyrs have been relieved by this simple remedy.; or, take 1 oz. of the spirits of sweet nitre, 2 drs. of liquid laudanum, and 3^ oz. of the oil of juniper. Take a tea-spoon in a cup of linseed tea sweetened with honey. This has performed wonders. Or, take dandelion and marsh-mallow root, of each, 2 ozs., agrimony, a small handful, to 3 qts. of water; boil to 2 qts. Dose. — A. wine glass every three or four hours. A gentle aperient may at times be given, and warm injections are very soothing. Take also the Diuretic Infusion. Flannels dipped in hot tincture of cayenne, and wrung out, or the Stimulating Liniment may be applied to the pained part. Hojds simmered in vinegar, to which add 20 or 30 drops of laudanum. Drink at the same time a strong infusion of spearmint, and bathe the feet in warm water. The vapor bath now and then is very useful. Dr. Beach advises the following: Acetate of potash, 2 drs. ; honey, ^oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 3^ dr.; carbonate of soda, 3^ dr.; mint water or tea, 8 ozs. Mix. Dose. — two table-spoons three times a day. Eat largely of spinach; or, drink largely of warm water sweetened with honey; or, of pellitory of the wall tea so sweetened; or, infuse an ounce of wild parsley-seeds in a pint of white wine for twelve days. Drink a glass of it, fasting, three months. To prevent its return, breakfast for three months on agrimony tea. It entirely cured me twenty years ago, nor have I had a symptom of it since. — Wesley. Red onion juice, and horse-mint tea, as much as the patient can take morning aiid night, is a line remedy, and will dissolve stone. Potash Drops. — Liquor of potash, 10 drops; infusion of linseed, 1 pt.; spirits of sweet nitre, 3^ oz. Mix and take two table-spoons every three hours. A sure cure tor gravel. HEARTBURN, — This affection of the stomach, erroneously attrib- uted to the heart, is a mere derangement of the digestive organs — an excess of acidity, in fact, in the stomach, either proceeding Irom too acid a state of the gastric juice, from some crude and indigestible sub- stance in tlie stomach, from a piece of gristle, fragment of bone, or some irritating body, which, as we have shown under " Digestion," attempts to pass the pyloric orifice of the stomach, and. after vain appeals, is turned back till more completely digested, causing heat, pain, and inconvenience; or it is the result of worms in the bowels, irritating the whole alimentary tube. The symptoms of heartburn are too generally known to need description here; and it will suffice if we mention the best remedies for the diflt'erent causes of the complaint. For the heartburn to which 'pregnant women are so subject from the time of quickening to the end of the eigiith month, the best remedy is lump magnesia, of which the patient may eat as much as she pleases; or a tea-spoon of prepared chalk, with 5 grs. of ginger, twice a day, in milk or cold water ; or she may eat a few tea-spoons of whole rice, which will often afford more relief than any other remedy. 232 Appendix to Medical Department, For heartburn the result of acidity from eating pickles, acid fruits, or acridity of the gastric juice, 20 irrs. of carbonate of soda, or 15 of carbonate Of potass, with 1 gr. of ginger, and 1 gr. of rhubarb, taken in a wine glass of water three times a day, or a tea-spoon of challv or magnesia in a little peppermint water, will, in general, be found eflectual in correcting the cause of annoyance. When heartburn proceeds/rom indigestible matter in the stomach, either an emetic of 15 grs. of powdered ipecacuanha, or a compound colocynth pill, followed in three hours by }4 oz. of Epsom salts in a tumbler of water, is to be taken. Either plan can be adopted; the only advantage in the emetic is that its operation is more rapid, though more exhausting than the aperient plan. For the heartburn rcsulting/roj?i tcorms, or irritation in the bowels, the reader must consult the articles "Worm," and '* Tape-worm," which see. For those affected with heartburn after meals, especially dinner, accompanied with sour eructations, a pill composed of 3 grs. of dried carbonate of soda, 1 of calumba, and 1 of ginger should be taken an hour before dinner, and 20 grs. of carbonate of ammonia, in a wine glass of infusion of camomile, half an hour afterwards, if necessary. HYDROPHOBIA.— We give below a case that occurred at Flint, Michigan, which was successfully treated as follows; — The all-absorbing topic of tlie day with us, is, whether the friglit- ful disease known as hydrophobia can be cured or not. Tlie case tiiat manifested itself, and to which attention was called at the time in The Tribune, has created considerable excitement among us. In an article entitled " Hydrophobia," to be found in the Citizen of last week signed " Observer," and claiming to set forth medical authorities tending to show the incurability of the dreadful disease, he cites authorities, who, had '' Observer" made a more minute inspection of their works, would have led him to a different opinion from that formed by hastily glanc- ing over them. The subject of so much discussion, Mr. Burt True, was bitten by a rabid dog last May. The dog had bitten several animals and was killed. Young True was bitten in the center of the inside of the right hand. Be- ing in the country at the time, it was some 12 hours before he leached a surgeon, who cauterized the wound with nitrate of silver. The wound healed, and -remained so, until between two and three weeks since, when it became irritable and broke out again. Soon the first marked symptoms of hydrophobia showed themselves, convulsions, " barking like a dog," frothing at the mouth, and making strenuous efforts to bite everything that came near. During these convulsions, the patient would seize the pillows from his bed in his teeth, and shake and rend them with all the seeming ferocitj'- of an angry dog. An in- tense dread of water also exhibited itself, the sight of wdiich threw him into the most terrible convulsions, at these times requiring the united strength of five men to keep him under subjection, in fiict, every symptom of hydrophobia made itself conspicuous. The patient was attacked on Friday evening, January 19th. On Saturday night his physician, Dr. Axford, reached him, and at once was convinced of the terrible nature of the disease. Having had a case similar some seven or eight years since, where the patient recovered under his treat- ment, and has remained well ever since, after consulting the physician present. Dr. McCall, it was decided to place the patient upon the same treatment, which had been successful in the former case, which, for the aid it may be to others who suffer from this disease, we here give Appendix to Medical Department. 233 as follows: The injection under the skin of large doses of morphine, and the administration of large doses of castor, which is a powerful anti-spasmodic. About one giain of tlie sulphate of morphine was injected under the skin once in four hours, and half a drachm of the powdered castor, mixed with syrup given internally. Tlie effect was to produce sleep in about half an hour, which lasted about an hour and a half, when the convulsions returned again, and returned at intervals, of an hour to an hour and a half until nine o-clock Sunday morning when the last convulsion occurred, after which he suffered severely from obstinate vomiting until Monday at 10 o'clock when, that also ceased, leaving the patient comparatively easy, but very much prosti'ated. Since that time he has graduall}'" improved, and now is to all appeaj-ances quite well. In addition to the above treatment, small quantities of chloroform were inhaled at times, and on Sunday morn- ing the patient was wrapped in a woolen blanket wrung out of a warm solution of muriate of ammonia, 18 to 20 grains to the ounce. This was the treatment which checked this fearful malady and which Dr. Axford for the sake of humanity is anxious should be published to the world, and thoroughly tested. Hydrophobia, — Immediately wash the bitten part with clear water; then take good tobacco (leaf tobacco, if possible; if not, strong manufactured cut tobacco) and make a suitable poultice for the place, changing it three or four times a day f.)r a week. This effectually absorbs everything poisonous. A strong decoction of the roots of the white ash will cure the bite of a mad dog. At Ulina, in Friula, a man suffering under the agonizing tortures of hydrophobia, was cured by draughts of vinegar given him by mistake. A physician at Padua hearing of it, tried the same remedy upon a patient at the hospital, giving 1 lb. of vinegar in the morning, another at noon, and a third at sunset, and the man was speedily and perfectly cured. Cure for Hydrophobia. — Dr. Buisson, of Lyons, claims to have discovered a remedy. In attending a female patient in the last stage of canine rabies, the doctor imprudently wiped his hands with a hand- kerchief impregnated with her saliva. He had a slight abrasion on the index finger of his left hand, and confident in his own curative system, the doctor merely washed the part with water. However, he was fully aware of the imprudence he had committed, and gives the following account of the matter afterwards: "Believing that the malady would not declare itself until the 40th day, and having numer- ous patients to visit, I put off from day to day the application of my remedy — that is to saj'-, vaipor baths. The ninth day, being in my cabinet, I felt all at once a pain in the throat, and a still greater one in the eyes. My body seemed so light that I felt as if I could jump to a prodigious height, or that, if I threw myself out of the window I could sustain myself in the air. My hair was so sensitive that I ap- peared able to count each separately without looking at it. Saliva kept continually forming in the mouth. Any movement of the air inflicted great pain on me, and I was obliged to avoid tlie sight of brilliant objects; I had a continual desire to run and bite, not human beings, but animals, and all that was near me. I drank with difficulty, and the sight of water distressed me more than the pain in the throat. I believe that, by shutting the eyes, any one suffering under hydropho- bia can always drink. The fits came on every five minutes, and I then felt the pain start from the index finger and run up the nerves to the shoulder. In this state, thinking that my course was preserva- tive and not curative, I took a vapor bath, not with the intention of 234 Appendix to Medical Department, cure, but of suffocating- myself. When the bath was at the heat of 52 Centigrade (03 3-5 Falircnheit), all symptoms disappeared, as if by magic, and I have never felt anything more of them. I have attended more than 80 persons bitten by mad animals, and I have not lost a single ease." Wlien a person has been bitten by a mad dog he must for seven successive days take a vapor bath a la Russe, as it is called, of 57 to 63 degs. This is the preventive remedy. When the disease is declared, it only requires one vapor bath, rapidly increased to 37 Centi- grade, then slowly to 63; the patient must confine himself to his chamber until the cure is complete. Dr. Buisson mentions other curious facts. A gentleman had been bitten by a rattlesnake, about eight leagues from home; wishing to die in the bosom of his family, he ran the greater part of the way home, and going to bed perspired profusely, and the wound healed as any simple cut. The bite of the tarantula is cured by the exercise of dancing, the free perspiration dissipating the virus. If a young child be vaccinated and then be made to take a vapor bath, the vaccine does not take. — Galignani. When first bitten, or when the symptoms are manifest, give a dessert-spoon of the anti-spasmodic tincture and a mild injection. Then proceed to the vapor bath, as hot as the patient can bear it. After the bath give an emetic. The wound should be cupped, and caustic potash applied afterwards. Apply a j^east poultice, and keep up the discharge. Add a little powdered charcoal to the poultice. Repeat the vapor bath and the injection every ten or twelve hours. The diet should be light and unstimulating; the drink sudorific, or promoting persperation. Drink often a decoction of skullcap, and at night take sulphur and cream-of-tartar. Hydrophobia. — A dread of water, or canine madness. This fear- ful disease, though most frequently caused by the bite of a dog, may be induced by the saliva of any excited or vicious animal; the time the mrus takes to act on the human system varying from four weeks to eighteen months. Symptoms. — The wound may have completely healed, when the patient suddenly experiences heat and pain in the part, and a tightness and constriction of the muscles of the face and neck, attended with an uneasy restlessness, and great irritability of temper, followed by thirst and difficulty of swallowing, particularly of liquids, and especinlly of water; the sight or sound of which throws him into violent convul- sions, accompanied with intense horror and alarm; the contraction of the throat amounts to a sense of suffocating agony, while the body is racked with spasms that in two or three days, and in some cases a few hours, terminate in death. Treatment. — Instantly tie a string above the wound, cut out the bitten part, or cauterize it freely with lunar caustic; tranquilize the system by a suppository of 10 grains of opium; give a mixture of opium, ammonia, camphor, and ether; apply bladders full of pounded ice to the spine, administer chloroform, and use the hot bath, with all the means and remedies advised under Bites, Stings, Rattlesnake, Neuralgia, and Locked Jaw, which see. The Bite of a Mad Dog. — Mr. Hildebrand, Veterinary Surgeon, of Germany, says: " Bathe the bitten place in hot water. He has ascer- tained by experience that hot water has the effect of decomposing the virus, and if applied in time renders cauterization unnecessary; in that case all that is to be done after well bathing the part as stated, is to apply the solution of caustic potash to the wound with a brush and anoint it with antimony ointment. Apply ice to the spinal column, Appendix to Medical Deparhnent. -- 235 this is effectual ; or wash well with a strong decoction of tobacco, and then bind wetted tobacco on the wound, or take a pound of salt dis- solved in a quart of water, squeeze, bathe and wash tlie wound with this liquid for one or two hours, then bind some salt upon it for ten or twelve hours; or, mix powdered liverwort, 4drs. ; black pepper, 2drs.; divide this into four pai'ts, and take one in warm milk for four morn- ings, fasting. Dr. Mead aflirms he never knew this to fail. — Wesley. ITCH. — It is a skin disease, infectious. Sometimes it is caused by poor living, unwholesome food, bad air, unventilatedand dirty houses, dirty beds and clothes. The itch begins with small eruptions on the joints of the lingers, on the wrists, thighs, etc. They cause a most intolerable itching, the scratching of which only spreads the disease. Remedies. — Sweet oil, 1 lb.; suet, 1 lb. Melt and macerate; then add powdered nitre, 3 ozs. ; powdered alum, 3 ozs. ; powdered sulphate of zinc, 3 ozs.; oil of anise-seed, oil of spike, and oil of origan- um, to perfume; or, mix 2 ozs. of lard with 1 oz. of sulphur-vivum, and a few drops of essence of lemons. Before going to bed rub this well into the affected parts. In the morning wash with soap and warm water; change the linen and clothes. Repeat the application, if necessary. Take at the same time flour of sulphur and cream-of- tartar, in milk, beer, or molasses. Frequently take a warm hath. The greatest cures have been effected by it. Wash the parts affected with strong rum. — Tried. Or, anoint them with black soap, but wash it off soon; or, steep a shirt half an hour in a quart of water mixed with half an ounce of powdered brimstone. Dry it slowly, and wear it live or six days. Sometimes it needs re- peating. — Tried: or> mix powder of white hellebore with cream for three days. Anoint the joints for three mornings and evenings. It seldom fails; or, beat together the juice of two or three lemons, with the same quantity of oil of roses. Anoint the parts affected. It cures in two or three times using. The following is said soon to effect a cure : Sulphur-vivum, Venice turpentine, 1 oz. each; lard, % oz. Melt the lard and turpentine; add the sulphur. Apply several times a day. Or, wash the body well in warm water, and rub it with the follow- ing prei)aration : Lime, 3 ozs.: sulphur-vivum, 2 ozs. Mix in 1 qt. of water. Pour off, and use it when clear. A decoction of white hellebore, with a little lavender water, has been recommended. IRRITATING PLASTER.— Burgundy-pitch and bees-wax, 3^ lb. each ; thick tar, % lb. : Venice turpentine, 34 oz. Melt well and mix on a slow fire. When cold, mix with them powdered blood-root, poke-root, and a little cayenne. Spread on linen or soft leather. This plaster is counter-irritant, causes eruptions, and is a good curative for old sores and ulcers. It is highly recommended. HICCOUGH.— Commonly called Hiccup. A spasmodic affection of the diaphragm, in which the muscles of respiration and of the larynx are more or less involved. Hiccough may occur from eating too hastily after a lengthened fast, from drinking cold water, or from many causes affecting the stomach. As a symptom towards the end of fever, or in gangrene, it is always regarded as the near harbinger of death. The treatment for hiccough, when a sudden ejaculation or a diver- sion of the patient's mind fails to check it, is to give 20 drops of sal volatile and 15 drops of ether in a wiue glass of camphor water, or, in severe cases. 30 drops of laudanum. 236 Appendix to Medical Department HICCUP. — Swallow a mouthful of water, stopping the mouth and ears. Tried. Or, take anythiii*^ that makes you sneeze; or, 3 drops of oil of cinnamon on a lump of sugar. — WesUy. INDIGESTION. — It may be the effect or symptom of some disease, as nervous debility of the stomach, costiveness, obstructed perspira- tion, want of exercise, especially in the open air, deficiency or vitiation of the gastric juice, gluttony, alcoholic drinks, depressing passions; intense study, onanism, or self-abuse, etc. Tea, coffee, and tobacco are most fruitful causes of this disease. Treatment. — Abandon, if possible, the causes which produce the effect. Give occasionally an emetic. If necessary, gentle aperients. Injections are often of great use. These methods may be repeated about once a week, till the disease abates. Emetics serve to remove morbid matter, impart new tone to the stomach, and give healthy action to the secretions. Dr. Beach recommends Zo&eZea combined with mandrake^ as the best emetic. The bowels are best regulated by al- ways eating hrown bread; for the bran gives a more natural stimulus to the liver and alimentary canal than any medicine that can be given. The use of the dyspeptic pill tends very much to improve the tone of the stomach. The restorative wine bitters cannot be too much rec- ommended. If indigestion arises from affections of the liver, treat for the same ; especially take the liver pill with the aforesaid medicines. If, from a disordered stomach, there is acidity, etc., take the neutral- izing mixture. In fine, be choice in your diet; and eat the unsifted flour, 'bj some called ground down, or brown bread — a better name would be — ground altogether. It is the grand panacea for indigestion. The dyspeptic must avoid or take little of fat meat, butter, cheese, pastry, strong coffee, green tea, and ardent spirits, whicli harden the food in course of digestion, and cause the feculent matter difficult and painful to be evacuated. Eat sparingly, take open air exercise as much as possible; use cold sponging. Indigestion. — Prescriptions.— Dr. Babington's.— Infusion of Co- lumba, 6 ozs. ; carbonate of potass, 1 dr. ; compound tincture of gentian, 3 drs. Mix. Three table-spoons to be taken every day at noon ; or, take Gentian and Columba roots (bruised) and camomile flowers, of each 1 oz., to 3 qts. of water; boil to three pints. Dose. — Two or three tea-cups a day ; or, take 1 oz. each of hops and carraway seeds; 24 cloves; J^ oz. of senna, and 24 black peppers. Boil the whole in 3 pints of water till it is reduced to 2 pints. A wine glass of the infusion to be taken twice a day, at eleven and three o'clock. Pain in the Stouiacli from Bad Digestion. — Take fasting, or in the fit, half a pint of camomile tea. Do this for 5 or 6 mornings; or, drink the juice of lialf a large lemon, or sweet orange, immediately after dinner every day. — Dr. Mead ; or, from 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol in sage tea, twice or thrice a day; or in the fit a glass of vine- gar; or, take 2 or 3 tea-spoons of stomachic tinctui'e, in a glass of water, thrice a day. • The tincture is made thus: Gentian root, sliced, 1 oz. ; orange peel, dried, % oz; cochineal, 15 grs. : proof brandy, 1 pt ; in three or four days it is fit for use. This is useful in all disorders that arise from a relaxed stomach. — Wesley. LOCKED JAW — Tetanus.— A disease in which the muscles of the body are in a state of rigidity, with occasional spasms, and excrucia- ting pain. The cause of this disease is injury done to the extremities of the nerves, punctured or lacerated wounds of the hands or feet, sur- gical operations, or the use of narcotic poisons. Appendix to Medical Department, 237 The muscles of the lower jaw become hard and contracted, the mouth is closed, and the patient cannot oi)en it; hence the name locked jaiD. The rigidity extends to the tongue and throat, causing great difficulty in swallowino;. Sometimes nearly the whole body is affected with the spasms. There is constriction of the breast, severe spasmodic pain in the stomach, shooting to the spine ; the face is hideously distorted, and the breathing very laborious. It is a danger- ous disease, and requires prompt skillful attention. Treatment. — When tlie disease is caused by wounds, they should be cleaned, and the inflammation subdued as soon as possible. If possible foment or steam over with bitter herbs, and steep in hot soap water several times a day. Then apply a poultice of slippery elm mixed witb \3^e or milk, and put on warm. Promote perspiration bj'' means of tne vapor bath, or place hot bricks wrapped in vinegar cloths to the feet and sides. Repeat if needful. Pour into the mouth a tea-spoon of the anti-spasmodic tincture every ten minutes until the muscles of tlie jaws relax to enable the patient to swallow. Give a tea made of balm and catnip. These means iiave often been effectual. Add more cayenne to the anti-spasmodic tincture if the rigidity does not give way. An aperient or injection will also be necessary. The latter may embrace a strong decoction of lobelia, milk, molasses, sweet oil, and a little anti-spasmodic tincture. Locked Jaw. — Tetanus, or rigid spasm, and sometimes called, from one of the symptoms, that of clashing the teeth, tiismus. Though trismus, or locked jaw, is one of the features of that fright- ful convulsive disease known as tetanus (where the body is sometimes bent backwards, or to either side, till it assumes the shape of a di'awn bow, the bones occasionally broken under the contractile force of the muscles, and the suffering of the patient intense), it frequentl}^ hap- pens that the local symptoms affecting the head and neck, resulting in locked jaw, take place without the general constitutional convulsion. It is to this form, or trismus, that we shall, for the present, contine our remarks. The causes inducing this generally fatal malady are often some local injury, such as rusty nails running into the hands or feet, bites, lacerations of the nerves from foul instruments, wounds received in dissection, and in war from the long exposure of the wounded to wet and cold. Symptoms. — These commence with pain along the course of some nerve or muscle, producing hardness and rigidity of the muscles of the chest, neck, and throat, accompanied with great difficulty of swallow- ing. As the disease advances, the pain and rigidity involves the chest, extends to the back and shoulders; the muscles of the face are soon afterwards thrown into violent action, and the jaws clash on whatever is placed in the mouth, and soon after become so completely closed that no artificial means can separate them; the eyes protrude, the skin of the face becomes pale and corrugated, the nostrils stand stifliy out, the angles of the mouth are puckered and drawn forcibly in, giving a ghastly and half-sardonic grin to the countenance ; the breathing is short and labored, and the patient endures terrible suffering. During all the time, however severely his body may be racked by pain, the patient's faculties remain clear and undisturbed. Treatment. — To reduce the spasm as quickly as possible is the first and most imporiant consideration. To effect this, drachm doses of laudanum should be poured down the throat while the jaws are apart ; the body placed up to the throat in a hot bath ; an injection of 238 Appendix to Medical Department, warm gruel, tincture of assafoetida, and turpentine thrown in quantity up the bowels; and, finally, the whole spinal column rubbed with a strong embrocation of oil of amber, turpentine, ammonia, and cam- phorated oil; long strips of brown paper are then to be laid along the wet spine, and a hot flat iron passed a few times hastily over the paper, so as to drive the embrocation into the nervous centre by the heat of the iron. If the jaws have become early locked, one or two of the front teeth must be drawn out by the claw of the tooth-key, the tube of the stomach-pump passed down the gullet, and the laudanum — or lauda- num, gruel, and ammonia — pumped into the stomach. Should there be no convenience for a hot bath, one or more blankets can be soaked in very hot water, hastily wrung out, and the patient, previously stripped, instantly enveloped in both, laid in bed, and covered over with extra clothes. Chloroform promises to be the best remedy to reduce the spasms and relieve the patient of his suffering, and should be properly admin- istered by a medical man as soon as possible. Anotlier remedy much recommended for this disease is Indian hemp. See ''Tetanus." LUNGS. — Inflammation of. — Sometimes the disease effects one lobe of the lungs, and sometimes both. Males are more subject to it than females. Fi'equent colds, wet feet, intemperance, over exertion, and natural debility of the lungs induces this complaint. It generally begins with cold shiverings, followed by hot fever, dull pains in the chest or side, cough, and very laborious breathing, the pulse is full and quick, the bowels are often constipated, the urine deficient, the skin dry and burning, the expectoration scanty, but is gradually increasing, and sometimes it contains blood. It is a very dangerous disease; as it may proceed with such violence as to cause an effusion of blood or lymph into the texture of the lungs, as to cause suflbcation. Treatment. — Avoid bleeding by the lancet. Dr. Beach says: ** All the blood in the body must pass through the lungs, after reach- ing the heart, before it can be again circulated ; but in this disease they are unable to perform this double duty from the great amount which has been distributed to them. As these organs have become unduly loaded; impeding respiration, etc., the obvious indication is — instead of abstracting, or rather attempting it — to return it to its original channels, and thus remove the burden under which they labor. Bleeding will not affect this ; but, on the contrary, it will so weaken or paralj'ze the heart, which is laboring to accomplish this object, that prostration, and often death, are the consequences." Give sudorific medicines to produce free and copious perspiration ; and for this purpose give a vapor bath, using an infusion of bitter herbs, as hops, camomile fiowers, pennyroyal, tansj'', catnip ; add vinegar; cover, and infuse two or three hours. It should be repeated. If the patient cannot bear the fatigue of the bath, place hot bricks, or bottles, to the sides and feet. Give also sudorific powders, which see, until the breathing is relieved, and free perspiration induced. As soon as the patient is relieved, the bowels must be regulated by giving a gentle purge, and also an emetic; repeat, if necessary; continue the sudorific powders; as these means are calculated to unload the chest, and return the blood to its foi-mer state. Injections, where the feces are hard, and the bowels lethargic, are of great importance, and should be given occasionally. If the cough is troublesome, give some of the cough remedies, or the expectorant sprup, or cough pills. The inhala- Appendix to Medical Department. 239 tion of the steam of bitter herbs while infusing in boiling water serves to decrease the tightness of the lungs, and to promote expectoration. This should be repeated several times a day. Should there be much irritation, or spasfhodic affection, use the pulmonary syrui?. Bathe the feet occasionally in warm water. Mu- cilaginous drinks should be taken, as linseed, with a little lemon juice. An infusion of horeliound, boneset, catnip, with slippery elm, sweet- ened with the finest sugar, or sugar-candy, is a very proper drinlv. Great attention must be paid to diet ; it should be simple and easy of digestion; as arrow-root, sago, beef-tea, without or with little salt. When the inflammation is subdued, and the tongue is clean, give ton- ics, or the composition powder. NAILS. — Growing into the Flesh. — Cut a notch in the middle of the nail every time the nail is pared. The disposition to close the notch draws the nail up from the sides. Nails, To Whiten.— Wash them with turpentine, then with soap and water, next witli a solution of oxalic acid, and lastly, wash the hands well in warm water. NOISE IN THE EARS.— This is a symptom either of a distended stomach or a condition of congestion of the vessels of the neck and head, and in all cases should be^ttended to at once, especially in thick- necked and plethoric persons. When the stomach is the cause of the drumming, roaring and other noises heard, the organ should be relieved by an emetic or purgative; and when it arises from fullness of the vessels, either local or general bleeding must be adopted to reduce the circulation, as explained under Apoplexy and Congestion. Noise in the Ears. — Drop in juice of onions. PAIN IN THE BACK.— Steep root of water-fern in water, till the water becomes thick and clammy; then rub the parts therewith morn- ing and evening ; or, apply a plaster, and take, daily,balsam of copaiba ; or, apply garlic and hog's lard to the feet. — Wesley. PAIN^ IN THE HEAD AND FACE.— Take half a pint of rose- water, two tea-spoons of white vinegar, and form a lotion. Apply it to the affected part three times a day. It requires fresh linen and lotion each application; this will in two or three days, gradually take the pain away. PAINS IN THE JOINTS.— Make a poultice of the young leaves of Rag-wort, and put on as hot as can be borne. PAIN IN THE SIDE.— At bed-time apply a fresh cabbage leaf, warmed by the fire, and bind it tightly round the body for twelve hours, or more. The first application gives relief; if not, apply a second leaf. PIMPLES. — They generallj^ arise from indigestion, or some in- ternal derangement; therefore the disease should be attacked at the root. Take the following: Tincture of cardamons, 1 dr.; ipecacuanha wine, and a tea-spoon of flour of sulphur, with a glass of sherry or ginger wine. Take this on going to bed; repeat it every second or third night, and keep the bowels gently open. It is good to wash the face with warm water. Rub a sponge over old Windsor soap, and dip in warm water and apply. Glycerine soap is very useful. A weak solution of sugar of lead, or sulphate of zinc, sometimes is effectual. JAUNDICE.— From the French word, jawwe, yellow. This disease is known by the yellow color of the eyes, skin, and urine. The stools are either white or grey, caused by the absence of bile; and there is often pain in the right side, arising from the state of the liver; also, 24© Ajf>pendtx to Medical Department mental depression, constipation, headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomit- ing. Jaundice is caused by obstructed secretion, or by a reabsorption of the bile. Hence it appears that the yellowness of the skin is pro- duced by bile taken up into the circulation, the effect of those causes. When large gall-stones get into the gall-ducts, they cause jaundice and very severe pain. When they pass away a cure soon takes place. Should the color of the skin become very dark-colored, it is an indica- tion of some incurable organic disease of the liver. Treatment. — Those means must be used which will promote the secretions, and the regular flow of bile. Give an aperient composed of senna, camomile flowers, ginger, and powdered jalap, of each 1 oz. Mix. Take half a tea-spoon in a little warm tea. After it has operated, give the common Emetic. Keep the bowels always gently open; and give the Liver Pill. Dr. Beach says, "In obstinate cases, the barberry root, cut up, and infused in cider, may be taken, and the purgative repeated, and the emetic also,if necessary. Common soot (he must mean wood-soot, pecu- liar to this country) scraped from the chimney, enclosed in linen, and boiled in water, makes a liquid which will be found very efllcacious; it may be taken alternately with the other medicine." If the pain on the right side is severe, use fomentations of the de- coction of hops. Use the vapor bath, and take some of the Sudorific Powder; for such means tend to relax the biliary duct, that the gall- stones may pass away. Let the diet be light and nourishing. The following decoction is useful: Burdock root, 1 oz. ; agrimony, loz. ; water, 2 qts. ; boil down to 3 pts. Dose. — A wine glass two or three times a day. Dr. A. Hunter recommends eggs. He states that the yolk of an %%^ is the most salutary of all animal substances. In jaundice no food is equal to it. "When the gall is too weak, or by accidental means, does not flow sufticiently into the duodenum, our food which consists of watery and oily parts, cannot unite so as to become chyle. The yolk of an %g'g unites the water and oil into a uniform substance, thereby supplying the deficiency of natural bile." Or, take a small pill of castile soap every morning for eight or ten days. — Tried. — Or, beat the white of an ^^^ thin; take it morning and evening in a glass of water. Or, half a pint of strong decoction of nettles, or of burdock leaves morning and evening. Or, boil 3 ounces of burdock root, in two quarts of water to 3 pints. Drink a tea-cup of this every morning. — Wesley. The plant Bitter-sweet has been very useful in this disease. See Robinson's Herbal, for tliat plant, also Jaundice. Jaundice. — One penny-worth of allspice, ditto of flour of brim- stone, ditto of turmeric; these to be well pounded together, and after- wards to be mixed with half a pound of molasses. Two table-spoons to be taken everv day. LIVER COMPLAIANT.— Take 4 lbs. of dandelion roots, bruise and press out the juice; run it through a muslin bag, and bottle it. Of this take two table-spoons three or four times a day. Drink occasionally of the following decoction: take the bruised roots above mentioned, a small handful of agrimony, and 2 ozs. of burdock root, to 3 qts. of water — boil to 2 qts. Of this take four half-pints a day. Liver — Inflammation of. — This disease generally begins with a sense of weight, or pain in the right side, about the false ribs. The pain often extends to the top of the right shoulder. The stomach and Appendix to Medical Department. 241 bowels are disordered ; the appetite is impaired; the patient has sick- ness, often vomits bilious matter; there is a dry couo:h, oppressive breathing, a difficulty of lying on the right side; costiveness, emacia- tion, debility, hard and frequent pulse, and a sallow complexion. The office of the liver is to secrete the bile, the origin of whicli is this: the dark venous blood, passing through the liver on its waj- back to the heart, is there divested of its noxious matter, consisting largely of carbon, and so made fit for re-entering into tlie arterial circulation. A portion of the matter so separated from the blood is the hiU^ wiiich is discharged into the duodenum, and there mixes with the digested food, and performs the important office of fitting it for absorption into the system. The bile thus mixed with the elements of nutrition is also absorbed, and it is probable that it is adapted and designed to support the processes of respiratory combustion. It is the bile that gives the color to the feces, which indicate a healthy flow of the bile when they are the color of rhubarb. When, owing to some functional derangement, the bile mixes with the blood in its circulation, it is in- dicated by yellowness of complexion, in jaundice, and bj^ the symp- toms previously described. The healthy flow of bile is interrupted frequently by high living, obstructed perspiration, the drinking of wines, malt liquors, and especially ardent spirits, and dram drinking. Dr. Graham judiciously observes: "The term lixieT complaint \s now far too indiscriminately used. It is properly applied to designate disease in the texture of the liver; but the majority of the maladies called by that name, are in reality severe disorders of the digestive canal, that is, chronic affection of the stomach and intestines." The symptoms which indicate affections of the liver, are increasing debility and emaciation, the pain and uneasiness at the right side ex- tending to the shoulder, loss of appetite, full and hard pulse, etc. But in digestive disease, the loss of flesh is not so great, the breathing is not so laborious, and the pain is more in the region of the stomach. Treatment. — The first thing to do is to lessen the undue deter- mination of the blood to the part by equalizing its circulation, and restoring the proper secretions. This will be ettected by moderating the diet, living low, avoiding all stimulants, condiments, etc. Give the vapor bath, and the sudorific powders, to promote copious per- spiration. Take gentle aperients; as, senna, manna, cream-of -tartar, and fennel seed. The bowels should be moved at least once a day. All violent purgatives are to be avoided; they must be gentle. In weak constitutions, a decoction of tamarinds, sweetened with manna, often answers the purpose ; bat if not sufficiently strong add a little senna. Mild laxative injections occasionally are of great service. If there should be vomiting, mix supercarbonate of potash, 1 dr., with % pt. of peppermint water; and take a table-spoon whenever the vomiting returns. If the pain is severe, foment the side with a hot decoction of bitter herbs, as hops, etc. ; or the Anodyne Fomentation ; or apply the Stimulating Liniment. A poultice made of bran, or oatmeal, with a little mustard and cayenne pepper, and mixed with vinegar, and formed into a plaster or poultice, will be found to be invaluable. A mustard plaster is also applicable, and ans- wers better than a blister plaster, though it may be applied if the pain be obstinate; give also 10 grs. of the Diaphoretic Powders, for they allay pain, and promote sleep. If the sickness and irritation of the stomach continue, give an emetic, and repeat every day, if necessary. II 242 Appendix to Medical Department. Medicines which promote the secretions of the urine have a very good effect here. (See "Diuretic Drops," etc.) Or, take 3^ dr. of purified nitre; or a tea-spoon of sweet spirits of nitre in gruel or balm tea three or four times a day. Continue this treatment till the symp- toms are subdued. Chronic disease of the liver arises chiefly from the induration and torpidity of the liver; therefore, the object must be to correct the dis- ordered state of the stomach and bowels, and to give tone and activity to the liver. This may be effected by the vapor bath, emetics, and sponging the body with the Stimulating Liniment; by the use of the Liver Pill, or Dyspeptic Pill, etc., which see. Apply to the painful part the Irritating Plaster. Liver PilL — 1 oz. each of powdered blood-root, powdered man- drake, and extract of dandelion, to which add 2 drs. of powdered senna. Add a few drops of oil of spearmint, or peppermint, and form into pills. Take two or three night and morning. This pill is a sovereign remedy for inflammation of the liver, and for jaundice. NETTLE RA8H. — So called from its resemblance to that pro- duced by the stinging of nettles. The skin is raised, and whitish on the top; it is attended with itching and tingling. It is a very mild disease, and seldom requires much medicine. The following remedies have been recommended: An equal proportion of oil, vinegar, and spirit of wine, applied to the skin, will afford temporary relief for the itching. Take, at the same time, 6 grs. of magnesia in a glass of lime-water three times a day; or rub the part well with parsley. But it is best to give the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and apply to the part the stimulating liniment, and an aperient; or apply tincture of lobelia and tincture of myrrh, mixed, to the skin. Sponge the body every morning in salt and water. Weak camphorated spirit is a good rubefacient in this disease. An emetic sometimes eftectually dislodges the disease. NEURALGIA or TIC DOLOUREUX.— Put half a drachm of sal- ammonia in an ounce of camphor water. Take a tea-spoon at a dose, and repeat the dose several times at intervals of five minutes, if the pain be not relieved at once. This medicine has generally cured. Or, take extract of valerian, 2 ozs.; henbane, \% ozs.; aconite, 3^ oz. Mix well, and with oil of lavender, form into pills. Take one or two every four hours. It acts like a charm on neuralgia, and all nervous disorders; or, applj'' bruised horse-raddish to the part affected. Chloroform has recently been applied to the parts affected with neu- ralgia. Indeed it is made a patent medicine for "Tic." A piece of lint should be soaked in it, and applied; cover it with flannel. NEUTRALIZING MIXTURE.— Powdered rhubarb, 3 scrs.; sal- eratus, or crude bicarbonate of potash, 3 scrs.; powdered peppermint plant, 3 scrs : boiling water, % P^- i decoction of anise-seed, % pt. Mix. Strain, sweeten with sugar, and add three table-spoons of brandy. Take one or two table-spoons as oft as the symptoms require it. For children a less dose. Very valuable in cholera, bowel complaints of children, laxity of the bowels, flux, etc. An infallible remedy. NIGHTMARE.— Tiie complaint always happens during disturbed sleep. It comes on with a sense of great weight on the chest, and a dreaming of something very frightful and horrible, bad persoiis, spectres of various shapes, wild beasts, infuriated animals in pursuit, and which the patient cannot escape, though apparently he makes, or Appendix to Medical Department. 243 tries to make the greatest efforts to escape; he attempts to cry out, but generally in vain. The sensation is very distressing and painful. Sometimes the uneasiness continues after he awakes, so as to prevent his turning or moving in bed for some time. Studious, and nervous people, are most subject to it; it is also caused by heavy suppers. The disease is probably produced by indi- gestion, and by compression of the lungs, and the consequent obstruc- tion to the free return of blood from the brain. The disease is dangerous, and, doubtless, many have died under the attack; and their death has been attributed to apoplexy. The remedy is to avoid all exciting causes, as too much abstruse thinking, late and heavy suppers, food difficult of digestion, cold feet, costiveness, and flatulence. To prevent the nightmare, mix together 10 grs. of carbonate of soda; 3 drs. of compound tincture of cardamoms; 1 dr. of simple syrup, and 1 oz. of peppermint water. Repeat for sev- eral nights in succession ; afterwards take a few drops of the Aperient Mixture, or the Aperient Tonic Mixture. Also a little caj'^enne in scullcap tea will prevent an attack. Those who are habitually subject to nightmare should not sleep in a room alone, but have some person near them, to be awakened by their moans, groans, etc. Dr. Beach says: "It is not improbable that some of those persons who have been found dead in their beds were destroj'^ed hy it." NERYES. — These are contractile bundles of white cords, whose ends are connected to the brain, and spinal marrow, and thence extend- ing over the whole body, to receive impressions from external objects. They are in the eyes, at the root of the teeth, about the ears, in fact, everywhere in the bodj^ from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot. Two pairs of nerves proceed out of each side of the spine, and thence ramifying to every part of the body. They are so abundant, that we cannot touch any part of the skin with the point of a needle without coming in contact with a nerve, and a blood vessel. The great sympathetic nerve is the most important of all. It com- municates with all the spinal nerves, and several of those of the brain. Nerve Powder. — Take 1 oz. each of scullcap, and valerian ; cat- nip, 1 oz. ; cayenne, 1 dr.; coriander seeds, ^'^oz. Pulverize, and mix. Take a tea-spoon in a cup of boiling water, leaving room for milk and sugar. Repeat according to the symptoms. This powder tranquilizes the most irritable nei'ves without debilitating and deadening their sensi- bility. It greatly strengthens the nerves. Nervousness, — Sulphate of quinine, 1 dr. ; dissolve it in 6 ozs. of camphorated jalap; add of the volatile tincture of valerian, 3 drs.; tincture of columba, 3^ oz. Mix. When the nerves are irritable, at- tended with indigestion, flatulence, and occasional headache, this is often serviceable. Three table-spoons to be taken three times a day. Nervous Disorders — Rev. John Wesley's Directions.— When the nerves perform the office too languidl)^ a good air is the first requisite. The patient should rise early, and, as soon as the dew is off the ground, walk; let his breakfast be mother of thjane tea, gathered in June, using half as much as we do of common tea. Or, the common garden thyme, if the former cannot be procured. When the nerves are too sensible, let the person breathe a pi-oper air. Let him eat fresh veal, chickens, or mutton. Vegetables should be eaten sparingly; the most simple is the French bean, and the best root is the turnip. Wine should be avoided ; and all sauces. Sometimes he may breakfast upon a quarter of an ounce of valerian root infused in hot water, to which he may add both cream and sugar. Tea is not proper. When the 244 Appendix to Medical Department person finds an uncommon oppression, let him take a large tea-spoon of the tincture of valerian root. This tincture slioukl be made thus: Cut in pieces six ounces of wild valerian root, gathered in June, and fresh dried. Bruise it in a mortar, tliat the pieces may be split, but it should not be beat into powder; put tliis into a quart of strong sherry wine; cork the bottle and let it stand three weeks, shaking it every day; then press it out, and filter through paper. But there is no remedy for nervous disorders of ever}'- kind, com- parable to the proper and constant use of the electrical machine. Nerve Drops. — Mix 8 drops of spirits of hartshorn with 4 drops of the oil of lavender, and take in a wine glass of water. Nervous Mixture, — Liquid carbonate of ammonia, }4, f'r. ; com- pound tincture of cardamom, 3^ oz. ; oil of lavender, 8 drops; mint water, 3 ozs.; mix, and take in two or three doses. It is invaluable. Nervous Pill. — Assafcetida, extract of hops, carbonate of ammonia, of each, 1 oz. ; extract of valerian, 20 grs. Dissolve the first two in- gredients over the fire, then take oflf, and add the others; mix well, and with a few drops of the oil of lavender, and a little powdered licorice, form into pills. Dose. — One or two once or twice a day. — Valuable in all nervous and hysterical disorders. Nervous Tincture. — Compound tincture of bark, 2 ozs.; ammon- iated tincture of valerian, 13^ ozs ; compound tincture of aloes, }j, oz. Mix. Good for general weakness, low spirits, and nervous irritability. Two tea-spoons twice a day. NETTLE. — The nettles make a good rubefacient for limbs cold, benumbed, and torpid. Paralytic parts being beaten and stung with this herb, have regained their vigor, and limbs which have lost their use by rheumatism. The juice is astringent, and is good in gravelly complaints, internal hemorrhage, and spitting of blood. A decocotioii is excellent in scurvy. The decoction is valuable in cases of bloody mine. The seeds and flowers of the nettle are as good a tonic as Peruvian bark in fevers and ague. About a drachm given in wine. A decoction of tiie root is most valuable in diarrhea and dysentery, or laxity of the bowels and bloody flux. It should be sweetened. Cancers, it has been said, have yielded to the juice of nettles, as much as four ounces having been taken in a day. — See Boh- insorCs Herbal. TIC -DOULOUREUX, or a painful spasm ; a name given by French physicians to an aggravated condition of neuralgia, aftectingthe nerves of the whole or one-half of the face or head. The peculiarity of this disease is that it commences without a moment's warning, seizing on the nerves of the face with the most violent pain, and continuing for an indefinite time to torture the patient with the most excruciating agony, frequently terminating as suddenly as it came on, though some- times gradually subsiding in its intensity. Branches of the 5th pair, or trifacial nerves, are the parts generally attacked, especially the supra and infra orbital, and the maxillary branch, and a line drawn from the centre of the eyebrow in a straight line to the lower jaw will cover the three points where the pain is usually felt most agonizing; a filament from each branch escaping on to the face by three small apertures, — one above the brow, the other under the orbit, and the third midway between the chin and the angle of the jaw. This most distressing disease generally attacks those whose digestive organs are faulty, selecting rather the weakly than the robust, and those whose constitutions have been much deranged by a long residence in a warm Appendix to Medical Department, 245 climate, and more particularly those who have suft'ered much from wounds and injuries to the head ; in fact, whatever may have been the remote inducement, an unhealthy state of the stomach and bowels is in ail cases the immediate cause of an attack of tliis disease ; however much tlie nervous system may be or has been irritated, it is to some derangement of tlie bowels, or to tlie presence of some crudity in tlie stomach, that this dreaded enemy is to be attributed, whicii, as we have stated, may attacli the patient without a premonitory symptom, may rack him for hours with a rigid spasm of tlie nerves and a convul- sive twitching of the facial muscles, or it may only endure for a few minutes and not recur for weeks or months, or it may revisit him at every change of the wind to the east, or it may become periodical, and recur at regular intervals, like an ague. The Treatment. — In all cases where the pain can be endured for some time, to allow of the action of aperient medicine, the treat- ment should commence by giving one or two of the compound assafoe- tida pills, and if there is any acidity in the stomach, by ordering a draught composed of 30 grs. of bicarbonate of potass, or carbonate of soda, dissolved in a wine glass of camphor water, with 1 dr. of the aromatic tincture; this draught to be repeated every six or eight hours if necessary. To promote digestion, when a want of tone in the stomach is regarded as an exciting cause, a tea-spoon of Gregory's powder, with 5 grains of Colombo powder, should be taken in a little peppermint water an hour before each meal; at the same time, care should be taken to keep the skin clean and healthy by a warm bath, and the free use of the llesh-brush. When, as is sometimes the case, the state of the mouth and gums and the condition of the teeth is an exciting cause, the evil should be at once remedied; the teeth, if necessary, scaled, the decaj^ed and irritating stumps removed, and a wash of borax and water, with a tincture of myrrlt, freely used with the tooth-brush to clean the teeth and gums. Such are the means and precautions which should be employed in the intervals of attack, or when the pain will allow of their being adopted, to prepare the body to resist a renewed attack of the disease. "When, however, the paroxj'sm is on, and the patient almost dis- tracted with the severity of his'sutiering, and there is no time to wait for the action of the aperient medicine, relief to the symptoms must be found first, and the pain abated before the doctor troubles himself about the disease. When the pain comes on in paroxysms at regular recurring inter- vals, the remedies, as in intermittent fever, can only be given with a hope of benefit an hour or two before the expected attack. In such cases the best means to emplo}-^ are the following, taking the draught two hours before the paroxysm, and the pills as directed: Take of sulphate of quinine, 10 grs.; infusion of roses, 12 drs. ; tincture of ginger. 3^ dr. Mix, and make a draught, to be taken, if possible, two hours before the attack. Take of sulphate of quinine, 6 grs.; tartar emetic, 3^ gr. ; powder- ed opium, 2 grs. ; extract of poppy, enough to make a mass, which divide into three pills, one pill to be taken every half hour after the draught. As a general rule quinine should not be given till the bowels have been opened; should they not have been so within twelve hours, an aperient pill and draught must be given soon after the above medicines, to prevent their acting hurtfuUy on the head. 246 Appendix to Medicai Department, In thin, delicate, or inflammatory subjects, instead of a draught and pills the following powders may be beneficially employed: Take of carbonate of iron, 1 dr. ; sulphate of quinine, 15 g-rs. ; aromatic powder, 1 dr. Mix, and divide into four powders: one to be given every half hour before the expected time of attack. To afford relief during the paroxysm of pain, and where no med- icine has been previously given, a suppository of 10 grains of soft opium should be immediately passed up the rectum, and the following draught taken as soon after as possible, followed ^n^yj quarter of an hour, till relief is obtained, by a claret glass of port wine : Take of sulphate of quinine, 6 grs. ; brandy, 3^ oz. ; laudanum, 45 drops; sal- volatile, spirits, 1 dr.; sulphuric ether, 25 drops; water, 1 oz. Mix: to be drank instantly. An emetic, in many instances, will arrest the acute agony of the pain, and where no cause prevents its use, should be employed; in such cases, one-half the doses given in these last prescriptions will be found sufficient to break the force of the paroxysm. The discovery of chloroform has placed in the physician's hand a powerful agent for good in such cases; but as very great danger attends its indiscriminate use, and as it should never be given but under the eye of a medical man, we have purposely refrained from prescribing it. (See " Neuralgia.") PILES. — An enlargement of the veins at the lower termination of the intestines, frequently causing great pain, bleeding, and difficult evacuation. The tumors are seated sometimes externally, and some- times within the verge of the anus, for the most part attended with a discharge of blood; these are called bleeding piles. When no blood is discharged, they are teimed blind piles^ and, when the discharge is only serum, white piles. It is most frequently caused by costiveness, by pregnancy, and a sedentary life, by strong purgatives, and by dram-drinking. The piles are sometimes the effect of relaxation and debility, and not un- frequently result from an inflammatoiy action in the rectum, and a diminished secretion of mucus from its inner membrane. Treatment. — When piles are caused by constipation, and a de- bilitated state of the bowels, it is needful to open them, and keep them so by gentle aperients. Medicines which act moderately upon the bowels, are calculated to remove that morbid state of the liver and stomach which often causes the complaint. The patient may take sul- phur, cream-of-tartar, confection of senna, and the lenitive electuary; but all strong purgatives must be avoided. Mix sulphur, 1^ oz.; confection of senna, 2 ozs. ; saltpetre, 3 drs.; and as much syrup of orange as will give the mixture a proper con- sistence. About the size of a nutmeg must be taken two or three times a day. It is Yery soothing and healing to steam the parts with a sitz bath made of a strong decoction of bitter Jierbs; as hops, catnip, tansy, pennyroyal, and camomile flowers. Pour upon them boiling water and vinegar. Infuse some time ; boil again, and let the steam ap- proach the parts. A cold water cloth has been found of great service. Dip a cloth into cold water; let the cloth be four-fold ; apply it close, and press it to with a dry cloth ; as it warms, re-dip into cold water; do this several times; then convey into the anus some pure tallow or lard, or the pile ointment, described at the end of this article. A slippery elm poul- tice, made with milk and water to a proper consistence, may also be Appendix to Medical Department. 247 applied. The slippery elm is both cooling and healing. Ten drops of laudanum may be added to the poultice. When there is great constipation, an ^molient injection is indi- cated. Take ^ pt. of water, 3^ a dessert-spoon of salt, and 1 oz. of castor oil. Retain it as long as possible. The following injection is recommended by Dr. Simmons : Witch hazel leaves, 3^oz.; cranesbill, 3^oz.; meadow fern burrs, loz.; slippery elm, 2 drs.; mix the powders well together, and pour upon them 134 pts. of boiling water. Infuse for 4 hours, and strain it. In the morning use 3^ pt. for an injection, and at night not quite so much, and retain it, if possible, all night. Repeat as often as necessary. The marshmallow ointment is also very useful. For blind piles the tincture of lobelia is very good; so also is brandy, a little diluted, applied frequently. It is a good plan to cleanse the anus night and morning with soft soap and water; then using tallow or the pilevvort ointment, or any of the ointments for the piles. It is good to wash the anus after every evacuation. Generally speaking, the application of cold water is more effectual than warm water for fomenting, etc.; but this must be de- cided by the patient, as warm water in some states of the piles is very soothing. To effect a cure, the bowels must be kept regularly open. Take Epsom salts, 34 oz.; infusion of senna, 6 drs.; tincture of senna, 3 drs. ; decoction of bark, 1 oz. ; spearmint water, 1 oz, ; water, 4 ozs. ; best manna, 3 drs. Mix, and take from 3 to 6 table-spoons every morning, or every other day. The diet should be chiefly vegetable till the disease is gone. Or, tal^e a gentle aperient also every other night, and on the alternate night the tonic pill (which see). When the constitution has become habituated to the disease, stim- ulants, as pepper and ginger, taken with the aliment, often afford considerable relief. Elecampene root, 2 ozs.; sweet fennel-seed pow- der, 3 ozs.; black pepper powder, 1 oz.; milk of sulphur, 1 oz.; puri- fied honey, 2 ozs.; brown sugar, and molasses, of each 1^ ozs. Mix the first four ingredients; melt the honey, sugar, and molasses, and then mix all together. About the size of a nutmeg to be taken two or three times a day. The (Tecoction of oak bark is said to be a good remedy for piles. *'Aloes,"says Dr Buclian, "which form a principal part of the advertised pills, are frequently the cause of piles. Therefore persons subject to them should avoid all aloetic purges. An habitual costive- ness is much more effectually and safely removed by a spoonful of castor oil taken occasionally in an evening." A weak solution of sugar of lead with a little laudanum is useful when the piles are very pain- ful. Powdered galls and hog's lard form a good ointment. Henbane leaves powdered and mixed with slippery elm and sweet oil, and six drops of laudanum, form a good application. The pain is often re- moved by an emetic, or by taking twice a day 20 or 30 drops of balsam of copaiba on loaf sugar, or in a little peppermint water. The vapor of boiling water over leeks is useful. Piles, Bleeding. — Lightly boil the juice of nettles with a little sugar; take 2 ozs. It seldom needs repeating. — Wesley. Piles, To Cure. — Apply warm molasses. Or, a tobacco-leaf steeped in water 24 hours. Or, a poultice of boiled brook-lime; it seldom fails. Or, a bruised onion, skinned, or roasted in ashes; it perfectly cures the dry piles. Or, fumigate with vinegar, wherein red 248 Appendix to Medical Department, hot flints have been quenched; this softens even schirroiis tumors. — Wesley. Inward Piles.— Swallow a pill of pitch, fasting-. One pill usually cures the bleeding piles. Or, eat a large leek, boiled. Or, talve twice a day as much as lies on a shilling of the thin skin of walnuts, pow- dered. — Wesley. Piles, Ointment for.— Take of emolient ointment, 2 ozs. ; liquid laudanum, 3^ oz. Mix these ingredients with the yolk of an egg, and work them well together. Pilewort Ointment, Improved.— The plant, pilewort, (ranuncu- lus ficaria^) flowers in March and April. It should be gathered when in bloom, chopped extremely flne, after the roots and plant have been well washed. Boil in lard, without burning, two hours, stirring all the time. Strain while hot. Add 1 dr. of belladonna, 1 dr. each of opium and camphor, powdered. Mix, and make an ointment. PLEURISY. — Pleurisy is inflammation of the membrane termed pleura, which covers the lungs, and lines the internal surface of the chest. It is caused by obstructed perspiration, through exposure to cold, bleak winas; drinking cold liquors when the body is hot; sleep- ing out doors, or on the damp ground; wet clothes; exposure to the cold air when in a state of perspiration. It may also be caused by drinking strong liquors, by the stopping of the usual evacuations, etc., etc. The SYMPTOMS are shivering, pain in the head, back, stomach ; sickness, and vomiting, despondency, violent pain in one or both sides, difflcult breathing, high fever, thirst; the pain is greater when cough- ing, or when taking in a full breath; the pulse is hard, strong, and frequent. Treatment. — In this disease the temperature of the whole body and its extremities is diminished, while the heat in the affected part is greatly augmented. AUopathists would recur to bleeding at once; but that system of depletion is not necessary. Common sense says, equal- ize the circidation of the bloody and this can only be done by restoring that which has been partially lost or diminished, viz., vitality or heat. The disease has been caused by cold; it must be cured by a wise ap- plication of heat. Do this at the very beginning of the disease before the patient is debilitated. Give a vapor bath; or bathe the feet in warm water, and apply hot bricks wrapped in water and vinegar cloths while the patient is in bed. Give also an emetic at the same time. When the emetic has taken effect, give immediately two table- spoons of the sudorific tincture, or half a tea-spoon of the sudorific powders. Continue them, to keep up a gentle moisture on the skin. If they cause vomiting, never mind, for it helps to cure. At night bathe the legs up to the knees in warm water, with a little soap or soda in, for about ten minutes. Let warm herb tea be constantly drank, as balm, hyssop, catnip, pennyroyal, etc Apply the rheumatic liquid to the chest or sides; or fomentations of bitter herbs, as hops, tansy, etc., to which add some cayenne tinc- ture. Salt, cayenne, and brandy, well simmered, and made strong, form an excellent application for pleuritic pains. These means seldom fail to arrest the disease. It may be added, if the bowels are constipated, give a gentle injection, and a gentle aperient. Let the diet be very simple, as sago gruel, arrow-root gruel, common gruel with a squeeze of lemon, etc. During the progress of the disease the cough pill, and the pulmonary syrup, will be of great service. After the pleuritic Appendix to Medical Department 249 symptoms are gone, take the composition powder, and any of the tonic bitters. Pleurisy Root. — An American plant. It is expectorant, sub- tonic, astringent, diaphoretic, carminative, anti-spasmodic, dinretic, etc. It promotes perspiration. It is a valuable medicine for the lungs, promoting expectoration, alleviating difficult breathing in asthma, and especially in pleurisy; hence its name. It is valuable in all fevers; in colics and griping, acute pains in the stomach, and female complaints, as copious menstruation, spasms, and nervous debility. It is a specific in measles. The dose of the root in powder is from 15 to 30 grs. three times a day. ;N"early a cup of the decoction may be taken nearly as often. PALPITATION OF THE HEART.— This is a very strong pulsa- tion of the heart, sometimes only occasional, but often continual. It arises from morbid irritability of the heart; it is often purely nervous, caused, in some cases, by the disordered state of the stomach and bowels, by alcoholic drinks, by excessive venery, by extreme grief, and disappointments preying upon the spirits, all tending to weaken the nervous system. It is sometimes a symptom of other diseases, as indigestion, hysteria. The beating is frequently so violent as to be heard at a considerable distance, and sometimes the eff*ects of the in- creased action of the heart may be seen on the outside of the clothes. The pulse at the same time is very irregular, and often intermittent. Palpitation of the heart is not to be neglected, as it may lead to serious consequences. The treatment of this disease is much similar to that for indiges- tion. The treatment must depend on the state of the body ; for pal- pitation may be the effect of increased vitality, or fullness, or of debility and relaxation, etc. If the system be in a plethoric state, (fullness,) aperients and a spare diet must be enjoined. Avoid all stimulants. In case of general debility, 20 drops of ether, with 1 tea- spoon of tincture of castor, in a wine-glass of the infusion of valerian, two or three times a day. When it arises from disease of the heart, or of the large vessels, then avoid plethora, much bodily exertion, full meals, and excesses of every kind. The following mixture is valu- able : Tincture of henbane, 2 ozs. ; tincture of fox-glove, 3 drs. ; sweet spirits of nitre, % oz. ; mix, A tea-spoon and a half to be taken two or three times a day in a glass of water. If the action of the heart is very violent, apply a mustard plaster to the left side, or strong hop and poppy-head fomentations. Two grains of hemlock powder may also be taken every seven or eight hours. After the cessation of palpitation, take tonics, sponge the breast with tepid or cold water, and gentle exercise in the open air. Paipitatioii of tiie Heart Cured by Soda- Water.— A lady, about forty years of age, had suffered twelve years from periodical attacks of palpitation of the heart, so violent as to shake the bed on which the patient lay. During one attack, feeling thirsty, she expressed a desire for some soda-water. No sooner had she swallowed the first draught than her palpitation left her, and recurred no more until the period of the next attack. A.s soon as it commenced, she sent for her medical attendant, and told lilni what had occurred a month previ- ously, and requested to be allowed to try the same remedy a second time. He consented, but, wishing to ascertain which of the ingredi- ents of the soda-water had relieved the complaint, he gave her a dose of citric acid by itself. This had no effect. He then gave her a dose 250 Appendix to Medical Department. of carbonate of soda, which also failed. He then mixed the powders, and gave her some ordinary soda-water, placing his hand at the same time upon her heart. The moment she swallowed the first mouthful, the palpitation ceased, and recurred no more for that time. From that period, whenever the palpitation came on, she could always stop it by this simple remedy. It appears, from the experiments made by med- ical men, that the carbonic acid was the active element in relieving the complaint, because, until the gas was liberated by the mixture of citric acid and the carbonate of soda, no benefit accrued. — Journal of Health. Palpitation of tlie Heart,— To 10 drops of the tincture of fox- glove, add 10 drs. of camplior mixture, 1 dr. of tincture of columba, and 15 drops of sulphuric ether. Mix, and take 1 tea-spoon two or three times a day. Palpitation of the Heart. — Drink a pint of cold water. Or, ap- ply outwardly a rag dipped in vinegar. Or, be electrified. Or, take a decoction of mother-wort every night. — Wesley. PALSY, OR PARALYSIS.— It is a disease of debility, or dimin- ished sensibility of the nerves, sometimes of the whole body. It is indicated by a suspension of motion, frequently of one side, rarely the lower extremities from the loins; and it is sometimes confined to a muscle or nerve, as of the bladder and anus, allowing the urine and feces to pass ofl" involuntarily; sometimes the muscles of the tongue, causing stammering and loss of speech ; sometimes of the optic nerves, producing gutta serena, or imperfect vision; and sometimes the nerve of the ear, causing deafness. It is generally preceded by numbness, coldness, paleness, etc. In bad ca.ses, where one-half of the body is paralysed, the speech is much impeded, or totally lost, and convulsions often take place on the sound side. The muscles of the affected side of the face being relaxed, give those of the opposite side an appearance of being drawn up or con- tracted. It may be caused by an apoplectic attack, anything obstructing the flow of nervous influence from the brain into the organs of mo- tion; hence, tumors, overdistension and eff"usion, distortions of the spine, and thickening of the ligaments connecting the vertebrae, often give rise to it. The long-continued use of sedatives will likewise pi-o- duce palsy, such as constant handling of white lead; poisonous fumes of metals or minerals; translation of morbid matter to the head; sup- pression of accustomed evacuations ; pressure on the nerves by laxa- tives; fractures, wounds, or other external injuries, etc. Treatment. — In sudden attacks, the same treatment as in apop- lexy. To remove spasmodic symptoms, give tlie anti-spasmodic tinc- ture every hour. Betwixt give the stimulating drops, followed by herb tea. Steam the parts well with a bitter decoction of herbs; as tansy, hops, wormwood, camomile, catnip, pennyroyal, and betony, or any other bitter herbs. Pour boiling vinegar and water upon them ; cover up, and let it infuse some time. Then rub the part with a stim- ulant, made of salt and cayenne, infused in hot vinegar; or, made of cayenne, whisky, and salt. Twice a day rub the spine of the back with the stimulating ointment; or apply mustard plasters; or sting the place with nettles. Electricity and dry fiictions are very good. Once or twice a week give the vapor bath; and two hours after rub the whole body with the stimulating liniment. Dr. Beach recom- mends the following injection: Cayenne pepper, 1 tea-spoon; lobe- lia, 2 tea-spoons; boiling water, 1 pt. Let it infuse ; stir well, in order Appendix to Medical Department. 251 to get the strength out as soon as possible; sweeten with molasses; add 1^ pt. of milk, and 1 gill of sweet oil. Give it warm, as much as the patient can bear ; this will excite action in the bowels, and promote evacuations. Salt and water will make a very good injection. If constipation should prevail, coarse, orbrown bread, should be eaten, or aperients should be taken, or a dose of castor oil; followed by the continual use of the restorative bitters, introducing the perox- ide of iron, saj' 34 oz. to 1 pt. of the bitters. Also take a nervous pill, and occasionally the alterative syrup. Let the diet be simple, light, and spare. Take abundant exercise in the open air, when the weather permits. Palsy, Infusion for. — Take horse-radish, mustard-seed bruised, of each, 4 ozs. ; outer rind of orange peel, 1 oz. ; infuse in 2 qts. of boil- ing water in a close vessel for 24 hours. In paralytic affections, a tea- cup of this warm stimulant may be taken 3 or 4 times a day. PAINTER'S COLIC; (see ''Colic").— This is a dangerous disease; it is attended with severe and violent pain, and paralytic symptoms, and sometimes with nausea, vomiting of acid bile, severe pains; spas- modic pains about the region of the navel, violently shooting to each side; it is often attended by violent spasms of the bowels, with ob- stinate costiveness. If the disease is not arrested, it may terminate in gangrene, paralysis of the limbs, etc. It is caused by the absorption of lead into the system, chiefly by respiration; hence painters, plumb- ers, potters, miners, and white lead workers are most subject to it. Treatment. — To some extent the system is impregnated with lead; the great object therefore must be to cause nature to expel the same. The nausea and the vomiting must be arrested by the neutral- izing mixture; give a table-spoon every half hour, or as often as vom- iting takes place ; when it ceases, give the aperient electuary, or the aperient tonic mixture, now and then. When the first symptoms appear, give an injection as follows : Warm water, 1 pt.; salt, 2 tea- spoons; anti-spasmodic tincture, 2 table-spoons; and 1 table-spoon of slippery elm. Apply to the stomach and region of the navel hot fomentations of a strong decoction of hops and poppy-heads, a little anti-spasmodic tincture, and 20 or 30 drops of laudanum to a pint. Give the vapor bath daily; and afterwards apply friction, and rub the body all over with the stimulating liniment. An emetic now and then will be of great use. The injections must be repeated until evacuations are ob- tained. Drink at the same time a decoction of the sudorific herbs, as balm, catnip, yarrow, peppermint, camomile, etc. If the disease abates, discontinue gradually the use of the above remedies; do not cease all at once, for the disease is a very insidious one, and may return. The application of dry hot salt, folded up in a bag, is a most valuable remedy. Keep it heating in the oven, and have two bags; change as the one cools. To remove paralysis in any part, apply frequently the stimulating liniment. The diet must be low and sparing. RHEUMATISM. — This disease commonly occurs in autumn and Spring, and seldom in winter or summer, unless the vicissitudes of heat and cold be sudden and frequent. In a plethoric habit, or when at- tended with fever or super-irritation, it is called acute or inflammatory rheumatism ; and when with sub-irritation, chronic rheumatism. Acnte Rheumatism. — Its symptoms are fever, with pain, swell- ings, and redness of the joints, as tlie knees, hips, ankles, shoulders, elbows, wrists, etc. The fever rarely continues violent more than fourteen, days, although sometimes the pain keeps shifting from one 252 Appendix to Medical Department. joint to another for some weeks. The pain and sometimes the fever are much increased in the evening, and the former, durin": the nio^ht, is often acute. As the panis become fixed the fever generally abates. It is caused by exposure to cold, when the body is unusually warm, or by its x>^H^al application, or from a continuance of cold, as wet clothes, etc. Treatment. — In the first place, clear the stomach and bowels by aperients and emetics. If the skin is hot and dry, sponge the body all over with warm water and carbonate of soda, or common soda. If the skin is not very hot and dry, give the vapor bath of bitter herbs. Dry well, and apply the stimulating liniment. Repeat every day. From ten to thirty drops of colchicum or meadow saffron may be given two or three times a day, in a wine glass half full of the camphorated mixture. The diaphoretic powder is very useful in this disease; also an aperient of senna, manna, and cream-of-tartar, in solution. Use the rheumatic liquid, except in case of great debility. In such cases, the camphorated spirit, combined with tincture of aconite and oil of hemlock. This is an excellent rubefacient. Apply it two or three times a day. It always reduces the swellings and mitigates the pain. The alterative syrup is very effectual in the cure of rheumatism. Chronic Rheumatism. — This sometimes succeeds the acute. It is not so painful, but it abides longer. The period of acute rheumatism seldom exceeds 40 days ; after which, if the pain continue, it may be pronounced chronic. The joints most surrounded by muscles, and the paits most required for bodily exertion, as the hip and the loins, are commonly the seats of this complaint. When it aflects the hip joint, it is called Sciatica, and when situated in the loins, Lumbago. Treatment. — Keep the evacuations and secretions regular, as di- rected under acute rheumatism. Take the diaphoretic powder con- stantly on going to bed. Apply to the body the rheumatic liquid. Take the following: The sarsaparilla root, sliced and bruised, 6 ozs. ; sassafras, shavings of guiac wood, licorice root of each, 1 oz.; mezereon, 3 drs. ; distilled water 10 pts. Macerate for 6 hours; then boil down to 5 pints; add- ing the mezereon and sassafras a few minutes before taking oflf. Strain for use. A pint nearly should be taken every day. Alkalies are very useful. Take % oz. of bicarbonate of soda, and put it into a pint of pure water. Dose. — A table-spoon two or three times a day. The vapor bath is also very serviceable, after which rub the body well with the stimulating liniment. It is a good thing to envelop the joints in carded cotton, covered with oiled silk, or gutta perclia sheeting; this acts as a vapor bath, by excluding the air. White mustard seed taken inwardly may be tried; also, a decoction of Peru- vian bark, sassafras, and gum guiac. Bitters and mild purgatives render great benefit. Friction by the flesh brush, electricity, or gal- vanism, should be tried. The warm baths of Buxton and Matlock are of essential service. The miscellaneous remedies are invaluable. Rheumatism. — To those who dwell in damp districts, or damp houses, and are hence subject to rheumatism, coughs, colds, etc., the free use of lemon juice, (vvhen strained, and where it does not disagree with the stomach) is a most eft'ectual preventive as well as a remedy. I have found the regular use of a wine glass or two a day so to strengthen a very delicate constitution, liable to cold on the slightest occasions, that in a short time it defied not only damp, but every in- clemency, and all exposure. A correspondent of the Medical Circular vouches for the relief he has experienced in the liberal use of lime (fresh lemon ) juice, while Appendix to Medical Department. 253 laborinof under the paroxysms of rheumatism. By repeated indulgence in the above simple acid, for the space of three days, avoiding all stim- ulating liquids, the most contirmed rheumatism will, he says, relax, and the tone of the muscular and nervous system will be restored to its usual character. The fact was lirst established by the circumstance of the Jews being, as a general body, scarcely ever affected with the above disease, and this particular exemption from the malady under consid- eration, as affecting the disciples of the Hebrew persuasion, was, and has been, attributed to the very free indulgence which the above peo- ple exercise in their dietary consumption of lemon juice. When the lemon juice disagrees, either of the two following for- mulae may be substituted: Lemon juice (strained or filtered) and molasses, equal parts; powdered sugar-candy, sufficient; mix intimate- ly, — a table-spoon three or four times a day. Or, take powdered rhubarb, 2 drs.; acetate of potash, 1 oz. ; guaiacum, 1 dr. ; sulphur, 2 ozs. ; 1 nutmeg, grated very fine ; mo- lasses, 1 lb. Mix, and take two tea-spoons night and morning. The seat of rheumatism is in the muscles — electro-galvanism must be used ; it is generally the best plan to begin with currents of the weakest power, and gradually to increase their strength so long as the application causes no pain. Dumb bells should be used above all, every day ; they should never exceed in weight 1 lb. for ladies, and 4 lbs. for men. Silk is the best non-conductor of cold we have, and it is aflirmed that those of the fair sex who wear tight fitting sleeves to their silk dresses are not subject to rheumatism ; males should wear thick silk sleeves to all their waistcoats ; they can be easily taken off, and tacked or sewn onto another vest ; besides the above precautions, flannel must be worn summer and winter by day, "but never by night," next the skin ; at night a small flannel spencer or jacket should be worn over the night dress. Tailors and milliners have much to answer for in introducing such modern inventions as the wide sleeves, and in like manner "the apology of a bonnet ; " this last, the cause of tic doloreux, rheumatism, etc. Rheumatism.— To prevent, wear washed wool under the feet. To cure, use the cold bath with rubbing and sweating ; or, apply, warm steams ; or, rub iu warm molasses, and apply to the part brown paper smeared therewith ; change it in twelve hours; or, drink half a pint of tar-water morning and evening; or, steep six or seven cloves of garlic in a half a pint of white wine: drink it lying down. It sweats, and frequently cures at once. Or, mix flour of brimstone with honey, in equal quantities, take 3 tea-spoons at night, 2 in the morning, and 1 afterwards, morning and evening, till cured. This succeeds oftener than ?LViy remedy I have found. — Weslep. Rheumatism. — Extract of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. Triturate in 1 pt. of boiling water. Dissolve 2 drs. of iodine of potass; and begin with small doses two or three times a day. Very valuable. The application of wheat, bran, or oatmeal poultice, diluted with muriatic acid water, or the tincture of lobelia water, has often been known to give relief. Rheumatism. — Take a large handful of buckbean, 4 ozs. of white mustard seeds, and 1 of lignum vitae, or wood of life, to 2 qts. of water; boil to 3 pts. Dose.— Three tea-cups a day. Use also the fol- lowing liniment . Take of sal-volatile, 3ozs. ; oil, 1 oz.; camphor, 34 oz.; laudanum, 1 oz. Rub the part affected with this liniment three times a day. Rheumatism^ Embrocation for, and for Lumbago or Strains.— 254 Appendix to Medical Department. Spirits of turpentine, % <^^- ? strongest camphorated spirit, % oz.; 1 raw eofg; best vineg-ar, ^ pt. Well mix the whole, and keep it closely corked. To be rubbed in three or four times a day. For rheumatisin in the head, or face-ache, rub all over the back of the head and neck, as well as the part which is the immediate seat of pain. Rheumatism, Embrocation for. — Olive oil, 2 ozs.; water of am- monia, 2 drs. ; oil of rosemary, 10 drops; oil of cloves, 5 drops. Mix, and keep tij^htly corked. Rheumatic Decoction, — Virginian snake root, 1 dr. ; sarsaparilla in powder, 6 drs. ; burdock seed, 2 drs. ; poke root, 2 drs.; wine-pine bark, 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Powder them, and add 3 qts. of water. Boil down to 2 qts. A cup two or three times a day. It is most valuable in chronic rheumatism. Rheumatic Drops. — Extract of sarsaparilla, 2 drs.; gum camphor, J^dr. ; laudanum, 1 scr.; spirit of wine, 1 oz. Mix, and macerate 24 hours. Take from 20 to 50 drops three times a day. Rheumatic Gout, Draug-lit for. — Camphorated mixture, 7 drs.; infusion of rhubarb, 5 drs ; tincture of henbane, 3^ dr.; sub-carbonate of potass, 10 grs. Mix for a draught; take two or three times a day, particularly tiie last thing at night. It is a most excellent remedy. Rheumatic Liniment. — Take sassafras oil, 2 ozs. ; tincture of prickly ash, 1 oz. ; tincture of cayenne, 1 oz.; hemlock oil, 1 oz. Mix, and rub well in. A few applications will relieve, if not cure. Another. — Tincture of cayenne, oil of turpentine, olive oil, hem- lock oil, gum camphor, sassafras oil, tincture of prickly ash, of each, 1 oz. ; powdered capsicum, or cayenne, 1 oz. ; spirit of wine, 2 qts.; vinegar, 1 qt. ; ammonia, 1 qt.; add 2 ozs. of gum camphoi'. Mix; put in a vessel, and stir occasionally till mixed and dissolved. This is a magic liniment, soon giving ease in rheumatic pains, gout, neuralgia, sprains, etc., etc. It is worth much gold, it seldom or never fails. Rheumatic Liquid. — Sarsaparilla, powdered, 2 ozs.; cayenne pep- per, 1 oz.; gum myrrh, Yi oz. ; brandy, or Hollands gin, 2 qts. Let it stand a few days. A tea-spoon in tea, or water sweetened. This is excellent for rheumatism, gout, etc. Rheumatic Liquid, for External Application. — See "Rheumat- ism, Embrocation for.'' Or, "Eheumatic Liniment.'' Or, "Rheu- matic Pains, in the Bones and Joints." Rlieumatic Mixture. — Saltpetre, sulphur, powdered mustard, Turkey rhubarb, sarsaparilla powder, of each, '^ oz ; powdered gum guiacimi, 34 ^'^- Mix. Take a tea-spoon every other night for three nights; then omit three nights; in a wine-glass of cold water. Rlieumatic Pains, in the Bonrs and ^oiiits. — Take opodeldoc, 1 oz. ; tincture of cantharides, 3 drs.; spirits of sal-ammoniac, 3 drs.; rectified oil of amber, 3 drs. This foi-ms a liniment, wherewith fre- quently to rub the painful part. Wrap up in tine, soft flannel, and keep warm. Or, take friar's balsam and tincture of myrrh, of each, t oz. ; spir- its of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; and good old strong ale dregs, 3 ozs. ; mix all of them well toge'her, and bathe the afflicted part with the same. Or, take a raw egg well beaten; brandy, 3^ pt.; turpentine, V/^ ozs.; spirits of wine, 3^ oz. ; camphor, 1 oz. ; salt, 1 table-spoon. Put them into a wine bottle, and shake well. This liniment is to be well rubbed on the affected parts three or four times a day. It has often effected a cure in a few days. Rheumatic Pill. — Gum guiacum, 3^ dr.; compound powder of Appendix to Medical Department., 255 ipecacuanha, % dr.; confection of opium, 10 grs. ; mix, and divide into 20 pills. Take two on going to bed. Bheiimatic Powder. — Ipecacuanha powder, and purified opium, of each, 1 part; sulphate of potass, 8 parts; triturate them together to a fine powder. Be very careful to reduce the opium, and intimately mix with the rest. This powder is recommended by Dr. Dover as an effectual remedy for rheumatism. The dose is from two to five grains, repeated. Avoid much drinking after taking it, or it might act as an emetic. Col. Birch's Recipe for Rheumatic Gout or Acute Rheuinatism, commonly called the ** Chelsea Pensioner.''— Half an ounce of nitre (saltpetre), }^ an oz. of sulphur, 3^ an oz. of flour of mustard, J^ an oz. of Turkey rhubarb, 3^ oz. of powdered gum guaiacum. Mix : a tea-spoon to be taken every other night for three nights, and omit three nights, in a wine-glass of cold water — water which has been well boiled. RING WORMS.— Dissolve borax in water, and apply till it pro- duces redness, and a painful sensation. Discontinue a day or two, and ultimately it will effect a cure. Biu^ Worm. — Wash the head with soft soap every morning, and apply this lotion every night : One drachm of subcarbonate of soda, dissolved in half a pint of vinegar. Rin^ Worms.— Apply rotten apples, or pounded garlic. Or, rub them with the juice of house-leek. Or, wash them with Hungary- water camphorated. Or, twice a day witli oil of sweet almonds and oil of tartar mixed. — Wesley. Ring Worms.— To 1 part of sulphuric acid, add 16 to 20 parts of water. Use a brush or feather, and apply it to the parts night and morning. A few dressings will generally cure. If the solution is too strong, dilute it with more water; and if the irritation is excessive, rub on a little oil or other softening application ; but always avoid soap. Dr. Chapelle adopts the following plan : The hairs are to be cut short, the creamy fluid let out of the pustules, and the crusts removed by linseed poultices. The denuded surface is then to be covered with a thin layer of oil of naphtha, over which a flannel compress is to be placed, the whole being secured by an oil silk cap. The application is to be renewed twice a day; first well washing the parts with soap and water; the surface of the scalp is to be carefully searched, in order to detect any small favose pustules that may have appeared. These must be pricked with a pin, the matter removed, and the surface covered with the oil. This evolution of pustules is successive, so that the hair must be kept short in the vicinity, that their advent may be watched. This application secures the rapid abortion of the pustules; but when the scalp is too tender to bear it, it should be mixed with other less iiTitating oils, of which empyrheumatic oil of juniper is one of the best. SHINGLES.— Called lierpes, tetters, salt rheum, etc. It is a disease of the skin ; an inveterate eruption on different parts of the body, usually the hands, and sometimes it appears in distinct clusters around or near the waist, surrounding one-half of the trunk of the body, like a belt, generally towards the right side. It is a species of ring worm or tetter. The eruptions or vesicles which appear break and discharge a thin corrosive fluid which causes much irritation or itching. Treatment.— Keep the body open by the black draught, and 256 Appendix to Medical Department, eeidlitz powder; administer tonics in the decoction of sarsaparilla. Give also a vapor bath of bitter decoction, and afterwards rub the body with the stimulating liniment. If tiiere is much fever, give five grains of the carbonate and nitrate of potash two or three times a day. Celandine ointment is very good; when the itching is very troublesome, apply it to the affected parts. Dr. Beach recommends a wash to be made of celandine and whis- ky; infuse a table-spoon of the former in the latter; wash often, and then apply the brown ointment. Should the vesicles form or run into a bone, apply a poultice of slippery elm, and a little cream. The tincture of blood-root, and tincture of myrrh, make a g<>od wash. Apply, as before, the brown ointment. The tepid water cloth is a good application to allay itching. The warm baths should often be taken. SORE THROAT.— The old nurse's remedy is good, "Put your stocking round your neck going to bed." But I have found a piece of new flannel quite as beneficial, if put warm round the neck. The fol- lowing gargle is useful either for ulcerated or common sore throat. Make a strong solution of alum to every half pint of which add two table-spoons of port wine; gargle the throat several times a day. In ulcerated sore throats, it is safest to have the ulcers touched with caustic immediately on their appearance. Or, gargle with a mixture of yeast and milk, and take a wine glass of good yeast once or twice a day. Sage and vinegar are generally recommended for a gargle. It is best to add a little salt, and from 15 to 30 drops of laudanum. Or, apply a cold water cloth, wrung out, to the throat, covered with a dry flannel. In the first stages of the disease, a mild emetic will be useful. In bed apply to the throat a bag of hops saturated with hot vinegar and a little salt, or camomile flowers moistened with hot vinegar, and 20 or 30 drops of laudanum. The remedies under " Quinsy '' are appropriate here. Apply to the feet and sides hot bricks covered with vinegar cloths. If constipated, take an aperient, and afterwards the Composi- tion Powder. Sore Throat. — Five spoons of the S3'^rup of elderberry; mix with one spoon of honey, and as mucli powdered sal prunella as will lie on a shilling. Take a tea-spoon frequently. SORREL— To Stew. — Wash the sorrel, and put it into a silver vessel, or stone jar, with no more water than hangs to the leaves. Simmer it as slow as you can, and when done enough, put a bit of butter in, and beat it well. SHORTNESS OF BREATH.— Take of vitriolated spirits of ether, I oz., and of camphor, 12 grs. Make a solution, of which take a tea- spoon during the paroxysm. This is usually found to afford instan- taneous relief in difticult breathing, depending on internal disease,and other causes, where the patient, from a quick and very laborious breathing, is obliged to be in an erect posture. Or, take ^ oz. of powder of elecampane root, 3^ oz. of powder of licorice, as much flour of brimstone and powder of anise-seed, and 2 ozs. of sugar-candy powdered. Make all into pills, with a sufficient quantity of tar; take four large pills when going to rest. This is an incomparable medicine for an asthma. SPASMS. — Oil of red lavender,! part; sal-volatile, Ipart; oil of peppermint, 2 parts. Mix, and take 10 or 12 drops in half a wine glass of lukewarm or cold water. If the first dose is not efficacious, repeat. Spasms — Certain Cure for, — Take three pennyworth of balsam of Appendix to Medical Department. 257 sulphur, and the same quantity of the oil of anise-seed; put these to- gether, and let them stand in a warm place for 24 hours. Then take two pennyworth of the spirits of wine, and two pennywortli of the spirits of turpentine; put these together, and lettliem stand as above; then mix the whole well together. Take 7 or 8 drops on a piece of loaf sugar, when the pain is on; it will give instant relief. STAMMERINGr— Dr. Turner says is caused by attempts to speak with empty lungs. In singing the lungs are kept well inflated, and there is no stuttering. The method of cure is to require the patient to keep his lungs well tilled; to draw frequent and long breaths, to speak loudly, and to pause on the instant of finding embarrassment in his speech. Taking a long inspiration before he goes on again. I cured one of the worst cases I ever knew on this principle. Stammering. — Frequently read aloud with the teeth closed, and tap with the linger at every syllable pronounced. STITCH — In the Side. — Apply molasses spread on brown paper. SPERMATORRIKEA.— A discharge of seminal fluid, commonly called seminal weakness or debility. It is only of late years that the true nature of this disease has been properly understood, many of the most serious cases having been regarded as and treated tov gonorrhoeae which, though indeed the proper name of the disease, is a term now confined to an unhealthy discharge from the lining membrane of the urethra^ a discharge which, when long standing and chronic, becomes a gleet, and is always the result of infection. Spermatorrhoea, on the contrary, proceeds from an injury inflicted on the organs of reproduc- tion, and consists of a discharge from the spermatic and seminal vessels, and may be entirely, and in many cases is, completely irrespective of all venereal taint. Spermatorrhoea is a disease that could hardly, by any possibility, arise in a natural wa^^ ; no organic affection of the part, no amount of debility, or complication of accident or disease, indeed, could produce what is called seminal emissions, did not the patient, by incontinence or vice, provoke the cause, and engender the disease himself. Many men are so inordinate in their passions, that in time they amount to a mental disease, such as we have already characterized under the name of satyriasis^ an intemperance which, if given way to, so debilitates their bodies and paralyses the seminal organs, that whether unduly excited or in a state of temporary rest, they are kept in a condition of constant irritation and involuntary excitation; thus, whether sleeping or waking, often from the most trivial contact, indeed from the mere force of the imagination alone, those debilitating emissions, which con- stitute the most important feature of this disease, are repeatedly taking place. But though incontinence in youth is often the cause of sperma- torrhoea, the disorganization of the spermatic system, and the ruin of connubial happiness, it is unfortunately to the vice of self-pollution, • that moral offense known as onaism, that we must in general attribute that moral prostration and physical incapacity now so wide spread among the youth of the present generation, and of which the disease we are at present considering is only one of the lamentable evidences. We had intended to devote a space of this work to the injury in- flicted on the reproductive organs by the inconsiderate folly of youth, but for reasons which will be readily understood by all who remember the strictly domestic nature of this work, we have deemed it best to embody the pith of what we might have said on such a subject in this place, as being more pertinent to the theme, and at the same time keeping the pages of the Rocipe Book generally free from what, to 258 Appendix to Medical Deparftnent. many, might be thought objectionable matter. Of the moral unhap- piness and physical misery resulting from the vice of self-abuse, few think at :ill, or, if they do, regard what they hear as bugbears, or evils only problematical when compared to present enjoyment. As a few practical truths will go farther in illustrating our point, and showing the evils we have alluded to, than a page of wholesome counsel, we beg tliose of our readers who may consult this article to remember that every emission unnaturally produced consumes between 6 and 8 ounces of blood, or, in other words, that that amount of arterial blood is required to eliminate the seminal fluid lost at one emission. If it is further remembered that there are only 30 pints — old measure — of blood in the adult body, and that the amount of chyle, or new blood, does not exceed twelve ounces a da,y, it will be easily understood, on the commonest principles of arithmetic, how fatal to the stamina of the body must be two, three, or more such emissions in the day. So great is the reproducing power in youth up to a certain age, that this drain may be borne with apparent impunity for sometime, but sooner or later it is certain to show its influence on the system; for it is an established fact, that no law ofnMure can he abused without entailing a fearful penalty . In this case it is emaciation, weakness, loss of appetite, dimness of sight, pains in the back and head, hot and feverish sleep, disturbing dreams, loss of memory, and too often a total prostration of the mental and physical powers. To render this subject, and what we have yet to say upon it, more intelligible, the following abstract of the physiology of the organs in question will be found both interesting and useful: The spermatic cord brings from the aorta a stream of arterial blood to the oi-gan inclosed in the scrotum, and known as the testicle; or rather, when the cord reaches the bag of the scrotum, it instantly diminishes in calibre, and becomes as thin as the finest thread, and of several hundred yards in length. For the closer and more con- venient disposal of this immense length of vessel, nature has wound it up like a ball of cotton, in which shape, under the name of testicle, it hangs at the end of the spermatic cord; from the opposite end of this ball or testis a vessel rises, G3i\\Q([t\\Qvas deferens, which, running under the bladder, receives a duct from a small gland, the vesicula seminalis, and then entering the prostrate gland, is joined by its fellow of the opposite side, when it receives the name otejactatory duct, which finally terminates in the bulb of the urethra. The blood brought by the spermatic cord to the testicle is in that organ converted into seminal fluid, and carried b.y the vas deferens to the urethra, receiving on the way a vitalizing fluid from the seminal gland; it will now be under- stood, that as the excitement is given, W\e semen passes at once along the vas deferens, and into the ejactatory duct, which propels it into the urethra at the proper moment. The physical consequence of the abuse of these organs is, after a time, a total deterioation of the seminal flui;l, which, instead of the proper consistency, becomes thin and watery; the vitality, on which all ils potency depends, appears entirely gone, for it has no longer the power to produce a nntural erection, and, as a germinating fluid, is absolutely sterile. Though, unable, however, to perform their healthy secretion, the spermatic organs, under the stim- ulus of a constant and irritating excitement, form a thin, watery secre- tion, which either runs away from the urethra like a gleet, or is dis- charged by involuntary emissions. The scrotum, instead of being rough, firm, and contracted, and the testicle within feeling hard, and compact, 13 flabby, relaxed and pendulous, aiid often thrice its natural length; while the spermatic cord, greatly attenuated, is terminated At X Appendix to Medical Department 259 the bottom of the lengthened scrotum by a soft, oblong mass, that we can only believe to be the testicle by its relative situation. The moral consequences of this diseased state are often more distressing than the physical; the mind, too, sooner or later, becomes affected, a trembling palsy keeps the head and hands in constant tremor, w^hile a tenacious saliva, in severe cases, drivels from the moutli ; and should the patient think by marriage to effect a physical cure, and break tlirough an evil habit, the experiment is certain to end in misfortune and unhappiness; nervous anxiety will render all intercourse a failure, thereby embitter- ing not only his own life, but that of another, for in such a case there can be neither sorrow nor pity, but only contempt. As we have said enough on this subject to lead any one capable of reflection to con- template the fatuity of mind, bodily prostration, and life of misery that must follow a continuance of such practices as those which have in- duced such a train of consequences, we shall now proceed to show by what TREATMENT Spermatorrhoea, and the impotency which sooner or later follows it, may be cured. In the tirst place it is a sine qua non that the patient should abstain from all the habits and practices which have brought on the disease, and instead of daily robbing his body of large quantities of blood, he should endeavor, by an altered life, to add to the quantity and quality of that vital fluid. In the directions given for food and exercise,the patient should be punctual and regular, as the cure depends as much on the observance of the following rules as on the medicines to be taken : First, then, the putient should go to bed at 10 o'clock, and be careful to put no more clothes on the bed than are actually necessary; he should rise at seven in the morning, and the instant he wakes get out of bed, and having over night prepared a hip bath of cold salt water, seat himself in it, using a towel or a flesh brush to rub the water well into his hips, back, and thighs; after five minutes so spent, he must rub himself thoroughly dry with a rough towel, then dress, and proceed to take an hour's brisk walk. Those who cannot obtain a bath should use a sponge and cold vinegar and water, or salt and water. The breakfast should be taken at eight o'clock, the dinner at one, tea at six, and supper at nine o'clock; and to insure sleep on going to bed, prevent dreams, and the hectic flushes and irritating desires which at first may arise, he should take 20 drops of laudanum, or 30 drops of the liquor of of the acetate of morphia, half an hour before going to bed. After the first few weeks, and when the system begins to feel the benefit of the altered treatment, the sedative may be easily broken oft' by reducing the quantity taken by two or three drops every night. Once a week the patient should take a shower bath in the evening, in addition to the daily hip bath or sponging. The mind is to be kept constantly employed, either by some mechanical employment or by reading, care being taken that the matter read shall be of a healthy and moral tone; the patient must also avoid heated rooms, theatres, all places of amusement, and, as far as possible, female society, and never allow his hands or his mind to be unemployed. Exercise by walking, rowing, or the dumb-bells, according to the strength of the patient, should be adopted between each meal as far as possible. The diet must be light but nutritious, with a due proportion of animal and vegetable food at every dinner; wine and spirits should be strictly excluded, except in cases of great debility, but stout may be advantageously taken at least twice a day; those who can neither take stout nor porter may substitute copious draughts of new milk for their beverage. The bowels are to be kept open by an occasional compound colocynth pill, or a dose of castor 26o Appendix to Medical Department. oil, but ofily occasionally. In severe cases, the lower portion of the spine should be well rubbed with a stimulating; liniment,and one of Pul- vermacher's electro-o;alvanic belts worn for an hourar two daily round the hips, and under each testicle. The internal remedies are almost secondary to those means just enumerated; but where the appetite is faulty, the following powder should be taken till the stomach is able to accept and digest the food given to it: Take of dried carbonate of potass, 1 dr. ; powdered ginger, 36 grs. ; powdered Colombo, 48 grs.; powdered rhubarb, 24 grs. Mix, and- divide into 12 powders. One to be taken, in a little water, an hour before breakfast, dinner, and tea. When the stomach has been brought back to its healthy function by the powders, or before, if the digestion is good, the following are to be given, each for three days consecutively. No. 1. Take of Colombo root. 1 dr. ; cascarilla, 1 dr. ; bruise, and infuse in boiling water, 10 ozs. ; strain when cold, and add quinine, 1 dr. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 50 drops. Mix, one table-spoon to be taken every six hours. No. 2. Take of quassia raspings, 1 dr. ; orange peel, 3 drs ; infuse in boiling water, 10 ozs. ; strain, and add tincture of the muriate of iron, 2 drs. Mix. A table-spoon every six hours. No. 3. Take of precipitated carbonate of iron,2 drs.; carbonate of soda, 1 dr. ; ginger powder, 1 scr. Mix, and divide into 12 powders. One to be taken every six hours. In concluding this subject we would beg all of our readers who consult this article to banish the idea that there is any balsam, whether of Gilead or of Mecca, that posseses any power that can afford the slightest benefit in such cases as those of which we have just treated; and at the same time we feel it our duty to warn all to shun the meshes of that host of empirics who profess to cure this disease by their Syrian nostrums and boasted remedies; medicines which, in most cases, are as inoperative for good as they are mendacious in principle. A moral reformation, wholesome food, and a system of ablution, exercise, and external remedies, are the only practical means tliat can j)0ssibly in- fluence the character or elfect a cure in this disease. St. VITUS'S DANCE. — This is a convulsive disease, principally attacking children from 10 to 16 years of age. It is indicated by a twitching and convulsive action of the muscles of the body, and by lameness or unsteadiness of one of the legs, which the patient draws after him like an idiot. Then it affects the hand on the same side ; so that if a glass of liquor be p)ut into his Jiand to drink, before he can get it to his mouth, he uses a great number of odd gestures, on account of the hand being drawn different ways by the convulsive action of the muscles, so that he cannot carry it in a straight line. The will of the patient seems often to jield to these convulsive motions as to a propensity. After continuing some weeks, the intellectual operations of the brain are weakened. Females are most subject to this disease. This disease arises from an increased irritability of the nervous system, which is often produced by some derangement of the stomach, bowels, and nerves; sometimes by worms, violent passions, fright, or violent mental emotions, etc. In females it probably arises from the same causes which produce hysterics. Treatment. — The irritation of the cerebral system (brain and nerves) being generally symptomatic of a disordered state of the diges- tive organs, or kept up by irritation in the stomach or bowels, the cure must be commenced by a purgative. Do not allow the bowels to be constipated. If the stomach is deranged, give an emetic. (See . — Appendix to Medical Department 261 " Emetic") This will evacuate and cleanse the stomach, give it tone, and benefit the nervous system. Repeat, if necessary. The diet must be very plain. The vapor bath of bitter decoction is of immense service. Rub the body frequently with the Stimulating Liniment. When symptoms of improvement are manifest, give Peruvian bark in port wine, adding water if too strong; or give the Restorative Wine Bitters, adding a 3^ oz. of the red oxide of iron. Give the aperients now and then, especially the Dyspeptic Pill. The subcarbonate of iron, 2 drs. for a dose, is a most valuable remedy. It may be given in a little syrup, beer, or porter. Dr. Reese says, " When the symptoms are abated, cold bathing every morning, if it does not alarm the mind, will prove of great ad- vantage ; and with the use of the muriated tincture of steel, in the dose of 10 or 15 drops, in a glass of cold valerian and camomile tea, will probably complete the cure ; if the patient have not sufficient resolu- tion to go into the cold bath, cold water may be applied every morn- ing to the head; the diet should be regulated according to the strength of the patient; if plethoric, a low diet should be observed, and wine and stimulants avoided. On the contrary, if the body be much debil- itated a nutritious diet should be employed, but even in this case wine should be allowed with great caution. SMALL POX. — This dreadful disease is very infectious, attended with inflammatory fever, assuming sometimes a typhoid character, at- tended with nausea and vomiting, and upon the pressure of the stomach, with much pain. The constitution that has been once really under its influence is rarely liable to a second attack. When the pus- tules are separate from each other, it is termed distinct; and when they run together, it is denominated confluent. The first symptoms are shivering pains in the head, back and loins, redness of the eyes, fever, thirst, nausea, loss of appetite; and in some cases, a few hours before the eruption, children are afiected with con- vulsions. The eruption appears about ihQ fourth day of the fever^ first on the face, and afterwards on the neck, breast, and body. The pus- tules gradually enlarge, and proceed to maturation which is complete about the eleventh day after their first appearance, when the inflam- mation and swelling abate, the eruption beginning to dry and scale off, and about the fifteenth day it entirely disappears. The confluent sort is attended with more violent symptoms than the distinct, but observes the same period of termination. Dr. Beach says, " The effluva is very offensive; and I have seen worms, or maggots crawling in the flesh; and yet the patient has recovered." This disease generally terminates favorably under judicious treatment, unless the subject of it is intem- perate, in which case it proves very dangerous, or fatal Treatment. — The great object is to assist nature to expel the morbific or poisonous matter from the system. If the patient has much vomiting, give 10 or 12 grains of bicarbonate of potash in balm tea twice or thrice a day. The bowels must be opened by gentle aperients, attention must be given to the skin, and medicine given to produce a gentle determination to the surface. Take an infusion of saftron and catnip, or balm and hj^ssop, with 10 drops of elixir of vitriol; this will aid nature to drive out the eruption, by producing a moisture of the skin. It should be repeated several times. Bathe the feet twice a day in warm lye water, and wash the body with the same liquid warm; do not neglect this if the fever is high. If there is pain in the head apply a mustard poultice to the soles of the feet in addition to bathing the feet and legs in warm water. Apply to the head cloths dipped in vin- 262 Appendix to Medical Department. egar and water, or whisky and warm water. Let the room of the patient be well ventilated, and often sprinkle it with vinegar and water; do not cover him up close. Give warm diluents, as balm, spearmint, pennyroyal, catnip, etc. ; an}'- of these will do. If the throat be sore, administer remedies under " Sore Throat." Sage tea, a little vinegar, and a little borax, form a good gargle. The expectorant tincture is ver}^ useful. If the debility is great, and the strength gradually sinking, give tonics, as quinine dissolved in elixir of vitriol ; 10 or 12 drops in balm tea three or four times a day. If there is considerable irritation, give 8 or 10 drops of laudanum in the "Saline Draught," which see. Or, give 5 to 10 grains of the " Diaphoretic Powder." Sudoritics are also very serviceable, especially when the pustules are flabby, and not well filled. If the symptoms become unfavorable, as the striking in of the eruption, great fever, and delirium, black tongue, etc., the danger is very great. In such case, give immediately the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and an emetic; tlien give a decoction of saffron and Virginia snakeroot with a tea-spoon or two of sweet spirits of nitre. Give also the Sudorific Powder, and at intervals the Seidlitz Powder. Sponge the surface of the body with warm water. If there is any tendency to putrescency in the fluids, give a wineglass of yeast several times ada5^ Dr. Anthony Thomj^son says, "The sulphuric acid combined with wine is the only remedy on which we can rely in the confluent small pox, when the pustules are filled with a bloody sanies, and the urine is colored by broken down particles of blood." Camphor is valuable in this disease. To prevent the pustules from affecting the ej'^es, cold water cloths should be continually applied. While the fever continues high, the diet should be mild and rather spare, as barley gruel, sago gruel, beef tea without salt. When the pustules begin to maturate, the patient may be permit- ted gradually to take to his usual diet; and if the crop be considerable, and the strength of the patient much reduced, provided he be free from fever, a little port wine, diluted with water, may likewise be allowed after dinner Small Pox. — The Sarracenia Purpurea^ or Indian Cup, a native plant of Nova Scotia, the specific used by the Indians against the small pox, bids fair to realize the expectations entertained by medical men of its efficacy. In a letter addressed to the American Medical Times^ Dr. Frederick W. Morris, president physician of the Halifax Visiting Dispensary, states that the Sarracenia^ a papaveraceous plant, will cure small pox in all its forms within twelve hours after the patient has taken the decoction. *' However alarming and numerous the eruptions," he says, "or confluent and frightful they may be, the peculiar action of the medicine is such that very seldom is a scar left to tell the story of the disease. If either vaccine or variolous matter is washed with the infusion of the Sarrace7iia, they are deprived of their contagious prop- perties. So mild is the medicine to the taste that it may be mixed with tea and coffee, and given to connoisseurs in these beverages to drink without being aware of the admixture. The medicine has been suc- cessfully tried in the hospitals of Nova Scotia, and its use will be con- tinued. " — Qalianani. " We are now favored with the following particulars respecting this valuable plant. The Sarracenia Purpurea^ or Indian Cup, a native plant of Nova Scotia, found in swamps and moss-bogs, has the wonder- Appendix to Medical Department 263 ful reputation among the Mic-Mac Indians of curing small pox; and of being as great a specific in this disease as quinine for ague. It is sup- posed to act by neutralizing the virus in the blood, rendering it inert and harmless; and that this is its action may be gathered from the fact that if either vaccine or variolous matter may be washed with tlie in- fusion of the Sarracenia, it is deprived of its contagious property. Moreover the eruption, even if confluent, on its disappearance, leaves no trace behind. The root of the plant is the part employed. Tlie dose, when reduced to powder, is about a dessert-spoon, simmered in a pint of water down to half a pint; this is usually divided into two doses, to be taken during the day. Sugar should not be used with it." — Galignani. Small Fox— Prevention of Pitting in.— Mr. Startin, the senior surgeon in the Gurney Hospital for diseases of the skin, has communi- cated to the Medical Turns a very important plan, which he has adopted during the last fourteen years, for preventing pitting in small pox, and which, he states, has always proved successful. I'he plan consists in applying the acetum cantharidis or any vesicating fluid, by means of a camel' s-hair brush, to the apex of each spot or jnistule of the dis- ease, on all the exposed surface of the body, until blistering is evi- denced by the whiteness of the skin in the parts subjected to the appli- cation, when the fluid producing it is to be washed off" with water or arrow-root gruel. The pain attending the application of the vesicating fluid, is very slight and transient. Small Pox— To Prevent Pitting* in.— The following has been found very effectual: The application consists of a solution of India-rubber in chloroform, which is painted with a camel's-hair pencil over the face (and neck in women), when the eruption has become fully developed. When the chloroform has evaporated, which it very readily does, there is left a thin elastic film of India-rubber over the face. This tlie patient feels to be rather comfortable, as it removes itching and all irritation ; and what is more important, ^'pitting,''' once so cotnmon, is thorougJdy prevented by the application. In making the solution, the India-rubber must be cut into small pieces^ and chloroform added till it is dissolved. Gutta-percha has been tried, but has not answered, on account of its non-elasticity. Should any of the solution, from some cause, be torn off", apply the solution as before. Small Pox— Pitting: in.— Dr. George recommends the use of pre- pared calamine, for the exclusion of the atmospheric air. In a very severe case, which occurred in my practice, in which the face and throat were frightfully swollen, I dressed one-half of it with calamine powder, and the other half I pencilled over, using a flat hair pencil, with sweet oil and the white of an egg, in equal parts well mixed, three or four times a day. No solution of India-rubber or any other substance, would have answered the purpose better; and its application was cer- tainly attended with more comfort than that of the use of the powder. But it is not only the pitting which is prevented by the calamine, but the rescuing of the patient from a state of suffering bordering upon misery. He recommends the foUowins: treatment to the public. Firstly, from the commencement of the disease I would cover the whole body' face and all, with the calamine, shaken through a common pepperbox,' taking care that the powder does not remain in masses. The inflam- mation on each pustule is by these applications much lessened, a point of great consequence. Secondly, sprinkje about 1 ounce of powdered camphor every two 264 Appendix to Medical Department, or three nights between the under sheet and blanket, the whole length of the body, puttino^ more about the shoulders and neck. The relief obtained by this, few would credit until they had had experience. Thirdly, in the advanced stage of the disease, should hardened in- crustations have formed, they may be removed, and without much pain too; for in one case I removed every portion of the cuticle from the whole face, forehead, and even eyelids, applied the calamine, and in a few days the cuticle was reformed without a blemish. Small Pox — In Sheep. — The medicines which have been used in the case of the Allington flock have been very simjile, consisting chiefly of the nitrate of potass, dissolved in the water which is placed in the troughs until a subsidence of the fever takes place, after which sul- phate of iron has been substituted. When diarrhea has come on — as it not unfrequently does in the latter stage of the malady, more particu- larly if the disease becomes confluent — opium is resorted to as a valu- able agetit to arrest the attack, which, if not arrested, speedily becomes fatal. Cure for the Small Pox. — A correspondent of the Stockton (Cali- fornia) Herald speaks as follows concerning the small pox and its remedy. "I herewith append a recipe which has been used to my knowl- edge in hundreds of cases. It will prevent or cure the small pox though the pittings are filling. When Jenner discovered cow-pox in England, the world of science hurled an avalanche of fame upon his head; but when the most scientific school of medicine in the world — that of Paris — published this recipe and panacea for small pox, it passed unheeded; it is as unfailing as fate and conquers in every in- stance. It is harmless when taken by a well person. It will also cure scarlet fever. Here is the recipe as I have used it, and cured my children of scarlet fever; here it is as I have used it to cure the small pox; when learned physicians said the patient must die, it cured: Sul- phate of zinc, 1 gr.; fox-glove (digitalis), 1 gr. ; 3^ tea-spoon of sugar; mix with two table-spoons of water. When thoroughly mixed add four ounces of water. Take a spoon every hour. Either disease will disappear in twelve hours. For a child smaller doses, ac- cording to age. If counties would compel physicians to use this, there would be no need of pest-houses. If you value advice and experience, use this for that terrible disease. SCRATCHES. — Do not neglect them. Wash them in cold water; close them as much as you can, and cover with diachylon plaster. If there is inflammation, apply a bread poultice, or one of slippery elm. SCROFULA. — The Latins termed this disease scrofula, from scrofa^ a hog, because it has been observed in swine. It is called the King's Evil, because Edward the Confessor, and other succeeding kings, both of England and France, pretended to cure it by the touch. Queen Anne, in 1807, by proclamation invited her scrofulous subjects to the royal touch. The disease is well known, and requires little description. It is generally seen in the glands of the neck, in the ligaments of the joints, and even in the substance of the bones. The glands of the mesentery are often tumefied, and accumulation takes place in the substance of the lungs, forming tubei'cles. Treatment. — This must depend on the state of the constitution, and the structure of the parts aftected, etc. When the lungs are the seat of the mischief, it produces pulmonary consumption; when it ex- ists in the ligament of a joint, it is called white swelling. The gen- Appendix to Medical Department. 265 eral health should be regarded, and means adopted to establish it. To invigorate and strengthen the absorbent system, cold bathing, and the sea air has been very beneficial; and the mineral waters have not been useless, though they are not a specific. All these means, however, do not apply to scrotula in the lungs. Administer the vapor bath of bit- ter decoction; give tonics, and an emetic occasionally^; rub the tumors freely with the stimulating liniment night and morning; and the bod}' with salt and water ever}-- morning. If the tumors are much inflamed, apply a poultice of bran and slippery elm bark. Linseed meal and slippery elm are very good. Apply cold, and renew when dry. The poultice is almost sovereign when the tumors burst, if it is mixed with the pulverized bark of the root of bayberry, and a little sweet oil. First, cleanse the tumor well with soap and water; then applj'' the poultice. The extract of clover is very good for this purpose. It is made by boiling down the flower in water, and evaporating the liquid. Iodine has been highly recommended by many English and French physicians, as a specific remedy for scrofula; and, for the very favorable results I have witnessed, in a great variety of cases, I uih disposed to consider it to possess anti-scrofulous properties. Tlie best preparation is the spirituous solution termed the tincture of iodine, which may be administered twice a day, in the dose of three to fifteen drops, in a wine-glass of a decoction of marshmallow roots, or of Peruvian bark, if the patient be in a debilitated stage. *' Devonporfs syrup of iodide of quinine and iron is a ternary compound of marked eflBcacy, in cases of scrofula, and of bloodless- ness (an(Emia). It is borne well by the stomach, and not possessing the nauseous qualities of its constituents, is admirably adapted for children." — Dr. Graham. The scrofulous patient must have a nourishing diet, plenty of ex- ercise, and an abundance of fresh, pure air. Scrofula, or Kind's Evil. — Take as nmch cream-of -tartar as lies on a shilling every morning and evening. Or, drink for six weeks half a pint of strong decoction of devil's bit. Or, make a leaf of dried burdock into a pint of tea; take half a pint twice a day for four months. I have known this to cure hundreds. — Wesley. SSCURVY. — This disease arises from a depraved state of the blood, which induces general debility, and a corruption of all the fluids. It is characterized by extreme diminution of vitality, such as a very pale and bloated complexion, spongy gums, livid spots on the skin, offensive breath, swelling of the legs, foul ulcers, feti-d urine, weakness, etc. This disease arises from the want of fresh provisions, and a due quantity of vegetables; probably assisted by the prevalency of cold and moisture, and also such other causes as depress the nervous energ}-, as indolence, confinement, neglect of cleanliness, much labor and fatigue, sadness, despondency, etc. A preternatural saline state of the fluids is assigned by Dr. Cullen as its proximate cause. The re;tt^on that salted meat is so productive of scurvy is, because it is drained of its nutritious juices, which run oft' in brine, its fibres being at the same time hardened, and rendered more difllcult of digestion. Treatment. — Abstain from salt as much as possible. A diet of fresh vegetables, and a beverage strongly impi-egnated with the juice of lemons, oranges, and the sub-acid fruits, are more efficacious in the cure of this disease than the most powerful anti-scorbutic medicines. The essences of malt and spruce have likewise been found of great service, probably from ihe quantity of fixed air they contain. When I 2 266 Appendix to Medical D,epartment. lemon or orange-juice cannot be obtained, nitre dissolved in vinegar, in the proportion of 1 oz. of tlie former to 1 qt. of the latter, has been found to atford the best substitute; water acidulated with the nitric acid, is, perhaps, not less efficacious; from 1 to 2 ozs. or more of the former may be given three or four times in the course of the day; and of tlie latter, a quantity containing about 15 or 20 drops of the nitric acid may be taken every five or six hours. The vitriolic acid, the Peruvian bark, and the red sulphate of iron, are likewise very valu- able remedies in the far advanced stage of this disease. The vapor bath of bitter decoction is very appropriate. A decoc- tion of sassafras and sarsaparilla is very useful — to be taken freely; add the juice of lemon. Steam affected parts with a decoction of bitter herbs. Let the diet be vegetable, consisting chiefly of milk. Emetics are sometimes necessary; tonics always. Scurvy. — Take 2 ozs. each of field daisies and dandelion roots. Boil in 3 qts. of water down to 1 qt. Take a tea-cup night and morning. Scurvy. — John Wesley says : " Live on turnips for a month. Or, take tar-water, morning and evening, for three months. Or, 3 spoons of nettle-juice every morning. Or, decoction of burdock; boil 3 ozs. of the dried root in 2 qts. of water to 3 pts. ; take 3^ pt. daily; a de- coction of the leaves (boiling 1 leaf 4 minutes in 1 qt. of water), has the same effect. Or, take a cup of the juice of goose grass in a morn- ing, fasting, for a month ; it is frequently called harift*, or cleavers; I iiave known many persons cured by it. Or, pound into a pulp, of Seville oranges, sliced, rind and all, and powder sugar, equal quanti- ties; take a tea-spoon three or four times a day. Or, squeeze the juice of half a Seville orange into a pint of milk over the fire; sweeten the whey with loaf sugar, and drink it every morning new milk warm; to make any whey, milk should be skimmed after it is boiled. Or, pour 3 qts. of boiling water on 1 qt. of ground malt; stir them well, and let the mixture stand close covered for four hours; strain it off, and use this as common drink ; in hot weather brew this fresh every day; it will hardly fail. Or, take morning and evening a spoon or two of lemon juice and sugar; it is a precious remedy, and well tried. Water and garden cresses, mustard, and juice of scurvy grass help in a cold scurvy. When there is a continual salt taste in the mouth, take a pint of lime-water morning and evening." Scurvy in the Gruuis. — Make a strong infusion of sage, and dis- solve in it a little alum. By means of a cloth apply it to the gums. Burnt alum, mixed with honey, and the juice of celandine, is very good for scorbutic gums, and it whitens the teeth. STONE. — Stone is an accumulation of particles of gravel which unite and form a hard mass, or stone; and they enlarge by successive layers of gravel until they become very large and difficult to remove. The symptoms are itching at the extremity of the glans of the penis, an increased desire to make water, with more or less pain in making it; even when the bladder is emptied, the pain continues; sometimes there is difficulty in retaining the water ; and at other times the flow of it is liable to stop suddenly. The irritation caused by the presence of a stone often produces remote symptoms, as pain. in the back and lower limbs. Treatment.— Give diuretic medicines. (See " Gravel/') Drink strong pennyroyal tea; or a decoction of burdock, dandelion, white carrot, and parsley roots. Drink half a cup several times a day. Flannels dipped in' the stimulating liniment, combined with tincture Appendix to Medical D9partment. 267 of cayenne, with 30 drops of laudanum, may be applied externally to the region of pain. It is said that a gill of red onion juice and a pint of horsemint tea, drank morning and evening, but not together, will cause a change, and probably dissolve the stone. The following pills may be taken with great benefit : Parsley seeds, powdered, ^ oz. ; Castile soap, 1 oz. ; oil of juniper, 30 drops; solidified copaiba, 1 oz. Form into pills. Take two per day. Drink at the same time a solu- tion of saleratus. Many persons have been benefited by a decoction of the wild carrot. Injections, and the vapor bath, are very useful. When the patient finds it difiicult to make water, let him lie on his back for a while, by which the stone may be thrown to the posterior part of the body, and enable him to make water by turning on one or the other side. The diuretic pills should be taken frequently. Dr. Morris, of Canada, has found that an injection of castor oil, has great effect in relieving sufferings caused by a stone in the blad- der, and as the pain and irritation from this cause are often very great, we recommend it to the notice of those laboring under the affliction. Dr. Morris, being afflicted with the stone, tried the experiment on his own person. " 1 first rid myself of the contents of my bladder; then with a large syringe I injected through a small leaden tube, reaching to the sphincter, 2 ozs. of cold drawn castor oil, and I cannot expiess m}' feelings caused by the change which took place upon its introduction, for it seemed as if a new lower half had been given me. The relief continuing, I went to bed, and can safely say, that I had not known, for some time previous, the pleasure of a sound and uninterrupted sleep. Latterly I never awoke without a wish to make water, and the morning following was the first exception to it. When I did obey the call, I took care, finding that the oil came last, to leave as much within the bladder as I could." After this the bladder was constantly supplied with 2 or 3 ozs. of castor oil, and under this treatment every symptom of irritation van- ished, and during two months no one symptom reappeared to remind him of the existence of the calculous concretion. Stone. — Beat onions into a pulp and apply them as a poultice to the back, or to the groin. It gives speedy ease in the most racking pain. Or, take morning and evening a tea-spoon of onions, calcined in a fire shovel into white ashes, in sherry wine. An ounce will often dissolve the stone. Or, drink largely of water impregnated with fixed air. Those who have not a convenient apparatus, may substitute the following method : Dissolve 16 grs. of salt of tartar in 6 spoons of water, to which add as much water acidulated with oil of vitriol as will neutralize the salt. They are to be gradually mixed with each other, so as to prevent the effervescence or dissipation of the fixed air as much as possible. Or, boil an ounce of common thistle-root, and 4 drs. of licorice in a pint of water. Drink of it every morning. Or, take a decoction, or juice, or syrup of ground ivy, morning and even- ing. — Wesley. GALL-STONES.— The gall-bladder is very liable to have a num- ber of calculi formed in its cavity, from the salts in the secretion itself. These calculi, or gall-stones, are of many sizes and shapes; the majority, however, are about the size of a pea; others, again, are as large as a nut, or filbert, and sometimes they are found as large as a walnut. In many cases these biliary formations never quit the bladder in 268 Appendix to Medical Department, which they are formed; or if they do, when very small, pass along the duct without the person beinw" conscious of their transit. When, however, a large one, with jagged or rough edges, gets past the neck of the bladder, and into the duct, it must proceed, and in doing so causes the patient the most acute and distressing pain — a pain that, in the first instance, seems the most difficult to account for, as it com- mences suddenlj% is* attended with a sharp, cutting sensation, and though the spot at the first stage is so circumscribed as to be appar- ently covered by the point of the finger, radiating pains dart from it in all directions, through and up the baclv. The abdomen soon par- ticipates in the disturbance, and becomes tense and tender, while the stomach, sj^mpathizing, rejects its contents, and exhausting retchings are added to the distension and pain of the abdomen. Though the distance the calculus has to travel is so short — only a few inches — yet, owing to the narrowness and unyielding nature of the duct, the diam- eter of which does not exceed a crow-quill, and there being no pro- pulsive power to urge the obstruction forward, the cause of the pain and constitutional disturbance suffered will be evident to all who fleet on the nature of the parts and the obstacle to be removed. The TREATMENT in such cases as these is to relax the system as quickly as possible, allay the pain, and, if it can be efl'ected, expand the biliary duct, so as to allow the gall-stone to pass along and fall into the duodenum. The first of these objects is to be efl*ected by placing the patient in a hot bath, and retaining him in it for seven or ten minutes, and by giving a dose of the following mixture every hour till the pain abates, and by repeating the hot bath, if necessary, twice or three times in the course of the day : Take of camphor water, 6 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; tartar emetic, 2 grs.; dissolve, and add laudanum, 2 drs. ; mix. Two table-spoons to be given directly, and repeated every hour for three hours, when it is to be intermitted for some time, hot fomen- tations being laid across the stomach, and the patient being placed on his back with the legs drawn up, so as to relax the muscles of the abdomen. The hot bath, independent of its relaxing propertj-, causes the expansion of the duct, and also of the bile in the bladder, thereby acting from behind the stone as a propulsive agent, driving it into the bowel. STRICTURE OF THE RECTUM.— It often proceeds from cos- tiveness, and hardened feces, which lacerate the parts in passing down the rectum; also by drastic purges, piles, etc. The rectum becomes partially or nearly closed by tumors or scirrhus, which renders evacu- ation very painful, except the feces are in a very liquid state. Treatment — Eat chiefly bread made of unsifted flour; and small doses, two or three times a day, of the best Turkey rhubarb and magnesia; this aperient has no injurious effect; the same may be said of castor oil; they do not tend to constipation after promoting evacu- ation. The rectum may be dilated by the half of a small tallow candle, dipped in sweet oil; or by means of a bougie, sold by chemists. They should be inserted from 10 to 20 minutes. Occasionally take an injec- tiorti of slippery elm bark and castor oil; retain it as long as possible. Let the diet be mild, cooling, and easy of digestion; and, if you value ease and comfort, avoid the use of all intoxicating drinks — the great creators of piles, strictures, and diseases of the liver and heart. Appendix to Medical Departjnent. 269 SPITTING OF BLOOD.— In cases of spitting of blood, it is often difficult to determine whether it proceeds from the internal surface of the mouth, from the fauces, from the stomach, or from the lunors. When the blood is of a florid or frothy appearance, and brought up with more or less coughing:, preceded by rigors, a short tickling cough, a saltish taste, anxiety, and tightness across the chest, its source is the lungs. The blood proceeding from the lungs is usually of a florid color, and mixed with a little frothy mucus only. It may be distin- guished from bleeding from the stomach, by its being raised by hack- ing or coughing, and by its florid and frothy appearance; that from the stomach is vomited in considerable quantities, and is of a dark color. What is strictly meant by spitting of bloody is when the blood is discharged from a ruptured vessel in the lungs, which is technically called hcemoptysis. It occurs generally from the age of 16 to 35. It is often an hereditary disease, which implies a peculiar and faulty con- formation. It happens to persons who discover the smallest capacity of the lungs, by the narrowness of the chest, and by the prominency of their shoulders, an evidence of difficult respiration. It occurs in persons of a slender, delicate make; to persons of much sensibility and irritability, and whose bodies are of a delicate texture. It arises sometimes from the stoppage of the menstrual flux, from plethora, and violent exercise of the lungs. One great cause of haemoptysis is, the deposition of scrofulous matter in the substance of the lungs, forming tubercles. The blood- vessels being partially distended by the pressuie of tubercles, are easily ruptured by cough, or bodily exertion. Treatment. — Moderate the discharge of blood by avoiding what- ever tends to irritate the body and increase the action of the heart. A low diet should be strictly observed, and external heat and bodily exercise avoided ; the air of the room should be cool, and the drink (which should consist chiefly of barley-water, nciduhited with lemon- juice) taken cold, and the patient not suftered to exert his voice. After the operation of a little gentle aperient medicine, as lenitive electuary, or an infusion of senna, with a little cream-of-tartar dissolved in it, take 10 drops of laudanum, and 10 drops of elixir of vitriol, in half a cup of cold water. If there is no cough, the laudanum may be omitted. A little salt and water given will often check spitting of blood, when it comes on. Put the feet in warm water, and give as above, the elixir of vitriol, etc. Give also ipecacuanha powder in small doses, of from one to two grains every four hours. Emetics have been given in this disease with advantage by Dr. Robinson, and still more lately by Dr. Stoll, of Vienna, who observes, that in discharges of blood from the lungs, ipecacuanha powder often acts like a charm, seeming to close the open vessels sooner and more eftectually than any other remedy. The good effects of this remedy are probably the consequence of the compression the lungs undergo during vomiting, from the action of the diaphragm and expiratorv muscles. The recurrence of haemoptysis should be prevented by invigor- ating the lungs and purifying the blood, and by the use of cooling and astringent medicines. Keep in the mouth a little alum, or salt- petre. The patient should participate very freely of acidulous fi-uits, as roasted apples, oranges, lemons, etc. Alcoholic drinks should be strictly forbidden. A decoction of bark with lemon juice, or a few drops of elixir of vitriol, is of great service. 270 Appe7idix to Medical Department. When the symptoms are severe, give 8 or 10 drops of the tincture of digitalis, or a drachm of nitre dissolved in cold water, and after- wards a compound of ipecacuanha and GJauber's salt. In extreme cases, give fi'om 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol every two hours ; or give the vapor bath, and an injection, and place hot bricks to the feet ill bed. Sugar of lead, 2 grs. ; opium, }^ gr. ; made into a pill with a little honey, or molasses and licorice powder, may be given every five hours. The temporary application of cloths dipped in cold water to tlie genitals will check spitting of blood. Ice is still better. Mustard plasters applied to the legs and feet have been recommended, and found beneticial. The diet must be light and easy of digestion. The patient must avoid much speaking, and all muscular exertion, and all cold and damp. Spitting' of Blood. — Take a tea-cup of stewed prunes at lying down for two or three nights. Or, two tea-spoons of nettle-juice every morning, and a large cup of decoction of nettles at night, for a week. Or, three spoons of sage-juice in a little honey. Or, half a tea-spoon of Barbadoes tar, on a piece of lump sugar, at night; it commonly cures at once. Infusion of red roses, 5 ozs. ; syrup of poppy, 3^ oz. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 20 drops. Mix. Two tea-spoons three or four times a day. — Wesley. SPRAIN. — Take of camphorated spirit, common vinegar, spirits of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. Sprain. — Hold the part in very cold water for two hours. Or, apply cloths dipped therein, four times doubled, for two hours, chang- ing them as they grow warm. Or, bathe in good crab verjuice. Or, boil bran in wine vinegar to a poultice. Apply this warm, and renew it once in twelve hours. Or, mix a little turpentine with flour and the yolk of an ^g^, and apply it as a plaster. This cures in a desperate case. Weakness remaining after a sprain is cured by fomenting the part daily with beef brine. Suppose the ankle sprained : 1st. Foment it with warm vinegar four or five times every four hours. 2d. Stand, if you can, three or four minutes at a time on both your feet, and fre- quently move the sprained foot. Sometimes, also, while sitting with your foot on a low stool, move it to and fro. 3d. Let it be gently rubbed with a warm hand at least three times a day. 4th. Two hours after every application of the vinegar, let it be just wetted with spirits of wine, and then gently rubbed. — Wesley. Sprains. — Take a few globules of rhus toxicodendron, and apply to the sprained part this rhus liniment for about 10 minutes, and re- l)eat twice a day for three days. The rhus is sold by the homeopathic chemists. Sprains of the Muscles of the Back. — Take of Canada turpen- tine, y^ oz- ; soap liniment, 6 ozs.; and one pennyworth of laudanum. Mix, and rub well in befoj'e a hot fire. iSprains, Excellent Remedy for.— Put the white of an ^^% into a saucer; keep stirring it with a piece of alum about the size of a wal- nut, until it becomes a thick jelly; apply a portion of it on a piece of lint or tow large enough to cover the sprain, changing it for a fresh one as often as it feels warm or dry. The limb is to be kept in a hor- izontal position by placing it on a chair. POLYPUS IN THE NOSE.— Powder a lump of alum, and snuff it up frequently; then dissolve powdered alum in brandy, diphnt therein and apply it at going to bed. Appendix to Medical Department. 271 QTJI?fSY. — This disease occurs principally in spring and autumn, when vicissitudes of heat and cold are frequent. It affects especially the youn^ and sanguine, and a disposition to il is often acquired by frequent attacks. Symptoms. — It commences with an unusual sense of tightness in the throat, particularly on svvallovvmg, which is often effected with difficulty and pain. On inspection, some tumefaction and redness of the fauces may be perceived, which shortly spreads over the tonsils, iivula, and soft palate, attended with a troublesome clamminess of the mouth, fever, headache, delirium, etc. In desperate cases, the tongue and tonsils are so much swollen as to prevent deglutition, and even so as to affect respiration, that the patient is often obliged to be supported in an erect posture, to prevent suffocation. The inflammation gener- ally attacks one tonsil tirst, which in a day or two it sometimes leaves and effects the other, and not unfrequently quits them both suddenly, and flies to tlie lungs. Causes, — It is generally caused by the external application of cold air, particularly about the neck. Whatever violently stimulates the fauces, in a plethoric habit, especially, as acrid food, poisons, etc., may produce it. Treatment. — As the inflammation, from the delicate structure of the parts, soon advances to suppuration, active means should be speedily employed to disperse it. For this purpose the patient should take a full dose of the aperient mixture, and after its operation the saline mixture. One of the most effectual remedies is an emetic. This should be given as soon as the symptoms appear, and repeated as often as necessary. The throat should be steamed with a strong decoction of tansy, worm- wood, hops, and camomile flowers, boiled in vinegar and water. Put these into a large pitcher, over wliich place a funnel, that the patient may inhale the steam for 15 minutes, and repeat it every two hours until the urgent symptoms are gone. Afterwards heat the herbs and bind them on the neck. A vapor bath is also of the greatest service, benefiting the whole system, and the throat especially. Gargle the throat with a decoction of lobelia and a little gum kino. The steam of hemp-seed is said to be valuable in quinsy. If the patient is constipated, give an aperient. When the painful symptoms begin to subside, apply the rheumatic liquid warm to tlie throat, as warm and as long as the patient can bear it. Gargle the throat occasionally with a decoction of sage, hyssop, lobelia, catechu, or kino, wiih a little borax Do this frequently. Re- peat the aperients when necessar}'^, and the feet bathed in warm water and soap. Let the food, if any be taken, be verj'- simple. Give no spirits, no stimulants, and nothing cold. Hydropathy is very useful in quinsy. Dip a piece of cloth, in the form of a bandage, in cold water, wring it out, and wrap it round the throat, and over it a (Xty bandage. Repeat when hot and dry. In sore throat, black currant jelly is of great ser- vice; and so is the old plan of wrapping the stocking round the throat on going to bed. A good gargle is made of sage and vinegar, with a little sal ammoniac. A little sal prunel sucked is sometimes of great use. Apply a large white-bread toast half an inch thick, dipped in brandy, to the crown of the head till it dries; or, swallow slowly white rose water mixec* with syrup of mulberries; or, draw in as hot as you can, for ten or twelve minutes together, the fumes of red rose leaves, 272 Appendix to Medical Department. or camomile flowers, boiled in water and vinegar, or of a decoction of bruised hemp-seed. This speedily cures the sore throat, peripneumony, and iiiflammation of the uvula. — Wesley. Quinsy.— Koast three or four large onions. Peel them quickly, and beat them flat with a rolling-pin. Immediately place them in a thin muslin bag that will reach from ear to ear, and about three inches deep. Apply it speedily as warm as possible to the throat. Keep it on day and night, changing it when the strength of the onions appears to be exhausted, and substituting fresh ones. Flannel must be worn round the neck after the poultice is removed. Quinsy, Vapor for a. — Take powdered pepper, 1 oz. ; milk, 1 qt., and boil them to 13^pt.; put the whole into a glass bottle with a small neck; let the vapor be received as hot as can be borne with the mouth open. This is about the best gargle. SCIATICA.— A form of Neuralgia.— It derives its name from the pain taking the course of the Sciatic nerve down the hip and thigh. It is often connected with rheumatism and gout, and most of the remedies for those diseases are applicable to Sciatica. The vapor bath is very serviceable. Rub also with the rheumatic liquid, or the tincture of aconite; galvanism applied is also good, also an embrocation composed of one part of turpentine, two of soap and opium liniment, and one of tincture of cayenne. A hot bran poultice sprinkled with laudanum, often gives ease. Take an aperient if necessary, avoid all alcoholic drinks, and take light nourishing food. Sciatica often occurs in per- sons of broken constitutions. Tonic medicines are appropriate to them, as quinine and iron, or the bitters, which see. Sciatica. — An extremely painful affection of the sciatic nerve ; a species of neuralgia. The peculiarity of this disease lies in the fact that it is conflned merely to the nerve itself, the pain residing exclusively in that cord, from the spot where it issues from the pelvis at the flat of the hip, down the thigh and leg, till it is eventually distributed over the top of the foot, the patient being able to describe with his flnger the exact course of the nerve from the hip to the toes. Sciatica is in general regarded as a rheumatic inflammation of the sciatic nerve. Tlie symptoms of this disease are too special and distinctive to re- quire description : the acute pain along the course of the nerve is quite sufiicient to deflne the nature of the affection, without any other de- scriptive feature. The treatment alone demands our attention. In a first attack, when the pain often amounts to a degree of suffering scarcely bearable, the application of a dozen leeches on the hip, at the point where the pain seems to begin, is frequently attended with immediate relief, par- ticularly if followed up with hot anodyne fomentations, rest to the limb, and a hot brick tied to the sole of the foot. Wlien the attack comes on in paroxysms, as it often will do, and with the periodicity of neuralgia, dry cupping, accompanied with the following powder and mixture, taken as directed, will frequentl}'^ break the duration and in- tensity of the attack: Powder. — Take of carbonate of soda, 10 grs. ; ginger powder, 3 grs. ; quinine, 6 grs. Mix: to be taken two hours before the expected attack. Mixture. — Carbonate of ammonia, 2 scrs.; Dover's powder, 2 scrs. ; camphor water, 6 ozs. Mix: the fourth part to be taken half an hour before the expected attack, and two table-spoons every four hours after, till the pain is abated. Great attention must at the same time be Appendix to Medical Department, 273 paid both to the state of the stomach and bowels. "When the attack has been induced by damp or cold, or has become a regular visitor in cold weather, a poultice of mustard and flour may be applied for half an hour to the hip, while the following liniment is being rubbed along the course of the nerve from thigh to foot : Take of oil of amber, 3^oz. ; sweet oil, 23>^ ozs.; turpentine,')^ oz.; spirits of hartshorn, % oz. Mix, and form an embrocation ; to be used twice a day, night and morning. If a less exciting liniment should be required, the common tinc- ture of soap — opodeldoc — may be employed, and instead of the mixture the following sedative pills taken: Take of muriate of morphia, 1 gr. ; ginger, 5 grs. ; extract of gen- tian enough to make into a mass. Divide into four pills ; one to be taken every eight hours In cases of chronic sciatica, however, and where all ordinary meas- ures have failed of relief, the employment of moxa to the hip for ten or fifteen minutes, and a suppository of 6 grains of solid opium for an adult man or woman, will afford a certain if not a permanent relief. When sciatica proceeds from any derangement in the urinary sj^stemof organs, 5 drops of turpentine on a lump of sugar, taken three times a day, is often of the best effect, and will afford relief when all other remedies fnil. TYPHUS FEVER.— From the Greek tuphos, stupor. It is gener- ally indicated by certain well-marked symptoms. It is characterized by great lethargy, prostration of muscular power, and sometimes de- lirium. It commences with pain in the head, slight shiverings, vomiting, debility, sighing, loss of appetite, oppressive breathing, great mental anxiety and depression, uneasiness in the back; the pulse is quick and small, dry tongne, with a brown or black crust; urine pale, then high- colored with a bad smell, evacuations black and offensive, breath hot and oftensive. The delirium becomes more constant, and at length changes to a stupor. An eruption of livid spots sometimes appears. Great purging, cold, clammy perspiration, and hiccup, precede its fatal termination. The favorable termination of typhus is indicated by a gradual de- crease of those symptoms; by the disappearance of stupor in the face of tlie patient, and his increasing attention to things around him; the pulse becomes moderate, the heat of the skin natural, the tongue be- comes clean, etc. Treatment. — If there is nausea, oppression, and sickness, give an emetic; and if the patient is chilly, give the vapor bath, and then the sudoritic powder to promote perspiration, which will give much ease, and dislodge from the fauces phlegm, and other morbific matter en- dangering suffocation. Observe an emetic in the first stages of typhus is of the utmost importance, and at any time before prostration com- mences. It has been known to restrain the disease instantly, and in many cases to mitigate the symptoms. If the patient is constipated, aperients must be given. But if there is a tendency to diarrhea, they must be omitted, or be administered sparingly ; a small dose of rhubarb and magnesia may act as a correct- ive, or a single tea-spoon of castor oil. Dr. Beach says, " In typhus, the brain and the system generally, are thrown into an unhealthy state, by an accumulation of acrid and vitiated bile, and matter collected in the stomach and first passages, caused by an inactive and torpid state of the liver. Delirium, great 274 Appendix to Medical Department. heat, and prostration of strength, take place from this cause. The spiTipathy existing between these organs is surprising; if one is healthy so is'another; if one is in a morbid condition, those that sympathize witli it are also diseased. Hence the very great importance of exciting a healthy state of the stomach, liver, and the whole alimentary canal. Aperients are admirably calculated to fulfil this indication. They cleanse and stimulate at the same time; and although a patient may be very weak, he will gain strength under the administration of repeated purgaUjves. They may be given in moderate doses, in protracted cases, every other day. Persons in a very low or distressed state of typhus fever will soon assume a more healthy appearance after the administra- tion of purgatives. The combination of a tonic, as a solution of quinine, with purgatives, would render them more beneficial. A Scotch physician observes, " By oft sponging the surface of the body with cold water and vinegar, and the application of cold to the head, and bathing the feet in warm water, the discomfort and headache of the patient may be mitigated. Pain in the belly, or tenderness, in typhoid fever is best met by the use of warm fomentations." Where there is great sensibility and swelling of the abdomen, showing an inllammatory state of the intestines, and where the stomacli rejects medicines the use of injections is indicated. The saline mixture should be given in a state of effervescence ; or a table-spoon of yeast twice a day. Fixed air aftbrds as much relief as any medicine, and has, in some instances, proved an eftectual remedy, not by counteracting putrescency, but by cooling the body, abating thirst, and diminishing the morbid irritability of the system. Let the patient drink balm and pennyroyal tea, and take the dia- phoretic powder; for no medicines stand higher than those which pro- duce perspiration ; though too much sweating must not be promoted, as debility may follow. A mere moisture of the skin through the disease, must be maintained. In thirst give a tea-spoon of spirits of nitre in a weak decoction of Peruvian bark. The juice of houseleek and sugar is an excellent febrifuge. See " Plouseleek." Frequently wash the body with cold or tepid, or warm water and vinegar. The salu- tary eftccts are often soon visible. Rub the body well with the flannel and liquid. Great attention must be paid to cleanliness. The patient's face, breast, neck, etc., must be often washed, his linen often changed; there must be good ventilation, and plentiful fumigation. Sprinkle the room with vinegar, camphorated spirits, or chloride of lime. Acidulous fruits should be given, as grapes, oranges, lemons, etc. If the throat is sore, give the appropriate gargles. Should the patient sink in the ad- vanced stages, give port wine diluted with the same quantity of water. Give a wine glass several times a day. Or a little weak brandy, am- monia, and water, mixed warm. If the feet are cold, put to them a bottle of hot water, wrapped in a vinegar and water cloth, and rub the surface of the body with the stimulating liniment. If signs of putres- cency appear, give yeast in a little wine, adding two tea-spoons of fresh powdered charcoal, and a little solution of quinine. Bottled porter may also be given. Let the patient be supported by beef-tea, gruel, etc. Should one part of the body be heated more than another, apply to the heated part a poultice of hops and vinegar, with a little tincture of caj'enne. In diarrhea, lime water is a suitable remedy ; when more severe< chalk mixture with a little laudanum may be substituted; when blood appears, more decided astringent remedies are needed, as gallic acid, oj Appendix to Medical Department. 275 acetate of lead. In typhus fever, bed sores, by long lying, are formed. Wash the skin with rum or other spirit to prevent this. If broken, ap- ply a healing plaster, or a poultice made of slippery elm and butter. ULCER. — An ulcer is an injury done to the flesh from which issues matter, or some kind of discharge, with more or less pain and inflammation. The common ulcer should be kept clean and cool, and protected from the atmosphere, especially in frosty or cold weather. It should be washed now and then with warm soap-water. Put upon it a little lint, wet occasionally with salt and water, and put over it the black salve. Perhaps the best dressings are the saturnine cerate, described hereafter. Poultices made of the oak bark, sumach bark, may be used alternately. Sometimes ulcers are very irritable, tender, and painful. They discharge a thin acrid fluid. They should be steamed every night with a bitter decoction, and occasionally washed with an infusion of camo- mile flowers, or a strong decoction of wild cherry bark, with a little spirit. Poultice with slippery elm, mixed with a strong decoction of poplar bark, and a trifle of salt. Repeat, as required. If the ulcer or ulcers are indolent, steam as before, and apply the cancer plaster, with only a trifle of the white vitriol mixed with it; or, sprinkle the ulcer with powdered blood-root. Sometimes ulcers become very much inflamed, and assume a livid color; they are covered with small vesicles or blisters, as in mortifica- tion. Wash the ulcer with tincture of myrrh, and apply a poultice made of charcoal, yeast, slippery elm, ginger, and a minute portion of tincture of cayenne. Bear it as long as possible. Then apply the saturnine cerate. The following is recommended by Dr. Beach: Take sweet clover tops and stalks, burdock leaves, and parsley, a handful of each ; get the strength out by boiling; strain, and add 1 lb. of resin, and ^ lb. of fresh butter; simmer until of a proper consistence. A cold water cloth constantly applied is a good remedy. Put a little ceiate on the ulcer previouslj\ Attend to the general health, by cleansing the stomach and bowels, and then giving tonics. Saturnine Cerate. — Powdered acetate of lead, 2 drs. ; white wax, 2 ozs. ; olive oil, half a pint. Melt the wax in the oil, and add gradually the acetate of lead, separately rubbed down with a portion of the oil reserved for that purpose. Ulcer. — Dry and powder a walnut leaf, and strew it on, and lay another walnut leaf on that. Or, boil walnut-tree leaves in water with a little sugar. Apply a cloth dipped in this, changing it once in two daj^s. This has done wonders. Or, foment morning and evening with a decoction of walnut tree leaves, and bind the leaves on. This has cured foul bones; j'^ea, and a leprosy. Foment morning and even- ing with a decoction of mint; then sprinkle on itflnely-powdered rue. Or, burn to ashes, but not too long, the stalks on which the red cole- worts grow. Make a phister of this and fresh butter. Change it once a day. Or, apply a poultice of boiled parsnips. This will cure even when the bone is foul. — Wesley. Ulcerated Gums. — Dilute elixir of vitriol, so as to make it slightlj'- acid, and wash the mouth frequently with it. Or wash with diluted tincture of myrrh. Ulcerous' Sores. — See " Logwood." URINE, INVOLUNTARY.— It proceeds from weakness of the 276 Appendix to Medical Department urinary organs caused by the great use of tea and coffee, ardent spir- its, etc. It is often an attendant of advanced life, especially when the habits have been irregular. It sometimes results from paralysis. It is a very troublesome complaint. "If the patient can endure it, use the cold bath. Or, take a tea- spoon of powdered agrimony in a little water, morning and evening. Or, a quarter of a pint of alum posset every night." — Wesley. Make a decoction of bayberry bark, hemlock bark, wild cherry- tree bark. Bruise them. Take a wine-glass at a time. Use at the same time the diuretic drops. Take occasionally 6 or 7 drops of laud- anum in a little water. Abstain from tea and coftee, or reduce the quantity taken. Ardent spirits must be abandoned, and all liquids sparingly taken. When it is occasioned by stone or gravel, it requires tlie same treatment as recommended for the latter disease. When it is the con- sequence of morbid irritation of the bladder^ prostrate gland, or dis- ease in the urethra, the tincture of buchu leaves in the dose of two tea-spoons two or three times a day, in a large wine-glass of the decoc- tion of marshmallow root, is a very valuable remedy. If incontinence of urine proceeds from paralysis, a blister must be applied to the upper part of the sacrum. Or rub the region of the bladder with tincture of cayenne, or with the anti-spasmodic tincture. Give also an injection of anti-spasmodic tincture, 1 table-spoon ; warm water, 3^ pt. ; slippery elm, 2 tea-spoons. This course of treatment is applicable when the disease arises from nervous debility. Dr. Beach recommends the use of the tincture of cantharides in doses from 10 to 20 drops three times a day in half a cup of linseed tea. Linseed tea is an appropriate drink; add sometimes 5 or 6 drops of laudanum. If it proceeds from obstructed perspiration, the secretion should be restored. Use the sudorif.c powder, or the vapor bath. Inconti- nence of urine may be benefited by bathing the body every morning with salt and water; and afterwards rubbing with the stimulating liniment. Urine, Hot and Scalding. — It may arise from various causes; from inflammation of the kidneys, uterus, alcoholic drinks, luxurious diet, excessive venerj-, etc. Take the juice of ground-ivy in linseed tea, with a little sweet spirits of nitre. Drink cooling and mucilaginous drinks. Let the diet be light and spare. Buttermilk is very appropriate. See "Diuretic Drops;" for this complaint they are effectual. Urine, Bloody, — " Take twice a day copious draughts of infusion of yaiTow." — Wesley. It generally indicates some other disease. Give small doses of a solution of gum kino, and gum arable, and alum, to which add from 8 to 16 drops of laudanum. The diuretic drops may be given, half a tea-spoon at a time, two or three times a day. When blood is discliarged with the urine in a plethoric habit, the use of on aperient medicine is necessary. (See "Castor Oil.") The saline purgatives are in this case inadmissible, on account of their rendering the urine more irritating. The diet should be low, unless the patient be much reduced, or the discliarge of blood be the conse- quence of ulceration of the kidnej^s or bladder. In all cases, stimu- lants, as pepper, salt, etc., should be avoided. When it is occasioned bj'' the mechanical action of a stone in the bladder, or gravel in the kidneys or ureters, it will require the treat- ment recommended for those complaints. When ulceration is the Appendix to Medical Department. 277 cause (which is known from its being attended with a discharge of matter), the essential oil of turpentine, in the dose of 12 drops, in marsh mallow-root tea, has generally a very happy effect. The buchu leaves with gum arable, in these affections, haA-e also proved particu- larly serviceable, as the following : Take of infusion of the buchu leaves, 8 ozs. ; tincture of the same, 6 drs.; mucilage of gum arable, 3 ozs. Three table-spoons of this mixture may be taken three times a day. Urine, Suppression of. — It may proceed from gravel. (See "Gravel.") " Drink largely of warm lemonade. Or, take a scruple of nitre every two hours. Or, a spoon of lemon-juice sweetened with syrups of violets." — Wesley. Immerse the feet in warm water and soap, and drink parsley-root tea. Take half a pint of spearmint tea, to which add 3 tea-spoons of sweet spirits of nitre, and a wineglass of Holland gin. Sweeten it with sugar or honey. Repeat, if necessary. If the disease is obstin- ate, steam with the vapor bath, or put the patient into a warm bath. Apply the tincture of cayenne over the bladder; and then a poultice of hops, if there is much pain. Or, give an injection of lobelia herb; slippery elm bark, and valerian; balm water, a small cup. Infuse 15 minutes. Take at the same time the diuretic drops in pennyroyal tea. An aperient may be useful. Parsley tea, spirits of mint, sweet spirits of nitre, and a little camphorated spirits, all combined, have often effected a cure. The diuretic drops, urinary decoction, and infusions of spearmint, are verj'^ efficient. Also decoctions or infusions of white poplar bark, dandelion root, linseed, queen of the meadow, cleavers, sweet shrub, juniper berries, uva ursi, commonly called bearberry coolwort. Urinary Decoction. — Cleavers, queen of the meadow, marshmal- lows, juniper berries, of each, 2 ozs. Boil in 4 qts. of water down to 1 qt. Dose. — A small cup a day. TOOTHACHE REMEDIES.— The following are good : Oil of cloves, 3^ dr. ; laudanum, 2 drs. ; powdered alum, 1 dr. ; spirits of nitre, 2 drs. ; chloroform, 3^ dr. Mix. Apply with lint. A mixture of two parts of the liquid ammonia of commerce, with one of some simple tincture, (tincture of Benjamin, etc.,) is a good remedy for toothache. A piece of lint dropped into this mixture and introduced into the carious tooth, when the nerve is immediately cau- terized, and the pain stopped. Saturate a little cotton wool with oil of cloves, and put it to the tooth. The oil of cloves might be kept ready in a bottle. It would be more efficacious if mixed with camphor, and two or three drops of chloroform. Or creosote, 1 part; spirits of wine, 10 parts; mix, and apply. Sometimes diluted ammonia relieves the toothache. Also a mix- ture of camphor, laudanum, oil of cloves, and chloroform. Mix well. Or keep in the mouth warm water and salt, with one fourth of laud- anum. Take of alum, in powder, 2 drs. ; spirits of nitre, 7 drs. Mix, and apply it to the teeth. Take 3 spoons of brandy, adding to it 1 dr. of camphor, with 30 or 40 drops of laudanum. JDrop a little on some lint. Apply it to the affected tooth and gum. A little tincture of cayenne would be an im- provement. ^ Be electrified through the teeth. Or apply to the aching tooth an artificial magnet. Or lay roasted parings of turnips, as hot as may 278 Appendix to Medical Department. be, behind the ear. Or lay a clove of g^arlic on the tooth. Or keep the feet in warm water, and rub them well with bran just before bed- time. Alum reduced to an impalpable powder, 3 drs. ; nitrous spirit of ether, 1 scr. ; mix, and apply to the tooth. Or, take of compound tincture of Benjamin, and Battley's solution of opium, of each, 1 dr. ; mix. A little dropped on cotton, and applied to the hollow, and the gum of a decayed tooth, will afford effectual relief. Take of tincture of cayenne, oil of cloves, and oil of summer savory, equal parts; put into 3 table-spoons of spirit of wine; add 6 drops of chloroform. Apply to the affected tooth and gums. Apply to the face at the same time a flannel bag of hops and camomile flow- ers saturated with hot vinegar, and 30 drops of laudanum. Warm water and salt kept in the mouth for some time, and re- newed, is a good remedy. Toothache, To Prevent. — Wash the mouth with cold water every morning, and rinse them after every meal. Or, rub the teeth often with tobacco ashes. — Wesley. TOOTH POWDERS.— The following are recommended : Take ^ oz. of powdered gum myrrh; 1 oz. of powdered bark; 2 drs. of cream-of-tartar; 1 dr. of bole ammoniac; mix in a m'ortar. A con- stant use of this powder will cause the teeth to obtain a beautiful whiteness, and preserve them from decaying, and prevent the tooth- ache. Peruvian bark, charcoal, armenian bole, of each, ^ oz.; pow- dered cinnamon, and bicarbonate of soda, of each, 3^ oz. ; oil of cin- namon, 4 drops. Mix. One to Cure a Bad Breath. — Cream-of-tartar and chalk, each, % oz. ; myrrh, powdered charcoal, 2 drs.; powdered orris root, 1^ dr.; powdered Peruvian bark, 2 drs. Mix well together. Rubbing the gums with salt occasionally destroys the aniraalculai which probably cause decay and aching of the teeth. Pounded charcoal very fine, 2 ozs. ; Peruvian bark, 1 oz. ; cam- phor, % oz. Pjepared chalk, orris root, and charcoal, powdered, equal parts. Coftee newly ground fine, mixed with charcoal, is a first-rate powder. Scent as you like. Powdered cuttle-fish, 8 ozs.; powdered charcoal, 2 ozs.; burnt alum, 1 oz. ; powdered myrrh, 1 oz. Mix. TOOTH WASHES.— Tincture of myrrh, diluted with water, and camphorated spirits. Or, a solution of borax and camphorated spirit combined. VOMITING. — It is generally preceded by the sensation of nausea and sickness, and a disposition to faint. Endeavor to ascertain the particular condition on which it depends. If it arises from some irri- tating substance in the stomach, as bile, then the stomach should be thoroughly cleansed. Take a beer-glass of warm water, and about one hour afterward an effervescing draught, in which drop a very little tincture of cayenne. The neutralizing mixture is an appropriate remedy ; also the black draught, or one of the aperients. A mustard poultice over the stomach, and 10 drops of laudanum in a little brandy and watei', tend to settle the stomach. Vomiting Blood. — The escape of blood by vomiting is carefully to be distinguished from the expectoration of blood from the lungs. If from the stomach, the blood will be dark and clotted, and mixed Appendix to Medical Department, 279 with the contents of the stomach. The blood from the lungs is a bn'o-ht red, often frothy and mixed with mucus. It is generally preceded %x chilliness, nausea, heaviness, and pain at the stomach. It is followed by great weakness, and from that the dan<^er chiefly arises. The patient should be placed in bed immediatelv, and be perfectly quiet. Place the feet and hands in warm water, and apply mustard plasters to the calves of the legs. The following draught may be very serviceable : Infusion of roses, 12 drs.; diluted sulphuric acid, 10 drops; syrup of roses, 1 dr.; tincture of opium, 10 drops; mix. Or, take acetate of lead, 3 grs.; purified opium, 1 gr.; exti-act of hemlock, 10 grs. Make 3 pills, one to be taken twice a day; drink after them iced lemon-juice and water, or vinegar and water. Use the vapor bath, if the person is cold and chilly, and afterwards apply hot bricks saturated in vine- gar and water to the feet and sides. If there be constipation, give aperients, or a mild injection. Sometimes the vomiting of blood proceeds from the retention of the menses. (See "Menses, Retention of.") Retching.— The act of vomiting, or rather those impotent strain- ings when the stomach is either eniiity, or the amount in it too small to be ejected by the force of the abdominal mnscles. As such spas- modic actions are extremely exhausting, it is always best to give the stomach something to tlirow up, either simple warm water, or, if a .crude or ])oisonous substance is in the stomach, an emetic. Seven or 8 drops of hydrocyanic acid, or 10 drops of laudanum, in water, will sometimes afl*ord inimedhite relief; but in general, 1 or 2 half-pints of warm water will be found the best remedy for ordinarv cases of dry retching. YArORS, OR LOW SPIRITS.— This is a state of the system popularly known by the term nervousness; and if the non-professional part of society only used it, tlie term might be excused, but medical men who should know better employ it too often as the name of a disease. A late Duchess of Bedford, when at Bath, inquired what brought so many of her friends there, and being generally answered " nervous- ness," '* the nerves," or "nervous affection," acknowledged that she came there for pleasure, and thanked God that she was born before nerves came into fashion. One object we have had in view in this work has been to show the reader tlie simple cause and effect of all ailments, as far as professional knowledge went, and to avoid the jar- gon of technicality, or the mystification of medical practice, and by laying the truth before the reader, leave to his own good sense the drawing of the proper inference; trusting that, like the Duchess of Bedford, he will be able to separate truth from cant. Nervousness, then, is not a disease; there is, in fact, no such thing, but there is a state of physical and mental prostration or debil- ity, the consequence most jfrequently of functional derangement, in which the person becomes bodily weak and mentally timid, and in which at times the imagination grows strangely perverted, the patient often believing himself converted into a glass bottle of so fragile a nature, that if abruptly handled he will break and be instantly anni- hilated; in some cases, again, the delusion is so strong, that the patient believes himself dead, lays out his limbs, closes his eyes, and assumes for hours, and even days, the semblance of a corpse. These and such like cases are generally called hypochondriasis. To undeceive such patients and effect a cure is a most difficult task. In one instance the 28o Appendix to Medical Department, delusion of death was so rooted in the patient's mind, that the physi- cian, to save hhn from dyinj^ in reality from inanition, had the under- taker called in, the patient put in a cotfin properly prepared for the occasion, and his obstinate patient carried to the churchyard, where a poor relative, whom the supposed deceased had greatly benefited, met the procession, and so vilified the memory of his patron, that the en- raged patient, who was enabled to hear every- word, burst out of his coflSn, and, giving chase to the ungrateful detractor, ran till from ex- haustion he fell to the ground, when he was taken home, put to bed, and in a few hours was perfectly recovered — the powerful circulation of the blood, the mental excitement, and the perspiration consequent on the exertion of the chase, having effected a cure. For the cases where patients fancy themselves dumb waiters, tables, teapots, or to have lost their legs, it is impossible to lay down any rule of medical conduct; the particular features of the case must suggest their own remedy. We shall consequently return to the more ordinary form in which we find vapors, and commence with the usual — Symptoms, which begin with languor, oppressed breathing, a sense of heat at the stomach, listlessness, indifllerence, and want of energy to perform the most trivial duty, a melancholy sadness, and distressing forebodings of future events, with great fear and apprehension of personal danger from the most unreal causes, and so firm an opinion that his own view of things relating to himself is true, and must b« realized, that no argument on the part of the physician can undeceive the patient's mind. The CAUSES of this mental depression and physical weakness are almost always functional, and proceed from dyspepsia, biliaiy disturb- ance, enlarged liver, etc., each cause acting on a naturally melancholic temperament. The great fear in this disease is the probability of the case degenerating into confirmed melancholia, or melancholy madness. The TREATMENT indicated is first to restore energy to the brain and nervous system, and then to remove the dyspepsia or the func- tional causes. The first is to be eft'ected by change of scene, fresh society, and amusements, or by any means that will divert the patient's mind from his own case and imagined sufferings, by rural sports, mod- erate exercise, gaining his confidence, and condoling, but never by ridiculing his feelings or foibles, and finally by persuasive arguments, inducing him to attempt the measures suggested; only a portion of the scheme of treatment proposed being told to him at once. This is by far the most important, and also the most difficult part of the cure. The second, or medical treatment, lies in giving tonics of quinine and iron, and anti-spasmodics, as those of camphor, valerian, opium, ether, etc. ; mild aperients, and the occasional use of the tepid and cold bath; and in a carefully arranged dietary, the amount of wine or stimulants being regulated by the condition of the patient. Where great debility, with a disinclination for all solid food, is experienced, a table spoon of the cordial medicine known as the com- pound tincture of cardamomsof the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, taken about eleven o'clock in the forenoon, an hour before dinner, and again in the evening, will frequently act most successfully as a stimulant and stomachic. In cases where there is both apathy for food with indiges- tion, and great nervous depression, a tea-spoon of Gregoiy's powder in a little peppermint water, two or three times a day, with a dose of the following mixture, will often be found highly beneficial, especially if assisted by an assaf cetida pill at bed-time every third night: Appendix to Medical Department 281 Take of carbonate of ammonia, 1 scr. j Camphor water, A:% ozs. ; compound tincture of valerian, 4 drs. ; paregoric, 1 oz. ; tincture of lavender, 2 drs.; compound spirits of ether, 3 drs.; mix. One table- spoon to be taken every four hours, or 2 table-spoons twice a day. WHITE SWELLING.— This is a very painful disease; it more frequently affects the knee than any other joint; sometimes the hip, ankle, and elbow. At first a severe pain is felt penetrating the joint,' or only one particular part of the joint. The least motion aggravates the pain. It soon begins to swell considerably, and suppurafion takes place. Matter is discharged from several openings or ulcers, the bones are affected; and if the disease is not arrested, the life of the patient is endangered. Treatment.— Avoid the old system of treatment by the allopathic doctors, by mercury, blistering, setons, amputation, etc. Attend to the stomich and bowels, giving an emetic, and an aperient, if needed; to be followed by bitter tonics occasionally, giving the alterative syrup, diluted when first taken; or a decoction of sarsaparilla, sassafras, gui- acum, queen's delight, unicorn root, cleavers, prickly ash berries, of each, 1 oz. Simmer in a covered pan with two quarts of water down to three pints. Sweeten. A dessert-spoon three or four times a day. Steam the part with bitter herbs, and now and then give the vapor bath to the whole body. After steaming the affected part, rub the limb with the rheumatic liniment. Dr. Beach recommends the following : " Oil of hemlock, oil of sassafras, gum camphor, tincture of opium, % oz. each, and 1 pt. of spirit of wine. When dissolved and properly mixed, bathe the part with It frequently." Then apply an oatmeal and bran poultice, mixed with a little finely powdered charcoal, salt, and cayenne pepper. If the pain is great, sprinkle on the poultice ^ oz. of laudanum. Keep it on as long as possible, and then steam. White Swelling.— The pain arising from white swelUngs, and other similar swellings, may be instantly eased thus : Take the white of an Qgg, and beat it up with two ta])le-spoons of spring water; rub the part affected frequently, but gently, with the finger. White Swellings.— Hold the part half an hour every mornino- under a pump or cock. This cures all pains in the joints. It seldom fails. Tried. Or, pour on it daily a stream of warm water. Or, a stream of cold water one day, and warm the next, and so on by turns. Use these remedies at first, if possible. It is likewise proper to inter- mix gentle purges, to prevent a relapse. Or, boiled nettles.— TFe^Zey. WOltMS.— The worms found in the human body are mostly the ascaricles, tlie thread-worm, infesting the lower intestine, causing much itching and irritation about the anus. The teres, or long round worm, generally seated in the small intestines, and stomach. The symptoms denoting the existence of worms are common to the dittereut species, viz., indigestion, with a variable appetite; foul tongue; offensive breath; hard, full, and tense belly, with occasional gripings and pains about the navel; heat and itching sensation in the rectum and about the anus; the eyes heavy and dull; itching of the nose; short, dry cough; grinding of the teeth: and starting during sleep, attended often with a slow fever. The indications of cure are, first, to clear the stomach and intes- tines of redundant slime, and afterwards to strengthen the stomach and bowels, so as to destroy the disposition to their generation. ^ Give an emetic once or twice a week, in order to rid the stomach of impurities, slime, and morbific matter, the cause of worms. Attend 282 Appendix to Medical Department to the state of the bowels, for they are often irregular through worms. A close of the composition powder given night and morning, and bit- ter tonics during the day, will be of essential service. This should be continued a weelv or two. Lime-water being capable of dissolving the mucus in which the worms breed, may be taken; a tea-cup two or three times a day— less for a child. Take with it the tonic mixture, or bitters. It is very effectual in relieving children. The following infusion is valuable : Best senna, Carolina pink- root, manna, worm-seed, rhubarb, 3^ oz. of each. Bruise them, and infuse for two or three hours in boiling water. Sweeten with molasses. Give to a child six years old 3 table-spoons a day. Sweets should be avoided. Salt and water tal^en in the morning will expel worms, especially the seat worms. It may be made by dis- solving a table-spoon of salt in half a pint of water. It may also form an injection to bring away tiie ascarides. Camphor is another remedy. Dissolve 10 grs. in a little spirit of wine, and add it now and then to the tonic bitters. Worms, Various Remedies for the Cure of.— Take 1 oz. of tin, finely powdered, and 2 drs. of Ethiop's mineral, mixed together; divide it into 6 powders, and take 1 of them, in a little syrup, twice a day; when they are used, work them oflF with a little rhubarb. Or — Jalap, ^ oz. ; powdered rhubarb, 34 oz. ; gamboge, 2 drs.; syrup of bear's-foot, sufficient to make it into a paste; then make it into or- dinary sized lozenges. Dose. — For a child three j^ears old, \^ a loz- enge; six years, 1 lozenge; and so on, according to years. Or — Spirits of turpentine, in doses of from 8 drops to 1 tea-spoon, in gruel sweetened. Or — Cowhage mixed with molasses. Give a child 1 tea-spoon fasting for three or four mornings successively— an adult 1 table-spoon. Then give a purge. Powdered rust of iron is a good vermifuge. It expels the worms and strengtliens the constitution. To a ciiihl six years old from 10 to 40 grs. may be given. An adult may take 3^ oz. It may be given in molasses or in beer. Dr. Rush says : " Of all the worin medicines that I have given, I know none more safe and certain than this simple preparation of iron." It should always be followed by an aperient. The common male fern-root is a certain remedy for the taper-\\ovvi\. Two or 3 drs. of the powdered root to be taken in the morning, no supper having been taken the niglit before. It generally sickens a little. A brisk purgative is to be given a few hours after, which some- times brings off the worm entire; if not, the same course must be followed at due intervals. For the success of this remedy, the root should be recently gathered, as after being kept long in the shoi^s its activity is diminished or destroyed. Worms. — Take 2 tea-spoons of brandy, sweetened with loaf sugar, every morning. Or, 1 spoon of the juice of lemons. Or, take 2 tea-spoons of worm-seed mixed with molasses, for six mornings. Or, 1, 2, or 3 drs. of powdered fern-root boiled in mead. Tills kills both the flat and i-ound worms. Repeat the medicine from time to time. — Wesley. Worm Fever.— Boil a handful of rue and wormwood in water; foment the belly with the decoction, and apply the boiled herbs as a poultice; repeat the application night and morning. This frequently brings away worms from children who will take no internal medicine, and is likewise serviceable if the fever be of the putrid kind. — Wesley. Appendix to Medical Department 283 ^.r^^'?^^ Seeds.-The seeds of this American plant form a powerful vermifuge It speedily expels round and other worms from the intes- tines. Ihe seeds are given in substance from 10 grains, or half a drachm finely powdered, strewed on bread and butter, or made into an e ectuary with honey or molasses. After using some days, give an aperient, and the tonic bitters. ^ "^ ' ^ rmwin ^^^it''''""^'"^ ^^^^ "^^ ^^'^ ^^^ ^^s<^- Five to ten drops of the oil fbi an Zlu.'''^^"' """^ ^.^«"^°^«'^ d^^se f«r a child. Or. twelve drops Worm Syrup.— Senna, Carolina pink, of each. 1 oz.; peach leaves, pure water, near boilmg; shake up in a bottle for a day; then add a cup ot spirit of wine. Shake up several times a day for a week, keep- ng the bottle m a vyarm place. Then add another cup of hot water in which has previously been infused half a tea-spoon of cayenne ^?Z"fn ^> ' n^'P^ is valuable. It will cause all kinds of worms o f dav T,!.;.?'''^-"^-^' ^ ^,^^^^ '^^ ^^'''' «1^' ^ tea-spoon four times -wATTx^d^ be given m well sweetened coffee. nuUJ>l>S.— Apply juice or powder of yarrow. Or. leaves of ground-ivy upon It. Or, wood-betony bruised. This quckly heals even cut veins and sinews, and draws out thorns or splinLs.-VS th«J^'*""**'~;^'' .^J"?'^?^ *"^«"^ Mortifyiug.-Spriiikle sugar upon them, or powdered blood-root. j 9 t^ e,<*i upuu Wounds— Putrid.— Wash them morning and evening with warm tTrZll' ^^''r''^- Ifti'^y heal too so^on, and a mfttei gaXS nnl n f l-nPi^^^n^ poultice of the leaves pounded, changinf them rZp« ±^ ^'^^/''"- 1 ^^'i^ly a carrot poultice; but if a gangrene comes on, apply a wheat flour poultice (after it has been by the fire till It be^ns to ferment) nearly cold. It wiJl not fail. foLo ^i^"*'?~''^^^*^V,"^** *^^ Bleeding of.-Where it can be done, take a bandage, handkerchief, or garter, and put it round the limb betwixt the wound and the heart, and tie it tight. It will answer the purpose of a tourniquet, and stop the bleeding till effectual relief can be given. In many cases, it might save life. n n.Sn' fH^'^ ^ ^'JS^'^f ^ ^^ ^'""^^ ^''^ ^o^*'" it into a little ball, and press It upon the mouth ot any bleeding vein or artery. Apply lint and wound ^tTcfr'' '" \r"lf V-'^' ''^^' ^"^ ^^^^^^' a^^d bind^ tl/em on the wound, to suppress the bleeding. sobvii.Pn^ffnTnn"'^'^^'^ together, and keep them thn/rw^l adhesive plaster, compresses, and a bandage. Wounds iW. wit h "h-in/Ti k'^^^ T''^'^"/ suppuration. Frequently wet the dress- ihfiy ri'"'^ ^''^°'^^ ''^^^ '^•^it. Let tlie dressings remain two or ItP .n7LJ '"{;i^"^?tion takes place, remove the adhesive plaster, etc., and apply a bread pouliice, or the slippery elm bark poultice- fnL'?nHn^r'^'^'^^ '^' ''^''' r' ^^^''''- I" ^'^ «t- proud flesl! appear! ing, sprinkle sugar, or powdered bloodroot upon the wound ; or apply as a lotion the diluted solution of chloride of soda, or chloride of lime- that is, 111 proportion of 1 oz. of the solution to a pint of water. Or use a few grams of the vegetable caustic. YARROW.— This plant is well kown. The infusion taken inwardlv and applied outwardly as a wash, is good for piles, and sores. It is ex- cellent tor flux, looseness, and nervous melancholy. The powder is recoinmended for colic, ague, whites; and it is very useful in colds. vi'i'i\^ii!^-^'^^?]lil?^^''^ discharge of urine in children, chillv furVo- P^*^R--'i^he first stage usually begins with weariness, cniiiy tits, famtness, giddiness, flushing of the face, redness of the eyes 284 Appendix to Medical Department. pain in the eye-balls, foreheau, back, great weakness, anxiety, thirst, and lethargy. The urine is high colored, deticient, and turbid. The tongue is covered with a dark fur; tlie perspiration is irregular, inter- rupted and lessened; the bile is secreted in unusual quantities, and speedily ejected from the stomach. The skin is very dry, hot, and hard. The eyes, face, and breast become yellow. This stage of the disease lasts about 48 hours. The symptoms be- gin to abate, by which the patient is flattered; but returning aggrava- ted symptoms soon undeceive him. He becomes verj'^ debilitated; putrefaction takes place; large patches of livid spots appear on differ- ent parts of the body; the tongue becomes dry and black; black fur on fne teeth, and oft blood from the mouth, nose, nostrils, etc. The whole body often exhibits a livid yellow. The causes may be contagion, the use of ardent spirits, marbleizing the liver, destroying digestion, etc. It may be caused by cold, wet feet and clothes, obstructing perspiration, etc. Treatment. — The first object must be to excite action in the stomach, bowels, liver, and skin. Give an emetic; clear the bowels by a brisk purgative. Give the diaphoretic powder, and place the patient in the vapor bath, regulating the heat according to the strength of the patient. While in the bath let the patient drink balm, pennyroyal, or catnip tea. When he comes out of the bath, place him in a warm bed, well covered with blankets to produce perspiration. If he perspires, gradually lessen the covering. If vomiting prevails, give the neutralizing mixture, a table-spoon every half hour till the vomiting ceases. If the stomach be very irri- table, give with the neutralizing mixture a drachm of Epsom salts to each dose, in a little tea; if the vomiting does not abate, persevere with the medicine, and apply mustard plasters to the stomach and feet twice a day. Do not neglect aperients; for it is of the highest impor- tance to promote the natural evacuations. Attend also to the skin. If dr}^ hot, and parched, give an infusion of boneset, to be drank freelj^ to promote perspiration. If this should fail, give the Sudorific Powder, or the Sweating Drops till perspiration takes place. Should they cause too much sickness, give lemonade or cream-of-tartar water. In the West Indies they affect a cure by drink- ing an infusion of boneset, by using the warm or vapor bath, and bathing the body with lemon juice with water, or warm vinegar and water. WARTS. — These may be cured by daily touching the top with the pure tincture of Rhus Toxicodendron or Poison Oak, which grows in this country. It is sold by homepathic chemists. The application should be continued for a few weeks. Or, touch them frequently with blue vitriol; or, nitric acid; or, chloride of zinc. A bit of impure potass moistened should be applied to the warts a few minutes, so as to leave a whitish paste upon them; put over it a sticking plaster for a week. Repeat if needed. Warts. — Rub them daily with a radish, or with the juice of mari- gold fl )\vers— it will hardly fail. Or, water in which sal-ammoniac is dissoLed. Or, apply bruised purslain as a poultice, changing it twice a day. It cures it in seven oi- eight days. — Wesley. Or, steep in vinegar and salt the rind of a lemon, and apply it to the wart, first the outer side and then the inner. Keep it on for two hoars and change. Or, rub the wart now and then v/ith elixir of vitriol, apply with a bit of wood. Warts, Cure of.— One of the surgeons of St. Bartholomew's Hos- Appendix to Medical Department, 1^5 pital says, ** The easiest way to get rid of warts is to pare off tlie thickened skia which covers the prominent wart; cut it off by succes- sive layers; shave it till you come to the surface of the skinj and till you draw blood in two or three places; when you have thus denuded the surface of the skin, rub the part thoroughly with lunar caustic, and one operation of this kind will generally destroy the wart; if not, you cut off the black spot which has been occasioned by the caustic and apply it again ; or, you may apply acetic acid and thus you will get rid of it. BED SORES. — The white of an eo;g beaten to a strong froth ; then drop in gradually, while you are beating, two table-spoons of spirits of wine; put it into a bottle, and apply occasionally with a feather. Soap Plaster, sold by the druggists, protects the affected part from friction or rubbing. DANDRUFF, OR PITYRIASIS.— A genus of scaly disease, chiejly affecting the scalp, characterized by irregular patches of small scales, which repeatedly exfoliate or fall off, but never form crusts. There are two or three varieties of this disease, named after the color of the exfoliated skin; some confined to the scalp, others to the armpits, chest, and the lower part of the abdomen. This, like many minor affections of the cuticle, only becomes hurtful to health by neglect; for when the dead, bran-like scurf is left on the skin, particularly at the roots of the hair, it impedes perspiration, and by blocking up the pores of the skin, becomes extremely hurtful. Treatment. — When in the scalp, the head should be well stimu- lated night and morning by means of a strong hair-brush, and the free use of a large and small toothed comb, and the occasional employment of a lotion composed of 2 drachms of borax, dissolved in a pint of rose- mary water, applied three times a week. Should this fail to cure the evil, an ointment, comj^osed of 1 ounce of white create mixed with 3^ a drachm of creosote, is to be rubbed into the roots of the hair every night for a week; at the expiration of which time the person should have the head thoroughly washed with soap and water, take a hot bath, bathe the head with the rosemary and borax, and with a clean brush the next day remove any exfoliation which may have been thrown out. SCURF IN THE HEAD— A Simple and Eifectual Remedy,— Into a pint of water drop a lump of fresh quicklime, the size of a walnut; let it stand all night, then pour the water off clear from sediment or deposit, add a quarter of a pint of the best vinegar, and wasii the head with the mixture. Perfectly harmless; only wet the roots of the hair. WATER BRASH.— A discharge of thin watery fluid from the stomach upwards to the mouth. It generally arises from weakness of the stomach, indigestion, etc. Persons affected with diseases of the chest, and persons of debilitated constitution, are much subject to it. Take from 4 to 8 grains of the white oxide of bismuth. Give an aperient pill to keep the bowels open, and give bitters freely. Take nourishing diet, and be frequently in the open air. Take now and then some of the Neutralizing Mixture diluted. A little brandy bitters, and effervescing draughts are beneficial. Use friction with the flesh brush. If the patient is consumptive, then most gentle means must be used, and chiefly in reference to the disease which is the cause of the water brash. VAPOR BATH. — Sit naked upon a chair ; place the legs upon a stool. Place a vessel under the chair. Throw a large blanket around the patient and the chair; pin it under his chin, and make it tight all 286 Appendix to Medical Department. round. The vessel is to contain the liquid, hot water, or decoction of bitter herbs, or otherwise medicated. Heat a couple of bricks nearly- red hot, and put one of them into the vessel under the chair. Then pour about tliree pints of boiling water into the vessel, with a gill of strong vinegar. Be careful not to pour it upon the brick, but down the sides of the vessel. Close up, and the patient will soon be im- mersed in vapor. Change the brick when cool. If the patient be too hot, lift up the blanket a little to admit the cold air, which will lower the temperature. During the bath, drink freely of the balm, catnip, or pennyroyal tea. When out, dry well, and appV friction, with a flesh brush, or with rough towels dipped in vinegar and water. The benefits arising from the vapor bath are immense, WEN — To Cure. — Take a lime-stone and slake it in soap lees; then mix it with a little soap. Spread it as a plaster, and apply it to the wen, and often anoint it with the lees in which the lime was slaked. It will sink and destroy the wen. WIND IN THE STOMACH.— See "Flatulency."— Take oil of juniper, tincture of myrrh, lavender water, sweet nitre, equal quantity of each; shake them in a bottle. Dose. — One tea-spoon in a cup of cold water. The above is a dose for an adult. Or, take a large hand- ful of feverfew, and cummin seeds and ginger, 1 oz. of each to 3 quarts of water; boil to 3 pints. Add a little tincture of cayenne. Dose. — three or four wine glasses a day, PROUD FLESH. — A popular name given to those watery granu- lations which spring up suddenly in cicatrizing wounds, or granulating surfaces, giving the ulcer or wound an uneven, weak, and florid ap- pearance. These excessive granulations, as surgeons call them, are red, flabby elevations that spring up, sometimes round the edge of the ulcerated surface, or in its center, in circumscribed patches, or separate cones or elevations, and are indicative of a rapid but weak action in the part; they are in themselves perfectly harmless, though, according to popular belief, the presence is regarded as indicative of serious mis- chief, if not of danger. A lotion of sulphate of zinc, or bluestone, in the proportion of 2 or 3 grains to the ounce of water, if applied on lint once or twice will generally reduce such exuberant growths, at the same time that it stimulates the vessels of the parts to a more equal and steady action. Should the lotions above not answer the purpose, a small quantity of burnt alum may be scattered over the granulations, or a thin spreading of the red precipitate ointment, or a drachm of citron ointment (ointment of the nitrate of mercury), with 3 drachms of red precipitate, may be mixed and applied in the same way; but ointments should be avoided to wounds as much as possible, and lotions, but stronger than the above, used instead. When the system is weak, and the diseased surface large, wine and tonics should be given to the patient, and in extreme cases caustic is to be used, but this is only when the granulations become of a fungoid character, NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS.— An involuntary seminal discharge, occurring during sleep, generally the result of excited dreams, and often caused by dissipated habits and a relaxed system. This exhaust- ing complaint is generally confined to the young, and, when not the result of vice, may be easily overcome by a course of tonics, local and general, such as the following: 1st, cold salt water bathing, or else sponging the body, especially the loins and hips, every morning with cold vinegar and water, with the after use of the flesh brush ; 2d, a grain of quinine made into a pill, taken twice a day, and 20 drops of the tincture of iron (tinctura muriatis ferri) in a cup of barley water Appendix to Medical Department, 287 three times a day; and 3d, by taking 20 drops of laudanum on ffoinff to bed, when the case demands it. SINKING, OR EXHAUSTION AT THE PIT OF THE STOMACH. —A popular mode of expressing a nervous sensation ; a sudden loss of power or strength— a collapse of the stomach— as If the food and vitality 01 the organ had been in a moment taken away. Such sensations of sudden exhaustion are purely nervous, and indicate an impaired diges- tion. SOdropsof sal-volatile in half a wine glass of camphor water will generally relieve the sense of exhaustion for the time being; but should it recur frequently, a powder containing 2 grains of columba 2 grains of ginger, and 10 grains of bicarbonate of soda, twice a day' will correct the state of the stomach which induces the sinking feeling- or half a tea-spoon of Gregory's powder in a little peppermint water may be taken for the same purpose. SMOKING.— This vice— for, carried to the extent that it now is, it IS truly one— in which even boys indulge with the freedom and aban- donment of men, is an evil that cannot be too severely reprobated, for it must be evident to the dullest comprehension that the constant ab- sorption, however minute the quantity, of the fumes of a deadly druo- cannot be daily persisted in without injury to the system. A pipe of tobacco or a cigar, once or twice a day, if it causes no salivation, or the smoker abstains from expectoration, may possibly be indulged in with impunity; but when the salivary glands are greatly excited, and the person accustoms himself to expectorate while smoking, the prac- tice must be regarded as extremely objectionable and dangerous. The system, in the first place, is deprived of a large amount of the natural solvent of the food; digestion is greatly impaired in consequence; less chyle extracted from the aliment taken, and the blood impoverished by receiving less than its due proportion of healthy nutriment. Hollow- cheeks, and emaciated body, impaired digestion, a languid appetite, and a listless state of mind, are the certain consequences resulting from an over indulgence in the practice of smoking, accompanied with excessive expectoration. Smokers should in all cases avoid usinir short or dirty pipes, as the rank oil given off from the burning tobacco, by irritating cracks or sores on the lips, very often induces a scirrhus or cancer of the lower lip; besides this danger, such a custom taints the breath most offensively. ABORTION.— A separation from the womb, and a coming away of the child, before the proper period for its expulsion, and when it is impossible for it to live when born. *u ./^^^.'"tion can only occur before the six^Z^www^A of pregnancy; after that pei-iod and up to the eighth month it is called a miscarriage, and any time between the eighth and ninth months a premature labor. Women of all conditions of life, and at all ages, are subject to anortion, though it is much more frequent with those living in cities than m villages— among the weak and delicate than the robust and vigorous, and more prevalent in young mothers than in those who have had several children. The causes that produce abortion are very numerous; sometimes they proceed from a natural weakness of the constitution, the system seeming unable to carry on the new action unless assisted by art and medicine. Over-fatigue, sitting long in a heated room, dancing, sudden emotions of the mind, such as grief or terror, falls, blows, or kicks, are all occasionally the immediate cause ot this mishap ; but by far the most frequent reason is a false step, a sudden jar to the body, jumping from a chair, straining to lift heavy weight, turning a bed, or attempting to reach an article beyond a per- 288 Appendix to Medical Department. son's height, or from a violent tit of coughing;. There are other causes, but those may be imagined from what liave been already described. Abortion may occur at the end of the fourth week of pregnancy, at the end of the second and third months, the fifth and the sixth; but the two most frequent periods are between the aeoenth and twelfth weeks^ and at the sixth month. Symptoms. — When the death of the child — or fetus, as it is called before birth — is the cause of the abortion, the fact is indicated by the soft and flabby state of the breasts, a sense of weight and coldness at the bottom of the belly, attended with occasional shivering, pains in the back and loins, and, after a time, bv a bearing down pressure that comes on and goes off at regular periods and inteimissions, till the coming on of the proper expulsive pains. Where the cause has been sudden, the first symptoms are generally pains in the back, weight in the bottom of the abdomen, langor, great depression of spirits, shiver- ing, and occasionally fainting. These are followed, after a longer or shorter time, by a discharge of blood, sometimes only trifling, at others excessive and in alarming quantity, accompanied by sharp flying pains along the back and over the belly; these pains gradually increase in strength and duration, till they assume all the characters of regular labor pains, which continue till the child or the embryo is expelled. (See " Labor.") As women who have once had an abortion are par- ticularly liable to suSer a repetition of the same misfortune, and at the same period, particular care must be taken in the next pregnancy, especially till the woman has passed the period of the first mishap, to protect her from any injury or circumstance which might cause a rep- etition of the accident; for there is no casualty to whicli a female is liable, that produces a more serious and depressing influence on the system, than that of abortion; and should it occur with a first child, it may be repeated for several years, unless most skilfully guarded against. Treatment. — The first object to be considered, in cases of ex- pected abortion, is to arrest the progress if begun, and, if possible, secure the continuance of the pregnancy. For this purpose the earliest symptoms are to be attended to, and these are, pains in the back and loins, sometimes extending over the front of the belly, accompanied with a general heat and irritability of the body, with a frequent de- sire to empty the bladder, and a slight evidence of blood, or show. In cases of this nature, and before the separation of the child from the womb has been effected, and while there is yet a chance of prevent- ing the abortion, the patient is to be placed on her back, in bed, and kept perfectly calm and still, the legs slightly raised, so as to relax the muscles of the abdomen, and napkins, wrung out of cold water or cold vinegar and water, applied frequently over the belly. An effervescing draught, made by dissolving twenty grains of carbonate of soda in the third of a tumbler of water, and adding fifteen grains of tartaric acid, is to be given every one or two hours, and followed the next day by a small quantity of castor oil. All rich and stimulating foods and drinks are to be prohibited, and every noise or excitement carefully guarded against. In young and robust constitutions, and when the pulse is quick and full, from six to nine leeches should be applied over the womb, and in addition to the etfervescing draughts, a seidlitz powder taken once or twice, to act more fully on the bowels. By these means, keeping the body cool and quiet, and tlie mind tranquil, tlie threatened danger, by a week or two'si rest, may be got over, and nature thus assisted resume its functions, and the i^regnancy proceed to a happy termination. Appendix to Medical Department. 289 When, however, from the symptoms already given, there is reason to believe the child is dead, the patient is to be kept perfectly tranquil and on her back, bottles of hot water are to be placed to the feet, and a napkin, folded into a large square, and wrung out of cold vinegar and water, applied to the abdomen so as to cover it, while another made smaller is applied to the lower parts; these being at once removed, wetted, and reapplied, as soon as they become warm. A few spoons of gruel, with a little brandy, are to be given from time to time, ac- cording to tlie weakness or exhaustion of the patient. Should the amount of blood discharged be moderate, the above ap- plication will be found generally sufficient to arrest it entirely, or till nature expels the child and its membranes, by a few of the ordinary pains of childbirth; but if the amount of blood be large, and if there be an absence of all expulsive pains, a silk handkerchief should be at once wetted with sweet oil, or in the absence of that, smeared with lard, and then piece by piece cautiously passed into the birth, and then, as already directed, the cold vinegar and water is to be applied to the abdomen. The object of this plug, as it is called, is to cause the blood to coagulate internally, and so stop the further bleeding from the womb, till the proper pains set in, and the contraction of the muscles of the abdomen shows that the expulsive efforts have commenced, when the handkerchief must be withdrawn to give room for the passage of the child and membranes. The afterbirth does not always descend at the same time ; but as it is of the utmost importance that it should be expelled as soon as possi- ble with safety, a gentle pressure on the abdomen with the hand, or friction over the belly, will, in most cases, excite the womb to contraq- tion, and thus throw out the afterbirth. It must be remembered that all the time the womb is open, the patient is in danger of excessive bleeding, or what is called jlooding ; and when this comes away in gushes, unattended by the necessary pains, it becomes of the utmost Importance to empty the womb at once, and by the most expeditious means. For this purpose, a drachm of the bruised ergot of rye must be simmered for ten minutes, in about a quart of water, to which a few grains of soda are added; the liquor is then to be strained, and a wine glass, with a little sugar, and a tea-spoon of brandy, given as soon as cool enough to drink. Fainting sometimes occurs from the loss of blood, when small doses of cordial must be given, or a little brandy and water, with twenty drops of sal-volatile, and ten drops of ether in each dose; but these must not be too frequently or incautiously administered, the object be- ing merely to rouse, and not to excite the patient. During the contin- uance of the bleeding, the room must be kept cool, cool air freely allowed to circulate round the patient, and frecjus^nt draughts of lem- onade or ascidulated waters, given to her for drink. When tlie abor- tion takes place early in the jn-egnancy, and before the child is distinctly formed, all the clots of blood discharged should be carefully, examined- in the hope of finding the embroyo,as on the discovery of that, the subse- quent treatment depends. In cases of malformacion.and where, in conse- quence of the confined dimensions of tlie pelvis, or bones of the hips, a fully developed child could not be born alive, it becomes the duty of the surgeon to produce abortion, for the safety of the moiher, the time at which that operation is to be elfected depending on the capability of the parts. Procuring or causing abortion, either by drugs purposely taken, by means directly applied, or by blows, violence, or force, resulting in 13 290 Appendix to Medical Department, the death and abortion of the child, was formerly punished with deaths thouo:h b}^ the common hiw it is now classed only as a felony. Aboition — To Prevent. — Women of a weak or relaxed habit should use solid food, avoiding great quantities of tea and other weak and watery liquors. They should go soon to bed and rise early, and take frequent exercise, but avoid being over-fatigued. If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet, and chiefly of the vegetable kind, avoiding strong liquors, and everything that may tend to heiitthe body, or increase the quantity of blood. In the first place, take daily half a pint of decoction of Lignum Guiacum; boiling an ounce of it in a quart of water for five minutes. In the latter case, give half a drachm of powdered nitre in a cup of water-gruel, every five or six hours ; in both cases she should sleep on a hard mattress, with her head low, and be kept cool and quiet. ABSCESS. — They require the application of warm poultices and fomentations, and a cooling aperient medicine. The best fomentation comprises a decoction of marsh mallows, camomile flowers, poppy- heads, or Jiemlock leaves. The poultice may be made of bread and water, or linseed meal. These to be applied till the abscess bursts. When burst, allow the discharge of purulent matter, and after it has ceased, apply moist rags for a day or two; then draw together the edges of the wound by means of diachylon plaster, and to the wound appl}^ Cerate orSpermaceti Ointment. It is necessary sometimes when the bursting is slow and tedious, and the pain great, to open the ab- scess with the point of a lancet, which prevents much suffering. When the abscess is indolent, and slow in ripening, apply a poultice of oat- meal, and water, and yeast, and a little salt. Let the patient live on nonrishing diet. Keep the body open; and if the pain be great, mix with the aperient, about 10 or 12 di'ops of laudanum. Abscess — Milk. — This abscess affects motiiers, and requires careful treatment. Apply every two hours warm vinegar to the part. This, if done in time, soon gives relief. AFTEIJ-BIRTH. — The placenta^ or cake. That membrane which, in the fcjetal life, or the unborn child, is the medium of communication between the parent and the embryo and growing child. It derives its name of after-birth from the fact that in all natural labor it is never expelled till some minutes after the birth of the child, and forms the last operation in the third stage of all labors. Sometimes it is retained in the womb long after the expulsion of the infant, from atony^ or loss of contractile power in the womb to throw it off; in which case the skin of the abdomen must be taken up in the hand, and, by <% ro- tary pressure over the organ beneath, induce it to contract and rid itself of the adhering placenta. Occasionally, from causes to be here- after explained under "Labor," the womb is thrown into irregular and spasmodic contractions, b}^ which it is drawn together in one, or even two places, like an honr-glass, either shutting up the after-birth in one or other of the cavities formed, or contractino- upon it, holding it as in a vice. (See "Womb," ''Abortion," and "Labor.") In such cases, the spasmodic contractions have to be overcome, and the after- birth brought away ; for till it be removed, and the womb naturally closed, the })aticnt is in great danger of sudden hemorrhage. For mode of opei-ation, and the time necessary to elapse from the birth of the child till the after-birth should be taken away, see "Labor.'' AFTER-PAINS.— These are a repetition of the pains of child- birth, but only much less intense, and to which all women are sub- ject, more or less, for the first week after confinement. In general, Appendix to Medical Department. 291 however, they seldom extend be^^ond the fourth day, and only recur now and then, seldom lasting more than a few minutes at a time. A peculiarity attending after-pains is the fact that they increase in sever- ity and duration with the number of children a woman has borne; as if the womb had each time more difficulty in recovering its original size and appearance. After-pains need cause no alarm, and it is onlj'^ when excessive that they require any medical assistance, as the cause generally brings its own relief. Cause. — Though the womb contracts immediately on the expul- sion of the after-birth, it does not recover its natural size for several days — indeed, weeks. In the cavity left, the blood, exuding from the vessels of the womb, collects and coagulates into clots; to expel these through the narrow mouth of the womb causes a certain amount of muscular contraction of the organ, which contraction induces those grinding sensations called after-pains, and according to the size of the clot to be expelled is the severity and duration of the pain, which ceases when the obstruction has passed. TreA-TMENT. — When the discharge is considerable, and there are many clots, the pains continue sometimes for hours without any length- ened abatement; in such case, as they produce a good deal of harass- ment to the patient, the abdomen should be fomented by napkins wrijng out of hot water, the application of a bottle of hot water to the bottom of the belly, and the exhibition of 20 or 25 drops of laudanum, in half a cup of gruel. Sometimes after-pains are kept up by a costive state of the bowels, not properly relieved before the confinement; in such cases, a dose of castor oil should be given on the second day, or an enema of warm gi'uel, with 1 oz. of castor oil, and 3 drs. of tur- pentine. After-pains can always be distinguished from inflammation, and the disease known as 'puerperal fever, or childbed fever, by the pains coming on in fits of longer or shorter duration, with intervals of per- fect ease ; by the absence of all tenderness of the abdomen when pressed, and by a discha'-ge of coagulated blood. BREAST, INFLAMMAIION OF.— The breasts of females are sometimes inflamed, swelled, and subject to abscesses. In mothers these affections are painful, and prevent the flow of milk. A swelling in the breast may be reduced by applying the bitter-sweet ointment, and the adhesive strengthening plaster. If there be chill, it must be re- moved by perspiration. For this purpose take the sudorific powder. Also, take 1 tea-spoon of best rum, 1 tea-spoon of ginger, 3^ tea-spoon of cayenne pepper; boll four or five minutes, and thicken with coarse flour, or ground elm bark, or slippery elm; put a little oil upon the breast, then apply the poultice, and repeat three or four times. It generally.cures. If the pain be excessive, add a small quantity of laudanum to the poultice. This generally cures. In hard swellings of the breast, rub with sweet oil, or friction with soap liniment; 1 dr. of compound tincture of iodine to each ounce will render it more effectual. The bowels should be kept gently open, to subdue the fever. When matter has formed, it is best to let it break and discharge spontaneously; or it may be punctured with a lancet. An abscess in the breast will discharge a long time. The diet therefore should be nutritious, light and strengthening. A warm bread poultice is good for an abscess; it should be changed every four or five hours, and covered with oiled silk. When the discharge has nearly ceased, simple 292 Appendix to Medical Department. warm water dressings may be substituted, and then apply the black salve, (which see.) Breasts, Mard. — Apply turnips roasted till soft, mashed and mixed with a little oil of roses. Change twice a day, keeping the breast warm with flannel. Breasts, Sore and Swelled. — Boil a handful of camomile, and as much mallows in milk and water. Foment with it between two flan- nels, as hot as can be borne, every twelve hours. Tliis also dissolves any knot or swelling in any part. — Wcdey. BREATH, FETID. — The smell may proceed from the lungs or the stomach, but in nine cases out of ten it originates in the stomach, and the following is a simple and prompt remedy: Three hours after a meal take a large tea-spoon of a solution of 6 parts of chlorate of pot- ash in 120 parts of sugared water, and at the same time rinse out the mouth well with the same solution. When the breath is tainted with onions, eat parsley and vinegar, or orris root, or gum kino. Or, take a dose of rhubarb and magnesia occasionally; finely powdered charcoal has been recommended; also a decoction of camo- mile and wormwood. For impure breath caused by decaying teeth, chew orris root, and Peruvian bark, or use the same as a powder. Or take chai'coal powder, powdered mynh, powdered cuttle-fish, caibon- ate of soda, and a drop or two of oil of cloves. Keep the mixture in the mouth as long as possible. BREATHING, DIFFICULT.— Vitriolated spirits of ether, 2 ozs.; camphor, 15 grs. ; paregoric, 34 oz. ; ipecacuanha wine, 1 rable-spoon; water, % pt. Mix, and cork well. Take 1 tea-spoon when the breath- ing is laborious. It relieves at once. HYSTERIA, (Commonly called Hysterics).— This disease, though most frequently excited by some uterine aflection, is purely nervous in its character, and one greatly depending on some emotional state of the mind. Though females from the age of seventeen to forty-eight are the general sufferers from hysteria, delicate males, and those em- ployed in sedentary occupations, or of a scorbutic constitution, are sometimes affected by it. Among females, the unmarried and those who have never had children are the persons most predisposed to an attack, which may be induced by uterine irregulai-ity, violent emo- tions, grief or joy, tight lacing, flatulence, or any cause that weakens the stamina of the body. Symptoms. — These commence by yawning, depression of spirits, flushings of the face, sudden tears, palpitation of the heart, pain in the left side, with a sense of swelling, and a feeling as if a ball was rising from the stomach up into the throat, with a sense of choking, the pa- tient being convinced that there is an actual round substance lodged in her gullet. From this symptom the disease has been named Qlohus Hystericus. The patient now becomes faint and restless; the body and limbs become agitated with wild and irregular actions; she is seized with fits of alternate tears and laughter, with incoherent and noisy ejaculations; while the muscular contortions become so violent that many men are often necessary to restrain the actions of a delicate girl. After remaining in this state from a few minutes to in some cases many hours, there is a belching of air from the mouth, when, with a heavy sigh or a few deep sobs, she slowly recovers, and either falls into a sleep, or may suddenly start up, and go through the same chain of symptoms, having a succession of fits and intermissions. A peculiar- ity in hysteria is that it may assume the characters of almost every other disease; the only disease, however, with which it could be con- Appendix to Medical Department. 293 founded is epilepsy, and from that it is distino^ished by tlie patient being partially sensible in hysteria, and totally insensible in epilepsy; by the foaming at the mouth in the latter, and the absence of it in hysteria, in which there is always a twinkling or trembling of the eyelids. Treatment. — In young, robust patients, or countrj' giiis, bleed- ing is sometimes necessary to abate the violence of the spasms. In slight, and indeed ordinary cases, the simple practice of cutting all the strings and laces at once with a knife, laying the patient on her back and dashing cold water suddenly in the face, and holding some hartshorn to the nose, will generally effect a recovery. If not, how- ever, 30 drops of sal-volatile, 30 drops of spirits of lavender, and 10 drops of spirits of ether, in a wine-glass of camphor water, given directly, will, if the face is dried and again suddenly aspersed with cold water, be found sufficient to rouse the patient and break the spas- modic action. In very severe cases, however, an emetic of 15 grs. of white vitriol in warm water will be the most effective and expeditious remedy. A few hours after the subsidence of the attack an aperient "pill should be given, either of asafoetida and aloes, or of compound colo- cynth, and means taken to recruit the strength, or remove the imme- diate cause of the attack; in general, steel wine and quinine will be found the best remedies — a tea-spoon of the lirst every four hours, and 1 gr. of the latter three times a day; or the iron and bark may be combined, as in the following : Tonic Powders. — Take of prepared carbonate of iron, 2 drs. ; sul- phate of quinine, 6 grs. Mix, and divide into 6 powders. One to be taken three times a day Hysterics. — This disease mostly affects young, nervous, single women. It manifests itself by tits, often preceded by nervous lowness, difficult breathing, sickness at the stomach, palpitations, and a pain at the left side, a rumbling noise in the bowels, the sensation of a ball ascending to the throat, with a feeling of suffocation, convulsions, laughing and crying without any apparent cause. Almost every part of the nervous system is liable to this affection. The disease seldom proves fatal. It is caused by menstrual irregularities, indolence, irreg- ular living, costiveness, indigestion, worms, obstructed perspiration, etc. An hysteric fit may be easily distinguished from fainting; for, in fainting the pulse and respiration are entirely stopped; in hysterics, they are both perceptible. Treatment. — First loosen the dress, and dash cold water in the face. It is of the greatest importance to put the feet and legs in warm water as soon as possible Give an emetic. The expectorant tincture must be given to remove the rising in the throat, the sense of suffoca- tion, collected phlegm, etc. If the patient cannot swallow, pour it into the mouth, and it will relax the jaws, etc., and cause the patient to swallow; it will send the blood to the surface and extremeties, affect the brain and nervous system so as to end the attack even by a single dose. _ The vapor bath should be given as soon as possible. Or, put the patient to bed, and apply hot bricks or bottles of hot water to the feet and sides; the bottles to be folded in cloths wet with vinegar and water. Should these means fail, give the anodyne powders. Give also gentle aperients; and above all, do not neglect to give the nervous pill, which is wonderfully efficacious. The aperients may be assisted -294 Appendix to Medical Departme7it. by injections of gruel, 3^ oz. of the tincture of asafoetida, or a table- spoon of spirits of turpentine; sweeten with molasses. Tonics, as quinine, should be freely given. If the disease arises from obstructed menses, worms, etc., the case must be treated as directed under those complaints. LABOR, OR CHILDBIRTH.— The great importance of this sub- ject necessitates our entering at some length on the different matters involved in the important operation of nature that forms the theme before us. Most practical surgeons divide labors into four orders — natural, tedious, preternatural, and complex ; and though we purpose to confine our remarks to the first, it is necessary that we should state the characteristics of each. A natural labor is one in which the child presents naturally for the birth, and the labor is begun and concluded in the space of ticenty- four hours. Tedious labors are those in which the presentation is still natural, but from some irregularity in the action of the womb, the delivery is extended over the twenty-four hours, being sometimes de- layed for seventy-two hours. Preternatural labor: this order implies an unnatural presentation — that is, any part of the child above or be- low the funis, or navel-cord, presenting, except the head. Complex labors are those where the birth is complicated with hemoiThage, or separation of the placenta, or after-birth; by the presentation of a foot or a hand, or, in the case of twins, two hands or two feet, and a few other peculiarities. Natural Labor is divided into three stages; t\\Q first stage em- braces the period from the first pains, or from the commencement of the contraction of the womb, to the complete dilatation of its mouth, or outlet — a process that may extend from four to twelve hours. The second stage extends from the complete opening of the womb to the birth or expulsion of the child, and may extend from half an hour to twelve or more hours; and the third stage is comprised in the time from the birth of the child to the expulsion of the after-birth and mem- branes, and the complete contraction of the womb, generally occupy- ing about half an hour. Most women sti'ive to keep about till the last, and seldom, unless fantastical, wish to have the surgeon about them until his services are likely to be of use ; and most women, particularly those who have had children, can always tell when that time has arrived, both by their feelings and by certain signs denominated sJioivs ; and as some females have a very rapid time, the whole three stages being often completed in less thiHi an hour, the medical man should always be sent for di- rectly that local demonstration is made. The surgeon, if he is a man of any experience, will be able to form a shrewd guess of how the labor is progressing by watching his pa- tient's face, pjijing attention to the tone of her voice, and by noticing whether the abdominal tumor is high up or low down. When it is necessary to make an examination, it should be performed tenderly and expeditiously; the patient being previously placed on her left side in bed, and covered by the counterpane, as it is quite unnecessary for her to go to bed for good till such time as her doctor considers it pru- dent. The object of the first examination is to ascertain that point, and to satisfy liimself on three important matters, — first, is it a natural presentation; in other words, is the head presenting, and if so, is it presenting right, or in such a manner that the occiput, or back of the head, shall be to the pubis and the tace to the sacrum? Secondly, is the mouth of the womb open, are its lips thin, dilatable, and moist, or Appendix to Medical Department. 295 are they thick, puckered, dry, and unyielding? And lastly, are the passages relaxed and moist? If these points are all favorable, the labor may be prognosticated as likely to be safe and expeditious ; the patient should be allowed to get up and walk about the room as long — with occasional rests — as possible, holding by the bed-post every time a pain comes on, the surgeon avoiding all unnecessarj'^ examina- tions, till the length of the pains and their close sequence give evidence that the time for his professional aid is approaching. When that time has arrived, the woman is to be put to bed, placed as before, on her left side, with her knees drawn closely up to the stomach; the side of the sheet and the quilt should be pinned together in several places, so that the hand can be instantly passed beneath the clothes, when the surgeon, seated in a chair, with his back to the foot of the bed, places himself in readiness for his duty. As the womb contracts with the pain, it forces the child's head on the mouth of the organ; the head, by a succession of rotary, drill-like motions, gradu- ally expanding the opening, when the membranous bag in which the child floats in the aqua amni begins to protrude through the aperture; this is the time that great care is necessary on the part of the surgeon not prematurely to rupture the membranes, till both head and mem- brane have answered their purpose, that of drilling open the mouth of the womb; nature always effecting that object at the proper time. Immediately after the breaking of the water^ as the rupture of the mem- branes is called, the womb, having now greater space, contracts with double power, and by one or two pains often forces the head clear from the womb, and a considerable way into the vagina, from whence, after a temporary rest, and sometimes brief snatches of sleep by the patient, the head is brought almost to the birth, the perinceum being at each expulsive pain stretched like the head of a drum. This is the most critical period of the whole labor, and demands the greatest vig- ilance and care on the part of the surgeon to be read}'' to support with the palm of his hand the perinceum, and prevent the too rapid exit of the head. The last and most severe pain is that which expels the head, after which there is a brief intermission, but not of suffering, till another contraction delivers the shoulders; the body and limbs the surgeon, by a lateral motion, removing with both his hands. With the cry of the child, the exhausted mother forgets all her pains, and it should be the surgeon's duty to take care that she shall have that gratification instantly, by observing that nothing gets before the child's mouth, and that by raising the clothes he affords it abun- dance of air. If the cry is feeble, the mouth and nostrils are to be instantly cleansed from any mucus or froth that may clog them, and the spine rubbed vigorously with the fingers of the right hand. If the child is still mute, or partially so, a basin of warm water is to be placed in the bed, and the infant immersed up to the throat in the bath thus provided, and those means adopted for suspended animation described under "Advice to Mothers.'' After the child has cried freely for a few minutes, the navel cord is to be tied by a ligature about an inch and a half from the body, by means of the strings which, before the rupture of the membranes, the surgeon should have placed in readiness, and which are made b}' doubling two half yards of the unbleached thread, and knotting each together, so as to make two strings of a quarter of a yard long. (See " Advice to Mothers.") Having tied the cord next the child, he should then place the other ligature about two inches above the first, and with the scissors divide the cord near the first, or between the two tg6 Appendix to Medical Department. knots; the child is then to be loosely folded in a blanket, and placed near the mother till the labor is completed. If, after waiting for ten minutes^ there should be no succeeding pain, the surgeon should lay his hand on the abdomen, and, grasping the loose integuments, employ both friction and pressure, but gently, to cause tlie contraction of the womb, that the after-birth may be expelled. Should this not succeed in inducing a pain, the hand should be dipped in cold water, and again applied to the abdomen. If after fifteen minutes from the birth the placenta is not expelled, the cut cord is to be taken in the left hand, and the right, guided by the cord, is to be passed gently upward, and, with tenderness and care, the after-birth, finally encompassed by the hand, is to be brought away. As soon as this is effected, and the womb has contracted, a broad binder, girth, or bandage, about eighteen inches wide, is to be passed smoothly around the woman's body, and tied or pinned in several places, tightly over the abdomen. A warm napkin is next to be applied, the patient well covered with extra clothes, a draught with the sixth of a grain of morphia, or 25 drops of laudanum, given, and the patient allowed to remain undisturbed for at least two hours. Sometimes, at the commencement, it happens that the woman is disturbed with small, exhausting pains, that keep her occasionally for hours, and sometimes even for daj'^s, in a state of irritation and suffer- ing, without producing any effect upon the womb, or advancing the labor in the slightest degree ; in fact, only breaking up the patient's strength, and rendering her tetchy and desponding. Examination will discover, in all probability, that the mouth of the uterus is onlj'- so far open as to admit the point of the finger; that the lips are rigid, extremely sensitive, and dry. An examination of the woman's face during the progress of one of these abortive pains will show the sur- geon that the womb is contracting irregularly, and in such a manner that, without closing on the child, and forcing it on the opening, they only cause griping, crampy pains, that do no earthly good, and merely exhaust and worry the patient. In such a case, the duty of the sur^ geon is to suspend such fugitive or false pains, and give the woman as much rest as possible till the coming on of the true labor. For this purpose the following draught shouhl be given ; the patient put to bed, hot water applied to her feet, and a warm napldn laid across the ab- domen : Take of spirits of mindererus, 6 drs. ; spirits of sweet nitre, 1 dr.; Ipecacuanha wine, 3^ dr.; syrup of safiron, 1 dr.; laudanum, 30 drops; or, acetate of morphia, ^ gr.; camx)hor water, enough to make 13^ ozs. Mix. To be given directly. When the patient rouses from the sleep which is certain to follow the abeyance of the pains, it is ])ossible labor will commence in earn- est. Tlie surgeon, however, will have satisfied himself, before giving the sedative draught described above, on two of tlie most important facts connected with the whole labor — the condition of the bowels, and the state of the bladder, for if eitlier are distended, the operations of nature, however forcible and rightly directed, will be delayed for hours. If, then, these should require relieving, they should be emptied directly in all cases; and in such a condition as we have been doscrib- ing, even before giving the draught. Napkins wrung out of hot water and applied to the pubic region, or a bottle of hot water, enveloped in flannel, applied to tlie part, will generally excite the bladder to act, without resorting to the catheter; while an enema of warm gruel is often quite sufficient to empty the large bowel, the rectum. '~' Appendix to Medical Department, 5597 Though nature generally throws out sufficient exudation to keep the passages moist, when the labor is very protracted these always be- come dry and hot, and then require to be often and freely lubricated with lard, or some kind of a tirm pomatum, a quantity of which will always form an accompaniment to the baby-basket. In cases where the patient is nervous, weak, and the period of even a natural labor would exhaust her strength, or where either convul- sions or hemorrhage is to be feared, or should one or the other have set in, it becomes the surgeon's duty to expedite the labor as much as possible. To effect this purpose, he must give her the secale^ or ergot of rye — a drug which possesses the singular property of acting, within ten or twenty minutes, directly on the womb, causing it to contract and expel its contents. There are certain conditions, however, that must previously exist before the secale — except in special cases — can, or ought to be given. These conditions are, — Tlie womb must he well open, the lips thin and dilatable^ the child presenting naturally, the pas^ sages relaxed, and no malformation of the pelvis existing. To prepare the secale. — Bruise 2 drs. of secale, and boil it slowly, with about 20 grs. of carbonate of soda, in 4 ozs., — a quartern, — of water, for ten minutes; strain the liquid, and to 3^ a tea-cup add enough sugar to sweeten, and 1 table-spoon of gin, and give the ves- sel to the patient to drink off the hot draught as she would a cup of coffee. In a few minutes, the stronger and more expulsive action of the womb will show that the draught has taken effect. When hemorrhage attends the labor, the secale must be given directly; and should it follow the expulsion of the after-birth — wiiich, till the womb closes, there is always fear of — cold water must be poured on the abdomen to promote contraction ; or cloths, soaked in cold lo- tions, applied across the stomach, while the patient's strength is sup- ported by brandy, ammonia, and ether, and the feet kept hot with heated bricks. The most important means, however, is the plug, or stopping up of the passage, as the process is called. This is effected by the oiling of a silk handkerchief, and passing the whole gradually up the vagina, so as to allow the formation of a clot and the arrest of the bleeding, or, as it is called at such times, the flooding. If everything goes on favorably, the patient very seldom requires any medicine — except the sedative draught — till the fourth day, when a mild dose of castor oil should be given to act on the bowels; while if the child has been placed at the breast from the first hour, it is sel- dom in a healthy woman, when common care is taken, that anything will be required for the milk or the breasts. For the management of the navel, and many other important matters on this subject, see " In- fant." LONGING. — A vulgar expression applied to pregnant women, when, from the state of the system, and an impaired appetite, they express a preference for certain articles that some innate feeling teaches them would be beneficial or of service to their state of health. As it is seldom that those desires are irrational or injurious, such solicita- tions, when they occur, which is by no means often, should, if possible, be always complied with, for so active is the imagination of the female at such times, and so extraordimiry the sympathy between the feelings of the mother and the nervous system of her unborn child, that a willful rejection of her desires, or a rude exposure of her wishes, may result in an injury or disfigurement to the infant. On this subject see "Pregnancy," and "Mother's Marks." 298 Appendix to Medical Department. MILK FEVER.— This is one of the diseases to which women in childbed — especially with first children — are very liable, and may be induced by cold, by excessive heat in the room, or by any cause of undue excitement. The disease usually takes place about the third day, and is directly caused by some obstruction to the flow of the milk, as from an imperfect nipple, or irritation in drawing the breast. Symptoms commence with rigors, pain, and throbbing in the head, a repugnance to noise and light, flushed face, contracted pupils, and bloodshot eyes; the pulse is quick, full, and hard, the skin hot, tongue white, with constant thirst. Tlie breasts are sometimes hard, full, and distended; at others the secretion is suppressed, and the breasts are empty and flaccid; in that case the head-symptoms are in- creased, and delirium often succeeds. The TREATMENT cousists iu reducing the circulation, which in young and full-bodied women must be effected first by bleeding, and secondly, by saline purgatives, a low diet, a darkened room, and per- fect quiet. Take of Epsom salts, 2 ozs. ; powdered nitre, 1 scr. ; tartar emetic, 2 grs. ; mint water, 8 ozs. Mix, and dissolve. Three table-spoons to be taken immediately, and repeated every four hours, till the bowels act, and the heat of the body is reduced. Where the symptoms are urgent, one of the following pills should be taken with each dose of the mixture : Take of compound colocynth pill, 1 scr.; calomel, 8 grs.; ipecac- uanha, 3 grs. Mix, and make into a mass, which is to be divided into six pills. If, after a free action of the bowels, the head-symptoms continue severe, the temples are to be cupped, or six leeches applied to each temple, a cold lotion of vinegar and water, or powdered ice, placed on the head, bottles of hot water to the feet, and, if necessary, mustard poultices to the thighs. Concurrent with these remedies, the breasts are to be fomented with flannels dipped in hot water, the milk carefully drawn oft' by the nurse, or a breast-pump, or, what is still better, when it can be ob- tained, by a blind pupp3% till such time as the child can be applied to the breast with safety. During this period, the patient's room is to be kept cool, and she herself supplied with only farinaceous foods, and warm, diluent drinks, such as barley water, or balm tea. MENSES, OBSTRUCTED.— Be electrified. Tried. Or, take half a pint of strong decoction of pennyroyal every night at going to bed. Or, boil five large heads of hemp in a pint of water to half. Strain it and drink it at going to bed, two or three nights. It seldom fails. Tried. — Wesley. MENSTRUATION.— Menstruation is a natural secretion, of a red color, from the womb, so named from its occurring once in a month. This periodical discharge appears to be for the purpose of keeping up sanguification, or the making of blood in the body, and a determina- tion thereof to the womb, for the purpose of gestation. In conse- quence of its not appearing at a proper period of life, of irregularity after it has taken place, and of its being excessive, as well as at the period of its cessation, many derangements in the system occur. The interruption of the menstrual secretion may be considered of two kinds : the one when it does not be^in to flow at that period of life in which it usually appears, which is termed Ghlorods, or Green Sickness; and the other when, after it has repeatedly taken place for Appendix to Medical Departmenf. 299 some time, it does, from other causes than conception, cease to return at the usual pei'iods. Chlorosis, or Green Sickness. — Menstruation begins from the fourteenth to the sixteenth year. But the circumstance of a female havino; passed the age of sixteen, does not always demand medical aid. The date of puberty varies very widely, and one female may menstruate at 12, and another at 20 years of age, without tlie health being impaired. As to its causes^ it may arise from imperfect formation of the or- gans concerned in the function, from the want of due force in the action of the arteries of the womb, or some preternatural resistance in their extremities; from too full habit of body, from impoverish- ment of the blood, and from great physical debility. This retention produces many distressing symptoms; as, head- ache, flushings in the face, pain in the back and stomach, costiveness, furred tongue, failure of appetite, longing to eat chalk, lime, etc. The face loses its vivid color, and becomes of a yellowish hue; sometimes there is bleeding from the nose and stomach; the skin becomes pale and flaccid; and the feet, and sometimes part of the body, are affected with dropsical swelling. The breathing is hurried by any quick or laborious motion of the body, which sometimes occasions palpitation and fainting. A headache often occurs, but more certainly pains in the back, loins, and haunches. Treatment. — The strength of the system should be restored by exercise. Iron should be combined with some laxative medicine. If there is much pain, take the diaphoi'etic powder. Also infusions of pennyroyal, or of tansy, or blood-root, motherwort, etc. Bathe the feet occasionally in warm water, and rub well with a coarse flannel. If there is constipation, take aperient medicines. Powdered madder root has been recommended, say half a drachm to be taken tliree or four times a day in molasses or honey, drinking freely of pennyroyal tea. Repeat, and increase the dose, if necessary. Or it ma}' be ad- ministered thus : Take extract of madder, 2 drs. ; muriated tincture of steel, 40 drops ; bitter tincture, 2 drs.; mint water, 8 ozs. Mix. Three table-spoons to be taken three times a day. Or, give a vapor bath of a decoction of bitter herbs. Or in bed apply the hot brick covered with a cloth dipped in vinegar and water. Give bitter tonics. Steaming in a sitz bath of bitter herbs till per- spiration is produced, is very useful; also fomenting the abdomin, and applying herbs as a warm poultice. If the stomach is deranged, give an emetic, and a dose of mandrake, and aperients as before stated. When the menstrual flux begins, it should be promoted by the use of the hip or sitz bath. Take the dyspeptic pill, and the restorative bitters. Keep the feet alv/ays warm and dry ; avoid a cold, damp atmos- phere; and when the weather permits, take plenty of open-air exer- cise. Let the diet be light and nourishing. Do not use any promotive medicines in retention of the menses until there is an effort or struggle of nature to effect it, which may be known by the periodical pains, pressing down upon the hips. Painful Menstruation. — The pains are severe — in some cases extremely severe. The remedial measures are nearij'- the same as the preceding. On account of the pain, stillness, quiet of mind, and soothing remedies are rendered indispensable. Adopt the remedies prescribed for the retention of the menses: and take now and then from 10 to 20 drops of laudanum in a little Holland gin diluted with 300 Appendix to Medical Department. pennyroyal tea. Let the patient lie in bed. Apply hot fomentations to the lower part of the back; and if the pain is excessive, flannels dipped in hot water, wrung out, and sprinkled with spirits of turpen- tine. Sponge the body well with tepid salt and water every morning, and apply fiiction with a flesh brush, or coarse towel. Regulate the bowels, if costive, by one of the aperients. Hops boiled in vinegar, and applied to the abdomen, often give relief ; so does the tincture of black cohosh, about half a tea-spoon three times a day in a little sweetened water. Profuse Menstruation. — The flow of the menses is considered im- moderate when it recurs more frequently, when it continues longer, or when, during the ordinary continuance, it is more abundant than is usual with the same person at other times. It is not, however, every inequality that is to be considered a disease, but only those deviations, that are excessive in degree, which are permanent, and induce a mani- fest state of debility. When a large flow of the menses has been preceded by headache, giddiness, or difiiculty of breathing, and has been ushered in by a cold shivering^ with much pain in the back and loins, frequent pulse, heat, and thirst, it may then be considered preternaturally large; and the face becomes pale, the pulse weak, an unusual debility is felt on exercise, the breathing hurried by much motion, and the back is pained in an erect posture; the extremities are frequently cold, and in the evening the feet swell. General nervousness, with affections of the stomach, frequent faintings, and a weakness of mind, liable to strong emotion from slight causes, when suddenly presented, are also attend- ant sj-mptoms. It is produced by a preternatural determination of blood to the womb, or a plethoric state of the body, from high living, strong liquors, over-exertion (particularly dancing), violent passions of the mind, application of cold to the feet, frequent abortions or child-bear- ing, and whatever will induce great laxit}^ as living much in warm chambers, and especially drinking much of warm, enervating liquors, such as tea and coffee. Treatment. — Remove immediately all exciting causes of this disease. The flux must not be stopped, but moderated ; avoid an erect posture, and external heat, as warm chambers, and soft beds; by using a light, cool, and unexciting diet; by obviating costiveness, as before directed ; or use castor oil and lenitive electuarj^ ; the external and internal use of astringents, to constringe the vessels of the womb, as the application of cloths sprinkled with vinegar and water over the region of the womb; and three table-spoons of the following mixture every three or four hours : Red rose-leaves, 3^ oz.; infuse in 1 pt of boiling water, till cold; then strain; add elixir of vitriol, 60 drops, tincture of rhatany, 1 oz. A gentle emetic may be of great service. The diaphoretic powdei-, also, is of great service in this case. An in- jection of cold water into the rectum may check an immoderate flow. Obstructed Menstruation. — It is often caused by exposure to cold during tlie menstrual discharge, by wet feet, cold bathing, great men- tal fear and anxiety, etc., just before the periodical time of discharge. The obstruction injures the health, if it continues two or three periods. Give tlie composition powder, or the diaphoretic powder, when the patient is in bed, and place bricks covered with vinegar and water cloths to the feet and sides, or give the vapor bath. Take also Peru- vian bark infused in port wine. In short, use the same means as pre- scribed under "Chlorosis." Take also the female pill. Appendix to Medical Department. 301 PREGNANCY.— By this term is understood the development of the ovum in the uterus, or the time that elapses between the first im- pregnation of the embryo till the full term of its uterine gestation or development, atid its expulsion from that organ into the world to carry on a separate existence. The usual period assigned to this process of development is nine calendar months, forty weeks, or 280 days. Few women, however, are always alike in this respect; in some cases the period exceeding that term, in others falling short of it. There are only two diseases that can be mistaken for pregnancy, and those only for a certain length of time — those of dropsy of the abdomen {ascites)^ and ovarian dropsy; from both it may, however, be distinguished by the absence of the round tumor felt after the fourth montii in preg- nancy, by the swelling being more diffuse in dropsy, and the corres- ponding emaciation of the body; and by the absence of the morning sickness, the general lilling out of the body, and the enlargement of the breasts in pregnancy, and finally by the unchangea state of the nipples, and the absence of all motion of the child in the others. The stethoscope, however, will in both cases soon put the fact beyond dis- pute. The indications or signs of pregnancy are divided into the general and particular, or the constitutional and local. The most important of the general signs are the cessation of the cataraenia, the morning sick- nesses, commencing after the fifth or sixth week, and terminating about the end of the fourth month; heartburn, flatulence, and painful distension of the abdomen toward evening, demanding the loosening of strings and laces; and indigestion and fastidious appetite, irritabil- ity of temper, longings, and fanciful desires. The particular or local signs are : enlargement of the womb, presenting a round, firm appear- ance, easily felt above the pubes between the third and fourth months; a corresponding distension of the abdomen ; enlarged and knotty feel of the breasts after the tenth or twelfth week, with an itching sensa- tion felt in the glands ; the nipples at the same time become more erectile, and stand forward, their pores being enlarged and the organs themselves tender and irritable; the aureola or circle surrounding them becomes darker and broader, while the countenance assumes for a time a careworn appearance, the mouth and eyes are enlarged, the nostrils pinched, and the nose sharp; and lastly, quickening, or the first motion of the child felt by the mother, an event that takes place about the fourth mouth. The complaints or ailments of pregnancy are : acidity of the stom- ach, heartburn, flatulence, and constipation of the bowels (all of these more or less the result of pressure); faintings, or slight attacks of hys- teria ; a varicose condition of the veins of the legs; and piles, from pressure on the abdominal vessels; and towards the end of the preg- nancy, frequent cramps of the muscles of the legs and thighs. From the highly sensitive state of the nervous system in all women during pregnancy, and the remarkably susceptible condition of their minds and bodies, pregnant women should avoid all exciting scenes, and be carefully guarded from the witnessing or hearing of any object of dis- gust or repulsion. They should at the same time avoid all risk of in- fection, for though they may escape the disease of which it may be the emanation, the child may be seriously aifected by it in the woinb, and on its birth exhibit all the symptoms. It is by no means an unusual cii-cumstance for an infant to be born with small-pox fuU)^ developed, the mother having herself entirely escaped the disease, to which she may have been some time previously exposed. Her mind should be 302 Appendix to Medical Department. kept occupied as far as possible with healthy, pleasurable imaj]:e8, cheerful but not exciting conversation or company, and her eye sur- rounded with objects of g^race and beauty. The diet of the preojiant woman sliould be light, easy of diges- tion, and supporting, but at the same time simple. She should take as much moderate exercise as her strength and condition will permit, and she should — especially in the later period— take frequent rest in the recumbent posture on a sofa; go to bed early; toward the end of her time, take some portion of her breakfast in bed; and in the morning, be careful not to rise too quickly to the sitting position, or sickness, or indeed fainting, may ensue : these directions are particularly necessary with delicate and very sensitive constitutions. Sponging the lower part of the abdomen and thighs with vinegar and water will be found both grateful and necessary during the last month, while to prevent chafing the violet powder will prove an agent of great benefit. See " Womb." PREMATURE BIRTH OR LABOR.— After the seventh month, the womb is very easily excited to put on its expulsive action from very trivial causes, and from this reason great care sliould be taken by the female to avoid any sudden jar to the system, or any strong emo- tion to the mind. The stepping from a single step in coming down stairs, the inconsiderate vivacity of young wives in jumping from a chair, or lifting some heavy piece of furniture, even the turning of a bed, will in many instances bring on a premature labor, and thus all the previous care and attention is thrown away, and the life of both infant and mother jeopardized by a premature birth, for in such cases there is frequently very serious hemorrhage. Another evil attending this kind of labor is, that if it happens with a first child, there is a great probability that such a misfortune may occur at the same time in the next pregnancy, without any accident to cause it. A premature birth is a labor between the seventh and ninth month, or at any time during the last seven or eight weeks of the pregnancy. In cases of a malformation of the pelvis, or pelvis and spine, but particularly where the inner margin of the pelvis is unnat- urally small or narrow — too confined, in fact, to permit the passage of the fetal head — it becomes the duty of the surgeon, who lias previously satisfied himself on this point, to produce premature laboi-, so that the head, before becoming fully developed, may pass through the pelvis, and, whether dead or alive, the fetus be expelled, and the womb re- lieved of its burden. WOMB, THE.— (^C/JIerws.J — If we regard this organ according to the functions it performs in the animal economy, we must consider it as the most important of all the structures in the female body. In shape the womb is of a pyramidal form, or like a flattened pear, which, both in size and figure, it very much resembles, being, in its normal state, between three and four inches in length, and two and a half in breadth at its upper portion, and weighing from half an ounce to two ounces. Tlie womb lies in front of the abdominal viscera, covered by the 'peritoneum, or investing membrane of the cavity, and is retained in its place by elastic bands, called the round ligaments, the other extremi- ties of which pass out of the abdomen through the anterior openings in the pelvis, and terminate in the fascia covering the inner side of the thigh. From the broad or upper i)ortion of the womb depends on either side a long, hollow passage, called xXie fallopian tabe, the end of each tube being rather deeply notched or scalloped, and called by Appendix to Medical £)epartme?tt. 303 anatomists the Jiinbriated extremity. By means of tlie elastic bands of the broad and other ligaments, the womb is allowed to float with per- fect freedom in the abdomen, its lower end or apex beino^ attaclied to the vagina by what is called the neck or cervex of the womb, so that the actual mouth of the organ, the os uteri, or, as it is sometimes denomi- nated, the OS tincce, projects into the vagina. The womb is a partly membranous and partly muscular b:ig, hav- ing an opening on either side at its upper portion, leading into the fallopian tubes, and another at the apex or mouth, where it terminates in the vagina. The womb is supplied with glands, bk)od-vessels, and lymphatics, and a perfect net-work or plexus of nerves; indeed, in respect of nerves, the uterus is more abundantly supplied than any other organ of the body. In the unimpregnated state, and at the age of puberty, it only weighs about three or four ounces, while during the last month of pregnancy its weight is between three and four pounds; the vessels, also, which in the former condition are extremely small, be- come, when impregnated, large and distended, like main trunks. Di- rectly conception takes place, the womb begins to enlarge, the place7ita is formed, the embryo falls from one or other of the fallopian tubes, and becomes attached by what is afterwards called the funis, or navel- string, to the center of the placenta, tlie organ increasing in size and weight till within a few days of tlie labor; as soon as that process occurs, it immediately contracts, and in a few days recovers its natural size. The womb performs three distinct functions, those of menstrua- tion, conception, and parturition, or the expulsion of tlie foetus or child. About the fourth month of pregnancy the womb rises out of the pelvis into the abdomen, where it attains its fullest dimensions, and remains till within a day or two of labor, when the abdominal tumor, as tiie gravid uterus is called, subsides again into the pelvis. Womb— Diseases of the. — The womb, like the other organs of the body, is liable both to acute and chronic inflammations, to several functional derangements, to accidents of displacement and injury, and also to tumors, ulceration, and cancerous aflections. Inflaminatiou of the Womb, or Metritis. — The causes of this serious disease are either coid applied to the part, the irritation conse- quent on the use of over-stimulating injections, the long-continued suppression of the natural discharge, or arises from blows, falls, and difficult and instrumental labors. The symptoms are nearly those of all inflammations of the abdom- inal organs — pain, increased by pressure; fever, nausea, vomiting, and great tension; while the more distinctive symptoms are excessive tenderness at the neck of the womb, extending to the loins and thighs, and a great prostration of strength. The treatment should begin with a warm bath, hot fomentations, or the hip bath; bleeding, both from the arm and by leeches or cup- ping-glasses from the abdomen. The French practice of applying from twelve to eighteen leeches to the pudenda, peringeum, and internal parts of the vagina, has of late years obtained great favor in this country among medical men, and wlien they can induce their patients to submit to their employment; there can be no question to the sound principle of the practice. Besides these depleting means, a blister, or counter-irritant by means of a mustard poultice, must be applied over the lower part of the abdomen, saline purgatives given, and the fol- lowing powders employed, relieving the heat and the difficulty of making water bylinseedtea, or any thin diluent, as a general beverage: Take of powdered nitre, 2 scrs. ; calomel, 36 grs. ; tartar emetic, 6 304 Appendix to Medical Department, grs. ; powcleretl opium, 12 grs. Mix thoroughly, and divide into twelve powders; one to be given every three hours. Chronic Metritis, or luflaniinationof the Womb, very often arises from the acute form having been badly treated or improperly neglected, and is generally that condition of the organ that gives rise to ulceration, suppuration^ and membranous inflammation ; to enlargement, indura- Hon of the mucous follicles^ and scirrhus of the neck of the womb; be- sides causing other structural lesions. As all these diseases are of a surgical character, assume different shapes, may be single or compli- cated, and, moreover, demand a personal examination to guide the practitioner in selecting the remedial means, it is quite impossible to lay down any system of treatment for diseases that may require an alteration every day, and different measures for different patients. The Functional Affections of the womb, however, are of more general importance than the organic, and to tliese we shall now direct our at- tention, in the following order: SUSPEXDED MENSTRUATION.— r^wieworr/i^a.;— This condi- tion may depend upon two causes — an excess of blootl in the organ itself or in the system, or f I'om plethora ; or it may depend on poor and too little blood, upon organic debility, or ancemia or chlorosis, in other words, on a condition of bloodlessness. Though the natural discharge is generally so necessary to the health and happiness of women, cases occur where females pass through a long life in perfect health, and actually bring up large families, who have never menstruated, or experienced any inconven- ience from the absence of the secretion. Such cases, however, are the exceptions to the rule, that the health, physical and mental, depends on the due performance by the womb of its first natural function. The syrnptoms aie laguor, debility, loss of appetite, and general functional derangement; loss of spirits; indifference to all exercise or exertion; hot flushes and cold chills frequently distress the patient; the eyes look dull and heavy, and have a dark circle lound their orbits; the flesh feels soft and flabby, and the countenance assumes a green or yellowish tint; hence the name, given to this form of the disease, of green sickness. In addition to these sjmiptoms, there is usually thirst, pain in the head, and cold extremities, and often swollen feet and legs. The treatment in the plethoric form consists in bleeding, both from the arm and the part; 6 ounces of blood being taken from the system, with six or nine leeches round the external parts; using the warm bath, and purgatives of aloetic and colocynth pills, and afterwards giving the following emmenagogue mixture, while keeping the feet warm, using friction night and morning over the loins and abdomen, and by the daily employment of the hip bath. Emmenagogue Mixture. — Take of infusion of pennyroyal, 7 ozs.; sweet spirits of nitre, 3 drs. ; spirits of iuniper, % oz ; tincture of cantharides, 1 dr. Mix; three table-spoons to be taken twice a day, or two table-spoons three times in twenty-four hours. When the sup- pression arises from anfK/ma, the treatment consists in the warm hip bath; the employment of steel and other tonics; electricitj^, when it can be obtained, or the wearing of an electric chain ; friction night and morning along the lower part of the spine; and acting on the bowels by aloetic pills Some medical men apply a few leeches both to the vulva and round the nipples on the breast, as stimulants to the uterus; these means should be followed by the above mixtnre, and by such remedies as are prescribed under "Chlorosis," which see. This disease is often accompanied by what are called vicarious discharges of blood Appendix to Medical Department. 305 from the lungs, nose, bowels, or stomach, — efforts of nature to unload the system of the diseased accumulation. Paiuful liL^\\%ixvi2A\{s\\,—(I>ysm.emrrlicca.)—'Yl\\.^ symptoms of this affection are pains in the loins, spreading down the groins and thighs, and over the abdomen, with darting colicy pains, and sometimes vom- iting and diarrhea, and burning heat in voiding the contents of the bladder, particularly severe about the urethra; the nervous system is often more or less affected, and there is often hysteria; these symptoms go on increasing till the usual period for the discharge arrives, when they subside or gradually pass off as the catamenia makes its appear- ance, which is sometimes abundant, at others scanty, and attended with a tenacious secretion from the coats of the uterus. The treatment consists in relieving the urgent symptoms, and pre- venting their recurrence. The first object will be achieved by the frequent use of the warm hip bath, a few leeches applied externally, by fomentations to the part, and by the following mixture : Take of powdered nitre, 1 scr.; camphor water, 6 ozs. ; laudanum, l^^drs. Mix; two table-spoons to be taken every six hours. The second object will be effected by attention to the state of the patient's bowels, and by giving steel wine, carbonate of iron, or a course of chalybeate waters during the intervening periods of the discharge. immoderate Meustniatioii, or Flow of the Secretion.— fifewor- rZicea. J— The menstruation is said to be immoderate when it returns every ten or fourteen days, or more frequently than usual; when it continues longer than its"^ natural time, or is more abundant than it should be or is customary with the female. This disease may arise from a plethoric or debilitated state of the system. The symptoms, when it proceeds from a fullness of body, are shiv- ering, acute pains in the head and loins, a turgid or flushed counte- nance, with great heat of body and irritation of the skin, the pulse being hard and bounding When debility is the exciting cause the body is cold and pale, the flesh feeling relaxed and soft, the breathing short and difficult, the least exertion producing exhaustion; the face is pallid and anxious, and the pulse small and feeble. It is only in the latter form that menorrh(Ba is ever dangerous or fatal. The treatment in the plethoric form consists in reducing the febrile symptoms by general bleeding, by saline purgatives, acidulated diluent drinks, and the means proper to an inflammatory state of the system; by the avoidance of all exertion, keeping the patient in the horizontal postiire, and by the use of the following mixture and powders: Purgative Mixture. — Take of infusion of rose leaves, 6 ozs.; Epsom salts, 1 oz. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; the fourth part to be taken every night and morning. Astringent Powders. — Take of sugar of lead, 30 grs. ; powder- ed kino, 20 grs. Mix, and divide into six powders, one to be taken every four hours; or seven drops of the muriated tincture of iron in a little water may be substituted every four hours for the powders. When debility is present, in addition to the astringent powders just prescribed, or the tincture of iron, the patient must take tonics, or such a mixture as the following: Tonic Mixture. — Take of cascarilla, 2 drs. ; canella bark, 2 drs. ; boiling water, 6 ozs.; infuse for four hours, and add: quinine, 20 grs.; diluted sulphuric acid, 30 drops. Mix; one table-spoon to be taken every three hours. In both cases cold applications should be applied to the lower part of the abdomen, bottles of hot water to the feet, and decoction of oak 3o6 Appendix to Medical Department. "bark, or an astringent lotion of sn<^ar of lead, used as an injection by the vagina twice a day. Sudden Suppression. — This is more frequently the consequence of cold applied in some form to the feet or body, or it may arise from g'reat mental excitement. From wliatever cause, the result is very liLirtfnl to the system, and may lead to serious consequences. To re- store the discharoe as quickly as possible, a hot hip bath, warm fomen- tations, and bottles of hot water to the feet are among the tirst means to be adopted. A dessert-spoon of white mustard seed is a favorite remedy with many females, and often a most eifectual one; a more certain means, however, is half a cup of pennyroyal tea, with a tea- spoon of spirits of niire, twice a day. Cessation of the Menstrual Discharge. — The period when this natural secretion determines is the most important and critical in the life of a woman. The number of females who suffer any constitu- tional disturbance when the catamenia commences is few indeed com- pared with those wdio experience inconvenience and suft'ering at its cessation ; as the coming on of this secretion is an evidence of the healthy state of the womb to perform the great function of reproduc- tive life, so its decline shows that it has ceased to be capable of per- forming that important duty. Though the c/i«/i(7e o/^(/e, as this period is called,comes on early in some women — even at thirty-live— the average period in this country is between forty-four and titty. Great irregu- larity takes place in the periodic discharge for some time before the final cessation occurs, the female usually experiencing sudden flushes of heat, irritability of the skin, a sense of fulness in the head, with headache and other evidences of constitutional disturbance; this is the time when, if there are any functional or organic diseases existing, they are likely to be increased or rendered incurable ; and when women of robust health are attacked with bad legs, and become debilitated, while others, again, rally from constitutional weakness, and enjoy better health for the remainder of their lives. The time is particularly critical to those females who have any swellings or tumors on the breast, or anj'' disease of the uterus or of its appendages, as cancerous degenerations are particularly liable to follow or accompany this change of life. With the majority of women, however, the cessation of the catamenia is a period of benefit, — the body fills out, the mind becomes more tranquil, and the spii'its, with the bodily strength, rise in due proportion. Some persons consider a long course of medicines to be imperatively called foi' at this period, but such is by no means generally necessary. Attention to the state of the bowels by occasional doses of rhubarb and colocynth pills, or such as the following, with a warm bath; care in keeping the skin in a soft and healthy state, and guai'ding the feet from cold and wet, are all the remedies or precau- tions, as a general rule, that are called for. Aperient Pills for Females.— Take of compound extract of colocynth, 1 dr. ; powdered aloes, 24 grs ; powdered rhubarb, 18 grs. ; powdered ginger, 1 scr. ; extract of hyoscyamus, 3^ dr.; oil of caraway, 8 drops. Mix, and divide into thirty pills; two to be taken at bedtime wlien rcquiied. (^.vij Floiir Albus (Leucorrhoea) or The Whites. — Though this dis- ^ '; charge from the vagina and uterus is named from its general color be- iuii- white, it is very often of a yellow, brown, or even greenish hue, and varies from a limpid fluid to a tenacious, ropy discharge that may be a mere exudation, or amount to several ounces in every twenty-four hours. The general healtli usually suflers when this discharge takes Appendix to Medical Department. 307 place, giving rise to headache, loss of appetite, languor, and debility, with weary pains in the back and down tlie thigiis; the bowels are more or less deranged, and there is often palpitation and hysterical fits. From the age of tifteen all females are liable to this exhausting com- plaint; and some, indeed, are to a certain extent never completely free from it. The treatment consists in a strict attention to the state of the bowels, a course of tonics, botli mineral and vegetable, exercise in the open air, and, when the strength will admit of it, cold sea bathing; regular hours for meals and exercise, going to bed early, and by change of scene and air. Port wine and stout are often of the utmost consequence, but spirits or powerful stimulants are seldom necessary. Concurrent with tonics, a judicious diet, and the general regimen given, must be a course of local treatment, such as the daily use of the cold fresh or salt water hip-bath, and the alternate weekly employment of one or other of the following articles or prescriptions as injections for the vagina: No. 1. Decoction of oak bark. 2. Decoction of red Peruvian bark. 3. Decoction of logwood. 4. Decoction of jjomegranate bark. 5. One pint of cold water, in which three drachms of alum have been dissolved. 6. One drachm of white vitriol dissolved in a pint of water. 7. An infusion of gall-nuts, made by infusing for six hours three drachms of bruised galls in a pint of boiling water, and adding to the liquor, when cold and strained, one drachm of powdered alum. 8. A pint of cold water, mixed with one ounce and a half of tincture of catechu. Injections of this nature should seldom be used more than twice a day, three large syringefuls being thrown up at every time. The strength of each preparation can be increased whenever necessary. Sometimes leucorrhoea continuesso long that it assumes some of the characters of a gleet; in such cases, when neither tonics to the system, nor astringents to the part will aftbrd permanent relief, it is necessary to give cubebs or copaiba, the former in half-drachm doses of the pow- der three times a day, and a small tea-spoon of the latter in mucilage twice a day, with a wine glass of the infusion of uv>a iirsi every six hours. Some medical men prefer a piece of the finest and softest sponge, well soaked in the lotion, as an application in preference to the syringe, as a more certain method of etfecting the object sought by the injection. The womb is sometimes subject to very serious displacements; of these the most noticeable are : Inversion of the Uterus.— A condition in which the organ is in a measure turned inside out; there are two forms of this accident, — the imperfect, and complete. In the former, the upper portion or fundus of the womb foils down into the cavity as far as the neck of the uterus; in the later, the inversion is carried still farther, passes the mouth of the womb and the vagina, and descends, in some cases, even to the thighs, thus forming a complete case of procidentia uteri. Inversion seldom occurs except at or after labor, and though it may follow the placenta in women of verj^ relaxed and delicate constitutions, it is very frequently induced by rough, unskilful management during confine- ment. The treatment is to restore tne organ, by gentle and judicious 3o8 Appendix to Medical Department, manipulation, to its natural position; enjoin absolute rest to the patient on the back for some time, with the hips slightly raised; and before the female is allowed to stand, employ the use of a pessary. Of the danger that may accrue from this state of the uterus it is unnecessary to speak, as only a surgeon can minister to such an accident. Retroversionof the Womb is a bending backwards and down- wards of the top or fundus of the organ, in such a manner as to fix the overlapping part between the sacrum, or rectum, and the vagina, the latter organ being pressed upwards and forwards, while the bhidcler is lifted up towards tlie abdomen, or else compressed on the pubic bones. This kind of accident generally occurs about the third month of preg- nancy, and is very difficult to detect; indeed, it can only be ascertained by an examination. The treatment is in the first instance, to open the bowels — which, in consequence of the pressure, are always confined — by a succession of emollient nijections, and empty the bladder by the catheter; the patient being then placed on her hands and knees, the surgeon endeavors to push the organ back into its position. Polypi of the Womb. — The peculiar pyramidal shaped tumors of this character attecting tlie womb vary in size from that of a little finger to a child's head, and are found at the fundus, or top, on the inner side of the neck, or at the lower edge of the mouth of the uterus. When small, they neither create pain nor interfere generally with the natural function of the organ, though when they are large, or bleed, they become a frequent cause of miscarriage. Unmarried females are equally subject to this complaint with matrons; and, unfortunately, these morbid growths are by no means rare, and as they are not only the cause of frequent hemorrhage, but often protrude Into the vagina, they became a source of constant sufiering and irritation ; their re- moval, therefore, when possible, should always be eftected. Treatment. — This, and cancer of the womb, are the only dis- eases that demand the use of the speculum, as without the dilatation and light that instrument aflbrds, the surgeon would be unable to apply the ligatures round the polypi, use the knife for their excision, or em- ploy the caustic, the only radical means of extirpating such morbid growths. Dropsy of the Womb. — This is a very rare disease, and very often confounded with a much more frequent alfection, that of — Dropsy of the Ovaries. — Ovarian di-opsy may occur on either side of the body, and is most frequently met with in unmarried females. It is seldom that more than one ovary is aftected, the coat or membrane of the one that takes on the diseased action gradually enlarging, and wdiich being a long time free from pain, is unnoticed or disregarded. The fimbriated extremities of the fallopian tubes cont^uning the ovaria being deeply seated in either groin, it is in that direction that the first evidence of the disease shows itself; but the swelling or pufliness, giv- ing no pain, is unnoticed, till the tumor enters the abdomen, when, pressing on the bladder, or some other organ, it begins to cr.use incon- venience, which increases with the distension. As the tumor mounts still higher, and has more room, the enlargement rapidly increases, when to the physical pain is added the mental sufiering consequent on the protuberance giving the unfortunate patient the appearance of be- ing in the family w^ay. Constipation, irritation of the bladder, loss of appetite, a sense of dragging or bearing down, soon after follows, \At\\ many of the S3anptonis of pregnancy; and it is only when months, and often years, have i^assed by that even intimate friends will believe that Appendix to Medical Department 309 disease, and not immorality, has caused the altered appearance of the patient. This disease is apt to be mistaken for dropsy of the belly, and for pregnancy. From the latter it can be distinguished by the tumor al- ways commencing, and for a long time remaining, in the side, by the absence of the morning sickness, the unchanged state of the breasts, and by the length of time. From dropsy of the belly it is chiefly dis- tinguished by the absence of the emaciation and careworn countenance peculiar to ascites. Treatment. — Unfortunately for the credit of science, no means have yet been discovered to benefit this disease; the only palliation yet found has been to leave the tumor alone as long as possible, and then draw off the water by atrochar and canulla; fill the sac with wine and water, or a solution of iodine, and treat it like hydrocele; almost every operation undertaken to remove this encysted tumor, though performed with humanity and skill by Lizars, Liston, Smye, and the first surgeons in Europe, has proved unfortunate or fatal. WHITES, OR LEUCORRfl(EA, (Fluor Albus).— This disease is peculiar to females. It is indicated by a morbid secretion of mucus from the passage leading to the womb, termed vagina. It varies, in appearance, consistence, and quantity, in different persons. Women of delicate constitution, debilitated by hard labors, miscarriages, grief, poor living, and of an erysipelatous habit, generally termed scorbutic, are most subject to it, and in them it proves very obstinate. It is the effect both of relaxation and inflammatory excitement. Treatment. — When it arises from relaxation, the tonic pills will generally succeed in affecting a cure. Cold bathing or the local appli- cation of cold water, is a good remedy for this disease, and should be used every morning, provided the patient be free from cough or diffi- culty of breathing, and not subject to a determination of blood to the brain. If the discharge continue after the employment of these means, an astringent lotion may be used; as the following: Take of pomegran- ate-rind, bruised, 3 drs. ; boil in a quart of water to a pint and a half; then strain, and add alum, 1% ^^^' '-To be injected by means of a female syringe. G ive an emetic and a vapor bath occasionally. If the stools are of a pale clay or very dark color, or the patient be subject to erysipelas, or eruption of the skin, take a little rhubarb and magnesia every other night for about ten days. When fluor albus occurs in a person of a robust and sanguine habit, it may be considered of an inflammatory nature; in which case, instead of tonic medicines above recommended, the patient should take every other morning, 2 drs. of Epsom salts, and 10 grs. of nitre pow- der, with 15 of gum-arabic powder, in a glass of barley-water three times a day; which, with a low diet, (free from all kinds of stimu- lants,) will succeed in curing it. To these remedies, the application of cold water, will be a powerful auxiliary. When the discharge is of an ichorous nature, and of a dark or yellowish color, and attended with pain in the region of the womb, or with irritation, burning heat, difficulty or heat of urine, troublesome itching, a sense of bearing down, and a frequent inclination to evac- uate; pains on the approach, or during the time of menstruation; and particularly^ if pieces of coagulated blood (generally termed clots) are discharged; some organic disease of the womb maybe suspected, especially if they occur about the time of the cessation of the menstrual discnarge. 3IO . Appendix to Medical Department, The buchu leaves are a good remedy for this disease, and in many cases of long standin^r, the tincture, in the dose of two tea-spoon- fuls, in a wine-glass of the decoction of marshmallow root, has succeeded in curing the disease, and improving tlie general health. In obstinate cases it may be given in an infusion of tlie leaves, in lieu of the decoction of marshwallow root. The diet must depend on the general health' of the patient. If she be weakly, and of a delicate constitution, it should be nourishing and easy of digestion, such as blanc mange, andthcTegetable and animal jellies, with a small portion of meat; a little good Port or Sherry may also be allowed, but water should be adopted in lieu of malt liquor; but if the complaint be attended with much irritation or pain on making water, it will be advisable to avoid pepper and much salt, but not otherwise. Mr. Wesley recommends the following: Live chastely; feed sparingly; use exercise constantly; sleep moderately, but never lying on your back. Take 8 grs. of jalap every eight days. This usually cures in five weeks. Or, make Venice turpentine, flour, and finesugar, equal quantities, into small pills. Take three or four of these morning and evening. This also cures most pains in the back. Or, take yellow resin, pow- dered, 1 oz. ; conserve of roses, y^ oz. ; powdered rhubarb, 3 drs. ; syrup, a sutlicient quantity to make an electuary. Take a large tea- spoonful of this twice a day, in a cup of comf rey-root tea. CHILDREN, DISEASES OF.— The attention of mothers cannot be too early called to the fact that each stage in the growth of children from infancy to youth, is liable to diseases and ailments peculiar, or to a certain extent so, to their age, and that according to the negligence or care bestowed on their moral and physical health and training as children, and emphatically while under tlie responsible tution of their mothers, will depend much of the intellectual virtue or depravity, and the bodily strength or debility, on which the future happiness or misery of the grown man or woman will depend. Of these maternal duties we shall have more to say when we come to the subject apper- taining to Mothers; at present we have to do with childhood. All children, from their extremely delicate organization, are more susceptible of changes of heat and cold than adults, and at the same time are much sooner influenced by medicine, and more easily depress- ed, than the fully matured; but on the other hand, they rally much quicker from all depressing influences. On account of these facts, children should always be well and amply clothed; not according to the vanity or caprice of their parents (who, from the idea that plenty of air admitted to the emaciated limbs of their children is conducive to their growth, dress them like young Highlanders in the depth of winter), but according to the severity or mildness of the season, in befltting apparel. Again, all strong or drastic drugs should be with- held from children, — such as elaterium, Croton oil, Epsom salts, gam- boge, and, in fact, all violent purgative medicines. Another fact, connected with this subject is, that nearly all the afifections of childhood take their origin from, or are dependent on, some mischief in the stomach or bowels; this truth must be familiar to all mothers, who cannot fail to have noticed the almost magical improvement which will take place in a young child from the operation of a simple aperient powder, when, an hour before, the symptoms threatened most serious consequences. The information obtained from this fact is, that though violent purgatives are injurious to childhood, mild ajierient medicines are hardly ever out of place with young patients, and will Appendix to Medical Department, 311 often ward off, if not cure — when given in time — a serious disease. Equally inadmissable in childhood are stimulants; the natural vivacity of children rendering wines and spirits — except in rare and peculiar cases — most injurious; air, exercise, and a sufficiency of wholesome food, being the only stimulants ever required by children. We have already said that every stage of juvenile life is more or less subject to its own class of ailments; thus, in early infancy we find the red gum, thrush, and diarrhea; from the sixth to the eighteenth month the many affections springing from teething show themselves, infantile remittent fever, and inflammation of the lungs. From two to seven years, the more particularly infantile diseases are developed, as glass pox, scarlet fever, measles, croup, whooping cough, mumps, worms, and that train of evils attending the presence of those parasites; mesenteric disease, and water on the head, with other minor maladies. For the history and treatment of each disease mentioned, consult the article under its proper name. Children. — Happy indeed is the child who, during the first period of its existence, is fed upon no other aliment than the milk of its mother, or that of a healthy nurse. If other food becomes necessary before the child has acquired teeth, it ought to be of a liquid form; for instance, biscuits or stale bread boiled in an equal mixture of milk and water, to the consistence of a thick soup; but by no means even this in the first week of its life. Flour or meal ought never to be used for soup, as it produces viscid humors, instead of a wholeseme nutritious chyle. After the first six months, weak veal or chicken broth may be given and also, progressively, vegetables that are not very flatulent; for instance, carrots, endives, spinach, parsnips, with broth, and boiled fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, and cherries. When the infant is weaned, and has acquired its proper teeth, it is advisable to let it have small portions of meat, and other vegetables, as well as dishes prepared of flour, etc., so that it may gradually become accustomed to every kind of strong and wholesome food. We ought, however, to be cautions, and not upon any account to allow a child pastry, confectionery, cheese, heavy dishes made of boiled or baked flours, onions, horseradish, mustard, smoked and salt- ed meat, especially pork, and all compound dishes; for the most simple food is the most wholesome. Potatoes should be allowed only in moderation, and not to be eaten with butter, but rather with other vegetables, either mashed up or in broth. The time of taking food is not a matter of indifference; very young infants make an exception; for, as their consumption of vital power is more rapid, they may be more frequently indulged with aliment. It is, however, advisable to accustom even them to a certain regu- larity, so as to allow them their victuals at stated periods of the day; for it has been observed that those children which are fed indiscrimi- nately through the whole day, are subject to debility and disease. The stomach should be allowed to recover its tone, and collect the juices necessary for digestion, before it is supplied with a new portion of food. The following order of giving food to children has been found proper, and conducive to their health: After rising in the morniiig, suppose about six o'clock, a moderate portion of lukewarm milk, with well baked bread, which should by no means be new ; at nine, o'clock, bread with some fruit, or, if fruit be scarce, a small quantity of fresh butter; about twelve o'clock, the dinner, of a sufficient quantity; 31- Appendix to Afedical Department. between four or five o'clock, some bread with fruit, or, in winter, tlie jam of plums, as a substitute for fruit. On this occasion, children should be allowed to eat till they are satisfied, without surfeiting themselves, that they may not crave for a heavy supper, which disturbs their rest, and is productive of bad humors; lastly, about seven o'clock, they may be permitted a light supper, consisting either of milk, soup, fruit, or boiled vegetables and the like, but neither meat nor mealy dishes, or any article of food which produces flatulency; in short, they ought then to eat but little, and remain awake at least for an hour after it. It has often been contended that bread is hurtful to children ; but this applies only to new bread, or such as is not sufficiently baked ; for instance nothing can be more hurtful or oppressive than rolls, muffins and crumpets. Good wheaten bread, especially that baked by the aerated process, is extremely proper during the first j'ears of infancy; but that made of rye, or a mixture of wheat and rye, would be more conducive to health after the age of childhood. With respect to drink, physicians are decidedly against giving it to children in large quantities, and at irregular periods, whether it con- sists of the mother's milk, or any other equally mild liquid. It is improper and pernicious to keep infants continually at the breast; and it would be less hurtful, nay, even judicious, to let them cry for a few nights, rather than to fill them incessantly with milk, wiiich readily turns sour on the stomach, weakens the digestive organs, and ultmately generates scrofulous aflections. In the latter part of the first year, pure water may occasionally be given ; and if this cannot be procured, a light and well-fermented table beer might be substituted. Those parents who accustom their cliildren to drink water only, bestow on tliem a fortune, the value and importance of which will be sensibly felt through life. Many children acquire a habit of drinking during their meals; it would be more conducive to digestion if they were accustomed to drink only after having made a meal. This salutary rule is too often ne- glected, though it be certain tliat inundations of the stomach, during the mastication and maceration of the food, not only vitiate digestion, but they may be attended with other bad consequences; as cold drink, when brought in contact with the teeth previously heated, may easily occasion cracks or chinks in these useful bones, and pave the way for their carious dissolution. If we inquire into the cause which produces the crying of infants, we shall find that it seldom originates from pain, or uncomfortable sensations; for those who are apt to imagine that such causes must cdways operate on the body of an infant, are egregiously mistaken ; inasmuch as they conceive that the physical condition, together with the method of expressing sensations, is the same in infants and adults. It requires, however, no demonstration to prove that the state of the former is essentially different from that of the latter. In the first year of infancy, many expressions of the tender organs are to be considered only as efforts or manifestations of power. We observe, for instance, that a child, as soon it is undressed, or disencumbered from swaddling clothes, moves its arras and legs, and often makes a variety of strong exertions; yet no reasonable person would suppose that such attempts arise from a preternatural or oppressive state of the little agent. It is therefore equally absurd to draw an unfavorable inference from every inarticulate cry; because, in most instances, these vocifera- Appendix to Medical Department. 313 ting sounds imply the effort which cliildren necessarily make to display the strength of their lungs, and exercise the organs of respiration. Nature has wisely ordained that by these very efforts the power and utility of functions so essential to life should be developed, and rendered more perfect with eveiy respiration. Hence it follows, that those over-anxious parents or nurses, who continually endeavor to prevent infants crying, do them a material injury ; for, by such imprudent mangement their children seldom or never acquire a perfect form of the breast, while the foundation is laid in the pectoral vessels for obstructions and other diseases. Independently of any particular causes, the cries of children, with regard to their general effects, are higlily beneficial and necessary. In the first period of life, sucli exertions are the almost only exercise of the infant; thus tiie circulation of the blood, and all the other fluids, is rendered more uniform; digestion, nutrition, and tli<* growth of the body are thereby promoted; and the different seci-etions, together with the very important oflice of tlie sicin, or insensible per- spiration, are ^\x\y performed. It is extremely improper to consider every noise of an infant as a claim upon our assistance, and to intrude either food or drink, with a view to satisfy its supposed wants. By such injudicious conduct, children readily acquire the injurious habit of demanding nutriment at improper times, and without necessity; their digestion become impair- ed ; and consequently, at this early age, the whole mass of the fluids is gradually corrupted. Sometimes, however, the mother or nurse removes the child from its couch, carries, it about, frequently in the middle of the night, and thus exposes it to repeated colds, which are in their effects infinitely more dangerous than the most violent cries. We learn from daily experience, that children who have been the least indulged, thrive much better, unfold all their faculties quicker, and acquire more muscular strength and vigor of mind, than those who have been cont?tantly favored, and treated by their parents with the most solicitous attention; bodily weakness and mental imbecility are the usual attributes of the latter. The first and principal rule of education ought never to be forgot- ten — that man is intended to be a free and independent agent; that his moral and phj'^sical powers ought to be spontaneously developed ; that he should as soon as possible be made acquainted with the nature and uses of all his faculties, in order to attain that degree of perfection which is consistent with the structure of his organs; and that he was not originally designed for wiiat we endeavor to make of him by artificial aid. Ttie greatest art in educating children consists in a continued vigilance over all their actions, without ever giving them an opportu- nity of discovering that th(iy are guided and watched. There are, however, instances in which the loud complaints of infants demand our attention. Thus, if their cries be unusually violent and long continued, we may conclude that they are troubled with colic i)ains; if, on such occasions, they move their arms and hands repeatedly towards the face, painful teething may account for the cause; and if other morbid phenomena accompany their cries, or if these expressions be repeated at certain periods of the day, we ought not to slight them, but endeavor to discover the proximate or remote causes. Infants cannot sleep too long; audit is a favorable symptom vvhen 14 314 Appendix to Medical Department. they enjoj'- a calm and long-continued rest, of which they should by no means be deprived, as this is the greatest support granted to them by nature A child lives comparatively much faster than an adult; its blood flows more radidly; eveiy stimulus operates more powerfully; and not only its constituent parts, but its vital resources also, are more speedily consumed. Sleep promotes a more calm and uniform circulation of the blood ; it facilitates the assimilation of the nutriment received, and contributes towards a more copious and regular deposition of alimentary mattei*, while the horizontal posture is the most favorable to the growth and development of the child. Sleep ought to be in proportion to the age of the infant. After the age six months, the periods of sleep, as well as all other animal functions, may in some degree be regulated; yet, even then, a child should be suffered to sleep the whole night, and several hours both in the morning and in the afternoon. Mothers and nurses should endeavor to accustom infants, from the time of their birth, to sleep in the night preferably to the day, and for this purpose they ought to remove all external impressions which may disturb their rest, such as noise, light, etc., but especially not to obey every call for taking them up, and giving food at improper times. After the second year of their age, they will not instinctively require to sleep in the forenoon, though after dinner it may be con- tinued to the third and fourth year of life, if the child shows a particu- lar inclination to repose; because, till that age, the full half of life may safely be allotted to sleep. From that period, however, sleep ought to be shortened for the space of one hour with every succeedhig year, so that a child of seven years old may sleep about eiglit, and not exceeding nine hours; til is proportion may be continued to the age of adolescence and even manhood. To awaken children from their sleep with a noise, or an impetuous manner, is extremely injudicious and hurtful ; nor is it proper to carry them from a dark room immediately into a glaring light, or against a dazzling wall ; for the sudden impression of light debilitates the organs of vision, and lays the foundation of weak eyes, from early infancy. A bedroom or nursery ought to be spacious and lofty, dry, airy, and not inhabited through the clay. No servants, if possible, should be suffered to sleep in the same room, and no linen or washed clothes should ever be hung there to dry, as they contaminate the air in which so considerable a portion of infantile life must be spent. The consequences attending a vitiated atmosphere in such rooms are serious, and often fatal. Feather beds should be banished from nurseries, as they are unnatural and debilitating contrivances. The windows should never be opened at night, but may be left open the whole daj^ in tine clear weather. Lastly, the bedstead must not be placed too low on the floor; nor is it proper to let children sleep on a couch which is made without any elevation from the ground ; because the most mephitic and pernicious stratum of air in an apartment is that witliin one or two feet from the floor, while the most wholesome, or atmospheric air, is in the middle of the room, and the inflammable g-as ascends to the top. COOKERY FOU CHILDREN— Food for an lufant.— Take of fresh Appendix to Medical Department, 315 cow's milk, one tablespoonful, and mix with two tablespoonfuls of hot water; s\yeeten with loaf sugar, as much as may be agreeable. This quantity is sufficient for once feediuor a new-born infant; and the same quantity may be given every two or three hours,— .not oftener,— till the mother's breast aflbrds natural nourishment. Milk for Infants Six Months Old — Take one pint of milk one pmt of water; boil it and add one tablespoonful of flour. Dissolve the flour first in half a teacupf ul of water; it must be strained in gradually and boiled hard twenty minutes. As the child grows older, one-thif-d water. If properly made, it is the most nutritious, at the same time the most delicate food that can be given to young children. Broth, made of lamb or chicken, with stale bread toasted, and broken m, is safe and wholesome for the dinners of children when flrst weaned. ^ 5^'^'/'*^®^ ^^°™ ^^^ ^^^' ^^^^ a very little loaf sugar, is good and safe food for young children. From three years old to seven, pure milk, into which stale bread is crumbled, is the best breakfast and supper tor a child. For a Child's Luncheon.— Good sweet butter, with stale bread is one ot the nutritious, at the same time the most wholesome articles of lood that can be given children after they are weaned. ^ Milk Porridg-e.— Stir four tablespoonfuls of oatmeal, smoothly, into a quart of milk, then stir it quickly into a quart of boiling water and boil it up a tew minutes till it is thickened; sweeten with suo-ar Uatmeal, where it is found to agree with the stomach, is much better tor children,^ being a mild aperient as well as cleanser; fine flour in every shape is the reverse. Where biscuit-powder is in use, let it be made at home; this, at all events, will prevent them gettino- tlie sweepings of the baker's counters, boxes, and baskets. All the waste bread in the nursery, hard ends of stale loaves, etc., ought to be dried m the oven or screen, and reduced to powder in the mortar. Meats for Children.— Mutton, lamb, and poultry are the best, liirds and the white meat of fowls are the most delicate food of this kind that can be given. These meats should be slowly cooked, and no gravy, if made rich with butter, should be eaten by a young child Never give children hard, tough, half-cooked meats, of any kind. Vegetables for Children-Eggs, etc.-Their rice ought to be cooked in no more water than is necessary to swell it; their apples roasted, or stewed with no more water than is necessary to steam them ; their vegetables so well cooked as to make them require little butter, and less digestion; their eggs boiled slowly and soft. The boiling of their milk ought to be directed by the state of their bowels; if flatulent or bilious, a very little curry-powder may be given in their vegetables with good effect. Turmeric and the warm seeds (not hot peppers) are also particularly useful in such cases. Potatoes and Peas — Potatoes, particularly some kinds, are not easily digested by children; but this maybe remedied by mashin^ them vey fine, and seasoning'them with sugar and a little milk. When peas are dressed for children, let them be seasoned with mint and suo-ar, which will take off the flatulency. If they are old, let them be pulped as the skins are perfectly indigestible by children's stomachs. Never give them vegetables less stewed than would pulp through a colander. Kice Pudding with Fruit.— In a pint of new milk put two large spoonfuls of rice, well washed; then add two apples, pared and quar- eS^f li?^ ^ 1 7 ^"J^^ants or raisins, Simmer slowly till the rice is very sort, then add one ^^^ beaten, to bind it; serve with cream and sugar. 3i6 Appendix to Medical Department Pjiddingrs and Pancakes for Oliildren. — Sugar and egg, browned before the fire, or dropped as fritters into a hot frying-pan, without fat will make a nourishing meal. To Prepare Fruit for Children.— A far more wholesome way than in pies or puddings, is to put apples sliced, or plums, currants, goose- berries, etc., into a stone jar, and sprinkle among them as much sugar as necessary. Set tiie jar in an oven on a hearth, with a teacupful of water to prevent the fruit from burning; or put the jar into a sauce- pan of water till its contents be perfectly done. Slices of bread or some rice maj" be put into the jar, to eat with the fruit. Rice and Apples. — Core as many nice apples as will fill the dish; boil them in light syrup; prepare a quarter of a pound of rice in milk with sugar and salt; put some of the rice in the disli, put in the apples and fill up the intervals with rice; bake it in the oven till it is a fine color. A Nice Apple Cake for Children. — Grate some stale bread, and slice about double the quantity of apples; butter the mould, and line it with sugar paste, and strew in some crumbs, mixed with a little sugar; then lay in apples, with a few bits of butter over them, and so continue till the dish is full; cover it with crumbs, or prepared rice ; season with cinnamon and sugar. Bake it well. Fruits for Children. — That fruits are naturally healthy in their season, if rightly taken, no one who believes that the Creator is a kind and beneficient Being can doubt. And yet the use of summer fruits appears often to cause most fatal diseases, especially in children. Why is this? Because we do not conform to the natural laws in using this kind of diet. These laws are very simple, and easy to understand. Let the fruit be ripe when you eat it; and eat when you require food. F.ruits that have seeds are much more wholesome than the stone fruits. But all fruits are better, for very young children, if baked or cooked in some manner, and eaten Avith bread. The French always eat bread with raw fruit. Apples and winter pears are very excellent food for children, — indeed, for almost any person in health, — but best when eaten for breakfast or dinner. If taken late in the evening, fruit often proves injurious The old saying, that apples 'AVQgold in the morning, silver at noon, and lead at night, is pretty near the truth. Both apples and pears are often good and nutritious when baked or stewed, for those delicate constitutions that cannot bear raw fruit. Much of the fruit gathered when unripe might be rendered fit for food by preserving in sugar. Ripe Currants are excellent food for children. Mash the fruit, sprinkle with sugar, and with good bread let theai eat of this fruit freely. Blackberry Jam. — Gather the fruit in dry weather; allow half a pound of good brown sugar to every pound of fruit; boil the whole together gently for an hour, or till the blackberries are soft, stirring and mashing them well. Preserve it like any other jam, audit will be found very useful in families, particularly for children, regulating their bowels, and enabling you to dispense with cathartics. It may be spread on bread, or on puddings; Instead of butter; and even when the blackberries are bought, it is cheaper than butter. In the country every family should preserve at least half a j)eck of blackberries. To Make Senna and Manna Palatable.— Take half an ounce, when mixed, senna and manna; put in half a pint of boiling water; when the strength is abstracted, pour into the liquid from a quarter to a half pound ot prunes and two large tablespoonf uls of West India molasses. - - Apptndix to Medical Department, 317 Stew until the liquid is nearly absorbed. When cold it can be eaten with bread and butter, without detecting the senna, and is excellent for children when costive. DISCIPLINE OF CHILDREN.— Children should not be allowed to ask for the same thing twice. This may be accomplished by parents, teacher, or whoever may happen to have the management of them, paying attention to their little wants, if proper, at once, when possible. Children should be instructed to understand that when they are not answered immediately, it is because it is not convenient. Let them learn patience by waiting. Biting the Nails. — This is a habit that should be immediately corrected in children, as, if persisted in for any length of time, it permanently deforms the nails. Dipping the finger ends in some bit- ter tincture will generally prevent children from putting them in their mouth ; but if this fails, as it sometimes will, each finger end ought to be encased in a stall until the propensity is eradicated. CROUP.— This is a dangerous disease. It is common to infancy, and rarely occurs to adults. It is an inflammation of the larynx, tra- chea, and contiguous tissues. It derives its name from the peculiar sound of the voice and breathing, being of a whistling or crowing character, owing to a contraction of the glottis. It generally com- mences with a common cold and catarrh, hoarseness, cough, and in- creased difficulty of breathing, and the crowing already spoken of. It demands prompt treatment. The great object is to diminish the inflammation and irritation, and to relax the spasmodic state of the muscles in the parts diseased. The vessels in those parts are overcharged with blood, by an imperfect action of the exhalents. Place the feet in warm water, and give an emetic. After bathing, rub the legs and feet well with flannel. Then give a vapor bath, if the patient can bear it. (See "Emetic Powder,-' " Expectorant Tincture.") Repeat the process, if needful. The per- spiration will be greater by applying to the feet and each side hot bricks, and wrapped in flannel saturated with vinegar and a little water. At the same time give an aperient to produce a free action on the bowels. Apply this tincture to the throat, viz. : Half a tea-spoon of cayenne pepper; nearly a cup of vinegar ; simmer ten minutes, and strain. This tincture may be diluted with warm water, according to the strength of the patient- Rub it well on the throat for five or ten minutes ; and next saturate a flannel with it, and apply it to the throat. This application tends to relieve the internally congested blood-ves- sels. Repeat the application, as necessary. Mustard plasters may be applied to the feet, the upper part of the chest, and between the shoulders, alternately. It has been recom- mended to steep hops in hot vinegar, and the patient to inhale the vapor. Even a large sponge dipped in as hot water as the hand can bear, squeezed half dry, and renewed before it is cool, is of great ad- vantage. Keep the atmosphere of the room at a regular temperature. Aid tiie perspiration b}^ warm drinks, as balm tea, etc. To prevent a return of this disorder, keep tlie child warm, avoid wet feet, cold, damp, easterly winds, etc. Children whose constitu- tions dispose them to croup, ought to have their diet properly regu- lated, and be kei^t from all crude, raw, and trashy fruits. CHICKEN-POX. — This is a mild, eruptive 'disease, and seldom occurs more than once in a person's liletime. The eruption is attended with but little indisposition. There is a slight chilliness, weariness, cough, fever, bad appetite, etc., a day or two before the eruption ap- 3^^ Appendix to Medical Departvtent. pears, which resembles the small-pox. Treatment is simply plenty of cooling drinks acidulated, some cooling and aperient medicine, to keep the bowels gently open. Let the patient also be kept warm, till the pox die away. WHOOPING-COUGH.— Dissolve a scruple of salt of tartar in a quarter pint of water; add to it 10 grs. of cochineal; sweeten it with sugar. Give to an infant a fourth part of a table-spoon four times a day; two years old, half a spoon; four years, a table-spoon. Great care is required in the administration of medicines to infants. We can assure paternal inquirers that the foregoing may be depended upon. Whooping- Cough.— Use the cold bath daily. Or, rub the feet thoroughly with hog's lard, before the lire, at going to bed, and keep tlie child warm therein. Or, rub the back at lying down with old rum. It seldom fails. Or, give a spoon of the juice of pennyroyal, mixed with brown sugar-candy, twice a day. — Wesley, Whoopiiig-Cough. — Dissolve 1 scr. of salt of tartar in i^ pt. of water; add 8 drops of laudanum ; sweeten it with sugar. Give to an infant 1 tea-spoon four times a day; two years old, 2 tea-spoons; for four years, 1 table-spoon. Or, take flower of Benjamin, and strained opium, of each, 3 drs ; camphor, 2 scrs,; essential oil of anise-seeds, 3^ dr. ; rectified spirit of wine, 1 qt. ; powdered licorice, 4 ozs. ; and honey, 4 ozs. Digest and strain. Or, take of musk julep, 6 ozs.; paregoric elixir, 3^oz.; volatile tincture of valerian, 1 dr. Mix, and take 2 spoons three or four times every day. Or, take ipecacuanha, 14 grs.; warm water, 3^ pt. Infuse. Take a tea-spoon now and then. Whooping-Cougli, Embrocation for. — Olive oil, 8ozs. ; oil of am- ber, 4ozs. ; oil of cloves, sufficient to scent it strongly; croton oil, 3 drops; mix; rub on the chest. Or, oil of amber, and spirits of harts- horn, equal parts. Mix. Apply to the soles of the feet, and to the palms of the hands, morning, noon, and night. Roclie's Embrocation for Whooplng-Cough.— Olive oil, 2 ozs. ; oil of amber, 1 oz.; oil of cloves, 1 dr. Mix. To be rubbed on the chest at bed-time. MUMPS. — This disease, almost exclusively confined to children, consists of an enlargement of the lymphatic and salivary glands of the neck, constituting what among medical men is know as cynanche parotideos. The swelling generally takes place near the angle of the lower jaw, and where it is articulated with the upper jaw, and some- times causes such an enlargement that the distended gland hangs down like a bag; in general, however, the glands are only partially dis- tended, though by their pressure on the tonsils they cause both diflS- culty of swallowing and partial deafness. Mumps is generally attended with a degree of inflammatory fever, and when severe, is accompanied with shortness of breathing, hot skin, and other febrile symptoms. Sometimes the swelling suddenly disappears, as in gout, and makes its appearance upon some other part of the body; this is regarded among medical men as an unfavorable symptom. The TREATMENT of mumps, in the simple and most general form, consists in fomenting the neck with a hot bran poultice, rubbing into the swollen glands hartshorn and oil, or camphorated oil, twice a day for five minutes at a time, and applying the hot poultice dii-ectly after using either of the above liniments. As mumps almost always arises from irregularity in the child's system, or from cold, it is always nec- essary to give some aperient medicine. For children under six years of age, a few spoons of infusion of senna and manna will generally Appendix to Medical Department. 319 be sufficient for tiie purpose, especially if the dose is repeated for two or three times. When the child's a^e exceeds six years, it will be nec- essary to give something more constitutionally effective, such as one, two, or if necessary three of the following powders : Take of powdered jalap, scammony, of each, 24 grs. ; cream-of- tartar, 1 dr. ; mix thoroughly, and add grey powder, antimonial pow- der, of each, 12 grs. Mix, and divide into 6 powders; one to be given every morning, or every second morning, according to their effect oi; the bowels. Mumps. — This is a disease of the salivary glands, which are situ- ated on each side of the lower jaw. It generally comes on with cold shiverings, sickness, and vomiting, pain in the head, succeeded by swelling of one or both sides ot the neck, and sometimes becomes very painful, and so large as to impede the breathing, and the swal- lowing. It generally increases till the fourth day, and then declines. In this complaint, little medicine is required. Give an aperient. Bathe the feet frequently in warm water. At night give the diaph- oretic powder or decoction. Bathe the swelling with warm water and tincture of myrrh, and thirty drops of laudanum; or apply flannels dipped in the mixture. Cover the swelling with flannel. In extreme cases, give the vapor bath and the composition powder. Should the swelling break, apply a slippery elm poultice, made with milk and water; then apply tlte black salve for healing, or the green ointment. MEASLES, ail Eruptive Disease. — It is indicated by chilliness, shivering, pain in the head, fever, sneezing, discharges from the nose, sickness, and sometimes vomiting, hoarseness, cough, heaviness of the eyes; the eyelids frequently swell so as to cause blindness, the pa- tient complains of his throat, and a looseness often precedes the erup- tion. ' The third or fourth day an eruption, like flea-bites, appears in the face, neck, and breast, and soon after in the body and limbs; the eruption does not suppurate. But the spots soon run into one another, and form red streaks, giving to the skin an inflammatory appearance, and produce a perceptible swelling on the face. The eruption may be distinguished from the small-pox by their scarcely rising above the skin. The fever, cough, and difficulty of breathing, instead of being removed by the eruption, as in the small-pox, are rather increased j but the vomiting generally ceases. About the sixth or seventh day, and sometimes earlier, the erup- tion begins to fade, and gradually disappears, accompanied with a separation of the skin in the form of scales. But the other symptoms sometimes remain for a considerable time, and require care, warmth, and appropriate medicine. In the malignant measles, the eruption appears more early, and all the symptoms, just described, in an aggravated form. The mouth and throat assume appearances. The mouth and throat appear as if they were ulcerated, and the fever is of a typhus kind, and symptoms of putrescency appear; also petichiae, or purple, livid spots, a i)ain in the head and eyes, difficult respiration, no expectoration with the cough, an inflammatory affection of the lungs, feeble but rapid pulse, delirium, and oft a violent looseness; these are very unfavorable symptoms. Such as die of the measles, generally expire about the ninth or tenth day from the first attack. The most favorable symp- toms are a moderate looseness, a moist skin, and a plentiful discharge of urine. This disaase is very infectious ; often prevails epidemicallj'^, how- ever; and the constitution that has been once under its influence is 320 Appendix to Medical Department. seldom or never liable to a second attack, especially if the first attack was a mild one. Treatment. — At the commencement of the disease, no animal food must be taken, the patient must be confined to a low, spare diet, as gruel, sago, etc., and for common drink, barley-water, acidulated with lemon-juice. The bedroom should be kept moderately cool, regulatino^ tlie temperature thereof by the feelings, guarding against any sudden change, and especially exposure to cold draughts. When the attack is of a mild character, little medicine is wanted. Perhaps the less we interfere with the efforts of nature the better. It would be extreme folly to deplete the system by active treatment. In mild cases, nature, a Utile assisted, generally effects a cure. But when the symptoms are of a sterner character, active means must be used. Place the feet in warm water, in which dissolve a little carbonate of soda, two or three times a day. Give a mild emetic (as the emetic tincture). Give also the aperient for children. Should the fever be very high, give the following febrifuge mixture : Sub-carbonate of potash, 2 drs. ; purified nitre, 30 grs. ; camphor mixture, 6 ozs.; mix in a strong infusion of saffron. This mixture is designed to determine the eruption to the surface. Or, the following infusion will be very effective, and it should be given as soon as possible after the emetic : Saff'ron, 2 parts; Virginia snake-root, 1 part; infuse rapidly, or make a tea; sweeten and give warm, as much as the stomach will bear. If the eruption is slow in appearing, or only partially appears, or recedes, give the sudorific drops, warm milk sweetened, or strong balm tea with a little saffron infused. A bottle of hot water or a hot brick wrapped in a cloth, saturated with vinegar and water, or a vapor bath made of the decoction of bitter herbs, will be found most efficient. When the eruption is prominent, little more medicine is required. A little of the composition powder may be given occasionall3\ Sponge the body from the first, now and then, with warm lye-water and a little carbonate of soda. Wash the eyes with very weak brandy and water; or with slippery elm bark and a solution of borax. If the cough is severe, attended with impeded breathing, apply a mustard plaster to the chest, and repeat, if necessary; and give the expectorant syrup or tincture; or inhale the steam of warm water, in which 30 or 40 drops of laudanum have been inti'oduced. If the head is affected, continue to bathe the feet in warm water. Should there be much restlessness and pain, give the diaphoretic powder, or decoction. From the first attack of the measles, keep the bowels regular. A vol- untarj'' looseness indicates a favorable crisis ; and, if moderate, it should not be checked. When it is ver}^ severe, it should be checked by some mild astringent; as, an infusion of raspberry leaves; or an infusion of raspberry leaves and a few drops of laudanum. Should the sj'stem be much debilitated, with a tendency to putrescency, the strength should be supported with cordials, beef tea, calf's-feet jelly, and an infusion of Peruvian bark in port wine. Give also an infusion of malt with two tablespoons of yeast to a quart of the former, in order to neutralize the putrescence indicated by purple spots, etc. Patients recovering from the measles should not expose themselves too soon to the cold air. The food ought for some time to be light, and the drink diluting. Cooling lenitive medicines are essentially neces- sary after this disease, to carry oft" the remaining disposition to inflam- matory affection of the lungs. Through every stage of the disease, the state of the lungs juust be carefully regarded, for it is from the effect on them that the danger of the measles in most cases depends. Appendix to Medical Department. 321 It ie necessary also to give tonic bitters for the recovery of the former strength, to breathe a pure air. and if the lungs will bear it, and the weather suitable, to take gentle open air exercise. RICKETS. — A disease almost peculiar to childhood, depending upon tlie want of a due proportion of the mineral salts in the blood, in consequence of which impoverished state the bones in a growing child are deprived of their proper amount of earthy ingredients, be- coming consequently soft and pliable, instead of being naturally firm and resistant. Though properly a constitutional disease, rickets is regarded as a local evil, simply because its effects are chiefly seeu in the bones of the legs or arms. We have explained, under the head of "Bone," and elsewhere, that if a bone is immersed for a few days in a mixture of muriatic acid and water, all the earthy salts will be extracted from its structure, and a substance like gutta-percha, of the exact shape of the bone, only capable of being bent, doubled up, or extended, like Indian rubber, will remain. Such a condition, more or less supple, according to the amount of earthy matter contained in the cells of the organ, is the state of the bones in rickets, which, being deprived of their resistant properties, become unable to bea'r the weight and pres- sure of the body, give way, and are easily bent, twisted, or deformed. The CAUSES of rickets, though generally attributed to bad nurs- ing, bad food, imperfect ventilation, and want of cleanliness, must be looked for in the constitution of the parents or that of the child, showing a want of those earthy particles or mineral salts which, under the head of "Food," we have shown are so necessary to the health and stamina of the body. Defective assimilation of food is the pro- fessional term given as an explanation of the cause of this disease; tlie meaning of which is, that there is a deficiency of phosphate of lime, either in the food taken or in the s^'^stem. The SYMPTOMS of rickets are more passive than positive, and show themselves ratlier by their local than by their constitutional characters. The geneial eftects, however, are a softness and flaccidity of the mus- cles of the body; a sallow, anxious countenance; a distended or tumid state of the abdomen, with turbid state of the urine, and though the appetite is good, the child gradually loses flesh and strength. The teething process is slow and imperfect, and the teeth, when formed, quickly decay, become loose, or fall out; the epiphyses^ or extremities of the long bones, become spongy and swollen, the disease first show- ing itself at the wrists and ankles; and as the mischief advances, the long bones graduall}^ give way, and bend under the weight of the body, and become twisted, and often most grotesqu«3ly deformed, by the action of the muscles, which, straining in contrary directions, produce that malformation which is generally understood by the name of rickets. In ordinary cases the legs only are deformed — bent out or inwards. Or twisted in many forms; but in severe cases the bones of the spine also become softened, the vertebrae of the shoulders (dorsal) are displaced, producing a hump, while the breast-bone is thrown for- ward, forming what is called a pigeon-breast. The mental faculties do not generally sufier with the physical debility, but often shine out with unusual precocity and vigor. Treatment. — As the cause of this disease is an absence of the mineral salts, the natural remedy for the case would seem to be to give the system those salts of which it stands in need, namely, the phos- phates of lime and soda. The cure, however, cannot always be efiected by these means alone, though given in constantly repeated doses ; th» 322 Appendix to Medical Department. ^ restoration to health can only be attained by a steady and gradual sys- tem of dietetics and regimen. The first indispensable requisite is change of air, and, if possible, to tlie sea-side; the use of cold salt- Avater baths; a daily friction with the hand, night and morning, for at least ten minutes each time, along the limb or part most affected; an abundance of milk, and a full and rich diet — animal and vegetable — with fruit; the patient in this instance being enjoined to eat the rind or skin as well as the fruit, and when the digestion is good, water- cresses, radishes, salad, and any crude vegetable in which the mineral salts are in their natural abundance. Next in importance to fresh air, cold baths, friction, and abundance of food, rest in the horizontal position is absolutely necessary, the child never being allowed to stand, or bear any weight on its limbs, unless supported by splints and band- ages, precisely the same as for a fracture, the limb, especially if it is the leg, being well rubbed, either with the bare hand or with a little lard or sweet oil. Though the diet and regimen are the chief agents required in the treatment of rickets, some medicine is necessary, and of that we shall now proceed to speak. In the first place, cod-liver oil, on account of the nitrogen or animalizing principle it contains, has been greatly recommended in this disease, and there can be no doubt that in cases of much debility it may be given with very great effect. The chief dependence, however, must be placed on the stimulating and tonic properties of iron, as prescribed below, with the saline powders fol- lowing : Take of steel wine, 2 ozs.; syrup of saffron, 2 fdrs.; mint water, sufficient to make a four-ounce mixture. Mix, and or a child under two years, give 3^ a tea-spoon every six hours; for a child between two and six years, 1 tea-spoon three times a day; and for a child between the ages of six and ten years, 1 dessert-spoon in water every eight hours. Take of phosphate of lime, 2 drs. ; phosphate of sodn, 2 drs. Mix, and divide into 12 powders. One to be taken, dissolved in a little water, tliree times a day, for a child between six and ten j^ears old; to all patients under six^ half oi each powder, dissolved in water or milk, is to be given two or three times a day. Care must be taken with female children affected with rickets, to Erevent, if possible, any malformation of the bones of the pelvis or ips, by keeping the child from running about, so as to ward off iany undue weight on the bones of that part, and in all cases anticipating any malformation as far as possible by rubbing the limb, and applyng splints to keep the bones from the action of the muscles. Children who are old enough to eat raw vegetable matters should be given an abundant supply of such articles as lettuce, endive, young onions, watercresses, raisins, grapes, apples, gooseberries, with a due proportion of animal food, with plenty of bread, rice, potatoes, and milk frequently in the course of each day. This, with change of air, salt-water bathing, and friction, will, if persevered in for a sufficient time, effect a perfect cure, by invigorating the constitution, and giving it back the salts oi which it has been previously deprived. NAVEL. — The center of the body in a full grown nine-months child, and, in the fetus, the opening through which the navel string passes from the liver of the child to the placenta or after-birth of the mother. The navel-string, umbilical cord, or funis, as this important part is differently called, is composed cf a series of vessels — an artery, vein, nerve, and lymphatic tube — all loosely twined, like the strands Appendix to Medical Department. 323 of a rope, round each other, and varying in length from one to two feet. It is through the medium of the navel-cord that arterial blood and nervous power from the mother is carried to nourish the fetus, and the venous blood and impurities brought from it. The cord is sometimes every inch or so doubled upon itself in the form of a series of knots; this is a provision to allow of greater extension, without incurring the risk of making the cord tense. With some children the navel-cord is remarkably short, and neither knotted nor twisted; when such is the case, it is certain to delay the labor very materially, and add considerably to the maternal pains, the shortness of the string preventing the head from descending freely, though the contractions of the uterus are stz-ong, and no other impediment existing. After the birth of the child, and the new cir- culation has been established in the infant, the navel-cord is tied about two inches from the body, and then divided; in the course of a week or fortnight the fragment left sloughs or drops off, leaving, when it has been properly atiended to, that closed but indented cavity know as the navel. PUBERTY. — The age of supposed virility in males, and of woman- hood in females. The word is derived from the name of a part of the body, and the first appearance of hair on the face. The exact age of puberty differs in different countries, and even in individuals, being earlier in warm climates than it is in cold ones. In this country, from 14 to 16 is the general age at which puberty commences in males, and from 12 to 14 in girls. It is a critical period with either sex, and care should be taken that at such an age no vices are contracted which may lay the seeds of after mischief. KINCrWOllM. — The head is to be washed twice a day with soft soap and warm soft water; when dried, the places to be rubbed with a piece of linen rag dipped in ammonia from gas tar; the patient should take a little sulphur and molasses, or some other gentle aperient, every morning; brushes and combs should be washed every day and the ammonia kept tightly corked. OINTMENT FOR SCURF IN THE HEADS OF OFANTS.— Lard 2 ozs. ; sulphuric acid, diluted, 2 drs. ; rub them together, and anoint the head once a day. SNUFFLES. — A troublesome complaint, to infants especially. The mucous membrane of the nose, through the taking of cold, being much swollen, the child is no longer able to breathe through its nose, as it was accustomed to do, but is compelled to breathe through the mouth. The difficult breathings are attended by a peculiar snuffling noise, which, in sleep, becomes a regular loud snore. It often inter- feres with its sucking at the breast; and as soon as it seizes the nipple a threatening suffocation compels it to desist. While this complaint lasts the child may be partially fed with the spoon; give it a very mild purgative; bathe its legs frequently in warm water. Rub the nose with tallow, and apply a slippery elm poultice mixed with cream. SQUINTING.— Squinting frequently arises from the unequal strength of the eyes, the weaker eye being turned away from the object, to avoid the fatigue of exertion. Cases of squinting of long standing have often been cured by covering the stronger eye, and thereby compelling the weaker one to exertion. SCRATCHES. — Trifling as scratches often seem, they ought never to he neglected, but should be covered and protected, and kept clean 334 Appendix to Medical Department. and dry, until they have completely healed. If there is the least appearance of inflammation, no time should be lost in applying a large bread and water poultice, or hot flannels repeatedly applied; or even leeches in good numbers may be put on, at some distance from each other. SCALD (SCALLED) HEAD.— An eruptive disease of the scalp; a scaly or scabbed head. In this disease the head is completely covered with scabs and sores, which usually break out in scrofulous children when the child is teething. The SYMPTOMS of this disgusting disease commence with large,soft patches, sliglitly flattened, with irregular margins, and slightly inflamed bases. Patches of the pustles, which are numerous, unite and form crusts or scabs, which in time constitute a dense continuous cov- ering over the entire head. A profuse acrid discharge soon after follows, most oftensive to the nostrils, in which vermin are quickly generated ; the hair is matted together with scabs, and the whole head filthy in the extreme. The TREATMENT cousists in first shaving the head, and washing the scalp with soap and water, applying every night a little of either of the following ointments, washing the head in the morning clean from all grease, lightly dusting the scalp with violet powder, and giving one of the powders prescribed below every morning. Ointments. — Take of spermaceti cerate, 1 oz. ; cresote, 40 drops. Mix. Take of citron ointment, 1 dr.; spermaceti cerate, 7 drs. Mix with a bone spatula. Powders. — Take of powdered rhubarb, 24 grs. ; grey powder, 15 grs. ; precipitated sulphate of antimony, 12 grs. Mix. Divide into twelve powders for a child from one to two j'^ears old; into nine powders for a child from two to three years; into six for a child from three to six years of age. One powder to be given every morning in each instance. From 10 to 20 grains of powdered sarsapa- rilla may also be given twice a da3^ Scaid Head. — This aftects the heads of children chiefly. The scabby eiu|)tions at the roots of the hair are very disagreeable. It is a very obstinate and infectious disease. First, cue off" all the hair, and wash the head night and morning with warm soap suds, and after- wards batlie with tinctui-e of blood-root. Then apply the brown ointment, once a day. Give the patient sulphur and cream-of-tartar in molasses, so as slightly to open the bowels. A poultice of dock roots is very useful. Scald Head. — Anoint it with Barbadoes tar. Or apply daily white wine vinegar. If wood soot is mixed with fresh butter into an ointment, and the head anointed with it every day, it will generally cure it at the begin- ning; but when it is become very bad, a plaster should be made of gall dried to the consistence of salve, and spread upon linen. This should be applied all over the parts affected, and continued on four or five days; then it should be taken off' and tlie head dressed with soot ointment as before. After tlie cure, give two or three gentle purges. If a proper regard was paid to cleanliness in the head and apparel of children, the scald head would be seldom seen. — Wesley, SCARLATINA, OR SCARLET FEVER.— It derives its name from the color of its eruptions. It is a disease of infancy, and seldom attacks adults, It never attacks the same person twice. It begins with chilliness and shiverings, langor, and depression of spirits, a dry skin, Appendix to Medical Department. 325 and pains in the head ; and soon the whole skin becomes covered with specks, or minute inflammations, larp^er and redder than those of the measles. In two or three days, they disappear, succeeded by scalings of the scarf skin, like bran dispersed over the body, which fall off and appear again two or three times successively. This disease is some- times of a more malignant type, tending towards putrefaction. It is attended with severe sore throat; the uvula, and all the back part of the throat are very red, painful and swollen, and the swallowing much impeded, or rendered nearly impossible. It is often attended with delirium, the spots become black; the disease becomes dangerous. Scarlatina is infectious. Treatment. — If the disease is of a mild character, little more is required than to observe a cold diet, and to avoid cold air, and cold drinks. If the body be costive, give an aperient. If the fever be high, give the saline mixture, which see. Take a small cupful at a time. Barley water, acidulated with tamarinds, or lemon-juice affords a good beverage. Give also the Sudoritic Powder. Emetics will be useful as soon as the disease begins. The emetic powder should not be neglect- ed. Bathe the feet in warm water, and give saffron tea. Drink balm tea frequently. Scarlet fever is caused by some morbitic matter taken into the cir- culation by the lungs; and the increased action in the system is a healthy eflbrt of nature to exi)el such morbitic matter. Nature there- fore must be assisted; or if iier efforts are too great, she must be restrained. It is not always necessary to give the emetic powder; but if there be soreness of the throat, and much phlegm, hindering the breathing, the powder will have a good eflect, abating the febrile symptoms, curing the disease, or rendering the attack light. Mr. Stei)hens asserts that he gave the following mixture in 400 cases, after they had assumed the most alarming appearance, the majority of which it cured; viz: Cayenne, a tablespoonful; common salt, Vy^ tea- spoonfuls. Beat into a paste, and pour upon it a pint of boiling water; to stand an hour; then add half a pint of good vinegar. A table- spoonful of the mixture every hour. Do not neglect to give an aperient that will cleanse the stomach and bowels. Castor oil, -and salts and senna, or senna and manna, are appropriate purgatives. It is very good to bathe the surface with warm soft water, to which has been added a little lye. Some have recommended ablutions of cold water; but they should not be adopted except where the heat of the skin is great, and where perspiration is absent. It often moderates the subsequent symptoms. But no dangerous reaction takes place from tepid as from cold water, nor will any danger whatever result from it, as it is a most valuable auxiliary, and the use of it cannot be too highly recommended. If the throat' be sore, and the swallowing difficult, foment it with the rheumatic liquid. Gargle, as in sore throat. The diaphoretic powder will have an anodyne influence, and should not be neglected. Should the disease assume the malignant type, give immediately the vapor bath of bitter decoction, and emetics, and doses of the cayenne and salt mixture, as just mentioned ; it may be made a little stronger. If putrid symptoms appear, give yeast mixed with honey and milk. Also gargle with it ; and apply yeast poultices to eruptions run into a sore. Let the room in which the patient is confined be well ventilated, and of a proper temperature ; but keep away cold air from him by all means. In the beginning of the disease, the diet should be light and easy 326 Appendix to Medical Deparbnent. of digestion. Diluents should be freely taken, as balm tea, barley gruel, etc., with a squeeze of lemon in them. If there is debility, let the food be nutritious, as beef tea, jellies, arrow-root, sago, rice milk, and a little wine. During recovery avoid exposure to cold; keep the skin clean by tepid ablutions, and occasionally bathe the feet in warm water at bed-time. Apply friction to the whole body as much as the patient can bear. Give the tonic bitters, also the composition Powder. Belladonna has been found to render persons unsusceptible of the fever, in places where it is raging. It is to be given in extract, — the twentieth part of a grain morning and evening. SCARLATINA AND MEASLES.— Dr. Witt states that sesquicar- bonate of ammonia is an antidote to scarlatina and measles. "The dose in these complaints varies from 3 to 10 grains, according to the age of the patient, given at longer or shorter intervals, according to the mildness or severity of the attack. The suitable dose dissolved in as small a quantity of cold water as will admit of its being swallowed with as many grains of loaf sugar, merely to make it palatable, is all that is required. Any admixture with other medicines, as salines, bark, etc., and all aciclulous drinks, are to be avoided. The prelimi- nary treatment is also simple ; from half a grain of calomel, for children, to five grains for adults, should be placed on the tongue and swallowed. About an hour after, the first dose of the ammonia is to be given, and repeated every three or four hours, as long as the disorder takes the favorable course. If the disorder increases in violence, the medicine must be given every two hours, or every hour, or sometimes even more frequently, till the graver symptoms are subdued. This medicine has been found to possess similar powers over diphtheria." THRUSH. — An affection peculiar to young children, during the period of teething. It is an affection of the mucous membrane of the mouth. It appears in small white ulcers upon the tongue, gums, and around the mouth. If not mild it may extend to the whole of the alimentaiy canal, from the mouth down to the anus, attended with flatulency, purgings, etc. In this severe form it often terminates fatall3\ Son\etimes the inside of the mouth becomes so raw and sore, as to make it painful to take nourishment. Elderly people, and persons with debilitated constitutions, are liable to this complaint. Attention should be paid to the state of the general system, especially to the stomach and bowels. An emetic is often of great service. Give also a gentle aperient. Small doses of magnesia, and the use of lime water will be of great service in removing tlie acid from the stomach and bowels. The neutralizing mixture diluted may be given till the bowels are acted upon. Make a decoction of sage and hyssop, add a little borax, and wash the aftected parts with it. Let it be sweetened. A solution of burnt alum has been recommended; or apply it pulverized. TON(xUE-TIED.— This is a term used when a child is unable to move its tongue in such a manner as to make a perfect vacuum of its mouth when grasping its mother's nipple. When the tongue has free motion, and with the lips grasps the nipple firmly, the vacuum made is complete, and the nipple being pulled out, the milk flows into the infant's mouth; when, however, the motion of the tongue is confined, the infant is unable to secure the organ for any time, the vacuum is imperfect, and only occasional driblets of milk are drawn from the breast; the child, in petulant irritation dropping the nipple and throwing back its head, expresses its disappointment in querulous Appendix to Medical Department. 327 cries. It is very seldom that this defect arises from muscular deficiency or natural malformation ; the cause, in nine out of ten cases, depending on the lining membrane, where it forms a fold under the tongue, and which, being attached almost to the tip of the organ, thus binds it down by tlie bridle, as it is called, or the fraenum, preventing all but tlie most limited motion. In such a case the treatment is very simple, and the cure instantaneous; it consists in merely passing the limb of a sharp-pointed pair of scissors through the thin skin below tlie tip of the tongue, as near the external margin as possible, and nipi)ing it apart. To do this simple operation safely and "properly the nurse should hold the child on her lap, and the surgeon, seated before her, should place the back of the infant's head between his knees, and, making the child cry, watch his opportunity to transfix the mucous membrane, and cut the mere thread of membrane ouUcards, and then place the child to the breast, its steady drawining of the nipple being the best evidence of the success of the operation. As the renal artery and vein are in close proximity, the operator must be careful that he doe^ not transfix or wound either. At the same time he must be careful not to credit every mother or nurse's assertion that a child is tongue-tied till he has satisfied himself bj' examination, and by putting his linger into its mouth, that the infant is unable to grasp with its tongue. TEETHING. — Young children, whilst cutting their first set of teeth, often sutler severe constitutional disturbance. At first there is restlessness and peevishness, with slight fever, but not unfrequently these are followed by convulsive fits, as they are commonl}^ called, wliich depend on the brain becoming irritated; and sometimes under this condition the child is either cut off suddenly, or the foundation of serious mischief to the brain is laid. The remedy, or rather the safe- guard against these frightful consequences, is trifiing and safe, and almost certain, and consists merel}'^ in lancing the gum covering the tooth which is making its way through. When teething is about it may be known by the spittle constantly drivelling from the mouth and wetting the frock. The child has its fingers often in its mouth, and bites liard any substance it can get hold of. If the gums be carcfidly looked at, the part where the tooth is pressing up is swollen and redder thnn usual; and if the finger be pressed on it the child shrinks and cries, showing that the gum is tender. When these symptoms occur, the gum should be lanced, and sometimes the tooth comes through the next day, if near the surface; but if not so far advanced the cut heals and a scar forms which is thought by some objectionable, as rendering the passage of the tooth more difiicult. This, however, is untrue, for the scar will give way much more easily than the uncut gum. If the tooth do not come through after two or three days, the lancing may be repeated; and this is more especially needed if the child be very fractious, and seems in much pain. Lancing the gums is further advantageous, because it empties the inllamed part of its blood, and so relieves the pain and inflammation. The relief children experience in the course of two or three hours from the operation is often very remarkable, as they almost immediately become lively and cheerful. Vac INATION. — Is artificially inducing in the human body the disease known as cow-pox, professionally called vaccina or vacciola, and is ettected by inserting a portion of the lymph or vims, taken in the first instance from a cow (in wiiich animal the disease arises spontane- ously), into some part of the patient's body, the object being to pre- serve the person so treated from the infection of small-pox. The value 328 Appendix to Medical Department, of this discovery (which enables the physician, by inducing a mild and beni<»;n disease into the system, to avert from the body a foul and pesti- lential one; or, should it arise, to rob it of its worst symptoms and nearly all its danger,) is now so universally known and recognized, that it is only necessarv for us to remind the reader that this great blessijig was conferred on humanity toward the end of the last century by Dr. Jenner. Vaccination was for a long time considered a perfect specific against small-pox, and the blood once influenced by the lymph of cow- pox would, it was supposed, ever afterward repel the disease of small- pox, how.ever the patient might be exposed to its infection. Experience, however, has proved this to Ibe a fallacy, and that persons, although twice vaccinated, may be attacked by tlie dreaded disease. It is, how- ever, satisfactory to know that after vaccination, small-pox, if it should occur, is always mild, seldom pits the skin, and is never dangerous. To insure the full benefit of vaccination, the patient should be in perfect health at the time, and the lymph used perfectly fresh; and, if convenient, taken from an arm at the time of using. A couple of superficial scratches should be made by a lancet in the arm, about half an inch apart; the surgeon should then load the point of his lancet with the fluid lymph, and insert it in each of the abrasions or scratches, exciting the vessels to absorb the lymph by slightly scraping the part with the point of the lancet, care being taken not to induce bleeding — a mere redness, excited by scraping away the scarf-skin, is all that is necessary. On the second day the vaccinated parts appear red, as if about to fester; on the fourth day the places have become defined spots; and by the end of the fifth day assume the appearance of vesicles, surrounded by a bright pink areola; about the eigth day the vesicles attain their maturity, being circular in form, and about an inch in diameter, with a flat top, and a slight depression in the center; about the ninth day a slight degree of fever takes place, but only lasts for a few hours (this febrile action is similar to the secondary fever of small-pox). The pustule should be opened upon the ninth day, and the lymph, if not required for immediate use, collected on small, square pieces of glass, or taken up on small slips of bone called points. A little magnesia and rhubarb, or an aperient powder, should be given when the pustule is opened, and if the arm is red and in- flamed, a warm poultice applied for a few hours will relieve it. In general it is the twenty-first day before the pustule completely desqua- mates and the areola disappears, leaving a small depression or pit on the skin, which usually remains for life. A vesicle generally appears above each place where the vaccine 15'^mph has been inserted, which from the third to the fifth days has a clear, pearly appearance, becom- ing opaque as the contents advance to maturity. The pustule should always be opened by the ninth day and before suppuration takes place. Some persons vaccinate on both arms, making two or three punctures on each; this is unnecessarj'', two places on one arm being sufficient, and these must be so far apart that there can be no fear of their run- ning together. In some constitutions the efficacy of the lymph lasts for life, in others the protective infiuence passes off in a few years; on this account it has been deemed necessary to repeat the vaccination at the age of puberty. To arrest the spread of that dreadful pest, small- pox, the Government has established many sanitary and legislative enactments. When vaccination is performed from dry lymph collected on the glasses or bone points, the virus must be made moist by a drop of warm water before using. ANODYNE FOMENTATION.— Take of white poppy-heads, 2 ozs. ; Appendix to Medical Department. 329 elder flowers, "% oz. ; water, 3 pts. Boil till one pint is evaporated, and strain out the liquor. This fomentation relieves acute pain. If the affected part is very painful, add forty drops of laudanum, and thirty drops of tincture of cayenne. ANODYNE PLASTER.— Melt an ounce of adhesive plaster, or diachlyon, and while cooling, add a drachm of powdered opium, and the same quantity of camphor, previously dissolved in a small quantity of olive oil. Spread this on leather. This soon relieves an acute local pain. ANODYNE POWDER.— Opium, yio7..\, camphor, 3drs.; valerian, 1 oz. ; cayenne pepper, 1 oz. Put the opium and camphor into a close bag; place it on the oven top to harden. Powder and mix. Take a quarter of a tea-spoonful at a time. Most valuable in colic, cramp and severe pains. ANTI-BILLIOUS PILLS.— Extract of colocynth, 2 drs. ; extract of jalap, 1 dr. ; almond soap, 13^ drs. ; guiacum, 3 drs. ; tartarized an- timony, 8 grs. ; oil of juniper, 4 or 5 drops; oil of carraway, 4 drops; oil of rosemary, 4 drops. Form into a mass with syrup of buckthorn, and divide into pills. ANTI-CHOLERA DROPS.— Tinctures of capsicum, opium, lobelia, essence of peppermint, of each, 1 oz. Mix. Take when needful, a tea-spoonful in a little cofiee. Most efficient in cholera, and affections of the bowels. ANTIMONIAL WINE.— This may be purchased at the druggists. As an emetic, the dose is from one to two table-spoonfuls. As a febrifuge, sudorific, or relaxant, from twenty to forty drops every three or four hours. As an emetic, ipecacuanha, and lobelia, stand very high, especially the latter. ANTI-SPA!SMdDIC TINCTURE.— Tincture of lobelia, 1 oz.; tincture of cayenne, 1 oz. ; compound tincture of lady's slipper, 3^ oz.; oil of anise-seed, 20 drops. Begin with a teaspoontul. This is an infallible remedy for spasms, fever, ague, and painful flatulence and colic. ANTI- SPASMODIC CLYSTER.— To half a pint of thin gruel, add half an ounce, or an ounce of the fetid tincture, and forty to sixty drops of laudanum. This is verj-- useful in spasmodic affections of the bowels, in convulsions, or in all hysteric complaints. ANTS. — A small quantity of green sage, placed where ants infest will cause them to disappear. Quicklime thrown on their nests, and then watered, will destroy them. Or, a strong solution of alum water. Or, gas tar; or lime from gas-works. Gas tar painted round a tree an inch or two broad, will prevent ants and other insects from climbing trees, and will preserve the fruit. APERIENT MIXTURE.— Senna leaves, 2 drs. ; infuse in a quarter of a pint of boiling water, for half an hour, and add epsom salts, half an ounce; compound tincture of senna, an ounce. Three table- spoonfuls to be taken every thi-ee hours. APERIENT ELECTUARY.— Senna, 1 oz. powdered; flour of sul- phur, 3^oz. ; ground ginger, 2 drs.; molasses, or honey, 4 ozs. Mix well. Dose.— About the'size of a nutmeg morning and night. If not strong enouo-h, add a small quantity of jalap. APERIENT FOR CHILDREN.— Infusion of senna, 1 oz; mint water, 1^ oz. ; calcined magnesia, 1 scr. ; manna, 3 drs. ; syrup of roses, 2 drs. ; (a solution of sugar will do). Mix and give in doses of one or two teaspoonf uls at a time. 230 Appendix to Medical Department, APERIENT FOR INFANTS.— Take of rhubarb, 5grs.; magnesia, 3 grains; white sugar, 1 sen; manna, 5 grs. ; Mix. Dose. — Varying from a piece half the size of u sweet-pea to a piece the size of an ordi- nary pea. APERIENT MIXTURE— Abernethy's.— Epsom salts, y^ oz.; in- fusion of senna, 6 drs. ; tincture of senna, 2 drs. ; spearmint water, 1 oz. ; distilled water, 2 ozs. ; best manna, 2 drs. Mix; and take three or four tablespoontuls every niorning, or every otlier morning. This is a valuable mixture. A decoction of Peruvian bark will render it a tonic aperient. APERIENT PILLS.— Compound rhubarb pill, 1 scr. ; extract of colyocynth, '% dr.; castile soap, 10 grs.; oil of juniper, 3 drops. Beat into a mass; make into ordinary sized pills. Take one at bed-time. ALTERATIYES.— Medicines adapted to cure a disease without producing any very sensible effect on the human system. Alterative PiHs. — Lobelia seeds, 2 drs.; mandrake, 2 drs.; blue flag, 2 drs.; blood root, 2 drs.; cayenne pepper, 1 dr.; gum guiacum, 2 drs. ; extract of dandelion, 6 drs. ; oil of peppermint, 3 or 4 drops ; simple syrup to foi m into pills. DOSe. — Two pills twice or thrice a day. These pills are of great service in bilious and liver complaints, diseased joints, boils, carbuncles, cutaneous eruptions, scrofula, sypliillis, etc. Alterative Syrup, — Tincture of cayenne, 3^ oz. ; tincture of lobelia, and tincture of myrih, of each, 2 ozs.; molasses, 3^ lb. Mix." a teaspoonful two or three times a day. Noted for its effectual cure of cutaneous sores; hods, indigestion, and some chronic complaints. BLOOD-ROOT— Sauguinaria Canadensis, — An American plant. It has great emetic and expectorant influence. It is tonic, narcotic, stimulant, emetic, according to the dose and form in which it is ad- ministered. In a large dose it produces nausea, etc. In small doses, it acts as a stimulant and tonic. Like digitalis, it calms the pulse. It is an invaluable remedy in diseases of the chtst, lungs, and liver. Dr. Beach says : '' In plethoric constitutions, when respiration is very diflicult, the cheeks and hands livid, the pulse full, soft, vibrating, and easily compressed, the blood-root has done more to obviate the symptoms and remove the disease than any other remedy used. It is most useful in bleeding at the lungs, influenza, whooping-cough, and croup. It should be given in quantity to cause vomiting." Thirty drops of tlie saturated alcoholic solution, taken three times a day, cured a bad case of rheunuitism in a gouty person. It is also a great beneflt in asthmatic aflections, scarlet fever, jaundice, and fe- male obstructions. In water of the chest (hydrothorax), dot-csof 50 or 60 drops should be given, until nausea follows each dose. It is excel- cellent in chest complaint*, and excessive expectoration. Externally, blood-root is a great healer of the worst sores, ulcers, ringworms, tumors, (and taken as snuff', of polypus); used as a pow- der, or as a wash. The roots are generally used ; but the leaves have similar virtues. It is given in the form of syrup, extract, infusion, decoction, and tincture. As an emetic it should be combined with lobelia. If infused in vinegar, its efiects, as a wash, are more powerful in sores, ulcers, tet- ters, and ringworms. Dr. Tuily asserts that in the sub-acute form of inflammation, which often precedes a rapid phthisis, or consumption, the cure may, in general, be trusted to sanguinaria (blood-root) and opium, after the previous use of aperients. In confirmed phthisis, it is of more value, Appendix to Medical Depart)nent. 331 he says, in combating and palliating symptoms, than any other rem- edy. Dr. Stevens, of Ceres, (1850), has seen the most marked benefit result from it in Ticemoptysis (spitting of blood). For this symptom it was employed by Dr. N. Smith, and others, with remarkable success, some years ago. As an expectorant in the first and second stages, its action is said to be certain to arrest the cough and freely emptj^ tiie bronchial tubes. In the second and third stages, it is a remedy of some importance, that can be relied on. I gave it in three cases of that condition of body, preceding the deposition of tubercle, although there was cough, short and feeble in- spiration, and a general phthisical aspect. In one, a girl of ten years, there was an hereditary predisposition, and many symptoms of phthisis in the tirst stage were present, but no physical signs of the disease. She had taken cod-liver oil and other remedies without benefit, and was extremely weak and emaciated. After attending to the secretions, I put her on the compound sanguinaria powder nightly, which per- mitted me subsequently to give her steel, and to resume the cod-liver oil. Her health improved; the cough diminished and disappeared; she gained strength and flesh, and was restored to perfect health. In a girl of ten years, with a sluggish liver, jaundice, cough, but no de- position of tubercle, the same good result ensued, although the time was longer. In the first .stage of phthisis, wherein actual deposition of tubercle was going on, with all the symptoms well marked, in which cod-liver oil alone was not agreeing, I have combined with it small doses of the compound sanguinaria powder twice a day, with relief to shortness of breath, and improvement of the general health; and all the improve- ment has been attributed by the patients to the sanguinaria. In the second stage, the tincture in moderate doses may be com- bined with other expectorants with great advantage, and will assist other remedies to cure; whilst, in the third, the relief alforded in a ready expectoration and complete emptying of the bronchial tubes is really marvelous. The expectoration becomes more easy, the breath- ing clearer, the spasmodic efforts at coughing less; and much improve- ment will result for a time in the last stage of this malady. Some bitter infusion may be combined with the sanguinaria with decided good effect in the dyspepsia, or loss of appetite sometimes present. I believe the sanguinaria in moderate doses will be found a remedy of much service in the pretubercular and first stages of phthisis, either alone or combined with other substances; and that as an expectorant, in the second and third, it cannot be surpassed. It materially helps to prolong life, even in very hopeless cases. Bronchitis. — In the chronic foi-m, it is in general use all over this country, as one of the most active expectorants. Dr. Leonard observes, that its acrimony renders it powerful in removing the tenacious phlegm, and which it is our object to get rid of. Dr. Wood, of Phila- delphia — a name honored in this country, and well known in Europe — recommends the tincture, among other remedies, as well adapted for this complaint, four to six times a day, kept jnst within the nauseating point. It is used extensively in the various hospitals in Canada, and is found truly valuable as a remedy. Its value in bronchitis I have known for some years, and have found it more serviceable than many other expectorants, and one that promotes the expulsion of mucus in such a manner as to afford very great relief, with a feeling of warmth and comfort to the patient. 3 j2 Appendix to Medical Department. Catarrh is much benefited by this remedy. Equal parts of the cincture and of paref^oric were found by Dr. Tully to atford most marked relief. It produces a warmth about tlie cliest, which the pa- tients find ao:reeable. It is much employed in cold iu the head, pro- moting- the discharge of mucus, and imparts a pleasing sense of warmth to the whole head. Dr. R. P. Stevens speaks highly of its virtues iu this affection, combined with cloves and camphor, and taken as snuff. As a gargle it is verj'^ efficacious. Asthma. — The paroxysms of asthma are much relieved by it. I gave it with advantage to a female aged 57, who had been asthmatic since the change of life in 1850, and who suffered from frequent diar- rhea and dyspnoea, or difficult breathing. It completely dispelled an asthmatic cough iu a female of 30, who had aborted a few weeks be- fore. A.mong other cases, was a girl of 13, with hereditary asthma, and symptoms of stone in the bladder. She passed her water in bed, was fretful and irritable, and the urine was loaded with lithates. She rapidly improved under a suitable pectoral mixture and the compound sanguinaria powders, and in a little while was restored to perfect health. Its efficacy in asthma is confirmed by other observers, and amongst them may be mentioned Dr. Eberle, who speaks well of it. It is most valuable in whooping-cough. It should be combined with camphorated tincture of opium. Croup. — Dr. Nathan Smith, and others, speak of it as a sovereign remedy in this disease. Dr. Bird recommends its use in the membrane- ous stage, as an emetic, in the form of decoction. It expels the false membrane, and pioduces a stimulating effect upon the mouth and fau- ces. Dr. Barton pronouu'^es it an excellent remedy in malignant sore throat, croup, and similar affections, in the form of an emetic and stimulating expectorant. Dr. Ives recommends it as highly useful in the first stage of croup, and must be given so as to produce vomiting. He observes, that many physicians have relied, for years, wholly upon it as a remedy for croup. Diphtheria. — Of the three forms of this disease, the simple, croupal, and malignant, it is in the two last that the sanguinaria will be found especially useful. In my own practice, I employ this sub- stance as an emetic iu the croupal form; it acts with energy, and pro- duces a thrilling effect upon the entire mucous membrane of the fau- ces and respiratory tract, with a feeling of warmth. It, alone, seems to impart vitality to the suffering throat, and I recommend it with the very greatest confidence. In the malignant form of diphtheria, besides the most active treat- ment, as hydrochloric acid to the throat, etc., a gargle, of a warm decoction of sanguinaria in vinegar, is invaluable. Scarlatina. — Dr. Tully has used the decoction as a gargle with benefit, and Dr. Stevens, of Ceres, derived great benefit from full emetic doses of the decoction in the maligniint form of scarlatina. It removes the morbid secretions of the mucous membrane of the stom- ach, oesophagus, and fauces, and tends to break up the morbific influ- ence of the disease. In an epidemic of scarlatina, with symjjtoms of the most ahirming character. Dr. R. G. Jennings, of Virginia, after the failure of almost everj^thing else, includuig nitrate of silver, found gargles of the infusion of sanguinaria in vinegar most efficacious. They effectually cleansed the throat of viscid secretion, and atlorded much comfort to the suffering patients, allaying all irritation. Rheumatism lias been treated by Professors Smith and Ives, in the acute form, with the tincture or decoction, given till its operation Appendix to Medical Department. 333 upon the skin and system generally becomes manifest. Very many other physicians spealv of its use in the chronic form. I have cured some cases of olironic rheumatism by the tincture and compound pow- der, In one, a female of 29, the subject of leucorrhea and rheumatism, all the pains disappeared in a fortnight, and even the leucoriheal dis- charge diminished. Hepatic or Liver Diseases. — In the Southern States, yellow fever, jaundice, inactivity of tlie liver, etc., from tlie nature of the climate, prevails, but the sanguinaria has been found by Dr. Macbride, of Charleston, of utility in torpor of the liver, with colic and yellowness of the skin. Jaundice he suhmitted to frequent trials of the medicine with advantage. Dr. A. D. Wilson cured a case of enlargement of the liver and spleen in a girl of 16, by the tincture and extract. The evi- dence of its value in jaundice, is favorable by a host of careful Amer- ican writers. Auienorrliea. — It is an emmenagogue of some importance and power. Indeed, its first known use among the native Indian women was for this purpose. If the patient is pletlxoric and of full habit, large doses are necessary ; and if combined with aloes, sliortly before the usual monthly period, it will scarcely or never fail to produce men- struation. Powder.— The usual dose of this as an emetic is from 10 to 20 grs. suspended in water. It is preferable sometimes to administer it as a pill, to avoid the irritation of tlie fauces. Dr. Leonard frequently combines it with ipecacuanha; the dose is from 1 to 5 grs., repeated according to the effect desired. Grain doses will produce a diaphoretic and expectorant effect; if given every one or two hours, it will then exert a sedative action, and reduce the frequency of the pulse. Compound Powder. — Powdered blood-root, 2 scrs. ; opium, pow- dered, 1 scr.; sulphate of potass, powdered, 7 scrs. Mix. Dose. — Prom 3 to 15 grains. It is probably the least irritating of all the preparations. The Powder of Sanguinaria with Camphor. — Take of sanguin- aria, powdered, 1 scr. ; powdered camphor, 8 grs ; powdered cloves, 32 grs. Mix. This is used in cold in the head, and proves very eflfica- cious. Infasion of Sanguinaria. — Sanguinaria, bruised, 5 drs. ; boiling water, 1 pt. Macerate for four hours, and strain. The emetic dose is from 3^ an oz. to t oz., at short intsrvals, till its effects are produced. Decoction of Sanguinaria. — Sanguinaria, bruised, 6 drs. ; distilled water, 13^ pts. Boil down to 1 pt., and strain. Dose same as the in- fusion. Extract of Sanguinaria. — This, and the powder, can be obtained of the medical botanists. The dose is from 1^ to % S^'' P^^ ^^^y. It is best to commence with a sixteenth, according to the strength of the patient. Tincture of Blood- Root. — This, also, can be bought. Will prove emetic in a dose of 2 to 4 drs. ; but is rather intendert to act as a stim- ulant to the stomach, expectorant, or alterative, for which purpose 20 to 60 drops may be given every two or three hours in acute cases, and three or four times a day in chronic. Blood-Root Syrup. — Bruised blood-root, 23^ ozs. ; lobelia, J^ oz. ; white sugar, 13^ ozs.; water, 13^ pts.; gently simmer half an hour, till it thickens ; when cool, add 1 tea-spoon of paregoric elixir. Take 1 table-spoon occasionally ; a child 1 tea-spoon, or less. This syrup is very valuable in chest complaints, bronchial affections, coughs, and difficult breathing. 334 Appendix to Medical Department. BLOODY FLUX.— Feed on rice, sago, and beef-tea. To «top it take a spoon of suet melted over a slow fire. Do not bleed. A person was cured in one day by feeding" on rice milk, and sit- ting a quarter of an hour in a shallow tub, having in it warm water, three inches deep. BLOTCHES.— Blotches or pimples on the face and neck are often the effect of some functional derangement of the liver or stomach. Lotions in that case, do more harm than good. If they proceed from a disordered liver, take the compound colocynth and blue pill, (which a druggist will supply,) night and morning, for two or three days; then purge otf with two or three doses of Epsom salts and senna. If they proceed from derangement of the stomach, take 15 grs. of car- bonate of soda, 6 grs. of rhubarb, and 2 grs, of ginger, or cayenne pepper, in water, twice a day, and a compound colocynth pill every other day. Last thing at night rub the blotches with tallow, and in the morning apply fullers' earth about half an hour, wash off with warm water and soap; and during the day, several times, with elder- flower water. Take also extract of sarsaparilla, to purify the blood. BRONCHIAL TROCHES.— Powdered extract of licorice, 4 ozs. ; sugar, 2 ozs. ; powdered cubebs, 1 oz. ; gum arable, % ^^- ? powdered hemlock, 1 dr. Mix. BROWN OINTMENT.— Extract of henbane, 1 dr. ; yellow wax, 3^ oz.; red precipitate, 2^ drs.; pure zinc, powdered, 134 ^^'^m fresh butter, 3 ozs. Melt and mix, and add 13^ drs. of camphor dissolved in olive oil. This ointment is good for ringworm, all cutaneous erup- tions, for ulcers, sore lips, itch, chronic ophthalmia, etc. BONESKT. — In this country it is a regular family medicine. It possesses emetic, expectorant, and sudorific properties. As a laxative it acts gently without irritating the bowels. In fevers it is very valu- able, relaxing the bowels and subduing the febrile symptoms. In rheumatism and influenza it has a good effect. The cold infusion is an excellent tonic. To produce a vomit, take 1 oz. of the powdered leaves, and infuse in 1 j^t. of hot water. Drink 1 cup every fifteen minutes until it takes effect. To promote perspiration, take small doses frequently. BLACKBERRY SYRUP— For Cholera and Summer Complaints. — Blackberry juice, Iqt. ; fine sugai-, 3^ lb. ; nutmegs, cinnamon, all- spice, of each, 34 oz.; cloves, 13^ drs.; cayenne pepper, 3^ dr. Pow- der them all, and gently boil them in the juice for about twenty min- utes. When cold, add % pt. of brandy. It relieves inward pains, cramp, and diarrhea. Blackberry Syrnp. — Make a syrup of 1 lb. of sugar, to each pint of water; boil until it is thick; add as many pints of the expressed juice of blackberries as there are pounds of sugar; put half a nutmeg grated to each quart of the syrup; boil fifteen or twenty minutes, then add half a gill of best French brandy for each quart of syrup; bottle it for use. A table-spoon for a child, or a wine-glass for an adult, is a dose. Blackberry Cordial. — To 1 gal. of blackberry juice put 4 lbs. of lump sugar. Boil and skim ofl". Then add 1 oz. of cloves, 1 oz. of cinnamon, 10 grated nutmegs; boil down till sufficiently rich. Let it cool and settle. Then drain oft* and add 1 pt. of brandy. Blackberry and Wine Cordial. — The following is recommended as a delightful beverage, and an infallible specific for diarrhea, or dis- eases of the bowels : To ^ bus. of blackberries, well mashed, add ^ lb. of allspice, 2 ozs. of cinnamon, 2 ozs. of cloves; pulverize well, Appendix to Medical Department, 335 mix, and boil slowly until clone; then strain the juice through flannel, and add to each pint of the juice 1 lb. of loaf sugar; boil again for some time, take it off, and, while cooling, add 3^ gal. of best Cognac brand5\ Dose. — For an adult, a wine-glass; for a child, a tea-spoon or more, according to age. BITTER TOMC— Gentian root, 1 oz.; the yellow rind of a fresh lemon; put into a jar or bottle with hot water; let it stand. A cup in the morning promotes appetite. BL£EDI>0. — This is sometimes necessary in certain accidents, such as concussion, and therefore it is w^ell to know how to do it. First of all, bind up the arm above the elbow with a piece of bandage or a handkerchief, pi-etty firmly, then place your finger over one of the veins at the bend of the arm, and feel if there is any pulsation; if there is, try another vein, and if it does not pulsate or beat, choose that one. Now rub the arm from the wrist toward the elbow, place the left thumb upon the vein, and hold the lancet as you would a pen, and nearly at right angles to the vein, taking care to prevent its going in too far, by keeping the thumb near to the point, and resting the hand upon the little finger. Now place the point of the lancet on the vein, push it suddenly inwards, depress the elbow, and raise the hand upward and outward, so as to cut obliquely across the vein. When suf- ficient blood is drawn off, which is known by feeling the pulse at the wrist, and near the thumb, bandage the aim. If the pulse feels like a piece of cord, more blood should be taken away; but if it is soft, and can be easily pressed, the bleeding should be stopped. When you bandage the arm, place a piece of lint over the opening made by the lancet, and pass a bandage lightly but firmly around the arm, so as to cross it over the bend of the elbow, in the form of a figure 8. DRY CUPPING. — This is performed by throwing a piece of paper dipped into spirit of wine, and ignited, into a wine-glass, and placing it over the part, such as the neck, temples, etc. It thus draws the flesh into the glass, and causes a determination of blood to the part, which is useful in headache, and many other complaints. This is an excel- lent method of extracting the poison from wounds made by adders, mad dogs, etc. Ordinary cupping is performed the same as dry cupping, with this exception, that the part is scarified or scratched with a lancet so as to cause the blood to flow; then the elnss is placed over it again, with the lighted paper in it, and when sufficient blood has been taken away, then the parts are sponged, and a piece of sticking plaster applied over then). BLACK SALTE, or HEALING SALVE.— Olive oil, 1 pt.; com- mon resin, % oz.; bees-wax, 1^ oz. ; Venice turpentine, 34 oz. Melt, raising the oil nearly to the boiling point. Then gradually add 2 or 3 ozs. of powdered red lead, while on the fire. Do not burn it. Boil slowly until it becomes a dark brown. Remove from the fire, aud add 1 dr. of powdered camphor, when it is nearly cold. This is a first-rate healing salve, superior to most. It is wonderful in burns, scalds, scrofulous, fistulous, and all other ulcers. Spread on linen, and renew daily. COUGH REMEDIES.— The following are the best recipes for coughs. Some of them are of rare excellence : To Allay a Tickling Cough.— Six table-spoons of molasses; the juice of half a lemon; simmer over the fire till well incorporated; take oft*, and add 1 table-spoon of paregoric, and about the size of a • horse-bean of refined nitre. Take 2 tea-spoons when the cough troubles. 336 Appendix to Medical Department. Take 4 ozs. of sugar candy, powdered ; % oz. of citric acid, or lemon juice. Mix by heat. Add a few drops of oil of anise-seed. If the cougli is not a dry one, add 20 drops of laudanum, or a dessert- spoon of paregoric. Take a tea-spoon at a time, when the cough is troublesome. Powder of tragacanth, 1 dr.; syrup of white poppies, 2 drs.; laudanum, 40 drops; water, 4 ozs. Siiake the powder iu the water till it is dissolved, then add the others. Dose. — A tea-spoon three times a day. Asthmatic Congh. — Take 2 good handfuls of colt's-foot leaves, 1 oz. of garlic, and 2 qts. of water. Boil down to 3 pts. Strain, and to the liquor add 8 ozs. of sugar. Boil gentlj'- for ten minutes. Take half a cup occasionally. Consumptive Cough. — The following is a most valuable recipe : Sanctuary, horehound, bayberry bark, 2 pennyworth of each; and of agrimony, raspberry leaves, cleavers, and ground ivy, 1 pennyworth; extract of licorice, 4 ozs.; and 3^ a tea-spoon of cayenne pepper. Gently simmer in 2 gals, of water for an hour. The following has cured most obstinate coughs : Take 1 pt. of milk, warm it, and when it comes to the boiling point, add as much made mustard as will turn it to a posset. Take away the curd, and into % pt of the posset put 1 oz. of brown sugar candy, to dissolve. Take the posset as hot as you can at night, when in bed, and renew it for three or four times. This has given relief in asthma. A Dry Cougli. — Dissolve % oz. of gum arable, % oz. of Spanish juice, and 2 table-spoons of molasses, in a little warm water; add 3 drs. of the syrup of squills, and 2 drs. of syrup of poppies. Cork and shake well. Take 1 tea-spoon when the cough is annoying; drink linseed tea, sweetened with sugar candy. Chew a little Peruvian bark, constantly swallowing the spittle. It seldom fails to cure a dry cough. — Wesley. Two or 3 table-spoons of linseed, a small bunch of horehound; boil to a jelly, and strain. Add 3^ lb. of sugar cand}^ 34 ^^- of honey, }4. lb. of loaf sugar. First boil the horehound in 1 qt, of water; then add the strained linseed and the other articles. Simmer for two hours. When cold, add of chlorodyne to the value of 25 cents. Bot- tle it and cork tight. A small quantity of spirits of wine or brandy, to keep it. When the cough is troublesome, take a table-spoon. This recipe is invaluable. Balsam of tolu, '^ oz. ; gum storax, }4. ^^-'i opium, 8 grs.; best honey, 2 ozs. ; spirits of wine, % P^- Digest for six days, and strain. If the cough is fast, add }^ oz. of ipecacuanha in powder. An old remedy is to dissolve 2 ozs. of mutton suet in 1 qt. of milk, and drink it warm. This relieves a violent cough. Beat well the yolk of an Q^g, put it in a mortar, and add % dr. of powdered spermaceti, a little fine sugar, and 1 table-spoon of paregoric elixir. Take a table-spoon when the cough is troublesome. Dr. James recommends a mixture of vinegar and molasses in equal quantities; a tea-spoon to be taken when required. Or, take }4 Pt- of vinegar, 3^ oz. of Spanish juice, 1 oz. each of sugar candy and spirits of wine. A table-spoon at a time. Take honey and molasses, of each 4 ozs.; best vinegar, 5 ozs. Mix, and slowly simmer them in a common pipkin for fifteen minutes. When the mixture is cold, add 1 dessert-spoon of paregoric elixir. Dose. — A table-spoon tliree or four limes a day. This is very useful in the coughs of children, as it has a very pleasant taste. Dose. — One or two tea-spoons. Appendix to Medical Department, 377 Or, peel and slice a large turnip, spread coarse sugar between the slices, and let it stand in a dish till all the juice drains down. Take a spoon of this when you cough. Or, take a spoon of syrup of horehound morning and evening. Or, take from 10 to 20 drops of elixir of vitriol, in a glass of water, two or three times a day. This is useful when the cough is attended with costiveness, or a relaxation of the stomach and lungs. For a tickling cough, drink water whitened with oatmeal four times a day. Or, keep a piece of barley-sugar or sugar-candy constantlv in the mouth. Congh Drops.— Gum guiacum, 2 drs.; camplior, 2 scrs.; castile soap, Iscr. ; laudanum, 40 drops; spirits of wine, 2 ozs.; balsam of Peru, 24 drops. Mix. Dose.— Ten or 15 drops three or four times a day. CoDgh Drops.— Linseed, 1^ cup; olive oil, y^ pt.; molasses or honey, % pt. ; spirits of turpentine, balsam of fir, % oz, each; extract of licorice, }^ oz. Mix, and simmer. Take from 10 to 20 drops two or three times a day. Cough Lozenges.— Best Spanish licorice, 1 oz. ; refined sugar, 2 ozs.; gum arabic, finely powdered, 2 drs.; and extract of opium, 1 scr. Well beat, or pouhd the whole together; then, with mucilage of gum tragacanth, make into small lozenges, to be dissolved in the mouth when the cough is troublesome. Cough Lozenges. — Laudanum, 1 oz. ; balsam of tolu, \% ozs.; licorice, 3)^ ozs. ; ipecacuanha powder, 2 ozs. ; oil of anise-seeds, 3^ oz. ; starch, 1 lb.; sugar, 3 lbs. ; mucilage to mix. Coiigh, For.— Lobelia, 2 ozs.; cayenne, 34 oz.; vinegar, 1 pt. ; sugar, 2 ozs. Boil the vinegar, and pour it hot upon the herb, etc., into a stone bottle; cork close for a few daj^s. Dose. — For a cough, half a tea-spoon, or a piece of loaf sugar moistened with it. Or, take of lobelia, 2 drs.; blood-root, 1 dr.; skunk cabbage, 1 dr.; pleurisy-root, 1 dr. Make into pills with molasses, honey, or balsam of Peru. Dose. — One or two, twice a day. Cough PHI. — Extract of henbane, ^ oz. ; ipecacuanha, }^ oz.; extract of balm of Gilead buds, 1^ oz. ; cayenne, 2 grs.; oil of mint, 3 drops. Form into pills. Take one or two wlien needful. In bron- chiti.«, catarrh, etc., these pills are invaluable for cough. Cough Plaster.— Castile soap, 1 oz ; lead plaster, 2 drs.; pow- dered sal-ammoniac,.J^ dr. Mix the soap and lead plaster together, and wlien the mass has cooled, add the sal-ammoniac, and 1 di-. of cayenne pepper. Cough, Plaster for.— Bees-wax, Burgundy pitch, and resin, of each, 1 oz; melt them together, and stir in % oz. of common turpen- tine, and % oz. of oil of mace. Spread it on leather, grate some nut- meg over, and apply quite warm to the pit of the stomach. Cough Syrup.— Hyssop and rue, of each, 1 oz.; horehound, 1 oz. ; acid tincture of lobelia, 3 ozs. ; essence of pennyroyal, 1 dr. ; essence of spearmint, 2 drs. Boil the hyssop, rue, and horehound till the strength is obtained ; strain, and add sugar and molasses. Boil to a syrup, and when nearly cold, add the tincture and essences. Cough Syrup.— Sage, 1 oz. ; johnswort, 1 oz.; Iceland moss, 2 ozs.; white poppy heads, 2 ozs. ; pearl barley, 2 table-spoons; water, 2 qts. Boil to 1 qt., and sweeten with sugar candy, adding a little lemon juice. If the cough is obstinate, add ^ oz. of ipecacuanha. If the patient is asthmatic, add 1 oz. of sulphuric ether. 15 338 Appendix to Medical Department. Cough Syriip. — Tincture of lobelia,! oz. ; Iceland moss, 2 ozs. ; white poppy capsules, bruised, 2 ozs.; pearl barley, 2 table-spoons; water, 2 qts. ; molasses, 2 ozs. Boil down to 3 pts., and strain. Dis- solve in it from 4 to 8 ozs. of sugar candy. It effectually allays a tickling cough. A table-spoon when the cough is troublesome. It does not constipate lilve laudanum and paregoric. Or, take lobelia herb, horehound, boneset, 1 oz. of each ; comfrey root, spikenard, St. John's wort, poppy capsules, ^ oz. of each. In- fuse in 3 pts. of boiling water for three hours. Strain, and add \ lb. of loaf sugar boiled to a syrup. Add a wine-glass of best rum. A table-spoon is a dose. This is a valuable recipe for cough, hoarse- ness, etc. CATHARTICS. — Medicines increasing the discharge from the bowels. CATHARTIC POWDER.— Best senna, ginger, camomile flowers, of each 1 oz. ; jalap, 3^ oz. Powder fine, and mix well. Take from a half to a tea-poon in warm water or tea. This is a valuable aperient; it is powerful, and yet mild; effectually cleanses the bowels, and pro- duces a healthy action in them, and also upon the liver. CATNIP — Is carminative, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. It pro- duces jjerspiration effectually, and is most useful in colds; throwing off fever, and restoring to health rapidly. It is good for nervous com- plaints, indigestion, wind, colic, and is very suitable for infants and children in belly-ache, flatulency, etc. Dose. — Infuse a small quantity in a pint of boiling water. It is a good fomenter in swellings. CAMOMILE. — The flowers possess antispasmodic, carminative, cordial, and diaphoretic effects. The infusion of the flowers greatly promotes digestion, and with the addition of a few drops of elixir of vitriol, has arrested the worst of fevers. A strong decoction proves an emetic, and greatly cleanses the stomach. CRANESBILL. — It is a fine plant. It strengthens the stomach and bowels, restraining all excessive evacuations, and preventing in- ternal mortification. In bowel complaints, and fluxes, it is of great use. A decoction of the root forms a valuable gargle in quinsy, sore mouth and throat. For bleeding wounds it is a sovereign styptic. The root bruised and saturated with cold water should be applied to the wound. Dose. — Powdered root, from twelve grains. Decoction, boil an ounce in a pint of water; a table-spoon. CHARCOAL MEDICINE.— It is much used in Mexico, and in South America, where few drugs are procurable, save those "simples" which the ingenuity and experience of tlie Indian Herbalists have de- vised. Freshly burnt charcoal, reduced to powderand given in water, is in great repute. It immediately removes ofl'ensive odors from intest- inal and renal discharges, and purifies the breath, it removes offensive exhalations from any part of the body, either given in water, or in the form of pills, made up in wheat flour, or gum mucilage. It removes pains about the right shoulder caused by obstructions of the liver. As an antiacid, either alone, or combined with rhubarb, and carbonate of soda, it speedily and permanently removes heartburn. Charcoal is a powerful antiseptic, removing, or checking decay, and must be very valuable in the incipient stages of consumption. CULVER'S ROOT. — This is a good purgative, tonic, diaphoretic, antiseptic, etc. Its operation is mild, without producing weakness or prostration, and is most effective in fevers, to remove black and morbid matter from the bowels. Good for indigestion, to purify the blood, and acts powerfully on the absorbent system. Valuable in dropsy. Dose. — One or two spoons in a small cup of water sweetened. Appendix to Medical Department. 339 COMPOSITION POWDER— Thompson's.— Take bayberiy, 8 ozs. ; ginger, 8 ozs. ; poplar bark, 4 ozs.; white oak bark, 4 ozs.; cayenne pepper, 3^ ozs-; cloves, 3^ oz. Powder and mix intimately. Dissolve a tea-spoon in a cup of boiling water, sweetened. Valuable to remove colds, influenza, fever, relax pain in the bowels, cold extremities. For promoting perspiration, and morbific matter, the cause of disease, it is invaluable. When taken, the patient should go to bed, and apply the hot brick, etc. THE COLD WATER CURE.— The cold water treatment is that which nature has placed in the power of all her creatures ; and without water taken inwardly and applied outwardly, there can be no health. Nature has no secrets in giving man life; she has implanted within him the knowledge of that which is to support and render pleasant the life. " I leave behind me," said a celebrated physician, on his death- bed, '■'■two great physicians^ diet and water.'''' Water is the great dissolvent in nature. If the primary ducts be obstructed, water dilutes, attenuates, divides, and scatters the impuri- ties contained in them ; and these are afterwards ejected by the stomach and intestines. If disease be settled in the blood, and the morbific matter deposited in the dififerent organs of the animal economy, nothing is so eff'ectual as water to dilute the thickened and blunt the acute ; to revivify that* which languishes, extinguish that which burns, and to open again all the passages by which injurious humors can escape. Cold water creates a sudorific process causijig perspiration, without wearying the organic system. It is supported by copious draughts of cold water, which quench the thirst, moisten and refresh the blood, replace the lost juices, and maintain the tone of the muscles. The drinking of cold water, and its application to the body by various processes, convey the morbid humors to the skin, whence they exude in eruptions, boils, and abscesses. These eruptions, constituting the crisis of the complaint, are the certain sign of a perfect cure. After the unwholesome juices are driven out and replaced by whole- some ones, then follow the restoration of the digestive powers, and the freeing of all the organs by the dissolving of all obstructions; the vital and animal functions are re-established in their former harmony ; and thus nothing then remains but health, a treasure which can only be preserved by continuing the system by which it has been obtained. Some will ask, Is the cold water treatment applicable to all de- scriptions of disease ? We answer, that its application must be of ad- vantage in the large number of acute and chronic diseases. There are cases, however, wherein some essential organ having become defective, art can do no more than prolong existence and alleviate suflering. Among such exceptions are consumption, organic diseases of the heart, of the lungs, of the large vessels, dropsy, etc. Yet all these cases, and others deemed incurable, by the moderate judicious use of some of the cold water applications, will insure relief and palliation of pain. Again will the cold water treatment produce a radical cure ? What is to be understood by the word radical ? If it means the final extir- pation from the system the cause of disease, and the relief of the patient from pain, then, the cure by the cold water method is radical! But if to be radical, a cure is sought which is to prevent a return of the dis- ease, in cases of parties exposing themselves to the same influences which originated the disease, then neither this nor any other means of treatment will produce such an eff"ect. As to danger from the cold water treatment there can be no active mode of treatment more innocent, with reference to its present or 340 Appendix to Medical Department. future effects, if applied with judgment; but if not, it may be followed by very dangerous consequences. The water used must be cold and fresh, and soft ; that is, it must have the quality of dissolving, and therefore must be cold, and without any mineral properties. To prove its fitness, linen cloth washed in it must become white, and vegetables dressed in it must be tender. The Sweating Process is the most disagreeable part of the treat- ment; but it is the most important, and the benefits derived from it compensate for the unpleasantness of its duration. The patient is enclosed, naked, in a large coarse blanket, the legs extended, and the arms kept close to the body; the blanket is then wound round it, as tight as possible, turning it well under at the feet; over this is placed, and well tucked in a small feather bed, sometimes two; and then a sheet and a counterpane are spread over all; thus the patient resembles a mummy. Sometimes, when perspiration is diffi- cult, the head, except the face, is covered. Perspiration begins in about 45 minutes, and then the irritation goes off: The patient should lie perspiring at least one hour. The windows in the room must be opened, and a glass of cold water given every half hour, to refresh the patient, and promote perspiration. If there is headache, a damp cloth may be wrapped round the head. This process does not weaken the patient; he loses neither weight nor strength, but improves in personal appearance, even under several processes. The necessary duration of the process may be known by profuse perspiration on the patient's face. The person should be washed well in warm or tepid water. The sweating process must be used with great care, and the constitution of the patient must he considered. M. Pries- snitz, of Silesia, practiced and recommended the cold bath immediately afterwards. " Strange as it may appear to many," says Dr. Graham, "I consider the determination towards the skin, induced by the per- spiring blankets, to be a great advantage, prior to the use of the cold bath; because the internal organs are thereby relieved, and the shock has quite a different effect on them from what it would have if they were not first soothed, and the skin relieved." By this process internal diseases are often brought to the surface, and pass away ; the nervous sj'stem is wonaerf ully strengthened ; and skin diseases are annihilated. The sweating contains morbid matter. M. Priessnitz justly remarks: " Covered and swaddled with clothes, in our darkness we do not see that if the corrupt and dirty matter from daily insensible perspira- tion, or from sensible sweating, is not.carefully cleared from the skin by washing, it must increase and attach itself to the skin, close the pores, and obstruct the excretion so indispensable to health, and must inevitabl}', from such evil tendency, at last produce disease. We relax and debilitate the skin, by dressing so warmly duriiig the day, and sleeping on feather beds at night, or by washing ourselves with warm water. The Cold Bath. — Do not bathe soon after walking. During the bathing immerse the head several times in cold water. Keep in motion during the time. Priessnitz advises his patients to avoid the second sensation of cold, which is a sort of fever, by leaving the bath before it is felt, that they may avoid a too powerful re-action provoked by a great subtraction of heat. Take a glass or two of water immediately after the bath. The Douche Bath is very efficacious in extracting the morbid humors from all the parts they have seized upon for years. In long ^ - Appendix to Medical Department, 341 continued complaints the douche is a most powerful remedial agent. It removes the weakness of the skin, and strengthens it. It renders the body hardy, and fortifies it to endure all changes of the air. It power- fully excites the muscular and nervous systems. Tlie Douche Bath is a stream of falling water as thick as the wrist, and permitted to fall on the diseased parts of the body, which it benefits and strengthens. The water should fall from 12 to 18 feet. The Eye Bath is a glass instrument made to fit the eye, so as to apply cold water, the eye being opened at the same time. The Finger Bath is used for Whitlows, etc. Place the finger in a glass of water, four times a day for a quarter of an hour each time; and the elbow in water twice a day, and put on a heatingband- age above the elbow, to draw the inflammation from the hand. The Foot Bath is used when the doctors would order warm baths. Thus headaches, toothaches, eye-inflammation, and a flow of blood to the head, are always relieved by the foot bath, with the addi- tion of wet bandages on the parts affected. But the foot-tub should not contain more than from two to four inches depth of water, just enough to cover the foot, not the ankles; for toothache an inch is enough, and the time from 15 to 30 minutes. For sprains the water must be up to the ankles. The water to be changed as soon as it feels warm. Afterwards apply friction, or walk out, to restore the warmth. Dr. Graham says, '*Ican recommend the foot-bath, with confidence, in determination of blood to the head, in headache, in atfections of the eyes, and in habitual coldness of the feet." The Head Bath is a vessel with a few inches of water for bath- ingthe back part of the head, to cure its rheumatic pains, common hea daches, rheumatic inflammation of the eyes, deafness, loss of appetite, delirium tremens, giddiness of the head, and to prevent apo- plesxy. It often causes bad morbific matter to exude from behind the ear. The Sitz or Sitting Bath is a small shallow tub 18 inches in diameter, with water 3 or 4 inches deep, in which the patient sits, with his feet on the ground, for 15 minutes or more, two or three times a day. It wonderfully strengthens the nerves, draws down humors from the head and chest, relieves flatulency, and has the most impor- tant results to those who lead a sedentary life. Use only 3 or 4 inches of water, as a larger quantity would remain cold, and perhaps cause congestion to the upper extremities; a wet bandage to the head will, however, prevent any congestion. Rub the abdomen as much as possible, while in the bath, with the wet hand. It is a most valuable hath. It is a remedy of great power in weak bowels, piles, congestion in the liver, chlorosis, and other female complaints; its value is little known. Cooling Bandages. — These are mostly used in inflammation, congestion of blood, headache, rheumatism, etc., and should always be accompanied by the sitz bath. Linen is iirst wetted in cold water, doubled in several folds, and placed on the parts aflfected; renew them as they get warm. Stimulating Bandages. — They are dipped in cold water, then well wrung out, then applied to the part affected so as to exclude the external air; to effect this, an outside bandage is placed over the first, which retains and throws back the moisture. Heat is thus generated, and has an exciting and dissolving i)roperty, which stimidates perspira- tion, and draws out the vicious humors. For throat and chest com- plaints, they are worn one round the neck, and one on the chest, at 342 Appendix to Medical Department, night; for weak and inflamed eyes, one is worn at the back of the head or neck at night; for weak digestion and cases of debility, one round llie waist, all day; and for gout and rheumatism, the legs are wrapped in them night and morning. The umschlag or stimulating bandage, is always used for wounds, bruises, and diseased parts, and for pain in any particular region of the body. Its alleviating power is most surprising. The bandage for the waist is a towel, three yards long, and one foot wide; of this, one-third is dry, and two-thirds wet. The wet part is placed on the belly, the dry covers it. It is made tight round the body. It is a cure for intestine congestion, for constipation of the bowels, relaxation, colic, and for gripes. It rallies the powers of the stomach, increases its heat, and by assisting digestion, enables the system to form better juices. Gout, rheumatism, enlargement of the bones, abscesses, chronic inflammation, cancers, caries, and syphilitic ulcers, demand the application of these bandages; for they relieve pain when all other remedies fail. The Wet Sheet. — All diseases of the skin, as ringworms, small pox, measles, and scarlet fever, may be cured by the wet sheet. Do not start at this, for it is consonant with reason. It soothes the patient, promotes the eruption, and in fevers it produces salutary perspiration. Spread a blanket on a bed, then on it a wtt sheet, well wrung out; wrap the patient close up in it, except his face; wind the blanket round the body, already cased in the sheet; then add plenty of blankets, tuck them well in, and the necessary perspiration will soon be generated. To stop fever, change the blanket every hour or half hour. "In des- perate cases," says a medical writer, "we have known this done fifty times in little more than 24 hours, and perseverance in this treatment ends infallibly in success." When the fever has abated, the patient is placed in a bath of tepid water (about 64° Fahrenheit,) for a quarter of an hour; during which time two persons must rub him briskly with the hand, water being taken up from the bath occasionally, and poured over his head and shoulders. The wet sheet, or bandage, is not unpleasant long; the patient gets warm almost directly; but we must not regard inconven- ience or unpleasantness for a cure. Are drugs, blisters, and leeches pleasant ? But the application of cold water, in any way, relieves the skin, excites it, and disencumbers it of obstructions which close the orifices of the pores, a reaction of the whole system ensues, a heat be- ing created on the surface, 40 or 50 degrees above the usual tempera- ture of the body. The body imbibes a portion of the water, which in conjunction with the heat newly caused, softens and dissolves the morbid humors, and assists in their exudation by the pores of the skin. Ablutions. — Where persons ai-e very weak, washing and rubbing the body must be done, in place of the bath or douche; and water may be poured over the heads of feverish patients, and rubbed on the shoulders and parts aftected. If the patient be too weak to allow of this rubbing, a wet sheet is thrown over him, on which the friction is applied. This is of great advantage in weak cases and young children. The ablutions are an essential, agreeable, and valuable portion of the cold water system. In trifling complaints, gout in its infancy, nervous irritability, or in weakness in the skin, ablutions, accompanied by drinking abundantly cold water are very often suflScient to establish health. Ablutions should be performed in the morning immediately on getting out of bed, before the body has become chilled, and the patient must afterwards take exercise in the open air. Fatigued per- Appendix to Medical Department 343 sons may try the wet sheet and rubbing-, and they will speedily find the benefit of it. To use the wet sheet as an ablution, the patient stands up, and the servant flings it over his head and body; rub the body well for five minutes, then talie off the wet sheet, and put on a dry one. ThFs is a certain relief for fatigue and over-exertion. Cold Water Drinking. — The best time both for drinking cold water and exercise is before breakfast. Then they both produce their 56^^ effects; but the only general rule prescribed by Priessnitz is to drink cold water as much, and at all times, as it can be done without inconvenience. Water may be drank after breakfast, but the stomach must not be over-charged. At dinner also a few glasses may be taken to moisten the food; after that the stomach must be left to itself; and after the lapse of a few hours, we may go on drinking cold water until supper time. It may be taken after supper, but not so as to disturb the rest. Exercise, which is in itself a part of the curative process, ex- cites the beneficial action of the water, and promotes the cure. The water should be fresh from the spring, and as cold as possible. Stoppers must be kept in the bottles and decanters which hold it, as the water then will preserve its coldness and freshness much longer. Advice. — Immediately on rising in the morning, rinse the mouth, and wash the teeth with cold water, then drink two or three glasses of spring water; after this, the whole body, especially the head, must be washed. If a thickness in the throat be felt, gargle well, and rub the outside of the throat three or four times a day, with a cold wet hand; keep the water in the mouth until it becomes warm, then repeat it. This method is recommended for clearing and strengthening the throat. Dandelion. — This very valuable plant is well known. It is diuretic, tonic, and aperient, and has a direct action in removing ob- structions of the liver, kidneys and other viscera. It is peculiarly valuable in all liver complaints, derangement of the digestive organs, and in dropsical aftections. Had not this plant been so common and so cheap, it would be prized like gold\ An infusion or decoction may be made of the roots and leaves. But the extract is the best, thus pre- pared; Take up the roots in September, clean them ; bruise in a mor- tar, and press out tlie juice; strain and put it upon a plate in a warm room to evaporate, and render it thick and solid. Dose. — From a scruple to a drachm three times a day. Dandelion has cured liver complaints when all other means have failed. " The more dandelion is used, the more certain proof will it afibrd of its utility." — Dr. J. Johnson. Dandelion Beer. — Dandelion root, % lb. to 1 gallon of water; boil well and when cooled, new milk warm, add 1 lb. sugar, 1 oz. gin- ger, a lemon, and 1 oz. cream of tartar. Add a little yeast. It is very good for the liver and digestion. Dandelion Coffee. — Good coffee, 3 parts; hard extract of dande- lion, 1 part; chickory, 1 part. Reduce them to a coarse powder, and mix, and grind them together. Good for the digestion and affections of the liver. DISCUTIENT OINTMENT.— Deadly night shade, bark of bitter- sweet root, Cicuta leaves, stramonium leaves, of each 3 ozs. ; lard 13^ lb. Bruise and simmer the roots in spirits; then add the lard, and simmer till the ingredients are crisp, and strain. A great disperser of scrofulous and glandulor swellings. DIURETICS. — Medicines increasing the secretion of the urine. Diuretic Decoction. — Queen of the meadow, wild carrot root seed, spearmint, milkweed^ dwarf elder, juniper-berries, of each, 2 ozs. 344 Appendix to Medical Department, Bruise, and boil a short time in two quarts of water, Very useful in gravel and dropsy. A cupful to be taken occasionally. Diuretic Drops.— Tincture of kino, % oz.; balsam of copaiba, spirits of turpentine, of each 1 oz. ; sweet spirits of nitre, 2 ozs. ; queen of tiie meadow, 1 oz. Mix, and add one scr. of camphor. Take nearly a teaspoonful in mucilage. Most valuable for scalding urine, inflam- mation of tlie kidneys, etc. Diuretic Infusion.— Parsley seed, '^ oz. ; cleavers, ^ oz. ; bur- dock seeds, ^ oz. ; coolwort, ^ oz. ; spearmint, 3^oz.; juniper berries, ^ oz, ; linseed, )^ oz, ; gum arable, 3>^ oz. Pour upon these two quarts of boiling water; infuse two or three hours, covering the vessel. Strain, and add 3^ pint of best gin, 4 ozs. of honey and 3 tablespoon- fuls of slippery elm. This is a most valuable diuretic; it is cooling and allays all urinary affections, gravel, scalding urine, and it causes an easy and sufficient flow of the same. Diuretic Fills. — Calcined magnesia, 1 dr.; solidified copaiba, 2 ozs.; extract of cubebs, 1 oz.; oilof turpentine, 4 drops; oil of juniper, 6 drops; form into 3 grain pills. Take one or two a few times a day. A sovereign remedy for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, uretha, gravel, whites, and venereal complaints. DOVER'S POWDERS. — Ipecacuanha, in powder, 1 dr.; powdered opium, 1 dr.; powdered saltpetre, 1 oz. All well mixed. Dose. — From 8 to 20 grains. DECOCTION OF SARSAFARILLA.— Take 4 ozs. of the root and slice it down, put the slices into 4 pints of water, and simmer for four hours. Take out the sarsaparilla, and beat it into a mash ; put it into the liquor again, and boil down to two pints, then strain and cool the liquor, Dose. — A wineglassful three times a day. Use. To purify the blood after a course of mercury ; or, indeed, whenever any taint is given to the constution, vitiating the blood, and producing eruptive affections. DIAPHORETIC POWDER.— Ipecacuanha powder, 2 grs. ; puri- fied opium, % gr. ; nitrate of potass, or saltpetre, 10 grs. Take at bed- time in a severe attack of influenza, or bronchitis, in gruel. Henbane is preferable to opium. DY.>FEPTIC PILL. — Colocynth, castile soap, gamboge, of each 2 ozs. ; socotrine aloes, 4 ozs. ; oil of cloves, 2 drs. : extract of gentian, 4 ozs. Mix and form into pills. Most valuable for indigestion, and cleansing the stomach, and giving it tone. EXTRACTS— To Make.— Take of the plant, root , or leaves you wish to make the extract from, any quantity, add suflScient water, and boil them gradually, then pour off" the water and add a second quantity repeat the process until all the virtue is extracted, then mix the several decoctions, and evaporate at as low a temperature as possible, to the consistence of an extract. Extracts are better made in a water-bath, and in close vessels, and for some very delicate articles, the evaporation may be carried on at a very low temperature, in a vacuum, by surround- ing the vessel with another containing sulphuric acid. Manufacturing druggists usually add to every seven pounds of extract, gum arable, 4 ozs. ; alcohol, 1 oz. ; olive oil, 1 oz. This mixture gives the extract a gloss, and keeps it soft. EMETIC MIXTURE.— Ipecacuanha wine, % oz. ; water, 1 oz. ; simple syrup, 3^ oz. Mix. For a child, 20 drops, or more, every quarter of an hour until vomiting ensues. An adult may take from half to one ounce. EMETIC POWDER.— Ipecacuanha and lobelia, of each 2 ozs. ; "Appendix to Medical Department. 345 blood-root, 1 oz. Powder, and mix well. Take half a teaspoonful every twenty minutes till it operates. EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.— See ''Anti-spasmodic Tincture," which is the same. FEMALE PILL.— Aloes and lobelia, of each 1 dr. ; black cohosh, gum myrrh, tansy, unicorn root, of each 1 oz. ; cayenne, 3^ oz. Mix, and form into pills with solution of gum. These pills remove female obstructions, and are good for head aches, lowness of spirits, nervous- ness, and sallowness of the skin. Or, aloes, red oxide of iron, white turpentine, of each 1 oz. Mix. Melt the turpentine, and strain; mix well; form into pills with mucilage. Take two or three per day. FEYER DRINKS.— The juice of the lemon, cream-of-tartar, 1 tea- spoonful; water, 1 pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. When the patient is thirsty, let him drink freely. FEBRIFUGES.— Medicines abating heat and fever. Febrifuge. — Take houseleek; place in a coarse cloth, and squeeze out the juice, and strain; to 1 lb. of which add 1 ftj. of loaf sugar; simmer a short time to form a syrup. Give a tablespoonful every two hours. In fevers this acts like magic, — in all kinds of fever. GREGORY'S POWDER.— A prescription of the celebrated Dr. James Gregory, of Edinburgh. The Doctor was in the habit of fre- quently using it himself, and prescribing it so largely for his patients, that in time every chemist's shop in Scotland prepared it for the use of the public. It is a very excellent stomachic, antacid, and carminative, and may be given with equal confidence to children as to adults. Gregory's powder is made by mixing intimately, in a wedgwood mortar, 1 oz, or part of powdered Jamaica ginger, 2 ozs. or parts of powdered rhubarb, and 6 ozs. or parts of calcined magnesia. The dose is from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, in a little plain or peppermint water, two or three times a day. GREEN OINTMENT. — One ounce each chickweed, tansy, worm- wood, horehound, hops, and a pinch of salt, finely powdered. Bruise, put into a kettle, cover over with Jard and some spirits of wine. Infuse a week or two, and then simmer a little over the fire. Add from 8 to 12 ozs. of Venice turpentine. This salve is very healing, applied to wounds, sores, and ulcers. It is useful in contusions, sprains, swelliiio^s, etc. HOUSELEEK. — An excellent plant, so called from growing most frequently on the roofs of cottages. It is used as a cooling application to sores, ulcers, etc. The juice mixed with cream is good for inflammation of the eyes, and erysipelas. Taken inwardly it is good for fevers, cooling them down wonderfully. IPirst give a purgative to cleanse the stomach and bowels; then bruise the houseleek; adding to the juice its weight in fine sugar to form a syrup. A tablespoonful every two hours. Drink balm or catnip tea. This receipt is worth gold. SENGREEN— Senipervivum Tectorum. — The common houseleek. This is one of the most popular of our native plants among the people and one which, from our experience, we can recommend especially as an external remedy to painful bruises and contusions, the fresh roots or stems being scraped and applied, with all their moisture, to the injury. In cases of dimness of sight, the juice of the plant dropped into the eye is said to effect remarkable benefit. It is, however, as an external application to ill-conditioned sores and ulcers, to abrasions, eruptions, such as shingles, and contused wounds, that we regard sen- green as a most valuable remedy. 34^ Appendix to Medical Department. LIME LINIMENT. — Linseed or common ollt^e oil and lime-water, equal parts, to be well shaken before usino:, is good for scrofulous or other sores, and still more for burns or scalds. LI.WE WATER. — Put unslacked lime into a tub; cover it with pure water; stir often for one day; then strain off the water, and keep for use. It is an anti-acid tonic, kills worms, and frees the bowels from slimy and morbific matter. It promotes digestion; it is valuable in looseness, scrofula, diabetes, and whites. Mixed with a decoction of Peruvian bark, it wonderfully strengthens the debilitated, and those threatened with atrophy. LOBELIA. — An American plant, containing most valuable medical properties. It was first used with great advantage, as an emetic, by the American Indians, and was brought into notoriety by Dr. Samuel Thompson. It is emetic and stimulating, and Dr. Beech says, "from its action on the great sympathetic nerve, its effect is felt throughout the whole system. It exerts a peculiar action upon the trachea and bronchial vessels, expelling all collected mucus." It must therefore be very valuable in asthma, croup, whooping cough, consumption. The greatest benefit from it has been found in dj^spepia, coughs, asthma, liver complaints, etc.. It has relieved asthmatic subjects when on the point of suffocation by accumulated phlegm, cough, etc. Also in pneumonia of infants. It is a valuable sudorific; it relaxes the constricted pores of the skin, and promotes free perspiration. The leaves, seeds, and seed- vessels may be given in powder, and tincture. Dose of the powder, from a drachm, or a small teaspoonful; of the tincture, a teaspoonful. LOGWOOD — An Antiseptic. — Dr. Desmartis, in a paper to the Academy of Sciences, announces that Campeachy Logwood (Hoema- toxylum Campeachianum) possesses the same valuable quality, and m a rnuch higher degree, than coal, tar, and plaster, or creasote, which have hitherto been esteemed as the best antiseptics. The fact was discovered by accident. Dr. Desmartis had se>'eral cancerous patients under his care, all presenting large ulcei'ous sores, emitting a most nauseous smell. An astringent being considered expedient, a poma- tum composed of equal parts of extract of logwood and hog's lard, was applied to those sores, whereupon, to the Doctor's surprise, the fetor dis- appeared completely, and the emission of pus was considerably atten- uated. To complete the evidence, he suspended the use of the poma- tum for a few hours onlj% when the offensive emanations immediately recommenced, and the purulent secretion became again abundant. Logwood causes gangrene to disappear as if by enchantment, especially that of hospitals. He has also found it efficacious in preventing or stopping erysipelas, which often occurs after amputation, or the inflic- tion of other wounds, and is a source of constant anxiety to the sur- geon. It entirely removes the putridity of ulcerous cancers, emitting characteristic effluvia, and in short, of the most fetid sores. This sub- stance also possesses the advantage of being capable of mixture with hoeraostatic medicines, (designed to arrest spitting of blood, etc.,) such as ergotine, perchloride of iron, persulphate of iron, etc.; it may also be used as powder and a lotion. The extract of logwood, which is much used in dyeing and is very cheap, is only soluble in warm water. See *' Robinson's Herbal." HERBS. — They make the best medicines and the completest cures. Herbs— For Dyspepsia or Indigestion.— Camomile, agrimony, betony, thistle (blessed), carraway seed, sweet flag, fennel, garlic, Appendix to Medical Department 347 horehound, hyssop, lavender, masterwort (the root), mint, mustard seed, penney royal, horse radish, rue, wormwood. Decoctions of the above are made by pouring boiling v/ater on them. A little should be taken in the morning fasting. For Purging the Bowels. — Class 1. The powerful are the follow- ing: common dock, hellebore, (white), in doses not exceeding four grains: black hellebore, from two to live grains; marshmallow leaf decoction, and mountain flax. Class 2. More moderate; buckthorn berry, broom, and dandelion. For Worms. — Bear's-foot, cowhage, camomile, garlic, fern root, savin, and wormwood. Astringents. — Those which serve to correct excessive discharges. Logwood, red roses, sage, and torraentil root. CarminatiTes. — Those herbs which allay pain, or dispel wind from the stomach; anise-seed, caraway seed, peppermint, spearmint, ginger, and dill root. Demulcents. — Those herbs which soften, or which lessen acrimony, or the effects of stimulus on the solids; as, colt's-foot, liver-wort, mal- lows, liquorice root, comfrey etc. Diaphoretics. — Those ' which promote perspiration ; burdock, centaur}', bay tree, betony, balm, germander, lovage, and rue. Tonics. — Those which give strength and vigor to the body ; bistort, balm, bog-bean, camomile, centaury (lesser), logwood, gentian, southernwood, tansy, tormentil, valerian, and wormwood. To Heal Ulcers. — Adder's tongue, agrimony, archangel, arse- smart, cuckoo pint, blue bottle, burdock, bryony, soapwort, celandine, centuary, chickweed, cinquefoil, comfrey root, mugvvort, cudweed, dog grass, water dock, tigwort, flax-weed, foxglove, glasswort, ground ivy, ground pine, tormentil, tansj'', bugle, scurvy grass, and night- shade. Either made into ointments, with hog's-lard, or washes made of them, and daily applied to the parts. To Purify the Blood. — Agrimony, borage, burdock (sea,) chick- weed, chervil, fennel, fir tree, fumitory, garden cresses, wild water cresses, ground pine, hops, maiden hair, sorrel and tansy. Made into decoctions with hot water, and taken every morning. OINTMENT — For Eruptions. — Simmer ox-marrow over the fire, add a little salt, and a teaspoonful of bandy. Strain. When cold rub the part affijcted. PENNYROYAL. — This plant is perennial. It flowers in August and September. It is warm, pungent, aromatic, stimulating, and diaphoretic; like spearmint, but not so agreeable. It contains a volatile oil which is obtained by distillation. The infusion is warming to the stomach, and allays sickness. It relieves spasms, hysterics, flatulency, and colic, and promotes expectoration in dry consumptive coughs. It promotes perspiration, and is most valuable in obstruction of the menses. Pennyroyal water. — Pennyroyal leaves, dry, 13^ lbs.; water, from 1)4, to 2 gallons. Draw off by distillation, one gallon. It is a specific remedy for female obstructions. It is good for gout, rubbing the parts with it till they are red; and if salt be added, it is good for the side in liver complaints. It is very warming to the stomach, produces perspiration, and therefore is good for coughs, asthma, etc. An infusion of the herb in hot water is nearly as good. PULMONARY BALSAM;— Horehound, (plant) comfrey-root, blood-root, elecampane-root, wild cherry bark, spikenard-root, penny- 348 Appendix to Medical Department. royal, (plant) of each, 4 ozs. Pour 3 quarts of boiling water upon them ; infuse for 3 hours; then heat the water again ; and pour it upon the plants to infuse 5 or G hours. Sweeten with sugar candy. It is very serviceable in diseases of the lungs, chronic coughs; it removes con- striction of the chest, by promoting expectoration. Take half a small tea-cupful three or four times a day. PULMONARY COMPLAINTS.— It is said that the tender shoots of Scotch fir, peeled and eaten fasting early in the morning in the woods, when the weather is dry, has performed many cures of pulmonary complaints among the Highlanders in Scotland, PULMONARY SYRUP.— Blood-root, boneset, slippery elm bark, coltsfoot, elecampane, of each, 2 ozs. ; white root, spikenard root, of each, 4 ozs.; comfrey-root, poplar bark, of each, 1 oz. ; lobelia, hore- hound, snake-root of each, Y^ oz. Pour upon them 2 quarts of boil- ing water; stir well; add 1 lb. of molasses, and when cool, 1 quart of Hollands gin. It is one of the best remedies for asthma, coughs, hoarseness, etc. A tablespoonful every hour; or a wine-glassful three times a day. INHALATION.— The process of drawing into the lungs the fumes and aroma of certain drugs and fluids, from" an apparatus contrived for the purpose. The substances gen- erally used for this purpose are vinegar, camphor, benzoin, ether, and chloroform, the two latter be- ing used as ancBsihetic agents, to blunt the sense of pain or produce insensibility, and are inhaled by an apparatus specially adapted for the purpose; the others are gene- rally thrown into boiling water, and the watery fumes, charged with the medicament employed, are inhaled through a tube. Great relief is often found ^ in congestive asthma from inhalation of steam or smoke; for this pur- pose an inhaler, such as the one represented in the accompanying cut, should be half filled with boil- ing water mixed with about a dessert spoonful of strong ascetic acid or half a drachm of sulphuric ether or a few drops of creosote, which be- ing poured on the hot water, and ..„ „, „ ^ the lid firmlysecured, the patient is to adjust the mouthpiece to his lips, and slowly inhale the impi-egnated vapor that rises through the tube, retaining the steam as long as convenient in the mouth. Whichever article is used for the inhalation, the quantity employed should be steadily increased, and the operation always commenced with a small dose. Inhalation of the steam of plain warm water, sage or balm tea, or a decoction of camomiles, and poppy-heads, poured into the in- haler, will often a fiord very great relief,' and more particularly when used alternately with any of the above articles— acetic acid, ether, etc. POULTICES.— These external aids to the surgeon form a series of most valuable agents, not only in the treatment of local disease and injuries, but as grateful emollients and sedatives, often of the greatest Appendix to Medical Department. 349 benefit and comfort to the patient. Poultices are of five kinds, — the simple warm emollient, the sedative, the stimulating, the blistering, and the corrective or antiseptic poultice. Warm Emollient Poultices.— The great object desired in all the poultices belonging to this class is warmth, steadily and evenly applied; and as there is really no virtue in any article used for the purpose, that substance or material makes the best poultice which will maintain, for the longest period, heat on the part; the sovereign quality of all these poultices residing solely in the warmth applied. Of all articles suited for an emollient poultice, the spongio-piline is the best. This material, made of shreds of sponge and felt woven together on a ground of Indian rubber, can be procured in pieces of any length or size, and merely requires its pile or loose surface to be soaked in hot water, squeezed to discharge the excess of moisture, and applied face down- ward on the part, the impervious nature of the upper surface prevent- ing the escape of the heat by evaporation. A piece of oiled skin applied over all will still further secure the heat. Evaporation may be entirely prevented by previously cutting the pile away from the edges in such a manner, that, when secured, the India rubber coating shall overlap and shut in the part covered. Bread and Water. — This kind of poultice is too often made in a manner at variance with all the known laws of evaporation, either by pouring hot water on crumbs of bread, or on pieces of bread, and then breaking them down with a spoon or a fork. The proper method of making such a poultice is to cut a slice of bread from a loaf, about half an inch thick, remove all the crust and hard edges without crack- ing the crumb, which, with a sharp knife, should be squared to the size required. The piece is next to be placed in the middle of a slip of muslin laid in a soup plate, then carefully covered with hot water, the rest of the muslin laid over the top, and another plate placed over all to keep in the heat for the space of two or three minutes, till every part of the bread has become charged or swollen by the water, which is to be poured ofi" by taking up the two plates together, when a small amount of pressure will expel the excess of water without breaking the poultice, which is then to be carefully lifted by the ends of the muslin which encloses it, and laid on the part, a piece of oiled skin and a bandage being added to keep in the heat and secure it in its place. Linseed Meal. — This substance, from the quantity of gum and oil it contains, makes an excellently soft and agreeable poultice, the for- mer serving to retaiu the heat a long time, and the latter to keep the surface soft. As much meal as is requisite is to be put in a basin, a hole made in the centre with a spoon, and as much hot water as may be deemed necessary poured at once into it ; the whole is then to be quickly and carefully stirred till a smooth and intimately mixed mass of the consistency of porridge is obtained. Should too little water be used, the mass will be hard and lumpy, and cause much delay and trouble in the amalgamation of the water subsequently added, whereas if the quantity is rightly guessed at first, the poultice will be of one uniform consistency. It is then to be spread about an inch thick on linen or flannel, its surface greased with a little lard, and laid on the part. Flour and Oatmeal Ponltices are made in the same way, only they require to be more largely greased than the linseed meal, to prevent their sticking to the skin when removed. N. B. — In making all these poultices the water should be nearly 35© Appendix to Medical Department. boiling, to allow for the loss of the heat during the time of their prej)- aration, so that when applied they may be as warm as the patient can bear them without inconvenience. Tlie objects for which all the above forma of poultice are em- ployed are, tirst, to soften and relax the cuticle ; secondly, by the warmth to soothe the part and afford ease; and thirdly, by the contin- ued heat to mature abscesses, or what is popularly known as drawing an abscess to a head, heat having the property of facilitating the change of the etfused blood into pus, when it is desirable to effect that change. Sedative Poultices. — The object for which poultices of this class are chiefly used is to subdue pain of a local character, as in sprains, bruises, contusions, or accidents generally. Poultices of this nature are usually made by preparing a strong decoction of camomile flowers, or camomiles and poppy-heads, and then filling a small bag with cam- omile flowers, and after soaliing it in the hot decoction, applying it to the joint or part affected, and repeating the application as soon as it has become cold ; or a thick slice of bread may be enclosed in a bag, and immersed in the same manner in the hot decoction; or crumbs of bread, linseed meal, or oatmeal, may be used in the same way, by first making them into a paste. The first plan, however, is the simplest and the cleanest mode of using this kind of poultice. Hemlock and monkshood are also occasionally used for the same purpose, the herbs being first boiled in water, and the hot liquor absorbed by bread or linseed meal as above, and applied either in a bag or between folds of linen. An opium poultice may be employed in the same way, by pre- viously dissolving the solid opium in boiling water. Stimulating Poultices — Are employed in cases of rheumatism, paralysis, lumbago, and chronic affections of the joints, their object being to excite a healthier action in the part, and, by a species of mild counter irritation, produce a beneficial change. Sometimes they are used to rouse a patient in a case of lethargy, and draw the blood from some internal organ. Stimulating poultices are usually made with a mixture of mustard and flour, in proportions according to the stimu- lating effect desired; thus, one table-spoon of mustard with three of flour, mixed together before being wetted with hot or cold water, or else one spoon of mustard to two of flour, or equal parts, which is the strongest form in which this kind of poultice is used. Sometimes, to add to the stimulating properties of this poultice, a strong infusion of horseradish is employed instead of water for the purpose of mixing the mustard and flour into a paste. These poultices should be spread on a flannel, and where the skin is very sensitive, a piece of thin mus- lin may be interposed between the poultice and the cuticle. The time that a mustard poultice should be retained must depend upon the strength of the poultice itself, and the object for which it is employed; from ten to forty minutes, however, may be regarded as the extreme points of duration. Cari-ots are occasionally used as stimulating poul- tices to ulcerating surfaces, but their efficacy is very questionable. Blistering Poultices. — Mustard is the only article employed for this purpose, and then the mustard is used simply with water, and without flour; it should be made thick, spread on flannel, have its sur- face covered with fine muslin, and then applied to the skin. Some medical men mix euphorbium powder with the mustard, to increase its blistering properties, but this addition is seldom required. A mustard plaster generally requires about fifteen minutes to rise, and should be removed directly the vesication takes place ; the blister is then cut, Appendix to Medical Department, 3^1 and dressed first with a warm poultice, and lastly with violet powder. Corrective Poultices. — The purpose for which this class of poul- tices is employed, is to destroy the fetid odor of foul ulcers, ill-condi- tioned sores, and to change the character of the granulations, or of the discharge which exudes from them. The articles chiefly used for this end are yeast, charcoal, chloride of lime, and alum. Yeast Poultice. — This may be made in several ways. First, by mixing one or two table-spoons of yeast with the same amount of flour, and then adding enough hot water to make the whole into a smooth paste, which is to be spread on flannel, and laid on the ulcer or sore. Secondly, by mixing four table-spoons of linseed meal with two of yeast, and the same quantity of boiling water, or enough to make a smooth paste, to be applied on flannel. Thirdly, take a thick slice of bread without crust, soften it with boiling water, and then cover the top with fresh yeast, and apply the yeast side to the ulcer ; or the yeast may be applied on piliue, first made warm and soft by hot water. Charcoal Poultices. — These are made by mixing charcoal and flour and linseed meal, in nearly equal quantities, in a basin, adding hot water, and stirring till a smooth paste is made, which is to be ap- plied, like the others, on flannel. Chloride of Lime — May be made in the same way, or by mixing the meal with the solution. Alum Poultices — Are only used as an astringent in certain chronic inflammations of the eye. This poultice is made by mixing the white of two or more eggs witli a drachm of finely-powdered alum; put the mixture between a fold of muslin, and apply it to the eye. Cold Bread and Water Poultices — Are sometimes employed, and when such are necessary, they are made in the same way as the hot bread poultice, only substituting cold water; and when cold astringent poultices are required, all that is necessary is to soak the bread in a solution of alum, and apply it cold as often as the poultice becomes warm from contact witii the flesh. Poultice. — Take 4 ozs. of crumbs of bread, a pinch of elder flow- ers, and camomile; boil them in equal quantities of vinegar and water. Or, take linseed flour, and the dregs of ale or porter barrels, slightly boiled. It always keeps soft from the oiliness of the linseed, and the yeasty deposit of the malt liquor is both cooling and sweetening. Poultices are designed to soften and relax any swelling, and allay pain and inflammation, to ripen tumors or swellings, and to cleanse inflamed and gangrenous sores, ulcers, etc. Always remove a poultice when it becomes dry; the place must be well washed in warm lye water, and a fresh poultice applied. The best poultice for every purpose is the slippery elm hark ; it may be made with warm milk and water, or with soap-lye. If tincture of myrrh be added, it is valuable in boils, ulcers, carbuncles, etc. Poultice for a Fester. — Boil bread in lees of strong beer; apply the poultice in the general manner. This has saved many a limb from amputation. How to Make a Mustard Plaster. — How many people are there who really know how to make a mustard plaster? Not one in a hun- dred, at most, perhaps, and yet mustard plasters are used in every family, and physicians prescribe their application, never telling any- body how to make them, for the simple reason that doctors themselves do not know, as a rule. The ordinary way is to mix the mustard with water, tempering it with a little flour, but such a plaster as that makes it simply abominable. Before it has half done its work it begins to 352 Appendix to Medical Department, blister the patient, and leaves him finally with a painful, flayed spot, after having produced far less effect in a beneficial way than was in- tended. Now a mustard plaster should never make a blister at all. If a blister is wanted, there are other plasters far better than mustard for the purpose. When you make a mustard plaster, then, use no water whatever, but mix the mustard with the white of an egg-, and the result will be a plaster which will "draw" perfectly, but will not produce a blister even upon the skin of an infant, no matter how long it is allowed to remain upon the part. For this we have the word of an old and eminent physician, as well as our own experience. Poultices — Are usually made of linseed meal, oatmeal, or bread, either combined with water or other fluids ; sometimes they are made of carrots, charcoal, potatoes, yeast, and linseed meal, mustard, etc., but the best and most economical kind of poultice is a fabric made of sponge and wool felted together, and backed by Indian rubber. It is called "Markwick's Patent Spongio-Piline." The method of using this poultice is as follows : A piece of the material of the required form and size is cut off, and the edges are pared or beveled off with a pair of scissors, so that the caoutchouc may come in contact with the surrounding skin, in order to prevent evaporation of the fluid used; for, as it only forms the vehicle, we can employ the various poultices generally used with much less expenditure of time and money, and increased cleanliness. For example: a mnegar poultice is made by moistening the fabric with distilled vinegar ; an alum pooltice, by using a strong solution of alum ; a charcoal poultice, by sprinkling powdered charcoal on the moistened surface of the material; a yeast poultice, by using warmed yeast, and moistening the fabric with hot water, which is to be well squeezed out previous to the absorption of the yeast; a beer poultice, by employing warm porter-dregs or strong beer as the fluid; and a mrroi poultice, by using the expressed and evap- orated liquor of boiled carrots. The material costs about one farthing a square inch, and may be obtained of the chemist. As a fomentation it is most invaluable, and by moistening the material with compound camphor liniment or hartshorn, it acts the same as a mustard poul- tice. Full directions will, no doubt, be supplied to those who pur- chase the material, if inquired for. POWDER, Aperient.— Take of the best Turkey rhubarb, cinna- mon, and fine sugar, 2 drs. of each. Let the ingredients be pounded, and afterwards mixed well together. When flatulence is accompanied with costiveness, a tea-spoon of this powder may be taken once or twice a day, according to circum- stances. Powder, Carminative. — Take of coriander seeds, ^ oz. ; ginger, 1 dr.; nutmegs, 3^ dr. ; fine sugar, \)4 ^^s. ; reduce them into powder for 12 doses. This powder is employed for expelling flatulency, arising from indigestion. It may be given in small quantities to children, in their food, when troubled with gripes. Powder, Saline Laxative. — Take of soluble tartar, and cream- of -tartar, 1 dr. of each ; purified nitre, 3^ dr. Make them into a pow- der. In fevers and other inflammatory disorders, where it is necessary to keep the body gently open, one of these cooling laxative powders may be taken in a little gruel, and repeated occasionally. Powder, Steel.— Take filings of steel, and loaf sugar, 2 ozs. of each ; ginger, 2 drs. Pound them together. Appendix to Medical Department, 353 In obstructions of the menses, and other cases where steel is proper, a tea-spoon of this powder may be taken twice a day, and washed down with wine or water. Powder, Sudorific.— Talte purified nitre, and vitriolated tartar, 3^oz. of each; opium, and ipecacuanha, 1 dr. of each. Mix the in- gredients, and rediice them to a fine powder. This is linown by the name of Dover's powder. It is a powerful sudorific. In obstinate rheumatism, and other cases where it is neces- sary to excite a copious sweat, this powder may be administered in the dose of a scruple, or half a drachm, accompanied with copious draughts of warm, diluting liquor. Powder, Worm.— Take of tin, reduced into a fine powder, 1 oz. ; Ethiop's mineral, 2 drs. Mix well together, and divide into six doses. One of these powders may be taken in a little syrup, honey, or molas- ses, twice a day. Then the following anthelmintic powder will be proper ; Powdered rhubarb, 1 scr. ; scamraony, and calomel, 5 grs. of each. Rub them in a mortar for one dose. For children, the above doses must be lessened according to their age. If the powder of tin be gven alone, its dose may be considerably increased. PREGNANCY— A Good Medicine For.— Cinnamon water, 1 oz. ; tincture of rhubarb, 2 drs.; compound spirits of lavender, 3^ dr. ; syrup of saffron, 1 dr. To be taken occasionally in the middle of the day. RESTORATIVE WINE BITTERS.-Quassia, ^ oz. ; golden seal, 2 drs. ; bitter-root, 2 drs. ; cayenne pepper, 2 drs. ; whitewood bark, 3 drs. Bruise all, and add 1 pt. of Holland gin, and 2 qts. of wine. A less quantity may be made. Dose.— A table-spoon or two, twice a day. Remarkabl.y useful in indigestion. Another, by Dr. Thompson.— Balmony bark, 1 part; poplar bark, 5 parts. Boil in water sufficient to strain from one pound 23^ gals, of water, to which add sugar, %% lbs. ; nerve powder, 23^ ozs. ; while hot, strain, and add best Malaga wine, 33^ gals. ; tincture of meadow-fern, 1 qt. ; prickly-ash seeds, 1 qt. A less quantity may be made. Dose. — From half to a wine-glass, twice a day. These bitters are priceless. They are sure to correct the bile, and create an appetite, by giving tone to the digestive powers, and may be freely used, both as a restorative, and as a preventive of disease. STIMULATING LINIMENT.— Cayenne, \% ozs.; salt, 1 table- spoon ; spirits of wine, 2 ozs. ; camphor, % oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 3i pt. Bottle, and shake now and then during one day. Then add % pt. of vinegar. It is excellent for sponging the body in cases of pain, debility, inflammation, rheumatism, gout, sore throat, numbness, neu- ralgia, etc. SALINE MIXTURE.— Take of crystalized acid of lemon, 1 dr., or fresh lemon juice, 13^ ozs. ; salt of wormwood, 1 dr. ; white sugar, 3 drs. ; pure water, 12 ozs. ; essence of peppermint, 30 drops. Mix. A tea-cup to be taken often in inflammatory fevers and sore throat. ^ SWEATING DROPS.— Take of camphor, saftron, ipecacuanha, opium, Virginian snake-root, 3^ oz. each; Holland gin, 1)^ pts. In- fuse two or three days. A wonderfully efficacious cure for fever and ague, after suitable evacuants. Dr. Beach says: "I And this the best medicine for fever and ague of any with which I am acquainted. In two cases this tinc- ture removed the paroxysms where other remedies failed ; one patient had been under homeopathic treatment for many months." 354 Appendix to Medical Department, SUDORIFICS. — Medicines causinor much perspiration. Sudorilic, or Fever Powder. — Crawley root, 1 oz. ; lobelia herb, 3^ oz. . pleurisy root, 1 oz ; skunk cabbage, 3^ oz. Powder, and mix til em together. Dose. — From a quarter to half a tea-spoon every \% hours, till perspiration is produced. It va^y be given in balm or com- mon tea. In fevers, inflammations, influenza, and colds, this powder is in- valuable. It subdues irritation, corrects the pulse, improves respira- tion, and promotes sound, natural sleep. It is sure, if properly admin- istered, to arrest a fever. Keep it in a bottle, well corked. SLIPPERY ELM 15ARK.— Ttiis tree, ulmus fulva, is a native of this country. The powdered bark is now extensively sold and used. It is used as an article of diet for invalids, on account of its soothing and nutritious properties. Milk thickened with it makes ex- cellent food for infants, for dyspeptic and consumptive patients ; it subdues inflammation, and agreeably calms the system. According to the celebrated Dr. Beach, it is " demulcent, pectoral, diuretic, deobstruent, emollient, and refrigerant, useful in all bowel complaints, in scurvy, cutaneous eruptions, etc. In the form of a poultice, it is an admirable remedy (far exceeding any other known production in the world) for ulcers, tumors, swelhngs, wounds, chil- blains, burns, scalds, skin diseases, erysipelas, obstinate ulcers, scabs, etc. ; and in sore mouth, or thrush, etc., used as a wash." It quickly allays inflammation, promotes resolution and suppuration. The tea is much used by the Indian women to procure easy labor. In point of utility, it is of far more value than its weight in gold. It has rapidly come into use as an invaluable medical agent. As an ingredienc in injections, it is most valuable, healing, sooth- ing, and preventing any painful sensations. It may be obtained at the vendors of botanic medicines. TEMPERAMENT. — This is a term used by physiologists to distin- guish a peculiar organization of the system common to certain groups of individuals, and which serves to define one individual or group from another. Physicians generally recognize four temperaments : The Saiiguiue — Characterized by plumpness of body, with toler- able firmness of the flesh; the hair is red, or of a light chestnut, the eyes blue, and the complexion fair and florid, with a soft, thin skin. Such persons have large blood-vessels, an active circulation, and a full, quick pulse; the body is active, the countenance animated, the passions excitable, and the mind volatile but unsteady. The Phlegmatic— Is distinguished by a round body, soft muscles, fullness of the cellular tissue; the hair is fair, the eyes light blue or gray, and the skin pallid. The blood-vessels are small, the circulation languid, and the pulse slow. All the functions, mentally and bodily, are torpid. The Bilious. — This temperament is defined by a moderate fullness of body, with firm, hard flesh, and strongly defined outlines of per- son. The hair is black, the eyes and complexion dark, the pulse is full, firm, and of moderate quickness, and there is great energy both in body and mind; and, in conclusion, the features are strongly marked, told, and prominent. The Nervous. — This is characierized by a small, spare frame, slight muscular development, quick, impulsive movements, pallid countenance, and delicate health. The pulse is small and quick, and easily excited by mental emotions or nervous impressions; the whole nervous system is active, the senses acute and keen, the thoughts quick, and the imagination lively. Appendix to Medical Department, 355 Though these temperaments are seldom found occurring in a pure form, they are sufficiently defined to be easily recoi^nized; they, how- ever, supply us with the following general faets^ namely, that the sanguine temperament is most liable to acute inflammatory diseases X^Q phlegmatic Xo scrofulous complaints, the Ulious to aftections of the liver and the digestive organs, and the nervous to mental disorders and diseases of the nervous system generally. YELLOW DOCK.— This plant is well known. The leaves are boiled and eaten. It is moderately astringent, and rather purgative. It IS very appropriate for scrofulous complaints. In bilious complaints, internal heat, hectic fever, palpitation of the heart, piles, cutaneous eruptions, etc., it is most valuable. The root may be given in decoction. A poultice of it is very good to discuss all indolent swellings. Made into an ointment, it is good for tetter, ringworm, etc. /iTv^l^^t ^^¥^ "^^ EXPRESS THE PROPERTIES OF MEDI- Lli^iiS.— Absorbents— Are medicines which destroy acidities in the stomach and bowels, such as magnesia, prepared chalk, etc. ^ Altoratiyes— Are medicines which restore health to the constitu- tion, without producing any sensible effect, such as sarsaparilla, sul- phur, etc. Analeptics— Are medicines that restore the strength which has been lost by sickness, such as gentian, bark, etc. Anodynes— Are medicines which relieve pain, and they are divided into three kinds: sedatives, hypnotics, i^nd narcotics (see these terms); camphor is anodyne as well as narcotic. Antacids— Are medicines which destroy acidity, such as lime, magnesia, soda, etc. Antalkalies— Are medicines given to neutralize alkalies in the system, such as citric, nitric, or sulphuiic acids, etc. Anthelmintics— Are medicines used to expel and destroy worms from the stomach and intestines, such as turpentine, cowhage, male fern, etc. Antibilions— Are medicines which are useful in bilious affections, such as calomel, etc. Antirheumatics— Are medicines used for the cure of rheumatism, such as colchicum, iodide of potash, etc. Antiscorbutics— Are medicines against scurvy, such as citric acid, etc. Antiseptics— Are substances used to correct putrefaction, such as bark, camplior, charcoal, vinegar, and creosote. Antispasmodics — Are medicines which possess the power of over- coming spasms of the muscles, or allaying severe pain from any cause unconnected with inflammation, such as valerian, ammonia, opium, and camphor. Aperients — Are medicines which move the bowels gently, such as rhubarb, manna, and gray powder. Aromatics — Are cordial, spicy, and agreeably flavored medicines, such as cardamoms, cinnamon, etc. Astringents — Are medicines which contract the fibres of the body, diminish excessive discharges, and act indirectly as tonics, such as oak bark, galls, etc. Attenuants — Are medicines which are supposed to thin the blood, such as ammoniated iron, etc. Balsaniics — Are medicines of a soothing kind, such as tolu, Peru- vian balsam, etc. 35 6 Appendix to Medical Department Carminatives— Are medicines which allay pain in the stomach and bowels, and expel flatulence, such as anise-seed water, etc. Cathartics — Are strong purgative medicines, such as jalap, etc. Cordials— Are exhilarating and wanning medicines, such as aro- matic confection, etc. Corroborants — Are medicines and food which increase the strength, such as iron, gentian, meat, and wine. Demulcents — Correct acrimony, diminish irritation, and soften parts by covering their surfaces with a mild and viscid matter, such as linseed tea, gum, mucilage, honey, and marshmallow. Deobstruents — Are medicines which remove obstructions, such as iodide of potash, etc. Detergents — Clean the surfaces over which they pass, such as soap, etc. Di.aphoretics — Produce perspiration, such as tartrate of antimony, James's powder, and camphor. Digestives — Are remedies applied to ulcers or wounds, to promote the formation of matter, such as resin ointments, warm poultices, etc. Discutients — Possess the power of repelling or resolving tumors, such as galbanum, mercury, and iodine. Diuretics — Act upon the kidneys and bladder, and increase the flow of urine, such as nitre, squills, cantharides, camphor, antimony, and juniper. Drastics — Are violent purgatives, such as gamboge, etc. Emetics — Produce vomiting, or the discharge of the contents of the stomach, such as mustard and hot water, tartar emetic, ipecacuan- ha sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper. Emollients — Are remedies used externally to soften the parts they are applied to, such as spermaceti, palm oil, etc. Epispastics — Are medicines which blister or cause effusion of serum under the cuticle, such as Spanish flies. Burgundy pitch, resin, and galbanum. Errhines — Are medicines which pioduce sneezing, such as tobac- co, etc. Escharotics — Are medicines which corrode or destroy the vitality of the part to which they are applied, such as lunar caustic, etc. Expectorants — Are medicines which increase expectoration, or the discharge from the bronchial tubes, such as ipecacuanlia, squills, opium, ammoniacum. Febrifuges — Are remedies used in fevers, such as all the antimo- nials, bark, quinine, mineral acids, arsenic. " HyUragogues — Are medicines which have the effect of removing the fluid of dropsy, by producing watery evacuations, such as gam- boge, calomel, etc. Hypnotics— Are medicines that relieve pain by procuring sleep, such us hops, henbane, morphia, poppy. Laxatives— Are medicines whicli cause the bowels to act rather more than natural, such as manna, etc. Narcotics— Are medicines which cause sleep or stupor, and allay pain, such as opium, etc. Nutrients— Are remedies that nourish the body, such as sugar, sago, etc. Paregorics— Are medicines which actually assuage pain, such as compound tincture of camphor, henbane, hops, opium. Prophylactics — Are remedies employed to prevent the attack of any particular disease, such as quinine, etc. Appendix to Medical Department. 357 Purgatives— Are medicines that promote the evacuation of the bowels, such as senna, aloes, jalap, salts. Refriarerants— Are medicines which suppress an unusual heat of the body, such as wood sorrel, tamarind, etc. Rubefacients— Are medicaments which cause redness of the skin, such as mustard, etc. Sedatives— Are medicines which depress the nervous energy, and destroy sensation, so as to compose, such as fox-glove. (See "Pare- gorics.") Sialo?ogues~Are medicines which promote the flow of saliva or spittle, such as salt, calomel, etc. Soporiflcs— Are medicines which induce sleep, such as hops, etc. Stimulants— Are remedies which increase the action of the heart and arteries, or the energy of the part to which they are applied, such as food, wine, spirits, ether, sassafras, which is an internal stimulant, and savine, which is an external one. Stomacliics— Restore the tone of the stomach, such as gentian, etc. Styptics— Are medicines which constrict the surface of a part, and prevent the efl'usion of blood, such as kino, Friar's balsam, extract of lead, and ice. Sudoriftcs— Promote profuse perspiration or sweating, such as ipecacuanha, antimony, James's powder, ammonia. Tonics— Give general strength to the constitution, restore the nat- ural energies, and improve the tone of the system, such as all the veg- etable bitters, most of the minerals, also some kinds of food, wine, and beer. Vesicants — Are medicines which blister, such as strong liquid ammonia, etc. DOx^ESTIC PHARMACOPEIA.— In compiling this part of our hints, we have endeavored to supply that kind of information which Is so often wanted in the time of need, and cannot be obtained when a medical man or a druggist is not near. The doses are tixed for adults, unless otherwise ordered. The various remedies are arranged in sections, according to their uses, as being more easy for reference. COLLYRIA, OR EYE WASHES.— Alum Dissolve 1^ dr. in 8 ozs. of water. C/se, as an astringent. When the strength of the alum is doubled, and only half the quantity of water used, it acts as a dis- cutient, but not as an eye water. Common. — Add 3^ oz. of diluted acetic to 3 ozs. of decoction of poppy heads. XJse^ an anodyne wash. Compound Alum. — Dissolve alum and white vitriol, of each 1 dr. in 1 pt. of water, and filter, through paper. JJse^ as an astringent wash. Zinc and Lead. — Dissolve white vitriol and acetate of lead, of each, 7 grs. in 4 ozs. of elder-flower water; add 1 dr. of laudanum (tincture of opium), and the same quantity of spirit of camphor; then strain. Cr«6,as a detergent wash. Acetate of Zinc. — Dissolve 3^ a dr. of white vitriol in 5 ozs. of water. Dissolve 2 scrs. of acetate of lead in five ozs. of water. Mix these solutions, then set aside for a short time and filter. JJse, as an astringent; this fonns a most valuable collyrium. Sulphate of Zinc. — Dissolve 20 grs. of white vitriol in 1 pt. of water or rose water. XJse^ for weak eyes. Zinc and Camplior. — Dissolve 1 scr. of white vitriol in 10 ozs. of water, then add 1 dr. of spirit of camphor, and strain. JJse^ as a stimulant. 358 Appendix to Medical Department. Compound Zinc— Dissolve 15 grs. of white vitriol in 8 ozs. of camphor water {Mistura comphoroe), and the same quantity of poppy heads. Use, as an anodyne and detergent; useful for weak eyes. CONFECTIONS AND ELECTUARIES.— Confections are used as vehicles for administration of more active [medicines, and Electuaries are made for the purpose of rendering some remedies palatable. Both should be kept in closely covered jars. Almond Confection. — Remove the outer coat from 1 oz. of sweet almonds, and beat them well in a mortar with 1 dr. of powdered gum arable, ^ oz. of white sugar. Use, to make a demulcent mixture, known as '"almond emulsion.'' Alum Confection. — Mix 2 scrs. of powdered alum with 4 scrs. of molasses. Dose, 3^ dr. Use, as an astringent in sore throat and re- laxed uvula, and ulcerations of the mouth. Orange Confection. — Take 1 oz. of the freshly rasped rind of orange, and mix it with 3 ozs. of white sugar, and beat together till perfectly incorporated. Dose, from 1 dr. to 1 oz. Use, as a gentle stomachic and tonic, and for giving tonic powders in. Black Pepper Confection. — Take of black pepper and elecampane root, of each. 1 oz. ; fennel seeds, 3 ozs. ; honey and sugar, of each, 2 ozs. Rub the dry ingredients to a fine powder, and when the confec- tion is wanted, add the honey and mix well. Dose, from 1 to 2 drs. Use,m haemorrhoids, or piles. Cowliage. — Mix as much of the fine hairs or spiculae of cowhage into molasses as it will take up. Dose, a teaspoonful every morning and evening. Use, as an anthelmintic. Senna Confection. — Take of senna, powdered, 4 ozs.; figs, 3^ ih. cassia pulp, tamarind pulp, and the pulp of prunes, of each 4 ozs.; coriander seeds, powdered 2 ozs.; licorice root, l}4 ozs.; sugar, 1^ lbs.; water, 1}4 pts. Rub the senna with the coriander, and separate, by sifting, 5 ozs. of the mixture. Boil the water, with the figs and licorice added, until it is reduced to one half; then press out and strain the liquor. Evaporate the strained liquor in a jar by boiling until twelve fluid ounces remain. Then add the sugar, and make a syrup. Now mix the pulps with the syrup, add the sifted powder, and mix well. Use, purgative. Castor Oil and Senna Confection. — Take 1 dr. of powdered gum arable, and 2 ozs. of confection of senna, and mix, by gradually rub- bing together in a mortar, with }£ oz.of castor oil. Dose, from 3^ oz. to 1 oz. Use, purgative. Sulphur and Senna Confection. — Take of sulphur and sulphate of potash, of each, 3^ oz.; of confection of senna, 2 ozs.; and oil of anise-seed, twenty minims ; mix well. Dose, f rom 1 to 2 drs. Use, purgative. Cream-of-Tartar Confection. — Take 1 oz. of cream-of-tartar, 1 dr. of jalap, and 3^ dr. of powdered ginger; mix iuto a thick paste with molasses. Dose, 2 drs. Use, purgative. Anti-Spasmodic Electuary.— Take 6 drs. of powder valerian and orange leaves, mixed and made into an electuary, with a sufficient quantity of syrup of wormwood. Dose, from 1 to 2 drs., to be taken two or three times a day. DECOCTIONS. — These 'should only be made as they are wanted; pipkins or tin saucepans should be used for the purpose ; and no de- coction should be boiled longer than ten minutes. Chimaphila. — Take 1 oz, of pyrola (chimaphila, or winter-green), and boil it in 1% pts. water until it is only 1 pt. ; then strain. Dose, from 1 to 2 ozs. four times a day. Use, in dropsies, as a diuretic. Appendix to Medical Departtnent, 359 Logwood. — Boil 1)4, ozs. of bruised logwood in 2 pts. of water until it comes to 1 pt.; then add 1 dr. of bruised cassia, and strain. Dose, from 1 to 2 ozs. TJse^ as an astringent. Dandelion, — Take 2 ozs. of freshly-sliced root, and boil in 2 pts. of water until it comes to 1 pt. ; tlien add 1 oz. of compound tincture of horseradish. Dose, from 2 to 4 ozs. C/ise, in a sluggish state of the liver. EMBROCATIONS AND LINIMENTS.— These remedies are used externally as local stimulants, to relieve deep-seated inflammations when other means cannot be employed, as they are more easily applied locally. Anodyne and Discntient. — Take 2 drs. of scraped white soap, % dr. of extract of henbane, and dissolve them by a gentle heat in 6 ozs. of olive oil. C/se, about \^ oz. to be well rubbed into the part twice a day, for glandular enlargements which are painful and stubborn. Strong' Ammoniated. — Add 1 oz. of strong liquid ammonia {Liquoris ammonice fortius') to 2 ozs. of olive oil; shake them well together until they are properly mixed. Use, employed as a stimulant in rheumatic pains, paralytic numbnesses, chronic glandular enlarge- ments, lumbago, sciatica* etc. This embrocation must be used with care, and only employed in very obstinate cases. Compound Ammoniated. — Add 6 drs. of oil of turpentine to the strong ammoniaetd liniment above. Use^ for the diseases mentioned under the head of strong ammoniated liniment, and chronic aflTections of the knee and ankle joints. Lime and Oil. — Take equal parts of common linseed oil and lime water {Liquor calcis), and shake well. Use, applied to burns, scalds, sun peeling, etc. Camphorated. — Take 3^ oz. of camphor and dissolve it in 2 ozs. olive oil. Use, as a stimulant, soothing application, in stubborn breasts, glandular enlargements, drops}'- of the belly, a>nd rheumatic pains. Soap Liniment with Spanish Flies.— Take 3^ ozs. of soap lini- ment, }4 <>z. of tincture of Spanish flies ; mix and shake well. Use, as a stimulant to chronic bruises, sprains, rheumatic pains, and indolent swellings. Turpentine. — Take 23^ ozs. of resin cerate {Ceratum resince), and melt it by standing the vessel in hot water; then add \% ozs. of oil of turpentine, and mix. Use, as a stimulant application to ulcers, burns, scalds, etc. ENEMAS.— These are a peculiar kind of medicines, administered by injecting them into the rectum or outlet of the body. Theintention is either to empty the bowels, kill worms, protect the lining membrane of the intestines from injury, restrain copious discharges, allay spasms in the bowels, or to nourish the body. These clysters, or glysters, are administered by means of bladders and pipes, or a proper apparatus. Laxative. — Take 2 ozs. of Epsom salts, and dissolve in |^ of a pt. of gruel, or thin broth, with 1 oz. of olive oil. Use, as all enemas are used. Nutritive.— Take 12 ozs. of strong beef tea, and thicken with harts- horn shavings or arrowroot. Turpentine.— Take % oz. of turpentine, the yolk of one eg§:, and 3^ pt. of gruel. Mix the turpentine and egg, and then add the gruel. Use, as an athelmintic. Common.— Dissolve 1 oz. of salt in 12 ozs. of gruel. Castor OiL— Mix 2 ozs. of castor oil with 1 dr. of starch, then rub them together, and add 14 ozs. of thin gruel. C/sd, purgative. 360 Appendix to Medical Department. Opium. — Rub 3 grs. of opium with 2 ozs. of starch, then add 2 ozs. of warm water. Use^ as a anodyne, in colic, spasms, etc. Oil. — Mix 4 ozs. of olive oil with )^ oz. of mucilage and 3^ pt. of warm water. TJsey as a demulcent. Assafoetida. — Mix 1 dr. of the tincture of assafoetida in 1 pt. of barley water. Use, as an anthelmintic, or in convulsions from teething. GARGLES.— These are remedies used to stimulate chronic sore throats, or a relaxed state of the swfillow, or uvula, Acidulated. — Mix one part of white vinegar with three pars of honey of roses, and twenty-four of barley water. Use^ in chronic in- flammations of the throat, malignant sore throat, etc. Astring^ent. — Take 2 drs. of roses and mix with 8 ozs. of boiling water, infuse for one hour, strain, and add 1 dr. of alum and 1 oz. of honey of roses. TJse^ in severe sore throat, relaxed uvula, etc. For Salivation. — Mix from 1 to 4 drs. of bruised gall-nuts with 1 pt. of boiling water, and infuse for two hours, then strain and sweeten. Tonic and Stimulant. — Mix 6 ozs. of decoction of bark with 2 ozs. of tincture of myrrh, and 3^ dr. of diluted sulphuric acid. TJse^ in scorbutic affections. Alum. — Dissolve 1 dr. of alum in 15 ozs. of water, then add ^ oz. molasses and 1 dr. of diluted sulphuric acid. TJse^ astringent. Myrrh. — Add 6 drs. of tincture of myrrh to 7 ozs. of infusion of linseed, and then add 1 dr. of diluted sulphuric acid. TJse^ as a detergent. For Slight Inflammation of the Throat. — Add 1 dr. of sulphuric ether to 3^ oz. of syrup of marsh-mallows, and 6 ozs. of barley water. This may be used frequently. LOIIONS.— Lotions are usually applied to the parts required by means of a piece of linen rag or piline, wetted with them, or by wet- ting the bandage itself. Emollient. — Use decoction of marsh-mallow or linseed. Elder Flowers. — Add 23^ drs. of elder flowers to 1 qt. of boiling water, infuse for one hour, and strain. TJse^ as a discutient. Sedative. — Dissolve 1 dr. of extract of henbane in 24 drs. of water. Opium. — Mix 2 drs. of brusied opium with 3^ pt. of boiling water, allow it to grow cold, and use for painful ulcers, bruises, etc. Stimulant. — Dissolve 1 dr. of caustic potash in 1 pt. of water, and then gradually pour it upon 24 grs. of camphor and one dr. of sugar, previously bruised together in a mortar. Used as in fungoid and flabby ulcers. Ordinary. — Mix 1 dr. of salt with 8 ozs. of water. Used for foul ulcers and flabby wounds. Cold Evaporating. — Add 2 drs. of Goulard's extract (Liquor plumhi diacetatis), and the same quantity of sulphuric ether (Ether sulphuncusjy to 1 pt. of cold water. Use, as a lotion for contusions, sprains, inflamed parts, etc. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. — ^Dissolve 2 drs. of sal ammoniac (Ammonios hydrochloras ) in 6 ozs. of water, then add 1 oz. of distilled vinegar and the same quantity of rectified spirit. Use^ as a refrigerant. Yellow Lotion. — Dissolve 1 gr. of corrosive sublimate ( Hydrargyri cidoridum, A violent poison) in 1 oz. of lime water, taking care to bruise the chrystals of the salt in order to assist its solution. Use^ as a detergent. Black Wash. — Add % ^^'- ^^ calomel to 4 ozs. of lime water, or 8 grs. to 1 oz. of lime water; shake well. Use, as a detergent. Acetate of Lead with Opium.— Take 20 grs. of acetate of lead, and Appendix to Medical Department.. 361 1 dr. of powdered opium, mix, nnd ndd 1 oz. of vinegar and 4 ozs of warm water, set aside for an hour, then filter. JJae, as astringent. Creosote. — Add 1 dr. of creosote to 1 pt of water, and mix by shaking. Use, as an application in tinea capitis, or otlier cutaneous diseases. Galls. — Boil 1 dr. of bruised galls in 12 ozs. of water until only 1^ pt. remains, then strain, and add 1 oz. of laudanum. Use, as an astrigent and sedative. OINTMENTS AND CERATES.— These remedies are used as topi- cal applications to parts, generally ulcers, and are usually spread upon linen or other materials. Camphorated. — Mix 3^ oz. of camphor with 1 oz. of lard, having, of course" previously powdered the camphor, by adding a few drops of spirit of wine. Use, as a discutient ami stimulant in indolent tumors. Chalk. — Mix as much prepared chalk as you can into some lard, so as to form a thick ointment. Use, as an application to burns and scalds. For Itch. — Mix 4 drs. of sublimed sulphur, 2 ozs. of lard, and % dr. of diluted sulphuric acid together. This is to be rubbed into the body. For Scrofulous Ulcerations. — Mix 1 dr. .of ioduret of zinc and 1 oz. of lard together. Use, twice a day to the ulcerations. Catechu. — Mix 1 oz. of powdered catechu, 23^ drs. of powdered alum, 1 oz. of powdered white resin, and 23^ ozs. of olive oil, together. Use, to apply to flabby and indolent ulcerations. Tartar JEmetic. — Mix 20 grs. of tartar emetic and 10 grs. of white sugar with 1 1^ drs. of lard. Use, as a counter-irritant in white swell- ings, etc. PILLS. — Strong Purgative. — Take of powdered aloes, scaramony and gamboge, of each, 15 grs., mix and add sufficient Venice turpen- tine to make into a mass, then divide into 12 pills. Dose, one or two occasionally. Milder Purgative. — Take 4 grs. of powdered scammony, and the same quantity of compound extract of colocynth, and 2 grs. of calo- mel ; mix well, and add 2 di'ops of oil of cloves, or thin gum-water, to enable the ingredients to combine properly, and divide into 2 pills. DosK, one or two when necessary. Common Purgative. — Take of powdered jalap and compound extract of colocynth each 4 grs., of calomel 2 grs. ; mix as usual, and divide into 2 pills. Dose, one or two occasionally. TONIC. — Mix 24 grs. of extract of gentian and the same of puri- fied green vitrol (sulpfiate of iron) together, and divide into 12 pills. Dose, one or two when necessary. Use, in debility. Cough. — Mix 1 dr. of compound powder of ipecacuanha with 1 scr. of gum ammoniacum and 1 of dried squill bulb in powder. Make into a mass with mucilage, and divide into 20 pills. Dose. — One, three times a day. Astringent. — Mix 16 grs. of acetate of lead (sugar of lead J with 4 grs. of opium, and make into a mass with extract of dandelion, so as to make eight pills. Dose, from one to two. Use, as an astringent in obstinate diarrhea, dysentery, and spitting of blood. MIXTURES. — Fever, Simple. — Add 3 ozs. of spirit of mindererus (Liqaur ammonioe acetatis), 3 drs. of spirits of sweet nitre, 4 drs. of Hntimoninal wine, and 1 dr. of syrup of saffron, to 4 ozs of water, or medicated water, such as cinnamon, anise-seed, etc. Dose for an adult, one or two tablespoonfuls every three hours. Use., as a diaphoretic. 16 362 Appendix to Medical Department Aromatic. — Mix 2 drs. of aromatic confection with 2 drs. of com- pound tincture of cardamoms, and 8 ozs. of peppermint water. Dose, from 1 oz. to Vy^, ozs. TJse^ in flatulent colic and spasms of the bowels. Cathartic. — Dissolve 2 ozs. of Epsom salts in 6 ozs. of compound infusion of senna, then add 3 ozs. of peppermint water. Dose, from 13^ to 2 ozs. JJm^ as a warm and active cathartic. Diuretic. — Dissolve in 3 ozs. of camphor mixture, 1 dr. of powder- ed nitre; add 5 ozs. of the decoction of brooin, with 6 drs. of sweet spirits of nitre, and 3 drs. of tincture of sqills; mix. Dose, one tea- spoonful every two hours, or two tablespoonfuls every three howrs. TJse^ excellent in dropsies. Coug-h. — Dissolve 3 grs. of tartar emetic and 15 grains of opium in 1 pt. of boiling water, then add 4 ozs. of molasses, 2 ozs. of vinegar, and 1 pt. of boiling water. Dose, from two teaspoonfuls to two table- spoonfuls, according to circumstances, every three hours, or three times a day. JJse^ in common catarrh, bronchitis, and iiritable cough. Cou'^'h — For Children, — Mix 3 drs. of ipecacuanha wine with 3^ oz. of oxymel of squills, the same quantity of syrup of tolu, 1 oz. of mucilage, and 2 ozs. of water. Dose, one teaspoonful for children under one year, two teasp.oonfuls from one to five years, and a table- spoonful for five years, every time the cough is troublesome. Anti-Spasmodic. — Dissolve 50 grs. or camphor in 2 drs. of chloro- form, and then add 2 drs. of compound tincture of lavender, six drs. of mucilage of gum arable, 8 ozs. of anise-seed, cinnamon, or some other aromatic water, and 2 ozs. of distilled water; mix well. Dose, one tablespoonful every half hour if necessary. Use^ in cholera in the cold stage, when cramps are severe, or exhaustion very great ; and as a general anti-spasmodic in doses of one dessert-spoonful when the spasms are severe. Tonic and Stimulant. — Dissolve 1 dr. of extract of bark, and 3^ dr. of powdered gum arable, in G ozs. of water, and then add 1 oz. of syrup of marsh-mallow, and the same quantity of syrup of tolu. Dose, one tablespoonful every three hours, t/se, after fevers and catan-hs. Stomachic. — Take 20 grs. of powdered rhubarb, and rub it down in 33^ ozs. of peppermint water, then add sal volatile and compound tincture of gentian, of each, 13^ drs.; mix. Dose, from 1 oz. to 13^ ozs. CTise, as a tonic, stimulant, and stomachic. DRINKS. — Tamarind. — Boil 2 ozs. of the pulp of tamarinds in 2 pts. of milk, then strain. JJse^ as a refrigerant drink. Tamarind.— Boil 2 ozs of the pulp in 2 pts. of warm water, and allow it to get cold, then strain. Use^ refrigerant. POWDERS.— Compound Soda.— Mix 24 grs. of calomel, 36 grs. of sesqui-carbonate of soda, and 1 dr. of compound chalk powder, togeth- er. Divide into 12 powders. One of the powders to be given for a dose when required. Use, as a mild purgative for children- during teething. Tonic— Mix 1 dr. of powdered rhubarb with the same quantity of dried carbonate of soda, then add 2 drs. of powdered calumba root. Dose, from 10 to 20 grs. as a tonic after fevers, in all cases of debility, and dyspepsia attended with acidity. Rhubarb and Magnesia.— Mix 1 dr. of powdered rhubarb with 2 drs. of carbonate of magnesia, and 1^ dr. of ginger. DoSfi, from 15 grs. to 1 dr. Use, as a i>iirgative for ciiildren. Sulphur and Potash.— Mix 1 dr. of sulphur with 4 scrs. of bicar- bonate of potash, and 2 scrs. of nitre. DoSE, from 1^ dr. to 1 dr. t/se, as a purgative, diuretic, and refriger. nt. Appendix to Medical Department. 363 Anti"Diarrheal, — Mix 1 g\\ of powdered ipecacuanha, and 1 gr. of powdered opium, with the same quantity of camphor. Dose, one of these powders to be given in jam, molasses, etc., once or twice a day; but to adults only. Anti-Spasmodic. — Mix 4 grs. of subnitrate of bismuth, 48 grs. of carbonate of magnesia, and the same quantity of white sugar, and then divide into four equal parts. Dose, one-fourth part. JJse^ in obstinate pain in the stomach with cramps, unattended by inflammation. Anti-Pertussal, or Against Wlioopin^-Cough.— Mix 1 dr. of pow- dered belladona root, and 2 ozs. of white sugar, together. Dose, 6 grs. morning and evening for children under one year; 9 grs. for those under two and three years of age; 15 grs. for those between five and ten; and 30 gre. for adults. Caution. This should be prepared by a chemist, as the belladona is a poison, and occasional doses of castor oil should be given while it is being taken. Purgative — Common. — Mix 10 grs. of calomel, with 1 dr. of pow- dered jalap, and 20 grs. of sugar. Dose, one-half of the whole for adults. Sudorific. — Mix 6 grs. of compound antimonial powder, 2 grs. of ipecacuanha, and 2 grs. of sugar, together. Dose, as mixed, to be taken at bed-time. Zfse. in catarrh and fever. MISCELLANEOUS.— Etlieral Tincture of Male Fern.— Digest 1 oz. male fern buds in 8 ozs. of sulphuric ether, then strain. Dose, thirty drops early in the morning, tlse^ to kill tapeworm. Emulsion — Laxative. — Rub down 1 oz. of castor oil in 2 drs. of mucilage of gum arabic, add 3 ozs. of dill water, and a dr. of tincture of jalap, gradually. Dose, as prepared, the whole to be taken while fasting in the morning. Emulsion — Purgative. — Rub down 6 grs. of scammony with 6 drs. of white sugar in a mortar, and gradually add 4 ozs. of almond emulsion, and two drops of oil of cloves. Dose, as prepared, early iu the morning. To Prevent Pitting After Small -Pox.— Spread a sheet of thin leather with the ointment of aramoniacum with mercury, and cut out a place for the mouth, eyes, and nostrils. This forms what is called a mask, and, after anointing the eyelids with a little blue ointment ( Unagueidum hydrargyri), it should be applied to the face, and allowed to remain for three days for the distinct kind, and four days for the running variety. Period to apply it : Before the spots fill with matter, although it will answer sometimes even after they have become pustu- lous. It may be applied to any part in the same way. Another Method. — And one more reliable, is that of touching every pustule, or poc, on the face or bosom with a camel-hair pencil dipped in a weak solution of lunar caustic (nitrate of silver)^ made iu the proportion of 2 grs. of nitrate of silver to 1 oz. of distilled water. The time for the application is about the seventh day, while each pus- tule is filled with a limpid fluid, or before suppuration takes place, the lotion arresting that action, and by preventing the formation of matter, saving the skin from being pitted; a result that follows from the con- version of the adispose tissue into pus. A third method of effecting the same purpose is by passing a fine needle through each poc, when fully distended with lymph; the escape of the fluid averting, as in the other mode, the suppuration which would otherwise ensue. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. — Rub 1 oz. of gum arabic in a mortar, with 4 ozs. of warm water. Use. for coughs, etc. - 364 Appendix to Medical Department Mucilage of Starcli.— Hub 1 dr. of starch with a little water, and frratlnally add 5 ozs. of water, then boil until it forms a mucilage. Use, lor eiienias, topical applications, and demulcents. DISEASES.* — It should be clearly understood, that in all cases of disease, tlie advice of a sliillfal physician is of the hrst importance. It is not, tlierefore, intended by the following information to supersede tlie important and necessary practice of the medical man; but rather, by exhibiting the treatment required, to show in wliat degree his aid is imperative. In cases, however, where the disorder may be simple and transient, or in which remote residence, or other circumstances, may deny the privilege of medical attendance, the following particu- lars will be found of the utmost value. Moreover, the hints given upon what should be avoided will be of great service to the patient, since the physiological is no less Important than the medical treatment of disease. Apoplexy. — Immediate and large bleeding from the arm, cupping at the back of the neck, leeches to the temples, aperients Nos. 1 and 7, one or two drops of croton oil rubbed or dropped on the tongue. Avoid excesss, intemperance, animal food. Bile, Bilious, or Liver Complaints. — Abstinence from malt liquors, cool homeopathic cocoa for drink, no tea or coffee, few vege- tables, no broths or soups; lean, juicy meat not overcooked for dinner, with occasionally stale bread and a slice of toasted bacon for breakfast. Nos. 59 and 60. Cnicken Pox.— Mild aperients, No. 4, succeeded by No. 7, and No. 8, if much fever accompany the eruption. Chilblains. — Warm, drj'^ woolen clothing to exposed parts in cold weather, as a preventive. In the tirst stage, frictions with No. 63, used cold. When ulcers form they should be poulticed with bread and water for a day or two, and then dressed with calamine cerate. Or chiK blains in every stage, whether of simple inflammation or open ulcer, may always be successfully treated by the extract of lead (Liquor plumbi acetatisj, used pure or applied on lint twice a day. Common Continued Fever. — Aperients in the commencement, No. 1, followed by No. 7, then diaphoretics. No. 8, and afterwards tonics» No. 16, in the stage of weakness. Avoid all excesses. Common Cough. — The linctus. No. 57 or No. 58, abstinence from malt liquor, and protection from cold damp air. Avoid cold, damp, and draughts Constipation. — The observance of a regular period of evacuating the bowels, which is most proper in the morning after breakfast. The use of mild aperients. No. 62, brown bread instead of white. There should be an entire change in the dietary for a few days while taking opening medicine. Consumption. — The disease may be complicated with various mor- bid conditions of the lungs and heart, which require appropriate treatment. To allay the cough. No. 57 is an admirable remedy. Avoid cold, damp, excitement and over exertion. Convulsions— Children.— If during teething, free lancing of the gums, the warm bath, cold applications to the head, leeches to the tem- ples, an emetic, and a laxative clyster, No. 24. Croup.— Leeches to the throat, with hot fomentations as long as the attack lasts; the emetic. No. 19, afterwards the aperient, No. 5. Avoid cold and damp. *Fov the proper Remedies aud their Doses see " Perscriptions," and also the various diseases under their respective heads. Appendix to Medical Department, • 365 Dropsy. — Evacuate the water by means of N"o. 11, and by rubbing camphorated oil into the body night and morning. Epilepsy. — If accompanied or produced by fulness of the vessels of the Jiead, leeches to the temples, blisters, and No. 1 and No. 7. If from debility or confirmed epilepsy, the mixture, No. 22. Avoid drinking and excitement. Eruptions osi the Face.— The powder, No. 34, internally, sponging the face with the lotion, No. 35. Avoid excesses in diet. Erysipelas. — Aperients, if the patient be strong, No. 1, followed by No. 7, then tonics. No. 31 ; No. 31 from the commencement in weak subjects. Faintness. — Effusion of cold water on the face, stimulants to the nostrils, pure air, and the recumbent position ; afterwards, avoidance of the exciting cause. Avoid excitment. Frost-bite and Frozen Limbs. — No heating or stimulating liquors must be given. Rub the parts affected with ice, cold, or snow water and lay the patient on a cold bed. Gout. — The aperients, No. 1, followed by No. 28, bathing the parts with gin-and-water; for drink, weak tea or coflee. Warmth by flannels. Abstain from wines, spirits, and animal food. Grayel. — No. 5, followed by No. 7, the free use of magnesia as an aperient. The pill No. 26. Abstain from fermented drinks, hard water. Another form of gravel must be treated by mineral acids, given three times a day. Whoopingr Cough. — Wliooping cough may be complicated with congestion or inflammation of the lungs, or convulsions, and then be- comes a serious disease. If uncomplicated. No. 58. Hysterics. — The fit may be prevented by the administration of thirty drops of laudanum, and as many of ether. When it has taken I)lace open the windows, loosen the tight parts of the dress, sprinkle cold water on the face, etc. A glass of wine or cold water when the patient can swallow. Avoid excitement and tight lacing. Indigestion.— The pills No. 2, with the mixture No. 22, at the same time abstinence from veal, pork, mackarel, salmon, pastry, and beer; for drink, homeopathic cocoa, a glass of cold spring water the first thing every morning. Avoid excesses. fuflainination of the Bladder, — Bleeding, aperients No. 5 and No. 7, the warm bath, afterwards opium; the pill No. 12, three times a day till relieved. Avoid fermented liquors, etc. Inflammation of the Bowels. — Leeches, blisters, fomentations, hot baths, iced drinks, the pills No. 83; move the bowels with clysters, if necessaiy, No. 24. Avoid cold, indigestible food, etc. Inflammation of the Brain.— Application of cold to the head, bleeding from the temples or back of the neck by leeches or cupping; aperients No. 1, followed by No, 7; mercury to salivation. No. 18. Avoid excitement, study, intemperance. Inflammation of the Kidneys. — Bleeding from the arm, leeches over the seat of pain, aperients No. 5, followed by No. 64, the warm bath. Avoid violent exercise, rich living. Inflammation of the Liver. — Leeches over the right side, the seat of pain, blisters, aperients No. 1, followed by No. 7, afterwards the pills No. 23, till the gums are slightly tender. Avoid cold, damp, in- temperance, and anxiety. Inflammation of the Lungs. — Bleeding from the arm or over the painful part of the chest by leeches, succeeded by a blister; the demul- cent mixture, No. 17, to allay the cough, with the powders No. 18. Avoid cold, damp, and draughts. 366 Appendix to Medical Department [nflamination of the Stomach.— Leeches to the pit of the stomach, followed by fomentations, cold iced water for drink, bowels to be evacuated by clysters; abstinence from all food except cold gruel, milk and water, or tea. Avoid excesses, and condiments. Inflammatory Sore Throat.— Leeches and blisters externally, aperients No. 1, followed by No. 7, gargle to clear the throat, No. 20. Avoid cold, damp, and draughts. Inflamed Eyes.— The bowels to be regulated by No. 5, a small blister behind the ear or on the nap of the neck — the eye to be bathed with No. 39. Influenza. — No. i as an aperient and diaphoretic. No. 17 to allay fever and cough. No. 31 as a tonic, when weakness only remains. Avoid cold and damp, use clothing suited to the changes of tempera- ture. Intermittent Fever, or Ague. — Take No. 16 during the intermis- sion of the paroxysm of the fever; keep the bowels free with a wine glass of No. 7. Avoid bad air, stagnant pools, etc. Itch,— The ointment of No. 32, or lotion No. 33. Jaundice. — The pills No. 1, afterwards the mixture No. 7, drinking freely of dandelion tea. Looseness of the Bowels — English Cholera. — One pill No. 23, re- peated if necessary; afterwards the Mixture No. 25. Avoid unripe fruits, acid drinks, ginger beer; wrap flannel around the abdomen. Measles. — A well ventilated room, aperients, No. 4, with No. 17 to allay the cough and fever. Menstruation — Excessive. — No. 47 during the attack, with rest in the recumbent position ; in the intervals. No. 46. Menstruation — Scanty. — In strong patients, cupping the loins, ex- ercise in the open air, 47, the feet in warm water before the expected period, the pills No. 45; in weak subjects, No. 46. Gentle and regular exercise. Avoid hot rooms, and too much sleep. Menstruation — PainfuL — No. 48 during the attack; in the inter- vals, No. 45 twice a week, with No. 46. Avoid cold, mental excitement, etc. Mumps. — Fomentation with a decoction of camomiles and poppy heads; No. 4 as an aperient, and No. 9 during the stage of fever. Avoid cold, and attend to the regularity of the bowels. Nervousness. — Cheerful society, early rising, exercise in the open air, particularly on horseback, and No. 15. Avoid excitement, study, and late meals. Palpitation of the Heart.— The pills No. 2, with the mixture No. 15. Piles. — The paste No. 38, at the same time a regulated diet. Wheu the piles are external, or can be reached, one or two applications of the extract of lead, with an occasional dose of lenitive electuary, will generally succeed in curing them. Quinsy.- A blister applied all round the throat; an emetic. No. 19, commonly succeeds in breaking the abcesses; afterwards the gargle No. 20. Avoid cold and damp. Blieumatism.— Bathe aflected parts with No. 27, and take inter- nally No. 28, with No. 29 at bed-time, to ease pain, etc. Avoid dam-> and cold, wear flannel. Kickets.— The powder No. 37, a dry, pure atmosphere, a nouiiehing diet. Ringworm.— The. lotion No. 36, with the occasiou^J use -of the powder No. 5. Fresh air and cleanliness. Appendix to Medical Department. 367 Scarlet Feyer.— Well ventilated room, sponging the body when hot with cold or tepid vinegar, or spirit and water; aperients, No. 4; diaphoretics. No. 8. If dropsy succeed the disappearance of the erup- tion, fiequent purging with No. 5, succeeded by No. 7. Scrofula.— Pure air, light but warm clothing, diet of fresh animal food; bowels to be regulated by No. 6 and No. 30, taken regularly for a considerable time. Scurvy.— Fresh animal and vegetable food, and the free use of ripe fruits and lemon juice. Avoid cold and damp. Small-Pox.— A well ventilated apartment, mild aperients; if fever be present, No. 7, succeded by diaphoretics No. 8, and tonics No. 16 in the stage of debility, or decline of the eruption. St. Vitus's Dance. — The occasional use, in the commencment, of No. 5, followed by No. 7, afterwards No. 61. Thrush.— One of the powders No. 6 every other night; in the in- tiervals a dessert-spoon of the mixture No. 22 three times a day; white spots to be dressed with the honey of borax. Tlc-Doloreux.- Regulate the bowels with No. 3 and take in the intervals of pain No. 31. Avoid cold, damp, and mental anxiety. Toothache. — Continue the use of No. 3 for a few alternate days. Apply liquor ammonia to reduce the pain, and when that is accom- plished, fill the decayed spots with silver succedaneum without delay, or the pain will return. A drop of creosote, or a few drops of chloro- form on cotton, applied to the tooth, or a few grains of camphor placed in the decayed opening, or camphor moistened with turpentine, will often afford instant relief. Typhus Fever.— Sponging the body with cold or tepid water, a well-ventilated apartment, cold applications to the head or temples. Aperients No. 4, with refrigerants No. 9; tonics No. 16 in the stage of debility. Water on theBrain. — Local bleeding by means of leeches, blisters, aperients No. 5, and mercurial medicines No. 18. Whites.— The mixture No. 43, with the injection No. 44. Cloth- ing light but warm, moderate exercise in the open air. USEFUL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THOSE WHO PREFER THE " OLD SCHOOL" PRACTICE. PRESCRIPTIONS.*— The following prescriptions, originally de- rived from various prescribers' Pharmacopoeias, embody the favorite remedies employed by the most eminent physicians: 1. Take of powdered aloes, 9 grs.; extract of colocy nth, com- pound, 18 grs.; calomel, 9 grs.; tartrate of antimony, 2 grs.; mucilage, sufficient to make a mass, which is to be. divided into 6 pills; 3 to be taken every 24 hours, till they act thoroughly on the bowels : in cases of inflammation, apoplexy, etc. 2. Powdered rhubarb, Socotrine aloes, and gum mastich, each 1 scr. ; make into 12 pills: 1 before and 1 after dinner. 3. Compound extract of colocynth, extract of jalap, and caatile soap, of each 1 scr.; make into 12 pills. 4. James's po'.\ der, 5 grs. ; calomel, 3 grs : in fevers, for adults. For children, the following: powdered camphor. 1 scr.; calomel and powdered scammony, of each 9 grs. ; James's powder, 6 grs. ; mix and divide into 6 powders. Half of 1 powder twice a day for an infant a * These to be used in the Cases enumerated under the head " Diseases.' 368 Appendix to Medical Department. year old ; a whole powder for 3 years ; and for 4 years, the same 3 times a day. 5. James's powder, 6 grs. ; powdered jalap, 10 grs. ; mix, and divide into 3 or 4 powders, according to the child's age: in one powder if for an adult. 6. Powdered rhubarb, 4 grs. ; mercury and chalk, 3 grs.; ginger in powder, 1 gr.: an alterative aperient for children. 7. Dried sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs.; sulphate of soda, 3drs.; infusion of senna, 7 ozs. ; tincture of jalap, and compound tincture oi cardamoms, each ^^ oz. in acute diseases generally; take 2 table- spoons every 4 hours till it operates freely. 8. Nitrate of potass, 1^ drs.; spirits of nitric ether, 3>^ oz ; cam- phor mixture, and the spirit of mindererus, each 4 ozs. : in feversi, etc. ; two table-spoons 3 times a day, and for children a dessert-spoon every four hours. 9. Spirit of nitric ether, 3 drs.; dilute nitric acid, 2 drs.; syrup, 3 drs.; camphor mixture, 7 ozs. : in fevers, etc., with debility; dose as last. 10. Spirit of mindererus and camphor mixture of each 33^ ozs.; wine of antimony, 13^ drs.; wine of ipecacuanha, l)^drs. ; S3'^rup of tolu, 3^ oz. : dose as last. 11. Decoction of broom, "% P^-^ cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; tincture squills, 2 drs.: in dropsies; a third part 3 times a day. 12. Pills of soap and opium, 5 grs. for a dose, as directed. 13. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, 7 to 12 grs. for a dose, as directed. 14. Battley's solution of opium, from 10 to 40 drops; camphor mixture, \}/^ ozs: in a draught at bedtime. 15. Ammoniated tincture of valerian, 6 drs.; camphor mixture, 7ozs. : a fourth part three times a day; in spasmodic and hysterical disorders. 16. Disulphate of quina, 3^ dr.; dilute sulphuric acid, 20 drops; compound infusion of roses, 8 ozs.: two table-spoons every 4 hours, in intermittent and other fevers, during the absence of the paroxysm. 17. Almond mixture, 1% ozs.; wine of antimony and ipecacuan- ha, of each 13^ drs.: a table-spoon every 4 hours; in cough with fever, etc. 1§. Calomel, 1 gr. ; powdered white sugar, 2 grs. ; to make a powder to be placed on the tongue every two or three hours. Should the calomel act on the bowels, powdered kino is to be substituted for the sugar. 19. Antimony and ipecacuanha wines of each 1 oz. ; a tea-spoon every ten minutes till it vomits; but for an adult a large table-spoon to be taken. 20. Compound infusion of roses, 7 ozs. ; tincture of myrrh, 1 oz. 21. Decoction of bark, 6 ozs. ;* aromatic confection,! dr.; tinc- ture of opium, 5 drops. 22. Infusion of orange peel, 7 ozs. ; tincture of hops, 3^oz. ; and 1 dr. carbonate of soda ; two table-spoons twice a day. Or, infusion of valerian, 7 ozs.; carbonate of ammonia, 2 scrs.; compound tincture of bark, 6 drs. ; spirits of ether, 2 drs. : one table-spoon every twenty- four hours. 23. Blue pill, 4 grs. ; opium, '% gr.; to be taken 3 times a day. 24. For a Clyster. — A pint and a half of gruel or fat broth, 1 table-spoon of castor oil, 1 of common salt, and a lump of butter; mix, to be injected slowly. A third of the quantity enough for an infant. Appendix to Medical Department 369 25. Chalk mixture, 7 ozs. ; aromatic and opiate confections, of each 1 dr. ; tincture of catechu, 6 drs. ; two table-spoons every two hours. 26. Carbonate of soda, powdered rhubarb, and castile soap, each 1 dr.; make 36 pills ; three twice a day. 27. Lotion. — Common salt, 1 oz. ; distilled water, 7 ozs. ; spirits of wine, 1 oz. ; mix. 28. Dried sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; heavy carbonate of maffnesia, 2drs. ; wine of colchicum, 2 drs. ; water, 8 ozs.; take two table-spoons every four hours. 29. Compound powder of ipecacuanha, 10 grs. ; powdered guaio um, 4 grs. ; in a powder at bedtime. 30. Bran dish's solution of potash; 30 drops twice a day in a wine glass of beer. 31. Disulphate of quina, 3^ dr. ; dilute sulphuric acid, 10 drops; compound infusion of roses, 8 ozs. ; tWo table-spoons every four hours, and as a tonic in the stage of weakness succeeding fever. 32. Flowers of sulphur, 2 ozs.; hog's lard, 4 ozs.; white helle- bore powder, J^ oz. ; oil of lavender, 60 drops. 33. Hydriodate of potass, 2 drs. ; distilled water, 8 ozs. 34. Flowers of sulphur, 3^ dr ; carbonate of soda, 1 sen; tartar- ized antimony, ^^ gr.; one powder, night and morning, in eruptions of the skin or face. 35. Milk of bitter almonds, 7 ozs. ; bichloride of mercury, 4 grs.; spirits of rosemary, 1 oz. ; bathe the eruption with this lotion three times a day. 36. Sulphate of zinc, 2 scrs.; sugar of lead, 15 grs.; distilled ivater, 6 ozs. ; the parts to be washed with the lotion two or three times u day. 37. Carbonate of iron, 6 grs. ; powdered rhubarb, 4 grs. ; one powder night and morning. 38. Elecampane powder, 2 ozs.; sweet fennel-seed powder, 3 ozs.; black pepper powder, 1 oz. ; purified honey, and brown sugar, of each 2 ozs.: the size of a nutmeg two or three times a day. 39. Sulphate of zinc, 12 grs. ; wine of opium, 1 dr. ; rose water, 6 ozs. 40. Common salt, 1 oz. ; water, 4 ozs. ; spirits of wine and vine- gar, each 2 ozs. ; the parts to be bathed or rubbed with this lotion frequently. 41. Spirits of wine and distilled vinegar, each 1 oz.; rose water, 6 ozs.; the parts to be kept constantly damp with the lotion. 42. Linseed oil and lime water, equal quantities; anoint the in- jured parts freely with a feather. 43. Sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; sulphate of iron, 10 grs. ; diluted sulphuric acid, 40 drops ; tincture of cardamoms (compound), 34 oz. ; water, 7 ozs. ; a fourth part night and morning. 44. Decoction of oak bark, 1 pt. ; dried alum, 3^ oz. ; for an in- jection, a syringe ful to be used night and morning. 45. Compound gamboge pill, and a pill of assafoetida and aloes, of each 3^ dr. ; make 12 pills; two twice or three times a week. 46. Griffiths's mixture — one table-spoon three times a day. 47. Ergot of rye, 5 grs. ; in a powder, to be taken every 4 hours. 48. Powdered opium, 34 gr. ; camphor, 2 grs.; in a pill; to be taken every three or four hours while in pain. 49. Balsam of copaiba, % oz. ; powdered cubebs, 34 oz. ; solution of potass, 3 drs.; powdered acacia, 2 drs. ; laudanum, 20 drops; cinna- mon water, 7 ozs. ; one table-spoon three times a day. 370 Appendix to Medical Department* 50. Tartarized antimony, 2 grs. ; sulphate of magnesia, 6 drs. ; nitrate of potass, 1 dr. ; compound tincture of cardamoms, % oz. ; water, 3 ozs. . 51. Lime water, 2 ozs. ; calomel, 1 scr. ; make a lotion, to be ap- plied by means of soft lint. 52. Blue pill, 5 grs. ; powdered opium, % gr. ; two pills at night and one in the morning. 53. Biniodide of mercury, 2 grs. ; hydriodate of potass, 1 dr. ; ex- tract of sarsaparilla, 1 oz. ; water, 8 ozs. ; one table-spoon three times a day. 54. Sulphate of zinc, 24 grs., in a wine glass of water; to be given for an emetic, and repeated if necessary. 55. Dill water, 11^ ozs. ; volatile tincture of valerian, 20 drops; tincture of castor, 1 dr. ; spirits of sulphuric ether, 20 drops; make a draught, to be taken three times a day. 56. Syrup of poppies, oxymel of squills, of each 1 oz. ; solution of potass, 2 drs. ; a tea-spoon frequently. 57. Syrup of balsam of tolu, 2 ozs. ; the muriate of morphia, 2 grs. ; muriatic acid, 20 drops; a tea-spoon twice a day. 5§. Salts of tartar, 2 scrs. ; powdered cochineal, 20 grs. ; honey, 1^ lb. ; water, 3^ pt. ; boll, and give a table-spoon three times a day. 59. Calomel, 10 grs. ; castile soap, extract of jalap, extract of colocynth, of each 1 scr. ; oil of juniper, 5 drops; make into fifteen pills ; one three times a day. 60. Infusion of orange peel, 8 ozs. ; carbonate of soda, 1 dr. ; and compound tincture of cardamoms, 3^oz. ; take a table-spoon three times a day, succeeding the pills. 61. Carbonate of iron, 3 ozs.; syrup of ginger, sufficient to make an electuary ; a tea-si)Oon three times a day. 62. Take of castile soap, compound extract of colocynth, com- pound rhubarb pill, and the extract of jalap, of each 1 scr. ; oil of car- ravvay, 10 drops; make into 20 pills, and take one after dinner every day while necessary. 63. Spirit of rosemary, five parts ; spirit of wine, or spirit of turpentine, 1 part. 64. Take of thick mucilage, 1 oz. ; castor oil, 12 drs. ; make into an emulsion; add mint water, 4 ozs.; spirit of nitre, 3 drs. ; lauda- num, 1 dr.; mixture of squills,! dr. ; and syrup, 7 drs.; mix; two table-spoons every six hours. MEDICINES (Aperient.) — In the spring time of the year the judicious use of aperient medicines is much to be commended. Spring Aperients. — For children an excellent medicine is — 1. Brimstone and molasses, prepared by mixing an ounce and a half of sulphur, and half an ounce of cream-of-tartar, with eight ounces of molasses ; and, according to the age of the child, giving from a small tea-spoon to a dessert-spoon, early in the morning, two or three times a week. As this sometimes produces sickness, the following may be used : — 2. Take of powdered Kochelle salts one drachm and a half, powdered jalap and powdered rhubarb, each fifteen grains, ginger, two grains ; mix. Dose for a child above five years, one small tea-spoon ; above tei\ years, a large tea spoon ; above fifleen, half the whole, or two tea-spoons ; and for a person above twenty, three tea-spoons, or the whole, as may be required by the habit of the person. This medicine may be dissolved in warm water, mint, or common tea. The powder can be kept for use in a wide-mouthed bottle, and be in readiness for any emergency. The druggist may be directed to treble or quadruple the quantities, as convenient. Appendix to Medical Department. 371 Aperient Pills. — To some adults all liquid medicines produce such nausea that pills are the only form in which aperients can be exhib- ited ; tlie following is a useful formula: — 3. Take of compound rhubarb pill a drachm and one scruple, of powdered ipecacuanha ten grains, and of extract of hyoscyamus one scruple ; mix, and beat into amass, and divide into twenty-four pills: take one or two, or if of a Ycry costive habit, three at bedtime.— -4. For persons requiring a more powerful aperient, the same formula, with twenty grains of compound extract of colocynth, will form a good purgative pill. Tha mass re- ceiving this addition must be divided into thirty, instead of twenty- four pills. Black Draught. — 5. The common aperient medicine known as black draught is made in the following manner: Take of senna leaves six drachms, bruised ginger, half a drachm, sliced licorice root four drachms, Epsom salts, two and a half ounces, boiling water, half an imperial pint. Keep this standing on the hob or near the fire for three hours, then strain, and after allowing it to grow cool, add of sal- volatile one drachm and a half, of tincture of senna, and of tincture of cardamoms, each half an ounce. (This mixture will keep a long time in a cool place.) Dose, a wine glass for an adult ; and two table-spoons for young persons about fifteen years of age. It is not a suitable med- icine for children. Tonic Aperient. — 6. Take of Epsom salts one ounce, diluted sul- phuric acid, one drachm, infusion of quassia chips, half an imperial pint, compound tincture of rhubarb, two drachms. Half a wine glass for a dose twice a day. Infants' Aperient. — 7. Take of rhubarb, five grains, magnesia, three grains, white sugar, a scruple, grey powder, five grains; mix. Dose, for an infant from twelve to eighteen months of age, from one- third to one-half of the whole. —8. A useful laxative for children is composed of calomel, five grains, and sugar a scruple, made into five powders ; half of one of these for a child from birth to one year, and a whole one from that age to three years. Flour of Brimstone is a mild aperient in doses of about a quarter of an ounce ; it is best taken in milk. Flour of brimstone, which is also called sublimed sulphur, is generally put up in ounce packages. Medicines — Preparations of. — The following directions are of the utmost value in connection with the Domestic Pharmacopoea, Diseases, Prescriptions, and Poisons. They will he found most important to emi- grants, attendants upon the sick, and persons who reside out of the reach of medical aid, sailors, etc., etc. They contain instructions not only for the compounding of medicines, but most useful hints and cautions upon the application of leeches, blisters, poultices, etc. Articles Required for Mixing Medicines.— Three glass measures, one to measure ounces, another to measure drachms, and a measure for minims, drops, or small doses. A pestle and mortar, both of glass and Wedgewood-ware, a glass funnel, and glass stirring rods. A spatula, or flexible knife, for spreading ointments, making pills, etc. A set of scales and weights. A small slab of marble, slate, or porcelain, for mak- ing pills upon, mixing ointments, etc. Medicine Weights and Measures. — Weights. — When you open your box containing the scales and weights, you will observethat there are several small pieces of brass, of diflerent sizes and thicknesses, and stamped with a variety of characters These are the weight.-, which we will now explain. 372 Appendix to Medical Departmeut. Medicines are made up by Troy weight, although drugs are bought by avoirdupois weight, and of course you know that there are only twelve ounces to the pound troy, which is marked ft. ; then each ounce, which contains eight drachms, is marked ^i. ; each drachm, containing three scruples, is marked ^i. ; and each scruple of twenty f rains is marked ^i. The grain weights are marked by little circles Grains, signifying a grain. Each of the grain weights, in addition to ^ o the circles denoting their several weights, bears also the o stamp of a crown. Care must be taken not to mistake this for one of the numerals. Besides these weights you will find others marked ^ss, which means half a scruple ; ^ss, meaning half a drachm; and ^ss, meaning half an ounce. "When there are ounces, drachms, or scruples, the number of them is shown by Roman figures, thus: — i. 11. lii. iv. v., etc., and prescriptions are written in this style. Measures. — Liquid medicines are measured by the following table: 60 minims .1 ^1 fluid drachm. 8 fluid drachms . ( ) 1 fluid ounce. 16 fluid ounces . f are contained in j 3 pint. 8 pints . . ) ( 1 gallon. And the signs which distinguish each are as follows: c. means a gal- lon ; 0. a pint; ^^, a fluid ounce ; ^5, a fluid drachm ; and m, a minim, or drop. Formerly drops used to be ordered, but as the size of a drop must necessarily vary, minims are always directed to be employed now for any particular medicine, although for such medicines as oil of cloves, essence of ginger, etc., drops are frequently ordered. In order that we may measure medicines Accurately, there are graduated glass vessels for measuring ounces, drachms, and minims. When proper Measures are not at hand, it is necesqary to adopt some other method of determining the quantities requirea, and therefore we have drawn up the following table for that purpose: A tumbler A tea-cup A wine glass A table-spoon A dessert-spoon . . . A tea-spoon > usually contains about { 10 ounces. 6 2 4 drachms. 2 1 " These quantities refer to ordinary sized spoons and vessels. Some cups hold half as much more, and some table-spoons contain 6 drachms. Many persons keep a medicine-glass, which is graduated so as to shown the number of spoons it contains. Process of Making Medicines.— To Powder Substances. — Place the substance in the mortar, and strike it gently with direct per- pendicular blows of the pestle, until it separates into several pieces, then remove all but a small portion, which bruise gently at flrst, and rub the pestle round and ro\md the mortar, observing that the circles described by the pestle should gradually decrease in diameter, and then increase again, because by this means every part of the powder is subjected to the process of pulverization. In powdering substances, making emulsions, and whenever using a mortar, the pestle should always tv^\e\from the right to the left. Some substances require to be prepared in a particular manner before they can be powdered, or to be assisted by adding some other body. For example, camphor powders more easily when a few drops of spirits of wine are added to it; mace, nutmegs, and such oily aro- Appendix to Medical Department. 373 matic substances are better for tlie addition of a little wnue sugar; resins and gum-resins should be powdered in a cold place, and if they are intended to be dissolved, a little fine, well-washed white sand mix- with tiieni assists the process of powdering. Tough roots, like gentian and calumba, should be cut into thin slices; and fibrous roots, like ginger, cut slanting, otherwise the powder will be full of small fibres, vegetable matters require to be dried before they are powdered, such as peppermint, loosestrife, senna, etc. Bb careful not to pound too hard in a glass, porcelain, or Wedgewood-ware mortar; they are intended only for substances that pulverize easily, and for the purpose of mixing or incorporating med- icines. Never use acids in a marble mortar, and be sure that you do not powder galls or any other astringent substances in any but a brass mortar. Sifting is frequently required for powdered substances, and this is usually done by employing a fine sieve, or tying the powder up in a piece of muslin, and striking it against the left hand over a piece of paper. Filtering is frequently required for the purpose of obtaining clear fluids, such as infusions, eye-washes, and other medicines; and it is, therefore, highly important to know how to perform this simple operation. We must first of all make the filter paper; this is done by taking a square sheet of white blotting paper, and doubling it over, so as to form an angular cup. We next procure a piece of wire, twist it into a form to place the funnel in, to prevent it passing to far into the neck of the bottle. Open out the filter paper very carefully, and hav- ing placed it in the funnel, moisten it with a little water. Then place the wire in the space between the funnel and the bottle, and pour the liquid gently down the side of the paper, otherwise the fluid is apt to burst the paper. Maceration is another process that is frequently required to be performed in making up medicines, and consists simply in immersing the medicines in cold water or spirits for a certain time. Digestion i*esembles maceration, except that the process is assist- ed by a gentle heat. The ingredients are placed in a flask, such as salad oil is sold in, which should be fitted with a plug of tow or wood, and have a piece of wire twisted round the neck. The flask is held by means of the wire over the flame of a spirit lamp, or else placed in some sand warmed in an old iron saucepan over the fire, care being taken not to place more of the flask below the sand than the portion occupied by the ingredients. IKFUSION is one of the most frequent operations required in mak- ing up medicines, its object being to extract the aromatic and volatile principles of substances, that would be lost by decoction or digestion; and to extract the soluble from the insoluble parts of bodies. Infusions may be made with cold water, in which case they are weaker, but more pleasant. The general method employed consists in slicing, bruising, or rasping the ingredients first, then placing them in a common jug (which should be as globular as possible), and pouring boiling water over them ; cover the jug with a cloth folded six or eight times, but if there be a lid to the jug so much the better; when the infusion has stood the time directed, hold a piece o(very coarse linen over the spout, and pour the liquid through it into another jug. Decoction, or boiling, is employed to extract the mucilaginous or gummy parts of substances, their bitter, astringent, or other quali- ties, and is nothing more than boiling the ingredients in a saucepan 374 Appendix to Medical Department. with the lid slightly raised. Be sure never to use an iron saucepan for astrinoent decoctions, such as oak bark, galls, etc., as they will turn the saucepan black, and spoil tlie decoction. The enamelled saucepans are very useful for dfcoctior.s, but an excellent plan is to put the in- gredients into a jar and boil the jar, thus preparing it by a water bath, as it is technically termed; or by using a common pipkin, which answers still better. No decoction should be allowed to boil for more than ten minutes. Extracts are made by evaporating the liquors obtained by in- fusion or decoction, but these can be bought much cheaper and better of chemists and druggists, and so can tinctures, confections, cerates, and phisters, and sjnups; but as every one is not always in the neigh- borliood of druggists, we shall give recipes for those most generally useiul. and the method of making them. PRECALTIOXS TO BE OBSERVED IX GITING MEDICINES— Sex. — .♦iedieines for females should not be so strong :>s those for males, iher o e, it is advisable to reduce the doses about one-third. Teniperameiit. — Persons of a pulegmatic temperament bear stim- ulants and purgatives better than those of a sanguine temperament, theretoie the latter require smaller doses. UabitSf — Purgatives never act so well upon persons accustomed to take them as upon those who are not, therefore it is better to change the form of purgative from pill to potion, powder to draught, or aro- matic to saline. Purgatives should never be given when there is an irritable state of the bovvels. Stimulants and Narcotics never act so quickly upon persons accustomed to use spirits freely as upon those who live abstemiously. Climate. — The actions of medicines is modified by climate and seasons. In summer, certain medicines act more powerfully than in winter, and the same person cannot bear the dose in July that he could in December. General Health. — Persons whose general health is good, bear stronger doses than the debilitated and tliose who have sufiered for a long time. Idiosyncrasy. — Walker's Dictionary will inform you that "idio- syncrasy " means a peculiar temperament or disposition not common to people generally. For example, some persons cannot take calomel in the smallest dose without being salivated, or rhubarb without having convulsions; otheis cannot take squills, opium, senna, etc., and this peculiarity is called the patient's idiosyncrasy, therefore, it is wrong to inaiat upon their taking these medicines. Forms Best Suited Ibr Administration. — Fluids act quicker than solids, and powders sooner than pills. Best Method of Preventing: the Nauseons Taste of Medicines.— Castor oil nuiy be taken in milk, cottee, or spirits, such as brandy; but the best method of covering the nauseous flavor is to put a table->poon of strained orange juice in a wine glass, pour the castor oil into the center of the juice, and then squeeze a few drops of the lemon juice upon the top of the oil. Cod liver oil may be taken, like castor oil, in orange juice. Peppermint water almost neutralizes the nauseous taste of Epsom salts; a strong solution of the extract of licorice, that of aloes; milk thiit of cinchona bark; and cloves of senna. An excellent way to prevent the taste of medicines is to have the medicine in a glass, as usual, and a tumbler of water by the side of it; take the medicine, and retain it in the mouth, which should be kept closed, and if you then commence drinking the water, the taste of Appendix to Medical Department* 375 the medicine is washed avray. Even the bitterness of quinine and aloes may be prevented by this means. If the nostrils are tirraly com- pressed by the thumb and fint^er of the left hand, while taking a nau- seous draught, and so retained till the mouth has been washed out with water, the disagreeable taste of the medicine will be quite unper- ceived. Giving Medicines to Persons. — Medicines should be given in such a manner that the effect of the first dose shall not have ceased when the next dose is given, therefore the intervals between the doses should be res^ulated accordingly. Doses of Medicine for Diiferent Ages. — It must be plain to every one that children do not require such powerful medicine as adults or old people, and therefore it is desirable to have some fixed method of determining or regulating the administration of doses of medicine. Now we will suppose that the dose for a full-grown person is one drachm, then the following proportions will be suitable for the vari- ous ages given; keeping in view other circumstances, such as sex, temperament, habits, climate, state ot general healthy and idiosyncrasy. AGE. 7 Weeks* 7 Months Under 2 years. Under 3 years. UJider 4 years. Under 7 years. Under 14 years. Under 20 years. Above 21 years. Above 65 years. Proportion. Proportionate Dose. one-fifteenth or grains 4 one-twelfth or grams 5 one-eighth or grams 7K one-sixth or grains 10 one-fourth or grains 15 one-third or scruple 1 one-half or drachm H two-fifths or scruple 2 the full dose or drachm 1 the inverse gradation USEFUL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THOSE WHO PREFER THE "OLD SCHOOL " PRACTICE. ARRANGED UNDER THE HEADS OF APERIENTS, PURGATIVES, EXPECTORANTS DIAPHORETICS, ANTACIDS, AND STOMACHICS, ASTRINGENT, AND TONICS. There are several prescriptions given in each section, embracine mixtures, pills, and powders, which vvrill be found suited to almost every distinctive phase in the affec- tion lor which they are given : thus, under Expectorants, " Cough," medicines will be found to produce sedative, stimulating, or relaxing effects. Aperient Pills. Purgative Pills. (Mild, for Females.) No. 1. Take of— Compound extract of col- ocynth 3^ dr. Blue pill 1« grs. Extract of henbane 12 grs. Oi 1 of caraways 6 drops. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one to be taken at bedtime,and another in tho morning, if necessary. No. 2. Take of— Pil.Rufi 2 scrs. Extract aloes 10 grs. Extract of hemlock... 15 grs. Oil of juniper 6 drops. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one or two for a dose, when necessary. No. 3. Take of— Compound assafcetida pill , 1 scr. Pil. Rufi 20 grs. Extract of henbane. ... 1 scr. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one or two to be taken as a dose, as re- quired. No. 4. Take of— Compound rhubarb pill 30 grs. Compound colocynth pill 30 grs. Oil of peppermint 6 drops. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one to be taken for a dose night and morn- ing, as needed. No. 5. Take of— Extract of colocynth compound 1 scr. Bluepill 1 scr. Extract of henbane ... 1 scr. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one or two to be taken for a dose. (Strong, for Men.) No. 1. Take of Powdered aloes 18 grs. Powdered colocynth... 15 grs. Calomel 18 grs. Scammony powder 15 grs. Oil of cloves 5 drops. Mix, and make into twelve pills : two or three to be taken at once, accord- ing to the action required. No. 2. Take of— Compound extract of colocyntli 2 scrs. Blue pill 1 scr. Oil of caraways 6 drops. Croton oil 2 drops. Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one, two, or three to be taken, according to circumstances. No. .S. Take of— Po wiiered aloes 24 grs. Powdered gamboge 12 grs. Powdered colocynth. . . 12 grs. Powdered scammony. 10 grs. Calomel 15 grs. Oil of peppermint 6 drops. Mix, and aivide into twelve pills : two to be taken at bedtime, and one in tne nxornlng, if necessary. No. 4. Take of— Compound colocynth pill 2 scrs. Bluepill 1 scr. Castile soap 12 grs. Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one, two, or three for a dose, as required. No. 5. Take of— Powdered scammony. yc dr. Calomel i scr. Extract of colocynth . . 1 scr. Oil of cinnamon .... 4 drops. Castile soap 15 grs. Mix, and divide into fifteen pills: two to be taken for a dose. These will b« Appendix to Medical Department. 377 found a safe and effectual pill in all cases where a strong laxative is re- quired. Expectorants. Cough PiUs. No. 1. Take of— Powdered squills 12 grs. Powdered ipecacuanha 18 grs. Powdered ginger 12 grs. Extract ol hemlock... J^ dr. Mix, and divide into twelve pills: one to be taken three times a day. No. 2. Take of— Powd'daramoniacum. 24 grs. Powdered squills 10 grs. Powdered ipecacuanha 10 grs. Antimonial powder... 18 grs. Extract of henbane. ... 1 scr. Mix, and divide into fifteen pills: one to be taken every six hours. No. 8. Take of— Powdered camphor 20 grs. Powdered opium 6 grs. Powdered squills 12 grs. Antimonial powder... 18 grs. Extractor liemlock 15 grs. Oil of anise-seed 6 drops. Mix, and divide into twelve pills : one to be taken night and morning, or three times a day. No. 4. Take of— Balsam of tola 1 dr. Divide into fifteen pills: one to be taken every four or six hours. No. 5, Take of— Powdered guaiacum... 1 scr. , Powd'd ammoniacum. 1 scr Powdered camphor 10 grs. Powdered opium 4 grs. Benzoic acid 10 grs. Carbonate of ammonia 12 grs. Mix thoroughly, and make into a mass witu— Extract of henbane. , 1 scr. and divide into twenty pills : one to be taken every four hours when the cough is hard and the chest oppressed. Cough Mixtures. For asthmatic patients, and per- sons advanced in life. No. 1. Take of— Carbonate of ammonia ]4 dr. Dover's powder 2 scrs. Camphor water, to make 6 ozs. Syrup of squills }4 oz. Spirits of nitre 3' drs. Mix : a table-spoon to be taken every three or four hours, and when there is much wakefulness two table-spoons at bedtime. No. 2. Take of— Gum ammoniacum 1 dr. Peppermint water, enough for 6 ozs. Corbonate of ammonia 1 scr. Make an emulsion, and add — Friar's balsam 3 drs. Laudanum 1 dr. Mix a table-spoon whenever the cough is troublesome. No. 3. Take of— Vinegar of squills. 1 oz. Tincture of tolu 2 drs. Antimonial wine y^ oz. Mint water, to make.. 6 oz. Syrup of red poppy ... 3^ oz. Spts. of sulphuric ether 1 dr. Mix: a table-spoon every three or four hours. The following mixtures will suit any condition of cough, and may be taken in any case requiring medicines of this nature. No. 4. Take of— Almond confection. ... 2 drs. Warm water 4 ozs. Make an emulsion, and add — Spirits of mindererus. 1 oz. Syrup of tolu y^ oz. Wine of ipecacuanha. . 2 drs. . Spirits of nitre 2 drs. Mix: two table-spoons three times a day, or one spoon every three hours. No. 5. Take of— Mucilage IJ^ oz. Syrup of squills J^ oz. Syrup Ol tolu J^ oz. Paregoric 1 oz. Spirits of nitre 2 drs. Mint water enough to make a 6-ounce mixture : one table- spoon to be taken when the cough is troublesome, and two at bedtime. No. 6. Take of— Compound tragacanth powder 2 drs. Warm water 3 ozs. Spirits of mindererus. 6 drs. Syrup of tolu . . y^ oz. Syrup of squills 2 drs. Paregoric i^ oz. Spirits of nitre 3 drs. Mint water 2)^ ozs. Mix : two table-spoons for a dose, to be taken as often as necessary. 378 Appendix to Medical Department. No 7. Take of— Horehound leaves 1 oz. Licorice root J^ oz. Boiling water 10 ozs. Infuse In a sauce-pan by the fire for six hours, then boil for ten minutes, strain, and sweeten with moist suuar, finally add to 10 ounces of the liquid- Syrup of squills 2 ozs. and— Laudanum 2 drs. Mix, and make a 12 ounce mixture, of which two table-spo«ns are to be tak- en three times a day. No. 8. Take of— Ammoniacum 1 dr. Carbonate ol potass. ... 2 drs. Camphor water 4}^ ozs. Mix, and add— Syrup of squills 6 drs. Spirits of nitre ^ oz. Autimonial wine 3 drs. Mix: a table-spoon whenever the cough is troublesome. No. 9. Take of- Powdered nitre 2 scrs. Ipecacuanha powder.. 10 grs. Mint water 3 ozs. Mix, and add— Mucilage 1 oz. Syrup of tolu H oz. Spirits of mindererus. 13^ ozs. Mix: two table-spoons to be taken 3 times a day. No. 10. Take of— Marsh mallow root, bruised or cut small, 1 oz. Horehound 1 oz. Licorice root — 1 oz. Carbonate of potass.. . 2 drs. Boiling water 1 pint. Boil slowly for two hours, strjiin, and sweeten witli honey or un)ist sugar, and take half a wine glass three or four times a day. dlaphoketic or sweating Medicines. No. 1. Take of— Dover's powder 10 grs. To be taken at bedtime in a little gruel. No. 2. Take of— Dover's powder 30 grs. Antimonial powder... 12 grs. Calomel 9 grs. Mix,and divide into six powders: one to be taken every four or six liours in a little gruel. These are serviceable powders to keep up a steady action on the skin. No. 3. Take of— Powdered nitre 1 Rcr. Camphor water V/^ ozs. Spirits ot mindererus. 12 drs, Anliraoniai wine 2 drs. Spirits of sweet nitre.. 2 drs. Syrup of saffron 3 dis Mix : the fourth part to be taken at bedtime, night and morning, or three times a day. No. 4. Take of— Carbonate of ammonia 30 grs. Guaicum powder 1 scr. Camphor water 6U ozs. Laudanum 1 dr. Syrup of saffron 3 drs. Mix: two table-spoons three times a day, or the fourili part night and morning. Antacids, for Acidity in the Stomach. No. 1. Take of— Caustic liquor of potass \y% drs. Laudanum 30 drops. Lime water 6 ozs. Mix: one table-spoon in a little water, to be taken every four hours. No. 2. Take of— Prepared chalk 3 drs. Calcined magnesia — 2 drs. Lime water 6 ozs. Caustic liquor of potass 1 dr. Mix : one table-spoon in a little water, every thi'ee hours. No. 3. Take of— Bicarbonate of potass. 1 dr. Bicarbonate of soda... J^ dr. Carbonate of ammonia 1 scr. Infusion of calumba. . . 6 ozs. Mix : two table-spoons twice a day, or I one spoon every tliree liours. This is I a good antacid and stomachic. No. 4. Take of— Gregory's powder 3 drs. Carbonate ot soda 1 dr. Mix, and divide into six powders: one to be taken in peppermint water two or three times a day. No. 5. Take o:— Dried carbonate of soda 2 scrs. Rliubarb powder 12 grs. Ginge* poM'der 12 grs. Soap, j^ellow enough to make a mass, which divide into six- teen pills : one to be taken before each meal, or two night and morning. Appendix to Medical Department, 379 Astringents, or Medicines for Diarrhea or Relaxation. No. 1. Take of— Prepared chalk 3 drs. Aromatic confection.. 2 drs. Miat water— to make. 6 ozs, Sal-volatile, spirit IJ^ drs. Mix: two table-spoons every three hours till the bowels become more easy. No, 2. Take of— Infusion of roses h}A ozs. Powdered alum 1 dr. Syrup of red poppy H oz. Mix : one or two table-spoons as often as required. No. 3. Take of— Decoction of oak bark, 5J4 ozs. Electuary of catechu ''Terra Japonica" 3 drs. Tincture of bark 4 drs. Mix: two table-spoons every four hours. No. 4. Take of— Prepared chalk 2 drs. Powdered Rhubarb ^ dr. Aromaiic confection.. \% drs. Tincture of rhubarb ... ^ oz. Cinnamon water 5}4 ozs. Mix : two table-spoons 3 times a day. No. 5. Take of— Aromatic confection .. 1 dr. .Electuary of catechu.. 2 drs. Peppermint water— to 6 ozs. Tincture of catechu... y^ oz. Tincture of assalcjetida, 30 drops. Laudanum 40 drops. Mix :• take two table-spoons every 3 or 4 hours. This isa very useful mixture when the relaxation is attended with pain, flatulence, and colic griping. No, 6. Take of— Tincture of kino 1 oz. The fourth part to be taken In a little sugar and water in a wine-glass every two hours till the diarrhea is subdued. This is one of the most gen- erally useful astringents, and one of the simplest, both for adult and child, that can be used, from ten drops to a tea-spoon, in a little syrup, may be given to a child from one to six years of age, repeating the dose if required . See article "Kino." Tonics. No. 1. Take of— Infusion of roses 6 ozs. Quinine 1 scr. Diluted sulphuric acid, 40 drops. Mix : one table-spoon to be taken 3 or 4 times a day. No. 2. Take of either— Infusion of gentian and orange peel Infusion of calumba and lemon peel Infusion of quassia and cascarilla Infusion of oak bark and cloves 5^^ ozs. Carbonate of ammonia 1 scr. Bicarbonate of potass. 1 dr. Compound tincture of bark J^ oz. Mix : two table-spoons 3 times a day. No. 3. Take of— Hops 2 drs. Orange peel 2 drs. Boiling water 7 ozs. Infuse, strain, and add— Tincture of bark 6 drs. Spirits of sal-volatile... 2 drs. Mix: one table-spoon to be taken every 3 hours. No. 4. Take of— Infusion of quassia... 5^^ ozs. Tincture of ginger 2 drs. Tincture of the muriate of i ron 1)^ drs. Mix : one table-spoon in a little water times a day. No. 5. Take of— Calumba root 2 drs. Cardamom seeds,bruised 1 dr. Ginger root 1 dr. Boiling water 8 ozs. Infuse and strain. Diluted nitro-muriatic acid 40 drops. Mix : one table-spoon to be mixed witii three of water, and takeu every 6 hours, No. 6. Take of— Quinine 2 scrs. Gingerpowder 1 scr. Extract of gentian, soft, enough to make into a mass. Divide into 20 pills ; one to be taken 1, 2, or 3 times a day, according to the effect required. Embrocations. No. 1. Take of— Compound camphor liniment IV^ ozs. Spirits of sal-volatile.. J^ oz. Mix : to be used as required. No. 2. Take of- Compound liniment. Opodeldoc. camphor 1 oz. 1 oz. Mix. 3So Appendix to Medical Department, No. 3. Take of— Opodeldoc V^oz. Laudanum J^oz. Compound camphor liniment J^oz. Mix. Either of the above forms may- be used as an embrocation to rub the throat or joints in cases of sprains, or when stimulating applications are re- quired, the last bein^ especially ser- viceable when there is much pain In the part. For hard and swollen breasts, the consequence of accumulated milk, the following prescription will be found of benefit in dispelling the tumid state of the glands : No. 4. Take of— Compound camphor lin- iment 1 oz. Spirits of sulphuric ether ^ oz. Mix: to be rubbed lightly over the breast, and then allowed to evaporate. This should not be used more than three times a day, and then merely spread over the part. Care must be taken not to use this embrocation near the fire, or the light of a candle or of gas. No. 5. Take of— Tincture of iodine 1 dr. Compound camphor liniment 9 drs Spirits of sal- volatile . . 2 drs. Mix. A good discutient embrocation in cases of scrofulous enlargement of the joints or glands. Liniments. The following applications will be found useful in all cases of sprains, chronic swellings, weakness of the joints or muscles, and in rheumatism and lumbago : Camphorated Oil. No. 6. Take of— Camphor, cut into small pieces 2 drs. Olive oil 2ozs. The oil is to be poured on the cam- phor in a bottle, and then placed, without a cork, in a moderately warm oven for an hour or two, till, on shak- ing, tlie camphor is quite dissolved ; or the bottle may be stood in a jug of hot water for the same object, that of dissolving the camphor. This prep- aration may be used alone, or in combination with other ingredients. In cases of dropsy, camphorated oil makes the best external application that can be used ; and if rubbed fre- quently over the dropsical part, and for several minutes at a time, will, by its action on the kidneys, rapidly re- duce the swelling. No. 7. Take of— Camphorated oil 2ozs. Turpentine J^ oz. Hartshorn 14 oz. Mix. A good liniment for rheuma- tism, sore throat, etc. No. 8. Take of— Camphorated oil 2 ozs. Opodeldoc 1 oz. Laudanum 1 oz. Oil of amber. 2 drs. Hartshorn 6 drs. Mix. A useful application for cases of lumbago, sprains, etc. No. 9. Take of— Mustard /^oz. Mix smoothly in a mortar with— Spirits of horseradish 2 ozs. Spirits of camphor J4 oz, Olive oil 2 ozs. Turpentine 1 oz. Hartshorn I oz. Shake well together till the whole is incorporated. A good stimulating liniment in cases of long-standing rheumatism or paralysis. This prep- aration must always be shaken before being used. No. 10. Take of— Linseed oil 2 ozs. Lime water 2 ozs. Mix by shaking together. This lini- ment, in color like the yolk of an egg, was at one time largely used in Scot- land as a dressing for burns, and is still known by the name of Carron Oil. No. 1 1. Take of— Olive oil 2 ozs. Hartshorn 1 oz. Shake together. This preparation, commonly known as hartshorn and oil, is chiefly used as an application for sore throat; when made, however, with camohorated oil instead of olive oil, the eflicacy of the liniment is very greatly increased. No. 12. Take of— Opodeldoc 1 oz. Laudanum 1 oz. Mix. This will be found a very ser- viceable liniment in neuralgia of the head and face, especially if rubbed well into the part, and a piece of pil- ine soaked with the liniment tied on over the affected nerve. Gakgles. No. 1. Astringent Gargles. Take of— Red sage 1 oz. Boiling water 10 ozs. Infuse lor 3 hours, strain, and add— Burnt alum 1 dr. Mix, and make a gargle. Appendix to Medical Department. 381 No. 2. Take of— Sage lea, made as above 8 ozs. Vinegar 2 ozs. Mix for a gargle. No. 3. Take of— Bruised oak bark 1 oz. Boiling water 11 ozs Infuse for 4 hours, strain, and add — Tincture of catecnu .... 1 oz. Mix for a gargle. No. 4. Take of— Pomegranate and oak bark, of each 6 drs. Boiling water 12 ozs. Infuse for 4 hours, strain, and add — Powdered alum 1)/^ drs. Mix, and make a gargle. No. 5. Take of— Tincture of myrrh 3^ oz. Tincture of rhatany. .. »4 oz. Tincture of kino 3^ oz. Camphor water 6^ ozs. Mix. The gargle selected should be used either every two or every four hours, or three times a day, the throat being gargled twice at each time and the process continued as long as the patient can support the want of breath. Care should be taken in all cases not to swallow the gargle, as it may act unpleasantly on the bowels. Stimulating Oargles. No. 6. Take of— Tincture of capsicum.. 2 drs. Tincture of myrrh Vi oz. Tincture of bark }4 oz. Camphor water 7 ozs. Mix. No. 7. Take of— Solution of chloride of lime „ 3dr8. Syrup of ginger I oz. Water 7ozs. Mix. No. 8. Take of— Infusion of roses 9 ozs. Syrup of roses I oz. Diluted sulphuric acid I dr. Mix. No. 9. Take of— Infusion of roses 7 ozs. Burnt alum 20 grs. Tincture of myrrh ^ oz. Simple syrup y^oz. Mix, and make a gargle. No. 10. Take of— Cayenne pepper 1 dr. Vinegar 1 pt. Macerate for three days, frequently shaking the bottle; carefully filter tlirough paper, to prevent the passage of any particle of pepper. Then take of this — Cayenne pepper 31^ ozs. Campiior water ^>| ozs. Tincture of myrrh V2 oz. Simple syrup H oz. Mix, and make a gargle, to be used in cases of malignant sore throat, in- creasing the quantity of the cayenne vinegar half an ounce every time the gargle is repeated. The above prep- aration of cayenne or capsicum vine- gar makes an excellent stimulating condiment with cold meat, useful for persons with weak or sluggish diges- tion. No. 11. Take of— Barley water 10 ozs. Diluted nitric acid 20 drops. Diluted muriatic acid. . 10 drops. Tincture of myrrh 14 07 . Simple syrup 1 oz. Mix. A good gargle when used with a little water, in cases of sloughing or phagedenic sore throat. Plain warm water, salt and water, vinegar and water, or water in wliich saltpetre or alum are dissolved, may be used as gargles in cases where sim- ple relaxing or astringent gargles are required. COLLTRIUMS, OR EtE WaTERS. Lotions for the eyes are principally of two kinds— those which relax and soothe, and those which stimulate and contract. Sedative Lotions for the Eyes. Warm water is the most universal, and certainly the simplest of all ap- plications for the eyes; care, however, must be taken that the temperature does not exceed 80° or 85°. Before proceeding to give prescrip- tions for lotions or washes for the eyes, it is necessary to observe here, that in all cases in which those deli- cate organs are aflfected, as little ac- tual contact with the part as possible should be carried on. Dabbing the eye with cloths wetted in the lotion or warm water is by many persons considered the best, indeed, the prop- er mode of procedure; this, however, is a decided mistake, and an error more likely to injure than benefit the affected organ. When fomentations are required, a piece of lint four or five times doubled to the size of the part should be soaked in the liquid ordered, and the excess of moisture pressed out, laid smoothly over the closed eye, a thin handkerchief or length of bandage being passed across 382 Appendix to Medical Department. the head merely to keep the dressings in their place ; but when the eye Is to be washed or bathed in the lotion pre- scribed, an eye-glass, a vessel made for the purpose, and of a proper shape, should always be employed. Into this species of egg-cup glass a portion of the lotioa is to be poured, till the ves- sel is full ; the lids of the affected eye are then to be separated with the thumb and finger of the left hand, aad so kept apart till the right hand has placed and fitted the glass of lo- tion to the eyebrow, the head being bent to meet it : the left-hand fingers are then to be removed, and by a gen- tle motion of the glass with the right hand, the lotion shaken over the un- covered globe of the ey^?. When the eye is ordered to be bathed every two or three hours, the process just de- scribed should be repeated two or three times on each occasion, fresh l.)tii)ii being put in the glass every two or three hours, or on each return of the prescribed time. No. 1. Take of— Three poppy heads, cut small. Water 10 ozs. Boil slowly down to 6 ounces, strain, and use lukewarm, either as a fomen- tation on lint, or as a lotion in the eye-glass. No. 2. Take of— Decoction of poppy heads as above 6 ozs. Sugar of lead 12 grs. Dissolve, and make a collyrium. No. 3. Take of— Camomile fiowers \/i oz. Water 10 ozs. Boil slowly for two hours, strain, and use the lukewarm liquid either as a fomentation or as a lotion. No. 4. Take of the— Decoction of camomile, as above 6 ozs. Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. Dissolve, and make an eye- water. No. 5. Take of— Laudanum 1 dr. Water 6ozs. Mix; make an eye lotion. No. 6. Take of— Extract of henbane.... 10 grs. Extract of hemlock ... 10 grs. Water 6 ozs. Mix, and make a soothing lotion. No. 7. Take of— Powdered opium 4 grs. Sugar of lead 10 grs. Hot water 20 ozs. Rub down, mix, and strain, to make a soothing lotion; to be used when nearly cold. Stimulating Lotions for the Eyes. No. 8. Take of— Distilled water 8 ozs. Spirits of wine 1 dr. Mix, and make a lotion. No. 9. Take of— Camphor water 6 ozs. Sulphate of zinc G grs. Dissolve. No. 10. Take of— Elder flower water 6 ozs. Sulphate of zinc 6 grs. Sugar of lead 6grs. Dissolve. No. 11. Take of— Distilled water 6 ozs. Sulphate of copper 4 grs. Dissolve. No. 12. Take of— Distilled water %ot». Lunar caustic 8 grs. Dissolve. A TABLE OF THE DOSES OF THE ARTICLES MOST FREQUENTLY EMPLOYED IN MEDICINE. Adult dose. Aloes powder 4 to 10 grs. Alum powder 10 to 20 grs. Ammonia, carbonate. . . 6 to 10 grs. Antimony powder 4 to 6 grs. Aromatic confection 10 to 20 grs. Asafoetida 2 to 5grs. Bark, Peruvian, powder 1 to 2 drs. Belladonna extract H to 1 Vj grs. Benzoic acid 6 to 10 grs. Bismuth, nitrate 5 to 10 grs. Calomel 4to 6 grs. Advlt dose. Calumba powder 2 to 6 grs. Camphor 1 to 4 grs. Catechu infusion 1 to 2 ozs. Chloroform — 3 to 10 drops Colchicum powder 3 to 8 grs. Colchicum vinegar 20 to 60 drops Colchicum wine 30 to 60 drops Colocynth extract 5 to 10 grs. Colocynth powder 4 to 8 grs. Croton oil 1 to 2 drops Cabebsoil 10 to 20 drops Appendix to Medical Department, 383 Adidt dose. Cubebs powder ^Aio 1 dr. Digitalis extract 1 to 5 grs- Dover's powder 10 grs. Elaterium ^ to 1 gr. Ergot of rye 30 to 60 grs. Galbanuni 4 to 10 grs. Gentian extract 5 to 10 grs. Gentian infusion 1 to 2 oz.s. Ginger powder 3 to 6 grs. Quaiacum powder 10 to 20 grs. Gum 2 to 3 drs. Henbane extract 10 to 15 grs. Iodine ^ to ^ grs. Iodide of potaiurpose, have insensibly acquired the stroke, taught, as it were, by nature. The prac- tice I mean is this: clioosing a place where the water deepens gradually, walk coolly into it till it is up to your breast; then turn round your face to tile shore, and throw an egg into the water between you and the shore; it will sink to the bottom, and be easily seen there if the water be clear. It must lie in the water so deep that you cannot reach to take it up but by div- ing for it. To encourage yourself in order to do tiiis, reflect that your progress will be from deep to shallow water, and that at any time you may, by bring- ing your legs under you, and standing on the bottom, raise your head far above tlie water; then plunge under it with your eyes open, which must be kept open on going under, as you cannot open your eyelids for the weight of water above you ; throwing yourself toward the egg, and endeavoring by the action of your hands and feet against the water to get forward, till within reach of it. [n this attempt you will find that the water bouys you up against your inclination; that it is not so easy to sink as you imagine, and that you caunot, but by active force, get down to the egg. Thus you feel the power of water to support you. and learn to conflde in that power, while your enrleavors toove'*corae it, and reach theegi^. teach you the manner of acting on the water with your feet and liands, which action is afterwards used in swimmiug to support your head higher above the water, or to go forward through it. "1 would the more earnestly press you to the trial of this method, be- cause I think I shall satisfy you that your body is lighter than water, and that you might float in it a long time with your mouth free for breathing, if you would put yourself into a proper posture, and would be still, and forbear struggling; yet, till you have obtained this experimental confidence in the water, I cannot depend upon your having the necessary presence of mind to recollect the posture, and the directions I gave you relating to it. The sur- prise may put all out ot your mind. " Though the legs, arms, and head of a human body, being solid parts, are specifically somewhat heavier than fresh water, as the trunk, particularly the upper part, from its hollowness, is so much lighter than water, so the Accidents and Emergencies. 395 whole of the body, taken all together, Is too light to sink wholly under water, but some part will remain above until the luugs become filled with water, wliieh happens from drawing water to them instead of air, when a person, in the frigtit, attempts breatliing while the moutli and nostrils are under water. " The legs and arms are specifically lighter than salt water, and will be supported by it, so that a human body cannot sink in salt water, though the luugs were filled as above, but from the greater specific gravity of the head. Therefore a person throwing himself on his back in salt water, ana extend- ing his arms, may easily lie so as to keep his mouth and nostrils free for breathing; and by a slight motion of his hand, may prevent turning, if he should perceive any tendency to it. " In fresh water, if a man throws himself on his back near the surface, he cannot long continue in that situation, but by proper action of his hands on the water ; if lie uses no such action, the legs and lower part of the body will gradually sink till becomes into au upright position, m which he will continoe suspended, the liollow of his breast keeping I he head uppermost. " But if in this erect position the head be kept upright above the shoulders, as when we stand on the ground, the immersion will, by the weight of that part of the head that is out of the water, reach above the mouth and nostrils. fierhaps a little above the eyes, so that a man cannot remain long suspended a water with his head in that position. "The body continuing suspended as before, and upright, if the head be leaned quite back, so that the face look upward, all the back part of the head being under water, and its weight consequently, in a great measure, supported by it, the face will remain above water quite free for breathing, will rise an inch higher every inspiration, and sink as much every expiration, but never so low as that the water may come over the mouth. " If, therefore, a person unacquainted with swimming, and falling acci- dentally into the water, could have presence of mind sufficient to avoid struggling and plunging, and to let the body take this natural position, he might continue long safe from drowning, till, perhaps, help should come ; for, as to the clothes, their additional weight when immersed is very inconsider- able, the water supporting it- though, when he comes out of the water, he will find them very heavy indeed. "But I would not advise any one to depend on having this presence of mind on such an occasion, but learn fairly to swim, as Iwishall men were taught to do in their youth ; they would, on many occasions, be the safer for having that skill; and, on many more, the happier, as free from painful apprehen- sions of danger, to say nothing of the enjoyment in so delightful and whole- some an exercise. Soldiers particularly should, methinks, all be taught to swim; it might be of frequent use, either in surprising an enemy or saving themselves; and if I had now boys to educate, I should prefer those schools (other things being equal) where an opportunity was afforded for acquiring so advantageous an art, which, once learned, is never forgotten. "I know by experience, that it is a great comfort to a swimmer, who has a considerable distance to go, to turn himself sometimes on his back, and to vary, in othei respects, the means of procuring a progressive motion. " When he is seized with the cramps in the leg, the method of driving it away is to give the parts affected a sudden, vigorous, and violent shock ; which he may do in the air as he swims on his back. *• During the great heat in summer, there is no danger in bathing, how- ever warm we may be, in rivers which have been thoroughly warmed by the sun But to throw one's self into cold spring water, when the body has been heated by exercise in the sun, is an imprudence which may prove fatal. I once knew an instance of four young men who, having worked at harvest In the heat of the day, with a view of refreshing themselves, plunged into a spring of cold water; two died upon the spot, the third next morning, and the fourth recovered with great difficulty, A copious draught of cold water. In similar circumstances, is frequently attended with the effect in North America. "The exercise of swimming is one of the most healthy and agreeable in the world. After having swam for an hour or two in the evening one sleeps coolly the whole night, even during the most ardent heat of summer. Per- haps, the pores being cleansed, the insensible perspiration increases, and oc- casions this coolness. It is certain that much swimming is tiie means of stopping diarrhoea, and even of producing a constipation. Witli respect to those who do not know how to swim, or who are affected with a diarrhoea at a season which does not permit them to use that exercise, a warm bath, by cleansing and purifying the skin, is found very salutary, and often effects a radical cure. 1 speak from my own experience, frequently repeated, and that of others, to whom I have recommended this. " When I was a boy, I amused myself one day with flying a paper kite ; and approaching the banks of a lake, which was nearly a mile broad, I tied 396 Appendix to Medical Department, the string to a stake, and the kite ascended to a considerable height above the pond, while I was swimming. In a little time, being desirous of amusing myself with my kite, and eujoylug at the same time the pleasure ot swim- ming, I returned, and loosening from the stake the string, with the little stick which was fastened lo it, went again into the water, where, I found that lying on my back, and holding the stick in my nand, I was drawn along the surface of tlie water in a very agreeable manner. Having then engaged an- other boy to carry my clothes round the pond, to a place which I pointed out to him on the other side, I began to cross the pond with my kite, which carried me quite over without the least fatigue, and with the greatest pleasure imaginable. I was only obliged occasionally to halt a little in my course, and resist its progress, when it appeared that by following too quickly, I low- ered the kite too much ; by doing which occasionally I made it rise again. I have never since that time practised this singular mode of swimming, and I think it not Impossible to cross, in this manner, from Dover to Calais." Those who prefer the aid of Belts will find it very easy and safe to make belts upon the plan explained; and by gradually reducing the floating power of the belts from day to day, they will gain confidence, and speedily acquire the art of swimming. Accidents. — They are always sudden, and most frequently occur when least anticipated; and when the person who suff"ers the injury is entirely off his guard, and the mind incapable of self-reflection, or unable to discover what to do or what to advise. Such accidents as result from fire, water, or noxious gases, will be treated of under the heads of " Burns and Scalds," ♦' Poisonous Exhalations," *' Drowning," *' Suspended Animation,"' etc. ; and only those which refer to wounds, or violence to the body, will be considered under this head. As the individual injured is seldom ever able to assist himself, there are certain properties which those who act the part of the Good Samaritan on such occasions should always be prepared to exercise, and without which the services rendered, however well-intentioned, may become more hurtful than beneficial; these are energy^ coolness and de- cision. There are accidents of daily occurrence, where many valuable lives are either endangered or sacrificed, from the want of the most ordinary prudence and reflection; and for which, had it not been for the alarm consequent on the suddenness of the accident, or the fright occasioned by the appearance of the sutt'erer, a child, in many instances, might have devised a remedy. Nothing so materially tends to depiive a looker-on of his coolness and presence of mind, as the sight of blood exuding in any quantity from the body; and no accident, in general, can be more easily relieved. The friendly assistant should never for- get, that every moment he delays to stop the crimson tide, while cast- ing about for suitable means, may be fatal to the sufferer ; whereas the point of his Jinger is a means always ready, when only a single vessel is injured, the pressure of that small member is sufiicient to suspend all bleeding from the artery or vein. In case of an accident involving insensibility or great bodily suf- fering, the first duty is to remove any weight or encumbrance froVn the body, and then lay it gently on the back, in such a position that the air may have free access to the sutterer, especially about the face and neck. All unnecesssary examination, or moving of the person, should be avoided till some professional gentleman arrive to take the responsi- bility of the case. Should a bone be broken, and the fractured ex- tremities protrude through the flesh, any attempt at reduction or setting the bone, before the arrival of the surgeon, would be highly culpable; if, however, there is any violent bleeding, it should be at once arrested. If the bleeding proceeds from the leg or arm, the seam of that part of the coat or trousers should be ripped up with a penknife, so as to ex- pose the limb without disturbing it; the point from whence the blood Accidents and Emergencies. 397 issues is then to be sought, a finger immediately placed on the spot where the open vessel is bleeding, and a gentle pressure established, but merely sufficient to arrest the discharge; in the mean time, a large handker- chief is to be folded in its longest direction, so as to make a kind of broad bandage, which must then be*passed around the limb, above the wound, and also the fracture, and tied tightly; the finger is then to be removed from the wound, and if there be no further bleeding, the limb may be left alone till professionally attended ; but should the blood still flow, though in diminished quantity, the bandage must be made still tighter by inserting a piece of stick under the last fold, and by giving it a few turns, compress the artery more effectually. Arterial blood is always known by its bright scarlet color, and by its springing out in leaps or jerks; while venous blood is characterized by its dark purple color, and by its flowing steadily like water. The bleeding having been suppressed, the face may be bathed with cold water, and if there is great exhaustion, a small quantity of brandy and water administered occasionally. In cases of collision, where the person has been violently shaken, and there is no external injury, only insensibilitjT-, attended with pale face, livid lips, cold hands and lower extremities, the body should be placed in a horizontal position, the head slightly raised, and bottles of hot water or heated bricks applied to the feet, legs and inside of the thighs, and small quantities of warm brandy and water given every few minutes; at the same time, ammonia or smelling salts should be applied, but cautiously, to the nostrils. When the insensibility is at- tended with abrasion,' laceration, or wounds of the head, the same means are to be adopted, the injuries washed with a sponge and cold water, so as to remove all dirt that may be present. The edges of the cut or lacerated part are to be next brought together, and secured by strips of adhesive plaster, and a light bandage passed over all. Accidents — Precautions Against. — It would be a reflection on the reader's understanding, and take up too large a space in our work, to set down all the precautions that it behooves a person possessed of ordinary prudence to adopt, to guard against avoidable accidents, as every one knows that going too near a precipice, throwing orange-peel on the pavement, leaving a room with a poker in the fire, or scattering Inciter matches about for children to suck, or to be ignited by the tread of the foot, are all self-evident and objectionable, as probable causes of accident. Still there are some precautions that may not be so gen- erally apparent, but which should be equally known, and which we propose to generalize, firsU into those against accidents by lightning. Here it should be universally known, that as lightning is onl}^ a concentrated and powerful species of electricity, the same laws that governs the latter influence the former; thus water, vegetables, and metals, are all strong conductors of electricity, or, in otlier words, attract it; so also are they conductors of lightning. On this account it is highly dangerous to take shelter during a thunder-storm under a tree of an}'^ description, whatever the ancients may say to the contrary about the laurel. Equally objectionable is it to stand<,under a cart lodge, or any out-building, where lead or zinc is used for the roofing; for the same reason it is dangerous to run under a portico, or eaves, where there are drain pipes to convey the water from the roof. The banks of lakes, rivers, and large pools of water, should for the same rea- son be avoided; and an umbrella, especially if it have a metal ferule, is, during a thunder-storm, the most dangerous shelter of all, being little less than a lightning conductor. It is much safer, if overtaken by 398 Appendix to Medical Department, a thunder-storm, and where no house is near in which protection can be obtained, to endure tlie wet, button the coat over the watch-chain, close the umbrella, cover the ferule v/ith mud, and having removed all metallic surfaces, take the middle of the road, and at a brisk walk boldly encounter the rain. Even in- the best built house it is necessary to take precautions against lightning during a storm. The window, as soon as the panes become wet, is dangerous, as glass then is a conduc- tor. The fireplace, on account of the chimney and the grate below, is also a situation to be avoided: so is the neighborhood of the bell handles and bell wires; and the doors, on account of their bright knobs. The safest part of a room is the centre, the fire-irons being covered over, and all metallic substances removed from around the space; the bed, when detached from the wall, and destitute of metallic rings, is, on account of the non-conducting property of the feathers, the safest part of the whole house. Sscond, against accidents by water. However meritorious may be the action, no person is justified in plunging into the water, to save another from drowning, unless he can Bwim ; and even then he should defer his efforts till partial insensi- bility occurs, for unless theswimmer gets behind the person, and keeps himself clear of the convulsive clutch, with which a drowning man grasps his preserver, the chances are that both may sink together. In bathing, unless a good swimmer, the person should never go out of his depth; he should at all times avoid bathing in holes, and if in lakes or rivers, whenever he finds the water particularly cold as it is near the springs, he should at once place himself beyond their reach, and on the first sensation of cramp, make for the shore. In sailing in a small boat, whether propelled by sails or oars, the centre of gravity is always to be kept low ; the person should never rise from his seat unless to land; more fatal accidents occur on the water from the neglect of this rule, than from any kind of casualty. When two or three persons suddenly rise up in a boat, it is almost cer- tain to be overset, and every one in it fiung into the water. With re- gard to skating, no ice should be ventured on till after three day's frost, and not then if the edge appear rotten, or can bo pierced with a walk- ing-stick; the person who would attempt to skate after a fall of rain, or when water lies on the ice, does so in open violation of the com- monest rules of prudence. Thirds against accidents from fire. If disturbed in the night by the alarm of fire, the person should avoid opening doors and windows; if he has to pass into other rooms to rouse and collect his family, he should close the door behind him, so as to prevent all draughts and strong currents of air. The best protection any one can have in such a situation is a blanket; with a pair of shoes on the feet, a person enveloped all but the eyes in a blanket, may pass in safety through a volume of smoke and a degree of heat that could not be effected in any other dress; the blanket being carefuhy held be- fore the mouth, enables the individual to breathe with a freedom that would be impossible without such a protection. If there is water in the room, and much flame to be passed, the blanket should be first wetted, i^articularly the part over the head and mouth. If all escape by the stairs is cut off, the sheets of the bed should be knotted together into a rope, and one end having been secured to the bed-post, an at- tem])t must be made to descend from the window by the other. In cases where much smoke has to be encountered, a silk handkerchief wetted in water should be passed double across the mouth, or thrown Accidents and Emergencies. 399 over the head and fastened around the neck like a mask. As a precau- tion against many accidents from tire occiiring in houses, a guard should invariably be placed before the grate in rooms where children are al- lowed to play. In cooking, or tilling a lamp, if the grease of the one, or the oil of the other, should take tire, the flame should on no account be attempted to be blown out, or the face may be very seriously scorched; and as cold water only increases the mischief, if the tlame cannot be extinguished by a plate, a meat cover, or any other object at hand that will smother the tire, it had better be allowed to burn out, for as soon as the unctuous matter or spirii is consumed, the ordinary combustion will be easily extinguished. Though all that appertains to this subject will be fully entered into under its proper head, there is one point that cannot be too often re- peated, namely, that as ladies' dresses are by their texture extremely liable to take fire, and such accidents are unfortunately very frequent, when they do occur, the table-cover, the curtains from the window, the hearth-rug, or a coat, should be instantlj'- wrapped round the sufferer, who should on no account be allowed to escape, even if she has to be thrown on the ground, and rolled on the carpet. WHAT TO'^DO IN CASES OF ACCIDENT.— Professor Wilder, of Cornell University, gives these short rules for action in case of acci- dent: For dust in the eyes, avoid rubbing — dash water into them; re- move cinders, etc., with the round point of a lead pencil. Remove insects from the ear by tepid water; never put a hard in- strument into the ear. If an artery is cut, compress above the wound; if a vein is cut, compress below. If choked, get upon all fours, and cough. For light burns, dip the part in cold v/ater; if the skin is destroyed, cover with varnish. Smother lire with carpets, etc. ; water will often spread burning oil, and increase danger. Before passing through smoke, take a full breath, and then stoop low, but if carbon is suspected, walk erect. Suck poison wounds, unless your mouth is sore. Enlarge the wound, or better, cut out the part without delay. Hold the wounded part as long as can be borne to a hot coal, or end of a segar. In case of poisoning, excite vomiting by tickling- the throat, or by water and mustard. For acid poisons give acids; white of ^g^ is good in most cases; in cases of opium poisoning, give strong coffee, and keep moving. If in water, float on the back, with the nose and mouth projecting. For apoplexy, raise the head and body ; for fainting, lay the person flat. Bruise. — Apply molasses spread on brown paper. Or, a plaster of chopped parsley mixed with butter. Or, electrify the part. To pre- vent swelhng, ajiply a cloth five or or six times doubled, dipped in cold water, and redipped when it grows warm. — Wesley. Bruises. — Cover with linen, wet with vinegar and wormwood boil- ed together. Put a small bit of lard on the surface, and apply slightly warm. In very bad cases a leech or two will expedite the cure. Bruises — Embrocation For. — Pour upon 2 ozs. of carbonate of ammonia, (smelhng salts) as much distilled vinegar as will dissolve it; then add 1^ pts. of common rectified spirit, and shake the whole to- gether in a bottle. It is a good remedy for sprains and bruises. Hot Water. — In bruises, hot wat^r is most efficacious, both by 400 Appendix to Medical Department. means of insertion and fomentation, in removing pain, and totally pre- ventino^ discoloration and stiffness. It has the same effect after a blow. It should be applied as quickly as possible, and as hot as it can be borne. Insertion in hot water will cure that troublesome and painful thing called a whitlow. The efficacy of hot water in preventing the ill effects of fatigue is too well known to require notice. Frost- IJites. — Keep from the fire, and rub well with snow, and then with cold water. Jiightning Stroke. — Dash cold water over the head and face, and apply friction to the spine with strong liniment, and mustard poultices to the feet. Chimneys on Fire. — Shut all the doors and windows; stop up the bottom of the chimney with a piece of water-saturated sacking, wrapping, etc., throwing first salt, or sulphur, upon the lire. BITES OF POISONOUS REPTILES.— The Treatment.— In all cases of bites of poisonous reptiles the first and most important duty is to suck the wound, cauterize or excise the bitten part, prevent the ab- sorption of the virus, and by proper medicines arouse the patient's mind to resist the depressing influence of fear, and finally dissipate the coma that towards the end steals so fatally over the brain. Sucking tlie Wound. — Unless there should be a crack in the tongue, a chap or abrasion of the lips or mouth, the most deadly virus, as we have shown, may be sucked with perfect impunity, and where the injury is in the hand or arm, the patient should suck the wound himself. When this cannot be done, however, the person who under- takes that duty should supply himself with a large basin and a jug of warm water, and, sitting on a level with the limb, grasp the p art firmly with both hands, one above, the other below the wound, and ap- plying his lips boldly and confidently over the bite, with a quick but effectual motion of the cheeks and tongue, suck all the blood and moisture from the puncture, every minute or two spitting it out into the basin, and, rinsing his mouth with the warm water, return to his task not forgetting to maintain his pressure on the limb with his two hands. This sucking process should be persevered in for twelve or fifteen minutes at least; a broad piece of tape or a garter being first passed once or twice round the limb an inch or two above the wound, between it and the heart and then firmly tied. Cauterization and Excision. — When no person can be found with suflBcient resolution to suck the wound, a bandage or garter should be instanly tied round the limb above the wound, and if cupping-glasses are at hand, or those artificial means can be obtained recommended under " Cupping" which see, they should be applied at once, washing the part in warm water hastily before applying the glasses. These are to be removed every three or four minutes, the part again washed with clean water and a sponge, and again applied for at least half an hour. When, however, no such appliances can be obtained, the absorption having been arrested by the bandage, the wound is to be well and repeatedly washed with warm water, the fingers being used to force out all moisture or particles of blood from the bite, and the punctures freely cauterized with the nitrate of silver, which should be scraped to a point, and then forced into the apertures made by the reptile's fangs. If, however, the punctures are deep and narrow, a sharp penknife or bistoury should be used to enlarge them, so the bottom of the wound may be reached, and the place freely cauterized. When the wound is large and deep, the state of the reptile to be feared, and the pain and anxiety are very great, the part injured must without any hesitation Accidents and Emergencies. 401 be cut out, the wound washed, and the raw surface on every side liberally rubbed with the caustic, warm fomentations applied over all, and tiie ligature or bandage round the limb continued. To Rouse the Patientby Proper Medicines.— To effect this result, repeated doses of stimulants and anti-spasmodics are to be given, and the patient kept constantly movino-,and occasionally subjected to sud- den aspersions of cold water. The following draughts may be given every ten minutes or quarter of an hour. Take of brandy, 2 drs.; spirits of sal volatile, 40 drops; tincture of valerian, % dr.; sulphuric ether. 15 drops, camphor water, 1 oz. The Indian surgeons are iii the habit of giving the following draught, and repeating it as often as necessary. Take of Fowler's solution of arsenic, 30 drops; laudanum, 10 drops; peppermint water 1 oz. ; lime juice, ^ oz. Mix; to be taken directly, and repeatedly every half-hour till the symptoms abate; at the same time, they employ injections of gruel, castor oil, and turpentine, till the bowels operate. In severe cases, there is no reason why such remedies should not be applied in this country. Should neither cupping-glasses nor lunar caustic be obtainable, the part must be burnt with red-hot skewers or the point of a poker, and the wound dressed with water only, or the caustic (potassafusa), strong ammonia, or strong acetic acid; or, in default of any of these, quicklime may be sprinkled into the apertures. The importance of compelling the patient to walk about, supported by two strong men, must not be lost sight of, or the necessity of occasionally dashing cold water over his head and chest forgot to be practised, as on the judicious employment of both, the hope of rousing him from the coma entirely depends. Electricity is an agent that may be employed with benefit. DISLOCATION.— A displacement of a part; the term, however, is con- flned to the separation of the bones entering into the formation of a joint, from tlieir natural situation and arrangement, and thereby rendering the articulationforthe time-being useless. ^. .^ ^ . ^ Dislocation, or luxation, as it is surgically termed, is divided into com- plete and incomplete: complete, whea the displacement is perfect, or when the head of one bone is completely drawn out of the socket in the other, or when the articulation has been thoroughly disunited ; incomplete, when the joint has only been started, and the bones are merely sundered, but not abso- lutely separated. , . .. ^. J. 1 Dislocations are characterized accordint; to their situations— as a disloca- tion wpwa^-rf, 6ac;fcw;a/'d, /orwarrf, and downward; and are yet further distin- guished into simple and compound. A simple dislocation is when no injury is inflicted on the skin or muscles. A compound dislocation, when the la- teguments and flesh are ruptured. DislocatiiHis are accidents of very frequent occurrence, and may happen to almost every bone in the body, and are usually eflected by sudden falls or severe blows. It sometimes happens that dislocations are accompanied with a fracture of the same bone, when, if tiie fracture is near the head of the bone, it is generally impossible to reduce the dislocation till the fracture has been first reunited. , , ^,. Symptoms,— All dislocations are characterized by the same symptoms; these are, pain and immobility of the member, with shortening of the limb, accompanied with great pain if moved ; a depression in one place, and an enlargement or swelling in another; a turning in or out of Mie foot or hand, according as to whether it is the leg or arm that is displaced. When the in- jury occurs to the hip joint, the knee is drawn up and pressed on the thigh of the sound leg, while if it is the shoulder joint, the patient invariably grasps the injured member by the elbow with the opposite hand. It should be al- ways remembered, that when elderly people meet with heavy falls or blows, the chances are, from the greater bnttleness of their bones, that they have sustaiued a fracture, and not a dislocation. „ , ^, ,. ,, , , ^ Dislocations occur most frequently in what are called the ball and socket Joints, and next in the hinge, or Q'ing'iymifs articulation. . ,. , Dislocation of tlie Sliouider.— When the bone of the arm is displaced, it is either outwardly, inwardly, behind, or below : in whatever aspect it may 402 Appendix to Medical Department, APPEARANCE OF A DISLOCATED SHOULDKK. be, however, an apparent, cavity will be noticed where the fullness of the joint should t.e, and a corresponding; projection observed in an opposite direc- tion, unless the head of the bone has been pressed Into the arm-pit. or behind, under the shoulder-blade. The annexed cut shows an outward dislocation of the liead of the shoulder. The most painful of these four forms Is the downward dislocation, for then the bone presses on the whole congeries of nerves and arteries, on their way lo sup- ply the arm with sensation and vitality. In the majority of cases, the extension, as the process of pulling the bone into its place is called, should be made in a direc- tion nearly opposite to the position of the head of the bone. There are several methods adopted for the reduction of this accident, but the two following will almost always be found successful. The patient is to be placed on his back on a mattress, or the squab of a sofa, laid on the floor, his head supported by a pillow In the manner shown in the following cut. A damp towel is then to be folded smoothly around the arm above the elbow. Upon this the operator ties a strong handkerchief, or making a hitch knot with a jack towel over it, throws the remainder over his shoulders, and having removed his rightboot, takes his seat on the mattress, and placing the heel of his foot in the patient's arm-pit, either grasps the iiandkerchief and with botii liands pulls with a slow, steady strain uf)on the arm he has previously bent in the manner shown, or, if the jack towel i.s used, lie makes the extension or stretcli by means of Ills shoulders, while he holds the arm in his hands, the heel in both cases making the counterpoise. Hav- ing, by a steady extension, gradually drawn out the head of tlie bone, and brought it in front of the cavity in the shoulder-blade, the slightest bend of his shoulders, or relaxation of the handkerchief, causes the stretched muscles suddenly to con- tract and draw the bone into the socket with an audible crack In fe- male cases, and younger persons, or those of delicate constitutions, the following plan will generally be found sufficient: The patient being seated ill a higli-backed chair, an assistant standing on the uninjured side, places his left hand under and across the arm-pit, while with his right hand spread on tlie top of the shoulder, he grasps and keeps firmly in its place the slioulder-blade, and in this man- ner makes the counterpoise or exten- sion. The operator then grasps the bent arm above the elbow, and stead- ily pulls the limb till he disengages the head, when, either moving it a little Inward or outward, according as the dislocation has been In an outward or Inward direction, and at tlie same time sligtuly relaxing his extension, the head, as in the other case, will glide with a crack Into Its place. Much in this operation depends on the firmness with which the assistant keeps the shoulder-blade In Its place, for if that is not done the operator will, of neces- sity, pull botn arm and shoulder, and be no nearer the end for which he manipulates. As soon as the arm is reduced, a sling must be made with a handkerchief, and the folded arm carried In It for not less than a fortnight, to allow the muscles and tendons to recover their tone. REDUCING A DISLOCATED SHOUL- DER. Accidents and Emergencies, 403 If the reduction has been attended with much pain, and there is any swelling or tenderness of the joint, it will be well to foment the shoulder with warm bran poultices. Ball and Socket Joints.— Under this head we shall embrace the shoulder-bone, finders, hip, toes, the lower jaw, aud collar-bone. The ^/•(^a generates; fire imparts warmth externally. Therefore^ to obtain and preserve warmth, exercise and clothing are preferable to fire. Fire consumes the oxygen of the air, and produces noxious gases. Tlierefore, the air is less pure in the presence of candles, gas, or coal fire, than otherwise, and the deterioration should be repaired by in- creased ventilation. The skin is a highly-organized membrane, full of minute pores, cells, blood-vessels, and nerves ; it imbibes moisture or throws it off, according to the state of the atmosphere and the temperature of the body. It also "breathes," as do the lungs (though less actively). All the internal organs sympathize with the skin. Therefore^ it should be repeatedly cleansed. Late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system, and produce disease and premature death. Therefore^ the hours of labor and study should be short. Mental and bodily exercise are equally essential to the general health and happiness. Therefore, labor and study should succeed each other. Man will live most healthily upon simple solids and fluids, of which a sufficient, but temperate quantity should be taken. ThereforCj over-indulgences in strong drinks, tobacco, snuff", opium, and all mere indulgencies, should be avoided. Sudden alternations of heat and cold are dangerous, (especially to the young and the aged). Therefore, clothing, in quantity and quality, should be adapted to the alternations of night and day, and of the seasons. And therefore, also, drinking cold water when the body is hot, and hot tea and soups when cold, are productive of many evils. Moderation in eating and drinking, short hours of labor and regu- larity in exercise, recreation, and rest, cleanliness, equanimity of tem- per and equality of temperatui-e, — these are the great essentials to that which surpasses all wealth, health of mind and body. Damp Linen. — We know of nothing attended with more serious consequences than the sleeping in damp linen. Persons are frequently assured that the sheets have been at a fire for many hours, but the question is as to what sort of fire, and whether they have been properly turned, so that every part has been exposed to the fire. The fear of creasing the linen, we know, prevents manyfrom unfolding it, so as to be what we consider suflBciently aired ; but health is of more im- portance than appearances; with gentleness there need be no fear of want of neatness. Health, Preservation of. — It is an old but a very just saying, 'that no one knows the value of health till they begin to lose it; and it may be affirmed with equal truth, that the moment we become conscious that we have an eye, a stomach, or a heart, or feel any purt of the silent but wondrous mechanism of which we are composed, disease or injury has invaded that organ or function. Health, then, is the insen- sible performance of all the operations of tlie body. Much might be said in this place on the preservation of that inestimable boon, health; but as most persons have an opinion of their own on such a subject, it will be suflScient to specify the most important rules to be observed. As far as external agents are concerned, those absolutely necessary to the preservation of health are, — Rules for the Preservation of Health, 417 A constant and abundant supply of fresh air. A sufficiency of warm and appropriate clothing; the dress having reference to the season. An ample supply of wholesome and nutritious food. A due amount of daily exercise. Frequent ablutions of the entire body, and generaly cleanliness of the skin. An adequate proportion of relaxation and amusement. Early hours, and regularity in the diet. And, lastly, constant occupation both for the mind and the body. In addition to these rules, all sudden alternations of temperature should be avoided ; the sleeping-room should be large, and well ven- tilated; exposure to damp and fogs avoided; the mind kept amused and active ; the food well masticated and slowly eaten, and the bever- age kept as simple and unstimulating as possible. By the adoption of such rules, and paying attention to the first symptoms of local or gen- eral indisposition, a person may hope to preserve the blessings of health for the longest possible period. Method cf Ascertaining the State of the Lungs. — Persons desirous of ascertaining the true state of their lungs are directed to draw in as much breath as they conveniently can ; tliey are then to count as far as they are able, in a slow and audible voice, without drawing in more breath. The number of seconds they can continue counting must be carefully observed ; in a consumption the time does not exceed ten, and is frequently less than six seconds; in pleurisy and pneumonia it ranges from nine to four seconds. When the lungs are in a sound condition, the time will range as high as from twenty to thirty-five seconds. Sick Rooms — Cautions in Visiting. — Never enter a sick room in a state of perspiration, for as soon as tiie body becomes cold, it may absorb tlie infection or disease. Do not visit a sick person with an empty stomach, as it disposes the system more readily to receive in- fection. In a sick room, stand where the air passes from the door or window to the bed of the diseased. When poisonous vapor is much diluted with fresh air, it is not noxious. The windows of a sickroom, small and confined, should not be closed; if the wind is cold, nearly close the curtains of the bed. Remove all dirty cloths, clothes, and discharges, as soon as possible. Let the visitor have about his person camphor, etc. After leaving an infectious room, a person should con- tinue in the open air some time before he enters his own dwelling. Use of Fruit. — Instead of standing in any fear of a generous con- sumption of ripe fruits, we regard them as conducive to health. We have no patience in reading the endless rules to be observed in this particular department of physical comfort. No one ever lived longer or freer from disease, by discarduig the fruits of the land in which he finds a home. On the contrary, they are necessary to the preservation of health, and are therefore designed to make their ap- pearance at the very time when the condition of the body, operated upon by deteriorating causes not always imderstood, requires their renovating infiuence. Health, Preservation of. — Adopt the plan of rising early, and never sit up late at night. Wash the whole body every morning with cold water, by means of a large sponge, and rub it dry with a rough towel, or scrub the whole body for ten or fifteen minutes with flesh brushes. Those who use cold water regularly, either with a sponge or as a 41 8 Appendix to Medical Department, bath, are able to bear exposure to the weather much better than with- out its aid. Drink water generally, and avoid taking spirits, wines, and all fermented liquors. Sleep in a room that has free access to the open air, and is well ventihited. Keep the head cool by washing it with cold water if necessary, abate feverish and inflammatory symptoms when they arise, by pre- serving stillness. Symptoms of plethora and indigestion may be corrected by eating and drinking less per day for a short time. Never eat a hearty supper, especially of animal food. Never in- dulge in luxuries; guard against intemperance; and never sit in a draught, or in wet clothes, nor lie in a damp bed. Exercise regularly taken, tends to preserve the health. Walk one or two miles a day, regardless of weather, unless very bad indeed. Even a lady with stout walking boots, a large thick cloak, and an umbrella, may defy bad weather. In taking exercise in very severe weather, keep your mouth closed and walk rapidly; the air can only reach the lungs by a ciucuit of the nose and head, and becomes warm before reaching the lungs, thus causing no derangement. Brisk walking throws the blood to the sur- face of the body, thus keeping up a vigorous circulation, making a cold impossible, if you do not get into a cold bed too quickly after reaching home. Neglect of these precautions brings sickness and death to mul- titudes every year. The amount of exercise necessary for health is variable, depending upon natural constitution, education, sex, and age. For men from twenty to fifty, ^ight or ten miles a day of walking exercise may be taken as the average ; and for women of the same age, about half this quantity will suffice. Less than this will go a great way, but for keep- ing up high health, the above amount, omitted onlj^ on thoroughly wet days, may be considered necessary. By all means avoid a morbid desponding feeling, for scarcely any thing is more injurious to health, Mental as well as bodily exercise is essential to the general health and liappiness; therefore, labor and study should succeed each other. The plainest food is the best, taken in quantities so small as not to oppress the stomach. A man should never know that he has a stomach except when he is hungry. To increase muscular power, food should be taken which does not produce fat; for fat is frequently a sign of disease. A race-horse is brought to his prime condition by a system of training. So with man, if he wishes to see the full development of all his muscular power, he must restrict himself in diet, and exhaust his fat by having a good sweating eveiy day, but not to take cold. Lying too long in bed is injurious to health. The want of expan- sion of the chest through exercise, will aggravate or create consump- tive tendencies, which all more or less have; and the constant heat of the back or one side, occtusioned by cushioning, disturbs healthy action. When food rises in the stomachy the stomach is speaking to us, and we ought to listen to it, or health will suffer. In due time headaches will be the result; the liver is oppressed, and cannot fuUill its functions* There has been more introduced into the body than can be conveniently disposed of Every part receives some of the obtrusive matter; it is forced into the absorbents; the blood is unwillingly compelled to take a part 1 1 Rules for the Preservation of Health, 419 of it; the brain feels the eifect of the poisonous inftision; the circula- taion is impeded; the heart feels it, and labors hard to do its allotted work. By persistiuo^ in the habit, life will be shortened. Too little food has its symptoms as well as too much. The body will flag for want of stimulus; it will lose warmth and energy; and if it be found that more food restores both, and brings comfort, then more food is wanted. Every one should endeavor to discover his own maximum and minimum allowance, and adhere to it. Those who think most, require the most sleep. The time "saved" from necessary sleep is destruction to mind, body, and estate. Give yourself, children, and servants, the fullest amount of sleep by com- pelling them to go to bed at some early hour, and to rise in the morn- ing the moment they awake of themselves, and within a fortnight nature will unloose the bonds of sleep the moment enough repose has been secured. Rise and retire at a fixed hour ; take a gentle walk before break- fast; and take your meals at the same hours daily. The less quantity of fermented liquors you drink the better. Nothing conduces more to health and long life than abstinence and plain food, with due labor. Where water does not disagree value the privilege, and continue it. Late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system, therefore avoid them as much as possible. In order that digestion may take place, the food should be well chewed. The stomach will not deal with it in lumps. It must be thoroughly masticated and well mixed with the saliva which flows into the mouth during mastication. Do without medicine if possible; but in case of real indisposition, immediately consult a competent medical man. Heartburn, — Drink a pint of veiy cold water. Tried. Or, drink slowly decoction of camomile flowers. Or, eat four or five oysters. — Wesley. Heartburn. — "If acidity of the stomach occasions the heartburn, absorbents are the proper medicines. Take 1 oz. of powdered chalk, 3^ oz. of fine sugar, and ^ oz. of gum arable may be mixed in a quart water, and a tea-cup of it taken when necessary. But the best ab- sorbent is magnesia alba. It acts also as a purgative. This powder is not disagreeable; it may be taken in a cup of tea, or a glass of mint water." — Buchan. If it arises from wind, take 1 teaspoon of spirits of lavender, or the neutralizing mixture. MEALS. — If the preservation of the life entrusted to us is the first duty of man, the keeping that life in a state of healthy action should be equally imperative. To do this efl'ectively, the two first considera- tions are/ooc? and exercise^ occupation of mind and body ; when to take this food is an inquiry that should be answered with the same care be- stowed on the substances which constitute our aliment. The meals, then, or the sufficiency of food to be taken at one time, should have reference not only to the person's occupation, his amount of physical and mental labor, but to his hours of action and repose. In arranging the definite period for each meal, the person should calculate the number of hours between his rising in the morning and his retiring to bed at night, and then endeavor to divide this time into four as nearly equal spaces as he can, and assign each as an hour for a meal. It will be seen by this that we advocate the old-fashioned sequence of meals in preference to the modern and more artificial mode 420 Appendix to Medical Department, of living, fully impressed with the belief that the first is more in accord- ance with the requirements of nature, and consequently more con- ducive to health. The usual number of workiiio: lioura averages from fifteen to sixteen a day; perhaps the latter is more generally correct, for, should not the body be occupied the whole time from the getting up to the going to bed, the mind is; and there is consequently fatigue and exhaustion. As the stomach usually takes from four to five hours to perform the process of digestion, and as that organ sliould never be allowed to remain empty forany length of time, these sixteen hours must be divid- ed into the four periods we are about to indicate. Where unavoidable employment prevents such an arrangement, the space from morning to night may be reduced to three periods, but should never fall below that; for no opinion is more fallacious than that the stomach, jilted of its mid-day meal, can compensate itself from a richer and more varied repast in the evening; or that three courses at six o'clock, with plenty of time to enjoy them, will more than atone for a plate of roast meat and potatoes at one or two. The stomach, rendered torpid by long abstinence, will not be flattered into performing a double duty by a multiplicity of rich foods, in all probability as badly assorted for the purposes of digestion, as out of character by their number and incon- gruity. It is also a great mistake to suppose that the breakfast is required as soon as the individual is out of bed; the stomach then has hardly recovered from the torpidity of the night, and requires action and the free circulation of the blood, before it is in a state to perform its healthj-- function. Those, however, who are obliged to work for two or three hours before breakfast should take with them a few mouthfuls of biscuit or bread to eat about an hour after beginning work, so that when the stomach is stimulated to full action, a small amount of nourishment should be put in it, to give the gastric juice some solid on which to operate, instead of irritating the coats of the stomach by that gnawing feeling known as the sense of hunger. By adopting this pre- caution, the organ will be in a state of vigorous activity when, at eight or nine o'clock, the person sits down to his breakfast. Those whose labors do not commence till after their first meal, should be careful not to partake of it for at least half an hour after leaving their beds, or till the body has been actively excited, if not by a brief exercise, or some gymnastic feat, by a free use of the flesh-brush over the trunk, to excite the circulation of the blood. Whatever may be the occupation of the person, the breakftist should always be made the meal of most importance, after the dinner, and though with the man of sedentary habits less substantial than that of the working man, should alwaj^s consist of flesh-forming materials, and sufficiency in bulk to give the stomach material on which it can act for some hours. To induce the stomach to take in a due quantity of bread, or solid matter, a bloater, slice of bacon, piece of ham, or whatever savory article may be selected should be eaten with it, the object of all such relishes being rather to necessitate the swallowing of a large bulk of bread or toast, than any special benefit to be derived from the few mouthfuls of animal fc)od taken. As the most important business of the day is usually performed in the morning and noon, whether the exercise is that of the mind or body, the benefit of laying up a store of nutriment in the stomach, to be converted into healthy blood as the toil of the day demands extra stamina, will be evident to all. When the breakfast has been at eight the dinner should be at one Rules for the Preservation of Health, 421 o'clock; and when at nine, at two o'clock. The best hour for tea is about six, so as to leave three clear hours before the supper which should consist of some simple articles— bread and butter and oysters, or bread and cheese,\vith celery, and a g-lass of ale or porter,or,to tliose who are accustomed to its use, a glass of spirits and water. The idea that suppers of all sorts are hurtful is most absurd and unreasonable. Hot meat suppers — a second edition of dinner, in fact — would, to many persons, be very injurious; others, however, who do not go to bed for an hour after, and whose appetite is strong, may partake of such a repast with perfect impunity. Such suppers as are advocated here may be taken with safety, and by invalids; nor will there be any fear of nightmare if the person adjourns to bed within a quarter of an hour of such a meal. Exceptions of course frequently occur, not only as regards supper, but also as to the hours given for the other meals — cases where the person's stomach and his avocations must be consulted, and all rules made to submit to the state of the individual's appetite and his busi- ness. This rule, however, should be ;ilways observed, — that whatever hours are fixed on for the different meals, those times should be rigidly adhered to, and the virtue of punctuality in eating faithfully observed. So great, indeed, is the influence of habit in this respect, that a person accustomed to dine or breakfast at a regular hour will always — unless in ill-health — feel hungry, or disposed to eat, at the recurrence of the time appointed. Where the meals follow at the short intervals of four or five hours, luncheon, or any intermediate eating or drinking, is not only uncalled for but reprehensible. With literary men, and those whose occupations perpetually tax the brain, if the day's toil can be conveniently brought to a close by five, or even six o'clock, it is more beneficial to take a slight repast at one o'clock, and delay dinner till the day's work is over. If, however, their occupations engage them up to night, the dinner should be taken at two, and an hour, or an hour and a half, of perfect repose taken after it, and before renewing their labors. To the dyspeptic patient, or those suflering from habitual irritability of stomach, and where all solid food produces pain, the breakfast should be preceded by a cup of hot coffee about half an hour before taking the meal. The habit of taking provocatives before dinner, in the shape of small quantitities of brandy, or glasses of bitters, is very objectionable, and can only be excused where the stomach is cold, and the appetite naturally languid. In such cases, about half an ounce of the compound tincture of gentian, or an ounce of the compound tincture of carda- moms, of the Edingburgh Pharmacoposia, may, however, often be taken with great benefit. See " Food," and " Digestion," miOE TO MOTHERS. BY THE PUBLISHER. ADYICE TO MOTHERS,— The present part of our subject has reference merely to the niotlier as regards her new-born infant; those portions of the general subject which appertain to the mother herself, — rearing by hand, wet-nursing, duty of nurses, cutting of teeth, clothing, food, and management of children, — will be found under *' Pregnancy;" ''Bringing up by Hand," under "Infant;" "Nurses," ♦♦Teething," etc. The duty and responsibility of the mother commence before the birth of her offspring, and respect herself almost as much as her child. Leaving out of the question for the present the duties appertaining to the parent, we shall proceed at once to show the obligations the mother is under to her infant. One of the first and most important duties the mother owes, not only to her child, but to society, is to have everything in order for the reception and comfort of her baby when born; and as labor may take place at any time after the seventh month, all articles of clothing, and whatever is necessary, or likely to become so, for the dressing and requirement of the child, should be provided and laid in careful and systematic order in readiness, not later than the end of the seventh month. So important does the law re- gard the fact of the mother's neglecting to provide clothes for her baby, that, in a trial for infanticide, such a circumstance would weigh very seriously against the prisoner. In such a case, the law does not look to the kind or the amount of clothing provided; a strip of cotton with a few stitnhes, though only meant for a bandage, would be' re- garded as some provision for the protiection of her child, and the inten- tion of procuring more willingly conceded to her. The number of articles a niother should provide for her child must, in a great measure, depend upon her means, though there are few wives but wno, in their first confinement, are able to obtain all that is strictly necessary for the occasion, especially if they are believers in the efficacy of the modei-n practice of leaving the poor infant's head without cap or covering. Tlie number or the quality of the clothes is of much less consequence than the manner in which they are made. The following list contains the names and the number of articles absolutely necessary for a new-born infant; as many more may be procured as the taste or circumstances of the mother may dictate : — Two rollers, calico; 1 roller, flannel; 6 shirts; 2 flannel petticoats; 2 pilches; 4 frocks; 18 diapers; 4 night-gowns; 3 caps. There is one general rule which should be adverted to in this place; namely, that each garment should be made either with strings or loops, so as to avoid, as far as i)ossible, the objectionable practice of pinnmg on an infanVs clothing. Of this we shall have more to say hereafter. Advice to Mothers. 423 In making her baby's clothes, there are four important points to be considered : — 1. To make the dresses to come well up in the neck, so as to keep the neck and chest warm. 2. To avoid any pressure on the shoulder or tightness under the arm, which might prevent a free motion of those members. 3. To make them in such a manner that they can be put on without the necessity of repeatedly turning the child. 4. To avoid the too common habit of making them too long and too heavy. Having procured, washed, and ironed her baby's clothes, they should be all carefully placed by themselves in a drawer or box, and kept where, on any emergency, they can be obtained by the nurse; other articles can be added afterwards. If everything has gone on favorably with the mother, about a fortnight before her expected time the basket should be made ready. The proper baby-basket is about two feet square; it should be light, and not too deep, the whole being covered with a lining of loose dim- ity. Tile basket should contain one entire set of clothes, half of the diapers, a linen and a flannel roller, two caps, a pincushion, a pot of pomatum and one of lard, a cake of white Windsor soap, a large poma- tum pot of plain violet or starch powder, a puff, a soft hair brush, and on the top of all there should be pl;iced three or four pieces of soft old linen, a skein of whitish-brown tliread, and a pair of ordinary scis- sors. The prejudices the young raotiier acquires in tlie nursing of her first baby from the nui-se, are liable to adhere to her through life, and may be a source of hurt to others, and an injury to the health of her own children. That the young mother should implicitlj^ believe what her nurse tells her, is not to be wondered at, as such statements come to her with all the potency of tradition, and as the result of incontest- able experience. We shall have occasion to refer to some of these vulgar errors and prejudices under the article "Nurse," which see. Two instances are sufticient for our purpose now. One of these is the habit some nurses have of giving the infant, the instant it is taken on her lap. a few tea-spoons of warm gin, or rum and toater, sweetened with sugar; the other equally objectionable, but more hurtful practice, is that of dosing the undressed infant with castor oil. A more glaring mistake, or a grosser outrage on an unoffending stomach than either practice, cannot be conceived : a poor child, who has hardly drawn half an hour's breath, has its tender stomach excessively stimulated by spirits and water, or its bowels racked with a drastic purgative. Yet how many hundreds of infants are made daily to take their first mor- tal taste from spirits or physic! The phenomena produced on the infimt's body by its first gasp in life, with all that appertains to its existence before and after birth, will be explained under the head of "Infant," which see. The first duty the new-born child claims at the hands of the nurse is that of wash- ing. The principal object of attention in performing this operation from first to last, is to be tender and quick, and only to turn the child when actually necessary; it is the length of time taken up in the pro- cess, the rough handling, and repeated changes of posture, that ren- ders washing so distasteful to the infant, and calls forth, by shrill cries, that noisy protest to the ceremony: the nurse, in her gossiping task, ignoring the fact that the infant's skin, full of blood and sensa- tion, is the most tender part of its body, and keenly susceptible of her often rough hands and the cold air. 424 Appendix to Medical Department, A bath with warm water being placed at her feet, a horse with the clothes required before the fire, and near her reach, and the baby- basket on the opposite side, the nurse, with a spono^e and white soap,- should commence the business of washing, beginning always with the head, and absorbing the moisture from the body by gentle pressure with a soft, porous towel, instead of rubbing the parts dry. Some- times the body is coated with a white tenacious substance, which can only be removed by warm lard being first rubbed over it, and after- wards washed away. As soon as the child is dressed, it should be taken to the mother, placed at the breast, and the first substance allowed to enter its mouth drawn from the mother. Nature has purposely arranged that the first secretion of milk for every child should be adapted to the wants of the Infant ; and as the body requires cleansing, and the stomach cannot immediately digest the cheese into which the milk is converted, the first secretion of milk is purposely thin and poor, possessing aperient properties, and almost destitute of those cheesy elements of which, in a few days subsequently, it contains so large an amount. The first flow of milk is of tlie utmost consequence to the child, and does away with any pretense for physic, or the necessity oi feeding. Where, from ill health or other causes, the infant cannot be put to the breast imme- diately, that plan must be adopted which is laid down in "Bringing up by Hand." See " Infant." One of the duties the mother should never neglect to see to, is that no bandage or string confines either the action of the abdomen or chest; for the well-being of the body depends upon the free play of the organs contained in those cavities. At the same time, the robe and frock should neither be too long nor too heavy, so as to press on the child's feet; and as often as possi- ble the limbs should be rubbed with the hand, and plenty of air ad- mitted to them. The infant cannot too soon be accustomed to regular- ity in the times of feeding and sleeping; a child should not be suckled oftener — as a general rule — than once in every three or four hours, and then rather after rousing from sleep, than just before going to its cradle. The child should be put down awake, and allowed to fall asleep without rocking or singing to. When awake, it should be tossed and moved about as much as possible, or laid on its back on the car- pet, and permitted to kick about its legs and work its body as much as it pleases. The mother should nemr take her infant to bed, or allow it to sleep with her, but so arrange the crib or bassinet, that it may be on a level with her own side of the bed, so as on waking to be able easily to reach, and, when necessary, to suckle her baby, or to take it in her arms. But there is nothing a mother should more carefully shun than the extremely hurtful practice of falling asleep with the cJiild at her breast; the injury to the child from this habit is nearly as dangerous as it is to the mother. The cause that renders the infant's body so susceptible of cold or rough contact makes the stomach and bowels equally sensitive to all irritating drugs or hard substances of food; this fact should never be lost sight of in administering physic or aliment to very young chil- dren. On this account, whenever practicable, the mother should take the medicine^ and allow it to react through the milk on the child, instead of irritating the digestive organs of the infant by powerful purga- tives. Advice to Mothers, 425 For the same reason, the appearance of the teeth should guide the mother as to the giving of an infant solid food; for till nature sup- plies the mouth with teeth, any aliment but a strictly liquid one is both hurtful and improper. The first or milk-teeth, as they are called, plainly indicate the nature of the food the mother should give her in- fant to prepare for its weaning; and not till some of the second set begin to show in the gums, should finely cut animal food be offered to the child. As aliment is the means by which all the organs and mem- bers of the infant are developed from their comparatively embryo state, the parent should remember how important it is that the food she supplies her offspring should be of the best possible description — espe- cially as regards her own milk: to keep this pure, and of the most nutritive quality, should be her foremost dutJ^ And as the health and strength, the physical and intellectual qualities, as well as the moral happiness and longevity of the man or woman, all depend on the care and judgment shown by the mother in carrying her child through the fit'nt two stages of life, it behooves every parent to know that the best means to effect such great results are by abundance of air, cleanli- ness, proper exercise, and a sufficiency of good and nutritious food. Dress. — The title of this article may to some persons seem out of place in a work of this kind ; but in a prophylactic light, and as a means to prevent or ward oft' disease, it is eminently applicable. It is not, however, our intention to enter deeply into this subject, or, in- deed, do more than give a few general directions as to the clothing or the dress of children; what we may have to say with regard to their mothers will be still more general. In a variable climate such as we are subject to in this country, the mother cannot begin too early to attend to the equable warmth and comfort of her infant's clothing. The foolish and dangerous practice that came into vogue with the no-bonnet fashion, of leaving infants' heads uncovered, we hope, for the credit, humanity, and good sense of our countrywomen, has had its day, and is going out; for a more per- nicious, and, as far as the health of the individual is concerned, dan- gerous system, was never practised. This is not the place to argue the question of a covering for the head; but surely the example of five thousand years among all civil- ized nations ought to be a sufficient authority for mothers who wish to bring up their children in the established rules of health and strength. The attempt to rear children born in a populous city, or under all the conditions of a high state of civilation, like the infants of an Indian, with the idea of making them hardy, is not only absurd, but mischiev- ous ; for the hurtful example of one mother leads to the practice of many. Setting aside the unsightly appearance an Infant makes with its uncovered head, on which nature has not yet placed the clothing of hair, it is actually injurious to expose the half-revealed brain of an infant to the j)erpetual vicissitudes of our climate. Surely the wise and stalwart men whom this country has produced within the last three hundred years are a sufficient proof that the legitimate fashion of caps — whether made of flannel or muslin — cannot have been hurt- ful to the intellect or frame of their wearers. Xext to the head, which it is a mother's duty to cover, but without oppressing, the feet and the stomach of her child should form the chief objects of her solicitude. This is a precautionary care which will demand the parent's attention from the earliest stage of life, or till the adult has the discretion to guard himself from the assaults of 426 Appendix to Medical Department. damp and cold. The importance of keeping the stomach well pro- tected, particularly in wet and windy weather, cannot be too much insisted on. \i the feet are well covered by woolen socks and thick siioes, the stomach and chest enveloped by warm, close-titting clothes, and the head lightly covered, all other parts of the bodj'^ may be safelj'' left to wind and weather; not that we would advise weak, rickety, or delicate children to have any portion of their bodies exposed to the at/- mosphere. Such children (and the great number of bowed-legged boys and girls to be seen on holiday occasions in our streets, sliows how prevalent is this form of debility among the working classes,) should have their thin, delicate limbs most carefully protected from the cold, and the circulation by every means stimulated to, not repelled^ by cold, from their emaciatecl members. Yet how often do we see such puny children, with limbs hardly larger in circumference than walking-sticks, with exposed legs, bare arms, and such limited latitude of skirts, that they hardly suffice for decency, and are totally incapable of supplying warmth ! If the motive that induced this species of gos- samer costume was based on any valid principle, we could forgive the parental vanity so often conspicuous in the fanciful garb of the child ; but as no infant of civilized parents was ever benefited or made strong by the domestic regime of a savage, we must strongly condemn a course that can only tend to swell the bills of mortality. As regards women, it may be said of females in general, that they are not sutliciently dressed — particularly young and unmarried females — safety and comfort being too often sacrificed to fashion, taste, or ap- pearance. It is after coming from heated theatres, ball-rooms, and such places, that women are so remiss in taking that precaution to guard the lungs by a veil, and the chest by a shawl, so absolutely nec- essarj'. The observations we have made about the head, feet, stomach and chest of children, should be attended to as rigorously by females at all periods of life from 17 to 50. Infants, Management of. — A child, when born, should be laid, for the first montli, upon a thin mattress, which the nurse may some- times keep on her knee, that the child may always lie, and only sit up as the nurse slants the mattress. Keep it as dry as possible. At the end of a montii, the nurse may set it up, and dance it by degrees. The clothing should be light, and not much longer than itself, that the legs may be readily reached and rubbed, for rubbing takes off scurf, and causes thu blood to circulate. Rubbing the ankle-bones and inside of the knees will strengthen those parts, and make the child stretch its knees, and keep them flat. Do not keep a child too long in the arras, lest the legs should be cramped, and the toes turned inward. The oftener the posture is changed the better. During the first fortnight the child should sleep on a bed, except when taken up to supply its wants, which will give it early habits of cleanliness. It is injurious to be laid always asleep on a person's knee. By slow degrees the infant should be accustomed to exercise, within doors, and in the open air. It should be canied about, and gently dandled in the nurse's arms. Exercising a child in the open air, in fine weather, is of the greatest service. Endeavor to harden the bod}', but without violent means. A child is constitutionally weak and irritable; hence we should try to strength- en the child, and diminish this irritabilitv," in order to procure it the greatest blessing— a lirm body, which may resist all influence of air and weather. The cold bath may be used too much, and bodily exer- cise may be too violent. Advice to Mothers, 427 Infants should by imperceptible degrees be inured to the cool, and then to the cold bath. If they have been accustooaed to an effeminate treatment, and should be suddenly subjected to an opposite extreme, such a change would be attended with danger. The child's skin is to be kept perfectly clean, by washinof its limbs morning and evening; begin with warm water, till, by degrees, it will bear, and like, to be washed with cold water. After carefully drying the whole body, head, and limbs, another dry soft cloth, a little warmed, should be used gently, to take all the damp from the wrinkled and fat parts of the body. Apply gentle friction to the body, but do not press upon the stomach and bowels. If the skin is chafed, hair powder, or violet powder, is to be used, or a thin mixture of fuller's earth. For the head, a small soft brush is safer than a comb. It should have clean linen, etc., every day. Some females in dressing an infant are very rough, and must har- ass and fatigue it much. The most tender deliberation should be ob- served. Never let the clothes be tight. Never use pins, for they are dangerous. The strings must be tied so slack that one might get two fingers between. Many instances of idiotism, tits, atid deformity, are owing to tight bandages. Never expose an infant to open doors or windows, especially in winter. The extreme of a summer day should also be avoided. Ex- cessive heat or cold will injure an infant. Infants should not be kept too near the fire. The wisest course in treating infants, is to follow the simple dic- tates of nature ; yet some people are so devoid of consideration as to give them wine, spirits, spices, sugar, and other things too strong for their tender stomachs. The first milk a baby can draw from its mother's breast is medicine and nourishment for it, and if she is too ill to give it, it is better to let it wait a few hours, than to give it any kind of food. But if it is very craving, mix milk with soft boiled water, and give it half a tea-spoon at a time, only warm, for the mouth cannot bear much heat. Let it swallow one little portion before an- other is offered, and raise its head that it may pass the gullet easily. Do not overload the stomach, which may greatly disorder the infant, and become the foundation of gluttony. If a mother cannot suckle tlie child, get a healthy, cheerful wom- an, with young milk, who is fond of infants. After the first six months, broths, and simple food, may do as well as living wholly upon milk. If milk cannot be had, a tea-spoon of the yolk of a fresh <^^^^ well beaten, and mixed with two table-spoons of soft boiled water, will do instead. Three inches square of lean veal, and one inch thick, will make soup for a baby for two or three days. Boil only half at once, in a pint of soft water, down to two-thirds. Strain. When cold take oflf the scum. Warm a little as wanted. A thin gruel also may be made from rice flour. In the latter part of the first year, pure water may occasionally be given. Those parents who accustom their children to drink water only, bestow on them a benefit, the value of which will be sensibly felt through life. Habits of intemperance, the curse of after life, are often laid in infancy. Rising early in the morning is good for all children, provided they awake of themselves, which they generally do; they ought not to be waked out of their sleep. Children, till tlie}^ are two or three years old, must never be allowed to walk long enough to be weary. 428 Appendix to Medical Department. In layiiif^ a child to sleep, place it upon the right side oftener than on the left, but twice in the tvventv^-four hours it should be changed to the left side. Laying it on its back when it awakes, is enough of that posture, in which alone it can move its legs and arms with freedom. Place the cradle so that the light may come equally on both eyes, to prevent squinting. Infants cannot sleep too long. Sleep promotes a more calm and uniform circulation of the blood, and facilitates assimilation of the nutriment received. Mothers and nurses should try to accustom in- fants, from the time of their birth, to sleep in the night, preferably to the day. To awaken children from sleep with a noise, or in an impetuous manner, is unwise and hurtful ; also to carry them from a dark room immediately into a glaring light, for the sudden impression of light debilitates the organs of vision, and lays the foundation of weak eyes from infancy. Infants are sometimes very restless at night, caused by either cram- ming them with too much food, by tight night-clothes, or by being overheated with blankets, etc. Never give an infant wine, spirits, or any drug, to make it sleep. Milk, water, or both mixed, whey, or thin gruel; these are the fittest for infants. The more simple and light their diet and drink, the more they will thrive. A bedroom or nursery ought to be spacious and lofty, dry, airy, and not inhabited tlirough the day. Feather beds should be banished from nurseries, as tliey are an unnatural and debilitating contrivance. The windows should never be opened at night, but left open the whole day, in fine clear weather. Nurses ought never to conceal any accident befalling a child. All violent impressions on the senses and bodies of children should be avoided. It is injurious to toss them about rapidly and violently in their arms. Loud crying, or shouting in their ears, presenting glitter- ing objects to their view, and sudden and too great a degree of light; such pi-actices are very injurious. A New York physician makes, in the Times, the following sensible suggestions concerning the care of infants during hot weather : Loose, light, clean clothing, covering the entire body. To be changed each day, if possible. No bandages whatever. Bathe the infant morning and evening in simple tepid water, and dry thoroughly. Use no spirits or washes of nny kind. Keep rooms and all bedding clean and well aired. Feed a nursing infant on bread and milk only, and not oftener than every two or three hours; occasionally a tea-spoon of cool (not iced) water, but let no other material whatever pass its lips. It must not be nursed more than once between bedtime and rising. Give it water by the tea-spoon, if it cries. Feed the bottle-fed infant as follows : Boiled fresh cow's milk diluted one-third with sweetened barley water. Milk and a little lime water. Water occasionally to drink, but not another article of food. Especially avoid farina, corn starch, arrow-root, etc. Give the bottle once in every two or three hours. When the child vomits after taking food, do not give it any more for a couple of hours. The fact of its vomiting shows its stomach, for some cause, does not tolerate the food; so give it rest, and thus the stomach will recover, and at the end of a couple of hours will receive and digest the food. ~- Advice to Mothers, 429 If the bowels are loose, do the same as above, feeding the child spariiifrly, only every three or five hours. Keep it quiet, apply warm mustard cloths to its abdomen, and, if feverish, give it a hot bath. Give no patent medicines, decoctions, or other remedies. If it does not get better in twelve hours, send for a doctor. The following article upon the "Treatment of Children," by Abrara Livezey, M. D., we take from Peterson's Magazine^ and com- mend it to the careful perusal of every mother who cares for the welfare of her children. They will be amply repaid for the time thus spent: NO. I. — The Use and Abuse of Calomel. — I warn mothers against the general use of calomel, given so freely by too many ph3'sicians. From the smallness of the dose, its almost tastelessness, the facility with which it may be given, it is resorted to in numberless cases, where it is not only unnecssary but positively injurious. In the bowels of children nature has supplied an abundance of mucus to shield those parts, so tender in infant life, and to protect them from the effects of irritating substances. A dose or two of calomel, however, speedily removes this protection of the bowels in infancy, and, when repeated a train of symptoms ensues which endanger the child's life, and excite alarm in the maternal bosom. Its strength is suddenly gone; " its legs and arms hang helplessly down ; it is peevish and fret- ful; the face assumes a pinched expression;'' one cheek is oftimes flushed, the other pale (and the mother thinks it has worm fever ;) the abdomen is very hot to the hand ; there is drjniessof the lips, from the irritative fever induced by the action of the calomel; the nose is deprived of its natural moisture, becomes also dry, and itches, and the child thus picks both, and the mother is sure, from this sjmiptoni of irritation, that the child has worms, and the doctor too often coincides, and more purgative medicines is given to free the little suffering patient from imaginary parasites! If the child be of a very vigorous constitution, it may triumph over both the disease and the folly of the doctor; but if, on the contrary, it be feeble, it will lie with its little attenuated limbs stretched out, indifferent to all around it, until death closes the scene. Children w^ho have been over-dosed with calomel have always a tedious convalescence, and exhibit an old look, in consequence ot'the rapid absorption of fat. Lest in my strictures in the use of calomel, some of my medical readers should mentally charge me with eclecticism, I will quote a few paragraphs from Dr. Beck, against whom no such chaiges can be made: " When salivation does take place in the child, its effects are most disastrous. Sloughing of the gums and cheeks, general prostration, and death, are by no means uncommon occurrences." "In bowel complaints, under the idea of altering the secretions, it has frequently helped to keep up the very intestinal irritation which it was given to correct." " It ought to be a rule laid down, and rigidly followed, that in very young children, mercury ought never to be used as a cathartic, unless there is a special reason for resorting to it." "Let mothers, then, who prize the health and well-being of their children (and what mother does not?) beware of these little white or gray powders, too frequently prescribed by the family physician, who often does so out of regard to the taste of the child." In its place, castor oil, or the rhubarb and lime-water mixture, is best adapted to bowel disorders of infantsand children; and Husband's 430 Appendix to Medical Department. magnesia alone, or with half the quantity of rhubarb, or an infusion of senna leaves, with some one of the aromatics as ginger, annise, fennel, will answer every good purpose when their little stomachs are clogged, livers torpid, as indicated by coated tongue, etc. No medicine, says Professor Gross, acts so well upon the whole secretary system as senna. NO. II.— Use and Abuse of Blisters.— Opium, tartar emetic and mercury, like the fabled weird sisters, Clotho, Lacheis and Atropos work in harmony together to abbreviate the span of infantile existence; and when they fail to cure(!) or remedy " remediable ills," another lethiferous agent is brought into play to tinlsh the work, so badly car- ried on from its inception. This is the fly-hlister — cerat, canthar, — as it usually appears on the prescription paper, of the action of which, and its effect upon j^oung children, every mother should be informed. As the skin, in infancy, is more delicate in structure, possesses greater vascularity, and a much higher degree of sensibility, it is at once apparent that blisters must not only produce their specific effects in a shorter time than they do in the adult, but the inflanunation resulting from their action is also much greater in the young subject, and are much more apt to be followed by injurious consequences from the resulting inflammation, such as deep, rodent ulceration, gangrene, and even death. Melancholy instances of this character, quite too numer- ous, can be found on medical record. Dr. Ryan says: "I have seen a blister on the chest followed by sloughing, and an aperture form over the epigastrium, which exposed the viscera beneath." The late Professor Chapman, of this city, wrote, that in children a blister " sometimes induces gangrene, as I have witnessed in two or three instances." Fortunate, indeed, is the physician who, in a practice of twenty- five years, has not seen many such cases in his own practice, or that of his professional brethren. Recently I was called to a babe of a few months old, abandoned by the family physician as hopeless, upon whose little breast I found a partially ulcerated and inflamed surface four inches square, the result of a fly-bhster ordered to be left on six hours by an " aged and experienced" physician, a day or two previous. The infant died, of course, not from the catarrh, but from gangrene, which utterly destroyed the intercostal muscles between the first and second, and second and third ribs, on either side of the stei'num. When blisters are ordered by the familj^^ physician, the mother should entrust its action to none, but have a personal, watchful care over it, raising the plaster at no distant intervals, and observing the condition of the skin, and remove it as soon as the surface appears uniformly reddened, and then apply a soft, moist poultice of bread and milk. Thus will be effected vesication in a few hours, and all the good that can possibly be derived from the blister, and the possible injurious consequences generally avoided. Do not allow a blister to remain on a child six, four, or even two hours, though so ordered by "' age and experience," without the above precautionary measures. In two or three hours after the application of the poultice, the serum will be ready, generally, to discharge, and then a thick layer of finely corded cotton should be applied, to absorb the continued dis- charge. In two days under ordinary circumstances, a new cuticle will be formed, the old come off with the cotton, and the blistered surface cured. Space will permit for only one more caution in reference to Advice to Mothers. 431 the application of this powerful agent; and that is, when the skin is in a morbid or preternaturally injected and excited stale, as in the case of measles and scarlatina, ulceration and gangrene are by no means unusual sequences of blisters. Professor Dunglinson leaves behind him the recorded fact that he has seen "several cases of death manifestly caused by the use of blis- ters in scarlatina and measles." This siiould be received as precaution- ary advice by the j^oung practitioner, and even if the experienced and aged one is so unmindful of the dangers of their improper or injudi- cious use, mothers should exercise a respectful but lirm stand as the natural protector of their children, against the "use and abuse of blisters." NO. III.— Irritation— Gfeneral.— Of all subjects connected with this department, and of all the duties whicli devolve upon the mother as a watchful guardian of the health and well-being of her children, there is no one more important, and none that will reward her more to study, than that of irritation ; for, with a knowledge of its source and results, slie will be able to guard against the causes, remove the effects and very often, by timely and simple ministration, relieve many dis- eases of infancy and childhood. Irritation is a disordered state of the nerves of the part affected, with more or less pain and functional disturbance; a state in which the predominant symptom is nervous derangement, which is neither accompanied by, nor results from inflammation. The influence of irritation, as a cause of disease, is wide spread, and a knowledge of its eflects will guide the mother, not only in the detection of disease, but enable her wii-ely to remove or combat it. She will thus learn that most diseases of infants proceed from irritation of a higher or lower degree, and not from inflammation, a fact that is too often overlooked by medical men, who, through fear of this hugheai\ resort to leeching, blistering, mercurials and anumonials, to prevent or subdue it, to the great injury of the little patient. For if a disease proceeding from irritation be treated as an inflammatory one, the case will be greatly aggravated. It is a great physiological fact, and mothers should be aware of it, that every organ of the body is Kable to derangement in its function from the influence of irritation; and that such deranged action may occur directly or indirectly, from sympathy with other parts, organs, or functions of them in an unnatural state of excitement or irritation. To illustrate the foregoing observations, I will specify some of the sources and eflects in and upon children. The function of the brain may, for a time, be more or less paralized, assuming all the symptoms of stupor or apoplexy, in consequence of the pain attendant upon teething, or from the irritating effects of undigested or crude food in the stomach. From similar exciting causes, as well as from worms in the alimentary canal, will convulsions often ensue. Even external impressions of a powerful kind, will exert similar effects, and produce convulsions as the following cases, related by Surgeon Hood, clearly proves. The christening of the first son of a nobleman was to be cele- brated with great porap at night, at which time the apartments were lighted with the utmost brilliancy. The moment the infant duke was brought into the drawing room, the sudden glare of the strong light caused almost instantaneous convulsions, from which the child never recovered. A married lady, very highly connected, was to inherit a very large estate provided she had a son. Consequently, when her first son was 432 Appendix to Medical Department, born, there was great rejoicing at his christening, and a bishop was invited to perform the cereniouy. When he arrived, tlie servants knocked so loudly at the roorn-dobr that the child was frightened into convulsions, and died soon after. NO, IV. — Irritation — Special. — Having spoken somewhat in gen- eral terms of the influence of irritation upon the young cliild, I will now point out some of the special eflects arising from the same source. Flatulency is directly a cause of much pain and discomfort to the babe, and indirectly produces palpitation of the heart, whilst derange- ment of the stomach and liver, especially if attended with acidity, will not only produce the same ettects, but, in addition, give rise to acute pain in the region of the heart. Cold is also a most common cause of irritatation, not only causing pain and distress in the bowels, but more frequently acting upon and deranging the functions of the lungs and air passages. Who has not noticed how remarkably have children, when prop- erly clothed, escaped entirely the ordinary affectations of the chest during the first year or two of their existence, proving conclusively that judicious clothing becomes really a prophylactic against catarrh, as the converse has always been observed where diseases of these organs constantly abound. Mothers should remember that even if the infant with bare arms, chest and legs, should escape from catarrh before the period of teeth- ing, it will be fearfully in danger when this irritative process com- mences, as it seems to deprive the lungs of their previous power of resisting the effects of colds. — Hood. Every mother knows, (and yet how often she overlooks the fact,) that teething will so affect the digestive powers as to cause sickness and loss of appetite; and the excitement increasing, and the irritation, extending, will sometimes produce quite a severe purging. So susceptible is the nervous organizations of the infant, that this natural tenderness of early life renders them liable to powerful im- pressions from slight causes of irritation. After the age of three years, such diseases as arise chiefly from irritation become less common, and sudden attacks more rare. Now, also, the brain is more frequently {i 00 C5 o -i-H COO.O^«CO^^^^«^«^^§5^ FARRIERS' DEPARTMENT. CHOLIC— Cure for Horses or Persons.— Spirits of turpentine, 3 ozs. ; laudanum, 1 oz. ; mix, and give all for a dose, by putting it into a bottle with ^ pt. of warm water, which prevents injury to the throat. If relief is not obtained in one hour, repeat the dose, adding 3^ oz. of the best powdered aloes, well dissolved together, and have no uneasi- ness about the result. Symptoms. — The horse often lies down, suddenly rising again, with a spring, strikes his belly with his hind feet, stamps with his fore feet, and refuses every kind of food, etc. I suppose there is no medi- cine in use, for cholic, either in man or horse, equal to this mixture. For persons, a dose would be from one to two tea-spoons, children or loeak persons, less, according to the urgency of the symptoms, to be taken in warm water or warm tea. I have been familiar with it for about five years, and know that it has been successful in many cases — all, where it has been used. Many think it the best cholic remedy in the world. 2. Another. — Laudanum, % oz. ; sulphuric ether, 1 oz. Mix, and for a horse, give all at a dose, in warm water, as above. Dose for a person, as the first. A Mr. Thorpe, of whom I obtained this recipe, tells me he has cured cholic in horses, in every case, with the first dose, except one, and in that case by repeating the dose thirty minutes after the first. There is no question but what it is good, and some would prefer it to the turpentine. I know it is valuable. BOTS — Sure Remedy. — When a horse is attacked with bots, it may be known by the occasional nipping at their own sides, and by red pimples or projections on the inner surface of the upper lip, which may be seen plainly by turning up the lip. First, then, take new milk, 2 qts.; molasses, 1 qt,; and give the horse the whole amount. Second, 15 minutes afterwards give very warm sage tea, 2 qts. Lastly, 30 minutes after the tea, you will give of currier's oil, 3 pts., (or enough to operate as physic). Lard has been used, when the oil could not be obtained, with the same success. The cure will be complete, as the milk and molasses cause the bots to let go their hold, the tea puckers them up, and the oil carries them entirely away. If you have any doubt, one trial will satisfy you per- fectly. In places where the currier's oil cannot be obtained, substitute the lard, adding three or four ounces of salt with it ; if no lard, dis- solve a double handful of salt in warm water, three pints, and give all. RING-BONE AND SPAVINS— To Cure.— Egyptiacum and wine vinegar, of each, 2 ozs. ; water of pure ammonia, spirits of turpen- tine, and oil of origanum, of each, 1 oz. ; euphorbium and cantharides, of each, y^ oz.; glass made fine and sifted through gauze, 1 dr. ; put them in a bottle, and when used let them be well shaken. This is to 480 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. be rubbed upon the bone enlargement with the hand or spatula, for half an hour each morning:, for six or seven mornings in succession. Let the horse be so tied that he cannot get his mouth to the place for 3 or 4 hours, otherwise he will blister his mouth and blemish the part. Then let him run until the scab comes off of itself without scraping, which injures the roots of the hair. Then repeat as before, and follow up for 3 or 4 times blistering, and all bone enlargements will be re- absorbed, if not of more than a year or two's standing. It is also good for callous sinews, and strains of long standing, spavins, big-head, etc., but if there are ring-bones of so long stand- ing that this does not cause their cure, you will proceed as follows : 2. Add to the above compound, corrosive sublimate, in powder, 1^ oz.; oil of vitriol, 3^ oz. ; and common salt, 3^ oz. ; when it is again ready for use; always shaking well as you use either preparation. Now clip the hair and prick the bone or callous part as full of holes as you can with a pegging-awl, which is just long enough to break through the callous part only. Or a better way to break up this bony substance is to have a handle like a pegging-awl handle, with three or four awls in it, then tap it in with a stick, and give it a wrench at the same time, which does the hurting part with more speed. This done, bathe the part with vinegar, until the blood stops flowing ; then apply the double compound as at first, for four or five mornings only, repeating again if necessary ; and ninety-nine out of every hundred ring-bones or spavins will be cured, and most of them with only the first preparation. The Egyptiacum is made as follows: 3. Take verdigris and alum, in powder, of each, 13^ ozs. ; blue vitriol, powdered, 34 oz. ; corrosive sublimate, in powder, 1^ oz. ; vine- gar, 2^ ozs. ; honey, '% lb. ; boil over a slow fire until of a proper consistence. When used it must be stirred up well, as a sediment will deposit of some of the articles. If the hair does not come out again after using the last blister, use the "Good Samaritan Liniment" freely on the part; but the first will never disturb the growth of hair. It is best always to commence this kind of treatment early in the season, so as to effect a cure before cold weather comes on. 4. 0. B. Bancs' Cure for Rin^-Bone and Spavin.— Take of can- tharides, pulverized, British oil, oils of origanum and amber, and spirits of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; olive oil, 3^ oz.; oil of vitriol, 3 drs. ; put all, except the vitriol, into alcohol, stir the mixture, then slowly add the vitriol, and continue to stir until the mixture is com- plete, which is known by its ceasing to smoke. Bottle for use. Directions. — Tie a piece of sponge upon a stick and rub the preparation, by this means, upon the spavin or ring-bone as long as it is absorbed into the parts ; twenty-four hours after, grease well with lard ; and in twenty-four hours more, wash oft" well with soap-suds. Mr. Bangs lives at Napoleon, Mich., and has sold books for me nearly two years. He says one application will generally be sufficient for spavins, but may need two; ring-bones always require two or three applications, three or four days apart, which prevents the loss of hair; if not put on oftener than once in three or four days, the hair not coming out at all. Said to cure wind-galls, splints, etc. He obtained five dollars for curing a neighbor's horse of ring-bone, with this prep- aration — stopping all lameness, but not removing the lump. 5. In very bad cases, of long standing, he thinks it preferable to use the following : Take alcohol, 1 pt. ; sal-ammoniac, corrosive sublimate, and oil of spike, of each, 1 oz. ; mix. Farriers' Department. 481 Apply, by washing off and using lard afterwards, as above di- rected, washing also forty-eight hours after; and when drj^ apply the first liniment once or twice, according: to directions. The object of this last is to open the pores of the skin, and soften the lump. 6. Ring:- Bone Remedy. — Pulverized cantharides, oils of spike, origanum, amber, cedar, Barbadoes tar, and British oil, of each, 2 ozs ; oil of wormwood, 1 oz. ; spirits of turpentine, 4 ozs.; common potash, 3^ oz. ; nitric acid, 6 ozs. ; and oil of viti'iol (sulphuric acid), 4 ozs. ; lard, 3 lbs. Directions. — Melt the lard and slowlj' add the acids, stir well, and add the others, stirring until cold. Clip off the hair, and apply by rubbing and heating in. In about three days, or when it is done run- ning, wash off with suds and apply again. In old cases it may take three or four weeks, but in recent cases two or three applications have cured. It has cured long standing cases. T. Rawson's Rin^-Boiie and Spavin Cure. — Venice turpentine and Spanish tlies, of each, 2 ozs. ; euphorbium and aqua-ammonia, of each, 1 oz. ; red precipitate, % oz ; corrosive sublimate, }^ oz. ; lard, 13^ lbs. Pulverize all, and put into the lard. Simmer slowly over coals, not scorch or burn, and pour off free of sediment. Directions. — For ring-bones, cut off the hair and rub the oint- ment well into the lumps once in forty-eight hours. For spavins, once in twenty-four hours for three mornings, has perfectly cured them. Wash well, each application, with suds, rubbing over the place with a smooth stick to squeeze out a thick yellow matter. Mr. Rawson, of Rawsonville, Mich., has cured some exceedingly bad cases of ring-bones, one as thick us a man's arm; and spavins as unpromising in size, if properly cooked, it will foam like boiling sugar. 8. Indian Method.— Bind a toad upon it ; or two, if one does not cover it, and keep it on from 8 to 10 days. An Indian cured a horse in this way, near St. Louis, for which he coveted, and received, a rifle. The cure proved permanent. 9. Bone-Spavins.— French Paste— $300 Recipe.--Corrosive sub- limate, quicksilver, and iodine, of each, 1 oz., with lard only suflacient to form a paste. Directions. — Rub the quicksilver and iodine together, then add- ing the sublimate, and finally the lard, rubbing thoroughly. Shave oft* the hair the size of the bone enlargement ; then grease all around it, but not where the hair is shaved off; this prevents the action of the medicine, only upon the spavin; now rub in as much of the paste as will lie on a three-cent piece only, each morning for four mornings only ; in from seven to eight days the whole spavin will come out ; then wash out the wound with suds, soaking well, for an hour or two, which removes the poisonous effects of the medicine and facilitates the healing, which will be done by any of the healing salves ; but I would prefer tlie green ointment to any other in this case. Mr. Andrews, late of Detroit, who during his life knew a good horse, and also desired to know how to take good care of them, did not hesitate to pay three hundred dollars for this recipe after seeing what it would do.' He removed a spavin from a mare's leg with it, and she afterwards won him more than the expense. 10. Bone-Spavins— ?i or wegian Cure.— S. B. Marshall, the cham- pion horse-shoer and farrier, of White Pigeon, Mich., obtained this plan of an old Norwegian farrier, and also his plan of curing poll-evil, which see, and assures me that he has been very successful with them. 21 482 Dr, Chase' s Recipes. I obtained them of him for the purpose of publication, and sincerely thinli I can recommend them to all who need them : Take doo;'s grease, )^pt. ; best oil of origanum, 1^^ ozs. ; pulver- ized cantharides, 3^ oz. Mix, and apply each morning, for three mornings, heating it in with a hot iron each time ; then skip 3 morn- ings, and apply again, as before, until it has been applied 9 times ; after which wait about 10 days, and if it is not all gone, go over again in the same way. He says it does not remove the hair, but that it cures the largest and worst cases. He gives a test for good oil of origanum, saying that much of it is reduced with turpentine; and if so reduced, that it will spread on the skin, like turpentine; but if good, that it does not spread on the skin, but stands, like other oil, where a drop is put on. I am not certain about the genuineness of this test; yet I tind quite a differ- ence in the spreading of the oils; for that which is known to contain turpentine spreads fast and freely, whilst that which is believed to be pure spreads very slowly, yet does finally spread. The pure is of a dark wine color, whilst the poor is of a lighter shade, and somewhat cloudy. 11. Spavin Liniment. — Oils of spike, origanum, cedar, British and spirits of turpentine, of each, 1 oz. ; Spanish flies, pulverized, ^oz. Apply once in six to nine days only — removes the lump of spavins, splints, curbs, etc., if of recent occurrence; and the man of whom 1 obtained it, says he has scattered poll-evils before breaking out, with cedar oil, alone. 12. Another. — Alcohol and spirits of turpentine, of each, % pt.; gum camphor, laudanum, and oil of cedar, of each, 1 oz.; oils of hem- lock and rhodium, and balsam of fir, of each, % oz.; iodine, 1 dr. ; mix. Apply night and morning, first washing clean and rubbing dry with a sponge ; then rub the liniment into the spavin with the hand. It causes a gummy substance to ooze out, without injury to the hair — has cured ring-bones, also removing the lumps in recent cases. It cured the lameness in a case of three years' standing. 13. Splint and Spavin Liniment. — Take a large-mouthed bottle and put into it oil of origanum, 6 ozs. ; gum camphor, 2 ozs. ; mercu- rial ointment, 2 ozs. ; iodine ointment, 1 oz. ; melt by putting the bottle into a kettle of hot water. Apply it to bone-spavins or splints twice daily, for four or five days. The lameness will trouble you no more. I have had men cure their horses with this liniment, and remark that this recipe alone was Avorth more than the price of the book. 14. Bog-Spavin and Wind-Gall Ointment, also good for Cnrbs, Splints, Ring-Bones, and Bone-Spavin. — Take pulverized cantharides, 1 oz. ; mercurial ointment, 2 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, \% ozs.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, \}4, drs. ; lard. 1 lb. Mix well, and when desired to apply, first cut off the hair, wash well and anoint, rubbing it in with the hand, or glove, if preferred. Two days after, grease the part with lard, and in two days more, wash off and apply the ointment again. Repeat the process every week, as long as necessary. SWEENY— Liniment. — Alcohol and spirits of turpentine, of each, 8 ozs. ; camphor gum, pulverized cantharides, and capsicum, of each, \ oz ; oil of spike, 3 ozs. Mix. Perhaps the best plan is to tincture the capsicum first, and use th6 Farriers' Department. 483 tincture instead of the powder, by which means you are free of sedi- ment; bathe this liniment in with a hot iron. The first case has yet to be found where it has not cured this disease wlien faithfully followed. 2, Another. — Sal-ammoniac, 2 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. ; alcohol, 1 qt. ; water, 1 qt. ; pulverize and mix. This last has cured many cases of sweeny, and also kidney com- plaints, known by a weakness in tlie back, of horses or cattle. Bathe the loins with it; and give one to two table-spoons ut a dose, daily. POLL-ETIL AND FISTULA— Positive Cure.— Common potash, 1^ oz. ; extract of belladonna, 3^ dr.; gum arable, ^ oz. Dissolve the gum in as little water as practicable ; then, having pulverized the pot- ash, unless it is moist, mix the gum water with it, and it will soon dis- solve; then mix in the extract, and it is ready to use; and it can be used without the belladonna, but it is more painful without it, and does not have quite as good an effect. Directions.— The best plan to get this into the pipes is by means of a small syringe, after having cleansed the sore with soap-suds; re- peat once in two days, until all the callous pipes and hard fibrous base around the poll-evil or fistula is completelj^ destroyed. Mr. Curtis, a merchant of Wheaton, 111., cured a poll-evil with this preparation, by onl}'- a single application, as the mare estrayed and was not found for two months — then completely sound ; but it will generally require two or three applications. This will destroy corns and warts, by putting a little of it upon the wart or corn, letting it remain from five to ten minutes, then wash off and apply oil or vinegar, not squeezing them out, but letting na- ture remove them. 2. Potash, to Make. — If you cannot buy the potash, called for in the last recipe, you can make it by leeching best wood ashes and boiling down the lye to what is called black salts, and continuing the heat in a thick kettle until they are melted; the heat burns out the black impurities and leaves a whitish-gray suljstance, called potash. This potash, pulverized and put into all the rat holes about cellars, causes them to leave in double-quick time, as- mentioned in the " Rat Exterminator." The black salts will do about as well for rats, but is not quite so strong. They get their feet into it, which causes a biting worse than their own, and they leave without further ceiemony. Potash making in timbered lands is carried on very extensively; using the thick, heavy potash-kettle to boil and melt in, then dipping it out into three and five-pail iron kettles to cool. 3. Poll-Evil and Fistula— Norwegian Cure.— Cover the head and neck with two or three blankets; have a pan or kettle of the best warm cider vinegar, holding it under the blankets; then steam the parts by putting hot stones, brick, or iron, into the vinegar, and con- tinue the operation until the horse sweats freely; doing this 3 morn- ings and skipping 3, until 9 steamings have been accomplished. Mr. Marshall says, the pipes, by this time, will seem to have raised up and become loose, except the lower end, which holds upon the bone or tendons, like a sucker's mouth ; the apparent rising being caused by the going down of the swelling in the parts. Now tie a skein of silk around the pipes and pull them out ; washing the parts with weak cop- peras water until the sore heals up and all is well. He told me that he cured, in this way, a horse which had interfered until a pipe had formed at the place of interference, upon the leg, that when drawn out was as long as his finger. See the "Norwegian Cure for Bone-* Spavin." 484 Dr. Chasers Recipes. 4. Another. — Rock salt and bine vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; copperas, y^ oz. ; pulverize all tinely, and mix well. Fill a goose-quill with the powder, and push it to the bottom of the pipe, having a stick in the top of the quill, so that you can push the powder out of the quill, leaving it at the bottom of the pipe; re- peat again in about four days, and in two or three days from that time you can take hold of the pipe and remove it, without trouble. 5. Poll-Evil, to Scatter. — Take a quantity of mandrake root, mash, and boil it; strain and boil down until rather thick, then form an ointment by simmering it with sufficient lard for that purpose. Anoint the swelling once a day, for several days, until well. It has cured them after they were broken out, by putting it into the pipes a few times, also anointing around the sore. 6. Another. — Poll-evils and fistulas have been cured by pushing a piece of lunar caustic into the pipe, then filling the hole with cur- rier's oil. Or : 7. Another. — Corrosive sublimate the size of a common bean, pulverized and wrapped in tissue paper, and pressed to tlie bottom of tlie pipes, leaving it in eight days, then take out, and applying the blue ointment, (kept by druggists,) has cured them. Or : 8. Another. — Arsenic, tlie size of a pea. treated in the same way, has cured the same disease. But if the Norwegian plan will work as recommended, it is certainly the best of all. 9. Another. — Oil of vitriol, put into the pipes, has cured many cases. I found one man, also, who had cured poll-evil by placing a bar- rel of water about fifteen feet high, on a platform, upon two trees — administering a shower-bath daily upon the sore ; drawing the water by a faucet, through a dinner horn placed little end down ; tying the horse so as to keep him in position until the water all runs out. Fif- teen or twenty baths cured him, but it broke out again the next sea- son, when a few more baths made a final cure. LOOSENESS OR SCOURING IN HORSES OR CATTLE—InUse Over Seventy Years. — Tormentil root, powdered. Dose. — For a horse or cow, 1 to 13^ ozs. It may be stirred in 1 pt. of milk and given, or it may be steeped in 1% pts. of milk, then given from 3 to 5 times daily until cured. It has proved valuable also for persons. Dose. — For a person, would be from one-half to one tea-spoon steeped in milk ; but if used for persons, I should recommend that half as much rhubarb be com- bined with it. An English gentleman from whom it was obtained, had been fa- miliar with its use nearly eighty years, and never knew a failure, if taken in any kind of seasonable time. The tormentil, or septfoil, is a European plant, and very astringent. 2. Beef Bones for Scours. — Burn the bones thoroughly and pul- verize finely; then give 1 table-spoon in some dry feed, 3 times daily, until checked. This preparation has thirty years' experience of an American gentleman, near Fentonville, Mich., to recommend it to general favor. 3. Scours and Pin-Worms of Horses and Cattle.— White ash bark, burnt to ashes, and made into rather a strong lye; then mix f^ pt. of it with warm water, 1 pt., and give all, 2 or 3 times daily. Whenever it becomes certain that a horse or cow is troubled with pin-womis, hy their passing from the bowels, it is best to administer Farriers' Department. 485 the above, as they are believed to be the cause, generally, of scours, and this remedy carries off the worms, thus curing the inflammation by removing the cause. HORSE OINTMENT— De Gray or Sloan's.— Resin, 4 ozs.; bees- wax, 4 ozs. ; lard, 8 ozs. ; honey, 2 ozs. Melt these articles slowly, gently bringing to a boil; and as it begins to boil, remove from the tire and slowly add a little less tlian a pint of spirits of turpentine, stirring all the time this is being added, and stir until cool. This is an extraordinary ointment for bruises, in flesh or hoof, broken knees, galled backs, bites, cracked heels, etc., etc. ; or when a horse is gelded, to heal and keep away flies. It is excellent to take fire out of burns or scalds in human flesh also. CONDITION POWDERS-Said to be St. John's.— Fenugreek, cream-of-tartar, gentian, sulphur, saltpetre, resin, black antimony, and ginger, equal quantities of each, say 1 oz,; all to be finely pulverized; cayenne, also fine, half the quantity of any one of the others, say 3^ oz. Mix thoroughly. It is used in yellow water, hide-bound, coughs, colds, distemper, and all other diseases where condition powders are generally adminis- tered. They carry off gross humors and purify the blood. Dose. — In ordinary cases give tw^o tea-spoons once a day, in feed. In extreme cases give it twice daily. If these do not give as good satisfaction as St. John's or any other condition powder that costs more than double what it does to make this, then I will acknowledge that travel and study are of no account in obtaining information. SJ, Cathartic Condition Powder.— Gamboge, alum, saltpetre, resin, copperas, ginger, aloes, guni-myrrh, salts, and salt, and if the horse is in a very low condition, put in wormwood, all the same quan- tities, viz., 1 oz. each. Dose. — One table-spoon in bran, twice daily; not giving any other grain for a few days; then once a day, with oats and other good feed. This last is more applicable for old worn-down horses which need cleaning out and starting again into new life, and in such cases, just the thing to be desired. HORSE LINIMENT— For Stiff-Neck from Poll-Evils.— Alcohol, 1 pt. ; oil of cedar, origanum, and gum camphor, of each, 2 ozs. ; oil of amber, 1 oz. ; use freely. 2. English Stable Liniment— Very Strong.— Oil of spike, aqua ammonia, and oi7 of turpentine, of each, 2 ozs.; sweet oil and oil of amber, of each, \% ^zs. ; oil of origanum, 1 oz. Mix. Call this good for anything, and always keep it in the'stable as a strong liniment ; the Englishman's favorite for poll-evils, ring-bones and old lameness, inflammations, etc. If much inflammation, how- ever, it will fetch the hair, but not destroy it. 3. Nerve and Bone Liniment. — Take beef s gall, 1 qt.; alcohol, 1 pt. ; volatile liniment, 1 lb. ; spirits of turpentine, 1 lb. ; oil of ori- ganum, 4 ozs. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs. ; tincture of cayenne, % Pt*; oil of amber, 3 ozs. ; tincture of Spanish flies, 6 ozs. Mix. Uses too well known to need description. This is more particu- larly applicable to horse flesh. 4. Liniment for One Shilling a Quart.— Best vinegar, 2 qts.; saltpetre, pulverized, % ^b- » ^^^> ^^^ ^^^ "^ *^ warm place, until dis- solved. It will be found valuable for spavins, sprains, strains, bruises, old swellings, etc. BROKEN LIMBS— Treatment, instead of inhumanly Shooting 486 Dr. Chasi s Recipes, the Horse. — In the greater number of fractures it is only necessary to l)artially sling the horse by means of a broad piece of sail or other strong cloth, (as represented in the figure,) placed under the animal's belly, furnished with two breechings and two breast-girths, and by means of ropes and pulleys attached to a cross-beam above, he is ele- vated or lowered, as may be required. It would seldom be necessary to raise them entirely off of their feet, as they will be more quiet, generally, when allowed to touch the ground or floor. The head-stall should be padded, and ropes reaching each way to the stall, as well as forward. Many horses will plunge about for a time, but soon quiet down, with an occasional exception. When they become quiet, set the bone, splint it well, padding the splints with batting, securing carefully; then keep wet with cold water, as long as the least inflammation is present, using light food, and a little water at a time, but may be given often. The use of the different buckles and straps will be easily under- stood. SUPPOKTING APPAKATDS IN LAMENESS OF HORSES. If he is very restive, other ropes can be attached to the corner rings, which are there for that jiurpose, and will aflbrd much addi- tional relief to the horse. I knew a horso's thigli to crumble upon the race-course, without apparent cause, which lost him the stake he would have easily won. He was hauled miles upon a sled, slung, and cured by his humane owner. Then let every fair means be tried, before you consent to take the life, even of a broken-legged horse. TVOUNI) BALSAM— For "Horses or Human Flesh.— Gum ben- zoin, in powder, G ozs. ; balsam of tolu, in powder, 3 ozs. ; gum storax, 2 ozs. ; frankincense, in powder, 2 ozs. ; gum myrrh, in powder, 2 ozs. ; Socotorine aloes, in powder, 3 ozs. ; alcohol, 1 gal. Mix them all to- Farriers* Department, 487 gether, and put them in a digester, and give tliem a gentle heat for 3 or 4 days, tlien strain. A better medicine can hardly be found in the materia medica for healing fresh wounds in every part of the body, particularly those on the tendons or joints. It is frequently given internally along with other articles, to great advantage, in all colds, flatulency, and in other debilities of the stomach and intestines. Every gentleman, or farmer, ought to keep this medicine ready prepared in his house, as a family medicine, for all cuts, or recent wounds, either among his cattle or any of his family. Thirty or forty drops, on a lump of sugar, may be taken ai any time, for flatulency, or pain at the stomach; and in old age, where nature requires stimulation. — Every Man His Own Farrier. GREASE-HEEL AND COMMON SCRATCHES— To Cure.— Lye made from wood ashes, and boil white oak bark in it until it is quite strong, both in lye and bark ooze; when it is cold, it is ready for use. First wash off" the horse's legs with dish water or castile soap; and when dry, apply the ooze with a swab upon a stick which is sufficiently long to keep out of his reach, as he will tear around like a wild horse, but you must wet all well once a day, until you see the places are dry- ing up. The grease-heel may be known from the common scratches by the deep cracks, which do not appear in the common kind. Of course this will fetch oft* the hair; but the disease has been known to fetch off the hoof; then to bring on the hair again, use salve made by stewing sweet elder bark in old bacon ; then form the salve by adding a little resin according to the amount of oil when stewed, about a quarter of a pound to each pound of oil. 2. Another. — Verdigris, % ^^''i whisky, 1 pt., are highly recom- mended for grease-heel. 3. Common Scratches. — iJse sweet oil, 6 ozs. ; borax, 2 ozs. ; sugar of lead, 2 ozs. ; mix and apply twice daily, after washing oft" with dish-water, and giving time to allow the legs to dry. These plans have been used for years, by George Clemm, of Logansport, Indiana, and he assured me that the worst cases will be cured, of either disease, in a very few days. 4# Another. — Copperas and chamber-lye are known to be good for common scratches, applied, as the last, after washing with dish- water and drying. This last can be tried first, as it is easily obtained, and if it doesnot succeed you will not fail with the other. SADDLE AND HARNESS GALLS— Kruises, Abrasions, Etc.— Remedy. — White lead and linseed-oil mixed as for paint,Js almost in- valuable in abrasions, or galls from the saddle or collar, or from any other cause; it will speedily aid the part in healing. Applied with a brush to the leg of a horse, the outer coating of hair and skin of which was torn off", caused it to heal and leave no scar. It is good for scratches and all sores upon horses, or other animals, and equally good for men. It forms an air-tight coating, and soothes pain. Every farmer should keep a pot and brush ready for use. White lead is the carbonate of the metal, and when pure is very white. That hav- ing a greyish tint is impure, being generally adulterated. For use as a paint, a lead color is produced by adding lamp black, and a drab or stone color, by adding burned umber. In applying it for scratches, first wash them clean with soap and water, then apply. Some persons prefer lamp oil. If that is used, you will mix both together until the oil assumes a light straw color. When the horse comes in at night, his legs should be washed perfectly clean 488 Dr. Chase's Recipes, and rubbed perfectly dry. Then apply the mixture, rubbing it well to the skin. Two or three applications are sufficient to effect a perfect cure, no matter how bad the case may be. — Correspondence, of the Country Oentleman. To give confidence in this, I would say that a lady, at Lafayette, Indiana, told me she cured herself of salt- rheum with white-lead and sweet oil only. 2. Another. — Alcohol and extract of lead, of each, 2 ozs. ; soft water, 4 ozs. ; spirits of sal-ammoniac, 1 oz. ; white copperas, 3^ oz. Mix all and shake as used, " Knowlson's Complete Farrier" speaks very highly of this ast preparation, which can be tried, should the first above fail. 3. Sores from Chafing of the Bits. — Chloroform and sulphuric ether, equal parts of each. Keep closely corked. Sponge off the mouth with water every time the bits are taken out; then wet well with the mixture. It will also be found valuable to re- move soreness from any cause, on man or horse. 4. Another. — White ashes and spirits of turpentine, of each,!)^ table-spoons; black pepper, ground, 1 table-spoon; lard to make 1 pt. of all, mix well and anoint. HEAVES — Great Kelief.— Heaves, a common name for any diffi- culty in the breathing of a horse, is susceptible of great alleviation by attention to the character and quantity of food to be eaten by the animal, as every one knows. If a horse sufltering from this disease, is allowed to distend his stomach at his pleasure, with dry food entirely and then to drink cold water, as much as he can hold, he is nearly worthless. But if his food be moistened, and he be allowed to drink a moderate quantity only at a time, the disease is much less troublesome. A still farther alleviation maj'- be obtained from the use of balsam of fir and balsam of copaiba, 4 ozs. each; and mix with calcined mag- nesia sufficiently thick to make it into balls; give a middling sized ball, night and morning for a week or 10 days. This gives good satisfaction, and is extensively sold by Eberbach & Co., druggists of this city. 2. Another. — An old Farrier assures me that lobelia, one tea- spoon, once a dav, in his feed, for a week, and then once a week; that you can hardly tell whether a horse ever had the heaves or not, 3. Another. — H, Sisson, another Farrier, gives me a cure which somewhat resembles the ball first given under this head, and thus each one supports the other. He takes calcined magnesia, balsam of fir, and balsam of copaiba, of each, 1 oz.; spirits of turpentine, 2 ozs,; and puts them all into 1 pt. of the best cider vinegar, and gives for a dose 1 table-spoon in his feed, once a day, for a week; then every other day for 2 or 3 months. The horse will cough more at first, but looser and looser until cured. Wet his hay with brine, and also wet his feed. 4. Another. — Mr. Bangs, highly recommends the following: Lo- belia, wild turnip, elecampane and skunk cabbage, equal parts of each. Make into balls of common size, and give one tor a dose, or make a tincture, by putting 4 ozs. of the mixture into 2 qts. of spirits; and after a week put 2 table-spoons into their feed, once a day for a month or two. 5. Another.— Oyster shells, 1 peck; burn into lime and pulverize; mix a single handful of it with ^gill of alcohol, then mix it with the oats each morning until all is given. This for bellows -heaves has done very much good. Horse-radish grated and put in with the feed has benefited. Cabbage, as common Farriers' Department. 489 feed, is good to relieve, or any juicy food, like pumpkins, etc., etc.,Trill be found to relieve very much Farmers who have their horses always at home, can keep them comfortably with some of the foregoing direc- tions ; but broken-winded horses might as well be knocked in the head as to attempt to'travel with them, expecting any satisfaction to horse or driver. 6. Another. — A correspondent of the Country Oentleman says that " heaves may be greatly alleviated by feeding raw fat pork. " Commence with a piece of pork, say a cubic inch, chopped very fine, and mixed with the wetted grain or cut feed, twice a day for two or three days. Then from day to day increase the quantity and cut less fine, until there is given with each feed sucli a slice as usually by a farmer's wife is cut for frying — nearly as large as your hand, cut into fifteen or twenty pieces. " Continue this for two weeks, and the horse is capable of any or- dinary work without distress, and without showing tlie heaves. I have experience and observation for the past ten years as proof of the above." — ['/•> <^f Burlington, Vt.'] DISTEMPER— To Distinguish and Cure.— If it is thought that a horse has the distemper, and you do not feel certain, wet up bran with rather strong weak lye — if not too strong they will eat it greedily; if they have the distemper, a free discluirge from tlie nostrils and a con- sequent cure will be the result, if continued a few days; but if only a cold, with swellings of the glands, no change will be discovered. SHOEING HORSES— For Winter Travel.— N. P. Willis, of the Home Journal, in one of his recent Idlewild letters, says: "You have discovered, of course, that you cannot have uninter- rupted winter riding with a horse shod in the ordinary way. The sharp points of the frozen mud will wound the frog of the foot; and with snow on the ground, the hollow hoof soon collects a hard ball which makes the footing very insecure. But these ^ils are remedied by a piece of sole leather nailed on under the shoe — a protection to the hoof which makes a sur|)rising difference in the confidence and sure- footed ness of the animal's step." FOUNDER — Remedy. — Draw about 1 gal. of blood from the neck; then drench the horse with linseed-oil, 1 qt.; now rub the forelegs, long and well, with water as hot as can be borne without scalding. This remedy entirelj'^ cured a horse which had been foundered on wheat, two days before the treatment began. PHYSIC— Ball for Horses. — Barbadoes aloes from 4 to 5 or 6 drs., (according to the size and strength of the horse); tartrate of potassia, 1 dr. ; ginger and castile soap, of each, 2 drs.; oil of anise, or peppermint, 20 drops; pulverize, and make all into one ball with thick gum solution. Before giving a horse physic, he should be prepared for it by feed- ing scalded bran, in place of oats, for two days at least, giving also water which lias the chill taken oft', and continue this feed and drink during the operation. If it should not operate in forty-eight hours, repeat half the dose. 2. Physic for Cattle.— For cattle, take half only of the dose, above, for a horse, and add to it glauber salts, 8 ozs. ; dissolve all in gruel, 1 qt , and give as a drench : for cattle are not easily managed in giving balls, neither is their constitution adapted to dry medicine. There is not the need of preparation for cattle, generally, as for horses, from the fact of their not being kept up to grain, if they are, however, let the same precautions be observed as in " Physic Ball for Horses.'' 49^ ^^' Chase's Recipes. HOOF- AIL IN SHEEP— Sure Remedy.— Muriatic acid and butter of antimony, of each, 2 ozs. ; white vitriol, pulverized, 1 oz. Mix. Directions. — Lift the foot and drop a little of it upon the bottom. It will need to be applied only once or twice a week— as often only as they limp, which shows that the foot is becoming tender aj^ain. It kills the old hoof, and a new one soon takes its place. Have no fears about the result; apply the medicine as often as indicated, and all is safe. It has proved valuable in growing off horse's hoofs, when snagged, or contraction made it necessary. EYE-WATER— For Hbrses and Cattle.— Alcohol, 1 table-spoon ; sugar of lead, I tea-spoon; rain water i^ pt. Wash the eye freely, two or three times daily. But I prefer the "Eye Water" as prepared for persons; and allow me here to say that what is good for man, in the line of medicine, is good for a horse, by increasin'j: the dose to correspond. TAMINW— Principles Applied to Wild and Ticious Horses.— I have thought in closing up this Department, that I could not devote a page to abetter purpose than to the so-called secret of taming. For it is a secret, but it lies in a different point from what is generally be- lieved, whicli I will attempt to show. Several persons are advertising books for taming wild horses, and other persons are going about teaching the art to classes in private. Probably the pupils get their money's worth. But, why do so many fail ? The whole secret lies in this, that many persons can never handle a horse, iciih all the instruction in the world — it is not in them. They can- not establish a sympathy between themselves and the horse, and if the)'^ become horse trainers, they have only mistaken their calling, and the money they laid out is perhaps as cheap a way as they could be taught their mistake. To be a succe^gful horse trainer, he must have a sympathy with the horse, and a personal power of control. This reminds us of an old gentleman's remarks on the subject of sweeny. He said: "There were a great many recipes of penetrating oils, applications, etc., but the great secret was in /atVA," without which no person will persevere a sufficient length of time with either of them. This holds good in all diseases, as well as in handling or taming a horse. The mystcy or secret, then, is in knowing how. and having the stamina (power) to do it. As for recipes, they consist in using the horse-castor or wart, which grows upon the inside of the leg, grated fine, oil of cumin, and oil of rhodium, kept separate in air-tight bottles; these all possess peculiar properties for attracting and subduing animals. " Rub a little oil of cumin upon your hand, and approach the horse in the field, on the windward side, so that he can smell the cumin. The horse will let you come up to him without trouble. "Immediately rub your hand gently on the horse's nose, getting a little of the oil on it. You can then lead him anywhere. Give him a little of the castor on a piece of loaf-sugar, apple, or potato. " Put eight drops of the oil of rhodium into a lady's thimble. Take the thimble between the thumb and middle finger of your right hand, with the fore-finger stopping the mouth of the thimble to prevent the oil from running out whilst you are opening the mouth of the horse. ** As soon as you have opened the horse's mouth, tip the thimble over upon his tongue, and he is your servant. He will follow you like a pet dog." Very doubtful — [Author. Farriers' Department. ^nx " Ride fearless and promptly, with your knee pressed to the side of the horse, and your toes turned in and heels out; then you will always be on the alert for a shy or sheer from the horse, and he can' never throw you. "If you want to teach him to lie down, stand on his nigh or left side ; have a couple of leather straps, about six feet long; "tring up his left leg with one of them around his neck ; strap the other end of it over his shoulders; hold it in your hand, and when you are ready, tell him to lie down, at the same time gentlj^ firmly, and steadily pulling on the strap, touching him lightly with a switch. The horse will im- mediately lie down. Do this a few times, and you can make him lie down without the straps. " He is now your pupil and friend. You can teach him anything, only be kind to him — be gentle. Love him and he will love you. Feed him before you do yourself, shelter him well, groom him your- self, keep him clean, and at night always give him a good bed.'' It will be perceived, by reference to the following item from BdVa Life, that the secret for taming horses, by which Mr. Earey has made himself so rich and famous, instead of being a divination of his own was probably obtained by him through some accidental contact with an old volume, which has long disappeared from observation, and hardly- held a place in public libraries. A correspondent sends us the following: "In the Gentleman's Farrier, by Bartlett, (sixth edition) published in I7G2, (one hundred years ago,) page 293, is the following: * The method proposed by Dr. Bracken, is to tie up one of the fore feet close, and to fasten a cord or small rope about the other fetlock, bringing tlie end of it over the horse's shoulders ; then let him be hit or kicked with yaxxv foot behind that knee, at the same time pulling his nose down strongly to the manger. You will bring him upon his knees, where he should be held till he is tired which cannot be long, but if he does not lie down soon let him be thrust sideways against his quarters, to throw him over; by forcing him down several times in this way, you may teach him to lie down, at the same words you first used for that purpose." You will see that Mr. Rarey's system is exactly the same. From the foregoing it will be seen that he 6btainedX\\^ knowledge and naturally possessing the firmness,/eaWe5s energy and muscle suffi- cient to back the whole, he has become tJie horse tamer of the icorld. Without all these qualifications no one need undertake the busi- ness, no matter how often he pays five dollars for recipes or instruc- tion. APPENDIX TO FARRIERS' DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. ENGLISH RECIPES.— The following Recipes are very useful: Horse Ointment. — Kesin, 4 ozs.; bees' wax, 3 ozs.; hog's lard, "^ lb. ; common turpentine, 6 ozs.; dissolve in a pipkin with gentle heat; then add 2 ozs. of tine verdigris, stir well together, and strain the whole through a coarse cloth ; cool for use. This is a good ointment for a wound, or bruise in flesh or hoof, broken knees, galled backs, bites, cracked lieels, mallenders, or, when a horse is gelded, to heal and keep off the flieSk Purge for a Horse. — Aloes, 1 oz. ; rhubarb, 2 drs. ; oil of mint, 4 drops, made into a ball with honey. Cordial for a Horse. — If the horse is weak through travel, give him a pint of warm ale, with 1 oz. of diapente in it. Diapente will comfort his bowels, drive out cold and wind, and may cause him to carry his food the longer. Diapente is composed of gentian root, bay berries, bay leaves, birthwort, mint, and myrrh. Sore Back. — If the saddle bruises his back and makes it swell, a greasy dishcloth laid on hot, and a cloth over it, bound on fifteen minutes, (with a surcingle), and repeated once or twice, will sink it flat. If it is slight, wash it with a little salt and water only. Alter the sad- dle, that it may not press on the tender part, for a second bruise will be worse than the first. Splint. — The splint is a fixed, callous, bony excrescence, growing upon the flat of the inside or outside, of the shark bone; a little under, and not far from the knee, and may be seen and felt. Core. — To take it off", first cut the hair close, then gently beat it with a round rule until it appears hot to the touch, then rub hard soap all around the edge of the splint, to prevent the blister affecting any other part, and apply on the splint the following blister ointment: mercurial ointment, 1 oz. ; (Spanish flies, 2 drs., mixed well together; a little of this may be applied once a week until the splint is removed. Spavin. — The Spavin is of the same nature, and appears, in like manner, on the instep bone behind, not far below the hough. Cure. — The same blister as recommended for splints: if it fails, firing and turning the horse to grass for three months, is the best method. HORSES — To Water. — Water is as necessary to a horse as food, and horses are found to thrive better by having water ad libitum than by being stinted. The best way is to have the manger divided, so that corn can be in one half and the water in the other: by tliis plan the horse takes the water as he wants it, and not when it is oftered to him. The plan of having the water in the manger has been tried by a great number of the London merchants, and found to answer admirably. How to Manage an Unmanageable Horse. — A beautiful and high-spirited horse would never allow a shoe to be put on his feet, or any person to handle his feet. In an attempt to shoe this horse recently he resisted all efforts, kicked aside everything but an anvil Appendix to Farriers' Department. 49 ■? and came near killing himself against that, and finally was brought back to his stable unshod. This defect was just on the eve of consign- ing him to the plow, where he might work barefoot, when an officer in our service, lately returned from Mexico, took a cord about the size of a common bed-cord, put it in the mouth of the horse like a bit, and tied it tightly on the animal's head, passing the left ear under the string, not painfully tight, but tight enough to keep the ear down and the cord in place. This done, he patted the horse gently on the side of the head, and commanded him to follow; and instantly the horse obeyed, perfectly subdued and as gentle and obedient as a well-trained dog; suffering his feet to be lifted with entire impunity, acting in all respects like an old stager. The gentleman who thus furnished this exceedingly simple means of subduing a very dangerous propensity, intimated that it was practiced in Mexico and South America in the management of wild horses. — New York Commercial Advertiser. MAGGOTS IN SHEEP— To Destroy.— Water, 1 qt.; spirit of tur- pentine, a table-spoon ; sublimate of mercury, as much as will lie upon a shilling; cork in a bottle, with a quill through the cork, so that the mixture may come a little at a time. Shake before using. Pour a little of the mixture upon the spots where the maggots are, and they will creep upon the top of the wool, and fall off dead. Apply after- wards a little train oil to the place. Liniment for Braises, Sprains, and Spavins. — We are indebted to Mr. Gai-ry Briggs, of Dexter, for the following recipe. He has dealt largely in horses for forty years. He says that for bruises and sprains it is the best thing he ever used, and keeps it constantly on hand. He has known several bone-spavins cured by it: Oil of amber, 1 oz.; oil of wormwood, 1 oz, ; oil of tansy, 1 oz. ; oil of spike, 1 oz. ; camphor gum, 2 ozs. ; ammonia, 2 ozs. ; small piece of Castile soap; spirits of wine, 1 pt. Rub in thoroughly with the hand. This recipe is rather strong for most cases, and will bear a lit- tle water added in ordinary cases, or where there is much inflamma- tion ; but in severe cases use full strength. The following recipes were furnished us by Mr. Horace Rosier, of this county, one of the most successful farriers, and an extensive dealer in horses and cattle, for over thirty years. The recipe for ring- bone and spavin has been sold alone for several hundred dollars, and is a sure cure if used in any kind of season. He has cured a great many with it : Weak Eyes, or Hooks. — First, rowel below the eyes and in the jaws — then, if the eyes are much inflamed, bleed two gallons from the neck vein, and use the eye wash or eye lotion everv morning; move the rowels every day, and let them remain in 15 or 20 days. If the eye shows a white speck in the center, there is no cure for it — the nerve of thee5'e is affected; but as long as the eye runs water, there are hopes of it, or the eyelids swell. All young horses are liable to have weak eyes. Eye Lotion — How to make it. — Take a good quality of liiiseed-oil, 1 pt., add to it 2 ozs. of spirits of ether, gum camphor % oz. Let it stand in some warm place until the oil cuts the gum, and it is fit for use. Apply it to the eye every morning with a soft feather; get it into the eyes as well as possible. This is better in winter than the wash; but the wash is best for summer. Eye Wash. — Take of sugar of lead, 2 drs.; white vitriol, 1 dr.; laudanum, 1 dr.; add to this 1 qt. of soft water; let it stand 6 or 8 hours, and it is fit for use. Wash the eyes out well every morning, after first washing the eyes well with cold water; follow this up for 3 494 Appendix to Farriers* Department, or 4 weeks, and then if the eyes are not much better, bleed and give a mild physic. The horse should be kept on low diet, ond not over- heated, or worked too hard; scalded bran and oats are good. Fistula or Poll Evil, — Cause, a bruise or stroke of some kind pro- duces fever in the muscles. Cure before it breaks: run a rowel or seton from the lower part of the swelling to the top through the center of the enlargement, then make the following lotion: Take of salamo- niac, 2 ozs. ; turpentine, 3^ pt. ; linseed-oil and spirits of tar, of each, 4 ozs. ; shake well, and apply it all over the swelling every other day; let the seton stay in until all the swelling is gone down — move it every day, and when all is gone draw it out. Bleed when you first open it; keep the part clean. Fistula After it Breaks. — If you find by probing it that the pipes run down towards surface, run down a seton through the bottom of the pipe, and anoint it with the following ointment: Take of mercurial ointment, 4 ozs.; cantharides, 3^ oz. ; anoint the seton every day until it runs a bloody matter, then draw it out if the pipes run down to the center of the shoulders, then run down a piece of the nitre of silver to the bottom, and use the liquid in the next following recipe: apply it on the swelling and on the sore every day; keep the part clean with soap and water. Liquid for Fistula or Poll Evil. — Take olive oil, 6 ozs.; turpen- tine, 3^ oz. ; oil of origanum, }^ oz. ; American or sinikey oil, 3 ozs. Mix well and apply it to the part affected, after the nitre of silver has been used; apply this every few days, until it heals up; the cleaner you keep the part the better. Stiff Shoulders or Sweeney. — Eowel from the top of the shoulder blade down as far as there is no pealing; first, cut through the skin, and then two thin fibres or strippings; use the blunt needle, move it back and forward five or six inches; draw in a tape or seton, and the next morning wet it with the tincture of cantharides; do this every other day, move them every day — wash the part clean — let the tape stay in until the matter changes to blood; this is for both diseases — let him run out if possible; he will be well in six or eight weeks; if for Sweeney you may work him all the lime. Hoof Bound or Tender Feet. — Cause of this is fever in the feet. Founder, or gravel, the symptoms are hot feet and a drawing in one inch from the top of the feet at the heels. Never have the feet spread at the heels nor rasped above the nail holes, for it will do the foot an injury. Follow the directions given here. Use either the hoof oint- ment or the hoof liquid; apply it according to the printed directions. For hoof bound or tender feet, apply it all around the top of the hoof down one inch every third day; if for split hoof, apply it every day. First, have a stiff" shoe on the foot, and cleanse the cut or crack. Never cut or burn for it. Hoof Ointment. — Take resin, 4 ozs.; bees' wax, 6 ozs.; lard, 2 lbs.; melt together, pour it into a pot, and turpentine, 3 ozs.; finely powder- ed verdigris, 2 ozs.; tallow, 1 lb, — stir all until it gets cool. This is one of the best medicines for the hoof ever used. It is good for corks or bruises of the feet. Follow the directions. Hoof Liquid. — For tender feet, hoof bound, etc. Linseed-oil, or neatsfoot oil, y^ pt., of either; turpentine, 4 ozs. ; oil of tar, 6 ozs. ; ori- ganum, 13 ozs. ; shake this well and apply it as the directions for the ointment tells. This is the best if the horse has been lame long — it penetrates the hoof sooner than the ointment — both of them should be applied at night, so that the horse can go to work in the morning. He need not lose one day's work. Appendix to Farriers* Department, 495 Hoof Eril, or Thrush, Grease Heels.— Cause of this disease iS over-feed, and want of exercise or standing ill a lilthy stable. Symp toms, well known — a discharge of offensive matter from tlie frog of the foot, and around tlie top of tlie foot; often the frog of the foot will come out ; then you must put a stiff shoe on to keep the foot from con- tracting. Cure. — Bleed, and physic, and poultice the foot with boiled tur- nips, add some tine ground charcoal — tliis must be done every night, for two or three nights, then wash tlie foot clean with castile soap and soft water, and apply the blue ointment every day — keep the horse on a clean floor, and he will be well in twelve days. How to Make the Blue Oiutmeiit. — Take the ointment of resin, 4 ozs. ; finely ground verdigris, 3^ oz. ; turpentine, 2 ozs. ; mutton tallow, 2 lbs. ; oil of origanum, 3^ oz. ; tincture of iodine, % oz. ; mix all well. This is one of the best medicines that can be made, for scratches, hoof-evil, cuts, and is good to apply on fistula, after the rowels have been taken out. Lung Fever. — Symptoms, — the horse is taken with a chill, then breaks out in a cold clammy sweat, — holds down his head — never offers to lay down, but groans when made to move — his ears and legs are deathly cold. The cause of this is change from warm to cold stable, too much cold water when warm. Cure. — Bleed four gallons from the neck vein, and take one ounce of aconite, add to it 3>^ gal. of cold water; drench him with one gill of it every three hours, blister him over the lungs, then j>ive him water to drink that hay has been boiled in, add to each gallon of it 1 ounce of gum arable, and V^, ounce of spirits of nitre, — give this every four hours, rub well, foment and rub the legs with alcohol and camphor, until they get warm — do not move him. Keep him in open stall if hot weather. Disease of the Liver, or Yellow Water. — Symptoms — the eyes run and turn yellow, the base of the mouth the same, the hair and ynane gets loose, and he often is lame in the right shoulder, and very costive. Cure. — Give the following ball every morning until it operates upon the bowels. Take aloes, 7 drs. ; calomel, 1 dr. ; ginger, 4 drs. ; and molasses enough to make it into a ball, wrap it in paper and give it ; give scalded bran and oats, grass if it can be got ; when his bowels have moved, stop the physic, and give one ounce of the spirits of camphor, in 3^ pint of water every morning, for twelve days, rowel in the breast, jind give a few doses rf cleansing powder. Turn him out. Cleansing' Powder. — This is used when the blood is out of order — good to restore lost appetite, — j^ellow water, and wherever it is to be used it is spoken of. Take one lb. of good ginger, 4 ounces of powder- ed gentian, 1 ounce of nitre, /^ ounce of crude antimony, 3 ounces of fenugieek, 3 ounces of elecampane, 5 ounces resin, mix all well, give one large spoonful every day in wet food. This is perfectly safe. Nasal Grleet, or Discharge from the Eye and Nose. — The cause of this is neglect in distemper, or over-heat or cold ; this is a white dis- charge from the nose, and is not contagious — and can be cured. Cure. — Stop working him — take of alum, >^ lb. ; resin, 3^ lb.; blue vitriol, 3^ lb. ; grind and mix well with % ^t). of ginger ; give one large spoonful every night and morning — bfeed one gallon. Keep him out of the wet, and do not work him. Disease of the Kidneys. — Caused by feeding dirty or musty grain, hard drawing, overloading him, or by giving too much turpentine. 49 6 Appendix to Farriers^ Department. Cure. — Blister over the kidneys, and give the following pills every- day: Take resin, 1 oz. ; juniper berries, o^round line, 1 oz.; flour, 2 ozs.; make all into a stiff paste, divide into 7 pills, give one every night, then use the cleansing' powder every day; if the horse has trouble to get up when he lies down, swing him up for two weeks, — give no food but that which is clean : this is half of the cure. Do not work nor ride him. How to make the White Ointment.— For rheumatism, sprains, burns, swellings, bruises, or any inflammation on man or beast, chap- ped hands, or lips, black eyes, or any kind ot bruise. Take fresh but- ter, 2 lbs. ; tincture of iodine, 3^ oz. ; oil of oiiganum, 2 ozs. ; mix this well for flfteen minutes and it is fit for use ; apply it every night; rub it in well with 3'^our hand ; if for human flesh lay on warm flannel. Black Liniment.— This is good to apply on poll evil— fistula. Take of linseed-oil, % pt. ; tincture of iodine, 3 ozs. ; tarpentine, 4 ozs. ; oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; shake all well, and apply it every day; rub it in well with your hand; wash the part clean with soap and water before applying it. This is good on any swelling. Soie Mouth or Tongue— Called Canker or Thrnsh.— Symptoms — the mouth runs water, the horse coods or throws the hay out of his mouth. The cause of this is often from frosty bits being put into the mouth, or by eating po^■507^c>W5 weeds. CuRE.^— Take of borax, 3 drs. ; sugar of lead, 2 drs. ; alum, y^ ^z. ; vinegar, 1 pt. ; sage tea, 1 pt. ; shake all well together, and wash the mouth out every morning — ^give no hay for twelve days. Groggry Knees. — The cause of this is sprains or over-driving, or by having corks, and no toes on the shoes. This can be cured in the first stages, but if of long standing, there is no cure. Cure. — Have shoes made thick at the toe and thin at the heels; take linseed oil, 3^ pt. ; alcohol, 4 ozs. ; camphor spirits, 1 oz. ; lauda- num, 2 ozs. ; shake, and applj^ to the back part of the legs, rub It in well every four days ; still increase the thickness of the shoes at the toe. How to Remove Warts. — Cut them out by the roots — take the tenackulum or hook, run it through the warts, and draw and cut round it, and draw it out; if it should bleed too much take 5 grains ot nitre of silver, and 2 ounce of w^atar ; wet a sponge, and merely touch the part with this wash, and it will stop them — treat it as any fresh wound — still every time you wash it scratch the scab off, so the scar will be small. This is the only sure way to cure them. Bots, — Symptoms — very much like that of the colic; the ears and the legs are hot, and sometimes the sweat will start in the flank and breast. Cure. — Make one-half gallon of sage tea, add to it one ounce of alum, drench with one-half of it, and if he is not better in thirty or f irty minutes, give the balance, and bleed one gallon — in six hours give a mild physic ; this will never fail if given in time. Never give turpentine, as many do; it will affect the kidneys. CoHc. — Symptoms— the horse lays down and gets up often, and looks around at his flank; his ears and legs are cold. Cause of this is cold water and change of food, over quantity of acid collecting in the stomach. Cure. — Take laudanum, 3^ oz.; sulphuric ether, 1 oz.; water, milk warm, % pt.; drench, and if not better in forty or fifty minutes, bleed, and repeat the drench. Do not allow the horse to be moved, while sick. _ — Appendix to Farriers' Department, 497 Fonntfer in the First Stages.— Symptoms— the horse is stiff, his feet hot, iiiid often tvembles, very thirsty. Cuke. — Blecjd from the neck vein three or four gallons, or until he falls, then give the following: Aloes, % oz. ; gamboge, 4 drs. ; oil of sassafras, % oz. ; make this into a pill, gfve it, and give him all the sassafras tea he will cifink; turn up his feet and fill them full of boil- ing hot laid, bathe his legs in hot water, and rub them well. This will never fail to cure in forty-eight hours. Sick Stomach — liebility.— Symptoms — the horse refuses to eat, thirsty, hangs his head, reels when he walks, eyes dull. Cuke. — Bleed one-half gallon, then if he will eat a mash give him one; give no hay ; then give him one-half ounce of rhubarb every night until it moves his bowels, then take of gentian root, 4 ozs.; fenu- greek, 2 ozs. ; nitre, 3^ oz. ; mix, and give a large spoonful every day ; do not give him too much to eat when hjs appetite returns. Distemper.— Symptoms— swelling under the jaws, cannot swallow. Cuke. — Bleed two gallons, and physic, then if a tumor is found under the jaws, open it— if not, apply the " General Liniment" to the swelling, or the " White Ointment " — make it break on the outside if possible, then give of the cleansing powder for ten or twelve days, in mashes. Turn him out if you can get pasture. General Liniment.— Turpentine, % pt. ; linseed oil, % pt. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, 1 oz. ; shake it all well. This is used for ditterent things spoken of in the different recipes, sores or swell- ings, sprains, etc. Sprains of the Stifle. -Symptoms— the horse holds up his foot, moans wlien moved, swells in the stifle — tliis is what is called stifling; there is no such thing as this joint getting out of place. Cure. — Bleed two gallons, foment the stifle with hot water, rub it dry, then bathe it well with the " General Liniment" every morn- ing and night, give him a mash and he will be well. Never allow any stifle shoe or cord on the foot or leg. Broken Knees. — This is caused by the horse falling on the knees. First, cleanse the part of all gravel and dirt, then w'ash them, — take two gills of alcohol, one-half ounce of arnica, tie the knees up in coarse linen, and if they swell in twenty lour hours, bleed, and keep the bowels open with mashes, and then apply the blue or the iodine ointment every other day ; do not use the horse until he is perfectly well, or it may cause the knees to break out again. Worms. — Symptoms— the horse eats, but will not thrive, his belly gets big, his hair stays. Cure. — Give one quart of strong tea, made of wormwood, at night, the next day give 7 drachms of aloes, 3 drachms calomel, make it into a ball and give it; give no cold water for forty-eight hours, make it milk Avarm ; give him two or three bran-mashes, and some of the cleansing powder ; if he shows any more symptoms repeat the dose in three weeks. This will never fail. Pliysic Ball. — Aloes, 3^ oz. ; gamboge, 3 drs. ; oil of juniper, 20 drops; make into a pill with a few drops of molasses, wrap it up in thin paper and grease it, di-avv out the tongue with the left hand, place the gag in the mouth, and run the pill back with the right hand until it drops ofl*, let the head down and give a sup of water. First, prepare the hurse by giving one or two mashes. Iodine Liniment. — Get one ounce of the grease iodine, one pint of alcohol, let this stand in the sun two days, and this is the tincture of iodine. Take 2 ounces of tincture and one-half pound of lard, mix 49 8 Appendix to Farriers* Department. well, and you have the iodine ointment. This is used wherever the recipes refer to the ointment. Bi^ or Milk Leg", — Tiiis is brought on by a hurt, a want of action in the absorbent system — it is dropsy of the muscles of the leg. Cure. — Apply ti»e " Liquid Blisterer" every three hours until it blisters, then in six hours grease with soft oil of any kind, then in eight days wash tlie pirt clean and apply it again — repeat it for three or four times, then use the iodine ointment — if this does not remove it all, ap- ply tlie spavin medicine: this will remove it all. Liquid lilisterer, — Take alcohol, 1 pt.; turpentine, 3^pt. ; aqua ammonia, 4 ozs. ; oil of origanum, 1 oz ; apply this as spoken of every three hours until it blistei's — do not repeat oftener than once in eight days, or seven at least, or it will kill the hair. Mangle and Surfeit. — Caused by ruuumg out in wet weather, over-driving and poor cleaning. Symptoms— the horse rubs and is itchy all over, broken out in scabs. Cure. — Bleed and physic, then take sulphur one-half lb., two lbs. of lard, mix well, grease the part affected every three or four days, stand the horse in the sun until all dries in, give him a few doses of the " Cleansing Powder." How to Tame the Wild Horse. — Halter him, and then take the warts from the leg, dry and powder, then blow it up his nose, tlu-n take the oil of rodium, drop a few drops on your hand, and rub it ov r his nose; this will make him follow yon, and you can do anything you wish. I paid Perry Plancher $20 for this recipe ; he is the Arabian horse tamer. How to Make a Horse Stand to be Castrated. — Put chloroform on a sponge and hold it to his nose a few seconds until he closes his eyes; remove it, and alter him. This can be given to perform any opera- tion — you can buy it at the drug store for seventy-live cents per pound. Spavin and Ringbone Medicine. — Take of cantharides, 2 ozs. ; mercurial ointment, 4 ozs. ; tincture of iodine, 5 ozs. ; turpentine, 4 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 5 drs. ; mix well with 2 lbs. of lard, color it if you like. Follow the directions here given. If for ringbone or bone spavin, cut off the hair from the part affected and merely grease the lump with the ointment. Rub it in well with the naked hand. In two days grease the part with lard, and in four days wash it off with soap and water and apply the ointment again. So repeat it every four days. If for windgalls, or bog-spavin, or curb, apply the ointment every six days. Johnston's Liniment. — Oil of origanum, 1 oz. ; alcohol, ^ pt. ; oil of cedar, 3^oz. ; oil of cloves, 3^ oz. ; turpentine, 3^oz, ; olive oil, 8 ozs. Shake all well. This is used for almost all complaints of the muscles. How to Cure Corn-?. — Take off the shoe, cut out the corns and drop in a few drops of muriatic acid, then make the shoes so they will not bear on the part affected, Apply the '* Hoof Liquid " to the hoof to remove the fever. This is a sure treatment. I never knew it to fail. Opodeldoc. — Take alcohol, 3^ gal. ; castile soap, 2 lbs. ; gum camphor, 4 ozs. ; oil of amber, 2 ozs. ; place the alcohol into a pot in hot water, shave up the soap and keep it hot until all dissolves, and 3^ou have the old original opodeldoc. Fresh Wounds. — First, stop the blood by tying the arteries, or by applying the following wash: Nitre of silver, 4 grs. ; soft water, 1 oz.; wet the wound with this and then draw the edges together by stitches one inch apart, then wash clean, and if any swelling in twent3'^-four hours, bleed, and apply the " Blue Ointment," or any of the liniments spoken of. Keep the bowels open. ^ Appe7idix to Parriers' Department, 499 Green Ointment. — Take 6 pounds of lard, put into a 10 gallon ket- tle, add 2 gallons of water, cut jimpson weeds, and lill thein in and cook tliem four to six hours, slow, and cook all the water out, then put into jars, add to each pound of ointment one ounce of turpentine. This is a cheap and good stable ointment — good f or scratcnes, galls, cuts, etc. Lainpers. — All young horses are liable to this trouble — it is noth- ing but inflammation of the gums. Cure. — Bleed, or scarifj'- the gums — never burn, for it spoils the teeth, and adds to the cause of the disease. Give a bran mash, rub the gums with salt — give the *•" Cleansing Powders." How to Make the Drops to Make Old Horses Young, or Get Up and Howl ! — Take the tincture of asafosdita, 1 oz. ; tincture of canthar- ides, 1 oz. ; oil of anise, 1 oz. ; oil of cloves, 1 oz, ; oil of cinnamon, 1 oz. ; antimony, 2 ozs. ; fenugreek, 1 oz. ; fourth proof brandy, )^ gal. ; let it stand ten or twelve days, and give ten drops in a pail of water — or one gallon. How to Make Ointment Like Sloan's. — Take mutton tallow, 4 lbs. ; bees' wax, 3^ lb. ; resin, 3^ lb. ; turpentine, 3 ozs, ; melt over a lire, and when partly cold add the turpentine, and you have the same ointment Sloan sells to cure everything — try it, and prove its value. Butten Farcin. — Uause, over heat, high feeding, and no exercise. Symptoms — the limbs swell up and break out in running sores. Core, — In first stages bleed and physic, tlien take gentian, 2 ozs. ; ginger, 3 ozs. ; make this into a stiff paste, divide into twelve parts, add to each part separately 10 grains of arsenic, make into pills, give one morning and evening, until it makes his mouth sore, then wash the sores clean, and apply the " Blue Ointment" to the wounds — if not much better in three weeks — bleed and repeat the pills. Apply the different liniments to the legs if they swell. Be careful not to get the matter on a wound, or it icill kill you. Water Farcy. — This is a swelling along under the chest, and for- ward to the breast. Bleed, rowel in the breast, and all along the swelling, six inches apart, apply the " General Liniment" to the swelling, move the rowels every clay, let them stay in until the swelling goes down. Give soft food, mashes, with the "Cleansing Powder" in it — this is dropsy. Many causes for it. See Yoafs work on it. Diabetes — Too Free Discharge of Urine, or Cannot Hold His Water.— 'Cure. — Give % oz. of the tincture of cantharides every morn- ing for ten or twelve days, and if not entirely well repeat it again, and bleed one gallon from the neck — give clean food — the cause is rotton or musty grain, or too free use of turpentine — keep him open with mashes and green food. Contraction of Tendons of the Neck. — Symptoms — often the head is drawn around to one side, again, the horse cannot get his head to the ground. Cause of this is spraining the horse, and rheumatism pro- duces the contraction. Cure. — If it is taken in the first stages, bleed from the neok two gal- lons, then foment or bathe the part well with hot water, rub it dry and take the "General Liniment" and apply it every day, two or three times; this will cure it if it is of long standing; then blister all along the part affected with the " Liquid Blister"; do this every three weeks until he is well, and rub with the " White Ointment." For Rheumatism. — Take alcohol, 3^' pt. ; oil of origanum, 3^ oz. ; cayenne, 3^ oz. ; gum myrrh, 3^oz. ; one tea-spoon of lobelia, and let all stand over night, then bathe the part affected. This is the best medi- cine I ever saw-^I paid $5 for this recipe. CABINET MAKERS' DEPARTMENT. POLISH— For New Furniture.— Alcohol, 98 per cent, 1 pt. ; gums copal and siiellac, of each 1 oz. ; dragon's blood, % ^^' ^J^> ^^^^ dis- solve by setting in a warm place. Apply with a sponge (it is best in the snn or a warm room) about three coats, one directly after the other as fast as dry, say lifteen or twenty minutes apart; then have a small bmich of cotton batting tied up in a piece of woolen ; wet this in alcohol and rub over the surface well; now go over the surface with a piece of tallow, then dust on rotten stone from a woolen bag and rub it with what is often called the heel of the hand; now wipe it off with cotton clotli, and the more you rub with this last cloth, the better will be the polish. Although this professes to be for new work, it does not hurt the looks of old, not the least bit. Try it, all who want their furniture to show a gloss and answer in place of looking-glasses. If soldiers will try it on their gun-stocks, they will find it just the thing desired. 2. Polish for Revivingr Old Furniture, Equal to the "Brother Jonathan." — Take alcohol, 1 J^ozs. ; spirits of salts (muriatic acid), 3^ oz. ; linseed-oil, 8 ozs. ; best vinegar, ^ pt. ; and butter of anti- mony, 11^ ozs.; mix, putting in the vinegar last. it is an excellent reviver, making furniture look nearly equal to new, and really giving a polish to new woi'k, always shaking it as used. But if you cannot get the butter of antimony, the following will be the next best thing: 3. Polish for Removing Stains, Spots, and Mildew, from Fur- niture. — Take of 98 per cent, alcohol, 3^ pt. ; pulverized resin and gum shellac, of each }£ oz. Let these cut in the alcohol; then add linseed- oil, 3^ pt.; shake well, and apply with a sponge, brush, or cotton flan- nel, or an old newspaper, rubbing it well after the application, which gives a nice polish. These are just the thing for new furniture when sold and about to be taken out of the shop; removing the dust and giving the new ap- pearance again. 4. Jet, or Polish for Wood or Leather, Black, Red, or Blue. — Alcohol (98 per cent.),l pt. ; sealing wux, the color desired, 3 sticks; dissolve by heat, and have it warm when applied. A sponge is the best to apply it with. For black on leather it is best to apply copperas water first, to save extra coats; and paint wood the color desired also, for the same reason. On smooth surfaces, use the tallow and rotten stone as in the first pol'sh. It may be applied to carriage-bodies, cartridge-boxes, dashes, fancy baskets, straw bonnets, straw hats, etc. FURNITURE— Finishing with only One Coat of Varnish, not Cabinet Makers' Department 501 using" Glue, Paste, or Shellac. — Take boiled linseed-oil and give tlie furniture a coat with a brush ; then immediately sprinkle dry whiting upon it and rub it in well with your hand, or a brush which is worn rather short and stiff, over all the surface — the whiting absorbs the oil; and the pores of the wood are thus filled with a perfect coat of putty, which will last for ages; and water will not spot it nor have any effect upon it. For mouldings and deep creases in turned work, you can mix them quite thick, and apply them together, with the old brush; but on smooth surfaces, the hand and dry whiting are best. If black walnut is the wood to be finished, you will put a trifle of burned umber in the whiting, — if for cherry, a little Venetian-red; beech or maple will re- quire less red. Only sufficient is to be used, in either case, to make the whiting the color of the wood being finished. Bedstead-posts, banis- ters, or standards for bedsteads, and all other turned articles, can have the finish put on in the lathe, in double quick time; spreading a news- paper on the lathe to save the scattering whiting, applying it with the hand or hands, having an old cloth to rub oft' the loose whiting which does not enter the pores of the wood, — the same with smooth surfaces also. This preparation is cheap; and it is a wonder that furniture men have not thought of it before. Three coats of varnish without it are not as level as one with it. From the fact that some of the varnish enters the pores of the wood and does not dry smooth; but with the pores filled with this preparation, of course it must dry smooth and level, without rubbing down. STAINS— Mahogany on Walnut, Natural as Nature.— Apply aquafortis by means of a rag tacked to a stick; for if you use a brush it will very soon destroy it. Set the furniture in the hot sun to heat in the aquafortis; if no sun, heat it in by a stove or fire. It is better if heated in, but does quite well without heating. Finish up in every other way as usual. This finish is applicable to fancy tables, stands, lounges, coffins, etc., and equally beautiful on knots and crotches, giving walnut the actual appearance of mahogany, and as it Yi apipearances o^xAy that most people depend upon, why will this not do as well as to transport tim- ber from beyond the seas? 2, Rose-wood Stain, Very Bright Shade— Use Cold.— Take alcohol, 1 gal.; camwood, 2 ozs.; let them stand in a warm place 24 hours; then add extract of logwood, 3 ozs. ; aquafortis, 1 oz. ; and when dissolved it is ready for use; it makes a very bright ground, like the most beautiful rose-wood — one, two, or more coats, as you desire, over the whole surface. This part makes the briirht streaks or grains; the dark ones are made by applying, in waves, the following: Take the iron turnings or chippings, and put vinegar upon them; let it stand a few hours and it is ready to apply over the other, by means of a comb made for graining; or a comb made from thinnish India-rubber; the teeth should be rather good length, say half an inch, and cut close together, or further apart, as desired; and with a little practice, excellent imitation will be made. This, for chairs, looks very beautiful to apply the darkening mix- ture by means of a flat, thin-haired brush, leaving only a little of the red color in sight; and if you want to make the cringles, as sometimes seen in rose-wood, it is done with a single tooth or pen, bearing on sometimes hard and then light, etc., etc. All can and must be got by practice. 502 Dr. Chasers Recipes. The above stain is very brio;ht. If, however, you wish a lower shade, use the next recipe. 3. Rose- wood Stain— Light Shade.— Take equal parts of log- wood and redwood chips, and boil well in just sufficient water to make a strong stain; apply it to the furniture while hot; 1 or 2, or even 3 coats may be put on, one directly after the other, according to the depth of color desired. For the dark lines, use the iron chippings as in the above recipie. Or, if a rose-pink is desired, use the following: 4. Rose-Pink, Stain and Yarnisli, also Used to Imitate Rose-wood. — Put an ounce of potash into a quart of water, with red- sanders, 1^^ ozs.; extract the color from the wood, and strain; then add gum shellac, 3^ lb. ; dissolve it by a quick fire. Used upon logwood stain for rose-wood imitation. 5. Black Walnut Stain. — Whenever persons are using walnut which has sap-edges, or if two pieces are being glued together which are different in shade, or when a poplar pannel, or other wood, is desired to be used to imitate black walnut, j'-ou will find the following to give excellent satisfaction : Spirits of turpentine, 1 gal.; pulverized gum asphaltum, 2 lbs. Put them into an iron kettle and place upon a stove, which prevents the possibility of fire getting at the turpentine; dissolve by heat fre- quently stirring until dissolved. Put into a jug or can while hot. When desired to use any of it, pour out and reduce with turpen- tine to the right shade for the work being stained With a little prac- tice you can make any shade desired. If used with a brush over a red stain, as mentioned in the rose- wood stain recipes, especially for chairs and bedsteads, it very nearly resembles that wood. Mixing a little var- nish with the turpentine when reducing it prevents it from spotting, and causes it to dry quicker. By rubbing a little lamp-black with it, you can make it a perfect black, if desired. 6. Cherry Stain. — Take rain water, 3 qts.; anotta, 4 ozs. ; boil in a copper kettle until the anotta is dissolved; then put in a piece of potash the size of a common walnut, and keep it on the fire about half an hour longer, and it is readj'^ for use. Bottle for keeping. This makes poplar or other light-colored woods so near the color of cherry that it is nard to distinguish; aud even improves the appear- ance of light-colored cherry. VARNISHES— Black, with Asphaltum.— Spirits of turpentine, 1 gal.; pulverized gum asphaltum, 2^ lbs.; dissolve by heat, over a stove fire. It is applied to iron, frames of door plates, back-grounds, in crystal painting, etching upon glass and also for fence-wire, or screens which are to go into water above mills to turn leaves and drift-wood, etc. 2. Patent Varnish, for Wood or Canvass. — Take spirits of turpen- tine, Igal.; asphaltum, 214 ihs. ; put them into an iron kettle which will fit upon a stove, and dissolve the gum by heat. When dissolved and a little cool, add copal varnish, 1 pt., and boiled linseed-oil, 3^ pt. When cold it is ready for use. Perhaps a little lamp-black would make it a more perfect black. If done over a common fire, the turpentine will be very likely to take fire and be lost, and perhaps fire the house or your clothes. This is valuable for wood, iron, or leather; but for cloth, first make a sizing by boiling fiax-seed, one quart, in water, one gallon; applying of this for the first coat; the second coat of common thick black paint; and lastly a coat of the varnish. Some think that sperm oil, the same quantity, makes a little better gloss. Cabinet Makers' Department. 5 03 3. Varnish, Transparent, for Wood.— Best alcohol, 1 ^al. ; nice gum shellac, 23^ lbs. Place the jug or bottle in a situation to keep it just a little warm, and it will dissolve quicker than if hot or left cold. This varnish is valuable for plows, or any other article where you wish to show the grain of the wood, and for pine, when you wish to finish up rooms with white, as the " Porcelain Finish." A coat or two of it effectually prevents the pitch from oozing out, which would stain the finish. If this stands in an open dish, it will become thick by evaporation; in such cases add a little more alcohol, and it is as good as before. Some do use as much as three and a half pounds of shellac, but it is too thick to spread well; better apply two or more coats, if necessary. When a black varnish is wanted, you can rub lamp-black with this, for that purpose, if preferred before the asphaltum, last given. BARBERS' AND TOILET DEPARTMENT. HAIR DYE— In Two Numbers.— No. 1.— Take gallic acid, ^oz.; alcohol, 8 ozs. ; soft water, 16 ozs. ; put the acid in the alcohol, then add the water. No. 2, — Take for No. 2, crystalized nitrate of silver, 1 oz, ; ammo- nia, strongest kind, 3 ozs. ; gum arable, 3^ oz. ; soft water, 6 ozs. Ob- serve, in making it, that the silver is to be put into the ammonia, and not corked until it is dissolved ; the gum is to be dissolved in the water, then all mixed, and it is ready for use. Barbers will probably make this amount at a time, as it comes much cheaper than in small quantities; but if families or others, for individual use, only wish a little, take drachms, instead of ounces, which you see will make only one-eighth of the amount. Directions for Applying. — First, wash the whiskers or hair with the "shampoo," and rinse out well, rubbing with a towel until nearly dry; then with a brush apply No. 1, wetting completely, and use the diy towel again to remove all superfluous water; then with another brush (tootli-brushes are best,) wet every part with No. 2, and it becomes instantaneously black; as soon as it becomes dry, wash off with hard water, then with soap and water ; apply a little oil, and all is complete. The advantages of this dye are, that if you get any stain upon the skin, wipe it off with a cloth at the time, and the washing removes all appearances of stain ; and the whiskers or hair never turn red, do not crack, and are a beautiful black. However, cyanuret of potassium, 1 dr., to 1 oz. of water, will take off any stain upon the skin, arising from nitrate of silver; but it is poison, and should not touch sore places nor be left where children may get at it. Persons whose hair is prematurely gray, will find dye less trouble in using, than the restoratives; for when once applied, nothing more needs being done for several weeks ; whilst the restoratives are only slow dyes, and yet need several applications. But that all may have the chance of choosing for themselves, I give you some of the best re- storatives in use. HAIll UESTOTIATIYES AND INTIGORATORS. — Equal to Wood's, for a Trifling Cost. — Sugar of lead, borax, and lac-sulphur, of each, 1 oz. ; aqua ammonia, ^ oz. ; alcohol, 1 gill. These articles to stand mixed for 14 hours; then add bay rum, 1 gill; fine table salt, 1 table-spoon ; soft water, 3 pts. ; essence of bergamot, 1 oz. This preparation not only gives a beautiful gloss, but will cause hair to grow upon bald heads, arising from all common causes; and turn gray hair to a dark color. MANNER OF APPLICATION. — When the hair is thin or bald, make two applications daily, until this amount is used up, unless the hair has come out sufiiciently to satisfy you before that time ; work it to the Barbers and Toilet Department. 505 roots of the hair with a soft brush or the ends of the fiugers, rubbinoj well each time. For g'ray hair one application dail}'^ is sufficient. It is harmless, and will do all that is claimed for it, does not cost only a trifle in comparison to the advertised restoratives of the da}?-, and will be found as good or better than most of them. 2. Invigoralor. — Vinegar of cantharides, 1 oz. ; cologne-water, 1 oz. ; and rose-water, 1 oz. ; mixed and rubbed to the roots of the hair, until the scalp smarts, twice dail^^ has been very highly recom- mended for bald heads, or where the hair is falling out. If there is no tine hair on the scalp, no restorative nor invigor- ator on earth can give a head of hair. See remarks after No. 8. 3. Another. — Lac-sulphur and sugar of lead, of each, 1 dr. ; tan- nin and pulverized copperas, each, 32 grs. ; rose-water, 4 ozs. ; wetting the hair once a day for 10 or 12 days, then once or twice a week will keep up the color. If it is desired only to change gray hair to a dark color, the last will do it; but where the hair is falling out, or has already fallen, the first is required to stimulate the scalp to healthy action. 4. Another. — Lac-sulphur and sugar of lead, of each, 1 oz. ; ])ul- verized litharge (called lithrage), V/^ ozs.; rain water, 1 qt. ; applying 3 mornings and skipping 3, until 9 applications — give a nice dark color. I obtained this of one of the Friends, at Richmond. Ind., and foi- turning white or gray hair, it is a good one. The litharge sets the color, as the sulphate of iron does in the next. There is but little choice between them. 5. Another. — Rain water, 6 ozs. ; lac-sulphnr, 3^ oz. ; sugar of lead, J^ oz. ; sulphate of iron (copperas), 1^ oz. ; flavor with berganiot essence, if desired; and apply to the hair daily until sufficiently dark to please. All the foregoing restoratives will change, or color the gray or white hair black, or nearly so ; but let who will tell you that his re- storative will give your hair its original color, just let that man go for all he is worth at the time ; for as time advances, his worth will be beautifully less. 6. Hair Invigorator. — A Wheeling barber makes use of the fol- lowing invigorator to stop hair from falling out, or to cause it to grow in ; it is a good one ; so is the one following it. Take bay rum, 1 pt. ; alcohol, ^ pt. ; castor oil, '% oz. ; cai'bonate of ammonia, ^ oz. ; tincture of cantharides, y^ oz. Mix, and shake when used. Use it daily, until the end is attained, 7. Another. — Carbonate of ammonia, 1 oz., rubbed up in 1 pt. of sweet oil. Apply daily until the hair stops falling out, or is sufficiently grown out. The last is spoken of very highly in England, as a producer of hair, " where the hair ought to grow," and does not. §. Strong sage tea, as a daily wash, is represented to stop hair from falling out; and what will stop it from falling, is an invigorator, and consequently good. There is not a liniment mentioned in this book, but which, if well rubbed upon the scalp daily for two or three months, will bi'ing out a good head of hair. When the scalp has become glossy and shining, however, and no tine hair gi'owing, you may know that the hair folli- cle, or root, is dead; and nothing can give a head of hair in such cases, any more than grain can grow from ground which has had none scat- 22 5o6 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. tered upon it. This condition may be known by the shining or glis- teninof appearance of the scalp. The heads as well as bodies should be often wa«]ied with soap and clean water; but if that is neglected too long, it becomes necessary to use somethi:!ay rum, 1 gal.; which takes away the peculiar freshness at the marrow; then use the extract of tlie common rose geranium to give it the flavor desired. Half as much suet as marrow, also makes a very nice article, and can be us<'d where the marrow is not easilv obtained. BALM OF A THOUSAN D FLO WEHS/— As strange as it may seem, some of the most astonishingl}'^ named articles are the most simple iu their compo<*ition. Althougli thousands of dollars have been made out of the above named article, it is both cheap and simple : Deodorized alcohol, 1 pt. ; nice white- bar soap, 4 ozs. ; shave the soap when put in; stand in a warm place until dissolved ; then add oil of citronella, 1 dr.; and oils of neroli and rosemary, of each, 3^ dr. It is recommended as a general perfume; but it is more p.trticu- larly valuable to put a little of it into warm water, with wiiich to cleanse the teeth. R.VZOR-STROP PASTE.— Take the very finest superfine flour of emery and moisten it with sweet oil ; or you may moisten liie surface of the strop with the oil, then dust the flour of emery upou it, which is perhaps the btst way. Nothing else is needed. You must not take any of the coarse flour, nothing but the finest will do. It is often mixed with a little oil and much other stufl^ which is of no use, and put up iu little boxes and sold at two shillings, not having more tiiau three cents' worth of emery. APPENDIX TO BARBERS' AND TOILET DEPARTMENT, BY THE PUBLISHER. COMPLEXION. — We will pve a few words of advice, as an assist- ance ill the preservation of the complexion. Rise early, and ^o to bed early. Take a plenty of exercise. Keep the pores of the skin open by perfect cleanliness. Be moderate in eat- int? and drinking. Do not often frequent crowded assemblies, and shun cosmetics^ and wasJies for the skin. We will give a few harmless recipes. But most of tlie powders and washes used dry up the skin, and in the end make it rough. Be careful always in washing to wipe j-^our skin dry, particularly your hands; rub them briskly for some time. If hands ai*e left moist after washing, they will chap, crack and become red. Honey is ex- cellent to rub over chapped hands, or anoint them with cold cream or glycerine before retiring to rest. If you desire to make your hands delicate, wash them in hot milk and water for a day or two; on retiring to rest rub them with palm oil, and put on gloves; wash them well in the morning. Lime water, Icinon-juice, or sour-milk will remove the sunburn from hands. Above all, keep the nails sciupnlously clean. Complexion, to Improve it.— Be cheerful ; get as mtich fresh air in-doors and out-doors, as possible. Keep in health; promote a good digestion, and regular evacuations; avoid alcoholic drinks; a milk and vegetable diet makes a fair complexion; plain living, without condi- ments and hot seasonings, etc,, makes the fairest face. It is good to rise early in the morning, drink a cup of milk, walk into the tields, wash the face in sparkling dew, gaze on creation, below, above, and all around you, till mental pleasure beams forth on your face in radiant smiles. Check the effects of grief, disappointments, embarrassments, etc. Dissolve flour of sulphur in milk, and strain. With the clear milk wash the face. Or infuse sifted bran in best vineg<»r; add. well beaten, the yolks of 3 or 4 eggs, and 1 gr. of ambergris. Distill. Bottle, and cork well. Or, Castile soap, 4 ozs. ; Fuller's earth water, 1 quart. Dissolve. Add 3^ oz. of spirits of wine, and 1 dr. each of oil of laven- der and rosemary. Fuller's earth water is made by merely dissolving it in watei-, stirring well, and then let it settle. This earth alone is good for the comiuexiou. Cutaneous Eruptions. — The following mixture is very useful in all cutaneous eruptions: Ipecacuanha wine, 4 drs. flour of sulphur, 2 dr.-.; tincture of cardamunis, 1 oz. Mix; 1 teaspoon to be taken three times a day, in a w iiieglass of water. Wash for a Blolcked Face. — liose water. 3 ozs.; sulphate of zinc, 1 dr Mix; wet the fice with it, gently dry it, and then touch it over « with cold cream, which also dry gently off. Female Dress* — It is well known that a loose and easy dress con- 5IO Appendix to Barbers^ and Toilet Department. tributes much to give the sex the fine proportions of body that are observable in tiie Grecian statues, and wliicli serve as models to our present artists, nature beint^ too much disligured among us to afford any such. The GreeIvS knew notliing of those Gothic sliackles, that multiplicity of ligatures and bandages with which our bodies are com- pressed. Their women were ignorant of the use of whalebone stays, by which ours distort their shape instead of displaying it. This prac- tice, carried to so great an excess as it is in America, must in time degenerate the species, besides being in bad taste. Can it be a pleasant sight to behold a woman cut in two in the middle, as if she were like a wasp ? On the contrary, it is as shocking to the eye as it is painful to the imagination. A fine shape, like the limb, hath its due size and proportion, a diminution of which is certainly a defect. Such a de- formity also would be shocking in a naked figure; wherefore, then, should it be esteemed a beauty in one that is dressed ? Everything that confines and la3's nature under restraint is an instance of bad taste. This is as true in regard to the ornaments of the body as to the em- bellishments of the mind. Life, health, reason, and convenience ought to betaken first into consideration. Gracefulness cannot subsist without ease; delicacy is not debility; nor must a woman be sick in order to please, — Rousseau. Camphorated Dentifrice. — Prepared chalk, 1 lb ; camphor, 1 or 2 drs. The camphor must be finely powdered by moistening it with a little spirit of wine, and then intimately mixing it with the chalk. Myrrh Dentifrice. — Powdered cuttlefish, 1 lb.; powdered myrrh, 2 ozs. American Tooth Powder. — Coral, cuttlefish bone, di-agon's blood, of each 8 drs.; burnt alum and red sanders, of each 4 drs.; orris root, 8 drs.; cloves and cinnamon, of each 3^ dr.; vanilla, 11 grs ; rosewood, }^ dr. ; rose pink, 8 drs. All to be finely powdered and mixed. Qiunine 'i'ooth Powder. — Rose pink, 2 drs.; percipitated chalk, 12 drs.; carbonate of magnesia, 1, dr.; quinine (sulphate), 6 grs. All to be well mixed together. Depilatory — To renioye superfluous Hairs. — Saturate the part well with line oil. In about an hour, wipe it oft"; then take finely powder- ed quick lime, 1 oz. ; powdered orpiment, 1 dr. ; mix with white of egg; and apply with asm:ill brush. Tartar— To Remove From the Teeth. — Brush the teeth often up and down, not horizontally, with soap, then with salt. Eating fruit or oat-cake, cleanses the teeth greatly. In using the tooth brush the friction ought never to cause the gums to bleed. FRECKLES. — A cutaneous aftectioa of the countenance to which persons of fiorid complexion are greatly subject, especially females with auburn hair. Freckles are small yellow spots that break out over the face in the hot period of summer, and by their number giVe a stained and unpleasant appearance to the countenance. A still more obstinate form of freckles appears in the winter, often proceeding from a disordered state of the stomach. The best treatment for this form of I eruption is to take a three-grain blue pill for two nights, and on the * third morning a sedlitz powder, — using the following wash twice a day — and the application, at bedtime of a little white elder-flower ointment rubbed into the skin of the face. >Vash for the Face. — Take of sal ammoniac, powdered, 1 dr.; boiling water, 1 pt. ; dissolve and strain, adding, when cold, spirits of rosemary, }^ oz. ; lavender water, 2 drs. Mix, and use as directed; or. a little n'iagnesia, taken occasionally as a corrective, and a lotion for the Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department. 511 face, to be used twice a day, composed of 8 ozs. of elder-flower water ill which 4 grs. of corrosive sabliinate have been dissolved, may be sub- slituted. The Irish peasantry are in the habit of washing iheir faces with buttermi(;li as a cosmetic, and with , to Whiten. — Take a wineglass of eau de Cologne, half a cup of lemon juice, scrape two cakes of \V iiidsor soap to a powder; mix well, then add a teaspoon of sulphuric acid. Mould it, and let it COMPOUNDS TO PR05I01E TIIE GROWTH OF THE HAIR. — When tiie hair falls off, trom diminished aciion of the scalp, prepara- tions of cantharides olten ])rove useful; they are sold under the names of Dupuytren's Pomade, Cazeuaze's Pomade, etc. The following di- rections are as good as any of the more complicated recipes: 512 Appendix to Barbers' and l^oilet Department. Pomale Against Baldness. — Beef marrow, soaked in several "waters, melted and ^trained, hall: a pound; tincture of cantharides (made by soaking for a week 1 dr. of powdered cantliarides in 1 oz. of proof spirit), 1 oz.; oil of bero-aniot, 12 drops. Erasiiiiis Wilson's Lotion Ag'ainst Haldncss. — Eau de Coloofne, 2 ozs ; tincture of cantliarides, 2 drs. ; oil of lavender or rosemary, of either 10 drops. These applic.itions must be used one or twice a day for a consider, ible time; but if the scalp becomes sore they must be disc.ontinued for a time, or used at longer intervals. Bandoline, or Fixature. — Several preparations are used ; the follow- ing are the best: 1. Mucilage of clean picked Irish moss, made by boiling i^'oz. of the moss in 1 qt. of water until sufficiently thick, rectified spiiitin the i)roportion of a teaspoon to each bottle to prevent its being miLlewed. The quantity of spirit varies according to the time it re- quires to be kept. 2. Gum tragacanth, 1^ drs.; water, 3^ pt. ; proof spirit (made by mixing equal parts of rectified spirit and water), 3 ozs.; otto of roses, ten dro|)s; soak for twenty-four hours and strain. Excellent Hair Wash. — Take 1 oz. of borax, 3^ oz. of camphor; powder these ingredients tine, and dissolve them in 1 qt. of boiling water; when cool, the solution will be ready for use; damp the hair frequently. This wash eftectually cleanses, beautifies, and strengthens the hair, preserves the color, and prevents early bladness. The cam- phor will form into lumps after being dissolved, but the water will be sufficiently impregnated. H VlR OILS— Rose Oil.— Olive oil,! pt; otto of roses, 5 to 16 drops; Essence of bergamot, being much cheaper, is commonly used instead of the more expensive otto ot roses. Ked Rt>se Oil. — The same. The oil colored before scenting, by steeping in it 1 dr. of alkanet root, with a gentle heat, until the desired tint is produced. Oil of Rjses. — Olive oil, 2 pts. ; otto of roses, 1 dr.; oil of rose- mary, 1 dr.; mix. It umj'- be colored red by steeping a little alkanet root in the oil (with heat) uetore scenting it. FOMA-TUMS. — For making pomatums, the lard, fat, suet, or mar- row must be carefull}'^ prepared by being melted with as gentle a heat as ])ossil)le, skimmed, strained, and cleared from the dregs which are deposited on standing. C >m;no:i I'Oinatnni. — Mutton suet, prepared as above, 1 lb ; Inrd, 3 lbs. ; c irel'u.ly melted together, and stirred constantly as it cods, 3 ozs. of berg imot being added. H.iru Poaiatuai. — Lard and mutton suet carefully prepared, of each 1 lb ; white w 'X, 4 ozs; essence of bergamot, 1 oz. To Clean Kid Gloves. — Make a strong lather with curd soap and warm water, iii which steep a smrdl piece of new flannel. Place the glove on a flat, clean, and unyielding surface — such as the bottom of a dish, and having thoroughly soaped the flannel (when squeezed from the latjier), rub the kid till all the dirt be removed, cleaning and re- soaping the flannel from time to time. Care must be taken to omit no part oTthe glove, by turning the lingei-s, etc The gloves must be dried in the sun, or before a moderate fire, and will pi-esent the apjiearance of old parchment. When quite dry, they must be gradually "pulled out," and will look new. To Clean Freneh Kid Gloves.— Put the gloves on your hand and wash them, as if vou weie washing your hands, in some s.)irits of tur- pentine, until quite clean; then hang them in a warm jjlace, or where there is a current of air, and all smell of the turpentine will be remov- Appendix td Barbers' and Toilet Department 513 ed. This method is practised in Paris, and since its introduction into this country, thousiinds of dollars have been piined by it. How lb \>rts3i Kid Gloves. — Have ready a little new milk in one saucer, and a piece of brown soap in another, and a clean cloth or towel folded till ee or four times. On the cloth, spread out the glove smooth and neat. Take a piece of flannel, dip it in the milk, then rub off a ^ood quantity of soap to the wetted flannel, and commence to rub the filove downwards towards the flnuers, holdinir it flrmly with the left hand. Continue this process until the ^love, if white, looks of a dintfy yellow, though clean; if colored, till it looks dark and spoiled. Lay it to dry ; and old gloves will soon look nearly new. They will be soft, glossy, smooth, well-shaped, and elastic. Kid Gloves, to Clean — Rub with very slightly damped bread crumbs. If not eflectual, scrape upon them dry fullers earth, or French chalk, when on the hands, and rub them quickly together in all directions. Do this several times Or put gloves of a light color on the hands, and wash the hands in a bnsin of spirits of hartshoin. Somegioves maj'be washed in a strong lather made of white soap and warm water, or milk; or wash witii rice pulp. Or sponge them well with turpentine. Why does a Head-Dress of Sky Itlue beeonie a Fair Person ?-— Bec!;use light blue is the complenientary cok»r of pale orange, which is the foundation of the blonde complexion and hair. >\hy are Ye low. Orange, or Ked Cohirs siiilable to a Person of Dark Hair and Complexion? — Because those colors, by contrast with the daik skin and hair, show to the greater advantage themselves, while they enrich the hue of black. Why is a Delicate Green favorable to Pale Blonde Complexions ? — Because it impaits a rosiness to such complexitms — red, its comple- mentary color, being reflected upon gieen. Why is Lignt Green unfavorable to Knddy Complexions ?— Be- cause it increases the redness, and has the eflect of producing au over- healed appearance. Why is Violet an unfavorable Color for every kin«1 of Complex- ion? — Because, leflecting yellow, they augment that lint when it is present in the skin or hair, change blue into green, and give to an olive complexion a jaundiced look. Why is Blue unsuitable to Brunettes % — Because it reflects orange, and adds to the darkness of the complexion. Why do Blue Veils preserve tiie Complexion % — Because they di- minish the eflVct of the scorching rays of light, just as the blue glass over photographic studios diminishes the eflect of certain rays that would injure the delicate pr<'Cesses of photouraphy. TO REMOVE A TIGHT KING.— Wiien a^-ing happens to get tightly fixed on a linger, take a piece of common twine, soap it thoroughly, and then wind it round the finger as tightlj'^ as possible. The twine should commence at the point of the finger, and be continued till the ring is leached; the end of the twine must then be forced through tlie ring. If the string is then unwound, the ring is almost sure to come ofi* the finger with it. Pf:ARL WATER, FOR THE FACE.— Put Y^ lb. of the best Windsor soap, scraped very fine, into a a gallon of boiling water. Stir it well for some time, and let it cool. Add a ]»int of rectitied spirit of wine, and ^ oz. of oil of rosemaiy. Stir well. The Italians call this compound tincture of pearls. It is a good cosmetic, and will remove freckles. PERFUME, AGAINST MOTHS.— One ounce each of cinnamon, 514 Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department, cloves, mitmejjs, mrraway seeds, mace, camphor, and 2 ozs. of orris root. PlMce ill liti!e baas. Perfume for (itloves and Handkercliiefs. — Ambergris, 1 dr.; civet, 1 dr ; oil of lavender, 3 drsj.; oil of bergamot, 3 drs. ; c.implior, J^ oz.; spirit of wine, X Pt. Cork and shake well for 10 days; filter, and bottle. TO REHOVE STAINS.— If you have been picking or handling an}'- acid fruit, and have stained your hands, wash tliem in clean water, wipetlieni lightly, and while they are yet moist, strike n match and shut your hands around it so as to catch the smoke, and the stains will disappear. If you have stained your muslin or gingham dress, or j^our white pants, with berries, before wetting them with anything else, pour boiling water through the stains and they will disappear. Before fruit-juice dries It can often be removed by cold water, nsinga sponge and towel if necessary. Rubbing the lingers wiih the inside of the parings of apples will remove most of the stain caused by paring. Ink, also, if w^ashed out or sopped u|) from the carpet with cold water im- mediately when it is s))ilied, can be almost entirely removed. Ink spots on tloors can be extracted by scouring with sand, wetted in oil of vitriol and water. When the ink is removed, rinse with strong pearl- ash water. ISKiN, TO CLEANSE FROM DARK J^POTS OR FLESH WORMS. — The best way is to squeeze them out; or wash the skin with milk and flour of sulphur well mixed. Apply elder-tlower ointment at night. An infusion of horse-radish in milk is very uselnl. Skin, Jo < li'ar a Tanned. — Wash with a solution of carbonate of soda and a little lemon juice; then with fuller's earth water, or the juice of unripe grapes. OIL, Tj MAKE THE HAIR CURL.— Olive oil, 1 lb.; oil of ori- ganum, 1 dr.; and oil of i-osemary, 13^ drs. J\iix. OFFi^NslYE KRtATH.— For this purpose, almost the only sub- stance that should be admitted at the toilet is the concentrated solution of chloride of soda; from 6 to 10 drops of it in a wine-glass of pure spring water, taken immediately after the opei-ations of the morning are completed. In some cases, the odor aiising from carious teeth is combined with that of the stomach. If the mouth is well rinsed with a tea-spoon of the solution of the chloride in a tumbler of water, the bad odor of the teeth will be I'einoved. Hi ealli Tainted l»y Onions. — Leaves of parsley, eaten with vine- gar, will prevent the disaureeable consequences of eating onions SUPERFLUOUS HAIR.— Any rem. dy is doubtful ; many of those commonly used are dangerous. The safest plan is as follows: The hairs shoidd be perseveringiy plueked up l\v the I'oots, and the skin, havinof been washed twice a day with warm soft water, without soap, should be treated with the following wash, commonly called "Milk of Roses" : Beat 4 ozs. of sweet almonds in a m(»rtar, and add % oz. of while sugar during tlie process; reduce the whole to a paste by pound- ing; then add, in small quaiuitics at a time, 8 ozs. of rose water. The emulsion thus formed should be strained through a tine cloth, and the residue again pounded, while the strained fluid should be bottled in a lai-ge stoppered vial. To the pasty mass in the mortar add ^^ oz. of suuar, and 8 ozs. of rose water, and strain again. This process mu^t be^epeated three times. To the 32 ozs. of fluid, add 20 grs. of the bi- chloride of mercury, dissolved in 2 ozs. of alcohol, and shake the mix- ture for five minutes. The fluid should be applied with a towel, imme- diately after washing, and the skin gently rubbed with a dry cloth till Appendix to Barbers' and Toilet Department, 515 perfectly dry. Wilson, in his work on Healthy Skin, writes as follows : " Substances are sold by the perfumers called depilatories, which are represented as having the power of removing hair. But the hair is not destroyed by these means, the root and that part of the shaft im- planted within the skin still remain, and are ready to shoot up with increased vigor as soon as the depilatory is withdiawn. The etfect of the depilatoiy is the same, in this respect, as tint of a razor, and the latter is, unquestionably, the better remedy. It njust not, however, be imagined that depilatories are negative remedies, and that, if tht-y do no permanent good, they are, at least, harndess; that is not the fact; they are violent Irritants, and require to be used with tlie ntmost cau- tion. * * * * After all, the safest depilatory is a pair of tweezers, and patience " TO CLEAN HAIR-BRUSHES.— As hot water and soap very soon soften the hair, and rubbing completes its destruction, use soda, dis- solved in cold water, instead; soda having an athtnty for grease, it cleans the brush with little friction. Do not set them near tlie tire, nor in tie Sim, to dry, but after shaking them well, set them on tlie point of the handle in a shady place. A ROMiX LADY'S TOILET.— The toilet of a Roman lady in- volved an elaborate and very costly process. It commenced at nighr, when the face, supposed to liave been tarnished by exposure, was over- laid with a poultice composed of boiled or moistened flour, spread on with the Angers. Poppaean unguents sealed the lips, and the lady was profusely rubbed with Oei-ona ointment. In tiie morning, the poultice and unguents were washed ofl*, a bath of asses' milk imparted a deli- cate whiteness to the skin, and the pale face was freshened ami revived with enamel. The full eyelids, wha h the Roman lady still knows so well how to use, now suddenly raising them to reveal a glance of sur- prise or of melting tenderness, now letting them droop like a veil over the lustrous eyes — the full rounded eyelids were colored within, and a needle, dipped in jetty dye, gave length to the eyebrows. The fore- head was eucircie» by a wreath, or tillet, fastened in the luxuriant hair, which rose in front in a pyramir really, they are good enouga for any" Whig." Ammonia should be kept in a wide-mouthed bottle, tightly corked, as it is a ver}' volatile s dt. It i> known bv various names, as " volatile salts." *' sal volatile," " htirtshorn " "hartshorn-shavings, etc., etc. It is used for smelling-bottles, fainting, as also in baking. 2. Rongh-and-Ready Cake. — Butter or lard, 1 lb.; molasses, I qt.; soda, 1 oz. ; milk or writer. 3^ pt. ; ground ginger, 1 table-spoon; and a little oil of lemon; flour sulflcient. Mix up tlie ginger in flour, and rub the butter or lard in, also dis- solve the soda in the milk or water; put in the molasses, and use the flour in which the ginger and butter is rubbed up, and sutlicient more to make the dough of a proper c nisistence to roll out; cut the cakes out with a long ai)d narrovv cutter, and wet the top with a little molasses and water, to remove the flour from the cake; turn the top down into pulverized white sngir, ami place in an oven sutiieienily hot for bread, but keep them in only to bake, not to dry up. Thi>, and the " Fede- ral," are gr^ at favorites in Pennsylvania, where they know what is good, and have the means to make it; yet they are not expensive. 3. Spoiigp! Cike, with Sour Milk. — Flour, 3 cups; flue white sugar, "2 cups; 6 eg'i:s; sourmiik, 1^ cup, with saleratus. 1 tea-^poon. Dissolve the saleratus in tiie milk; be it the eg*>"s separately; sift the lli>nr and sugar; first put the sugar into the milk and eg<:s, t'.ien the flour, and stir all well together, using any flavoring extract which you j)rel'er, 1 tea-s[)oon — lemon, however, is the most common. A3 soo I as the flour is stirred in, put it iinmediatidy into a quick oven; and >f it is all put into a conunon squ ire bread-pan, for wiiich it mikes the right amount, it will require about twenty to thirty minutes to bake; if baked in small cakes, |)ropo'tionately less. 4. SjjongP! ('ake, witli Sweet Milk. — As sour milk cannot always be had, I give yon a sp(vion. 'f horoughly be;it the sugnr and eggs together; mix the cream-of- taitar and soda in the milk, stirring in the flavor also; then mix in the flour, rein'Mnbering that all cakes ought to l)e baked soon after mik- ing. Tiiis is a very nice cake, notwithstanding what is said of '' Ber- wick," below. 5. B 'J'witdi Spo^ige Cake, without Milk. — Six eggs; powdered white sugir, 3 cups; sifted flour, 4 even cups; ere im-of-tartar, 2 tea- spoons; cold watei", 1 cup; soda, 1 tea-spoon; one lemon. First, beat the eggs two minutes, anil put in the sugar and beat five minutes more; then stir in the cream-ot-tartar and two cups of the flour, and beat one minute; now dissolve the soda in the water and stir in, having grated the rind of the lemon, squeeze in half of the juice only; and finally add the other two cups of flour, and be it all one min- ute, and put into deep pans in a moderate oven. There is considerable be iting about this cake, but S^itaelf does not beat all the sponge cakes you ever beat, we will acknowledge it to be the heating cake, all around. 520 Df* Chase's Recipes. 6. Surprise Cake.— One eo:g; sugar, 1 cup; butter, i^ cup; sweet milk, 1 cup; soda, 1 tea spoon ; cream-of-tartar, 2 tea-si)oons. Flavor witli lemon, and use sufficient sifted flour to make the proper consistence, and you will really be surprised to see its bulk and beauty. 7, Sngar Cake. — Take 7 eggs, and beat the whites and yolks separately; then beat well together; now put into them sifted white sugar, 1 lb ; with melted butter, 3^ lb., and a small tea-spoon of pul- verized carbonate of ammonia, Stir in just sufficient sifted flour to allow of its being rolled out and cut into cakes. §. Ginger Cake. — Molasses, 2 cups ; butter, or one-half lard if you choose, \)4. cups; sour milk, 2 cups ; ground ginger, 1 tea-spoon ; saleratus, 1 heaping tea-spoon. Mash the saleratus, then mix all these ingredients together in a suitable pan, and stir in flour as long as you can with a spoon; then take the hand and work in more, just so you caji roll them by using flour dusting pretty freely; roll out thin, cut and lay upon your but- tered or floured tins; then mix one spoon of molasses and two of water, and with a small brush or bit of cloth wet over the top of the cakes; this removes the dry flour, causes the cakes to take a nice brown, and kee|)S them moist; put into a quick oven, and ten minutes will bake them if the oven is sufficiently hot. Do not dry them all up, but take out a« soon as nicely browned. We have sold cakes out of the grocery for years, but never found any to give as good satisfaction as these, either at table or counter. Tliey keep moist and are sufficiently rich and light for all cake eatei'S. 9. Tea or Cup Cake. — Four eggs; nice brown sugar, 2 cups; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; sour milk, 3 cups; melted butter, or half lard, 1 cup ; half a grated nutmeg; flour. Put the eggs and sugar into a suitable pan, and beat together; dis- solve the saleratus in the milk, and add to the eggs and sugar ; put in the butter and nutmeg also; stir all well ; then sift in flour sufficient to make the mass to such a consistence that it will not run fioin a spoon when lifted upon it. Any one preferring lemon can use that in place of nutmeg. Bake rather slowly. 10. Cake, Nice, without Eggs or Milk.— A very nice cake is made as follows, and it will keep well also: Flour, 33^ lbs. ; sugar, 1^ lbs. ; butter, 1 lb. ; water, ^pt. having 1 tea-spoon of saleratus dissolved in it. Roll thin, and bake on tin sheets. 11. Molasses Cake. — Molasses, 13^ cups; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; sour milk, 2 cups ; 2 eggs ; butter, lard, or pork gravy, what you would take up on a spoon ; if you use lard, add a little salt. Mix all by beating a minute or two with a spoon, dissolving the saleratus in the milk ; then stir in flour to give the consistence ol soft- cake, and put directly into a hot oven, being careful not to dry them up by over-baking, as it is a soft, moist cake that we are after. 12. CiUer Ciike. — Flour, 6 cups; sugar, 3 cups; butter, 1 cup; 4 eggs; cider, 1 cup; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon; 1 grated nutmeg. Beat the eggs, sugar, and butter together, and stir in the flour and nutmeg, dissolve the saleratus in the cider and stir into the mass and bake immediately in a quick oven. 13. Ginger Snaps.— Butter, lard, and brown sugar, of each ^ lb.; molasses, 1 pt. ; ginger, 2 table-spoons ; flour, 1 qt. ; saleratus, 2 tea-spoons ; sour milk, 1 cup. Bakers' and Cooking Department, 521 Melt the butter and lard, and whip in the sugar, molasses, and ginger; dissolve the saleratus in the milk, and put in ; then the flour, and, it needed, a little more flour, to enable you to roll out very thin ; cut into small cakes and b:ike in a slow oven until snappish. 14. Jelly Cake.— Five eirgs; sugar, I cup; a little nutmeg; saleratus, 1 tea-spoon ; sour milk, 2 cups; flour. Beat the eggs, sugar, and nutmeg together; dissolve the saleratus in the milk, arid mix; then stir in flour to make only a thin batter, like pan cakes ; three or four spoons of the batter to a common round tin ; bake in a quick oven. Three or four of these thin cakes, with jelly be- tween, form one cake, the jelly being spread on while the cake is warm. 15. Roll, Jelly Cake. — Wice brown sugar, 13^ cups ; 3 eggs ; sweet skim milk, 1 cup; flour, 2 cups, or a little more only ; cream-of- tartar and soda, of each 1 tea-spoon ; lemon essence, 1 tea-spoon. Thoroughly beat the eggs and sugar together; mix: the cream-of- tartar and soda with the milk, stirring in the flavor also; now mix in the flour, remembering to bake soon, spreading thin upon a long pan; and as soon as done spread jelly upon the top and roll up; slicing off only as used ; the jelly does not come in contact with the fingers, as in the last, or flut cakes. CAKE TABLE— FIFTEEX KINDS. Name of Cake. 16. Pouud 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 2R. 27. 28. 29. 30. Genuine "Whig. .Slirewsbury Trainiu}^ Nul-Cake Short- Cake..., Cymbals Burk Cake Jumbles Ginger-Bread Wonders. Cookies.. York Biscuit. Common Loaf s 1 lb. 2 « 1 " 3 " 7 " 5 " 2 " 5 " 5 '' 1 " 2 •• 3 '' 3 " 12 •' 9qts s -4i 1 lb. Sozs 1 lb. M ♦' 80ZS 8 " 8 " 1 lb. 'A " A " A " 3 " 3 '^ 1 ib. 80ZS Mlb. % " A " X " 2 " A " A " % " 3 '• 4 " I pt. 8 Ipt. 7 8 6 9 6 3 10 3 2 (Its. Igal. 1 Directions. Uose- water, tiiree s;iooMs; mace, clC Raise witii yea^t. Rose-water, etc. Uinnamou, nutmeg Cinnamon; wet it with, milk ; raise witli yeast, or wet and raise it with sour milk and sal- eratus. Rose- water and nutmeg. Rose-water and a iittle spice. Ro-e water ; raise witli yeast.. Roll out in loaf su- gar. Yolljs only ; ginger to suit. Cinnamon. Or without eggs; wet up; raise it witUsarralusand sour mill?. Wet up, and raise with sour milk and saleratus. Yeast; spice it to taste. Wine, 1 pt.; yeast, 1 pt. 31. Pork Cake, without Buttor, Milk, or Et^'-gs.— A most de- lightful cake is made by the use of pork, which saves the expense of 522 Dr, Chase's Recipes. butter, eggs, and milk. It must be tnsted to be appreciated ; and an- ther advantage of it is that you cau make enough, some leisure day, to last the season tlirough ; for I have eaten it two months after it was baked still nice and moist. Fat, salt pork, entirely free of lean or rind, chopped so fine as to be almost like lard, 1 lb. ; pour boiling water upon it, 3^ pt. ; raisins, seeded and chopped, 1 lb. ; citron, shaved into shreds, ^ \b. ; sugar, 2 cups; molasses, 1 cup; salcratus, I tea-spoon, rubbed tine and put into the molasses. Mix these all together, and stir in sifted flour to make the consistence of common cake mixtures; then stir in nutmeg and cloves Hncly ground, 1 oz. each ; cinnamon, also fine, 2 ozs, ; be gov- erned about the time of baking it by putting a sliver into it, — when nothing adhei'es, it is done. It should be baked slowly. You can substitute other trnit in i)lMce of the laisins, if desired, u.sing as much or as little as you i)lease. or none at all, and still have a nice cake. In this respect you may call it the accommodation cake, as it accommodates itself to the wishes or circumstances of its lovers. "When pork will do all we here claim for it, who will longer con- tend that it is not fit to eat ? Who ? 32. Mixrbled Ctlke. — Those having any curiosity to gratify upon their own part, or on the part of friends, will he highly pleased with the contrast seen when they take a piece of a cake made in two parts, dark and light, as foMows: Light Part. — White sugai-, 1^^ cups; butter, 3^ cup; sweet milk, 3^ cup; soda, 3^ tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea-spoon; whites of 4 egg!^; flour, 2% cups; beat and mixed as ''Gold Cake" Dark Part. — Brown sugar, Icup; molasses, 3^ cup; buttei-, 3^ cup; sour milk, 3^ cup; soda, }.4, tea-spoon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea- spoon ; flour, 23^ cups; yoiks of 4 e^g^-; cloves, allspice, cinnamon, and nutmeg, ground, of each 3^^ table-spoon ; beat and mixed as "Gold Cake." Directions, — When each part is ready, drop a spoon of daik. then a spoon of light, over the bottom of the dish in which it is to b(^ baked and so proceed to fill up the pan, dropping the light upon the dark as you continue with the difleient layeis. 33. Silver Cake. — Whites of 1 doz. e^g<; flour, 5 cups; white sugar and butter, of each 1 cup ; cream or sweet milk, 1 cup; cream-of tartar, 1 tea-spoon ; soda, 3^ tea-spoon; beat and mix as the " GoW Cake." Bake in a deep i)an. 34. (iJold Cake. — Yolks of 1 doz. eggs; flour, 5 cups; white sugar, 3 cups; butter. 1 cuj) ; ci-eam or sweet milk, 13^ cups; soda, 3^<^ tea-si)oon; cream-of-tartar, 1 tea-spoon. Bake in a deep loaf pan. Beat the eggs with the sugar, having the butter softened by thf" fire ; then stir it in ; ])ut the soda and cream-of-tailar into tiie cream or milk, stirring up and mixing all together; then sift and stir in the flour. The gold and silver cakes, dropped as directed, in the "Marble Cake," give you still another variety. 35." Bride Cake. — Presuming that this woi-k may fall into the hands of some persons who may occasionallv have a wedding amongst them, it would be impertect without a "wedding cake," and as I have lately had an opportunity to test this one, upon "such au occas on." in my own family, I can bear testimony — so can the "printer," — 10 its adaptation for all similar displa5's. Take butter, 13^ lbs. ; sugar, 1^ lbs., half of which is to be Or- leans sugar; eggs, well beaten, 2 lbs.; raisins, 4 lbs., having the seeds Bakers^ a?id Cooking Department. 523 taken out, and chopped; Eni^iish currants, having the *^*rit picked out, and nicely washetl, 5 lbs. ; citron., cut tine, 2 lbs.; sitted flour, 2 li)s. ; nutmegs, 2 in number, and mace, as nnich in bulk; alcohol, 1 gill to 3^ pt., in which a dozen or 15 drops of oil ot lemon have been put. When ready to make your cake, weigh your butter and cut it in pieces, and put it where it will soften, but not melt. Next, stir the butter to a cream, and then add the sugar, and work till white. Next beat the yolks of the eggs, and put them to the sugar and butter. Meanwhile another person should beat the whites to a stiff froth, and put them in. Then add the spices and flour, and, last of all, the fruit, except the citron, which is to be put in about three layers, the bottom layer about one inch from the bottom, and the top one an inch fiom the top, and the other in the middle, smoothing the top of the cake by dipping a spoon or two of water upon it for that ])urpose. The pan in which it is baked should be about thirteen inches across the top, and five and a half or six inches deep, without scollops, and two three-quart pans also, which it will fill; and they will i-equire to be slowly baked about three to four hour.**. But it is impossible to give definite rules as to the time required in bakin 59. Sugar Crackers.— Flour, 4 lbs.; loaf sugar and butter, of each, ^2 11^- • water, Ij^ pts. Make as above. 40. Naples lilscuit.— 'White sii^rar, eggs, and flour, of each 1 lb. If properly pulverized, silted, beat, mixed, aiid bailed the size ot Boston crackers, you will say it is nice indeed. 41. Buckwheat Mliort-Cake.— Take 8 or 4 tea-cups of nice sour milk, 1 tea-spoon of soda-saleratus dissolved in the milk; if the milk is very sour, you must use saleratus in proportion, witli a little salt; mix up a dough with buckwheat flour, thicker than you would n)ix the snme for griddle-cakes, say quite stifl"; put into a buttered tin, and put diri'ctly into tlie stove oven and bake about 30 minutes, or as you would a short-cake from common flour. It takes tiie place of the griddle-cake, also of tlie short-cake, in every sense of the word — nice with meat, butter, honey, molasses, etc. No sliortening is used, and no need of setting your dish of batter over night, for a drunken husband to set his foot in. Wet the top a little, and warm it up at next meal, if any is left — it is just as good as when first made, while griddle-cakes have to be thrown away. It is also very good cold. Was the beauty of this cake known to the majority of persons throughout the countiy generally, buckwheat would become as staple an article of commerce as the coiinnon wheat. Do not tail to give it a trial. Some persons, in tryins? it, h;ive not had good luck the first time; they have failed from the milk's being too sour for the amount of sal- eratus used, or from making the dough too thin. I think I can say we have made it hnndreds of tinn s with success, as I could eat it while dys- peptic, when I could eat no oiher warm bre:id. 42. Yeast Cake. — Good lively yeast, 1 pt.; rye or wheat flour, to form a thick batter; salt, 1 te:i-spoon ; stir in, and set to rise; when risen, stir in Indian nieal, until it will roll out good. When again risen, roll out veiy thin ; cut them into cakes, and dry in the shade; if the weather is the least damj), by the fire or stove. If dried in the sun, they will ferment. To use : Dissolve one in a little warm water, and stir in a couple of table-spoons of flour; set near the fire, and when light, mix into the bread. If made perfectly dry, they will keep for six months. BREADS — Yaukee Brown Bread. — For each good-sized loaf being made, take 1}4 P^s. corn meal, and pour boiling water upon it, to seald it properly; let stand until only blood warm; then i)ut about 1 qt. of rye flour iipon the meal, and pour in a good bow I of emptyings, with a little saleratus dissolved in a gill of water, kneading in moie flour, to make of the consistence of common bread. If you raise it with yeast, put a little salt in the meal, but if you raise it with salt-risings, or emptyings, which I prefer, no more salt is needed. Form into loaves, and let them set an hour and a half, or until light — in a cool pla 16 ozs. of butter, and work it well together in a mass. Press it into the pans after the butter has become cool; for friction, though it be not touched by the hands, will soften it. The pans should hold ten or twelve pounds each. On the top put some salt; and when that is turned into brine, if not enough to cover the butter entirely, add some strong salt and water. Another Mode of Preserving.— Pour a pint of boiling water on 1 lb. of common salt ; add 3^ oz. of saltpetre, 1 oz. of lump sugar. Let it stand till cold. Pour it off clear of sediment and put txie butter into it. This pickle will keep butter firm and sweet during the hottest weather. Charcoal. — All sorts of glass vessels and other utensils may be purified from long retained smells of every kind, in the easiest and most perfect manner, by rinsing them out well with charcoal powder, after the grosser impurities have been scoured off with sand and potash. Rubbing the teeth and washing out the mouth with fine charcoal powder, will render the teeth beautifully while, and the breath per- fectly sweet, where an offensive breath has been owing to a scobutic disposition of the gums. Putrid water is immediately deprived of its bad smell by charcoal. When meat, fish, etc., from intense heat, or long keeping, are likely to pass into a state of corruption, a simple and pure mode of keeping them sound and healthful is by putting a few pieces of charcoal, each about the size of an 0-%%, into the pot or sauce- pan wherein the fish or flesh are to be boiled. Among others, an ex- periment of this kind was tried upon a turbot, which appeared to be too far gone to be eatable; the cook, as advised, put three or four pieces of charcoal, each of the size of an ^^^^^ under the strainer, in the fish kettle ; after boiling the proper time, the turbot came to the table sweet and firm. China and Glass-ware. — The best material for cleansing either porcelain or glass-ware, is fuller's earth ; but it must be beaten into a fine powder, and caiefully cleared from all rough or hard particles, which might endanger the polish of the brilliant surface. Hints on Housekeeping. 547 In Li^htin^ Candles, always hold the match to the side of the wick, and not over the top. Honse Cleaning. — I do not wish to boast, yet our house is never upside down with house cleaning. Clean but one room at a time, set- ting everything as it should be before beginning another. Try it, and see if your family and chance visitors will not smile as pleasantly as is customary, A house upside down from garret to cellar does not often improve one's temper. Cleaning Carpets. — Take a pail of cold water and add to it a gill of ox-gall. Rub it into the carpet with a soft brush. It will raise a lather, which must be washed off with clear cold water. Rub dry with a clean cloth. In nailing down a carpet after the floor has been washed, be certain that the floor is quite dry, or the nails will rust and injure the carpet. Fuller's earth is used for cleaning carpets, and weak solutions of alum or soda are used for reviving tlie colors. The crumb of a hot wheaten loaf rubbed over a carpet has been found effective. Beat a Carpet on the wrong side flrst ; and then more gently on the right side. Beware of using sticks with sharp points, which may tear the carpet. Sweeping Carpets. — Persons who are accustomed to use tea-leaves for sweeping their carpets, and find that they leave stains, will do well to employ fresh cut grass instead. It is better than tea-leaves for pre- venting dust, and gives the carpets a very bright, fresh look. A Half- worn Carpet vlva^ be made to last longer by ripping it apart, and transposing the breadths. A Stair Carpet should never be swept down with a long broom, but always with a short-handled brush, and a dust-pan held closely under each step of the stairs. Oil-Cloth should never be scrubbed with a brush, but, after being first swept, it should be cleansed by washing with a large soft cloth and lukewarm or cold water. On no account use soap or hot water, as either will bring ofi" the paint. Straw Matting may be cleaned with a large coarse cloth dipped in salt and water, and then wiped dry; the salt prevents the matting from turning yellow. Method of Cleaning Paper-Hangings.— Cut into eight half quarters a quartern loaf , two days old; it must neither be newer nor staler. With one of these pieces, after having blown ott" all the dust from the paper to be cleaned, by the means of a good pair of bellows, begin at the top of the room, holding^ the crust in the hand, and wiping lightly downward with the crumb, about h.vlf a yard at each stroke, until the upper part of the hangings is completely cleaned all round. Then go round again, with the like sweeping stroke downwards, al- ways commencing each successive course a little higher than the upper stroke had extended, till the bottom be finished. This operation, if carefully performed, will frequently make very old paper look almost equal to new. Great caution must be used not by any means to rub the paper hard, nor to attempt cleaning in the cross or horizontal waj\ The dirty part of the bread, too, must be each time cut away, and the pieces renewed as soon as it may become necessary. Preserving the Color of Dresses. — The colors of merinos, mous- seline-de-laines, ginghams, chintzes, printed lawns, etc., may be pre- served by using water that is only miik-warm ; making a lather with white soap, before you put in the dress, instead of rubbing it on the material ; and stirring into a first and second tub of water a large table- spoon of ox-gall. The gall can be obtained from the butcher, and a 548 Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking JDepart?nenL bottle of it should always be kept in every house. No colored articles should be allowed to remain long in the water. They must be washed fast, and then rinsed through two cold waters. Into each rinsing water stir a tea-spoon of vinegar, which will help to brighten the colors; and after rinsing, hang them out immediately. When ironing-dry (or still a little damp), bring them in; have irons ready heated, and iron them at once, as it injures the color to allow them to remain damp too long, or to sprinkle and roll them up in a cover for ironing next day. If they cannot be conveniontly ironed immediately, let them hang till they are quite dry, and then damp and fold them on the following day^ a quarter of an hour before ironing. The best way is not to do colored dresses on the day of the general wash, but to give them a morning by themselves. They should only be undertaken in clear bright weather. If allowed to freeze, the colors will be irreparably injured. We need scarcely say that no colored articles should ever be boiled or scalded. If you get from a shop a slip for testing the durability of colors, give it a fair trial by washing it as above; afterwards pinning it to the edge of a towel, and hanging it to dry. Some colors (especiallj'- pinks and light greens), though they may stand fferfectly well in washing, will change as soon as a warm iron is applied to them ; the pink turning purplish, and the green bluish. No colored articles shoul be smoothed with a hot iron. Domestic Rules. — Have a place for everything — and everything in its place, when wanted. Do everything in its proper time. Keep everything to its proper use. Keep your temper, and be forbearing. Be economical, and not extravagant. — Avoid luxuries; plain living is best for bodily health, and mental comfort. Avoid intemperance as you would the fiercest tiger. Furniture Polish. — The cheapest is a mixture of linseed-oil and turpentine, laid on in a thin coat, rubbed off with a soft cloth and polished. Furniture in constant use is greatly improved by washing with vinegar and water, and afterwards applying cold drawn linseed-oil, rubbing it very much. It should be rubbed again in a day or two afterwards. Or, linseed-oil, 1 pt. ; spirits of wine, )4 gi^U ^ix well. Apply with a linen rag. Rub dry with a soft cotton cloth. Rub last and hard with a piece of old silk. In time it will have a most beautiful gloss. Or, linseed-oil, bees' wax scraped into, and gradually dissolved in turpentine, to the thickness of cream. Apply as above, and rub well. Flannel. — Before it is made up, flannel should be immersed in hot water. Flannels, to Wash. — Do not use boiling water, but as hot as the hands can bear. Wash with good brown soap and a little pearl-ash, or soda and blue. All Flannels should be soaked before they are made up, first in cold then in hot water, in order to shrink them. Flannel should always be washed with white soap, and in hot but not boiling water. To Clean Looking-Grlasses.— First wash the glass all over with lukewarm soapsuds and a sponge. When dry, rub it bright v/ith a buckskin and a little prepared chalk tinely powdered. Hams, to Cure.— If the weather be cool, hang it up two days be- fore it is salted. Beat it with a rolling-pin. Take plenty of common salt; coarse sugar, % lb.; saltpetre, 4 ozs.; mix; warm; rub the ham with it well, and lay the rest of the salt upon it; in two days turn it; ' Hints on Housekeeping. 549 rub it well with brine; baste it several times a clay for a month, for a larofe ham ; drain, wash otf the salt with cold water; dry with a cloth; rub black pepper over the inside and in at the knuckles; hang in a warm room to dry. HamSy to Keep. — The most effectual way is to tie them closely in cotton or canvass bags. Hang in a dry, cool, and well ventilated room when bagged. The bags should be whitewashed. To Preserve Steel Goods from Rust.— After bright grates have been thoroughly cleaned, they should be dusted over with unslacked lime, and thus left until wanted. The coils of piano wires thus sprinkled, will keep from rust for many years. Table-knives, which are not in constant use ought to be put in a case in which sifted quick- lime is placed, about eiglit inches deep. They should be plunged to the top of the blades, but the lime should not touch the handles. Iron and Steel Goods from Rust.— Dissolve half an ounce of camphor in one pound of hog's lard; take off the scum; mix as much black lead as will give the mixture an iron color. Iron and steel goods, rubbed over with this mixture, and left with it on twenty-four hours, and then dried with a linen cloth, will keep clean for mont.s. Valu- able articles of cutlery should be wrapped in zinc foil^ or be 'k:r'. In boxes lined with zinc. This is at once an easy and most effective method. Iron-Mould, to Remove. — ^Rub the iron-mould part with a little oxalic acid, or salts of lemon, dissolved in warm water. After remain- ing ten minutes, rinse well in warm and then in cold water. Or, ap- ply a mixture of milk and salts. Iron and Steel, to Prevent from Rusting. — Fat oil varnish, one part, and rectified spirits of turpentine, three parts, intimately mixed, and applied with a sponge. Camphor, lard, and black lead, mixed, applied, and after two days wiped off, will preserve from rust. Or, smear over the iron, or metal, hardware, etc., with melted mutton suet, and dust with powdered unslacked lime. Brown paper is a good preservative from rust. Hence all Sheffield and Birmingham Hardware, Cutlery, etc., are wrapped in brown paper. Kettles, Incrustation or Furring to Prevent.— Keep in the ves- sel a clean marble, a cockle, or oyster shell; these will attract the par- ticles of sand. Leather, To Clean. — Uncolored leather may be cleaned by ap- plying a solution of oxalic acid with a sponge. Dissolve in warm water. Knives, Handles of, to Fasten. — Melt resin, add brick-dust, and mix well together. This is a very good cement for this and other pur- poses. Shellac, and prepared chalk, intimately mixed, answer well. Heat the part to be inserted, and fill the aperture with the mixture. Press it in. Milk, to Preserve. — Milk often turns by an acid developed in the liquid. To prevent it, add to the milk a small portion of bi-carbonate of soda. This is not at all injurious to health; but rather aids diges- tion. Many of the great dairies on the continent adopt this method. Mildew, to Remove. — Soap the linen previously wetted, and ap- ply salt and lemon juice to both sides; or apply finely powdered pipe clay, or Fuller's earth, or finely powdered chalk. Expose it for several hours to the atmosphere. Mildew, to Remove.— Mix soft soap with powdered starch, half as much salt, and the juice of a lemon, and lay on with a brush. Let it lay on the grass day and night till the stain is gone. Or, take 2 ozs. of 55 o Appendix to Bakers' and Cooking Department chloride of lime, pour on it a quart of boiling water, and then add 3 qts. of cold water; steep the linen 10 or 12 hours, when every spot will be extracted. Mix oxalic acid, citric acid, and milk together; rub into the linen; repeat as it dries; wash, and bleach on the grass. Marble, to Clean. — Soap lees mixed with quick-lime, prettv thick, and applied for a day, then washed off with soap and water. 6r, mu- riatic acid diluted witli water, taking care tliat it be not too strong. Or, soft soap, 1 lb.; whiting, powdered, 1 lb.; soda, 1 oz.; boil together 20 minutes; apply for 24 hours, wash off with clean water, and polish with a piece of felt, or coarse flannel. Iron stains on marble are re- moved by a mixture of lemon juice and sulphuric acid ; apply for afew minutes, and then rub witli a soft cloth. Marble, Iiiiitatioii of. — Make a solution of alum, and of half as much of the best glue as alum. Mix with one part whiting, or rather less, and three parts of well-baked plaster of Paris. It may be colored by first staining the water. It sets very hard. Marble, to Polish. — Mix a quantity of the strongest soap-lees with quick-lime, to the consistence of milk, and lay it on the stone, etc., for twenty-four hours, clean it afterwards with soap and water, and it will appear as new. To Clean Marble. — Take two parts of common soda, one part of pumice stone, and one part of finely powdered chalk; sift it through a fine sieve, and mix it with water; then rub it well all over the marble, and the stains will be removed; then wash the marble over with soap and water, and it will be as clean as it was at first. Glass should be washed in cold water, which gives it a brighter and clearer look than when cleansed with warm water. Musty Casks, to Sweeten. — Throw in burning coals, and then cold water. Public brewers wash their casks with lime and water, mixed nearly to the consistence of paint; lemain till drj^, and then wash well with water. To Stop the Ravages of Moths. — Camphor will not stop the ravages of moths in carpets after they have commenced eating. Then they pay no regard to the presence of camphor, cedar, or tobacco. A good way to kill them is to take a coarse crash towel and wring it out of clear water. Spread it smoothly on the carpet, then iron it; dry with a good hot iron, repeating the operation on all suspected places, and those least used. It does not injure tlie pile or color of the carpet in the least. It is not necessar}" to press hard, heat and steam being the agents, and they do the work effectually on worms and eggs. Then the camphor will doubtless prevent future depredations of the miller. Our Recipe for Curing Meat. — To one gallon of water, take \% lbs. of salt; )^ lb. of sugar; ^ oz. of saltpetre; 3^ oz. of potash. In this ratio the pickle can be increased to ^wj quantity desired. Let these be boiled together until all the dirt from the sugar rises to the top and is skimmed oft'. Then throw it into a tub to cool, and when cold pour it over your beef or pork, to remain the usual time, say four or five weeks. The meat must be well covered by the pickle, and should not be put down for at least two days after killing, during which time it may be slightly sprinkled with powdered saltpetre, which removes all the surface blood, etc., leaving the meat fresh and clean. Some omit boiling the pickle, and find it to answer well, though the operation of boiling purifies the pickle by throwing off" the dirt always to be found in salt and sugar. If this recipe is properly tried, it will never be abandoned. There is none that surpass it, if so good. — Oermantown Telegraph. Hints on Housekeeping, 551 Oflors, Unpleasant to Remove. — Burnt coffee is the best disinfec- tant, and it is very agreeable. For water closets, night chairs, etc., chloride of lime, and even common lime, should be used. Or, sugar of lead, 1 oz. ; aquafortis, 1 oz.; in nearly 1 quart of water. This is effectual to cleanse utensils from bad odors. Or, charcoal powder, and camphor dissolved; the articles well rinsed with the composition. Poultry, to Feed.— " As I suppose you keep poultry, I may tell you that it has been ascertained that if you mix with their food a suffi- cient quantity of egg-shells or chalk, which they eatgreedily, they will lay coeteris paribus, two or three times as many eggs as before. A well fed fowl is disposed to lay a vast number of eggs, but cannot do so without the material for the shells, however nourishing in other respects her food may be; indeed, a fowl fed on food and water free from car- bonate of lime, and not finding any in the soil, or in the shape of mor- tar, which they often eat off the wall, would lay no eggs at all with the best will in the world '' — Professor Gregory. Pictnre Varnish. — Mastic varnish. Paint, To Remove from Cloth. — Apply spirits of turpentine with a sponge. Grense on cloth may be removed by frequent layers of blotting paper ])]aced over the grease spot, and pressing with a flat-iron. Paint, To Remove Spots of. — Apply spirits of turpentine to the spot, and after a while rub thg cloth as if washing, and the paint will crumble off; if not, apply the turpentine again. Paint, To take away tlie Smell of. — Water neutralizes the smell of paint. Vessels of water placed in a newly painted room, will re- move the smell, especially if impregnated with a little sulphuric acid. Or straw and hay well saturated with water. Or chloride of lime and water. To Clean Paint. — A correspondent of the Country Gentleman says: Use but little water at once; keep it warm and clean by changing it often. A flannel cloth takes off all fly specks better than cotton. Soap will remove the paint, so use but little of it. Cold tea is the best liquid for cleaning varnished paint, window panes and mirrors. A saucer of sifted ashes should always be standing at hand to clean un- varnished paint that has become badly smoked ; it is better than soap. Never put soap upon glass unless it can be thoroughly rinsed off, which can never be done to window-glass. Wash oft' the specks with warm tea, and rub the panes dry ; then make a paste of whiting and water, and put a little in the center of each pane. Take a dry cloth and rub it all over the glass, then rub it off with a chamois-skin or flannel, and your glass will shine like crystal. Paint. — To get rid of the smell of oil paint, plunge a handful of hay into a pailful of water, and let it stand in the room newly painted. Iron Stains may be removed from marble by wetting the spots with oil of vitriol, or with lemon-juice, or with oxalic acid diluted in spirit of wine, and, after a quarter of an hour, rubbing them dry with a soft linen cloth. To Take Marking-Ink out of Linen.— Use a saturated solution of cyanuret of potassium applied with a camel-hair brush. After the marking-ink disappears, tlie linen should be well washed in cold water. To Take Stains of Wine out of Linen.— Hold the articles in milk while it is boiling on the fire, and the stains will soon disappear. Frnit Stains in Linen. — To remove them, rub the part on each side with yellow soap, then tie up a piece of pearlash in the cloth, etc., and 552 Appendix to Bakers^ and Cooking Department soak well in hot water, or b)!!; atterWcU(I-> expose the stained part to the sun and air until removtd. Mildewed Linen may be restored by soaping the spots while wet, covering them with fine chalk scraped to powder, and rubbing it well in. To keep Moths, Beetles, etc., from Clothes,— Put a piece of cam- phor in a linen bag, or some aromatic herbs, in the drawers, among linen or woolen clothes, and neither moth nor worm will come near them. Clothes closets that have become infested with moths should be well rubbed with a strong decoction of tobacco, and repeatedly sprink- led with spirits of camphor. Medicine Stains may be removed from silver spoons by rubbing them with a rag dipped in sulphuric acid, and washing it off with soap-suds. To lie move Iron Rust or Tomato Stains from Linen or Cotton Cloth. — Wet the spot with cold water, and place the cloth in the sun- shine. Then mix equal quantities of cream-tartar and table salt, and sprinkle the mixture upon it until the dampness has absorbed a great deal, then lay on enough to hide the spot. Wet the spot with cold water every half hour, and, if the stain is then seen, cover it again with the cream-tartar and salt. Keep it in the sunshine, and continue these applications till the stain is gone — if recently contracted, two or three applications will remove it. Muslins, To Keep a Good Color. — Never wash muslins, or any kind of cotton goods, with linen; for the latter discharges a kind of gum, and coloring matter, every time it is washed, which discolors the muslin and cotton — wasii them by themselves Muslins, Uninflammable. — Mix with starch about the same weight of carbonate of lime, commonly called Spanish white or Spanish chalk. It does not deteriorate the appearance or injure the material of the muslin. Velvet. — When velvet gets plushed fiom pressure, hold the parts over a basin of hot water, with the lining of the article next the water; the pile will soon rise, and assume its original beauty. To Renovate Silks. — Sponge fided silks with warm water and soap, then rub them with a dry cloth on a flat board; afterwards iron them on the inside with a smoothing-iron. Old black silks may be improved by sponging with spirits; in this case, the ironing may be done on the right side, thin paper being spread over to prevent glazing. Black Silk Reviver. — Boil logwood in water for half an hour; th'en simmer the silk half an hour; take it out, and put into the dye a little blue vitriol, or green copperas; cool it, and simmer the silk for half an hour. Or, boil a handful of tig-leaves in two quarts of water until it is reduced to one pint; squeeze the leaves, and bottle the liquor for use. Wlien wanted, sponge the silk with this preparation. Restoring Color to Silk. — When the color has been taken from silk by acids, it may be restored by applying to the spot a little harts- horn, or sal-volatile. Ink Stains.— Very frequently, when logwood has been used in manufacturing ink, a reddi.^h stain still remains, after the use of oxalic acid, as in the former directions. To remove it, procure a solution of the chloride of lime, and apply it in the same manner as directed for the oxalic acid. Grease Spots from Silk.— Upon a deal table lay a piece of woolen cloth or baize, upon which lay smoothly the part stained, with the Hints on Housekeeping. ccx right side do^v^l wards. Having spread a piece of brown paper on the top, apply a flat-iron just hot enough to scorch the paper. About five or eight seconds is usually sufficient. Then rub the stained part briskly with a piece of cap-paper. Washing Bed Furniture, etc. — Before putting into the water, see that you shake off as much dust as possible, or you will greatly in- crease your labor. Use no soda, or pearlash, or the articles will lose their color. Use soft water, not hot, but warm; have plentj' of it. Rub wilh mottled soap. On wringing out the second liquor, dip each piece into cold hard water for finishing. Shake out well, and dry quickly. If starch is desired, it may be stirred into the rinsing water. Washing. — To save your linen and your labor — pour on half a pound of soda two quarts of boiling water, in an earthenware pan ; take half a pound of soap, shred fine; put it into a saucepan with two quarts of cold water; stand it on a fire till it boils; and when perfectly- dissolved and boiling, add it to the former. Mix it well, and let it stand till cold, when it will have the appearance of a strong jelly. Let your linen be soaked in water, the seams and any other soiled j^art rubbed in the usual way, and remain till the following morning. Get your copper ready, and add to the water about a pint basin full; when lukewarm, put in your linen, and allow it to boil for twenty minutes. Rinse it in the usual way, and that is all which is necessary to get it clean, and to keep it in good color. The above recipe is invaluable to housekeepers. If you have not tried it, do so without delay. "When water is hard, and will not readily unite with soap, it will always be proper to boil it before use; which will be found sufficient! y efficacious, if the hardness depends solely upon the impregnation of lime. Even exposure to the atmosphere will produce this effect in a great degree upon spring water so impregnated, leaving it much fitter for lavatory purposes. In both cases the water ought to be carefully poured off from the sediment, as the neutralized lime, when freed from its extra quantity of carbonic acid, falls to the bottom by its own f^ravity. To economize the use of soap, put any quantity of pearlash into a large jar, covered from the dust ; in a few days the alkali will become liquid, which must be diluted in double its quantity of soft water, with an equal quantity of new-slacked lime. Boil it half an hour, frequently stirring it; adding as much more hot water, and drawing off the liquor, when the residuum may be boiled afresh, and drained, until it ceases to feel acrid to the tongue. Water, To Purify. — Put into it powdered charcoal, then filter through a compressed sponge, and it will become perfectly sweet, however impure previously. Water may be filtered and purified by means of a deep flower- pot, with a compressed sponge in the hole at the bottom. Put over the sponge an inch thick of pebbles, next an inch of coarse sand, next a layer of charcoal, and over again pebbles. The water will filter pure and clear through the hole into another vessel. Water, To Purify. — A large spoonful of pulverized alum sprinkled into a hogshead of water (the water stirred round at the time), will, after the lapse of a few hours, so purify it that it will be found to pos- sess nearly the freshness and clearness of finest spring water. A pail- ful containing four gallons may be purified by a single spoonful; or a mixture of one part chalk and two of alum will be still better. Water, to Soften. — Wood ashes form a good lye for softening wa- ter, but care must be taken that they sliould be all wood. Water, Hard, To Make Soft.— i3oil it, and expose it to the atmos- phere. Add a little carbonate of soda. 24 MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. WASHING FLUID-Saving Half the Wash-Board Labor.— Sal- soda, 1 lb.; stone lime, }4. 1^-; water, 5 qts. Boil a short time, stirring occasionally; then let it settle and pour oflE* the clear fluid into a stone jug, and cork for use. Soak your white clothes over night, in simple water; wring out, and soap wristbands, collars, and dirty or stained places. Have your boiler half filled with water, and when at scalding heat, put in one common tea-cup of the fluid, stir, and put in your clothes, and boil for half an hour; then rub lightly through one suds only, rinsing well in the bluing water, as usual, and all is complete. If you wish to wash on Monday, put warm suds to the clothes whilst breakfast is being got ready ; then wring out and soap as above, will do just as well as soaking them over night, and my wife thinks better. For each additional boiler of clothes add half a cup of the fluid only; of course boiling in the same water through the whole washing. If more water is needed in the boiler for the last clothes, dip it from the sudsing tub. Soak your woolen and calico in the suds from which you have washed the wliite clothes, whilst hanging them out, dipping in some of the boiling water from the boiler, if necessary; then wash out the woolen and calico as usual — of course, washing out woolen goods before you do the calico. The fluid brightens instead of fading the colors in calico. This plan not only saves the two rubbings which women give their clothes before boiling', and more than half of the soap— does not in- jure the clothes, but saves their wear in two rubbings before boiling; and is a good article for removing grease from floors, doors, and win- dows, and to remove tar or grease from the hands, etc. I hope every lady into whose hands this recipe may fall, will give it a trial, as my family have nov/ used it over seven years, not missing only two washings. It does not rot clotlies, but makes them wash full or more than one-half easier than the old way. Seven years ought to be considered a sufficient test. The honor of this recipe is accredited to Prof. Liebig, of Ger- many. 1 have found many women using turpentine, alcohol, ammonia, camphor gum, etc., in their washing fluids; but none of them ought ever to be used for such purposes, (one woman lost the use of her arm for six months, by using a fluid containing turpentine); the turpentine and alcohol especially, tend to open the pores of the skin, and thus make the person more liable to take cold in hanging out the clothes, as also to weaken the arm. And here let me say, if it is possible to avoid it, never allow the woman who washes the clothes, and thus becomes warm and sweaty, to hang them out; and especially ought this to be regarded in the win-. Miscellaneous Department, e^e principle tliat two tliin slioes make onP o^l.^ S" I' ^^"'ks upon the br^ncUiti, two attacks o^^^S! ^^^J^TZX^^-.^^^^l lake best Prussian-blue, Dulverized 1 07 . r.vn*i;« ^^.\^ 1 ?o"ti,:;L7ofi,Te?ub "^ "' " '' ^"'^<="^"' ^-^^ "^ '"" "^ -t^^.'S^g Tro«Weof thfo?d W?v~''t',?''*'',^1'\^'^»^^ *»« Oae-fonrth the ^^^^t^^^^^X^^i^i!^::^ -'0 to •>« the mon soft soap if this amount of sal-soda is put into that nnmhP? nf gallons, washing will be done much easier, and the sianwiTlmorf than compensate for the expense and troubl^ of the adSn ^"^ oo.k^i'io^Tk'^"'^"?''^^^^®'*^'' Yellow Soap.-Tallow and sal-<^oda of each, 112 lbs.; resin, 56 lbs.; stone lime, 28 lbs • Dalm oi s lh« . Lf! water, 28,gals.; ov, for small quantUus^fxXo^'l^.tT^^^^^^ ^of Uch Hnf'nri ^ T' ' '^^^ ^^"^"' ^ ^^^^ ' ^^^^"^ ^^^^ 1 oz.Tsoft Water ?q ' Put soda, hme, and water into a kettle, and boil stirring vvpH. then let it settle and pour off the lye. In anXr keU e "felTthi tallow, resin and palm oil, having it hot, the lye beinfaTso^^b^^^ hot; mix all together, stirring well, and the work is donl ^'^'"^ rnTfet'^it'Sr^r^. ^"'' " '^^^ '^ """^^^' ^^^ ^^^^ «<^W» eut if intoTa^s This recipe was obtained by finding- an overroaf- with u 4« fi, pocket, and also a piece of the soap ; thf man kept It wT h h m asH? irritated his salt-rheum so much less than other soaps I has Droved win? ?K 1^^-^^shing generally, and also for shaving purpos^esll would be better than half the toilet soaps sold, if an ounce or two of sassafras oil was stirred into this amount; or a little of the soan Z^hf "^^^^^^l^lT^^ '- ^ ^^"^^ «^ ^^e oif, \'o^ ror?esTo1?i ;oda^;ndl^Krea!^C^^^^ water; now mix in the lime, stirring occasionally for a few hfur^^^ after which let it settle, pouring off the clear liqLr Ind b^li iTth; tallow therein until it is all dissolved: cool it in a^flat C or Da^^ard cut into bars, or cakes, as preferred. ^ ' ^''^^ It can be flavored with sassafras oil as the last, by stirring it in 556 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. when cool. It can be colored also, if desired, as mentioned in the "Variegated Toilet Soap." When any form of soda is used in making soap, it is necessary to use lime to give it causticity; or, in other words, to make it caustic; which gives it much greater power upon the grease, by removing the carbonic acid; hence the benetit of putting lime in the bottom of a leach when making soap from common ashes. 5. Transparent Soap. — Take nice yellow bar soap, 6 lbs. ; cut it thin and put into a brass, tin, or copner kettle, with alcohol, }/^ gal.; heating gradually over a slow fire, stirring until all is dissolved; tlien add an ounce of sassafras essence, and stir until well mixed ; now pour it into pans about V/^ inches deep, and when cold, cut into square bars, the length or width of the pan, as desired. This gives you a nice toilet soap for a trifling expense, and when fully dry it is very transparent. 6. One Hundred Pounds of Good Soap for $1.30.— Take potash, 6 lbs., 75 cts. ; lard, 4 lbs., 50 cts. ; resin, }^ lb., 5 cts. Beat up the resin, mix all together, and set aside for five days; then put the whole into a ten-gallon cask of warm water, and stir twice a day for ten days; at the expiration of which time you will have one hundred pounds of excellent soap. 7. Chemical Soft Soap. — J. Hamilton, an English gentleman, and proprietor of the Eagle Hotel, xVurora, Indiana, makes his soap for house use as follows : Take grease, 8 lbs.; caustic soda, 8 lbs.; sal-soda, 1 lb.; melt the grease in a kettle, melt the sodas in soft water, 4 gals., and p»ur all into a barrel holding 40 gals., and fill up with soft water, and the la- bor is done. When the caustic soda cannot be obtained of soap-makers, you will make it by taking soda-ash and fresh slacked lime, of each eight pounds; dissolving them in the water with the sal-soda, and when set- tled, pouring otf the clear liquid, as in the " White Hard Soap with Tallow." 8. Soap without Heat. — Mr. Tomlinson, writing to Judge Buel, says : " My wife has no tronble about soap. The grease is put into a cask, and strong lye added. During the year, as the fat increases, more lye is stirred in; and occasionally stirred with a stick that is kept in it. By the time the cask is full, the soap is made for use." There is no mistake about this manner of making soap. The only object of boiling is to increase the strength of weak lye and hasten the process. 9. Windsor, or Toilet Soap. — Cut some new white bar soap into thin slices, melt it over a slow fire, and scent it with oil of caraway; when perfectly dissolved, pour it into a mould and let it remain a week, then cut it into such sized squares as you may require. 10. Yariegated Toilet Soap. — Soft water, 3 qts. ; nice white bar soap, 3 lbs.; sal-soda, 2 ozs. ; Chinese vermilion, and Chinese blue, of each, as much as will lie on a five-cent piece; oil of sassafras, % oz. Shave the soap fine, and put it into the water as it begins to boil ; when dissolved, set it from the fire; take out a cup of the soap and stir in the vermilion ; take out another cup of the soap and stir in the blue ; then pour in one of the cups and give two or three turns only with the stirring stick; then put in the other in the same waj^; and finally pour into a suitable box; and when cold it can be cut into bars; or it can be run in moulds, if desired. It will become hard in a short time, giving Miscellaneous Department 557 most excellent satisfaction. If stirred thoroughly, after putting in the colors, it would be all of a mixed color; but giving it only two or three turns, leaves it in streaks, most beautiful. Soap manufacturers generally use soda, in preference to wood- ashes, because less troublesome; and to make it more caustic, or in other words, to absorb the carbonic acid gas, they must put about pound for pound of recently slacked lime with soda-ash, or sal-soda; dissolving by heat or stirring, or by both, using suflicient water to make tlie lye support a fresh-laid Q^g, and drawing it olf clear of the lime sediment. Thirteen hundred pounds of the tallow, or there- abouts, with this lye, make one ton of white soap ; and yellow soap, by using ten hundred of tallow and three hundred and fifty of 3'ellow resin, for each ton, boiling with the lye until they unite; then pouring into frames, made to fit one upon another, to cool and harden; finally taking off one frame at a time, and with a wire, having a handle at each end to draw it with, cut into slices, then bats, and cording up, as wood, to dry. If wood-ashes are used, plenty of lime must be put into the bottom of the leach. TALLOW CANDLES— For Summer Use.— Most tallow, in sum- mer, is more or less soft, and often quite yellow. To avoid both : Take your tallow and put a little bees-wax with it, especially if your bees-wax is dark and not fit to sell; put into a suitable kettle, adding ^oeak lye, and gently boil, an hour or two each day for 2 days, stirring and skimming well; each morning cutting it out and scraping off the bottom which is soft, adding fresh lye (be sure it is not too strong), 1, or 2, or 3 gals., according to the amount of tallow. The third morning use water in which alum and saltpetre are dissolved, at the raie of 1 lb. each for 30 lbs. of tallow; then simmer, stir, and skim again; let cool, and you can take it otf the water for use. Tliey may be dipped or run in moulds. For dipping, allow two pounds for each dozen candles. Saltpetre and alum are said to harden lard for candles; but it can be placed among the humbugs of the day. But I will give you a plan which is a little shorter for hardening tallow; either will work well — take your choice : 2. Tallow— To Cleanse and Bleach.— Dissolve alum, 5 lbs., in water, 10 gals., by boiling; and when it is all dissolved, add tallow, 20 lbs.; continue the boiling for an hour, constantly stirring and skim- ming; when suflaciently cool to allow it, strain through thick muslin ; then set aside to harden; when taken from the water, lay it by for a short time to drip. Dip or mould, as you please, not expecting them to *'run" in summer nor "crack" in winter. They will also burn very brilliantly, at which, however, you will not be surprised when you consider the amount of filth thrown off in cleansing. FENCE POSTS— To Prevent Rotting.— A correspondent of the American Agriculturalist says : " I think it would be well to call the attention of farmers to the use of coal-tar as a paint. The tar produced in coal gas-works is ex- tensively used in England for painting fences, out-buildings, etc., and is being introduced in this country also. It never alters by exposure to the weather; and one or two good coats will last for many years. It is the cheapest and best black paint that can be used. Our buildings are painted with it; all our apparatus also; and even the wrought-iron Y)\\)Q we place in the ground is coated with it. I think if its advantages were fully known, it would be generally used throughout the United 558 Dr. Chase* s Recipes. States, The Government soak the brick used in building the fort at Throg's Neck in this tar, which renders them impervious to water; and posts painted with it are protected from rot, when in the ground, as effectually as if they had been charred." I know this tar is much more effectual than charring, and is not one-tenth the trouble. There are posts near this city wJiich have now been set over ten years, and yet no appearance of decay. The coating is still perfect also. The only objection to it as a paint above ground, is its offensive smell, from the heat of the sun. No persons should allow themselves to set a single post without its application, and farmers who are putting out much fence, cannot pos- sibly be so short-sighted as to neglect it after it once comes to their notice. It is doubly important to railroad companies from the fact that these roads run through the most level portions of country, and con- sequently the most swampy and wet, therefore fence posts are the more liable to rot. The mode of application is as follows : Have a large iron kettle so arranged that you can make and keep the tar hot, then, after having removed the bark, if any, set the end of the post into the tar; and if the tar is not sutficiently deep to take the post into it as far as you wish to tar it, have a swab of cloth tied upon a broom-handle or other stick, and swab it up at least 6 to 10 inches above the ground-line when the post is set; then lift up the post, let- ting it drip a moment, and lay it away upon rails or poles placed for that purpose, not allowing them to touch each other until dry. Two men will tar about five hundred posts in one day; and one barrel of tar will be sufficient for that number. Who, then, will hesi- tate to adopt its use, especially when the tar can be purchased at the gas-works for about two dollars per barrel? MEATS, TO PRESERVE.— Beef : To Pickle for Long Keepiug. —First, thoroughly rub salt into it and let it remain in bulk for 24 hours, to draw off the blood. Second, take it up, letting it di-ain, and pack as desired. Third, have ready a pickle prepared as follows : — For every 100 lbs. of beef, use 7 lbs. of salt; saltpetre and cayenne pep- per, of each, 1 oz. ; molasses, 1 qt., and soft water, 8 gals.; boil and skim well; and when cool, pour it over the beef. This amount will cover one hundred pounds, if it has been prop- erly packed. I have found persons who use nothing but salt with the water, and putting on hot, scalding again at the end of three weeks, and putting on hot again. The only object claimed for putting the brine on the meat while hot, is, that it hardens the surface, which re- tains the iuices, instead of drawing them off. 2. The Michigan Farmer^s Method.— Is : ''For each 100 lbs of beef, use salt, 5 lbs.; saltpetre, 34 oz. ; brown sugar, 1 lb.; dissolve in sufficient water to cover the meat — two weeks after, take up, drain — throw away the brine— make more the same as first — it will keep the season through. When to be boiled for eating, put into boiling water — for soups, into cold water." I claim a preference for the first plan, of drawing off the blood before pickling, as saving labor; and that the cayenne and saltpetre improve the flavor and help preserve; and that boiling and skimming cleanse the brine very much. Of late years I pursue the followiny the action of the caustic-lime, becomes insoluble, and has been used, for time immemorial, as a lute for chemical experiments. It is a good, and in comparison with white lead, a durable paint." — Moore's Rural New Yorker. Most of the cheap paints will require about three coats. White lead always requires two, but some people think because tiiey get a cheap paint that one coat ought to make a good job. Two will gener- ally do with any except white. 4. White Paint— A new Way of Manufacturing:,— The following was communicated by a man who was formerly a carpenter in the U. S. Navy: " During a cruise in the South Pacific we went into the harbor of Coquimbo; and as the ship had been out a long time, she was covered with rust from stem to stern. It was the anxious wish of the com- mander that she should be restored to her original colors; but on ex- amining the store-room, it was ascertained that there was not a pound of white lead in the ship. In this emergency I bethought me of an ex- pedient which concocted an admirable substitute, composed of the fol- lowing ingredients: " Air-.slacked lime, pulverized until it was of the fineness of flour, which was then passed through a sieve. Rice boiled in a hirge kettle nntilthe substance was drawn entirely out of the grain; the water, then of a plastic nature, was strained to separate the grain, etc , from the clear liquid. A tub, about the size of a half barrel, of ti'e prepared lime and rice-water, was mixed with one gallon of linse^d-oil ; and Miscellaneous Department. 571 the material had so much the appearance of paint that a novice could not have told the difference *'The ship was painted outside and inboard with the above mix- ture (which cost next to notliin^,) and never presented a finer white streak on her bends, or clearer bulwarks and berth-deck than on that occasion, and no other kind of white paint was used during the remain- der of the cruise." If this is good for ships out and Inboard, it is worth trying for fen- ces and out- work requiring a cheap white paint. 5. Black and Oreea Paiut— Durable and Cheap, for Out-Door Work. — Any quantity of charcoal, powdered; a sufficient quantity of litharge as a dryer, to be well levigated (rubbed smooth) with linseed- oil ; and when used, to be thinned with well boiled linseed-oil. The above forms a good black paint. By adding yellow ochre, an excellent green is produced, which is preferable to the bright green, used by painters, for all garden work, as is it does not fade with the sun. This composition was first used by Dr. Parry, of Bath, on some spouts ; which, on being examined, fourteen years afterwards, were found to be as perfect as when first put up. 6. Milk Paint, for Barns— Any Color.—" Mix water lime with skim-milk, to a proper consistence to apply with a brush, and it is ready for use. It will adhere well to wood, whether rough or smooth, to brick, mortar, or stone, where oil has not been used." (in which case it cleaves to some extent,) and forms a very hard substance, as durable as the best oil paint. It is too cheap to estimate, and any one can put it on who can use a brush." — Country Gentleman. Any color may be given to it, by using colors of the tinge desired, dissolving in whisky first, the adding in to suit the fancy, as in the first recipe. If a red is preferred, mix in Venitian-rcd with milk, not using any lime. It looks well for fifteen vears. LIQUID, AND WATER-PROOF GLUES.— Liquid Glue.— To have a good glue always ready for use, just put a bottle two-thirds full of best common glue, and fill up the bottle with common whisky; cork it up, and set by for 3 or 4 days, and it will dissolve without the application to heat. It will keep for years, and is always ready to use without heat, ex- cept in very cold weather, when it may need to be set a little while in a warm place, before using. 2. Imitation of Spalding's Glue. — First, soak in cold water all the glue you wish to make at one time, using only glass, earthen, or procelain dishes; then by gentle heat dissolve the glue in the same wa- ter, and pour in a little nitric acid, sufficient to give the glue a sour taste, like vinegar, or from 3^ oz. to 1 oz. to each pound of ghie. The acid keeps it in a liquid state, and prevents it from spoiling ; as nice as Spalding's or any other, for a very trifling expense. If iron dishes are used, the acid corrodes them and turns the glue black. Or : 3. Acetic acid, 1 oz. ; pure soft water, 6 ozs. ; glue, 3 ozs.; gum tragacanth, 1 oz. Mix, and if not as thick as desired, add a little more glue. This keeps in a liquid state, does not decompose; and is valuable for Druggists in labeling; also for house use; and if furniture men were not prejudiced, they would find it valuable in the shop. 4. Water-Proof Glue — Is made by first soaking the glue in cold water, for an hour or two, or until it becomes a little soft, yet retain- 572 Dr. Chase's Recipes. ing its original form ; then taking it from tlie water and dissolving it by gentle heat, stirring in a little boiled linseed-oil. If mahogany veneers were put on with this glue, they would not fall off, as they now do, by the action of the atmosphere. FIllE KINDLERS.— To make very nice tire kiiidlers, lake resin, any quantity, and melt it, putting in for each i)Ouud being nsed, from 2 to 8 ozs. of tallow, and when all is hot, stir in pine saw-dust to make very thick; and, while yet hot, spread it out about 1 inch thick, upon boards which have fine saw-dust sprinkled upon them, to prevent it from sticking. When cold, break up into lumps about 1 inch square. But if for sale, take a thin board and press upon it, while yet warm, to lay it off into 1 inch squares; this makes it break regularly, if you press the crease sutHciently deep, greasing the marking-board to pre- vent it from sticking. One of these blocks will easily ignite with a match, and burn with a strong blaze long enough to kindle any wood lit to burn. The above sells readily in all our large towns and cities at great profit. 2. Most of the published recipes call for resin, 3 lbs. ; tar, 1 qt. ; and 1 gill of turpentine; but they make a black, sticky mess of stuff, which always keeps the hands daubed. On the other hand, this makes a resin-colored kindler, which breaks nicely also when cold ; and they are decidedly a nice thing ; and much more certain to start a fire than shavings. If the tar plan is used, 1 pt. is enough for 5 lbs. of resin. STARCH POLISH.— White- wax, 1 oz. ; spermaceti, 2 ozs. ; melt them together with a gentle heat. Wlien you have prepared a sufficient amount of starch, in the usual way, for a dozen pieces — put into it a piece of the polish the size of a large pea; more or less, according to large or small washings. Or, thick gum solution (made by pouring boiling water upon gum arable,) one table spoon to a pint of starch, gives clothes a beautiful gloss. PERCUSSION MATCHES— Of the Best Quality.- Chlorate of potash, %\h.\ glue, 3 lbs.; white lead, dry, 5 lbs. ; red lead, % lb. ; phosphorus, 2^ lbs. Directions. — First put the chlorate into a dish made for the purpose, deep, and of a suitable size to set into a kettle of water, which can be kept on the fire for 2 or 3 days, having 2 qts. of water on the chlorate; then put tiie glue on top of the chlorate water, and let soak, until all is perfectly dissolved ; then add the leads and heat up quite hot, and thoroughly mix; let cool, and add the phos- phorus, let it dissolve and be careful never to heat hot after the phos- phoius is added; stir occasionally when dipping, and if little particles of phosphorus fires, push it down into the mixture, or put on warm water; if you put on cold water it will fly all over you. Keep it rather thin after the phosphorus is put in, and there will be no danger ; al- though the chlorate of potash is considered a dangerous article to work with; so is powder, yet when you know how to work with them, you can do as safely with one as the other. When dry give them a coat of varnish. I have been acquainted with a man for about fourteen years who niakes them, and several others for a less time, without trouble or ac- cident. A better match was never made to stand dampness, or bear transportation without setting on fire. I have used and sold them much of the time, and speak from knowledge. One explosion has since taken place. The plan i^ursued here in preparing the splints is as follows: — Sawed pine timber from four to eight inches each way, is cut off the right length for the match, then one end of it is shaved smooth with a Miscellaneous Department. 573 drawin,:^-kiiife; the block is held upon the horse by a brace from the top of the horse head against the backside of the block, so as to be out of the way of the knife instead of piittin": the block under the jaws of the horse head, as the dents made in the end of match timber would not answer; the front edge comes against a strip put on for thnt purpose; then glue the other end and put on brown paper which holds them to- gether when split; machines are used to split with whicii feed up the block enough each time the knife is raised, to make the size of the match when split the other way, or about ten to the inch. These ma- chines cost about fifty dollars, and the work goes ahead like a young saw-mill, by simply turning a crank as shown in the figure. A A, shows two standards bolted upon a base plank, four feet in length; these standards support a shaft, with crank and balance wheel D, which is two feet in diameter; the shaft has upon it an oval wheel, G, which sinks the knife, F, twice in each revolution, the knife passing down through a space in a thin iron strip, H, standing out from the two blocks, C C, under which the match block passes by the drawing of the chain seen to pass over a small drum, P, upon the shaft of the rag wheel, B, the notches being only one-fourth inch apart, aul fed up by the hand, M, attached to the iron frame, L, being kept buck 'o the cam wheel, E, which has two swells upon it, by a light spring which is not shown. Match Splitting Machine. The hand, M, is kept down into the cogs or notches by the little spiral wire spring, K; the match block, to be split, sets in the frame forward of the block, I, which lins a pin in it to draw back the frame. When the block of matches is split, this frame goes forward to touch a catch, the same as a saw-mill, which lets another spring not seen, raise the hand, M, when the feeding operation ceases. The frame is then drawn back and the same repeated. As the match is split they open and require a rounding mortise made through the base plank between the blocks, C C, which allows them to remain in a half-circular form — the knife is raised by a line attached to a spring pole, T, the knife is screwed upon a piece of cast iron which works in the guide, N, having the back and end firmly fastened by a bolt through the standard, O. This knife stands at right angles with the shaft. When the matches are split and 574 ^^' Chase's Recipes. sufficiently dry to work upon, they are clipped in melted brimstone, kept hot, and the match also kept hot on a sheet iron stove, and all the brimstone is thrown oft' which can possibly be by jerking the block with the hand. If any brimstone remains upon the end it must be scraped off before dipping into the match composition. Without the chlorate, the composition makes a first-class " Friction Match." It ought to be known, however, that the match business is an unhealthy occupation, from the poisonous effects of the phosphorus. ISTEAM BOILERS.— To Prevent Lime Deposits.— Put into your cistern or tank, from which the boiler is fed, a sufficient amount of oak tan-bark, in the piece, to color the water rather .dark ; run 4 weeks and renew. This plan has been much used in the lime-stone sections of Wash- ington, O., giving general satisfaction. 2. Ohio River Plan. — Sprouts from barley, in malting, are re- commended by Capt. Lumm, part owner of a steamboat, and engineer on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to prevent the deposit of lime upon boilerv, r7id he says tightens up old leaky boilers, also. It may be used iu qun sillies of from 3 pts. to 2 or 3 qts., according to size of boilers. When it is put in you must know the quantity of water in the boiler, for unless you heat up quite slow it causes a foaming of ihe water, and might deceive the engineer about the amount of water in the boiler, but if heat up slow there is no danger of this deception. 3. To Prevent Explosion, with the Reason why they Explode. — At a recent meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Science, Mr. Hj^att, of New York, presented what we believe to be the true cause. He presented the following table, showing the rapidity with which pressure is doubled by only a slight increase of heat. At 213 degrees of heat water begins to boil ; at 868 degrees iron becomes of a red heat : 212 degrees of heat, 15 pounds to square inch. 251 " " 30 " *' 294 " " 60 " " " 342 •' " 120 " " " 398 " " 240 " " " 464 " " 480 " ''- " 868 " *' 7680 " " " It was stated by Mr. Hyatt, that, from experiments he had made, this great increase of pressure could be obtained in six to seven minutes, with an engine at rest. This rapid doubling of pressure, with but a small increase of heat, is due to the conversion of what is termed latent heat, in steam, into sensible lieat. If we immerse a thernionieter into boil- ing water, it stands at 212 ; if we place it in steam immediately above the water it indicates the same temperature. The question then arises what becomes of all the heat which is communicated to the water, since it is neither indicated by the water nor by the steam formed from it? The answer is, it enters the water and converts into steam without raising the temperature. One thousand degrees of heat are absorbed in the conversion of water into steam, and this is called its lateiit heat. And it is the sudden conversion of latent heat into sensible heat that produces the explosion. If an engine is stopped, even if there is but a moderate fire, if the escape valve is closed, there is a rapid absorption or accumulation of latent heat. The pressure rises with great rapidity, and when the engineer thinks everj'thing is safe, the explosion comes. That this is the true cause of nearly all the explosions that occur will be plain to every one who will look at the relations between latent Miscellaneous Department. 575 and sensible heat. Prof. Henry and Prof. Silliman, Jr., endorse the view. What, then, is the security against explosions? We know of no securities but these — a suflaciency of water in the boilers, and the escape valves open at light pressure, when the engine is at rest. — Spring- Jield Republican. There is no question about the foregoing explanations being found- ed in irwe philosophy ; and if engineers will be governed hj ih^m.^ in- stead of a desire to hold on to steam for the purpose of getting ahead or of keeping ahead, as the case may be, of some other boat; or on land, to save the expense of fuel, not one explosion would take place where now there is, at least, a hundred. Awful will be the reckoning with these murderers; for in Heaven's sight they are one and the same. A series of experiments have recently been concluded on the U. S. Steamer Michigan, and a full but voluminous report laid before the Navy Department, upon the subject of steam expansion. It would pay all interested in steam worlis to obtain and read it. PLUMS AND OTHER FRUIT— To Prevent Insects from Sting- ing. — Take new, dry lime, sulphur, and gunpowder, equal parts, pul- verized very fine, and throw it amongst the flowers when in full bloom; use it freely so that all may catch a little. This has been tried with success. Working upon the principle of pepper, to keep flies from meat. The injury to fruit being done while in blossom. BED-ROOM CARPETS— For Twelye and a Half Cents per Yard. — Sew together the cheapest cotton cloth, the size of the room, and tack the edges to the floor. Now paper the cloth as j'ou would the sides of a room, Avith ciieap room paper; putting a border around the edge if desired. The paste will stick better if a little gum arabic is mixed with it. When tiioroughly dry, give it two coats of furniture or car- riage varnish, and when dr}'' it is dowe. It can be washed; and looks well in proportion to the quality and figure of the paper used. It could not be expected to stand the wear of a kitchen, for any length of time, butfor bed-rooms it is well adapted. COFFEE— More Healthy and Better Flavored, for One-Fourth the Expense of Common. — Coffee, by weight or measure, one-fourth, rye, three-fourths. Look them over separately, to remove bad grains; then wash to remove (kist, draining off" the water for a moment as you t:ike it with the hands, from the washing water, putting directly into the browning skillet, carefully stirring, all the time, to brown it evenly. Brown each one separately; then mix evenly, and grind only as used; settling with a beaten a^^o^^ seasoning with a little cream and sugar as usual. And I do sincerely say the flavor is better, and it is one hundred per cent, more healthy than all coffee. You may try barley, peas, parsnips, dandelion roots, etc., but none of their flavors are equal to rye. Yet all of them are more or less used for coffee. PICKLING FRUITS AND CUCUMBERS— Pickling Apples.— Best vinegar, 1 gal. ; sugar, 4 lbs.; apples, all it will cover handsomely; cinnamon and cloves, ground, of each, 1 table-spoon. Pare and core the apples, tying up the cinnamon and cloves in a cloth and putting with the apples, into the vinegar and sugar and cooking until done, only. Keep in jars. They are nicer than pre- serves, and more healthj^ and keep a long time; not being too sour, nor too sweet, but an agreeable mixture of the two. It will be seen 576 Dr. Chase' s Recipes. below that the diflferent fruits require different quantities of sugar and vinegar, the reason for it, is, the diflference in the fruit. 2. Pickling Peaches. — Best vinegar, 1 qt. ; sugar, 4 lbs.; peaches, peeled and stoned, 8 lbs.; spices as desired, or as for apples. Treat every other way as apples. If they should begin to ferment, at any time, simply boil down the juice; then boil the peaches in it for a few minutes only. 3. Peaches — To Peel. — In peeling small peaches with a knife, too much of the peach is wasted; but by having a wire cage, similar to those made for popping corn; fill the cage with peaches and dip it into boiling water, for a moment, then into cold water for a moment and empty out; going on in the same way for all you wish to peel. This toughens the skin and enables you to strip it off, saving much in labor, and'also the waste of peach. Why not, as well as tomatoes? 4. Picklina: Plums,— Best vinegar, 1 pt. ; sugar, 4 lbs. ; plums, 8 lbs. ; spices to taste. Boiling them in the mixture until soft; then take out the plums, and boil the syrup until quite thick and pour it over them again. 5. Pickling Cucumbers.— Pick each morning; stand in weak brine 3 or 4 days, putting in mustard pods and horse-radish leaves to keep them green. Then take out and drain, covering with vinegar for a week; at which time take out and drain again, putting into new vinegar, adding mustard seed, ginger root, cloves, pepper and red pep- per pods, of each about 1 or 2 ozs. ; or to suit different tastes, for each barrel. The pickles will be nice and brittle, and pass muster at any man's table, or market. And if it was generally known that the greenness of pickles was caused by the action of the vinegar on the copper kettle, producing ix poison^ (verdigris,) in which they are directed to be scalded, I think no one would wish to have a nice looking pickle at the expense of health; if they do, they can continue the bad practice of scalding; if not, just put your vinegar on cold, and add your red peppers, or cayennes, cloves, and other spices, as desired; bat the vinegar must be changed once, as the large amount of water in the cucumber reduces the vinegar so much that this change is absolutely necessary; and if they should seem to lose their sharp taste again, just add a little mo- lasses, or spirit, and all will be right. SANDSTONE— To Preyent Scaling by Frost.— Raw linseed-oil, 2 or 3 coats. Apply in place of paint, not allow the first coat to get entirely dry until the next is applied; if it does, a skin is formed which prevents the next from penetrating the stone. Poorly burned brick will be equallv well preserved by the same process. SEALING WAX— Red, Black aud Blue.— Gum Shellac, 8 ozs.; Venice turpentine, 4 ozs.; Vermillion, 2% ozs.; alcohol, 2 ozs.; cam- phor gum, % oz. Dissolve the camphor in the alcohol, then the shellac, adding the turpentine, and finally the vermillion, being very careful that no blaze shall come in contact with its fumes; for if it does, it will fire very quickly. Bliie. — SuDstitute fine Prussian-blue for the vermillion, same quantity. Black. — Lamp-black only sufficient to color. Either color must be well rubbed into the mixture. ADVICE— To Young Men and Others, out of Employment.— Advice. — How few there are who will lie;\r advice at all; not because it is advice, but from the fact that those who attempt to give it are not Miscellaneous Department 577 qualified for the work they assume; or tliat they endeavor to thrust it upon their notice at an inappropriate time; or upon persons over whom no control is acceded, if claimed. But a book or paper never give of- fense from any of these causes ; therefore, they are always welcomed with a hope that real benefit may be derived from their suggestions. Whether that end will be attained in this case, I leave to the judg- ment of those for whom it is intended; hoping they may find them- selves sufficiently interested to give it a careful perusal, and candid consideration. And although my remarks must, in this work, be necessarily short, yet every sentence shall be a text for your own thoughts to contemplate and enlarge upon; and perhaps, in some future edition of the work, I may take room and time to give the sub- ject that attention which is really its due; and which would be a pleasure to devote to its consideration. First, then, let me ask why are so many young men and other persons out of employment ? Tlie answer is very positive as well as very plain. It is this — indolence, coupled with a determination that they will do some great thing, only. And because that great thing does not turn up without eff'ort, tliey are doing nothing. The point of diffi- culty is simply this: They look for the end, before the beginning. But just consider how few there are that really accomplish any great thing, even with a whole life of industry and economical perseverance. And yet most of our youth calculate that their 6e2:^V^.n^V^5' shall be among the greats. But as no one comes to offer them their expectations, indolence says wait ; and so they are still waiting. Now mind you, so long as your expectations are placed upon a chance offer of something very remunerative, or upon the assistance of others, even in a small way, so long will you continue to wait in vain. At this point, then, the ques- tion would arise, what can be done ? and the answer is equallj'- plain with the other. Take hold of the first job you can find, for it will not find you. No matter how insignificant it may be, it will be better than longer idleness; and when you are seen doing something for yourself, by those whose opinions are worth any consideration, they will soon offer you more and better jobs; until, finally, you will find something which agrees with your taste or inclination, for a life busi- ness. But remember that the idle never have good situations offered them. It is the industrious and persevering only, who are needed to assist in life's great struggle. There are a few lines of poetry called "The Excellent Man," which advocates the principles I am endeavoring to advance, so ad- mirably that I cannot deny myself the pleasure of quoting them. The old proverb, " God helps those who help themselves," is as true as it is old, and after all that is said and done, in this country, if in no other, a man must depend on his own exertions, not on patronage, if he would have or deserve success : "They gave me advice and counsel in store. Praised me and honored ra.e more and more, Said that I only should ' wait awhile,' Offered their patronage, too, with a smile. But with all their honor and approbation, I should long ago have died of starvation, Had there not come an excellent man, Who, bravely to help me along began. Good-fellow ! he got me the food I ate ; His kindness and care I shall never forget; Yet I cannot embrace him— though other folks can. For I, myself, am this excellent man, 25 578 Dr. Chase's Recipes. Up, then, and at it, for there is Knitting and sewing, and reaping and mowing. And all kinds of work for the people to do. To keep themselves busy, both Abram and Lizzie ; Begin, then, ye idle, there is plenty for you. When you have found a situation or a job of work, prove yourself honest, industrious, persevering, and faithful in every trust, and no fears need be apprehended of your final success. Save a part of your wages as a sinking fund, or rather as a floating fund, which shall keep your head above water in a storm ; or to enable you, at no distant day, to commence a business of your own. A poor orphan boy, of fourteen, once resolved to save half of his wages, which were only four dollars per month, for this purpose ; and actually refused, even in sickness, although really suffering for comforts, to touch this business fund. He was afterwards the richest man in St. Louis. His advice to young men was always this : "Goto work; save half your wages; no matter how small they may be, until you have what will enable you to begin what you wish to follow ; then begin it, stick to it ; be economical, prudent, and careful, and you cannot fail to prosper." My advice is the same, with this qualification, however ; that in choosing your occupation, you should be governed by the eternal prin- ciples of right ! never choosing that which when done, injures a fel- low creature more than it cau possibly benefit yourself — I mean the liquor traffic. But, with the feeling of St. Paul, when he saw the necessity of doing something different from what he had been doing, he cried out, " Lord, what wilt thou have me to do ? " Ask your own tastes, being goverened by conscience, under the foregoing principles; knowing that if a person has to learn a trade or business against his own inclination, it requires double dilligence to make only half speed, and hardlj'' ever meeting with success. The question to be settled, then, is this: Shall I work the soil; shall I be a mechanic, teacher, divine, physician, lawyer, merchant, druggist, or grocer, or shall it be soraetliing else ? Whenever you make up your mind what it shall be, make it up, also, to be the best one in that line of business. Set your mark high, both in point of moral purity and literary qualifications. If you choose any of the occupations of trade, you must save all that is possible for economy and prudence to do, for your beginning. But if you choose one of the learned professions, you must work with the same care and prudence until you have accumulated sufficient to make a fair commencement in your studies; then prosecute them in all faithfulness as far as the accumulated means will advance you ; realizing that this increase of knowledge will give you increased power in obtaining the further means of prosecuting your studies, necessary to quality you to do one thing only in life. Nearly all of our best men are self-made, and men of one idea; i. e., they have set themselves to be mechanics, physicians, lawyers, sculptors, etc., and have bent their whole energies and lives to fit themselves for the great work before them. Begin, then ; offer no ex- cuse. Be sure you are on the right track, then go ahead. •* Live for something; slothful be no longer, Look around for some employ ; Labor always makes you stronger. And also gives you sweetest joy. Miscellaneous Department. 579 Idle hands are always weary ; Faithful hearts are always gay; Life for us, should not be dreary ; Nor can it, to the active, every day," Always remembering that industry, in study or labor, will keep ahead of his- work, giving time for pleasure and enjoyment; but indo- lence is ever behind ; being driven with her work, and no prospect of its ever being accomplished. When you have made your decision, aside from what time you must necessarily devote to labor, let all possible time be given to the study of the best works upon the subject of your occupation or profes- sion, knowing that one hour's reading in the morning, when the mind is calm and free from fatigue, thinking and talking with your com- panions through the day upon the subjects of which you have been reading, will be better than twice that time in evening reading; yet if both can be enjoyed, so much the better; but one of them must cer- tainlyl be occupied in this way. n uf you choose somethingin the line of mercantile or trade life, do sot pi t off, too long, comm encing for yourself. Better begin in a main way and learn, as your capital increases, how to manage a larger busiless. knew a gentleman to commence a business with five dollars, and in two weeks his capital was seventeen dollars, besides feeding his family. I knew one, also, to begia with sixty dollars, and in fifteen months he cleared over four hundred and fifty dollars, besides supporting his cfamily. Then he soldout, and lost all, before he again got into suc- essful business. No person should ever sell out, or quit an honorable, paying busi- ness. Those who choose a professional life, will hardly find a place in the West equal to the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, to obtain their literary qualifications. An entrance fee of ten dollars to resi- dents of Michigan, and twenty-five dollars to residents of other States and countries, with ten dollars yearly, pays for a full Literary, Law, Medical, or Civil Engineering course ; the first requiring four, the two next, two, and the last, three years. [See Frontispiece.] Or, in the words of the Catalogue: "The University having been endowed by the General Government, affords education without money and without price. There is no young man so poor, that industry, diligence, and perseverance, will not enable him to get an education here. *' The present condition of the University confirms this view of its character. While the sons of the rich, and of men of more or less property, and, in large proportion, the sons of substantial farmers, mechanics, and merchants, are educated here, there is also a ver}^ con- siderable number of young men, dependent entirely upon their own exertions — young men who, accustomed to work on the farm, or in the mechanic's shop, have become smitten with the love of knowledge, and are manfully working their way through, to a liberal education, by appropriating a portion of their time to the field or the work- shop." Persons wishing to qualify themselves for teaching in this State, will find the Normal School, Ypsilanti, undoubtedly preferable. And that none may excuse themselves from an efibrt because somewhat advanced in life, let me say that Dr. Eberle, who wrote sev- 580 Dr, Chase's Recipes, eral valuable medical works, did not beo:in his medical studies until foity-five 5'ears of age; and, although I could mention many more, I will only add that I myself always desired to become a phj^sician, yet circumstances did not favor or justify my commencement until I was thirty eight. See the remarks following "Eye Water." There is no occupation, however, so free and independent as that of the farmer; and there is none, except parents, capable of using so great an influence, for good or for evil, as that of teacher. All might and ought, to a greater or less extent, be farmers; but all cannot be teachers. Then let those whose taste inclines them to teach, not shrink the responsibility, but fully qualify for the work; learning also the ways of truth and righteousness for themselves ; teaching it through the week-school, by action as well as by word, and in the Sabbath-school fail not to take their stand for the right, like our President dect; then when it comes your turn to assist in the government of the State, or nation, the people will come to your sup- port, as you do to your work — as they have just done to his, (1860); feeling as now, that the government must be safe in the hands of those who love God— deal honestly with their fellows — and who, in remem- bering the Sabbath to keep it holy themselves, are not ashamed, nor forget, to teach the children to love the same God, and reverence His Word. Only think : a Sabbath-school teacher — a raU-spUtter — a boat- man — President of the United States! Who will hereafter be afraid of common labor, or let indolence longer prevent their activity, when it is only those who begin with small things, and persevere through life, that reach the final goal of greatness, and, as in this case, are crowned with the greatest honor which man can receive — the confidence of his nation ? Then let i7i(fw«^ry take the place of indolence, beginning to be great by grappling with the small things of life. Be faithful to yourself, and you may reasonably expect the end shall indeed be great. And although it could not be expected, in a work of this kind, that much could or would be said directly regarding a future life, yet I should be recreant to my duty if I did not say a word more upon that subject. It shall be only a word. Be as faithful to GOD as I have recommended you to be to yourselves, and all things pertaining to a future will be equally prosperous, and glorious in their results. GRAMMAR IN RHYME— For the Little Folks.— It is seldom that one sees so much valuable matter as the following lines contain, com- prised in so brief a space. Every young grammarian, and many older heads, will find it highly advantageous to commit the *'poem" to memory, for with these lines at the tongue's end, none need ever mis- take a part of speech : 1. " Three little words you often see, Are articles — a, aw, and the. 2. A Noun's the name of any thing. As school, or garden, hoop, or swing. 8. Adjectives tell the kind of Noun, As great, small, pretty, white, or brown. 4. Instead of Nouns the Pronouns stand — Her head, his face, your arm, my hand. 5. Verbs tell of something to be done— To read, count, sing, laugh, jump, or run. Miscellaneous Depaitment. 581 6. How things are done, the Adverbs tell, As slowly t quickly i ill, or well. 7. Conjunctions join the words together, As men and women, wind or weather. 8. The Preposition stands before A Noun, as m or through a door. 9. The Interjection shows surprise, As oh! how pretty, ah! how wise. The whole are called Nine Parts of Speech, Which reading, writing, speaking, teach. MUSICAL CURIOSITY— Scotch Genius iu Teaching.— A High- land piper having a scholar to teach, disdained to crack his brains, with the names of semibreves, minims, crotchety, and quavers : " Here, Donald," said he, " tak' yer pipes, lad, an' gie us a blast. So — verra weel blawn indeed; but what's a sound, Donald, without sense ? Ye mawn blaw forever without makin' a tune o't, if I dinna tell ye how the queer things on the paper maun help ye. You see that big fellow wi' a round, open face? (pointing to a semibreve between two lines of a bar.) He moves slowly from that line to this, while ye beat ane wi' yer fist, and gie us a long blast. If, now, ye put a leg to him, ye mak' twa o' him. an' he'll move twice as fast; and if ye black his face, he'll run four times faster than the fellow wi' the white face; but if, after blacking his face, ye'll bend his knee or tie his leg, he'll hop eight times faster than the white-faced chap I showed you first. Now, whene'r ye blaw yer pipes, Donald, remember this — that the tighter those fellows' legs are tied, the faster they'll run, and the quicker they're sure to dance." That is, the more legs they have bent up, contrary to nature, the faster goes the music. APPENDIX TO MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. Business Law. — Ignorance of the law excuses no one. It is a a fraud to conceal a fraud. The law compels no one to do impossibilities. An agreement without consideration is void. Signatures made with a lead-pencil are good in law. A receipt for money paid is not legally conclusive. The acts of one partner bind all the others. Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. A contract made with a minor is void. A contract made with a lunatic is void. Contracts for advertisements in Sunday newspapers are invalid. Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. Agents are responsible to their principals for errors. Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the whole amount of the debts of tlie firm. A note given hy a minor is void. Notes bear interest only when so stated. It is not legally necessary to say on a note "for value received." A note drawn on Sunday is void. A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intoxica- tion, cannot be collected. If a note be lost or stolen, it does not release the maker; he must pay it. An endorser of a note is exempt from liability if not served with notice of its dishonor within twenty-four hours of its non-payment. Business Maxims. — Caution is tlie fatlier of security. He who pays before-hand is served behind-hand. If you would know the value of a dollar, try to borrow one. Be silent when a fool talks. Kever speak boastingly of your busiress. An hour of triumph comes at last to those who watch and wait. Word by word Webster's big dictionary was made. Speak well of your friends — of your enemies say nothing. Never take back a discharged servant. If you post your servants upon your afl^iirs, they will one day rend you. Do not waste time in useless regrets over losses. Systematize your business, and keep an eye on little expenses. Small leaks sink great ships Never fail to take a receipt for money paid, and keep copies of your letters. Do your business promptly, and bore not a business man with long visits. Law is a trade in which the lawyers eat the oysters and leave the clients the shells. Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 583 ■Rothschild, the founder of the world-renowned house of Roths- child & Co., ascribed his success to the following: Never have anything to do with an unlucky man. Be cautious and bold. Make a bargain at once. Bugr Poison.— Proof spirit, 1 pt. ; camphor, 2 ozs. ; oil of turpen- tine, 4 ozs. ; corrosive sublimate, 1 oz. Mix. To Avoid Catching Cold.— Accustom yourself to the use of spong- ing with cold water every morning on first getting out of bed. It should be followed by a good deal of rubbing with a wet tovvel. It has considerable effect in giving tone to the skin, and maintaining a proper action in it, and thus proves a safeguard to the injurious influ- ence of cold and sudden changes of temperature. Sir Astley Cooper said: "The methods by which I have preserved my own health are- temperance, early rising, and sponging the body every morning with cold water, immediately after getting "out of bed— a practice which I have adopted for thirty years without ever catching cold." Substitute for Cement.— The white of an egg, well beaten with quicklime, and a small quantity of very old cheese, forms an excellent substitute for cement, when wanted in a hurry, either for broken china or old ornamental glassware. Cement for Broken China, Glass, etc.— The following recipe, from experience, we know to be a good one; and be'.ng nearly colorless, it possesses advantages which liquid glue and other cements do not : — Dissolve 3^ oz. of gum acacia in a wine-glass of boiling water; add plaster of Paris sutficient to form a thick piste, and apply it with a brush to the parts required to be cemented together. Several articles upon our toilet table have been repaired most effectually by this recipe. Capacity of Cisterns or Wells.— Tabular view of the number of gallons contained in the clear, between the brick-work, for each ten inches of depth : DIAMETER. GAL. 2 feet equal 19 2K " " 3 " " 3K " " 5 " " 6 *' " 6K " '^ 7K " " ****'^^^*'.v.; DIAMETER. GAL* 8 feet equal 313 '' 353 " 396 " 461 " 489 *' 592 " 705 " 827 " 959 " 1101 " 1958 " 3059 Disinfectingr Fumigration. — Common salt, 3 ozs.; black manga- nese, oil of vitriol, of each, 1 oz. ; water, 2 ozs. ; carried in a cup through the apartments of the sick; or the apartments intended to be fumigated, where sickness has been, may be shut up for an hour or two, and then opened. Coffee a Disinfectant. — Numerous experiments with roasted coffee prove that it is the most powerful means, not only of rendering ani- mal and vegetable effiuvia innocuous, but of actually destroying them. A room in which meat in an advanced degree of decomposition had been kept for some time, was instantly deprived of all smell on an open coffee-roaster being carried through it, containing a pound of 30 w,. 44 9 60 W9, 78 10 99 11 122 12 148 13 176 14 207 15 240 20 275 25 584 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. coffee newly roasted. In another room, exposed to the efRuvium occa- sioned by the clearing out of the dung-pit, so that sulpliuretted hydro- gen and ammonia in great quantities could be chemically detected, the stench was completely removed in half a minute, on the employment of three ounces of fresh-roasted coffee, whilst the otlier parts "of tlie house were permanently cleared of the same smell by being simply traversed with the coffee-roaster, although the cleansing of the dung- pit continued for several hours after. The best mode of using the coffee as a disinfectant is to dry the raw bean, pound it in a mortar, and then roast the powder on a moderately heated iron plate, until it assumes a dark brown tint, when it is fit for use. Tlien sprinkle it in sinks or cesspools, or lay it on a plate in the room which you wish to have purified. Coffee acid or coffee oil acts more readily in minute quantities. Charcoal as a Disinfectant. — The great efficacy of wood and ani- mal charcoal in absorbing effluvia, and the greater number of gases and vapors, has long been known. Charcoal powder has also, during many centuries, been advan- tageously employed as a filter for putrid water, the object in view be- ing to deprive the water of numerous organic impui-ities diffused through it, which exert injurious eflects on the animal economy. It is somewhat remarkable that the very obvious application of a perfectly similar operation to the still rarer fluid in which we live — namely, the air, which not unfrequently contains even more noxious orgatiic impurities floating in it than those present in water — should have for so long a period been so unaccountably overlooked. Charcoal not only absorbs effluvia and gaseous bodies, but espe- cially, when in contact with atmospheric air, oxidizes and destroys many of the easily alterable ones, by resolving them into the simplest combinations they are capable of forming, which are chiefly water and carbonic acid. It is on this oxidizing property of charcoal, as well as on its ab- sorbent power, that its efficacy as a deodorizing and disinfecting agent chierty depends. Effluvia and miasmata are usually regarded as highly organized, nitrogenous, easily alterable bodies. When these are absorbed by charcoal, they come in contact with highly condensed oxygen gas, which exists within the pores of all charcoal which has been exposed to the air, even for a few minutes; in this way they are oxidized and destroyed. Flies to Destroy. — A tea-spoon of laudanum, and two table-spoons of water, strongly sweetened with sugar, placed in a saucer, — or dis- solve quassia chips in boiling water, and sweeten. Or a strong infu- sion of green tea, well sweetened. Or ground black pepper and sugar, diluted in milk, and put on plates, etc. Flies, To keep off. — Dust meat over with pepper, or powdered gin- ger, or fasten to it a piece of paper on which camphor has been well rubbed, or a few drops of creosote. Mixture for Destroying Flies.— Infusion of quassia, 1 pt. ; brown sugar, 4ozs.; ground pepper, 2 ozs. To be well mixed together, an put in small shallow dishes when required. To Destroy Flies in a a room, take half a tea-spoon of black pep- per in powder, 1 tea-spoon of brown sugar, andl table-spoon of cream, mix them well together, and place them in the room on a plate, where the flies are troublesome, and they will soon disappear. Flies. — Cold green tea, very strong, and sweetened with sugar, Appendix to Miscellaneous Department. 585 will, when set about the room in saucers, attract flies, and destroy them. Grease and Oil, to Remove. — Make a strong lye of pearl-ashes and soft water; and as much unslacked lime as it will take up; stir it to- gether; let it settle; bottle it and stop close; have water ready to low- er it as used, and scour the part with it. If the liquor should lie long on the boards it will extract the color of them. Use care and expe- dition. Grease, to clean from Floors. — Spread over the stain a thick coat of soft soap , then pass a heated flat-iron a few times across it, after which wash immediately, flrst with Fullers' eartli water, and then clean water. Grease Spots, to remove. — The application of spirits of turpen- tine, and a little essence of lemon ; wash with soap and water. Some wash with alum water, or white soap, potass, and ox-gall, or with sour butter-milk mixed with strong ascetic acid. — Or apply a solution of magnesia. Grease Spots, to remove from Books. — Moisten the spot with a camel-hair pencil dipped in spirits of turpentine; when dry, moisten with spirits of wine. Grease, to remove from Cloth. — Soft soap, and fuller's earth, 1^ lb.; be at well together in a mortar, and form into cakes. The spot, first moistened with water, is rubbed with a cake, and allowed to dry, when it is well rubbed with a little warm water, and rinsed, or rubbed off" clean. Hair-Brushes and Combs, to Clean. — ^Dissolve potash in boiling water, and rub the brush with soap; dip the brush into the solution, and draw it through the comb frequently, taking care to keep the wood dry. Lastly, rinse the hair in cold water, and dry. To Prevent Moths. — In the month of April or May, beat your fur garments well with a small cane or elastic stick, then wrap them up n linen, without pressing the fur too hard, and put betwixt the folds some camphor in small lumps; then put your furs in this state in box- es well closed. When the furs are wanted for use, beat them well as before, and expose them for twenty-four hours to the air, whicli will take away the smell of the camphor. If the fur has long hair, as bear or fox, add to the camphor an equal quantity of black pepper in pow- der. To free Plants from Lefif-Lice.— M. Braun, of Vienna, gives the following as a cheap and easy mode of effecting it: — Mix 1 oz of flour of sulphur with 1 bushel of sawdust; scatter this over the plants infected with these insects, and they will soon be freed, though the sec- ond application may possibly be necessary. Paste is usually made by rubbing up flour with cold water, and boiling; if a little alum is mixed before boiling it is much improved, being less clammy, working more freely in the brush, and thinner, a less quantity is required, and it is therefore stronger. If required in a large quantity, as for papering rooms, it may be made by mixing Zy^ lbs. flour, ^Ib. of alum; and a little warm water ; when mixed, the requisite quantity of boiling water should bo poured on whilst the mix- ture is being stirred. Paste is only adapted to cementing paper; when used it should be spread on one side of the paper ; which should then be folded with the pasted side inwards, and allowed to remain a few minutes before being opened and used; this swells the paper, and per- mits its being more smoothlj^ and securely attached. Destruction of Rats. — The following recipe for the destruction 586 Appendix to Miscellaneous Department of rats has been communicated by Dr. Ure to the council of the Eng- lish Agricultural Society, and is highlj'' recommended as the best known means of gettino^ rid of these most obnoxious and destructive ver- mni. It has been tried by several intelligent persons, and found per- fectly effectual. Melt hog's lard in a bottle plunged in water, heated to about 150 deg. of Fahr. ; introduced into 1^ oz. of phosphorus for every pound of lard; then add a pint of proof spirits, or whisk}'^; cork the bottle firmly after its contents have been heated to 150 deg., taking it at the same time out of the water, and agitate smartly till the phos- phorus becomes uniformly diffused, forming a milky-looking liquid. This liquid, being cooled, will afford a white compound of phosphorus and lard, from which the spirit spontaneously separates, and may be poured oft" to be used again, for none of it enters into the combination, but it merely serves to comminute the ])hosphorus, and diffuse it in very fine particles through the lard. This compound, on being warm- ed very gently, may be poured out into a mixture of wheat flour and sugar, incorporated therewith, and then flavoured with oil of rho- dium, or not, at pleasure. The flavor may be varied with oil of ani- seed, etc. This dough, being made into pellets, is to be laid in rat- holes. By its luminousness in the dark, it attracts their notice, and be- ing agreeable to their palates and noses, it is readily eaten, and proves certainly fatal. Bats* to Destroy. — Mix powdered nux vomica, with oatmeal, crumbs of cheese, and a quantity of lard, for a few nights omit the nux vomica, till they become familiar with the other food. Or, add, instead of nux vomica, powdered phosphorus. Mix with a piece of wood, that the rats may not scent your hands. Place it beyond the reach of other animals. The addition of a little oil of amber attracts the rats. Or, cut cork into very fine bits, and fry them with lard and cheese crumbs. When cold, add oil of amber to entice them. Or, take oil of amber, ox-gall, and powdered phosphorus, in equal parts, add oatmeal suffi- cient to form a paste, which make into little balls, and lay them near the places visited by rats, surround the balls with vessels full of wa- ter. The.smell of the oil attracts the rats; they greedily devour th.e balls, which make them thirstj'^, and they kill themselves with drinking the water. The asphodel is useful in driving away rats and mice, which have such an antipathy to this plant, that if their holes be stopped up with it they will rather die than pass. It is a good thing to put gas-tar in the runs and holes of rats. When once daubed with it they will come no more. Feed them well for a week with fresh oatmeal, ever}'- day; but nev- ertouch it with your hand; put it into a dish pressed down that you may see what they have eaten. Then mix another lot with four drops of oil of aniseed, or oil of rhodium; feed with this two or three da5-s more. Then give the following mixture: — To 4 ozs. of dry oatme.-il scented with 6 drops of oil of aniseed, add 3^ oz. of carbonated bar- ytes, or nux vomica in powder, sifted through muslin. Mix this inti- mately with the scented oatmeal; then la}'^ it upon the slate, or, leave it 24 hours for the rats to eat, Tliis kills them. Keep the mixture from dogs, cats, or other animals, and from children. Razor, to Sharpen. — Tiie simplest method of sharpening a razor is to put it for half an hour in water to which has been added one twentieth of its weight of muriatic or sulphuric acid, and after a few hours, set it on a hone. The acid acts as a whetstone, by corroding the the whole surface uniformly, so that nothing further than a smooth polish is necessary. Appendix to Miscellaneous Department, 587 Razor, to Smooth. — Pass the razor on the inside of your hand, first warmiiio^ it before the tire. Or, use the strap of a soldier's knap- sack, or calf leather, on which some fine black lead has been rubbed and consolidated to a slight surface. Razor Strop, and Paste.— tt may be made of rough calf leather, two or three inches broad, or of the strap of a soldier's knap-sack. Up- on it spread powdered oxalic acid and candle snuffs, with a little tal- low. —Or spread upon it crocus martis and line tallow. — Or, emery ground as fine as possible, mixed with spermaceti or fine t:illow. — Or, glue, 3^ oz.; molasses, )£ oz. ; steep the glue in water to soften it, and then boil both together for a few minutes, and crocus martis. or line emery powder, and then spread on the leather. When you use it ap- ply first a drop or two of sweet oil. Hints Upon Spelling.— The following rules will be found of great assistance in writing, because they relate to a class of words about the spelling of which doubt and hesitation are frequentlj^ felt: All words of one syllable ending in Z, with a single vowel before it, have double I at the close: as, mi% sell. All words of one syllable ending in I, with a double vowel before it, have one I only at the close: as mail sail. "Words of one syllable ending in Z, when compounded, retain but one / each : eiSfuljU, skilful. Words of more than one syllable ending in I have one I only at the close: as, delightful, faithful-, except befall, downfall, recall,' umcell, etc. All derivatives from words ending in I have one I only: as equal- ity, from equal; fulness, from full ; except they end in er orly: as, mill, miller ; full, fully. All participles in m^' from verbs ending in e lose thee final: as, have, having; amuse, amusing; unless they come from verbs endino- in double e, and then they retain both: as, s^ee, seeing; agree, agreeing." All adverbs in ly and nouns in ment retain the e final of the primi- tives: as, brave, bravely ; refine, refinement; except acknowledgment, judg- ment, etc. All derivatives from words ending in er, retain the e before the r: as, refer, reference; except hindrance, from hinder; remembrance, fioiu remember; disastrous from disaster; monstrous from monster; wondrous from wonder; cumbrous from cumber, etc. Compound words, if both end not in ?, retain their primitive parts entire; as, millstone, changeable, raceless; except always, also, deplorable, although, almost, admirable, etc. All one-syllables ending a consonant, with a single vowel before it, double that consonant in derivatives: as, sin, sinner; ship, shipping; big, bigger; glad, gladder, etc. One-syllables ending in a consonant, with a double vowel before it, do not doubt the consonant in derivatives : as, sleep, sleepy; troop, trooper. All words of more than one syllable ending in a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, and accented on the last syllable, double that consonant in derivatives: as, commH, committee; compel, compelled; appal, appalling; distil, distiller. Nouns of one syllable ending in y, preceded by a consonant, change y into ies in the plural; and verbs ending in ?/ preceded by a conso- nant, change y into ies in the third person singular of the present tense, and into ied in the past tense and past participle; as, fly, jUes; lap- ply, hQ applies; we reply, we replied, or have replied. If the y be pre- 588 Appendix to Miscellaneous Depart tnent, ceded by a vowel, this rule is not applicable : as, hey^ ktys; I play^ he plays; we have enjoyed ourselves. Compound words whose primitive end in y change y into i: as, fii h^n/tit/ifiil. ' J.mifi.ln. Iniiph'n.ASS beauty f beautiful; lovely^ loveliness Weights and Measures. BUSHELS. LBS Wheat 60 Peas 60 Rye 59 Oats 32 Barley 47 White Beans 60 Castor Beans 46 Clover-Sied 60 Flax-Seed 56 Shelled Corn 56 Corn in the ear 70 Irish Potatoes 60 BUSHELS. LBS, Sweet Potatoes 60 Timothy Seed 44 Blue Grass Seed 45 Dried Peaches 38 Dried Apples 24 Buckwheat 48 Onions 57 Salt 50 Bran 20 Turnips 55 Corn-Meal 48 Fine Salt 55 Windsor Soap is merely the beat white soap melted, and scent- ed with oil of carraway, and put into moulds. Sig'ns of the Weather — Dew.— If the dew lies plentifullj^ on the grass after a fair day, it is a sign of another fair day. If not, and there IS no wind, rain must follow. A red evening portends fine weather; but if it spread too far upwards from the horizon in tlie evening, and especially in the morning, it foretells wind or rain, or both. When the sky, in rainy weather, is tinged with sea green, the rain will in- crease; if with deep blue, it will be showerj'. Clouds. — Previous to much rain falling, the clouds grow bigger, and increase very fast, especially before thunder. When tlie clouds are formed like fleeces, but dense in the middle and bright towards the edges, with the sky bright, they are signs of a frost, with hail, snow, or rain. If clouds form high in air, in thin white trains like locks of wool, they portend wind, and probably rain. When a general cloudi- ness covers the sky, and small black fragments of clouds fly under- neath, thej^ area sure sign of rain, and probably it will be lasting. Two currents of clouds always portend rain, and, in summer, thunder. Heavenly Bodies. — A haziness in the air, which fades the sun's light, and makes the orb appear whitish, or ill-detined — or at night, if the moon and stars grow dim, and a ring encircles the former, rain will follow. If the sun's rays appear like Moses' horns — if white at setting, or shorn of his rays, or if he goes down into a bank of clouds in the hor- izon, bad weather is to be expected. If the moon looks pale and dim, we expect rain; if red, wind ; and if of her natural colour, with a clear sky, fair weather. If the moon is rainy throughout, it will clear at the change, and, perhaps, the rain return a few days after. If fair throughout, and rain at the change, the fair weather will probably re- turn on the fourth or fifth day. Weather Precautions. — If the weather appears doubtful, always take the precaution of having an umbrella when you go out, particu- larly in going to church ; you thereby avoid incurring one of three dis- agreeables; in the first place, the chance of getting wet — or encroach- ing under a friend's umbrella — or beingunderthe necessity of borrow- ing one, consequently involving the trouble of returning it, and possi- bly (as is the case in nine times out of ten) inconveniencing your friend by neglecting to do so. Dr. Chase's Recipes. 589 Bnles for Admiaisterin^ Medicines, haringr Reference to Ige and Sex.— For an adult (a person of 40 years), the dose of commoa icines is allowed about 1 drachm, 60 Those at 20 years, % 40 13 K 30 7 K 20 4 % " 15 3 \ 10 2 % " 7 to 8 1 h 5 For babes, under 1 year, the dose should go down by months^ at about the same rate as by years for those over a year. Again, for persons in advanced life, say from 60 years, the dose must begin to lessen about 5 grains, and from that on, 5 grains for each additional 10 years. Females, however, need a little less, generally, than males. The above rules hold good in all medicines, except castor oil, the proportion of which cannot be reduced so much, and opium and its various preparations, which must be reduced, generally, in a little greater proportion. Explanation of Medical Abbreriations, Apotliecaries' Weigrlits and Measures* — One pound (lb.) contains 13 ounces. One ounce (oz.) '• 8 drachms. One drachm (dr.) '* 3 scruples. One scruple (scr.) " 20 grains, (gr.) LIQUID MEASURE, One pint contains 10 fluid ozs., (4 gills.) One ounce " 8 " drs., (3^ gill.) One table-spoon " about % a fluid ounce. One tea-spoon " " 1 fluid drachm. Sixty drops make " 1 tea-spoon. Whenever a tea, or table-spoon, is mentioned, it means the same as it would to say spoonful; the same of cup, in fluid measures ; but in dry measures, where a spoon or spoonful is mentioned, the design is that the spoon should be taken up moderately rounding, unless other- wise mentioned. COLORING DEPARTMENT REMARKS. — It may be necessary to remark, and I do so here, once for all, that every article to be dyed, as well as everything to be used about dyeing, should be perfectly clean. In the next place, the article to be dyed should be well scoured in soap, and then the soap rinsed out. It is also an advantage to dip the article you wish to dye into water, just before putting it into the alum or other preparation ; for the neglect of this precaution it is nothing uncommon to have the goods or yarn spotted. Soft water should al- ways be used, if possible, and sufficient to cover the goods hand- Bomely. As soon as an article is dyed it should be aired a little, then well rinsed, and afterwards hung up to dry. When dyeing or scouring silk, or merino dresses, care should be taken not to wring them, for this has a tendency to wrinkle and break the silk. in putting dresses and shawls out to dry, that have been dyed, they should be hung up by the edge so as to dry evenly. Great coutidence may be placed in these coloring recipes, as the author iias had tJiem revised by Mr. Storms, of this city, who has been in the business over thirtv years. COLORS ON WiiOLiEN GOODS.— 1. Chrome Black— Superior to Any in Use. — For 5 lbs. of goods — blue vitriol, 6 ozs. ; boil it a few minutes, then dip the goods % of an hour, airing often; take out the goods, and make a dye with iogwood, 3 lbs.; boil i^ hour; dip % of an hour and air the goods, and dip %_ of an hour more. Wash in strong suds. N". B. — This will not impart any of its color in fulling, nor fade by exposure to the sun. 2. Black on Wool— For Mixtures.— For 10 lbs. of wool— Bi- chromate of potash, 4 ozs.; ground argal, 3 ozs.; boil together and put in the wool; stir well and let it remain in the dye 4 hours. Then take out the wool, rinse it slightly in clear water; then make a new dye into which put logwood, ^% lbs. Boil 1 hour and add chamber-lye, 1 pt., and let the wool lie in all night. Wash in clear water. 3. Steel Mix — Dark. — Black wool — It may be natural or colored, 10 lbs.; white wool, ].% lbs. Mix evenly together, and it will be beau- tiful. 4. Snuif Brown — Dark, for Cloth or Wool. — For 5 lbs. goods — camwood, 1 lb.; boll it 15 minutes, then dip the goods for % of an hour; take out the goods, and add to the dye, fustic, %% ^bs. ; boil 10 minutes, and dip the goods % of an hour; then add blue vitriol, 1 oz.; copperas, 4 ozs. ; dip again % hour ; if not dark enough, add more cop- peras. It is dark and permanent. 5. Wine Color.— For 5 lbs. goods— Camwood, 2 lbs. ; boil 15 min- utes, and dip the goods ^ hour; boil again and dip % hour; then Coloring Department. 591 darken with blue vitriol, IJ^ozs.; if not dark enough, add copperas, Koz. 6. Madder Red. — To each lb. of goods — Alum, 5 ozs. ; red, or crcam-of -tartar, 1 oz. ; put in the goods and bring your kettle to a boil for % liour ; then air them and boil 3^ hour longer ; then empty your kettle and fill with clean water; put in bran, 1 peck; make it milk- warm and let it stand until the bran rises, then skim off the bran and put in madder, ^^ lb. ; put in your goods and heat slowly until it boils and is done. Wasli in strong suds. 7. Green— On Wool or Silk, with Oak Bark.— Make a strong yellow dye of yellow oak and hickory bark, in equal quantities. Add the extract of indigo or chemic (which see), 1 table-spoon at a time, until you get the shade of color desired. Or: 8. Green— With Fustic— For each lb. of goods— Fustic, 1 lb.; with alum, Vy^ ozs. Steep until the strength is out, and soak the goods therein until a good yellow is obtained; then remove the chips, and add extract of indigo or chemic, 1 table-spoon at a time, until the color suits. 9. Blue— Quick Process.— For 2 lbs. of goods— Alum, 5 ozs. ; cream-of-tartar, 6 ozs. ; boil the goods in this for one hour; then throw the goods into warm water, which has more or less of the extract of indigo in it, according to the depth of color desired, and boil again until it suits, adding more of the blue if needed. It is quick and per- manent. 10. Stocking Yarn or Wool, to Color— Between a Blue and a Purple. — For 5 lbs. of wool — Bi-chromate of potash, 1 oz. ; alum, 2 ozs. ; dissolve them and bring the water to a boil, putting in the wool and boiling 1 hour; then throw away the dye and make another dye with logwood chips, 1 lb., or extract of logwood, 23^ ozs., and boil one hour. This also works very prettily on silk. N. B.— Whenever you make a clye with logwood chips, either boil the chips % li^^ur and pour off the dye, or tie up the chips in a bag and boil with the wool or other goods; or take Vy^ ozs. of the extract in place of lib. of the chips, is less trouble and generally the better plan. In the above recipe, the more logwood that is used, the darker will be the shade. 11. Scarlet, with Cochineal— For Yarn or Cloth.— For 1 lb. of goods — Cream-of-tartar, }4. oz-; cochineal, well pulverized, 3^ oz. ; mu- riate of tin. 1% ozs. ; then boil up the dye and enter the goods; work them briskly for 10 or 15 minutes, after which boil \% hours, stirring the goods slowly while boiling; wash in clear water and dry in the shade. 12. Pink.— For 3 lbs. of goods — Alum, 3 ozs. ; boil and dip the goods 1 hour; then add to the dye cream-of-tartar, 4 ozs ; cochineal, well pulverized, 1 oz.; boil well and dip the goods while boiling, until the color suits. 13. Orange. — For 5 lbs. goods — Muriate of tin, 6 table-spoons; argal, 4 ozs. ; boil and dip 1 hour; then add to the dye fustic, 2^^ Ihs. ; boil 10 minutes, and dip % hour, and add again to the dye, madder, 1 tea-cup; dip again 3^ hour. N. B.— Cochineal in place of madder makes a much brighter color, which should be added in small quantities until pleased. About 2 ozs. 14. Lac Red.— For 5 lbs. goods— Argal, 10 ozs. ; boil a few min- utes: then mix fine ground lac, 1 lb., with muriate of tin, 13.^ lbs., and let them stjind 2 or 3 hours ; then add half of the lac to the argal 59 2 ^^' Chase' s Recipes, dye, and dip 3^ hour ; then add the balance of the lac and dip again 1 hour; keep the dye at a boiling heat, until the last half-hour, when the dye may be cooled off. 15. Purple.— For 5 lbs. goods — Cream-of-tartar, 4 ozs. ; alum, 6 ozs. ; cochineal, well pulverized, 2 ozs. ; muriate of tin, 3^ tea-cup. Boil the cream-of-tartar, alum, and tin, 15 minutes; then put in the cochineal and boil 5 minutes ; dip the goods 2 hours ; then make a new dye with alum, 4 ozs. ; Brazil wood, 6 ozs. ; logwood, 14 ozs. ; muriate of tin, 1 tea-cup, with a little chemic; work again until pleased.- 16. Silver Drab— Light.— For 5 lbs. goods — Alum, 1 small tea- spoon, and logwood about the same amount; boil well together, then dip the goods 1 hour; if not dark enough, add in equal quantities alum and logwood, until suited. 17. Slate, on Woolen or Cotton— With Beech Bark.— Boil the bark in an iron kettle, skim out the chips after it has boiled sufficiently, and then add copperas to set the dye. If you wish it very dark, add more copperas. This is excellent for stockings. ] §. Extract of Indigo or Chemic— To Make. — For good chemic or extract of indigo, take oil of vitriol, 3^ lb., and stir into it indigo, finely eround, 2 ozs., continuing the stirring at first for % hour; now cover over, and stir 3 or 4 times daily for two or three days ; then put in a crumb of saleratus and stir it up, and if it foams, put in more and stir, and add as long as it foams; the saleratus neutralizes any excess of acid ; then put into a glass vessel and cork up tight. It improves by standing. Druggists keep this prepared. 19. Wool — To Cleanse. — Make a liquid of water, 3 parts, and urine, 1 part; heat it as hot as you can bear the hand in it; then put in the wool, a little at a time, so as not to have it crowd ; let it remain in for 15 minutes; take it out over a basket to drain; then rinse in running water, and spread it out to dry ; thus proceed in the same liquor; when it gets reduced fill it up in the same proportions, keeping it at hand heat, all the time not using any soap. 20. Bark Colors — To Extract and Insert Light.— This recipe is calculated for carpet rags. In tiie first place let the rags be washed clean — the black or brown rags can be colored red or purple, at the option of the dyer; to do this, take for every 5 lbs. black or brown rags muriate of tin, ^4 lb.; and the lac, % lb.; mixed with the same, as for the lac red ; dip the goods in this dye 3 hours, boiling 3^ of the time; if not red enough, add more tin and lac. The goods can then be made a purple by r.dding a little logwood ; be careful and not get in but a very small handful, as more can be added if not enough. White rags make a beautiful appearance in a carpet, by tying them in the skein and coloring them red, green, or purple ; gray rags will take a very good green — the coloring will be in proportion to the darkness of mix. DURABLE COLORS ON COTTON.— 1. Black.— For 5 lbs. goods — Sumac, wood and bark together, 3 lbs. ; boil 3^ hour, and let the goods steep 12 hours; then dip in lime water 1^ hour; then take out the goods and let them drip an hour; now add to the sumac liquor, copperas, 8 ozs., and dip another hour; then run them through the tub of lime water again for 15 minutes; now make a new dye with log- wood, 23^^ lbs., by boiling 1 hour, and dip again 3 hours; now add bi- chromate of potash, 2 ozs., to the logwood dye, and dip 1 hour. Wash in clear cold water and dry in the shade. You may say this is doing too much. You cannot get a permanent black on cotton with less labor. Coloring Department. 593 2. Sky Blue.— For 3 lbs. goods— Blue vitriol, 4 ozs. ; boil a few minutes ; then dip the goods 3 hours, after which pass them through strong lime water. You can make this color a beautiful brown by put- ting the goods through a solution of prussiate of potash. 3. Lime Water, and Strong Lime Water— For Coloriugr.— Lime water is made by putting stone lime, 1 lb., and strong lime water, \% lbs., into a pail of water, slacking, stirring and letting it stand until it becomes clear, then turn into a tub of water, in wliich dip the goods. 4. Blue, on Cotton or Linen— With Logwood.— In all cases, if new, they should be boiled in a strong soap-suds or weak lye, and rinsed clean ; then for cotton 5 lbs. or linen 3 lbs., take bi-chromate of potash, % lb. ; put in the goods and dip 3 hours, then take out and rinse ; make a dye with logwood, 4 lbs.; dip in this 1 hour, and let stand in the dye 3 or 4 hours, or till the dye is almost cold ; wash out and dry. 5. Bine on Cotton— Without Logwood.— For 5 lbs. of rags- Copperas, 4 ozs.; boil and dip 15 minutes; then dip in strong suds, and back to the dye 2 or 3 times ; then make a dye with prussiate of potash, 1 oz. ; oil of vitriol, 6 table-spoons; boil 30 minutes and rinse ; then dry. 6. Green. — If the cotton is new, boil in weak lye or strong suds; then wash and dry; give the cotton a dip in the home-made blue dye- tub until blue enough is obtained to make the green as dark as required, take out, dry, and rinse the goods a little; then make a dye with fus- tic, %^ lb.; logwood, 3 ozs., to each lb. of goods, by boiling the dye one hour; when cooled so as to bear the hand, put in the cotton, move briskly a few minutes, and let lie 1 hour ; take out and let it thoroughly drain ; dissolve and add to the dye, for each lb. of cotton, blue vitriol, "% oz., and dip another hour ; wring out and let dry in the shade. By adding or diminishing the logwood and fustic, any shade of green may be obtained. 7. Yellow. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Sugar of lead, 7 ozs. ; dip the goods 2 hours; make a new dye with bi-chromate of potash, 4 ozs.; dip until the color suits, wring out and dry. If not yellow enough, repeat the operation. §. Orange. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Sugar of lead, 4 ozs., boil a few minutes, and when a little cool put in the goods; dip 2 hours, wring out; make a new dye with bi-chromate of potash, 8 ozs.; madder, 2 ozs. ; dip until it suits; if the color should be too red, take off a small sample and dip it into lime water, when the choice can be taken of the sample dipped in the lime or the original color. 9. Red. — Take muriate of tin, % of a tea-cup; add sufficient wa- ter to cover the goods well, bring it to a boiling heat, putting in the goods 1 hour, stirring often ; take out the goods and empty the kettle and put in clean water, with nic-wood, 1 lb., steeping it for 3^ hour, at hand heat ; then put in the goods and increase the heat for 1 hour, not bringing to a boil at all; air the goods and dip an hour as before; wash without soap. 10. Muriate of Tin— Tin Liquor.— If druggists keep it, it is best to purchase of them already made; but if you prefer, proceed as fol- lows : Get, at a tinner's shop, block tin ; put it in a shovel and melt it. After it is melted, pour it from the height of 4 or 5 feet into a pail of clear water. The object of this is to have the tin in small particles, so that the acid can dissolve it. Take it out of the water and dry it; then put it into a strong glass bottle; pour over it muriatic acid, 12 ozs.; then slowly add sulphuric acid, 8 ozs. The acid should be added about 594 ^^' Chase' s Recipes. a table spoon at a time, at intervals of 5 or 8 minutes, for if you add it too rapidly you run the risk of breaking the bottle by lieat. After you have all the acid in, let the bottle stand until the ebullition subsides; then stop it up with a bees-wax or glass stopper, and set it away, and it will keep good for a year or more, or will be fit tor use in twenty- four hours. COLOltS ON SILK GOODS.— Green— Very Handsome with Oak Bark. — For 1 lb. of silk — Yellow oak bark, 8 ozs.; boil it % hour; turn otFthe liquor from the bark and add alum, 6 ozs. ; let stand until cold; while this dye is being made, color the goods in the blue dye-tub, a light blue ; dry and wash ; then dip in the alum and bark dye; if it does not take well, warm the dye a little. 2. Green or Yellow— On Silk or Wool, in Five to Fifteen Min- utes. — For 5 lbs. of goods — Black oak bark or peach leaves, 3^ peck; boil well; then take out the bark or leaves, and add muriate of tin, 3^ tea-cup, stirring well ; then put in the goods and stir them round, and it will dye a deep yellow in from 5 to 15 minutes, according to the strength of the bark; take out the goods, rinse and dry immediately. N. B. — For a green, add to the above, extract of indigo or chemic, 1 table-spoon only, at a time, and work the goods 5 minutes, and air; if not sufficiently dark, use the same amount of chemic as before, and work again until it suits. 3. Mulberry. — For 1 lb. of silk — Alum, 4 ozs. ; dip 1 hour; wash out, and make a dye with Brazil wood, 1 oz., and logwood, \^ oz., by boiling together; dip in this 1^ hour, then add more Brazil wood and logwood, in equal proportions, until the color is dark enough. 4. Black, — Make a weak dye as you would for black on woolens, work the goods in bi-chromate of potash, at a little below boiling heat, then dip in the logwood in the same way; if colored in the blue vitriol dye, use about the same heat. 5. Spots— To Remove and Prevent when Coloring Black on Silk or Woolen. — N. B. In dying silk or woolen goods, if they should become rusty or spotted, all that is necessary is to make a weak lye, and have it scalding hot, and put your goods in for 15 minutes, or throw some ashes into your dye, and run your goods in it 5 minutes, and they will come out a jet black, and an even color, I will warrant it. — Storms. The reason that spots of brown, or rust, as it is generally called, appear on black cloths, is that these parts take the color faster than the other parts; but I have no doubt Mr. Stoi-ms' plan will remove them, for he regretted much to make public the information, which he says is not generally known. And if the precaution, given in our leading remarks on coloring, are heeded, there will be but verj' little danger of spotting at all. 6. Light Chemic Blue. — For cold water, 1 gal., dissolve alum, % table-spoon, in hot water, 1 tea-cup, and add to it ; then add chemic, 1 tea-spoon at a time, to obtain the desired color — the more chemic that is used, the darker will be the color. 7. Purple.— For 1 lb. of silk — having first obtained a light blue by dipping in the home-made blue dye-tub, and dried, dip in alum 4 ozs,, to sufficient water to cover, when a little warm; if the color is not full enough add a little chemic. §. Yellow. — For 1 lb. of silk — alum, 3 ozs. ; sugar of lead % oz ; immerse the goods in the solution over night ; take out, drain, and make a new dye with fustic, 1 lb. ; dip until the required color is ob- tained. Coloring Department. 595 N. B. — The yellow or green, for wool, works equally well on silk. 9. Orange, — Take anotta and soda, and add in equal quantities, according to the amount of goods and darkness of the color wanted : Say 1 oz. of each, to each pound of silk, and repeat as desired. 10. Crimson. — For 1 lb. of silk — alum, 3 ozs. ; dip at hand-heat 1 hour ; take out and drain, while making a new dye, by boiling 10 minutes, cochineal, 3 ozs.; bruised nutgalls, 3 ozs. ; and cream of tartar, ^ oz., in one pail of water, when a little cool, begin to dip, raising the heat to a boil, continuing to dip 1 hour ; wash and dry. 11. Cinnamon or Brown, on Cotton or Silk. — By a New Process — ^Very Beantiful. — Give the goods as much color, from a solution of blue vitriol, 2 ozs., to water, 1 gallon, as it will take up in dipping 15 minutes; then run it through lime-water; this will make a beautiful sky-blue, of much durability ; it has now to be run through a solution of prussiate of potash, 1 oz., to water, 1 gal. APPENDIX TO COLORING DEPARTMENT. BY THE PUBLISHER. Dyeing:.— The filaments from which stuffs of all kinds are fabri- cated are derived either from the animal or vegetable kingdom. We recognize the former by the property they possess of liberating am- monia on being tested with potash; while the latter afford a liquor having an acid reaction under the same treatment. The animal king- dom furnishes tliree varieties — silk, wool, and the furs, etc., of vai-ious animals; tlie vegetable kingdom also three — flax, hemp and cotton; all of which require certain preliminary preparations to render them fit for tlie dyer, which do not come within our province, our space only admitting of a rapid glaace at the production of the various colors. General Observations. — The various shades produced by coloring matters maj'' be classed in one or other of the following groups: 1. Blues; 2. Reds; 3. Yellows — Simple. 4. Violets; 5. Orange colors; 6. Greens — Binary. 7. Compound colors; 8. Black — Ternary. Some colors adhere at once to the stuft", and are called substantial colors ; while others require that the material to be dyed should under- go some previous preparation in order to render it permanent. The substances used to fix the coloring matters are called mordants^ ^\\\q\\ should possess four qualifications : — 1. They should possess an equal affinity for the fibre of the material and the coloring matter. 2. They should be incapable of injuring or destroying either by prolonged action. 3. They should form, with the color, a compound capable of resisting the action of air and water. 4. They should be capable of readily conforming to the various operations of the dyer. The Mordants, — For the reasons just given, the acetate or tartrate of iron is preferable to the sulphate ; and the acetate or tartrate of alinniua to alum. For reds, yellows^ green, and pinks, aluminous mor- dants are to be used. For blacks, browns, puces, and violets, the acetate or tartrate of iron must be employed. For scarlets^ use a tin mordant, made by dissolving in strong nitric acid one-eighth of its weight of sal- ammoniac, then adding by degrees one-eighth of its weight of tin, and diluting the solution with one-fourth of its weight of water. Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — jBZwe.— Wash well to remove dress- ing, and dry; then dip in a strong solution of snlphate of indigo — partly saturated witli potash — and hang up. Dry a piece to see if the color is deep enough ; if not, dip again. Saxon Blue. — Boil the article in alum, and then dip in a strong solution of chemical blue. Calico, Linen, and Muslin.— -Sw#.— Boil an ounce of anatto in 3 quarts of water, add 2 ounces of potash, stir well, and put in the calico while boiling, and stir well for five minutes; remove and plunge into cold pump water, hang up the articles without wringing, and when almost dry, fold. Appendix to Coloring Department. 591^ Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — Green. — Boil the article in an alum mordant, and then in a solution of indigo mixed with any of the yellow dyes, until the proper color is obtained. Calico, Linen, and Muslin. — Yellow, — 1. Cut potato tops when in flower, and express the juice; steep articles in this for forty -eight hours. 2. Dip in a strong solution of weld after boiling in an aluminous mor- dant. Turmeric, fustic, anatto, etc., will answer the same as weld. Cloth. — Black. — Impregnate the material with acetate of iron mor- dant, and then boil in a decoction of madder and logwood. Cloth. — Madder Red. — Boil the cloth in a weak solution of pearl- ash — an ounce to a gallon of water, — wash, dry, and then steep in a de- coction of bruised nutgalls. After drying, it is to be steeped twice in dry alum water, then dried, and boiled in a decoction made of three- quarters of a pound of madder to every pound of the article. It should then be taken out and dried, and steeped in a second bath in the same manner. When dyed, the articles should be washed in warm soap and water, to remove a dun-colored matter given out hy the madder. Blaclc for Worsted or Woolen. — Water, 3 gals. ; bichromate of potass, ^oz. Boil the goods in this 40 minutes; then w:;sh in cold water. Then take 3 gals, of water, add 9 ozs. of logwood, 3 o. s. of fustic, and one or two drops, of D. O. V. or Double Oil of Vitriol; boil the goods 40 minutes, and wash out in cold water. This will dye from 1 to 2 lbs. of cloth, or a lady's dress, if of a dark color, as brown, claret, etc. All colored dresses with cotton warps should be previously steeped one hour in sumach liquor; and then saddened in 3 gals, of clean water, with one cupful of nitrate of iron for 30 minutes, then it must be well washed and dyed as first stated. Black for Silk. — Dye the same as Black for Worsted ; but pre- viously steep the silk in the following liquor: Scald 4 ozs. of logwood, and 3^ oz. of turmeric in a pint of boiling water. Then add 7 pints of cold water. Steep 30 or 40 minutes ; take out, and add 1 oz. of sulphate of iron, (or copperas) dissolved in hot water ; steep the silk 30 minutes longer. Brown for Worsted or Wool. — Water, 3 gals. ; bichromate of potass, ^ oz. Boil the goods in this 40 minutes; wash out in cold water. Then take water, 3 gals. ; peachwood, b ozs. ; turmeric, 2 ozs. Boil the goods in this 40 minutes. Wash out. Imperial Blue for Silk, Wool, and Worsted. — Water, 1 gal. ; sul- phuric acid, a wine glass; Imperial Blue, I table-spoon, or more, ac- cording to the shade required. Put in the silk, worsted, or wool, and boil 10 minutes. Wash in a weak solution of soap lather. Sky Blue, for Worsted and Woolen.— Water, 1 gal. ; sulphuric acid, a wine glass ; glauber salts, or crystals, 2 table-spoons ; liquid ex- tract of indigo, a tea-spoon ; boil the goods about 15 minutes. Rinse in cold water. Claret for Wool or Worsted. — A short way of Dyeing the same. — Water, 3 gals. ; cudbear, 12 ozs. ; logwood, 4 ozs. ; old fustic, 4 ozs. ; alum, 3^oz. Boll the goods in it 1 hour. Wash. This will dye from 1 to 2 lbs. of material. Crimson for Worsted or Wool.— Water, 3 gals. ; paste Cochineal, 1 oz. ; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; nitrate of tin, a wine olass. Boil your goods in this 1 hour. Wash out in cold water. Then in another vessel with 3 gals, of warm water, a cup of ammonia, the whole well mixed. Put in the goods, and work well 15 minutes. For a bluer shade, add more ammonia. Then wash out. 598 Appendix to Coloring Department Fawn Drab for Silk.— Hot water, 1 gal.; anotta liquor, a wine glass; 2 ozs. each of sumach and fustic. Add copperas liquor, accord- ing to the required shude. Wash out. It is best to have the copperas liquor in another vessel. A Dark Drab may be obtained by using a little archil, and extract pfindij^o. Flesh Color, for Dyeing Silk.— Boilino^ water, 1 gal. ; put in 1 oz. of white soap, and 1 oz. of pearlash. Mix well ; then add a cup of An- notta liquor. Put the silk through several times, and proportion the liquor till you obtain the right shade. A Salmon Color may be obtained by first passing through the above liquor, and then through diluted muriate of tin. Magenta for Silk, Wool, or Worsted. — Water, 1 gal., heated up to 180 degrees ; add Magenta Liquor, 1 table-spoon ; stir it well up. This will dye a broad ribbon 4 yards long; or a pair of small stockings ; To dye a large quantity of material, add more Magenta Liquor and water. The shade of color may be easily regulated by using more or less, '^^•vi:enta Pink may be obtained by increased solution. Mauve for Silk, Wool or Worsted.— Water, 1 gal.; add 1 table- spoon of sulphuric acid ; then heat to boiling point. For a very light Mauve, add 1 tea-spoon of Imperial Violet Liquor ; boil the same amount of material, as stated under Magenta, about 10 minutes. Rinse in cold water. If the color be too deep, use a little soap in rinsing, using warm water. A Violet Color may be produced by using a table-spoon of Violet Liquor instead of a tea-spoon. Pea-Green for Silk. — To one quart of water, put half a tea-spoon of Picric Acid, and rather more than half a wine glass of sulphuric acid, and a tea-spoon of paste extract of indigo ; boilabout five minutes ; then add water to cool it down to blood heat, or 100 degrees. Put in the silk and work it about twenty minutes. The shade may be varied by adding more or less of the Picric Acid, or extract of indigo ; if more of either be added, boil separately in a little water, and add to the previous liquor. Pea-Green for Worsted. — Use the same materials as the aforesaid; but boil all the time in 1 gal. of water for about 20 or 30 minutes. A Darker Green may be obtained by using a larger quantity of material. Plum Color for Worsted, Silk, or Cotton.— Water, Igal.; sul- phuric acid, a tea-spoon ; glauber salts, or common Dyer's crystals, 2 table-spoons ; violet liquoi", a table-spoon ; magenta liquor, 1^ a table- spoon. Boil the article (silk, wool, or worsted,) about 10 minutes. Cotton should be dyed the above colors separately, and by first running them through vveak Gall Liquor, and weak double muriate of tin. Then wash well, and work in the aforesaid liquor, according to color and shade. The liquor should be cold for Cotton. Scarlet on Worsted or Wool. — Water, 3 gals. ; dry cochineal, 2 ozs.; cream-of-tartar, 1 oz. ; nitrate of tin, a wine glass; boil the goods 1 hour. To give the goods a yellower hue, add a little young fustic. Wash out as before. Yellow for Dyeing Silk. — Proceed the same as in dyeing Pea- Green, omitting the extract of indigo, and using oxalic tin instead of sulphuric acid. To Prepare Annotta. — Into 2 gals, of water put 1 lb. of Annota, 4 ozs. of pearlash. and 2 ozs. of soft soap, and apply heat, stirring until the whole is dissolved; when convenient it is best to boil the solution. ' Appendix to Coloring Department. 599 To Prepare Catechu.— To 7 or 8 gals, of water put 1 lb. of cate- chu, and boil till it is all dissolved; then add 2 ozs. of sulphate of cop- per. Stir, and it is ready for use. Recipe for Dyeing* Cotton.— In the following recipes the quanti- ties are given for 10 lbs. of cotton, whether yarn or cloth: ^ Common Black. — Steep the goods in a decoction of 3 lbs. of sumach while it is hot and let them lie over night, wring out and work them for 10 minutes through lime water, then worlv for half an hour through a solution of 2 lbs. of copperas, they may be either washed from this or worked again through lime water for 10 minutes; then work them half an hour through a warm decoction of 3 lbs. of logwood, adding % pint chamber lye; before entering the goods lift and raise with 2 ozs. of copperas in solution. Work 10 minutes, then wash and dry. Jet Black. — The goods are dyed in the same manner as in the last recipe, but along with the logwood is added 1 lb. fustic. Catechu Brown. — Work the goods at a boiling heat for 2 hours in 2 lbs. of catecliu, prepared as above ; wring out and then work for half an hour in a hot solution of 6 ozs of bichromate of Po- tassa; wash from this in hot water; if a little soap is added to the wash water the color is improved. Deeper shades of brown may be dyed by repeating the operation. Catechu Fawn. — Work the goods 15 minutes in hot water contain- ing 2 pints of catechu, prepared as above ; wring out and work 15 minutes in hot water containing 1 oz. of bichromate of Po- tassa in solution ; wash and dry. Common Red.— Make a decoction of 3 lbs. of sumach, and put the goods in at once; let them steep over night; wring out and work for an hour in a mixture of 1 gill red spirits (tin spirits) to every gallon of water; wring out and wash well; then work half an hour in a decoc- tion of 3 lbs. of limawood, and 1 lb. fustic, using this decoction as hot as the hand can bear it ; lift and add 1 gill red spirits ; then work 15 minutes more; wash and dry. Scarlet.— For 1 lb. of goods, boil 1^ ozs. of cream-of-tartar in water in a block tin vessel ; add \% ozs. of tin spirits ; boil for 3 min- utes, then boil the goods in it for 2 hours, drain and let the goods cool ; next boil J^ oz. of cream-of-tartar in some water for a few minutes ; add to it % oz. of powdered cochineal, boil for 5 minutes, adding grad- ually 1 oz. tin spirits, stirring well all the time ; then put in the goods and dye immediately. Light Straw. — To a tub of cold water add 4 ozs. of acetate of lead in solution ; work the goods in this for 15 minutes, and wring out ; then work for 10 minutes in another tub of water, containing 2 ozs. of bichromate of Potassa ; wring out and work again in the lead solution 10 minutes; wash and dry. Annotta Orange. — Heat the annotta solution (see page 598) to about 140 degrees Fahr., work the goods in it about 20 minutes ; wring out thorouglily, to economize the liquor; wash in two waters and dry. Catechu Stone Drab. — Work the goods 15 minutes in hot water, containing 2 pints prepared catechu (see above) lift and add 2 ozs of copperas in solution ; work for 15 minutes and Avash in water; then work 10 minutes in a tub of warm water containing a decoction of 2 ozs. of logwood; lift and add 3^ oz. of alum; work 10 minutes more; wring out and dry. Deep Yellow. — To a tub of cold water add 1 lb. of acetate of lead and 1 lb. of nitrate of lead in solution; work the goods in this for 30 minutes and wring out ; then to a tub of warm water add 12 ozs. of 6oo Appendix to Coloring Department bichromate of Potassa, and work the goods in it 15 minutes; expose to the air half an hour; then pass a^ain through both solutions, work- ing them the same time in each as before, and expose to the air for 1 hour; then pass them through the lead solution; wring out, wash and dry; if the color is not deep enough they may be passed through the solutions again as before. For Woolen Goods, 10 lbs.— Black.— Work 20 minutes in a bath with 8 ozs. camwood; lift and add 8 ozs. copperas; work 20 minutes more, then withdraw the fire from the boiler, and submerge the goods in the liquor over night; then wash out; work 1 hour in another, both containing a decoction of 5 lbs. of logwood and 1 pint chamber lye; lift and add 4 ozs. of copperas; work 30 minutes longer; wash and dry. Red. — Work for 30 minutes in a bath made ap writh 1 oz. chrome and 1 oz. alum; wash in cold water; then work 30 minutes in another bath with 3 lbs. of peach wood or limawood; lift and add 1 oz. of alum; work 20 minutes; wash and dry. To Make up a Blue Vat. — Take 1 lb. of indigo and grind in water until no grittiness can be felt between the fingers; put this into a deep vessel, (casks are generally used), with about 12 gals, of water; then add 2 lbs. of copperas and 3 lbs. newly slacked lime, and stir 15 min- utes; stir every 2 hours for 5 or 6 times; toward the end the liquor should be of a greenish yellow color, with blackish veins through it and a rich froth of indigo oa the surface j after standing 8 hours to settle the vat is fit to use. INTEREST DEPARTMENT liECrAIi RATES,— Six percent, is the legal rate In the States ot Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rliode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and New Jer- sey, except in Hudson and Essex Counties, and the City of Patterson, where seven per 2ent is allowed when either of the parties reside therein. Sevex per cent is the legal rate in Michigan, New York, Minnesota, Wis- consin, South Carolina, and Georgia. Tkn per cent, is the legal rate in California, eight per cent, in Alabama and Texas, and^ve per cent, in Louisana. Ten per cent, may be contracted for in Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Arkansas. TwELVEper cent, may be contracted for In Texas and Wisconsin, eight per cent, in Florida, and any amount agreed upon can be collected in Calitor- nia and Minnesota. Only legal rates can be collected in Illinois, Texas, Maryland, Rhode Island, Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Illegal interest can be collected back in Iowa, Indiana, Maine, Vernaont, and Connecticut. Usurious contracts are void in Arkansas, New York, and New Jersey. If illegal interest is taken in New Hampshire and Wisconsin, three times legal rate is forfeited. In South Carolina, Florida, and Alabama, interest only is forfeited. Usurious excesses are void in Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio. Virginia and North Carolina void the contract and double the debt, half to the informer and half to the State. In Connecticut usurious contracts, if collected, can be recovered back, one-half to the State and the balance to the informer. Delaware allows usurious contracts to be collected, half to the State and half to the prosecutor. If more than lawful rates are obtained in Missouri, ten per cent, is for- feited to the common school fund. Legal interest is what can be collected where no rate is specified ; lawful is what may be contracted for; and usurious is more than lawful. EXPIiANATION OF INTEREST TARIiES.— To obtain the inter- est on $1109.00, for 1 year 4 months and 27 daj's, at 6 per cent. : ■ Turn to the table and you will find the time in the left hand column, and amounts at the heads of other columns; the sum sought is found at the mef-t- ing of the lines to the right of the time, and dou^n from the amount, as lollows : Interest on $1000, I year, at 6 per cent $60 00 " 100, " " 600 " '• 9 " " 54 " " lOOo' 4 months, " \\\\'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.\'.'.'. 2()'w " " 100, '■'■ " 2 00 *' " 9 " " 18 •• 1000l27days, " V.V.V.'.'.'^.'.^.'.'V. 460 •• " 100, " " 45 " ♦' 9, " " 04 Whole sum sought $93 71 Proceed in the same way for other amounts, or time, or rate per cent. For more than 1 year multiply the interest of one year by the number of jears ; if for $-20, S30, etc., multiply the interest oti $10 by 2, 3, etc., and so on for hun- dreds and thousands. To find interest at 5 per cent., take one-half of 10 per cent, rate; for 12 per cent, multiply 6 per cent, rate by 2, and so on for other rates. 26 6o2 Dr, Chase's Recipes, INTEREST TABLE.— Six Per Cent. TIME. $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day. 2 17 2 t( 3 33 3 (' 5 50 4 u 7 67 5 (( 8 83 6 <( 10 1 00 7 (( 12 1 17 8 i( 13 1 33 9 i( 2 15 1 50 10 »( 2 2 17 1 67 11 1( • ■^ 2 2 18 1 83 12 (( 2 2 2 20 2 00 13 1( 2 2 2 2 22 2 17 14 i.(, ^ 2 2 2 2 23 2 33 15 (( 2 2 2 2 3 25 2 50 16 u 2 2 2 2 3 27 2 67 17 (( 2 2 2 3 3 28 2 83 18 (( 2 2 2 2 3 3 30 3 00 19 u 2 2 2 3 3 3 32 3 17 20 (( 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 33 21 w 2 2 2 3 3 4 35 3 50 22 (( 2 2 3 3 3 4 37 3 67 23 u 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 38 3 83 24 « 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 40 4 00 25 (( 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 42 4 17 26 (; ^ 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 33 27 u 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 45 4 50 28 (( 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 47 4 67 29 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 48 4 83 1 M'nth 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 50 5 00 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 00 10 00 3 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14 15 1 50 15 00 4 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 00 20 00 5 3 5 8 10 13 15 18 20 23 25 2 50 25 00 6 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 3 00 30 00 7 4 7 11 14 18 21 25 28 32 35 3 50 35 00 8 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 4 00 40 00 9 5 9 14 18 23 27 32 36 41 45 4 50 45 00 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 00 50 00 11 6 11 17 22 28 33 39 44 50 55 5 50 55 00 1 Year. 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 6 00 60 00 Interest Department* 603 INTEREST TABLE.— Seven Per Cent. TIME. $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day. 2 19 2 *' 4 39 3 " 6 58 4 *' 8 78 5 " 10 97 6 " 12 1 17 7 " 14 1 36 8 " 2 16 1 56 9 '' 2 2 IS 1 75 10 " 2 2 2 19 1 94 11 " 2 2 2 21 2 14 12 " 2 2 2 2 23 2 33 13 '* X 2 2 2 2 3 25 2 53 14 " ^ 2 2 2 2 3 27 2 72 15 " 2 2 2 3 3 29 2 92 16 " 2 2 2 2 3 3 31 3 11 17 '' 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 31 18 '' 2 2 2 3 3 4 35 3 50 19 " 2 2 3 3 3 4 37 3 69 20 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 39 3 89 21 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 41 4 08 22 " 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 28 23 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 45 4 47 24 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 47 4 67 25 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 49 4 86 26 *' 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 51 5 06 27 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 25 28 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 54 5 44 29 " 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 56 5 64 1 Month 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 58 5 83 2 " 2 4 5 6 7 8 & 11 12 1 17 11 67 3 " 2 4 5 7 9 11 12 14 16 18 1 75 17 50 4 " 2 5 7 9 12 14 16 19 21 23 2 33 23 33 5 " 3 6 9 12 15 18 20 23 26 29 2 92 29 17 6 " 4 7 11 14 18 21 25 28 32 35 3 50 35 00 7 " 4 8 12 16 20 25 29 33 37 41 4 08 40 83 8 " 5 9 14 17 23 28 33 37 42 47 4 67 46 67 9 " 5 11 16 21 26 32 37 42 47 53 5 25 52 50 10 " 6 12 18 23 29 35 41 47 53 58 5 83 58 33 11 " 6 13 19 26 32 39 45 51 58 64 6 42 64 17 1 Year. 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 7 00 70 00 6o4 Dn Chasers Recipes, INTEREST TABLE.— Eight Per Cent. TIME. $1 |2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day. 2 22 2 " 4 44 3 " 1 7 67 4 '' 1 9 89 5 " 1 11 1 11 6 " 1 1 13 1 33 7 " 2 16 1 56 8 '' 2 2 18 1 78 9 " 2 2 2 20 2 00 10 " 2 2 2 2 22 3 22 11 " 2 2 2 2 24 2 44 12 " 2 2 2 2 3 27 2 67 13 " 2 2 2 3 3 29 2 89 14 ♦' 2 2 2 2 3 3 31 3 11 15 " 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 33 16 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 36 3 56 17 " 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 38 3 78 18 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 40 4 00 19 " 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 42 4 22 20 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 44 4 44 21 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 47 4 67 22 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 49 4 89 23 ♦' 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 51 5 11 24 " 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 33 25 ** 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 56 5 56 26 " 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 58 5 78 27 " 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 60 6 00 28 " 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 62 6 22 29 " 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 64 6 44 1 M'nth 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 67 6 67 2 •* 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12 13 1 33 13 33 3 " 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 00 20 00 4 *' 3 5 8 11 13 16 19 21 24 27 2 67 26 67 5 " 3 7 10 13 17 20 23 27 30 33 3 33 33 33 6 '* 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 4 00 40 00 7 '' 5 9 14 19 23 28 33 37 42 47 4 67 46 67 8 " 5 11 16 21 27 32 37 43 48 53 5 33 53 33 9 *' G 12 18 24 30 36 43 48 54 60 6 00 60 00 10 " 7 13 20 27 33 40 47 53 60 67 6 67 66 67 11 " 7 15 22 29 37 44 51 59 66 73 7 33 73 33 1 Year. 8 ]6 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 8 00 80 00 Interest Department. 60s INTEREST TABLE,— Nine Per Cent. TIME. $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $100 $1,000 1 Day. 3 25 2 (( 1 5 50 3 a 1 1 8 75 4 a 1 1 10 1 0!) 5 i. 1 1 13 1 25 6 u 1 2 15 1 50 7 a 2 2 18 1 75 8 li 2 2 20 2 00 9 (< 2 2 2 2 23 2 25 10 u 2 2 2 2 3 25 2 50 11 u 2 2 2 2 3 28 2 75 12 (( 2 2 2 2 3 3 30 3 00 13 ii 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 25 14 n 2 2 2 3 3 4 35 3 50 15 (( 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 38 3 75 16 it 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 40 4 00 17 (( 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 43 4 25 18 (; 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 45 4 50 19 (. 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 48 4 75 20 l,i 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 50 5 00 21 it 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 25 22 U 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 55 5 50 23 (( 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 58 5 75 24 (( 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 60 6 00 25 (( 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 63 6 25 26 u 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 65 6 50 27 (( 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 68 6 75 28 u 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 70 7 00 29 (( 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 73 7 25 1 M'nthI 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 75 7 50 2 2 3 5 8 9 11 12 14 15 1 50 15 00 3 2 5 7 9 U 14 16 18 20 23 2 25 22 50 4 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 3 00 30 00 5 4 8 11 15 19 23 26 30 34 3^ 3 75 37 50 6 5 9 14 18 23 27 32 36 41 45 4 50 45 00 7 5 11 16 21 26 32 37 42 47 53 5 25 52 50 8 6 12 18 24 30 30 42 48 54 60 6 00 60 00 9 7 14 20 27 34 41 47 54 61 68 6 75 67 50 10 8 15 23 30 38 45 53 60 68 75 7 50 75 00 11 8 17 25 33 41 50 58 06 74 83 8 25 82 50 1 Year.l 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 9 00 90 00 6o6 Dr, Chasers Recipes, INTEREST TABLE.— Ten Per Cent. TIME. $1 $3 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10 $1,000 $1,000 1 Day. 3 28 2 " 1 1 6 56 3 '' 1 1 1 1 8 83 4 '^ 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 5 " 1 1 1 1 14 1 39 6 " 1 1 2 2 17 1 67 7 '' 1 2 2 2 19 1 94 8 " 2 2 2 2 22 2 22 9 " 2 2 2 2 3 25 2 50 10 " 2 2 2 3 3 28 2 78 11 " 2 2 2 2 3 3 31 3 06 12 " 2 2 2 3 3 3 33 3 33 13 " 2 2 3 3 3 4 36 3 61 14 " 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 39 3 89 15 " 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 42 4 17 16 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 44 4 44 17 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 47 ■ 4 72 18 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 50 5 00 19 " 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 53 5 28 20 '^ 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 56 5 56 21 " 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 58 5 83 22 " 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 61 6 11 23 *' 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 64 6 39 24 " 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 67 6 67 25 " 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 69 6 94 26 " 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 72 7 22 27 '' 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 75 7 50 28 " 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 78 7 78 29 '^ 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 81 8 06 IM'nth 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 83 8 33 2 '^ 2 3 5 7 8 10 12 13 15 17 1 67 16 67 3 " 3 5 8 10 15 15 18 20 23 25 2 50 25 00 4 " 3 7 10 13 17 20 23 27 30 33 3 33 33 33 5 " 4 8 14 17 21 25 29 33 38 42 4 17 41 67 6 " 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 00 50 00 7 " 6 12 18 23 29 35 41 47 53 58 5 83 58 33 8 " 7 13 20 27 33 40 47 53 60 67 6 67 66 67 9 " 8 15 23 30 38 45 53 GO 68 75 7 50 75 00 10 " 8 17 25 33 42 50 58 67 75 83 8 33 83 33 11 " 9 18 28 37 46 55 64 73 83 92 9 17 91 67 1 Year. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00 10 00 100 00 EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOUND IN MEDICAL WORKS. Abdomen— The lower front part of the body. Aromatic — Spicy and fragrant drugs ; used to prevent griping of drastic purgatives. Aperient — A gentle laxative or purgative. Acidity — Sourness. Ac.ds neutralize alkalies. Alkaline— Having the properties of alkali. Alkalies neutralize acids. Antacid -Medicines which neutralize acids. Anti — Being prefixed to any word siufnifies against. Antiscorbutic — Alteratives for Scrofula; blood purifiers. Antisyphilitic — Remedy for Venereal Diseases. Albus — White, hence whites; fluor albus. Antisialagogue— Remedy for Saliv:ition. Antiseptic —That wiiich will prevent putrefaction. Antiphlogistic — Remedy for fever and inflammation. Antispasmodic — Remed.y for spasms, cramps or convulsions. Anodyne — A medicine which will allay pain and produce sleepiness. Alterative — Medicines which will gradually restore healthy action. Astringent — Medicines w^hich constringe, draw up surfaces with which they come in contact; used in Floodmg, Diarrhea, Whites, etc. Abscess — A cavity containing pus. Anemia — Without blood, more properly blood without its proportion of iron, which gives it the bright red. Alvine — Relating to the intestines. Aliment — Any kind of food. Alimentary Canal —The entire passage through the whole intestines from moutli to anus ; the passage for the aliment. Albumen — An elenient found in both animal and vegetable substances; constituting the chief part of the white of eggs. Antimonial— Medicines containing antimony. Anus — The external opening of the rectum, lower intestine. Antiperiodic— That which cures j»eriodic diseases, as Ague, Intermittent Fevers. Antidote — An opposing medicine, used chiefly against poison. Adult — Person of full growth. Aqua— Water. Aqua Ammonia — Water of Ammonia. Amenorrhea — Absence of the men.ses. Antiemetic — ^That which will stop vomiting; agafnst emesi?. Arsenic — A metal, the oxide of which is arsenious acid, commonly called ratsbane. Abortion — A premature birth, or miscarriage. Abortives — That which will cause abortion. Abrasion — Bruising the skin. Acetate— A salt prepared with acetic acid. Acrid —Irritating biting. * Adhesive— Applied to sticking plasters, and to parts adhering from inflammation. Balm — Aromatic and fragrant medicine, usually an ointment. Balsam — Resinous substances, possessing healing properties. Basilicon — An ointment containing wax, resin, etc. Belladonna — Nightshade. Bergamot— Perfume made from the lemon peel. Bile — A secretion IVom t ie liver. B lious — An undue amou t of bile. Bi-tartrate of Potash— Creara-of-Tartar. Blanch - To whiten. Bowels — Intestines. Bolus — A large pill. Bronchia— Branches of the windpipe. Bronchitis— Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which lead into the lungs. Bronchocele— Enlargement of the thyroid gland, enlargedneck. 6o8 Dr. Chase'' s Recipes. Butyric Acid — An acid obtained from butter. Calcium — The metalic basis of lime, (see fluor spar.) Calamus— Sweet flag. Calcareous — A substance containing- chalk or lime. Calcined — Burned so as to be easily reduced to powder. Calculus— Stone or gravel found in the bladder, gall ducts, kidneys, and ureters; ducts which lead from the kidneys to the bladder. Callous — A hard bony substance or growth. Capsicum — Cayenne pepper. Catarrh — Flow of mucus. Cathartic — An active purgative. Catheter— Tube for emptying the bladder. Carminative— An aromatic medicine. Caustic — A corroding or destroying substance, as nitrate of silver, potash, etc. Citric Acid — Acid made from lemons. Chronic— Of long standing. Collapse— A recession of the blood from the surface. Coma — Stupor. Constipation — Costiveness. Contagious — A disease which may be given to another by contact. Counter — To work against, as counter-irritant, Spanish-flies, draughts to the feet, etc. Congestion — Accumulation of blood in a part, unduly. Convalescence — Im provemint in health. Cuticle — The outer or first portion of the skin, which consists of three coat$. Datura Stramonium — Stink-wee