Class Book JSs£ J 3^r k PROGRESSIVE MEN AND WOMEN OF KOSCIUSKO COUNTY, INDIANA TO WHICH IS APPENDED A Comprehensive Compendium of National Biography — Memoirs of Eminent Men ami Women of the United States, whose Deeds of Valor or Works of Merit have Made their Names Imperishable. ILLUSTRATED Embellished with Portraits of Many Nationai Characters and Well Known Residents of Kosciusko County, Indiana. LOGANSPORT. INDIANA. B. K. BOWEN, PUBLISHER 1902 CONTENTS GENERAL INDEX. Table of Contents Introductory - 3 1 1 Compendium of National Biography 13 Compendium of Local Biography - 223 INDEX TO PART 1. Compendium of National Biography. Biographical Sketches of National Celebrities. PAGE Abbott, Lyman 1 44 Adams, Charles Kendall 143 Adams, John 25 Adams, John Quincy 61 Agassiz, Louis J. R 137 Alger, Russell A 173 Allison, William B 131 Allston, Washington 100 Altgeld, John Peter 140 Andrews, Elisha B 184 Anthony, Susan B 62 Armour, Philip D 62 Arnold, Benedict 84 Arthur, Chester Allen 168 Astor, John Jacob 139 Audubon, John James 166 Bailey, James Montgomery... 177 Bancroft, George 74 Barnard, Frederick A. P 179 Barnum, Phineas T 4; Barrett, Lawrence 156 Barton, Clara 209 Bayard, Thomas Francis 200 Beard, William H 196 Beauregard, Pierre G. T 203 Beecher, Henry Ward 26 Bell, Alexander Graham 96 Bennett, James Gordon 206 Benton, Thomas Hart 53 Bergh, Henry 160 Bierstadt, Albert 197 Billings. Josh 166 Blaine, James Gillespie 22 Bland, Richard Parks 106 PAGE Boone, Daniel 36 Booth, Edwin 51 Booth, Junius Brutus 177 Brice, Calvin S 181 Brooks. Phillips 130 Brown, John 51 Brown. Charles Farrar 91 Brush, Charles Francis 153 Bryan, William Jennings 158 Bryant, William Cullen 44 Buchanan, Franklin 105 Buchanan, James 128 Buckner, Simon Boliver 188 Burdette. Robert J 103 Burr, Aaron in Butler, Benjamin Franklin... 24 Calhoun, John Caldwell 23 Cameron, James Donald 141 Cameron, Simon 14 1 Cammack, Addison 197 Campbell, Alexander 180 Carlisle, John G 133 Carnegie, Andrew 73 Carpenter, Matthew Hale 178 Carson, Christopher (Kit)... 86 Cass, Lewis no Chase, Salmon Portland 65 Childs, George W 83 Choate, Rufus 207 Charlin. Horace Brigham 107 Clay. Henry 21 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne. 86 Cleveland. Grover 174 Clews, Henry 153 PAGE Clinton, DeWitt no Colfax, Schuyler 139 Conkling, Alfred 32 Conkling, Roscoe 32 Cooley, Thomas Mclntyre. . . . 140 Cooper, James Fenimore 58 Cooper, Peter 37 Copeley, John Singleton 191 Corbin. Austin 205 Corcoran, W. W 196 Cornell, Ezra 161 Cramp, William 189 Crockett, David 76 Cullom, Shelby Moore 116 Curtis, George William 144 Cushman. Charlotte 107 Custer, George A 95 Dana, Charles A 88 "Danbury News Man" 177 Davenport, Fanny 106 Davis, Jefferson 24 Debs, Eugene V 132 Decatur. Stephen 101 Deering, William 198 Depew, Chauncey Mitchell . . . 209 Dickinson, Anna 103 Dickinson, Don M 139 Dingley, Nelson, Jr 215 Donnelly, Ignatius 161 Douglas, Stephen Arnold.... 53 Douglass. Frederick 43 Dow, Neal 108 I Draper, John William 184 TABLE OF CONTEA TS—PART I. '-'4 Dupont, I i Edmi '-7 ts, William Maxwell. . I"ar irshall.... Filln n.i • drew Hull 17'' 1 4.? [i Iville Weston. ... Full man j . . . . 71 •ill. Albert I 12 Id, James A. .. . \\ ork William Lloyd. . . . . ... i ii. r: i.(7 ■ii. John B - Vdolphus W. ••>. Horai i Nathaniel . i.iin. Walter Ouiiitm . irles Francis to? Hamilton, Alexander 31 Hamlin. Hannibal. 214 I [ampti in. Wade 19a Winfield Scotl . . 146 na, Marcus Aloi Harris, Ishan 214 Harrison, William Henrj . . Han iamin I [arvard, John. Havemeyer, John Craig 183 13S Hayes, Rutherford Birchard Hendricks, Tin. ma- Vndrew Henry, Patrick 83 Hill. I >.i\ id Bennett 90 Holmes, Oliver Wendell Howi 104 Houston, Sam Hugl ... 157 Hull, Hun: Ingal 114 Irving, \\ . 71 .. hn Jeff< ■ i>li 47 Thomas. '45 John J. ill! 171 ' ' 5 Kean Kenl John Jaj . . 134 Lam 131 n, jolm A. .. . ay, John William 14X Madison, Janv i 42 Mather, Cotton.. . Matl 163 in. Hiram S McClellai ton . . 47 .ru- Hall McDonough, Com. Thomas. 167 McKinll ) . William Me Medill, Joseph . . \ Miller. Cincinnatus Heine. Miller. Ji Mills, K . ji 1 Mom 54 \1 ly, Dwighl 1 Moran, Thomas .56 ..in. John John T - mud F. !'■ U4 '4-' Perrj . 215 hn Lathr. ; 130 •Nye. Bill"... - 1 Diaries < >lne\. 133 '47 Parkhurst Irs." \ Phil! 122 JIJ Henrj B j r Allen. . . Pres Pullman, 171 Buchan; Wllltel.i.'. h, John Rocl ' 13 Km' 21 1 l-.ini Mc Mister m Henr> . 44 in Shaw. I lmr\ W 1 66 Slier Sherman. Char] i.iii. J.-hn .... Sherman, William I Shillaber, Benjamin Penhallow Smith. Edmund Kirbj 114 in Philip 60 Spreckles, Clan- TABLE OF CONTENTS— PART J. PAGE ford. Leland 101 Stanton, Edwin McMasters. . 179 Stanton, Elizabeth Cady 126 Stephens, Alexander Hamilton 32 ihenson, Adlai Ewing. ... 141 Stewart. Alexander T 58 Stewart. William Morris.... 213 Stowe, Harriet Elizabeth li echer 66 Stuart, James E. B 122 Simmer, Charles 34 Talmage. Thomas DeWitt. .. 60 Taney, Roger Brooks uo Taylor, Zachary 10S Teller, Henry M 127 Tesla, Xikoia 193 Thomas, George H 73 Thomas, Theodore 172 Thurman, Allen G 90 PAGE Thurston. John M 166 Tilden, Samuel J 48 Tillman, Benjamin Ryan.... 119 Toombs, Robert 205 "Twain. Mark" 86 Tyler. John 93 Van Buren, Martin 78 Vamlerbilt, Cornelius 35 Vail, Alfred 154 Vest, George Graham 214 Vilas, William Freeman 140 Voorhees, Daniel Wolsey. ... 95 Waite. Morrison Remich 125 Wallace, Lewis 199 Wallack, Lester 121 Wallack, John Lester 121 Wanamaker, John 89 Ward. "Artemus" 91 PAGE Washburne, Elihu Benjamin.. 189 Washington, George 17 Watson, Thomas E 178 Watterson, Henry 76 Weaver, James B 123 Webster, Daniel 19 Webster. Noah 49 Weed, Thurlow 91 West, Benjamin 115 Whipple, Henry Benjamin... 161 White. Stephen V 162 Whitefield, George 150 Whitman. Walt 197 Whitney. Eli 120 Whitney, William Collins.... 92 Whittier. John Greenleaf 67 Willard, Frances E 133 Wilson, William L 180 Winchell, Alexander 175 Windom, William 138 PORTRAITS OF NATIONAL CELEBRITIES. PAGE Alger, Russell A 16 Allison, William B 99 Anthony. Susan B 63 Armour. Philip D 151 Arthur. Chester A 81 Barnum. Phineas T 117 Beecher, Henry Ward 27 Blaine. James G 151 Booth, Edwin 63 Bryan, Wm. J 63 Bryant, William Cullen 185 Buchanan, James 81 Buckner, Simon B 16 Butler. Benjamin F 151 Carlisle. John G [51 Chase, Salmon P 16 Chi Ids. George W 99 Clay, Henry 81 Cleveland, Grover 45 Cooper. Peter 99 Dana. Charles A 151 Depew, Chauncey M 117 I >ouglass, Fred 63 Emerson., Ralph Waldo 27 IWarts. William M 99 Farragtit. Com. D. G 185 Field, Cyrus W 63 PAGE I ■:, Id, Marshall 117 Franklin, Benjamin 63 Fremont, Gen. John C 16 Gage, Lyman J 15 1 Garfield, James A 45 Garrison, William Lloyd.'... 63 George, Henry 117 Gould. Jay 99 Grant. Gen. U. S 185 Greeley. Horace 81 Hampton. Wade 16 Hancock. Gen. Winfield S.... 185 llanna. Mark A 117 Hani -on. Benjamin 81 Hayes. R. B 45 Hendricks, Thomas A 81 Holmes. Oliver W 151 Hooker. Gen. Joseph 16 [ngersoll, Robert G 117 Irving, Washington 27 Jackson, Andrew 45 Jefferson, Thomas 45 Johnston, Gen. J. E 16 Lee, Gen. Robert E 185 Lincoln. Abraham 81 Logan. Gen. John A 16 Longfellow, Henry W 185 PAGE Longstreet, Gen. James 16 Lowell. James Russell 27 McKinley, William 45 Morse, S. F. B 185 Phillips, Wendell 27 Porter, Com. D. D 185 Pullman, George M 117 Quav, M. S 99 Reed. Thomas B 151 Sage, Russell 117 Scott. Gen. Winfield 185 Seward, William H 45 Sherman. John 99 Sherman. Gen. W. T 151 Stanton. Elizabeth Cady 27 Stowe. Harriet Beecher 27 Sumner, Charles 45 Talmage. T. DeWitt 63 Teller. Henry M 99 Thurman, Allen G 81 Tilden. Samuel J 117 Van Buren. Martin 81 Vanderbilt. Commodore 99 Webster, Daniel 27 Whittier. John G 27 Washington, George 45 Watterson. Henry 63 INDEX. Andreas, Josiah 540 Anglin, James 523 Anglin, James H 335 Anglin, John W 523 Anglin, Mrs. Maggie 506 Anglin, Samuel D 335 Armey, Jacob 593 Armey, Joseph S 593 Arthur, John L 351 Arthur, Shelby 351 B. Baker, William Baker, William E Baker, William E Ball, Henderson W Ball, Thomas Ball, William D Balliet, David Balsley, John Balsley, William Banning, Jefferson Banning, William Barber, Sylvester Bartholomew, Henry S. K. Bartholomew, Moses Baugher, Charles Beagle, Calvin Beagle, John C Beagle, Stephen Bear, Benjamin F Beck, Hudson Beck, Metcalfe Bentley, Charles B Berger, Henry Berger, Henry J Best, John Black, Edward G 425 375 375 280 419 280 537 499 499 485 484 272 362 362 456 597 596 597 407 327 258 314 . 618 617 562 252 PAGE 600 599 395 395 397 Black, James Black, Joseph Blue, Benjamin Blue, James H Blue, Peter B Blue, William J 441 Bowman, Isaac 372 Bowman, William 372 Bowman, William H 371 Brindley, Milton H 550 Bruner, George 409 Bruner, John 410 Butterbaugh, George W 448 Butterbaugh, John 370 Butterbaugh, Theron D 447 Butterbaugh, William H 370 Bybee, Allen 389 Bybee, John 389 Byrer, Albert 635 Byrer, Reuben 635 Carpenter, Daniel H 461 Carpenter, Harvey 461 Carr, Samuel J 431 Chipman, Isaac 223 Chipman, Silas W 223 Chivington, Philip 364 Clay, John 611 Clay, William H 610 Colbert, Thomas J 430 Cook, Peter S 326 Crow, Nathaniel 579 D. Dausman, David 530 Davisson, William C 586 Day, Benjamin F 263 Deaton, George W 274 PAGE Deaton, Jacob O 274 Dunlap, John W 444 Dunlap, William 444 Dye, Charles T 595 Dye, Marshall A 595 E. Eaton, Levi H 414 Eddinger, Elmer M 439 Eddinger, Frederick 439 Edmonds, Andrew 577 F. Farber, Curtis C 590 Fermier, P. G., M. D 631 Fisher, James 293 Fisher, John 294 Fisher, Stephen 293 Foreman, Robert 408 Frantz, Christian E 353 Frantz, Christian 353 Frantz, Jacob 353 Frantz, Michael 353 Frantz, Michael 353 Frazer, James S 228 Frazer, Hon. William D 228 Funk, Henry B 332 G. Garwood, Amasa 450 Garwood, William 451 Gawthrop, Amos 552 Gawthrop, John 552 Gerard, Orlando F 469 Gerard, William E 549 Gripe, Jacob 340 Gripe, Nicholas G 336 Gripe, Samuel 340 Groves, Omar F 557 IXDEX. PAGE Guy, Andrew 574 Guy, Richard 574 H. Haines, Jesse 446 Haines, Robert 297 Haines, Samuel 446 Hall, Isaac 588 Hall, Sylvester 588 Hamman, David 476 Haney, Abraham 614 Haney, John F 614 Hardman, Peter J 290 Harlan, Charles E 486 Harlan, William 486 Hays, Elijah 234 Heagy, John S 534 Heckman, William 640 Heeter, Solomon 333 Heeter, David 333 Heisler, John 249 Heisler, William 249 Hepler, [acob '.. 618 Hepler, John D 564 Hepler, S 631 Hepler, Samuel C 636 Hepler, Simon 563 Higgins, Smith 4nl I K.ller, Samuel 860 Hohnian, Kmanuel H 405 Hohman, George 405 Hollar, i leorge W 630 Hollar, James E 619 Hollar, Joseph 622 Holloway, Thomas C 404 I [ossler, Quincy A 253 Huffman, George I. 277 Huffman, William 11 278 I. [senbargi r, i >lm 391 [senbarger, William 391 J. Jamison, Samuel John, Calvin N :i77 i, David :177 John. David M 378 Johnson, Benjamin 418 Johnson, Isaac 178 -. Mrs. Allie 100 Jontz, Robert M 349 K. King, Hiram O Kinsey, Benjamin D Kinsey, Francis A Kinsey, Henry E Kirkpatrick, William Kirkpatrick, William W. Kline, Henry Kline, John Kline, Nat. W Koontz, Jacob Koontz, Jacob S Krull, Frederick A PAGE 536 568 568 :,rr, 328 828 464 464 471 343 348 558 L. Latimer, Marion M 303 Leckrone, Daniel }'_."_' Leckrone, Samuel 422 Leighty, Samuel 338 Lentz, Cyrus 584 Lentz, Moses F 583 Lessig, David H 319 Lightfoot, James Wm 321 Lloyd, Amor 4n:: Lloyd, John M 402 Lones, Jerome II 260 Long, Charles R ■">:!■"> Lutes, Mathias W 442 M. McConnell, George .'.ill McKinley, James 520 McKinley, William W 519 McN'amara, Francis 538 McN'amara, John G 589 M< Sherry, Frederick 816 ee, Vlbert Magee, John W Makemson, John 526 Makemson, Marshall 526 Malcolm, Charles B 556 Malcolm, Landon C 555 Marquart, George 623 Marquart, John 623 Metheny, Andrew 437 Metheny, I- . M 4:i7 Metheny, William 137 Michaels, George .i'.'l Michaels, John 394 Miller, Aaron 546 Miller, Charles M 504 Miller, David 386 Miller, David K Miller, Giles 296 PAGE Miller, John M 264 Miller, Lewis 296 Miller, Samuel ;j86 Miller, William 504 Mock, George 459 Mock, John 459 Mock, John A 459 Mollenhour, Amos T ::;i2 Mollenhour, Lyman L 440 Mollenhour, William Moon, Edward 308 Moon, Hon. George 246 Moon, Jonathan 247 Moore, Sidney T 385 Moore, William 570 Morehead, Frank ; . . 4f,7 Morehead, Joseph 468 Musselman, Cyrus 291 Musselman, John 291 N. Xeal, William F 420 N. If, Henry E 452 Nighswander, Robert 346 North, Samson J fill' O. Ogden, George R 584 Oldfather, Henry L 424 < >tt . Francis M 572 P. Plummer, James 192 l'lummer, John 492 Pound, John F 606 Pound, Philip 607 Powell, Isaac M 495 Lowell, John 196 Priser, John 318 Puntenney, Noah 604 Q- Quackenbush, J. A R. Reed, John 684 Rhodes, John .Ion Rhodes, David 309 Rickel. George W 354 Ruler, Daniel 543 Rider, Samuel 542 Ring. Henry D 300 Ring, Joshua 257 Robinson, Jonathan P 282 INDEX. PAGE Robinson, Samuel S 306 Robinson, Silas M 265 Robinson, William 306 Rockhill, Mrs. Rachael 434 Rohrer, John 616 Rohrer, Thomas J 616 Rosbrugh, A. W 602 Rose, George D 324 Royse, Hon. Lemuel W 237 Rupe, Andrew P 250 Rupe, Jacob 250 S. Sarber, Abraham 240 Sarber, Adam 240 Sarber, Andrew E 554 Sarber, Edson B 230 Sarber, Mrs. Susan 438 Sarber, Thomas B 240 Sechrist, David 368 Sechrist, Solomon 368 Sheneman, Isaac 615 Shipley, Francis M 382 Shoup, John H 417 Smalley, Joseph 322 Smith, Andrew J 318 Smith, Arthur 283 Smith, George W 323 Smith, Given K 433 Smith, Henry T 517 Smith, Tames E 516 Smith, James S..M.D 301 Smith, Rev. Joel R. 301 Smith, John C .117 Smith, Mark 231 Stettler, John 575 PAGE Stinson, James H 541 Stoler, David 529 Stoler, John 529 Stoler, Martin 529 Stoneburner, Andrew 286 Stoneburner, Elias A 286 Stoneburner, James 287 Stout, Christian 232 Stout, William 232 Swanson, Hans 501 Swick, Henry 413 Swick, Prof. J. W 412 Swick, William 412 Swihart, Gabriel 357 Swihart, Jacob 357 T. Teegarden, George 4:14 Teeple, Davis 581 Thayer, Rev. George H 225 Thomas, B. A 366 Thomas, Samuel 366 Thompson, William C 449 Thorn, John 532 Thorn, William H 532 Tom, Daniel 488 Tom, John 488 Troup, Jacob J 490 Troup, John B 491 Tucker, Albert 454 Tucker, Charles M 416 Tucker, Horace 242 Tucker, John 243 Tucker, Norman 350 Tucker, Ora 384 Turnbull, Eli 356 PAGE U. Ulrey, Gabriel 426 Ulrey, Hiram 545 Ulrey, Jacob 358 Ulrich, Joseph 285 Ulrich, Stephen 285 V. Vance, George 458 W. Wainwright, J. M 428 Warde and Tucker Families. . 242 Warner, Joseph 543 Warren, John 279 Warren, Samuel 279 Weaver, George 330 Weaver, Jacob S 329 Webber, Irvin B 266 Webber, John 267 Welch, David S 513 Welch, Joseph 514 Wells, Ephraim 270 Welty, Ulrich 560 Whitehead, John W 627 Whitehead, Lewis 627 Wiley, Rev. Thomas 298 Williams, Gen. Reuben 221 Willis, Henry 483 Wood, Capt. Andrew G 304 Woods, John 565 Woods, Milton 565 Worley, G. W 399 Worley, William W 474 Wright, John 511 Wright, Oliver 608 Wright, Thomas J 511 Gl£= COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY . . OF . . Celebrated Americans a?+ p^-pi rzaafflszr •2 ill it/ ill \*/ Ui li \l/ S- eY~ G fEORGE WASHINGTON, I the first president of the Unit- | ed States, called the "Father Itt'pvtifififfifvf of his Country," was one of sfe^fS 3 the most celebrated characters x?f^r ' n history. He was born Feb- * ruary 22, 1732, in Washing- ton Parish, Westmoreland county, Virginia. His father, Augustine Washington, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early childhood, and that his father there- upon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford county, on the north bank of the Rappahan- nock, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George developed a noble charac- ter. His education was somewhat defective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighbor- ing school. On leaving school he resided some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guar- dian. George's inclinations were for a sea- faring career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him; but through the oppo- sition of his mother the project was aban- doned, and at the age of sixteen he was appointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax. Three years were passed by Washington in a rough fron- tier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 1751, when the Virginia militia were put under training with a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed adjutant, with the rank of major. In 1752 Lawrence Washington died, leaving his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as an eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece, soon succeeded to that estate. In 1753 George was commis- sioned adjutant-general of the Virginia militia, and performed important work at the outbreak of the French and Indian war, was rapidly promoted, and at the close of that warwe find him commander-in-chief of Oop] 1 i-'i.r l SOT, b] Georgi \ Ogli \ Co 18 COMPENDIUM <>/■ BIOGRAPHY. all the forces raised in Virginia. A cessation of Indian hostilities on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, he resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Virginia forces, and then proceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the Virginia Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Curtis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and devoted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by the annual attendance in winter upon the colonial legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his coun- try to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world-wide. The war for independence called Washington into service again, and he was made com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces, and was the most gallant and conspicuous figure in that bloody struggle, serving until Eng- land acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them jointly, as separate sovereignties. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his officers in most affection- ate and patriotic terms, and went to An- napolis, Maryland, where the congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his commission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1 7S9 that Washington was called ti» the chief magistracy of the na- tion. The inauguration took place April ;< >. in the presence of an immense multi- tude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. In the manifold de- tails of his civil administration Washington proved himself fully equal to the requirements of his position. In 179-, at the second presi- dential election, Washington was desirous to retire; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen presi- dent. At the third election, in 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to con- sent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused, and after March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet, and repose. Of the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Ver- non and take command of all the United States forces, with rank of lieutenant-gen- eral, when war was threatened wilh France in 1 70S. nothing need here be stated, ex- cept to note the fact as an unmistakable testimonial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen of all shades of political opinion. He patriotic- ally accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. His remains were depos- ited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac, at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, an eminent American statesman and scientist, was born of poor parentage, January 17, 1706, in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appren- ticed to his brother James to learn the print- er's trade to prevent his running away and going to sea, and also because of the numer- ous family his parents had to support (there being seventeen children, Benjamin bi the fifteenth). He was a j^reat reader, and soon developed a taste for writing, and pre- pared a number of articles and had them published in the paper without his brother's knowledge, and when the authorship be- I came known it resulted in difficulty for the C OM PENDIUM OF BIO GRA I 'll I . ;) young apprentice, although his articles had been received with favor by the public. James was afterwards thrown into prison for political reasons, and young Benjamin con- ducted the paper alone during the time. In 1823, however, he determined to endure his bonds no longer, and ran away, going to Philadelphia, where he arrived with only three pence as his store of wealth. With these he purchased three rolls, and ate them as he walked along the streets. He soon found employment as a journeyman printer. Two years later he was sent to England by the governor of Pennsylvania, and was promised the public printing, but did not get it. On his return to Philadelphia he estab- lished the "Pennsylvania Gazette," and soon found himself a person of great popu- larity in the province, his ability as a writer, philosopher, and politician having reached the neighboring colonies. He rapidly grew in prominence, founded the Philadelphia Li- brary in 1842, and two years later the American Philosophical Society and the University of Pennsylvania. He was made I'ellow of the Royal Society in London in 1775. His world-famous investigations in electricity and lightning began in 1746. He became postmaster-general of the colonies in 1753, having devised an inter-colonial postal system. He advocated the rights of the colonies at all times, and procured the repeal of. the Stamp Act in 1766. He was elected to the Continental congress of 1775, and in 1776 was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, being one of the commit- tee appointed to draft that paper. He rep- resented the new nation in the courts of Europe, especially at Paris, where his simple dignity and homely wisdom won him the admiration of the court and the favor of the people. He was governor of Pennsylvania 'our ve.ars; was also a member of the con- vention in 1787 that drafted the constitution of the United States. His writings upon political topics, anti- slavery, finance, and economics, stamp him as one of the greatest statesmen of his time, while his "Autobiography" and "Poor Richard's Almanac" give him precedence in the literary field. In early life he was an avowed skeptic in religious matters, but later in life his utterances on this subject were less extreme, though he never ex- pressed approval of any sect or creed. He died in Philadelphia April 17, 1790. DANIEL WEBSTER.— Of world wide reputation for statesmanship, diplo- macy, and oratory, there is perhaps no more prominent figure in the history of our coun- try in the interval between 1815 and 1861, than Daniel Webster. He was born at Salisbury (now Franklin), New Hampshire, January 18, 1782, and was the second son of Ebenezer and Abigail (Eastman) Webster. He enjoyed but limited educational advan- tages in childhood, but spent a few months in 1797, at Phillip Exeter Academy. He completed his preparation for college in the family of Rev. Samuel Wood, at Boscawen, and entered Dartmouth College in the fall of 1797. He supported himself most of the time during these years by teaching school and graduated in 1801, having the credit of being the foremost scholar of his class. He entered the law office of Hon. Thomas W. Thompson, at Salisbury. In 1802 he con- tinued his legal studies at Fryeburg, Maine, where he was principal of the academy and copyist in the office of the register of deeds. In the office of Christopher Gore, at Boston, he completed his studies in 1804—5, an d was admitted to the bar in the latter year, and at Boscawen and at Ports- mouth soon rose to eminence in his profes- so COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. sion. He became known as a federalist but did not court political honors; but, at- tracting attention by his eloquence in oppos- ing the war with England, he was elected to congress in 1 812. During the special session of May, 18 13, he was appointed on the committee on foreign affairs and made his maiden speech June 10, 181 3. Through- out this session (as afterwards) he showed his mastery of the great economic questions of the day. He was re-elected in 18 14. In 1 8 1 6 he removed to Boston and for seven years devoted himself to his profession, :arning by his arguments in the celebrated "Dartmouth College Case" rank among me most distinguished jurists of the country. !n 1S20 Mr. Webster was chosen a member Df the state convention of Massachusetts, to revise the constitution. The same year he delivered the famous discourse on the " Pil- grim fathers," which laid the foundation for his fame as an orator. Declining a nomi- nation for United States senator, in 1S22 he was elected to the lower house of congress and was re-elected in 1824 and 1826, but in 1827 was transferred to the senate. He retained his seat in the latter chamber until 1 841. During this time his voice was ever lifted in defence of the national life and honor and although politically opposed to him he ^ave his support to the administra- tion of President Jackson in the latter's con- test with nullification. Through all these years he was ever found upon the side of v'ight and justice and his speeches upon all the great questions of the day have be- ,-,ome household words in almost every iamily. In 1841 Mr. Webster was appointed secretary of state by President Harrison and was continued in the same office by President Tyler. While an incumbent of this office he showed consummate ability as a diplomat in the negotiation of the " Ash- burton treaty " of August 9, 1849, which settled many points of dispute between the United States and England. In May, 1843, he resigned his post and resumed his pro- fession, and in December, 1845, took his place again in the senate. He contributed in an unofficial way to the solution of the Oregon question with Great Britain in 1847. He was disappointed in 1848 in not receiv- ing the nomination for the presidency. He became secretary of state under President Fillmore in 1850 and in dealing with all the complicated questions of the day showed a wonderful mastery of the arts of diplomacy. Being hurt in an accident he retired to his home at Marshfield, where he died Octo- ber 24, 1852. HORACE GREELEY.— As journalist, author, statesman and political leader, there is none more widely known than the man whose name heads this article. He was borri in Amherst, New Hampshire, Feb- ruary 3, 181 1, and was reared upon a farm. At an early age he evinced a remarkable intelligence and love of learning, and at the age of ten had - read every book he could borrow for miles around. About 1821 the family removed to Westhaven, Vermont, and for some years young Greeley assisted in carrying on the farm. In 1826 he entered the office of a weekly newspaper at East Poultney, Vermont, where he remained about four years. On the discontinuance of this paper he followed his father's family to Erie county, Pennsylvania, whither they had moved, and for a time worked at the printer's trade in that neigh- borhood. In 1 83 1 Horace went to New York City, and for a time found employ- ment as journeyman printer. January, 1833, in partnership with Francis Story, he published the Morning Post, the first penny COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 21 paper ever printed. This proved a failure and was discontinued after three weeks. The business of job printing was carried on, however, until the death of Mr. Story in July following. In company with Jonas Winchester, March 22, 1S34, Mr. Greeley commenced the publication of the New Yorker, a weekly paper of a high character. For financial reasons, at the same time, Greeley wrote leaders for other papers, and, in 1 8 3 S , took editorial charge of the Jeffer- sonian, a Whig paper published at Albany. In 1840, on the discontinuance of that sheet, he devoted his energies to the Log Cabin, a campaign paper in the interests of the Whig party. In the fall of 184 1 the latter paper was consolidated with the New Yorker, un- der the name of the Tribune, the first num- ber of which was issued April 10, 1841. At the head of this paper Mr. Greeley remained until the day of his death. In 1848 Horace Greeley was elected to the national house of representatives to fill a vacancy, and was a member of that body until March 4, 1849. In 1851 he went to Europe and served as a juror at the World's Fair at the Crystal Palace, Lon- don. In 1855, he made a second visit to the old world. In 1859 he crossed the plains and received a public reception at San Francisco and Sacramento. He was a member of the Republican national con- vention, at Chicago in i860, and assisted in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for President. The same year he was a presi- dential elector for the state of New York, and a delegate to the Loyalist convention at Philadelphia. At the close of the war, in 1865, Mr. Greeley became a strong advocate of uni- versal amnesty and complete pacification, and in pursuance of this consented to be- come one of the bondsmen for Jefferson Davis, who was imprisoned for treason. In 1867 he was a delegate to the New York state convention for the revision of the constitution. In 1870 he was defeated for congress in the Sixth New York district. At the Liberal convention, which met in Cincinnati, in May, 1872, on the fifth ballot Horace Greeley was nominated for presi- dent and July following was nominated for the same office by the Democratic conven- tion at Baltimore. He was defeated by a large majority. The large amount of work done by him during the campaign, together with the loss of his wife about the same time, undermined his strong constitution, and he was seized with inflammation of the brain, and died November 29, 1872. In addition to his journalistic work, Mr. Greeley was the author of several meritori- ous works, among which were: "Hints toward reform," "Glances at Europe," " History of the struggle for slavery exten sion," "Overland journey to San Francis- co," "The American conflict," and " Rec- ollections of a busy life." HENRY CLAY.— In writing of this em- inent American, Horace Greeley once said: "He was a matchless party chief, an admirable orator, a skillful legislator, wield- ing unequaled influence, not only over his friends, but even over those of his political antagonists who were subjected to the magic of his conversation and manners. " A law- yer, legislator, orator, and statesman, few men in history have wielded greater influ- ence, or occupied so prominent a place in the hearts of the generation in which they lived. Henry Clay was born near Richmond, in Hanover county, Virginia, April 12, 1777, the son of a poor Baptist preacher who died when Henry was but five years 22 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. old. The mother married again about ten years later and :emoved 10 Kentucky leav- ing Henry a clerk in a store at Richmond. Soon afterward Henry Clay secured a posi- tion as copyist in the office of the clerk of the high court of chancery, and four years later entered the law office of Robert Brooke, then attorney general and later governor of his native state. In 1797 Henry Clay was licensed as a lawyer and followed his mother to Kentucky, opening an office at Lexington and soon built up a profitable practice. Soon afterward Kentucky, in separating from Virginia, called a state convention for the purpose of framing a constitution, and Clay at that time took a prominent part, publicly urging the adoption of a clause providing for the abolition of slavery, but in this he was overruled, as he was fifty years later, when in the height of his fame he again ad- vised the same course when the state con- stitution was revised in 1850. Young Clay took a very active and conspicuous part in the presidential campaign in 1800, favoring the election of Jefferson; and in 1803 was chosen to represent Fayette county in the state ; egislature. In 1806 General John Adair, then United States senator from Kentucky, resigned and Henry Clay was elected to fill the vacancy by the legislature and served through one session in which he at once assumed a prominent place. In 1807 he was again a representative in the legislature and was elected speaker of the house. At this time originated his trouble with Humphrey Marshall. Clay proposed that eacli member clothe himself and family wholly in American fabrics, wliich Marshall characterized as the " language of a dema- gogue." This led to a duel in which both parties were slightly injured. In 1809 Henry Clay was again elected to fill a va- cancy 111 the United States senate, and two years later elected representative in tne low- er house of congress, being chosen speaker of the house. About this time war was de- clared against Great Britain, and Clay took a prominent public place during this strug- gle and was later one of the commissioners sent to Europe by President Madison to ne- gotiate peace, returning in September, 1S15. having been re-elected speaker of the house during his absence, and was re-elect- ed unanimously. He was afterward re- elected to congress and then became secre- tary of state under John Quincy Adams. In 1 83 1 he was again elected senator from Kentucky and remained in the senate most of the time until his death. Henry Clay was three times a candidate for the presidency, and once very nearly elected. He was the unanimous choice of the Whig party in 1 844 for the presidency, and a great effort was made to elect him but without success, his opponent, James K. Polk, carrying both Pennsylvania and New York by a very slender margin, while either of them alone would have elected Clay. Henry Clay died at Washington June 29, 1852. JAMES GILLESPIE BLAINE was one of the most distinguished of American statesmen and legislators. He was born January 31, 1S30, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and received a thorough edu- cation, graduating at Washington College in 1847. In early life he removed to Maine and engaged in newspaper work, becoming editor of the Portland ' 'Advertiser. " While yet a young man he gained distinction as a debater and became a conspicuous figure in political and public affairs. In 1862 he was elected to congress on the Republican ticket in Maine and was re-elected five times. In March, 1869, he was chosen speaker of the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 23 house of representatives and was re-elected in 1 87 1 and again in 1873. In 1876 he was a representative in the lower house of con- gress and during that year was appointed United States senator by the Governor to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Morrill, who had been appointed secretary of the treasury. Mr. Blaine served in the senate until March 5, 1881, when President Garfield appointed him sec- retary of state, which position he resigned in December, 1881. Mr. Blaine was nom- inated for the presidency by the Republic- ans, at Chicago in June, 1884, but was de- feated by Grover Cleveland after an exciting and spirited campaign. During the later years of his life Mr. Blaine devoted most of his time to the completion of his work "Twenty Years in Congress," which had a remarkably large sale throughout the United States. Blaine was a man of great mental ability and force of character and during the latter part of his life was one of the most noted men of his time. He was the origina- tor of what is termed the " reciprocity idea" in tariff matters, and outlined the plan of carrying it into practical effect. In 1876 Robert G. Ingersoll in making a nominating speech placing Blaine's name as a candidate for president before the national Republican convention at Cincinnati, referred to Blaine as the " Plumed Knight " and this title clung to him during the remainder of his life. His death occurred at Washington, January 27, 1893. JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, a dis- /■• BIOGRAPHY. resigned from the Continental congress to serve in that body, wrote most of its public papers, including the constitution of the new state, and was then made chief-justice. He was again chosen as a member of the Con- tinental congress in 1778, and became presi- dent of that body.. He was sent to Spain as minister in 1780, and his services there resulted in substantial and moral aid for the struggling colonists. Jay, Franklin, and Adams negotiated the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1782, and Jay was ap- pointed secretary of foreign affairs in 1784, and held the position until the adoption of the Federal constitution. During this time he had contributed strong articles to the "Federalist" in favor of the adoption of the constitution, and was largely instru- mental in securing the ratification of that instrument by his state. He was appointed by Washington as first chief-justice of the United States in 1789. In this high capac- ity the great interstate and international questions that arose for immediate settle- ment came before him for treatment. In 1794, at a time when the people in gratitude for the aid that France had ex- tended to us, were clamoring for the privilege of going to the aid of that nation in her struggle with Great Britain and her own op- pressors, John Jay was sent to England as special envoy to negotiate a treaty with that power. The instrument known as "Jay's Treaty " was the result, and while in many of its features it favored our nation, yet the neutrality clause in it so angered the masses that it was denounced throughout the entire country, and John Jay was burned in effigy in the city of New York. The treaty was finally ratified by Washington, and approved, in August, 1795. Having been elected governor of his state for three consecutive terms, he then retired from active life, declining an appointment as chief-justice of the supreme court, made by John Adams and confirmed by the senate. He died in New York in 1S29. PHILLIP HENRY SHERIDAN was one of the greatest American cavalry generals. He was born March 6, 1831, at Somerset, Perry county, Ohio, and was ap- pointed to the United States Military Acad- emy at West Point, from which he graduat- ed and was assigned to the First Infantry as brevet second lieutenant July 1, 1853. After serving in Texas, on the Pacific coast, in Washington and Oregon territories until the fall of 1861, he was recalled to the states and assigned to the army of south- west Missouri as chief quartermaster from the duties of which he was soon relieved. After the battle of Pea Ridge, he was quar- termaster in the Corinth campaign, and on May 25 he was appointed colonel of the Second Michigan Cavalry. On July 1, in command of a cavalry brigade, he defeated a superior force of the enemy and was com- missioned brigadier-general of volunteers. General Sheridan was then transferred to the army of the Ohio, and commanded a division in the battle of Perrysville and also did good service at the battle of Murfrees- boro, where he was commissioned major- general of volunteers. He fought with great gallantry at Chickamauga, after which Rosecrans was succeeded by General Grant, under whom Sheridan fought the battle of Chattanooga and won additional renown. Upon the promotion of Grant to lieutenant- general, he applied for the transfer of Gen- eral Sheridan to the east, and appointed him chief of cavalry in the army of the Potomac. During the campaign of 1 S64 the cavalry covered the front and flanks of the infantry until May 8, when it was witt> COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. drawn and General Sheridan started on a raid against the Confederate lines of com- munication with Richmond and on May 25 he rejoined the army, having destroyed con- siderable of the confederate stores and de- feated their cavalry under General Stuart at Yellow Tavern. The outer line of defences around Richmond were taken, but the sec- ond line was too strong to be taken by as- sault, and accordingly Sheridan crossed the Chickahominy at Meadow Bridge, reaching James River May 14, and ther.ce by White House and Hanover Court House back to the army. The cavalry occupied Cold Harbor May 31, which they held until the arrival of the infantry. On General Sheri- dan's next raid he routed Wade Hampton's cavalry, and August 7 was assigned to the command of the Middle Military division, and during the campaign of the Shenan- doah Valley he performed the unheard of feat of " destroying an entire army." He was appointed brigadier-general of the reg- ular army and for his victory at Cedar Creek he was- promoted to the rank of major-gen- eral. General Sheridan started out Febru- ary 27, 1865, with ten thousand cavalry and destroyed the Virginia Central Railroad and the James River Canal and joined the army again at Petersburg March 27. He commanded at the battle of Five Forks, the decisive victory which compelled Lee to evacuate Petersburg. On April 9, Lee tried to break through Sheridan's dismounted command but when the General drew aside his cavalry and disclosed the deep lines of infantry the attempt was abandoned. Gen- eral Sheridan mounted his men and was about to charge when a white flag was flown at the head of Lee's column which betokened the surrender of the army. After the war Gen- eral Sheridan had command of the army of the southwest, of the gulf and the depart- ment of Missouri until he was appointed lieutenant-general and assigned to the di- vision of Missouri with headquarters at Chi- cago, and assumed supreme command of the army November 1, 1883, which post he held until his death, Augusts, 1888. PHINEAS T. BARNUM, the greatest showman the world has ever seen, was born at Danbury, Connecticut, July 5, 18 10. At the age of eighteen years he began busi- ness on his own account. He opened a re- tail fruit and confectionery house, including a barrel of ale, in one part of an old car- riage house. He spent fifty dollars in fitting up the store and the stock cost him seventy dollars. Three years later he put in a full stock, such as is generally carried in a country store, and the same year he started a Democratic newspaper, known as the "Herald of Freedom." He soon found himself in jail under a sixty days' sentence for libel. During the winter of 1834-5 he went to New York and began soliciting busi- ness for several Chatham street houses. In 1835 ne embarked in the show business at Niblo's Garden, having purchased the cele- brated " Joice Heth" for one thousand dol- lars. He afterward engaged the celebrated athlete, Sig. Vivalia, and Barnum made his ' ' first appearance on any stage, " acting as a "super" to Sig. Vivalia on his opening night. He became ticket seller, secretary and treasurer of Aaron Turner's circus in 1836 and traveled with it about the country. His next venture was the purchase of a steamboat on the Mississippi, and engaged a theatrical company to show in the princi- pal towns along that river. In 1840 he opened Vaux Hall Garden, New York, with variety performances, and introduced the celebrated jig dancer, John Diamond, to the public. The next vear he auit the show 42 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. business and settled down in New York as agent of Sear's Pictorial Illustration of the Bible, but a few months later again leased Vaux Hall. In September of the same year he again left the business, and became • • puff " writer for the Bowery Amphitheater. In December he bought the Scudder Museum, and a year later introduced the celebrated Tom Thumb to the world, taking him to England in 1844, and remaining there three years. He then returned to New York, and in 1849, through James Hall Wilson, he en- gaged the "Swedish Nightingale," Jenny Lind, to come to this country and make a tour under his management. He also had sent the Swiss Bell Ringers to America in 1844. He became owner of the Baltimore Museum and the Lyceum and Museum at Philadelphia. In 1850 he brought a dozen elephants from Ceylon to make a tour of this country, and in 185 1 sent the " Bateman Children" to London. During 185 1 and 1852 he traveled as a temperance lecturer, and became president of a bank at Pequon- aock, Connecticut. In 1852 he started a weekly pictorial paper known as the " Illus- trated News." In 1865 his Museum was destroyed by fire, and he immediately leased the Winter Garden Theatre, where he played his company until he opened his own Museum. This was destroyed by fire in 1868, and he then purchased an interest in the George Wood Museum. After dipping into politics to some ex- tent, he began his career as a really great showman in 1871. Three years later he erected an immense circular building in New York, in which he produced his panoramas. He has frequently appeared as a lecturer, some times on temperance, and some times on other topics, among which were "Hum- bugs of the World," "Struggles and Triumphs," etc. He was owner of the im- mense menagerie and circus known as the "Greatest Show on Earth," and his fame extended throughout Europe and America. He died in 1891. JAMES MADISON, the fourth president of the United States, 1809-17, was born at Port Conway, Prince George coun- ty, Virginia, March 16, 1751. He was the son of a wealthy planter, who lived on a fine estate called ' ' Montpelier," which was but twenty-five miles from Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Madison was the eldest of a family of seven children, all of whom attained maturity. He received his early education at home under a private tutor, and consecrated himself with unusual vigor to study. At a very early age he was a proficient scholar in Latin, Greek, French and Spanish, and in 1769 he entered Prince- ton College, New Jersey. He graduated in 1 77 1, but remained for several months after his graduation to pursue a course of study under the guidance of Dr. Witherspoon. He permanently injured his health at this time and returned to Virginia in 1772, and for two years he was immersed in the study of law, and at the same time made extend- ed researches in theology, general literature, and philosophical studies. He then directed his full attention to the impending struggle of the colonies for independence, and also took a prominent part in the religious con- troversy at that time regarding so called persecution of other religious denominations by the Church of England. Mr. Madison was elected to the Virginia assembly in 1776 and in November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the council of state. He took his seat in the continental congress in March, 1780. He was made chairman of the committee on foreign relations, and drafted an able memoranda for the use of COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 43 the American ministers to the French and Spanish governments, that established the claims of the republic to the territories be- tween the Alleghany Mountains and the Mississippi River. He acted as chairman of the ways and means committee in 1783 and as a member of the Virginia legislature in 1784-86 he rendered important services to the state. Mr. Madison represented Vir- giana in the national constitutional conven- tion at Philadelphia in 17S7, and was one of the chief framers of the constitution. He was a member of the first four congresses, 1789-97, and gradually became identified with the anti-federalist or republican party of which he eventually became the leader. He remained in private life during the ad- ministration of John Adams, and was secre- tary of state under President Jefferson. Mr. Madison administered the affairs of that post with such great ability that he was the natural successor of the chief magistrate and was chosen president by an electoral vote of 122 to 53. He was inaugurated March 4, 1S09, at that critical period in our history when the feelings of the people were embittered with those of England, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, which finally resulted in the declaration of war, June 18, 1812. In the autumn of that year President Madison was re-elected by a vote of 128 to 89, and conducted the war for three years with varying success and defeat in Canada, by glorious victories at sea, and by the battle of New Orleans that was fought after the treaty of peace had been signed at Ghent, December 24, 1814. During this war the national capitol at Washington was burned, and many valuable papers were destroyed, but the declaration of independence was saved to the country by the bravery and courage of Mr. Madi- i son's illustrious wife. A commercial treaty I was negotiated with Great Britain in 181 5, and in April, 18 16, a national bank was in- corporated by congress. Mr. Madison was succeeded, March 4, 1817, by James Monroe, and retired into private life on his estate at Montpelier, where he died June 28, 1836. FREDERICK DOUGLASS, a noted American character, was a protege of the great abolitionist, William Lloyd Garri- son, by whom he was aided in gaining his education. Mr. Douglass was born in Tuck- ahoe county, Maryland, in February, 1817, his mother being a negro woman and his father a white man. He was born in slav- ery and belonged to a man by the name of Lloyd, under which name he went until he ran away from his master and changed it to Douglass. At the age of ten years he was sent to Baltimore where he learned to read and write, and later his owner allowed hitn to hire out his own time for three dollars a week in a shipyard. In September, 1838, he fled from Baltimore and made his way to New York, and from thence went to New Bedford, Massachusetts. Here he was mar- ried and supported himself and family by working at the wharves and in various work- shops. In the summer of 1841 he attended an anti-slavery convention at Nantucket, and made a speech which was so well re- ceived that he was offered the agency of the Massachusetts Anti-slavery Society. In this capacity he traveled through the New En- gland states, and about the same time he published his first book called "Narrative of my Experience in Slavery." Mr. Doug- lass went to England in 1845 an ^ lectured on slavery to large and enthusiastic audi- ences in all the large towns of the country, and his friends made up a purse of seven hundred and fifty dollars and purchased his freedom in due form of law. 14 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY Mr. Douglass applied himself to the de- livery of lyceum lectures after the abolition of slavery, and in i S70 he became the editor of the '• New National Era " in Washington. In 1 87 1 he was appointed assistant secretary of the commission to San I > >mingo and on his return he was appointed one of the ter- ritorial council for the District of Colorado i. President Grant. He was elected presi- dential elector-at-large for the state of New York and was appointed to carry the elect- oral Vote to Washington. He was also United States marshal for the District of Columbia in 1876, and latei was recorder of deeds for the same, from which position as removed by President Cleveland in In the fall of that year he \ England to inform the friends that lie had made while there, of the progress of the colored race in America, and on his return he was appointed minister to Hayti, by President Harrison in 1889. Hiscareeras a benefactor of his race was closed by his death in February, 1S95. near Washington. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT.— The ear for rhythm and the talent for graceful expression are the gifts of nature, and tluy were plentifully endowed on the above named poet. The principal charac- teristic of his poetry is the thoughtfulness and intellectual process by which his ideas ripened in his mind, as all his poems are bright, clear and sweet. Mr. Bryant was born November 3. 1794, at Cummington, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, and was educated at Williams College, from whi< h he graduated, having entered it in 1 8 10. II I »6k Up the study of law, and in 1815 was admitted to the bar, but after practicing successfully for ten years at Plainfield and Great Barrington, he removed to New York in [825, The following year he became the editor of the "Evening Post," which he edited until his death, and under his di- rection this paper maintained, through a long series of years, a high standing by the boldness of its protests against slavery be- fore the war, by its vigorous support of the government during the war, and by the fidelity and ability of its advocacy of the Democratic freedom in trade. Mr. Bry- ant visited Europe in 1834, 1.^45, 1849 and and presented to the literary world the fruit of his travels in the series of "Let- ters of a Traveler," and "Letters from Spain and Other Countries." In the world of literature he is known chiefly as a poet, and here Mr. Bryant's name is illustrious. both at home and abroad. He contributed verses to the "Country Gazette " before he was ten years of age, and at the age of nine- teen he wrote " Thanatopsis, " the most im- pressive and widely known of his poems. The later outgrowth of his genius was his translation of Homer's "Iliad" in l8jtO and the "Odyssey" in 1871. He also made several speeches and addresses which have been collected in a comprehensn ume called "Orations and Addresses." Ib- was honored in many ways by his fellow citizens, who delighted to pay tributes of respect to his literary eminence, th<- breadth of his public spirit, the faithfulness of his service, and the worth of his private char- acter. Mr. Bryant died in New York City June \2, 1S78. WILLIAM HENRY SEWARD, the secretary of state during one of the most critical times in the history of our country, and the ri^'ht hand man of 1 dent Lincoln, ranks among the greatest statesmen America has produced. Mr Seward was born May t6, 1801, at Florida. Orange county, New York, and with such COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATHr. 47 facilities as the place afforded he fitted him- self for a college course. He attended Union College at Schenectady, New York, at the age of fifteen, and took his degree in the regular course, with signs of promise in 1820, after which he diligently addressed himself to the study of law under competent instructors, and started in the practice of his profession in 1823. Mr. Seward entered the political arena and in 1828 we find him presiding over a convention in New York, its purpose being the nomination of John Quincy Adams for a second term. He was married in 1824 and in 1830 was elected to the state senate. From 1S38 to 1842 he was governor of the state of New YoTk. Mr. Seward's next im- portant position was that of United States senator from New York. W. H. Seward was chosen by President Lincoln to fill the important office of the secretary of state, and by his firmness and diplomacy in the face of difficulties, he aided in piloting the Union through that period of strife, and won an everlasting fame. This great statesman died at Auburn, New York, October IO, 1872, in the seventy-second year of his eventful life. JOSEPH JEFFERSON, a name as dear as it is familiar to the theater-going world in America, suggests first of all a fun- loving, drink-ioving, mellow voiced, good- natured Dutchman, and the name of "Rip Van Winkle " suggests the pleasant features of Joe Jefferson, so intimately are play and player associated in the minds of those who have had the good fortune to shed tears of laughter and sympathy as a tribute to the greatness of his art. Joseph Jefferson was born in Philadelphia, February 20, 1829. His genius was an inheritance, if there be such, as his great-grandfather, Thomas 3 Jefferson, was a manager and actor in Eng land. His grandfather, Joseph Jefferson, was the most popular comedian of the New York stage in his time, and his father, Jos- eph Jefferson, the second, was a good actor also, but the third Joseph Jefferson out- shone them all. At the age of three years Joseph Jeffer- son came on the stage as the child in "Pi- zarro," and his training was upon the stage from childhood. Later on he lived and acted in Chicago, Mobile, and Texas. After repeated misfortunes he returned to New Orleans from Texas, and his brother-in-law, Charles Burke, gave him money to reach Philadelphia, where he joined the Burton theater company. Here his genius soon as- serted itself, and his future became promis- ing and brilliant. His engagements through- out the United States and Australia were generally successful, and when he went to England in 1865 Mr. Boucicault consented to make some important changes in his dramatization of Irving's story of Rip Van Winkle, and Mr. Jefferson at once placed it in the front rank as a comedy. He made a fortune out of it, and played nothing else for many years. In later years, however, Mr. Jefferson acquitted himself of the charge of being a one-part actor, and the parts of "Bob Acres," "Caleb Plummer" and "Golightly " all testify to the versatility of his genius. GEORGE BRINTON McCLELLAN, a noted American general, was born in Philadelphia, December 3, 1826. He graduated from the University of Pennsyl- vania, and in 1846 from West Point, and was breveted second lieutenant of engineers. He was with Scott in the Mexican war, taking part in all the engagements from Vera Cruz to the final capture of the Mexi- (8 COMI'J-.XDUM OF BIOGRAPHY can capital, and was breveted first lieuten- ant and captain for gallantry displayed on various occasions. In i S 57 he resigned his commission and accepted the position of chiel engineer in the construction of the Illinois Central Railroad, and became presi- dent of the St. Louis & Cincinnati Railroad Company. He was commissioned major- general by the state of Ohio in 1861, placed in command of the department of the Ohio, and organized the first volunteers called for from that state. In May he was appointed major-general in the United States army, and ordered to disperse the confederates overrunning West Virginia. Hi accomplished this task promptly, and received the thanks of congress. After the first disaster at Bull Run he was placed in command of the department of Wash- ington, and a few weeks later of the Army of the Potomac. Upon retirement of General Scott the command of the en- tire United States army devolved upon Mc- Clellan, but he was relieved of it within a few months. In March, 1862, after elabor- ate preparation, he moved upon Manassas, only to find it deserted by the Confederate army, which had been withdrawn to im- pregnable defenses prepared nearer Rich- mond. He then embarked his armies for Fortress Monroe and after a long delay at Vorktown, began the disastrous Peninsular campaign, which resulted in the Army of the Potomac being cooped up on the James River below Richmond. His forces were then railed to the support of General Pope, near Washington, and be was left without an army. After Pope's defeat McClellan was placed in command of the troops for the de- fenseof the capital, and after a thorough or- ganization he followed Lee into Maryland and the battles of Antietam and South Moun- tain ensued. The delay which followed caused general dissatisfaction, and he was re- ! of his command, and retired from active service. In 1SG4 McClellan was nominated for the presidency by the Democrats, and over- whelmingly defeated by Lincoln, three states only casting their electoral votes for McClellan. On election day he resigned his commission and a few months later went to Europe where he spent several years. He wrote a number of military text- books and reports. His death occurred October 29, 1885. SAMUEL J. TILDEN.— Among the great statesmen whose names adorn the pages of American history may be found that of the subject of this sketch. Known as a lawyer of highest ability, his greatest claim to immortality will ever lie in his successful battle against the corrupt rings of his native state and the elevation of the standard of official life. Samuel J. Tilden was born in New Leb- anon, New York, February 9, 1S14. He pursued his academic studies at Yale Col- lege and the University of New York, tak- ing the course of law at the latter. He was admitted to the bar in 1841. His rare ability as a thinker and writer upon public- topics attracted the attention of President V;ui Huren, of whose policy and adminis- tration he became an active and efficient champion. He made for himself a high place in his profession and amassed quite a fortune as the result of his industry and judgment During the days of his greatest professional labor he was ever one of the leaders and trusted counsellors of the Demo- cratic party. He was a member of the conventions to revise the state constitution, both in [846 and 1S67, and served two terms in the lower branch of the state leg- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 49 islature. He was one of the controlling spirits in the overthrow of the notorious "Tweed ring" and the reformation of the government of the city of New York. In 1874 he was elected governor of the state of New York. While in this position he assailed corruption in high places, success- fully battling with the iniquitous "canal ring " and crushed its sway over all depart- ments of the government. Recognizing his character and executive ability Mr. Tilden was nominated for president by the na- tional Democratic convention in 1876. At the election he received a much larger popu- lar vote than his opponent, and 184 uncon- tested electoral votes. There being some electoral votes contested, a commission ap- pointed by congress decided in favor of the Republican electors and Mr. Hayes, the can- didate of that party was declared elected. In 1880, the Democratic party, feeling that Mr. Tilden had been lawfully elected to the presidency tendered the nomination for the same office to Mr. Tilden, but he declined, retiring from all public functions, owing to failing health. He died August 4, 1886. By will he bequeathed several millions of dollars toward the founding of public libra- ries in New York City, Yonkers, etc. NOAH WEBSTER.— As a scholar, law- yer, author and journalist, there is no one who stands on a higher plane, or whose reputation is better established than the honored gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was a native of West Hartford, Connecticut, and was born October 17, 1758. He came of an old New England family, his mother being a descendant of Governor William Bradford, of the Ply- mouth colony. After acquiring a solid edu- cation in early life Dr. Webster entered Yale College, from which he graduated in 1778. For a while he taught school in Hartford, at the same time studying law, and was admitted to the bar in 1781. He taught a classical school at Goshen, Orange county, New York, in 1782-83, and while there prepared his spelling book, grammar and reader, which was issued under the title of "A Grammatical Institute of the English Language," in three parts, — so successful a work that up to 1876 something like forty million of the spelling books had been sold. In 1786 he delivered a course of lec- tures on the English language in the seaboard cities and the following year taught an academy at Philadelphia. From December 17, 1787, until November, 1788, he edited the "American Magazine, "a periodical that proved unsuccessful. In 1789-93 he prac- ticed law in Hartford having in the former year married the daughter of William Green- leaf, of Boston. He returned to New York and November, 1793, founded a daily paper, the "Minerva," to which was soon added a semi-weekly edition under the name of the " Herald." The former is still in existence under the name of the "Commercial Adver- tiser." In this paper, over the signature of "Curtius," he published a lengthy and schol- arly defense of "John Jay's treaty." In 1798, Dr. Webster moved to New Haven and in 1807 commenced the prepar- ation of his great work, the ' ' American Dic- tionary of the English Language," which was not completed and published until 1828. He made his home in Amherst, Massachu- setts, for the ten years succeeding 181 2, and was instrumental in the establishment of Amherst College, of which institution he was the first president of the board of trustees. During 1824-5 ne resided in Europe, pursu- ing his philological studies in Paris. He completed his dictionary from the libraries of Cambridge University in 1825, and de- -> MPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY voted his leisure (or the remainder of his life to the revision of that and his school books. Dr. Webster was a member of the legis- latures of both Connecticut and Massachu- setts, was judge of one of the courts of the former state and was identified with nearly all the literary and scientific societies in the neighborhood of Amherst College. He died in New Haven, May 28, 1S43. Among the more prominent works ema- nating from the fecund pen of Dr. Noah Webster besides those mentioned above are the following: "Sketches of American Policy.' " Winthrop's Journal ," "A Brief History of Epidemics," " Rights of Neutral ns in time of War," " A Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the English Lan- guage," "Dissertations on the Ei Language, "A Collection of Es- "The Revolution in France," "Political Progress of Britain," "Origin, History, and Connection of the Languages of Western Asia and of Europe," and many others. WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON, the great anti-slavery pioneer and lead< r, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, December ij, 1S04. He was apprenticed to the printing business, and in [828 was in- duced to take charge of the "Journal of the Times" at Bennington, Vermont. While supporting John Quincy Adams for the presi- dency he took occasion in that paper to give expression of his views on slavery. These articles attracted notice, and a Quaker named Lundy, editor of the "Genius of Emancipation," published in Baltimore, in- duced him to enter a partnership with him (or the conduct of his paper. It soon transpired that the views of the partners were not in harmony, Lundy favoring grad- ual emancipation, while Garrison favored immediate freedom. In 1850 Mr. Garrison was thrown into prison for libel, not being able to pay a fine of fifty dollars and 1 In his cell he wrote a number of poems which stirred the entire north, and a mer- chant, Mr. Tappan, of New York, paid his fine and liberated him, after seven weeks of confinement. He at once began a lecture tour of the northern cities, denouncing slavery as a sin before God, and demanding its immediate abolition in the name of re- ligion and humanity. He opposed the col- onization scheme of President Monroe and other leaders, and declared the right of every slave to immediate freedom. In 1831 he formed a partnership with Isaac Knapp. and began the publication oi the "Liberator" at Boston. The " imme- abolition " idea began to gather powei in the north, while the south became alarmed at the bold utterance of this jour- nal. The mayor of Boston was besought by southern influence to interfere, and upon investigation, reported upon the insignifi- cance, obscurity, and poverty of the editor and his staff, which report was widely published throughout the country. Re- wards were offered by the southern states for his arrest and conviction. Later Garri- son brought from England, where an eman- cipation measure had just been passed, some of the great advocates to work for the cause in this country. In 1 S3 5 a mob broke into his office, broke up a meeting oi women, dragged Garrison through the street with a rope around his body, and his life was saved only by the interference of the police, who lodged him in jail. Garrison declined to sit in the World's Anti-Slaverv convention at London in 1S40, because that body had refused women representa- tion. He opposed the formation of a po- litical party with emancipation as its basis. COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHT. 51 He favored a dissolution of the union, and declared the constitution which bound the free states to the slave states " A covenant with death and an agreement with hell. " In 1S43 he became president of the Amer- ican Anti-Slavery society, which position he held until 1S65, when slavery was no more. During all this time the " Liberator " had continued to promulgate anti-slavery doc- trines, but in 1865 Garrison resigned his position, and declared his work was com- pleted. He died May 24. 1S79. JOHN" BROWN' ;•■ Brown of Ossawato- mie"), a noted character in American history, wasbornatTorrington. Connecticut, May 9, 1800. In his childhood he removed to Ohio, where he learned the tanner's trade. He married there, and in 1S55 set- tled in Kansas. He lived at the village of vatomie in that state, and there began his fi-^ht against slavery. He advocated im- mediate emancipation, and held that the es of the slave states merely waited for a leader in an insurrection that would re- sult in their freedom. He attended the convention called at Chatham, Canada, in and was the leading spirit in organiz- ing a raid upon the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry. Virginia. His plans were well laid, and carried out in great secrecy. He rented a farm house near Harper's I in the summer of 1859, and on October ■ >f that year, with about twenty follow- ers, he surprised and captured the United States arsenal, with all its supplies and arms. To his surprise, the negroes did not come to his support, and the next day he Utacked by the Virginia state militia, wounded and captured. He was tried in the courts of the state, convicted, and was hanged at Charlestown, December 2, 1S59. The raid and its results had a tremendous effect, and hastened the culmination of the troubles between the north and south. The south had the advantage in discussing this event, claiming that the sentiment which inspired this act of violence was shared by the anti-slavery element of the country. EDWIN BOOTH had no peer upon the American stage during his long career as a star actor. He was the son of a famous actor, Junius Brutus Booth, and was born in 1S33 at his father's home at Belair, near Baltimore. At the age of sixteen he made his first appearance on the stage, at the Boston Museum, in a minor part in "Richard III." It was while playing in California in 1S51 that an eminent critic called general atten- tion to the young actor's unusual talent. However, it was not until 1S63, at the great Shakspearian revival at the Winter Garden Theatre, New York, that the brilliancy ol his career began. His Hamlet held the boards for 100 nights in succession, and from that time forth Booth's reputation was established. In 1S6S he opened his own theatre (Booth's Theater in New York. Mr. Booth never succeeded as a manager, however, but as an actor he was undoubted- ly the most popular man on the American stage, and perhaps the most eminent one in the world. In England he also won the greatest applause. Mr. Booth's work was confined mostly to Shakspearean roles, and his art was characterized by intellectual acuteness. fervor, and poetic feeling. His Hamlet, Richard II. Richard III, and Richelieu gave play to his greatest powers. In when his brother, John Wilkes Booth, enacted his great crime, Edwin Booth re- solved to retire from the stage, but waspur- suaded to reconsider that decision. The odium did not in anv way attach to the co.MPENDICM OF BIOGRArUV. yreat actor, and his popularity was not affected. In all his work Mr. Booth clung closely to the legitimate and the traditional in drama, making no experiments, and offer- ing little encouragement to new dramatic authors. His death occurred in New York, June 7, 1894. JOSEPH HOOKER, a noted American officer, was born at Hadley, Massachu- setts. November 13, 18 14. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1837, and was appointed lieutenant of artillery. He served in Florida in the Seminole war, and in garrison until the outbreak of the Mexican war. During the latter he saw service as a staff officer and was breveted captain, major and lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Monterey, National Bridge and Chapultepec. Resigning his commission in 1 833 he took up farming in California, which he followed until 1 861. During this time he acted as superintendent of military roads in Oregon. At the outbreak of the Rebel- lion Hooker tendered his services to the government, and. May 17, 1861, was ap- pointed brigadier-general of volunteers. He served in the defence of Washington and on the lower Potomac until his appointment to the command of a division in the Third Corps, in March, 1862. For gallant con- duct at the siege of Yorktown and in the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Fra- .zier's Farm and Malvern Hill he was made major-general. At the head of his division he participated in the battles of Manassas and Chantillv. September 6. 1862, he was placed at the head of the First Corps, and in the battles of South Mountain and An- tietam acted with his usual gallantry, being wounded in the latter engagement. On re- joining the army in November he was made brigadier-general in the regular army. On General Burnside attaining the command of the Army of the Potomac General Hooker was placed in command of the center grand division, consisting of the Second and Fifth Corps. At the head of these gallant men he participated in the battle of Fred- ericksburg, December 13, 1S62. In Janu- ary, 1863, General Hooker assumed com- mand of the Army of the Potomac, and in May following fought the battle of Chan- cellorsville. At the time of the invasion of Pennsylvania, owing to a dispute with Gen- eral Halleck, Hooker requested to be re- lieved of his command, and June 28 was succeeded by George G. Meade. In Sep- tember, 1863, General Hooker was given command of the Twentieth Corps and trans- ferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and distinguished himself at the battles of Look- out Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ring- gold. In the Atlanta campaign he saw almost daily service and merited his well- known nickname of "Fighting Joe." July 30, 1S64, at his own request, he was re- lieved of his command. He subsequently was in command of several military depart- ments in the north, and in October, 1868, was retired with the full rank of major-gen- eral. He died October 31, 1879. JAY GOULD, one of the greatest finan- ciers that the world has ever produced, was born May 27, 1836, at Roxbury, Dela- ware county, New York. He spent his earls- years on his father's farm and at the age of fourteen entered Hobart Academy, New York, and kept books for the village black- smith. He acquired a taste for mathematics and surveying and on leaving school found employment in making the surveyor's map of Ulster county. He surveyed very exten- sively in the state and accumulated five thou- sand dollars as the fruits of his labor. He COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 53 was then stricken with typhoid (ever but re- covered and made the acquaintance of one Zadock Pratt, who sent him into the west- ern part of the state to locate a site for a tannery. He chose a fine hemlock grove, built a sawmill and blacksmith shop and was soon doing a large lumber business with Mr. Pratt. Mr. Gould soon secured control of the entire plant, which he sold out just before the panic of 1857 and in this year he became the largest stockholderintheStrouds- burg, Pennsylvania, bank. Shortly after the crisis he bought the bonds of the Rutland & Washington Railroad at ten cents on the dollar, and put all his money into railroad securities. For a long time he conducted this road which he consolidated with the Rensselaer & Saratoga Railroad. In 1859 he removed to New York and became a heavy investor in Erie Railroad stocks, en- tered that company and was president until its reorganization in 1872. In December, 1880, Mr. Gould was in control of ten thou- sand miles of railroad. In 1887 he pur- chased the controlling interest in the St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Co., and was a joint owner with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co. of the western portion of the Southern Pacific line. Other lines soon came under his control, aggregat- ing thousand of miles, and he soon was rec- ognized as one of the world's greatest rail- road magnates. He continued to hold his place as one of the master financiers of the century until the time of his death which occurred December 2, 1892. THOMAS HART BENTON, a very prominent United States senator and statesman, was born at Hillsborough, North Carolina, March 14, 1782. He removed to Tennessee in early life, studied law, and be- gan to practice at Nashville about 18 10. During the war of 1812—1815 he served as colonel of a Tennessee regiment under Gen- eral Andrew Jackson. In 181 5 he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, and in 1820 was chosen United States senator for that state. Having been re-elected in 1826, he sup- ported President Jackson in his opposition to the United States bank and advocated a gold and silver currency, thus gaining the name of " Old Bullion," by which he was familiarly known. For many years he was the most prominent man in Missouri, and took rank among the greatest statesmen of his day. He was a member of the senate for thirty years and opposed the extreme states' rights policy of John C. Calhoun. In 1852 he was elected to the house of rep- resentatives in which he opposed the repeal of the Missouri compromise. He was op- posed by a powerful party of States' Rights Democrats in Missouri, who defeated him as a candidate for governor of that state in 1856. Colonel Benton published a considerable work in two volumes in 1854-56, entitled "Thirty Years' View, or a History of the Working of the American Government for Thirty Years, 1820-50." He died April 10, 1858. STEPHEN ARNOLD DOUGLAS.— One of the most prominent figures in politic- al circles during the intensely exciting days that preceded the war, and a leader of the Union branch of the Democratic party was the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born at Brandon, Rutland coun- ty, Vermont, April 23, 18 13, of poor but respectable parentage. His father, a prac- ticing physician, died while our subject was but an infant, and his mother, with two small children and but small means, could give him but the rudiments of an education. 54 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGEAPHV At the age of fifteen youngr Douglas engaged at work in the cabinet making business to raise funds to carry him through college. After a few years of labor he was enabled to pursue an academical course, first at Bran- don, and later at Canandaicua, New York. In the latter place he remained until 1833, taking up the study of law. Belore he was twenty, however, his tunas running lew, he abandoned all further attempts at educa- tion, determining to enter at once the battle of life. After some wanderings tnrough the western states he took ud his residence at Jacksonville, Illinois, where, after teaching school for three months, he was admitted to the bar, and opened an office in 1834. Within a year from that time, so rapidly had he risen in his profession, he was chosen attorney genera! of the state, and warmly espoused the piinciples of the Democratic party. He soon became one of the most popular orators in Illinois. It was at this time he gained the name of the " Little Gianc." In 1835 he resigned the position of attorney general having been elected to the legislature. In 1841 he was chosen judge of the supreme 'Court of Illinois which he resigned two years later to take a seat in congress. It was during this period of his ;ife, while a member of the lower house, that he established his reputation and took the side of those who contended that con- gress had no constitutional right to restrict the extension of slavery further than the agreement between the states made in 1 820. This, in spite of his being opposed to slav- ery, and only on grounds which he believed to be right, favored what was called the Missouri compromise. In 1847 M f - Doug- las was ch »sen United States senator for six years, and greatly distinguished himself. In 1S52 he was re-elected to the same office. During this latter term, under his leader- ship, the " Kansas-Nebraska bill " was car- ried in the senate. In 1858, nothwith- standing the fierce contest made by his able competitor for the position, Abraham Lin- coln, and with the administration of Bu- chanan arrayed against him, Mr. Douglas was re-elected senator. After the trouble in the Charleston convention, when by the withdrawal of several state delegates with- out a nomination, the Union Democrats, in convention at Baltimore, in 1S60, nomi- nated Mr. Douglas as their candidate for presidency. The results of this election are well known and the great events of 1861 coming on, Mr. Douglas was spared their full development, dying at Chicago, Illinois. June 3, 1 861, after a short illness. His last words to his children were, " to obey the laws and support the constitution of the United States." JAMES MONROE, fifth president of the <, K.U'iir. 59 tember 15, 1789, at Burlington, New Jer- sey, and was a son of Judge William Cooper. About a year after the birth of our subject the family removed to Otsego county, New York, and founded the town called " Coop- erstown." James Fenimore Cooper spent his childhood there and in 1802 entered Yale College, and four years later became a midshipman in the United States navy. In 181 1 he was married, quit the seafaring life, and began devoting more or less time to lit- erary pursuits. His first work was ' ' Pre- caution," a novel published in 1S19, and three years later he produced "The Spy, a Tale of Neutral Ground," which met with great favor and was a universal success. This was followed by many other works, among which may be mentioned the follow- ing: ' ' The Pioneers, " ' ' The Pilot, " " Last of the Mohicans," "The Prairie," "The Red Rover," "The Manikins," "Home- ward Bound," "Home as Found," "History of the United States Navy," "The Path- finder," "Wing and Wing," "Afloat and Ashore," "The Chain-Bearer," "Oak- Openings," etc. J. Fenimore Cooper died at Cooperstown, New York, September 14, 1851. MARSHALL FIELD, one of the mer- chant princes of America, ranks among the most successful business men of the cen- tury. He was born in 1835 at Conway, Massachusetts. He spent his early life on a farm and secured a fair education in the common schools, supplementing this with a course at the Conway Academy. His natural bent ran in the channels of commer- cial life, and at the age of seventeen he was given a position in a store at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Mr. Field remained there four years and removed to Chicago in 1856. He began his career in Chicago as a clerk in the wholesale dry goods house of Cooley, Wadsworth & Company, which later be- came Cooley, Farwell & Company, and still later John V. Farwell & Company. He remained with them four years and exhibit- ed marked ability, in recognition of which he was given a partnership. In 1865 Mr. Field and L. Z. Leiter, who was also a tuber of the firm, withdrew and formed the firm of Field, Palmer & Leiter, the third partner being Potter Palmer, and they continued in business until 1867, when Mr. Palmer retired and the firm became Field, Leiter & Company. They ran under the latter name until 1 881, when Mr. Leiter re- tired and the house has since continued un- der the name of Marshall Field & Company. The phenomenal success accredited to the house is largely due to the marked ability of Mr. Field, the house had become one of the foremost in the west, with an annual sale of $8,000,000 in 1870. The total loss of the firm during the Chicago fire was $3,500,000 of which $2,500,000 was re- covered through the insurance companies. It rapidly recovered from the effects of this and to-day the annual sales amount to over $40,000,000. Mr. Field's real estate hold- ings amounted to $ to, 000, 000. He was one of the heaviest subscribers to the Bap- tist University fund although he is a Presby- terian, and gave $1,000,000 for the endow- ment of the Field Columbian Museum — one of the greatest institutions of the kind in the world. EDGAR WILSON NYE. who won an im- mense popularity under the pen name of " Bill Nye," was one of the most eccen- tric humorists of his day. He was born Au- gust 25, 1850, at Shirley, Piscataqua coun- ty, Maine, "at a very early age" as he ex- presses it. He took an academic course in 60 COMTEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. River Falls, Wisconsin, from whence, after his graduation, he removed to Wyoming T< rritory. He studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1876. He began when quite young to contribute humorous sketches to the newspapers, became connected with various western journals and achieved a brilliant success as a humorist. Mr. Nye settled later in New York City where he devoted his time to writing funny articles for the big newspaper syndicates. He wrote for publication in book form the following : "Bill Nye and the Boomerang," "The Forty Liars," "Baled Hay," "Bill Nye's Blossom Rock," "Remarks," etc. His death occurred February 21, 1896, at Ashe- ville, North Carolina. THOMAS DE WITT TALMAGE, one of the most celebrated American preach- ers, was born January 7, 1832, and was the youngest of twelve children. He made his preliminary studies at the grammar school in New Brunswick, New Jersey. At the age of eighteen he joined the church and entered the University of the City of New York, and graduated in May, 1853. The exercises were held in Niblo's Garden and his speech aroused the audience to a high pitch of en- thusiasm. At the close of his college duties he imagined himself interested in the law and for three years studied law. Dr. Tal- mage then perceived his mistake and pre- pared himself for the ministry at the Reformed Dutch Church Theological Semi- nary at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Just after his ordination the young minister re- ceived two calls, one from Piermont, New York, and the other from Belleville, New Jersey. Dr. Talmage accepted the latter and for three years filled that charge, when he was called to Syracusr, New York. Here it was that his sermons first drew large crowds of people to his church, and from thence dates his popularity. Afterward he became the pastor of the Second Reformed Dutch church, of Philadelphia, remaining seven years, during which period he first entered upon the lecture platform and laid the foundation for his future reputation. At the end of this time he received three calls, one from Chicago, one from San Francisco, and one from the Central Presbyterian church of Brooklyn, which latter at that time consisted of only nineteen members with a congregation of about thirty-five. This church offered him a salary of seven thousand dollars and he accepted the call. He soon induced the trustees to sell the old church and build a new one. They did so and erected the Brooklyn Tabernacle, but it burned down shortly after it was finished. By prompt sympathy and general liberality a new church was built and formally opened in February, 1874. It contained seats for four thousand, six hundred and fifty, but if necessary seven thousand could be accom- modated. In October, 1878, his salary was raised from seven thousand dollars to twelve thousand dollars, and in theautumnof 1889 the second tabernacle was destroyed by fire. A third tabernacle was built and it was for- mally dedicated on Easter Sunday, 1891. JOHN PHILIP SOUSA, conceded as being one of the greatest band leaders in the world, won his fame while leader of the United States Marine Band at Washing- ton, District of Columbia. He was not originally a band player but was a violinist, ami at the age of seventeen he was conduc- tor of an opera company, a profession which he followed for several years, until he was offered the leadership of the Marine Band at Washington. The proposition was re- pugnant to him at first but he accepted the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 61 offer and then ensued ten years of brilliant success with that organization. When he first took the Marine Band he began to gather the national airs of all the nations that have representatives in Washington, and compiled a comprehensive volume in- cluding nearly all the national songs of the different nations. He composed a number of marches, waltzes and two-steps, promi- nent among which are the "Washington Post," "Directorate," "King Cotton," "High School Cadets," "Belle of Chica- go," "Liberty Bell March," "Manhattan Beach," " On Parade March," " Thunderer March," "Gladiator March," " El Capitan March," etc. He became a very extensive composer of this class of music. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, sixth president of the United States, was born in Braintree, Massachusetts, July n, 1767, the son of John Adams. At the age of eleven he was sent to school at Paris, and two years later to Leyden, where he entered that great university. He returned to the United States in 1785, and graduated from Harvard in 1788. He then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1791. His practice brought no income the first two years, but he won distinction in literary fields, and was appointed minister to The Hague in 1794. He married in 1797, and went as minister to Berlin the same year, serving until 1801, when Jefferson became president. He was elected to the senate in 1803 by the Federalists, but was condemned by that party for advocating the Embargo Act and other Anti-Federalist measures. He was appointed as professor of rhetoric at Harvard in 1805, and in 1809 was sent as minister to Russia. He assisted in negotiat- ing the treaty of peace with England in 1814, and became minister to that power the next year. He served during Monroe's administration two terms as secretary of state, during which time party lines were obliterated, and in 1824 four candidates for president appeared, all of whom were iden- tified to some extent with the new " Demo- cratic" party. Mr. Adams received 84 elec- toral votes, Jackson 99, Crawford 41, and Clay 37. As no candidate had a majority of all votes, the election went to the house of representatives, which elected Mr. Adams. As Clay had thrown his influence to Mr. Adams, Clay became secretary of state, and this caused bitter feeling on the part of the Jackson Democrats, who were joined by Mr. Crawford and his following, and op- posed every measure of the administration. In the election of 1828 Jackson was elected over Mr. Adams by a great majority. Mr. Adams entered the lower house of congress in 1830, elected from the district in which he was born and continued to rep- resent it for seventeen years. He was known as " the old man eloquent," and his work in congress was independent of party. He opposed slavery extension and insisted upon presenting to congress, one at a time, the hundreds of petitions against the slave power. One of these petitions, presented in 1842, was signed by forty-five citizens of Massachusetts, and prayed congress for a peaceful dissolution of the Union. His enemies seized upon this as an opportunity to crush their powerful foe, and in a caucus meeting determined upon his expulsion from congress. Finding they would not be able to command enough votes for this, they de- cided upon a course that would bring equal disgrace. They formulated a resolution to the effect that while he merited expulsion, the house would, in great mercy, substitute its severest censure. When it was read in the house the old man, then in his seventy-fifth 62 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. year, arose and demanded that the first para- graph of the Declaration of Independence be read as his defense. It embraced the famous sentence, "that whenever any form of government becomes destructive to those ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, etc., etc." After eleven days of hard fight- ing his opponents were defeated. On Febru- ary 21, 1848, he rose to address the speaker on the Oregon question, when he suddenly fell from a stroke of paralysis. He died soon after in the rotunda of the capitol, whore he had been conveyed by his col- leagues. SUSAN B. ANTHONY was one of the most famous women of America. She was born at South Adams, Massachusetts, February 15. 1820, the daughter of a Quaker. She received a good education and became a school teacher, following that profession for fifteen years in New York. Beginning with about 1852 she became the active leader of the woman's rights move- ment and won a wide reputation for her zeal and ability. She also distinguished herself for her zeal and eloquence in the temperance and anti-slavery causes, and became a conspicuous figure during the war. After the close of the war she gave most of her labors to the cause of woman's suffrage. PHILIP D. ARMOUR, one of the most conspicuous figures in the mercantile history of America, was born May 16, 1832, on a farm at Stockbridge, Madison county, New York, and received his early education in the common schools of that county. He was apprenticed to a farmer and worked faithfully and well, being very ambitious and desiring to start out for himself. At the age of twenty he secured a release from his indentures and set out overland for the gold fields of California. After a great deal of hard work he accumulated a little money and then came east and settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He went into the grain receiving and warehouse busi- ness and was fairly successful, and later on he formed a partnership with John Plankin- ton in the pork packing line, the st) lc of the firm being Plankinton & Armour. Mr. Ar- mour made his first great "deal" in selling pork "short" on the New York market in the anticipation of the fall of the Confed- eracy, and Mr. Armour is said to have made through this deal amillion dollars. He then established packing houses in Chicago and Kansas City, and in 1875 he removed to Chicago. He increased his business by add- ing to it the shipment of dressed beef to the European markets, and man}- other lines of trade and manufacturing, and it rapidly assumed vast proportions, employing an army of men in different lines of the busi- ness. Mr. Armour successfully conducted a great many speculative deals in pork and ^rain of immense proportions and also erected many large warehouses for the storage of j^rain. He became one of the representative business men of Chicago, where he became closely identified with all enterprises of a public nature, but his fame as a great busi- ness man extended to all parts of the world. He founded the "Armour Institute " at Chi- 1 and also contributed largely to benevo- lent and charitable institutions. ROBERT FULTON.— Although Fulton is best known as the inventor of the first successful steamboat, yet his claims to distinction do not rest alone upon that, for he was an inventor along other lines, a painter and an author. He was born at Little Britain, Lancaster county, Pennsyl COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 65 vania, in 1765, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. At the age of seventeen he removed to Phila- delphia, and there and in New York en- gaged in miniature painting with success both from a pecuniary and artistic point of view. With the results of his labors he pur- chased a farm for the support of his mother. He went to London and studied under the great painter, Benjamin West, and all through life retained his fondness for art and gave evidence of much ability in that line. While in England he was brought in contact with the Duke of Bridgewater, the father of the English canal system; Lord Stanhope, an eminent mechanician, and James Watt, the inventor of the steam en- gine. Their influence turned his mind to its true field of labor, that of mechanical in- vention. Machines for flax spinning, marble sawing, rope making, and for remov- ing earth from excavations, are among his earliest ventures. His "Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation, " issued in 1 796, and a series of essays on canals were soon followed by an English patent for canal improvements. In 1797 he went to Paris, where he resided until 1S06, and there invented a submarine torpedo boat for maritime defense, but which was rejected by the governments of France, England and the United States. In 1 803 he offered to con- struct for the Emperor Napoleon a steam- boat that would assist in carrying out the plan of invading Great Britain then medi- tated by that great captain. In pursuance he constructed his first steamboat on the Seine, but it did not prove a full success and the idea was abandoned by the French government. By the aid of Livingston, then United States minister to France, Fulton purchased, in 1806, an engine which he brought to this country. After studying the defects of his own and other attempts in 4 this line he built and launched in 1807 the Clermont, the first successful steamboat. This craft only attained a speed of five miles an hour while going up North river. His first patent not fully covering his in- vention, Fulton was engaged in many law suits for infringement. He constructed many steamboats, ferryboats, etc., among these being the United States steamer " Fulton the First," built in 18 14, the first war steamer ever built. This craft never attained any great speed owing to some de- fects in construction and accidentally blew up in 1829. Fulton died in New York, Feb- ruary 21, 1 Si 5. SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, sixth chief-justice of the United States, and one of the most eminent of American jurists, was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, Jan- uary 13, 1808. At the age of nine he was left in poverty by the death of his father, but means were found to educate him. He was sent to his uncle, a bishop, who con- ducted an academy near Columbus, Ohio, and here young Chase worked on the farm and attended school. At the age of fifteen he returned to his native state and entered Dartmouth College, from which he gradu- ated in 1 826. He then went to Washington, and engaged in teaching school, and study- ing law under the instruction of William Wirt. He was licensed to practice in 1829, and went to Cincinnati, where he had a hard struggle for several years following. He had in the meantime prepared notes on the statutes of Ohio, which, when published, brought him into prominence locally. He was soon after appointed solicitor of the United States Bank. In 1837 he appeared as counsel for a fugitive slave woman, Ma- tilda, and sought by all the powers of his learning and eloquence to prevent her owner 66 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRA I'll Y from reclaiming her. He acted in many other cases, and devolved the trite expres- sion, "Slavery is sectional, freedom is na- tional." He was employed to defend Van Zandt before the supreme court of the United States in 1846, which was one of the most noted cases connected with the great strug- gle against slavery. By this time Mr. Chase had become the recognized leader of that element known as " free-soilers." He was elected to the United States senate in 1849, and was chosen governor of Ohio in 1855 and re-elected in 1857. He was chosen to the United States senate from Ohio in 1861, but was made secretary of the treasury by Lincoln and accepted. He inaugurated a financial system to replenish the exhausted treasury and meet the demands of the great- est war in history and at the same time to revive the industries of the country. One of the measures which afterward called for his judicial attention was the issuance of currency notes which were made a legal tender in payment of debts. When this question came before him as chief-justice of the United States he reversed his former action and declared the measure unconstitu- tional. The national banking system, by which all notes issued were to be based on funded government bonds of equal or greater amounts, had its direct origin with Mr. Chase. Mr. Chase resigned the treasury port- folio in 1864, and was appointed the same year as chief-justice of the United States supreme court. The great questions that came up before him at this crisis in the life of the nation were no less than those which confronted the first chief-justice at the for- mation of our government. Reconstruction, private, state and national interests, the constitutionality of the acts of congress passed in times of great excitement, the construction and interpretation to be placed upon the several amendments to the national constitution, — these were among the vital questions requiring prompt decision. He received a paralytic stroke in 1870, which impaired his health, thcugh his mental powers were not affected. He continued to preside at the opening terms for two years iollowing and died May 7, 1873. HARRfET ELIZABETH BEECHER STOWE, a celebrated American writ; er, was born June 14, 1812, at Litchfield, Connecticut. She was a daughter of Lyman Beecher and a sister of Henry Ward Beecher, two noted divines; was carefully educated, and taught school for several years at Hart- ford, Connecticut. In 1832 Miss Beecher married Professor Stowe, then of Lane Semi- nary, Cincinnati, Ohio, and afterwards at Bowdoin College and Andover Seminary. Mrs. Stowe published in 1849 "The May- flower, or sketches of the descendants of the Pilgrims," and in 1851 commenced in the "National Era "of Washington, a serial story which was published separately in 1852 under the title of "Uncle Tom's Cabin." This book attained almost unparalleled success both at home and abroad, and within ten years it had been translated in almost every lan- guage of the civilized world. Mrs. Stowe pub- lished in 1853 a "Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin" in which the data that she used was published and its truthfulness was corroborated. In 1853 she accompanied her husband and brother to Europe, and on her return pub- lished ' ' Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands " in 1854. Mrs. Stowe was for some time one of the editors of the " Atlantic Monthly " and the " Hearth and Home," for which she had written a number of articles. Among these, also published separately, are " Dred, a tale of the Great Dismal Swamp " (later published under the title of " Nina COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 67 Gordon"); "The Minister's Wooing;" "The Pearl of Orr's Island;" "Agnes of Sorrento;" "Oldtown Folks;" " My Wife and I;" "Bible Heroines," and "A Dog's Mission." Mrs. Stowe's death occurred July I, 1896, at Hartford, Connecticut. THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON, bet- ter known as "Stonewall" Jackson, was one of the most noted of the Confeder- ate generals of the Civil war. He was a soldier by nature, an incomparable lieuten- ant, sure to execute any operation entrusted to him with marvellous precision, judgment and courage, and all his individual cam- paigns and combats bore the stamp of a masterly capacity for war. He was born January 21, 1824, at Clarksburg, Harrison county, West Virginia. He was early in life imbued with the desire to be a soldier and it is said walked from the mountains of Virginia to Washington, secured the aid of his congressman, and was appointed cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point from which he was graduated in 1846. Attached to the army as brevet sec- ond lieutenant of the First Artillery, his first service was as a subaltern with Magruder's battery of light artillery in the Mexican war. He participated at the reduction of Vera Cruz, and was noticed for gallantry in the battles of Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Moline del Rey, Chapultepec, and the capture of the city of Mexico, receiving the brevets of captain for conduct at Contreras and Cher- ubusco and of major at Chapultepec. In the meantime he had been advanced by regular promotion to be first lieutenant in 1847. In 1852, the war having closed, he resigned and became professor of natural and experimental philosophy and artillery instructor at the Virginia State Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia, where he remained until Virginia declared for seces- sion, he becoming chiefly noted for intense religious sentiment coupled with personal eccentricities. Upon the breaking out of the war he was made colonel and placed in command of a force sent to sieze Harper's Ferry, which he accomplished May 3, 1861. Relieved by General J. E. Johnston, May 23, he took command of the brigade of Valley Virginians, whom he moulded into that brave corps, baptized at the first Manassas, and ever after famous as the "Stonewall Brigade." After this "Stone- wall " Jackson was made a major-general, in 1 861, and participated until his death in all the famous campaigns about Richmond and in Virginia, and was a conspicuous fig- ure in the memorable battles of that time. May 2, 1863, at Chancellorsville, he wae wounded severely by his own troops, two balls shattering his left arm and another passing through the palm of his right hand. The left arm was amputated, but pneumonia intervened, and, weakened by the great loss of blood, he died May 10, 1863. The more his operations in the Shenandoah valley in 1862 are studied the more striking must the merits of this great soldier appear. JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER.— Near to the heart of the people of the Anglo-Saxon race will ever lie the verses of this, the "Quaker Poet." The author of "Barclay of Ury," "Maud Muller" and, "Barbara Frietchie," always pure, fervid and direct, will be remembered when many a more ambitious writer has been forgotten. John G. Whittier was born at Haver- hill, Massachusetts, December 7, 1807. of Quaker parentage. He had but a common- school education and passed his boyhood days upon a farm. In early life he learned the trade of shoemaker. At the age of 68 ( OMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. eighteen he began to write verses for the Haverhill " Gazette." He spent two years after that at the Haverhill academy, after which, in 1829, he became editor of the "American Manufacturer," at Boston. In 1830 he succeeded George D. Prentice as editor of the "New England Weekly Re- view," but the following year returned to Haverhill and engaged in farming. In 1832 and in 1836 he edited the " Gazette." In 1835 he was elected a member of the legis- lature, serving two years. In i836he became secretary of the Anti-slavery Society of Phil- adelphia. In 1838 and 1839 he edited the " Pennsylvania Freeman," but in the latter year the office was sacked and burned by a mob. In 1840 Whittier settled at Ames- bury, Massachusetts. In 1847 he became corresponding editor of the " National Era," an anti-slavery paper published at Washing- ton, and contributed to its columns many of his anti-slavery and other favorite lyrics. Mr. Whittier lived for many years in retire- ment of Quaker simplicity, publishingseveral volumes of poetry which have raised him to a high place among American authors and brought to him the love and admiration of his countrymen. In the electoral colleges of i860 and 1864 Whittier was a member. Much of his time after 1876 was spent at Oak Knoll, Danvers, Massachusetts, but still retained his residence at Amesbury. He never married. His Geath occurred Sep- tember 7, 1892. The more prominent prose writings of John G. Whittier are as follows: "Legends of New England," "Justice and Expediency, or Slavery Considered with a View to Its Abo- lition," " The Stranger in Lowell," "Super- naturalism in New England," " Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal," "Old Portraits and Modern Sketches" and " Literary Sketches." DAVID DIXON PORTER, illustrious as admiral of the United States navy, and famous as one of the most able naval offi- cers of America, was born in Pennsylvania, June 8, 18 14. His father was also a naval officer of distinction, who left the service of the United States to become commander of the naval forces of Mexico during the war between that country and Spain, and through this fact David Dixon Porter was appointed a midshipman in the Mexican navy. Two years later David D. Porter joined the United States navy as midship- man, rose in rank and eighteen years later as a lieutenant he is found actively engaged in all the operations of our navy along the east coast of Mexico. When the Civil war broke out Porter, then a commander, was dispatched in the Powhattan to the relief of Fort Pickens, Florida. This duty accom- plished, he fitted out a mortar flotilla for the reduction of the forts guarding the ap- proaches to New Orleans, which it was con- sidered of vital importance for the govern- ment to get possession of. After the fall of New Orleans the mortar flotilla was actively engaged at Vicksburg, and in the fall of 1862 Porter was made a rear-admiral and placed in command of all the naval forces on the western rivers above New Orleans. The ability of the man was now con- spicuously manifested, not only in the bat- tles in which he was engaged, but also in the creation of a formidable fleet out of river steamboats, which he covered with such plating as they would bear. In 1864 he was transferred to the Atlantic coast to command the naval forces destined to oper- ate against the defences of Wilmington, North Carolina, and on Jan. 15, 18C5, the fall of Fort Fisher was hailed by the country as a glorious termination of his arduous war service. In 1 866 he was made vice-admiral COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 6v, and appointed superintendent of the Naval Academy. On the death of Farragut, in 1870, he succeeded that able man as ad- miral of the navy. His death occurred at Washington, February 13, 1891. NATHANIEL GREENE was one of the best known of the distinguished gen- erals who led the Continental soldiery against the hosts of Great Britain during the Revolutionary war. He was the son of Quaker parents, and was born at War- wick, Rhode Island, May 27, 1742. In youth he acquired a good education, chiefly by his own efforts, as he was a tireless reader. In 1770 he was elected a member . of the Assembly of his native state. The news of the battle of Lexington stirred his blood, and he offered his services to the government of the colonies, receiving the rank of brigadier-general and the com- mand of the troops from Rhode Island. He led them to the camp at Cambridge, and for thus violating the tenets of their faith, he was cast out of the Society of Friends, or Quakers. He soon won the es- teem of General Washington. In August, 1776, Congress promoted Greene to the rank of major-general, and in the battles of Trenton and Princeton he led a division. At the battle of Brandy wine, September 1 1, 1777, he greatly distinguished himself, pro- tecting the retreat of the Continentals by his firm stand. At the battle of German- town, October 4, the same year, he com- manded the left wing of the army with credit. In March, 1778, he reluctantly ac- cepted the office of quartermaster-general, but only with the understanding that his rank in the army would not be affected and that in action he should retain his command. On the bloody field of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, he commanded the right wing, as he did at the battle of Tiverton Heights. He was in command of the army in 1780, dur- ing the absence of Washington, and was president of the court-martial that tried and condemned Major Andre. After General Gates' defeat at Camden, North Carolina, in the summer of 1780, General Greene was ap- pointed to the command of the southernarmy. He sent out a force under General Morgan who defeated General Tarleton at Cowpens, January 17, 1781. On joining his lieuten- ant, in February, he found himself out num- bered by the British and retreated in good order to Virginia, but being reinforced re- turned to North Carolina where he fought the battle of Guilford, and a few days later compelled the retreat of Lord Cornwallis. The British were followed by Greene part of the way, when the American army marched into South Carolina. After vary- ing success he fought the battle of Eutaw Springs, September 8, 1781. For the latter battle and its glorious consequences, which virtually closed the war in the Carolinas, Greene received a medal from Congress and many valuable grants of land from the colonies of North and South Carolina and Georgia. On the return of peace, after a year spent in Rhode Island, General Greene took up his residence on his estate near Savannah, Georgia, where he died June 19, 1786. EDGAR ALLEN POE.— Among the many great literary men whom this country has produced, there is perhaps no name more widely known than that of Ed- gar Allen Poe. He was born at Boston, Massachusetts, February 19, 1809. His parents were David and Elizabeth (Arnold) Poe, both actors, the mother said to have been the natural daughter of Benedict Ar- nold. The parents died while Edgar was 70 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. still a child and he was adopted by John Allen, a wealthy and influential resident of Richmond, Virginia. Edgar was sent to school at Stoke, Newington, England, where he remained until he was thirteen years old; was prepared for college by pri- vate tutors, and in 1826 entered the Virginia University at Charlottesville. He made rapid progress in his studies, and was dis- tinguished for his scholarship, but was ex- pelled within a year for gambling, after which for several years he resided with his benefactor at Richmond. He then went to Baltimore, and in 1829 published a 71 -page pamphlet called " Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems," which, however, at- tracted no attention and contained nothing of particular merit. In 1830 he was ad- mitted as a cadet at West Point, but was expelled about a year later for irregulari- ties. Returning to the home of Mr. Allen he remained for some time, and finally quarrelled with his benefactor and enlisted as a private soldier in the U. S. army, but remained only a short time. Soon after this, in 1833, Poe won several prizes for literary work, and as a result secured the position of editor of frhe "Southern Liter- ary Messenger," at Richmond, Virginia. Here he married his cousin, Virginia Clemm, who clung to him with fond devo- tion through all the many trials that came to them until her death in January, 1848. Poe remained with the "Messenger" for several years, writing meanwhile many tales, reviews, essays and poems. He aft- erward earned a precarious living by his pen in New York for a time; in 1839 be- came editor of "Burton's Gentleman's Magazine" ; in 1840 to 1842 was editor of " Graham's Magazine," and drifted around from one place to another, returning to New York in 1844. In 1845 his best known production, "The Raven," appeared in the "Whig Review, " and gained him a reputation which is now almost world-wide. He then acted as editor and contributor on various magazines and periodicals until the death of his faithful wife in 1S48. In the summer of 1849 he was engaged to be mar- ried to a lady of fortune in Richmond, Vir- ginia, and the day set for the wedding. He started for New York to make prepara- tions for the event, but, it is said, began drinking, was attacked with dilirium tre- mens in Baltimore and was removed to a hospital, where he died, October 7, 1849. The works of Edgar Allen Poe have been repeatedly published since his death, both in Europe and America, and have attained an immense popularity. HORATIO GATES, one of the prom- inent figures in the American war for Independence, was not a native of the col- onies but was born in England in 1728. In early life he entered the British army and attained the rank of major. At the capture of Martinico he was aide to General Monk- ton and after the peace of Aix la Chapelle, in 174S, he was among the first troops that landed at Halifax. He was with Braddock at his defeat in 1755, and was there severe- ly wounded. At the conclusion of the French and Indian war Gates purchased an estate in Virginia, and, resigning from the British army, settled down to life as a planter. On the breaking out of the Rev- olutionary war he entered the service of the colonies and was made adjutant-general of the Continental forces with the rank ol brigadier-general. He accompanied Wash- ington when he assumed the command ol the army. In June, 1776, he was appoint- ed to the command of the army of Canada, but was superseded in May of the following COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 71 year by General Schuyler. In August, 1777, however, the command of that army was restored to General Gates and Septem- ber 19 he fought the battle of Bemis Heights. October 7, the same year, he won the battle of Stillwater, or Saratoga, and October 17 received the surrender of General Burgoyne and his army, the pivotal point of the war. This gave him a brilliant reputation. June 13, 1780, General Gates was appointed to the command of the southern military division, and August 16 of that year suffered defeat at the hands of Lord Cornwallis, at Camden, North Car- olina. In December following he was superseded in the command by General Nathaniel Greene. On the signing of the peace treaty Gen- eral Gates retired to his plantation in Berkeley county, Virginia, where he lived until 1790* when, emancipating all his slaves, he removed to New York City, where he resided until his death, April 10, 1806. LYMAN J. GAGE.— When President Mc- Kinley selected Lyman J. Gage as sec- retary of the treasury he chose one of the most eminent financiers of the century. Mr. Gage was born June 28, 1836, at De Ruy- ter, Madison county, New York, and was of English descent. He went to Rome, New York, with his parents when he was ten years old, and received his early education in the Rome Academy. Mr. Gage gradu- ated from the same, and his first position was that of a clerk in the post office. When he was fifteen years of age he was detailed as mail agent on the Rome & Watertown R. R. until the postmaster-general appointed regular agents for the route. In 1854, when he was in his eighteenth year, he entered the Oneida Central Bank at Rome as a junior clerk at a salary of one hundred dol- lars per year. Being unable at the end of one year and a half's service to obtain an increase in salary he determined to seek a wider field of labor. Mr. Gage set out in the fall of 1 85 5 and arrived in Chicago, Illinois, on October 3, and soon obtained a situation in Nathan Cobb's lumber yard and planing mill. He remained there three years as a bookkeeper, teamster, etc., and left on account of change in the management. But not being able to find anything else to do he accepted the position of night watchman in the place for a period of six weeks. He then became a bookkeeper for the Mer- chants Saving, Loan and Trust Company at a salary of five hundred dollars per year. He rapidly advanced in the service of this company and in 1868 he was made cashier. Mr. Gage was next offered the position of cashier of the First National Bank and ac- cepted the offer. He became the president of the First National Bank of Chicago Jan- uary 24, 1 89 1, and in 1897 he was appointed secretary of the treasury. His ability as a financier and the prominent part he took in the discussion of financial affairs while presi- dent of the great Chicago bank gave him a national reputation. ANDREW JACKSON, the seventh pres- ident of the United States, was born at the Waxhaw settlement, Union county, North Carolina, March 15, 1767. His parents were Scotch-Irish, natives of Carr- ickfergus, who came to this country in 1665 and settled on Twelve-Mile creek, a trib- utary of the Catawba. His father, who was a poor farm laborer, died shortly be- fore Andrew's birth, when the mother re- moved to Waxhaw, where some relatives lived. Andrew's education was very limited, he showing no aptitude for study. In 1780 when but thirteen years of age, he and his 72 COMPEXDJL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. brother Robert volunteered to serve in the American partisan troops under General Sumter, and witnessed the defeat at Hang- ing Rock. The following year the boys were both taken prisoners by the enemy and endured brutal treatment from the British officers while confined at Camden. They both took the small pox, when the mother procured their exchange but Robert died shortly after. The mother died in Charleston of ship fever, the same year. Young Jackson, now in destitute cir- cumstances, worked for about six months in a saddler's shop, and then turned school master, although but little fitted for the position. He now began to think of a pro- fession and at Salisbury, North Carolina, entered upon the study of law, but from all accounts gave but little attention to his books, being one of the most roistering, rollicking fellows in that town, indulging in many of the vices of his time. In 1786 he was admitted to the bar and in 1788 re- moved to Nashville, then in North Carolina, with the appointment of public prosecutor, linn an office of little honor or emolument, but requiring much nerve, for which young Jackson was already noted. Two years later, when Tennessee became a territory he was appointed by Washington to the position of United States attorney for that district. In 1791 he married Mrs. Rachel Robards, a daughter of Colonel John Don- elson, who was supposed at the time to have been divorced from her former hus- band that year by act of legislature of Vir- ginia, but two years later, on finding that this divorce was not legal, and a new bill of separation being granted by the courts of Kentucky, they were remarried in 1 793- This was used as a handle by his oppo- nents in the political campaign afterwards. Jackson was untiring in his efforts as United States attorney and obtained much influence. He was chosen a member of the Constitu- tional Convention of 1796, when Tennessee became a state and was its first represent- ative in congress. In 1797 he was chosen United States senator, but resigned the fol- lowing year to accept a seat on the supreme court of Tennessee which he held until 1804. He was elected major-general of the militia of that state in 1801. In 1804. being unsuccessful in obtaining the govern- orship of Louisiana, the new territory, he retired from public life to the Hermitage, his plantation. On the outbreak of the war with Great Britain in 1S12 he tendered his services to the government and went to New Orleans with the Tennessee troops in January, 1S13. In March of that year he was ordered to disband his troops, but later marched against the Cherokee Indians, de- feating them at Talladega, Emuckfaw and Tallapoosa. Having now a national reputation, he was appointed major-general in the United States army and was sent against the British in Florida. He con- ducted the defence of Mobile and seized Pensacola. He then went with his troops to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he gained the famous victory of January 8, 181 5. In 1817-18 he conducted a war against the Seminoles, and in 1 82 1 was made governor of the new territory of Florida. In 1S23 he was elected United States senator, but in 1 824 was the contestant with J. O. Adams for the presidency. Four years later hi was elected president, and served two terms. In 1832 he took vigorous action against the nullifiers of South Carolina, and the next year removed the public money from tho United States bank. During his second term the national debt was extinguished. At the close of his administration he retired to the Hermitage, where he died Jui +5 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 73 ANDREW CARNEGIE, the largest manu- facturer of pig-iron, steel rails and coke in the world, well deserves a place among America's celebrated men. He was born November 25, 1 S 3 5 , at Dunfermline, Scotland, and emigrated to the United States with his father in 1845, settling in Pittsburg. Two years later Mr. Carnegie began his business career by attending a small station- ary engine. This work did not suit him and he became a telegraph messenger with the Atlantic and Ohio Co., and later he became an operator, and was one of the first to read telegraphic signals by sound. Mr. Carnegie was afterward sent to the Pittsburg office of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., as clerk to the superintendent and manager of the telegraph lines. While in this position he made the acquaintance of Mr. Woodruff, the inventor of the sleeping-car. Mr. Carnegie immediately became interested and was one of the organizers of the company for its con- struction after the railroad had adopted it, and the success of this venture gave him the nucleus of his wealth. He was promoted to the superintendency of the Pittsburg division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and about this time was one of the syndicate that purchased the Storey farm on Oil Creek which cost forty thousand dollars and in one year it yielded over one million dollars in cash dividends. Mr. Carnegie later was as- sociated with others in establishing a rolling- mill, and from this has grown the most ex- tensive and complete system of iron and steel industries ever controlled by one indi- vidual, embracing the Edgar Thomson Steel Works; Pittsburg Bessemer Steel Works; Lucy Furnaces; Union Iron Mills; Union Mill; Keystone Bridge Works; Hart- man Steel Works; Frick Coke Co.; Scotia Ore Mines. Besides directing his immense iron industries he owned eighteen English newspapers which he ran in the interest o; the Radicals. He has also devoted large sums of money to benevolent and educational purposes. In 1879 he erected commodious swimming baths for the people of Dunferm- line, Scotland, and in the following year gave forty thousand dollars for a free library. Mr. Carnegie gave fifty thousand dollars to Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1884 to found what is now called "Carnegie Lab- oratory, " and in 1SS5 gave five hundred thousand dollars to Pittsburg for a public library. He also gave two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for a music hall and librarj. in Allegheny City in 1886, and two hundred and fifty thousand dollars to Edinburgh, Scot- land, for a free library. He also established free libraries at Braddock, Pennsylvania, and other places for the benefit of his em- ployes. He also published the following works, "An American Four-in-hand in Britain;" "Round the World;" "Trium- phant Democracy; or Fifty Years'. March of the Republic." GEORGE H. THOMAS, the ■• Rock of Chickamauga," one of the besr known commanders during the late Civil war, was born in Southampton county, Virginia, July 31, 1 8 16, his parents being of Welsh and French origin respectively. In 1836 young Thomas was appointed a cadet at the Mili- tary Academy, at West Point, from which he graduated in 1840, and was promoted to the office of second lieutenant in the Third Artillery. Shortly after, with his company, he went to Florida, where he served for two years against the Seminole Indians. In 1 84 1 he was brevetted first lieutenant for gallant conduct. He remained in garrison in the south and southwest until 1845, at which date with the regiment he joined the army under General Taylor, and participat- 74 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY ed i- *he defense of Fort Brown, the storm- ing of Monterey and the battle of Buena Vista. After the latter event he remained in garrison, now brevetted major, until the close of the Mexican war. After a year spent in Florida, Captain Thomas was or- dered to West Point, where he served as in- structor until 1854. He then was trans- ferred to California. In May, 1855, Thom- as was appointed major of the Second Cav- alry, with whom he spent five years in Texas. Although a southern man, and surrounded by brother officers who all were afterwards f.n the Confederate service, Major Thomas never swerved from his allegiance to the government. A. S. Johnston was the col- onel of the regiment, R. E. Lee the lieuten- ant-colonel, and W. J. Hardee, senior ma- jor, while among the younger officers were Hood, Fitz Hugh Lee, Van Dorn and Kirby Smith. When these officers left the regi- ment to take up arms for the Confederate cause he remained with it, and April 17th, 1 86 1, crossed the Potomac into his native state, at its head. After taking an active part in the opening scenes of the war on the Poto- mac and Shenandoah, in August, 1861, he was promoted to be brigadier-general and transferred to the Army of the Cumberland. January 19-20, 1862, Thomas defeated Crittenden at Mill Springs, and this brought him into notice and laid the foundation of his fame. He continued in command of his division until September 20, 1862, except during the Corinth campaign when he com- manded the right wing of the Army of the Tennessee. He was in command of the latter at the battle of Perryville, also, Octo- ber 8, 1862. On the division of the Army of the Cum- berland into corps, January 9, 1863, Gen- eral Thomas was assigned to the command of the Fourteenth, and at the battle of Chick- amauga, after the retreat of Rosecrans. firmly held his own against the hosts of Gen- eral Bragg. A history of his services from that on would be a history of the war in the southwest. On September 27, 1864, Gen- eral Thomas was given command in Ten- nessee, and after organizing his army, de- feated General Hood in the battle of Nash- ville, December' 15 and 16, 1864. Much complaint was made before this on account of what they termed Thomas' slowness, and he was about to be superseded because he would not strike until he got ready, but when the blow was struck General Grant was the first to place on record this vindica- tion of Thomas judgment. He received a vote of thanks from Congress, and from the legislature of Tennessee a gold medal. Af- ter the close of the war General Thomas had command of several of the military di- visions, and died at San Francisco, Cali- fornia, March 28, 1870. GEORGE BANCROFT, one of the most eminent American historians, was a native of Massachusetts, born at Worcester, October 3, 1800, and a son of Aaron Bancroft, D. D. The father, Aaron Ban- croft, was born at Reading, Massachusetts, November 10, 1755. He graduated at Harvard in 1778, became a minister, and for half a century was rated as one of the ablest preachers in New England. He was also a prolific writer and published a number of works among which was " Life of George Washington." Aaron Bancroft died August 19. i839- The subject of our present biography, George Bancroft, graduated at Harvard in 1 81 7, and the following year entered the University of. Gottingen, where he studied history and philology under the most emi- nent teachers, and in 1820 received the de- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 75 gree of doctor of philosophy at Gottingen. Upon his return home he published a volume of poems, and later a translation of Heeren's "Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece." In 1834 he produced the first volume of his " History of the United States," this being followed by other vol- umes at different intervals later. This was his greatest work and ranks as the highest authority, taking its place among the great- est of American productions. George Bancroft was appointed secretary of the navy by President Polk in 1845, but resigned in 1846 and became minister pleni- potentiary to England. In 1849 he retired from public life and took up his residence at Washington, D. C. In 1867 he was ap- pointed United States minister to the court of Berlin and negotiated the treaty by which Ger- mans coming to the United States were re- leased from their allegiance to the govern- ment of their native land. In 1871 he was minister plenipotentiary to the German em- pire and served until 1874. The death of George Bancroft occurred January 17, 1891. GEORGE GORDON MEADE, a fa- vJ mous Union general, was born at Cadiz, Spain, December 30, 1S15, his father being United States naval agent at that port. After receiving a good education he entered the West Point Military Academy in 1 83 1. From here he was graduated June 30, 1835, and received the rank of second lieutenant of artillery. He par- ticipated in the Seminole war, but resigned from the army in October, 1836. He en- tered upon the profession of civil engineer, which he followed for several years, part of the time in the service of the government in making surveys of the mouth of the Missis- sippi river. His report and results of some experiments made by him in this service gained Meade much credit. He alsu was employed in surveying the boundary hue of Texas and the northeastern boundary line between the United States and Canada. In 1842 he was reappointed in the army to the position of second lieutenant of engineers. During the Mexican war he served with dis- tinction on the staff of General Taylor in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma and the storming of Monterey. He received his brevet of first lieutenant for the latter action. In 1851 he was made full first lieutenant in his corps; a captain in 1856, and major soon after. At the close of the war with Mexico he was employed in light' house construction and in geodetic surveys until the breaking out of the Rebellion, in which he gained great reputation. In August, 1 861, he was made brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in command of the second brigade of the Pennsylvania Reserves, a division of the First Corps in the Army of the Potomac. In the campaign of 1862, under McClellan, Meade took an active part, being present at the battles of Mechan- icsville, Gaines' Mill and Glendale, in the latter of which he was severely wounded. On rejoining his command he was given a division and distinguished himself at its head in the battles of South Mountain and Antie- tam. During the latter, on the wounding of General Hooker, Meade was placed in command of the corps and was himself slightly wounded. For servi ces he was promoted, November, 1862, to the rank of major-general of volunteers. On the recovery of General Hooker General Meade returned to his division and in December, 1862, at Fredericksburg, led an attack which penetrated Lee's right line and swept to his rear. Being outnumbered and un- supported, he finally was driven back. The same month Meade was assigned to the 76 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. command of the Fifth Corps, and at Chan- cellorsville in May, 1863, his sagacity and ability so struck General Hooker that when the latter asked to be relieved of the com- mand, in June of the same year, he nomi- nated Meade as his successor. June 28, 1863, President Lincoln commissioned Gen- eral Meade commander-in-chief of the Army of the Potomac, then scattered and moving hastily through Pennsylvania to the great and decisive battlefield at Gettysburg, at which he was in full command. With the victory on those July days the name of Meade will ever be associated. From that time until the close of the war he com- manded the Army of the Potomac. In 1864 General Grant, being placed at the head of all the armies, took up his quarters with the Army of the Potomac. From that time until the surrender of Lee at Appo- matox Meade's ability shone conspicuously, and his tact in the delicate position in lead- ing his army under the eye of his superior officer commanded the respect and esteem of General Grant. For services Meade was promoted to the rank of major-general, and on the close of hostilities, in July, 1865, was assigned to the command of the military division of the Atlantic, with headquarters at Philadelphia. This post he held, with the exception of a short period on detached duty in Georgia, until his death, which took place November 6, 1872. DAVID CROCKETT was a noted hunter and scout, and also one of the earliest of American humorists. He was born Au- gust 17, 1786, in Tennessee, and was one of the most prominent men of his locality, serving as representative in congress from 1X27 until 1 83 1. He attracted consider- able notice while a member of congress and was closely associated with General Jack- son, of whom he was a personal friend. He went to Texas and enlisted in the Texan army at the time of the revolt of Texas against Mexico and gained a wide reputa- tion as a scout. He was one of the famous one hundred and forty men under Colonel W. B. Travis who were besieged in Fort Alamo, near San Antonio, Texas, by Gen- eral Santa Anna with some five thousand Mexicans on February 23, 1S36. The fort was defended for ten days, frequent assaults being repelled with great slaughter, over one thousand Mexicans being killed or wounded, while not a man in the fort was injured. Finally, on March 6, three as- saults were made, and in the hand-to-hand fight that followed the last, the Texans were wofully outnumbered and overpowered. They fought desperately with clubbed mus- kets till only six were left alive, including W. B. Travis, David Crockett and James Bowie. These surrendered under promise of protection; but when they were brought before Santa Anna he ordered them all to be cut to pieces. HENRY WATTERSON, one of the most conspicuous figures in the history of American journalism, was born at Wash- ington, District of Columbia, February 16, 1840. His boyhood days were mostly spent in the city of his birth, where his father, Harvey M. Watterson, was editor of the "Union," a well known journal. Owing to a weakness of the eyes, which interfered with a systematic course of study, young Watterson was educated almost en- tirely at home. A successful college career was out of the question, but he acquired a good knowledge of music, literature and art from private tutors, but the most valuable part of the training he received was by as- sociating with his father and the throng or COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 1 1 public men whom he met in Washington in the stirring days immediately preceding the Civil war. He began his journalistic career at an early age as dramatic and musical critic, and in 1858, became editor of the "Democratic Review" and at the same time contributed to the "States," a journal of liberal opinions published in Washington. In this he remained until the breaking out of the war, when the "States," opposing the administration, was suppressed, and young Watterson removed to Tennessee. He next appears as editor of the Nashville "Republican Banner," the most influential paper in the state at that time. After the occupation of Nashville by the Federal troops, Watterson served as a volunteer staff officer in the Confederate' service until the close of the war, with the exception of a year spent in editing the Chattanooga "Rebel." On the close of the war he returned to Nashville and re- sumed his connection with the "Banner." After a trip to Europe he assumed control of the Louisville "Journal," which he soon combined with the "Courier" and the "Democrat" of that place, founding the well-known "Courier-Journal," the first number of which appeared November 8, 1868. Mr. Watterson also represented his district in congress for several years. PATRICK SARSFIELD GILMORE, one of the most successful and widely known bandmasters and musicians of the last half century in America, was born in Ballygar, Ireland, on Christmas day, 1829. He attended a public school until appren- ticed to a wholesale merchant at Athlone, of the brass band of which town he soon became a member. His passion for music conflicting with the duties of a mercantile life, his position as clerk was exchanged for that of musical instructor to the young sons of his employer. At the age of nineteen he sailed for America and two days after his arrival in Boston was put in charge of the band instrument department of a prominent music house. In the interests of the pub- lications of this house he organized a minstrel company known as "Ordway's Eolians," with which he first achieved success as a cornet soloist. Later on he was called the best E-flat cornetist in the United States. He became leader, successively, of the Suf- folk, Boston Brigade and Salem bands. During his connection with the latter he inaugurated the famous Fourth of July con- certs on Boston Common, since adopted as a regular programme for the celebration of Independence Day. In 1858 Mr. Gilmore founded the organization famous thereafter as Gilmore's Band. At the outbreak of the Civil war this band was attached to the Twenty-Fourth .Massachusetts Infantry. Later, when the economical policy of dis- pensing with music had proved a mistake, Gilmore was entrusted with the re-organiza- tion of state military bands, and upon his arrival at New Orleans with his own band was made bandmaster-general by General Banks. On the inauguration of Governor Hahn, later on, in Lafayette square, New Orleans, ten thousand children, mostly of Confederate parents, rose to the baton of Gilmore and, accompanied by, six hundred instruments, thirty-six guns and the united fire of three regiments of infantry, sang the Star-Spangled Banner, America and other patriotic Union airs. In June, 1867, Mr. Gilmore conceived a national musical festi- val, which was denounced as a chimerical undertaking, but he succeeded and June 15. 1869, stepped upon the stage of the Boston Colosseum, a vast structure erected for the occasion, and in the presence of over fifty 78 COMPENDIUM OE BIOGRAPHY. thousand people lifted his baton over an orchestra of one thousand and a chorus of ten thousand. On the 17th of June, 1872, he opened a still greater festival in Boston, when, in addition to an orchestra of two thousand and a chorus of twenty thousand, were present the Band of the Grenadier Guards, of London, of the Garde Repub- licaine, of Paris, of Kaiser Franz, of Berlin, and one from Dublin, Ireland, together with Johann Strauss, Franz Abt and many other soloists, vocal and instrumental. Gilmore's death occurred September 24, 1892. MARTIN VAN BUREN was the eighth president of the United States, 1837 to 1 84 1. He was of Dutch extraction, and his ancestors were among the earliest set- tlers on the banks of the Hudson. He was born December 5, 1782, at Kinderhook, New York. Mr. Van Buren took up the study of law at the age of fourteen and took an active part in political matters before he had attained his majority. He commenced the practice of law in 1803 at his native town, and in 1809 he removed to Hudson, Columbia county, New York, where he spent seven years gaining strength and wis- dom from his contentions at the bar with some of the ablest men of the profession. Mr. Van Buren was elected to the state senate, and from 181 5 until 18 19 he was at- torney-general of the state. He was re- elected to the senate in 18 16, and in 1818 he was one of the famous clique of politi- cians known as the "Albany regency." Mr. Van Buren was a member of the con- vention for the revision of the state consti- tution, in 1821. In the same year he was elected to the United States senate and served his term in a manner that caused his re-election to that body in 1827, but re- signed the following year as he had been elected governor of New York. Mr. Van Buren was appointed by President Jackson as secretary of state in March, 1829, but resigned in 1831, and during the recess of congress he was appointed minister to England. The senate, however, when it convened in December refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, he was nominated by the Democrats as their candidate for vice-presi- dent on the ticket with Andrew Jackson, and he was elected in the following Novem- ber. He received the nomination to suc- ceed President Jackson in 1836, as the Democratic candidate, and in the electoral college he received one hundred and seventy votes out of two hundred and eighty-three, and was inaugurated March 4, 1837. His administration was begun at a time of great business depression, and unparalled financial distress, which caused the suspension of specie payments by the banks. Nearly every bank in the country was forced to suspend specie payment, and no less than I two hundred and fifty-four business houses failed in New York in one week. The President urged the adoption of the inde- pendent treasury idea, which passed through the senate twice but each time it was de- feated in the house. However the measure ultimately became a law near the close of President Wan Buren's term of office. An- other important measure that was pas- was the pre-emption law that gave the act- ual settlers preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery had begun to assume great preponderance dur- ing this administration, and a great conflict was tided over by the passage of a resolu- tion that prohibited petitions or papers that in any way related to slavery to be acted upon. In the Democratic convention ot 1840 President Van Buren secured the nomination for re-election on that ticket COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 79 without opposition, but in the election he only received the votes of seven states, his opponent, W. H. Harrison, being elected president. In 1848 Mr. Van Buren was the candidate of the " Free-Soilers," but was unsuccessful. After this he retired from public life and spent the remainder of his life on his estate at Kinderhook, where he died July 24, 1862. W INFIELD SCOTT, a distinguished American general, was born June 13, 1786, near Petersburg, Dinwiddie county, Virginia, and was educated at the William and Mary College. He studied law and was admitted to the bar, and in 1808 he accepted an appointment as captain of light artillery, and was ordered to New Orleans. In June, 1 81 2, he was promoted to be lieutenant- colonel, and on application was sent to the frontier, and reported to General Smyth, near Buffalo. He was made adjutant-gen- eral with the rank of a colonel, in March, 1 8 1 3, and the same month attained the colo- nelcy of his regiment. He participated in the principal battles of the war and was wounded many times, and at the close of the war he was voted a gold medal by con- gress for his services. He was a writer of considerable merit on military topics, and he gave to the military science, "General Regulations of the Army " and " System of Infantry and Rifle Practice." He took a prominent part in the Black Hawk war, and at the beginning of the Mexican war he was appointed to take the command of the army. Gen. Scott immediately assembled his troops at Lobos Island from which he moved by transports to Vera Cruz, which he took March 29, 1847, and rapidly fol- lowed up his first success. He fought the battles of Cerro Gordo and Jalapa, both of which he won, and proceeded to Pueblo where he was preceded by Worth's division which had taken the town and waited for the coming of Scott. The army was forced to wait here for supplies, and August 7th, General Scott started on his victorious march to the city of Mexico with ten thou- sand, seven hundred and thirty-eight men. The battles of Contreras, Cherubusco and San Antonio were fought August 19-20, and on the 24th an armistice was agreed upon, but as the commissioners could not agree on the terms of settlement, the fight- ing was renewed at Molino Del Rey, and the Heights of Chapultepec were carried by the victorious army of General Scott. He gave the enemy no respite, however, and vigorously followed up his advantages. On September 14, he entered the City of Mexico and dictated the terms of surrender in the very heart of the Mexican Republic. General Scott was offered the presidency of the Mexican Republic, but declined. Con- gress extended him a vote of thanks and ordered a gold medal be struck in honor of his generalship and bravery. He was can- didate for the presidency on the Whig plat- form but was defeated. He was honored by having the title of lieutenant-general con- ferred upon him in 1855. At the beginning of the Civil war he was too infirm to take charge of the army, but did signal service in be- half of the government. He retired from the service November 1, 1861, and in 1864 he published his "Autobiography." Gen- eral Scott died at West Point, May 29, 1866, EDWARD EVERETT HALE for man/ years occupied a high place among the most honored of America's citizens. As a preacher he ranks among the foremost in the New England states, but to the gen- eral public he is best known through his writings. Born in Boston, Mass., April 3, 80 COMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. 1822, a descendant of one of the most prominent New England families, he enjoyed in his youth many of the advantages denied the majority of boys. He received his pre- paratory schooling at the Boston Latin School, after which he finished his studies at Harvard where he was graduated with high honors in 1839. Having studied theology at home, Mr. Hale embraced the ministry and in 1846 became pastor of a Unitarian church in Worcester, Massachusetts, a post which he occupied about ten years. He then, in 1S56, became pastor of the South Congregational church in Boston, over which he presided many years. Mr. Hale also found time to write a great many literary works of a high class. .Mnong many other well-known productions ?f his are " The Rosary," " Margaret Per- cival in America." "Sketches of Christian tory," "Kansas and Nebraska," "Let- ters on Irish Emigration," " Ninety Days' Worth of Europe," " If, Yes, and Perhaps," "Ingham Papers," "Reformation," "Level 8est and Other Stories, " " Ups and Downs, " "Christmas I've and Christmas Day," " In His Name," "Our New Crusade," "Work- ingmen's Homes," " Boys' Heroes," etc., etc., besides many others which might be mentioned. One of his works, "In His Name," has earned itself enduring fame by the good deeds it has called forth. The numerous associations known as ' "The King's Daughters," which has accomplished much good, owe their existence to the story men- tioned. DAVID GLASCOE FARRAGUT stands pre-eminent as one of the greatest na- val officers of the world. He was born at Campbell's Station, East Tennessee, July 5, 1801, and entered the navy of the United States as a midshipman. He had the good fortune to serve under Captain David Por- ter, who commanded the " Essex," and by whom he was taught the ideas of devotion to duty from which he never swerved dur- ing all his career. In 1823 Mr. Farragut took part in a severe fight, the result of which was the suppression of piracy in the West Indies. He then entered upon the regular duties of his profession which was only broken into by a year's residence with Charles Folsom, our consul at Tunis, who was afterwards a distinguished professor at Harvard. Mr. Farragut was one of the best linguists in the navy. He had risen through the different grades of the service until the war of 1861-65 found him a captain resid- ing at Norfolk. Virginia. He removed with his family to Hastings, on the Hudson, and hastened to offer his services to the Federal government, and as the capture of New Orleans had been resolved upon, Farragut was chosen to command the expedition. His force consisted of the West Gulf block- ading squadron and Porter's mortar flotilla. In January, 1862, he hoisted his pennant at the mizzen peak of the "Hartford" at Hampton roads, set sail from thence on the 3rd of February and reached Ship Island on the 20th of the same month. A council of war was held on the 20th of April, in which it was decided that whatever was to be done must be done quickly. The signal was made from the flagship and accordingly the fleet weighed anchor at 1:55 on the morning of April 24th, and at 3:30 the whole force was under way. The history of this brilliant stm gleiswellknown.andtheglory ofit made Far- ragut a hero and also made him rear admir- al. In the summer of 1S62 he ran the batteries at Yicksburg, and on March 14. 1863, !.•• passed through the fearful and destructive fire from Port Hudson, and opened up com- munication with Flag-officer Porter, who COMPENDIUM <>/■■ BIOGRAPHY. m had control <>f the upper Mississippi. On May 24th he commenced active operations against that f<>i I in conjunction with the army and it fell on July 9th. Mr. Farragut filled the measure >>i Ins fame mi tin- 5th <>f Au- gust, 1864, by his greal victory, the capture o[ Mobile l lay and 1 he desl 1 ucl ii in <>i the < onfederate fleet , including the formidable 1. mi I MiM issee F01 tins \ i> torj the rank ol admiral was given to Mi. Farragut. ll<' (lirit.it Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Au gusl 4, [870. GEORGE W. CHILDS, a philanthropist whose remarkable personality stood tin 1 he besl and highest type ol Amei i< an ■ ii 1 enship, and whose whi ile life was an objecl lesson in noble living, was boi n in 1 8 ''i at I laltimore, Mai j land, of humble parents, and spenl liis early life in unremil till f_^ toil, lli' was a sell made man in the fullesl sense ol the word, and gained his great wealth by his own efforts, He was a man ol vei v great influence, and this, in conjunction with his wealth, would have been, in the hands ol other men, a means ol getting them political preferment, but Mr. Childs steadily declined anj suggestions that would bring him to figure prominently in public affairs, I fe did not choose to found a financial dynasty, but devoted all his powers to the helping ol others, with the most enlightened beneficence and broadest sympathy, Mi Childs once rem, irked thai In. greatest pleasure in hie was in doing ■I .ml to oi hers. I If always despised mean ness, and one of his objects oi life was to prove that a man could he liberal and SUl resslnl at the same tune. I'poii these hues Mr. Childs made a name ha linn. ell as the ■ In. ■ I. a oi one of the representath e new s papers o 1 America, "The Philadelphia Pub- lic I edgei , " w In. h w as owned jointly h\ himself anil the Drexel estate, and which he edited for thirty years. He acquired con- trol of the paper at a tune when it was be ili£ published at a heavy loss, sel it upon a firm basis of prosperity, and he made it more than a money-making machine — he made it respeeled as an exponent ,.l the best sal.' "I p. .ih s m, .ind il stands as a monument to Ins sound judgment and up- right business principles. Mr. Childs* char- table repute brought him many applications lor .is 1 itance, and he never refused to help any one that was deserving of aid; and not only did he help lllose who asked, but hi' would h\ 1. mini inquiry find those who needed .lid hilt were too proud to Solicit it. I le was a considerable employer of laboi and his liberality Was almost unparalleled I he death of this greal and good man oc- elli ie.1 Febi n.ii v 3d, 1 894. PA I KICK HENRY won Ins way to 1111 dying lame ill the annals of the early history of tin; United Slates by introducing into the house of burgesses his l.imons I. Iniion against the Stamp Act, which hecar- ried through, alter a stormy debate, by a majority of one, At this time he exclaimed •• Caesar had his Brutus, (diaries I Ins Crom- well and ( reorge III" (here he was intei rupted by cries of " treason ") " maj profit by their example. II tllis be lie. IS on make the most ol it ." Patrick Henry was bom at Studley, Hanover county, Virginia, May 29, 1; ami was a son ol Colonel |ohn Henry, a magistrate and school teacher ol Aberdeen, Scotland, and a nephew ol Robertson, the historian. He received his education from his lather, and was in. lined at the age oi eighteen. I fe was t« 1. . banki upted before he had reached his t went \ loin I h year, when after six weeks ol study he was admitted to 84 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPI/r. the bar. He worked for three years with- out a case and finally was applauded for his plea ior the people's rights and gained im- mense popularity. After his famous Stamp Act resolution he was the leader of the pa- triots in Virginia. In 1769 he was admitted to practice in the general courts and speed- ily won a fortune by his distinguished ability as a speaker. He was the first speaker of the General Congress at Philadelphia in 1774. He was for a time a colonel of militiain 1775, and from 1776 to 1779 and 1 78 1 to 1786 he was governor of Virginia. For a number of years he retired from pub- lic life and was tendered and declined a number of important political offices, and in March, 1789, he was elected state senator but aid not take his seat on account of his death which occurred at Red Hill, Charlotte county, Virginia, June 6, 1799. BENEDICT ARNOLD, an American general and traitor of the Revolution- ary war, is one of the noted characters in American history. He was born in Nor- wich, Connecticut, January 3, 1740. He ran away and enlisted in the army when young, but deserted in a short time. He then became a merchant at New Haven, Connecticut, but failed. In 1775 ne was commissioned colonel in the Massachusetts militia, and in the autumn of that year was placed in command of one thousand men for the invasion of Canada. He marched his army through the forests of Maine and joined General Montgomery before Quebec. Their combined forces attacked that city on December 31, 1775, and Montgomery was killed, and Arnold, severely wounded, was compelled to retreat and endure a rigorous winter a few miles from the city, where they were at the mercy of the Canadian troops had they cared to attack them. On his re- turn he was raised to the rank of brigadier- general. He was given command of a small flotilla on Lake Champlain, with which he encountered an immense force, and though defeated, performed many deeds of valor. He resented the action of congress in pro- moting a number of his fellow officers and neglecting himself. In 1777 he was made major-general, and under General Gates at Bemis Heights fought valiantly. For some reason General Gates found fault with his conduct and ordered him under arrest, and he was kept in his tent until the battle of Stillwater was waxing hot, when Arnold mounted his horse and rode to the front of his old troop, gave command to charge, and rode like a mad man into the thickest of the fight and was not overtaken by Gates' courier until he had routed the enemy and fell wounded. Upon his recovery he was made general, and was placed in command at Philadelphia. Here he married, and his acts of rapacity soon resulted in a court- martial. He was sentenced to be repri- manded by the commander-in-chief, and though Washington performed this duty with utmost delicacy and consideration, it was never forgiven. Arnold obtained com- mand at West Point, the most important post held by the Americans, in 1780, and immediately offered to surrender it to Sir Henry Clinton, British commander at New York. Major Andre was sent to arrange details with Arnold, but on his return trip to New York he was captured by Americans, the plot was detected, and Andre suffered the death penalty as a spy. Arnold es- caped, and was paid about $40,000 by the British for his treason and was made briga- dier-general. He afterward commanded an expedition that plundered a portion of Vir- ginia, and another that burned New Lon- don, Connecticut, and captured Fort Trum- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 85 bull, the commandant of which Arnold mur- dered with the sword he had just surren- dered. He passed the latter part of his life in England, universally despised, and died in London June 14, 1801. ROBERT G. INGERSOLL, one of the most brilliant orators that America has produced, also a lawyer of considerable merit, won most of his fame as a lecturer. Mr. Ingersoll was born August 24, 1833, at Dryden, Gates county, New York, and received his education in the common schools. He went west at the age of twelve, and for a short time he attended an academy in Tennessee, and also taught school in that state. He began the practice of law in the southern part of Illinois in 1854. Colonel Ingersoll's principal fame was made in the lecture room by his lectures in which he ridiculed religious faith and creeds and criti- cised the Bible and the Christian religion. He was the orator of the day in the Decora- tion Day celebration in the city of New York in 1882 and his oration was widely com- mended. He first attracted political notice in the convention at Cincinnati in 1876 by his brilliant eulogy on James G. Blaine. He practiced law in Peoria, Illinois, for a num- ber of years, but later located in the city of New York. He published the follow- ing: "The Gods and other Lectures;" "The Ghosts;" "Some Mistakes of Moses;" "What Shall I Do To Be Saved;" "Inter- views on Talmage and Presbyterian Cate- chism ;" The "North American Review Controversy;" "Prose Poems;" "A Vision of War;" etc. JOSEPH ECCLESTON JOHNSTON, a noted general in the Confederate army, was born in Prince Edward county, Virginia, in 1S07. He graduated from West Point and entered the army in 1829. For a num- ber of years his chief service was garrison duty. He saw active service, however, in the Seminole war in Florida, part of the time as a staff officer of General Scott. He resigned his commission in 1837, but re- turned to the army a year later, and was brevetted captain for gallant services in Florida. He was made first lieutenant of topographical engineers, and was engaged in river and harbor improvements and also in the survey of the Texas boundary and the northern boundary of the United States until the beginning of the war with Mexico. He was at the siege of Vera Cruz, and at the battle of Cerro Gordo was wounded while reconnoitering the enemy's position, after which he was brevetted major and colonel. He was in all the battles about the city of Mexico, and was again wounded in the final assault upon that city. After the Mexican war closed he returned to duty as captain of topographical engineers, but in 1855 he was made lieutenant-colonel of cavalry and did frontier duty, and was ap- pointed inspector-general of the expedition to Utah. In i860 he was appointed quar- termaster-general with rank of brigadier- general. At the outbreak of hostilities in 1 86 1 he resigned his commission and re- ceived the appointment of major-general of the Confederate army. He held Harper's Ferry, and later fought General Patterson about Winchester. At the battle of Bull Run he declined command in favor of Beau- regard, and acted under that general's direc- tions. He commanded the Confederates in the famous Peninsular campaign, and was severely wounded at Fair Oaks and was succeeded in command by General Lee. Upon his recovery he was made lieutenant- g'eneral and assigned to the command of the southwestern department. He attempted 86 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAriiV. to raise the siege of Vicksburg, and was finally defeated at Jackson, Mississippi. Having been made a general he succeeded General Bragg in command of the army of Tennessee and was ordered to check General Sherman's advance upon Atlanta. Not daring to risk a battle with the overwhelm- ing forces of Sherman, he slowly retreated toward Atlanta, and was relieved of com- mand by Fresident Davis and succeeded by General Hood. Hood utterly destroyed his own army by three furious attacks upon Sherman. Johnston was restored to com- mand in the Carolinas, and again faced Sherman, but was defeated in several en- gagements and continued a slow retreat toward Richmond. Hearing of Lee's sur- render, he communicated with General Sherman, and finally surrendered his army at Durham, North Carolina, April 26, 1865. General Johnston was elected a member of the forty-sixth congress and was ap- pointed United States railroad commis- uer in 1885. His death occurred March 21, 1891. SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS, known throughout the civilized world as "Mark Twain,'' is recognized as one of the greatest humorists America has pro- duced. He was born in Monroe county, Missouri, November 30, 1835. He spent his boyhood days in his native state and many of his earlier experiences are related in vari- ous forms in his later writings. One of his early acquaintances, Capt. Isaiah Sellers, at an early day furnished river news for the New Orleans " Picayune," using the nom- dc- plume of "Mark Twain." Sellers died in 1863 and Clemens took up his nom-de- p/iiiuc and made it famous throughout the \vrld by his literary work. In 1862 Mr. Clemens became a journalist at Virginia, Nevada, and afterward followed the same pro- fession at San Francisco and Buffalo, New York. He accumulated a fortune from the sale of his many publications, but in later years engaged in business enterprises, partic- ularly the manufacture of a typesetting ma- chine, which dissipated his fortune and re- duced him almost to poverty, but with resolute heart he at once again took up his pen and engaged in literary work in the effort to regain his lost ground. Among the best known of his works may be mentioned the fol- lowing: ' ' The Jumping Frog, " ' ' Tom Saw- yer," " Roughing it,'" " Innocents Abroad," "Huckleberry Finn," "Gilded Age," "Prince and Pauper," "Million Pound Bank Note," "A Yankee in Ring Arthur's Court," etc. CHRISTOPHER CARSON, better known as "Rit Carson;" was an Amer- ican trapper and scout who gained a wide reputation for his frontier work. He was a native of Kentucky, born December 24th, 1809. He grew to manhood there, devel- oping a natural inclination for adventure in the pioneer experiences in his native state. When yet a young man he became quite well known on the frontier. He served as a guide to Gen. Fremont in his Rocky Mountain explorations and enlisted in the army. He was an officer in the United States service in both the Mexican war and the great Civil war, and in the latter received a brevet of brigadier-general for meritorious service. His death occurred May 23, JOHN SHERMAN.— Statesman, politi- cian, cabinet officer andsenator, the name of the gentleman who heads this sketch is al- most a household word throughout this country. Identified with some of the most COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 87 important measures adopted by our Govern- ment since the close of the Civil war, he may well be called one of the leading men of his day. John Sherman was born at Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, May ioth, 1823, the son of Charles R. Sherman, an emi- nent lawyer and judge of the supreme court of Ohio and who died in 1829. The subject of this article received an academic educa- tion and was admitted to the bar in 1844. In the Whig conventions of 1844 and 1848 he sat as a delegate. He was a member of the National house of representatives, from 1855 to 1861. In 1 S60 he was re- elected to the same position but was chosen United States senator before he took his seat in the lower house. He was re-elected senator in 1866 and 1872 and was long chairman of the committee on finance and on agriculture. He took a prominent part in debates on finance and on the conduct of the war, and was one of the authors of the reconstruction measures in 1866 and 1867, and was appointed secretary of the treas- ury March 7th, 1877. Mr. Sherman was re-elected United States senator from Ohio January 1 8th, 1881, and again in 1886 and 1892, during which time he was regarded as one of the most promi- nent leaders of the Republican party, both in the senate and in the country. He was several times the favorite of his state for the nomination for president. On the formation of his cabinet in March, 1897, President McKinley tendered the posi- tion of secretary of state to Mr. Sherman, which was accepted. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, ninth president of the United States, was born in Charles county, Virginia, February 9. 1773, the son of Governor Benjamin Harrison. He took a course in Hampden- Sidney College with a view to the practice of medicine, and then went to Philadelphia to study under Dr. Rush, but in 1791 he entered the army, and obtained the commis- sion of ensign, was soon promoted to the lieutenancy, and was with General Wayne in his war against the Indians. For his valuable service he was promoted to the rank of captain and given command of Fort Washington, now Cincinnati. He was ap- pointed secretary of the Northwest Territory in 1797, and in 1799 became its representa- tive in congress. In 1801 he was appointed governor of Indiana Territory, and held the position for twelve years, during which time he negotiated important treaties with the In- dians, causing them to relinquish millions of acres of land, and also won the battle of Tippecanoe in 181 1. He succeeded in obtaining a change in the law which did not permit purchase of public lands in less tracts than four thousand acres, reducing the limit to three hundred and twenty acres. He became major-general of Kentucky militia and brigadier-general in the United States army in 1S12, and won great renown in the defense of Fort Meigs, and his victory over the British and Indians under Proctor and Tecumseh at the Thames river, October 5- 1813- In 1 8 16 General Harrison was elected to congress from Ohio, and during the canvass was accused of corrupt methods in regard tc the commissariat of the army. He demanded an investigation after the election and was exonerated. In 18 19 he was elected to the Ohio state senate, and in 1824 he gave his vote as a presidential elector to Henry Clay. He became a member of the United States senate the same year. During the last year of Adams' administration he was sent as minister to Colombia, but was re- 88 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGR A /'//}' called by President Jackson the following year. He then retired to his estate at North Bend, Ohio, a few miles below Cincinnati. In 1X36 he was a candidate for the presidency, but as there were three other candidates the votes were divided, he receiving seventy- three electoral votes, a majority going to Mr. Van Buren, the Democratic candidate. Four years later General Harrison was again nominated by the Whigs, and elected by a tremendous majority. The campaign was noted for its novel features, many of which have found a permanent place in subsequent campaigns. Those peculiar to that cam- paign, however, were the " log-cabin " and •' hard cider" watchwords, which produced great enthusiasm among his followers. One month after his inauguration he died from an attack of pleurisy, April 4, 1841. CHARLES A. DANA, the well-known and widely-read journalist of New York City, a native of Hinsdale, New Hampshire, was born August 8, 1819. He received the elements of a good education in his youth and studied for two years at Harvard University. Owing to some disease of the eyes he was unable to complete his course and graduate, but was granted the degree of A. M. notwithstanding. For some time he was editor of the " Harbinger," and was a regular contributor to the Boston " Chrono- type." In 1847 he became connected with the New York ' ' Tribune, " and continued on the staff of that journal until 1858. In the hitter year he edited and compiled "The Household Book of Poetry," and later, in connection with George Ripley, edited the "New American Cyclopaedia." Mr. Dana, on severing his connection with the " Tribune " in 1867, became editor of the New York "Sun," a paper with which he was identified for many years, and which he made one of the leaders of thought in the eastern part of the United States. He wielded a forceful pen and fearlessly attacked whatever was corrupt and unworthy in politics, state or national. The same year, 1867, Mr. Dana organized the New York " Sun " Company. During the troublous days of the war, when the fate of the Nation depended upon the armies in the field, Mr. Dana accepted the arduous and responsible position of assistant secretary of war, and held the position during the greater part of 1863 and 1864. He died October 17, 1897. ASA GRAY was recognized throughout the scientific world as one of the ablest and most eminent of botanists. He was born at Paris, Oneida county, New York, November 18, 1810. He received his medi- cal degree at the Fairfield College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, in Herkimer count}-, New York, and studied botany with the late Professor Torrey, of New York. He was appointed botanist to the Wilkes expedition in 1834, but declined the offer and became professor of natural history in Harvard Uni- versity in 1842. He retired from the active duties of this post in 1873, and in 1874 he was the regent of the Smithsonian Institu- tion at Washington, District of Columbia. Dr. Gray wrote several books on the sub- ject of the many sciences of which he was master. In 1836 he published his " Ele- ments of Botany," " Manual of Botany" in 1848; the unfinished "Flora of North America," by himself and Dr. Torrey, the publication of which commenced in 1838. There is another of his unfinished works called "Genera Boreali-Americana, " pub- lished in 184S, and the "Botany of the United States Pacific Exploring Expedition in 1854." He wrote many elaborate papers COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 89 on the botany of the west and southwest that were published in the Smithsonian Con- tributions, Memoirs, etc., of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which in- stitution he was president for ten years, lie was also the author of many of the government reports. ' ' How Plants Grow, " " Lessons in Botany," "Structural and Sys- tematic Botany," are also works from his ready pen. Dr. Gray published in 1861 his "Free Examination of Darwin's Treatise " and his " Darwiniana," in 1876. Mr. Gray was elected July 29, 1878, to a membership in the Institute of France, Academy of Sciences. His death occurred at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts, January 30, 1889. WILLIAM MAXWELL EVARTS was one of the greatest leaders of the American bar. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, February 6, 181 8, and grad- uated from Yale College in 1837. He took up the study of law, which he practiced in the city of New York and won great renown as an orator and advocate. He affiliated with the Republican party, which he joined soon after its organization. He was the leading counsel employed for the defense of President Johnson in his trial for impeach- .nent before the senate in April and May of 1868. In July, 1868, Mr. Evarts was appointed attorney-general of the United States, and served until March 4, 1S69. He was one of the three lawyers who were selected by President Grant in 1S71 to defend the inter- ests of the citizens of the United States be- fore the tribunal of arbitration which met at Geneva in Switzerland to settle the con- troversy over the " Alabama Claims." He was one of the most eloquent advo- cates in the United States, and many of his public addresses have been preserved and published.' He was appointed secretary of state March 7, 1877, by President Hayes, and served during the Hayes administration. He was elected senator from the state of New York January 21, 1885, and at once took rank among the ablest statesmen in Congress, and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions gave him a national reputation. JOHN WANAMAKER.— The life of this great merchant demonstrates the fact that the great secret of rising from the ranks is, to-day, as in the past ages, not so m uch the ability to make money, as to save it, or in other words, the ability to live well within one's income. Mr. Wanamaker was born in Philadelphia in 1838. He started out in life working in a brickyard for a mere pit- tance, and left that position to work in a book store as a clerk, where he earned the sum of $5.00 per month, and later on was in the employ of a clothier where he received twenty-five cents a week more. He was only fifteen years of age at that time, but was a " money-getter " by instinct, and laid by a small sum for a possible rainy day. By strict attention to business, com- bined with natural ability, he was promoted many times, and at the age of twenty he had saved $2,000. After several months vacation in the south, he returned to Phila- delphia and became a master brick mason, but this was too tiresome to the young man, and he opened up the ' ' Oak Hall " clothing store in April, 1861, at Philadelphia. The capital of the firm was rather limited, but finally, after many discouragements, they laid the foundations of one of the largest business houses in the world. The estab- lishment covers at the present writing some, fourteen acres of floor space, and furnishes 00 COM PBND1 CM OF BIOGRAPHY. employment for five thousand persons. Mr. Wanamaker was also a great church worker, and built a church that cost him $60,000, and he was superintendent of the Sunday- school, which had a membership of over three thousand children. He steadily re- fused to run for mayor or congress and the only public office that he ever held was that of postmaster-general, under the Harrison administration, and here he exhibited his extraordinary aptitude for comprehending the details of public business. DAVID BENNETT HILL, a Demo- cratic politician who gained a na- tional reputation, was born August 29, 1843, at Havana, New York. He was educated at the academy of his native town, and removed to Elmira, New York, in 1862, where he studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1864, in which year he was ap- pointed city attorney. Mr. Hill soon gained a considerable practice, becoming prominent in his profession. He developed a taste for politics in which he began to take an active part in the different campaigns and became the recognized leader of the local Democ- racy. In 1870 he was elected a member of the assembly and was re-elected in 1872. While a member of this assembly he formed the acquaintance of Samuel J. Tilden, after- ward governor of the state, who appointed Mr. Hill, W. M. Evarts and Judge Hand as a committee to provide a uniform charter for the different cities of the state. The pressure of professional engagements com- pelled him to decline to serve. In 1877 Mr. Hill was made chairman of the Demo- cratic state convention at Albany, his elec- tion being due to the Tilden wing of the party, ana he he' \ the same position again in 1881. He served one term as alderman .n Elmira, at the expiration of which term, in 1S82, he was elected mayor of Elmira, and in September of the same year was nominated for lieutenant-governor on the Democratic state ticket. He was success- ful in the campaign and two years later, when Grover Cleveland was elected to the presidency, Mr. Hill succeeded to the gov- ernorship for the unexpired term. In 1885 he was elected governor for a full term of three years, at the end of which he was re- elected, his term expiring in 1891, in which year he was elected United States senator. In the senate he became a conspicuous figure and gained a national reputation. ALLEN G. THURMAN. — " The noblest Roman of them all *' was the title by which Mr. Thurman was called by his com- patriots of the Democracy. He was the greatest leader of the Democratic party in his day and held the esteem of all the people, regardless of their political creeds. Mr. Thurman was born November 13, 18 13, at Lynchburg, Virginia, where he remained until he had attained the age of six years, when he moved to Ohio. He received an academic education and after graduating, took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar in 1835, and achieved a brilliant success in that line. In political life he was very successful, and his first office was that of representative of the state of Ohio in the twenty-ninth congress. He was elected judge of the supreme court of Ohio in 1851, and was chief justice of the same from 1854 to 1856. In 1867 he was the choice of the Democratic party of his state for governor, and was elected to the United States senate in 1869 to succeed Benjamin F. Wade, and was re-elected to the same position in 1S/4. He was a prominent figure in the: senate, until the expiration of his service i l 1 88 1. Mr. Thurman was also one of the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 91 principal presidental possibilities in the Democratic convention held at St. Louis in 1876. In 1888 he was the Democratic nominee for vice-president on the ticket with Grover Cleveland, but was defeated. Allen Granberry Thurman died December 12, 1S95, a t Columbus, Ohio. CHARLES FARRAR BROWNE, better known as " Artemus Ward," was born April 26, 1834, m the village of Waterford, Maine. He was thirteen years old at the time of his father's death, and about a year later he was apprenticed to John M Rix, who published the "Coos County Dem- ocrat " at Lancaster, New Hampshire. Mr. Browne remained with him one year, when, hearing that his brother Cyrus was starting a paper at Norway, Maine, he left Mr. Rix and determined to get work on the new paper. He worked for his brother until the failure of the newspaper, and then went to Augusta, Maine, where he remained a few weeks and then removed to Skowhegan, and secured a position on the "Clarion." But either the climate or the work was not satisfactory to him, for one night he silently left the town and astonished his good mother by appearing unexpectedly at home. Mr. Browne then received some letters of recom- mendation to Messrs. Snow and Wilder, of Boston, at whose office Mrs. Partington's (B. P. Shillaber) ' ' Carpet Bag " was printed, and he was engaged and remained there for three years. He then traveled westward in search of employment and got as far as Til- fin, Ohio, where he found employment in the office of the "Advertiser," and remained there some months when he proceeded to Toledo, Ohio, where he became one of the staff of the "Commercial," which position he held until 1857. Mr. Browne next went to Cleveland, Ohio, and became the local editor of the "Plain Dealer," and it was in the columns of this paper that he published his first articles and signed them "Artemus Ward." In i860 he went to New York and became the editor of " Vanity Fair," but the idea of lecturing here seized him, and he was fully determined to make the trial. Mr. Browne brought out his lecture, "Babes in the Woods " at Clinton Hall, December 23, 1 861, and in 1862 he published his first book entitled, " Artemus Ward; His Book." He attained great fame as a lecturer and his lectures were not confined to America, for he went to England in 1866, and became exceedingly popular, both as a lecturer and a contributor to "Punch." Mr. Browne lectured for the last time January 23, 1867. He died in Southampton, England, March 6, 1867. THURLOW WEED, a noted journalist and politician, was born in Cairo, New York, November 15, 1797. He learned the printer's trade at the age of twelve years, and worked at this calling for several years in various villages in centra! New York. He served as quartermaster-sergeant during the war of 18 1 2. In 18 18 he established the "Agriculturist," at Norwich, New York; and became editor of the "Anti-Masonic Enquirer," at Rochester, in 1826. In the same year he was elected to the legislature and re-elected in 1830, when he located in Albany, New York, and there started the " Evening Journal," and conducted it in op- position to the Jackson administration and the nullification doctrines of Calhoun. Wt became an adroit party manager, and was instrumental in promoting the nominations of Harrison, Taylor and Scott for the pres- idency. In 1856 and in i860 he threw his support to W. H. Seward, but when defeat- ed in his object, he gave cordial support to 92 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Fremont and Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln pre- v? ; led upon him to visit the various capitals of Europe, where he proved a valuable aid tc the administration in moulding the opin- ions of the statesmen of that continent favorable to the cause of the Union. Mr. Weed's connection with the ' ' Even- ing Journal " was severed in 1862, when he settled in New York, and for a time edited the " Commercial Advertiser." In 1868 he retired from active life. His " Letters from Europe and the West Indies," published in 1 866, together with some interesting ' ' Rem- iniscences, " published in the "Atlantic Monthly," in 1870, an autobiography, and portions of an extensive correspondence will be of great value to writers of the political history of the United States. Mr. Weed died in New York, November 22, 1882. WILLIAM COLLINS WHITNEY, one of the prominent Democratic politicians of the country and ex-secretary of the navy, was born July 5th, 1841, at Con- way, Massachusetts, and received his edu- cation at Williston Seminary, East Hamp- ton, Massachusetts. Later he attended Yale College, where he graduated in 1863, and entered the Harvard Law School, which he left in 1864. Beginning practice in New York city, he soon gained a reputation as an able lawyer. He made his first appear- ance in public affairs in 1871, when he was active in organizing a young men's Demo- cratic club. In 1872 he was the recognized leader of the county Democracy and in 1875 was appointed corporation counsel for the city of New York. He resigned the office, 1882, to attend to personal interests and on March 5, 1885, he was appointed secretary of the navy by President Cleveland. Under his administration the navy of the United States rapidly rose in rank among the navies of the world. When he retired from office in 1889, the vessels of the United States navy designed and contracted for by him were five double-turreted monitors, two new armor-clads, the dynamite cruiser "Ve- suvius," and five unarmored steel and iron cruisers. Mr. Whitney was the leader of the Cleveland forces in the national Democratic convention of 1892. EDWIN FORREST, the first and great- est American tragedian, was born in Philadelphia in 1806. His father was a tradesman, and some accounts state that he had marked out a mercantile career for his son, Edwin, while others claim that he had intended him for the ministry. His wonder- ful memory, his powers of mimicry and his strong musical voice, however, attracted at- tention before he was eleven years old, and at that age he made his first appearance on the stage. The costume in which he appeared was so ridiculous that he left the stage in a fit of anger amid a roar of laughter from the audience. This did not discourage him, however, and at the age of fourteen, after some preliminary training in elocution, he appeared again, this time as Young Norvel, and gave indications of future greatness. Up to 1826 he played entirely with strolling companies through the south and west, but at that time he obtained an engagement at the Bowery Theater in New York. From that time his fortune was made. His man- ager paid him $40 per night, and it is stated that he loaned Forrest to other houses from time to time at $200 per night. His great successes were Virginias, Damon, Othello. Coriolanus, William Tell, Spartacus and Lear. He made his first appearance in London in 1836, and his success was un- questioned from the start. In 1845, on his COMPENDIUM OF BlOGRAPIIT, 93 second appearance in London, he became involved in a bitter rivalry with the great English actor, Macready, who had visited America two years before. The result was that Forrest was hissed from the stage, and it was charged that Macready had instigated the plot. Forrest's resentment was so bitter that he himself openly hissed Macready from his box a few nights later. In 1848 Macready again visited America at a time when American admiration and enthusiasm for Forrest had reached its height. Macready undertook to play at Astor Place Opera House in May, 1S49, but was hooted off the stage. A few nights later Macready made a second attempt to play at the same house, this time under police protection. The house was filled with Macready 's friends, but the vio- olence of the mob outside stopped the play, and the actor barely escaped with his life. Upon reading the riot act the police and troops were assaulted with stones. The troops replied, first with blank cartridges, and then a volley of lead dispersed the mob, leaving thirty men dead or seriously wounded. After this incident Forrest's popularity waned, until in 1855 he retired from the stage. He re-appeared in i860, however, and probably the most remunerative period of his life was between that date and the close of the Civil war. His last appearance on the stage was at the Globe Theatre, Boston, in Richelieu, in April, 1872, his death occurring December 12 of that year. NOAH PORTER, D. D., LL. D., was one of the most noted educators, au- thors and scientific writers of the United States. He was born December 14, 181 1, at Farmington, Connecticut, graduated at Yale College in 1831, and was master of Hopkins Grammar School at New Haven in 1831-33. During 1833-35 he was a tutor at Yale, and at the same time was pursuing his theological studies, and became pastor of the Congregational church at New Mil- ford, Connecticut, in April, 1836. Dr. Porter removed to Springfield, Massachu- setts, in 1843, and was chosen professor of metaphysics and moral philosophy at Yale in 1846. He spent a year in Germany in the study of modern metaphysics in 1853- 54, and in 1 87 1 he was elected president of Yale College. He resigned the presidency in 1885, but still remained professor of met- aphysics and moral philosophy. He was the author of a number of works, among which are the following: " Historical Es- say," written in commemorationof the200th aniversary of the settlement of the town of Farmington; " Educational System of the Jesuits Compared;" "The Human Intel- lect," with an introduction upon psychology and the soul; " Books and Reading;" "American Colleges and the American Pub- lic;" " Elementsof Intellectual Philosophy;" " The Science of Nature versus the Science of Man;" "Science and Sentiment;" "Ele- ments of Moral Science." Dr. Porter was the principal editor of the revised edition of Webster's Dictionary in 1864, and con- tributed largely to religious reviews and periodicals. Dr. Porter's death occurred March 4, 1892, at New Haven, Connecticut. JOHN TYLER, tenth president of the United States, was born in Charles City county, Virginia, March 29, 1790, ahd was the son of Judge John Tyler, one of the most distinguished men of his day. When but twelve years of age young John Tyler entered William and Mary Col- lege, graduating from there in 1806. He took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1809, when but nineteen years 94 COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. of age. On attaining his majority in 1811 he was elected a member of the state legis- lature, and for five years held that position by the almost unanimous vote of his county. He was elected to congress in 18 16, and served in that body for four years, after which for two years he represented his dis- trict again in the legislature of the state. While in congress, he opposed the United States bank, the protective policy and in- ternal improvements by the United States government. 1825 saw Mr. Tyler governor of Virginia, but in 1827 he was chosen member of the United States senate, and held that office for nine years. He therein opposed the administration of Adams and the tariff bill of 1828, sympathized with the nullifrers of South Carolina and was the only senator who voted against the Force bill lor the suppression of that state's insip- ient rebellion. He resigned his position as senator on account of a disagreement with the legislature of his state in relation to his censuring President Jackson. He retired to Williamsburg, Virginia, but being regarded as a martyr by the Whigs, whom, hereto- fore, he had always opposed, was supported by many of that party for the vice-presi- dency in 1836. He sat in the Virginia leg- islature as a Whig in 1839-40, and was a delegate to the convention of that party in 1 9. This national convention nominated him for the second place on the ticket with General William H. H. Harrison, and he was elected vice-president in November, 1 840. President Harrison dying one month after his inauguration, he was succeeded by John Tyler. He retained the cabinet chosen by his predecessor, and for a time moved in harmony with the Whig party. He finally instructed the secretary of the treasury, Thomas Ewing, to submit to congress a bill for the incorporation of a fiscal bank of the United States, which was passed by con- gress, but vetoed by the president on ac- count of some amendments he considered unconstitutional. For this and other meas- ures he was accused of treachery to his party, and deserted by his whole cabinet, except Daniel Webs' er. Things grew worse until he was abandoned by the Whig party formally, when Mr. Webster resigned. He was nominated at Baltimore, in May, 1844, at the Democratic convention, as their pres- idential candidate, but withdrew from the canvass, as he saw he had not succeed- ed in gaining the confidence of his old party. He then retired from politics until February, 1861, when he was made presi- dent of the abortive peace congress, which met in Washington. He shortly after re- nounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected a member of the Confeder- ate congress. He died at Richmond, Janu- ary 17, 1862. Mr. Tyler married, in 18 13, Miss Letitia Christian, who died in 1842 at Washington. June 26, 1844, he contracted a second mar- riage, with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. COLLIS POTTER HUNTINGTON, one of the great men of his time and who has left his impress upon the history of our national development, was born October 22, 1 82 1, at Harwinton, Connecticut. He received a common-school education and at the age of fourteen his spirit of get- ting along in the world mastered his educa- tional propensities and his father's objec- tions and he left school. He went to Cali- fornia in the early days and had opportunities which be handled masterfully. Others had the same opportunities but they did not have his brains nor his energy, and it was he who overcame obstacles and reaped the reward of his genius. Transcontinental railways COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 95 were inevitable, but the realization of this masterful achievement would have been de- layed to a much later day if there had been no Huntington. He associated himself with Messrs. Mark Hopkins, Leland Stanford, and Charles Crocker, and they furnished the money necessary for a survey across the Sierra Nevadas, secured a charter for the road, and raised, with the government's aid, money enough to construct and equip that railway, which at the time of its completion was a marvel of engineering and one of the wonders of the world. Mr. Huntington be- came president of the Southern Pacific rail- road, vice-president of the Central Pacific; trustee of the Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company, and a director of the Occidental and Oriental Steamship Company, besides being identified with many other business enterprises of vast importance. GEORGE A. CUSTER, a famous In- dian fighter, was born in Ohio in 1840. He graduated at West Point in 1861, an- served in the Civil war; was at Bull Run id 1861, and was in the Peninsular campaign, being one of General McClellan's aides-de, camp. He fought in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam in 1863, and was with General Stoneman on his famous cavalry raid. He was engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, and was there made brevet- major. In 1863 was appointed brigadier- general of volunteers. General Custer was in many skirmishes in central Virginia in 1863-64, and was present at the following battles of the Richmond campaign: Wil- derness, Todd's Tavern, Yellow Tavern, where he wasbrevetted lieutenant-colonel; Meadow Bridge, Haw's Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevil- lian Station. In the Shenandoah Valley 1 864-65 he was brevetted colonel at Opequan Creek, and at Cedar Creek he was made brevet major-general for gallant conduct during the engagement. General Custer was in command of a cavalry division in the pursuit of Lee's army in 1865, and fought at Dinwiddie Court House, Five Forks, where he was made brevet brigadier-general ; Sailors Creek and Appomattox, where he gained additional honors and was made brevet major-general, and was given the command of the cavalry in the military division of the southwest and Gulf, in 1865. After the establishment of peace he went west on frontier duty and performed gallant and valuable service in the troubles with the Indians. He was killed in the massacre on the Little Big Horn river, South Dakota, June 25, 1876. DANIEL WOLSEY VOORHEES, cel- brated as " The Tall Sycamore of the Wabash," was born September 26, 1827, in Butler county, Ohio. When he was two months old his parents removed to Fount- ain county, Indiana. He grew to manhood on a farm, engaged in all the arduous work pertaining to rural life. In 1845 he entered the Indiana Asbury University, now the De Pauw, from which he graduated in 1849. He took up the study of law at Crawfords- ville, and in 185 1 began the practice of his profession at Covington, Fountain county, Indiana. He became a law partner of United States Senator Hannegan, of Indi- ana, in 1852, and in 1856 he was an unsuc- cessful candidate for congress. In the fol- lowing year he took up his residence in Terre Haute, Indiana. He was United States district attorney for Indiana from 1857 until 1 86 1, and he had during this period been elected to congress, in i860. Mr. Voorhees was re-elected to congress in 1862 and 1864, but he was unsuccessful in the election of 1866. However, he was returned to con- 90 COMPEX/)ir.M OF BIOGRAPHIC gress in 1868, where he remained until 1874, having been re-elected twice. In 1877 he was appointed United States senator from Indiana to fill a vacancy caused by the death of O. P. Morton, and at the end of the term was elected for the ensuing term, being re- elected in 1885 and in 1891 to the same of- fice. He served with distinction on many of the committees, and took a very prom- inent part in the discussion of all the im- portant legislation of his time. His death occurred in August, 189 . ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL, fa- mous as one of the inventors of the tele- phone, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, March 3rd, 1847. He received his early education in the high school and later he attended the university, and was specially trained to follow his grandfather's profes- sion, that of removing impediments of speech. He emigrated to the United States in 1872, and introduced into this country his father's invention of visible speech in the institutions for deaf-mutes. Later he was appointed professor of vocal physiology in the Boston University. He wcrked for many years during his leisure hours on his telephonic discovery, and finally perfected it and exhibited it publicly, before it had reached the high state of perfection to which he brought it. His first exhibition of it was at the Centennial Exhibition that was held in Philadelphia in 1876. Its success is now- established throughout the civilized world. In 1882 Prof. Bell received a diploma and the decoration of the Legion of Honor from the Academy of Sciences of France. WILLIAM HICKLING PRESCOTT, the justly celebrated historian and author, was a native of Salem, Massachu- setts, and was born May 4, 1796. He was the son of Judge William Prescott and the grandson of the hero of Bunker Hill, Colonel William Prescott. Our subject in 1S08 removed with the family to Boston, in the schools of which city he received his early education. He entered Harvard College as a sophomore in 181 1, having been prepared at the private classical college of Rev. Dr. J. S. J. Gardi- jner. The following year he received an in- ury in his left eye which made study through life a matter of difficulty. He graduated in 18 14 with high honors in the classics and belle lettres. He spent several months on the Azores Islands, and later visited England, France and Italy, return- ing home in 18 17. In June, 181 8, he founded a social and literary club at Boston for which he edited "The Club Room," a periodical doomed to but a short life. May 4, 1820, he married Miss Susan Amorv. He devoted several years after that event to a thorough study of ancient and modern history and literature. As the fruits of his labors he published several well written essays upon French and Italian poetry and romance in the " North American Review." January 19, 1826, he decided to take up his first great historical work, the " History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella." To this he gave the labor of ten years, publish- ing the same December 25, 1837. Although placed at the head of all American authors, so diffident was Prescott of his literary merit that although he had four copies of this work printed for his own convenience, he hesitated a long time before giving it to the public, and it was only by the solicitation of friends, especially of that talented Spanish scholar, George Ticknor, that he was in- duced to do so. Soon the volumes were translated into French, Italian, Dutch and German, and the work was recognized COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 97 throughout the world as one of the most meritorious of historical compositions. In 1843 he published the "Conquest of Mexi- co," and in 1847 the " Conquest of Peru." Two years later there came from his pen a volume of ' ' Biographical and Critical Mis- cellanies." Going abroad in the summer of 1850, he was received with great distinction in the literary circles of London, Edinburgh, Paris, Antwerp and Brussels. Oxford Uni- versity conferred the degree of D. C. L. upon him. In 1855 he issued two volumes of his "History of the Reign of Philip the Second," and a third in 1858. In the meantime he edited Robertson's "Charles the Fifth," adding a history of the life of that monarch after his abdication. Death cut short his work on the remaining volumes of " Philip the Second," coming to him at Boston, Massachusetts, May 28, 1859. OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, a noted American commodore, was born in South Kingston, Rhode Island, August 23, 1785. He saw his first service as a mid- shipman in the United States navy in April, 1799. He cruised with his father, Captain Christopher Raymond Perry, in the West In- dies for about two years. In 1 804 he was in the war against Tripoli, and was made lieutenant in 1807. At the openingof hostili- ties with Great Britain in 1 8 1 2 he was given command of a fleet of gunboats on the At- lantic coast. At his request he was trans- ferred, a year later, to Lake Ontario, where he served under Commodore Chauncey, and took an active part in the attack on Fort George. He was ordered to fit out a squad- ron on Lake Erie, which he did, building most of his vessels from the forests along the shore, and by the summer of 1 8 1 3 he had a fleet of nine vessels at Presque Isle, now Erie, Pennsylvania September 10th he attacked and captured the British fleet near Put-in-Bay, thus clearing the lake of hostile ships. His famous dispatch is part of his fame, " We have met the enemy, and they are ours." He co-operated with Gen. Har- rison, and the success of the campaign in the northwest was largely due to his victory. The next year he was transferred to the Po- tomac, and assisted in the defense of Balti- more. After the war he was in constant service with the various squadrons in cruising in all parts of the world. He died of yellow fever on the Island of Trinidad, August 23, 1 8 19. His remains were conveyed to New- port, and buried there, and an imposing obelisk was erected to his memory by the State of Rhode Island. A bronze statue was also erected in his honor, the unveiling taking place in 1885. JOHN PAUL JONES, though a native of Scotland, was one of America's most noted fighters during the Revolutionary war. He was born July 6, 1747. His father was a gardener, but the young man soon be- came interested in a seafaring life and at the age of twelve he was apprenticed to a sea captain engaged in the American trade. His first voyage landed him in Virginia, where he had a brother who had settled there several years prior. The failure of the captain released young Jones from his apprenticeship bonds, and he was engaged as third mate of a vessel engaged in the slave trade. He abandoned this trade after a few years, from his own sense of disgrace. He took passage from Jamaica for Scotland in 1768, and on the voyage both the captain and the mate died and he was compelled to take command of the vessel for the re- mainder of the voyage. He soon after became master of the vessel. He returned to Virginia about 1773 to settle up the estate COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. of his brother, and at this time added the name "Jones," having previously been known as John Paul. He settled down in Virginia, but when the war broke out in 1775 he offered his services to congress and was appointed senior lieutenant of the flag- ship "Alfred," on which he hoisted the American flag with his own hands, the first vessel that had ever carried a flag of the new nation. He was afterward appointed to the command of the "Alfred," and later of the "Providence," in each of which ves- sels he did good service, as also in the " Ranger," to the command of which he was later appointed. The fight that made him famous, however, was that in which he captured the " Serapis," off the coast of Scotland. He was then in command of the "Bon Homme Richard," which had been fitted out for him by the French government and named by Jones in honor of Benjamin Franklin, or " Good Man Richard," Frank- lin being author of the publication known as " Poor Richard's Almanac." The fight between the " Richard" and the "Serapis" lasted three hours, all of which time the vessels were at close range, and most of the time in actual contact. Jones' vessel was on fire several times, and early in the en- gagement two of his guns bursted, rendering the battery useless. Also an envious officer of the Alliance, one of Jones' own fleet, opened fire upon the " Richard " at a crit- ical time, completely disabling the vessel. Jones continued the fight, in spite of coun- sels to surrender, and after dark the " Ser- apis " struck her colors, and was hastily boarded by Jones and his crew, while the "Richard" sank, bows first, after the wounded had been taken on board the "Serapis." Most of the other vessels of the fleet of which the " Serapis" was con- voy, surrendered, and were taken with the "Serapis" to France, where Jones was received with greatest honors, and the king presented him with an elegant sword and the cross of the Order of Military Merit. Congress gave him a vote of thanks and made him commander of a new ship, the "America," but the vessel was afterward given to France and Jones never saw active sea service again. He came to America again, in 1787, after the close of the war, and was voted a gold medal by congress. He went to Russia and was appointed rear-admiral and rendered service of value against the Turks, but on account of personal enmity of the fav- orites of the emperor he was retired on a pen- sion. Failing to collect this, he returned to France, where he died, July 18, 1792. THOMAS MORAN, the well-known painter of Rocky Mountain scenery, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1837. He came to America when a child, and showing artistic tastes, he was apprenticed to a wood engraver in Philadelphia. Three years later he began landscape painting, and his style soon began to exhibit signs of genius. His first works were water-colors, and though without an instructor he began the use of oils, he soon found it necessary to visit Europe, where he gave particular at- tention to the works of Turner. He joined the Yellowstone Park exploring expedition and visited the Rocky Mountains in 1871 and again in 1873, making numerous sketches of the scenery. The most note- worthy results were his "Grand Canon of the Yellowstone," and " The Chasm of the Colorado," which were purchased by con- gress at $10,000 each, the first of which is undoubtedly the finest landscape painting produced in this country. Mr. Moran has subordinated art to nature, and the subjects he has chosen leave little ground for fault COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 101 finding on thai account, " rhe Mountain ol the Holy Cross, " " Th<- * rrovi Wen God's Firsl Temples," " Phe Cliffs ol Green River," "The Children ol the Mountain," •• rhe Ripening 61 the l eaf," and others have given him additional tame, and while they do nol equal in grandeui the firsl mentioned, in many respects from an art ti< standpoinl thej are superioi LEI anh STANFORD was one ol the greatest men <>i the Pat iflt t oasl and also had ;» national reputation, He was born March <>. is • |. in Ubanj county, Nev York, and passed his early life on his lather's fai m, 1 i<- attended the lot ii schools oi tin- count] and -it the age ol twenty began the studj ol law, He entered the lav office ol Wheaton, Doolittle .ui,i l ladle) . .it Aikim .in i :- 1 >,. .111,1 .i i,w years later he moved to Port Washington, Wisconsin, where ho practiced law foui \ ears v* hIi model ate succt ■ in t8j3 Mi Stanford determined to push furthei west, and, accordingly wenl to California, where three >'i his brothers were established In business in tin 1 mining town-- fhej took I el. iii.i into partnership, giving him • harj i oi .i branch store al Michigan Bluff, in Placer county Phere ho developed great business ability and foui years latei started .i nno antile house ol hia own in San Fran cisco, which soon became one ol the mosl substantial houses on the coast. On the formation of the Republican party he Intel ested himsell in pohl ics, and in 1 86o w as Benl as -i delegate to the convention thai nominated Abraham I im oln in the autumn ol 1 86 1 he was elected, in an im mense majoi it \ . govei noi ol I -alifoi nis Prioi ^^ his election as governoi he had been chosen president ol the newlj orgs in .I'd Central Pacific Railroad Company, .iii.l aftei leaving the exei utive chaii he de voted .ill ol his time to the constru< tion ol the Pacific end o( the transcontinental rail w.i\ Maj to, iSoo, Mi Stanford drovt the last spike ol the Central Pat iflc road, thus completing the route across the conti Hint I te w as also president ol the Occi dental and Oriental Steamship Company He had but one son, who died ol typhoid fe\ ei . and as .» monument to his i hild iio founded the university which bears his -on . name, Leland Stanford, funior, University Mi Stanford ga\ e to this universit j i ighty three thousand acres ol land, the estimated value ol which is $8,ooo,ooo, and the entire endowment is $ io,i 100,000 In t88j Mi Stanford was elected United States senator as .i Republit an, to sut ceed | 1 Parlej . a Democrat, and was re elected in 1891. Hia death o< 1 ui red fune to, 1894, ;it Palo Alto, California §1 1 nil n DECATUR, a famous com modore in the l 'mi 01 1 States navy, was Inn n m M.11 \ l.in.l in 1 o II,- entered the 11. i\ .ii sei \ n o in 1 981 In 1 80 1. w lion the Aiii.-i 1, .in vessel Philadelphia had been 1 ^ !■ i,,iiii,i and captured in the harboi ol tYip nli, Decatur, .it the I10.nl ol a low men, boarded hei and inn ned her in 1 he fat e ol tho guns from the citj defenBi P01 this daring deed he w .0. made 1 aptain He v as given command ol the frigate United States .11 the bi eaking out ol the w ai > ibute and 1 ansom foi the relt a 11 ,,f Am, 1 1, .in 1 iti ens ■ aptured I >< 1 atui 102 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. captured a number of Algerian vessels, and compelled the dey to sue for peace. He was noted for his daring and intrepidity, and his coolness in the face of danger, and helped to bring the United States navy into favor with the people and congress as a means of defense and offense in time of He was killed in a duel by Commo- war. dore Barron, March 12, 1820. JAMES KNOX POLK, the eleventh president of the United States, 1845 to 1849, was born November 2, 1795, m Meck- lenburg county, North Carolina, and was the eldest child of a family of six sons. He removed with his father to the Valley of the Duck River, in Tennessee, in 1806. He attended the common schools and became very proficient in the lower branches of education, and supplemented this with a course in the Murfreesboro Academy, which he entered in 18 13 and in the autumn of 1 8 1 5 he became a student in the sopho- more class of the University of North Caro- lina, at Chapel Hill, and was graduated in 181 8. He then spent a short time in re- cuperating his health and then proceeded to Nashville, Tennessee, where he took up the study of law in the office of Felix Grundy. After the completion of his law studies he was admitted to the bar and removed to Columbia, Maury county, Tennessee, and started in the active practice of his profes- sion. Mr. Polk was a Jeffersonian "Re- publican " and in 1823 he was elected to the legislature of Tennessee. He was a strict constructionist and did not believe that the general government had the power to carry on internal improvements in the states, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wanted the constitution amended to that effect. But later on he became alarmed iest the general government might become strong enough to abolish slavery and therefore gave his whole support to the " State's Rights" movement, and endeavored to check the centralization of power in the general government. Mr. Polk was chosen a member of congress in 1825, and held that office until 1839. He then withdrew, as he was the successful gubernatorial candidate of his state. He had become a man of great influence in the house, and, as the leader of the Jackson party in that body, weilded great influence in the election of General Jackson to the presidency. He sustained the president in all his measures and still remained in the house after Gen- eral Jackson had been succeeded by Martin Van Buren. He was speaker of the house during five sessions of congress. He was elected governor of Tennessee by a large majority and took the oath of office at Nash- ville, October 4, 1839. He was a candidate for re-election but was defeated by Governor Jones, the Whig candidate. In 1844 the most prominent question in the election was the annexation of Texas, and as Mr. Polk was the avowed champion of this cause he was nominated for president by the pro- slavery wing of the democratic party, was elected by a large majority, and was inaug- urated March 4, 1845. President Polk formed a very able cabinet, consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, Will- iam L. Marcy, George Bancroft, Cave John- son, and John Y. Mason. The dispute re- garding the Oregon boundary was settled during his term of office and a new depart- ment was added to the list of cabinet po- sitions, that of the Interior. The low tariff bill of 1846 was carried and the financial system of the country was reorganized. It was also during President Polk's term that the Mexican war was successfully conducted, which resulted in the acquisition of Califor- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 103 nia and New Mexico. Mr. Polk retired from the presidency March 4, 1849, after having declined a re-nomination, and was succeeded by General Zachary Taylor, the hero of the Mexican war. Mr. Polk retired to private life, to his home in Nashville, where he died at the age of fifty-four on June 9, 1849. ANNA DICKINSON (Anna Elizabeth Dickinson), a noted lecturer and pub- lic speaker, was born at Philadelphia, Oc- tober 28, 1842. Her parents were Quakers, and she was educated at the Friends' free schools in her native city. She early man- ifested an inclination toward elocution and public speaking, and when, at the age of 18, she found an opportunity to appear before a national assemblage for the discussion of woman's rights, she at once established her reputation as a public speaker. From i860 to the close of the war and during the ex- citing period of reconstruction, she was one of the most noted and influential speakers before the American public, and her popu- larity was unequaled by that of any of her sex. A few weeks after the defeat and death of Colonel Baker at Ball's Bluff, Anna Dickinson, lecturing in New York, made the remarkable assertion, " Not the incom- petency of Colonel Baker, but the treachery of General McClellan caused the disaster at Ball's Bluff." She was hissed and hooted off the stage. A year later, at the same hall and with much the same class of audi- tors, she repeated the identical words, and the applause was so great and so long con- tinued that it was impossible to go on with her lecture for more than half an hour. The change of sentiment had been wrought by the reverses and dismissal of McClellan and his ambition to succeed Mr. Lincoln as presi- dent. Ten years after the close of the war, Anna Dickinson was not heard of on the lec- ture platform, and about that time she made an attempt to enter the dramatic profession, but after appearing a number of times in dif- ferent plays she was pronounced a failure. ROBERT J. BURDETTE.— Some per- sonal characteristics of Mr. Burdette were quaintly given by himself in the follow- ing words: "Politics? Republican after the strictest sect. Religion ? Baptist. Per- sonal appearance ? Below medium height, and weigh one hundred and thirty-five pounds, no shillings and no pence. Rich ? Not enough to own a yacht. Favorite read- ing? Poetry and history — know Longfellow by heart, almost. Write for magizines ? Have more ' declined with thanks ' letters than would fill a trunk. Never able to get into a magazine with a line. Care about it? Mad as thunder. Think about starting a magazine and rejecting everbody's articles except my own." Mr. Burdette was born at Greensborough, Pennsylvania, in 1844. He served through the war of the rebellion, under General Banks "on an excursion ticket" as he felicitously described it, "good both ways, conquering in one direction and running in the other, pay going on just the same." He entered into journalism by the gateway of New York correspondence for the "Peoria Transcript," and in 1874 went on the "Burlington Hawkeye" of which he became the managing editor, and the work that he did on this paper made both him- self and the paper famous in the world of humor. Mr. Burdette married in 1870, and his wife, whom he called "Her Little Serene Highness," was to him a guiding light until the day of her death, and it was probably the unconscious pathos with which he described her in his work that broke the barriers that had kept him out of the maga- 104 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHr. zines and secured him the acceptance of his "Confessions" by Lippincott some years ago, and brought him substantial fame and recognition in the literary world. WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS, one of the leading novelists of the present century and author of a number of works that gained for him a place in the hearts of the people, was born March I, 1837, at Martinsville, Belmont county, Ohio. At the age of three years he accompanied his father, who was a printer, to Hamilton, Ohio, where he learned the printer's trade. Later he was engaged on the editorial staff of the " Cincinnati Gazette " and the " Ohio State Journal." During 1S61-65 he was the United States consul at Venice, and from 1 87 1 to 1878 he was the editor-in- chief of the "Atlantic Monthly.'' As a writer he became one of the most fertile and readable of authors and a pleasing poet. In 1885 he became connected with " Har- per's Magazine. " Mr. Howells was author of the list of books that we give below: "Venetian Life," " Italian Journeys," "No Love Lost," " Suburban Sketches," "Their Wedding Journey," "A Chance Acquaint- ance," "A Foregone Conclusion," "Dr. Breen's Practice," "A Modern Instance," "The Rise of Silas Lapham," "Tuscan Cities," "Indian Summer," besides many others. He also wrote the " Poem of Two Friends," with J. J. Piatt in i860, and some minor dramas: "The Drawing Room Car," "The Sleeping Car," etc., that are full of exqusite humor and elegant dialogue. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL was a son of the Rev. Charles Lowell, and was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 22, 1 8 19. He graduated at Harvard College in 1838 as class poet, and went to Harvard Law School, from which he was graduated in 1840, and commenced the practice of his profession in Boston, but soon gave his un- divided attention to literary labors. Mr. Lowell printed, in 1841, a small volume of poems entitled " A Year's Life," edited with Robert Carter; in 1843, " The Pioneer, " a literary and critical magazine (monthly), and in 1848 another book of poems, that con- tained several directed against slavery. He published in 1844 a volume of "Poems" and in 1845 " Conversations on Some of the Old Poets," "The Vision of Sir Launfal," "A Fable for Critics, " and "The Bigelow Papers," the lattei satirical es- says in dialect poetry directed against slavery and the war with Mexico. In 1851-52 he traveled in Europe and re- sided in Italy for a considerable time, and delivered in 1854-55 a course of lectures on the British poets, before the Lowell Insti- tute, Boston. Mr. Lowell succeeded Long- fellow in January, 1855, as professor of modern languages and literature at Harvard College, and spent another year in Emope qualifying himself for that post. He edited the " Atlantic Monthly " from 1857 to 1862, and the "North American Review" from 1863 until 1872. From 1864 to 1870 he published the following works: "Fireside Travels," " Under the Willows," "The Commemoration Ode," in honor of the alumni of Harvard who had fallen in the Civil war; "The Cathedral," two volumes of essays; "Among My Books" and "My Study Windows," and in 1867 he published a new series of the " Bigelow Papers." He traveled extensively in Europe in 1872-74, and received in person the degree of D. C. L. at Oxford and that of LL. D. at the University of Cambridge, England. He was also interested in political life and held COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 105 many important offices. He was United States minister to Spain in 1877 and was also minister to England in 1880-85. On January 2, 1S84, he was elected lord rector of St. Andrew University in Glasgow, Scot- land, but soon after he resigned the same. Mr. Lowell's works enjoy great popularity in the United States and England. He died August 12, 1S91. JOSEPH HENRY, one of America's greatest scientists, was born at Albany, New York, December 17, 1797. He was educated in the common schools of the city and graduated from the Albany Academy, where he became a professor of mathemat- ics in 1826. In 1827 he commenced a course of investigation, which he continued for a number of years, and the results pro- duced had great effect on the scientific world. The first success was achieved by producing the electric magnet, and he next proved the possibility of exciting magnetic energy at a distance, and it was the invention of Pro- fessor Henry's intensity magnet that first made the invention of electric telegraph a possibility. He made a statement regarding the practicability of applying the intensity magnet to telegraphic uses, in his article to the "American Journal of Science " in 1831. During the same year he produced the first mechanical contrivance ever invented for maintaining continuous motion by means of electro-magnetism, and he also contrived a machine by which signals could be made at a distance by the use of his electro-magnet, the signals being produced by a lever strik- ing on a bell. Some of his electro-magnets were of great power, one carried over a ton and another not less than three thousand six hundred pounds. In 1832 he discovered that secondary currents could be produced in a long conductor by the induction of the primary current upon itself, and also in the same year he produced a spark by means of a purely magnetic induction. Professor Henry was elected, in 1832, professor of nat- ural philosophy in the College of New Jer- sey, and in his earliest lectures at Princeton, demonstrated the feasibility of the electric telegraph. He visited Europe in 1837, and while there he had an interview with Pro- fessor Wheatstone, the inventor of the needle magnetic telegraph. In 1846 he was elected secretary of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, being the first incumbent in that office, which he held until his death. Professor Henry was elected president of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1849, and of the National Academy of Sciences. He was made chair- man of the lighthouse board of the United States in 1871 and held that position up to the time of his death. He received the honorary degree of doctor of laws from Union College in 1829, and from Harvard University in 1851, and his death occurred May 13, 1878. Among his numerous works may be mentioned the following: "Contri- butions to Electricity and Magnetism," " American Philosophic Trans, " and many articles in the "American Journal of Science," the journal of the Franklin Insti- tute; the proceedings of the American As- sociation for the Advancement of Science, and in the annual reports of the Smith- sonian Institution from its foundation. FRANKLIN BUCHANAN, the famous rear-admiral of the Confederate navy during the rebellion, was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He became a United States midshipman in 181 5 and was promoted through the various grades of the service and became a captain in 1855. Mr. Buch- anan resigned his captaincy in order to join 100 COMPEX/UPM OF BIOGRAPHY, the Confederate service in I 86 1 and later he asked to be reinstated, but his request was refused and he then entered into the service of the Confederate government. He was placed in command of the frigate " Merri- mac " after she had been fitted up as an iron- clad, and had command of her at the time of the battle of Hampton Roads. It was he who had command when the " Merri- mac" sunk the two wooden frigates, " Con- gress " and "Cumberland," and was also in command during part of the historical battle of the " Merrimac " and the "Moni- tor," where he was wounded and the com- mand devolved upon Lieutenant Catesby Jones. He was created rear-admiral in the Confederate service and commanded the Confederate fleet in Mobile bay, which was defeated by Admiral Farragut, August 5, 1864. Mr. Buchanan was in command of the "Tennessee," an ironclad, and during the engagement he lost one of his legs and was taken prisoner in the end by the Union fleet. After the war he settled in Talbot county. Maryland, where he died May II, 1874. RICHARD PARKS BLAND, a celebrated American statesman, frequently called "the father of the house," because of his many years of service in the lower house of congress, was born August 19, 1835, near Hartford, Kentucky, where he received a plain academic education. He moved, in 1855, to Missouri, from whence he went overland to California, afterward locating in Virginia City, now in the state of Nevada, but then part of the territory of Utah. While there he practiced law, dabbled in mines and mining in Nevada and California for several years, and served for a time as treasurer of Carson county, Nevada. Mr. Bland returned to Missouri in 1865, where he engaged in the practice of law at Rolla, Missouri, and in 1869 removed to Lebanon, Missouri. He began his congressional career in 1873, when he was elected as a Demo- crat to the forty-third congress, and he was regularly re-elected to every congress after that time up to the fifty-fourth, when he was defeated for re-election, but was returned to the fifty-fifth congress as a Silver Demo- crat. During all his protracted service, while Mr. Bland was always steadfast in his support of democratic measures, yet he won his special renown as the great advocate cf silver, being strongly in favor of the free and unlimited coinage of silver, and on ac- count of his pronounced views was one of the candidates for the presidential nomina- tion of the Democratic party at Chicago in 1896. FANNY DAVENPORT (F. L. G. Daven- port) was of British birth, but she be- longs to the American stage. She was the daughter of the famous actor, E. L. Daven- port, and was born in London in 1850. She first went on the stage as a child at the Howard Athenaeum, Boston, and her entire life was spent upon the stage. She played children's parts at Burton's old theater in Chambers street, and then, in 1862, appeared as the King of Spain in " Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady. " Here she attracted the notice of Augustin Daly, the noted mana- ger, then at the Fifth Avenue theater, who offered her a six weeks' engagement with her father in "London Assurance." She afterwards appeared at the same house in a variety of characters, and her versatility was favorably noticed by the critics. After the burning of the old Fifth Avenue, the present theater of that name was built at Twenty-eighth street, and here Miss Daven- port appeared in a play written for her by COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 107 Mr. Daly. She scored a great success. She then starred in this play throughout the country, and was married to Mr. Edwin F. Price, an actor of her company, in 1880. In 1882 she went to Paris and purchased the right to produce in America Sardou's great emotional play, "Fedora." It was put on at the Fourteenth Street theater in New York, and in it she won popular favor and became one of the most famous actresses of her time. HORACE BRIGHAM CLAFLIN, one of the greatest merchants America has produced, was born in Milford, Massachu- setts, a son of John Claflin, also a mer- chant. Young Claflin started his active life as a clerk in his father's store, after having been offered the opportunity of a college education, but with the characteristic promptness that was one of his virtues he exclaimed, "No law or medicine for me." He had set his heart on being a merchant, and when his father retired he and his brother Aaron, and his brother-in-law, Sam- uel Daniels, conducted the business. Mr. Claflin was not content, however, to run a store in a town like Milford, and accordingly opened a dry goods store at Worcester, with his brother as a partner, but the partnership was dissolved a year later and H. B. Claflin assumed complete control. The business in Worcester had been conducted on ortho- dox principles, and when Mr. Claflin came there and introduced advertising as a means of drawing trade, he created considerable animosity among the older merchants. Ten years later he was one of the most prosper- ous merchants. He disposed of his busi- ness in Worcester for $30,000, and went to New York to search for a wider field than that of a shopkeeper. Mr. Claflin and William M. Bulkley started in the dry goods business there under the firm name of Bulk- ley & Claflin, in 1843, an d M f - Bulkley was connected with the firm until 185 1, when he retired. A new firm was then formed under the name of Claflin, Mellin & Co. This firm succeeded in founding the largest dry goods house in the world, and after weather- ing the dangers of the civil war, during which the house came very near going un- der, and was saved only by the superior business abilities of Mr. Claflin, continued to grow. The sales of the firm amounted to over $72,000,000 a year after the close of the war. Mr. Claflin died November 14, 1885. CHARLOTTE CUSHMAN (Charlotte Saunders Cushman), one of the most celebrated American actresses, was born in Boston, July 23, 1816. She was descended from one of the earliest Puritan families. Her first attempt at stage work was at the age of fourteen years in a charitable concert given by amateurs in Boston. From this time her advance to the first place on the American lyric stage was steady, until, in 1835, while singing in New Orleans, she suddenly lost control of her voice so far as relates to singing, and was compelled to re- tire. She then took up the study for the dramatic stage under the direction of Mr. Barton, the tragedian. She soon after made her debut as " Lady Macbeth." She appeared in New York in September, 1836, and her success was immediate. Her "Romeo" was almost perfect, and she is the only woman that has ever appeared in the part of "Cardinal Wolsey." She at different times acted as support of Forrest and Macready. Her London engagement, secured in 1845, after many and great dis- couragements, proved an unqualified suc- cess. 108 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAl'HV Her farewell appearance was at Booth's theater, New York, November 7, 1874, in the part of " Lady Macbeth," and after that performance an Ode by R. H. Stoddard was read, and a body of citizens went upon the stage, and in their name the venerable poet Longfellow presented her with a wreath of laurel with an inscription to the effect that "she who merits the palm should bear it." From the time of her appearance as a modest girl in a charitable entertainment down to the time of final triumph as a tragic queen, she bore herself with as much honor to womanhood as to the profession she rep- resented. Her death occurred in Boston, IVbruary 18, 1876. By her profession she acquired a fortune of $600,000. NEAL DOW, one of the most prominent temperance reformers our country has known, was born in Portland, Me., March 20, 1804. He received his education in the Friends Seminary, at New Bedford, Massa- chusetts, his parents being members of that sect. After leaving school he pursued a mecrantile and manufacturing career for a number of years. He was active in the affairs of his native city, and in 1839 be- came chief of the fire department, and in 1 85 1 was elected mayor. He was re-elected to the latter office in 1854. Being opposed to the liquor traffic he was a champion of the project of prohibition, first brought for- ward in 1 839 by James Appleton. While serving his first term as mayor he drafted a bill for the " suppression of drinking houses and tippling shops," which he took to the legislature and which was passed without an alteration. In 1858 Mr. Dow was elected to the legislature. On the outbreak of the Civil war he was appointed colonel of the Thirteenth Maine Infantry and accompanied General Butler's expedition to New Orleans. In 1862 he was made brigadier-general. At the battle of Port Hudson May 27, 1863, he was twice wounded, and taken prisoner. He was confined at Libby prison and Mobile nearly a year, when, being exchanged, he resigned, his health having given way under the rigors of his captivity. He made sev- eral trips to England in the interests of temperance organization, where he addressed large audiences. He was the candidate of the National Prohibition party for the presi- dency in 1880, receiving about ten thousand votes. In 1884 he was largely instrumental in the amendment of the constitution of Maine, adopted by an overwhelming popular vote, which forever forbade the manufacture or sale of any intoxicating beverages, and commanding the legislature' to enforce the prohibition. He died October 2, 1897. ZACHARY TAYLOR, twelfth president of the United States, was born in Orange county, Virginia, September 24, 1784. His boyhood was spent on his fath- er's plantation and his education was lim- ited. In 1808 he was .made lieutenant of the Seventh Infantry, and joined his regi- ment at New Orleans. He was promoted to captain in 18 10, and commanded at Fort Harrison, near the present site of Terre Haute, in 181 2, where, for his gallant de- fense, he was brevetted major, attaining full rank in 18 14. In 1815 he retired to an es- tate near Louisville. In 18 16 here-entered the army as major, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and then to colonel. Having for many years been Indian agent over a large pon ion of the western country, he was often required in Washington to give advice and counsel in matters connected with the Indian b ireau. He served through the Black Hawk ,'ndian war of 1832, and in [837 was ordered to the command of the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 109 army in Florida, where he attacked the In- dians in the swamps and brakes, defeated them and ended the war. He was brevetted brigadier-general and made commander-in- chief of the army in Florida. He was as- signed to the command of the army of the southwest in 1840, but was soon after re- lieved of it at his request. He was then stationed at posts in Arkansas. In 1S45 he was ordered to prepare to protect and de- fend Texas boundaries from invasion by Mexicans and Indians. On the annexation of Texas he proceeded with one thousand five hundred men to Corpus Christi, within the disputed territory. After reinforcement he was ordered by the Mexican General Am- pudia to retire beyond the Nueces river, with which order lie declined to comply. The battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma followed, and he crossed the Rio Grande and occupied Matamoras May 18th. He was commissioned major-general for this campaign, and in September he advanced upon the city of Monterey and captured it after a hard fight. Here he took up winter quarters, and when he was about to resume activity in the spring he was ordered to send the larger part of his army to reinforce General Scott at Vera Cruz. After leaving garrisons at various points his army was re- duced to about five thousand, mostly fresh recruits. He was attacked by the army of Santa Anna at Buena Vista, February 22, 1847, and after a severe fight completely routed the Mexicans. He received the thanks of congress and a gold medal for this victory. He remained in command of the "army of occupation" until winter, when he returned to the United States. In 1848 General Taylor was nominated by the Whigs for president. He was elected over his two opponents, Cass and Van Buren. Great bitterness was developing in the struggle for and against the extension of slavery, and the newly acquired territory in the west, and the fact that the states were now equally divided on that question, tended to increase the feeling. President Taylor favored immediate admission of California with her constitution prohibiting slavery, and the admission of other states to be formed out of the new territory as they might elect as they adopted constitutions from time to time. This policy resulted in the " Omnibus Bill," which afterward passed congress, though in separate bills; not, how- ever, until after the death of the soldier- statesman, which occurred July 9, 1850. One of his daughters became the wife of Jefferson Davis. MELVILLE D. LANDON, better kncwrr as " Eli Perkins, " author, lecturer and humorist, was born in Eaton, New York, September 7, 1839. He was the son of John Landon and grandson of Rufus Lan- don, a revolutionary soldier from Litchfield county, Connecticut. Melville was edu- cated at the district school and neighboring academy, where he was prepared for the sophomore class at Madison University. He passed two years at the latter, when he was admitted to Union College, and graduated in the class of 1861, receiving the degree of A. M., in 1862. He was, at once, ap- pointed to a position in the treasury depart- ment at Washington. This being about the time of the breaking out of the war, and before the appearance of any Union troops at the capital, he assisted in the organiza- tion of the " Clay Battalion," of Washing- ton. Leaving his clerkship some time later, he took up duties on the staff of General A. L. Chetlain, who was in command at Mem- phis. In 1864 he resigned from the army and engaged in cotton planting in Arkansas 110 COMPENDIUM OF HIOGRAPHT. and Louisiana. In 1867 he went abroad, making the tour of Europe, traversing Rus- sia. While in the latter country his old commander of the " Clay Battalion," Gen- eral Cassius M. Clay, then United States minister at St. Petersburg, made him secre- tary of legation. In 1 87 1 , on returning to America, he published a history of the Franco-Prussian war, and followed it with numerous humorous writings for the public press under the name of "Eli Perkins," which, with his regular contributions to the " Commercial Advertiser," brought him into notice, and spread his reputation as a hu- morist throughout the country. He also pub- lished "Saratoga in 1891," "Wit, Humor and Pathos," " Wit and Humor of the Age," " Kings of Platform and Pulpit," " Thirty Years of Wit and Humor," " Fun and Fact," and " China and Japan." LEWIS CASS, one of the most prom- inent statesman and party leaders of his day, was born at Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 17S2. He studied law, and hav- ing removed to Zanesville, Ohio, commenced the practice of that profession in 1802. He entered the service of the American govern- ment in 1812 and was made a colonel in the army under General William Hull, and on the surrender of Fort Maiden by that officer was held as a prisoner. Being re- leased in 1813, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general and in 1814 ap- pointed governor of Michigan Territory. After he had held that office for some sixteen years, negotiating, in the meantime, many treaties with the Indians, General Cass was made secretary of war in the cabi- net of President Jackson, in 1 S3 1. He was, in 1836, appointed minister to France, which office he held for six years. In 1844 he -.as elected United States senator from Michigan. In 1846 General Cass opposed the Wilmot Proviso, which was an amend- ment to a bill for the purchase of land from Mexico, which provided that in any of the territory acquired from that power slavery should not exist. For this and other reasons he was nominated as Democratic candidate for the presidency of the United States in 1848, but was defeated by General Zacharv Taylor, the Whig candidate, having but one hundred and thirty-seven electoral votes to his opponent's one hundred and sixty- three. In 1849 General Cass was re-elected to the senate of the United States, and in 1854 supported Douglas' Kansas-Nebraska bill. He became secretary of state in March, 1857, under President Buchanan, but resigned that office in December, i860. He died June 17, 1866. The published works of Lewis Cass, while not numerous, are well written and display much ability. He was one of the foremost men of his day in the political councils of the Democratic party, and left a reputation for high probity and honor behind him. DEWITT CLINTON.— Probably there were but few men who were so popular in their time, or who have had so much in- fluence in moulding events as the individual whose name honors the head of this article. De Witt Clinton was the son of General James Clinton, and a nephew of Governor George Clinton, who was the fourth vice- president of the United States. He was a native of Orange county, New York, born at Little Britain, March 2, 1769. He gradu- ated from Columbia College, in his native state, in 1796, and took up the study of law. In 1 790 he became private secretary to his uncle, then governor of New York. He en- tered public life as a Republican or anti- Federalist, and was elected to the lower COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Ill house of the state assembly in 1797, and the senate of that body in 1 798. At that time he was looked on as " the most rising man in the Union." In 1S01 he was elected to the United States senate. In 1803 he was appointed by the governor and council mayor of the city of New York, then a very important and powerful office. Hav- ing been re-appointed, he held the office of mayor for nearly eleven years, and rendered great service to that city. Mr. Clinton served as lieutenant-governor of the state of New York, 1S11-13, and was one of the commissioners appointed to examine and survey a route for a canal from the Hudson river to Lake Erie. Dif- fering with President Madison, in relation to the war, in 18 12, he was nominated for the presidency against that gentleman, by a coalition party called the Clintonians, many of whom were Federalists. Clinton received eight-nine electoral votes. His course at this time impaired his popularity for a time. He was removed from the mayoralty in 1814, and retired to private life. In 1S15 he wrote a powerful argument for the con- struction of the Erie canal, then a great and beneficent work of which he was the prin- cipal promoter. This was in the shape of a memorial to the legislature, which, in 18 1 7, passed a bill authorizing the construc- tion of that canal. The same year he was elected governor of New York, almost unani- mously, notwithstanding the opposition of a few who pronounced the scheme of the canal visionary. He was re-elected governor in 1820. He was at this time, also, presi- dent of the canal commissioners. He de- clined a re-election to the gubernatorial chair in 1822 and was removed from his place on the canal board two years later. But he was triumphantly elected to the of- fice of governor that fall, and his pet project. the Erie canal, was finished the next year. He was re-elected governor in 1826, but died while holding that office, February n, 1828. AARON BURR, one of the many brilliant figures on the political stage in the early days of America, was born at Newark, New Jersey, February 6, 1756. He was the son of Aaron and Esther Burr, the former the president of the College of New Jersey, and the latter a daughter of Jonathan Edwards, who had been president of the same educa- tional institution. Young Burr graduated at Princeton in 1772. In 1775 he joined the provincial army at Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. For a time, he served as a private soldier, but later was made an aide on the staff of the unfortunate General Montgom- ery, in the Quebec expedition. Subse- quently he was on the staffs of Arnold, Put- nam and Washington, the latter of whom he disliked. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and commanded a brigade on Monmouth's bloody field. In x 779» on account of feeble health, Colonel Burr resigned from the army. He took up the practice of law in Albany, New York, but subsequently removed to New York City. In 17S9 he became attorney-general of that state. In 1 79 1 he was chosen to represent the state of New York in the United States senate and held that position for six years. In 1800 he and Thomas Jefferson were both candidates for the presidency, and there being a tie in the electoral college, each having seventy-three votes, the choice was left to congress, who gave the first place to Jefferson and made Aaron Burr vice-presi- dent, as the method then was. In 1 S04 Mr. Burr and his great rival, Alexander Hamil- ton, met in a duel, which resulted in the death of the latter, Burr losing thereby con- 112 CO .I//' i:\Dir\l OF BIOGRAPHY. siderable political and social influence. He soon embarked in a wild attempt upon Mexico, and as was asserted, upon the southwestern territories of the United States. He was tried for treason at Richmond, Virginia, in 1807, but acquitted, and to avoid importunate creditors, fled to Europe. After a time, in 1812, he returned to New York, where he practiced law, and where he died, September 14, 1836. A man of great ability, brilliant and popular talents, his influence was destroyed by his unscrupu- lous political actions and immoral private life. ALBER1 GALLATIN, one of the most distinguished statesmen of the early days of the republic, was born at Geneva, Switzerland, January 20, 1761. He was theson of J< an de Gallatin and Sophia A. Rolaz du Rosey Gallatin, representatives of an old patrician family. Albert Gallatin was left an orphan at an early age, and was ted under the care of friends of his parents, lit- graduated from the University "I Geneva in 1779, and declining employ- ment under one of the sovereigns of Ger- man}-, came to the struggling colonies, land- ing ii July 14, 17S0. Shortly after his arrival he proceeded to Maine, where he lunteer under Colonel Allen, lb- made advances to the government for the support of the American troops, and in mber, 1780, was placed in command of a small fort at Passamaquoddy, defended by a force of militia, volunteers and Indians. In 1783 he was professor of the French language at Harvard University. A year later, having received his patrimony from Europe, he purchased large tracts of land in western Virginia, but was prevented by the Indians from forming the large settle- ment he proposed, and, in 17S6, purchased a farm in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. In 1789 he was a member of the convention to amend the constitution of that state, and united himself with the Republican party, the head of which was Thomas Jefferson. The following year he was elected to the legislature of Pennsylvania, to which he was subsequently re-elected. In 1793 he was elected to the United States senate, but could not take his seat on account of not having been a citizen long enough. In 1794 Mr. Gallatin was elected to the representa- tive branch of congress, in which be served three terms. He also took an important position in the suppression of the "whiskey insurrection." In 1801, on the access: Jefferson to the presidency. Mr. Gallatin was appointed secretary of the treasury. In 1809 Mr. Madison offered him the posi- tion of secretary of state, but he declined, and continued at the head of the treasury until 1812, a period of twelve years. Ib- exercised a great influence on the other de- partments and in the general administration, especially in the matter of financial reform, and recommended measures for taxation, etc., which were passed by congress, and be- came laws May 24, 1 8 1 3. The same year he was sent as an envoy extraordinary to Rus- sia, which had offered to mediate this country and Great Britain, but the lat- ter country refusing the interposition of another power, and agreeing to treat di- rectly with the United States, in 1S14. at Ghent, Mr. Gallatin, in connection with his distinguished colleagues, negotiated and I the treaty of peace. In [815, in conjunction with Messrs. Adams and I ■ltd, at London, a commercial treaty en the two countries. In [8l< dining his old post at the head of the ti ury, Mr Gallatin was s<-nt as minister to France, where he remained until 1 COMPENDIUM {>/■' BIOGRAPIIT. 113 After a year spent in England as envoy ex- traordinary, he took up his residence in New York, and from that time held no public office. In I S30 he was chosen president of the council of the University of New York. He was, in 1831, made president of the National bank, which position he resigned in 1839. He died August 12, 1849. MILLARD FILLMORE, the thirteenth president of the United States, was born of New England parentage in Summer Hill, Cayuga county, New York, January 7, 1800. His school education was very lim- ited, but he occupied his leisure hours in study. He worked in youth upon his fa- ther's farm in his native county, and at the age of fifteen was apprenticed to a wool carder and cloth dresser. Four years later he was induced by Judge Wood to enter his office at Montviile, New York, and take up the study of law. This warm friend, find- ing young Fillmore destitute of means, loaned him money, but the latter, not wish- ing to incur a heavy debt, taught school during part of the time and in this and other ways helped maintain himself. In 1822 he removed to Buffalo, New York, and the year following, being admitted to the bar, he commenced the practice of his profession at East Aurora, in the same state. Here he remained until 1830, having, in the meantime, been admitted to practice in the supreme court, when he returned to Buffalo, where he became the partner of S. G. Haven and N. K. Hall. He entered poli- tics and served in the state legislature from 1829 to 1832. He was in congress in 1833- 35 and in 1S37-41, where he proved an active and useful member, favoring the views of John Quincy Adams, then battling almost alone the slave-holding party in na- tional politics, and in most of public ques- tions acted with the Whig party. While chairman of the committee of ways and means he took a leading part in draughting the tariff bill of 1842. In 1844 Mr. Fill- more was the Whig candidate for governor of New York. In 1847 he was chosen comptroller of the state, and abandoning his practice and profession removed to Al- bany. In 1 848 he was elected vice presi- dent on the ticket with General Zachary Taylor, and they were inaugurated the fol- lowing March. On the death of the presi- dent, July 9, 1850, Mr. Fillmore was in- ducted into that office. The great events of his administration were the passage of the famous compromise acts of 1850, and the sending out of the Japan expedition of 1852. March 4, 1853, having served one term, President Fillmore retired from office, and in 1855 went to Europe, where he received marked attention. On returning home, in 1856, he was nominated for the presidency by the Native American or " Know-Noth- ing" party, but was defeated, James Buch- anan being the successful candidate. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in re- tirement. During the conflict of Civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally sup- posed, however, that his sympathy was with the southern confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this rea- son he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874- PETER F. ROTHERMEL, one of Amer- ica's greatest and best-known historical painters, was born in Luzerne county, Penn- sylvania, July 8, 1817, and was of German ancestry. He received his earlier education in his native county, and in Philadelphia 114 LOMI'E.XDILM OF BIOGRAPHY. learned the profession of land surveying. But a strong bias toward art drew him away and he smm opened a studio where he did portrait painting. This soon gave place to historical painting, he having discovered the In nt of his genius in that direction. Be- sides the two pictures in the Capitol at Washington ' '1 >'>uto Discovering tin- Mis- sissippi" and "Patrick Henry Before the Virginia House of Burgesses" — Rothermel painted many others, chief among which are: "Columbus Before Queen Isabella," "Martyrs of the Colosseum," "Cromwell Breaking Up Service in an English Church, " and the famous picture of the "Battle of Gettysburg." The last named was painted for the state of Pennsylvania, for which Rothermel received the sum of $25,- 000, and which it took him four years to plan ami to p tint. It represents the p of that historic held held by the First corps, an exclusively Pennsylvania body of men, and was selected by Rothermel for that reason. For many years most of his time was spent in Italy, only returning for short is. He died at Philadelphia, August 16, 1895. EDMUND KIRBY SMITH, one of the distinguished leaders upon the side of the south in the late Civil war, was born at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1X24. After receiv- ing the usual education he was appointed to nited States Military Academy at W< 5( Point, from which he graduated in 1S45 and entered the army as second lieutenant of infantry. During the Mexican war he was Inst lieutenant and captain for gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo and Contreras. From 1849 to 1852 he was assistant pro- fessor of mathematics at West Point. He was transferred to the Second cavalry with the rank of captain in 1855, served on the frontier, and was wounded in a fight with Comanche Indians in Texas, May 13, In January, 1861, he became major of his regiment, but resigned April 9th to fol- low the fortunes of the southern cause. He was appointed brigadier-general in the Confederate army ami served in Virginia. At the battle of Bull Run, July 21. [86l, he arrived on the field late in the day, but was soon disabled by a wound. He was made major-general in 1 X62, and beitiu,' trans- ferred to East Tennessee, was given com- mand of that department. Under General Braxton lira^'j,' he led the advance in the invasion of Kentucky and defeated the Union forces at Richmond, Kentucky, August 30, 1862, and advanced to Frankfort. Pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-general, he was engaged at the battle of Perryville, October 10, and in the battle of Murfrees- boro, December 31. 1862, and January 3, He was soon made general, the St rank in the service, and in com- mand of the trans-Mississippi department opposed General N. P. Banks in the famous Red River expedition, taking part in the battle of Jenkins Ferry, April 30, 1S64, and other engagements of that eventful cam- paign. He was the last to surrender the forces under his command, which he did May 26, 1865. After the close of the war he located in Tennessee, where he died March 28, 1893. JOHN JAMES INGALLS, a famous American statesman, was born Decem- 1, [833, at Middleton, Massachusetts, where he was reared and received his early education. He went to Kansas in 1858 and joined the free-soil army, and a year after his arrival he was a member of the his- torical Wyandotte convention, which drafted a free-state constitution. In i860 he was COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 1?.S made secretary of the territorial council, and in 1861 was secretary of the state sen- ate. The next year he was duly elected to the legitimate state senate from Atchison, where he had made his home. From that time he was the leader of the radical Re- publican element in the state. He became the editor of the " Atchison Champion " in 1S63, which was a "red-hot free-soil Re- publican organ." In 1862 he was the anti- Lane candidate for lieutenant-governor, but was defeated. He was elected to the Unit- ed States senate to succeed Senator Pom- eroy, and took his seat in the forty-third congress and served until the fiftieth. In the forty-ninth congress he succeeded Sen- ator Sherman as president pro tern., which position he held through the fiftieth con- gress. BENJAMIN WEST, the greatest of the early American painters, was of Eng- lish descent and Quaker parentage. He was born in Springfield, Pennsylvania, in 1738. From what source he inherited his genius it is hard to imagine, since the tenets and tendencies of the Quaker faith were not cal- culated to encourage the genius of art, but at the age of nine years, with no suggestion except that of inspiration, we find him choos- ing his model from life, and laboring over his first work calculated to attract public notice. It was a representation of a sleep- ing child in its cradle. The brush with which he painted it was made of hairs which he plucked from the cat's tail, and the colors were obtained from the war paints of friendly Indians, his mother's indigo bag, and ground chalk and charcoal, and the juice of berries, but there were touches in the rude production that he declared in later days were a credit to his best works. The pic- ture attracted notice, for a council was called at once to pass upon the boy's con- duct in thus infringing the laws of the so- ciety. There were judges among them who saw in his genius a rare gift and their wis- dom prevailed, and the child was given per- mission to follow his inclination. He studied under a painter named Williams, and then spent some years as a portrait painter with advancing success. At the age of twenty- two he went to Italy, and not until he had perfected himself by twenty-three years of labor in that paradise of art was he satisfied to turn his face toward home. However, he stopped at London, and decided to settle there, sending to America for his intended bride to join him. Though the Revolution- ary war was raging, King George III showed the American artist the highest considera- tion and regard. His remuneration from works for royalty amounted to five thou- sand dollars per year for thirty years. West's best known work in America is, perhaps, "The Death of General Wolf." West was one of the thirty-six original mem- bers of the Royal academy and succeeded Joshua Reynolds as president, which posi- tion he held until his death. His early works were his best, as he ceased to display originality in his later life, conventionality having seriously affected his efforts. He died in 1820. SAMUEL PORTER JONES, the famous Georgia evangelist, was born October 16, 1847, in Chambers county, Alabama. He did not attend school regularly during his boyhood, but worked on a farm, and went to school at intervals, on account of ill health. His father removed to Carters- ville, Georgia, when Mr. Jones was a small boy. He quit school at the age of nineteen and never attended college. The war inter- fered with his education, which was intended 116 MPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. to prepare him for the legal profession. After the war he renewed his preparation for college, but was compelled to desist from such a course, as his health failed hitn en- tirely. Later on, however, he still pursued his legal studies ami was admitted to the bar. Soon after this event he went to Dal- las, Paulding county, Georgia, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession, and in a few months removed to Cherokee county, Alabama, where he taught school. In 181 turned to Cartersville, Georgia, and arrived in time to see his father die. Immediately after this event he applied for a license to preach, and went to Atlanta, Georgia, to the meeting of the North Geor- gia Conference of the M. E. church south, whicl 1 him on trial. He became au i of great note, and traveled exten lelivering his sermons in an inimitable style that made him very popular with the masses, his methods of conducting revivals being unique and original and his preaching practical and incisive. SHELBY MOORE CULLOM, a national character in political affairs and for many years United States senator from Illinois, was born November 22, 1S29, at Monticello. Kentucky. He came with his parents to Illinois in 1 S30 and spent his early yearson afarm, but having formed the pu of devoting himself to the lawyer's profession he spent two years study at the Rock River seminary at Mount Morris, Illinois. In iS;.} Mr. Cullom entered the law office of Stuart and Edwards at Springfield, Illinois, and two later he began the independent prac- tice of law in that city. He took an active interest in politics and was soon elected city attorney of Springfield. In 1856 he was elected a member of the Illinois house of representatives. He identified himself with the newly formed Republican party and in i860 was re-elected to the legislature of his state, in which he was chosen speaker of the house. In [862 President Lincoln appoint- ed a commission to pass upon and examine the accounts of the United States quarter- masters and disbursing officers, composed as follows: Shelby M. Cullom, of Illinois; Charles A. Dana, of New York, and Gov. Boutwell, of Massachusetts. Mr. Cullom was nominated for congress in 1864, and was elected by a majority of 1,785. In the house of representatives he became an active and aggressive member, was chairman of the committee on territories and served in congress until 1868. Mr. Cullom was returned to the state legislature, of which he was chosen speaker in i and was re-elected in 1874. In 1S76 he was elected governor of Illinois and at the end of his term he was chosen for a second term. He was elected United States senator in 1883 and twice re-electe.d. RICHARD JORDAN" GATLING. an American inventor of much note, was born in Hertford counts, North Carolina. September 12, 1818. At an early age he gave promise of an inventive genius. The first emanation from his mind was the invention of a screw for the propulsion of water craft, but on application for a patent, found that be was forestalled but a short time by John Ericsson Subse- quently he invented a machine for sowing wheat in drills, which was used to a great extent throughout the west. He then stud- ied medicine, and in 1S47 8 lectures at the Indiana Medical College at Laporte, and in 1S4S 9 at the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. He later discovered a method of transmitting power through the medium of compressed air. A COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 119 double-acting hemp break was also invented by him. The invention, however, by which Dr. Gatling became best known was the famous machine gun which bears his name. This he brought to light in 1861-62, and on the first trial of it, in the spring of the latter year, two hundred shots per minute were fired from it. After making some improve- ments which increased its efficiency, it was submitted to severe trials by our govern- ment at the arsenals at Frankfort, Wash- ington and Fortress Monroe, and at other points. The gun was finally adopted by our government, as well as by that of Great Britain, Russia and others. BENJAMIN RYAN TILLMAN, who won a national fame in politics, was born August 11, 1847, in Edgefield county, South Carolina. He received his education in the Oldfield school, where he acquired the rudiments of Latin and Greek, in addition to a good English education. He left school in 1864 to join the Confederate army, but was prevented from doing so by a severe illness, which resulted in the loss of an eye. In 1867 he removed to Florida, but returned in 1868, when he was married and devoted himself to farming. He was chairman of the Democratic organization of his county, but except a few occasional services he took no active part in politics then. Gradually, however, his attention was directed to the depressed condition of the farming interests of his state, and in August, 1885, before a joint meeting of the agricultural society and state grange at Bennettsville, he made a speech in which he set forth the cause of agricultural depression and urged measures of relief. From his active interest in the farming class he was styled the " Agricult- ural Moses." He advocated an industrial school for women and for a separate agri- 7 cultural college, and in 1887 he secured a modification in the final draft of the will of Thomas G. Clemson, which resulted in the erection of the Clemson Agricultural Col- lege at Fort Hill. In 1890 he was chosen governor on the Democratic ticket, and carried the election by a large majority. Governor Tillman was inaugurated Decem- ber 4, 1890. Mr. Tillman was next elected to the United States senate from South Carolina, and gained a national reputation by his fervid oratory. GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE.— No journalist of America was so cele- brated in his time for the wit, spice, and vigor of his writing, as the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. From Atlantic to Pacific he was well known by his witticism as well as by strength and force of his edi- torials. He was a native of Preston, Con- necticut, born December 18, 1802. After laying the foundation of a liberal education in his youth, he entered Brown University, from which he was graduated in 1823. Tak- ing up the study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1829. During part of his time he was editor of the " New England Weekly Review," a position which he relinquished to go south and was succeeded by John Greenleaf Whittier, the Quaker poet. On arriving in Louisville, whither he had gone to gather items for his history of Henry Clay, Mr. Prentice became identified with the " Louisville Journal," which, under his hands, became one of the leading Whig newspapers of the country. At the head of this he remained until the day of his death. This latter event occurred January 22, 1870, and he was succeeded in the control of the "Journal" by Colonel Henry Watterson. Mr. Prentice was an author of consider- able celebrity, chief among his works being 120 MPENDIl 1/ OF BIOGRAPHY, "The Life of Henry Clay," and " Prentice- ana," a collection of wit and humor, that passed through several large editions. SAM. HOUSTON, in the opinion of some critics one of the most remarkable men : figured in American history, was a native of Rockbridge county, Virginia, born March 2, [793. Early in life he was left in destitute circumstances by the death of his father, and, with his mother, removed to Tennessee, then almost a boundless wilder- ness. He received but little education. :ing the most of his time among the ikee Indians. Part of the time of his residence there Houston acted as clerk for a trader and also taught one of the primitive ils of the day In 1813 he enlisted as private in the United States army and was engaged under General Jackson in the war with the Creek Indians. When peace was Houston was a lieutenant, but he re- signed his commission and commenced the study of law at Nashville. After holding some minor offices he was elected member mgress from Tennessee. This was in He retained this office until 1827, when he was chosen governor of the state. In 1 jning that office before the ex- piration of his term, Sam Houston removed to Arkansas, and made his home among the I >kees, becoming the agent of that tribe and representing their interests at Washington. On a visit to Texas, just prior to the election of delegates to a con- vention called for the purpose of drawing up a constitution previous to the admission of the state into the Mexican union, he was unanimously chosen a delegate. The vention framed the constitution, but, it be- ing rejected by the government of M and the petition for admission to the * federacy denied and the Texans told by the president of the Mexican union to give up their arms, bred trouble. It was determined to resist this demand. A military force was soon organized, with General Houston at the head of it. War was prosecuted with great vigor, and with varying success, but at the battle of San Jacinto, April 2 1 , 1836, the Mexicans were defeated and their leader and president, Santa Anna, captured. Texas was then proclaimed an independent repub- lic, and in October of the same year Hous- ton was inaugurated president. On the ad- mission of Texas to the Federal Union, in Houston was elected senator, and held that position for twelve years. Oppos- ing the idea of secession, he retired from political life in 1861, and died at Hunts- ville, Texas, July 25, 1863. ELI WHITNEY, the inventor of the cot- i-gin, was born in West bo rough, M sachusetts, December 8, 1765. After his graduation from Yale College, he went to Georgia, where he studied law, and lived with the family of the widow of General Nathaniel Greene. At that time the only way known to separate the cotton seed from the fiber was by hand, making it extremely slow and expensive, ami for this reason cot- ton was little cultivated in this country. Mrs. Greene urged the inventive Whitney to devise some means for accomplishing this work by machinery. This he finally succeeded in doing, but he was harassed by attempts to defraud him by those who had stolen his ideas. He at last formed a part- nership with a man named Miller, and they began the manufacture of the machines at Washington, Georgia, in 1795. The cess of his invention was immediate, and the legislature of Smith Carolina voted the sum of $50,000 for his idea. This sum he had great difficulty in collecting, after years of COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 121 litigation and delay. North Carolina al- lowed him a royalty, and the same was agreed to by Tennessee, but was never paid. While his fame rests upon the invention of the cotton-gin, his fortune came from his improvements in the manufacture and con- struction of firearms. In 1798 the United States government gave him a contract for this purpose, and he accumulated a fortune from it. The town of Whitneyville, Con- necticut, was founded by this fortune. Whitney died at New Haven, Connecticut, January 8, 1825. The cotton-gin made the cultivation of cotton profitable, and this led to rapid in- troduction of slavery in the south. His in- vention thus affected our national history in a manner little dreamed of by the inventor. LESTER WALLACK (John Lester Wal- lack), for many years the leading light comedian upon the American stage, was the son of James W. Wallack, the " Brum- mell of the Stage." Both father and son were noted for their comeliness of feature and form. Lester Wallack was born in New York, January 1, 18 19. He received his education in England, and made his first appearance on the stage in 1848 at the New Broadway theater, New York. He acted light comedy parts, and also occasion- ally in romantic plays like Monte Cristo, which play made him his fame. He went to England and played under management of such men as Hamblin and Burton, and then returned to New York with his father, who opened the first Wallack's theater, at the corner of Broome and Broadway, in 1852. The location was afterward changed to Thirteenth and Broadway, in 1861, and later to its present location, Broadway and Thirteenth, in 1882. The elder Wallack died in 1864, after which Lester assumed management, jointly with Theodore Moss. Lester Wallack was commissioned in the queen's service while in England, and there he also married a sister to the famous artist, the late John Everett Millais. While Les- ter Wallack never played in the interior cities, his name was as familiar to the public as that of our greatest stars. He died Sep- tember 6, 1888, at Stamford, Connecticut. GEORGE MORTIMER PULLMAN, the palace car magnate, inventor, multi-millionaire and manufacturer, may well be classed among the remarkable self-made men of the century. He was born March 3, 1831, in Chautauqua county, New York. His parents were poor, and his education was limited to what he could learn of the rudimentary branches in the district school. At the age of fourteen he went to work as clerk for a country mer- chant. He kept this place three years, studying at night. When seventeen he went to Albion, New York, and worked for his brother, who kept a cabinet shop there. Five years later he went into business for himself as contractor for moving buildings along the line of the Erie canal, which was then being widened by the state, and was successful in this. In 1858 he removed to Chicago and engaged in the business of moving and raising houses. The work was novel there then and he was quite success-. ful. About this time the discomfort attend- ant on traveling at night attracted his at- tention. He reasoned that the public would gladly pay for comfortable sleeping accom- modations. A few sleeping cars were in use at that time, but they were wretchedly crude, uncomfortable affairs. In 1S59 he bought two old day coaches from the Chi- cago & Alton road and remodeled them some- thing like the general plan of the sleepin? I-'L' COMPENDIUM OF BIOG /,- i /•// r. cars of tin- present day. They were put into service on the Chicago & Alton and became popular at once. In 1K63 he built the first sleeping-car resembling the Pullman cars of to-day. It cost $18,000 and was the " Pioneer." After that the Pullman Palace Car Company prospered. It had shops at different cities. In [ 880 the Town of Pullman was founded by Mr. Pullman and his company, and this model manufac- turing community is known all over the world. Mr. Pullman died O 07- JAMES E. B. STUART, the most famous cavalry leader of the Southern Confed- eracy during the Civil war, was born in Patrick county. Virginia, in 1833 On graduating from the United States Military Academy, West Point, in 1S54, he w signed, as second lieutenant, to a regiment of mounted rifles, receiving his commission in October. In March, 1S55, he was trans- ! to the newly organised First cavalry, and was promoted to first lieutenant the following December, and to captain April 22, 1 S6 1. Taking the side of the south, May 14, [86l, he was made Colonel of a Virginia cavalry regiment, and served as such at Bull Kun. In September, 1861, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-gen- erai. and major-general early in 1862. On tin- reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia, in June of the latter year, when K. 11. Lee assumed command. General Stu- art made a reconnoissance with one thou- sand five hundred cavalry and four guns, ami in two days made the circuit of McClel- lan's army, producing much confusion and gathering useful information, and losing but one man. August 25. 1862, he captured part 1 1 I' idquarters' train, including that general's private baggage and official correspondence, and the next night, in a descent upon Manasses, capturing immense quantities of commissary and quartermaster store, eight guns, a number of locomotives and a few hundred prisoners. During the invasion of Maryland, in September, 1 neral Stuart acted as rearguard, resisting the advance of the Federal cavalry at South Mountain, and at Antietam commanded the .federate left. Shortly after he cros- 1 the Potomac, making a raid as far as Cham- bersburg, Pennsylvania. In the battle of lericksburg, December 13, 1862, Gen- eral Stuart's command was on the extreme right of the Confederate line. At Chai lorsville, after "Stonewall " Jackson's death and the wounding of General A. P. Hill, :eral Stuart assumed command of Jack- son's corps, which he led in the severe con- of May 3, 1863. Early in June, the same year, a large force of cavalry was gathered under Stuart, at Culpepper, Vir- ginia, which, advancing to join General Lee in his invasion of Pennsylvania, was met at Brandy station, by two divisions of cavalry and two brigades of infantry, underGenei.il John I. Gregg, and driven back. During the movements of the Gettysburg campaign he rendered important services. In May, 1- General Stuart succeeded, by a detour, in placing himself between Richmond and Sheridan's advancing column, and at Vellow Tavern was attacked in force. During the fierce conflict that ensued General Stuart was mortally wounded, and died at Rich- mond, May 11. 1 FRANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth president of the United States —from until 1857 — was born November 23, 1804, at Hillsboro, New Hampshire. He came of old revolutionary stock and his father was a governor of the state. Mr Pierce entered Bowdoin College in C OMPEND I i M OF JJ/OGAW PI IV. 123 was graduated in 1824, and took up the study of law in the office of Judge Wood- bury, and later he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Pierce practiced his profession with varying successes in his native town and also in Concord. He was elected to the state legislature in 1S33 and served in that body until 1837, the last two years of his term serving as speaker of the house. He was elected to the United States senate in 1837, just as President Van Buren began his term of office. Mr. Pierce served until 1842, and many times during Polk's term he declined important public offices. During the war with Mexico Mr. Pierce was ap- pointed brigadier-general, and he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847, and went with them to the field of battle. He served through the war and distinguished himself by his skill, bravery and excellent judg- ment. When he reached his home in his native state he was received coldly by the opponents of the war, but the advocates of the war made up for his cold reception by the enthusiastic welcome which they ac- corded him. Mr. Pierce resumed the prac- tice of his profession, and in the political strife that followed he gave his support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The Democratic convention met in Baltimore, June 12, 1852, to nominate a candidate for the presidency, and they con- tinued in session four days, and in thirty- five ballotings no one had secured the re- quisite two-thirds vote. Mr. Pierce had not received a vote as yet, until the Virginia delegation brought his name forward, and finally on the forty-ninth ballot Mr. Pierce received 282 votes and all the other candi- dates eleven. His opponent on the Whig ticket was General Winfield Scott, who only received the electoral votes of four states. Mr. Pierce was inaugurated presi- dent of the United States March 4, 1853, with W. R. King as vice president, and the following named gentlemen were afterward chosen to fill the positions in the cabinet: William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jeffer- son Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert Mc- Clelland, James Campbell and Caleb Cush- ing. During the administration of President Pierce the Missouri compromise law was repealed, and all the territories of the Union were thrown open to slavery, and the dis- turbances in Kansas occurred. In 1857 he was succeeded in the presidency by James Buchanan, and retired to his home in Con- cord, New Hampshire. He always cherished his principles of slavery, and at the out- break of the rebellion he was an adherent of the cause of the Confederacy. He died at Concord, New Hampshire, October 8, 1869. JAMES B. WEAVER, well known as a leader of the Greenback and later of the Populist party, was born at Dayton, Ohio, June 12, 1833. He received his earlier education in the schools of his native town, and entered the law department of the Ohio University, at Cincinnati, from which he graduated in 1854. Removing to the grow- ing state of Iowa, he became connected with "The Iowa Tribune," at the state capital, Des Moines, as one of its editors. He afterward practiced law and was elected district attorney for the second judicial dis- trict of Iowa, on the Republican ticket in 1866, which office he held for a short time. In 1867 Mr. Weaver was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the first district of Iowa, and filled that position until some- time in 1873. He was elected and served in the forty-sixth congress. In 1880 the National or Greenback party' in convention at Chicago, nominated James B. Weaver as I: COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPH1. its candidate (or the presidency. By a union of the Democratic and National parties in his district, he was elected to the forty-ninth congress, and re-elected to the same office in the fall of 1886. Mr. Weaver was conceded to be a very fluent speaker, and quite active in all political work. On July 4, 1892, at the National convention of the People's party, General James B. Weaver was chosen as the candidate for president of that organization, and during the campaign that followed, gained a na- tional reputation. ANTHONY JOSEPH DREXEL, one of the leading bankers and financiers of the United States, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1826, and was the son of Francis M. Drexel, who had established the large banking institution of Drexel & Co., so well known. The latter was a native of Dornbirn, in the Austrian Tyrol. He studied languages and fine arts at Turin, Italy. On returning to his mountain home, in 1809, and finding it in the hands of the French, he went to Switzerland and later to Paris. In i8i2,aftera short visit home, he went to Berlin, where he studied paint- ing until 1 8 1 7, in which year he emigrated io America, and settled in Philadelphia. A few years later he went to Chili and Peru, where he executed some fine portraits of notable people, including General Simon Bolivar. After spending some time in Mex- ico, he returned to Philadelphia, and en- <'d in the banking business. In 1837 he founded the house of Drexel & Co. He died in 1K37, and was succeeded by his two son?. Anthony J. and Francis A. His son, Anthony J. Drexel, Jr. , entered the bank when he was thirteen years of age, before he was through with his schooling, and after that the history of the banking business of which he was the head, was the history of his; life. The New York house of Drexel, Mor- gan & Co. was established in 1850; the Paris house, Drexel, Harjes & Co., in 1867. The Drexel banking houses have supplied iand placed hundreds of millions of dollars n government, corporation, railroad and other loans and securities. The reputation of the houses has always been held on the highest plane. Mr. Drexel founded and heavily endowed the Drexel Institute, in Philadelphia, an institution to furnish better and wider avenues of employment to young people of both sexes. It has departments of arts, science, mechanical arts and domes- tic economy. Mr. Drexel, Jr. .departed this life June 30, 1893. SAMUEL FINLEY BREESE MORSE, inventor of the recording telegraph in- strument, was born in Charlestown, Massa- chusetts, April 27, 1 791. He graduated from Yale College in 1810, and took up art as his profession. He went to London with the great American painter, Washington Allston, and studied in the Royal Academy under Benjamin West. His "Dying Her- cules," his first effort in sculpture, took the gold medal in 1813. He returned to Amer- ica in 181 5 and continued to pursue his profession. He was greatly interested in scientific studies, which he carried on in connection with other labors. He found A the National Academy of Design and w many years its president. He returned to Europe and spent three years in study in the art centers, Rome, Florence, Venice and Paris. In 1 832 he returned to America and while on the return voyage the idea of a recording telegraph apparatus occurred to him, and he made a drawing to represent his conception. He was the first to occupy the chair of fine arts in the University of New COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 125 York City, and in 1835 he set up his rude instrument in his room in the university. But it was not until after many years of discouragement and reverses of fortune that 1 e finally was successful in placing his inven- tion before the public. In 1844, by aid of the United States government, he had con- structed a telegraph line forty miles in length from Washington to Baltimore. Over this line the test was made, and the first tele- graphic message was flashed May 24, 1844, from the United States supreme court rooms to Baltimore. It read, "What hath God wrought!" His fame and fortune were es- tablished in an instant. Wealth and honors poured in upon him from that day. The nations of Europe vied with each other in honoring the great inventor with medals, titles and decorations, and the learned societies of Europe hastened to enroll his name upon their membership lists and confer degrees. In 1S58 hewasthe recipient of an honor never accorded to an inventor before. The ten leading nations of Europe, at the suggestion of the Emporer Napoleon, ap- pointed representatives to an international congress, which convened at Paris for the special purpose of expressing gratitude of the nations, and they voted him a present of 400,000 francs. Professor Morse was present at the unveil- ing of a bronze statue erected in his honor in Central Park, New York, in 1871. His last appearance in public was at the unveiling of the statue of Benjamin Franklin in New York in 1872, when he made the dedica- tory speech and unveiled the statue. He died April 2, 1S72, in the city of New York. MORRISO chief jus PRISON REMICH WAITE, seventh rstice of the United States, was born at Lyme, Connecticut, November 29, 1816. He was a graduate from Yale Col- lege in 1837, in the class with William M. Evarts. His father was judge of the su- preme court of errors of the state of Con- necticut, and in his office young Waite studied law. He subsequently removed to Ohio, and was elected to the legislature of that state in 1849. He removed from Maumee City to Toledo and became a prom- inent legal light in that state. He was nominated as a candidate for congress re- peatedly but declined to run, and also de- clined a place on the supreme bench of the state. He won great distinction for his able handling of the Alabama claims at Geneva, before the arbitration tribunal in 1 871, and was appointed chief justice of the supreme court of the United States in 1874 on the death of Judge Chase. When, in 1876, elec- toral commissioners were chosen to decide the presidential election controversy between Tilden and Hayes, Judge Waite refused to serve on that commission. His death occurred March 23, 1888. ELISHA KENT KANE was one of the distinguished American explorers of the unknown regions of the frozen north, and gave to the world a more accurate knowl- edge of the Arctic zone. Dr. Kane was born February 3, 1820, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a graduate of the universities of Virginia and Pennsylvania, and took his medical degree in 1843. He entered the service of the United States navy, and was physician to the Chinese embassy. Dr. Kane traveled extensively in the Levant, Asia and Western Africa, and also served in the Mexican war, in which he was severely wounded. His first Arctic expedition was under De Haven in the first Grinnell expedition in search of Sir John Franklin in 1850. He com- manded the second Grinnell expedition 126 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY in 1853-55, and discovered an open polar sea. For this expedition he received a gold medal and other distinctions. He published a narrative of his first polar expedition in 1853, and in 1856 published two volumes relating to his second polar expedition. He was a man of active, enterprising and cour- ageous spirit. His health, which was al- ways delicate, was impaired by the hard- ships of his Arctic expeditions, from which he never fully recovered and from which he died February 16, 1857, at Havana. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON was a daughter of Judge Daniel Cady and Margaret Livingston, and was born Novem- ber 12, 181 5, at Johnstown, New York. She • .as educated at the Johnstown Academy, .-here she studied with a class of boys, and was fitted for college at the age of fifteen, -iter which she pursued her studies at Mrs. A'illard's Seminary, at Troy. Her atten- ;on was called to the disabilities of her sex • v her own educational experiences, and through a study of Blackstbne, Story, and Kent. Miss Cady was married to Henry B. Stanton in 1840, and accompanied him to the world's anti-slavery convention in Lon- don. While there she made the acquain- tance of Lucretia Mott. Mrs. Stanton resided at Boston until 1847, when the family moved to Seneca Falls, New York, and she and Lucretia Mott signed the first call for a woman's rights convention. The meeting was held at her place of residence July 19-20, 1848. This was the first oc- casion of a formal claim of suffrage for women that was made. Mrs. Stanton ad- dressed the New York legislature, in 1854, on the rights of married women, and in 1 S60, in advocacy of the granting of di- vorce for drunkenness. She also addressed the legislature and the constitutional con- vention, and maintained that during the revision of the constitution the state was resolved into its original elements, and that all citizens had, therefore, a right to vote for the members of that convention. After 18G9 Mrs. Stanton frequently addressed congressional committees and state consti- tutional conventions, and she canvassed Kansas, Michigan, and other states when the question of woman suffrage was sub- mitted in those states. Mrs. Stanton was one of the editors of the " Revolution," and most of the calls and resolutions for con- ventions have come from her pen. She was president of the national committee, also of the Woman's Loyal League, and of the National Association, for many years. DAVID DUDLEY FIELD, a great American jurist was born in Connecti- cut in 1805. He en.o.cd Williams College when sixteen years old, and commenced the study of law in 1S25. In 1828 he was ad- mitted to the bar, and went to New York, where he soon came into prominence be- fore the bar of that state. He entered upon the labor of reforming the practice and procedure, which was then based upon the common law practice of England, and had become extremely complicated, difficult and uncertain in its application. His first paper on this subject was published in 1839, and after eight years of continuous efforts in this direction, he was appointed one of a com- mission by New York to reform the practice of that state. The result was embodied in the two codes of procedure, civil and crimi- nal, the first of which was adopted almost entire by the state of New York, and has since been adopted by more than half the states in the Union, and became the basis of the new practice and procedure in Eng- land, contained in the Judicature act. He COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT 127 was later appointed chairman cf a hew com- mission to codify the entire body of laws. This great work employed many years in its completion, but when finished it embraced a civil, penal, and political code, covering the entire field of American laws, statutory ana common. This great body of law was adopted by California and Dakota territory in its entirety, and many other states have since adopted its substance. In 1S67 the British Association for Social Science heard a proposition from Mr. Field to prepare an international code. This led to the prepara- tion of his " Draft Outlines of an Interna- tional Code," which was in fact a complete body of international laws, and introduced the principle of arbitration. Other of his codes of the state of New York have since been adopted by that state. In addition to his great works on law, Mr. Field indulged his literary tastes by fre- quent contributions to general literature, and his articles on travels, literature, and the political questions of the hour gave him rank with the best writers of his time. His father was the Rev. David Dudley Field, and his brothers were Cyrus W. Field, Rev. Henry Martin Field, and Justice Stephen J. Field of the United States supreme court. David Dudley Field died at New York, April 13, 1894. HENRY M. TELLER, a celebrated American politician, and secretary of the interior under President Arthur, was born May 23, 1830, in Allegany county, New York. He was of Hollandish ancestry and received an excellent education, after which he took up the study of law and was ad- mitted to the bar in the state of New York. Mr. Teller removed to Illinois in January, 1858, and practiced for three years in that state. From thence he moved to Colorado in 1 86 1 and located at Central City, which was then one of the principal mining towns in the state. His exceptional abilities as a lawyer soon brought him into prominence and gained for him a numerous and profit- able clientage. In politics he affiliated with the Republican party, but declined to become a candidate for office until the admission of Colorado into the Union as a state, when he was elected to the United States senate. Mr. Teller drew the term ending March 4, 1877, but was re-elected December 11, 1876, and served until April 17, 1882, when he was appointed by President Arthur as secretary of the interior. He accepted a cabinet position with reluctance, and on March 3, 1S85, he retired from the cabinet, having been elected to the senate a short time before to succeed Nathaniel P. Hill. Mr. Teller took his seat on March 4, 1 885, in the senate, to which he was afterward re-elected. He served as chairman on the committee of pensions, patents, mines and mining, and was also a member of commit- tees on claims, railroads, privileges and elections and public lands. Mr. Teller came to be recognized as one of the ablest advo- cates of the silver cause. He was one of the delegates to the Republican National conven- tion at St. Louis in 1S96, in which he took an active part and tried to have a silver plank inserted in the platform of the party. Failing in this he felt impelled to bolt the convention, which he did and joined forces with the great silver movement in the cam- paign which followed, being recognized in that campaign as one of the most able and eminent advocates of "silver" in America. JOHN ERICSSON, an eminent inven- J tor and machinist, who won fame in America, was born in Sweden, July 31, 1803. In early childhood he evinced a decided in- 128 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPH7'. clination to mechanical pursuits, and at the age of eleven he was appointed to a cadet- ship in the engineer corps, and at the age of seventeen was promoted to a lieutenancy. In 1826 he introduced a "flame engine," which he had invented, and offered it to English capitalists, but it was found that it could be operated only by the use of wood for fuel. Shortly after this he resigned his commission in the army of Sweden, and de- voted himself to mechanical pursuits. He discovered and introduced the principle of artificial draughts in steam boilers, and re- ceived a prize of two thousand five hundred dollars for his locomotive, the "Novelty," which attained a great speed, for that day. The artificial draught effected a great saving in fuel and made unnecessary the huge smoke-stacks formerly used, and the princi- ple is still applied, in modified form, in boil ers. He also invented a steam fire-engine, and later a hot-air engine, which he at- tempted to apply in the operation of his ship, "Ericsson," but as it did not give the speed required, he abandoned it, but after- wards applied it to machinery for pumping, hoisting, etc. Ericsson was first to apply the screw propeller to navigation. The English peo- ple not receiving this new departure readily, Ericsson came to America in 1839, and built the United States steamer, "Prince- ton," in which the screw-propeller was util- ized, the first steamer ever built in which the propeller was under water, out of range of the enemy's shots. The achievement which gave him greatest renown, however, was the ironclad vessel, the " Monitor," an entirely new type of vessel, which, in March, 1S62, attacked the Confederate monster ironclad ram, "Virginia," and after a fierce struggle, compelled her to withdraw from Hampton Roads for repairs. After the war one of his most noted inventions was his vessel, " Destroyer," with a submarine gun, which carried a projectile torpedo. In 1886 the king of Spain conferred on him the grand cross of the Order of Naval Merit. He died in March, 18S9, and his body was transferred, with naval honors, to the country of his birth. JAMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth presi- dent of the United States, was a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Franklin county, April 23, 1791. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having come to this country in 1783, in quite humble circum- stances, and settled in the western part of the Keystone state. James Buchanan remained in his se- cluded home for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious and frugal, and prospered, and, in 1799, the family removed to Mercersbur Pennsylvania, where he was placed in school. His progress was rapid, and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle, where he took his place among the best scholars in the institution. In 1809 he graduated with the highest hon- ors in his class. He was then eighteen, tall, graceful and in vigorous health. He com- menced the study of law at Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and took a stand with the ablest of his fellow lawyers. When but twenty-six years old he success- fully defended, unaided by counsel, one of the judges of the state who was before the bar of the state senate under articles of im- peachment. During the war of 1812-15, Mr. Buch- anan sustained the government with all his power, eloquently urging tin- vigorous prose- cution of the war, and enlisted as a private COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 129 volunteer to assist in repelling the British who had sacked and burned the public buildings of Washington and threatened Baltimore. At that time Buchanan was a Federalist, but the opposition of that party to the war with Great Britain and the alien and sedition laws of John Adams, brought that party into disrepute, and drove many, among them Buchanan, into the Re- publican, or anti-Federalist ranks. He was elected to congress in 1828. In 1831 he was sent as minister to Russia, and upon his return to this country, in 1833, was ele- vated to the United States senate, and re- mained in that position for twelve years. Upon the accession of President Polk to office he made Mr. Buchanan secretary of state. Four years later he retired to pri- vate life, and in 1853 he was honored with the mission to England. In 1856 the na- tional Democratic convention nominated him for the presidency and he was elected. It was during his administration that the rising tide of the secession movement over- look the country. Mr. Buchanan declared that the national constitution gave him no power to do anything against the movement to break up the Union. After his succession by Abraham Lincoln in i860, Mr. Buchanan retired to his home at Wheatland, Pennsyl- vania, where he died June 1, 1868. JOHN HARVARD, the founder of the kJ Harvard University, was born in Eng- land about the year 160S. He received his education at Emanuel College, Cambridge, and came to America in 1637, settling in Massachusetts. He was a non-conformist minister, and a tract of land was set aside :or him in Charlestown, near Boston. He was at once appointed one of a committee to formulate a body of laws for the colony. One year before his arrival in the colony the general court had voted the sum of four hundred pounds toward the establishment of a school or college, half of which was to be paid the next year In 1637 preliminary plans were made for starting the school. In 1638 John Harvard, who had shown great interest in the new institution of learning proposed, died, leaving his entire property, about twice the sum originally voted, to the school, together with three hundred volumes as a nucleus for a library. The institution was then given the name of Harvard, and established at Newton (now Cambridge), Massachusetts. It grew to be one of the two principal seats of learning in the new world, and has maintained its reputation since. It now consists of twenty-two separate build- ings, and its curriculum embraces over one hundred and seventy elective courses, and it ranks among the great universities of the world. ROGER BROOKE TANEY, a noted jurist and chief justice of the United States supreme court, was born in Calvert county, Maryland, March 17, 1777. He graduated fiom Dickinson College at the age of eighteen, took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. He was chosen to the legislature from his county, and in 1801 removed to Frederick, Mary- land. He became United States senator from Maryland in 18 16, and took up his permanent residence in Baltimore a few years later. In 1824 he became an ardent admirer and supporter of Andrew Jackson, and upon Jackson's election to the presi- dency, was appointed attorney general of the United States. Two years later he was appointed secretary of the treasury, and after serving in that capacity for nearly one year, the senate refused to confirm the ap- pointment. In 1835, upon the death of 130 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Chief-justice Marshal!, lie was appointed to that place, and a political change having occurred in the make up of the senate, he was confirmed in 1836. He presided at his first session in January of the following year. The case which suggests itself first to the average reader in connection with this jurist is the celebrated " Dred Scott " case, which came before the supreme court for decision in 1856. In his opinion, delivered on behalf of a majority of the court, one remarkable statement occurs as a result of an exhaustive survey of the historical grounds, to the effect that " for more than a century prior to the adoption of the con- stitution they (Africans) had been regarded so far inferior that they had no rights which a white man was bound to respect." Judge Taney retained the office of chief justice until his death, in 1864. JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY.— This gen- tleman had a world-wide reputation as an historian, which placed him in the front rank of the great men of America. He was born April 15, 18 14, at Dorchester, Massa- chusetts, was given a thorough preparatory education and then attended Harvard, from which he was graduated in 1 83 1 . He also studied at Gottingen and Berlin, read law and in 1836 was admitted to the bar. In 1841 he was appointed secretary of the legation at St. Petersburg, and in 1866-67 served as United States minister to Austria, serving in the same capacity during 1869 and 1870 to England. In 1S56, after long and exhaustive research and preparation, he published in London "The Rise of the Dutch Republic." It embraced three vol- umes and immediately attracted great at- tention throughout Europe and America as a work of unusual merit. From 1861 to 1868 he produced "The History of the United Netherlands," in four volumes. Other works followed, with equal success, and his position as one of the foremost his torians and writers of his day was firmly established. His death occured May 29, ■877- ELIAS HOWE, the inventor of the sew- ing machine, well deserves to be classed among the great and noted men of Amer- ica. He was the son of a miller and farmer and was born at Spencer, Massachusetts, July 9, 1 8 19. In 1835 he went to Lowell and worked there, and later at Boston, in the machine shops. His first sewing machine was completed in 1845, and he patented it in 1846, laboring with the greatest persistency in spite of poverty and hardships, working for a time as an engine driver on a railroad at pauper wages and with broken health. He then spent two years of unsuccessful ex- ertion in England, striving in vain to bring his invention into public notice and use. He returned to the United States in almost hopeless poverty, to find that his patent had been violated. At last, however, he found friends who assisted him financially, and after years of litigation he made good his claims in the courts in 1854. His inven- tion afterward brought him a large fortune. During the Civil war he volunteered as a private in the Seventeenth Connecticut Vol- unteers, and served for some time. During his life time he received the cross of the Legion of Honor and many other medals. His death occurred October 3, 1867, at Brooklyn, New York. PHILLIPS BROOKS, celebrated as an eloquent preacher and able pulpit tor, was born in Boston on the 13th d December, 1835. He received exc COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 131 educational advantages, and graduated at Harvard in 1855. Early in life he decided upon the ministry as his life work and studied theology in the Episcopal Theolog- ical Seminary, at Alexandria, Virginia. In 1859 he was ordained and the same year became pastor of the Church of the Advent, in Philadelphia. Three years later he as- sumed the pastorate of the Church of the Holy Trinity, where he remained until 1870. At the expiration of that time he accepted the pastoral charge of Trinity Church in Boston, where his eloquence and ability at- tracted much attention and built up a pow- erful church organization. Dr. Brooks also devoted considerable time to lecturing and literary work and attained prominence in these lines. WILLIAM B. ALLISON, a statesman of national reputation and one of the leaders of the Republican party, was born March 2, 1829, at Perry, Ohio. He grew up on his father's farm, which he assisted in cultivating, and attended the district school. When sixteen years old he went to the academy at Wooster, and subse- quently spent a year at the Allegheny Col- lege, at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He next taught school and spent another year at the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio. Mr. Allison then took up the study of law at Wooster, where he was admitted to the barini85i, and soon obtained a position as deputy county clerk. His political lean- ings were toward the old line Whigs, who afterward laid the foundation of the Repub- lican party. He was a delegate to the state convention in 1856, in the campaign of which he supported Fremont for president. Mr Allison removed to Dubuque, Iowa, in the following year. He rapidly rose to prominence at the bar and in politics. In i860 he was chosen as a delegate to the Republican convention held in Chicago, of which he was elected one of the secretaries. At the outbreak of the civil war he was ap- pointed on the staff of the governor. His congressional career opened in 1862, when he was elected to the thirty-eighth congress; he was re-elected three times, serving from March 4, 1S63, to March 3, 1S71. He was a member of the ways and means committee a good part of his term. His career in the United States senate began in 1873, and he rapidly rose to eminence in national affairs, his service of a quarter of a century in that body being marked by close fealty to the Republican party. He twice declined the portfolio of the treasury tendered him by Garfield and Harrison, and his name was prominently mentioned for the presidency at several national Republican conventions. IVl tUI ARY ASHTON LIVERMORE, lec- irer and writer, was born in Boston, December 19, 1821. She was the daughter of Timothy Rice, and married D. P. Liver- more, a preacher of the Universalist church. She contributed able articles to many of the most noted periodicals of this country and England. During the Civil war she labored zealously and with success on behalf of the sanitary commission which played so impor- tant a part during that great struj^le. She became editor of the " Woman's Journal," published at Boston in 1870. She held a prominent place as a public speaker and writer on woman's suffrage, temperance, social and religious questions, and her influence was great in evurv cause she advocated. JOHN B. GOUGH, a noted temperance lecturer, who won his fame in America, was born in the village of Sandgate, Kent, 132 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY England, August 22, 1817. He came to the United States at the age of twelve. He followed the trade of bookbinder, and lived in great poverty on account of the liquor habit. In 1843, however, he re- formed, and began his career as a temper- ance lecturer. He worked zealously in the cause of temperance, and his lectures and published articles revealed great earnestness. He formed temperance societies throughout the entire country, and labored with great success. He visited England in the same cause about the year 1853 and again in 1878. He also lectured upon many other topics, in which he attained a wide reputa- tion. His death occurred February 18, 1886. THOMAS BUCHANAN READ, author, sculptor and painter, was born in Ches- ter county, Pennsylvania, March 12, 1822. He early evinced a taste for art, and began the study of sculpture in Cincinnati. Later he found painting more to his liking. He went to New York, where he followed this profession, and later to Boston. In 1846 he located in Philadelphia. He visited Italy in 1850, and studied at Florence, where he resided almost continuously for twenty-two years. He returned to America in 1872, and died in New York May 11 of the same year. He was the author of many heroic poems, but the one giving him the most re- nown is his famous "Sheridan's Ride," of which he has also left a representation in painting. EUGENE V. DEBS, the former famous president of the American Railway Union, and great labor leader, was born in the city of Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1855. He received his education in the public schools of that place and at the age of sixteen years began work as a painter in the Vandalia shops. After this, for some three years, he was employed as a loco- motive fireman on the same road. His first appearance in public life was in his canvass for the election to the office of city clerk of Terre Haute. In this capacity he served two terms, and when twenty six years of age was elected a member of the legislature of the state of Indiana. While a member of that body he secured the passage of several bills in the interest of organized labor, of which he was always a faithful champion. Mr. Debs' speech nominating Daniel Voorhees for the United States senate gave him a wide reputation for oratory. On the expiration of his term in the legislature, he was elected grand secre- tary and treasurer of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Fireman and filled that office for fourteen successive years. He was always an earnest advocate of confederation of railroad men and it was mainly through his efforts that the United Order of Railway Employes, composed of the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen and Conductors, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and the Switchmen's Mutual Aid Association was formed, and he became a member of its supreme council. The order was dissolved by disagreement between two of its leading orders, and then Mr. Debs conceived the idea of the American Railway Union. He worked on the details and the union came into existence in Chicago, June 20, 1 893. For a time it prospered and became one of the largest bodies of railway men in the world. It won in a contest with the Great Northern Railway. In the strike made by the union in sympathy with the Pullman employes inaugurated in Chicago June 25, 1S94. and the consequent rioting, the Railway Union COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 1&3 lost much prestige and Mr. Debs, in company with others of the officers, being held as in con- tempt of the United States courts, he suffered a sentence of six months in jail at Wood- stock, McHenry county, Illinois. In 1897 Mr. Debs, on the demise of the American Railway Union, organized the Social Democracy, an institution founded on the best lines of the communistic idea, which was to provide homes and employment for its members. JOHN G. CARLISLE, famous as a law- yer, congressman, senator and cabinet officer, was born in Campbell (now Kenton) county, Kentucky, September 5, 1835, on a farm. He received the usual education oi the time and began at an early age to teach school and, at the same time, the study of law. Soon opportunity offered and he entered an office in Covington, Kentucky, and was admitted to practice at the bar in 1858. Politics attracted his attention and in 1859 he was elected to the house of rep- resentatives in the legislature of his native state. On the outbreak of the war in 1861, he embraced the cause of the Union and was largely instrumental in preserving Kentucky to the federal cause. He resumed his legal practice for a time and declined a nomina- tion as presidential elector in 1864. ' In 1866 and again in 1869 Mr. Carlisle was elected to the senate of Kentucky. He re- signed this position in 1871 and was chosen lieutenant governor of the state, which office he held until 1875. He was one of the presidential electors-at-large for Ken- tucky in 1876. He first entered congress in 1877, and soon became a prominent leader on the Democratic side of the house of rep- resentatives, and continued a member of that body through the forty-sixth, forty- seventh, forty-eighth and forty-ninth con- gresses, and was speaker of the house during the two latter. He was elected to the United States senate to succeed Senator Blackburn, and remained a member of that branch of congress until March, 1S93, when he was appointed secretary of the treasury. He performed the duties of that high office until March 4, 1897, throughout the en- tire second administration of President Cleveland. His ability and many years of public service gave him a national reputa- tion. FRANCES E. WILLARD, for many years president of the -Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and a noted American lecturer and writer, was born in Rochester, New York, September 28, 1839. Graduating from the Northwestern Female College at the age of nineteen she began teaching and met with great success in many cities of the west. She was made directress of Genesee Wes- leyan Seminary at Lima, Ohio, in 1867, and four years later was elected president of the Evanston College for young ladies, a branch of the Northwestern University. During the two years succeeding 1869 she traveled extensively in Europe and the east, visiting Egypt and Palestine, and gathering materials for a valuable course of lectures, which she delivered at Chicago on her return. She became very popular, and won great influence in the temperance cause. Her work as president of the Wo- man's Christian Temperance Union greatly strengthened that society, and she made frequent trips to Europe in the interest of that cause. RICHARD OLNEY.— Among the promi- nent men who were members of the cabinet of President Cleveland in his second administration, the gentleman whose nama 134 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATHT. heads this sketch held a leading place, oc- cupying the positions of . attorney general and secretary of State. Mr. Olney came from one of the oldest and most honored New England families; the first of his ancestors to come from Eng- land settled in Massachusetts in 1635. This was Thomas Olney. He was a friend and co-religionist of Roger Williams, and when the latter moved to what is now Rhode Island, went with him and became one of the founders of Providence Plantations. Richard Olney was born in Oxford, Massachusetts, in 1835, and received the elements of his earlier education in the com- mon schools which New England is so proud of. He entered Brown University, from which he graduated in 1856, and passed the Harvard law school two years later. He began the practice of his profession with judge B. F. Thomas, a prominent man of that locality. For years Richard Olney was regarded as one of the ablest and most learned lawyers in Massachusetts. Twice he was offered a place on the bench of the supreme court of the state, but both times he declined. He was always a Democrat in his political tenets, and for many years was a trusted counsellor of members of that party. In 1874 Mr. Olney was elected a member of the legislature. In 1876, during the heated presidential campaign, to strengthen the cause of Mr. Tilden in the New England states, it was intimated that iri the event of that gentleman's election to the presidency, Mr. Olney would be attor- ney peneral. When Grover Cleveland was elected presi- f*«"«lt of the United States, on his inaugura- tion in March, 1893, he tendered the posi- tion of attorney general to Richard Olney. This was accepted, and that gentleman ful- filled the duties of the office until the death of Walter Q. Gresham, in May, 1895. made vacant the position of secretary of state. This post was filled by the appointment of Mr. Olney. While occupying the later office, Mr. Olney brought himself into inter- national prominence by some very able state papers. JOHN JAY KNOX, for many yearscomp- troller of the currency, and an eminent financier, was born in Knoxboro, Oneida count}', New York, May 19. 1828. He re- ceived a good education and graduated at Hamilton College in 1849. For about thirteen years he was engaged as a private banker, or in a position in a bank, where he laid the foundation of his knowledge of the laws of finance. In 1862, Salmon P. Chase, then secretary of the treasury, ap- pointed him to an office in that department of the government, and later he had charge of the mint coinage correspondence. In 1867 Mr. Knox was made deputy comptroller of the currency, and in that capacity, in 1870, he made two reports on the mint service, with a codification of the mint and coinage laws of the United States, and suggesting many important amendments These reports were ordered printed by reso- lution of congress. The bill which he pre- pared, with some slight changes, was sub- sequently passed, and has been known in history as the " Coinage Act of 1873." In 1872 Mr. Knox wcs appointed comp- troller of the currency, and held that re- sponsible position until 1884, when he re- signed. He then accepted the position of president of the National Bank of the Re- public, of New York City, which institution he served for many years. He was the author of " United States Notes," published in 1884. In the reports spoken of above, a history of the two United States banks i= COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 135 given, together with that of the state and national banking system, and much valuable statistical matter relating to kindred sub- jects. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.— In the opinion of many critics Hawthorne is pronounced the foremost American novelist, and in his peculiar vein of romance is said to be without a peer. His reputation is world-wide, and his ability as a writer is recognized abroad as well as at home. He was born July 4, 1804, at Salem, Massa- chusetts. On account of feeble health he spent some years of his boyhood on a farm near Raymond, Maine. He laid the foun- dation of a liberal education in his youth, and entered Bowdoin College, from which he graduated in 1825 in the same class with H W Longfellow and John S. C. Abbott. He then returned to Salem, where he gave his attention to literature, publishing several tales and other articles in various periodi- cals. His first venture in the field of ro- mance, " Fanshaw,'' proved a failure. In 1836 he removed to Boston, and' became editor of the "American Magazine," which soon passed out of existence. In 1837 he published "Twice Told Tales," which were chiefly made up of his former contributions to magazines. In 1838-41 he held a posi- tion in the Boston custom house, but later took part in the "Brook farm experiment," a socialistic idea after the plan of Fourier. In 1843 he was married and took up his residence at the old parsonage at Concord, Massachusetts, which he immortalized in his next work, "Mosses From an Old Manse," published in 1846. From the lat- ter date until 1850 he was surveyor of the port of Salem, and while thus employed wrote one of his strongest works, "The Scarlet Letter." For the succeeding two 8 years Lenox, Massachusetts, was his home, and the " House of the Seven Gables" was produced there, as well as the " Blithedale Romance." In 1852 he published a "Life of Franklin Pierce," a college friend whom he warmly regarded. In 1853 he was ap- pointed United States consul to Liverpool, England, where he remained some years, after which he spent some time in Italy. On returning to his native land he took up his residence at Concord, Massachusetts. While taking a trip for his health with ex- President Pierce, he died at Plymouth, New Hampshire, May 19, 1864. In addition to the works mentioned above Mr. Hawthorne gave to the world the following books: " True Stories from History," "The Won- der Book," " The Snow Image," "Tangle- wood Tales," "The Marble Faun," and ' ' Our Old Home. " After his death appeared a series of "Notebooks," edited by his wife, Sophia P. Hawthorne; " Septimius Felton," edited by his daughter, Una, and " Dr. Grimshaw's Secret," put into shape by his talented son, Julian. He left an unfinished work called " Dolliver Romance," which has been published just as he left it. ABRAHAM LINCOLN, sixteenth presi- dent of the United States, was born February 12, 1809, in Larue county (Har- din county), Kentucky, in a log-cabin near Hudgensville. When he was eight years old he removed with his parents to Indiana, near the Ohio river, and a year later his mother died. His father then married Mrs. Elizabeth (Bush) Johnston, of Elizabeth- town, Kentucky, who proved a kind of fos- ter-mother to Abraham, and encouraged him to study. He worked as a farm hand and as a clerk in a store at Gentryville, and was noted for his athletic feats and strength, fondness for debate, a fund of humorous 136 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. anecdote, as well as the composition of rude verses. He made a trip at the age of nine- teen to New Orleans on a flat-boat, and set- tled in Illinois in 1830. He assisted his father to build a log house and clear a farm on the Sangamon river near Decatur, Illinois, and split the rails with which to fence it. In 185 1 he was employed in the building of a flat-boat on the Sangamon, and to run it to New Orleans. The voyage gave him anew insight into the horrors of slavery in the south. On his return he settled at New Salem and engaged, first as a clerk in a store, then as grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and he piloted the first steamboat that as- cended the Sangamon. He participated in the Black Hawk war as captain of volun- teers, and after his return he studied law, interested himself in politics, and became prominent locally as a public speaker. He was elected to the legislature in 1834 as a " Clay Whig," and began at once to dis- play a command of language and forcible rhetoric that made him a match for his more cultured opponents. He was ad- mitted to the bar in 1837, and began prac- tice at Springfield. He married a lady of a prominent Kentucky family in 1842. He was active in the presidential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 and was an elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and was elected to congress in 1846, over Peter Cartwright. He voted for the Wilmot proviso and the abolition of slavery in the District of Colum- bia, and opposed the war with Mexico, but gained little prominence during his two years' service. He then returned to Spring- field and devoted his attention to law, tak- ing little interest in politics, until the repeal of the Missouri compromise and the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill in 1854. This awakened his interest in politics again and he attacked the champion of that measure, Stephen A. Douglas, in a speech at Spring- field that made him famous, and is said by those who heard it to be the greatest speech of his life. Lincoln was selected as candidate for the United States senate, but was defeated by Trumbull. Upon the pas- sage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill the Whig party suddenly went to pieces, and the Re- publican party gathered head. At the Bloomington Republican convention in 1856 Lincoln made an effective address in which he first took a position antagonistic to the ex- istence of slavery. He was a Fremont elector and received a strong support for nomina- tion as vice-president in the Philadelphia convention. In 1858 he was the unanimous choice of the Republicans for the United States senate, and the great campaign of de- bate which followed resulted in the election of Douglas, but established Lincoln's repu- tation as the leading exponent of Republican doctrines. He began to be mentioned in Illinois as candidate for the presidency, and a course of addresses in the eastern states attracted favorable attention. When the national convention met at Chicago, his rivals, Chase, Seward, Bates and others, were compelled to retire before the western giant, and he was nominated, with Hannibal Hamlin as his running mate. The Demo- cratic party had now been disrupted, and Lincoln's election assured. He carried practically every northern state, and the secession of South Carolina, followed by a number of the gulf states, took place before his inauguration. Lincoln is the only presi- dent who was ever compelled to reach Washington in a secret manner. He es- caped assassination by avoiding Baltimore, and was quietly inaugurated March 4, 1861. His inaugural address was firm but con- ciliatory, and he said to the secessionists: " You have no oath registered in heaven COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 137 to destroy the government, while I have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it.' He made up his cabinet chiefly of those political rivals in his own party — Seward, Chase, Cameron, Bates — and se- cured the co-operation of the Douglas Dem- ocrats. His great deeds, amidst the heat and turmoil of war, were: His call for seventy-five thousand volunteers, and the blockading of southern ports; calling of con- gress in extra session, July 14, 1861, and obtaining four hundred thousand men and four hundred million dollars for the prosecu- tion of the war; appointing Stanton secre- tary of war; issuing the emancipation proc- lamation; calling three hundred thou- sand volunteers; address at Gettysburg cemetery; commissioned Grant as lieuten- ant-general and commander-in-chief of the armies of the United States; his second inaugural address; his visit to the army be- fore Richmond, and his entry into Rich- mond the day after its surrender. Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth in a box in Ford's theater at Washington the night of April 14, 1865, and expired the following morning. His body was buried at Oak Ridge cemetery, Springfield, Illinois, and a monument com- memorating his great work marks his resting place. STEPHEN GIRARD, the celebrated philanthropist, was born in Bordeaux, France, May 24, 1750. He became a sailor engaged in the American coast trade, and also made frequent trips to the West Indies. During the Revolutionary war he was a grocer and liquor seller in Philadelphia. He married in that city, and afterward separated from his wife. After the war he again engaged in the coast and West India trade, and his fortune began to accumulate from receiving goods from West Indian planters during the insurrection in Hayti, little of which was ever called for again. He became a private banker in Philadelphia in 1 812, and afterward was a director in the United States Bank. He made much money by leasing property in the city in times of depression, and upon the revival of industry sub-leasing at enormous profit. He became the wealthiest citizen of the United States of his time. He was eccentric, ungracious, and a freethinker. He had few, if any, friends in his lifetime. However, he was most chari- tably disposed, and gave to charitable in- stitutions and schools with a liberal hand. He did more than any one else to relieve the suffering and deprivations during the great yellow fever scourge in Philadelphia, devoting his personal attention to the sick. He endowed and made a free institution, the famous Will's Eye and Ear Infirmary of Philadelphia — one of the largest institu- tions of its kind in the world. At his death practically all his immense wealth was be- queathed to charitable institutions, more than two millions of dollars going to the founding of Girard College, which was to be devoted to the education and training of boys between the ages of six and ten years. Large donations were also made to institu- tions in Philadelphia and New Orleans. The principal building of Girard College is the most magnificent example of Greek architecture in America. Girard died De- cember 26, 183 1. LOUIS J. R. AGASSIZ, the eminent nat- uralist and geologist, was born in the parish of Motier, near Lake Neuchatel, Swit- zerland, May 28, 1807, but attained his greatest fame after becoming an American citizen. He studied the medical sciences at 138 COMPEXDU'M OF BIOGRAPHP Zurich, Heidelberg and Munich. His first work was a Latin description of the fishes which Martius and Spix brought from Brazil. This was published in 1 829-3 1 . He devoted much time to the study of fossil fishes, and in 1832 was appointed professor of natural history at Neuchatel. He greatly increased his reputation by a great work in French, entitled " Researches on Fossil Fishes," in 1832-42, in which he made many important improvements in the classification of fishes. Having passed many summers among the Alps in researches on glaciers, he propounded some new and interesting ideas on geology, and the agency of glaciers in his "Studies by the Glaciers." This was published in 1840. This latter work, with his " System of the Glaciers," published in 1847, are among his principal works. In 184G, Professor Agassiz crossed the ocean on a scientific excursion to the United States, and soon determined to remain here. He accepted, about the beginning of 1848, the chair of zoology and geology at Harvard. He explored the natural history of the United States at different times and gave an impulse to the study of nature in this country. In 1865 he conducted an expedi- tion to Brazil, and explored the lower Ama- zon and its tributaries. In 1868 he was made non-resident professor of natural his- tory at Cornell University. In December, 1 87 1, he accompanied the Hassler expedi- tion, under Professor Pierce, to the South Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, December 14, 1873. Among other of the important works of Professor Agassiz may be mentioned the fol- lowing: "Outlines of Comparative Physi- ology," "Journey to Brazil," and "Contri- butions to the Natural History of the United States." It is said of Professor Agassiz, that, perhaps, with the exception of Hugh Miller, no one had so popularized science in his day, or trained so many young natural- ists. Many of the theories held by Agassiz are not supported by many of the natural- ists of these later days, but upon many of the speculations into the origin of species and in physics he has left the marks of his own strongly marked individuality. WILLIAM WINDOM.— As a prominent and leading lawyer of the great north- west, as a member of both houses of con- gress, and as the secretary of the treasury, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch won for himself a prominent position in the history of our country. Mr. Windom was a native of Ohio, born in Belmont county, May 10, 1827. He received a good elementary education in the schools of his native state, and took up the study of law. He was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of his profession in Ohio, where he remained until 1855. In the latter year he made up his mind to move further west, and accordingly went to Minnesota, and opening an office, became identified with the interests of that state, and the northwest generally. In 1858 he took his place in the Minnesota delegation in the national house of repre- sentatives, at Washington, and continued to represent his constituency in that body for ten years. In 1871 Mr. Windom was elected United States senator from Min- nesota, and was re-elected to the same office after fulfilling the duties of the position for a full term, in 1876. On the inauguration of President Garfield, in March, 1881, Mr. Windom became secretary of the treasury in his cabinet. He resigned this office Oc- tober 27, 1 88 1 , and was elected senator from the North Star state to fill the va- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 139 cancy caused by the resignation of A. J. Edferton. Mr. Windom served in that chamber until March, 1883. William Windom died in New York City January 29, 1891. DON M. DICKINSON, an American politician and lawyer, was born in Port Ontario, New York, January 17, 1846. He removed with his parents to Michigan when he was but two years old. He was educated in the public schools of Detroit and at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty-one. In 1872 he was made secretary of the Democratic state central committee of Michigan, and his able man- agement of the campaign gave him a prom- inent place in the councils of his party. In 1876, during the Tilden campaign, he acted as chairman of the state central committee. He was afterward chosen to represent his state in the Democratic national committee, and in 1886 he was appointed postmaster- general by President Cleveland. After the expiration of his term of office he returned to Detroit and resumed the practice of law. In the presidential campaign of 1896, Mr. Dickinson adhered to the "gold wing" of the Democracy, and his influence was felt in the national canvass, and especially in his own state. JOHN iACOB ASTOR, the founder of the Astor family and fortunes, while not a native of this country, was one of the most noted men of his time, and as all his wealth and fame were acquired here, he may well be classed among America's great men. He was born near Heidelberg, Ger- many, July 17, 1763, and when twenty years old emigrated to the United States. Even at that aire he exhibited remarkable business ability and foresight, and soon he was investing capital in furs which he took to London and sold at a great profit. He next settled at New York, and engaged ex- tensively in the fur trade. He exported furs to Europe in his own vessels, which re- turned with cargoes of foreign commodities, and thus he rapidly amassed an immense fortune. In 181 1 he founded Astoria on the western coast of North America, near the mouth of the Columbia river, as a depot for the fur trade, for the promotion of which he sent a number of expeditions to the Pacific ocean. He also purchased a large amount of real estate in New York, the value of which increased enormously All through life his business ventures were a series of marvelous successes, and he ranked as one of the most sagacious and successful business men in the world. He diea March 29, 1848, leaving a fortune es- timated at over twenty million dollars to his children, who have since increased it. John Jacob Astor left $400,000 to found a public library in New York City, and his son, William B. Astor, who died in 1875, left $300,000 to add to his father's bequest. This is known as the Astor Library, one of the largest in the United States. SCHUYLER COLFAX, an eminent American statesman, was born in New York City, March 23, 1823, being a grand- son of General William Colfax, the com- mander of Washington's life-guards. In 1836 he removed with his mother, who was then a widow, to Indiana, settling at South Bend. Young Schuyler studied law, and in 1845 became editor of the "St. Joseph Valley Register, " a Whig paper published at South Bend. He was a member of the convention which formed a new constitu- tion for Indiana in 1850, and he opposed 1J0 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. the clause that prohibited colored men from settling in that state. In 185 i he was defeated as the Whig candidate for congress but was elected in 1854, and, being repeat- edly re-elected, continued to represent that district in congress until 1869. He became one of the most prominent and influential members of the house of representatives, and served three terms as speaker. During the Civil war he was an active participant in all public measures of importance, and was a confidential friend and adviser of President Lincoln. In May, 1868, Mr. Colfax was nominated for vice-president on the ticket with General Grant, and was elected. After the close of his term he re- tired from office, and for the remainder of his life devoted much of his time to lectur- ing and literary pursuits. His death oc- curred January 23, 1SS5. He was one of the most prominent members of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows in America, and that order erected a bronze statue to his memory in University Park. Indianapo- lis, Indiana, which was unveiled in May, 1887. WILLIAM FREEMAN VILAS, who at- tained a national reputation as an able lawyer, statesman, and cabinet officer, was born at Chelsea, Vermont, July 9, 1840. His parents removed to Wisconsin when our subject was but eleven years of age, and there with the early settlers endured all the hardships and trials incident to pioneer life. William p. Vilas was given all the advantages found in the common schools, and supplemented this by a course of study in the Wisconsin State University, after which he studied law, was admitted to the bar and began practicing at Madison. Shortly afterward the Civil war broke out and Mr. Vilas enlisted and became colonel of the Twenty-third regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, serving throughout the war with distinction. At the close of the war he re- turned to Wisconsin, resumed his law prac- tice, and rapidly rose to eminence in this profession. In 1885 he was selected by President Cleveland for postmaster-general and at the close of his term again returned to Madison, Wisconsin, to resume the prac- tice of law. THOMAS McINTYRE COOLEY, an em- inent American jurist and law writer, was born in Attica, New York, January 6, 1824. He was admitted to the bar in 1846, and four years later was appointed reporter of the supreme court of Michigan, which office he continued to hold for seven years. In the meantime, in 1859, he became pro- fessor of the law department of the Univer- sity of Michigan, and soon afterward was made dean of the faculty of that depart- ment. In 1864 he was elected justice of the supreme court of Michigan, in 1867 be- came chief justice of that court, and in 1869 was re-elected for a term of eight years. In 1 88 1 he again joined the faculty of the University of Michigan, assuming the professorship of constitutional and adminis- trative law. His works on these branches have become standard, and he is recog- nized as authority on this and related sub- jects. Upon the passage of the inter-state commerce law in 1887 he became chairman of the commission and served in that capac- ity four years. JOHN PETER ALTGELD, a noted American politician and writer on social questions, was born in Germany, December 30, 1847. He came to America with his parents and settled in Ohio when two years old. In 1 864 he entered the Union army COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATHT. 141 and served till the close of the war, after which he settled in Chicago, Illinois. He was elected judge of the superior court of Cook county, Illinois, in 1886, in which capacity he served until elected governor of Illinois in 1S92, as a Democrat. During the first year of his term as governor he at- tracted national attention by his pardon of the anarchists convicted of the Haymarket murder in Chicago, and again in 1894 by his denunciation of President Cleveland for calling out federal troops to suppress the rioting in connection with the great Pull- man strike in Chicago. At the national convention of the Democratic party in Chi- cago, in July, 1896, he is said to have in- spired the clause in the platform denuncia- tory of interference by federal authorities in local affairs, and "government by injunc- tion." He was gubernatorial candidate for re-election on the Democratic ticket in 1 896, but was defeated by John R. Tanner, Re- publican. Mr. Altgeld published two vol- umes of essays on " Live Questions," evinc- ing radical views on social matters. ADLAI EWING STEVENSON, an Amer. ican statesman and politician, was born in Christian county, Kentucky, October 23, 1835, and removed with the family to Bloomington, Illinois, in 1852. He was admitted to the bar in 1858, and set- tled in the practice of his profession in Metamora, Illinois. In 1861 he was made master in chancery of Woodford county, and in 1864 was elected state's at- torney. In 1868 he returned to Blooming- ton and formed a law partnership with James S. Ewing. He had served as a pres- idential elector in 1864, and in 1868 was elected to congress as a Democrat, receiv- ing a majority vote from every county in his district. He became prominent in his party, and was a delegate to the national convention in 1884. On the election of Cleveland to the presidency Mr. Stevenson was appointed first assistant postmaster- general. After the expiration of his term he continued to exert a controlling influence in the politics of his state, and in 1892 was elected vice-president of the United States on the ticket with Grover Cleveland. At the expiration of his term of office he re- sumed the practice of law at Bloomington, Illinois. SIMON CAMERON, whose name is prominently identified with the history of the United States as a political leader and statesman, was born in Lancaster coun- ty, Pennsylvania, March 8, 1799. He grew to manhood in his native county, receiving good educational advantages, and develop- ing a natural inclination for political life. He rapidly rose in prominence and became the most influential Democrat in Pennsyl- vania, and in 1845 was elected by that party to the United States senate. Upon the organization of the Republican party he was one of the first to declare his allegiance to it, and in 1856 was re-elected United States senator from Pennsylvania as a Republican. In March, 1861, he was appointed secretary of war by President Lincoln, and served until early in 1862, when he was sent as minister' to Russia, returning in 1863. In 1866 he was again elected United States senator and served until 1877, when he re- signed and was succeeded by his son, James Donald Cameron. He continued to exert a powerful influence in political affairs up to the time of his death, June 26, 1889. James Donald Cameron was the eld- est son of Simon Cameron, and also attained a high rank among American statesmen. He was born at Harrisburg, 142 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Pennsylvania, May 14, 1833, and received an excellent education, graduating at Princeton College in 1852. He rapidly developed into one of the most able and successful business men of the country and was largely inter- ested in and identified with the develop- ment of the coal, iron, lumber and manu- facturing interests of his native state. He served as cashier and afterward president of the Middletown bank, and in 1861 was made vice-president, and in 1863 president of the Northern Central railroad, holding this position until 1874, when he resigned and was succeeded by Thomas A. Scott. This road was of great service to the government during the war as a means of communica- tion between Pennsylvania and the national capital, via Baltimore. Mr. Cameron also took an active part in political affairs, always as a Republican. In May, 1876, he was appointed secretary of war in Pres- ident Grant's cabinet, and in 1877 suc- ceeded his father in the United States senate. He was re-elected in 1885, and again in 1 891 , serving until 1896, and was recognized as one of the most prominent and influential members of that bodv. ADOLPHUS W. GREELEY, a famous American arctic explorer, was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, March 27, :<844. He graduated from Brown High School at the age of sixteen, and a year later enlisted in Company B, Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry, and was made first sergeant. In 1863 he was promoted to second lieutenant. After the war he was assigned to the Fifth United States Cavalry, and became first lieutenant in 1873. He was assigned to duty in the United States signal service shortly after the clcse of the war. An expedition was fitted out by the United States government in 1881, un- der auspices of the weather bureau, and Lieutenant Greeley placed in command. They set sail from St. Johns the first week in July, and after nine days landed in Green- land, where they secured the services of two natives, together with sledges, dogs, furs and equipment. They encountered an ice pack early in August, and on the 28th of that month freezing weather set in. Two of his party, Lieutenant Lockwood and Ser- geant Brainard, added to the known maps about forty miles of coast survey, and reached the highest point yet attained by man, eighty-three degrees and twenty-four minutes north, longitude, forty-four degrees and five minutes west. On their return to Fort Conger, Lieutenant Greeley set out for the south on August 9, 1883. He reached Baird Inlet twenty days later with his entire party. Here they were compelled to abandon their boats, and drifted on an ice-floe for one month. They then went into camp at Cape Sabine, where they suf- fered untold hardships, and eighteen of the party succumbed to cold and hunger, and had relief been delayed two days longer none would have been found alive. They were picked up by the relief expedition, under Captain Schley, June 22, 1884. The dead were taken to New York for burial. Many sensational stories were published concerning the expedition, and Lieutenant Greeley prepared an exhaustive account of his explorations and experiences. LEVI P. MORTON, the millionaire poli- tician, was born in Shoreham, Ver- mont, May 16, 1824, and his early educa- tion consisted of the rudiments which he obtained in the common school up to t.he of fourteen, and after that time what knowledge he gained was wrested from the hard school of experience. He removed to COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 143 Hanover, Vermont, then Concord, Vermont, and afterwards to Boston. He had worked in a store at Shoreham, his native village, and on going to Hanover he established a store and went into business for himself. In Boston he clerked in a dry goods store, and then opened a business of his own in the same line in New York. After a short career he failed, and was compelled to set- tle with his creditors at only fifty cents on the dollar. He began the struggle anew, and when the war began he established a banking house in New York, with Junius Morgan as a partner. Through his firm and connections the great government war loans were floated, and it resulted in im- mense profits to his house. When he was again thoroughly established he invited his former creditors to a banquet, and under each guest's plate was found a check cover- ing the amount of loss sustained respec- tively, with interest to date. President Garfield appointed Mr. Mor- ton as minister to France, after he had de- clined the secretaryship of the navy, and in 1888 he was nominated as candidate for vice-president, with Harrison, and elected. In 1894 he was elected governor of New York over David B. Hill, and served one term. CHARLES KENDALL ADAMS, one of the most talented and prominent educators this country has known, was born January 24, 1835, at Derby, Vermont. He received an elementary education in the common schools, and studied two terms in the Derby Academy. Mr. Adams moved with his parents to Iowa in 1856. He was very anxious to pursue a collegiate course, but this was impossible until he had attained the age of twenty-one. In the autumn of 1856 he began the study of Latin and Greek at Denmark Academy, and in September, 1857, he was admitted to the University of Michigan. Mr. Adams was wholly depend- ent upon himself for the means of his edu- cation. During his third and fourth year he became deeply interested in historical studies, was assistant librarian of the uni- versity, and determined to pursue a post- graduate course. In 1864 he was appointed instructor of history and Latin and was ad- vanced to an assistant professorship in 1865, and in 1867, on the resignation o\ Professoi White to accept the presidency of Cornell,, he was appointed to fill the chair of profes- sor of history. This he accepted on con- dition of his being allowed to spend a year for special study in Germany, France and Italy. Mr. Adams returned in 1868, and assumed the duties of his professorship. He introduced the German system for the instruction of advanced history classes, and his lectures were largely attended. In 1885, on the resignation of President White at Cornell, he was elected his successor and held the office for seven years, and on Jan- uary 17, 1893, he was inaugurated presi- dent of the University of Wisconsin. Pres- ident Adams was prominently connected with numerous scientific and literary organ- izations and a frequent contributor to the historical and educational data in the peri- odicals and journals of the country. He was the author of the following: " Dem- ocracy and Monarchy in France," " Manual of Historical Literature," " A Plea for Sci- entific Agriculture," " Higher Education in Germany." JOSEPH B. FORAKER, a prominent po- litical leader and ex-governor of Ohio, was born near Rainsboro, Highland county, Ohio, July 5, 1846. His parents operated a small farm, with a grist and sawmill, hav- 144 COMPEXDIl'M OF BIOGRAPI/r. ing emigrated hither from Virginia and Delaware on account of their distaste for slavery. Joseph was reared upon a farm until 1862, when he enlisted in the Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry. Later he was made ser- geant, and in 1864 commissioned first lieu- tenant. The next year he was brevetted captain. At the age of nineteen he was mustered out of the army after a brilliant service, part of the time being on the staff of General Slocum. He participated in the battles of Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mount- ain and Kenesaw Mountain and in Sher- man's march to the sea. For two years subsequent to the war young Foraker was studying at the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, but later went to Cornell University, at Unity, New York, from which he graduated July 1, 1869. He studied law and w^as admitted to the bar. In 1879 Mr. Foraker was elected judge of the superior court of Cincinnati and held the office for three years. In 1883 he was defeated in the contest for the gov- ernorship with Judge Hoadly. In 1885, however, being again nominated for the same office, he was elected and served two terms. In 1889, in running for governor again, this time against James E. Camp- bell, he was defeated. Two years later his career in the United States senate began. Mr. Foraker was always a prominent figure at all national meetings of the Republican party, and a strong power, politically, in his native state. preacher and author. Lyman Abbott was born December 18, 1835, in Roxbury, Massachusetts. He graduated at the New York University, in 1853, studied law, and practiced for a time at the bar, after which he studied theology with his uncle, Rev. John S. C. Abbott, and in i860 was settled in the ministry at Terre Haute, Indiana, re- maining there until after the close of the war. He then became connected with the Freedmen's Commission, continuing this until 1868, when he accepted the pastorate of the New England Congregational church, in New York City. A few years later he re- signed, to devote his time principally to lit- erary pursuits. For a number of years he edited for the American Tract Society, its ••Illustrated Christian Weekly," also the New York "Christian Union." He pro- duced many works, which had a wide circu- lation, among which may be mentioned the following: "Jesus of Nazareth, His Life and Teachings," "Old Testament Shadows of New Testament Truths," "Morning and Evening Exercises, Selected from Writings of Henry Ward Beecher," " Laicus, or the Experiences of a Layman in a Country Parish," "Popular Religious Dictionary," and "Commentaries on Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and Acts." LYMAN ABBOTT, an eminent American preacher and writer on religious sub- jects, came of a noted New England family. His father, Rev. Jacob Abbott, was a prolific and popular writer, and his uncle, Rev. John S. C. Abbott, was a noted GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS.— The well-known author, orator and journal- ist whose name heads this sketch, was born at Providence, Rhode Island, February 24, 1824. Having laid the foundation of a most excellent education in his native land, he went to Europe and studied at the Uni- versity of Berlin. He made an extensive tour throughout the Levant, from which he returned home in 1850. At that early age literature became his field of labor, and in 1 85 1 he published his first important work, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 145 " Nile Notes of a Howadji. " In 1852 two works issued from his facile pen, "The Howadji in Syria," and " Lotus-Eating. " Later on he was the author of the well- known " Potiphar Papers," " Prue and I," and "Trumps." He greatly distinguished himself throughout this land as a lecturer on many subjects, and as an orator had but few peers. He was also well known as one of the most fluent speakers on the stump, making many political speeches in favor of the Republican party. In recognition of his valuable services, Mr. Curtis was ap- pointed by President Grant, chairman of the advisory board of the civil service. Al- though a life-long Republican, Mr. Curtis refused to support Blaine for the presidency in 1884, because of his ideas on civil ser- vice and other reforms. For his memorable and magnificent eulogy on Wendell Phillips, delivered in Boston, in 1884, that city pre- sented Mr. Curtis with a gold medal. George W. Curtis, however, is best known to the reading public of the United States by his connection with the Harper Brothers, having been editor of the " Har- per's Weekly, " and of the "Easy Chair," in " Harper's Monthly Magazine, "for many years, in fact retaining that position until the day of his death, which occurred August 3i. 1892. ANDREW JOHNSON, the seventeenth president of the United States, served from 1865 to 1869. He was born Decem- ber 8, 1808, at Raleigh, North Carolina, and was left an orphan at the age of four years. He never attended school, and was apprenticed to a tailor. While serving his apprenticeship he suddenly acquired a pas- sion for knowledge, and learned to read. From that time on he spent all his spare time in reading, and after working for two years as a journeyman tailor at Lauren's Court House, South Carolina, he removed to Greenville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and was married. Under his wife's instruction he made rapid progress in his studies and manifested such an interest in local politics as to be elected as " work- ingmen's candidate " alderman in 1828, and in 1830 to the mayoralty, and was twice re-elected to each office. Mr. Johnson utilized this time in cultivating his talents as a public speaker, by taking part in a de- bating society. He was elected in 1835 to the lower house of the legislature, was re- elected in 1839 as a Democrat, and in 1841 was elected state senator. Mr. John- son was elected representative in congress in 1843 and was re-elected four times in succession until 1853, when he was the suc- cessful candidate for the gubernatorial chair of Tennessee. He was re-elected in 1855 and in 1857 he entered the United States senate. In i860 he was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention for the presidential nomination, and lent his .influence to the Breckinridge wing of the party. At the election of Lin- coln, which brought about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Mr. John- son took a firm attitude in the senate for the Union. He was the leader of the loy- alists in East Tennessee. By the course that Mr. Johnson pursued in this crisis he was brought prominently before the north- ern people, and when, in March, 1S62, he was appointed military governor of Ten- nessee with the rank of brigadier-general, he increased his popularity by the vigorous manner in which he labored to restore order. In the campaign of 1864 he was elected vice-president on the ticket with President Lincoln, and upon the assassi- nation of the latter he succeeded to the 146 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. presidency, April 15, 1865. He retained the cabinet of President Lincoln, and at first exhibited considerable severity towards the former Confederates, but he soon inau- gurated a policy of reconstruction, pro- claimed a general amnesty to the late Con- federates, and established provisional gov- ernments in the southern states. These states claimed representation in congress in the following December, and then arose the momentous question as to what should be the policy of the victorious Union against their late enemies. The Republican ma- jority in congress had an apprehension that the President would undo the results of the war, and consequently passed two bills over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the government were in open antagonism. The cabinet was reconstructed in July, and Messrs. Randall, Stanbury and Browning superseded Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan. In August, 1867, Pres- ident Johnson removed the secretary of war and replaced him with General Grant, but when congress met in December it refused to ratify the removal of Stanton, who re- sumed the functions of his office. In 1868 the president again attempted to remove Stanton, who refused to vacate his post and was sustained by the senate. Presi- dent Johnson was accused by congress of high crimes and misdemeanors, but the trial resulted in his acquittal. Later he was Uni- ted States senator from Tennessee, and died July 31, 1875. EDMUND RANDOLPH, first attorney- general of the United States, was born in Virginia, August IO, 1753. His father, John Randolph, was attorney-general of Virginia, and lived and died a royalist. Ed- mund was educated in the law, but joined the army as aide-de-camp to Washington in 1775, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was elected to the Virginia convention in 1776, and attorney -general of the state the same year. In 1779 he was elected to the Continental congress, and served four years in that body. He was a member of the con- vention in 1787 that framed the constitu- tion. In that convention he proposed what was known as the " Virginia plan" of con- federation, but it was rejected. He advo- cated the ratification of the constitution in the Virginia convention, although he had re- fused to sign it. He became governor of Virginia in 1788, and the next year Wash- ington appointed him to the office of at- torney-general of the United States upon the organization of the government under the constitution. He was appointed secre- tary of state to succeed Jefferson during Washington's second term, but resigned a year later on account of differences in the cabinet concerning the policy pursued to- ward the new French republic. He died September 12, 181 3. W INFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK was born in Montgomery county, Penn- sylvania, February 14, 1824. He received his early education at the Norristown Academy, in his native county, and, in 1840, was appointed a cadet in the United States Military Academy, at West Point. He was graduated from the latter in 1844, and brev- etted as second lieutenant of infantry. In 1853 he was made first lieutenant, and two years later transferred to the quartermaster's department, with the rank of captain, and in 1863 promoted to the rank of major. He served on the frontier, and in the war with Mexico, displaying conspicuous gallantry dur- ing the latter. He also took a part in the Seminole war, and in the troubles in Kan- sas, in 1857, and in California, at the out- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 147 break of the Civil war, as chief quarter- master of the Southern district, he exerted a powerful influence. In 1 86 1 he applied for active duty in the field, and was assigned to the department of Kentucky as chief quartermaster, but before entering upon that duty, was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers. His subsequent history during the war was substantially that of the Army of the Potomac. He participated in the campaign, under McClellan, and led the gallant charge, which captured Fort Magru- der, won the day at the battle of Wil- liamsburg, and by services rendered at Savage's Station and other engagements, won several grades in the regular service, and was recommended by McClellan for major-general of volunteers. He was a con- spicuous figure at South Mountain and An- tietam. He was commissioned major-gen- eral of volunteers, November 29, 1862, and made commander of the First Division of the Second Corps, which he led at Fred- ricksburg and at Chancellorsville. He was appointed to the command of the Second Corps in June, 1863, and at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3, of that year, took an important part. On his arrival on the field he found part of the forces then in retreat, but stayed the retrograde movement, checked the enemy, and on the following day commanded the left center, repulsed, on the third, the grand assault of General Lee's army, and was severely wounded. For his services on that field General Hancock received the thanks of congress. On recovering from his wound, he was detailed to go north to stimulate re- cruiting and fill up the diminished corps, and was the recipient of many public receptions and ovations. In March, 1864, he returned to his command, and in the Wilderness and at Spottsylvania led large bodies of men successfully and conspicuously. From that on to the close of the campaign he was a prominent figure. In November, 1864, he was detailed to organize the First Veteran Reserve Corps, and at the close of hostilities was appointed to the command of the Mid- dle Military Division. In July, 1866, he was made major-general of the regular service. He was at the head of various military departments until 1872, when he was assigned to the command of the Depart- ment of the Atlantic, which post he held until his death. In 1869 he declined the nomination for governor of Pennsylvania. He was the nominee of the Democratic party for president, in 1880, and was de- feated by General Garfield, who had a popu- lar majority of seven thousand and eighteen and an electoral majority .of fifty-nine. Gen- eral Hancock died February 9, 1886. THOMAS PAINE, the most noted polit- ical and deistical writer of the Revolu- tionary period, was born in England, Jan- uary 29, 1737, of Quaker parents. His edu- cation was-obtained in the grammar schools of Thetford, his native town, and supple- mented by hard private study while working at his trade of stay-maker at London and other cities of England. He was for a time a dissenting preacher, although he did not relinquish his employment. He married a revenue official's daughter, and was employed in the revenue service for some time. He then became a grocer and during all this time he was reading and cultivating his literary tastes, and had developed a clear and forci- ble style of composition. He was chosen to represent the interests of the excisemen, and published a pamphlet that brought him considerable notice. He was soon after- ward introduced to Benjamin Franklin, and having been dismissed from the service on a 148 COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAPHY. charge of smuggling, his resentment led him to accept the advice of that statesman to come to America, in 1774. He became editor of the ' ' Pennsylvania Magazine," and the next year published his "Serious Thoughts upon Slavery" in the "Penn- sylvania Journal." His greatest political work, however, was written at the sugges- tion of Dr. Rush, and entitled "Common Sense." It was the most popular pamphlet written during the period and he received two thousand five hundred dollars from the state of Pennsylvania in recognition of its value. His periodical, the "Crisis," began in 1776, and its distribution among the soldiers did a great deal to keep up the spirit of revolution. He was made secretary of the committee of foreign affairs, but was dis- missed for revealing diplomatic secrets in one of his controversies with Silas Deane. He was originator land promoter of a sub- scription to relieve the distress of the soldiers near the close of the war, and was sent to France with Henry Laurens to negotiate the treaty with France, and was granted three thousand dollars by congress for his services there, and an estate at New Rochelle, by the state of New York. In 1787, after the close of the Revolu- tionary war, he went to France, and a few years later published his " Rights of Man," defending the French revolution, which gave him great popularity in p rance. He was made a citizen and elected to the na- tional convention at Calais. He favored banishment of the king to America, and opposed his execution. He was imprisoned for about ten months during 1794 by the Robespierre party, during which time he wrote the " Age of Reason," his great deis- tical work. He was in danger of the guillo- tine for several months. He took up his residence with the family of James Monroe, then minister to France and was chosen again to the convention. He returned to the United States in 1802, and was cordially received throughout the coun- try except at Trenton, where he was insulted by Federalists. He retired to his estate at New Rochelle, and his death occurred June 8, 1809. JOHN WILLIAM MACKAY was one of America's noted men, both in the de- velopment of the western coast and the building of the Mackay and Bennett cable. He was born in 1831 at Dublin, Ireland; came to New York in 1840 and his boyhood days were spent in Park Row. He went to California some time after the argonauts of 1849 and took to the primitive methods of mining — lost and won and finally drifted into Nevada about i860. The bonanza dis- coveries which were to have such a potent influence on the finance and statesmanship of the day came in 1S72. Mr. Mackay founded the Nevada Bank in 1S78. He is said to have taken one hundred and fifty million dollars in bullion out of the Big Bonanza mine. There were as- sociated with him in this enterprise James G. Fair, senator from Nevada; William O'Brien and James C. Flood. When vast wealth came to Mr. Mackay he be- lieved it his duty to do his country some service, and he agitated in his mind the building of an American steamship line, and while brooding over this his attention was called to the cable relations between America and Europe'. The financial man- agement of the cable was selfish and ex- travagant, and the capital was heavy with accretions of financial " water" and to pay even an apparent dividend upon the sums which represented the nominal value of the cables, it was necessary to hold the rates COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 149 at an exorbitant figure. And, moreover, the cables were foreign; in one the influence of France being paramount and in the other that of England; and in the matter of intel- ligence, so necessary in case of war, we would be at the mercy of our enemies. This train of thought brought Mr. Mackay into re- lation with James Gordon Bennett, the pro- prietor of the " New York Herald." The result of their intercourse was that Mr. Mac- kay so far entered into the enthusiasm of Mr. Bennett over an independent cable, that he offered to assist the enterprise with five hundred thousand dollars. This was the inception of the Commercial Cable Com- pany, or of what has been known for years as the Mackav-Bennett cable. ELISHA GRAY, the great inventor and electrician, was born August 2, 1835. at Barnesville, Belmont county, Ohio. He was, as a child, greatly interested in the phenomena of nature, and read with avidity all the books he could obtain, relating to this subject. He was apprenticed to various trades during his boyhood, but his insatiable thirst for knowledge dominated his life and he found time to study at odd intervals. Supporting himself by working at his trade, he found time to pursue a course at Oberlin College, where he particularly devoted him- self to the study of physicial science. Mr. Gray secured his first patent for electrical or telegraph apparatus on October I, 1867. His attention was first attracted to tele- phonic transmission during this year and he saw in it a way of transmitting signals for telegraph purposes, and conceived the idea of electro-tones, tuned to different tones in the scale. He did not then realize the im- portance of his invention, his thoughts being employed on the capacity of the apparatus for transmitting musical tones through an electric circuit, and it was not until 1874 that he was again called to consider the re- production of electrically-transmitted vibra- tions through the medium of animal tissue. He continued experimenting with various results, which finally culminated in his taking out a patent for his speaking tele- phone on February 14, 1876. He took out fifty additional patents in the course of eleven years, among which were, telegraph switch, telegraph repeater, telegraph annun- ciator and typewriting telegraph. From 1869 until 1873 he was employed in the manufacture of telegraph apparatus in Cleve- land and Chicago, and filled the office of electrician to the Western Electric Com- pany. He was awarded the degree of D. S. , and in 1874 he went abroad to perfect himself in acoustics. Mr. Gray's latest in- vention was known as the telautograph or long distance writing machine. Mr. Gray wrote and published several works on scien- tific subjects, among which were: "Tele- graphy and Telephony," and "Experi- mental Research in Electro-Harmonic Tele- graphy and Telephony." A \ miTELAW REID.— Among the many V V men who have adorned the field of journalism in the United States, few stand out with more prominence than the scholar, author and editor whose name heads this ar- ticle. Born at Xenia, Greene county, Ohio, October 27, 1837, he graduated at Miami University in 1856. For about a year he was superintendent of the graded schools of South Charleston, Ohio, after which he pur- chased the "Xenia News," which he edited for about two years. This paper was the first one outside of Illinois to advocate the nomination of Abraham Lincoln, Mr. Reid having been a Republican since the birth of that party in 1856. After taking an active 150 COMI'EXDIIW OF BIOGRAPHY part in the campaign, in the winter of 1860- 61 , he went to the state capital as corres- pondent of three daily papers. At the close of the session of the legislature he became city editor of the "Cincinnati Gazette," and at the breaking out of the war went to the front as a correspondent for that journal. For a time he served on the staff of General Morris in West Virginia, with the rank of captain. Shortly after he was on the staff of General Rosecrans, and, under the name of "Agate," wrote most graphic descrip- tions of the movements in the field, espe- cially that of the battle ol Pittsburg Land- ing. In the spring of 1S62 Mr. Reid went to Washington and was appointed librarian to the house of representatives, and acted as correspondent of the " Cincinnati Gazette." His description of the battle of Gettysburg, written on the field, gained him added reputation. In 1S65 he accompanied Chief Justice Chase on a southern tour, and pub- lished "After the War; a Southern Tour." During the next two years he was engaged in cotton planting in Louisiana and Ala- bama, and published "Ohio in the War." In 1868 he returned to the " Cincinnati Ga- zette," becoming one of its leading editors. The same year he accepted the invitation of Horace Greeley and became one of the staff on the " New York Tribune." Upon the death of Mr. Greeley in 1872, Mr. Reid be- came editor and chief proprietor of that paper. In 1878 he was tendered the United States mission to Berlin, but declined. The offer was again made by the Garfield ad- ministration, but again he declined. In 1878 he was elected by the New York legis- lature regent of the university, to succeed General John A. Dix. Under the Harrison administration he served as United States minister to France, and in 1892 was the Republican nominee for the vice-presidency of the United States. Among other works published by him were the " Schools of Journalism," "The Scholar in Politics," ''Some Newspaper Tendencies," and "Town-Hall Suggestions." GEORGE WHITEFIELD was one of the most powerful and effective preach- ers the world has ever produced, swaying his hearers and touching the hearts of im- mense audiences in a manner that has rarely been equalled and never surpassed. While not a native of America, yet much of his labor was spent in this country. He wielded a great influence in the United States in early days, and his death occurred here; so that he well deserves a place in this volume as one of the most celebrated men America has known. George Whitefield was born in the Bull Inn, at Gloucester, England, December i6~, 1714. He acquired the rudiments of learn- ing in St. Mary's grammar school. Later he attended Oxford University for a time, where he became intimate with the Oxford Methodists, and resolved to devote himself to the ministry. He was ordained in the Gloucester Cathedral June 20, 1836, and the following day preached his first sermon in the same church. On that day there commenced a new era in Whitefield's life. He went to London and began to preach at Bishopsgate church, his fame soon spread- ing over the city, and shortly he was en- gaged four times on a single Sunday in ad- dressing audiences of enormous magnitude, and he preached in various parts of his native country, the people crowding in multitudes to hear him and hanging upon the rails and rafters of the churches and approaches there- to. He finally sailed for America, landing in Georgia, where he stirred the people to great enthusiasm. During the balance of 1 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 153 his life he divided his time between Great Britain and America, and it is recorded that he crossed the Atlantic thirteen times. He came to America for the seventh time in 1770. He preached every day at Boston from the 17th to the 20th of September, 1770, then traveled to Newburyport, preach- ing at Exeter, New Hampshire, September 29, on the way. That evening he went to .Newburyport, where he died the next day, Sunday, September 30, 1770. " Whitefield's dramatic power was amaz- ing, " says an eminent writer in describing him. " His voice was marvelously varied, and he ever had it at command — an organ, a flute, a harp, all in one. His intellectual powers were not of a high order, but he had an abundance of that ready talent and that wonderful magnetism which makes the pop- ular preacher; and beyond all natural en- dowments, there was in his ministry the power of evangelical truth, and, as his con- verts believed, the presence of the spirit of God." CHARLES FRANCIS BRUSH, one of America's prominent men in the devel- opment of electrical science, was born March 17, 1849, near Cleveland, Ohio, and spent his early life on his father's farm. From the district school at Wickliffe, Ohio, he passed to the Shaw Academy at Collamer, and then entered the high school at Cleve- land. His interest in chemistry, physics and engineering was already marked, and during his senior year he was placed in charge of the chemical and physical appar- atus. During these years he devised a plan for lighting street lamps, constructed tele- scopes, and his first electric arc lamp, also an electric motor. In September, 1867, he entered the engineering department of the University of Michigan and graduated in 9 1869, which was a year in advance of his class, with the degree of M. E. He then returned to Cleveland, and for three years was engaged as an analytical chemist and for four years in the iron business. In 1875 Mr. Brush became interested in elec- tric lighting, and in 1876, after four months' experimenting, he completed the dynamo- electric machine that has made his name famous, and in a shorter time produced the series arc lamps. These were both patent- ed in the United States in 1876, and he afterward obtained fifty patents on his later inventions, including the fundamental stor- age battery, the compound series, shunt- winding for dynamo-electric machines, and the automatic cut-out for arc lamps. His patents, two-thirds of which have already been profitable, are held by the Brush Electric Company, of Cleveland, while his foreign patents are controlled by the Anglo- American Brush Electric Light Company, of London. In 1880 the Western Reserve University conferred upon Mr. Brush the degree of Ph. D., and in 1 88 1 the French government decorated him as a chevalier of the Legion of Honor. HENRY CLEWS, of Wall-street fame, was one of the noted old-time opera-' tors on that famous street, and was also an author of some repute. Mr. Clews was born in Staffordshire, England, August 14, 1840. His father had him educated with the intention of preparing him for the minis- try, but on a visit to the United States the young man became interested in a business life, and was allowed to engage as a clerk in the importing house of Wilson G. Hunt & Co., of New York. Here he learned the first principles of business, and when the war broke out in 1861 young Clews saw in the needs of the government an opportunity to 154 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY reap a golden harvest. He identified him- self with the negotiating of loans for the government, and used his powers of pur- suasion upon the great money powers to convince them of the stability of the govern- ment and the value of its securities. By enthusiasm and patriotic arguments he in- duced capitalists to invest their money in government securities, often against their judgment, and his success was remarkable. His was one of the leading firms that aided the struggling treasury department in that critical hour, and his reward was great. In addition to the vast wealth it brought, President Lincoln and Secretary Chase both wrote important letters, acknowledging his valued service. In 1873, by the repu- diation of the bonded indebtedness of the state of Georgia, Mr. Clews lost six million dollars which he had invested in those se- curities. It is said that he is the only man, with one exception, in Wall street, who ever regained great wealth after utter dis- aster. His " Twenty-Eight Years in Wall Street " has been widely read. ALFRED VAIL was one of the men that gave to the world the electric telegraph and the names of Henry, Morse and Vail will forever remain linked as the prime fac- tors in that great achievement. Mr. Vail was born September 25, 1807, at Morris- town, New Jersey, and was a son of Stephen Vail, the proprietor of the Speedwell Iron Works, near Morristown. At the age of seventeen, after he had completed his stud- ies at the Morristown Academy, Alfred Vail went into the Speedwell Iron Works and contented himself with the duties of his position until he reached his majority. He then determined to prepare himself for the ministry, and at the age of twenty-five he entered the University of the City of New York, where he was graduated in 1836. His health becoming impaired he labored for a time under much uncertainty as to his future course. Professor S. F. B. Morse had come to the university in 1835 as professor of lit- erature and fine arts, and about this time, 1837, Professor Gale, occupying the chair of chemistry, invited Morse to exhibit his apparatus for the benefit of the students. On Saturday, September 2, 1837, the exhi- bition took place and Vail was asked to at- tend, and with his inherited taste for me- chanics and knowledge of their construction, he saw a great future for the crude mechan- ism used by Morse in giving and recording signals. Mr. Vail interested his father in the invention, and Morse was invited to Speedwell and the elder Vail promised to help him. It was stipulated that Alfred Vail should construct the required apparatus and exhibit before a committee of congress the telegraph instrument, and was to receive a quarter interest in the invention. Morse had devised a series of ten numbered leaden types, which were to be operated in giving the signal. This was not satisfactory to Vail, so he devised an entirely new instru- ment, involving a lever, or "point," on a radically different principle, which, when tested, produced dots and dashes, and de- vised the famous dot-and-dash alphabet, misnamed the "Morse." At last the ma- chine was in working order, on January 6, 1838. The machine was taken to Wash- ington, where it caused not only wonder, but excitement. Vail continued his experi- ments and devised the lever and roller. When the line between Baltimore and Washington was completed, Vail was sta- tioned at the Baltimore end and received the famous first message. It is a remarka- ble fact that not a single feature of the original invention of Morse, as formulated COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 155 by his caveat and repeated in his original patent, is to be found in Vail's apparatus. From 1837 to 1844 it was a combination of the inventions of Morse, Henry and Vail, but the work of Morse fell gradually into desuetude, while Vail's conception of an alphabet has remained unchanged for half a century. Mr. Vail published but one work, "American Electro-Magnetic Telegraph," in 1845, and died at Morristown at the com- paratively early age of fifty-one, on January 19, 1859. ULYSSES S. GRANT, the eighteenth president of the United States, was born April 27, 1822, at Point Pleasant, Cler- mont county, Ohio. At the age of seven- teen he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in June, 1843, ar >d was given his brevet as second lieutenant and assigned to the Fourth Infantry. He remained in the service eleven years, in which time he was engaged in the Mexican war with gal- lantry, and was thrice brevetted for conduct in the field. In 1848 he married Miss Julia Dent, and in 1854, having reached the grade of captain, he resigned and engaged in farming near St. Louis. In i860 he en- tered the leather business with his father at Galena, Illinois. On the breaking out of the war, in 1861, he commenced to drill a company at Ga- lena, and at the same time offered his serv- ices to the adjutant-general of the army, but he had few influential friends, so re- ceived no answer. He was employed by the governor of Illinois in the organization of the various volunteer regiments, and at the end of a few weeks was given the colonelcy of the Twenty-first Infantry, from that state. His military training and knowl- edge soon attracted the attention of his su- perior officers, and on reporting to General Pope in Missouri, the latter put him in the way of advancement. August 7, 1861, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier- general of volunteers, and for a few weeks was occupied in watching the movements of partisan forces in Missouri. September 1, the same year, he was placed in command of the Department of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th of the month, without orders, seized Padu- cah, which commanded the channel of the Ohio and Tennessee rivers, by which he se- cured Kentucky for the Union. He now received orders to make a demonstration on Belmont, which he did, and with about three thousand raw recruits held his own against the Confederates some seven thousand strong, bringing back about two hundred prisoners and two guns. In February,) 1862, he moved up the Tennessee river with the naval fleet under Commodore Foote. The latter soon silenced Fort Henry, and Grant advanced against Fort Donelson and took their fortress and its garrison. His prize here consisted of sixty-five cannon, seventeen thousand six hundred stand of arms, and fourteen thousand six hundred and twenty-three prisoners. This was the first important success won by the Union forces. Grant was immediately made a major-general and placed in command of the district of West Tennessee. In April, 1862, he fought the battle of Pittsburg Land- ing, and after the evacuation of Corinth by the enemy Grant became commander of the Department of the Tennessee. He now made his first demonstration toward Vicks- burg, but owing to the incapacity of subor- dinate officers, was unsuccessful. In Janu- ary, 1863, he took command of all the troops in the Mississippi Valley and devoted several months to the siege of Vicksburg, 156 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. which was finally taken possession of by him July 4, with thirty-one thousand six hundred prisoners and one hundred and seventy-two cannon, thus throwing the Mississippi river open to the Federals. He was now raised to the rank of major-general in the regular army. October following, at the head of the Department of the Mississippi, General Grant went to Chattanooga, where he over- threw the enemy, and united with the Army of the Cumberland. The remarkable suc- cesses achieved by him pointed Grant out for an appropriate commander of all na- tional troops, and in February, 1864, the rank of lieutenant-general was made for him by act of congress. Sending Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the Valley of West Vir- ginia and Butler to attempt the capture of Richmond he fought his >vay through the Wilderness to the James and pressed the siege of the capital of the Confederacy. After the fall of the latter Grant pressed the Confederate army so hard that their commander surrendered at Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865. This virtually ended the war. After the war the rank of general was conferred upon U. S. Grant, and in 1868 he was elected president of the United States, and re-elected his own successor in 1872. After the expiration of the latter term he made his famous tour of the world. He died at Mt. McGregor, neew Saratoga, New York, July 23, 1885, and was buried at Riverside Park, New York, where a magnificent tomb has been erected to hold the ashes of the nation's hero. JOHN MARSHALL, the fourth chief jus- tice of the United States supreme court, was born in Germantown, Virginia, Septem- ber 24, 1755 His father, Colonel Thomas Marshall, served with distinction in the Rev- olutionary war, while he also served from the beginning of the war until 1779, where he became noted in the field and courts martial. While on detached service he at- tended a course of law lectures at William and Mary College, delivered by Mr. Wythe, and was admitted to the bar. The next year he resigned his commission and began his career as a lawyer. He was a distinguished member of the convention called in Virginia to ratify the Federal constitution. He was tendered the attorney-generalship of the United States, and also a place on the su- preme bench, besides other places of less honor, all of which he declined. He went to France as special envoy in 1798, and the next year was elected to congress. He served one year and was appointed, first, secretary of war, and then secretary of state, and in 1801 was made chief justice of the United States. He held this high office un- til his death, in 1835. Chief Justice Marshall's early education was neglected, and his opinions, the most valuable in existence, are noted for depth of wisdom, clear and comprehensive reason- ing, justice, and permanency, rather than for wide learning and scholarly construction. His decisions and rulings are resorted to constantly by our greatest lawyers, and his renown as a just judge and profound jurist was world wide. LAWRENCE BARRETT is perhaps known more widely as a producer of new plays than as a great actor. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1838, and educated himself as best he could, and at the age of sixteen years became salesman for a Detroit dry goods house. He after- wards began to go upon the stage as a supernumerary, and his ambition was soon rewarded by the notice of the management. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 157 During the war of the Rebellion he was a soldier, and after valiant service for his country he returned to the stage. He went to Europe and appeared in Liverpool, and returning in 1869, he began playing at Booth's theater, with Mr. Booth. He was afterward associated with John McCullough in the management of the California theater. Probably the most noted period of his work was during his connection with Edwin Booth as manager of that great actor, and supporting him upon the stage. Mr. Barrett was possessed of the crea- tive instinct, and, unlike Mr. Booth, he sought new fields for the display of his genius, and only resorted to traditional drama in response to popular demand. He preferred new plays, and believed in the encouragement of modern dramatic writers, and was the only actor of prominence in his time that ventured to put upon the stage new American plays, which he did at his own expense, and the success of his experi- ments proved the quality of his judgment. He died March 21, 1891. ARCHBISHOP JOHN HUGHES, a cel- ebrated Catholic clergyman, was born at Annaboghan, Tyrone county, Ireland, June 24, 1797, and emigrated to America when twenty years of age, engaging for some time as a gardener and nurseryman. In 1 8 19 he entered St. Mary's College, where he secured an education, paying his way by caring for the college garden. In 1825 he was ordained a deacon of the Ro- man Catholic church, and in the same year, a priest. Until 1838 he had pastoral charges in Philadelphia, where he founded St. John's Asylum in 1829, and a few years later es- tablished the "Catholic Herald." In 1838 he was made bishop of Basileopolis in parti- bus and coadjutor to Bishop Dubois, of New York, and in 1842 became bishop of New York. In 1839 he founded St. John's College, at Fordham. In 1850 he was made archbishop of New York. In 186 1-2 he was a special agent of the United States in Europe, after which he returned to this country and remained until his death, Jan- uary 3, 1864. Archbishop Hughes early attracted much attention by his controver- sial correspondence with Rev. John Breck- inridge in 1833-35. He was a man of great ability, a fluent and forceful writer and an able preacher. RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HAYES was the nineteenth president of the United States and served from 1 877 to 1 88 1 . He was born October 4, 1822, at Delaware, Ohio, and his ancestry can be traced back as far as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftans fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. The Hayes family had for a coat of arms, a shield, barred and sur- mounted by a flying eagle. There was a circle of stars about the eagle, while on a scroll underneath was their motto, "Recte." Misfortune overtook the family and in 1680 George Hayes, the progenitor of the Ameri- can family, came to Connecticut and settled at Windsor. Rutherford B. Hayes was a very delicate child at his birth and was not expected to live, but he lived in spite of all and remained at home until he was seven years old, when he was placed in school. He was a very tractablepupil, being always very studious, and in 1838 entered Kenyon College, graduating from the same in 1842. He then took up the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Colum- bus, but in a short time he decided to enter a law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he was immersed in the 153 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. study of law. Mr. Hayes was admitted to the bar in 1845 ul Marietta, Ohio, and very soon entered upon the active practice of his profession with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont, Ohio. He remained there three years, and in 1849 removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his ambition found a new stimulus. Two events occurred at this period that had a powerful influence on his afterlife. One was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, and the other was his introduction to a Cincinnati literary club, a body embracing such men as Salmon P. Chase, John Pope, and Edward F. Noyes. In 1856 he was nominated for judge of the court of common pleas, but declined, and two years later he was appointed city solicitor. At the outbreak of the Rebellion Mr. Hayes was appointed major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, June 7, 1861, and in July the regiment was ordered to Virginia, and October 15, 1861, saw him promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of his regiment. He was made colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Infantry, but refused to leave his old comrades; and in the battle of South Mountain he was wounded very severely and was unable to rejoin his regi- ment until November 30, 1862. He had been promoted to the colonelcy of the regiment on October 15, 1862. In the following December he was appointed to command the Kanawa division and was given the rank of brigadier-general for meritorious services in several battles, and in 1S64 he was brevetted major-general for distinguished services in 1864, during which campaign he was wounded several times and five horses had been shot under him. Mr. Hayes' first venture in politics was as a Whig, and later he was one of the first to unite with the Republican party. In 1864 he was elected from the Second Ohio district to congress, re-elected in 1866, and in 1867 was elected governor of Ohio over Allen G. Thurman, and was re-elected in 1 869. Mr. Hayes was elected to the presidency in 1876, for the term of four years, and at its close retired to private life, and went to his home in Fremont, Ohio, where he died on January 17, 1893. WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN became a celebrated character as the nominee of the Democratic and Populist parties for president of the United States in 1896. He was born March 19, i860, at Salem, Illi- nois. He received his early education in the public schools of his native county, and later on he attended the Whipple Academy at Jacksonville. He also took a course in Illinois College, and after his graduation from the same went to Chicago to study law, and entered the Union College of Law a c a student. He was associated with the late Lyman Trumbull, of Chicago, during his law studies, and devoted considerable time to the questions of government. He graduated from the college, was admitted to the bar, and went to Jacksonville, Illinois, where he was married to Miss Mary Eliza beth Baird. In 1887 Mr. Bryan removed to Lincoln, Nebraska, and formed a law partnership with Adolphus R. Talbot. He entered the field of politics, and in 1888 was sent as a delegate to the state con- vention, which was to choose delegates to the national convention, during which he made a speech which immediately won him a high rank in political affairs. He declined, in the next state convention, a nomination for lieutenant-governor, and in 189c he was elected congressman from the First district of Nebraska, and was the youngest member of the fifty-second congress. He cham- pioned the Wilson tariff bill, and served COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 159 three terms in the house of representatives. He next ran for senator, but was defeated by John M. Thurston, and in 1896 he was selected by the Democratic and Populist parties as their nominee for the presidency, being defeated by William McKinley. M A ,» ARVIN HUGHITT, one of America's mous railroad men, was born in Genoa, New York, and entered the railway service in 1856 as superintendent of tele- graph and trainmaster of the St. Louis, Al- ton & Chicago, now Chicago & Alton Rail- road. Mr. Hughitt was superintendent of the southern division of the Illinois Central Railroad from 1862 until 1864, and was, later on, the general superintendent of the road until 1870. He was then connected with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- road as assistant general manager, and re- tained this position until 1871, when he be- came the general manager of Pullman's Palace Car Company. In 1872 he was made general superintendent of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. He served during 1876 and up to 1880 as general manager, and from 1880 until 1887 as vice-presi- dent and general manager. He was elected president of the road in 1887, in recog- nition of his ability in conducting the affairs of the road. He was also chosen ©resident of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minne- apolis & Omaha Railway; the Fremont, Elk- horn & Missouri Valley Railroad, and the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad, and his services in these capacities stamped him as one of the most able railroad mana- gers of his day. JOSEPH MEDILL, one of the most 4 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. speaking America. The same year he pro- cured in England a new charter for Massa- chusetts, which conferred upon himself the power of naming the governor, lieutenant- governor and council. He opposed the severe punishment of witchcraft, and took a prominent part in all public affairs of his day. He was a prolific writer, and became the author of nearly one hundred publica- tions, large and small. His death occurred August 23, 1723, at Boston. COTTON MATHER, a celebrated minis- ter in the "Puritan times" of New England, was born at Boston, Massachu- setts, February 12, 1663, being a son of Rev. Increase Mather, and a grandson of John Cotton. A biography of his father will be found elsewhere in this volume. Cotton Mather received his early education in his native city, was trained by Ezekiel Cheever, and graduated at Harvard College in 1678; became a teacher, and in 1684 was ordained as associate pastor of North church, Boston, with his father, having by persistent effort overcome an impediment in his speech. He labored with great zeal as a pastor, endeavoring also, to establish the ascendancy of the church and ministry in civil affairs, and in the putting down of witchcraft by legal sentences, a work in which he took an active part and through which he is best known in history. He re- ceived the degree of D. D. in 1710, con- ferred by the University of Glasgow, and F. R. S. in 17 1 3. His death occurred at Boston, February 13, 1728. He was the author of many publications, among which were " Memorable Providences Relating to Witchcraft," "Wonders of the Invisible World," "Essays to Do Good," " Mag- nalia Christi Americana," and " Illustra- tions of the Sacred Scriptures." Some of these works are quaint and curious, full of learning, piety and prejudice. A well- known writer, in summing up the life and character of Cotton Mather, says: ' ' Mather, with all the faults of his early years, was z man of great excellence of character. He labored zealously for the benefit of the poor, for mariners, slaves, criminals and Indians. His cruelty and credulity were the faults of his age, while his philanthro- phy was far more rare in that age than in the present." WILLIAM A. PEFFER, who won a national reputation during the time he was in the United States senate, was born on a farm in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, September 10, 1831. He drew his education from the public schools of his native state and at the age of fifteen taught school in winter, working on a farm in the summer. In June, 1853, while yet a young man, he removed to Indiana, and opened up a farm in St. Joseph county. In 1859 he made his way to Missouri and settled on a farm in Morgan county, but on account of the war and the unsettled state of the country, he moved to Illinois in Feb- ruary, 1862, and enlisted as a private in Company F, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry, the following August. He was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant in March, 1863, and served successively as quartermaster, adjutant, post adjutant, judge advocate of a military commission, and depot quartermaster in the engineer department at Nashville. He was mustered out of the service June 26, 1865. He had, during his leisure hours while in the army, studied law, and in August, 1865, he com- menced the practice of that profession at Clarksville, Tennessee. He removed to Kansas in 1870 and practiced there until COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 165 1878, in the meantime establishing and conducting two newspapers, the " Fredonia Journal " and " Coffeyville Journal." Mr. Peffer was elected to the state senate in 1874 and was a prominent and influential member of several important committees. He served as a presidential elector in 1880. The year following he became editor of the " Kansas Farmer," which he made a promi- nent and useful paper. In 1890 Mr. Peffer was elected to the United States senate as a member of the People's party and took his seat March 4, 1891. After six years of service Senator Peffer was succeeded in March, 1897, by William A. Harris. ROBERT MORRIS.— The name of this financier, statesman and patriot is closely connected with the early history of the United States. He was a native of England, born January 20, 1734, and came to America with his father when thirteen years old. Until 1754 he served in the counting house of Charles Willing, then formed a partnership with that gentleman's son, which continued with great success until 1793. In 1776 Mr. Morris was a delegate to the Continental congress, and, although once voting against the Declaration of Inde- pendence, signed that paper on its adop- tion, and was several times thereafter re- elected to congress. During the Revolu- tionary war the services of Robert Morris in aiding the government during its finan- cial difficulties were of incalculable value; he freely pledged his personal credit for sup- plies for the army, atone time to the amount of about one and a half million dollars, with- out which the campaign of 1781 would have been almost impossible. Mr. Morris was appointed superintendent of finance in 1781 and served until 1784, continuing to employ his personal credit to facilitate the needs of his department. He also served as mem- ber of the Pennsylvania legislature, and from 1786 to 1795 was United States sena- tor, declining meanwhile the position of sec- retary of the treasury, and suggesting the name of Alexander Hamilton, who was ap- pointed to that post. During the latter part of his life Mr. Morris was engaged ex- tensively in the China trade, and later be- came involved in land speculations, which ruined him, so that the remaining days of this noble man and patriot were passed in confinement for debt. His death occurred at Philadelphia, May 8, 1806. WILLIAM SHARON, a senator and capitalist, and mine owner of na- tional reputation, was born at Smithfield, Ohio, January 9, 1821. He was reared upon a farm and in his boyhood given excel- lent educational advantages and in 1842 entered Athens College. He remained in that institution about two years, after which he studied law with Edwin M. Stanton, and was admitted to the bar at St. Louis and commenced practice. His health failing, however, he abandoned his profession and engaged in mercantile pursuits at Carrollton, Greene county, Illinois. During the time of the gold excitement of 1849, Mr. Sharon went to California, whither so many went, and engaged in business at Sacramento. The next year he removed to San Francisco, where he operated in real estate. Being largely interested in its silver mines, he re- moved to Nevada, locating at Virginia City, and acquired an immense fortune. He be- came one of the trustees of the Bank of California, and during the troubles that arose on the death of William Ralston, the president of that institution, was largely in- strumental in bringing its affairs into a satis- factory shape. 1GG COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Mr. Sharon was elected to represent the state of Nevada in the United States senate in 1875, and remained a member of that body until 1 88 r . He was always distin- guished for close application to business. Senator Sharon died November 13, 1885. HENRY W. SHAW, an American hu- morist who became celebrated unde r the non-de-plume of " Josh Billings," gained his fame from the witticism of his writing, and peculiar eccentricity of style and spell- ing. He was born at Lanesborough, Mas- sachusetts, in 18 18. For twenty-five years he lived in different parts of the western states, following various lines of busmess, including farming and auctioneering, and in the latter capacity settled at Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1858. In 1863 he began writing humorous sketches for the news- papers over the signature of "Josh Bill- ings," and became immediately popular both as a writer and lecturer. He pub- lished a number of volumes of comic sketches and edited an " Annual Allminax " for a number of years, which had a wide cir- culation. His death occurred October 14, 1885, at Monterey, California. JOHN M. THURSTON, well known throughout this country as a senator and political leader, was born at Mont- pelier, Vermont, August 21, 1847, of an old Puritan family which dated back their ancestry in this country to 1636, and among whom were soldiers of the Revolution and of the war of 181 2- 15. Young Thurston was brought west by the family in 1854, they settling at Madison, Wisconsin, and two years later at Beaver Dam, where John M. received his schooling in the public schools and at Wayland Uni- versity. His father enlisted as a private in the First Wisconsin Cavalry and died while in the service, in the spring of 1863. Young Thurston, thrown on his own resources while attaining an education, sup- ported himself by farm work, driving team and at other manual labor. He studied law and was admitted to the bar May 21, 1869. and in October of the same year located in Omaha, Nebraska. He was elected a member of the city council in 1872, city attorney in 1874 and a member of the Ne- braska legislature in 1874. He was a mem- ber of the Republican national convention of 1884 and temporary chairman of that of 1888. Taking quite an interest in the younger members of his party he was instru- mental in forming the Republican League of the United States, of which he was presi- dent for two years. He was then elected a member of the United States senate, in 1895, to represent the state of Nebraska. As an attorney John M. Thurston occu- pied a very prominent place, and for a num- ber of years held the position of general solicitor of the Union Pacific railroad sys- tem. JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, a celebrated U American naturalist, was born in Louis- iana, May 4, 1780, and was the son of an opulent French naval officer who owned a plantation in the then French colony. In his childhood he became deeply interested in the study of birds and their habits. About 1794 he was sent to Paris, France, where he was partially educated, and studied de- signing under the famous painter, Jacques Louis David. He returned to the Unit- ed States about 1798, and settled on a farm his father gave him, on the Perkiomen creek in eastern Pennsylvania. He mar- ried Lucy Bakewell in 1808, and, disposing of his property, removed to Louisville, Ken- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 167 tucky, where he engaged in mercantile pur- suits. About two years later he began to make extensive excursions through the pri- meval forests of the southern and south- western states, in the exploration of which he passed many years. He made colored drawings of all the species of birds that he found. For several years he made his home with his wife and children at Henderson, on the Ohio river. It is said that about this time he had failed in business and was re- duced to poverty, but kept the wolf from the door by giving dancing lessons and in portrait painting. In 1S24, at Philadelphia, he met Charles Lucien Bonaparte, who encouraged him to publish a work on ornithology. Two years later he went to England and com- menced the publication of his great work, "The Birds of America." He obtained a large number of subscribers at one thousand dollars a copy. This work, embracing five volumes of letterpress and five volumes of beautifully colored plates, was pronounced by Cuvier " the most magnificent monument that art ever raised to ornithology." Audubon returned to America in 1829, and explored the forests, lakes and coast from Canada to Florida, collecting material for another work. This was his " Ornitho- logical Biography; or, An Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States, Etc." He revisited England in 1831, and returned in 1839, after which he resicied on the Hudson, near New York City, in which place he died January 27, [851. During his life he issued a cheaper edition of his great work, and was, in association with Dr. Bachman, preparing a work on the quadrupeds of North America. COMMODORE THOMAS McDON- OUGH gained his principal fame from he celebrated victory which he gained over the superior British squadron, under Com- modore Downie, September 11, 18 14. Com- modore McDonough was born in Newcastle county, Delaware, December 23, 1783, and when seventeen years old entered the United States navy as midshipman, serving in the expedition to Tripoli, under Decatur, in 1803-4. in l8o 7 he was promoted to lieutenant, and in July, 1813, was made a commander. The following year, on Lake Champlain, he gained the celebrated victory above referred to, for which he was again promoted; also received a gold medal from congress, and from the state of Vermont an estate on Cumberland Head, in view of the scene of the engagement. His death oc- curred at sea, November 16, 1825, while he was returning from the command of the Mediterranean squadron. CHARLES FRANCIS HALL, one of America's most celebrated arctic ex- plorers, was born in Rochester, New Hamp- shire, in 182 1. He was a blacksmith by trade, and located in Cincinnati, where later he became a journalist. For several years he devoted a great deal of attention to cal- orics. Becoming interested in the fate of the explorer, Sir John Franklin, he joined the expedition fitted out by Henry Grinnell and sailed in the ship "George Henry," under Captain Buddington, which left New Lon- don, Connecticut, in i860. He returned in. 1862, and two years later published his " Arctic Researches." He again joined the expedition fitted out by Mr. Grinnell, and sailed in the ship, " Monticello," under Captain Buddington, this time remaining in the arctic region over four years. On his return he brought back many evidences of having found trace of Franklin. In 1 87 1 the " Polaris " was fitted out by the United States government, and Captain 168 COMPENDIUM OF BIOORAPHT. Hall again sailed for the polar regions. He died in Greenland in October, iS/i.andthe "Polaris" was finally abandoned by the crew, a portion of which, under Captain Tyson, drifted with the icebergs for one hundred and ninety-five days, until picked up by the " Tigress," on the 30th of April, 1873. The other portion of the crew built boats, and, after a perilous voyage, were picked up in June, 1873, by a whaling vessel. OLIVER ELLSWORTH, the third chief justice of the United States, was born at Windsor, Connecticut, April 29, 1745. After graduating from Princeton, he took up the study of law, and was licensed to practice in 1 77 1. In 1777 he was elected as a delegate to the Continental congress. He was judge of the superior court of his state in 1784, and was chosen as a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1787. He sided with the Federalists, was elected to the United States senate in 17S9, and was a firm supporter of Washington's policy. He won great distinction in that body, and was appointed chief justice of the supreme court of the United States by Washington in 1796. The relations between this coun- try and France having become violently strained, he was sent to Paris as envoy ex- traordinary in 1799, and was instrumental in negotiating the treaty that averted war. He resigned the following year, and was suc- ceeded by Chief Justice Marshall. His death occurred November 26, 1807. JW ELLVILLE WESTON FULLER, an eminent American jurist and chief justice of the United States supreme court, was born in Augusta, Maine, in 1833. His education was looked after in boyhood, and at the age of sixteen he entered Bowdoin College, and on graduation entered the law department of Harvard University. He then entered the law office of his uncle at Ban- gor, Maine, and soon after opened an office for the practice of law at Augusta. He was an alderman from his ward, city attorney, and editor of the " Age," a rival newspaper of the "Journal," which was conducted by James G. Blaine. He soon decided to re- move to Chicago, then springing into notice as a western metropolis. He at once iden- tified himself with the interests of the new city, and by this means acquired an experience that fitted him for his future work. He devoted himself assiduously to his profession, and had the good fortune to connect himself with the many suits grow- ing out of the prorogation of the Illinois legislature in 1863. It was not long before he became one of the foremost lawyers in Chicago. He made a three days' speech in the heresy trial of Dr. Cheney, which added to his fame. He was appointed chief jus- tice of the United States by President Cleve- land in 1888, the youngest man who ever held that exalted position. His income from his practice had for many years reached thirty thousand dollars annually. CHESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, twenty- first president of the United States, was born in Franklin county, Vermont, Octo- ber 5, 1830. He was educated at Union College, Schenectady, New York, from which he graduated with honor, and en- gaged in teaching school. After two years he entered the law office of Judge E. D. Culver, of New York, as a student. He was admitted to the bar, and formed a partner- ship with an old room-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law in the west, but after a few months' search for a location, they returned to New York and opened an office, and at once entered COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 109 upon a profitable practice. He was shortly afterwards married to a daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States navy. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before his nomina- tion for the vice-presidency. In 1856 a colored woman in New York was ejected from a street car and retained Mr. Arthur in a suit against the company, and obtained a verdict of five hundred dollars. It result- ed in a general order by all superintendents of street railways in the city to admit col- ored people to the cars. Mr. Arthur was a delegate to the first Republican national convention, and was appointed judge-advocate for the Second Brigade of New York, and then chief engi- neer of Governor Morgan's staff. At the close of his term he resumed the practice of iaw in New York. In 1872 he was made collector of the port of New York, which position he held four years. At the Chi- cago convention in 1880 Mr. Arthur was nominated for the vice-presidency with Garfield, and after an exciting campaign was elected. Four months after the inau- guration President Garfield was assassinated, and Mr. Arthur was called to take the reins of government. His administration of affairs was generally satisfactory. At its close he resumed the practice of law in New York. His death occurred November 18, 1886. ISAAC HULL was one of the most con- spicuous and prominent naval officers in the early history of America. He was born at Derby, Connecticut, March 9, 1775, be- ing the son of a Revolutionary officer. Isaac Hull early in life became a mariner, and when nineteen years of age became master of a merchant ship in the London trade. In 1 798 he became a lieutenant in the United States navy, and three years later was made 10 first lieutenant of the frigate ' ' Constitution. " He distinguished himself by skill and valor against the French on the coast of Hayti, and served with distinction in the Barbary expe- ditions. July 12, 18 1 2, he sailed from Annapolis, in command of the "Constitu- tion," and for three days was pursued by a British squadron of five ships, from which he escaped by bold and ingenious seaman- ship. In August of the same year he cap- tured the frigate " Guerriere," one of his late pursuers and for this, the first naval advantage of that war, he received a gold medal from congress. Isaac Hull was later made naval commissioner and had command of various navy yards. His death occurred February 13, 1843, at Philadelphia. M ARCUS ALONZO HANNA, famous as a prominent business man, political manager and senator, was born in New Lis- bon, Columbiana county, Ohio, September 24, 1837. He removed with his father's family to Cleveland, in the same state, in 1852, and in the latter city, and in the Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, received his education. He became an em- ploye of the wholesale grocery house of Hanna, Garrettson & Co., his father being the senior member of the firm. The latter died in 1862, and Marcus represented his interest until 1867, when the business was closed up. Our subject then became a member of the firm of Rhodes & Co., engaged in the iron and coal business, but at the expira- tion of ten years this firm was changed to that of M. A. Hanna & Co. Mr. Hanna was long identified with the lake carrying business, being interested in vessels on the lakes and in the construction of them. As a director of the Globe Ship Manufacturing Company, of Cleveland, president of the 170 COMPEXDILM OF 11 lOG RAP II V. Union National Bank, of Cleveland, president of the Cleveland City Railway Company, and president of the Chapin Mining Com- pany, o: Lake Superior, he became promi- nently identified with the business world. He was one of the government directors of the Union Pacific Railroad, being appointed to that position in 1885 by President Cleve- land. Mr. Hanna was a delegate to the na- tional Republican convention of 1884, which was his first appearance in the political world. He was a delegate to the con- ventions of 1888 and 1896, and was elect- ed chairman of the Republican national committee the latter year, and practically managed the campaign of William Mc Kin- ley for the presidency. In i897«Mr. Hanna was appointed senator by Governor Bush- nell, of Ohio, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Sherman. GEORGE PEABODY was one of the best known and esteemed of all philan- thropists, whose munificent gifts to Ameri- can institutions have proven of so much benefit to the cause of humanity. He was born February 18, 1795, at South Danvers, Massachusetts, which is now called Pea- body in honor of him. He received but a meager education, and during his early life he was a mercantile clerk at Thetford, Ver- mont, and Newburyport, Massachusetts. In 1 8 14 he became a partner with Elisha Riggs, at Georgetown, District of Columbia, and in 1 8 1 5 they moved to Baltimore, Mary- Ian i. The business grew to great propor- tions, and they opened branch houses at New York and Philadelphia. Mr. Peabody made several voyages to Europe of com- mercial importance, and in 1829 became the head of the firm, which was then called Peabody, Riggs & Co., and in 1838 he re- moved to London, England. He retired from the firm, and established the cele- brated banking house, in which he accumu- lated a large fortune. He aided Mr. Grin- nell in fitting out Dr. Kane's Arctic expedi- tion, in 1852, and founded in the same year the Peabody Institute, in his native town, which he afterwards endowed with two hun- dred thousand dollars. Mr. Peabody visited the United States in 1857, and gave three hundred thousand dollars for the establish- ment at Baltimore of an institute of science, literature and fine arts. In 1862 he gave two million five hundred thousand dollars for the erecting of lodging houses for the poor in London, and on another visit to the United States he gave one hundred and fifty thousand dollars to establish at Harvard a museum and professorship of American archaeology and ethnology, an equal sum for the endowment of a department of physical science at Yale, and gave the "Southern Educational Fund " two million one hundred thousand dollars, besides devoting two hun- dred thousand dollars to various objects of public utility. Mr. Peabody made a final visit to the United States in 1869, and on this occasion he raised the endowment of the Baltimore Institute one million dollars, created the Peabody Museum, at Salem, Massachusetts, with a fund of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, gave sixty thou- sand dollars to Washington College, Vir- ginia; fifty thousand dollars for a "Peabody Museum, " at North Danvers, thirty thousand dollars to Phillips Academy, Andover; twen- ty-five thousand dollars to Kenyon College, Ohio, and twenty thousand dollars to the Maryland Historical Society. Mr. Peabodj also endowed an art school at Rome, in 1868. He died in London, November 4, 1869, less then a month after he had re- turned from the United States, and his COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 171 remains were brought to the United States and interred in his native town. He made several other bequests in his will, and left his family about five million dollars. MATTHEW S. QUAY, a celebrated public man and senator, was born at Dillsburgh, York county, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1833, of an old Scotch-Irish family, some of whom had settled in the Keystone state in 17 15. Matthew received a good education, graduating from the Jef- ferson College at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, at the age of seventeen. He then traveled, taught school, lectured, and studied law under Judge Sterrett. He was admitted to the bar in 1854, was appointed a prothon- otary in 1855 and elected to the same office in 1856 and 1859. Later he was made lieutenant of the Pennsylvania Re serves, lieutenant-colonel and assistant com- missary-general of the state, private secre- tary of the famous war governor of Pennsyl- vania, Andrew G. Curtin, colonel of the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylva- nia Infantry (nine months men), military state agent and held other offices at different times. Mr. Quay was a member of the house of representatives of the state of Pennsylvania from 1865 to 1868. He filled the office of secretary of the commonwealth from 1872 to 1878, and the position of delegate-at- large to the Republican national conventions of 1872, 1876, 1880 and 1888. Hewasthe editor of the "Beaver Radical" and the "'Philadelphia Record" foratime, and held many offices in the state conventions and on their committees. He was elected secre- tary of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1869, and served three years, and in 1885 was chosen state treasurer. In 1886 his great abilities pointed him out as the natural candidate for United States senator, and he was accordingly elected to that posi- tion and re-elected thereto in 1892. He was always noted for a genius for organiza- tion, and as a political leader had but few peers. Cool, serene, far-seeing, resourceful, holding his impulses and forces in hand, he never quailed from any policy he adopted, and carried to success most, if not all, of the political campaigns in which he took part. JAMES K. JONES, a noted senator and political leader, attained national fame while chairman of the national executive committee of the Democratic party in the presidential campaign of 1896. He was a native of Marshall county, Mississippi, and was born September 29, 1839. His father, a well-to-do planter, settled in Dallas county, Arkansas, in 1848, and there the subject of this sketch received a careful education. During the Civil war he served as a private soldier in the Confederate army. From 1866 to 1873 he passed a quiet life as a planter, but in the latter year was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law. About the same time he was elected to the Arkansas senate and re-elected in 1874. In 1877 he was made president of the senate and the following year was unsuccessful in obtaining a nomination as member of con- gress. In 1880 he was elected representa- tive and his ability at once placed him in a foremost position. He was re-elected to congress in 1882 and in 1884, and served as an influential member on the committee of ways and means. March 4, 1885, Mr. Jones took his seat in the United States senate to succeed James D. Walker, and was after- ward re-elected to the same office. In this branch of the national legislature his capa- bilities had a wider scope, and he was rec- 172 COMPENDIUM OE BIOGRAPHY. ognized as one of the ablest leaders of his party. On the nomination of William J. Bryan as its candidate for the presidency by the national convention of the Democratic party, held in Chicago in 1896, Mr. Jones was made chairman of the national com- mittee. THEODORE THOMAS, one of the most celebrated musical directors America has known, was born in the kingdom of Han- over in 1835, and received his musical educa- tion from his father. He was a very apt scholar and played the violin at public concerts at the age of six years. He came with his parents to America in 1845, and joined the orchestra of the Italian Opera in New York City. He played the first violin in the orchestra which accompanied Jenny Lind in her first American concert. In 1861 Mr. Thomas established the orchestra that be- came famous under his management, and gave his first symphony concerts in New York in 1864. He began his first "summer night concerts" in the same city in 1868, and in 1869 he started on his first tour of the principal cities in the United States, which he made every year for many years. He was director of the College of Music in Cincinnati, Ohio, but resigned in 1880, after having held the position for three years. Later he organized one of the greatest and most successful orchestras ever brought together in the city of Chicago, and was very prominent in musical affairs during the World's Columbian Exposition, thereby add- ing greatly to his fame. CYRUS HALL McCORMICK, the fa- mous inventor and manufacturer, was born at Walnut Grove, Virginia, February 15, 1809. When he was seven years old his father invented a reaping machine. It was a rude contrivance and not successful. In 1 83 1 Cyrus made his invention of a reaping machine, and had it patented three years later. By successive improvements he was able to keep his machines at the head of its class during his life. In 1 845 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and two years later located in Chicago, where he amassed a great fortune in manufacturing reapers and harvesting machinery. In 1859 he estab- lished the Theological Seminary of the Northwest at Chicago, an institution for pre- paring young men for the ministry in the Presbyterian church, and he afterward en- dowed a chair in the Washington and Lee College at Lexington, Virginia. He mani- fested great interest in educational and re- ligious matters, and by his great wealth he was able to extend aid and encouragement to many charitable causes. His death oc- curred May 1 3, 1884. DAVID ROSS LOCKE.— Under the pen name of Petroleum V. Nasby, this well-known humorist and writer made for himself a household reputation, and estab- lished a school that has many imitators. The subject of this article was born at Vestal, Broome county, New York, Sep- tember 30, 1833. After receiving his edu- cation in the county of his birth he en- tered the office of the " Democrat, " at Cort- land, New York, where he learned the printer's trade. He was successively editor and publisher of the ' 'Plymouth Advertiser, " the "Mansfield Herald," the " Bucyrus Journal," and the "Findlay Jeffersonian." Later he became editor of the "Toledo Blade." In i860 he commenced his " Nasby" articles, several series of which have been given the world in book form. Under a mask of misspelling, and in a auaiot COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY, 178 and humorous style, a keen political satire is couched — a most effective weapon. Mr. Locke was the author of a num- ber of serious political pamphlets, and later on a more pretentious work, " The Morals of Abou Ben Adhem." As a news- paper writer he gained many laurels and his works are widely read. Abraham Lincoln is said to have been a warm admirer of P. V. Nasby, of " Confedrit X Roads" fame. Mr. Locke died at Toledo, Ohio, February 15, 1888. RUSSELL A. ALGER, noted as a sol- dier, governor and secretary of war, was born in Medina county, Ohio, February 27, 1836, and was the son of Russell and Caroline (Moulton) Alger. At the age of twelve years he was left an orphan and pen- niless. For about a year he worked for his board and clothing, and attended school part of the time. In 1850 he found a place which paid small wages, and out of his scanty earnings helped his brother and sister. While there working on a farm he found time to attend the Richfield Academy, and by hard work between times managed to get a fair education for that time. The last two years of his attendance at this institu- tion of learning he taught school during the winter months. In 1857 he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. For a while he found employ- ment in Cleveland, Ohio, but impaired health induced him to remove to Grand Rapids, where he engaged in the lumber business. He was thus engaged when the Civil war broke out, and, his business suf- fering and his savings swept away, he en- listed as a private in the Second Michigan Cavalry. He was promoted to be captain the following month, and major for gallant conduct at Boonesville, Mississippi, July 1, 1862. October 16, 1862, he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Sixth Michigan Cavalry, and in February, 1863, colonel of the Fifth Michigan Cavalry. He rendered excellent service in the Gettysburg cam- paign. He was wounded at Boonesboro, Maryland, and on returning to his command took part with Sherman in the campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. For services ren- dered, that famous soldier recommended him for promotion, and he was brevetted major-general of volunteers. In 1866 Gen- eral Alger took up his residence at Detroit, and prospered exceedingly in his business, which was that of lumbering, and grew quite wealthy. In 1884 he was a delegate to the Republican national convention, and the same year was elected governor of Michigan. He declined a nomination for re-election to the latter office, in 1887, and was the following year a candidate for the nomination for president. In 1889 he was elected commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, and at different times occupied many offices in other or- ganizations. In March, 1897, President McKinley appointed General Alger secretary of war. CYRUS WEST FIELD, the father of submarine telegraphy, was the son of the Rev. David D. Field, D.D., a Congre- gational minister, and was born at Stock- bridge, Massachusetts, November 30, 18 19. He was educated in his native town, and at the age of fifteen years became a clerk in a store in New York City. Being gifted with excellent business ability Mr. Field pros- pered and became the head of a large mer- cantile house. In 1853 he spent about six months in travel in South America. On his return he became interested in ocean teleg- raphy. Being solicited to aid in the c^u- 174 COMPEXDILM OF BIOGRAPHY. structton of a land telegraph across New Foundland to receive the news from a line of fast steamers it was proposed to run from from Ireland to St. Johns, the idea struck him to carry the line across the broad At- lantic. In 1850 Mr. Field obtained a con- cession from the legislature of Newfound- land, giving him the sole right for fifty years to land submarine cables on the shores of that island. In company with Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Roberts and Chandler White, he organized a company under the name of the New York, New- foundland & London Telegraph Company. In two years the line from New York across Newfoundland was built. The first cable connecting Cape Breton Island with New- ti'iindland having been lost in a storm while being laid in 1855, another was put down in 1856. In the latter year Mr. Field went to London and organized the Atlantic Tele- graph Company, furnishing one-fourth of the capital himself. Both governments loaned ships to carry out the enterprise. Mr. Field accompanied the expeditions of 1S57 and two in 1S58. The first and second cables were failures, and the third worked but a short time a*nd then ceased. The people of both continents became incredulous of the feasibility of laying a successful cable under so wide an expanse of sea, and the war breaking out shortly after, nothing was done ur lit 1865-66. Mr. Field, in the former year, again made the attempt, and the Great Eastern laid some one thousand two hun- dred miles when the cable parted and was lost. The following year the same vessel succeeded in laying the entire cable, and picked up the one lost the year before, and both were carried to America's shore. After thirteen years of care and toil Mr. Field had his reward. He was the recipient of many medals and honors from both home and abroad. He gave his attention after this, to establishing telegraphic communication throughout the world and many other large enterprises, notably the construction of ele- vated railroads in New York. Mr. Field died July 1 1, 1892. G ROVER CLEVELAND, the twenty- second president of the United States, was born in Caldwell, Essex county, New Jersey, March 18, 1837, and was the son of Rev. Richard and Annie (Neale) Cleve- land. The father, of distinguished New England ancestry, was a Presbyterian min- ister in charge of the church at Caldwell at the time. When Grover was about three years of age the family removed to Fayetteville, Onondaga county, New York, where he attended the district school, and was in the academy for a short time. His father be- lieving that boys should early learn to labor, Grover entered a village store and worked for the sum of fifty dollars for the first year. While he was thus engaged the family re- moved to Clinton, New York, and there young Cleveland took up h ; s studies at the academy. The death of his father dashed all his hopes of a collegiate education, the family being left in straightened circum- stances, and Grover started out to battle for himself. After acting for a year (1853- 54) as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind at New York City, he went to Buffalo. A short time after he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, of that city, and after a hard struggle with adverse circumstances, was admitted to the bar in 1859. He be- came confidential and managing clerk for the firm under whom he had studied, and remained with them until 1863. In the lat- ter year he was appointed district attorney COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 175 of Erie county. It was during his incum- bency of this office that, on being nominated by the Democrats for supervisor, he came within thirteen votes of election, although the district was usually Republican by two hundred and fifty majority. In 1 866 Grover Cleveland formed a partnership with Isaac V. Vanderpoel. The most of the work here fell upon the shoulders of our subject, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of the state. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland associated himself in business with A. P. Laning and Oscar Folsom, and under the firm name of Laning, Cleveland & Folsom soon built up a fair practice. In the fall of 1870 Mr. Cleve- land was elected sheriff of Erie county, an office which he filled for four years, after which he resumed his profession, with L. K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell as partners. This firm was strong and popular and shortly was in possession of a lucrative practice. Mr. Bass retired from the firm in 1879, and George J. Secard was admit- ted a member in 1881. In the latter year Mr. Cleveland was elected mayor of Buffalo, and in 1882 he was chosen governor by the enormous majority of one hundred and ninety-two thousand votes. July II, 1884, he was nominated for the presidency by the Democratic national convention, and in November following was elected. Mr. Cleveland, after serving one term as president of the United States, in 1888 was nominated by his party to succeed himself, but he failed of the election, being beaten by Benjamin Harrison. In 1892, however, being nominated again in opposition to the then incumbent of the presidency, Mr. Har- rison, Grover Cleveland was elected pres- ident for the second time and served for the usual term of four years. In 1897 Mr. Cleveland retired from the chair of the first nTgistrate of the nation, and in New York City resumed the practice of law, in which city he had established himself in 1889. 'June 2, 1886, Grover Cleveland was united in marriage with Miss Frances Fol- som, the daughter of his former partner. ALEXANDER WINCHELL, for many years one of the greatest of American scientists, and one of the most noted and prolific writers on scientific subjects, was born in Duchess county, New York, Decem- ber 31, 1824. He received a thorough col- legiate education, and graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connect- icut, in 1847. His mind took a scientific turn, which manifested itself while he was yet a boy, and in 1848 he became teacher of natural sciences at the Armenian Semi- nary, in his native state, a position which he filled for three years. In 185 1-3 he oc- cupied the same position in the Mesopo- tamia Female Seminary, in Alabama, after which he was president of the Masonic Fe- male Seminary, in Alabama. In 1853 he became connected with the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, at which institu- tion he performed the most important work of his life, and gained a wide reputation as a scientist. He held many important posi- tions, among which were the following: Professor of physics and civil engineering at the University of Michigan, aiso of geology, zoology and botany, and later professor of geology and palaeontology at the same insti- tution. He also, for a time, was president of the Michigan Teachers' Association, and state geologist of Michigan. Professor Winchell was a very prolific writeron scien- tific subjects, and published many standard works, his most important and widely known being those devoted to geology. He also contributed a large number of articles to scientific and popular journals. 176 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ANDREW HULL FOOTE, of the United States navy, was a native of New England, born at New Haven, Con- necticut, May 4, 1808. He entered the navy, as a midshipman, December 4, 1822. He slowly rose in his chosen profession, at- taining the rank of lieutenant in 1830, com- mander in 1852 and captain in 1861. Among the distinguished men in the break- ing out of the Civil war, but few stood higher in the estimation of his brother officers than Foote, and when, in the fall of 1861, he was appointed to the command of the flotilla then building on the Mississippi, the act gave great satisfaction to the service. Although embarrassed by want of navy yards and supplies, Foote threw himself into his new work with unusual energy. He overcame all obstacles and in the new, and, until that time, untried experiment, of creat- ing and maintaining a navy on a river, achieved a success beyond the expectations of the country. Great incredulity existed as to the possibility of carrying on hostilities on a river where batteries from the shore might bar the passage. But in spite of all, Foote soon had a navy on the great river, and by the heroic qualities of the crews en- trusted to him, demonstrated the utility of this new departure in naval architecture. All being prepared, February 6, 1862, Foote took Fort Henry after a hotly-contested action. On the 14th of the same month, for an hour and a half engaged the batteries of Fort Donelson, with four ironclads and two wooden gunboats, thereby dishearten- ing the garrison and assisting in its capture. April 7th of the same year, after several hotly-contested actions, Commodore Foote received the surrender of Island No. 10, one of the great strongholds of the Confederacy on the Mississippi river. Foote having been wounded at Fort Donelson, and by neglect it having become so serious as to endanger his life, he was forced to resign his command and return home. June 16, 1862, he re- ceived the thanks of congress and was pro- moted to the rank of rear admiral. He was appointed chief of the bureau of equipment and recruiting. June 4, 1863, he was ordered to the fleet off Charleston, to super- cede Rear Admiral Dupont, but on his way to that destination was taken sick at New York, and died June 26, 1863. NELSON A. MILES, the well-known sol- dier, was born at Westminster, Massa- chusetts, August 8, 1 839. His ancestors set- tled in that state in 1643 among the early pioneers, and their descendants were, many of them, to be found among those battling against Great Britain during Revolutionary times and during the war of 1812. Nelson was reared on a farm, received an acadepiic education, and in early manhood engaged in mercantile pursuits in Boston. Early in 1 86 1 he raised a company and offered hi? services to the government, and although commissioned as captain, on account of his youth went out as first lieutenant in the Twenty-second Massachusetts Infantry. In 1862 he was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and colonel of the Sixty-first New York In- fantry. At the request of Generals Grant and Meade he was made a brigadier by President Lincoln. He participated in all but one of the battles of the Army of the Potomac until the close of the war. During the latter part of the time he commanded the first division of the Second Corps. General Miles was wounded at the battles of Fair Oaks, Fredericksburg and Chan- cellorsville, and received four brevets for distinguished service. During the recon- struction period he commanded in North Carolina, and on the reorganization of the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHi: 111 regular army he was made colonel of in- fantry. In 1880 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, and in 1890 to that of major-general. He successfully con- ducted several campaigns among the In- dians, and his name is known among the tribes as a friend when they are peacefully inclined. He many times averted war with the red men by judicious and humane settlement of difficulties without the military power. In 1892 General Miles was given command of the proceedings in dedicating the World's Fair at Chicago, and in the summer of 1894, during the great railroad strike at the same city, General Miles, then in command of the department, had the disposal of the troops sent to protect the United States mails. On the retirement of General J. M. Schofield, in 1895, General Miles became the ranking major-general of the United States army and the head of its forces. JUNIUS BRUTUS BOOTH, the great actor, though born in London (1796), is more intimately connected with the Amer- ican than with the English stage, and his popularity in America was almost un- bounded, while in England he was not a prime favorite. He presented " Richard III. " in Richmond on his first appearance on the American stage in 1S21. This was his greatest role, and in it he has never had an equal. In October of the same year he appeared in New York. After a long and successful career he gave his final perform- ance at New Orleans in 1852. He con- tracted a severe cold, and for lack of proper medical attention, it resulted in his death on November 30th of that year. He was, without question, one of the greatest tra- gedians that ever lived. In addition to his professional art and genius, he was skilled in languages, drawing, painting and sculp- ture. In his private life he was reserved, and even eccentric. Strange stories are related of his peculiarities, and on his farm near Baltimore he forbade the use of animal food, the taking of animal life, and even the felling of trees, and brought his butter and eggs to the Baltimore markets in person. Junius Brutus Booth, known as the elder Booth, gave to the world three sons of note: Junius Brutus Booth, Jr., the husband of Agnes Booth, the actress; John Wilkes Booth, the author of the greatest tragedy in the life of our nation; Edwin Booth, in his day the greatest actor of America, if not of the world. TAMES MONTGOMERY BAILEY, fa- J mous as the "Danbury News Man," was one of the best known American humor- ists, and was born September 25, 1841, at Albany, N. Y. He adopted journalism as a profession and started in his chosen work on the "Danbury Times," which paper he pur- chased on his return from the war. Mr. Bailey also purchased the "Jeffersonian," another paper of Danbury, and consolidated them, forming the "Danbury News," which paper soon acquired a celebrity throughout the United States, from an incessant flow of rich, healthy, and original humor, which the pen of the editor imparted to its columns, and he succeeded in raising the circulation of the paper from a few hundred copies a week to over forty thousand. The facilities of a country printing office were not so com- plete in those days as they are now, but Mr. Bailey was resourceful, and he put on re- lays of help and ran his presses night and day, and always prepared his matter a week ahead of time. The "Danbury News Man" was a new figure in literature, as his humor was so different from that of the newspaper 178 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY wits — who had preceded him, and he maybe called the pioneer of that school now so familiar. Mr. Bailey published in book form "Life in Danbury" and "The Danbury News Man's Almanac. " One of his most admirable traits was philanthrophy, as he gave with unstinted generosity to all comers, and died comparatively poor, notwithstand- ing his ownership of a very profitable busi- ness which netted him an income of $40,000 a year. He died March 4, 1894. MATTHEW HALE CARPENTER, a famous lawyer, orator and senator, was born in Moretown, Vermont, December 22, 1824. After receiving a common-school education he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, but only remained two years. On returning to his home he commenced the study of law with Paul Dillingham, afterwards governor of Vermont, and whose daughter he married. In 1847 he was admitted to practice at the bar in Vermont, but he went to Boston and for atime studied with Ruf us Choate. In 184S he moved wes-t, settling at Beloit, Wisconsin, and commencing the practice of his profes- sion soon obtained a wide reputation for ability. In 1S56 Mr. Carpenter removed to Milwaukee, where he found a wider field for his now increasing powers. During the Civil war, although a strong Democrat, he was loyal to the government and aided the Union cause to his utmost. In 18GS he was counsel for the government in a test case to settle the legality of the reconstruc- tion act before the United States supreme court, and won his case against Jeremiah S. Black. This gave him the election for sen- ator from Wisconsin in 1869, and he served until 1875, during part of which time he was president pro tempore of the senate. Failing oi a re-election Mr. Carpenter resumed the practice of law, and when William W. Belknap, late secretary of war, was im- peached, entered the case for General Belknap, and secured an acquittal. During the sitting of the electoral commission of 1877, Mr. Carpenter appeared for Samuel J. Tilden, although the Republican man- agers had intended to have him represent R. B. Hayes. Mr. Carpenter was elected to the United States senate again in 1879, and remained a member of that body until the day of his death, which occurred at Washington, District of Columbia, Feb- ruary 24, 1 8S f . Senator Carpenter's real name was De- catur Merritt Hammond Carpenter but about 1852 he changed it to the one by which he was universally known. T HOMAS E. WATSOX, lawyer and congressman, the well-known Geor- gian, whose name appears at the head of this sketch, made himself a place in the his- tory of our country by his ability, energy and fervid oratory. He was born in Col- umbia (now McDuffie) county, Georgia, September 5, 1S56. He had a common- school education, and in 1872 entered Mer- cer University, at Macon, Georgia, as fresh- man, but for want of money left the college at the end of his sophomore year. He taught school, studying law at the same time, until 1875, when he was admitted to the bar. He opened an office and com- menced practice in Thomson, Georgia, in November, 1 876. He carried on a success- ful business, and bought land and farmed on an extensive scale. Mr. Watson was a delegate to the Demo- cratic state convention of 1880, and was a member of the house of representatives of the legislature of his native state in 1S82 In 1888 he was an elector-at-large on the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 179 Cleveland ticket, and in 1890 was elected to represent his district in the fifty-second congress. This latter election is said to have been due entirely to Mr. Watson's "dash- ing display of ability, eloquence and popular power." In his later years he championed the alliance principles and policies until he became a leader in the movement. In the heated campaign of 1896, Mr. Watson was nominated as the candidate for vice-presi- dent on the Bryan ticket by that part of the People's party that would not endorse the nominee for the same position made by the Democratic party. FREDERICK A. P. BARNARD, mathe- matician, physicist and educator, was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, May 5, 1 809. He graduated from Yale College in 1828, and in 1830 became a tutor in the same. From 1837 to 1848 he was professor of mathe- matics and natural philosophy in the Uni- versity of Alabama, and from 1848 to 1850, professor of chemistry and natural history in the same educational institution. In 1854 he became connected with the Univer- sity of Mississippi, of which he became president in 1856, and chancellor in 1858. In 1854 he took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1861 Professor Barnard resigned his chancellorship and chair in the university, and in 1S63 and 1864 was con- nected with the United States coast survey in charge of chart printing and lithography. In May, 1864, he was elected president of Columbia College, New York City, which he served for a number of years. Professor Barnard received the honorary degree of LL. D. from Jefferson College, Mississippi, in 1855, and from Yale College in 1859; also the degree of S. T. D. from the University of Mississippi in 1S61, and th?.t of L. H. D. from the regents of the University of the State of New York in 1 872. In i860 he was a member of the eclipse party sent by the United States coast sur- vey to Labrador, and during his absence was elected president of the American Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Science. la the act of congress establishing the National Academy of Sciences in 1863, he was named as one of the original corporators. In 1867 he was one of the United States commis- sioners to the Paris Exposition. He was a member of the American Philosophical Society, associate member of the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences, and many other philosophical and scientific societies at home and abroad. Dr. Barnard was thoroughly identified with the progress of the age in those branches. His published works relate wholly to scientific or educa- tional subjects, chief among which are the following: Report on Collegiate Education; Art Culture; History of the American Coast Survey; University Education; Undulatory Theory of Light; Machinery and Processes of the Industrial Arts, and Apparatus of the Exact Sciences, Metric System of Weights and Measures, etc. EDWIN McMASTERS STANTON, the secretary of war during the great Civil war, was recognized as one of America's foremost public men. He was born Decem- ber 19, 18 14, at Steubenville, Ohio, where he received his education and studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1836, and was reporter of the supreme court of Ohio from .1842 until 1845. He removed to Washington in 1856 to attend to his prac- tice before the United States supreme court, and in 1858 he went to California as counsel for the government in certain land cases, which he carried to a successful conclusion. Mr. Stanton was appointed 130 COMPEXDHWr OF MOliRAPIfY. attorney-general of the United States in December, 1860, by President Buchanan. On March 4, 1861, Mr. Stanton went with the outgoing administration and returned to the practice of his profession. He was appointed secretary of war by President Lincoln January 20, 1862, to succeed Simon Cameron. After the assassination of Presi- dent Lincoln and the accession of Johnson to the presidency, Mr. Stanton was still in the same office. He held it for three years, and by his strict adherence to the Repub- lican party, he antagonized President John- son, who endeavored to remove him. On August 5, 1867, the president requested him to resign, and appointed General Grant to succeed him, but when congress convened in December the senate refused to concur in the suspension. Mr. Stanton returned to his post until the president again removed him from office, but was again foiled by congress. Soon after, however, he retired voluntarily from office and took up the practice of law, in which he engaged until his death, on December 24, 1869. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL the eminent theologian and founder of the church known as Disciples of Christ, was born in the country of Antrim, Ireland, in June, 17S8, and was the son of Rev. Thomas Campbell, a Scoth-Irish "Seceder. " After studying at the University of Glasgow, he, in company with his father, came to America in 1808, and both began labor in western Pennsylvania to restore Christianity to apostolic simplicity. They organized a church at Brush Run, Washington count}', Pennsylvania, in 181 1, which, however, the year following, adopted Baptist views, and in 1 81 3, with other congregations joined a Baptist association. Some of the under- lying principles and many practices of the Campbells and their disciples were repug- nant to the Baptist church and considerable friction was the result, and 1827 saw the separation of that church from the Church of Christ, as it is sometimes calied. The latter then reorganized themselves anew. They reject all creeds, professing to receive the Bible as their only guide. In most mat- ters of faith they are essentially in accord with the other Evangelical Christian churches, especially in regard to the person and work of Christ, the resurrection and judgment. They celebrate the Lord's Supper weekly, hold that repentance and faith should precede baptism, attaching much importance to the latter ordinance. On all other points they encourage individual liberty of thought. In 1 841, Alexander Campbell founded Bethany College, West Virginia, of which he was president for many years, and died March 4, 1866. The denomination which they founded is quite a large and important church body- in the United States. They support quite a number of institutions of learning, among which are: Bethany College, West Virginia; Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio; Northwestern Christian University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Eureka College, Illinois; Kentucky Univer- sity, Lexington, Kentucky; Oskaloosa College, Iowa; and a number of seminaries and schools. They also support several monthly and quarterly religious periodicals and many papers, both in the United States and Great Britain and her dependencies. WILLIAM L.WILSON, the noted West Virginian, who was postmaster-gener- al under President Cleveland's second ad- ministration, won distinction as the father of the famous " Wilson bill," which became a law under the same administration. Mr. Wilson was born May 3, 1843, in Jeffer- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPMT. 181 son county, West Virginia, and received a good education at the Charlestown Academy, where he prepared himself for college. He attended the Columbian Col- lege in the District of Columbia, from which he graduated in i860, and then attended the University of Virginia. Mr. Wilson served in the Confederate army dur- ing the war, after which he was a professor in Columbian College. Later he entered into the practice of law at Charlestown. He attended the Democratic convention held at Cincinnati in 1880, as a delegate, and later was chosen as one of the electors for the state-at-large on the Hancock ticket. In the Democratic convention at Chicago in 1892, Mr. Wilson was its per- manent president. He was elected pres- ident of the West Virginia University in 1882, entering upon the duties of his office on September 6, but having received the nomination for the forty-seventh congress on the Democratic ticket, he resigned the presidency of the university in June, 1883, to take his seat in congress. Mr. Wil- son was honored by the Columbian Uni- versity and the Hampden-Sidney College, both of which conferred upon him the de- gree of LL. D. In 1884 he was appointed regent of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington for two years, and at the end of his term was re-appointed. He was elected to the forty-seventh, forty-ninth, fiftieth, fifty-first, fifty-second and fifty- third congresses, but was defeated for re- election to the fifty-fourth congress. Upon the resignation of Mr. Bisseil from the office of postmaster-general, Mr. Wilson was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy by President Cleveland. Hi.- many years of public serv- ice and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions gave him a national reputation. CALVIN S. BRICE, a successful and noted financier and politician, was born at Denmark, Ohio, September 17, 1845, of an old Maryland family, who trace their lineage from the Bryces, or Bruces, of Airth, Scotland. The father of our subject was a prominent Presbyterian clergyman, who removed to Ohio in 1S12. Calvin S. Brice was educated in the common schools of his native town, and at the age of thir- teen entered the preparatory department of Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and the following year entered the freshman class. On the breaking out of the Civil war, although but fifteen years old, he enlisted in a company of three-months men. He re- turned to complete his college course, but re-enlisted in Company A, Eighty-sixth Ohio Infantry, and served in the Virginia campaign. He then returned to college, from which he graduated in 1863. In 1864 he organized Company E, One Hundred and Eightieth Ohio Infantry, and served until the close of hostilities, in the western armies. On his return home Mr. Brice entered the law department of the University of Michigan, and in 1866 was admitted to the bar in Cincinnati. In the winter of 1S70- 71 he went to Europe in the interests of the Lake Erie & Louisville Railroad and pro- cured a foreign loan. This road became the Lake Erie & Western, of which, in 1887, Mr. Brice became president. This was the first railroad in which he had a personal interest. The conception, build- ing and sale of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, known as the "Nickel Plate," was largely due to him. He was connected with many other railroads, among which may be mentioned the following: Chicago & Atlantic; Ohio Central; Rich- mond & Danville; Richmond & West Point 1 $2 COMPENDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. Terminal; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia; Memphis & Charleston; Mobile & Birmingham; Kentucky Central; Duluth, South Shore & Atlantic, and the Marquette, Houghton & Ontonagon. In 1890 he was elected United States senator from Ohio. Notwithstanding his extensive business inter- ests, Senator Brice gave a considerable time to political matters, becoming one of the leaders of the Democratic party and one of the most widely known men in the country. BENJAMIN HARRISON, twenty-third president of the United States, was born August 20, 1833, at North Bend, Hamilton county, Ohio, in the house of his grandfather, General William Henry Har- rison, afterwards president of the United States. His great-grandfather, Benjamin Harrison, was a member of the Continental congress, signed the Declaration of Inde- pendence, and was three times elected gov- ernor of Virginia. The subject of this sketch entered Farm- ers College at an early age, and two years later entered Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio. Upon graduation he entered the office of Stover & Gwyne, of Cincinnati, as a law student. He was admitted to the bar two years later, and having inherited about eight hundred dollars worth of property, he married the daughter of Doctor Scott, pres- ident of a female school at Oxford, Ohio, and selected Indianapojis, Indiana, to begin practice. In i860 he was nominated by the Republicans as candidate for state supreme court reporter, and did his first political speaking in that campaign. He was elected, and after two years in that position he organized the Seventieth Indi- ana Infantry, of which he was made colonel, and with his regiment joined General Sher- man's army. For bravery displayed at Re- saca and Peach Tree Creek he was made a brigadier-general. In the meantime the office of supreme court reporter had been declared vacant, and another party elected to fill it. In the fall of 1864, having been nominated for that office, General Harrison obtained a thirty-day leave of absence, went to Indiana, canvassed the state and was elected. As he was about to rejoin his command he was stricken down by an attack of fever. After his recovery he joined General Sherman's army and participated in the closing events of the war. In 1868 General Harrison declined to be a candidate for the office of supreme court reporter, and returned to the practice of the law. His brilliant campaign for the office of governor of Indiana in 1876, brought hiir into public notice, although he was defeated. He took a prominent part in the presidential canvass of 1880, and was chosen United States senator from Indiana, serving six years. He then returned to the practice of his profession. In 1888 he was selected by the Republican convention at Chicago as candidate for the presidency, and after a heated campaign was elected over Cleveland. He was inaugurated March 4, 1889, and signed the McKinley bill October 1, 1890, perhaps the most distinctive feature of his administration. In 1892 he was again the nominee of the Republican party for president, but was defeated by Grover Cleveland, the Democratic candidate, and again resumed the practice of law in Indian- apolis. JOHN CRAIG HAVEMEYER, the celebrated merchant and sugar refiner, was born in New York City in 1833. His father, William F. Havemeyer, and grand- father, William Havemeyer, were both sugar COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 183 refiners. The latter named came from Buckeburg, Germany, in 1799, and settled in New York, establishing one of the first refineries in that city. William F. succeeded his father, and at an early age retired from business with a competency. He was three times mayor of his native city, New York. John C. Havemeyer was educated in private schools, and was prepared for college at Columbia College grammar school. Owing to failing eyesight he was unable to finish his college course, and began his business career in a wholesale grocery store, where he remained two years. In 1854, after a year's travel abroad, he assumed the responsibility of the office work in the sugar refinery of Havemeyer & Molter, but two years later etablished a refinery of his own in Brooklyn. This afterwards developed into the immense business of Havemeyer & Elder. The capital was furnished by his father, and, chafing under the anxiety caused by the use of borrowed money, he sold out his interest and returned to Havemeyer & Molter. This firm dissolving the next year, John C. declined an offer of partnership from the successors, not wishing to use borrowed money. For two years he remain- ed with the house, receiving a share of the profits as compensation. For some years thereafter he was engaged in the commission business, until failing health caused his retirement. In 1871, he again engaged in the sugar refining business at Greenport, Long Island, with his brother and another partner, under the firm name of Havemeyer Brothers & Co. Here he remained until 1880, when his health again declined. During the greater part of his life Mr. Havemeyer was identified with many benev- olent societies, including the New York Port Society, Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, American Bible Society, New York Sabbath School Society and others. He was active in Young Men's Christian Association work in New York. and organized and was the first president of an affiliated society of the same at Yonkers. He was director of several railroad corpo- rations and a trustee of the Continental Trust Company of New York. WALTER QUINTIN GRESHAM, an eminent American statesman and jurist, was born March 17, 1833, near Cory- don, Harrison county, Indiana. He ac- quired his education in the local schools of the county and at Bloomington Academy, although he did not graduate. After leav- ing college he read law with Judge Porter at Corydon, and just before the war he be- gan to take an interest in politics. Mr. Gresham was elected to the legislature from Harrison county as a Republican; previous to this the district had been represented by a Democrat. At the commencement of hostilities he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Thirty-eighth Indiana Infantry, but served in that regiment only a short time, when he was appointed colonel of the Fifty- third Indiana, and served under General Grant at the siege of Vicksburg as brigadier- general. Later he was under Sherman in the famous "March to the Sea," and com- manded a division of Blair's corps at the siege of Atlanta where he was so badly wounded in the leg that he was compelled to return home. On his way home he was forced to stop at New Albany, where he re- mained a year before he was able to leave. Pie was brevetted major-general at the close of the war. While at New Albany, Mr. Gresham was appointed state agent, his duty being to pay the interest on the state debt in New York, and he ran twice for congress against ex-Speaker Kerr, but was 184 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. defeated in both cases, although he greatly reduced the Democratic majority. He was held in high esteem by President Grant, who offered him the portfolio of the interior but Mr. Gresham declined, but accepted the appointment of United States judge for Indiana to succeed David McDonald. Judge Gresham served on the United States district court bench until 1883, when he was appointed postmaster-general by Presi- dent Arthur, but held that office only a few months when he was made secretary of the treasury. Near the end of President Arthur's term. Judge Gresham was ap- pointed judge of the United States circuit court of the district composed of Indiana, Illinois and contiguous states, which he held until 1893. Judge Gresham was one of the presidential possibilities in the National Re- publican convention in 1888, when General Harrison was nominated, and was also men- tioned for president in 1892. Later the People'r, party made a strenuous effort to induce him to become their candidate for president, he refusing the offer, however, and a few weeks before the election he an- nounced that he would support Mr. Cleve- land, the Democratic nominee for president. Upon the election of Mr. Cleveland in the fall of 1892, Judge Gresham was made the secretary of state, and filled that position until his death on May 28, 1895, at Wash- ington, District of Columbia. ELISHA B. ANDREWS, noted as an ed- ucator and college president, was born at Hinsdale, New Hampshire, January 10, 1844, his father and mother being Erastus and Elmira (Bartlett) Andrews. In 1861, he entered the service of the general gov- ernment as private and non-commissioned officer in the First Connecticut Heavy Ar- tillery, and in 1863 was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant. Returning home he was prepared for college at Powers In- stitute and at the Wesleyan Academy, and entered Brown University. From here he was graduated in 1870. For the succeeding two years he was principal of the Connecti- cut Literary Institute at Suffield, Connecticut. Completing a course at the Newton Theo- logical Institute, he was ordained pastor of the First Baptist church at Beverly, Massa- chusetts, July 2, 1874. The following year he became president of the Denison University, at Granville, Ohio. In 1879 he accepted the professorship of homiletics, pastoral duties and church polity at Newton Theological Institute. In 1882 he was elected to the chair of history and political economy at Brown University. The Uni- versity of Nebraska honored him w^ith an LL. D. in 1884, and the same year Colby University conferred the degree of D. D. In 1888 he became professor of political economy and public economy at Cornell University, but the next year returned to Brown University as its president. From the time of his inauguration the college work broadened in many ways. Many timely and generous donations from friends and alumni of the college were influenced by him, and large additions made -to the same. Professor Andrews published, in 1887, "Institutes of General History," and in 1888, " Institutes of Economics." JOHN WILLIAM DRAPER, the subject of the present biography, was, during his life, one of the most distinguished chemists and scientific writers in America. He was an Englishman by birth, born at Liverpool, May 5, 181 1, and was reared in his native land, receiving an excellent education, graduating at the University of London. In 1833 he came to the United States, and g JjLYSlS S.SRANIi ■ ^[ROBERT ELF COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 187 settled first in Pennsylvania. He graduated in medicine at the University of Philadel- phia, in 1836, and for three years following was professor of chemistry and physiology at Hampden-Sidney College. He then be- came professor of chemistry in the New York University, with which institution he was prominently connected for many years. It is stated on excellent authority that Pro- fessor Draper, in 1839, took the first photo- graphic picture ever taken from life. He was a great student, and carried on many important and intricate experiments along scientific lines. He discovered many of the fundamental facts of spectrum analysis, which he published. He published a number of works of great merit, many of which are recognized as authority upon the subjects of which they treat. Among his work were: "Human Physiology, Statistical and Dyna- mical of the Conditions and Cause of Life in Man," "History of Intellectual Develop- ment of Europe," " History of the Ameri- can Civil War," besides a number of works on chemistry, optics and mathematics. Pro- fessor Draper continued to hold a high place among the scientific scholars of America until his death, which occurred in January, 1882. GEORGE W. PECK, ex-governor of the state of Wisconsin and a famous journalist and humorist, was born in Jeffer- son county, New York, September 28, 1840. When he was about three years of age his parents removed to Wisconsin, settling near Whitewater, where young Peck received his education at the public schools. At fifteen he entered the office of the "Whitewater Register," where he learned the printer's art. He helped start the "Jefferson County Republican" later on, but sold out his interest therein and set type in the office of 11 the "State Journal," at Madison. At the outbreak of the war he enlisted in the Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry as a private, and after serving four years returned a second lieutenant. He then started the " Ripon Representative," which he sold not long after, and removing to New York, was on the staff of Mark Pomeroy's "Democrat." Going to La Crosse, later, he conducted the La Crosse branch paper, a half interest in which he bought in 1874. He next started "Peck's Sun," which four years later he removed to Milwaukee. While in La Crosse he was chief of police one year, and also chief clerk of the Democratic assembly in 1874. It was in 1878 that Mr. Peck took his paper to Milwaukee, and achieved his first permanent success, the circulation increasing to 80,000. For ten years he was regarded as one of the most original, versa- tile and entertaining writers in the country, and he has delineated every phase of country newspaper life, army life, domestic experience, travel and city adventure. Up to 1890 Mr. Peck took but little part in politics, but in that year was elected mayor of Milwaukee on the Democratic ticket. The following August he was elected gov- ernor of Wisconsin by a large majority, the "Bennett School Bill" figuring to a large extent in his favor. Mr. Peck, besides many newspaper arti- cles in his peculiar vein and numerous lect- ures, bubbling over with fun, is known to fame by the following books: "Peck's Bad Boy and his Pa," and "The Grocery Man and Peck's Bad Boy." CHARLES O'CONOR, who was for many years the acknowledged leader of the legal profession of New York City, was also conceded to be one of the greatest lawyers America has produced. He was 188 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY born in New York City in 1804, his father being an educated Irish gentleman. Charles received a common-school education, and early took up the study of law, being ad- mitted to practice in 1824. His close ap- plication and untiring energy and industry soon placed him in the front rank of the profession, and within a few years he was handling many of the most important cases. One of the first great cases he had and which gained him a wide reputation, was that of '• Jack, the Fugitive Slave," in 1835, in which his masterful argument before the supreme court attracted wide attention and com- ment. Charles O'Conor was a Democrat all his life. He did not aspire to office- holding, however, and never held any office except that of district attorney under Presi- dent Pierce's administration, which he only retained a. short time. He took an active interest, however, in public questions, and was a member of the state (New York) con- stitutional convention in 1864. In 1868 he was nominated for the presidency by the " Extreme Democrats." His death occurred in May, 1884. SIMON BOLIVAR BUCKNER, a noted American officer and major-general in the Confederate army, was born in Ken- tucky in 1823. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1844, served in the United States infantry and was later as- signed to commissary duty with the rank of captain. He served several years at fron- tier posts, and was assistant professor in the military academy in 1846. He was with General Scott in the Mexican war, and en- gaged in all the battles from Vera Cruz to the capture of the Mexican capital. He was wounded at Cherubusco and brevetted first lieutenant, and at Molino del Rey was brevetted captain. After the close of the Mexican war he returned to West Point as assistant instructor, and was then assigned to commissary duty at New York. He re- signed in 1855 and became superintendent of construction of the Chicago custom house. He was made adjutant-genecal, with the rank of colonel, of Illinois militia, and was colonel of Illinois volunteers raised for the Utah expedition, but was not mustered into service. In i860 he removed to Kentucky, where he settled on a farm near Louisville and became inspector-general in command of the Kentucky Home Guards. At the opening of the Civil war he joined the Con- federate army, and was given command at Bowling Green, Kentucky, which he was compelled to abandon after the capture of Fort Henry. He then retired to Fort Don- elson, and was there captured with sixteen thousand men, and an immense store of pro- visions, by General Grant, in February, 1862. He was held as a prisoner of war at Fort Warren until August of that year. He commanded a division of Hardee's corps in Bragg's Army of the Tennessee, and was afterward assigned to the third division and participated in the battles of Chickamauga, and Murfreesboro. He was with Kirby Smith when that general surrendered his army to General Canby in Ma)', 1865. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the vice- presidency on the Gold Democratic ticket with Senator John M. Palmer in 1896. SIMON KENTON, one of the famous pio- neers and scouts whose names fill the pages of the early history of our country, was born in Fauquier county, Virginia, April 3, 1755. In consequence of an affray, at the age of eighteen, young Kenton went to Kentucky, then the "Dark and Bloody Ground," and became associated with Dan- iel Boone and other pioneers of that region. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 18& For a short time he acted as a scout and spy for Lord Dunmore, the British governor of Virginia, but afterward taking the side of the struggling colonists, participated in the war for independence west of the Alle- ghanies. In 17S4 he returned to Virginia, but did not remain there long, going back with his family to Kentucky. From that time until 1793 he participated in all the combats and battles of that time, and until "Mad Anthony" Wayne swept the Valley of the Ohio, and settled the suprem- acy of the whites in that region. Kenton laid claim to large tracts of land in the new country he had helped to open up, but through ignorance of law, and the growing value of the land, lost it all and was reduced to poverty. During the war with England in 18 12-15, Kenton took part in the inva- sion of Canada with the Kentucky troops and participated in the battle of the Thames. He finally had land granted him by the legislature of Kentucky, and received a pen- sion from the United States government. He died in Logan county, Ohio, April 29, 1836. ELIHU BENJAMIN WASHBURNE, an American statesman of eminence, was born in Livermore, Maine, September 23, 1816. He learned the trade of printer, but abandoned that calling at the age of eight- een and entered the Kent's Hill Academy at Reading, Maine, and then took up the study of law, reading in Hallowell, Boston, and at the Harvard Law School. He began prac- tice at Galena, Illinois, in 1840. He was elected to congress in 1852, and represented his district in that body continuously until March, 1869, and at the time of his retire- ment he had served a greater number of consecutive terms than any other member of the house. In 1873 President Grant ap- pointed him secretary of state, which posi- tion he resigned to accept that of minister to France. During the Franco-Prussian war, including the siege of Paris and the reign of the Commune, Mr. Washburne re- mained at his post, protecting the lives and property of his countrymen, as well as that of other foreign residents in Paris, while the ministers of all other powers abandoned their posts at a time when they were most needed. As far as possible he extended protection to unfortunate German residents, who were the particular objects of hatred of the populace, and his firmness and the suc- cess which attended his efforts won the ad- miration of all Europe. Mr. Washburne died at Chicago, Illinois, October 22, 1887. WILLIAM CRAMP, one of the most extensive shipbuilders of this coun- try, was born in Kensington, then a suburb, now a part of Philadelphia, in 1806. He received a thorough English education, and when he left school was associated with Samuel Grice, one of the most eminent naval architects of his day. In 1830, hav- ing mastered all the details of shipbuilding, Mr. Cramp engaged in business on his own account. By reason of ability and excel- lent work he prospered from the start, until now, in the hands of his sons, under the name of William Cramp & Sons' Ship and Engine Building Company, it has become the most complete shipbuilding plant and naval arsenal in the western hemisphere, and fully equal to any in the world. As Mr. Cramp's sons attained manhood they learned their father's profession, and were admitted to a partnership. In 1872 the firm was incor- porated under the title given above. Until i860 wood was used in building vessels, al- though pace was kept with all advances in the art of shipbuilding. At the opening of 190 COMPItX/UCM OF BIOGRAPHY. the war came an unexpected demand for war vessels, which they promptly met. The sea-going ironclad "New Ironsides" was built by them in 1862, followed by a num- ber of formidable ironclads and the cruiser "Chattanooga." They subsequently built several war vessels for the Russian and other governments which added to their reputation. When the American steamship line was established in 1S70, the Cramps were commissioned to build for it four first- class iron steamships, the " Pennsylvania," "Ohio," "Indiana" and " Illinois," which they turned out in rapid order, some of the finest specimens of the naval architecture of their day. William Cramp remained at the head of the great company he had founded until his death, which occurred January 6, 1879. Charles H. Cramp, the successor of his father as head of the William Cramp & Sons' Ship and Engine Building Company, was born in Philadelphia May 9, 1S29, and received an excellent education in his native city, which he sedulously sought to sup- plement by close study until he became an authority on general subjects and the best naval architect on the western hemis- phere. Many of the best vessels of our new navy were built by this immense con- cern. WASHINGTON ALLSTON, probably the greatest American painter, was born in South Carolina in 1779. He was sent to school at the age of seven years at Newport, Rhode Island, where he met Ed- ward Malbone, two years his senior, and who later became a painter of note. The friendship that sprang up between them un- doubtedly influenced young Allston in the choice of a profession. He graduated from Harvard in 1800, and went to England the following year, after pursuing his studies for a year under his friend Malbone at his home in South Carolina. He became a student at the Royal Academy where the great American, Benjamin West, presided, and who became his intimate friend. Allston later went to Paris, and then to Italy, where four years were spent, mostly at Rome. In 1S09 he returned to America, but soon after returned to London, having married in the meantime a sister of Dr. Channing. In a short time his first great work appeared, "The Dead Man Restored to Life by the Bones of Elisha," which took the British Association prize and firmly established his reputation. Other paintings followed in quick succession, the greatest among which were "Uriel in the Center of the Sun," "Saint Peter Liberated by the Angel," and "Jacob's Dream," supplemented by many smaller pieces. Hard work, and grief at the death of his wife began to tell upon his health, and he left London in 1818 for America. The same year he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. During the next few years he painted "Jeremiah," "Witch ofEndor," and "Beatrice." In 1830 Alls- ton married a daughter of Judge Dana, and went to Cambridge, which was his home until his death. Here he produced the "Vision of the Bloody Hand," "Rosalie," and many less noted pieces, and had given one week of labor to his unfinished master- piece, "Belshazzar's Feast," when death ended his career July 9, 1843. JOHN ROACH, ship builder and manu- facturer, whose career was a marvel of. industrial labor, and who impressed his in- dividuality and genius upon the times in which he lived more, perhaps, than anv other manufacturer in America. He was born at Mitchelstown, County Cork, Ire- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 191 land, December 25, 1815, the son of a wealthy merchant. He attended school until he was thirteen, when his father be- came financially embarrassed and failed and shortly after died; John determined to come to America and carve out a fortune for himself. He landed in New York at the age of sixteen, and soon obtained employ- ment at the Howell Iron Works in New Jer- sey, at twenty-five cents a day. He soon made himself a place in the world, and at the end of three years had saved some twelve hundred dollars, which he lost by the failure of his employer, in whose hands it was left. Returning to New York he began to learn how to make castings for marine engines and ship work. Having again accumulated one thousand dollars, in company with three fellow workmen, he purchased a small foundry in New York, but soon became sole proprietor. At the end of four years he had saved thirty thou- sand dollars, besides enlarging his works. In 1856 his works were destroyed by a boiler explosion, and being unable to collect the insurance, was left, after paying his debts, without a dollar. However, his credit and reputation for integrity was good, and he built the Etna Iron Works, giving it capacity to construct larger marine engines than any previously built in this country. Here he turned out immense engines for the steam ram Dunderberg, for the war ves- sels Winooski and Neshaning, and other large vessels. To accommodate his increas- ing business, Mr. Roach, in 1869, pur- chased the Morgan Iron Works, one of the largest in New York, and shortly after sev- eral others. In 1871 he bought the Ches- ter ship yards, which he added to largely, erecting a rolling mill and blast furnace, and providing every facility for building a ship out of the ore and timber. This immense plant covered a large area, was valued at several millions of dollars, and was known as the Delaware River Iron Shipbuilding and Engine Works, of which Mr. Roach was the principal owner. He built a large percentage of the iron vessels now flying the American flag, the bulk of his business being for private parties. In 1875 he built the sectional dry docks at Pensacola. He, about this time, drew the attention of the government to the use of compound marine engines, and thus was the means of im- proving the speed and economy of the ves- sels of our new navy. In 1883 Mr. Roach commenced work on the three cruisers for the government, the "Chicago," "Boston" and "Atlanta," and the dispatch boat " Dolphin." For some cause the secretary of the navy refused to receive the latter and decided that Mr. Roach's contract would not hold. This embarrassed Mr. Roach, as a large amount of his capital was in- volved in these contracts, and for the pro- tection of bondsmen and creditors, July 18, 1885, he made an assignment, but the. financial trouble broke down his strong con- stitution, and January 10, 1887, he died. His son, John B. Roach, succeeded to the shipbuilding interests, while Stephen W. Roach inherited the Morgan Iron Works at New York. JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY, one of the two great painters who laid the foundation of true American art, was born in Boston in 1737, one year earlier than his great contemporary, Benjamin West. His education was limited to the common schools of that time, and his training in art he ob- tained by his own observation and experi- ments solely. When he was about seven- teen years old he had mapped out his future, however, by choosing painting as his pro- 192 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. fession. If he ever studied under any teacher in his early efforts, we have no au- thentic account of it, and tradition credits the young artist's wonderful success en- tirely to his own talent and untiring effort. It is almost incredible that at the age of twenty-three years his income from his works aggregated fifteen hundred dollars per annum, a very great sum in those days. In 1774 he went to Europe in search of ma- terial for study, which was so rare in his native land. After some time spent in Italy he finally took up his permanent residence in England. In 1783 he was made a mem- ber of the Royal Academy, and later his son had the high honor of becoming lord chancellor of England and Lord Eyndhurst. Many specimens of Copley's work are to be found in the Memorial Hall at Harvard and in the Boston Museum, as well as a few of the works upon which he modeled his style. Copley was essentially a portrait painter, though his historical paintings at- tained great celebrity, his masterpiece being his " Death of Major Pierson," though that distinction has by some been given to his "Death of Chatham." It is said that he never saw a good picture until he was thirty-five years old, yet his portraits prior to that period are regarded as rare speci- mens. He died in 181 5. HENRY B. PLANT, one of the greatest railroad men of the country, became famous as president of the Plant system of railway and steamer lines, and also the Southern & Texas Express Co. He was born in October, 1S19, at Branford, Connecticut, and entered the railroad serv- ice in 1844, serving as express messenger on the Hartford & New Haven Railroad until 1853, during which time he had entire charge of the express* business of that road. He went south in 1853 and established ex- press lines on various southern railways, and in 1 86 1 organized the Southern Express Co., and became its president. In 1879 he purchased, with others, the Atlantic & Gulf Railroad of Georgia, and later reorganized the Savannah, Florida & Western Railroad, of which he became president. He pur- chased and rebuilt, in 1880, the Savannah & Charleston Railroad, now Charleston & Savannah. Not long after this he organ- ized the Plant Investment Co., to control these railroads and advance their interests generally, and later established a steamboat line on the St. John's river, in Florida. From 1853 until i860 he was general superintendent of the southern division of the Adams Express Co., and in 1867 be- came president of the Texas Express Co. The "Plant system" of railway, steamer and steamship lines is one of the greatest business corporations of the southern states. WADE HAMPTON, a noted Confeder- ate officer, was born at Columbia, South Carolina, in 18 18. He graduated from the South Carolina College, took an active part in politics, and was twice elected to the legislature of his state. In 1861 he joined the Confederate army, and command- ed the " Hampton Legion " at the first bat- tle of Bull Run, in July, 1861. He did meritorious service, was wounded, and pro- moted to brigadier-general. He command- ed a brigade at Seven Pines, in 1862, and was again wounded. He was engaged in the battle of Antietam in September of the same year, and participated in the raid into Pennsylvania in October. In 1863 he was with Lee at Gettysburg, where he was wounded for the third time. He was pro- moted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and commanded a troop of cavalry in Lee's COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 193 army during 1864, and was in numerous en- gagements. In 1865 he was in South Car- olina, and commanded the cavalry rear guard of the Confederate army in its stub- born retreat before General Sherman on his advance toward Richmond. After the war Hampton took an active part in politics, and was a prominent figure at the Democratic national convention in 1868, which nominated Seymour and Blair for president and vice-president. He was governor of South Carolina, and took his seat in the United States senate in 1879, where he became a conspicuous figure in national affairs. NIKOLA TESLA, one of the most cele- brated electricians America has known, was born in 1857, at Smiljau, Lika, Servia. He descended from an old and representative family of that country. His father was a a minister of the Greek church, of high rank, while his mother was a woman of remarka- ble skill in the construction of looms, churns and the machinery required in a rural home. Nikola received early education in the public schools of Gospich, when he was sent to the higher "Real Schule " at Karl- stadt, where, after a three years' course, he graduated in 1873. He devoted him- self to experiments in electricity and magnetism, to the chagrin of his father, who had destined him for the ministry, but giving way to the boy's evident genius he was allowed to continue his studies in the polytechnic school at Gratz. He in- herited a wonderful intuition which enabled him to see through the intricacies of ma- chinery, and despite his instructor's demon- stration that a dynamo could not be oper- ated without commutators or brushes, began experiments which finally resulted in his rotating field motors. After the study of languages at Prague and Buda-Pesth, he became associated with M. Puskas, who had introduced the telephone into Hungary. He invented several improvements, but being unable to reap the necessary benefit from them, he, in search of a wider field, went to Paris, where he found employment with one of the electric lighting companies as electrical engineer. Soon he set his face westward, and coming to the United States for a time found congenial employment wrth Thomas A. Edison. Finding it impossible, overshadowed as he was, to carry out his own ideas he left the Edison works to join a company formed to place his own inven- tions on the market. He perfected his rotary field principle, adapting it to circuits then in operation. It is said of him that some of his proved theories will change the entire electrical science. It would, in an article of this length, be impossible to ex- plain all that Tesla accomplished for the practical side of electrical engineering. His discoveries formed the basis of the at- tempt to utilize the water power of Niagara Falls. His work ranges far beyond the vast department of polyphase currents and high potential lighting and includes many inventions in arc lighting, transformers, pyro and thermo-magnetic motors, new forms of incandescent lamps, unipolar dyna- mos and many others. CHARLES B. LEWIS won fame as an American humorist under the name of "M. Quad." It is said he owes his celebrity originally to the fact that he was once mixed up in a boiler explosion on the Ohio river, and the impressions he received from the event he set up from his case when he was in the composing room of an ob- scure Michigan paper. His style possesses a peculiar quaintness, and there runs through 194 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. it a vein of philosophy. Mr. Lewis was born in 1844, near a town called Liverpool, Ohio. He was, however, raised in Lansing, Michigan, where he spent a year in an agri- cultural college, going from there to the composing room of the "Lansing Demo- crat." At the outbreak of the war he en- listed in the service, remained during the entire war, and then returned to Lansing. The explosion of the boiler that " blew him into fame," took place two years later, while he was on his way south. When he re- covered physically, he brought suit for dam- ages against the steamboat company, which he gained, and was awarded a verdict of twelve thousand dollars for injuries re- ceived. It was while he was employed by the "Jacksonian" of Pontiac, Mich., that he set up his account of how he felt while being blown up. He says that he signed it "M Quad," because "a bourgeoise em quad is useless except in its own line — it won't justify with any other type." Soon after, because of the celebrity he attained by this screed, Mr. Lewis secured a place on the staff of the "Detroit Free Press," and made for that paper a wide reputation. His sketches of the "Lime Kiln Club" and " Brudder Gardner " are perhaps the best known of his humorous writings. HIRAM S. MAXIM, the famous inventor. was born in Sangersville, Maine, February 5, 1840, the son of Isaac W. and Harriet B. Maxim. The town of his birth was but a small place, in the woods, on the confines of civilization, and the family endured many hardships. They were without means and entirely dependent on themselves to make out of raw materials all they needed. The mother was an expert spinner, weaver, dyer and seamstress and the father a trapper, tanner, miller, blacksmith, carpenter, mason and farmer. Amid such surroundings young Maxim gave early promise of remarkable aptitude. With the universal Yankee jack- knife the products of his skill excited the wonder and interest of the locality. His parents did not encourage his latent genius but apprenticed him to a coach builder. Four years he labored at this uncongenial trade but at the end of that time he forsook it and entered a machine shop at Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Soon mastering the details of that business and that of mechanical drawing, he went to Boston as the foreman of the philosophical instrument manufactory. From thence he went to New York and with the Novelty Iron Works Shipbuilding Co. he gained experience in those trades. His inventions up to this time consisted of improvements in steam engines, and an automatic gas machine, which came into general use. In 1877 he turned his attention to electricity, and in 1878 produced an incandescent lamp, that would burn 1,000 hours. He was the first to design a process for flashing electric carbons, and the first to "standardize" carbons for electric light- ing. In 1880 he visited Europe and exhibit- ing, at the Paris Exposition of 1881, a self- regulating machine, was decorated with the Legion of Honor. In 1883 he returned to London as the European representative of the United States Electric Light Co. An incident of his boyhood, in which the recoil of a rifle was noticed by him, and the apparent loss of power shown, in 188 1-2 prompted the invention of a gun which utilizes the recoil to automatically load and fire seven hundred and seventy shots per minute. The Maxim- Nordenfelt Gun Co., with a capital of nine million dollars, grew from this. In 1883 he patented his electric training gear for large guns. And later turned his attention to fly- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 195 ing machines, which he claimed were not an impossibility. Fie took out over one hundred patents for smokeless gunpowder, and for pe- troleum and other motors and autocycles. JOHN DAVISON ROCKEFELLER, J one of America's very greatest financiers and philanthropists, was born in Richford, Tioga county, New York, July 8, 1839. He received a common-school education in his native place, and in 1853, when his parents removed to Cleveland, Ohio, he entered the high school of that city. After a two-years' course of diligent work, he entered the com- mission and forwarding house of Hewitt & Tuttle, of Cleveland, remaining with the firm some years, and then began business for himself, forming a partnership with Morris B. Clark. Mr. Rockefeller was then but nineteen years of age, and during the year i860, in connection with others, they started the oil refining business, under the firm name of Andrews, Clark & Co. Mr. Rockefeller and Mr. Andrews purchased the interest of their associates, and, after taking William Rockefeller into the firm, established offices in Cleveland under the name of William Rockefeller & Co. Shortly after this the house of Rockefeller & Co. was es- tablished in New York for the purpose of finding a market for their products,. and two years later all the refining companies were consolidated under the firm name of Rocke- feller, Andrews & Flagler. This firm was succeeded in 1870 by the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, said to be the most gigantic business corporation of modern times. John D. Rockefeller's fortune has been variously estimated at from one hun- dred million to two hundred million dollars. Mr. Rockefeller's philanthropy mani- fested itself principally through the American Baptist Educational Society. He donated the building for the Spelman Institute at Atlanta, Georgia, a school for the instruction of negroes. His other gifts were to the University of Rochester, Cook Academy, Peddie Institute, and Vassar College, be- sides smaller gifts to many institutions throughout the country. His princely do- nations, however, were to the University of Chicago. His first gift to this institution was a conditional offer of six hundred thou- sand dollars in 1889, and when this amount was paid he added one million more. Dur- ing 1892 he made it two gifts of one million each, and all told, his donations to this one institution aggregated between seven and eight millions of dollars. JOHN M. PALMER.— For over a third of a century this gentleman occupied a prominent place in the political world, both in the state of Illinois and on the broader platform of national issues. Mr. Palmer was born at Eagle Creek, Scott count}-, Kentucky, September 13, 1817. The family subsequently removed to Christian county, in the same state, where he acquired a common-school education, and made his home until 1831. His father was opposed to slavery, and in the latter year removed to Illinois and settled near Alton. In 1834 John entered Alton College, or- ganized on the manual-labor plan, but his funds failing, abandoned it and entered a cooper shop. He subsequently was en- gaged in peddling, and teaching a district school near Canton. In 1838 he began the study of law, and the following year re- moved to Carlinville, where, in December of that year, he was admitted to the bar. He was shortly after defeated for county clerk. In 1843 he was elected probate judge. In the constitutional convention of 1847, Mr. Palmer was a delegate, and from 1849 to 190 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRArilT. 1 85 1 he was county judge. In 1852 he be- came a member of the state senate, but not being with his party on the slavery question he resigned that office in 1854. In 1856 Mr. Palmer was chairman of the first Re- publican state convention held in Illinois, and the same year was a delegate to the national convention. In i860 he was an elector on the Lincoln ticket, and on the breaking out of the war entered the service as colonel of the Fourteenth Illinois Infan- try, but was shortly after brevetted brigadier- general. In August, 1862, he organized the One Hundred and Twenty-second Illi- nois Infantry, but in September he was placed in command of the first division of the Army of the Mississippi, afterward was promoted to the rank of major-general. In 1865 lie was assigned to the military ad- ministration in Kentucky. In 1867 General Palmer was elected governor of Illinois and s°rved four years. In 1872 he went with the Liberal Republicans, who supported Horace Greeley, after which time he was identified with the Democratic party. In 1890 he was elected United States senator from Illinois, and served as such for six years. In 1896, on the adoption of the sil- ver plank in the platform of the Democratic party, General Palmer consented to lead, as presidential candidate, the National Dem- oc vats, or Gold Democracy. WILLIAM H. BEARD, the humorist among American painters, was born at Painesville, Ohio, in 1821. His father, James H. Beard, was also a painter of na- tional reputation. William H. Beard be- gan his career as a traveling portrait painter. He pursued his studies in New York, and later removed to Buffalo, where he achieved reputation. He then went to Italy and after a short stay returned to New York and opened a studio. One of his earliest paintings was a small picture called "Cat and Kittens," which was placed in the National Academy onexhibition. Among his best productions are "Raining Cats and Dogs," "The Dance of Silenus," "Bears on a Bender," "Bulls and Bears," " Whoo!" " Grimalkin's Dream," " Little Red Riding Hood," "The Guardian of the Flag." His animal pictures convey the most ludicrous and satirical ideas, and the intelligent, human expression in their faces is most comical. Some artists and critics have re- fused to give Mr. Beard a place among the first circles in art, solely on account of the class of subjects he has chosen. WW. CORCORAN, the noted philan- thropist, was born at Georgetown, District of Columbia. December 27, 1798. At the age of twenty-five he entered the banking business in Washington, and in time became very wealthy. He was noted for his magnificent donations to char- ity. Oak Hill cemetery was donated to Georgetown in 1S47, and ten years later the Corcoran Art Gallery, Temple of Art, was presented to the city of Washington. The uncompleted building was utilized by the government as quartermaster's headquar- ters during the war. The building was completed after the war at a cost of a mil- lion and a half dollars, all the gift of Mr. Corcoran. The Louise Home for Women is another noble charity to his credit. Its object is the care of women of gentle breed- ing who in declining years are without means of support. In addition to this he gave liberally to many worthy institutions of learning and charity. He died at Wash- ington February 24, 1S88. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHV. 197 ALBERT BIERSTADT, the noted paint- er of American landscape, was born in Dusseldorf, Germany, in 1829, and was brought to America by his parents at the age of two years. He received his early education here, but returned to Dusseldorf to study painting, and also went to Rome. On his return to America he accompanied Lander's expedition across the continent, in 1858, and soon after produced his most popular work, "The Rocky Mountains — Lander's Peak. " Its boldness and grandeur were so unusual that it made him famous. The picture sold for twenty-five thousand dollars. In 1S67 Mr. Bierstadt went to Europe, with a government commission, and gathered materials for his great historic- al work. "Discovery of the North River by Hendrik Hudson." Others of his great works were "Storm in the Rocky Mount- ains," "Valley of the Yosemite," "North Fork of the Platte," "Diamond Pool," "Mount Hood," "Mount Rosalie," and "The Sierra Nevada Mountains." His " Estes Park ' sold for fifteen thousand dollars, and "Mount Rosalie" brought thirty-five thousand dollars. His smaller Rocky mountain scenes, however, are vast- ly superior to his 'larger works in execution and coloring:. ADDISON CAMMACK, a famous mill- ionaire Wall street speculator, was born in Kentucky. When sixteen years old he ran away from home and went to New Orleans, where he went to work in a ship- ping house. He outlived and outworked all the partners, and became the head of the firm before the opening of the war. At that time he fitted out small vessels and en- gaged in running the blockade of southern ports and carrying ammunition, merchan- dise, etc., to the southern peopie. This made him a fortune. At the close of the war he quit business and went to New York. For two years he did not enter any active business, but seemed to be simply an on-looker in the great speculative center of America. He was observing keenly the methods and financial machinery, however, and when, in 1867, he formed a partnership with the popular Charles J. Osborne, the firm began to prosper. He never had an office on the street, but wandered into the various brokers' offices and placed his orders as he saw fit. In 1S73 he dissolved his partnership with Osborne and operated alone. He joined a band of speculative conspirators known as the "Twenty-third party," and was the ruling spirit in that or- ganization for the control of the stock mar- ket. He was always on the ' ' bear " side and the only serious obstacle he ever encoun- tered was the persistent boom in industrial stocks, particularly sugar, engineered by James R. Keane. Mr. Cammack fought Keane for two years, and during the time is said to have lost no less than two million dollars before he abandoned the fie;ht. WALT. WHITMAN.— Foremost among the lesser poets of the latter part of the nineteenth century, the gentleman whose name adorns the head of this article takes a conspicuous place. Whitman was born at West Hills, Long Island, New York, May 13, 1809. In the schools of Brooklyn he laid the foundation of his education, and early in life learned the printer's trade. For a time he taught coun- try schools in his native state. In 1846-7 he was editor of the " Brooklyn Eagle, " but in 1848-9 was on the editorial staff of the "Crescent," of New Orleans. He made an extended tour throughout the United States and Canada, and returned to j98 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY Brooklyn, where, in 1850, he published the "Freeman. " For some years succeeding '.his he was engaged as carpenter and builder. During the Civil war, Whitman acted as a volunteer nurse in the hospitals at Washington and vicinity and from the close of hostilities until 1873 he was employed in various clerkships in the government offices in the nation's capital. In the latter year he was stricken with paralysis as a result of his labors in the hospital, it is said, and being partially disabled lived for many years at Camden, New Jersey. The first edition of the work which was to bring him fame, "Leaves of Grass," was published in 1855 and was but a small volume of about ninety-four pages. Seven or eight editions of "Leaves of Grass" have been issued, each enlarged and enriched with new poems. "Drum Taps," at first a separate publication, has been incorporated with the others. This volume and one prose writing entitled " Specimen Days and Collect," constituted his whole work. Walt. Whitman died at Camden, New Jersey, March 26, 1892. HENRY DUPONT, who became cele- brated as America's greatest manufact- urer of gunpowder, was a native of Dela- ware, born August 8, 18 12. He received his education in its higher branches at the United States Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated and entered the army as second lieutenant of artillery in 1833. In 1834 he resigned and became proprietor of the extensive gunpowder manufacturing plant that bears his name, near Wilmington, Delaware. His large business interests interfered with his tak- ing any active participation in political life, although for many years he served as adjutant-general of his native state, and during the war as major-general command- ing the Home Guards. He died August 8, 1889. His son, Henry A. Dupont, also was a native of Delaware, and was born July 30, 1838. After graduating from West Point in 1 86 1, he entered the army as second lieutenant of engineers. Shortly after he was transferred to the Fifth Artillery as first lieutenant. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1S64, serving in camp and garrison most of the time. He was in com- mand of a battery in the campaign of 1863-4. Aschief of artillery of the army of West Virginia, he figured until the close of the war, being in the battles of Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, besides many minor engagements. He afterward acted as instructor in the artillery school at Fortress Monroe, and on special duty at West Point. He resigned from the army March 1, 1875. WILLIAM DEERING, one of the fa- mous manufacturers of America, and also a philanthropist and patron of educa- tion, was born in Maine in 1826. His an- cestors were English, having settled in New- England in 1634. Early in life it was Will - iam's intention to become a physician, and after completing his common-school educa- tion, when about eighteen years of age, he began an apprenticeship with a physician. A short time later, however, at the request of his father, he took charge of his father's business interests, which included a woolen mill, retail store and grist mill, after which he became agent for a dry goods commission house in Portland, where he was married. Later he became partner in the firm, and removed to New York. The business pros- pered, and after a number of years, on ac- count of fniling health, Mr. Deering sold hi-; interest to his partner, a Mr. Milner. The COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 199 business has since made Mr. Milner a mill- ionaire many times over. A few years later Mr. Deering located in Chicago. His beginning in the manufacture of reapers, which has since made his name famous, was somewhat of an accident. He had loaned money to a man in that business, and in 1878 was compelled to buy out the business to protect his interests. The busi- ness developed rapidly and grew to immense proportions. The factories now cover sixty- two acres of ground and employ many thou- sands of men. John McAllister schofield, an American general, was born in Chautau- qua county, New York, September 29, 1 83 1 . Hegraduated at West Point in 1S53, and was for five years assistant professor of nat- ural philosophy in that institution. In 1861 he entered the volunteer service as major of the First Missouri Volunteers, and was ap- pointed chief of staff by General Lyon, under whom he fought at the battle of Wilson's Creek. In November, i86r, he was ap- pointed brigadier-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of. the Missouri militia until November, 1862, and of the army of the frontier from that time until 1863. In 1862 he was made major-general of volunteers, and was placed in command of the Department of the Missouri, and in 1864 of the Department of the Ohio. During the campaign through Georgia General Scho- field was in command of the Twenty-third Army Corps, and was engaged in most of the fighting of that famous campaign. Novem- ber 30, 1864, he defeated Hood's army at Franklin, Tennessee, and then joined Gen- eral Thomas at Nashville. He took part in the battle of Nashville, where Hood's army was destroyed. In January, 1865, he led his corps into North Carolina, captured Wilmington, fought the battle of Kingston, and joined General Sherman at Goldsboro March 22, 1865. He executed the details of the capitulation of General Johnston to Sherman, which practically closed the war. In June, 186S, General Schofield suc- ceeded Edwin M. Stanton as secretary of war, but was the next year appointed major- general of the United States army, and order- ed to the Department of the Missouri. From 1870 to 1876 he was in command of the De- partment of the Pacific; from 1876 to 1881 superintendent of the West Point Military Academy; in 1883 he was in charge of the Department of the Missouri, and in 1886 of the division of the Atlantic. In 1888 he became general-in-chief of the United States army, and in February, 1895, was appoint- ed lieutenant-general by President Cleve- land, that rank having been revived by con- gress. In September, 1895, he was retired from active service. LEWIS WALLACE, an American gen- eral and famous author, was born in Brookville, Indiana, April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican war as first lieutenant of a company of Indiana Volunteers. After his return from Mexico he was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Covington and Crawfordsville, Indiana, until 1861. At the opening of the war he was appointed ad- jutant-general of Indiana, and soon after be- came colonel of the Eleventh Indiana Vol- unteers. He defeated a force of Confeder- ates at Romney, West Virginia, and was made brigadier-general in September, 1861. At the capture of Fort Donelson in 1862 he commanded a division, and was engaged in the second day's fight at Shiloh. In 1863 his defenses about Cincinnati saved that city from capture by Kirby Smith. At Monoc- acy in July, 1864, he was defeated, but L'l >( I COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. his resistance delayed the advance of Gen- eral Early and thus saved Washington from capture. General Wallace was a member of the court that tried the assassins of President Lincoln, and also of that before whom Cap- tain Henry Wirtz, who had charge of the Andersonville prison, was tried. In 1S81 General Wallace was sent as minister to Turkey. When not in official service he devoted much of his time to literature. Among his better known works are his "Fair God," "Ben Hur," "Prince of India," and a " Life of Benjamin Harrison." istration. The questions for adjustment at that time between the two governments were the Behring Sea controversy and the Venezuelan boundary question. He was very popular in England because of his tariff views, and because of his criticism of the protective policy of the United States in his public speeches delivered in London. Edinburgh and other places, he received, in March, i S96, a vote of censure in the lower house of congress. THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD, an Ameri- can statesman and diplomat, was born at Wilmington, Delaware, October 29, 1828. He obtained his education at an Episcopal academy at Flushing, Long Island, and after a short service in a mercantile house in New York, he returned to Wilmington and j entered his father's law office to prepare himself for the practice of that profession. He was admitted to the bar in 1851. He was appointed to the office of United States district attorney for the state of Delaware, serving one year. In 1 S69 he was elected to the United States senate, and continuously represented his state in that body until 1885, and in 1881, when Chester A. Arthur entered the presidential chair, Mr. Bayard was chosen president pro tempore of the senate. He had also served on the famous electoral commission that decided the Hayes-Tilden contest in 1876-7. In 1885 President Cleve- land appointed Mr. Bayard secretary of state. At the beginning of Cleveland's sec- ond term, in 1893, Mr. Bayard was selected for the post of ambassador at the court of St. James, London, and was the first to hold that rank in American diplomacy, serving until the beginning of the McKinley admin- TOHN WORK GARRETT, for so many acter among what might be termed as the highest grade of philanthropists Amer- ica has produced. She was born on a farm at Oxford, Massachusetts, a daughter of Captain Stephen Barton, and was educated at Clinton, New York. She engaged in teaching early in life, and founded a free school at Bordentown, the first in New Jer- sey. She opened with six pupils, but the attendance had grown to six hundred up to 1854, when she went to Washington. She was appointed clerk in the patent depart- ment, and remained there until the out- break of the Civil war, when she resigned her position and devoted herself to the al- leviation of the sufferings of the soldiers, serving, not in the hospitals, but on the bat- tle field. She was present at a number of battles, and after the war closed she origi- nated, and for some time carried on at her own expense, the search for missing soldiers. She then for several years devoted her time to lecturing on "Incidents of the War." About 1 868 she went to Europe for her health, and settled in Switzerland, but on the outbreak of the Franco-German war she ac- cepted the invitation of the grand duchess of Baden to aid in the establishment of her hospitals, and Miss Barton afterward fol- lowed the German army She was deco- rated with the golden cross by the grand duke of Baden, and with the iron cross by the emperor of Germany. She aiso served for many years as president of the famous Red Cross Society and attained a world- wide reputation. CARDINAL JAMES GIBBONS, one of the most eminent Catholic clergymen in America, was born in Baltimore, Mary- land, July 23, 1834. He was given a thorough education, graduated at St. Charles College, Maryland, in 1857, and studied theology in St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland. In 1861 he became pastor of St. Bridget's church in Baltimore, and in 1868 was consecrated vicar apostolic of North Carolina. In 1872 our subjeci be- came bishop of Richmond, Virginia, and five years later was made archbishop ct Bal- timore. On the 30th of Tune, 1880, he was admitted to the full degree of cardinal and primate of the American Catholic church. He was a fluent writer, and his book, "Faith of Our Fathers,' had a wide circulation. CHAUNCEY MITCHELL DEPEW.— This name is, without doubt, one 0? the most widely known in the United States. Mr. Depew was born April 23, 1834, at Peekskill, New York, the home of the Depew family for two hundred years. He attended the common schools of his native place. where he prepared himself to enter college. He began his collegiate course at Yale at the age of eighteen and graduated in 1856. He early took an active interest in politics and joined the Republican party at its for- mation. He then took up the study of law and went into the office of the Hon. Will- iam Nelson, of Peekskill, for that purpose, and in 1858 he was admitted to the bar. 210 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. He was sent as a delegate by the new party to the Republican state convention of that year. He began the practice of his profes- sion in 1859, but though he was a good worker, his attention was detracted by the campaign of i860, in which he took an act- ive part. During this campaign he gained his first laurels as a public speaker. Mr. Depew was elected assemblyman in 1862 from a Democratic district. In 1S63 he se- cured the nomination for secretary of stare, and gained that post by a majority of thirty thousand. In 1866 he left the field of pol- itics and entered into the active practice of his law business as attorney for the New York & Harlem Railroad Company, and in 1869 when this road was consoli- dated with the New York Central, and ^rilled the New York Central & Hudson fliver Railroad, he was appointed the attor- ney for the new road. His rise in the rail- road business was rapid, and ten years after his entrance into the Yanderbilt system as attorney for a single line, he was the gen- eral counsel for one of the largest railroad systems in the world. He was also a director in the Lake Shore cS: Michigan Southern, Michigan Central, Chicago & Northwestern, St. Paul & Omaha, West Shore, and Nickel Plate railroad companies. In 1874 Mr. Depew was made regent of the State University, and a member of the commission appointed to superintend the erection of the capitol at Albany. In 18S2, on the resignation of W. H. Yanderbilt from the presidency of the New York Cen- tral and the accession to that office by James H. Rutter, Mr. Depew was made second vice-president, and held that posi- tion until the death of Mr. Rutter in 18S5. In this year Mr. Depew became the execu- tive nead of this great corporation. Mr. Depew's greatest fame grew from his ability and eloquence as an orator and "after-din- ner speaker," and it has been said by emi- nent critics that this country has never pro- duced his equal in wit, fluency and eloquence. PHILIP KEARNEY.— Among the most dashing and brilliant commanders in the United States service, few have outshone the talented officer whose name heads this sketch. He was born in New York City, June 2, 181 5, and was of Irish ancestry and imbued with all the dash and bravery of tne Celtic race. He graduated from Columbia College and studied law, but in 1837 ac- cepted a commission as lieutenant in the First United States Dragoons, of which his uncle, Stephen W. Kearney, was then colo- nel. He was sent by the government, soon after, to Europe to examine and report upon the tactics of the French cavalry. There he attended the Polytechnic School, at Samur, and subsequently served as a vol- unteer in Algiers, winning the cross of the Legion of Honor. He returned to the United States in 1840, and on the staff of General Scott, in the Mexican war, served with great gallantry. He was made a cap- tain of dragoons in 1846 and made major for services at Contreras and Cherubusco. In the final assault on the City of Mexico at the San Antonio Gate, Kearney lost an arm. He subsequently served in California and the Pacific coast. In 1851 he resigned his commission and went to Europe, where he resumed his military studies. In the Italian war, in 1859, he served as a volun- teer on the staff of General Maurier, of the French army, and took part in the battles of Solferino and Magenta, and for bravery was, for the second time, decorated with the cross of the Legion of Honor. On the opening of the Civil war he hastened home, and, offering his services to the general gov- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATIir. 211 crnrr?ent, was made brigadier-general of volunteers and placed in command of a bri- gade of New Jersey troops. In the cam- paign under McClellan he commanded a di- vision, and at Williamsburg and Fair Oaks his services were valuable and brilliant, as well as in subsequent engagements. At Harrison's Landing he was made major-gen- eral of volunteers. In the second battle of Bull Run he was conspicuous, and at the battle of Chantilly, September i, 1862, while leading in advance of his troops, Gen- eral Kearney was shot and killed. RUSSELL SAGE, one of the financial giants of the present century and for more than an average generation one of the most conspicuous and celebrated of Ameri- cans, was born in a frontier hamlet in cen- tral New York in August, 18 16. While Rus- sell was still a boy an elder brother, Henry Risley Sage, established a small grocery store at Troy, New York, and here Russell found his first employment, as errand boy. He served a five-years apprenticeship, and then joined another brother, Elisha M. Sage, in a new venture in the same line, which proved profitable, at least for Russell, who soon became its sole owner. Next he formed the partnership of Sage & Bates, and greatly extended his field of operations. At twenty-five he had, by his own exertions, amassed what was, in those days, a consid- erable fortune, being worth about seventy- five thousand dollars. He had acquired an influence in local politics, and four years later his party, the Whigs, elected him to the aldermanic board of Troy and to the treasuryship of Rensselaer county. In 1848 he was a prominent member of the New York delegation to the Whig convention at Philadelphia, casting his first votes for Henry Clay, but joining the "stampede" which nominated Zachary Taylor. In 1850 the Whigs of Troy nominated him for congress, but he was not elected — a failure which he retrieved two years later, and in 1S54 he was re-elected by a sweeping majority. At Washington he ranked high in influence and ability. Fame as a speaker and as a polit- ical leader was within his grasp, when he gave up public life, declined a renomination to congress, and went back to Troy to de- vote himself to his private business. Six years later, in 1863, he removed to New York and plunged into the arena of Wall street. A man of boundless energy and tireless pertinacity, with wonderful judg- ment of men and things, he soon took his place as a king in finance, and, it is said, during the latter part of his life he con- trolled more ready money than any other single individual on this continent. ROGER QUARLES MILLS, a noted United States senator and famous as the father of the. "Mills tariff bill, "was born in Todd county, Kentucky, March 30, 1832. He received a liberal education in the com- mon schools, and removed to Palestine, Texas, in 1849. He took up the study of law, and supported himself by serving as an assistant in the post-office, and in the offices of the court clerks. In 1850 he was elected engrossing clerk of the Texas house of rep- resentatives, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar, while still a minor, by special act of the legislature. He then settled at Cor- sicana, Texas, and began the active prac- tice of his profession. He was elected to the state legislature in 1859, and in iS/2 he was elected to congress from the state at large, as a Democrat. After his first elec- tion he was continuously returned to con- gress until he resigned to accept the posi- tion of United States senator, to which he 212 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRATHr. was elected March 23, 1892, to succeed Hon. Horace Chilton. He took his seat in the senate March 30, 1892; was afterward re-elected and ranked among the most use- ful and prominent members of that body. In 1876 he opposed the creation of the elec- toral commission, and in 1887 canvassed the state of Texas against the adoption of a prohibition amendment to its constitution, which was defeated. He introduced into the house of representatives the bill that was known as the "Mills Bill," reducing duties on imports, and extending the free list. The bill passed the house on July 21, 1888, and made the name of "Mills" famous throughout the entire country. HAZEN S. PINGREE, the celebrated Michigan political leader, was born in Maine in 1842. Up to fourteen years of age he worked hard on the stony ground of his father's small farm. Attending school in the winter, he gained a fair education, and when not laboring on the farm, he found employment in the cotton mills in the vicinity. He resolved to find more steady work, and accordingly went to Hopkinton, Massachusetts, where he entered a shoe fac- tory, but on the outbreak of the war he en- listed at once and was enrolled in the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He partici- pated in the battle of Bull Run, which was his initial fight, and served creditably his early term of service, at the expiration of which he re-enlisted. He fought in the battles of Fredricksburg, Harris Farm, Spottsylvania Court House and Cold Har- bor. In 1864 he was captured by Mosby, and spent five months at Andersonville, Georgia, as a prisoner, but escaped at the end of that time. He re-entered the service and participated in the battles of Fort Fisher, Boyden, and Sailor's Creek. He was honorably mustered out of service, and in 1866 went to Detroit, Michigan, where he made use of his former experience in a shoe factory, and found work. Later he formed a partnership with another workman and started a small factory, which has since become a large establishment. Mr. Pin- gree made his entrance into politics in 1889, in which year he was elected by a surpris- ingly large majority as a Republican to the mayoralty of Detroit, in which office he was the incumbent during four consecutive terms. In November, 1896, he was elected gov- ernor of the state of Michigan. While mayor of Detroit, Mr. Pingree originated and put into execution the idea of allowing the poor people of the city the use of va- cant city lands and lots for the purpose of raising potatoes. The idea was enthusiast- ically adopted by thousands of poor families, attracted wide attention, and gave its author a national reputation as "Potato-patch Pin- gree." THOMAS ANDREW HENDRICKS, an eminent American statesman and a Democratic politician of national fame, was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, Septem- ber 7, 1 8 19. In 1822 he removed, with his father, to Shelby county, Indiana. He graduated from the South Hanover College in 1 84 1, and two years later was admitted to the bar. In 1851 he was chosen a mem- ber of the state constitutional convention, and took a leading part in the deliberations of that body. He was elected to congress in 1 85 1, and after serving two terms was appointed commissioner of the United States general land-office. In 1863 he was elected to the United States senate, where his dis- tinguished services commanded the respect of all parties. He was elected governor of Indiana in 1872, serving four years, and in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHT. 213 1876 was nominated by the Democrats as candidate for the vice-presidency with Til- den. The returns in a number of states were contested, and resulted in the appoint- ment of the famous electoral commission, which decided in favor of the Republican candidates. In 1884 Mr. Hendricks was again nominated as candidate for the vice- presidency, by the Democratic party, on the ticket with Grover Cleveland, was elected, and served about six months. He died at Indianapolis, November 25, 1885. He was regarded as one of the brainiest men in the party, and his integrity was never ques- tioned, even by his political opponents. GARRETT A. HOBART, one of the many able men who have held the high office of vice-president of the United States, was born June 3, 1844, in Mon- mouth county, New Jersey, and in i860 en- tered the sophomore class at Rutgers Col- lege, from which he graduated in 1863 at the age of nineteen. He then taught school until he entered the law office of Socrates Tuttle, of Paterson, New Jersey, with whom he studied law, and in 1869 was admitted to the bar. He immediately began the active practice of his profession in the office of the above named gentleman. He became interested in political life, and espoused the cause of the Republican party, and in 1865 held his first office, serving as clerk for the grand jury. He was also city counsel of Paterson in 1871, and in May, 1872, was elected counsel for the board of chosen freeholders. He entered the state legislature in 1873, and was re-elected to the assembly in 1874. Mr. Hobart was made speaker of the assembly in 1876, and and in 1 879 was elected to the state senate. After serving three years in the same, he was elected president of that body in 1 88 1 , and the following year was re-elected to that office. He was a delegate-af -large to the Republican national convention in 1876 and 1880, and was elected a member of the national committee in 1884, which position he occupied continuously until 1896. He was then nominated for vice-president by the Republican national convention, anr 1 was elected to that office in the fall of 1896 on the ticket with William McKinley. WILLIAM MORRIS STEWART, noted as a political leader and senator, was born in Lyons, Wayne county, New York, August 9, 1827, and removed with his par- ents while still a small child to Mesopota- mia township, Trumbull county, Ohio. He attended the Lyons Union school and Farm- ington Academy, where he obtained his ed- ucation. Later he taught mathematics in the former school, while yet a pupil, and with the little money thus earned and the assistance of James C. Smith, one of the judges of the supreme court of New York, he entered Yale College. He remained there until the winter of 1849-50, when, at- tracted by the gold discoveries in California he wended his way thither. He arrived at San Francisco in May, 1850, and later en- gaged in mining with pick and shovel in Ne- vada county. In this way he accumulated some money, and in the spring of 1852 he took up the study of law under John R. McConnell. The following December he was appointed district attorney, to which office he was chosen at the general election of the next year. In 1854 he was ap- pointed attorney-general of California, and in 1S60 he removed to Virginia City, Ne- vada, where he largely engaged in early mining litigation. Mr. Stewart was also in- terested in the development of the "Corn- stock lode," and in 1861 was chosen a 214 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. member of the territorial council. He was elected a member of the constitutional con- vention in 1863, and was elected United States senator in 1864, and re-elected in 1869. At the expiration of his term in 1875, he resumed the practice of law in Nevada, California, and the Pacific coast generally. He was thus engaged when he was elected again to the United States sen- ate as a Republican in 1887 to succeed the late James G. Fair, a Democrat, and took his seat March 4, 1887. On the expiration of his term he was again re-elected and be- came one of the leaders of his party in con- gress. His ability as an orator, and the prominent part he took in the discussion of public questions, gained him a national rep- utation. GEORGE GRAHAM VEST, for many years a prominent member of the United States senate, was born in Frank- fort, Kentucky, December 6, 1848. He graduated from Center College in 1868, and from the law department of the Transyl- vania University of Lexington, Kentucky, in 1853. In the same year he removed to Missouri and began the practice of his pro- fession. In 1 860 he was an elector on the Democratic ticket, and was a member of the lower house of the Missouri legislature in 1860-61. He was elected to the Con- federate congress, serving two years in the lower house and one in the senate. He then resnmed the practice of law, and in 1879 was elected to the senate of the United States to succeed James Shields. He was re-elected in 1885, and again in 1891 and 1897. His many years of service in the National congress, coupled with his ability as a speaker and the active part he took in the discussion of public questions, gave him a wide reputation. HANNIBAL HAMLIN, a noted American statesman, whose name is indissolubly connected with the history of this country, was born in Paris, Maine, August 27, 1809. He learned the printer's trade and followed that calling for several years. He then studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1833. He was elected to the legislature of the state of Maine, where he was several times chosen speaker of the lower house. He was elected to congress by the Demo- crats in 1843, and re-elected in 1845. In 1848 he was chosen to the United States senate and served in that body until 1 861 . He was elected governor of Maine in 1857 on the Republican ticket, but resigned when re-elected to the United States senate the same year. He was elected vice-presi- dent of the United States on the ticket with Lincoln in i860, and inaugurated in March, 1 861. In 1865 he was appointed collector of the port of Boston. Beginning with 1869 he served two six-year terms in the United States senate, and was then ap- pointed by President Garfield as minister to Spain in 1881. His death occurred July 4, 1891. TSHAM G. HARRIS, famous as Confed- 1 erate war governor of Tennessee, and distinguished by his twenty years of service in the senate of the United States, was born in Franklin county, Tennessee, and educated at the Academy of Winchester. He then took up the study of law. was ad- mitted to the bar, and commenced practice at Paris, Tennessee, in 1841. He was elected to the state legislature in 1847, was a candidate for presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1848, and the next year was elected to congress from his dis- trict, and re-elected in 185 1. In 1853 he was renominated by the Democrats of his COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 215 district, but declined, and removed to Mem- phis, where he took up the practice of law. He was a presidential elector-at-large from Tennessee in 1856, and was elected gov- ernor of the state the next year, and again in 1859, and in 1861. He was driven from Nashville by the advance of the Union armies, and for the last three years of the war acted as aid upon the staff of the com- manding general of the Confederate army of Tennessee. After the war he went to Liverpool, England, where he became a merchant, but returned to Memphis in 1867, and resumed the practice of law. In 1877 he was elected to the United States senate, to which position he was successively re- elected until his death in 1897. NELSON DINGLEY, Jr., for nearly a quarter of a century one of the leaders in congress and framer of the famous " Dingley tariff bill," was born in Durham, Maine, in 1832. His father as well as all his ancestors, were farmers, merchants and mechanics and of English descent. Young Dingley was given the advantages first of the common schools and in vacations helped his father in the store and on the farm. When twelve years of age he attended high school and at seventeen was teaching in a country school district and preparing him- self for college. The following year he en- tered Waterville Academy and in 1851 en- tered Colby University. After a year and a half in this institution he entered Dart- mouth College and was graduated in 1855 with high rank as a scholar, debater and "writer. He next studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1856. But instead of practicing his profession he purchased the " Lewistown (Me.) Journal," which be- came famous throughout the New England states as a leader in the advocacy of Repub- lican principles. About the same time Mr. Dingley began his political career, although ever after continuing at the head of the newspaper. He was soon elected to the state legislature and afterward to the lower house of congress, where he became a prominent national character. He also served two terms as governor of Maine. OLIVER PERRY MORTON, a distin- guished American statesman, was born in Wayne county, Indiana, August 4, 1823. His early education was by private teaching and a course at the Wayne County Seminary. At the age of twenty years he entered the Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, and at the end of two years quit the college, began the study of law in the office of John New- man, of Centerville, Indiana, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1847. Mr. Morton was elected judge on the Democratic ticket, in 1852, but on thf. passage of the " Kansas- Nebraska Bill " he severed his connection with that party, and soon became a prominent leader of the Re- publicans. He was elected governor of In- diana in 1 86 1, and as war governor became well known throughout the country. He received a paralytic stroke in 1865, which partially deprived him of the use of his limbs. He was chosen to the United States senate from Indiana, in 1867, and wielded great influence in that body until the time of his death, November 1, 1877. JOHN B. GORDON, a brilliant Confeder- ateofhcer and noted senatorof theUnited States, was born in Upson county, Georgia, February 6, 1832. He graduated from the State University, studied law, and took up the practice of his profession. At the be- ginning of the war he entered the Confederate service as captain of infantry, and rapidty 216 COMFEXD1UM OF BIOGRAPHT. rose to the rank of lieutenant-general, commanding one wing of the Confederate army at the close of the war. In 1 868 he was Democratic candidate for governor of Georgia, and it is said was elected by a large majority, but his opponent was given the office. He was a delegate to the national Democratic conventions in 1868 and 1872, and a presidential elector both years. In 1873 he was elected to the United States senate. In 1886 he was elected governor of Georgia, and re-elected in 1888. He was again elected to the United States senate in 1890, serving until 1897, when he was succeeded by A. S. Clay. He was regarded as a leader of the southern Democ- racy, and noted for his fiery eloquence. STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD, an illus- trious associate justice of the supreme court of the United States, was born at Haddam, Connecticut, November 4, 18 16, being one of the noted sons of Rev. D. D. Field. He graduated from Williams College in 1837. took up the study of law with his brother, David Dudley Field, be- coming his partner upon admission to the bar. He went to California in 1849, and at once began to take an active interest in the political affairs of that state. He was elected alcalde of Marysville, in 1850, and in the autumn of the same year was elected to the state legislature. In 1857 he was elected judge of the supreme court of the state, and two years afterwards became its chief justice. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln as associate justice of the supreme court of the United States. During his incumbency, in 1873, he was appointed by the governor of California one of a com- mission to examine the codes of the state and for the preparation of amendments to the same for submission to the legislature. In 1877 he was one of the famous electoral commission of fifteen members, and voted as one of the seven favoring the election of Tilden to the presidency. In 1880 a large portion of the Democratic party favored his nomination as candidate for the presidency. He retired in the fall of 1897, having served a greater number of years on the supreme bench than any of his associates or predecessors, Chief Justice Marshall corning next in length of service. JOHN T. MORGAN, whose services in the United States senate brought him into national prominence, was born in Athens, Tennessee, June 20, 1824. At the age of nine years he emigrated to Alabama, where he made his permanent home, and where he received an academic education. He then took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He took a leading part in local politics, was a presi- dential elector in i860, casting his ballot for Breckenridge and Lane, and in 1861 was a delegate to the state convention which passed the ordinance of secession. In May, of the same year, he joined the Confederate army as a private in Company I, Cahawba Rifles, and was soon after made major and then lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regiment. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel, and soon after made brigadier-general and as- signed to the command of a brigade in Vir- ginia. He resigned to join his old regiment whose colonel had been killed. He was soon afterward again made brigadier-gen- eral and given command of the brigade that included his regiment. After the war he returned to the prac- tice of law, and continued it up to the time of his election to the United States senate, ir? 1877. He was a presidential elector in 1876, and cast his vote for Tilden and Hendricks COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 217 He was re-elected to the senate in 1883, and again in 1889, and 1895. His speeches and the measures he introduced, marked as they were by an intense Americanism, brought him into national prommence. WILLIAM McKINLEY, the twenty-fifth president of the United States, was born at Niles, Trumbull county, Ohio, Jan- uary 29, 1844. He was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and received his early education in a Methodist academy in the small village of Poland, Ohio. At the outbreak of the war Mr. McKinley was teaching school, earning twenty-five dollars per month. As soon as Fort Sumter was fired upon he en- listed in a company that was formed in Poland, which was inspected and mustered in by General John C. Fremont, who at first objected to Mr. McKinley, as being too young, but upon examination he was finally accepted. Mr. McKinley was seventeen when the war broke out but did not look his age. He served in the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry throughout the war, was promoted from sergeant to captain, for good conduct on the field, and at the close of the war, for meritorious services, he was brevetted major. After leaving the army Major Mc- Kinley took up the study of law, and was admitted to the bar, and in 1869 he took his initiation into politics, being elected pros- ecuting attorney of his county as a Republi- can, although the district was usually Demo- cratic. In 1 876 he was elected to congress, and in a call upon the President-elect, Mr. Hayes, to whom he went for advice upon the way he should shape his career, he was told that to achieve fame and success he must take one special line and stick to it. Mr. McKinley chose tariff legislation and he became an authority in regard to import duties. He was a member of congress for many years, became chairman of the ways and means committee, and later he advo- cated the famous tariff bill that bore his name, which was passed in 1S90. In the next election the Republican party was overwhelmingly defeated through the coun- try, and the Democrats secured more than a two thirds majority in the lower house, and also had control of the senate, Mr. McKinley being defeated in his own district by a small majority. He was elected gov- ernor of Ohio in 1891 by a plurality of twenty-one thousand, five hundred and eleven, and two years later he was re-elected by the still greater plurality of eighty thou- sand, nine hundred and ninety-five. He was a delegate-at-large to the Minneapolis Re-< publican convention in 1892, and was in- structed to support the nomination of Mr. Harrison. He was chairman of the con^ vention, and was the only man from Ohio to vote for Mr. Harrison upon the roll call. In November, 1892, a number of prominent politicians gathered in New York to discuss the political situation, and decided that the result of the election had put an end to Mc- Kinley and McKinleyism. But in less than four years from that date Mr. McKinley was nominated for the presidency against the combined opposition of half a dozen rival candidates. Much of the credit for his suc- cess was due to Mark A. Hanna, of Cleve- land, afterward chairman of the Republican national committee. At the election which occurred in November, 1896, Mr. McKinley was elected president of the United States by an enormous majority, on a gold stand- ard and protective tariff platform. He was inaugurated on the 4th of March, 1897, and called a special session of congress, to which was submitted a bill for tariff reform, which was passed in the latter part of July of that vear. 218 C OMPBNDIl 'M OF BIO GRA PHY. CINCINNATUS HEINE MILLER, known in the literary world as Joaquin Miller, "the poet of the Sierras," was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1 841. When only about thirteen years of age he ran away from home and went to the mining regions in California and along the Pacific coast. Some time afterward he was taken prisoner by the Modoc Indians and lived with them for five years. He learned their language and gained great influence with them, fight- ing in their wars, and in all modes of living became as one of them. In 1858 he left the Indians and went to San Francisco, where he studied law, and in i860 was ad- mitted to the bar in Oregon. In 1 S66 he was elected a county judge in Oregon and served four years. Early in the seventies he began devoting a good deal of time to literary pursuits, and about 1874 he settled in Washington, D. C. He wrote many poems and dramas that attracted consider- able attention and won him an extended reputation. Among his productions may be mentioned " Pacific Poems," " Songs of the Sierras," "Songs of the Sun Lands," " Ships in the Desert," " Adrianne.a Dream of Italy," "Danites," "Unwritten History," " First Families of the Sierras " (a novel), " One Fair Woman " ia novel), "Songs of Italy," " Shadows of Shasta," "The Gold- Seekers of the Sierras," and a number of others. GEORGE FREDERICK ROOT, a noted music publisher and composer, was born in Sheffield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, on August 30, 1820. While working on his father's farm he found time to learn, unaided, several musical instru- ments, and in his eighteenth year he went to Boston, where he soon found employ- ment as a teacher of music. From 1839 until 1844 ne gave instructions in music in the public schools of that city, and was also director of music in two churches. Mr. Root then went to New York and taught music in the various educational institutions of the city. He went to Paris in 1850 and spent one year there in study, and on his re- turn he published rhis first song, "Hazel Dell." It appeared as the work of " Wur- zel," which was the German equivalent of his name. He was the originator of the normal musical institutions, and when the first one was started in New York he was one of the faculty. He removed to Chicago, Illinois, in i860, and established the firm of Root & Cady, and engaged in the publication of music. He received, in 1872, the degree of " Doctor of Music" from the University of Chicago. After the war the firm became George F. Root & Co., of Cincinnati and Chicago. Mr. Root did much to elevate the standard of music in this country by his compositions and work as a teacher. Besides his numerous songs he wrote a great deal of sacred music and pub- lished many collections of vocal and instru- mental music. For many years he was the most popular song writer in America, and was one of the greatest song writers of the war. He is also well-known as an author, and his work in that line comprises: " Meth- ods for the Piano and Organ," "Hand- book on Harmony Teaching," and innumer- able articles for the musical press. Among his many and most popular songs of the wartime are: " Rosalie, the Prairie-flower," " Battle Cry of Freedom," " Just Before the Battle," "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are Marching," " The Old Folks are Gone," "A Hundred Years Ago," "Old Potomac Shore, "and " There's Music in the Air." Mr. Root's cantatas include " The Flower Queen ' and "The Haymakers." He died in 1896. BIOGRAPHIES PROGRESSIVE MEN 11 WOMEN OK KOSCIUSKO COUNTY INDIANA st all of the original force had re-en- listed, lie was afterward made captain of the company, which he commanded in a number of minor engagements in Virginia. In the spring of [862 the regiment com- posed the advance guard of the Union army when it occupied Winchester, Virginia. On the Ilth of December, [861, Captain Will- iam- was captured by a Confederate force under Stonewall Jackson and sent to Libby prison, where he remained until exchanged the following March. Upon the reorgan- ization of the regiment he was commissioned lieutenant -colonel and after the battle of Richmond became colonel. After succeed- ing t<> the colonelcy of his regiment, he was frequently called upon to take command of the brigade by virtue of his being the rank- ing officer, and throughout the Atlanta cam- paign his service was in thi- capacity. After the fall of the city he was selected a- one of the court martial convened to try the Indi- ana conspirators, or "Knights of the Golden Circle,"' a treasonable organization existing in Indiana and other state-. In this ca- pacity he strongly favored capital punis ment for the offender-. This duty being ended, Colonel William- rejoined his regi- ment at Savannah and commanded it on the march through the Carolinas and on Washington, where it had the honor of lead- ing in the grand review, by -penal order from Cen. John A. Logan, and was the first 1 tlie President and the thousands of visitors from all portions if the country. It- appearance as it marched down Pennsylvania avenue in column companies was so impressive a- to draw forth sti nn- of cheers from the spectators, while officers and men were almost covered with the bouquets and \\ reaths of tl< iwers be- stowed by the fair ladies of Washington. During the advance through the Carolina- it became necessary to destroy certain rail- roads and the task, a most difficult and dan- gerous one. was assigned to Colonel Will- iams and his commands. The work was so faithfully executed that he not only re- ceived the personal thank- of ( Generals Sher- man and Howard, hut upon his arrival in Washington he was appointed brevet briga- dier general, whose commission of appoint- ment the president requested Gen. John A. Logan to deliver in person with his com- pliment-. 1 ieneral William- was an excel- COMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. 223 lent disciplinarian ami the troops which he had commanded had but few rivals in the held. His men were so well drilled, so soldierly in appearance and so thoroughly understood the laws and demand.- 1 f war- fare that they won the most favorable com- ment wherever seen, and for bravery, fol- lowing the example of their leader, they were unexcelled. Upon his return home General Williams engaged in the book and stationery business for a short time, but journalism was the field in which he had be- come best known and in which he had achieved such high success. Many of his old friends solicited him to become the editor of the Northern Indianian and almost con- tinuously since be has been at the head of that well-known and able journal. In 1867 be was chosen circuit court clerk of Kos- ciusko county and after a four-years term was re-elected. In 1875, upon the urgent solicitation of prominent Republicans in the city of Ft. Wayne, he consented to take charge of the Daily Gazette there and continued to edit that paper until the following December, when be received the appointment of deputy second comptroller of the United States treasury at Washington, which office he held for seven months. At the expiration of that time he again hearkened favorably to the urgent solicitation of old friends in Kosciusko county by returning to Warsaw and resuming control of the Northern Indi- anian, which paper he has since edited. General Williams, in i88r, established the Warsaw Daily Times, which he has also published since in connection with the Northern Indianian. The Northern Indi- anian has a circulation of four thousand and the Dailv Times nine hundred. For twenty-five years or more his son. Mel R, Williams, has been associated with him in the newspaper work and at present time is the business manager of the firm. On the 5th of April. 1K57. General Will- iams was united in marriage t < • .Miss Je- mima Hubler, daughter of Major Henry Hubler, now deceased, a veteran sol- dier of the war with Mexico and the war of the Rebellion. To General Williams' union with Miss Hubler six children were burn. viz: Ida Evelyn, deceased, was the wife of S. B. Frasier; Mel R. is the partner of his father; Thomas Bramwell resides in Chi- cago and is an attache of the American Press Association; Logan H. is city editor of the Times and Indianian in his father's office; George B., of Ligonier. Indiana, is the assistant cashier in the Citizens' Bank of that city, and Paul R., the youngest of the family, is a practical printer and resides in the city of Warsaw. General Williams is a member of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, also belongs to the Henry Chipman Post, G. A. R., and for a number of years has been identified with the Method- ist church. SILAS W. CHIPMAX. Silas W. Chipman', president of the State Bank of Warsaw, Indiana, is a native of Vermont and was born in Addison county, that state, on the 16th day of March, 1826. The parents from whom he descended were Isaac and Sarah H. ( Hemingway ) Chip- man, both natives of Vermont and of Eng- lish descent. Their ancestors were among the early pioneers of New England, immi- grating to the United States in the colonial 224 COMPEXDIi'M OF BIOGRAPHY. days, some of whom came over on the "May- flower." Isaac and Sarah H. Chipman were married in Addison county, Vermont, and settled in Shoreham township where he owned and conducted a tine farm of about three hundred acres. He was a farmer In- occupation and followed that pursuit all his life. He was a Whig, and later a Re- publican in politics and figured very prom- inently during his day in the political his- tory of his state and county. He was a justice of the peace for many years before he died and also served several terms in the leg- islature and senate. He and wife were de- voted members of the Congregational church nearlv all their lives and were among the highly respected people of the community in which they resided. They were the parents of seven children, of whom three are now living, viz.: Hannah A., widow of Edgar S. Catlin. resides in Warsaw; Sarah J., wife of William S. Smart, resides in Brandon, Vermont, and Silas W.. the subject of this review, the next to the eldest member of the family. Silas W. was reared on his father's farm in Vermont and resided there until his twen- ty-third year, meantime receiving his edu- cational training in the district schools of his neighborhood. In May, 1840. he came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, and found em- ployment in the store of At wood & Potten- ger, of Warsaw, as a clerk, in which ca- pacity he continued about six months. At the expiration of that time he went in part- nership with his brother. Samuel H.. who had come to this county in 1830, and en- gaged in the mercantile business at Warsaw under the firm name of Chipman & Brother. The two continued together for some tunc and then -old out. after which Silas W. en- gaged in business with Messrs. Funk and Upson under the name of Chipman. Funk iS: Company. This partnership continued for ten or twelve years, when Mr. Funk re- tired and the linn continued under the name of Chipman & Upson until 1881, when it was dissolved, Mr. C. L. Bartol purchasing the stock. In 1881 the First National Bank of Warsaw was reorganized and incorporated under the name of the State Bank of War- saw and a few years later Mr. Chipman was elected its president, in which capacity he has served ever since. This bank was re- organized in December. 1001. and incor- porated under the name of the State Bank of Warsaw, with Mr. Chipman still its presi- dent, Edgar Haymond, vice-president. Abe Brubaker, cashier, and Walter W. Chipman. as-istant cashier. The bank has a capital -lock of one hundred thousand dollars and is one of the strongest and safest financial institutions in northern Indiana. Mr. Bru- baker resigned his position as cashier in March. 1002. since which time tire place has been tilled by Ashbel 0. Catlin. Mr. Chipman was united in marriage in Warsaw on April iS. 1867, to Miss Sarah M. Wilson, of Ohio, whose birth occurred March 6, 1850, the daughter of Thomas and Juliette Wilson. To this union five chil- dren were born, viz: Wilbur, who died in infancy: Walter W.. assistant cashier in the State Bank of Warsaw; Arthur, who died in infancy: Antoinette died at the age of thirteen, and Helen M.. an accomplished musician who still makes her home under the parental n 1 >f. Mr. Chipman and wife are both consist- ent members of the Presbyterian church, in which he has been an elder for more than COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 225 fifteen years. He is a Republican in politics and while he takes an active part in the wel- fare of his party has never been an aspirant for public office. Mr. Chipman is a gentle- man of pleasing personality, amiable in dis- position, affable in manner and has h mg been noted for honor and integrity in all of his relations with his fellow men. He is respected by the community, beloved as a neighbor and friend and recognized as one of the successful men and representative citizens of the county of Kosciusko. Although enrolled among the well-to-do men of the city in which he lives, Mr. Chip- man is one of the most unostentatious of men. open hearted and candid in manner and retaining in his demeanor the simplicity and candor of the old-time gentleman. Such is the brief life story of one who is cheered by the retrospect of a long and useful career, who has indelibly stamped the impress of his strong personality on the community where so many of his years have been spent and whose record will stand as an enduring monument long after his labors are ended and his name becomes a memory. REV. GEORGE H. THAYER, Deceased. One of the most talented, eloquent and pious clergymen who ever filled a pulpit in the city of Warsaw, Kosciusko county, Indi- ana, was the late deeply mourned George H. Thayer, who, though somewhat skeptical in his earlier days, became deeply imbued with a religious fervor at the age of about seven- teen or eighteen years, united with the Meth- odist Episcopal church, and in 1836 entered the ministry. Rev. Thayer was born in Browne coun- ty, New York, December 29, 1807, and died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Elma G. Fribley, in Bourbon, Marshall county, In- diana, December 6, 1899. His father, James Thayer, was a native of Massachusetts and descended from an ante-Revolutionary fam- ily; (hiring the war of 181 J he had com- mand of a company of militia, for which reason he was always known as Captain Thayer until the day of his death, which occurred in the state of New York. George H. Thayer, although born in Browne county, was reared in Onondaga county, New York, and was graduated from , the Onondaga Academy. He taught school prior to and after graduation. In the earlier days of his ministry he sometimes walked five miles to fill an appointment, and after- ward went on horseback as far as twenty- five miles to keep an appointment, regardless of weather and bad roads and with no com- pensation in a monetary sense, as he gained his livelihood in secular pursuits, having been reared a farmer. He was a pioneer of Indiana and located in Peru in 1845. hi s family following him in 1847. He taught school in Peru two years and then removed to Marshall county, where he had previously bought a tract of land in a timber district, and this tract he at once cleared up and de- veloped into a valuable farm. From this farm he removed to Bourbon, Kosciusko county, in 1859, anc l la-id out Thayer's ad- dition to that then village. He was a re- markably public-spirited gentleman, took great interest in public education, and gave to the town the ground on which now stands the elegant school edifice. Rev. Mr. Thayer was twice married. For his first wife he selected Miss Hannah 22C COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Griffin, of Homer, New York, who died in Bourbon, Indiana, in 1865, the mother of three children: Hon. Henry G, late state r ; Hon. John D., who died in Warsaw, h diana, in 1895, and Frances Augusta, who died in Euclid. New York, in [843. Mrs, Hannah (Griffin) Thayer was called from her earthly home and loving family in [865, and in [867 Rev. Thayer married Mrs. I irockett, who bore him two daugh- ters, I.illie and Elma (1. Mrs. Amelia Thay- er passed away in 1881, and the father then made his home with his sun in Plymouth, where he lived for thirteen years, and then for the live years just prior to hi- death with, hi- daughter. Mrs. Elma < '<■ FridJey. Mr. Thayer left ten grandchildren and great-grandchildren. The former are . H.. Jr.; James \Y. : Mrs. Angelica Young, of Plymouth; Mrs. Hattie Hendee, ■ 11 : Misses Jessie and .Mary, of Warsaw; Harry D., of Chicago; Helen. Frances and Eleanor Fribley, of Bourbon. The great-grandchildren are Edgar M., Paul M., Frances A.. Walter W. and Florence Alice Young, of Plymouth-, and Marie and John Hendee. of Anderson. The Rev. George 11. Thayer took a de- cided interest in the political affair- of the state and nation, bnt he never craved public ce. He was an original and profound thinker on all subjects and politics came within the -cope of his cogitations. Ili- first presidential vote was given f"r Andrew Jack-Mii. hut he was an abolitionist at a time when u required unwavering moral courage to declare himself to he such. 1 le joined the Whig Manx at it- organization and later the R< 1 party when it came into exist- ence. < If the thirteen presidential candi- tes for whom he voted, eleven were elect- ed. Fraternally he was a Master Mason, a Royal Arch Mason and a Knight Templar: his children and grandchildren were with him in these lodges. But his life work was in the cause of religion, and fur forty-eight year- he preached the Gospel gratuitously, lie was very social in his habits and enjoyed the companionship of his friend- and neigh- bors. This good man seemed to have Keen fully aware of his approaching demise, 1- <>n the Sunday before his demise, while at church and actively engaged in the service, lie remarked that he believed it would be the last time that he would lie permitted to mingle with worshipers in the house of God, and this premonition proved to he true. The funeral services were held at the Methodist Episcopal church, Bourbon, Indi- ana, Friday, December 8, at one o'clock 1'. M.. the Rev. Charles E. Davis, pastor, as- sisted by Rev. W. W. Raymond, of St. Thomas Episcopal church, and Rev. W. E. McKinzie, of the Methodist Episcopal church. Plymouth, Indiana. Revs. J. C. Breckenridge and C. H. Spitler and W. H. Rittenhouse, J. X. Martin and Charles Frill- ies, of Bourbon, and A. I. Duryee, of Etna Green, all of whom acted as pall bearer-. The pastor's sermon was an eloquent and heartfelt tribute to the life and character of the deceased, dwelling particularly upon the completeness of his long and useful life spent in the service of Coil and in the ex- emplification of the Christian virtues. lie spoke with deep feeling of his personal loss in the death of one whose vigor of intellect, keen spiritual insight and power- of clear and logical expression were of great help to his ministerial co-workers, and whose kind- ly, loving and sympathetic nature endeared him to all who knew him. This peaceful COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 227 end, surrounded by loving relatives and friends, was, the speaker said, a fitting con- clusion tu his upright, consistent Christian life and furnished an example which all should emulate. The other ministers present followed with brief tributes to the worth of their de- parted friend and brother, all of them speak- ing with deep emotion of their love for him and admiration for his many noble qualities of mind and heart, especially acknowledg- ing their indebtedness to him for help and inspiration in their chosen work. The chair near the pulpit which the deceased had for- merly occupied was appropriately draped and reminded all present that this grand, good man would meet with them no more on earth, though the sweet memory of his walk here will long' remain as an inspiration to so live that all may meet him beyond the grave wdiere partings are unknown. Rev. \Y. \Y. Raymond said it seemed to him like a benediction to come into the kindly pres- ence of the venerable man of God who had just been called home. He then read the following letter from the Rev. J. A. Max- well, formerly pastor of the Methodist Epis- copal church of Plymouth: Ke wanna, Ind., December 7, 1899. Hon. H. G. Thayer, Plymouth, Ind. My Dear Sir: — I have the notice of your father's funeral. I regret very much my inability to attend. I would like so much to be present and pay some tribute to his worth. In preaching, his face was al- ways an inspiration to me. His approval or disap- proval — for either was very marked in his expressions — would always make me more thoughtful. Few men I have ever known had a more logical mind. Through what a marvelous age he has lived. We cannot regret his going, for he had reached an unusual age and was ripe for his heavenly home. God's picture of a fin- ished life migVit well be his epitaph — "Thou shalt come to thy graceful age, Like as a shock of corn cometh in his season." Only that one has lived a successful life who has conformed to God's law and service. A serene and happy old age comes only to the Christian. "It is not death to close The eyes long dimmed by tears And wake in glorious repose To spend eternal years." I shall long remember your loved and honored father. Yours fraternally, foHN A. Maxwell. The Rev. McKinzie, pastor of the Meth- odist Episcopal church of Plymouth, then, after an eloquent tribute of love and respect, read the following letter from Rev. Lewis S. Smith, formerly pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church at Plymouth : Delphi, Ind., December 7, 1899. Rev. C. E. Davis, Bourbon, Ind. Dear Brother: — Announcement of the death of Rev. George H. Thayer at noon yesterday and of the funeral services under your charge tomorrow just now received. He was ready for this translation. He literally walked with God. He was venerable, alike for great age, for great intelligence, and for holy char- acter. He reveled in lofty thoughts. God made him perfect in love. His work was done and well done. I count it a privilege extraordinary to have known Rev. George H. Thayer for more than five years. I regard him the most unique character and one of the holiest men I have ever known. Give my sincere regards to his son and daughter and their families. Fraternally, Lewis S. Smith, Pastor M. E. Church. Rev. J. C. Breckenridge, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Bourbon, speaking of his great love for the deceased and the help he had received from him in the under- standing of many questions, referred to the breadth of his Christianity, which knew no sectarian bounds, but embraced all who tried to follow in the Master's footsteps. The Revs. C. A. Spider, W. H. Rittenhouse, J. X. Martin, A. J. Duryee and Charles Frib- ley then gave personal testimony of their 228 COMPHSDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. friendship and love for "Father Thayer." from whom each had received valuable ideas regarding the Christian faith and lessons of the Bible, and all gave expression of their expectancy to meet him and strike glad hands with him in the paradise of God. Prof. Bish, who led the choir in the beautiful and appropriate hymns which were sung, then spoke feelingly of his associa- tions with the deceased. A touching and significant feature was the large number of children who came to the house to call for the last time on "Grandpa Thayer." who was always their kind and loving friend. Among them were some little girls who brought flowers, as had been their custom during his illness. The casket was covered with beautiful flowers, tokens of love from relatives and friends. At the conclusion of the cere- monies at the church the interment took place in the Odd Fellows' cemetery, where the beautiful and impressive Masonic cere- monies were performed by Bourbon Lodge. A. F. & A. M.. assisted by Plymouth Kil- winning Lodge, A. F. & A. M.. Brother J. X. Wilson, of Plymouth, acting as master. It was a fitting end to a long, honorable and well rounded life on earth, which end here is but the beginning of an endless life of perfect bliss in the bright realms of the im- mortal souls of the blest, prepared from the foundation of the world for all the faithful \< '11' w ers of the Lamb. HOW WILLIAM DeFREES FRAZER. Hon. William DeFrees Frazer, one of the most substantial ami successful attorneys of m rthern Indiana, and now national bank examiner for this state, is an Indianian by birth and is one of Kosciusko county's most able native sons. He was born in the city of Warsaw on the 20th day of November, [849, and is a son of Judge James Somer- ville and Caroline (DeFrees) Frazer. The former was of Scotch descent, his ancestors having immigrated to this country during Colonial days, while the latter was descend- ed from French Huguenot ancestry. Judge James Somerville Frazer was a native of Pennsylvania and was born at Hollidays- burg July 17, 1824. In 1837 he accom- panied his parents to Wayne county. Indi- ana, and three years later entered the law- office of Hon. Moorman Way. of Winches- ter, where he began reading law. He had been given a good education by his parents and made rapid progress in his law studies. During the winter months he was engaged in teaching school, in which he was eminent- ly successful. In March, 1845. he was ad- mitted to the bar. though lacking nearly four months of having attained It's majority. The following month he opened an office in Warsaw, where he continued to reside and follow the practice of law during the re- mainder of his life. In politics he was in his early days a Whig, but when that party dissolved he became a Republican and al- ways took an active interest in the success of that party. Few men possessed to a greater degree than did Judge Frazer the quality of mind necessary to the making of a great judge, and he is one of the very few- men who have occupied a seat on the bench of our supreme court who have attained reputations worthy of note extending be- yond the Ci 'lilines of this state. His , .pinions arc models of judicial utterances, devoid <•( COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 229 straining- to display erudition and breadth of reading. The copies of his opinions on file in the office of the clerk of the supreme court show that he prepared his opinions with the greatest of care and after most careful consideration. Though usually brief, they contained all that was essential to the disposal of the case. In 1847. 1848 and 1854 he was elected a member of the lower house of the state legislature. The legislature of 1855 was confronted with a task of great importance. The school law- had been declared unconstitutional and the state was left without any provision for pub- lic schools. Judge Frazer took a great in- terest in public education and set sbout the drafting of a new school law. The result was the school law of 1855, which, though chipped and changed (often without proper consideration and attention to the existing law), is substantially the school law of the state today. In 1852 he served as prose- cuting attorney and ten years later was ap- pointed assessor of internal revenue, retir- ing from that office in 1864. The year he retired from this position he was elected judge of the supreme court, taking his seat January 3. 1865, and served until January 3, 1 87 1. After retiring from the bench he was appointed by President Grant as one of the three commissioners under the treaty of the United States with Great Britain, dated May 8, 1871. By the terms of this treaty three commissioners, one for this country, one from Great Britain and one from Italy, were appointed to adjust claims against the United States held by English subjects and those held by citizens of the L nited States against Great Britain, arising out of the Civil war. The English c< >m- missioner was Right Honorable Russell Gurney and the Italian. Count Louis Corti. The claims passed upon amounted to at least two hundred and twenty million dollars and occupied the attention of the commissioners during the years 1873. ^74 and 1875. Dur- ing this period Judge Frazer resided in Washington, D. C. In 1879 the legislature of this state enacted a law calling for a re- vision of the statutes of the state and pro- viding for the appointment of three com- missioners for this purpose. It was the duty of these commissioners to prepare such laws as they deemed necessary and to present them to the legislature of 1881. The su- preme court appointed Hon. John H. Stot- zenberg, Hon. David Turpie and Judge Frazer. As the result of their labors we have the Revised Civil Code of 1881, the Revised Criminal Code and the Offense Act of the same year, together with many other statutes. After the legislature of 1881 ad- journed the commissioners prepared the re- vised statutes of 1881, the most satisfactory statutes this state has ever had. Judge Frazer gave the publication of these statutes his closest attention, spending many months at the capital in their prqjaration and giv- ing especial attention to the publication of the revision. In 1889 Judge Frazer was ap- pointed by Governor Hovey judge of the Kosciusko circuit court, and he served one year in this position. He was a charter member of Kosciusko Lodge Xo. 62, I. O. O. F., and always took an active part in lodge work. Judge Frazer and Miss Caroline De- Frees were united in marriage at Goshen, Indiana, on the 28th of October, 1848. Mrs. Frazer was a daughter of James DeFrees and a sister of John D. DeFrees, at one time printer for the L nited States, and of 230 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Joseph II. DeFrees, who at one time repre- ted the tenth district of Indiana in the United States congress. To Judge Frazer's union with Mis.~ DeFrees there were born seven children, one son and six daughters, as follows: William DeFrees, Harriet D.. .Martha S., Mar) C, Nellie R.. Fannie .and Jennie I). Hon. William DeFrees Frazer, the im- mediate subject of this review, was educated in the public and high schools of Warsaw and at the Wabash College, being graduated at the latter institution. Shortly afterward he became a law partner with his father, with whom he remained fur a number of years. From the very first success attended him. and his ability, industry and sterling integrity have brought to him a large clientele. In [88l he was elected to repre- sent his county in the suite legislature, and was re-elected in [883, making an excellent record during both terms a- one of the lead- ers of the Republican minority. In 1890 he served as a member of the state com- mittee from the thirteenth district and proved an active and efficient organizer. In [898 and 1900 he served as chairman of the county committee and his comity never had a better organization than it had dur- ing that year. For years he has headed the Kosciusko county delegation to the state conventions of the Republican party, and has been influential in the making of nom- inations and platforms. In March. (899, he was appointed national hank examiner for the -tatc and is now administering the duties of that office with an efficienc) ami integrity that is winning for him golden opinions. He has been energetic in the de- velopment of his city, and for years has been president of the Warsaw Gas Light and ( a ike G impany. Mr. Frazer was felicitously united in marriage September 5. 1876, the lady 01 choice being Miss Flora C. Ristine. of Craw- fordsville, this state, thus crowning a romance of his college life. Mrs. Frazer is a native of Indiana, having been born at Crawfordsville, Montgomery count). May d. [854. She is the daughter of I>enjamin T. and Florinda (Humphry) Ristine, na- tives of Kentucky and Connecticut, respect- ively, and very early pioneers of Mont- gomery county, this state. They were the parents of seven children, named as follows: Harlcy ( ... Albert L.. Theodore 11.. Humphry H.. Warren H.. Flora C. and Charles W. To the union of our subject and wife two sons were born, viz : James Ristine, born January 4. 1879, was a stu- dent at Wabash College and Bethel Military Academy of Virginia and recently gradu- ated from the Indiana Law School at In- dianapolis, and is now a law partner of his father. Theodore Clinton, whose birth oc- curred on the i^t day of December. [880, is now a student in Wabash College and will graduate there next year. Mrs. Frazer i> a faithful and consistent member of the Pres- byterian church, where Mr. Frazer is also an attendant and a liberal contributor. Hon- ored and respected by all who know him. Mr. Frazer has gone along quietly in the world, winning success and substantial hon- ors by the exercise of those qualities which' bring ntentment with achievement and leave tli 1 pain behind. I le is a charter mem- ber of the local lodge, Knights of Pythias, and also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which organization he COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 231 stands high. He is a polished gentleman and stands high in the esteem of all who know him. MARK SMITH. It is proper to judge of the success and the status of a man's life by the estimation in which he is held by his fellow citizens. The}- see him at his work, in his family circle, in his church, at his devotions, hear his views on public questions, observe the outcome of his o de of morals, witness how he conducts himself in all the relations of society and civilization and thus become competent to judge of his merits and de- merits. After a long course of years of such daily 1 ibservatii m it w < mid be 1 nit 1 if the question for his neighbors not to know his worth, because, as has been said, "Actions speak louder than words." In this county there is nothing heard concerning the sub- ject of this sketch but good words. He has passed so many years here that his worth is well known, but it will be of interest to run over the busy events of his life in these pages. He was burn in Medina county. Ohio, June 27. 1820. and is the child of Jonathan and Mercy ( Hudson) Smith. The Smith family of which he is a member, as is also the Hudson family, is of English de- scent. Both families came to this country man)- years ago ami settled in Ohio>. J< ma- than Smith and Mercy Hudson met in Ohio and were married there. They came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, in 1843 an d set ~ tied m this township on the farm where Mark Smith now resides. It consisted of one hundred and sixty acres, for which they paid four hundred dollars. The land at that time was covered with a dense forest of beech, oak. walnut, hickory, etc., all of which had to be removed before a crop could be raised thereon. At that time the country was so wild that wolves and other dangerous animals roamed through the tim- ber and fell upon such animal- as sheep, calves, etc., and devoured them, causing great destruction in a single night. Stock had to be guarded at first or until strong sheds and yards could be built for them. When these pioneers first came there was 111 it a stick cut on the place. At the start they were obliged to remain at the home of Mark Smith, Sr., an uncle of the subject, until a rude log cabin could be built. A small clearing was made, a log cabin erected and a small crop of corn was planted. The father was a blacksmith by trade. In the fall of 1847 ' le was taken sick and died, ami the responsibility was thus largely thrown upon the subject. The latter bought tlie farm and began to work out by the month to pay for it. At that time hogs were worth' about two cents per pound and other things in proportion. So the payment was a si. nv process, but was accomplished in the course of time. Mr. Smith has always been closely identified with his business and has made it his duty ti 1 make the most of life I and of, his opportunities. He is now past seventy-five years of age and realizes that ■ the span of his life is drawing to its close. ! He is one of three boys and three girls born to his parents, as follows: Julia M., who j became the wife of Asa Dancer, both de- ceased: Mark, subject: Fannie, who became I the wife of Joseph Reed and is deceased; Sarah B.. who wedded Joseph G. Higgins and is deceased; Jonathan, who married Laviua Hurlbert and lives in Arkansas; 232 iOMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. Henry (i., deceased*, who married Lucy Hill and lived in Arizona. Mark Smith was married. October 12. 1850. to Miss Nancy Garvin, and has five children, as follows : Stearns E.. horn in 1X51. married Miss Lucy Euer and lives in Texas: Arthur, horn in 1859, married Miss Semantha Harrold and lives with his father; Jonathan, born in iN(>4. married Miss Clora Mattox and re- sides in this township. Mrs. Smith dying June 12. [864, Mr. Smith married a second time, in 1865. this time to Nancy Liggett. There has been no issue to this marriage. Mr. Smith is one of the most prominent men in this part of the county. He is well known and has the highest respect of every one who knows him. He has been a mem- ber of the Baptist church for sixty-eight vears. He is a Republican. He is one of the old pioneers who are fast disappearing, and his good name and honesty are above question. . WILLIAM STOUT. The best farmers of the present day do not confine their whole time and attention to the cultivation of the soil, but vary their operations by raising stock of the better grades for the market and for sale to other farmers. The rearing of fancy stock, or of stock for the market only, may be made very profitable by the farmer who will take the time to study the stock question as it deserves. It is easy to obtain from the gO\ eminent the reports of the experts whose business it is to investigate every phasi the stock question, with unlimited means at hand to experiment with. The result of these experiments should be known to every farmer. It would he worth a great ileal to him. fi r such experiments amount to what is the same as his own experiments through many years and with the expenditure of a large sum of money. But many farmers and stock raisers have grown up in the rearing 1 f stock and know as much or more than the experts. One of these farmers is the subject of this memoir. He was born in Licking county, Ohio, June 13, 1856. and is the son of Christian and Sarah (Haas) Stout. The father. Christian, was a native of Pennsylvania, was of Germanic descent, and came to Ohio with his father when he was a boy. The grandfather was a farmer and young Christian was reared to that hon- orable occupation. He passed through the usual experiences of pioneer days, going in the winter time to the old subscription schools and working hard during the sum- mers in the forests and on the farm. In early life he married Miss Sarah Haas, who was a native of Ohio, and to this marriage were born six children: Adam, who wedded Sarah Blue and is the owner of the Com- mercial Bank, of Silver Lake, Indiana: Amanda, who became the wife of William Whitterberger, and now lives in Seward township: Marilda. who died when a young "•irl : Elizabeth, whi 1 wedded William Haines o and resides in this township; William, sub- ject : Rosella M.. who died at the age of five vears. Soon after his marriage Christian Stout moved from Ohio to Wabash county and rented a farm for a few years. While thus engaged his wife died and he soon afterward married again. About this time ( [868) also he bought a farm in this coun- ty, and upon this he passed the remainder of his days. He was a man who possessed many admirable traits of character and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. For COMPENDIUM OF- BIOGRAPHY. 233 many rears prior to his death he had been a member of the Lutheran church. He was prominent in local affairs affecting the wel- fare of tbe community, and was a Demo- crat in politics. He died well advanced in years and in honors in 1896, being yet sur- vived by his widow. William Stout remained at home with his parents until he attained the age of twenty-one years. He received a fair edu- cation and learned the art of farming in all its best phases. In the spring of 1882 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Loop, who was born October 12, 1858, the daughter of Moses and Jane (Sands) Loop. Her parents were among the pioneers, hav- ing come to this county from Ohio at a very early day, and were most estimable people. To the subject's marriage were born these children : Elsie M., born Sq)tember 7, 1884: Roswell, born July 17, 1886; Walter M., born March 11, 1889; and Wilber, born March 28, 1894. Soon after his marriage subject moved to his present farm, where he has resided continuously since. He is an expert stock dealer and learned the business from actual and practical experience with stock. It may be said that he makes the most of his money in that line. He is well- to-do and is probably the leading stock man of the southern part of the county, certainly so far as knowledge of the subject is con- cerned. In politics he is a Democrat and takes a deep interest in the success of his party. He is a member of the advisory board of this township, has served as dele- gate of his party in the county conventions and was once a state delegate. He has re- fused small local political honors. The fam- ily is well known and respected by every- body. ALBERT MAGEE. The methods of making money by the farmer are not confined to the cultivation of the soil merely, nor to the rearing of su- perior grades of stock, although both of these are of the first importance. Very often an excellent opportunity is offered to make several hundred dollars, or even sev- eral thousand dollars, in one transaction by the judicious buying and selling of other farms. But in order that the farmer may do this it will be necessary for him to keep a good bank account, so as to be able to buy on short notice some farm that is offered at a sacrifice, which quite often occurs. The farmer of large means can do this without much trouble, but the small ones must keep back near the shore. One of the most pro- gressive farmers of this county is the sub- ject of this memorial. Albert Magee was born February 13, 1866, and is the son of John W. and Anna (Abbey) Magee. The Magee family is of Scotch descent, and numbers among its members some of the most distinguished citizens of the country. Senator Magee, of Pittsburg, recently deceased, was a distant member of this family. The immediate an- cestors of subject emigrated from Scotland and settled in New York state and followed the occupation of farming there. John Ma- gee, the grandfather of subject, came from Xew York to Ohio at an early day and pur- sued the occupation of farming, and in con- nection with the same plied the carpenter's trade. He was a man of excellent reputa- tion and passed the remainder of his life in Ohio. The Abbey family came many years ago from England and settled in Ohio, and there Anna Abbey met John W. Magee and 234 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY married him. Two years after their mar- riage, desiring to better their condition in point of this world's goodSj they cam:- to this county and settled on section 3, Clay township, where Mr. Magee bought one hundred and sixty acres of land and beg to farm the same. After living there many years he mi ved t" Warsaw, where he now resides. John W. Magee was married twice. first i" Miss Anna Abbey, a- before stated, and to thi- marriage the following children were horn: Nettie, deceased; George, who married Miss Alice Ingalls and resides in Elkhart, Indiana; Frank, who wedded Miss Mary Mayers and lives in Wayne township; William W.. who married Miss Jennie Wil- trout and resides in Wayne township, served four years a- treasurer of tin.- county, a most signal honor to him and hi- family; Mertie. the wife of John Kelley. lives in Wayne town-hip; Albert, subject; Delia. deceased. His first wife having died. Mr. .Magee married, two years afterward, or in [880, Mi-- Mar) Manner, and by her has the following children: Nellie i> unmarried and live- at home; Herbert, deceased; 1 Ilanche 1- unmarried and lives with her par- m Warsaw. Albert Magee grew up on his father's farm and received the education afforded by the schools of the neighborhood, finishing hi- education at the schools of Warsaw. He taught one term in this county. In 1889 he married Miss Lou Barr, daughter of James and Julia (Funk) Barr, her birth having occurred July 11. [865. I >ne child was born to this marriage, Leone, born N< - vembcr m. [898. Mrs. Magee's ancestors came originallj from the Emerald Isle. She and her husband are member- of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. Mr. Magee believes in the principles of the party which enrolled among its standard bearer- such men as Abraham Lincoln. Ulysses S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, James G. Blaine and William McKinley. He takes an active and intelligent interest in local pol- ities particularly, and in national politics generally. All the members of this well- known family are stanch Republicans, and are so from mi tives of high principle. The subject and his wife possess the highest re- spect of all who have the pleasure of their acquaintance. ELIJAH HAYS. ne of the wealthiest men of n iday who have their home- in Warsaw, Iv sciusko county. Indiana, came here in very moder- circumstances, a- far a- tin- world's ds are concerned, and those who came earliest were generally the \ rest, but by their -kill in their special callings and by their frugality and industry not only aided to build up the town and county, but suc- ceeded in making for themselves compe- tences that enabled them before many Near- had passed to live in ease with little or no further care or labor. Of these fortunate men Elijah lla\ . and he i- the only man now living in Warsaw who was in business here in [843. Mr Hays arrived here June 2, of that year, which was his twenty-fourth birthday, and having here -oiiK relative- who had preceded him. he was not altogether among strangers. Elijah Hay- wa- born at York. Penn- sylvania, June _'. [819, and when two year- old was taken to Wayne count v. Ohio, by Ji . v,; 1 Gi/^a/c ■ y^-cf^j COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 235 his uncle, Andrew Yocum, who lived at Mill- brook, six miles south of Wooster. Robert Hays, the father of Elijah, died in Pennsyl- vania when the latter was of the age just mentioned. Mrs. Elizabeth (Yocum) Hays, mother of Elijah, was left with five chil- dren when Mr. Hays died, of which five there were three born of a former husband, a Mr. Nichols, Elijah was the elder of the two by the second marriage, and Joel, the \ ■' lunger, was but an infant in arms at the death of his father. Two years after the ar- rival of Andrew Yocum and the child Elijah at Millbrook, John Yocum. maternal grand- father of Elijah, and his daughter, Mrs. Hays, mother of Elijah, also reached Ohio' and settled at Waynesboro, Wayne county. When six years old Elijah Hays was re- turned to his mother, and later went to live with this half-sister and her husband. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Boydston, who resided at Cedar Valley, Ohio. Mr. Boydston later became a representative in the Indiana state legislature from Kosciusko county. He was reared to farming, but afterwards be- came a manufacturer of woolen goods. In 1836, when seventeen years old. Eli- jah Hays went out to work en a farm fur a short time and was then apprenticed to Pembertmi Pancoast. at Congress, Wayne county, ( >hi". to learn blacksmithing. He served three years and one month and fi r his services received his board and one hun- dred dollars, together with three months' schooling after having learned the trade, but was obliged to pa}" tor his clothing. At the end of his apprenticeship he was the owner of fifty dollars, besides a sound knowledge of blacksmithing. and at once set up a shop close to the mill of his brother-in-law, Boydston, conducted it one year and saved 14 three hundred dollars in cash. He had long desired to secure an education, and so went to Norwalk, Ohio, secured a room in the Methodist Episcopal Seminary building, brought in his wood and cooked his food himself, and purposed to depend on his trade for his expenses while learning geography, arithmetic, grammar, natural philosophy and chemistry, of all of which he in due time acquired a fair knowledge. Meantime, in the fall of 1X42, Thomas Boydston, the brother-in-law of Mr. Havs, had come to Kosciusko county, had first lo- cated at Leesburg and then removed to Webster, where he operated a saw and grist- mill until 1S49, when he went to California, and three years later returned to Webster, where he passed the remainder of his life, dying in i860 when he was about sixty years old and while a member of the state legislature. In 1843 Elijah Hays and his uncle, Joel Fisk, decided to follow Mr. Boydston to Kosciuski ) ci unity and reached Leesburg in a two-horse wagon in June, 1843. -^ ir - Fisk purchased land just north of Centre Lake, cleared up a farm and lived upon it a num- ber of years, when he removed to Green- castle. Indiana, that he might give his son better educational advantages. He had served as township trustee and died at that city when about sixty years old. The son of Joel Fisk, alluded to above, was grad- uated from the Depauw University, and on returning to Kosciusko county sold the old homestead and located in Franklin township. He later enlisted in the Union army and it is supposed that he sacrificed his life in his country's cause, as he was never afterwards heard from. Elijah Hays had sold his tools in Ohic 236 COMPEXniLWI OF BIOGRAPHY on coming to Kosciusko county. Indiana, ;m the annuity of fifteen hundred dollars already alluded to as reserved for Mr. Hays. In 1887 Mr. Hays had been left with but a few thousand dollars, but with natural business sagacity he resumed trading and recovered all he had lost and after expending the amounts already mentioned and much more in benificencies and charities never to be known, he is still worth at least thirty thousand dollars. No words at the com- mand of the writer can express an adequate idea of the estimation in which such a man as Elijah Hays should be held by the peo- ple of Warsaw and Kosciusko county, and they themselves fall short in their endeavors to express what they feel in this respect. Mr. Hays is also a natural genius and a skillful inventor, being the patentee of sev- eral valuable inventions, among which are vehicle brakes, fence posts, nut locks, car j couplings and two different horse detachers. Mr. Hays was united in the holy bonds of matrimony, six miles east of Warsaw, November 4. [846, with Miss Mary S. Stin- son, a native of Pike county. Ohio, and a daughter of Jacob and Sarah ( Wilson) Stinson, but the only child born to this con- genial union died in infancy. Mr. Hays is a strong advocate of temperance, but be- longs to no secret society, being a strict Methodist and being well content with the society and companionship of his brethren in the church. HON. LEMUEL W. ROYSE. Hon. Lemuel Willard Royse, senior member of the well-known and popular law firm of Royse & Shane, Warsaw, Indiana, is a native son of Indiana and was born in Kosciusko count}-, near the village of Pierce- ton, Washington township, on the 19th day of January, 1847. His father, George W. A. Royse, was a native of Xew Hamp- shire, and his mother, Xancy (Chaplin) Royse. was born near the Bennington battle- ground, in the state of Vermont. The elder Royse was a blacksmith by trade ; he mar- ried Miss Chaplin in Wood county, Ohio, in 1833. and the same year located in Kosci- usko county, Indiana, subsequently, about 1853, changing his abode to Larwell, Whit- ley county, this state, where his death oc- curred in 1859. After the death of his fa- ther Lemuel went to live with a farmer in 238 C0MPEXD1UM OF BIOGRAPHY Whitley county, for whom lie worked until sixteen years of age. devoting his earnings the meanwhile ti i the sup])' >rt of his w id< iwed motliCT and the family. He attended pub- lic school in the neighborh 1. also pur- sued his studies at home and at the age oi eighteen began teaching. He continued ed- ucational work eight consecutive winters. working on the farm in the summers, and it was while thus engaged that he began reading law. in the spring of [872 he en- tered the law office of Frazer & Encell, of Warsaw, where he remained two summers, being admitted to the liar in September, 1873. The following summer he began the practice of his profession at Warsaw, and subsequently, 1875, formed a partner-hip with Edgar Haymond, which lasted until the latter gentleman's election t" the judge- ship of the thirty-third judicial circuit in [890. In the year [876 Mr. Royse was elected prosecuting attorney for the circuit composed of Kosciusko and Whitley coun- ties and discharged the duties of the posi- tion in a manner which added greatly to his reputation as an able and painstaking law- yer, lie was untiring in his efforts to con- serve the interests of law and order, and during his incumbency many offenders were brought to the bar of justice and not a few criminals sent to the state prison. In the month of May. 1SS5. he was further hon- ored b\ being chosen mayor of Warsaw, which office he filled three successive terms. having been re-elected in 1887 and again in [889. As tlie city's chief executive he proved both capable and popular, serving the people faithfully and sparing no pains to promote all interests pertaining to the g< of the municipality. For a number of year- Mr. Royse has been one of the Republican leaders f northern Indiana, and it was in recognition of efficient political services, as well as on account of his eminent fitness for the position, that he was nominated and triumphantly elected in 1894 to represent the thirteenth congressional district in the lower h( use of the national legislature. He received at this election a plurality of four thousand, one hundred ami forty-one votes, a fact which attests his popularity with the people, and his course as congressman fully justified his constituents in the wisdom their chi lice. His career as a member ( if that august body is replete with duty ably and faithfully performed, he having taken an active part in the public discussion and de- liberations on the door, besidtes making his influence felt in the several committees on which he served. Mr. Royse was a member 1 I the Republican state central committee from [886 to [890 inclusive, and also served as a delegate to the national convention at Minneapolis, which nominated Benjamin Harrison the second time for the presidency. He has long been a potential factor in state P litics and in matters local has been a leader and trusted adviser for many years, much of the success of the partv in Kosciusko county and throughout the thirteenth district being directly attributable to his well-conceived and splendidly executed plan-. lie is an effective campaigner and while energetic and untiring in promoting the interests of the cause he represents is honorable in his methods, never resorting to the wile- of the professional partisan nor making use of anything savoring in the least of disreput- able practice. A- a lawyer Mr. Royse evince- a famili- arity with legal principles and a ready per- ceptii n of fact-, together with the ability to COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 239 apply the one to the other, which has won him the reputation of a sound and safe prac- titioner. Years of conscientious work have brought with them not only increase of practice and reputation, but also that growth in legal knowledge and that wide and ac- curate judgment the possession of which constitutes marked excellence in the profes- sion. In the trial of cases he is uniformly courteous to court and opposing counsel, caring little for display, never losing a point for the purpose of creating a favorable im- pression, but seeking to impress the jury rather by weight of facts in his favor and by clear, logical argument than by appeal to passion or prejudice. In discussions of the principles of law he is noted for clearness of statement and candor: he seeks faithfully for firm ground and having once found it nothing can drive him from his position. His zeal for a client never leads him to urge an argument which in his judgment is not in harmony with the law. and in all the import- ant litigation with which he has been con- nected no one has ever charged him with anything calculated to bring discredit upon himself or cast a reflection upon his profes- sion. By a straightforward, honorable course he has built up a large and lucrative legal business and financially has been suc- cessful far beyond the average of his calling. His life affords a splendid example of what an ■American youth, plentifully endowed with good common sense, energy and de- termination, may accomplish when directed and controlled by earnest moral principles. He has made for himself a permanent place in the history of his county and state and stands to-day among Indiana's broad- minded, successful, self-made men. Since 1898 the subject has been associated in the practice of law with Bertram Shane, Esq., the partnership being recognized as one of the strongest, safest, as well as one of the most popular and successful legal firms in the northern part of the state. The names of these two gentlemen are generally found in connection with all important cases tried in the courts of Kosciusko county, and their well-known abilities have caused their serv- ices to be utilized at many other than their own bar. Mr. Royse is a member of the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows, having passed all the chairs in the local lodge to which he belongs. He is also a member of the Im- proved Order of Red Men and the Knights of Pythias. He was happily married on the 10th day of July, 188.3, to ^ is s Bella Mc- Intyre, of Hillsdale, Michigan, a union re- sulting in the birth of one son, James, who died in childhood. EDSOX B. SARBER. Edson B. Sarher, the son of Thomas B. and Martha A. (Timmons) Sarber, was born in Allen county, Indiana, March 11, 1864. The Sarber family are of German descent, two boys. Andrew and John, hav- ing emigrated from Germany to America about the year 1775. The cause of Amer- ican independence enlisted the sympathy of these young men and both became soldiers in the Revolutionary war. After the war closed they settled in Pennsylvania and Ed- son B. and his paternal ancestry are de- scendants of Andrew. Andrew was married in Pennsylvania and to him were born five children, Adam, Christian, John, Hannah and Susan. 240 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Adam Surlier was the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. He was reared to manhood on a farm in Lucerne county, Pennsylvania, where he was married to Catherine Enslen in [803. They remained in their native state for a few years, but as Ohio offered advantages not found in Penn- sylvania tn those who desired to "lay up" something for their children, they gathered together their personal effects and with a yoke of oxen and in true pioneer style moved to Franklin county, Ohio. This wa- in 1812 and they had no sooner arrived in their new home than the father enlisted as a soldier in our second war for independence, or the war of [812. To Adam and Cath- erine Sarber nine children were born, name- 1\ : Sarah, Abraham, George. Christian, Elizabeth, John, Hiram, Lucinda and Will- iam. With one exception (Lucinda, who died while young) the children all grew to manhood and womanhood. All became prosperous men and women, each accumu- lating a creditable fortune. Two of the children. Abraham and William, were teach- ers. William also practiced medicine and was ranked with the most successful of that professii in in his daw Abraham Sarber, the grandfather of Edson B., \\a- married to Louisa Hendren in Franklin county. Ohio, in 1828, and sub- sequently moved to Kosciusko county, In- diana, settling in Palestine in 1840. Kosci- usko county was then in its infancy, hence Abraham Sarber is ranked with the early pioneers 1 E the same, lie engaged in the milling business in Palestine, but soon sold his interest in this business and moved onto a farm in Harrison township. He taught successfully several terms ,,f school during the winter. By skillful and economical man- agement on the part "i both himself and wife they made for themselves a comfort- able home, besides aiding in a substantial manner each of their children. Eight chil- dren. William H.. Adam H.. Melissa, Amanda R., Mary L., Thomas B.. Dorothy P. and John F.. were born to this union. All received a fair education for the ad- vantages offered, six of the eight having taught school at some period of their life. Thomas 1!.. the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Palestine, Kosci- usko county, Indiana, on October 4. 184-'. and with the exception of one year all his life has been spent in the county of his birth. With the exception of one year spent in the Warsaw public schools, his educational ad- vantages were limited to the country dis- tricts. He was united in marriage. May -'4. [863, to Martha A., daughter of William .\. and Catherine (Dunnuck) Timmons. The parents of Martha A. were of English de- scent, the ancestors of her father having set- tled in Delaware and those of her mother in Maryland in an early day. The first year after marriage was spent by Thomas Sarber and wife on a rented farm. From here they moved to Allen coun- ty, Indiana, where they remained one year. when they sold and moved back to Kosci- usko county, settling on the farm now owned by Rudolph Huffer north of Pales- tine. Here they remained one year, when they removed to the farm, then a densely timbered tract of laud, on which they still reside. With their own hands this primeval forest was transformed into a well cultivated farm. While they are not wealthy, if by wealthy we mean rich in the g Is of this world, yet they have all they need and just enough to look after to make life a pleasure COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 241 instead of a task. Three children, Ed'son B.. Louisa C. (who died in infancy) and Andrew E. (whose biography appears else- where in this book), were born to this union. The following review of the life of the immediate subject. Edson B. Sarber, is, be- cause of its autobiographical nature, of es- pecial interest : "1 was two years old when my parents moved on the farm where they still reside. The house on the farm at that time and the one which we occupied for two and a half years was an old-fashioned double-log cabin, with a stick chimney at one end. We occupied one end of the building only and the roof on that portion was so full of holes that we were kept quite busy when it rained changing our own positions and the posi- tions of the beds to avoid being 'drowned out.' The old shell was also infested with rats, and we generally went to sleep with the dreadful thought that an ear or a portion of our nose would go to satisfy the appetite of one of these peskv creatures. "1 commenced going to school at the age of four years and attended all the schools in walking distance of our home until I was fourteen. By this I mean that when there was no school in my home district I was sent to another that was near enough for me to reach afoot. Between school terms 1 helped my father on the farm. My work consisted principally of picking chunks and cutting the undergrowth in the strip of tim- ber which he expected to clear away the fol- lowing winter. "The next two years of my school life were spent in a graded school at Sevastopol, Indiana. 1 began teaching at the age of six- teen and taught every year after that for twenty-one years. But another little inci- dent of my school days at Sevastopol must not be overlooked, else this sketch would be incomplete. It was here that I became ac- quainted with Miss Ollie Rickel. daughter of George W. and Mary (Dunlap) Rickel, and — well, but this must not turn into a childish love story. Suffice it to say that on Sunday evening of September 16, 1883, before a few invited guests at the home 1 if Ollie's parents, we were united in marriage. If I can prove myself worthy of this noble woman, I will have realized the fondest hope of my life, and I must say further that the little success which I may have achieved is dne to the guidance of a kind father and mother and to the kind counsel of a true and devoted wife. "The most of the time since we were married has been spent on the farm, having moved to the one (a part of the old home- stead) on which we reside at present in 1888. The summers of 1890 and 1891 were spent in the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, Indiana, from the business department of which I graduated in 1891. The summers of 1899 and 1900 were also spent in this institution doing work in the scientific course. "Thirteen of the twenty-one years of my teaching were spent in the country district schools and the remaining eight as prin- cipal of the Bnrket public schools. The first day I taught at Burket I enrolled seven pupils and the primary teacher enrolled thirty-five, but before the year closed we had succeeded in building up quite a respect- able attendance, and before the opening of our third year's work it became necessary to build an additional room and we con- fidently feel that the time is not far distant 242 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. when a fourth room will he added and that Seward township will have a high school second to none, outside of the city of War- saw, in Kosciusko county. "1 was elected assessor of Seward town- ship by a majority of nine in 1894 and served for five years. In 1900 1 was elected to the office of trustee by a majority of thirty-eight. J had to resign my position as principal of the Burket schools, to which I must say I very reluctantly did, to assume the duties to which 1 had been elected. I feel keenly the responsibility placed upon me and my earnest desire is to so administer the duties of this office as to give no one cause to regret the trust he has reposed in me." WARDE AND TUCKER FAMILIES. Many families throughout the United State- (hiring the last forty years have gone to much trouble and expense to colled their records hack to the date of their first settle- ment, thus laying the foundation of a per- manent family tree in this country fin- the benefit and pleasure of all their descendants. There can he no doubt of the great import- ance of this step. One of these days, in the entailment of (.'state-, such a record will he invaluable to descendants. It will he found that those who do not possess such a record will not he able to establish their right- to valuable estates that have been -cut down the family line for many generation-. The compilation of such a record i- -imply a matter of -elf preservation for the descend- ants. And it is well, while the record 1- being made, for the family to record col- lateral branches of the family. In this mat- ter all should take deep interest and con- tribute to the collection of the record. Such has been the course taken by the family now under consideration. Captain Josiah Warde, who married Mi-- Sarah Goodale, came from England to the town of Henniker, Xew Hampshire, in 1704. where he became prominent. According to the old record-. he assisted in laying out public road- there and was the first sexton of the town. lie was al-o a member of the first church or- ganized, and was commissioned captain of the Eighth Company of the Fifteenth Regi- ment of state militia on March 1, 1774. He probably saw service in some of the early wars, particularly with the Indian-. Ik- died February 2~. 1795. His son. Jesse Warde. was horn June 8. 1702. and married Miss Susan Booth, of Xew Hampshire. He died August 10. 1 Sot), and his wife died September _»(>. 1X09. Their daughter Polly, who was horn March 10. 1800. married John Tucker in May. 1821. The father of John Tucker was Ezra Tucker, who mar- ried Miss Elizabeth Pressy and settled on the town site of Henniker. Xew Hampshire, in 1770. He had been a soldier in the French and Indian war. and when the Revo- lution broke out he at once espoused the cause of the colonists by entering the service. He became second lieutenant in Captain Emory's company of Colonel Baldwin's regiment and served in various departmei during the continuance of the struggle. He fought at the battle of White Plains. New York, October 28, 177''. and saw much other hard service. His death occurred October 26, 1804, and his wife pa--ed aw September _'_'. 1801. Horace Tucker is the son of John and Mary ( Warde) Tucker and wa- horn in Richland county, Ohio, Novem- fc/U$cu ^Ut<^e*__ #: S^T^tzdC^ (1/ K*~Oi COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. H3 ber 8, 1825. His grandfather, Ezra Tuck- er, passed his days in New Hampshire, and to him were born five sons and one daugh- ter, as follows: Daniel. John, Ezra, Cyrus, David and Eliza. Of this family, Ezra Tucker became a soldier in the war of 181 2 ; John Tucker also enlisted and was mustered but was not called into the service. The latter became the father of our subject. He was reared on a farm in Xew Hampshire, and received a limited education in the early subscript.il m schools. He possessed a good mind and managed to educate himself to the extent that he could pass the recpuired ex- amination for teachers, then a function of the courts. About the year 1820 he came to Richland county, Ohio, walking the entire distance of about eight hundred miles. At that time Ohio was a wilderness, filled with a few straggling settlers, many wild animals and not a few Indians about as wild as the animals. The soil was covered with an im- mense forest, with scarcely a break from north to south or from east to west. But this did not daunt John Tucker, for he en- tered one hundred and sixty acres of govern- ment land in Monroe township, Richland county. He put up on this land at mice a small, rude log cabin, and remained there for about a year all alone, for he was a single man and his nearest neighbor lived four miles away. He cleared a small field and put in a small crop of potatoes, and some time the following year made the trip back- to New Hampshire, walking, as before, the entire distance. While there he married Miss Polly (or Mary) Warde, and soon afterward he and his wife and their few belongings, all in a one-horse wagon, start- ed for the Ohio wilderness. Reader, do you realize what it meant for this young - couple to thus start off into the wilderness, eight hundred miles distant, away from all their friends, to be gone a lifetime, probably never to see their friends again? Such a a trip meant a great deal to the man, but vastly more to the woman. It meant about the same as if at the present day a young couple should start for the heart of Africa. All ties of the past seemed blotted out. The yi lung couple must live absolutely for each other. On their way out they slept in their covered wagon, camped out for the nights and cooked their own food, and continued thus until they had arrived at their destina- tion. Horace Tucker has in his possession at the present day the skillet with which they fried their food on this long and event- ful trip. He has also a piece of his grand- mi ither*s wedding dress. It took them thir- ty-three days to make the trip, and the last six miles he had to clear the way with his ax to reach his log cabin with the wagon and horse. Upon their arrival they moved their few household goods into the little cabin, which he had erected on his previous trip, and thus their married life in the wilderness of Ohio began. They went to work resolutely to clear off the timber from the tract near the house, and in a few years the sunlight was let in on a considerable open tract. As the years passed the clear- ing grew, the rude log cabin was replaced with a larger and better one and a few more comforts were added to the pleasures of the couple. Still later a frame house was built. As the years rolled around little children be- gan to appear, so that it was not as lone- some as it was the first few years. Other settlers came in and soon a considerable settlement was formed in the woods. In the course of time seven children were born 244 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. to them, as follows: One that died in in- fancy: Horace, subject; Aurelius, deceased, who married Miss Isabella Alexander, was a teacher and a man of mure than usual ability; Serena, who became the wife i I Francis Wager, lives in Cleveland, Ohio; lie is worth one hundred thousand dollars; Albert, who married and lives in Mentone, Indiana, is quite wealthy: Reguius, who wedded Miss Jane Bine and lives at Foun- tain I lead. Tennessee, is engaged exten- sively in the stock business; Livona, who became the wife of John Vandermark, is deceased. John Tucker and his son Horace came to Kosciusko county in 1840 for the purpose of inspecting the land and. if found satisfactory, of buying a tract. Horace selected and bought one hundred and sixty acres in sections 10 and _»o. Franklin town- ship. The father returned to Ohio, leaving Horace to clear a small opening, when he. too, returned to Ohio, walking the whole distance of two hundred miles, re- quiring about a week to do it. Horace re- mained in Ohio for some time, working on his father's farm until his marriage Jan- uary [3, 1S4S. to Miss Eliza Johnson, daughter of Francis and Anna (Fleming) Johnson. The Johnson family were origin- ally from Ireland. William Johnson, the grandfather of Mrs. Horace Tucker, came from Ireland to America immediately after his marriage. He settled in Pennsylvania, where the father of Mrs. Tucker was bom. (haiks Fleming, an uncle, was a soldier in the war of [812. Francis Johnson was a blacksmith and a sickle maker. He moved to Ohio, where he passed the remainder of his days. I le was prominent in his life time. serving as justice of the peace, etc. 1 le was a Democrat and a member of the I'resbv- terian church. To Horace and Eliza Tucker the following children were born: Albert L.„ born September [9, [849, who married Miss Elizabeth Bechtelheimer and now lives on section v }o. Franklin township. Upon the marriage of his children Horace Tucker has given each six thousand dollars, to which Albert has greatly added since his marriage. He now owns two hundred»and fifty acres of tine land in this township and has these children: Elmore. Effa D., Eda, hin, Roy, John. Millie. Frank C. and Unie. Rosella, born in December, 1853. became the wife of Jonathan Tinkey and resides in Seward township; they have three girls and ne boy: Laura Mertie. Aha Merva. Xellie \. and Horace Grover. Hollis ( '.. horn in February, 1857. married Xettie Alexander and lives in Franklin township: they have -ix children. Oren. Marion. Charles, Horace. Merlie and Erma. Horace Tucker and wife have nineteen grandchildren and nine great- grandchildren, and all of them live within sound of their grandfather's dinner bell, and very often avail themselves of its kindly invitation. The life of Mr. Tucker affords many interesting features. He began at the bottom on his land, which was at rirst cov- ered with heavy timber. He cleared much of it himself, but was at all times a hirer of labor and knew how to manage hired men. The first Spring he planted six acres of corn among the stumps. He broke the ground with a pair of runaway oxen belonging to some one else, and yoked them up and put them to work when they came to his barn for something to eat. Slowly he advanced and improved the place. In 1S71 he com- menced the erection of his present brick house, which was the first in the township to be supplied with steam heat. The house COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 245 cost four thousand dollars, exclusive of his own work, which was considerable. He put up the first wind mill pump in the township and in 1874 he built his large barn, and at the present time his farm is one of the most attractive in the county. Mr. Tucker has shown great capacity to get ahead in the world. All told, he has made in his various business transactions about one hundred thousand dollars. Much of this large sum has been made in the rearing and marketing of live stuck, having for forty-two years made a specialty of this business. He was the first man to ship a car load of live stock from Warsaw in 1856. He handles high grade cattle and horses, and is an excellent judge of stock. He now has one hundred and twenty head of as fine steers as are to be found in this count}'. He is very liberal in his benefactions, contributing freely to all the churches in this portion of the county and assisting every worthy undertaking. He has given to his children about twenty- five thousand dollars. In politics he is a Re- publican and was a Whig before the Repub- lican party was formed. He has served as trustee of the township, and also as treas- urer, and has been mentioned in connection with the county commissionership. He has in one piece a tract of about one thousand acres of land and keeps about one hundred head of cattle the year round. He ships an- nually about one hundred head of swine. In 1900 he sold eight thousand dollars worth of fat and graded cattle. He and his wife are the most prominent people in this part of the county. Mr. Tucker is distin- guished for his upright conduct and steady habits, for his industry and intelligence, and for his sagacious business methods and high sense of honor. His long life and that of his good wife are filled with righteous deeds, so that in the future their children and chil- dren's children shall rise up and call them "blessed." Mr. Tucker has related several incidents concerning his early experiences in this county which are deemed worthy of mention here. Sugar maple trees were at that time quite plentiful and Mrs. Tucker has on her cook stove made enough maple sugar to last the family through an entire year. She manufactured the cloth for the family clothes, first cutting the wool from the sheep, then cording, spinning and weaving it into cloth. Many a time has Mr. Tucker been so busy clearing his land that be has had to burn the brush and, log heaps at night. The first table used in the home of this pioneer family was an ordinary goods box. This was superseded by a rude bench made of clapboards. Their bedstead was a four- inch stick laid at the extreme outer ends of shorter posts stuck horizontally into augur holes in the wall, and all covered with clap- boards on which to make the lied. Mr. Tucker was an expert user of the sickle and many times has reaped forty dozen of wheat in one day. He helped tend the first thresh- ing machine used in Richland county. Ohio. He has now in his home an old Seth Thomas clock which was brought from Richland county and is over sixty-five years old, and has also several old coverlets used in the pioneer days. In 1901 Mr. Tucker sold sixty-three walnut logs for the remarkable price of six thousand three hundred and thirty dollars. He has now in bis possession an old sheepskin parchment deed, dated July 5, 18^7. and signed by President Martin Van Buren, and which is now highly valued by Mr. Tucker as a relic. 246 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. HON. GEORGE MOON, Deceased. To write the personal record of men who have raided themselves from humble circum- stances to a position of responsibility and trust in a community is no ordinary pleas- ure. Self-made men. men who have achieved success by reason of their personal qualities and left the impress of their in- dividuality upon the business and growth of their place of residence and affect for g 1 such institutions as are embraced within the sphere of their usefulness, unwittingly per- haps, built monuments more enduring than marble obelisk or granite shaft. ( )f such we have the unquestioned right to say belongs the gentleman whose name is well known throughout Kosciusko county and promi- nently associated with those whose reputa- tions and service exceed the boundaries of the state. Hon. George Moon, deceased. George Moon was born in county Lon- donderry, Ireland. July it. 1816. He was a lad of twenty years when, in [836, he left his native land and sought a home in the new world beyond the seas. Landing- in America, he made his way to Pennsylvania, where he remained for one year in the town of Mauch Chunk, and in April, 1837, joined the tide of emigration then rapidly setting toward the Western wilds beyond the Alle- ghauies. landing in Leesburg. Indiana. him Knowles then lived about three miles -nitli of Warsaw, and the subject hail known the family in Pennsylvania. Ed- ward Archibald, a cousin of George Moon, accompanied him to Indiana for the purpose of obtaining land. George went to Lees- burg and hired out at eight dollar- per month to b'hn I'.. Chapman, who owned a prairie farm, where he was employed in the laborious task of breaking sod land with live yoke of cattle. Here he remained six months, but was unable to procure land. Much sickness from fever and ague pre- vailed at that time, and it was not uncom- mon to find whole families stricken with that terrible malady. The families of a Mr. Fitch and a Mr. Dinky were sorely afflicted and out of the thirteen souls there were eleven deaths. The country was very flat and swampy and the few physicians were unable to successfully cope with the disease, then almost a scourge. Some went to La- fayette for care. In 1839 Mr. Moon came to Warsaw, which was afterward his home until his death. Three years prior to this date the town was laid off and the following year. 1837, the first building was erected. Six families comprised the settlement in [839, and it was not until 1850 that the hamlet could boast of a population of two hundred and fifty. Mr. Moon taking the census. Hon. John B. Chapman, a lawyer, and at that time member of the legislature, named the county and selected the site for county seat, being the owner of one of the three eighties which it embraced, ami named the town Warsaw. The jail was a two- story log structure. There were no doors below and prisoners were let down into the lower room from the second story. The old frame court house stood where the Baptist church now stands. In the fall of 1838 Mr. Moon became a clerk in the store of Met- calfe Beck, a merchant of Leesburg. who shortly afterward set Moon up in business with a small st< ek of goods at Warsaw. Trade was light and the growth of the town was slow, lie -"Id g 1- in Warsaw for COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. M7 about ten years, paying for them as fast as he could. His later purchases were made at Michigan City. Jonathan Moon, brother to our subject, was living in Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, having left Ireland six or seven years be- fore in company with his cousin Archibald, and in the fall of 1837 he came to Indiana. He had some money, bought eighty acres of laud, and Archibald entered a tract of one hundred and twenty acres six miles south of Warsaw. That winter Moon and Archibald went to Leesburg and engaged in general merchandising, continuing business until the former's death in 1854. He had accumu- lated a handsome property, about forty-five thousand dollars, and Archibald also became wealthy. Jonathan Moon left a family. Mrs. Alary (Moon) Cisney, Warsaw, be- ing the only child now in the county. His widow is now the wife of Thomas J. Chap- man, of Warsaw. Another brother of George Moon, Ed- ward, came to Indiana about eight years later and engaged in the drug business at Lee>burg. He became county treasurer, and subsequently engaged in merchandising, becoming well and favorably known as suc- cessful business man. His widow and two sons, John A. and Charles I!., are residents of Warsaw. George Moon, the subject, after selling- out in 1848, clerked for his brother in Leesburg. In 1852 he was elected to the office of county treasurer and was re-elected to a second term in 1854. An in- spection of the books by the commissioners found them not only well kept, but there was not an error therein. His memory was remarkably good and while not having the advantages of much schooling his retentive mind and close observation served him well. In 1856 he was elected to the lower house of the general assembly. Being an old-line Whig, he naturally gave his fealty to the then rising Republican party. He was chair- man of the first Republican convention and old Whig friends had placed him in nom- ination and elected him by a handsome ma- jority. Mr. Moon making no canvass for the office. He served one year in the house and was made chairman of the committee on ways and means, rendering valuable service through his ability to foresee events or analyze a measure presented to the commit- tee for its consideration. Retiring from the legislature at the close of his term, he be- came the agent at Warsaw of the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago railway, and secured control of the warehi >use. holding the posi- tion for several years. In i860 he was sent as a delegate to the Republican national con- vention at Chicago as a Lincoln man. He and his colleague of this district were the only original Lincoln men at the first ses- sion. His personal preference was for Sew- ard, but feared he could not be elected and did feel that Lincoln was the then coming man. After the nomination he returned home and took an active part in the cam- paign. He chartered a special train for the grand rally held at Fort Wayne, using his personal means to defray the expense. Al- though handling large sums of money be- longing to the railroad, not a cent of it was used to conduct the canvass, but was bor- rowed from friends when necessary. He finally resigned his position with the rail- road, after the election. When hostilities commenced between the nojrth and south .Mr. Moon obtained a position under a per- sonal friend who was an army quartermas- ter, stationed in Kentucky, and was soon -- ■ Ofc - -r — . - t snpenrBncr ■ ostantl - -;i'-< He. - - - ■ - —ternal ruuat .1— " \.ir~- ■--~ k~ : : ~t~~ ' ' :.\i: --- ;- .- : — ar_ i : *.""ri ire -"■ : j ' trvice was derided aa . - •icnes. Pre' :• >:- art — - cevoEKS Toiler —tier 7"-e -. : --■ :■---. i- . ::--- - - j. - - race was pr Miner: ve .>t mc« the c crrr^^ocer at Wasaingt - ~ *e work. Tl - ras — o - cccecTy doe t :■ ' soaal appfrcaaen :•:■ trice -:.r.e- licenses- were Essaed by bn per- -~.i - -, ,— - .- -2..1 i leaatt ■ cad : war " - retire: - - — ad Ege Tarpie - - .vay* iaeere- - - x r_xi: re " «as eatabasiaed ■ ■ : abets -. ~--j£ e5a»- - wfrittt — :_ -. t. :e>ci r.i..te i ~ ' . ' C ' 1 ■-"* :" r - ?• '■. r _ t ."■ 1 ~i C i. i - . _ .- f ' " _ _ - ' i •ily means :•> ■ ! [erir. •. - :ad ":eer; a - - : ■ — <±- k- ~ - -.--- tzr- 7 ------ a mm: " - . r ■ -.- :-Lrrer member -■■- m. established - • . r ei i wafiir at >:cxh Bead lEif " :" •■""" - ' Fi« j-mmw at Warsaw. la ifco fce be- COMPEXPIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 249 came a member of the grand lodge, and was ever active in the work of the order. He ranked as one of the oldest members of the 1 rder in the state, and during his fifty-four 5 of membership was never a delinquent. In Masonry he also reached an eminent po- sition. He was a Scottish Rite Mason, and for years was active in its good work. In 1841 Mr. Moon wedded Miss Sarah Elizabeth Graves, the ceremony being per- formed at Leesburg. She was born in Clarksburg. Virginia, and was a y< >ung girl when her parents moved to Indiana. Her brother. William C. Graves, was one of tht earliest attorneys of Warsaw and was coun- ty clerk for a number of years, and later a banker and merchant. Another brother, Thomas L. Graves, is a resident of Kendall- ville. After fifty-two years of married life the estimable wife and mother passed away. They were the parents of four children, three of whom grew to maturity: Nancy E.. who became the wife of Daniel S. Bitner, of Warsaw : Regina, deceased, who mar- ried William B. Funk : and George, who was deputy collector under his father in the internal revenue sendee, and now resides at Eagle River, Wisconsin. Few men live to attain as high a place in the esteem of the community in which they live as did George Moon, and his death, which occurred on the 15th of April. 1902. was deeply mourned by all classes. WILLIAM HEISLER. In this country it is an easy matter for a stn >ng young man, one whose powers are unimpaired, to go out in the world and make a good living for himself, but it is not so easy for one to get on well in the world who has met with the misfortune of bodily infirmity. He is handicapped in the race of life and unless he excels in other directions — unless he possesses other su- perior qualities — his life is likely to be one of severe trials and exactions. But it is usually the case that when a person is thus limited in bis activities he more than makes up for it in a sharpening of other qualities, so that he is thus enabled in those direc- tions to surpass his fellows in those respects at least. This seems like an exemplification of the laws of compensation. If curbed in one direction, the energies take an unusual development in another. It would seem that this is the case in the development of the subject of this sketch, for although he has been handicapped for many years he has been unusually successful in the battle for a livelihood. He was born in Stark county, Ohio. July 6, 1845. and is the son of John and Mary ( Zeider ) Heisler, the father be- ing a native of Germany. When John Heisler was a young man he emigrated from Germany to America and settled in Stark county, Ohio. There he met Miss Mary Zeider. who had come from Germany to France with her parents when she was twelve years old and later had come to America and also settled in Stark county. In due time they were married. The par- ents of both were farmers and people of strict respectability. John Heisler was a o 11 »per by trade and worked at the same for many years in connection with his fanning operations. His farm was situated four miles from Massilon, Ohio, and there he re- sided until 1863 and then came to Kosci- usko county and died here. To himself and wife five children were born, as follows: 2;o COMPEXPllM OF BIOGRAPHY. Catherine, deceased, who married John Byerly, was widowed and lived in Warsaw, Indiana: Pauline, who became the wife of Sylvester Kinsey, is also a widow and re- sides in Clay township; William, subject: John, who married Miss Catherine B and upon her death wedded again, lives in this c< unty; Emanuel resides in Hiawatha, Kansas, and is married. In [864 the father moved from Stark county and settled on sec- tion 6, Clay township, this county, buying tlie farm now 1 ccupied by the subject. William Heisler grew up on his father's farm and helped to clear off the timber and the thickets of brush. He remained at home until he readied manhood and received dur- ing that time a good education at the coun- try schools. Upon reaching his majority he became afflicted with the dreaded white -welling in one of his limbs, with the result that in the end it crippled him for life. Such an affliction would have put a damper on the spirits of almost any young man. but not so with the subject of this notice, lie determined to make the most of life, and ac- cordingly wooed and won Miss Mary Bules, whose parents were native- of Ger- many. Three children were born to this union, as follows: Lizzie, deceased; Win- field S.. born July 28, 1880, unmarried and at home: William M., unmarried and at home, was born April 28, [883. His first wife dying, Mr. Heisler afterward mar- ried Miss Ida Good, and by her has one child. Charles J., born July u. [900. At the time of his first marriage he had saved very little, owing to his unfortunate sick- -. but he put forth his best efforts and by good management succeeded in getting ahead and in time bought out the other heirs and now owns the "Id farm of one hundred and ten acres. Notwithstanding his lame- ness he has followed the plow many a day. He is prosperous and highly respected. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church and are prominent in all worthy re- ligious movements. He is a Democrat, takes a lively interest in all political affair- and is one of the leading citizens in this part 1 if the countv. ANDREW 1'. RUPE. It is proper that the descendants of the old settler-, those who cleared the land of its primitive w Is. should see that the doings of the early years are fittingly re- membered and recorded. It was -aid by 1 ne 1 if the greate-t hi-ti irians that thi se who take no interest in the deeds of their an- cestors are not likely to do anything worthy ti > be remembered by their descendant-. Could the live- of the first settlers be fully and truthfully written what an interesting, thrilling and wonderful tale it would be. Think of the journey to the West, of the hardships of clearing the -nil and the pleas- ure of rearing the family. Think of the pio- neer gatherings, of the slim .ting matches, the old subscription schools, the first churches under the branches of the tr< the camp meetings, the famous "Id circuit riders, the husking matches, the coon, w fox and bear hunts with dug-, and then presume t" say that the old settlers did ii"t live happy live-. Such were the experiences of the subject of thi- sketch. He was l>orn in Carroll county. Ohio, May 22, [822, and i- the -on of Jacob and Martha (Price) Rupe. The father, when a boy, was brought i" America from Germany and first lived in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 251 Virginia. He worked at the carpenter trade, and continued thus employed until the sum- mer of 1836. Upon reaching maturity Jacob Rupe married Miss Martha Price, a native of Maryland, the marriage occurring in Vir- ginia and to them were born fifteen chil- dreu, eleven sons and four daughters, as follows: Samuel, who married Miss Maria Shinaburv and both are deceased ; Hannah, win 1 died when a small girl ; David, who married and lived in Ohio ; William, who married Miss Hannah Tussinger and lived in Missouri; Elnora, who became the wife of Edward Garrett and lived in Ohio; John, who married and is deceased; Mary A., who was the wife of David Dodd, lived in In- diana, and later in Iowa; Joseph, deceased, who was married four times; Cornelius mar- ried, lived in Michigan and died March 15. 1897; Jacob, who died at the age of eighteen years: Sarah, who was crippled in early life and never married; Andrew P., subject; Michael, and two others. Andrew P. Rupe is the only representative of this large fam- ily now living and is nearly eighty years old. In the fall of 1836. when the subject was in his fifteenth year, he was brought by his parents from Richland county, Ohio, to Kosciusko county, Indiana, where the father had secured one hundred and seventy-two acres by trading his farm in Ohio* for the land in Seward township. At that time the country was new and wild game was abund- ant. Even the Indians were still here in considerable numbers. Amid these sur- roundings Andrew P. grew to manhood. At first they were the only white family in the township, and sometimes the Indians were anything but friendly. On one oc- casion several of them came to the Rupe house and seemed very angry about some- 15 thins;. After several hours of conference the family succeeded in pacifying them with pacific overtures and a square meal and they departed satisfied. Andrew, growing up among them, became familiar with their language and can talk some of it yet. He joined them in their games, sports and hunts, and in time became very expert in the use of the rifle. He became a skillful hunter and shot many deers and had more than one tussel with ones which he had wounded. He says that very few animals are as dangerous as a wounded deer. It charges upon the hunter and gores him to death in a twinkling unless he can manage to evade the infuriated animal. He had just such an experience and only barely es- caped with his life. He was very daring in his hunts and would attack any animal that roamed the dense forests and trust to his- skill and markmanship to get him out of the scrape. It is no doubt true that he has killed more wild game than any other man now living in the county. He was reared to hard work on the farm and in felling the heavy trees and burning the brush. His little education was secured at the old sub- scription schools. On October 5, 1847. he married Miss Barbara Shoemaker, wdiose people were also pioneers of this part of the county, having' emigrated here from Ohio. At the time of his marriage he had nothing but his wife, with the world before him, but neither feared the result. Seven children were born to this union, viz: Nancy A., who married twice, the second time to Levi Parish, of White Pigeon, Michigan; Eliza now lives in California; Arie is the wife of James Harris and lives in Marion, Indi- ana ; Lvdia, who married Aaron McCoy, lives in South Bend. Mr. Rupe's first wife 252 COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. died April 24. i860, and he married Nancy J. Romine, who bore him twin boys. One of the.-e. C. C. Rupe, married Miss Anna Andrict and lives in this county. His sec- ond wife dying January 4. t86i, Mr. Rupe married Caroline !!. Hill. She died without issue, and he chose for his fourth wife Eliz- abeth Bently, to whom he was married Jan- uary 1. [878. She bore him one child, Willie, who 'lied aged seven weeks. Mrs. Rupe was born August 23, 1841, and was brought to this county in 1S52. Mr. Rupe now owns a total of over four hundred acre- of excellent land, acquired wholly by hi- . wn exertion- and good man- agement. Mrs. Kupe i- a member of the Christian church, and Mr. Rupe, though not a member, has been trustee and treasurer of Palestine Christian church for thirteen years. He is a member of the Lodge No. 73. Warsaw, F. & A. M., having joined in [861. In politics he i- an ardent Democrat and wa- once earnestly solicited to run on his party ticket for sheriff, but declined the honor. He is a splendid specimen of the pioneer farmer and is spending his declin- ing days in happiness and peace after the tumult of a loner and active life. EDWARD G. BLACK. To the person traveling by railway across the state at this day it -eems almost incredible that only a little more than half a century ago almost every foot of land was covered with a dense forest through which the light of day rarely ever penetrated. But such was the fact. In a little more than half a centurv every root and branch has been removed, -tick by -tick, from the soil by innumerable hands. In fact the mosl of the timber was removed in considerably less than half a century. This would never have been done had it not been for the fertile soil beneath and the comfortable homes that awaited the efforts of the settlers. The task wa- a 1-Hi- one, but well repaid the settlers fur the trials and hard-hips. It was through such experiences that the subject of tins memorial passed, particularly in his early war-. His birth occurred in Prairie 1 ship, Kosciusko county, Indiana. May 18. 1851, and he is the son of Joseph and Susan (Richison) Black. The family of which the subject is an honorable member is of English descent. The grandfather resided in Virginia and followed the occupation of farming. His marriage occurred in that -tale and one of his sons was Joseph, the father of the subject. When Joseph was a small boy his father moved from Virginia to < 'hio. and there he grew up with the usual advantages afforded boys of that early period, his schooling being obtained at the pioneer subscription schools. Possessing by nature a good mind, he took to books and obtained a good education for that day. In an early day he became acquainted with the lady who afterward became his wife. They were married and their union was blessed with three sons and three daughters. Pre- vious to his marriage he traveled through the -tate of Indiana and all the Northwest, and while on this trip bought the land on which he afterward lived in this county, in Prairie township. Every font of it wa- cov- ered with heavy timber which had to be re- moved before the -oil could be cultivated. It was a task of immense magnitude, but had to be performed if the family wa- to COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 253 si m the grain and reap the same from the sail beneath. Their trip from Ohio was made in a covered wagon through the dense woods and past the small clearings and the small fields of stumps. A rude log cabin was erected and in this their life began in the forests of the "Hoosier state." Ere long the sunlight was let in and the fields of wheat and corn took the place of the vir- gin forests. Their family comprised the following children : Clarinda, who married E. E. Hart and lives with her father in Prairie township, this county; Edward G., subject; Salem, who married Catherine Kimes and resides in this county; Sarah, who became the wife of William Boggus and lives in this county; Cynthia is unmar- ried and lives at home with her father ; James, who married Cassie Burkett, also lives in this county. . Edward G. Black remained on his fa- ther's farm until he attained the age of twenty-one years, securing in the meantime a good education at the public schools and learning during the summers what it was to work on a farm. Upon reaching his ma- jority be hired out to his father by the month and continued thus employed for the space of three years, saving up a snug sum of money in the meantime. April 4, 1878, he wedded Miss Mollie, daughter of George and Margaret (Barrick) Ritchie. Her birth occurred December 9, i860, she being of Germanic descent. She was reared in Kosci- usko county and in the common schools here received her education. To her parents there were born seven children, three sons and four daughters, of whom the only sur- vivors are Mrs. Black, and John W., a resi- dent of Milford, Indiana. To this union three children were born, as follows : Walter E., burn November 26, 1878, married Miss Maude Decker, and is the present marshal of Claypool; Nora B., born March 26, 1880, is the wife of William Adams, the latter be- ing a teacher in the grammar department of the Claypool schools; Edna M., born Sep- tember 26, [885, has a good education and resides at home with her parents, being un- married. She passed the examination for the high school and has also taken instruc- tion in music. The parents are members of the United Brethren church of Claypool, of which he has served as Sunday-school su- perintendent and as steward. He is a mem- ber of Tent No. 83, K. O. T. M.. and Mrs. Black of Hive No, 103, L. O. T. M., of Claypool, of which she is sergeant. Mr. Black is a Democrat and takes much interest in the affairs of the county and country. He is not an aspirant for office, but could well fill any county position. He is thoroughly practical and stands high in the community as man and neighbor. The family is emi- nently respectable and its members are un- usually well informed and intelligent. QUINCY A. HOSSLER. " 'Man is the noblest work of God' and a truly noble man but fulfills the plan of the Creator. The life of man describes a circle. The cycles of existence of different lives form concentric circles, for some are given but a quarter of a century wherein to complete the appointed work, while the span of others varies to the allotted three score and ten. But how true and comfort- ing that life is measured, not by years alone, but rather by a purpose achieved, by noble 254 COMPEXDIUM OP BIOGRAPHY. deed- accredited to it. How often are we confronted when a loved friend and co- worker answers the final summons, with the question 'Why must he go when there yet remains so much for him to do, when he ran so illy be spared?' But the grim mes- senger heeds not and we are left to mourn and to accept submissively." Such is the beautiful and appropriate introduction to a touching and eloquent memorial read before the eighth annual session of the Inland Daily Press Association, touching the life and character of the late Quincy A. Hossler, oi Warsaw, former president of the associa- tion and for many years one of Indiana's most popular and distinguished journalists. Mr. Hossler's untimely death removed from the newspaper fraternity of the west one of its brightest minds and loftiest intellect-. and the many beautiful tributes to his high standing in his profession and to his high Standing as a man and citizen attest the abid- ing place he had in the hearts and affec- tions of his brethren of the press and others. Quincy A. Hossler was born in the town of Millville, Butler county. Ohio, on the [8th day of October, 1843. His father. Jacob Hossler. removed from Ohio to Indi- ana in [850, settling first in Jay county, thence the same year came to the county of Kosciusko and located near the village of Lewisburg, where his death occurred a few months later. The early life of Quincy A. was -pent on the farm and when old enough he entered the common schools, where he prosecuted his studies until the age of four- teen. In 1857, with his mother, he re- moved to Warsaw and on January of the year following entered the printing office of the Northern Indianian to learn the "art preservative." His quick perception, indus- try, retentive memory and untiring indus- try enabled him to master the art in a com- paratively short time, so that in May, i86l, he started out a- a journeyman printer, go- ing first to Cairo. Illinois, where he worked at the case about eighteen months. This is sufficient evidence of his qualifications; but he began to extend his tour and during the three years following visited the northern and eastern states, replenishing his purse from time to time by working at his trade and gradually widening the area of his knowledge by contact with the world. Whether it be true or not that one locality possesses advantages over another in this art or not. it is certain that he acquired a thorough knowledge of what was known in the places he visited, which was a decided advantage in preparing him for his subse- quent career a- one of this state's most thor- ough, all round newspaper men. In 1866 Mr. Hossler returned to War- saw and for the ensuing two years was in the employ of his brother. C. G. Hossler. in the clothing business. On the 15th daj of May, iSOO, he was happily married to Miss Kate Paul, one of the city's most accom- plished and popular young ladies, and two years later purchased a half interest in the Northern Indianian newspaper office, assum- ing charge of the business and mechanical departments. The paper was conducted by Williams & Hossler until May. 1S75, when they purchased the Fort Wayne Daily and Weekly Gazette. Six months later General Williams withdrew from the firm and Mr. Hossler was left to conduct the paper alone, a task for which he was peculiarly well fitted, as the continued growth of the Ga- zette in public favor abundantly proved. Mr. Hossler edited the paper with marked COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 255 ability until July. 1876, when he disposed of the office and returned to Warsaw, where his family had resided during' his absence and where he made his home the remainder of his days. During the last ten years or more of his life Mr. Hossler was connected with the publication of the Indiana Republican and the Daily Times of Warsaw as one of the business managers, a position for which he appears to have been admirably adapted. He became well and favorably known to the newspaper fraternity of the state and the high standing' he attained in the different editorial associations to which he belonged attested his popularity with his brethren of the press in Indiana and elsewhere. For a number of years he was an active member of the Indiana Republican Editorial Associa- tion, which passed appropriate resolutions touching his death at the meeting held in Indianapolis, February. 1894. His connec- tion with the Northern Indiana Editorial Association also dates back many years and in all of its sessions he was a conspicuous figure. He admired the social features of these gathering's, believing that by bringing editors together they would become better acquainted and thus prevent personal wrangles which too frequently appeared in the columns of their respective papers. This idea he always practiced and: carried out to. the fullest extent. In forming his per- sonal associations he entirely ignored party lines and among" his warmest friends were many who held opinions directly the op- posite of those which he entertained. He always manifested the liveliest interest in the welfare of this association, served two terms as its president and at the time of his death was a member of the executive committee. Mr. Hossler was also an en- thusiastic member of the National Editorial Association, the records of which contain a tribute to his worth, couched in elegant diction — in fact one of the most eloquent testimonials ever paid to the memory of a deceased brother. The preambles and reso- lutions adopted by the Indiana delegates to the national editorial convention held at As- bury Park. Xew Jersey, in July. 1894. are also beautiful and appropriate and refer at considerable length to his high professional standing and manly worth. In addition to the action taken by these several organiza- tions the Masonic and Odd Fellows frater- nities, of which he was a conspicuous mem- ber, and the Royal Arcanum paid due re- spect to his memory in beautifully written resolutions, while the press throughout the state contained many complimentary eulogi- ums testifying to his distinguished services as a journalist and bemoaning his departure from the ranks. Nearly all of Mr. Hossler's active life was connected with the newspaper busi- ness in its various capacities. During this long period of journalistic service he at- tained an enviable distinction, especially as a newspaper manager, while his whole- heartedness. boundless generosity and emi- nent social qualities made him a friend to every one with whom he had relations. He was a man of almost limitless energy and with him to will was to do. In his life work he was the very embodiment of enthusiasm and every enterprise that had for its object the upholding of the business enlisted his hearty co-operation and financial support. In his long and honored career he was not unmindful of the business side of life, by diligence and successful management hav- 256 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ing accumulated a handsome competency. although himseH one of the most liberal and whole souled of men. Mr. Hossler was of magnificent phy- sique and pleasing presence, a splendid speci- men of symmetrically developed American manhood. He moved among men as one horn to leadership and made his presence felt in whatever capacity his abilities were exercised. While devoted to his profession and frequently honored by being chosen to positions o| prominence and influence in its various associations, he loved to mingle with his fellow men, regardless of calling. and was the faithful friend and genial com- panion of all classes and conditions of peo- ple. His was a broad, liberal mind, optimis- tic in all the term implies, but exclusive in the sense that nothing savoring in the slight- est degree of insincerity, hypocrisy or cant could for a moment find lodgement therein, lie was a manly man, best liked by those who knew him most intimately, and like a ray of sunlight he often illumined and made bright the pathway of those into whose lives fortune cast no golden favors. While an ardent Republican and for years one of the party's recognized leaders in northern Indiana, he never allowed polit- ical differences to interfere with his business relations, nor. as already stated, did it have anything whatever to do in the matter of personal friendship. He was not identified with any religious body, yet had a most pr found respect for religion and for a number of years was a regular attendant f the noted men < f his day and generation in the state of Indi- ana. Struck down in the prime of vigorous manhood and in the zenith of his usefulness, he departed this life on the 6th day of De- cember. 1893, leaving to his friends and to the world the priceless heritage of a name the synonym of honor and a character un- sullied by the shadow of a stain. The ob- sequies were marked by beautiful and appro- priate religious ceremonies conducted by the pastor of the Presbyterian church, followed by the sublime ritual services of the various fraternal organizations of which the de- ceased was an honored member. A large concourse of friends and admirers followed the mortal remains to beautiful Oakwood cemeterj and when the beloved form was gently lowered to its final resting place each and every one in the vast throng felt the loss as a personal bereavement. In closing this sketch it is deemed ap- propriate to subjoin the following tender poem by William E. Pabor, poet laureate of the Northern Indiana Editorial Associate n, and read by him at its annual session in (894, commemorative of the "Past Year s I lead." of whom Mr. Hossler was one. I hey were, but air not; ,0 we meet We miss them and of each we say: Alas! a friend has passed away, Whose smiles, whose words we love to g We bow our heads and bend before The shrine of sorrow. Love is sli< And life is sweet; but, late or longf, 1 .! iei stands and greets us on time's shore; COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 257 A shore that stretches out so far That it in darkened distance dies; We seem to see where pleasure lies Across the waves that wash the bar. We watch the ships that seaward go Bearing our comrades from our side, — We see them into shadows glide, The shadows of a common woe. The hands we grasp are quiet now! The lips once eloquent are dumb! The heart, once warm, is cold and numb! And dust lies on each marble brow. Each was our comrade, brother, friend; Each is, — but we can trace the change That cometh as men cross the range, Or whither do their footsteps tend? Our pleading goes up to the sky: O! send us down yon starry track Some word of heavenly knowledge back! But silence is the sole reply. Somewhere, dark Calvary's Mount above, This legion grows with living light Across the darkness of the night: Death is the crown of Life through Love. So let us think of these no more As dead, who with us stood last year; They live, — perchance they still hold dear The friends they left on time's shore, And amaranth may crown each brow That we now deck with Asphodil; And lips with songs celestial swell That with us sleep in silence now. JOSHUA RING. When old age approaches it is quite the usual thing- for a person to look back over his life to find out whether the world is any better for his having lived. It must be a gloomy retrospect, indeed, when no good can lie found upon such an examination. On the contrary what a consolation it must be to any one to know that his life has been an example of excellence for the guidance of youth and for the congratulation of age. How pleasant it must be, when death ap- proaches, to be able to say truthfully, "I have lived an honest life and have done my whole duty." How many old persons who read these lines can hold up their heads with pride and say without a blush that the world is better for their having lived ? The sub- ject of this memorial is one of the number 111 this county who can truthfully make such a statement. He is respected by every one who has the pleasure of his friendship and acquaintance. He is a native of the great German empire, his birth occurring in Wal- deck in May, 1830. His parents, Joshua and Caroline (Snyder) Ring, were married in that country, where they were also reared and educated. The father was a millwright by trade and followed that business in con- nection with farming. They were the par- ents of six children, as follows : Henrv, Joshua, Mary, Elizabeth, Philip and one that died in infancy. Joshua Ring, the subject of this notice, grew to manhood in his native country and secured a good education. He learned the business of farming and has made it his life work. After reaching his majoritv he worked for several years, carefully saving his earnings, for he had made up his mind to cross the ocean to America. On the 26th of May, 1854, he boarded a sailing vessel and after several weeks spent in tossing on the ocean was landed safe and sound in New York harbor. He came west to Seneca county. Ohio, and found employment on a farm and was thus employed for several years, saving his wages and getting ready to buy a farm for himself. He finally con- cluded that it is best for man not to live alone, and therefore took unto himself a wife : 5 .s COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. in the person of Miss Sarah Beele, by whom was born one child, Frank, now deceased. He came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, in January. 1862. His wife having died, he married Miss Margaret Human and by her has two children: Amos, born in [868, and Ella, born July 3, 1874, both unmarried and living with their parent-. Both children havi educations and are progressive and aspiring. When Mr. Ring first came to this country lie had only thirty dollars in the world, but since that time he has steadily forged ahead in the race of life. He first bought sixty acres of land in the woods, for which he paid two hundred dollar- down and owned four hundred and fifty dollars. He paid the latter by install- ment- as it became due. He cleared the little farm and made the improvements. He kept buying more land and now owns over one hundred and eighteen acres, all of which is as good as there is in the township. Be- sides this he has saved six thousand dol- lars. He has reason to be proud of his suc- cess in life and of his good name. Every- body holds him in the highest respect. His family are members of the Lutheran church and he contributes liberally to the support of the ministry. He is a Demi icrat and takes much interest in political affair-. He can say with truth. "1 have lived an honest life and have done my whole duty." METC \LI-'E BECK, Deceased. One of the early pioneer merchant- of Leesbur.-. Kosciusko county. Indiana, was the late Metcalfe Beck, who was not only a facti r 1 1 ci nsiderable importance in the de- velopment of the young city, but who at his death lett the impress of his vigorous mentality on the youngef members of a community who grew to maturity almost entirely within the years 1 ver which his own recollection- extended, covering a I 1 I over sixty years. To be brief, he was born in the parish of Thornwaite, in ; the we-t riiling of Yorkshire, England, March 1 7, 1812, came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, about 1835, and here died < >Ctober 15, 1896, being then eighty-four years, six months and twenty-eight days old. The parent- of Metcalfe Beck were quite well-to-do farming people in Eng- land, and when nine year- old he came to America with his father, lauding in New York city July u. 1821. In 1825 the fam- ily came as far west as Wooster, Ohio, where Metcalfe attended a common school one year, and the three following years studied the German tongue, familiarizing himself sufficiently well in this language as to qualify himself for a sale-man to pur- chasers who could understand German only. At Wooster, Ohio, he carried on the gro- cery trade for a short time, then sold out, and on June 29, [835, arrived in Kosci- usko county. Indiana. He clerked for James Comstock about a year at Leesburg, it being then the only town in the county, and then became proprietor of the store. He conducted it until [863, and then -old it to the late Edward Moore, he himself coin- in- to Warsaw. Metcalfe Beck was first joined in mar- riage December 22. 1S36, by Judge Com- stock, to Miss Eunice, eldest daughter of the Judge; but Eunice did not live long, and April 18, 1857, Mr. Beck married his second wife. Catherine Lewis, who died ^eZ^^^f4^> COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 259 May 22, [867, at the "1 Ionic on the Hill- side," at Danville, New York, whither sin: had been taken for treatment during her last illness. The third marriage of Mr. Beck was to Sarah, daughter of Rev. J. P. Styken. She was born near Trenton. Xew York, April 10, 1837, of Huguenot de- scent, and still survives. She most tenderly cared for her husband during his last ill- ness, and, indeed, during the last decade of "his life was almost a constant attendant at his bedside, administering comforts to him that excited the admiration and won the wannest congratulations of his many friends. Mr. Beck had long felt a strong desire to revisit the scenes of his youth, and in May, 1869, accompanied by his son Hud- son (since deceased), he made a trip to his native Yorkshire, as well as to* Scotland; later they went to France, where they were greatly impressed with the magnificence of Paris. From there they went to Boston, Massachusetts, en route for home. While abroad they wrote many descriptive letters as to their journeyiugs, which were pub- lished in the Daily Times, of Warsaw, and were eagerly read by their many friends. To the first marriage of Metcalfe Beck were born: Mary E., now the wife of William Binns ; Fludson, a biography of whom is given on another page; and Vic- toria, widow of Edward Moon. To the last marriage was born one son, who died when but eighteen months old, the love and affection of the father being concentrated upon him to the last, and the tender side of his nature showing at its best when at play with the little boy whose childish sports and caprices he enjoyed without reserve. Gen. Reuben Williams, editor of the Daily Times, in commenting on the character of Mr. Beck, had this to say: "From his boy- hood days to the hour of his death I was intimately acquainted with Mr. Beck; in- deed, we were more than acquaintances, for a friendship unbroken existed that we look back upon now with pleasure, its intimacy beginning as it did with a great disparity between our ages. His advice and encoiir- agement to us in the earlier struggles con- sequent upon the founding of the Northern Indianian helped much to sustain us in our efforts; and, knowing him, as we did, quite intimately, we are fully aware that some people are wrong in their estimate of his character. "He was one of the most methodical men we ever knew. In pioneer days, owing to his knowledge of legal and business affairs, he was often called upon to draw up contracts, make deeds, take mortgages, etc., for neighbors and friends, and when such a thing as a blot on the paper or a word had to lie stricken out, with his skill- ful penmanship he would do this in a way so ornamental that the error would appear to have been done intentionally. "Exact in business, he demanded, as he invariably paid, the last penny due; yet he was much more liberal when his judgment sanctioned than even his warmest and most intimate friends ever knew. An anecdote will illustrate: His whole heart and soul went out, at the very beginning, in favor ■of saving the Union from; dissolution. In the company from this county were fifteen young men from Leesburg and vicinity, When drawn up- in line for marching for- ward to join the regiment he presented each with a five-dollar gold piece, saying that it would serve them for personal ex- penses." Mr. Beck came here with the first set- 26o COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. tiers, who camped for nearly a year in the vicinity of Leesbnrg, awaiting the day fixed by the government for the entering of land, and was consequently well acquainted with all the peculiar characters both of the whites and Indians that are always to be found on the skirts of civilization, and. hav- ing a gi i d memory, could in later years re- late a great many incidents that happened in the pioneer days. Metcalfe Beck was a true Christian. He united with the First Presbyterian church of Warsaw February 20, 1N72. and was a conscientious communicant through- out the remainder of his life, but would never accept an official position in the church or elsewhere. When Mr. Beck had reached his twenty-first year Judge G'lii- Stock laid his hand on the former's head and said: "Stick to your business and let 1 iffice alone. 1 have gone through it and it is simply a thing of vain honor." The last ride .Mr. Beck took was to visit the grave of his old boyhood friend, John Hamilton, who had come to Warsaw for his health, or to \i si t Chicago Hill, as the Hamilton place is now called, but died shortly afterwards. On the last drive, on getting to the foot of the declivity. Joe Foote, his driver, helped him step by step up the hill till he reached the Hamilton grave. There they found that the tomb- St< ne had fallen, which greatly grieved Mr. Beck, a- it forcibly reminded him of his own appri aching end. Mr. F. B. Myers, also an Englishman who had trav- eled with Mr. Beck, likewise became one of the latter's closest friends. Although. before marriage. Mr. Beck was thought t- be somewhal deficient in tenderness, his after life showed that the reverse was the case, as the deep love for his wife and his sons, Edward M. and Hudson, and his many warm and lasting friendships fully proved. Mr. Beck brought with him from Eng- land his grandfather's Bible and with its contents was not at all unfamiliar, and this holy book he bequeathed to his grandson. Albion Beck. Mr. Beck was also in pos- session of his grandfather's watch, which he brought with him from England, and it i- a relic highly valued by the family. He committed to' memory the twelfth chapter of Ecclesiastes, and on one occasion when called upon for a speech repeated Agur's prayer (Proverbs 30:7-10). It was his in- variable practice, also, to lead in family prayer. The old buildings of Mr. Beck on the homestead are still left intact, even to the familiar old hunting stove he had used in cooking the g"ame he killed when sport- ing in the woods. In March. 1876, Mrs. Heck gathered a class of one hundred children who habitu- ally attended the meetings at the old white Presbyterian church edifice and there was started the first young people's meeting, which has since l>een merged into the So- ciety of Christian Endeavor, each attend- ant being presented with a medal. She has ever been a hard worker in the cause of Christianity and has attended a number of large assemblages of church-w > rkers, and is stil] revered by her neighbors for her gi k k1 w« rks. JEROME HARRISON BOXES. It seems there is no start in life which SO well prepares a man for his future career as the boyhood years spent on the farm. In this respect Jerome H. Lones, the trusted COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 261 agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- pany at Warsaw, a man of versatile inter- ests, being an up-to-date stock breeder and a promoter and stockholder in various pub- lic enterprises, was fortunate. He was born three and one-half miles north of Bucyrus, Ohio, August 20, 1853. His parents were Harrison and Celia Ann (Benson) Lones. In 1854 they removed, by way of the Mad river road, the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, to Iowa,/ but soon re- turned and located on a farm in Wyandot county, Ohio. His father died when he was six years old and the mother moved with her two daughters and son to Marsailles, Ohio', where he attended school until twelve years of age, when they returned to the farm. Bereft of a father when so young, as the only son he early grew into the respon- sibilities of the head of the family and be- tween the ages of fourteen and nineteen had full charge of the affairs of the farm. Thus the young man was in training for the larger duties and responsibilities of later years. These years of practical experience only whetted his taste for learning and he now- entered the National Normal School at Ada, Ohio, his mother removing to that place in order that each of her children might enjoy the advantages of the school. The follow- ing June his mother died. During the win- ter of the coming year he taught his first school at Kenton, Ohio. Wishing to still better prepare himself for the business of life, he then took a course of study in the Iron City Business College in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The following summer was spent in improving the farm and; making repairs with a view to selling, which was done. A desire for railroad business had be- gun to possess him and later he came to Ft. Wayne, where he applied for an agency, but learned that to hold such a position it was necessary for him to be a practical oper- ator. He sought other employment, but with little success and after a few weeks was willing to take any position offered, and ac- cepted a position as brakeman on a freight train on the central division of the Pitts- burg & Ft. Wayne Railroad. His earnest desire to excel was soon recognized and within a year he was given a place in the freight office at Ft. Wayne. Later he had charge of the freight department of the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad in the Pennsylvania office and was next made as- sistant cashier for that office. However, he still desired an office of his own and, having well prepared himself for such a position by this previous training, on the 28th of Au- gust, 1883, he was appointed agent for the Pennsylvania Railroad Companv at War- saw and on the 30th of the same month took charge of the office. Air. Lones' worth as manager of the company's interests was recognized in as- signing him to so important a place, for the office was a good one even then and there were prospects for a larger increase in busi- ness with the opening and improvement of the county. Although the regular salary- was but forty dollars a month, there was a handsome commission on sales of tickets, this alone increasing the salary in some months to from one hundred and twenty- five to three hundred dollars per month. After the inter-state commerce law went into effect this custom was discontinued and since then the office has not afforded such good returns. The office now requires a force 262 COMPENDIUM 01 IRAPHY. md two op< The business formerly done was largely in live k. timber, lumber and ice, but, with the changing interests of the county, the cl freights has changed, the present bu ;s being mor< of merchandise and manufactured products. Mr. Lones himself has been one of the foremost men in brii ing about some of these conditions. Twelve years ago he, in company with A. < >. *. atlin and O. 11. Mathews, had some experience in profitable investment in Iowa lands, his companions buying the famous Alexander Mitchell farm. Selling to advantage, he again invested in a tract of about eight hun- dred acres, which he sold during the next three years at a great profit, generally doub- ling; where lie had bought for fifteen dol- lars, he sold for thirty dollars. Six years secured a tract of three hundred and sixty acres of what was then almost worth- less land near Warsaw and which he sel about to make valuable by suitable drainage. In order to secure the proper fall of water it was necessary to have the main channel the Tippecanoe river straightened, which was done by the co-operation of many other citizens, the course of the river being short- ened about live miles. Ditches cut to Little Pike lake lowered that body about four f( which enabled them to drain all the low land, making excellent farms of what was before hut little more than worthless swamp. The reclaiming of this land was a public benefit by ridding the vicinity of a miasmia- breeding marsh ami by increasing the value surrounding land. < me of the best stock farms i- the result of this effort, to which the name of Lake Glen Stock Farm. Here Mr. Lones' faculty for di whatever he does well i- in evidence. He . herd of fifty very excellent thor bred Aberdeen Angus cattle. Shropshire sheep are also bred here and to the details of all breeding Mr Lones d< tes hi- per- attention, subverting it only to tl i mands of his office. Oni : the first enterprises of public which he was one of the organ- was the People's Loan & Savings As- sociation of Warsaw, of which he ha- been vice-president since it- organization. Dr. Burket i- the able president In January. [900, the officers of this association 01 ized the Indiana Loan & Trust Company, of which Mr. Lones i- vice-president. In De- cember, 1900, the Warsaw Canning Factory incorporated, with a capital of twenty thousand dollar-, of which he i- one of the principal stockholders and it- president. As in other t! in lodge work. Mr. Lones could he satisfied with nothing hut the highest rank and stands a thirty- second-degree Mason, holding relation to the Indiana Consistory at Indianapolis; Ft. Wayne Lodge <-i Perfection; and Darius Council at Ft. Wayne. He is high priest, a- well a- pa-t high priest, of the Warsaw Chapter, I\. A. M.. and past eminent com- mander and present prelate of the Warsaw Commandery, K. T. He and his wife were charter members of local chapter of the ( >rder of Eastern Star, he being pa-t worthy patron and she past worthy matron. Mr Lones was married, in [878, at Ft. Wayne, to Miss Jennie Logan, who was horn and reared in that city. In |*ilitics Mr. Lones i- a stanch Republican, and an energetic exponent of the principles of his party. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. '63 BENJAMIN F. DAY. It is no doubt true that of all countries of the world Ireland has sent more emi- grants t" the United States in proportion to population than any other country, and the reason is well known. For hundreds of years the Emerald Isle has been denied many of its most sacred privileges by Great Britain, and the self respect and pride of the people were ground into the dust. The only way to avoid this was by emigrating to the free soil of the United States, where the Irishman could have an equal chance in the battle of life. The grandfather of subject, John Day. was a native of old Ireland and emigrated first to England and then to the United States about the time of the Revo- lutionary war. He enlisted in the army of Washingti m and assisted the colonies in ob- taining their independence. He served as a private, was in a number of important move- ments of the armies and finally was honor- ably mustered out. At the close of the strug- gle he came west and settled in Ohio and there lived the remainder of his days. In Ohio he married Elizabeth Ballanger, who was a native of Ohio, and by her had six children, as follows: Bryan D., Jacob E., Axie. Huston, Jesse, Joseph and Lydia. John Day was a typical Irishman and a gen- uine pioneer. His son Joseph grew up on his father's farm and selected that occupa- tion for his life's work. Upon reaching man- hood he wedded Miss Lydia Hyatt, a na- tive of North Carolina, and by her had eight children, as follows: Benjamin, subject; Elizabeth, who became the wife of George Reese and is deceased: Rachel, who died in early Womanhood; William, who died when a young man. was never married; John, who married Ella Rush, now deceased. and lives in Grant county: Alfred, who died when a boy : Ella, who married Edwin W Is and resides in Illinois; Ida, unmar- ried. Benjamin F. Day was born in Grant county, Indiana, October 4, 1844. He grew to man's estate on his father's farm and se- cured a fair education. He remained on the Grant county farm until about the age of twenty years, when he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred ami Eighteenth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served as a private for six months. He then returned to Grant county, and soon afterward again enlisted, this time in Company 1). Eighth Indiana Volunteer Cavalry. Under his first enlistment he was in several skirmishes, and in his last service he fought at Greensln r- ough, Raleigh, Nashville, Franklin and many skirmishes. He was neither wounded m ir taken prisoner, but was in the hospital one week. He was mustered out July 20, 1865, and now draws a pension of ten dol- lars per month. After the war he resumed farming on his father's farm in Grant coun- ty. In 1867 he wedded Miss Mary J. Will- hike and by her has four children : Edward, who married Leona Daily and lives in Grant county; Joseph, deceased; Lillie I., who married Dallas Bay and lives in Grant county: Clayton died in infancy. His first wife dying in 1879, ne married Mrs. Mary ( Benbow ) Criswell. and by her has two chil- dren : Thomas, who lives in Grant county, and Spritz Xellie. who also lives in Grant c< unity. His second wife dying, he mar- ried Mrs. Lucinda (Robinson) Miller, his present wife, in March. 1893. ^' le vvas the widow of Gilford Miller. Three children were born to this union: Elza. deceased; Nora A., who lives with her father: Everett, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY who married I ora Limebaugh and livi Peru, Indiana, and is the father of one child, Burdette, born April i. 1894. Mr. Day has a fine farm and is in comfortable circum- stances. He is a Republican and takes much interest in his party's success. He and his wife arc |>eople of undoubted high respect- ability. JOHN M. MILLER. [f there is one thing which distinguishes the American business man over thi any other country it is the facility with which any and all occupations arc readily taken up by him and made successful. In the older countries it was customary for the son to follow the father's pursuit. "Follow your father, my sen. and do as your father 1i;ls dune." was a maxim which all sons were expected to adopt. It is in such countries as the United States that full swing can be given to the energies of the individual. A man ma\ choose any business >t profession he desires, ami he is limited only by com- petition, lie must meet the skiil of others and give as good service as they or he will nol gel the |>.'siti.piis. Such adaptation to any work or business is well shown in the early career of the subject of this sketch, lie turned his hand t" many things and proved that farming was not the only occu- pation which he could make successful. lie was ix>rn in Ober-Kalbach, Germany, Maj 30, 1837, an«l is the son of Nicholas and Elizabeth ( N ost 1 Miller, both parents being also natives of that country. The fa- ther was a miller in truth, as his name in- dicates, and for man} years ran a grist-mill, but in connection with the same also con- ducted the operations of farming. Both parents were people of more than ordinary intelligence and both had good educati in their native tongue. The father took a verv active part in the movements of the Re- formed church and was a man of much in- fluence ami prominence in that country. The issue of his marriage was as follows: Elizabeth, who married in Germany an now deceased; Catherine married in Ger- man) ami is also deceased: Anna, who mar- ried Nicholas Ommert and lives in G many; Nicholas, deceased; Nicholas, Jr., de- ceased; John M.. subject. The latter was the youngest of the family, and he and his sister Anna are the only ones living. John remained with his father on the farm until he had attained the age of nineteen years. During his youth he attended the schools of the country, and received a good education in German and Latin, and in this respect was pretty well prepared for the duties life. He had heard of the great country across the Atlantic and in early manh determined to go there, believing that he could improve his condition. So on August 27, [856, he boarded a sailing \essel and on tober i<>. [856, was landed in New York harlior. He came west at once and stopped at Cleveland. < ttlio, where he hired out to a blacksmith for sj x dollars per month. He knew his services were worth more than that small sum. hut he must gel a start and was willing to do anything at first. The next spring he was offered fourteen dollars per month to remain with the blacksmith, hut refused, and came on to Indiana, landing at aw where he secured a job on the rail- road at one dollar ami fifteen cents a day. In the fall of same year he went to Ft. Wayne and began working at the wagon trade, hut COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 265 ere long returned to this county and began working at the carpenter's trade, continuing the same for a number of years, at the end of which time he began to contract for him- self. All this shows in a marked degree his skill in adapting his energies to anything that will give him a profit. In other words, it shows him t< 1 he a good business man. From that day to this he has built scores of buildings in this section of the count}'. When he first came to Warsaw he had twelve dollars and fifty cents. He now has one hundred and sixty acres of excellent land, and has made the whole of it himself except <>ne hundred and fifty dollars which he received from home. In the spring of (863, March 8. he married Miss Lena Ha- inan, who is of Germanic descent, her par- ents having come from that country a num- ber of years before. She was born October 21, 1838. The issue of this marriage was two children, as follows: Anna E., born December 10. 1863, living with her parents, and Catherine, born April 12, 1870, who is the wife of Amber D. Sands and lives in Seward township. The family belongs to the Lutheran church, in which Mr. Miller is an active member and deacon. In politics he is a conservative Democrat and his prom- inence is shown by the fact that on several occasions he has l>een named by his party 6 >v a >unty commissioner, but as the county is strongly Republican he went down with his party to defeat. On two occasions he was defeated for township trustee by a very low majority. He made no canvass to se- cure the position. He is the present actuary of the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company of this county, which position takes much of hi- time at present. But it shows the recog- nized ability, high character and standing of Mr. Miller. Mr. Miller has at various times since 1863 acted in the capacity of guardian and as administrator of estates, and in these capacities has handled thou- sands of dollars' worth of property, to the thorough satisfaction of the beneficiaries. He has also served as a juror a number of times. SILAS M. ROBINSON. It is the pride of the citizens of this coun- try that there is no limit to which natural ability, industry and honesty may not as- pire. A boy born in ignorance and poverty and reared under the most adverse surround- ings may nevertheless break from his fetters and rise to the highest station in the land. And the qualities do not have to be of tran- scendant character to enable him to accom- plish this result. It is more the way he does it and his skill in grasping the opportunities presented than to any remarkable qualities possessed by him. Accordingly it is found that very often in this country the president, governor and other high public officials pos- sess no higher ability than thousands of other citizens. They have simply taken bet- ter advantage of their circumstances than their fellows. And this truth runs through every occupation. The farmer who rises above his fellow farmers does so by taking advantage of conditions which others over- look or fail to grasp. The family repre- sented by subject has always been classed with the best and thriftiest of the county in point of skill in farming and stock raising. Silas M. Robinson was born in Seward township, Kosciusko county, July 31, i860, his parents being Andrew and Rebecca COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. (Paxton) Robinson. In the spring of 1838 tin.- Robinson family came from Kentucky to Tippecanoe county, Indiana, and thence to Kosciusko county, where the grandfa- ther had bought one hundred and sixty acres of wild land. The Paxton family came from Ohio to Indiana in 1841. Both fam- ire "i English descent and peop much respectability. Andrew Robinson and Rebecca Paxton met. loved and were mar- ried in 1850. To them three children were hum. two -"ii- and one daughter: Lucinda R. became the wife of Gilford I'.. Miller, after whose death she married Benjamin F. Day and resides on the west eighty of the .>ld farm: Lyman \\\. who married Mi- Sally Miller, live- in Akron. Indiana; Silas M.. subject. The latter ha- always lived "ii .1 farm and on the "Id "lie which his grandfather entered from the government nearly three-quarters of a centurj ago. He secured, in youth, a common-school educa- tion and learned early t" handle the ax and plow. In 1882 he concluded, as did the e, that it wa- ii"i gi od For man to live alone, so he determined t" take unto himself a wife, which he did in the person of Miss Amanda E. Richards, a young lady of many graces and accomplishments. To this mar- one child, Mand M.. wa- born July 5. 1883. She ha- now passed the eighth grade in school. His first wife having died in February, 1*04. Mr. Robinson -elected for In- second wife Mr-. Viola Kryder, widow of John Kryder. and t" this marriag child was born: Leora, born June 14. Mr-. Robinson wa- born in Stephi county, Illinois, January _•<>. [863, and i- a daughter of Enos S. and Catharii 1 Babb) Rees. The latter couple were the parents of six children, two sons and four daughters, of whom five are vet living, three* in Illinois and two in Indiana. Enos S. Rees wa- born in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, ■her 1. 1838, and i- yet living. He f lowed farming, hut ha- been during his later year- a minister in the Lutheran Evangeli- cal church. In jx-litics he i- a Democrat. Hi- wife wa- horn in Muncy. Pennsylvania, A|>ril 21, I1S40. and is a member of the Lutheran church. Mr. Robinson ha- a fine farm of eight) an excellent • ck of all kinds, l>ein.y judge 1 >f tine Stock. Hi 1 >f the r. enterprising farmer- of the county and has om for table home. He was at one time a member of the United Brethren church, while his wife i- a member of the Methodist Episcopal denomination. Il< Tent X". 57, K. O. T. M., at Akr"ti. Indi- ana, in which he carries life insurance. He i- a Republican and take- an appreciative interest in politics. Mr. Robinson has in his I parchment deed, dated July 5. 1837, and signed bj President Mar- tin Van Buren, which was for land entered by William Robinson, the grandfather of the subject. ♦ ■ » [RVIN 1'.. V\ EBBER. Indiana has been especially honored in the character and career of her public and al men. In every county there are t>. he found, rising above their fellows, individual- born t" leader-hip in the various tions and pr 3, men who domi- nate not alone by superior into e and natural endowment hut by natural fori character which minimizes discoui ments and dare- great undertakings. Such -zrur; COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 267 uen are by no means rare and it is always able to study their lives, weigh their 11. tives and hold up their achievements as ncentives to greater activity and higher ex" ellence on the part of others just entering ipon their first struggles with the world. [Tiese reflections are suggested by the areer of one who has forged his way to he front ranks of the favored few and who \ a stn ng inherent force and superior prof- essional ability, directed by intelligence nd judgment of a high order, stands to- ay among the representative men of Kos- iusko county and northern Indiana. It is oubtful if any citizen of this part of the tate lias achieved more honorable mention r < ccupied a mi re conspicuous place in the rofession which he represents than Irvin \. Webber, a leading physician and sur- eon of Warsaw, to a brief epitome of hose life the reader's attention is here- ith respectfully invited. Dr. Webber is descended from an old )hio family that figured in the early pio eer history of Mahoning and Portage unities. lli> father. John Webber, was Dm in the northeastern part of that state I [8ll, and the mother, who here the laiden name of Luanda Stall, first saw the ght of day one year later. They were tarried in Mahoning county and subse- uently settled in the county of 1'ortage, f which they were early pioneers. John Webber purchased a tract of wild land. p. n which he erected a rude log cabin nd for a number of years thereafter la- red industriously, clearing his farm and taking a home for himself and these de- endent upon him. He was honorable in II of his relations, a successful agricultur- it, and. although quiet and unobtrusive in eineanor was a man of strong mentality 16 and wide ami varied information. He was a pronounced Republican in politics ami always lain red earnestly for the success of his party, hut never aspired to office or pub- lic distinction. He lived a long and useful life 1 11 the old homestead in Portage coun- ty, always enjoyed the esteem and confi- dence of his fellow- citizens and at his death left as a heritage to his family a name un- tainted by the slightest suspicion of any- thing dishonorable. His death occurred February 17, 1881. The Doctor's mother is still living, hav- ing reached the remarkable age of ninety years. She retains in a marked degree the pi 3S< "i,,n of her bodily powers and mental faculties, and is noted for her beautiful Christian character and sterling qualities of head and heart. She has long been zeal* >us in religious work and from early youth her daily life has been a practical exemplifica- tion of the sincerity of her Christian faith. At the present time she lives among her children, who are unremitting in their efforts to make the remainder of her earthly pilgrimage pleasant and agreeable, sparing no kindly attentions or loving ministra- tions. John and Lucinda Webber were the parents of five children: Edwin L., de- ceased; Lydia J., who married William Cleverly and resides in the town of At- water. Portage county. Ohio; Selden, a hardware merchant of Warsaw; Irvin B.. of this review; and Charles, wdio died in childhi 1 id. Dr. Irvin 1!. Webber was born at Deer- field, Portage county, Ohio, on the 31st day of March, [846. Blessed with excellent parental training, he early formed correct habits which had a decided influence in moulding his character and shaping his future a urse of conduct, and his childho d 268 COUl'E.XI'lCM OF BIOGRAPHY. and youthful year- sped awaj i n the farm. that fruitful soil from which have sprung the moral bone and sinew i f the land. Dame !■'• rtune cast no glittering favi rs in liis pathwa\ and at an early age he was obligi ear his part in cultivating the tributing supp rt i f the family. This free, wholesome life, in touch with nature, was not without salu- tary influence, as it taught him the valuable I independence and self-reliance which have always been among his mosl marked characteristics. Jn the district ' of his neighborh 1 he acquired a knowledge < f the elementary branches equently, when fourteen years old, he entered the high - il Alliance, where for some time he pursued an advanced ci urse i f study. Actuated by a laudable desire ti add t< his scholastic attainments, he Still later attended an excellent - I at Randolph, after which, at tl i .enteeu. he began teaching in his the Ci 011 Shi rtlj after entering up' n his duties m the school n i m the Docti r resigned h\< n fi r the purp se i f entering the army, enlisting in January. [865, in I pany H, One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until September following, lli- mil- itary experiet i l principall) o\ guard duty, the regiment being assigned to " the N'adnille & Chattana ga railroad and ti prevent the enemj from interfering with that line "f communication. Receiving nis discharge, the Doctor returned ti Port- esumed the work of ti thus engaged ab< ut one year when he became a student of Oberlii which institution he attended until the fall , 1 [866. Being offered the superin- tendency 1 f the public schi anal Ful- ton, a I n of Stark county, he left d during the ensuing two years filled that pjsition with credit to himself and satisf; ill 1 cerned. 1 le ach an enviable reputation, both as instri and school manager, and had he seen lit to ■ hi- life to educational work would doubtless have achieved distinction in that imp. rtant field. When a mere yi nth Dr. Webber mani- fested a decided preference for the medical and while teaching formulated for carrying out a desire of long stand- ome a physician. During hi- va- cations he read medical work- a- opportuni- ties all' rded and the mi ney earned by his servici superintendent enabled him t.> that position ami devote hi- time ex- clusively to study. Entering the offici Drs. Belding and Waggoner at Ravenna, Ohio, he prosecuted hi- studies and re- les until 181 8, in the fall of which year he entered the medical department of the L'niversitj of Michigan. After remaining at that instituti car he attended, dur- ing the winter of [869-70, tin i Medicine and Sureery at Cincinnati, com- pleting the prescribed course and receiving his degree in February of the latter year. With a mind well disciplined by intellectual and 1 nal training, Dr. Webber, on the 1 -t day of April, 1870, opened an of- fice in Warsaw and entered upon the active practice < i his pri fession. Hi- abilities in In- chosen calling were not 1< ng in being and appreciated and within a comparatively brief period he succeeded in building up a lucrative practice. The 1 >• C a man of marked ability and today i- recognized a- one of the most eminent COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 269 physicians and surgeons in northern Indi- ana, also standing in the front rank of his compeers throughout the entire state. His watchfulness over the interests and the wel- fare of his patients, his devotion to the pro fession, his sound judgment and good sense, with other equally meritorious qualities, combine to complete his acknowledged fit- ness for his calling. His adaptability for the position of family physician is excelled by none and equalled by few. and his inter- course with his felluw men is such that his conduct commands the respect and confi- dence of all. llis practice has been profes- sionally and financially successful, and he ha-- gained an ample competence, besides achieving a reputation much more than local. At the present time he is one of the oldest resident physicians in Warsaw, but his pow- ers are still in the zenith of their usefulness and there yet remain to him many years in which to minister to humanity and alleviate the sufferings to which the race is subject. Dr. Webber was married at Owatonna, Minnesota, on the 21st of May, 1874, to Miss Jennie M. Wilson, whose birth oc- curred in this county May 22, 1885. the daughter of Rev. William S. and Margar- etta (Craig) Wilson. They have three sons : Roy I., born August 27, 1876; John W., horn July 29, 1879; Edwin M., who first saw the light of day April 18, 1889. k<>\ I. Webber was graduated from Purdue University, Lafayette, and is now an accom- plished civil engineer of Sewickley, Pennsyl- vania; John W. is engaged in the insurance business at Warsaw, and Edwin M., who is a student, is still under the parental roof. Dr. Webber keeps in close touch with the trend of modern thought relating to medical science, has a fine library and is much re- ferred to by his professional brethren of Warsaw and elsewhere. As a member of the Kosciusko County Medical Society he has done much to advance the standard of excellence among the physicians and sur- geons in this part of the state, and has taken a prominent part in the deliberations of that body. As a member of the Indiana Medical Society he has met the leading men of. the profession throughout the state, among whom his reputation has long been known and duly appreciated. In addition to the above two organizations he holds member- ship with the American Medical Society and for some years has been identified with the Big Four Railroad Association as one of its representative surgeons. At the present time the Doctor is secretary of the local board of pension examiners and holds a similar position with the Warsaw city board of health. From 1S90 to 1899 he served as secretary of the board of school trustees of Warsaw, in all of which his duties have been discharged in a manner calculated to add to his high professional repute. Dr. Webber is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has risen to a high rank, having served as grand com- mander of the Knights Templars of Indiana in 1 89 1. He also served as grand patron of the Order of Eastern Star and has been en- thusiastic and untiring in his efforts to pro- mote the interests of the various depart- ments of the orders with which he is con- nected. In politics he is a decided Repub- lican, always ready to support and defend his political convictions. He is active in his party, acting always from principle and not from aspirations for office or political pre- ferment. Sometimes he sees fit to differ from party leaders, in which instances he 2/0 COMPE.XDIUM .R.ll'IlY. claims the pri f supporting men and measures only when in his judgment they secure the best inten the whole people, lit- is bold and independ- ent in character, resolute in purpose and only yields to dictation from • >tliers when such a course mei approval and es worthy em \)r. Webl er is a firm believer in revealed religion and, with his wife ;.n enjoj the spirit of good cheer and he enter- tamed by the charm of their pres< conversation. ( >f Dr. Webber personally it ma i man ol ind active sympathies; hi- temperament i- warm and ardent, his feelings deep and intense and these and other attractive characteristics have unconsci drawn to him an unusual number i friend- upon whom, under all circumst; he can rely. He : Student of human nature and comprehends with little effort the motives ami purp> men. A truth, he hypocrisy in all of its ph i him an especial abomination. In brief, he i- a man- ly man. of pi ut dignified presi a profound student of many subjects and a kader in the pr< - to which his life r and unflaj lustry and energj he tip a position and dis- tinction and stands today a conspicuous ample of symmetrically developed, sm ful American manh 1. lie the noted physicians and - 5 of northern Indiana and his e of the state's representative - cheerfulh d by all who know him. EPHRAIM \\ EL] In reading over the record of the of many prominent citizens one becomes im- ed with the fact that certain families -how at the outset their strong inch: toward hooks and learning rally. Among the farming community it is the rule and not the exception to find ordinary edu- cations, hut occasional!} a famil) i- met with that rise- above the otlu-r> in the education and the capacity to grasp the larger questi ns of mental improvement. Such a family is that of the subject of this memoir. He was born in Miami county. < >hio. November i i. 1839, and i- the child of William 1'. and Almyra 1 Trueax 1 Wells, the father's family hailing originally from nia and the mother'- from Maryland. grandfather was Levi Well-, a ma unusual capacity — a genius, in short. He married, in Virginia, a Mi-- Sinn. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 271 to them fifteen children were born. He ex- hibited his oratorical ability in early man- hood and later became an exhorter of the Methodist Episcopal church and was a man of sincere piety and great personal worth. lie studied and practiced medicine and was as successful in that difficult profession as in the ministry. In connection with his duties, he kept a store and was in many ways the leader of his section in thought and motive. He also owned a farm and carried on husbandry to a considerable extent. His sun. William P., was reared under these excellent influences and bene- fited by them. He grew to manhood on his father's farm and early married Miss Trueax and to them the following children were In n'n : Levi, who died in infancy; Ephraim, subject; Martha J., who became the wife of Benjamin Keesey, and after his death, the wife of George Michaels, of Lake township; Harriett K. married Peter Clem- tner and is deceased : Xancy E.. who married William Clemmer and lives in Mentone, In- diana : Anna, who became the wife of Will- iam Caldwell and lives in Clay township; Esther, who married Henry Left'el and re- side- in Wayne township. William P. Wells moved from Miami county. Ohio, in November, 1X41), and bought a farm in Lake township. Like his father, he also was a minister of the gospel, but his church was different, being the United Brethren. He hed about thirty years and for about fifteen years was an itinerant. He possessed much of the tine oratorical ability of his fa- ther, and was a man of great usefulness and high character, his life being filled with good deeds, mostly unknown to his neigh- bors. At ten years of age the subject 1 this memoir was bn ugfht to this county bv his father. He attended the common schools and was very apt. managing to easily master the common branches at an early age. At the age of twenty-one years he began teach- ing in the common schools and for twenty- four years continued to lie thus employed. He became probably the most proficient teacher in the county, and held the highest license granted by the county superintend- ent. He took special instruction for teach- ing from the high school in Warsaw, and from the Methodist Episcopal college at Ft. Wayne. At one time he held a position in the public schools of Silver Lake. His methods of instruction anticipated in many ways the excellent usages and ideas of the present day. His high moral character, fine scholarship, advanced ideas and splen- did discipline made him the leading edu- cator of the county, not excepting one. He has been three times married, his third wife being Mrs. Jennie ( Funk ) Widener, who presented him with two children: Aaron, who died in infancy, and Edna, born Decem- ber 11, 1SS3, who will complete the fresh- man year in 1902 in Otterbein University, at Westerville, Ohio. She has a fine musical education, 'which she is still further improv- ing. Being their only living child, it is the intention of the parents to give her the best education obtainable. Mr. Wells has an ex- cellent farm and raises grain and good grades of stock. His wife is a prominent worker in the farmers' institutes. Both are earnest and consistent people, filled with the love of life ami hope for the future. Mr. \\ ells is a sterling Republican, having cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, and takes great interest in the success of his party. He is one of the strongest workers for party success in the county, and wields great in- 272 COMPENDIUM OF BUn'.R.irUY. fluence through his high character and per- sonality. In the fall of [884 he was the can- didate of his party for county commissioner, and was easily ck-ctcd and continued to serve with distinction for ten years, Iiis election and re-elections attesting the confidence of his fellow citizens in Ms judgment and honor. The family are members of the United Brethren church, of which lie has served as trustee and steward. 1 [e is a mem- ber of Lake View Lodge No. [64, Knights <>!' Pythias, of Silver Lake, and is one of the strong intellectual, moral and practical fac- toi - "t* the county. .M LVESTER BARBER. The subject of this memorial i- another of the old soldiers whom it gives the I ian the greatest pleasure t" place on n This should be done before it is too late to get the full particulars from their own lips. Their sacrifices were too Ot to de- ample mention in the paves of history. It meant a great deal to quit all pursuits and ff to war with the chances against him of ever coming hack, or if he came hack to do s, , with shattered health for the re- mainder of his life or in a crippled condition. But such was the chance taken willingly by Mr. Barber; in fact, he seemed to enjoy tak- ing chances for Uncle Sam. for he enlisted three several times. Let lis learn a little more about this gallant Her. He comes of mixed Scotch ami English which fact in a large measure accounts for his courage and hardihood. [lis father's people were English and his mother's were h. Subject was horn in Seward I ship. Kosciusko county. October _m. 1845, his parents being Milo R. and Marinda 0. (Butler) Barber. Grandfather Rosw Barber was a native of England and crossed the ocean to Massachusetts when he was young man. He there met and married a lady of that state and they were the parents ot the following children: Laura. Sylvia. Milo R.. Nancy and Myron. Roswell was farmer and his children were brought up a farm. Milo received a fair education an 1 upon reaching manhood married Miss But- ler. At tlu sixteen years he left his father's home and began learning the tan- ner's trade. A few years after his main; j which occurred in New York, lie started. the West and in due time landed in Warsaw, Indiana, coming as far as he could on the Wabash & Erie canal. He there secured an ox team and brought his family and house- hold goods to Kosciusko county, arriving in [838, having entered eighty acres in the dense woods. Two years later he built a log cabin on the land and placed his family therein and began to clear off the heavy tim- ber, lie was one of the first settlers in this part of the county ami at that time his place was part of a wilderness, tilled with wild animals, lie was a man of great physical Strength, and in the early times was a sup- porter of Andrew lacks, , n and the Demo- cratic party, hut upon the repeal of the Mis- iri compromise he joined the Whigs and later the Republicans, and remained with them until his death. He was the first trus- of Seward township, being appointed first and later elected, and served as such for six years. He soon became known through- out the county for his sterling qualities and was finally brought out by his party as candidate for county commissioner lie was triumphantly < such COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 273 ii six years and performing while thus en- gaged many important acts for the benefrl of the county, lie was an active member of the Presbyterian church and was a pow- er for good in his community. He lived to a great age, living with the highest respect of everybody at the age of ninety-six years, three months and sixteen days. He Became the father of eighteen children, as follows: Abi ( '.. who became the wife of Isaac Brockway and lives in Kansas: Sophronia, whn married James Reed and lives in Mar- shall county, Indiana: Charles, who married Barbara A. Hoover and is deceased, was .1 private in the Twenty-eighth [owa Infantry in the Rebellion and served three years; Myron F., who married anil lives in Ne- braska, served in the Twentieth Indiana In- fantry; Mill 1 R., fr., whn married May Ann Swalley and lives in Oklahoma, served in the Twenty-sixth, One Hundred and Thirty- eighth and ( )ne Hundred and Fifty-second Regiments Indiana Infantry: Calvin S.. whn married Hannah Dancer and lives at Newport, Nebraska, served in the Twentieth and Twenty-sixth Regiments Indiana In- fantry, in all about three and a half years ; Sylvester, subject; George, who wedded Lena Miller and is now deceased, served in the ' me Hundred and Twentieth Regiment Indiana Infantry for three years: Edwin, who wedded ^.ngie Bailey and lives in Mar- shall county, Indiana: Then m L., who mar- ried Anna Herold, lives in this township. \s will be observed above, six of the Barber boys, when the Civil war broke out, enlisted in the army and served substantially until peace was declared. They were all hardy and daring fel.ows and made ideal soldiers. They were present in nearly all the principal in. vements of the war and suffered intense!} from the severe campaigns and the hard- ships generally. Sylvester Earlier was reared upon his father's farm, receiving a fair edu- cation and learning the meaning nf hard work. At the age nf sixteen years he en- listed in Company F. Twelfth Indiana In- fantry, under Captain Reuben Williams, and served as a private for eighteen months, dur- ing which time his company participated in the battle nf Richmond, Kentucky, where he was taken prisoner and kept for three days ami was then paroled and returned to the service, subsequently fighting at Jackson, Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, etc. He then was obliged to leave the service owing to failing health and returned home, hut re- covering himself and feeling the old fire re- turn, and having regained some of his 1. st weight, which was lint eighty-four pounds when he came hack, he again enlisted, six months later, in the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment Indiana Infantry and took the held, hut was placed mi guar..! duty for one hundred days, lie again re- turned home, hut as soon as he had recov- ered himself a little he again enlisted in. the Twenty-sixth Regiment and served with the same until the end of the war. While with the last regiment he was under fire for thir- teen days at Mobile, Alabama. He was mus- tered nut at Vicksburg in December, [865, and returned to his father's farm. He 1: draws a pension nf fourteen dollars per month for the health he Inst in the service oi his country. His military record is a splendid one. showing his intense loyalty to the old flag, and his bravery in battle and his endurance in the harassing campaigns. He was only about twent) years 1 Id at the close of the war. Before he was a voter or a citi- zen in the eyes of the law he had served '■74 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. about tin sen ice i if hi- coun- try .Hi- d ami that of his brotl ■ er render sacred the family name in the ami. le United Mtcr the war lie began i" work by iter took a trip thr Michi Iowa, returning ami going to work on hi- father'- farm in 1869. The follow r he married Mi-- Clarcie K. daughter of Daniel Stevens, a pioneer of this county and an Englishman by descent. 5 him three children: Alii. who married George Rider and resides in this township; Walter, who married Amanda Roberts and lives "it hi- father'- farm; Arthur, who wedded Mi— Ida Harold and live- in Illi- nois. Hi- wife having died. Mr. Barber married, in 1SS1. Minerva J. Callahan, who nted him with one child. now Mr. Barber i- a Republican, and was elected ee in a Democratic township. In that capacity he did hi- township much § improving the schools ami schoolhouses and hening tl I year. 1 le i- a mem- ber of the United Brethren church and one of the most prominent of the county's citi- Mr. Barber has two old parchment sheepskin deeds, one bearing the dal April 1. 1N4,;. and the signature of Presi- dent John Tyler. This i- the third deed found in the county -1' Kosciusko by the genealogist and i- a valuable souvenir and relic in the Barber homestead. I \» < 11: ( )RIEN DEAT( >N. ty, ( )hio, became the meeting destined to become united and t" he the ancestors of a large and promi- I >eati n lamiK . Antnrd reunions of that family are held in Miami county, Ohio, members to the numbet hundred attending, all being tin ndmother, who, a \. with nine children, came from Bote- tourt unity. Virginia, to Clark county, in iSj'p. William, the f her children, wa- then aged fourteen, a' the youngest, w ix months "hi and is \ surviving member of that fam- ily, he still living in Clark county, Ohio. William married Catherine Leflfel, of Springfield, Ohio, and their son, Ge W.. married Frances C. Fortney, a dam ter b Fortney, who came in: m Y'>rk county, Pennsylvania, in 1835, and married into the Knoop family. of Miami county. George VV. ami Frances ( '. Deaton were the parents of Jacob < >. Deaton, who wa- born in Clark county, ( >hio, August 26, [858. The paternal and maternal grandfathers of the subject were respectively William Deaton. who in Clark county. Ohio, and Jacob Fortney, who died in Kosciusko county. Indiana, X' ivember _•. i88< 1. \\ . I teaton, the father of the im- mediate subject of this -ketch, may he d among the pioneer- of Kosciusko count), lie wa- one of the stalwart fig of his day and aided largely in the develop- ment of the beautiful and fertile section of the state. He was horn in Clark county, Ohio, October 15. 1833, one year after the if the famous I '-lack Hawk war. and cared in his native county, attaining sturdy manho d. Hi- early educ I the kind that all hoys of hi- day re- ceived, rather limited in it- scope, the three mprising the usual curriculum. How- ever, what he lacked in 1 k learning was JACOB O. DEATON FAMILY GROUP COMPENDIUM OF BIOGR.ll'IIY. 275 ompensated For b) a plentiful supply of inergy, determination and good every-day ommon sense. During- the exciting and times of the threatened secession the tome of George W. Deaton was a meeting dace for those loyal to the union and am- itious for the country's good. Under these nfluences he was imbued with the spirit of ism and gave his heart and voice in arnesl support of the union. He was dele- ated i" secure substitutes for the army, and 1 1 Si. _• assisted in raising a company. He ad followed farming as an occupation in 'lark county until 1863, when'he secured tract 'if land in Kosciusko county, Indi- n.a, the place which is now the home of his m. Jacob O. With some assistance from is father-in-law he secured two additional act>, making in all two hundred and sev- ity-five acres, ami, although as a young an he started out with very little, at the me oi his death he was in very good cir- imstances. He was a God-fearing man id < f exemplary habits, and his counsel as frequently sought by his friends and iighbors. In religion he was a devout Vie- wer in the dogmas and creed of the Meth- lisi Episcopal church, and was liberal in s support of that society. In politics he as a stanch and uncompromising Repub- •an and was earnest in his advocacy of the inciples ,,f that party. He died June 30, J78, and his remains lie buried in Mt. nt cemetery, ('lay township. His de- )ted wife also sleeps beside him in the city the dead and a beautiful stone marks ear last resting place. They were the par- its of the following children: William thin, who died December 25, 1S71 : Jacob .. whose history follows; Mary Belle died ctober 10, 1862; John K., a farmer near Claypool; Sherman S.. of Urbana, Ohio, late prosecuting attorney and a member of the state board of pardons; he attended the Ada (Ohio) normal school, was a teacher in ( ttiio and Indiana, read law and practiced in Ohio and was pronounced a successful prosecutor; Ulysses S. C. a surgeon in the Philippines, stationed in northern Luzi in, is a graduate of the Louisville Medical Col- lege; he was located in Thackery, Ohio, when he took the examination admitting him as a surgeon to the army, and was one of two out of forty who passed; he was in the Philippines with General Funston, and in 1901 received a wound; Cyrus B. owns the old homestead; Charles G. is a farmer near Claypool. At the time of his father's death Jacob I )eaton was in his twentieth year and' the re- sponsibilities of the farm fell upon hint and his mother, who was left with two hundred and seventy-five acres of land, but with seven thousand dollars indebtedness. She remained in control, being administrator, and wisely decided to stay on the farm. She was ambitious to educate her children and this appeared to her the best way to provide the means. Due to her good management and the able assistance of Jacob in five years the debt was canceled. The two sons, Sher- man S. and Grant, were sent to school, this cutting down the force on the farm to four sons, Jacob being manager. He was well fitted for these responsibilities, for his father had trained him and had placed much con- fidence in his judgment. He continued in management of the farm for seventeen years. Every means for improvement was practiced, the crops diversified and the farm Kept will stocked. The estate grew to four hundred and forty acres of land and three 2 ; 6 COMPENDIUM OF HloCR.U'HY thousand <]■ 'liar-, worth of personal pr< ertv. clear of < lc-l>t . while at his father's death the seven-thousand-dollar debt had ered abi ut all. and this is evidence »b's success. The family now desiring a division <>i their interests, the land was divided int.' m\ tract- and an amicable ad- justment of ; 11 the affairs arranged, Sher- man selling hi- share to Jacob, whose part includes the original tract secured by hi- father. In r868, when Jacob was onlj a boy, he heard speeches bj James V Logan, which appealed to him with lasting influence and in his first vote to the present time he has been a Republican and a worker along ; litical lines. From [890 to 1900 his county honored him as central committeeman. I December .}. 1900, he assumed the responsi- bilities of county commissioner for the southern district of Kosciusko county, his colleagues I vid Poor, of Etna town- ship, and Egbert Gawthrop, of Van Buren tow nshi|>. ()n the _'i-t • f August, I**.}. Mr. i ton was united in marriage with Miss M, 1 'auffman. the daughter of Rev. John (.Huff- man, an Evangelical minister who was well known in this county. The latter was lx.rn April 15. [816, and died August 8. 1889 the age of seventy-three years, three months and thirteen days. Mrs. Deaton w in Berrien county, Michigan, May 14. 1861, ared and educated in Indiana. Fi 1 al I si two decades have Mr. and Mrs. ji airney together and nobly have the) st,,„| side by side in the labor of creating their rtable home. Mrs. 1 ' e is her paradise ami her children are her pride. She is a lad) dial and pit dress and her many friends always find a heart) welcome to her >e parents are endeavoring their children good, practical educatio Their children, briefly mentioned, are as fol- lows Ge rge \\ '.. the eldest, - finished the common-school course and is now at- ling the high school. In his school work he is especially Strong in mathematics and history, him A. Logan has completed the tmination of the eighth grade in the corn- school. Florence E. is pursuing the venth <^rade and is very fond Fluella Belle is in the sixth grade and is fond of the study of language. Fern is in the fifth grade, Sherman Blaine in third grade, and Ruth Agnes and < >ri< Beverage are at home and have not yet ar- 1 ived at school ag Both Mr. and Mrs. Deaton are members of the Claypool Methodist church, of which treasurer and also a member of the hoard of trustee-, lie is a member of the its of the Maccabees, Tent X". 83, and las been an active lodge worker. Mrs. I leaton is a member of the L. O I . M.. X". 1 1 13, and is court commander. In the official capacity of county com- missioner Mr. Deaton has evidenced his high business capacity and stands well at the fn>nt as a successful overseer 1 f the county's interests. During his incumbency en erected twenty-five - arches over the streams of the county, the county buildings have been kept in a most excellent conditii n and the public highways were never in better condition than at the nt time, lie is . me of thi : men of the count) and his influence has beet ii. the advancement of the county's intei mg characteristics mark the members of the Deaton fami 11 the COMPEXDIUM OF BlOGRAl'lIY. '-77 jreat-grandmother, who. with a babe in inns and several small children, braved the lardships of a new country, down through he line of descendants who show by what hey have accomplished that they were eared in reverence of home, country and iod. The following two obituary notices are ure inserted as being especially apropos in * 'j nection with this sketch : "Eva, wife of the deceased Rev. John "auffman, was born in Juniata count}'. Vniisvlvania. March 25, [833, and died at lii' residence of her son, John Cauffman, in ilaypool, Indiana, August 29, 1897. She ras the mother of nine children, two de- eased, seven living, the names of the latter eing Michael, John, Levi, Pierce, Mealy, favina and Cora. She was converted in arly youth and in 1856 united with the hurch of the Evangelical Association, of fhich she remained a devoted and faithful •.ember until her death. When she was told hat her days were few on earth, she said 1 3 her children. 'Be good and meet me in eaven." The home and community will liss her. She leaves an aged father, seven hildren, a number of grandchildren and two p tliers and two sisters, besides relatives nd friends to mourn her departure. Her ernains were interred in Gospel Hill cem- tery. by the side of her husband, Rev. anies Wales, of Rochester, Indiana, officiat- ig." "Frances C. Deaton was born in Clark ounty, Ohio, May 5. [835, a daughter of acob ami Anna 1 Knoop) Fortner, and died • camber u. [894. She was wedded to ■ \\ 1 (eaton March 9, [856. Mr. and !rv Deaton moved to Clay township. Kos- iusko county. Indiana, in March. 1863, and located on a farm, and by industry and economy succeeded in obtaining for them- selves and family a comfortable home. The deceased entertained a happy disposition and exerted herself in making everybody comfortable around her. Ere the sunbeams fell aslant from its noonday splendor, June 30, 1878, her husband and faithful com- panion wa> called from the active duties of this life. Left as she was with her six sur- viving sons, she maintained the dignity and sobriety of a mother's station, giving to the needy and contributing to worthy and re- ligious causes. She affiliated with the Meth- odist Episcopal church and was a faithful and consistent member. She bore her suf- ferings bravely, until she was called upon to lay down the burdens of life. Her so- journ here was but the dalliance of a stray- ing spark, adrift from the central fire of love to which it has returned. "Though all is hushed in death's black night. With hands, soft folded, now at rest In sweet repose upon the breast, The soul has found the morning's light." GEORGE L. HUFFMAN". The problems of clearing the timber from the land and of tilling the soil thus brought out to the sunlight were not the only ones with which the early settlers had to contend. He required lumber — boards — ■ for various purposes, and accordingly saw- mills were early established in all pan- of the state on every considerable stream. Tt was necessary that the stream should be large enough to afford the necessary water UPEXDIUM OF HIiniRAPHY for at least a portion of tl ,vhich time ii was the custom for the farmi haul theii the mills . >r t- • sell th< tn the miller and buy the boards. Thi farmer secured the plank and boards re- quired for i\" eds, barns, etc. Later -team mills took the place of the early water mills. The subject of this notice h ted a saw-mill for many years and is thor- oughly acquainted with the business. He born in Wabash county, Indiana. tember 26, 1842, and is the son of William B. and Kizziah (Tabler) Huffman. The Huffmans came from Virginia ai in Ohio in the early history of tli.it They removed to Delaware county, Indiana, in 1832, and afterward came to Wabash county in 1842, where a farm was b near North Manchester. Here William B. Huffman passed the remainder of his days. He followed the occupation of farming built up a good property and an estimable name. The country was very wild when he first came here, and the wolves and savage animals often gave him great trouble killing off the small -lock and making it very dangerous for children to l>e abroad, especially at night time. A heavy timber covered the land and his life was spent in clearing it 1 iff. He pi ssessed excellent quali- f heart and mind and could, with the proper advantages, have risen to a high p ■- sition in the affairs of men. lie died in by all. To him were born six and si\ daughters, a- follows: Cynthia, the wife of Hiram Elliott, lived in Wabash county, but both husband and wife are now deceased: Nancy, who married ! Brothers, lived in Wabash count) and both are deceased; Henderson J. married in Wabash countv. hut his wife i- dec* and he 1 les in I ! • i\\ nship; Letha, wife of Abram Baker, i- hut lived in Harrison township; Eliz; .me the wife of Joab Martin, both lived in Wabash county; Charles M., who therine Cappis 1 ami his widow lives in Wabash coun- ty : Louisa, d< Peter Kreechbaum and lived in Wabash county; Mary M.. who married Perry West, de- 1. lived in Wabash county; Albert, who married Nora Male, lives in Wabash, Indi- ana: George I... subject; Andrew w< Frances Steele and both are deceased; Will- iam Ii.. Jr., who died in infancy. George Lewis Huffman spent his youth on his father's farm, and received in the •ime a good education, for he was quick with hi- books and took delight in learning. He mastered the studii common schools and began to teach, having obtained a certificate from the county super- intendent. In all he taught four term- and wa- highly successful. He remained with ither until he was twenty-five yeai hut during the four year- after he reached the age of twenty-one he rented his father's farm, and during that time was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Murphy, born in Ohio October 30, 1847. '" tms marriage three children were born: William I"., born December 26, [869, died in [892; I.illie May. lxirn February 10, 1*74. is now the wife of Reuben W. Uplinger and liv< Harrison township: Louretta, horn April i.v 1884, an accomplished young lady. Mr. Huffman i- in comfortable circumst Hi- busil \ -milling, in which he has been engaged since 1870, and thi- being a heavily timbered country, he ha- sawed an imm< ntitv of logs. He came to this COMPENDIUM OP BIOGRAPHY. 279 ■mnitv in October, [869, and here he has iince remained. In politics he is a stanch lemocral and take-- a keen interest in the mccess of his party. Fraternally he is a nember of Mentone Castle, K. P., and Kos :iusko Lodge, No. 62, I. O. O. F., at A arsaw. •*—+ JOHN WARREN. Among the successful stock men of this . .u 1 it \ is die subject of this brief notice. [aving grown up on a farm and handled tock all his life, he is familiar with that lass of husbandry. It requires something nore than carelessness to -elect the best nimals in any herd and to rear them in such manner that the best points will be brought nt and emphasized. As the best stock irings the best price, the best farmers make t an object t<> raise the higher grades, know- ng that the market will be the better for a ;i\en effort and outlay. All these important toints are borne in mind by all good stock aisers. Then there are. the questions of eeding, watering, salting, stables and the >est lime to market animals. It is true that lie best farmers study the market quota- ions of stock in the principal cities, and by o doing very often receive the reward of heir watchfulness in a much more satis- actory price for their products. This is rue ''i the grain product- a- well as those .1 the yards. Subject manage.- thus to not mly get the best stock, but also to get the test price, lie was born in Chester town- hip, Wabash county, July [3, 1855, and is he -hi of Samuel and Maria I Miller) War- en. The family of the Warrens is of Ger- nau descent and came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in the pioneer period. The Millers were also of German descent and from the same state. The parent- of subject grew un in the Keystone state and were there mar- ried. Soon after their marriage they deter- mined ti 1 ci mil' n 1 the great \\ est, where land wa- cheap and where a home could be built up at the expense of little money and con- siderable labor. They accordingly put all their possessions in a wagon and drove through to Adams county. Indiana. He rented land for several years. In 185 1 or 1852 he removed to Chester township, Wa- bash coimtw where he purchased a tract of land and lived thereon until 1864, when he came to this county and bought eight}- acres in Seward township. He remained on this farm for ten years and then sold it and pur- chased another south of Yellow Creek lake, and there lived until his death. His widow survives him and lives on the old place, be- ing yet. at the age of seventy-six years, quite stn ng and active. At the time of his death, in 1895. he xvas ni comfortable circum- stances and was well known and universally respected. He was a successful farmer and aii honorable man. For many years prior to his death he was a member of the United Brethren church and was active and con- sistent in church work. He helped to build the church of that denomination in this neighborhood and was a liberal contributor to all worthy secular and Christian enter- prises. Their children were as follow-: Sarah J., wife of Reason Rickel, resides in Seward township: Sylvester, who married Jane Pontius, lives in Seward township; William, who married Alice Geich. resides in Wabash count}-; Robert, unmarried, lives wiili his mother in this township; John, sub- ject; Mary, the wife of Jefferson Regenos, 28o COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. lives in Seward t"\\ nship; 1 [arriet, deo who was tlie wife of John L. Parkei Seward township; Ellen, the wife of Syl- veste - in Seward township; Margaret, the wife of Riley Seacore, li Franklin township; Eliza, the wife of Will- iam Lower, resides in Harrison township. John Warren was a lad of nine years when he came to this county. He -pent hi- youth on the farm and became familiar with hard work, learning all the details titat now serve him so well in his stock operal Upon becoming a man lie married Miss Julia Stoffer, who bore him two children and then passed away. The children arc Etta, horn August 24, [880, who became the wii'e of Frank Hill and lives in Clay town- ship; Allie, horn ( (ctober 4. [882, who mar- ried William Huffman and lives in Seward township. Mr. Warren- first wife died in [887 and in [890 he wedded Mi-- Jane C'nliie and by her has two children: Me- lissa, who died in infancy, ami Henry, who dieil at the age of eleven years. The sub- ject ha- made a line success of life and i- 111 the enjoyment of a competency. lie In- made farming and stock raising a specialty, and i> one of the best stock judges in the county, the most of hi- money having been made on stock. He make- a specialty of Xornian horses, Poland China ho<, r s and shorthorn cattle. He and his wife are peo- ple of exceptional worth, and all who have the honor of their acquaintance ascribe to them unusual intelligence and high moral-. Mr. Warren i- a Democrat and ha- Keen active in the councils of hi- party, having served a- delegate to tin- count) conven- tions, etc. He is a skillful politician and could serve much higher in public affair-. Mr. Warren erected his pretty brick dencein 1895, and the surroundings bespeak the careful and painstaking farmer. REV. HENDERSON W. BALL. e mini-try i< considered the most holy calling to which man can direct his tion. The iortion- were wholly unsettled and were very wild, the heavy timber stretching away hundred- of miles with scarcely a clearing and the In- dian- ami wild animal- contending for su- premacy. William I), had married before coming here and u]x>n his arrival ha COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 28! tered eighty acres in Wayne county from the government, a tract without a stick cut on it and covered with an impenetrable for- esl of heavy trees. Indian trails ran through the woods in every direction, lie went t" work and cleared off a spi t for a rude log cabin and erected it with the help ni the few nearest neighbors. Slowly the forest disappeared before the a\ of the farmer and crops of grain took the place of the tree-. In time the old log cabin was replaced with a better structure, and stead- :h the pioneer period became a thing of the past. Me remained in that county until [837 and then sold out and moved to Dela- ware county, where he entered one hundred and twenty acre- from the government and again prepared to clear off the timber. He remained on this farm with his family un- til the autumn of 1N51, when lie again sold in and came to Fulton county ami bought >i.\ty acres, partly cleared, and erected a substantial frame house thereon. There the father and mother passed the remainder of their days, the former dying- in 1870 and the latter in 1803. The father was an hon- est, enterprising and industrious man, and had the respect of everybody. He was a member of the Dunkard church. To him and wife nine children were born, as fol- low-: John, Cabin. William, Margaret. Henderson. Mary A.. Thomas, Aaron and Harriet. Only four of these are living, Henderson. Thomas. Aaron and Harriet, aged respectively seventy-nine, seventy-four, seventy-two and seventy years. Henderson remained on his father's farm until he was twenty years old, attending the district schools and working during the summers on the farm. On September 6, [842, he married Miss Charity, daughter of James and Sarah (Lumpkin) Ball. To tin. union two children were born: Sarah [., who died at the age of ten years: and Nancy I',.. who died in infancy. Upon the death of his first wife Air. Ball married Freela Lump- kin and by her has thirteen children: Mel- vina, born September 25, 184(1, ''i"-' 1 ' aged six years; Martha A., born November S, 1N47. became the wife of William R. Will- iam-; Lewis Cass, born December 12. [848, is single and lues with his father: William 11.. born April 1, 1850, died in infancy; James 0.. born September 16. 1851, de- ceased; Charity M., born July 10. 1853. be- came the wife of Calvin Nbyer and resides in Akron, Indiana; John Milton, born Feb- ruary 27. 1855, married Jennie Meredith and lives in Franklin township; Catherine, born December 18. 1850. is the wife of I icorge Swick and lives near Akron; Thom- as E., born June 25, 1858, married Laura Robinson and resides in Seward township; Laura Alice, born May 24. i860, became the wife of Almondo Gast and lived in Akron until her death ; Diantha W, born February 2j, 1862. became the wife of Henry Mere- dith and lives in Franklin township ; Jen- nie G., born June 1. 1864, is single and re- sides at home with her father: Robert Nel- son, born May 3. 18(17, married Miss Hilda Hammon and resides in Anderson, Indiana. Henderson Ball, the subject, grew to ma- turity on his father's farm. When eighteen years of age he became impressed with the story of the gospels and began to study for the ministry. He was duly licensed in 1840 and was placed in charge of a circuit at once, his first charge being seven miles wesl 1 I bis present place. He remained in active service for twenty-one years. During that time he baptised about two hundred per- 2 82 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. sons, married about one hundred couples, iilk-d appointments at thirty, twenty-four, twenty, twenty-one, fifteen and seven miles distance, preached in one hundred and five different houses and many times in some of the houses, traveled through all sorts of weather, at one time making a ride of thirty miles when the thermometer registered twenty-five degrees below zero at eleven o'clock in the morning. The Baptisl church to which he belonged and for which he labored was greatly benefited by his learn- ing, piety, eloquence and tireless energy in the cause of the Master. He is a stalwart member of society and the friend of all re- forms, lie served as notary public for thir- ty-live years, during which time he has writ- ten much of the legal work for all persons in this portion of the county. He has voted with the Republican party since its organiza- tion in [856. He has been spoken of often in connection with the legislature, and dur- ing the Rebellion was frequently threatened by the Knights of the Golden Circle for. his outspoken and loyal utterance-. His son Aaron served as a private in the Federal army. Mr. Ball is specially distinguished by his honesty, firmness of character, piety and intelligence. He i- widely known and has the unlimited confidence and respect of everybody. JONATHAN P. ROBINSON. One of the mosl evident things to the thoughtful farmer i- the fact that life ai mi stage is a lied of roses. There are thorns, and many of them, along the path of farming life, and the lucky Ones are they win 1 arc pierced by the fewe-t and avoid the nn st. It will probably not he disputed that all persons should keep in view the import- ant duty of pulling out the thorns from the feet <>i those who are less fortunate. They may thus not only lay up treasures for themselves, hut help strew the pathway of si inie less fortunate mortals with roses or some other flower agreeable t'i sight and smell. After a short time tin- important duty will become a pleasure ami then the win ile world, in all its harshness and with all its thorns, will begin ti bli --1 111 in real earnest. The subject of this sketch is wli. 1 believes in the motto. "Live and let live." He di es nut care to rise if he has to walk over the b dies of Others to T SO. He believes in In nest emulation and fair competition and is willing to march side by side with his fellow creature- and take his chances with the rest, giving them their dues and taking his own. He was born in Seward township. Kosciusko county, Indi- ana. December 21. 1854. and is a -mi of George AI. and Sarah (Luce) Robinson. The Robinson family came to this state from Kentucky in [826 and located in Clin- ton county, where the grandfather. William Robinson, entered a tract of land from the government. He was of Irish de-cent and a man of much force of character, and was in all thin;;- a typical pioneer. There he resided in the deep woods until [836, when he >old out and came to section 0. Seward township, Kosciusko county, ami entered a heavily wooded tract of one hundred and sixty acres. At that time this portion of the state was a howling wilderness, filled with wild animals and scarce!) less wild Indians. Immense forests stretched out in all directions and were infested with wolves, heai-. foxes, panthers, etc.. and it was very COMI'IiXPICM OF BIOGRAPHY. ?8 3 difficult to keep sheep and - ther small stock. He built a log cabin, placed hi- little fam- ily therein, ami began to clear off the and brush and soon to plant the crops, lie was the first settler in this part of the coun- t\ to plant out an orchard, and t<' this day some of the trees then planted are living and bearing. To him and wife these chil- dren were born: Henry, William. Robert, John, George, Samuel, James, Andrew. Anna. Eliza and Sarah. George M., the father ut subject, was twenty years "Id when he came to this county, lie t<»>k part in all the pioneer doing of the time-, often met the Indians and became a good hunter. lli- education was received at the old sub- scription schools during the winters and his work was hard and steady in the heavy woods and among the stumps during the summers. He married .Mi-- Sarah Luce, and they became the parents of the follow- ing children: Harvey C, who married Miss Rusella Flenar, and upon her death he married a second time and now lives hi Marion, Indiana; Catherine became the wife of A. M. I Hack and lives in Fillmore coun- ty Nebraska; Jonathan P.. subject, latter grew up "ii his father's farm and se cured a fair education. Upon reaching ma- turity he wedded Miss Effie F. Hosman, daughter of Charles Hosman. She is a na tiv< of this county, born April 15. [866, and received in her youth a fair education. She has presented her husband with two children, a- follows: Alzadie I'.., born Au- gust ;. [881, wlin ha- keen well educated and fitted to teach school. She has taught in this township, i- a finished scholar, holds a -tau teacher'- certificate, is unmarried and resides at home with her parents. Ray- mond M., born September t. 1885, en. 17 in farming with hi- father, lie also I rine 1 1; indeed the whole family takes easily and naturallj to learning' and in- struction. At the time of his marriage sub- ject did n> it have much of this w irld's gi n ids, but he went to work t get what would be import hi- family and educate them, ami has more than succeeded. He has ill hnt excellent farm, with good im- provements. In politics he 1- an unflinch- ing Republican, and take- great interest in the success of his party's tickets, being of the party's best workers in this part of the comity, lie i- > ften mentioned in con- nection with some of the county offices and would be a credit to any such position. The family are intelligent, progressive, moral ami have the high' e and respect of all who come within the bounds of their acquaintance. Air. Robinson is at present secretary of the Seward I ' tion of this township and has been since its organization. He i- also vice-president of the Kosciusko Detective Union of the coun- ty. The purpose of the organization is to protect its member- from h"rse thieves, counterfeiters, and house and bam burners. Any constab'i 1 1 rganizatii 11 is em- powered to arrest without a state warrant. Mr. Robinson is prominent in business and politics and in all matters affecting this com- munity. ARTIR'K SMITH. Ibis is an age in which the farmer stand- pre-eminently ther class as a producer of wealth. He -imply takes advantag< the warm air. the bright sunshii u" rains, and COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. with I by virtui skill in ! Fts he ci . hay, li nhab- mmercial tern 1 - imp< >rtai rounded him with many hundred The invei him the self binder, the riding plow, the steam thresher and many other laboi the farmer ! im- tliem and made them th and imfort. It I thus with th< mers. He was ship, -unty. Indiana. I Mark and N th. 11. rn and n on his rmandbi 'dry. His educa- tion \ t limited, but he has since made the mind ar ccllent jui I and ained on his father's farm until he had an the . this, . t\\" years, In himself. ll< ither's farm on shari st im- im up i ■ the ladj nantha J >• W. and Mary • mklin ship, her birth havii De- cember 17. t86o. Her father v. r, having come I . fifty-fiv« • and ind ai i w ith il tched a\ every direction in an almost unbi and there the ru cabin* nd the w ther wild animals contended with mai Bui her i earlj subject and hii wife two children w< '.en Lb A., Ixtii Ma . ht and in sting children. About th marriage Mr. Smith d in s brick and tile factory on the farm and Silver I-ake. and he followed thi* bu lie made considi money, but in the spring out and returned farm, and here hi witl his farm he I terprises. He has operated a threshing ma chine for - and lias made n by that venture, lie of well cultivated land and h.- buil which, with his pretl dene 11 Republican in p -f hi part unty In 18 imina ■ withdrew hi name from the conl He i- the ; met and is watchful his party's interests. He is a member COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 2*5 Knights of the Maccabees at Claypool and of the Knights of Pythias of Silver Lake. He is also captain of the Seward Detective Association, an organization funned to pre- vent horse stealing and kindred crimes which affect the fanner, lie is one of the gesl characters in this part of the county. Jl »SEPH ULRICH. There are many old and experienced Farmers in Kosciusko county, Indiana, but are few who excel in years or experi- ph Ulrich, of Jackson township, ivho is the subject of this biography. He a.- borri in Montgomery county, Ohio. De- er 26, 1813, and is a son of Stephen ind Ann 1 ( 'hri-tian ) Qlrich. The great-grandparents of Mr. Ulrich :ame from German rior totheAmer- can Revi lution and settled in that part of Huntingdon county which has since been ■reeled into the county of Blair in Pennsyl- There the paternal grandfather of iubject married Susan Urench, who ] lim six children, namely: Joseph, Susan, rine, Mary. Stephen and Samuel. Stephen Ulrich, father of Joseph, the 1 of this sketch, removed from the the Buckeye state soon ids marriage and bought two hundred if land near the city of 'i. in Montgomery county, but after arming there for somi i out and ■ame b Kosciusko county, Indiana. In )ctober, [835, there had been a land sale rt Wayne, at which Stephen entered act in Jackson township, Iv county. Joseph, the subject, and a er, although they owned nine hundred and sixty acres, were desirous "f securing six hundred and forty additional acres, and "ii Monday, January 3, 1836, started mi foot from Dayton, Ohio, for Laporte, In- diana, bent mi making further purchases. Their route was by the way of Muncie, In- diana, and thence t<> .Marion, where I were only three log houses at the time, and thence to LaGro. At this point they were overtaken by darkness and could find no means by which they could cross the Wa- bash river and felt themselves to be in gi luck when they found shelter in a shanty in the neighborhood for the night. The two brothers had on their persons sevei hundred dollars and for a long time sat by the lire, but eventually retired to bed, but not to sleep. The following morning the brothers crossed the river in a skiff and forged on to Laporte. via .Manchester. They entered three hundred and twenty acn government land in Jackson township, Kos- ciusko count}-, and then went on to L ; sport, Lafayette and Indianapolis, all at that time small towns. They walked all the way, a distance of five hundred miles, and were about five weeks on the trip, crossing - ien streams on logs and following Indian trails through the woods. Finally Ste h returned to Ohio. To Stephen and Anna (Christian) Ul- rich were burn six children, viz.: Joseph. subject of this sketch ; Samuel, who married Sarah Ulrich, but is now- deceased; .- mon; Stephen, who first married a Miss Heeter and secondly Susan Overhultzi native of Wabash county, Indiana: J married a Miss Heeter and like- wise resides in Wabash county: and Eliza- beth, wife of Jacob Heeter, of the same ; v. VDIUM 01 ;raphy. seph L'lricli learned I that calling for thirty I at- and had learned to read and write, but acqu hen he w in m ' <». 1838, with Miss Eliza' hart, \vh mber 21. 1819, in ' ' 5 fter mar- ind in 18 ■'. in Jacl nship "\\ twenty-two uid. the farm mi which he now lives, which land he cl( up and improved with a comfi rtable dwel!- nd othei - In the winter of [846 he taught the ship and received forty-fi for hi rvice in | acity. • 1 1I1 and Elizabeth (Swihart) L'lricli with five children, name- Gabriel, l>"rn Decern!* eral term-, married Mary A. Kreider. and lives in Jackson township; len A., born July _■_•. [842, married ship; Aai 11 April 11. 1S44. married Man J. Miller and died in 1875; Anna 1-"... - the w ifi Miller; Joseph, born July 1. 1850, married beth Miller, and these two families likewise live in Jackson township. In [848 Mr. l'lricli built a saw-mill in which he -awed many thousand feet of lum- thousand by fin wned a half secti< 11 of forest land in and an eight) Mr. and Mr-, l'lricli are devout iiicui- rman Baptist chun which they h n communicants ind which they have liberally aided in ill) . This id it will he seen that the 1 wife v : lrich has :i ami i thirty y< the church's in: - -. hut ha- h. it thrive and increase until tin River district, a- it was called, had divid al districts, a schism led for some reason in the •1 in 1881. Mr. l'lricli ha- never interfered wil taken any active part in politics, hut his clivities are with the Republicans. IK have journeyed over the path ■ m hand fi >r sixty-f in all probability the oldest couple in K 1 rtainly none are known nor more highly n many amiable personal characteristics. Mr. L'lricli has ever been a truly publi citizen and h:,- is much, in a moi for Jack nship man living within it- bound: e si most in public esteem. II. IAS A. STOXEBUKNER. capable civil official and prominent citizen "f Sidney, K county, Indiana, was born in Hocking county, ('hi and i- James and Julia A. 'inner. Andrew Stoneburner, paternal grandfa- ther V. wa- h rn in Germany ami nan when he COMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. 287 8 he settled in Hocking county, Ohio, nl worked by the month for some time and en purchased eight}- acres of woodland, he at once began to clear up, and on hich he erected a log cabin. In 1810 be as united in marriage, to which union were irn two boys, William and James. Of ese sons, William conducted a saw-mill in hi . and when he sold out he came to In- ana, locating in Wabash county, where be ed until 1887, when he returned to Ohio d there passed the remainder of his days. James Stonebumer was reared on the farm and received but a limited edu- tion. lie married Miss Julia A. Souders, ( rerman parentage, and this union was iwned with nine children, namely: Amos, James, William, Mary, Rebeckah, lia, Jesse and John. Of these, three are ceased. From Ohio James Stoneburner me to Indiana in 18(17 ani ' located near berty Mills, Wabash county, purchased a rm of one hundred and twenty acre- 1 id and realized a competency. In religion a ( ierman Baptist. Elias A. Stoneburner was a young man nineteen years when the clouds of civil ir gathered over the southern horizon and on burst into a deluge of devastating fire.. rang Elias, seeing that every able bodied in with a particle of spirit would fly to ms to protect the flag and save the in- jrity of the Union, and his own soul be- l fired with patriotism, offered his own ■vice, and life if need be. He enlisted in my II. One Hundred and Fourteenth lio Volunteer Infantry, under Captain II. ry, and was mustered into the Unite 1 ates sen ice at ( 'irckw ille, Ohio, v\ hi npany was sent to Memphis, Tennes- ioin Sherman's army, in November, 1862. While in the service Mr. Stoneburner took part in nine regular battles and thirty- two lesser engagements, and among those may be enumerated Chickasaw Bluffs, De- cember 25, [862, the three days' light at Arkansas Post, under tire around Vicks- burg one hundred and five days, again at Vicksburg, June [6, [863, Indianola, Jack- son. Champion's Hill, Grand Gulf, Bruce's Lake. Magnolia Hill, in the Red River ex- pedition, in which he was in several skir- mishes. Ah bile, April 9. 1865, during the eight days' battle. He was honorably dis- charged and was mustered out at Houston. Texas. August 31, 1865, and paid off at Columbus, < >hio, h ng after the close of the war. His only casualty was a slight wound, in his first battle, and as a recompense he now receives a pension of eight dollars per month. On his return from the army Mr. Sti ne- burner attended school a year and qualified himself for teaching, an ambition which had commendably been cherished before he en- tered the army. He secured his license in Wabash county', Indiana, in [866, and taught until 1891. During this period be was principal of the Laketon, Indiana, schools for eight years and the Ijamsville, Indiana, schools three years. Among' bis first pupils was Samuel Flora, now himself a teacher in K< sciusko county. Mr. Stoneburner has been twice married. first April 7, 1867, to Miss Alsada Arnold, and to this union were horn two sons, Jo- seph ( ). and Henry, the latter of whom died in infancy. Joseph O., who was a telegra- pher, is married to Maggie Xealy and now lives in the state of Washington. Mrs. Alsada Stoneburner was called from earth in [876, and Mr. Stoneburner next married 1RAPHY Mi-- Sarah M. ( jamin and Catlu de- ildren hi A., born A married Verbal Torrence and li\e> in Sidn rles S., born April 8, 1888; t' 1 who died when small. Si meburner came to K - He 1 Republican in | ne an active part in the wi rk of the pirty, has been very influential in its councils popular with its rank and file. I le was townsli r whil< g in Wayne county, Illii ■ . . Indiana, for I highway commi two rd. In 1894 he the peace f< r K< thirty- hundred and fil 1" his d ■ ! to a li -i'l- \- a teacher Mr. Stoneburner was live duty twenty-five hundred and hundred and tweuty- _!it dollars and si 1 d many his pupi ' in vari Mr. and M the United Brethren church, in which M uperintendenl the Sunda} and church clerk [ the Bil member ol G. A. R 111! — ry in Mini •!-. He 1 ! ami prominent wherever he has than his. JAMISON. This well-known citizen was the rty yeav- •r the preservation of the Union » indertook t" separate the in the lisli a public in the southern ha the United me km >v : suit — how their attempts tailed after . warfat fter filling land with cri] He •rn in I >auphin ci unity, I May - i i> the child Anna ( Raj 1 Jamison. The [ami- German and Irish predominate family claim a Germanic descent. J Anna Jamisi in wei ; in Pent • and there met and were man some time afterward they came t" the \ Five children rn to them, as Samuel, the subject, born in 1830: Mary Ann. born November ,v>. 1831, 1834 : < ieorge W . born Febru 1 (aniel, born Novembi 1835, died in 1837; John, born Januar John J naker's trade, which he worked md at the pil the winter-. His life was spent wil at the ear-, v. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ;«9 le hatter's trade, and after having served is apprenticeship worked at that trade for wars. In [846 he left 1 'ennsyl- ania and came to Kosciusko county, Incli- na. walking mosl 1 f the way. and located imself in Clay township; he remained with is uncle during the succeeding winter. In ie spring of 1847 ne went to work at the irpenter's trade, and assisted in building ie old Pelton Hotel, the first hotel building 1 Warsaw. During the following winter e worked for Thomas Popham for fifteen 3 per month and continued for him tree years, laying aside his earnings. On ctober 24, 1854, he was united in marriage ith Miss Sylvia A. Calkins, a native of ev\ York, and t.> this marriage f<>ur chil- ren were born: Florence M., born August 1, 1855, is the wife of John Roberts and isides in Arkansas; Aleth E., born June 10. became the wife of Emanuel Row en id lives in Lordsburg, California; Charles ., born June 30. [867, married in the outh and resides in Louisiana; Franklin . K.. born March 9, [872, who also mar- ed a Southern lady, lives in Louisiana. e was bom in Nebraska and ad the others i Iowa. After his marriage Mr. Jamison orked a year for Mr. Popham at the car- inter's trade, and then removed to Iowa id entered forty-eight acres of land. Later j sold out and followed the carpenter's ade two years, and then moved to Johnson ►unty, Iowa, and continued his trade, and bile there he bought forty-eight acres in inggold county. Iowa, and was living there hen the Rebellion broke out. At its com- lencement he enlisted in a company of 'outs for three month-;, and saw severe Lit v- scouting through southern Iowa and northern Missouri. Succeeding this be re- turned to his family and moved to North English and while there enlisted in the Twenty-ninth Iowa Infantry, under Th II. Benton, colonel, and Andrew Johnson, captain, and was sent down on the Red River expedition, fighting all the way. After that be returned to Little Rock, Ar- kansas, and was transferred to Mobile and was in the battle and siege of that name. He next fought at Blakely, and then was transferred to the West and sent to the Rio ( irande. At the close of the war he went to Mexico and then to Xew Orleans and was there mustered out in August, 1S05. He fought in eleven hard-fought battles, and was always ready for duty. He draws a pension of six dollars per month. He re- turned home and went into the huckster's business, continuing thus for two years. Later he -Id out in [owa and removed to Nebraska audi bought a tract of .me hundred and sixty acres near Lincoln and remained upon the same for twelve years. While liv- ing there his wife died. May jo. 1873. He returned to Kosciusko county. Indiana, and soon afterward married Mi a member of Kosciusko Post, Xo. 515. 1 '1. A. R., War- saw. In Nebraska he served as deputy sher- iff. He lived in Cla ownship, this county, for sixteen years, hut eleven months 290 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Jit sixty acn lay township. prominent and by all who have the PETER J. HARDMAN. reter J. Hardman, one of the vt citi 1 ime to Koscius county when but a young man. Hi -cent, his grandfather having •1 born in Germany. Hi- father, John Hardman, was born in Virginia, but li in Lewis county, West Virginia, the pan of his long life. 1 te married Elizal \\ agoner, a West Virginia. He I I held v er\. li 1. lie died 1:1 Lewis nty, \\ 1 inia. in his eighty-ni p. |.l [ardi n in Lewis coun- ty, West Virginia, r 31, 1819, - with his parent- Mi. He the ■ bj which': ut to make his own v and. equipped with a I Idle an 1 fo r j his father, he cami I Ihio, where 1 rk in a ployed about thirty hands, and he I tin until he trusted with I ; work, that hing and full the cloth. These v ' happy For him. In this mill he met Hannah C. Finley, a 1 who ie hi- v. - * ham- tember 13, ph M. and Mary M. ,_Mi; Mr. Hardman remained in the mil by that time. . he and his wife. in tin unty, Indiana, where they had friend-. He had no definite idea, in coming t.» the county, -liat he would do, but ■ fa livelih 1. He had 1 means t<- buy a farm, but did buy a h>>nse and '" ur nun " : witln ut inl He was willing !•• work and !>»>>' with small Then Ile- itis property and traded in land until he had secured n ' inlc llli> ..win-' t. it- proximity to Warsaw, became 1 he laid out Hardman s addition I ■'■ he built In if his pru- dent management The ts, -ellingr only as they increased in val \ T the war Mr. 11 heard and ai his country's and served almost tin - in the ment. Indiana Volui I lie was in tin a and hed with Sherman to - in the grand review at ral and al- tunately " c °as ie Republican 1 with prival Tv-^Pt^L^X -^ ^t^&K^^U &£***£. -^T-t^&L-rr COMFEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 291 fairs, willingly allowing cithers to attend to public duties. I le and his faithful wife have lived quiet lives for many years in their pleasant home in Warsaw, which they have built and im- proved in accordance with their own tastes and comforts. On October 24, 1897, they celebrated the happy occasion of their gold- en wedding. They reared two children, both of whom are married. Joseph is a jeweler at Rensselaer, Indiana, and Mary is the wile of John Stewart, of Denver, Colo- rado. One of the great comforts of Mi". Hardman's life has been his religion. He i- a faithful member and attendant of the Methodist church and is highly regarded as one whose life is true and consistent. He has been a class leader in the church for twenty-five years and a member of the of- ficial board for nearly sixty years. His wife • also a consistent member of the same de- nomination, having joined the church when about twelve vears of as'e. CYRUS MUSSELMAN. The subject of this biographical -ketch is "He of the most widely-known citizens of Jack-iii township, Kosciusko county. Indi- ana, and is also one of the most active and respected business men whose energy and public spirit have placed him in the fore- rank of the prominent residents, who llj recognize in him an acknowl- edged leader in social a- well as publi fair-. lie wa- born in Paulding county. Ohio, August -'o. [842, the sixth child in the family of fourteen thai crowned the mar- riage 1 f J 1 hn and Liza 1 Clemmer) Mussel- man, natives of Virginia and of German ex- tractii m. John Musselman, father of Cyrus, was reared to the calling of a tanner and was also taught s-hoemaking. While ^till a young man he left his native state and lo- cated in Dayton, Montgomery county, ( Hiio, where he married Miss Clemmer. who was of Irish descent. Shortly after that auspi- cious event he removed to Paulding county, where be purchased a tract of timbered land, erected a dwelling and such other buildings as were needed and converted the tract into a first-class farm. He later started a tanyard and a shoe shop, and moreover practiced medicine to some extent, being a gentleman of most versatile qualifications. Mr. Musselman was very active in pol- itic- and was one of the leading Democrats of Paulding count} - , wdiere he served a- a justice of the peace for many years. He was widely known and universally respected throughout the county. He lost his wife in 1880, and his own death occurred in 1893. Their six sons and eight daughters were named as follows: David. Amos, Diana, .Mary, John. Cyrus. Eliza, Jane, William, Minerva, Ira, Ida and two who died in in- fancy. Cyrus Musselman. the subject proper of this sketch, the more important events of whose interesting and useful career are here but feebly portrayed, wa- reared to agricult- ural pursuits on his father's farm in 1'auld- mnty, Ohio, and also attended the dis- trict -el 1 until old enough to he able to handle a "kit," when he was taught making. He remained with hi- father un- til he hail attained hi- majority and then, in 1863, decided to »& thing of the great West, lie started fot Missouri, where he (PENDIUM O: ;RAPHY. r, with • jouri i lifornia, with him h< ty, I' yer in a Inn well satisfied with tin ;i that he re- he had 1 any ti the bus he had |'- inherited something of his \-ain there may have .tractive in Kosciusko county th . saw-logs and saw-mills, .}. the year of hi rival here, hi r, as his . Miss M inner, w ents had c ihio to K ty. In il years p 1 hail entered from which Mr. M childn and .\ dusselman, name- 1} : A I. la V.. Laban ( '. and < ynthia acquit , and was imer- cial S Cjuincy, I a number of \> in Indiana. Pennsyl- •nl in the mud state married a Miss Carter; he per for a lumber and furniture company in the Golden state. Ida orn in 1867. i- the wife < . 1 rn in 1872, re comn I for hi Cynthia 1 ; ... win. was lK)rn in 1876 idy, taught two term-; in K< • ty. ami was Mrs. I in . Mr. Musselman married Mrs. Frances A. 1 Lenwell 1 B< il> resp< ship, win • :i name well, but union ha- not b< sj. However, Mr-. Musselman w inier marriage the mother of two chil- dren, md Frederick, who lives with his mother. When Cyrus Musselman first married he w; condition financially, Inn he was abundantly supplied with a cap- e in hi- ability t" make his through the world. He was tern] ; and after a few _\ ■ in the 1, purchased a ti land in the lemmer homestead ol hundred and lie is m farmi Mi-, and M "i the Churcl .■• n as urch. Mr. Musselman is d in the Scriptures and I thinker, fully capabli and 1 - from such literature a-- lu litics Mr. Musselman 'iccn much of a partisan and has invariably 1 come a candid frequently his nam* ■ and trust. In 1 nal relations Mr. Musselman i- a mem' COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ?93 No. 579, !'". & A. M., in which he has filled the honorable office of worshipful m; and has represented the lodge in the grand lodge; he cherishes this order as second only to his church. Mr. Musselman is a citizen with broad views and of public spirit, and one who takes pride in the progress of his township and the enhancement of the public weal. Well knowing the value of good reads and 1 bridges to the husbandman especially, as well as to the general public, and knowing the vital importance of nearly every kind of public improvement, he readily aids with his purse and influence all projects designed to bring about substantia] yet economical ad- ditions to such works as undoubtedly tend to the o mvenience and add to the comfort of the community. He is a warm friend of the public-school system and an advocate of the employment of the best teachers that the school fund can possibly compensate, and also Favors the erection of modern school edifices when new one- become necessary. He was a constant reader, has an excellent library for a gentleman residing in a rural district, and this i> connected by wire with the Sidney Telephone Company's headquar- ters, in which company his -on, Laban C is a stockholder. Jackson township resi- dents may well feel gratified in having in their midst a gentleman so advanced in thought, so public spirited, so liberal in monetary matter- and so interested in the welfare of the town-hip in which he has • many years of his useful life. Al- though he began with no capital in a pecuniary sense, he is now among the most substantial men of his town-hip. and his life's record i- well worths of study by the JAMES FISHER, Deceased. 1 In- genuine representative of the agri- cultural development of Jackson township, Kosciusko comity. Indiana, was horn in Wayne county, Ohio. June 8, 1S17. His parents. Stephen and Elizabeth | Newhouse I Fisher, descendants of old German Fam- ilies who were represented among the col- onists of America and who were among the bravest of the brave in the struggle For American independence. The paternal grandfather of subject settled in Virginia, whence he removed to Ohio in the early period of its history, bringing with him Stephen, who had been born in Virginia, and the other members of the family. Stephen Fisher was a blacksmith in his early days and was also engaged in farm- ing. He settled in Wayne comity. Ohio, and carried on a blacksmith shop in con- nection with agriculture until 1S34, when he removed to Seneca countv and bought a tract of forest land, which he developed into a first-class farm. He came to Jackson township. Kosciusko county, Indiana, and here purchased a section and a half of land, or. nine hundred and sixty acres, a consid- erable portion of which he cleared up, and when he retired was worth about fii thousand dollars, which in those days was considered to he quite a Fortune. To the marriage of Shephen Fisher, in 1800. to Mi-- Elizabeth Newhouse, of Kentucky, were born five sons and Five daughters, namely: Nancy, Susan, Sarah. Elizabeth, 5, Stephen, Edward, John. Lucinda and Robert. lame- Fisher, the subject of this skel came to Kosciusko o unty, Indiana, in 1836, and was one of the earliest settlers in Jack- ?94 c OMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY tow nship. 1 [e was then and in June. [841, married Miss Sarah Rover, a native of Berks county, Pennsyl- vania, and of German descent. I \v- r he brought lii s bride to Jacks township, Kosciusko county, with the I'l- rej family as their only neighbors, and Lib- erty Mills, in Wabash county, the only town within many miles, their grist bei ind at the latter James Fisher was handy with the ax and one of the I ppers in hi- neigh- borli i within a few days after his ; rival on his farm he hail his limine ready for occupancy. The winter was very inclement, hut he succeeded in clearing "ft" two hun- dred acres of his own homestead and two "tin of forty-seven and twenty acres respect h 1 1 1 the marriage 1 f James Fisher and Sarah Royer there were born children, namely: Elizabeth, Anna. Stephen, John, I.ydia. Samuel and James. Mrs. Sarah (Royer) Fisher was called from earth in [893, and Mr. next married Mrs. Katie Sipes. Mr. Fisher was a verj indusl rm- ind an enterprising business man. and one time had accumulated twenty-six til sand dollars without any extraneous aid. About twelve ; '< however, he 1 ged in mercantile trade at Packerti n. this inty, but on this occasion failed to n ■ with his usual sue me in- volved to the extent 1 f five thousand dollars, all of which he honorably liquidate made an In politic-, Mr. Fisher \ rat. • his first i'-' . and vi ited fi ■ ■lidate from "I >ld 1 lick' >n '-" time up leveland's candid 1 le w his political faith and 1 faithful in his 1 rty, and him- 1 it in I the ] irteen year-. In re' he w.i- ;i Presbyterian, hut it v what late in life that he united with the congre- gation at Packerton, wh faithfully adhered to and to the support of he was a liberal contributor. His ity, however, w questi even before he became a communicant in the church, and hi- word was never in any way question* M r. Fisher had been a mem- ber of L ■ I - & A. M. He was widely known throughout Kosciusko coun- ty, and wa- recognized as one of the model farmer- of Jackson township. He wa- pub- irited and was always ready to aid in every wa) r the pr - motion of th< weal, and 1 'cd. Mr. Fisher's death occurred on the 7th of February, and hi- remain- were interred in the Packerton cemetery. The estate i- being by hi- - nuel. wh" n ■ id. Jl MIX FISHER, hi. mown farmer and a; ■■i )■■ unship, Kosciusko county, ln- Wayne county, I July Pi. [826. and wa- i Stephen and 1 Xewh -her. The father. 1 if Steph< wa- a nati\ 1 many and an eai r in < >hio, while the New- COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 295 house family migrated to Ohio from Vir- ginia, also in an early day, and in Wayne county, Ohio, Stephen Fisher and Eliza- beth Newhouse met and were married. To this marriage there were ten children, born in the following order: Nancy, Susan, Sarah, Elizabeth, James, Stephen, Robert, Edward, John and Lucinda. Of these chil- dren four are living, three in Kosciusko county, viz. : Janus, Edward and Lucinda. Stephen Fisher, after marriage, cleared up a farm in Wayne county. Ohio, lived there several years, then sold out and crime to Jackson township, Kosciu.sk c unty, Indi- ana, and purchased a tract of three hundred and twenty acres in the wilderness, which he later cleared up and converted into one of the best and must profitable farms in the township. It was on this farm that John Fisher learned to swing an ax and to pi v\ with oxen, and when he became the owner of a yoke of cattle he was the proudest boy for miles around. John Fisher lived upon his father's farm until past twenty years of age. when he was united in marriage with Mi>s Charity Bills. who was born in Seneca county, Ohio, March 6, 182X, and there acquired a good education. This union was graced with seven children, viz. : Robert, born January 13, 1S47. and now the husband of Ruth Kn- iop; Lydia A., wife of Jacob Fisher, who is, however, of no consanguinity; Frank, born in 1851, is married to Charlotte Fisher and resides in Huntington, Indiana: Salome. wife of Peter Catlet. residing in Wayne township; John, deceased: Marshall, who married Ada Stauffer, and resides in the Mate of Washington; Silas is married to Elizabeth Parrot and lives in Jackson 1 ship. In 1854 Mr. Fisher came to Kosci- usko county, and here was a continuous resi- dent up to the date of his death. He had inherited, as had his brothers, a quarter- section of land, and in 1852 settled on his farm, which he cleared up and handsomely improved. In [856 the father made a clear- ing sale and appointed John as auctioneer. At that time the latter was a modest young man. but this initiation proved a turning point in his career and led to his adoption of auctioneering as a vocation. Since [856 Mr. Fisher conducted twenty-three hundred public vendues, ami his services were in de- mand for miles around, his average being about cue hundred sales per annum. Dur- ing Ins residence in Jackson township he took part in many log-rollings and house- raisings and was an important factor in ad- vancing the general prosperity of the t> wn ship. In politics Mr. Fisher was a Democrat. as are also his sons. He served as justice of the peace for eight years, he being a very popular man in the township, and having been elected in a district that usually was carried by a Republican majority of sixty. lie also served as one of the three trustees of his township in the early days, and on one occasion settled up an estate of fifty-two thous&nd dollars, which occupied his atten- tion for several years. Fraternally Mr. Fisher was made a Mason in 1856 and at the time of his death held membership in the lodge at Sidney. Indiana, in which he held the position of tyler. When the Patrons of Husbandry were flourishing he w 1 active member and was one of the organ- izers of the state grange. Mrs. Fisher has long been a member of the Christian church, to the support of which .Mr. Fisher was a liberal contributor. TENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. In January, 1901, Mr. Fisher had his dwelling but, being a man 1 fn >m the He was widely know 11 in : inties, and i tleman of more than or- dinary intelli wherever known. His death occurn May, tg araly- lli- funeral took place May 4th. and 1 »f the held in the township. GILES MILLER. fanners in Jackson township, mi ire -fnl in 1 a reward for his ami ii than < iiles Miller, w miration of the entire Miller is a son of Lewi- and Miller born in Clark 1 t) , Ohi . D( 8, 1830. Jaci ib Mil- ■: father 1 Germany, but when a small boy wa to the United States by his parents, who 1 111 Pennsylvania, and thei grew \'< man' ! married a nati •r\ . He served in the I lutionary war. From Peni the grandfather and family migr Ohio, ■ e married, and had horn to him ildren: Frederick, Lewis, J Samuel, Polly, Catherine, Barbara and Miller h rk coun- .m.l there married LettU a dan • Richard and Susan family wen Germ; n, while the Garst family came 1 lolland. Lew is Miller and wife childn - :' ship, where he purch wild land, luit also owned res in Van Wert county, Ohio. Although a mechanic, and linarily handy with eery successful agriculturist and on his Lake township farm in the m rle settlers of the township. Lewi- and - Miller v. the pari en children, namely: An- drew. Rebecca, Gi herine, Pho Mazy. Julia A., Mary. Luanda. Rich- : IV ■ there i -till li\ ii ie and Richard. Miller was a youth when hi unty. Indiana, hut he even then knew handle an ax and greatly aided in clei up th< 1111, all 11 with hard itinued until he was twen- ild. At tli working out on his In 185 Miller main cinda Leffel, a daughl William .and Julia Leffel. Mr. Miller 1 the tir-' 1 his farm, when ither bought a farm 1 if sixty- deep in the f which they ipancy in the fall 1 if [85I 11 until 1864, when Giles turned to the old hoil on which he since made his hom< Lucinda (Leffel) Miller have be< COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 297 eight children, viz. : Sarah J., who is the wife of Henry Eiinkle, of North Manches- ter; George A., who married Miss Ida Vance, the latter being now deceased : A. L., who married Flora Bolin and is living in Castle Rock, Minnesota; William L., who married Clara Butterbaugh, and lives in Seward township, Kosciusko county; Charles II.. who married Lizzie Duke and lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota; Mary E., still single; Samuel E., deceased twin of Mary E. ; Esta E., born in [880, is married to Blanche Richard, is a painter by trade, and lives in North Manchester. Mr. ami Mrs. Miller are member- 1 i the United Brethren church, in which Mr. Mil- ler has 1 .1 trustee for many years. In 'dr. Miller was fi r a long time a crat, but later became a Prohibits yet lie voted for McKinley at the last presi- dential election. He is widely k throughoul Jackson township and is highly respected wherever km wn. ROBERT HAINES. It is the custom with many farmers. even in this day of known advantage in putting all corn and hay raised on a farm into Stock, to sell the grain which they raise and only deal to a limited extent in live Stock. Time mi that this course is unwise, and those farmers who still stick to that obsolete custom arc the losers. It is found that the best result- are obtained from making -,' . ,f live sti ck the first con- sideration, and it is nol necessary to out that most of the successful farmers haw I ng ago tin- practice. Aside the improvement of the farm and per- haps the dealings in farm-, it is pro! the fact that the great majority of the wealthiest farmers have obtained all or nearly all of their wealth from their deal- in live stock. Such at least has been the case with the subject of tin- memoir. He is a native of Franklin county, Ohio, hav- ing been born there October 8, 1852, and is the son of Joseph and Elizabeth I. Haines. The grandfather of subject was a native of the Keystone state and removed to Ohio back in the pioneer period. He was a farm- er and in the course of his life amassed a large property. Hi- son Joseph., the father of subject, was reared on the farm and re- ceived the usurd education in the subscrip- ols. There was no general schoi 1 fund at that time for the support ,hi|>; Arl ph, Xettie, Mattie. Edith and Walter. After hi< marriage Rob- ert first rented land and a little later n hack home. Soon afterward he secured a machine and 1. trs. 1 hiring this time I his farm, and is nov in farming his brothe man and has made the most of his v in thai 1 le -hip- thi four bunches of h \. 'imans crat, but much interest in He f the ffices. 1 le beloi ; the Methodist church and is active in the REV. TlloMAS WILEY, die ministry i^ the .at man it is th ed in ail portions of the world. earth the what the re- country that not 1: n, even though it may rtot iristian, >" the ministi whatever title he may have, stands at the munity. His calling is re- ny other, and all ion in his expert I up t" '■lies his will, and communes with him in spirit, and is thus sel and advise. ' I loly Writ. i> conclu- •nier. wl im for a iti"ii through Chri>t. The subject of this sketch followed this holy calling and was a true servai I and 1. He was born in Henry county, Kentucky. February .^. 1827, and was the jamin and I' nil Wiley. The Wiley family were of Ii Kentucky, vcrv early day. They REV. THOMAS WILEY /^^J^^/i^, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 299 moved from Kentucky to Morgan county, Indiana, when that portion of the state was yet a dense woods. In Kentucky and Indi- ana the subject of this sketch was reared to manhood and educated. He was even in his youth of a pious disposition, and upon reach- ing' years of maturity determined to join the army of the ministry and spend his life in the service of the Master. He believed that it was not good for man to live alone, and accordingly was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E. Scott, of Morgan coun- tv, and soon afterward came to Kosciusko county and settled in Franklin township, near Sevastopol, in 1856. He bought one hundred and nine acres on section 5 the fol- lowing year. Upon this farm he continued to reside until the day of his death. His first wife dying January JO, 1873, without issue, he married. March 10, 1874. Miss Cynthia Cramer, the daughter of Sylvester B. and Elizabeth (Dent) Cramer. She was horn November 30, [837. The Cramer family originated in Maryland and were of Germanic descent. Sylvester B. Cramer was born near where the city of Baltimore now stands, and when a young man was taken t' Belmont county. Ohio, and was there reared on his father's farm. He received a. common-school education and upon reach- ing manhood was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Dent, a neighbor, and to them were born two children: Cynthia A and George D. The latter married Miss Isabella Fulton and now lives on a farm in Belmont unity, < Ihio. The mother of these two children died November 8, 1839, and the father marrying the second time Cynthia was taken to raise by an aunt. She was given fair advantages and was apt and quick at her books, and after finishing the 18 common branches attended one term at the Lebanon Normal School. At the age of twenty-one years she began to teach school as a means of supporting herself and con- tinued thus until 1868 in that vicinity, when she came to this county. During this time she read a great deal, cultivated hid and made herself proficient as a teacher. Expecting to follow teaching as a life pro- fession, she did not spare herself and ac- quired wide and varied learning. After coming to this county she continued teach- ing until 1873, when her hand was sought in marriage by Rev. Mr. Wiley. Upon the consummation of this union she gave up teaching and came to live on the farm, and here she has resided until the present time. She sympathized with her husband in his church work, and was a true companion to him in his holy calling. They lived happily together, loving and laboring, until he was accidentally killed by a horse on August 21, 1891, at Claypool, since which melancholy event she has remained on the farm. He was a local minister of the Methodist Epis- copal church, and in 1873 was ordained local deacon by Bishop Merrill at Logans- port, Indiana. He made farming his busi- ness, but hlled appointments, and was an earnest and eloquent orator, filled with the zeal that belongs to those who see by faith. He married a great many couples, who came to him from man}- quarters. Al- though he had been reared a Democrat, he became a stanch Republican and was an active worker in his party. He left the Democracy in 1856 and voted for John C. Fremont for president, the first candidate 1 1 the newly-formed Republican party. He was at all times a leader in public questions and a moulder of opinion, and his splendid 300 COMI'EXniUM OF BIOGRAl'HY character was everywhere recognized and appreciated. Hi- widow ry intelli- i lady and resides in her home Menti ne. ' mi her farm live James E. Gill and wife, relative-, renting the and occupying part of the house. She is known and has the highest respi everybody. Mr. Hill i- a nal Kosci- county, Indiana, born March 3, 1S74. of Jain. ; Martha Ann 1 I Gill. He was educated in the country schools and : jriculturist. lie wedded Miss tngalls, daughter of All ►ert and Louisa (Shipley I Gill, and they have t\\.. little Ethel and Jessie. Mrs. 'iill re- I education and (table and genial lady, being a most fitting com- panion f' 'i' Mr-. Wiley. HENRY I). RING. X.. people that go t" make up our cosmo- politan civilization have better habit- of life than those who came originally from the great German empire. The descendant distinguished for their thrift and honesty, and these two qualities in the inhabitant- of any country will in the end alone make that country great. When with these two qualities i- coupled the other qualit) of sound sense, which all the < icr- man descendants p ssess, there are afforded such qualities a- will enrich any land and ii at the t"p of the countries of the \ in the f elevated humanity. Of this excellent people came the SUbji this brief memoir, lie come- e that produced the famous "lion Chancellor." the greatest statesman, all things considered, that ever walked this He comes of a race that i- famous for it- original in- ns in the problem- of civilized life «the and lleckel. The Germanic und in many of the greatest men and women of this and former and the subject of this -ketch may well be proud of hi- de-cent from such a race. He wa- born in Germany June 4. and i- thus an old man. whose days on earth are drawing to a close. His par- tvere Henry and Caroline 1 Snyder ) who lived a; VValdeck, Germany. The parent- were both native- of that country f that bio, .(1. and passed their entire live- there. Henry 1>.. before he had at- tained his majority, concluded to cross the ocean and find a home in America. Ac- cordingly he boarded a sailii 2 and after many week- -pent in t' n the Atlantic was landed safe and sound at New York on July 3, 1846, having been out since May h>th. I! to learn the cabinet- maker- trade, bul stand that sort of work he started out and after walk- ing about one hundred miles in search of work he finally secured a job on the Penn- sylvania canal at eight dollars per month. After a time he left this work and went to Philadelphia and hired out for or,, one hundred and twenty dollars. At the conch thi- period he hired out for fifteen dollar- ]>er month and continued thus until the fall of 1N50. when he came vve-t ncinnati, where he worked in a 1 factory tor -ix months at ten dollar- per month and board. It wa- near Tiffin, Ohio, that he first -aw Corn planted. He worked on a farm there f time, clearii i the trees and -tump- and tilling the In 1S54 he married Mi-s Catherine Hop- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 301 and at that time had only one hundred dollars saved up. After his marriage he worked for three or tour years at the cab- inetmaker's and carpenter's trades, first re- ceiving ten dollars and then fifteen dollars per month. In 1856 his wile died and he later married Miss Sarah Rinehold. By his first wife he had one child: Ezra, born June _■. 1856. By his second wife he had five children: Mary, Ella, William, Calvin and John, all of whom, excepting Alary, are liv- ing. On the 28th day of September. 1864, Mr. King enlisted in the Union army and saw service for nearly a year. He partici- pated m several important movements, and was engaged in the battle of Bentonville, North Carolina. When the war ended he returned to his family in Ohio, but in No- vember, [867, came to Indiana and bought the farm on which he now resides. It was then covered with heavy woods, which has been removed by Mr. King. His second wife having died, he married Mrs. Nancy SL ane in April. 1891. He belongs to the Lutheran church, while his wife is a Meth- odist. Me is a Democrat, hut takes little in- terest in politics. He makes his money mainly out of general farming. He is an industrious and honest man and has the re- 1 of all who kni i\\ him. JAMES S. SMITH. M. D. This gallant ex-soldier and now eminent physician at Warsaw. Indiana, was born in Fulton county, ( Hiio, October 12, 1845. His father was the Rev. Joel K. Smith, a farmer calling, but likewise a minister in the Methodist Episcopal church, who was a na- tive ot Pennsylvania, being bom in Colum- bia county. April lS, 1810. His mother, who bore the maiden name of Hannah Adams, was also born in the same county and state, March 13, 1813. In 1859 the family came to Kosciusko county. Indiana, and settled six miles west of Warsaw on the Tippecanoe river, on the farm on which Dr. Smith passed his youthful years until his enlistment, and there the mother passed away at sixty-seven years of age. Rev. Joel R. Smith, the father, who had been a local preacher for over sixty years, survived his wife until he reached the patriarchal age of eighty-three, and is still well remembered by many of the old citizens of Kosciusko county. He had charge of the circuit, hut was more generally known as a local preach- er and as the assessor of his township, in which capacity he served several terms, be- ing in politics a stanch Republican. He lived in retirement for several years, but never lost his enthusiasm in his church work, al- though he was extremely liberal in his views of religions affairs. James S. Smith was hut fourteen years of age when he accompanied his parents to Kosciusko county, and here lived on the home farm until August 18, 1862, when he enlisted in Company K, Seventy-fourth In- diana Volunteer Infantry. Colonel Chapman commanding. Company K was from War- saw, had not yet been filled to its comple- ment when the regiment was sent to the front and the company was left to follow, when full, to Bowling Green, Kentucky. However, on arriving at Munfordsville, where Colonel Wilder was in charge of the post, the company, with others, was cap- tured by the Confederate general. Braxton Bragg, lint was a; once paroled and sent 3°^ COMPENDIUM OF Bl< 'GR.U'IIY. Young Smith's seventeenth birthday • >ner i if war. He was exchanged, however, thirty days later and rejoined eminent near Nash- ville, Tennessee. Mr. Smith took part, as a private, in all the marches, skirmishes and ments in which his regiment had a share until he mustered out of the service. He fought at Stone River. Tennessee, was in the At- lanta campaign, went with Sherman on his march through ' to the sea, and marched all the way fn m Louisville, Ken- tucky, t" Washington, D. C, to take part in the grand review — a sight the paralli which has never been seen — and was mus- tered out June it. 1865. The hottest fights that Mr. Smith was in were at Jonesboro, gia, and in front of Atlanta, where the men wen ther as men could Me was wounded at Missionary Ridge by a buck shot going through his throat and just grazing the windpipe, but he never left hi- regiment, never was in hospital, ii"i" ever in an ambulance, but came out of the army iter man than when he entered it. lie was ii"t yet. however, twent; Id. Mr. Smith commenced the study of med- icine about this time with Dr. II. M. Cow- gill, an "Id and experienced physician at Warsaw. Dr. Smith began practice in ciation with Dr. Cowgill at Atwood, in his 1 >hl neighborhood, and for ten years met with abundant success, and then entered the Physio-Medical College at Cincinnati, from which he was graduated with tin Dr. Smith moved t" Nappanee, Elk- hart county, in [875, and was the second lent of the town. He secured the estab- lishment of the pi Stofhce at that place and was appointed the first postmaster, ha-, already had fivi experience in this line while a resident of Atwi tor practiced medicine and served as ] master at Xappanee until 1879, when he came to Warsaw, where he has had a re- munerative cliei lebest citizens from that time until the present, and has won a reputation that i* unexcelled by any other physician and surgeon in the count) Kosciusko. Hi- practice in Warsaw now extended through a peril twenty-two years in this city alone. The Docti r inds very high in the esteem of hiN brother practitioners of the city and unty, the greater number of whom are al- most in daily consultation with him in or- der t" avail themselves of his advice and to gain lessons from his long experience. The Doctor is also a member of the National Physio-Medical Association, to which he contributed many valuable papers on the technicalities of the science of medicine and his clinical experience. He keep- in touch with all the advances made in medicine and surgery, subscribes to the better 1 periodicals published in the interest of the profession, and i-. besides, well read in gen- eral literature a- well as the profound and ibstruse work.- on philosophy, history, etc.. with which his library is rcp!< The Docti r was first married, in 1866, to Miss Mary A. Lutes, of Kosciusko coun- ty, and two children were l»orn to this union. viz.: Clarence W., ••Smith, the printer," and Rosa, wife of E. \\\ Kinsey. a banker at Claypool, Kosciusko county. On Sep- tember i". [882, 1 >r. Smith married Miss Philena Duvall, of Claypool, but no chil- dren have come to ble>> this union. The :OMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAfllV. 303 Doctor and wife, however, have adopted a daughter, Goldie V., whom they took under their care when an infant and who is now a school girl thirteen years old. Dr. Smith is a member of Henry Chip- man Post, G. A. R., attended the national encampments of the order at Cincinnati and Chicago, and has several times attended the reunions of his old regiment, the Seven- ty-fourth Indiana Infantry. In politics the Doctor in his earlier manhood was a Repub- lican, but latterly has been inclined to advo- cate the doctrines of the Prohibition party. His religion is based upon the Bible as in- terpreted by the Church of God, which is in >t a definitely organized church body, but rather a local congregational society. This society strictly complies with all the ordi- nances of the New Testament, even to the washing of each other's feet. This congre- gation has its camping grounds on the shores of Yellow Creek lake, four miles south of Burket, commonly known as Cen- tral Camp Meeting of the Church of God, other meetings being at Moundsville, West Virginia 1 where are also the publishing association and the Bible house), and in California. The camp on Yellow Creek lake comprises about thirty acres and is the site of a large boarding-house owned by the con- gregation, which is the resort at certain seav.n. of the year of many ministers and adherent- of the Church of < lod. The regu- lar annual meetings are held from August 15th to August 20th, and these Dr. Smith never fails to attend. The grounds are very enticing and lovely. On February 4. 1902, Dr. Smith was appointed coroner of Kos- ciusko count}, which position he at present tills. MARION M. LATIMER. Among those who have distinguished themselves in the active duties of life in this county is the subject of this memoir. He comes of a splendid family, one that has al- ways been strong for right living and in- dustrious habits, for education and moral- ity, and for all that contributes to the wel- fare of the commonwealth. Many years ago the grandfather of the subject crossed the ocean from England and settled in the Nut- meg state. There he resided for some time, but finally came to this county and here lived the remainder of his days. His si mi, Lyman L.. was reared on his father's farms, partly in Connecticut and partly in this state. Upon reaching manhood he met and mar- ried Miss Susan Hartman. At first he en- tered a store at Warsaw and served as a clerk for a number of years, but then came to Palestine and went into business for him- self, with a general stock of goods, and thus continued some years. He died December 4. [862. His marriage had occurred June 5, 1853. The llartmans were of German descent and originated in this* country in Pennsylvania, thence removed to Ohio, and from there came to the Hoosier state. To Lyman Latimer and wife the following chil- dren were born: Lemuel L., who wedded Mi-. Alice Bickle, and is now in the hard- ware business with his brother; Marion M., subject: Tillie, deceased: Norman N.. who married first Mollie Bybee, and, second, Una Baker and is a hardware merchant in Men- tone: Hannah became the wife of William Baker and resides in Harrison township; Sofia is unmarried and lives with her mother in Mentone. Lyman Lai inter was a man t 0MPEXD1UM 01 rRAPHY. of much f ami honorable At the time of his death he left itate, and also 1 name which his children ari their credit, lie was a charter mem! , I. O. O I ed January 9, 1849. Marion M. Latimer was born in the vil- of Palestine, April 11. 1856, and was reared on his father's farm. He was well educated and concluded in follow farmi fe's 1 ccupation. He remained with his mother "ii the farm after her marriag Christian Sarber until he was twent; when mi January [3, 1881, he was united in marriage with Mi-- Ready B daughter of Washington Bybee and 1.1 Mien Bybee. To this union two children were Urn: Lyndes Levi, bom June 16, iss_>, wedded Miss Nellie Lyi n. April 10. 2, ami Minnie Mary, born November I I. INN;. Both children have been well edu- cated. Mr. Latimer has dune well since his marriage, and his wife has had not a little t> > i|n with his success, a- all good women will. At present he owns two hundred and fifty-one acres of excellent land and takes much interest in the rearing of graded cattle and hogs. He make- the most of his in- ie from his shipments of h'>.^-. He has always been active and full of business life and i< a line representative 1 f the Americ farmer and stock-raiser. 1 Repub- 1 d in his pari but ' take an active part, it >r is he iny ithin the gift of the o unty. I \< a in. known and where 1 \1'T. ANDREW GERI »\\ W( N The thriving cit) of Warsaw, K county. Indiana, has been the arena in \ many test ha- Keen had among the gladial the bar; and am se in- tellectual athletes Andrew Gerov Wood has invariably borne off the laurels in all n which he ha- engaged and now ' minent legal firm of W 1 & Bo of this city. He- Mr. Wood w nt officer throughout the late Civil war. Andrew < i. Wood was bom in Mai ville, Union county, Januan 1835, ail'! 1 of 1 >r. Ira and Ma: : 1 Haw ley) W 1. of win mi the former was in Til in Xew York and the latter near I ton, Ohio. Dr. Ira Wood came west when still a single young man. was marrii ( )hio, and was called fn m earth at the 1 I thirty-nine year-, leaving hi- « with five children. Mrs. Wood sustained herself and reared her children by keeping a -elect boarding house, many of hei E eminent citizens. In iN;.' Mr-, j^aret 1 llawlev 1 Wood was united in mar- for the second time, the fortunate man wh. 1 win her l n Fleck, of New ■ fornia, Ohio, where they re- i the death of Mr Fleck, which occurred in The then retunn Marysville, where -lie pass of her life, dying at the aj in 1882, in the first frame h< in Marysville, and which had bei by her first 1 1 ft. Ira \\ had reared three childrei v : John, a dealer in dru Mar) s\ tile : I :ontractor in the ■it at M COMPE.XDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 305 ville, at Bellefontaine, Ohio, and at Knox- ville, Tennessee. Through his mother, An- drew G. Wood is connected with the famous Rev. Hosea Bigelow, of the early Method- ist Episcopal church in Ohii ». Andrew G. Wood was a student at the Ohio Wesleyan University at the time of his mother's second marriage and was then seventeen years old. At eighteen he became a clerk in Milford Centre. Union county. and at twenty married Mi-^ Rose A. Reed. of the same town, and at once removed to Waterloo, Black Hawk county, Iowa, and engaged in general merchandising under the firm name of Elwell & Wood, their principal trade being with the Indians, the Sioux, who were clustered around Spirit Lake. He had invested two thousand one hundred dollars in this undertaking, and in two years added two thousand seven hundred dollars to his original capital. The inclemency of the weather, which was very rigor, .us during the winter season, caused his return to Ohio. In 1857 he re-engaged at Milford Centre in merchandising under the firm name of Wood & Red. investing all his capital, lint at the end of three years had lost it all. He next entered the law office of Cole & Law- rence, the leading attorneys-at-law in Marys- ville, diligently devoted himself to study, and was admitted to the bar in i860. At the eruption of the smoldering fires thai resulted in the Civil war. Mr. W 1 re- sponded to the first call for volunteers and enlisted in Company H, Thirteenth Ohio Infantry, for three-months service. The nent was assigned to the field in West Virginia under Col. Samuel l'iatt (brother of Don l'iatt). the regiment afterward be- ing under the command of ( Lionel I law kin-, and t 10k part in the battles of Phillippi, Carnifix Ferry and Greenbrier. For meri- torious conduct on the field, he was pro- moted to be second lieutenant of his com pany, and after other valiant service under Colonel Hawkins ami ( ieneral I'.uell was commissioned by Governor Morton as first lieutenant. He then raised Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-third Indiana In- fantry, at Greensburg, and with it saw ser- vice at Resaca and all through the Atlanta campaign', including Jonesboro, Kenesaw Mountain, and back to Franklin, Nashville, and thence to Wise's l'< rks and Kingston. Xorth Carolina, and a dozen other points, during the greater part of the time having command of his company. In the Atlanta campaign also he was an aide on the staff of Gen. John C. McQueston, and on that of General Strickland, and in Xorth Carolina was made judge advocate of courts martial at Salisbury from May until September, 1865. Many grave charges were brought before him, including that of murder, and among other culprits one young lady was found guilty of manslaughter and fined one thousand dollars. Captain Wood was honorably dis- charged from the service in September, 1865, and November n, [865, came to Warsaw, then the third town of any import- ance in northern Indiana', and here several of his wife's relatives had their abode. 1 fere he resumed the practice of the law. first on his sole account, next a- the head oi the firm of Wood & Brubaker Bros., and finally formed his .present co-partnership. In each case hi- partner had read law under him and had been. admitted to the bar from his office. Mr. Wood practices in all the courts, state and federal, and has met with a dazzling ;ss that has placed him among the 306 WPENDIUM OF BIouR.iriiY eminent ' E the state- eat that it can hardly be enlarged upon in the limited space that can be spared in Mr. Wood has lo,ng been an active and popular member of the Democratic part) and lias at different times been it- nominee for responsible positions of a legal character, such as prosecuting attorney, judge of the district court, etc., but his party was always the weaker of the two dominant pari his district. He has served a- delegate to county, state, district and congressional con- ventions, and f<>r thirty years was chairman of the Democratic county committee and member of tin- state committee. In [866-7 he was editor of the Warsaw Union the Democratic organ of northern Indiana, and in this capacity wielded a powerful in- fluence in molding public opinion r>n many matters besides politics, lie has served two term- as member of the city council and was the first Democrat that ever had thi- h The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. A. G tl has been crowned by the birth of four children, namely: Trclla. wife of Abe Bru- liaker. cashier of the State Bank; Jennie. wife of O. I' le, an attorney at Ft. Wayne; Emma, wife of < >. 1 '. Baker, a com- ilesman residing in Warsaw, and Xettie. wife of < *tto Philpott, superintend- ent of the cemetery in the same city. ternally Mr. W 1 was initiated as tld Fellow at Marysville, < )hio, in became a charter member of Lake I Warsaw in 1K74; ha- passed all lairs, has represented the 'mate -rand lodge; ha- been financial . and ilso a member of Hackelman Encampment N ind a captain of I \ T o. 5, Uniform Rank, and has attended the national canton. Capt. W - a charter member of Henry -;. dd Fellows order and a member of the Woman's i uxiliarj to the Grand Army of the Republic. Socially Mr. and Mrs. Wen d -tand very high in the : circles 1 if Warsaw and it i- the delight of the Captain and his wife to entertain their nu- merous friend- at their elegant home, where a liberal hospitality and a gracious recep- tion are always extended I and where the Captain enjo\ r s t' the ntni game at die-- in his well-appointed library when he meet- an opponent worthy of his SAMUEL S. R( >BINS< IX. The family of which this well known citizen i> a worthy representative cami this countrj originally from Ireland, his fa- ther. William Robinson, having been l>orn tucky. The Miller family, of which the subject's n preseiltative, were \V' m Pennsyl- vania ami were of German de-cent. In Kentucky William Robinson and Nancy Miller met and were married, for the Mil- ^0 AsvyV"*^ ■€/ Q\jr£~w* 'tr>^ ^"L COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY 307 lers had moved to that state. This was about the beginning of the nineteenth cen- tury. To the marriage of this couple .the following children were born: Henry, William. Robert, John, Sarah, Anna, George. James, Samuel, Andrew, two that died in infancy, Eliza and Nancy. Will- iam Robinson was a large farmer and stock raiser. At one time, it is related, he brought home with him a slave girl to help his wife in her domestic duties, but the wife refused to have her help at all, as she was unalter- ably opposed to slavery. The result was that no slaves were owned by Mr. Robin- son. In fact, so great became his own ob- horrence of the institution of slavery that he sold "lit in Kentucky in 1829 and came to Indiana, locating in Tippecanoe county. He entered a tract of three hundred and twenty acres of woodland, and began the task of clearing the same. He lived there until [839, when he sold out and moved to Kosciusko county and settled 1 in what is now Seward township. The land is now- owned by J. P. and S. M. Robinson and Benjamin F. Day. They came from near Lafayette. Indiana, in wagons. At that time there were a few people living in and around Akron, and from that point the fam- ily were obliged 1 to cut their way through the woods to reach their farm. It was cov- ered with dense timber and wild animals were plentiful. In [838 the men had come here, bought the land, cleared a small patch, and erected a small log cabin: Here Will- iam and his wife lived until their respective deaths. They became prominent in the township and had the highest respect of all. They were member- of the Presbyterian church, as their respective families had been For several generations. William became prominent and was identified with the growth of this section of the state. He as- sisted in viewing the roads, building bridges and in handling the affairs of the early schools and the township. At his death he left a comfortable estate and a name which all people respected. Samuel S. Robinson was born in Frank- lin county, Kentucky, March 24, 1824. and was reared upon his father's farm in the woods. He received a limited education and was kept at work pretty steadily, clear- ing off the trees and stumps and tilling the soil. He was not permitted to get lones* >me for want of something to do, and remained with his father until he was twenty years old, when the latter gave him his time and hired him on the farm. About this time the subject married Mi>s Eliza A. Paxton, and by her had two sons and two daughters, viz : Harriet E., who became the wife of Isaac Lyons and lives in Kansas ; Wilson B.. wdio died in childhood; Olive M., who died in infancy; Millard F., who married Miss Xettie Gison and lives in Kansas. Upon the death of his first wife Mr. Rob- inson wedded Mary A. Graham and had by her live children: Anson E.. unmarried; Austin M.. married, lives in Texas; Alfred E. married Agnes Lucas and lives in Kan- sas; Eliza S., who became the wife of Sam- uel R. Sands and resides in Toledo. Ohio; Mary E., unmarried. Tli> second wifi ing, Mr. Robinson wedded Mrs. Ruhamah W. Brown, widow of Smith Brown and daughter of Henry and Betsey (Tappen) Clark. She was born February 2,^. [835, her parents being natives of New ^i She was brought west in 1843. and upon reaching womanh 1 married Mr. Brown. and to that wedding one child was born: 3oS JPENDIUM <>1 : BIOGRAPHY. Owei .\n, who marriei Sands and I seward township. His second win \\ I • started for himself his father assisted him some- what in a material way. and to this he has I until hi lircumstances. In the spring of 1889 he moved fn m the farm in Seward township to Silver Lake and it ihc brick house where he now re- This he has improved until he ter hi> farm and taki isier than he did merly. lie and his excellent wife are now far advanced in life and in the natural course of e\ >-i i- must -■ >■ n pass away, but they w ill the satisfaction of knowing that the ■ r for their having lived. Mr. Robinson has voted the Republican t i c k ■ t the party was first organized, voting for John C. Fremont and all of the sequent presidential candidates 1 f that party down to the present, lie is much inter- ested in politics and rejoices in tl of hi- part\. Since he was eighteen year- old he was a member of the Presbyterian church, but n< w he and wife are members of the Lutheran church, he being a d< it the Lutheran church of Silver Lake at lie is a high-minded Christian n. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson ha valuable ent deed Martin Van Bun f the vvn, id if Mrs. I 1. will liv the readers of this volume: the Rebellion broke oul in - untry. He was filled with patriotism ai d felt ; man. if 5 . should the union of the \t that time he resided on a forty- arm in DeKalb county, and though he wife and -"II. the latter <>nly :; weeks old, he determined to enlist This Ik did. and a- he kissed hi- wife good-bye 1 either then thought that they would I [e entered the Fifth In.. Battery and marched away to the field of war. On April 1,;. 1862, he was laid under the sod in the sunny South, nevi return to his wife and litt'. I he -mall farm was partially cleared and was encum- bered, hut his widow went bravelj to free it and also improve it. The - in w ;: reputable citizen and the mother is the wife of Samuel S. Robinson. with her own hands in clearing burning the brush and tilling the -oil. Shi n< w owns one hundred and tweu- ty-fi ur acre- in Seward town-hip. the most of which was bought by her own ear Id )\\ \KD MO< >\\ Edward Moon, who is well remembered by the people of Kosciusk 1 count) as partner ii the late Hud— 1; Beck, his brother-in-law, came t< Warsaw ii where he lived the remainder of his life in the commodious home which irehased of his brotl after I of Warsaw he and 1 in that 1 ']•' '" I :i |ohn Tri.-h in the mauufae- COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 309 ture of wagons, the firm doing a large and profitable business and becoming widely known. Edward Moon was burn in Clarehill, (.."(unity Derry, Ireland, June jS, 1821. He was married to Miss Isabella Heanev. at Garvah, Ireland, April 23, 1844, and dur- ing the same year they came to America .m< I settled at Leesburg. Kosciusko county. F< >ur s< >ns were born to them, Daniel. George, John and William, all of whom are living except George, whose death, in 1893, was caused by an accident. After the death of his wife. September 8, 1853, Mr. Moon went to California for a few months'. He 1 successful there, but returned that he might lie with his children 1 , who were being cared for by friends, and engaged in the drug business, for about twenty years, in Leesburg. He was married February 14, [860, to Miss Isabella Smith, and to them six sons and two daughters were born. Three of these children died in infancy, and Edward F. is also deceased; Leolin, Isabella and Charles are still living. On February 10. [873, Mr. Moon was bereaved by the death of his second wife, and on March 25, 1S74. he was united in marriage with Mrs. Victoria Beck Smith, a lady of rare refine- ment and culture, and who is a deservedly popular lady in the vicinity in which she resides. Her unassuming manner and charming personality brings to her pleas- ant home the society-loving and literary people of Warsaw and the surrounding community. Having become a great sufferer from rheumatism, in [886, Mr. M compa- nied by his wife made a trip to California, find relief. ( )nly a temp change in his health resulted 2nd later he visited other famous resorts in search of benefit, but with small success. He had be- come so great a sufferer and moved about with such discomfort that his business was placed in the hands of his son, Edward F. For years he was a patient sufferer and at last, on November 1, 1895, peacefully gave up his spirit. The funeral services were in charge of the Lake City Odd Fellows and. as a mark of respect, resi ilutii >ns were passed expressing the sympathy of the lodge for the bereaved family. Mr. Moon was a strong Republican, but a liberal minded man. believing every other man had a right to his own opinions. He held to the good old notion that a man is made for the office, and not vice versa. His religious training began early in youth, be- ing reared under the strict Presbyterian in- fluence, and he remained for many years a communicant of the church, but later in life united with the Christian church. He held high rank in the Masonic lodge, being a Knight Templar, and was a charter member of the Lake City lodge of Odd Fellows. JOHN RHODES. John Rhodes, an enterprising farmer and highly respected citizen of Monroe township, is a son of David and \nua Rhodes and dates his birth from \pnl 30, [857. The father, a nativ* isylvania, was taken when about eight years old to Seneca county. Ohio, at that time a new and comparatively undeveloped country, and there grew to maturity amid the strong in- fluences of the pioneer period. When 1 young man he married a German girl by the 3«o COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. name of Anna Beigh, daughter of one of the early settlers, and immediately thereafter began housekeeping on a partially cleared farm wlierc lie livei the children horn to this excellent couple, viz.: Enoch, Mary. Delilah. Sarah A.. Meliuda. Harvey, Jcini- mah. Ann and John. n Rhodes first -aw the light of day in the home farm in Clay 1 now Lake) town- ship, and being the youngest of the family was >\empt from much of the hard work required to bring the placi tte of till- I le attended of win:' trict schools in the neighborhood and when enough busied himself with such labor as he could perform, growing up limb and with an indepi >n the 17th day of February, iNNm. he was united in marriage to Miss Lenora Hoaglandt, daughter of J. R. 11 land, one of the well-to-do farmer- of Mon- township, and shortly thereafter -et up a domestic establishment on the farm in Monroe township when since li lli- previous training and habits of indus- try eminently fitted him for the vocation which ' ti d for a life work and it was not long until he had earned the reputation of a careful and judicious farmer. bringing hi- place to a high state of cultivation and making a number of substantial impr< ments. lie now own-, one hundred and twenty acn I liable land, on which i- one of the finest private residences in the township, his home being comfortable in ail it- appointment- as well as attractive to the eve. In addition to genera! farming, Mr. Rhode- raises considerable live stock, in- sting the greater part of his income in this way atid seldom fai from hi- business transacti He very careful man. ice and rethought in what he undertakes and his und judgment enables him to prosecute ess ful issue anj enterprise to which he addresses himself. Taking an interest in politic.. nld. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 3ii he is rather independent in the matter of voting, usually casting his ballot for the candidate hest qualified, though in the main supporting the principles of the Democratic party. Mir. Rhodes lias the name of being an honest and upright man of the strictest in- tegrity and right nobly has he earned the wholesome reputation which is his. Quiet and unassuming in demeanor, with an agree- able personality, he is widely and favorably known and belongs to that sturdy class of citizens who by actions rather than words exercise a beneficial influence upon society and form the basis of the community's prog- ress and prosperity. He is a firm believer in revealed religion and at the present time is inclining to the belief of the United Brethren church, with which he contem- plates soon placing his membership. In his good work he is ably assisted by his faith- ful wife, a most estimable lady of many virtues, known and respected throughout the neighborhood for her sterling character and zeal in the cause of religion and moral- ity. Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes have one child, a daughter, Xellie Rose, whose birth occurred on the 17th day of October, 1S97. GEORGE McCOXXELL. Agriculture has been the true source of man's dominion on earth ever since the pri- mal existence of labor and has been the pivotal industry that has controlled for the most part all the fields of action to which his intelligence and energy have been devoted. In a civilized community no calling is so certain of yielding a compensatory return as that which is culled from a kindly soil, al- beit the husbandman at times is sorelv taxed in coaxing from Mother Earth all that he desires or even expects; yet she is a kind mother and seldom chastens with disappoint- ment the child whose diligence and frugality she deems it but just should be rewarded. The subject of this sketch has found a bene- factress in Mother Earth, for he was early deprived of the mother that bore him, and a father he never knew, as he was a posthu- mous child. George McConnell, of Jackson town- ship, Kosciusko county, Indiana, is a native of Coshocton county, Ohio, and was horn September 26, 1829. He is a son of ami Mercy McConnell, and, as intimated in the foregoing paragraph, never saw his fa- ther, who in life was a farmer. There were twelve children in the family besides him- self, and of these the names of ten can be re- called, viz.: Lucinda and Marinda (twins), Margaret, Acie, Andy, Matthias, James. Daniel, Francis and Samuel. Young George McConnell filially aided bis mother in the home place until he was fourteen years old and then went to live with his brother Francis for two years; he next worked on the farm of another brother until he decided to take unto himself a wife. He carried out this happy decision January 27, 1849. by leading to the marriage altar Miss Elizabeth Hunter, also a native of Coshocton county, Ohio, horn April 17. [830, an early playmate of our subject and a daughter of Thomas and Nancy (Hai desty) Hunter. The father. Thomas Hun- ter, was a native of Ireland, hut was a mere lad when brought to America by his parents. 3'2 tPENDIUM OF BIOGKM'IIY. w ho settled in < >hio. The m< 'titer was born, I and died in Coshocton county. She and her husband were the parents of eleven children, eight sons and three daughtei whom i"iir are living, as follows: Eliza- beth (Mr-. McConnell) ; Sarah, wifi John Mi 1 i Grant City, Missouri; Samuel, married, is a horticulturist and lives in Missouri; Pauline is the wife <>i" John McElwee, a farmer of Coshocton county, Ohi Mrs. McConnell received a common-school education and later became an ornament to the community in which she was reared t" womanho genial union of Mr. and Mrs. mnell have been lx>rn the following named children : I a irenzo I >., Harvey W., Patrick Henry, deceased, John !•'.. I 'auline, I- ' li m ed, < irant. de- ceased, William I>.. Lettie, Charles and Blanche. About three years after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. McConnell removed from Coshocton county, < )hio, to Whitley county, Indiana, where Mr. McConnell steadily 1 to the front and soon purchased a farm of one hundred and thirteen acres, nearly nil of which was covered with a dense growth of timber. This land he cleared and improved and made of it one of the handsomest and most profitable t';irm- in the country. On this farm he lived from [852 until September, 1882, when he came to iunty and bought a small place half a mile north of Sidney, on which lie -till lives and has as co*y a home as there is in Jackson township. He has, moreover, in- ish capital to about five thou- sand dollar- and all thi- property and capital result from his own labor and frugality, as- sisted by his willing and amicable wife, who c- much credit for the part she has taken in advancing the prosperity of the family. In January. 1899, Mr. and Mrs. nnell celebrated the golden annivers- ary of their wedding, upon that occasion re- ceiving many hearty congratulations front their numerous friends here and elsewhere. Mr. McConnell. since he became of has always taken an active interest in the affairs of the Republican party, with which he 1- very popular personally and has several times represented the Republican his township in their county conventions. He has. however, never sought a public office nor any other reward for his de\ to his party. Mr. and Mrs. McConnell are devout members of the Christian church, which they aid liberally by contributii its support fn m their means and the t< if which they implicitly follow. He stands very high in the esteem ^i his fellow- townsmen and neighbors, and most servedly so, inasmuch a- from a poor hoy he ha- raised himself to a p isition of considera- tion and influence, and in this esteem hi- he- loved wife and children have a full sh While a distinguished ancestry may amount to much and notable family con- ns have great influence in advancing a man'- career, the history of tin- country gives many instances of the prominem the present generation over the obscuril the preceding, ami when natural abilities and an unborn spirit of ]>• re added. success in life is almost sure to be the re- sult, .'.lid this fact has been exemplified in the career of ' McConnell. who, unaided by the pr< f a brilliant ancestral his- torv. at lea-t a- far as it is known in thi-. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 3'3 his native country, has made himself what lie is without any such extraneous advan- tage, great as it is in the life of him who is fortunate enough to possess it. JOHN PRISER. John Priser. a prominent farmer and stock-raiser of Monroe township, was born February 9, 1844. > n Montgomery county, where his ancestors had settled in an early day. His father, David Priser, moved to the above county and state when a small boy, and on reaching the years of manhood was married there to Mi-- Margaret War- ner, who became the mother of two sons and five daughters, namely : George. Mary. Nancy, Catherine. Susan, John and' Eliza- beth. David i'riser died when the subject of this sketch was five years old. after which event the mother sold the farm and came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, purchasing a farm in Jackson township where she died the year following her arrival. Of her seven small children all of whom were left to the care of friends and neighbors. John was taken by an uncle. Samuel Miller, whose house he made his home until that gentle- man died, which occurred when the lad was twelve years of age. From that time until his eighteenth year the boy lived with his older brother. George Priser. who looked after his interests and gave him the advan- tage- of a good common-school education. He grew up a strong, healthy youth and sev- eral years before reaching maturity could easilj do a man's work at any kind of labor on the farm. When the great Civil war broke out. young I'riser. animated by a gen- uine devotion to his country, tendered his service in behalf of its interests, enlisting in September. 1862, in Company M, Fifth In- diana Cavalry, which was mustered at Indi- anapolis and experienced its first active ser- vice while pursuing the Rebel General Mor- gan through various parts of Kentucky. Subsequently Mr. Priser took part in a num- ber of campaigns in Tennessee and Georgia, participating in some of the most noted bat- tles of the war. and at the expiration of bis period of enlistment, in 1865. was dis- charged, after giving three of hi- best vears to the service of his country. While in the army he husbanded his pay with the most scrupulous care and at the close of the struggle found himself the pos- sessor of quite a snug sum of money, which was judiciously loaned at a liberal interest. Returning home. Mr. Priser worked for some time at farm labor in this county and later was similarly employed for nearly nine years in various parts of Indiana, Ohio and Illinois. In September 1874, he took to himself a helpmeet in the person of Miss Amanda McPherson, daughter of Solomon McPherson, one of the pioneers of Monroe township, and the marriage was blessed with one child. Minnie, whose birth occurred on the 31st of May, 1883. Some time prior to his marriage Mr. Priser purchased the farm in Monroe township where be now lives, and it was on this place that he set up his first domestic establishment and began life a- a prosperous tiller of the soil. Since that time. by much labor and successful management, he has brought his farm to a high state of cultivation and made a number of valuable improvement-, among which are a line and commodious dwelling supplied with all the 3«4 PEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 'culate■ hich iiave w him 83, the death ijel entered Mr. I therefrom the : 1 1 1 and in March; 1890, lie married h m- ]»ai: a -id Hannah 1 Hickman 1 Ross, a unii n without ere ami the early settler- - ip, the fat: rman and the mother - tch- Iri-h de-cent. They came to the county when the country was an almost unbroken took an active part in n- ck- at that time were tr. par - 'hern Indiana in - _ tth- • _ -'ill living, ha\ 1 lie ripe ent ■ >f ! . inty continui $48 .it the present time makes her home with _ iter, the wife of < air subject. In all that constitutes true manh 1 and ship Mr. Priser is a 1 ample and ni Jier than he in the •ii ami confidence of the community. lh- I by duty faithful]} nd by industry, thrift and • - he ha- acquired a lib- ■ E ;i"ii which b) tile '11- y act. He is g anient and pi news ami while keeping If well informed upon current events lively interest in all public af- vnship and county, has never had tiie fainu - quiet nted life <>n the cozy farm for the which usually come t>> in whi He has \\"rked hard for that which he ■ and knows hi w t. > appreciate the true ■ \'e\erthe- - lil>era] in his bene and stands ever ready to support with hi- inrlu- .nd means all me r the material and nigral welfan - community. In a art su| :' the Re- publican party and in relig with his wife, t" the dermaii Baptist church. CHARLES 1'.. BENTLEY. stmaster of War- saw. Indiana, is a native of Massachi and first saw the light of day in the cil n, August -'4. 1856. His father. Richard I'. Bentley, was born in 1 .ml, and immigrated i" Amen. iting in Boston, where hi in the manufactun During the Civil war he wa- Idier and :i the Army of the Poto- mac. Ill - ken prisoner at Harper's Kerry and held until exchanged. He part in a number of hard-fought b skirn ^ which were the -1 battle of Hull Run. Chancellorsville and COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 3i5 Fredericksburg-. The subject's mother bore the name of Ann Mclnnis, was a native of Ireland and came to America during- her girlhoi >d. Charles B. Bentley was reared in the city of Boston and between the ages of twelve and fifteen served as a telegraph messenger and also clerked in a drug store in that city. He obtained his education by attend- ing the night schools, in which he was an apt pupil, having made rapid progress in his studies. At the age of fifteen he com- menced tit learn cigar making at Dover, Massachusetts, working there seven months, and then returned to Boston, where he served an apprenticeship of a year and a half at the trade. When about seventeen he went tn Westhehl. where he received regular wages and subsequently worked at various places as a journeyman, but mostly in Bos- ton until 1880, when he came to Warsaw, Indiana, and worked a year for other parties. In 1881 he established himself in the busi- ness of manufacturing cigars at Warsaw, which he continued for about twelve years with encouraging success. For some time thereafter he was engaged in the life insur- ance and book business and subsequently be- came foreman in the Foster cigar factory at this place. On the 1st day of October. [883, Air. Bentley was united in marriage at Warsaw to Miss Jeanette Jerman, daughter of Daniel and Rebecca (Findley) Jerman, of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, a union blessed with the birth of three children, viz: Philip J., Wilina F. and Anna C. all at home. Mr. Bentley was appointed postmaster of Warsaw in November, 1897, a,1 'l reap- pointed in January, [902. When he en- tered upon the duties of the position War- saw was a third-class office and through his energies it has been raised to the second class, with free city delivery service, which was established in December, 1900. Five rural delivery routes have also been estab- lished, with a sixth under headway which will doubtless be established during the sum- mer of 1902. Mr. Bentley has been instru- mental in bringing about these results and the credit is largely due to his energies and enterprising spirit. He is an uncompromis- ing Republican in politics and takes an active interest in his party's welfare. Fie was for eight years a member of the county central committee, served as president of the Young Men's Republican Club of Warsaw for two terms, and in 1896 was chosen district chair- man of the Lincoln League. He is an hon- ored member of Lake City Lodge Xo. 430, 1. O. O. F., also a Knight of Pythias and an Elk. He was a member of the city coun- cil from 1891 to 1893, the duties of which position he discharged to the satisfaction of all and with credit to himself. Mr. Bentley is one of Kosciusko coun- ty's popular citizens and since becoming a resident of Warsaw has been a potent fac- tor in public affairs. While an active Re- publican, his social qualities are such that many of his warm personal friends are among those who hold views diametrically opposed to his own. He is respected by all classes and conditions of people and as an official is painstaking and obliging, his re- lations with the public being most pleasant and agreeable. He possesses a personality that wins him friends and all who know him speak in high terms of his many fine qualities and upright conduct. 19 3i6 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. FREDERICK McSHERRY, JR. There'is great difference in this world of ours as to how we get <>ur property, whether by small degrees and hard toil, or by sud- denly making it in one or a few lucky vent- ures, or by inheriting it fr.nn successful and thrifty ai One important fact will not be disputed: That if a man cam- it by hard knocks he is much more likely to re- tain it than if it had been left him by his hi- not and hard-working father. "Come ea^y. . " i- literally true, hut it i- not t.. the credit of any one that it i- so. People of all occupations should he thrifty ei t.. tai if what they have, no matter how they obtained it. fi r they have others to consider — children who have the right to de- mand of parents that they save the property left to them by ai Such is a family inheritance which no member has the right t.. squander and dissipate. Thrift should characterize the effort- of every one, does the subject of this -ketch. He knows how to take care of hi- property, a most valuable qualification. He was horn in Ohio on August 19, 1837, and is the son of | crick and Catherine (Work) McSherfy. Grandfather McSherry was a native of the Emerald Isle, a- was also his wife. They ed the .cean to America and firsl set- tled in Pennsylvania, hut later came on to Ohio. When the father of subject was a bo) he learned the miller*- trade in Pennsyl- vania and < )hi... and upon reaching maturity married Mi-- \\..rk. their marriage occur- in Pennsylvania. Upon comii ■Ohii he follow i-d the trade of milling. In iS)m lie came to Kosciusko county and en- ' one hundred and sixty acre- in the deep wood- on section (O, Seward town- ship, where Frederick, Jr.. r. w live-. He built a abin and placed his family therein and beg > ir the land of its heavy coat of timber. This section was very new at that time, there hem- 11- road- and wild animal- and Indian- were numerous. The latter often came to the house to trade with the members of the family. To Fred- erick McSherry. Sr., nine children were lvirn. their name- her e Will- iam. Andrew. James, Violet, [sabelle, Rob- ert, Louisa, Frank, and Frederick, sul 'l"lie latter 1- the youngest of the family and only one living. He wa- reared in the wilds ..f Seward township and at a very early earned to -win- the ax and the hoe. Hi- summers were spent in cl< ff the from the land and in planting and har- vesting rops among the stumps that 1 the clearings. In the winter- he was given a respite from hard labor, hut w quired to take care of the stock while attcnd- at the . 'Id I. >g schoolhouse, 1 with a roaring fireplace. Hi- education was limited, hut was sufficient to enable him to handle ordinary business. November '■. 1859, he wa- united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of George and Percella (Keester) VVilks. Her parents were from Pennsylvania, where they married and re- sided until their respective death-. Eliza- beth W ilk- came to this comity when she wa- eighteen Id and lived with her Uncle, 1-aac Harbman, until her marriage. She was horn July lie reviewed by the President and the greal generals as they inarched down Pennsylvania avenue t" the "Yankee 1 > nd the "Star Spangled Banner." Then they were sent home t" their happy families t<> take up more the duties of peace. He served through the war without a wound, and draw- a pension of ten dollars. While he n the service of his country his father and after his return he rented tl" farm for a time. Later he went t" Mar- shall county, and farmed there for six mi land owned by his wife, and then re- turned and bought the "Id Smith homestead and here he has remained until the present time. When thus bought the "Id farm con- sisted of "tie hundred and eighty acre-, hut now Mr. Smith owns a total of three hun- and thirty acre-. 1 li- farm the best in this pan of the county. He has a tine brick house and a commodious barn and i< in very comfortable circumstances. In I Si .7 he wedded Mi-- Silence, daughter of Jacob and Eliza (Turner) Raber. She wa- lxirn in Marshall county October 17. and i- now the only living child of her parents. Two of her brothers were in the Seventy-fourth Regiment Indiana Infantry. one of whom died in the government hos- ..t Nashville and the other wa.- br hack t" his home only t" die as the result of his hardships in the service of hi- coun- try. To Mr. and Mr-. Smith nine children were ■ fi illow - : ( leanlhu- M.. l»>rn October i-\ 1868, wedded Mi-- Rebecca Martin ami live- in Franklin township; William t >.. born August 4. 1870, married Mi-- Emma [efferies and resides in Mar- shall county; < '-car 1 ).. born Novemb* 1872, died in 1S74: Rosella, born Ma 1876, died August 3 Alpheus R., born March 30, 1879, wedded Miss Mirtie Brown; Bertha A., born May 20, 1882, mar- ried Mace Sarber; < >ra A., born September 'i. 1884. The family i- one of the most prominent in the county and Mr. and Mrs. Smith are people of the highest character. He 1- a member of William Raber Pi A. R., at Mentone, the post being nana a brother of Mr-. Smith'- who gave hi- life t" hi- country. Mr. Smith is a stanch Re- publican and has the respect of a large circle of acquaintances, while his splendid military record is the pride of hi- descendants and In- neighbors. ANDREW J. SMITH. This well-known citizen and farmer is a descendant of the "Id settler. Leonard Smith, an account of whose life will he found elsewhere in this volume. They were among the lir-t settler- t" come to the wilds of northern Indiana and undertake tin of clearing a farm and a home from the dense « Is. When the family arrived here the clearings were few and far between, and the large family of boys and girls were re- quired t" stir them-< r off the heavy timber and brush wood that cumbered il ami kept out the sunlight. Andrew J. Smith wa- born April 14. 1850, and in youth had hi- -hare of work. The long summer- were s|k.mu raising the crop among tumps and the winters in ■_ ! t" the famous "Id pioneei And a- tiie years passed away, steadily, t""t tnd was cleared of it- timber COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 319 ;ui(l the wild animals were driven off or killed. Much more concerning' the parents may be found in the sketches of John C. and George W. Smith, brothers of the sub- ject, seen elsewhere in this book. Andrew was reared on his father's farm and chose that occupation when he reached years of discretion. He knew what was necessary on the farm and felt himself competent to do the duty required of a first-class farmer. He received a fair education, hut was not much interested in his books, and would much prefer to chase the rabbits through the neighboring thickets than pore over some old schoolbook in a hot ami stuffy school- room under the eye of some domineering and inflexible master. And he received about as much culture as the average boy of his day, as it was. and had much more sport than many of the others. The result was to give him an iron constitution and a love for the duties of the farm. He remained upon his father's farm until he had attained the age of twenty-one years-, and was then united in matrimony with Miss Malinda C, daughter of Daniel and Nancy ( Yander- mark) Hipsher, the marriage occurring Oc- tober 1. 1 87 1. She was born February 25, [851. Her grandfather, Daniel Hipsher, was a native of Holland, where he grew "up and was married. Soon afterward, with his bride, be crossed the ocean and found a home in the wilds of Ohio, that being .1 very early day in the settlement of that state. Her father was burn in the Buckeye State and was reared there, but came in early tnanh 1 t" this county and settled on a farm near Palestine, where he worked at bis trade of blacksmithing. lie passed away in 1871 and his widow in [876. To the mar- riage ^'i subject and wife the following chil- dren were born : Mary A., born February _'. 1872, who received a good education and became the wife of David Ingle, resides in Harrison township: LaVergne, born Decem- ber 19, 1873, is living in Illinois and en- gaged in farming; Frederick, born .May 16, 1876, died December 12, 1879; Clement, born December 31. [878, married Miss Effa Sanders and lives in Chase county. Kansas; Ethel V., born May 20. 1890. Mr. Smith is engaged in farming ami stock raising, making a good income by raising stock horses and hogs. He is a Republican and is a broad-minded and liberal man. He has much influence in the township, has repre- sented his neighbors in the county conven- tions of his party, and served as supervisor of the township for twelve years, declining further re-election. He is thoroughly hon- est and has the unbounded confidence of all who know him. DAVID H. LESSIG. The Lake City Bank of Warsaw was or- ganized as a state bank, with sixty thousand dollars capital and with James McMurray, now retired and living in Indianapolis, as the first president. He was succeeded by Hudson Beck, who continued as president until his death in [884. W. B. Funk, who still resides in Warsaw and who was ex- treasurer, fi db wed Mr. Beck, he in turn be- ing succeeded by David II. Lessig, Novem- bei 'i, 1898. the present incumbent of that office. The first cashier was John 11. Lewis, who was succeeded by Albion Beck, son of Hudson Beck, about the time his father be- came president of the bank, and remained 3^o UPENDIUM OF BlOGRAl'llY. until after his father's death. Samuel Bit- uIim had come into the hank a- book- kte; elected cashier i •i that place at this writing. The board of directors have b< chosen from the careful and conservative business men of the community. They J. VY. Curtis, a jeweler, J. M. Bash, M. 1).. W. I). Wi od, ex-ci unty clerk, A. I. Thom- i fanner. ( >scar Harding, a farmer. John ■iier. a hardware merchant, and D. II. Les dent of the bank. Tl tween twenty-fivi thirty stockholder all local met ■ building was < in [870 and the hank is provided with a Hall f the hank show sixty thou- fr< in one hun- dred and thirty thousand to die hundred and fortj thousand dollars, with a surplus fifteen thousand dollars, dividends of from to eight per cent, are paid semi- ually, the stock being held at six per cent. to ten per cent, premium. At the expii tion of the old charter, in 1895, the hank was rporated under the name of the Lake 1 'ity Bank. id II. I irn near < loshen, hart county, Indiana. September 4. 1N51. 1 lis parents, I abeth 1 [art Lessig, were both native- of Pennsylvania. They were married in Ohio, coming to 1 11- diai by he n building up trade. Although In • from [856 to the time tember 4. [868. His sur- vived him nearly thirty years, her death curring in February, 1 1 Her with her two surviving child- net. I Mrs. \V. R, en, and D C, tin e of the calls to war and. although onlj joined the first tny formed usko county. After the three-months ice he re-enlisted for one year and the three yeai vice her g General Williams. After the f the 5ted in I until his fathei his m\n death g two at the age of thirty. I >avid spent his lw.yh 1 da een attending his fathei After the 1 his father he lefl and one year later he under ( ieneral William-, who was then clerk of the county. I' mained in that office two and a h I kirii . years he was able training in the sch< IK- was next employed by railn Stanley at Lei n the grain able < d business. He remained in thi - and th< a nev I Leesburg, continuing in this busini pt for a brief interval, until he \\ unty auditor, in 1894. It is in'' this man 1 le retail ffice of audil havii s i's father had been act: and the son became imbued with R< princi rly in life. He trustee for Plain township fi jter at Leesburg I during Ham- n's adminis ■ COMPEXPIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 321 is still active in political work. He gave his personaJ attention to the routine duties of his office as auditor and was the first auditor of Kosciusko county elected under the new- law. That lie proved faithful in public trust is shown 1>\ his being called to the presi- dency of the Lake City Bank immediately upon the expiration of his term as auditor, without solicitation on his part, as he was preparing to return to Leesburg, where he had business interests. Since assuming the presidency he has devoted his entire time and energies to the direction of the hank, which, due to his careful management and his knowledge 1 f the business interests of the count}, continues to lie a substantia] in- stitution. Mr. Lessig is of delicate constitution, having been threatened with hereditary con- sumption, of which his brother died. He is a lover of out-of-door life and especially en- joys camping out near Tippecanoe lake. At the age of twenty-four years Mr. Lessig- u as married to Miss Fanny S. Rich- ards! 11. of Rochester, New York, who died one year later and was buried on the first anniversar) of her marriage. She left a daughter. Fanny E., who is now the wife of Earl VV. Conrad, of Warsaw. After nine year- Mr. Lessig was again married, this time to Mary Eugine Killbury, of Hornells- ville. Xew York, whom he met while -he was visiting relatives in this county. Four children were 1" rn to them. Harriet Louise, ph S., I). maid Killbury and Eleanor Horton. Mr-. Lessig is devoted to her fam- ily and i- a capable wiir and mother. She i- a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Lessig i- a member of the Ma ■■ No. [81, at Leesburg, in which he served as worshipful master for s< years and was for some time an active lodge worker. He is also a member of the chap- ter at Warsaw. JAMES WILLIAM LIGHTFOOT. It is not often that gentlemen who fol- low the vocation of farming turn their foot- steps to the east, coming from a state noted fur its congenial climate and productive and where land is supposed to he plentiful and easily obtained. Yet such was the case with those who controlled the early years oi our subject; it might he said, however, that it was foreordained by that mysterious providence which leads without our knowl- edge. James William Lightfoot i- a nativi the great state of Missouri and was born March 2. 1845. His early life was there spent until the death of his parents, which occurred in 1852, when he was a lad of hut seven years. After the said bereavement the elder children determined to make a home in Indiana and that year came to Kosciusko county. It was here that young James Lightfoot was reared, receiving his instruction in the common schools of the district during the winter seasons, and when old enough assisted in the labor incident to the life of a farmer boy. That he was an apt pupil in both school ami farm is evi- denced by his present pleasant home and surroundings, and the prosperity which at- tend- him in these later years of life can be attributed to that inherent energy and de- termination which wins success, even r adverse circumstances. On August jo. [875, Mr. Lightfoot was UPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY married to Mi-- Hul tbeth Stii born March 30, [851, in this county, a daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Wilson) Stinson. Ilcr father, Jacob Stins ceased), was one of the early pioneei Indiana and a large land holder in K u-k" county. Mr. and Mr-. Lightfoot are the parents of six children, namely: Garrett B., who married Nora Menzie, is a farmer of this count} : Lester H. is at home with his parents; Leqn J. died at the aye of fif- teen; Mary 1... John S. and G \. arc- all at In. me. Mr. ami Mr-. Lightfoot attend the Methi disl Episcopal church, and are held in much esteem b) their numerous friend- \"Y their excellent qualities. Mr. Lightf a Republican in politics, but | time litical mattei> beyond a proper ex< .of his right of franchise. He is an excel- lent, quiet citizen, and enjoys the respect and confidence of hi- neighbors and friends, wh. 1 have known him from early D03 J( ISEPH SMALLEY. The family represented by the subject of this memoir moved t" this state when the country was a wilderness, tilled with wild animal- and with Indian- about as wild and dangerous as the animals. They were pio- of the typical class, and went into the w 1- with Christian fortitude t<> carve from the wild- h.. nies of comfort and refine- ment. They located in Noble county. Indi- ana, in [836, when there were not a families within a- many mile- 1 Her fre- quented the 1 made and their crop- \w-av~ were often encounl in the cornfield in r< ear time, ami the domestic animals had to he looked after sharply or they fell a pre)' to the wolves and They were required t" cut their homes from the di -t- which co the land, and not a crop could lie : until the timber had been burned and the sunlight had been let in to drink up the surplus moisture of the soil. The subject ■orn in Fayette county, Ohio, and is the child of David and Margaret (Shobe) Smalley. David was reared on his father's farm in that county, and was taught to know what hard work meant at almost the com- mencement of his life. He wa- given such education as tin. subscription schools of his day afforded, and upon reaching manhood married Mi-- Margaret Shobe. To this union were horn four children, a- follow--. -a. horn in 1S40. who is unmarried and lives with her brother in Noble county; 1. subject; Jacob, unmarried, who re- side- in Noble county and is engaged in farming and stuck raising; one that died in infancy. David Smalley'- father moved his family from Fayette county. Ohio, to Noble county. Indiana, in 1836, and there they en- tered a large tract of wild land, all covered with heavy timber. Later the father gave each of hi- children eighty acre- if this farm, and they settled on the same and be- gan to clear away the dense brush and tim- ber. It i- claimed that at that time there li viiii,' in what is now Noble county. At any rate thi- -how- how new the countrj nd with what td t" contend. The mills were - ■•] mile- away and the pplies e without. A little - if I >a\ id caught the JOSEPH SMALLEY FAMILY GROUP COMPF.XPirM OF BIOGRAPHY 32; gold fever and joined a troop of men and crossed the plains to California, llis experi- ences for many years were the talk of his family and friends and would themselves make an interesting volume. David lived and died in Noble county, and was one of its foremost citizens and old settlers. His life was tilled with exciting events connected with the early times. David grew to man- hood in Noble county, and received his ed- ucation at the pioneer schools, attending the old log house, with its slab seats and clap- hoard roof, its stone chimney and its pun- cheon floor and greased windows. His son, the subject of this memoir, was given better opportunities, as he came at a later day when the pioneer days were drawing i< > a close. He was reared on the farm and upon at- taining manhood met and married Miss Mary Bybee, November 17, 187 1. To this union were born six children, as follows: Harry, born September 14, 1873, who is unmarried and resides at home; Gertrude, born Februarv 25, 1878, is unmarried and lives with her father; Lucinda, born Sep- tember 25, 188 1, is unmarried and lives with her parents; Delia, horn June 22, 1875. died February 4, 1890; two others died un- named. After marriage the subject lived in Noble count}' for thirteen years, and then moved with his family to Seward township. this county, and here they have since re- mained. Mr. Smalley is a strict Republican. has served his township as delegate in the county conventions, and is regarded as a citizen of high character and irreproachable life. Mrs. Smalley is a member of the United Brethren church and both are uni- versally respected. GEORGE W. SMITH. This well-known citizen comes from one of the oldest families in this portion of the state. They settled in this county when the land was covered with heavy timber and- when scarcely a clearing had been made in the vast expanse of wooded soil. The fam- ily is of German descent. The great-grand- father came from the Fatherland to Amer- ica before the Revolution and settled in the Keystone state when he was still a single man. Leonard Smith, Sr., was one of his si ms. The latter was reared a farmer and upon attaining man's estate married Miss Brifogle, and to them were born Leonard, Jr., John. Peter. Jacob. Margaret, Elizabeth and Maria. Leonard. Jr., distinguished himself in his opposition to slavery. He was an eloquent speaker and on all occasions made war upon the institution of slavery. He did not hesitate to disobey the infamous fugitive slave law, which required northern men to assist in capturing runaway slaves and return them to their masters. Instead of doing this, he did as many of the great- est men of that time did — assisted them in their efforts to escape their cruel masters. He was connected with the famous "un- derground railroad," which was formed in secret to help the slaves escape, lie mar- ried Miss Mary Heise and came to this county in 1848 or [849, settling on the farm where John C. Smith 1 , brother of subject, now resides. After a long and eventful lite he passed away in 1865. His widow sur- vived until October [6, [892, when she. too, crossed the silent river. George W. Smith, the son of Leonard and Mary Smith, was bom in Franklin tPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY township, tlii- county, Februarj .;. 1856, and was reared "it his father's farm, re- ceivii j ! a fair education and ! the busii farming in all its detail^. He finished his schooling in the grades and in the normal schoi Is at Warsaw and was far enough advanced to teach in Is, which lie did - with e I le held one of the ded certificates of that day. He tl t first that he might perma- t'.entl 1' teachii well was he Inn finally he determined t" leave the in !<>r the farm, and a< ught the land where he now res "lie hundred and twenty acres, the 111 which 1 with dense woods. Pre- in the farm he was. Au- gust 2$, 1884, united in marriage with Mi" - mnel and J. 1 Warren ) Jones. She was born June IO, 1865. Her lather served in the Union army during the Rebellion, and long after the war. in December, [896, he was killed by a train at Burket. < >ne child was born t" Mr. and Mrs. Smith. Cora, born August 15. 1885, and died September [3, Mr. Smith has a fine farm, well ed and cultivated, lie is a Republican ami is much interested in the success of hi- party in county, state and nation. He has hairman of the 1 ship committee, and - In [884 he \ tnklin township by a 111.!' f thir- tlie i' w nship bei 1 >em n ing the hiu in which he was held. It she mid be borne in mind that I of trustee i> th< \ nship he havii the affairs of the township. Upon his r< Mr. Smith received an increased majority, an in- dication of the satisfacti< n felt bj stituents. When he assumed the office the township was heavily in debt, but at the conclusion of his service the ind< had been, wiped «.nt and a neat sum v, rj He made the effort t" and did die standard hing in the town- ship. He and his wife are members of the United Brethren church in Seward town- ship. They stand high in the community and have the unbounded resp< who the plea their friendship. GEORGE I). ROSE. This gentleman is another soldiers whom it is a deUght t" h They are getting fewer and fewer in num- ber and their inarch i- quick and full of meaning ami tire as it was nearly forty : l>nt it thrills .me t" sec them in their old uniforms, with their tatti flying and their forms benl as they ; 1 heir canes at the r< Memorial day or the Fourth of July. And interestii . them tell the of the dreadful hardships they endured in the hospital: (r in the battles "r skirmishes, or in the 5 tuthern 1 racy. But their tinu I now . so all p< should join in honoring them for the - they made when they were j 1 life, hut which we: ■1 the altar of their country, eje I > k se, Jr.. was bom a - L uisville, COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 325 Stark county, Ohio. September 14, 1836, and is the son of George 1>.. Sr., and Cath- erine iZerl)\ i Rose. The Rose family is of Germanic descent, the grandfather emigrat- ing from his native land to America in 1793, when he was a lad of two years. The family first located in Maryland and there the grandfather grew up and learned the jeweler'- trade, his residence and shop be- ing in Georgetown. He lived there until the day of his death. The father of the subject was reared in Maryland and when a young man was put out to learn the shoe- maker's trade. It was thought proper then that all boys should know some trade. After he Ikui served his apprenticeship he opened a shop of his own in Fredericksburg, Alary- land, and remained there several years. While at Reading, Pennsylvania, he met Mi-- Catherine Zerby and soon afterward, in 181 7, they were married. To this mar- riage fourteen children were born, five sons and nine daughters : Elizabeth, who be- came the wife of Solomon Cliugerman, and after his death married Thomas Tegarder, who died in April, 1902; she is still living and reside- in Wisconsin: Susanna, who be- came the wife of Henry Horner and is de- ceased: Henrietta, who wedded Charles Rockhill and is deceased: Jacob, who died when young; Catherine, who became the wife nf Richard Hatfield and resides in Cedar Rapids, Nebraska; Josiah, who mar- ried Mary A. Flowers, was a soldier in the Union army during the Rebellion, a private in Company K. Twenty-eighth [owa Vol- unteer Infantry: he i- deceased and his widow lives in Kansas; Mary A., born Au- gust 8, 1829, wa- married in 1845 to Will- iam R. Hatfield, now deceased, ami she lives in Claypool, this county; Margaret, who he- came the wife of John McCone and is de- ceased; Lucinda, who wedded Aaron Flow- ers and lives in Oklahoma; George D., Jr.; John H., who died at the age of fifteen years; Edward, who died aged eighteen years; Sarah, who married Farris Whitwer, a soldier in the Union army during the Re- bellion; Rebecca, who became the wife of William YanHorn and lives in Clearwater, Nebraska. The father of the subject be- came a prominent man in Stark county, Ohio, whither he moved at an early day. He was an active Whig, and as such was elected sheriff of that count)-. He was an auctioneer 1 f considerable prominence. He became a member of the Baptist church, and '- a man of liberal habits ami of much intelligence. In April, 1X40. he came with his family to Laporte county, Indiana, and five years later removed to Clay township, this count}-, and there followed his trade of journeyman shoemaker. He and his wife were worthy people. She died in 1 S74. at the age of seventy-four years, while he re- mained until 1880. when he, too, passed away at the age of eighty-five year-. George D. Rose passed through the usual experience- of boys of the early days. He received a meager education, learning to read and write after he became a man. On the 27th of September. 1861, he en- listed in Company E, Fourteenth low a In- fantry, and after a season in the camp of instruction was sent to the scene of conflict down the Mississippi river. His first ice was at Fort Henry ami after it- capture he participated in the battle ^\ Fort Donel- -011. being engaged for four days. He 1 with the army of General Grant up the Tennessee river and encamped near Pittsburg Landing. Here on the 6th and 326 COMI'EMVCU OF BIOGRAPHY. —tli of April, [862, he fought in the Derate battle of Shiloh. Late in the day he was captured by the enemy, but Mr. Rose, together with a squad of others, gave them >ail" and skedaddled hack to General Sherman's corps. After this what was left of the regiment was placed in the l"ni"n Brigade. He took part in the siege of Corinth and in the battle of that name, and there, "ii October 3, 1862, lie was shot through the right shoulder and laid three days in the mud and rain before he was picked u|». He remained in the hospital for months and was then discharged from the service; he has never fully recovered fn«m the effects of his wound and the ex- posure. Previous to the war. while in Jasper county, Iowa. Mr. Rose married Miss Anderson, the ceremony taking place De- cember .}. 1858. She bore him three chil- dren, one girl and two boys: Emma R., who became the wife of I 1 and lives in Trail, Oklahoma; Elmer E., unmar- ried, was a soldier in the Philippines as a member of Company II. Twenty-third United States Infantry: Thomas S. died when four years old. Mr. Rose lost his wife by death February 11. 1*74. Owing is splendid war record, Mr. Rose was ■] door-keepi of repre- sentatives for the sixteenth and seventeenth ra] assemblies of [owa, and was made int-at-arms of the hi -lie eight- eenth general assembly. Succeeding this he was appointed guard ^\ the state pris Fort Madison for a term of four year-, hut only served two years and two months, when he resigned, lie served a- deputy sheriff of this county for live years. IK- is a member of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic and of the Knights of Pythias. He i- an anient Republican, and one of the most prominent men in this portion of the PETER SYLVESTER C< K IK. Peter Sylvester Cook, a native of Har- township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, was born November jo, [846, ami i- a son of John YV. and Ann (Pittenger) < His early education was obtained in t! 1 subscription anil free schools of his town- ship and the high schools of Warsaw. Not being satisfied with the knowledge already obtained, he later entered DePauw Univer- sity, at Greencastle, Indiana, and later the Dunkard University •■{ Warsaw, where he took a special course in mathematics and later a higher course in a university in ( >hio. He was al-o educated in voice culture. In the meantime he had taught four terms in the district s,-' his native county and as an educator gained considerable distinc- tion, being asked many time- to continue in this direction. Having from early youth had a great de-ire for the pulpit, he had 1' mg before this determined to enter the min- i-try. which he did. He Studied under the Methodist denomination and was ordained as deacon in 1878 and as elder in 1880. Subsequently he was a missionary to \ irth I >akota. where he w six years, having preached in this state eight years previously, but returned to his native state, where he was found preaching the gospel fi r a number of years 1 in account of heart trouble he w< eel to abandon the ministry in 1898 and ha- since that time turned his attention to agriculture. In 1899, COMPEXnii'M OF BIOGRAPHY 327 not having the pre per facilities for educat- ing his children in the vicinity of their home, lie purchased seven acres of land on the east limits of the city of Warsaw, where he has a very comfortable home. hi political affairs Mr. Cook cast his first vote for the Prohibition party. Mr. Cook has been twice married, first with Margaret Watson in the fall of 1875. She was a daughter of John and Salome (Heistler) Watson. They were the parents of one child, Ocie Pearl, now the wife of Alonzo Lehman, a resident of Wayne township. Mrs. Cook died in December, 1877, and he was married to Elizabeth Balsley, a daugh- ter of Phillip and Eliza (Elgenfritz) Pais- ley. They became the parents of three chil- dren : Bertha, who died aged five months, Frederick M. and Gerald X. Mr. Cook is a man of wide knowledge, being a great reader, a deep thinker and a good conversa- tionalist, and withal is a pleasing gentle- man ti ' meet. HUDSON BECK. Deceased. The biographer writes with a sorrowful heart when it becomes his duty to perform the task of a necrologist and to give even but a brief record of the career and life of one who was called all too soon, in the prime of his years, from his work of useful- ness on this mundane sphere. The late Hudson Beck was a son of Metcalfe Beck, one of the pioneer merchants of Kosciusko county, but now also deceased, and of whom a full record will be found on another page of this work, and which is fraught vvitt. manv incidents and circumstances connected with life in the early days of Kosciusko county and the city of Warsaw. Hudson Beck was horn in Leesbur-, Kosciusko county, Indiana. December 28, 1839, and died at Citronelle, Alabama, May 5, 1885. In his youth he passed several years in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania!, where he was partly educated in select schools and also took a commercial course of study, be- came a bookkeeper and acquired a thorough knowledge of business in general. In early manhood he located in Warsaw, where, in 1862, he opened a general store and for sev- eral years was connected with the mercantile prosperity of the city. He relinquished mer- chandising only to take a higher step in the business circles of the city, county and state by becoming president of the Lake City Bank, a position he held until the hour of his untimely death. March 11, 1863, Hudson Beck was united in marriage at Warsaw with Mis^ Mary A. Johnson, and to this marriage were born two children, Albion and Clara. In 1872 he erected his handsome resilience on Fort Wayne street. Warsaw, where his family still reside. Mr. Beck traveled a great deal during bis latter years, making an extended trip through Europe f< >r the benefit of his health, being accompanied by his father. He also spent some time in Col- orado and one year in northern Alabama, where he owned and operated a plantation. He later visited the exposition in Xew Or- leans, which was the last trip he made lie- fore passing to the other world. Fraternally Mr. Beck was a Knight Templar Mason and was one of the three trustees and treasurer of the building com- mittee in charge of the erection of the Ma- sonic Temple, in which he took great inter- 328 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. litics ;i Democrat, he was a del- re to the Democratic national convention June, 1884. Educated, intelligent, si -cial and magnetic, he made his mark there and Mr Beck was a member of the Christian church for twenty years and was a most liberal contributor to its support. While on a \ i --it t" Alabama ft >r the pur- pose of recuperating his health. Mr. Heck suffered from a relapse and, as stated above, died at Citronelle, Mobile county, that state, at 8:30 A. M.. May 5. 1NS5. aged forty- five years, four months and seven day-. His remain- were brought home t" Warsaw and the funeral services were held at his n •deuce in the presence of the surviving mem- bers "i hi- family and a vast number of friend.-. A hand-. me gray granite monu- ment in Oakwood cemetery now marks the spot wlu-re all that wa- mortal of this once nd active factor in life's bu- rests m peace. Mr-. Mary 'A. (Johnson) Beck daughter of Prof. Daniel Taylor Johns who wa- principal of the Warsaw scho but who. losing his voice, retired from the vocation of teaching and engaged in tire and life insurance, lie wa- born in Char ton. Massachusetts, in 1817* and for twenty : teacher, eight year- of this time in Warsaw, lie wa- reared a I niv er-alist. but at the age of thirty-two wa- converted t" the Methodist faith and was licensed as a preacher at Washington (.' . H.. Fayette county. Ohio In March. 1842, he mar- ried Mary J. White, of Muskingum coun- ty. Ohio, who died four years after mar- riage, leaving two daughters, of whom one now Mr-. Hudson Heck. Rev. Daniel T. Johnson wa- called away July 12, t88< linn believer in ai led by the faith t<> winch lie had lirty- . years of life in disseminating. ( >f the two children born to Hudson and Mary A. (Johnson) Heck. Albion i- jed in private banking, and Clara, who wa- married to Wilber X. Funk, died when twenty-five years old, the mother of two children. Mary Salome, who died in her twelfth year, and Agnes Louise, fourteen. Mrs. Heck is a devout meml • the Methodist Episcopal church, and lady of strong intellectuality and advanced thought, and it may be added, with particle of adulation and with impunity, that she stands foremost in 1 m of the best ■ 1 unty, male 1 ir female. WILLIAM \\ . KIRKPATRICK. \ young, pros] nd rising farmer of Washington township, Kosciusko coun- ty. Indiana, wa- born in Tipp »wn- ship, the same county. Lehman 5, ami i- a -on of William ami Anna 1 Pierce) Kirkpatrick. The former was a -on of John Kirkpatrick. who emigrated with hi- parents from Kentucky to Ohio in 1X04. He was lxirn March <>. 1795-, and died A 1826, leaving a widow and -i\ -mall chil- dren. William Kirkpatrick was born in Clark county. ly 19. 1 822. He came to this state with his widowed mother and her -ix children in 1836, the mother l>eing fortunate enough ' thousand dollar- in cash and an additional sum with which to purchase a farm. < >f this farm her father. William Cowan, wa- the and he al-o employed himself in making len plows. William Kirkpatrick. who COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 329 was then a lad, no longer attended school, hut worked out by the month in order to earn money with which to aid in the sup- port of his mother, and this was his course ■of life until his marriage, February 1S, 1S47. lie then rented a farm in Plain town- ship, occupied it about one year and then bought a farm of one hundred acres in Tip- pecanoe and Plain townships, on which his children were afterward horn, and on which he lived until March 8, 1883, when he pur- chased one-quarter of section 10, in Wash- ington township, the greater part of which he impri ved. To the marriage of William and Anna Kirkp.it rick were horn nine children, name- ly: John \\\. born June 8. 1848, died April 4, [849; Mary E., born February 16, [850, died December 6. 1861 ; Sarah J., born Sep : tember 5, 1852. is the wife of John T. Gil- liam ami lives in Tippecanoe township; Eliza A., bom January 12, 1855, is married to S. B. Long and lives in Plain township; Mar- garet F... born July 21, 1 S 5 7 . lives with her brother, William W. ; M. Pierce, born Oc- tober 30. i860, married Hortense Crawford, and lives in Pierceton; William W.. whose name opens this biography, born February 5. [863 ; Eunice A., born July 2:, 1865. died May 7. [884; Alvin W.. born December 25, t86/, died August 18. 1872. William W. Kirkpatrick was reared on his father's farm, was educated in the dis- trict schools, and remained with his parents until his marriage. November [8, [896, with Miss Nettie M. Goshert, who was born Sep- tember 9, 1S74. George 1 io^hert. grandfa- ther of Mrs. Kirkpatrick. was a native of Pennsylvania ami reared in Ohio, where he married Susan Dilsaver. He later came to Kosciusko countv, Indiana, and located in Prairie township, where Jasper < ioshert was born September 9, [845. He married Lecta Hall, who was born also in this county, De- cember r8, 1854. He rented a farm for a few years and then bought a place in the same township, on which he still lives. He is an active member of the United Brethren church and one of the most highly respected farmers of his township. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Kirkpatrick have been born two children, namely: Edith H., May 17, 1899. and William M.. No- vember 2j. 1900. The mother of the sub- ject died February 27, 1892. in the faith of the Presbyterian church, and his father died March 26, 1898. also a member of the Presbyterian church', his attendance at wor- ship being with the congregation at Pierce- ton. The subject's mother was a native of ('lark county, Ohio, and was born March 6, 1824. Fraternally Mr. Kirkpatrick is a mem- ber of the Knights of Pythias lodge at Pierceton. In politics is a Democrat in sentiment, but is not active as a partisan, having a preference for attending to his pri- vate affairs rather than those of the public. JACOB S. WEAVER. The subject of this review is a gentle- man of high standing to whom has ni >t been denied a full measure of success. He is dis- tinctively one of the representative citizens of Washington township, and has long been a recognized factor of importance in con nection with the agricultural interests of the county of Kosciusko. Mr. Weaver lias been conspicuously identified with the ma- terial growth and prosperity of this part of 330 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ce c< a builder be- tly prized by the early setth the community in which he lived. In addi- tion to carpentry he devoted considerable at- tention to cabinetmaking and for a number f years rail a shop where coffins and all kinds of furniture were manufactured to meet the wants of the people in a large area of territory. In 1820, when twenty-three years old, Mr. Weaver was united in marriage to Miss Mar) (lark, whose parents. Horatio and R chek kaii 1 Lane) (lark, were early settlers • f Fairfield county. In connection with me- chanical pursuits Mr. Weaver carried iculture I >iderable extent, ha\ owned a good farm in Fairfield county and r purchased a place in the county of Logan. In October, 1848, he closed his manufacturing establishment and exchanged his <>hi" farm for two hundred and eighty acres of unimproved land in Kosciusko nty, Indiana, the place hem- in what is unship of Washington. Il< Mr. Weaver began the task of clearing and improving a farm, an undertaking requir- much hard labor and attended with in- - by no means few or insignifi- cant. He first built a substantial hewed house and then addressed himself manfully to the clearing of his land, which was dense- ly ci vered with a forest growth of prim- itive wildness and beauty. He also put up a shop and. when the weather would not per- mit 1 f 1 utdoor work, employed the time in cabinetmaking, repairing, etc., by means of which he was enabled to earn more than sufficient means to defray current expenses. He fenced all of his laud, reduced a goodly number 1 if acres t, , cultivation and made of the hest farms in the township of W'ash- ingt( n. hut unfortunately did net live very long i" enjoy the fruits of his labors, dying on the 15th of April. 1858. Mi's. Weaver was left with a family of four children, one i and three daughters. The names of the entire family are as follows: Rebecca V. Elizabeth, Ge rge M.. 11 rati- C, Jac 1> S., Perry A., Hannah I... Martha M. and Mary i '. Mr. Weaver was an estimable citizen and a zealous member of the Christian church. He was noted for his honesty, in- dustry and a des 1 the right as he saw and understood the right and he died as he had lived, at peace with God and his fel- low man. Jac b S. W « whi m this sketch is dedicated, was |„ ru in Fairfield county, ( (hio, November J. [829, and remained with his father, contributing t'> the support the family until "Id enough t" begin life for himself, lie was reared (■> farm labor an I spent the tirst nineteen years of his life in Ohio, his educational training being 1 lined tu a few months' attendance each win- son upon the subscription scIiik.K. in which only the rudimentary branches were taught. He accompanied his parents Kosciusko countv. Indiana, in 1848, and COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 33i bore his full share in clearing and develop- ing the home farm in Washington township which he now owns. On the 26th day of October, 1 S 5 » > . Mr. Weaver and Miss Sarah Kaylor were united in the holy bonds of wedlock ami immedi- ately thereafter they began housekeeping on the Weaver homestead, from which they have never changed their habitation. Her parents, John and Keziah (Tracey) Kay- lor, were natives of Maryland, but early moved to Logan count}-. Ohio, where Mrs. Weaver was born March 27 . [836, and reared. Being the oldest of the family, many of the household duties fell upon her shoulders when she was but a girl, in con- sequence of which her early educational privileges were exceedingly limited. Soon after his marriage Mr. Weaver bought the home farm, which originally consisted of three hundred and twenty acres of hue land. He has sold p< rtions of the place from time to time, reducing it to its present area of cue hundred anil seventv acres, which in general improvements and productiveness are not excelled by any like amount of land in the county of Kosciusko. Mr. Weaver brought his place to high state of tillage and ear'-, took rank as an enterprising agricult- urist. The great measure -if success which attended his efforts while actively engaged in farming stands not only in evidence of his industry and thrift, but als<> of hi- assiduous application and singleness of purpose. He continued actively engaged in husbandry until 1895, when, by reasi n of the comfort- able fi 'l'tune acquired, he wisely concluded b 1 cease his labors and spend the remainder of his days in the enjoyment of the rest and quiet which he had so well earned. Mr. Weaver is a man of unswerving in- 20 tegrity and his high standing in the com- munity is second to that of no other citi- zen. In public affairs he has always been an interested observer, his political prefer- ences always finding favor in the Republican party's principles of popular government. I le has never been an office seeker, but has ever used his influence to induce his party to place upon the ticket the names of men mentally and morally qualified for the po tions to be filled. Well posted upon the leading political issues of the day and be- lieving earnestly in the party with which he has been identified since its organization, he early impressed its principles and doctrines upon the minds of his sons, all of whom are tine unpromising Republican-. Mr. Weaver is an active worker in the Baptist church and for a number of years has held important official positions in the local congregation of which he is a mem- ber, being at the present time treasurer, clerk and trustee. He is an enthusiastic Sunday- school worker and by closely studying the Holy Scriptures is well prepared to teach successfully the class of which he now has charge. Mrs. Weaver is also a zealous Christian and as a teacher in the Sunday- school has done efficient service in the cause of religion, having by her instruction as well as by personal efforts induced many \ 1 iung people to abandon the ways of sin and enter the visible kingdom of the Most High: They are a most worthy old couple, intel- ligent beyond the average, and their influ- ence has always been powerful for good among their neighbor- and many friend-. Their Christian characters have always been irreproachable, and the genera] spirit of re- ligion which pervades their pleasant and hospitable home put- at ease every one who 332 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. enters their di or. They are held in the profound respect by all \\h" know them and the ami "inn of | hich they have a< plished in this life will never be fully known and appreciated until in the [ day "when the books are opened" and every mie receives his reward for the de< in the body. The happy marriage of Mr. and Mr-. Weaver has been blessed with eight chil- dren: Mary F... wife of George Bench, of Whitley county, tin- state: William 11.. who married Fan; and lives in Washing- ton township, where he i- engaged in ag- ricultural pursuits; John A. married twice. In- present wife being Jessie Humble, and es in Washington township; G \\ ., also a farmer of Washington township, married Eveline Gilispie; Joseph M. mar- ried B anchard and lives in the of Detroit, being an employe of Park, Davis mpany, of that city; Sarah I-'... the next rder of birth, married Jehu Outkelt, a fanner of Washington township; Jacob E. married Eveline James and lives on her fa- ther's farm; Chai ie youngest of the family, is unmarried and still lives under the parental roof; h< die pros- perous young farmers of Washington town- ship an«l also has quite a reputation r of line live st. ick. HENRY B. FUNK. It I- a well-known fact. iu\ by physicians and by al! nho have made the subject a study, that a quiet life and steady habits promote longevity. In the in their desperate attempts to yet rich suddenly, anil where they are. of a c quence, on a severe nervous strain all the tune, the mortality tables are much higher than in the country. The farmer may. there- fore, congratulate himself that though his life may 1 . entful it is certainly much longer than is that of his cousin in the city. This important fact should he borne in mind when the young men catch the fever t'> he clerks in some cheap grocery in a town or village. How much better is the life of the farmer who lias won a line farm from the dens,.- reared a large family of chil- dren, made a comfortable home, and finally goes i" his reward beloved by all who have the h his friendship. Some such a man i* the subject of this sketch, lie was born in Stark county, I '.pril 5, 1827, and is the si n of Jacob and Catherine ■ ler 1 Funk. Martin Funk, the grandfather of subject, came acr. i<« the ocean from tier- many many y< and settled in Penn- sylvania, and there the Funk family in America originate - reared in the Keysti ne state, and received in his youth the usual education afforded | vs in the v. 1 Ie learned the bus farming and stock raising and proved more than ordinarily successful in those import- ant branches of labor. He married in l'enn- iia. and soon afterward came to Ohio and settled in Stark county on a farm where Henry, his son, was brought up and edu- cated. When Henry was nineteen years old he began to work oul by the month, and coming to the conclusion thai it was not well for man to live alone he married Miss Polly Beigh, the daughter of nnie Beigh, one of the most important acts of his from many standpoints. She was a na- COMPEXnii'M OF BIOGRAPHY 333 rive of Seneca county. Ohio, and was born Jul_\- 9, 1831, and was brought to this coun- ty in 1837. ' ler father settling in (lay town- ship, or what is now Lake township. There •the father entered a tract of land and be- gan to clear off the dense timber and fight the wolves from his sheep and calves. To Mr. and Mrs. Funk four children were born, a- follows: Ireal, born in 1850 and died in infancy; Fanny, who became the wife of Jeremiah Windbigler and lives in Marshall county, Indiana; to them were born four children, two sons and two daughters, of whom three are living, as follows: Levi, Mary and Anna; Anna C. born December 28, 1855: Mary Alice, born December 16. [860, became the wife of Monroe Paulus and resides in Silver Lake, Indiana; of their children, three sons and a daughter, one is deceased, the names of the others being Cloice, Glent and Meeta M. In 1840 the Funk family came to this township and here Mr. Funk bought one hundred and twenty aero of land, all of which was enveloped with a heavy growth of timber. The family \\ 1 placed in a rude log house and the task of clearing was begun. At that time the woods were filled with wild animals, and great havoc was created among the live Stock, particularly the calves and sheep. Eternal vigilance was the price of safety. and this was kept up until in the course of time the wild animals disappeared. Steadily Mr. Funk added to his land until he now owns one hundred and sixty-five acres one mile north of Silver Lake. In his time he cleared up a farm of ninety-five acres. He is -lie of the best citizens of the county, and 1- respected everywhere for his many g 1 qualities. He is a Republican and takes much interest in the success of his party. From the deep woods where savage animals and savage Indians lived to this condition of peace and comfort this well-known fam- ily has passed, in a generation and a half. At first their nearest trading point was North Manchester and Liberty Mills, but the times are changed now. and these old and respected people are passing away with the old order of things still fresh in their heart. Mr. Funk was. on May 3. 1902. bap- tized in the German Baptist (Dunkard) church. SOLOMON HEETEK. Jackson township. Kosciusko county, In- diana, furnished a home for many a pioneer who settled within its boundaries with no capital save the intelligence and physical abilities that were the gifts of his Maker and later attained a competency and a pi >- sition of influence in the locality in which he chose to reside that, in after years, re- dounded in an enviable reputation for him- self and his descendants; among these old and honored pioneers is Solomon Heeter. who was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, November 22, 1829. David and Elizabeth ( Hay) Heeter, parents of Solomon, were natives of Penn- sylvania, of German descent, and from that state they migrated to Ohio about the year 1808, and there, in the interminable forests of Montgomery county, entered a tract of most unpromising land. This David in due course of time, by hard labor and perse- verance, such as were usual in the back- woods in those early days, cleared up from the growth of superfluous timber and erected the typical log cabin of the period, in which ■ COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. many a happy hour was passed, notwith- standing the incessant care and labor that ry to devi home that tually pr urce of profit. After hi- marriage t<> Miss Hay. wl ere natives Heeter purchased forty aire- of land in Montgomery county, ' d deep in the licit he partially cleared and here. I le t: it and bought a tract i- hundred acres nearer Dayton city. to which he later added eighty acre-, hut in 1853 Jd out and came t" Indiana. sh county, where he b a far: . enty acre- in iwnship, near Xorth Manchester, lich he lived until the opening of the Civil war. Then he bought a small place . where n the [welling, but npletii 'ii ; his w idow, how 1 1 the hou I >a\ id and Elizabeth (Hay) Heeter were born eight children. ; muel, . \hner. Barnet, Franklin Marion and Har- riet, of whom ti\ 1 [eeter v farm and faithfully aided in it- cul- tivation until he was twenty-five years and then worked at chop] -wood at twenty-fi I and at splitting at twenty-five cent- per hundred. March 31, 1853. Mr. I lei- united in marriage with M L Mau-e. born in Maryland November 26, nan parentage. From Mary- land the Mau-e family removed to Mont- ry county, ' »hi". where Catherii :<: acquainted with Mr. Heeter. In and his young wife came t" Indiana, and in Wabash county Mr. er purchased a farm to which he added another eighty-acre tract, and there made his home tint he brought his family to Jack-. .11 ti w: ■unty. where he purcl eight) ear the place "ii which hi nd now 1 hundred and forty acre- in K and ;-h counties, lie i- an excellent mun- : in 1 ha- realized a competence thr grain in large quantities audi in ck. The marriage of Mr. and Mr-. S r has bi .'.ith six chil \Y.. born March s. [855 Mi-- Mai E nks and live- in \\ . county; John !•'.. born Sep 14. 1856, married Eliza Nam. and also lives in Wa- ty : Warren I'... born August 18. 1858, married Mary Pauling, now and lives in tin : Washington : I : rn July ii. t86o, married Prude K man and lives in Wabash county; David E.,' born October 15. 1863, died July 19, 1865; and Charl 1 April 15. married < p, and 1- dent of Wabash county, Indiana. Mr. Heeter i- a Democrat in hi- 1 ical proclivities, hut ha- never been -tr partisan nor has he ever put himself ward seeker. 1 le i-. hov • a public-spirited citizen and a wh man. ever ready t" help forward any work ■ ed for the public good. He ha- done much toward bringing Jackson t" the front among the sisterhood of townships of K county, and i- recognized by all as of it- most useful 1 ind i- 1 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 335 quently greatly honored and respected. Fra- ternally he is a member of the Knights of Honor at North Manchester. JAMES H. ANGLIN. A many-times millionaire of this coun- try recently said: "Money dues not make a man happy. I would give up all the wealth I have rather than be denied the pleasure that comes from the study of literature and art. If Shakespeare and Wagner, the moun- tain peaks of literature and music, were taken out of my life, life would be poor in- deed. Millionaires who live mostly for making money have a sorry time of it." When this statement is carefully studied it is found to mean that money of itself does not make a man happy. Or in other words, put a man in comfortable circumstances. beyond want, and then money as such loses its value as a producer of happiness. But it must be acknowledged that what is meant by comfortable circumstances includes enough time for recreation, enough books for instruction and culture, and enough lib- erty to travel everywhere. When the indi- vidual has reached this condition he is pre- pared to enjoy life and needs no money. But a great many people have reached vari- ous stages of this condition and in that pro- portion are happy. Most people imagine their troubles. It is now well known that the state of the mind has everything to do with the state of the temper. When one can reduce existence to the happy state of the subject of this sketch he is prepared to enjoy a considerable degree of happiness. !t requires a philosophic mind to be able to do this, but in a large measure this state has been reached by the subject. He is ye1 a young man, his birth having occurred in Prairie township, Kosciusko county. Sep- tember 15. [872. He is the child of Sam- uel D. and Axie S. 1 Boggs ) Anglin. The Anglin family are of Scotch-Irish descent and in this country hail from the Old Do- minion, where their ancestors settled many years ago. The grandfather of subject, James Anglin, in company with his two brothers, David and Isaac, and one sister, came to Indiana in the decade of the 'thirties and settled in the northern part of Kosci- usko county, where they entered land from the government. James Anglin was twice married, first to Miss Hall, who bore him these children: David, Harvey, Wesley, Mary, Fletcher and Samuel D. His first wife having died, he married Mrs. Scott, wdiose maiden name was Xogle. and by her hail the following children: Ella. Ida, Til- lie and McClellan. Samuel D. Anglin was reared on a farm and attended the common schools of the neighborhood during the winters. He was an apt student and learning came to him al- most by intuition. At an early age he mas- tered the common-school branches anil then I easily passed the examination required of teachers and began to teach. He was a natural instructor and t' ok a broad viei education and the pleasure it brought to the recipient, and from the start made an un- usual success of it. So great, indeed. hi- success that he found it to his advan to continue, which he did for twenty-nine years. During this period he not only kept up his private studies, but also attend, commercial school a! Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania. It \\y uld be difficult to describe how COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. far Mr. Anglin became 1 in his studies, but he certainly I _-reat deal ction from his books. 1 [is mar- urred in 1866, his wife be daughter of Hamilton and Martha B 'I"', their marriage four children were born, lows: Etta E., born in 1870, became the wife 1 f Andrew E. Sarber and now re- sides m Seward township; James II.. sub- ject; T. Wayne, born in 1*74. who finished In- education at the North Manchester : 'in- year, ami at the Northern Indi- ana Normal School at Valparaiso, taught four years in the common schools and then began the study of law at Indianapolis and duly admitted to the bar, graduating in '.he -print; .f [899. He 1- W H practicing hi- profession at Warsaw. In [90] he was appointed a comity officer; Rolla, horn in who finished his education at the high school of Warsaw and i- now with his fa- ther on the farm, married Mi-- 1'earl lluf- fer. lame- I I. \nglin, the subject, was reared mainly on his father'- farm, and learned all that the common scho d teach him at an early aye. He finished by attending two years at college. Tin- greatl) broadened hi- mind ami made a philosopher of him, meaning by the term philosophy sound com- mon sense and a keen insight into the motive- >rds of wood, which he sold at a good profit. He continued to deal in wood and cultivate the land he developed for about five years, when he bought forty acres where his father now lives, on which he erected a good residence and barn and other- wise improved the place, making it one of the hest farms of its area in the township. Subsequently he traded this for the same number of acres of the old homestead, to which he has made additions from time to time until he is the possessor of two hun- dred and forty acres in one body, conser- vatively estimated to be worth sixty-five dol- lars per acre. Mr. Grij>e has met with success as a farmer such as few attain and he stands to- day in the front ranks of Jackson town- ship's most enterprising agriculturists, also ranking with the leading sti ck raisers in this section of the state. In the management of his affairs he displays rare business tact and as a financier he ha-- no superiors among the farmers of Kosciusko county. Keeping fully abreast the times in all matters pertain- ing to husbandry, he has spared neither time nor expense in bringing his place to the high state of cultivation for which it is noted, also being liberal in his expenditures in the way of beautifying his home and making it attractive. His dwelling is com- modious and comfortable in all of its ap- pointments and his large stock barn, erected some years ago. is one of the most complete structures of its kind in the county, also one of the most valuable. lie has since built an- other barn and addition thereto. As a breed- er and raiser of fine live stock Mr. Gripe en- joys much more than local reputation, being widely and favorably known among men similarly engaged in Kosciusko and other counties of northern and central Indiana. He makes a specialty of cattle and horses, owning at the present time a large number of very fine animals, representing a capital of many thousands of dollars. Blessed with strong bodily power and richly endowed with that most to be deserved of all capital, good common sense, he finds little difficulty in managing his large interests and seldom fails to make everything to which he turns his hand inure largely to his benefit. Prog- ress has been his motto from the beginning and his career throughout presents a succes- sion of advancements which have won for him the high standing- he to-day enjoys as an active, enterprising man in worldly affairs. Mr. Gripe's character is endowed with many noble qualities that contribute so much to his eminent usefulness and the esteem in which he is held by his fellow citizens of Jackson and neighboring townships. His 338 COMI'EXDIL'M OF BlooR.if'UV. kindliness of heart, his unvaried cheerful disposition, his wisdom as a counsellor and adviser among his neighbors and friends and his modest unassuming manner in ever) relation of life, are among 1 ' dis- ished characteristics which hav< ed to him the many warm friends whom he pr highly and whose warm per- I he will always retain. Mr. Gripe is a valued member of the German Baptist church and has contributed materially to the SUO that larg< respected communion in Ki sciusko county. Earnest in his piety and ever ready I tend a helping hand to a needy broth any other worthy person, he makes tentations display of his religion, performing hi- charitable deed- ace. rding to the script- ural injunction, and hi- daily exem- plify the simple doctrine which lie ind Mr. Gripe's married life began in the year 1875, at which time Miss Mai-. n became hi- wife. Mrs. Gripe's par- ent- moved from Ohio t>. Whitley county, Indiana, in an early day and bore an active part in the development of that part of the -tate. settling in the w 1- and hearing their full -hare of the trial- and hardship- inci- [o the ] I. Mr. and Mrs. Gripe have been blessed with three children, the eldest of whom. Elmer, rn in July. 1876; he wa- educated in the common nd at tl under the parental roof and in runnhi home farm. who wa- born in the ill a member circl< the young birth occurred in April. 1882. Like her husband, Mr-. < iri| 1 arn- lurch worker and her influenci ; in shaping d the live- 1 f the children given her. A- a whole, the family is an intelligent ami harmonious one. highly :ied in the community and noted for the enterprise ami thrift with which men SAMUEL LEIGHTY. • few men in Kosciusko county. In- diana, have witi the phenomenal Ijes that have taken place within the territorial limit- of this county within the till live to narrate their experience from the early pioneer days up t.. tin- !i..ur of ait advanced civ- ilization, as doe- Samuel l.eighty. the ven- erable subject of thi- biographical mention and now a hi. jpected retired farmer. ha\ ii nee in Warsaw. nuel l.eighty was born in a log cabin on a farm in Knox county, i*_\-. and when eleven yi was _ it to K county. Indiana, by his parents, John and Catherine (Baker) ty. native- of Pennsylvania — th< ther from Lancaster county — hut who were married in Knox county. Ohio. er the birth of their son, Samuel. county and then r< unty. they lived five years in a new In the month of August, 1836, they unty, Indiana, and lo- W'ar- -aw. where John l.eighty entered forty of wild land, now be up tl nd and put up a cabin, but and i 'id claim 1 f one hun- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 339 dred and sixty acres. Congress had passed an enactment that owners of such claims, who were actual settlers, should have the right mi' occupancy fur five years and then pay for the land at the rate of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, without in- terest in' taxation, provided a habitation of some kind had been erected. Mr. Leigh ty therefore put up a small lug cabin, and in April. 1837, placed his family therein; hav- ing complied with the requirements of the law. he live years later received his deed from the government. In the meanwhile Mr. Leighty did a great deal of work for others, by which he made a livelihood. At the end of five years John Reed, of Michigan, went to the land office at Delphi to prove up and pay Mr. Leighty's indebted- ness tn the government and at the same time to enter land for himself on the opposite side of the Tippecanoe river. Two vears later Mr. Leighty sold out and removed tn Elk- hart county, where he purchased a tract of eighty acres on the boundary line, three miles north of Milford, where he lived six months and then came to Warsaw, where lie worked at such jobs as he could find to di 1. barely making a living; but shortly after- ward he bought fifty-two acres, a mile and a half north, which tract had been entered from the government in the usual -manner by a Mr. Crosby. On this tract Mr. Leighty settled, worked hard, and in due course if time increased his acreage in one hundred and sixty acres, or a quarter-section, il be- ing known as the "Cut-off." This land Mr. Leighty also improved, and lived on until his death in 1845, only nine years after hav- ing come to Indiana, he being but forty- seven years of age. Samuel Leighty at this time was twenty years of age and was the eldest in a family of seven children, his next brother in order of birth being about fourteen. The mother kept the children together, however, and Samuel, in accordance with his father's will, was to pay the debts and rear the children. The creditors allowed him ten years time, but at the end of five years Samuel had liquidated all claim- and became owner of the farm, with the exception of what the brothers fell heir tn. and this he eventually purchased from them; his mother he kept with him the remainder of her life and must filially cared for her. Samuel married a neighbor girl, .Mi-- Sarah Limes, and sell- ing his farm, bought another, three miles south of Warsaw, buying up the interests of nine heirs to one hundred and twenty acres. This he increased to one hundred and sixty acres and occupied this farm until about twenty years ago, in the meanwhile improving it with a good dwelling and other buildings. Here he handled a great deal of stuck in connection with general farming. Mr. Leighty then retired to Warsaw, where he now lives in well deserved comfort and ease. In 1878 Mr. Leighty Inst bis first wife by death, and in 1880 he married Mrs. Qarissa Wheeler, of Clay township. Tn the first marriage <f the Republican party. 1 1 accept public iny kind, although a very popular man and frequently urged t. • place his name before the public. Religiously Mr. Leighty member i f the Walnut Creek United Brethren church, has fully and faithfully lived up to its teachings and has on all co- ntributed most freely towards its support. He has risen in life entirely through his own industry ai man- today stands among the mosl K< sciusko o >unty's pioneers. SAMUEL GRIPE. Through a period of six decades the name of Gripe has been prominently con- nected with the history of Kosciusko coun- ty. It is an untarnished name and one that •Miliar t>> the A this secti the state by reason of the honorable and use- ful lives of those who have borne it. •nue! Gripe, of this reviev itle- man wh ry forms a connecting link between the past and the modern it. He saw the country when it ■i the borders of civiliza- wild and uncultivated, its ding in their primeval strength and beauty, it- few log cabin homes like niches in tlie surrounding wilderness, and it- evi- dence- of development few. In the work progress and improvement that ha- since wrought such marvelous changes he- art and today he ranks with trong-armed, firm-willed, substantial valued citizen- of the county who laid id and deep the foundation of it- prea prosperity and fitted it for the -till greater progress which future years have i' Samuel Gripe i- a native of Montgomery county, i tnd a lineal descendant ■i Gripe, who came to America from i rermany in a verj early clay and settled in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. In the I ter county and state was lx>rn many y« r a grandson of the above John Gri Jacob hy name, who when a young man went to Montgomery county, < Hiio, and set- tled in Dayton, when that now flourish city was an insignificant backwoods hamlet of perhaps a dozen small log cabins. Enter- ing land within the present limits of the place, he cleared and developed a farm and for a number of years thereafter assisted in paving the way for the wonderful civil: tion for which that highly favored the Buckeye state i- so justly celebrated. In his young manhood Jacob Gripe married Mary Wilond, who was reared in the fam- ily of her husbands father in Pennsylvania, iier parent- having died when she Wi small, leaving her to the care of friend-. After making a y 1 home near Dayton ami upying the same until 1836, Mr. < iripe m.ule a tour of inspection through van rthern Indiana, and being pie.: with the advantages which Kosciusko coun- ty presented a- a future agricultural COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 34i entered a tract of land in what is now the township of Jackson. Returning to Ohio, he disposed of his interests there as soon as he could advantageously do so, and with his family moved in 1838 to his new home in the wilds of Kosciusko. Addressing him- self with strong will to the task of clearing his land, he in due time removed a goodly portion of the forest growth and was at length rewarded with a comfortable home, which he occupied until death called him from the scenes of his earthly toils and struggles. Jacob Gripe was a good man and figured pn miinently during the pioneer peri- od not only as a strong and stalwart woods- man and tiller of the soil, but also as a min- ister of the gospel, having been the first preacher of the German Baptist church to proclaim the peculiar tenets of that faith in Kosciusko and counties adjoining. He was instrumental in organizing a number of local congregations in the new country and while he lived looked after their interests with fatherly care and ministered to his people in holy things as long as his strength permitted him to di-charge the duties of his sacred of- fice. His family consisted of ten children, six sons and four daughters, namely: Esther, Elizabeth, Susan. Sarah, Samuel, Hannah, Barbara, John, Jacob, Mary, David and Catherine. Samuel Gripe, the direct subject of this sketch, was horn April 18, [828, in Mont- gomery county, Ohio, and when a lad of ten years accompanied his parents to a new home and a new destiny in the county of Kosciusko. Reared amid the active scenes of pioneer times, he experienced the hard- ^hip^ and vicissitudes which fail to the early settlers and while still young in years learned how to wield the ax with telling ef- fect and to perform other duties recpiired of the backwi " ids farmer. Circumscribed by conditions of which boys of the present day have no conception, his life was somewhat isolated and from early dawn to dewy eve he labored hard and faithfully, assisting to clear the farm and reduce the soil to culti- vation. He recalls the fact that throughout one long, cold, bitter winter it fell to him to furnish all the wood needed to keep the temperature of their log cabin above the freezing point, and although the task was a hard one he did the work manfully and well. Deer were then so plentiful that but little skill was required to keep the table supplied with the choicest meat, while other game, such as squirrels, pheasants and wild tur- keys, were also numerous and easily ob- tained. Mr. Gripe states that when he was a lad of twelve he shouldered his father's rifle ami went to the wood in quest of deer. He was not long in dislodging a fine buck and taking deliberate aim had the good for- tune to bring the noble animal down with the first shot, quite a skillful feat for one so young. After that he killed a great many deer and as long as wild game continued in the country he was considered one of the surest shots in the neighborhood where he lived. In a diminutive log cabin, sparsely furnished with log-legged, backless benches and a lew other necessary appliances, he was inducted into the mysteries of the alphabet , and though many long years have elapsed since first timidly entering the building he easily recalls the teacher, one Gabriel Swi- hart, whose qualifications for the office ap- pear to have based upon strength to inflict D 1 1" ral punishment rather than upon ability 34- 1 PENDIUM 'rRAPHY. tn impart knowledge. Later he went to to Joseph I'lrich. a typical peda- gogue of the olden times, and as the years ntinued i ute his studies both iii English and German until he be- came fairly well educated. Another fact in connection with the early day worthy Df passing notice is the raising of Jacob Gripe's frame barn, which proved quite an important event in the community, as it was the first Structure of the kind erected within the nl limits of Jackson township. 'I cure the necessar) assistance the boys vited every man within a radius of ten • and after the frame was all i and put in proper place a f jollity and manly sports was indulged in by all the strong young men present. Mr. ('.ripe was reared a farmer and when old enough to select a vocation wi-ei\ eluded t.i devote his life t.> the cultivation of the soil. The better t'> carry mi his life work, he took in himself a wife in the per- son of Miss Sal.. me Frantz, whose parents, native^ of Virginia, came t.< Kosciusko county in 1840 when Mr<. Gripe was a miss 1 if twelve year-. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Gripe moved mi an eighty-acre trad of Hand in I n-hip, now the town- ship of Lake, where he built a cabin fur the tion of his bride and then began the arduous work of timber, removing stumps and in many other ways preparing the soil for tillage. After living on this place four years and fitting about twenty acres M it f"V fifteen hun- dred dollars and with the p pur- ed a farm in the eastern part 1 township. The greater part 1 if the latter was improved by his labor and in due time the pla -t farms in that se 'he county, and lie made it his home for a period of about twenty years. Subsequently lie bought, for twelve thou- sand d"llar<. the beautiful place of two hun- dred and fnrty acres in Jackson where his Nichols now live-, going in debt t.i the ami mm of four thousand dollars, ever) cent which was paid within tv. follow- ie pure! Mr. Gripe's business transactions nave demonstrated financial ability of a high "r- der, and hi- career throughout ha- been characterized by -mind judgment, keen dis- cernment and concentration of pur] which have enabled him to carry t. ■ success- ful issue every enterprise to which his en- ergies haw been addressed. In a word, he has been a successful money getter, and the large fortune which he now possesses is the reward of his industry, thrift and superior mai t. When they started in life themsel each of his -ix chil- ty-three hundred dollars, thus en- abling them to begin the struggle unham- pered b) the circumscribed financial environ- ment which marked the beginning 1 »f his 1 >wn career v- an independent factor in worldly affairs. 1',, t nd arduous toil and rigid nomy at a time when economy was an absolute necessity, he learned to place a proper value upon dollars and cents; h er, he is by no means illiberal with his the contrary has been free in his be 1 all worthy 1 bjects and enterprises. After a long and very active life, marked b industn and thrift, found himself in possession of a suffi- of thi- urn nd the remainder of his days in the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 343 enjoyment of that rest and quietude which he so well and nobly earned; accordingly about the year [889 he tinned his large ag- ricultural interests over to other hands and since that date has been living a life of hon- orable retirement on a small place, the care of which keeps the time from hanging heav- ily upon his hands. Politically Mr. Gripe is a Republican. He had the pleasure of casting a ballot for the party's first presidential candidate, John C. Fremont, and has voted for each suc- ceeding candidate from that time to the present. While deeply interested in ical matters and a careful student of the great questions of the times, he is not a partisan, nor has he ever entertained any ambition in the direction of public office. In 1849 ne united with the German Baptist church and during all the years intervening between that and the present his daily walk and conversation have marked him as an humble and sincere follower of the man of Nazareth. His good wife is also a member 1 if the same church and, like her husband, is noted for her piety and zeal in the Master's service. Mr. and Mrs. Gripe are among the oldest and most highly esteemed people of Kosciusko county, noted far and wide for their generous hospitality and beloved for their man}" amiable qualities of head and heart. They arc deservedly popular with all who know them, live happily and content- edly in their cosy country home, the dour- of which are ever open to the poor and \U >B S. KOI >NTZ. nced\. ami are now crowning a life of ac- tivity and usefulness with an eventide of well earned rest and wholesome recreation. They have children a- follows: John, de- 1, Nicholas, Mary, Jacob, Catherine and Abraham L... all well settled in life. Highly respected as a citizen and h "red a- a patriotic defender of the stars and stripe> in a war which tested the solid- ity and perpetuity 1 f American's free insti- tutions, the subject of this brief review is distinctively one 1 f the leading men of the ti wnship where he maintains his residence and is in every way worthy of mention with the progressive and representative citizens ■ 1 lv sciusko county. Jao 1) S. Koontz was b< rn September 1. 1842, in Columbiana county. Ohio, and is descended from German and Dutch an- cestry. His father. Jacob K ontz, a native 1 t Pennsylvania, was the grandson of a German soldier, who came to America dur- ing the war of the Revolution in the service of the English gi vernment. Being a con- script and by no means liking the idea of 1 ppi sing the little army of patriots strug- gling for their liberties against a tyrannical king, this ancestor. John Kutz by name, deserted his command and cast his fortunes with the colonists, with whom he foughl ci uragei »usly until independence was se- cured. Shortly after the close of the war he married and settled in Pennsylvania, where he reared a family and became a well- to-do tiller of the soil. His grand Jacob Koontz referred to above, was born in Pennsylvania and about the year 1S35 migrated to Columbiana county. Ohio. He had married in Pennsylvania Anna Kutz, wlio^e ancestors came from Holland in an early day and settled in Maryland. Subse- quently, lN.^.s. the Kutz family removed to the county of Columbiana, where Jacob Koontz, shortly after his marriage, pur- chased land, and engaged in the pursuit of 344 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. agriculture, lit- continued to live then nl 1893, when lie di 1 f his int( and came ti k< sciusko county, Indiana, where ent the remainder of his day-. dying here about twi after his rival; his wife preceded him to the ':. departing this life in < >hio in the 1875. To Jao 1> ami Anna 1 Kutz I K :i nine children, whose names a- follows: Robert, John, Elizabeth, Mary, Jacob S., Isaac, William. Eli and Anna M. ( >f this number Jacob S., R and Isaac served with distinction in the I i\;l war and proved their loyalty i- the government mi many of the hi liest Wattle fields of that great struggle. Jacob S. Koontz spent his childhood and youth amid the quiet scenes ••! rural lite and when old ei perform manual labor was pul rk on the farm, where in due time he developed a strong and <■ which served him well in the an experiences through which tbsequently passed while following old Hay through the sunny southland. With limited educational advantages, he made the m» -t of hi- opportunities, hut at the age <-i it by a skillful sill ;>era- tion performed in 1889. He proved . ildier under many d I try- ing circumstance-, always ready for any duty, how 1 rou>. and never shirking a responsibility, no difference into what sit- uation it led him. By reasi n of hi- injury, fn 111 the ■' which he has • tirely reco\'ered, he is now the recipient of a pension from the government which he -o gallantly defended, hut no monetary • repay him for ice- well and faithfully rendered, nor does He reward for the wound received in duty at a time when he faced death that our nation might remain as it- i it. Returning home at the expiration of his of enlistment Mr. K- ■ ■ntz was uni- ted in ma- September 1. 1865, to Miss Mary I". Weaver. Mrs K.K.ntz was born May 14. 1S47. it county, Indi- COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 345 ana. and Is the daughter of David and Har- riett (Whiteleather) Weaver. Her parents were i f German lineage and were both na- tives of Ohio. They were the parents of twelve children, four sons and eight daugh- ters, of whom there are seven children yet living. David Weaver was burn in Colum- biana county, Ohio, in 1822, and died in [894. He was a farmer and merchant. In religion he was a Methodist, and in politics was first a Whig and later a Republican. His wife was burn in the same count}" in 1825. and her death occurred in 1863. Mrs. Koontz received a good common-school education and since her marriage has been a noble and true helpmate to her husband. After his marriage the subject engaged in farming as a renter in Columbiana county. Ohio, and later moved to Grant county. Wisconsin, where he purchased an eighty- acre farm which he cultivated for a period of two years. Disposing of his land at the end of that time, he returned to his na- tive state, where lie continued agricultural pursuits three years and then engaged in the Intel business at North Georgetown, where fur six years he ministered to the wants of the traveling public with success and financial profit. In the year 1879 he sold his hotel and moved to Jennings coun- ty, Indiana, where he again turned bis at- tention to farming, renting for a period of two years and then purchasing a place of one hundred and sixty acres, which was subsequently enlarged by an addition of sixty acres. After clearing and fitting for tillage 1 ne hundred acres and living on the place ten year- he sol,] out and. in 1SS7. came to Kosciusko county, where he leased land for one year and then bought one hundred and fifty acres, and later eighty acres more, now constituting a farm of two hundred and thirty acres in Jackson town- ship. .Mr. Koontz's life has been one of greai activitj and since coming t« 1 this county his industry has been rewarded by the hand- some competence which he now enjoys. He has niiade many valuable improvements on hi- farm, including a beautiful dwelling and substantial barns and outbuildings, while the fertility of the place has been in- creased to its greatest productive capacity. His home is one of the most beautiful and attractive in Jackson township and as a farmer he easily stands in the front rank of Kosciusko's most enterprising and suc- cessful agriculturists and stock raiser.-. sparing neither labor nor expense to make his place as nearly ideal as possible, and doing all within his power to raise the standard of agriculture in the highly fa- vored locality where his home is situated. Mr. Ko«mtz has been a lifelong Repub- lican and. like every good citizen, looks upon the ballot as one of man'- most sacred possessions. An active worker for the party, he has had no ambition in the direc- tion of office notwithstanding which fact his fellow citizens, in 1895. elected him as- r of Jackson township, a position he most faithfully and worthily filled until 1900, inclusive. While a citizen of the Buckeye state he achieved considerable repute as a shrewd politician and for sev- eral years his hotel at North Georgetown wa- the favorite rendezvous of Si me of the leading party workers, among whom may be mentioned President McKinlev. who upon several occasions was his guest, lie wa- chairman of the Republican township committee when McKinlev first ran for congress and to him was accorded the honor 1 f publicly introducing that distin- 54" COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. re he i d in N'i rth 1 le \ liic'n r the national Between .Mr. McK ! Mr. K I and he - with ; that he one ■ f the I ' in tin Mr. K e happy faculty of winning and n ty he has whom hi ire united in f his integrity erling qualities i f manhi d, and tizen, keenl; means at his command i enteq ■ culated to promote the ma- .iinl mi ral ii mmunity, with both influence and i him ti id undei ime under all cir- uty being minant characteristics, while at the same time ho i- careful an fn in whom he maj differ. Mr. K linn believer in re- and it- efficacy force f r ' eration the : number of years he a de\ tin.' Christian church. active in 1 work of the s it li which Ik- i- identified and Ii • i f the g spel a- nd in Ian nd the seas. .M y and with her hu>- garded a- a worker ami pla th in t' amity where she li Mr. K the stiri n the march, in tented field <•!' in the mil car: .nd helped t ail in view I rtt] try ami I f it> instil ts of that dark ai I, he rker in the ( Irand Arm) e Republi f loyalty, patri- •untiy which ev« ird and cherish. Mr. and Mrs. K ntz with t\ Iren, the 1 k-i 1 en I... win se birth i I I til day of June, 1877. I le t reputation, a graduate mmercial il North .M iiiu- Hundred and Fifty-seventh hid-. \ ■ lunteer Infantry during the hit < - ish-American war. In 1898 he was united in mar Miss Myrtli . of In- dianapolis, in which city he held- an superintendent of mpany. The other child died in in- fancy unnamed. During the county con- vention mention nomin Mr. Koonl member of the county council 1 f lv «ciusko county. ROBERT NIGHSWANDER. A citi/en of the United State- can \ r than the dis tion of having served the government in the - . — RESIDENCE OF ROBERT NIGHSWANDER COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 347 memorable four years of war between the states. It is a sacred family inheritance of renown, to Lie prized like a jewel by ail future descendants and kept bright and un- tarnished by other acts of valor, patriotism and loyalty in the interests of free govern- ment. Even in this day. when there are many of the old soldiers living, no one can see one of them dressed up in his faded uni- form without feeling a glow of pride and without showing him studied deference. But the ranks of the old phalanx are fast going down before the shots- of death, and ere long none will be left to recount the actual experiences of that bloody time. In the meantime, while they are still with us. let us pay them suitable honor for their sacrifices, patriotism and sufferings. The subject of this memoir was one of the "boys in blue." He was horn in Franklin county. Pennsylvania. December 18, 1832, and is the son of John and Hannah (Cooper) Nigh- swander, the father of German and the mother of Irish descent. Great-grandfa- ther Nighswander was born in < Germany and emigrated to America about the year 1 781 . He established himself in Pennsylvania on a farm and there passed the remainder of his days. He conducted a sawmill in con- nection with his other duties. His wife bore him four sons and one daughter. The grandfather of the subject was born and reared in Pennsylvania, ami one of his sons was John, the father of Robert. John was twice married, his second wife being Miss Hannah Cooper. To this marriage were born seven boys and four girls, as follows: Isaac was married, but his wife is deceased, and he lives in Franklin county, Pennsyl- vania; be served four years as a private in the Civil war: Willis, deceased, was also .1 21 private in the Rebellion; Robert, subject; Isaiah, who served as a soldier in the Re- bellion and was in the Third Maryland Cavalry, died in Andersonville prison; John, who also was in the Third Maryland Cav- alry in the Rebellion; Mary E., deceased, who married Samuel Cozy; Nancy, the wife of Benjamin Bright, lives in Seneca coun- ty, Ohio: Hannah B., the wife of a Mr. Lawrence, a veteran of the Civil war, lives in Seneca count}', Ohio; Katie married and lived in Ohio until her death; Aaron, un- married, who resides in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. Robert Nighswander also served with distinction in the < ireat Re- bellion. In August, 1861. he eidisted in Company B, Fifty-fifth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, under Captain S. B. Ment, and after a season spent in camp of instruction was ■sent with his regiment to Virginia. Thence they moved to New Creek, and later, at Moorefield. Mr. Nighswander saw his first battle. He was engaged at Romney, and at the bloody battle of Fredericksburg, during the "'mud campaign," fought with great gallantry for two days. He went with his regiment through the Peninsular campaign and suffered intense hardships, not having his clothes off for five weeks and sleeping on his arms the whole time. He fought at the second battle of Bull Run, and though he was in the thickest of the fight, and his regiment lost heavily, he escaped without a wound. lie was at Culpeper Court House- also and fought bravely with his regimental companions. He participated in the en- gagements at Cedar Mountain, in the move- ment up the Shenandoah valley ami fought at Cross Keys. He was hotly engaged at the bloody battle of Chancellorsville, where "Stonewall" fackson was killed, ami at the 34« COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. desperate and decisive battle of Gettysburg, after which his regiment was transferred to man's army and participated in the "march t>. the sea."' He participated before thi- in the assault on Lookout Mountain and i down i" Atlanta and thence t<> the !n all he participated in twent) i pitched battles, besides almost innumerable skirmishes, marches and campaigns, and throughout all of them showed splendid pluck and loyalty. Think of it. Here were five boys in "lie family who entered the Federal service at the commencement and 1 until the end. several of whom suf- fered from galling wounds and one of them died of starvation and hardship in prison. Should this ii"t he called "The Soldier Fam- ily?"' And what a splendid inheritance t" hildren. How proud coming gen- erations will lie to narrate the gallantry and sufferings i f these heroic brothers. The subject came through the entire war without a serious wound. At Gettysburg eighteen niiiiie halls pierced his clothing until he looked almost like a sieve. That old uni- form should have been framed and placed in state house at Indianapolis. He now gets the small pension of ten dollars per nn mth for the disabilities contracted in the service. \fter serving four years he was rabh mustered out in the fall of [865 a1 .land. ' Upon his discharge from the army Mr Nighswander returned t" Bloomville, Ohio, aid • work "ii a farm by the month itinued until [868, when. 1 n Sep- tember 5 of that year, he was united in mar- with Mi-- Rebecca Shock and t,. them 1 three 1" ys and tw. A., the \\ iic of Thon father te in the Rebellion : theii other children are deceased. Mr-. Nigh- swander was born in Seneca county, Ohio, April -'5. 1845, and was the daughti and Magdalena (Shanour) Shock. The latter couple were the pan even children, t . en daughtei s win 'in ten are living. All are residents of Ohio except her sister, Mr-. Elizabeth ey, a resident of Ionia, Michigan, and Mr-. N'ighswander. Jac b Shock was born in Stark county, < >hio, in 1X14. and died in 1878. lie w farmer. Magda- rn 1 hi a farm in Pennsyl- vania June _',?. 1818, and her death occurred August 21, 1901, at the advanced age of eighty-three years, one month and twenty- one days. She was but three years "Id when br< ught by her parents t" Ohio. She was a faithful and consistent member of the Ger- man Reformed church. Mr-. N'ighswander was reared 'and educated in her native coun- ty. For thirty- 1- ur years have Mr. and Mrs. N'ighswander traveled life"- journey t"- ther, sharing each other's joys and sor- rows. She has been a faithful wife and a ,'ing mother and was kind and genial in her manner. In [898 the subject erected his pleasant and o mfortable residence at a 1 of about twelve hundred dollars, a residence which 1- a credit t" the township. Mr. Xisiiswander i- an enthusiastic Re- publican, believing in voting the way he shot during the war. I le i- active and prominent m all local affairs, lie is a member of P X". 114. (i. A. R. He i- in comfortable cir and tin uj member ■ >f any church he and his g 1 wife contribute liberally t" all worthy movements. They 1 their "Id age in quiet and with the respect 1 f every one who ha- the honor of their friendship. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 349 ROBERT M. JONTZ. It is interesting" to note the various ways by which the first settlers came from their Ik mies in the east to the unbroken wilds of the west and also how later settlers came out. It was a common occurrence for the father to come out first, walking" the whole ■distance, selecting' his tract of government land, going to the nearest land office and paying for the same and then walking the ■entire distance hack to his eastern home to get ready to move his family out. Then all were haded into a wagon or wagons and slowly driven to the wilderness home. If a log cabin had not been built on the first visit, the first thing to be done was to erect one and while this was being done very often the family lived in the covered wagon. Then land must be cleared before a crop of any sort could be raised. When the first ■crop was harvested the family were then self-sustaining. The family represented by our subject passed through just such ex- periences. He was born on section 11, Seward township. Kosciusko county, Indi- ana. March 28, 1X5-'. his parents being Ja- cob and Catherine (Nelson) Jontz, the father a iming originally from Pennsyl- vania and being of English descent. When Jacob Jontz was yet a boy in Pennsylvania his father died and soon afterward he came to Ohio to live with an uncle, Michael Jontz. While thus engaged he grew to. manhood and married, his wife being the daughter of Robert Nelson, of Wayne county, Ohio. Previous to this event Michael Jontz had come to Kosciusko county. Indiana, and entered one hundred anil sixty acres with money furnished by Jacob Jontz. wdiO' had earned the same by w< rking by the month for Michael. In 1851 Jacob came from Wayne county, Ohio, to Seward township. Kosciusko county, Indiana, and located on his land. He brought his family and few belongings in a wagon, the distance being about two hundred and fifty miles. Previous to this, however, he had come out and had cleared a small tract of the land and had erected a small log cabin, in which to place his fam- ily when they should be removed to the Indiana home. Upon his arrival with his family he began in earnest to clear (iff the heavy timber. In time one hundred and twenty acres were cleared and in 1868 a good frame house was built, said to- have been the best in the county at that time. It is still standing. Jacob Jontz was a man who attended closely to the work of his farm, and was quiet and unassuming in his habits and manner. He was thoroughly honest and died with the respect of all who knew him. The mother died in 1872. The father lived with his sons, Robert and Abraham, until his death in 1896. He was the father of six children, as follows: Rob- ert M. and Abraham, twins, born March 28, 1852; Abraham married Miss Melissa Oldfather and lives in this township; Susan, who wedded John Haney and lives in Silver Lake, Indiana; Ross, who died when a boy; Emma, who died a young maiden; Lee; Ella, who became the wife of Reese Dillingham and is deceased. Rob- ert M. and his twin brother, being the old- est children of the family, were required to assume much of the responsibility of the parents. They assisted materially to clear off the forest and toi raise the crops of grain, receiving the meanwhile a fair edu- cation. In 1888 Robert Jontz married Mrs. Martha Maggart. widow of William Maggart and daughter of Lewis Cornwell, 35° COMPENDIUM OF BIOGK.ll'HY her father having been a resident of this county for thirty years. She «a- born ' lc- tober .^. 1859. 1" subject the following children were lx>rn: Bennie, born October 25, 1888; Charles, born September 17. :i. Ix.rn February 4. 1893; Edna, born February 4. 1 S< > 7 : Ray, born December [6, 1899. When Bennie was l*>rn Gen. Benjamin Harrison was the can- didate for ]. resident, ami the boy was named for him. Mr. Jontz ha- followed farming all his life, ha- been successful and i- 1 respected, lie i- a Republican and take- much interest in the affair- of his party, having represented hi- township in county M-. lie is well known ami has the respect of everybody. NORMAN Tit KER. This active and progressive fanner anil stock raiser of Lake township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, well deserves mention in a volume devoted !<■ the biographical memoirs 1 f the prominent ami influential citizen- of this county. He was born in Franklin township August 2, [868, a -on of All>ert and Katie (McNeal) I ucker. who were irents of six children, namely: Nor- the subject; Charles M.; Lee; Curtis; Nellie; and < >ra. I< tis and Nellie are deceased. \lhert Tucker i- an exten- sive farmer and -t"ck raiser of the county and hi- biography will he found elsewhere in tin- volume. rman Tucker was educated in the comn the district and ac- quired an excellent education under the which environ the a\ - e exti busi- perations of hi- father served to broaden his practical views on business matters, and his judgment of all kini k wa- m't only exceptionally good, hut was early developed, thus quickly qualify- ing him for the business career in which he has been so successful. ( )i: r _•-'. [897, Norman Tucker led t<> the marriage altar Mis- Nellie 1 reiglebaum, a daughter of Nathaniel and Rosa (Bitzer) Creiglebaum, nati Ohio. Mrs. Tucker wa- educated in the common schools of her native state and is .Ay 1 f line attainments and presides with and dignity over their delightful home. As her maiden name indicates, is , f German descent. On the consumma- f the marriage ceremony, which was performed at the home "i her parent- in Chillicothe, Ohio, they immediately came to Franklin township to the home farm of his father, where he remained until 1899, when he moved to hi- present farm of three hundred and sixty acre- located in 1 to. 1 [ere he - farming and raising and i- meeting with remark- success. Hi- broad meadows and ex- tensive fields are specially well adapt. grazing of cattle and hoy-. He wax- a heavy purchaser of young cattle in the spring of the year, pasturing durinf summer and rounding them up on grain during the fall, thus putting them in the besl possible condition for market. His will average tw Is of cattle each fall, and arc shipped t< ■ such nurl • promises the best return-. Much < felt and appreciated. Among his friends and neighbors it is well known he has no aspira- tion for political preferment, as the duties of office would cause a sacrifice of his busi- ness interests. Mr. Tucker is still a young man. being hut little past thirty years, and there are many years of usefulness in store for him. That he will develop into a man of exceptional usefulness in this section of northern Indiana is undoubtedly true, and the future for him is indeed bright. Mrs. Tucker is a member of the United Brethren church. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker are the par- ents of one child. Freda D.. born May 31, 1899. She is a bright little girl, and under the wholesome influences of her parents. surrounded with all that can add to her hap- piness, her future is indeed promising. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker enjoy the friendship and esteem of many friends, which will con- stantly increase with the coming of years. JOHN L. ARTHUR. In the old countries of the world, par- ticularly in those governed by kings or em- perors, there is a sharp contrast drawn be- tween persons of title and the laboring classes. The aristocratic members of those countries, from time immemorial, have tried to make it appear that the kings or empen >rs ruled by divine authority, and the families of the nobility attempted to establish their own superiority river the working classes by claiming the same authority. As a conse- quence, labor was looked upon in those coun- tries as degrading, instead of being the no- blest calling to which man can turn his hand. In our country, on the other hand, it has been the aim to ennoble labor, and the re- sult has been to make the farmer and the artisan the peer of the wisest and best in our land. And this view is borne out by such men as the subject of this memoir. He was born in Wabash count). Indiana. January 23. 1855. an d i s tne s< >n of Shelby and Re- becca (Neff) Arthur. The Arthur family are originally from the Old Dominion and are of Scotch de-cent, while the Neffs, who also lived in Virginia, are of German de- scent. While in Virginia the Arthur fam- ily were the owners of slaves, and Shelby was reared on a plantation where many of them were kept and owned. In his you.th he became familiar with the auction block from which the slaves were sold like cattle at so much per head. The Arthurs and the Xeffs lived not far apart in Virginia, and Shelby and Rebecca became acquainted in early life and upon reaching maturity married in that state in the year 1840. Shelby was edu- cated better than usual, as his parents gave him the benefit of private instruction under tutors. Three children were born to Shelby and wife in Virginia, and then the parents, not wishing to rear their family in contact with slavery, concluded to leave Virginia for one of the free states. Accordingly, they loaded all their effects needed in their new home and which were not sold, in two wagons and in 1847 started for the new- home in Indiana. Mr. Arthur bad been out prospecting in 1844, and had' bought a small farm in the northern part of Kosciusko county, but had sold the same a year later. The trip of the family to their new home was 352 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRM'HY. made in the fall "f the year, when the roads, such as there were, were in very had condi- tion. It required five weeks to make the journey. The) -topped in Wabash county, where they bought a farm of eighty acre-. all covered with heavy timber. A -mall spot was cleared, and a rude log cabin was erected. In the meantime, while Mr. Arthur was building his log cabin, his family lodged with a family named Fogarty. Mr. Arthur owned this farm until a few year- ago, when he sold it and now lives in Roann lie made great improvements on the same, and did much of the clearing himself, being mate- rially assisted by hi- boys. \- time pro- gressed, he built a better house and better barns for his stuck. Three of their children were hern in Virginia: James W., Charles F. M. and Joseph; after they came to In- diana the following children were bom : Nancy M.. John 1... Sarah V... Julia A. and Rosa A. All of these children are -till liv- ing. James married Mi-- Mollie Prince, and is an attorney at law in North Manchester, Indiana: Charles married Mi-- Mollie E. Sam-el and i- the editor of the Wabash I ime-. of Wabash, Indiana; Joseph married Mi-- Kate Prince, who died in 1S74. and he then married Mi-- Leva Fague, and upon her death married Mi-- Melissa Kemper and lives in Siher Lake: Nancy became the wife of S. J. Johnson and lives in Virginia : John I... subject; Sarah married Arthur Ken- nedy and live- in Roann; Julia married Jacob Wagner and resides in Wabash coun- ty; Rosa married I'.urri- Johnson and re- side- in North Manchester, Indiana. John I.. Arthur wa- reared in Wabash county, "it his father's farm, lie attended the country schools, and finished with a course at the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, taking the studies prescribed for teacher- in the commercial and the teacher'- courses. Thus he wa- pre- pared for teaching and accordingl) secured hi- certificate. During the winter of 1 s 7 he taught hi- first term and afterward taught three others. On September 30, 1876, he was united in marriage with Mi-- Surfine llaney. who was lx.rn March 14. [856, be- ing a native of Wabash county. Their chil- dren are as follows: James C, horn Sep- tember 4. [883; Julia R., horn March u. [889; Glenn, h"in May 14. 1892; Arthur A., born < October 5. [893, and two that died in infancy. In the spring of 1N77 Mr. Ar- thur moved to this county. He learned the drug trade with Mr. 1'. J. I'.urket and John \ alentine and worked at the same for three vears. In 1880 he began to learn telegraphy at Silver Lake and remained there two years. In 1882 he wa- appointed agent at Summits- ville, Indiana, and remained there until [887. lie then wa- engaged in fitting [ fixtures in the fields for a time. He entered the office of the Big Four railroad a- hill clerk and in 1X90 wa- transferred to Berrien Center, Michigan, in [891 he wa- trans- ferred to Silver Lake as station agent and remained until December, 1900. In the spring oi 1901 he returned to the farm, hav- ing been elected trustee of Lake township. lie i- a Democrat and is strong in the coun- cils of his party. He wa- .: member of the school board of Silver Lake, i- a member of the Masonic lodge, serving as master for -i\ irs, represented hi- lodge in the grand Ige, and 1- al-o a member of Lodge No. 570. I ( 1 1 1 F., having passed all the chair- in the latter. He i- one of the mosl prom- inent citizens of the county, and hi- name and honor are above qui 51 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 353 CHRISTIAN E. FRANTZ. One of the oldest, most substantial and highly respected agriculturists of Lake township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, is Christian E. Frantz, who descends from one of the ante-Revolutionary families of Vir- ginia, of remote Dutch extraction, although Christian E. was born ill Clarke county. Ohio, January 28. 181 7. and is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Eversole) Frantz. The original Frantz family came to America in 1727, and of its members Michael, the first to arrive, settled in Pennsylvania : later an- other of the family came over the ocean and settled in Virginia; from the latter it is in- ferred that the Indiana family has its de- scent. The record of descent is briefly given as follows : ( 1 ) Michael Frantz was bom in Switz- erland, September 1, 1087, and came to America in the ship "Molly;' John Hodge son, master, from Rotterdam, arriving here September 30. 1727. He died in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in 1748. ill) Michael Frantz was born in Ger- many in 1725. and accompanied his father upon his emigration to America in 1727. He married Magdalena Zug, and moved to Botetourt county. Virginia, where his death occurred in 1807. Their children were Michael. Johannas, Abraham. (Ill) Chris- tian, Jacob. Daniel. Peter, David, and a daughter who married a Mr. Gharst. ( III ) Christian Frantz was born about 1700 and was united in marriage to Mary ( rarst. He was a clergyman in the < ierman Baptist church and was also an agricultur- ist, lie came from Virginia and settled on a farm in Clarke county, Ohio, among Other early pioneers, to whom he preached in the German language. He died March 6, 1850. and his wife died August 8, 1838, and their remains lie buried in the graveyard in the northeast quarter of section 7. Pike township, Clarke county, Ohio. They were the parents of the following children : ( IV ) Jacob, Christian, Elizabeth. Catherine, Mary, Magdalena, Esther, Anna and Sally. ( IV) Jacob Frantz was born March 22, 1784, and died December [9, 185 1. He was a miller in Virginia and accompanied his father to Ohio, where he engaged in farming. He married in Ohio. March 22, 1813. Sarah Ebersole, who was born about 1789. and died September 27, 1855. Their children are noted as follows: John, born July 18, 1815, married Susan Frantz, and they had the following children: Katy, Jacob. Mary and Sarah. ( V ) Christian E., the subject. Phcebe. born April 10, 1819, married Joel Ohmart and they have one son, Eli. Anna, born April 17, 1821, unmarried. Elizabeth, born December 7, 1825, married Lewis Myres and they had children, Simon, William, Aaron, John Ezra, Noah, Mary Ann. Sarah Elizabeth and Clara Idelia. Aaron, born April 10, 1830. married, July 17, 1853, Mary Ryman, and their children are Lewis. Adam, Sarah, Elizabeth, Simeon, Samuel Ryman. Jacob Christian. Harrison, John Eli, Mary Catharine. (V) Christian E. Frantz was reared on the home farm in Ohio, and there also ac- quired a limited education in a subscripts n school. He early became acquainted with Miss Mary Heckman, who lived with her parents on a farm about three miles from the Frantz homestead, and this acquaintance- ship eventually culminated in warmer feel- ings, resulting in their marriage, March 7, 1844. The parents of this lady were also 354 COMPENDIUM (>l : BIOGRAPHY. natives of Virginia, but she was born n Ohio, January 26, 1824, and, considering the limite I facilities the country af- 1 in that early day. secured a very fair education. this marriage have been ten children, of whom eight grew to maturity and six still survive, whose names I lannah R., married to David Miller: Phebe F... wife of John W. L'lrich; ' .■ vho is married to Lizzie Kripe; Matthew, married to Anna I • Simon, married to Mary Snepp; Reuben, married t i\ ite Snell and living in North Man Indiana; Minervia. widow of Noah Buttenbaugh ; Martha, deceased wife ■ f Levi VV. Witter. ree years alter marriage Christian E. Frantz and wife came to Kosciusko county, purchased eighty acre- in section [3, Lake township, and here they still make their home, but have since added to the farm un- til it now comprises two hundred and ten The first purchase at that time. 1S47. was all woodland, infested with wild ani- mal- nature, although game was ubundant. There were no roads thi the wilderness stretching from Clarke coun- ty, the new home in Kosciusko county. Indiana, but they managed t<> drive a wagon through by frequently cutting a way. and the journej consumed a week's time. Mr. Frantz was very hard-working, .er. and prospered. Lite iii the wilder- ness was not altogether one of toil, and there were periods of relaxation passed in liunt- r fishing and in the enjoyment of the various "bees," such as log-rolling, I raising, o rn-shucking, quilting, etc, in which the sparsel) settled neighborhoods all gladly ti'..k a pan .and greatly enjoyed them- As time ■ Mr. Frantz added to and improved his property, until .\ . at the ag righty-five year-, al- though still a worker, he i- enjoying his days in a fine brick 1 I is surrounded with all the luxuries of modern country life. Mr-. Frantz has been a worthy helpmate to her husband, and I rne her part in the battle of life, standing shouldei ulder with her husband. They have cured to themse mpetence of at ' thirty thousand dollar-, even cent of which :i accumulated through their own in- dustry ami thrift, as when they settled in thi- county they had nothing 11 chair- to >it 1 .11. Mr. and Mrs. Frantz have been men of the German Baptist church since li and have verj freely contributed from their mean- to Us, support, and there i- no family in Lake township more highly respected than their-. In politics Mr. Frantz i- a Re- publican, but hi- first presidential vote was cast for the Whig ticket, headed by William Henry Harrison, of "Tippecanoe and Tyler, fame. GEORGE VV. RICKEL Human life i- made up of two elements. power and form, and the proportion must be invariably kept if we would have it sweet and sound. Each <>i these element- in excess make- a mischief as hurtful w mid he it- deficiency. Everything turns every good quality is noxious unmixed, and to carry the danger to the edge <-i ruin nature cause- each man's peculiarity to superabound. One speaking from the standpoint of a farmer would couPE.xnirM of biography 355 adduce the learned pn fessions as examples of this treachery. They are nature's vic- tims of expression. Yon study the artist, the orator or the poet and find their lives nc more excellent than that of mechanics or fanners. While the farmer stands at the head of art as found in nature, the cithers get but glimpses of the delights of nature in its various elements and moods. The subject cif this sketch is one who takes de- light in existence. It is because he is in touch with the springs of life. George W. Rickel was born in Wayne county, Ohio, February 16, [838, and is the smi 1 i Samuel and Sarah (Mfoyer) Rickel. The Rickel family are of German descent and are natives of Pennsylvania. The fa- ther was burn in Bedford county, of that siate. .March 14, 1810. He was reared on a farm ami in early manhood chose farm- ing as his life's occupation. He had a fair education in both English and German. Mathias Rickel. the grandfather, came from Bedford county, Pennsylvania, t< • Wayne county, Ohio, when Samuel was a boy of six years. There Samuel grew to years of maturity, and. upon reaching manhood mar- ried .Miss Sarah Mover. Soon after their marriage, in 1842. they came to Kosciusko county and settled in Franklin township, where the father entered a tract of govern- ment land, all of which was covered with heavy timber. Their nearest neighbors were more than a mile away, the woods were filled with wild animals and the In- dians were still to be seen here. He built a small log cabin in the woods and into the same moved his family. They began the hard work of clearing off the big trees, ami eight years later built a large hewed-log house, which was a palace compared with the first rude structure. In iS<>4 he built a substantial frame house, and the family was by this time "out of the woods" and out nf pioneer times as well. On this farm Samuel and Sarah passed the remainder of their days. Mr. Rickel was a man of steady and industrious habits and his honor was unquestioned. He was a Democrat of the Jackson type, a man of linn convictions, ami at one time before Franklin and Seward townships were separated he served as trustee. In fact, he was one of the first to lill that position for either of these town- ships. He was the first postmaster of Beaver Dam, his appointment being miade 111 [844 by President Tyler, and he served in that capacity fur about seventeen years. To the marriage of Samuel and Sarah the following children were born: William. George W., Eliza, Reason, Catherine, John, Mahlnii. Sarah A. and Winchester. Of this family three are deceased. George W. Rickel passed his youth like all boys of that period, going to the sub- scription schools in the winters and work- ing on the farm and in the forest during the summers. Upon reaching his majority he hired out to Horace Tucker and worked for him four and a half years. January 1, [863, he married Miss Mary C., daughter of William) and Susan Dunlap, a lady of rqixed Scotch and Irish descent, who was born April 18, 1846. She was brought from Ohio to Kosciuskoi county in 1854. Her father bought the farm where George W. Rickel now resides, and became a prom- inent and useful citizen. He served his township fur thirty years as justice of the peace, this fact showing the high esteem in which he was held. He was also post- master at Sevastopol and was a strong- Democrat. In his family were eleven chil- dren. To subject ami wife three children 356 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY were born: OJive A., lxirn September 21, 1865, and became the wife of Edson B. Sarber, the present trustee of Seward town- ship; Lloyd A., born Augusl u. 1N77. mar- ried Mis- Redie Black and resides in Frank- lin township, Sarali A., born Januarj 23, 1882, is unmarried and still lives with her father. < hit of hi* wages and otherwise the subject had saved about one thousand dol- lars, and with it he took an interest in farm- ins; with Horace Tucker. In [865hebought the land where Sevastopol now stands and moved onto the same. He now owns one hundred and forty acres of excellent land in this township, and is in comfortable cir- cumstances Besides farming, he makes a specialty of fine horses. In clitics he is a Democrat and as such was elected in [866 trustee of this township, and continued to serve acceptably for a period of fourteen years, later serving another term of two year*. He built the first brick schoolhouse in the township, and during his administra- tion built seven schoolhouses in all. lie i~ well known and universally respected and no citizen stand* higher in the estimation of the people. Mr. Rickel has in his posses si> m an 1 'Id parchment deed, dated Septem- ber -'. [839, and signed by President Mar- tin Van Buren. I-.I.I TURNBULL. One of the largest industries of the United States, if nut the largest, is that of the lumber business. When the figures are laid before a person it is staggering l -<■■ the magnitude of the trade. And the de- mand n the increase, because the population is growing and the uses which wind is put are ever mi the increase. What a mine of wealth the farmer would have if he could draw from the supplies of timber which he cut down and burned up i" • of the way forty, fifty and sixty years ago. In many "instances the timber wi uld he worth m< re than the land, houses and stock put together. I'm if the timber could he put hack as it was. the crops would he cut off, and si ■ it is better as it i-. The ~ettler was compelled ti> destroy the timber 1 r eKe the land would yet l>e a wilderness The business of the subject of this sketch re- quires him tn use up large quantities of virgin timber. lie obtains his supplies fr< m the remnants of the forests which mice cov- ered all of this land, hut his products are necessities and in strong demand, lie was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, June 9 [849, and is the son of Robert and Mary (Fisher) lurnhull. The father was a na- tive of Ohio and was of Sc itch-Irish de- scent, a race that is noted for its orat and statesmen. The Fisher family also hail from the Buckeye state, and are of < iermanic descent, a race famous for its sturdy quali- ties an«l education. The parents grew up in Ohio and were there married. them were born eight children, as follows; EH, subject; Martha J., win. wedded Isaac Davis and lives in Churubusco, Indiana: Margaret, who married John Summers and resides in Churubusco: Sarah !•".. who mar- ried ( )scar Layman and is deceased : Annora, who wedded Smith Matthews and resides in Churubusco. Two of the children died in infancy. John was killed by a falling tree when he was about twenty years "Id. Eli . w up mi his father's farm and received in the meantime a fair education at the com- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 157- mon scIk K ils. He learned the business of farming, but upon reaching his majority lie went to Wisconsin, far up in the famous logging regions, and became a cook in one of the large lumber camps of that region. He put in several years in that business, and when he came out he was skilled in the busi- ness of cooking and in the lumber business as well. In i N74 he was united in married with Miss Demis Nutting, of Wisconsin, whose parents were natives of New York, and to this union three children were born, as follows : Effa, deceased, and two that died in infancy. His first wife died in 1881, and and he later married Miss Sarah F. Reed, of Noble county, Indiana, and this marriage resulted in the birth of the following chil- dren: Bertha, born June 24. 1887; George, born June 9, 1890: Retha. born April 28, 1894, and four others that died in early years. After his first marriage he resided in Wisconsin for seven years and was en- gaged in the lumber business a part of the time. In 1882 he came back to Churubusco and dealt in timber for twelve years. He located in Mentone in April, 1892, and worked for Brown 6L- Son for four years and then went into business for himself. He started a saw-mill and a boat-oar factory, having at that time a capital of two teams and fifteen dollars in cash. By judicious in- vestments and good business methods, he prospered until now he has a large trade and employs on an average twenty-eight men. to whom he pays weekly about two hundred and lift_\- dollars. He buys ami handles large quantaties of timber and ships his products to all quarters, his industry being profitable for him ami beneficial to the town. .Mr. Turnbull is a strong Republican and a self-made man in all respects, lie is one of the leaders of this community in educa- tion, morals and good citizenship generally. His wife is a member of the Baptist church. GABRIEL SWIHART. This venerable agriculturist is one of the oldest of the citizens of Lake township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, but was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, September 13, 18 17. His parents, Jacob and Mary (Ault) Swihart were natives of Pennsyl- vania and of German desent. These parents were both born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and were both brought to Ohio when young, their people settling in the same neighborhood in Montgomery county. There they grew to maturity ami mg~ the pioneers and in due time were united in marriage, the result being a family of eleven children, namely: Sarah, Diana, Gabriel, Elizabeth, Mary, Jacob. Susanna, Lydia,. John, Barbara and Isaac. Jacob Swihart was a mason by trade, but also carried on farming. He came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, in February, 1839, and entered two hundred and forty acres of land, to which he afterward added another two hundred and forty acres. Gabriel Swihart came to this county with his parents, but in a short time returned t<> Ohio, wdiere he finished his studies in a com- mon school, and then, a few months later, came back to Indiana and for eleven terms taught school in Kosciusko county. In January. 1840. Mr. Swihart once- more returned to his native county, and was there married to Leah McDonald, whom he at once broughl t' 1 Indiana and for some- 35* c OMPENDIUM OF Hl< K.RAI'llY . time lived .in the farm of In- step-mother, which farm heat first rented ami afterward pur It contains one hundred ami sixtj a ' here Mr. Swihart put up bin ami afterward lx.u^ht fifty acres re. In politics Mr. Swihart was tlr-t a Whig, luu after the old party was merged, as it were, int" tiie new ami vigorous Republican part) he affiliated with the latter. His first i- was for William Henry Harrison, the Whig leader of the famous in" campaign under the shibboli if "Tippecam * ami Tyler, t> < >." in 1841 >. the ticket being triumphantly successful in Mo- nber of that year. Mr. Swihart has him- self served as township trustee of Clay (which included Lake) township for one term, and was postmaster at < meida for ten years. I le was township clerk one term ami has alsi ■ served as supen is. r. October 28, 1896, Mrs. Leah 1 Mel ton- aid 1 Swihart died in the faith of the Ger- man Baptist church, of which church Mr. Swihart has been a member f>>r main years. She had borne her husband seven children. Anna, wife of Go rge Beigh, and re- siding in Seward township; Elizabeth, mar- ried to Jacob F. Cillery and living "it the Swihart homestead; Jacob, still single and making his home with his father: Mary,' deceased; fohn, deceased: Joseph and Diana (twins 1. of whom Joseph has married Miss Alice Rh des and I >iana is deceased. Gabriel Swihart. now in his eighty-fifth year, is remarkably hale and well preserved a- to ins physical appearance, and as far that is concerned would never he taken by a stranger or casual observer, not cognizant his advanced sixtj \< old. His memory is wonderful!) retentive. ami his mental faculties, indeed, seem to be in all respects unimpaired. His long life of Usefulness and charitable acts has won for him the sincere affection of aim man. woman and child in Lake township. if many of those living in townships ent. His early industry has resulted in hi- tence, and while he still enjoys the glow of the g rays of the -1111 of life that must eventually -it behind the horizon of the inevitable, he share- that enjoyment with no stint in the companionship of the members of his fam- ily and his loving friends. JACOB ILRIA The agricultural interests of Jacl township are abl) represented by Jao L'lrey. who during the greater part of the time since his birth, on the 28th dav of April. (846, has been a resident and hon- ored citizen of the county of Kosciusko. Paternally he is of German lineage, his great-grandfather coming from the old coun- try in an early d.i\ and settling in Lancaster county. Pennsylvania, where Isaac I drew the subject's grandfather, was born and d. When a young man Isaac Ulrej migrated to Montgomery county. ( mio, with his wife. Barbara Gripe, whom he married in the Keystone state, and there followed ag- ricultural pursuits until [836, when became to Kosciusko county, Indiana, settling in the southwestern part of Jackson township. He ne of the earliest pioneers of tin tion where he located and he continued t" reside on the land he purchased from the government until his death, on the 4th day COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 359- of September, [859. Among the children of l>aac and Barbara Ulrey was Stephen Ul- rey, a youth of seventeen when the family came to the new home in the wilds of Jack- son township. He remained with his father until reaching the age of twenty-one, when he entered the marriage relation with Miss Mary Swihart, a sister of Gabriel Swihart, and a member of one of the old and highly esteemed families of this part of the county. The issue of this union were the following children: Barbara, wife of Daniel Butter- baugh : Jacob S., subject of this review; Sarah, wife of S. J. Fisher: Alary A., wife of William Isenbarger; Esther, who mar- ried Samuel Climer; Isaac and George, the last two dying when young. Jacob S. Ulrey first saw the light of day in Clay township, now the township of Lake, and spent his childhood and youth on his father's farm, where he early learned the lessons of thrift and industry which have characterized his subsequent years. By rea- son of the death of his father, which oc- curred when the subject was young, he en- joyed but limited educational advantages, being obliged, as soon as old enough, to con- tribute his share to the maintenance of his mother and the children dependent upon her. Like a dutiful son. he gave up without mur- muring- any plans he may have previously formed for attending school, and until his twenty-third year farmed the home place and looked carefully after his mother's in- terests. Shortly after his marriage, in 1868, he ;\.m\ his wife moved to Wabash county, where they made their home for a period of eighteen years, residing during that time on a farm which Mr. Ulrey rented for four years and which subsequently came into his possession by purchase. The time spent in the county of Wabash covered the interim between 1871 and 1889. Mr. Ulrey in the latter year purchased the farm in Jackson township where he now lives and moved to the same immediately thereafter. In com- mon with the majority of farmers, he has experienced both good fortune and the op- pi isite. the latter consisting largely of sick- ness with which certain members of his family have been afflicted. ■ December 13, 1868, Mr. Ulrey and Miss Alary C, daughter of Abraham Rowland, were united in the bonds of wedlock. Seven children have resulted from this marriage, th« oldest of whom. Rosa, was born August 2, 1869, is now the wife of Jesse I lite, and lives in the town oi Manchester; George, the second, was born April 23, 1871, mar- ried Mattie Grove and at this time lives in the state of Minnesota; Lizzie, born Feb- ruary 14, 1873. is the wife of Ira Grosnickle, < if Manchester ; Alattie, who became the wife of Alva Studebaker, was born June 13, 1S74: Abraham, an employe of the Wabash railroad, was born on the 17th of July, 1876: Anna, now Airs. Alva Parrott, was born September 15, 1879, and lives in South Whitley. Whitley count}' : Stephen, the youngest of the family, was born January 19, 1881, and died on the 4th day of March, [882. Airs. Ulrey's parents were natives of Maryland and came to Lake township. Kos- ciusko count}', about the year 1846. She was born one year later and lias spent all of her life in the counties of Kosciusko and \\ abash. Air. L'lrey is a thrift}" man, honest and upright in all of his dealings, and is num- bered among the most intelligent and pro- gressive farmers of the township of which he is an honored resident. A man of earn- 360 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. est c< nvictions, strong in his purpose to do the right, and ever ready to lend his aid to further an enterprise by which the public may be benefited, he has borne well his part in life and a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances h"M him in warm personal re- gard. He and hi- estimable wife are widely and favorably known throughout Kosci- usko and Wabash counties and their char- acters in all that constitute true man and womanhood have always been above criticism i r reproach. Both are highlj es- teemed members of the German Baptist church, with which body they became identi- fied in tlu year 1872 and since that time they have been endeavoring to the best of their abilities to live such lives a- the Master shall approve on the great day when all -had render account for the deed- done in the In >dv. SAMUEL HOFFER. The well known gentleman to a review of whose life the following lines are de- voted i- a native of < >hi". horn in Holmes count} on the 25th day of Vugust, 1846. American branch of the Hotter family had it- origin in Pennsylvania, in which state the original ancestors settled many years ago, coming to this country from > ler many. For generations they were tillers of the soil and belonged to that large and emi- ncnth respectable middle class to which the United States i- so largely indebted for its marvelous agricultural and industrial growth. 1 >n the maternal side the subject i- of Irish lineage. Mi- mi tlu-r- name was Mo,. re and she belonged to a numerous fam- ily that became residents of Pennsylvania at a ven early date. Mr. Hoffer's father was reared to agri- cultural pursuits and always followed farm- ing for a livelihood. His parent- mov( Ohio in pioneer times, locating in Holmes county, and he remained in that part of the State until [865, when he moved to K usko county. Indiana, and purchased two hundred acre- of land in the township of Etna. Hi- place was comparatively new at the time, the only improvements being about ten acre- of partly cleared land. Mr. Hoffer wa- a man of great industry and . . hut did not live long enough to make much improvement-, dying the same year of hi- arrival, lie reared a family of two and four daughters, viz: Marian, Samuel. Lena A.. Sarah. John and Anna. Samuel being the oldest son, to him fell the responsibility of caring for the mother and other children after the father's death. Taking charge of the farm he bent all of his jies in the direction of it- improvement, in which work he wa- assisted hy hi- young- er brother, who. though a youth, wa- sti and active for his year- and proved a valu- able helper. By reason of his duties as prac- tical head of the family, the subject was ■ 1 liged, much to hi- regret, to forego school privileges, consequently his education is -amewhat limited. Later in life he made up for tin- deficiency by wide reading and ibservation, which, with his know of business and contact with the world in various capacities, ha- made him a very in- telligent and broad-minded man. S years after hi- father'- death hi- mother was united in marriage to Mr, Samuel B who proved to he an exception to the ma* ioritj of step-fathers in that the children were well cared for and their rights and in- ts respected. Young Samuel remained COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 361 at home until his own marriage, which was si lemiiized in his nineteenth year with Miss Esther Baker, the bride being but sixteen years of age at the time. Mr. Hoffer and his young wife began life's struggles with little of this world's goods, but blessed with good health and animated by a determined purpose to suc- ceed). They resolutely faced the future and at once commenced laying aside a portion of their earnings with the object in view of ultimately purchasing a home of their own. In due time Mr. Hoffer invested in fort) acres of land in Etna township, which he soon converted into a good farm, making improvements at intervals as his means would admit. Bv industry and good man- agement he succeeded admirably in his un- dertaking and it was not long until he added another forty-acre tract to his original pur- chase, the two pieces of land comprising the present a r ea of the farm. As a farmer he has always been energetic and, possessing the happy faculty of always looking upon the bright side, has never become discour- aged and has rarely failed in realizing abundant returns from his labors. In addi- tion to general farming he has done much in the way of stock raising, having long made this branch of the farm yield a large portion of his income. Mr. Hoffer believes in improvement and has spared neither labor nor expense in supplying his place with substantial buildings and otherwise beautifying the home and adding to it- at- tractiveness and value. In c88l he erected a line barn, thirty by fifty-five feet in area and ci rrespondingly high, and in [890 replaced iiu old dwelling with a commodious modern residence. He has surrounded himself with main of the comforts and conveniences oi life and is now in independent circumstances with a sufficient competence laid by to make ln>. declining years free from care or anxiety. Mr. Hoffer occupies a prominent place in the esteem of the people of his commu- nity and is universally respected for his man- iy character as well as for his many deeds of kindness as a neighbor, friend and citi- zen. He has lived to a good and useful pur- pose and the high position he occupies in the community has been honestly and well merited. As a business man hi-- methods have always been correct ami fair dealing lias characterized all of his transactions with his fellow man. Personally he possesses those qualities calculated to inspire confi- dence in others, consequently is popular with all classes and conditions of people, hav- ing never lacked for warm friends when- ever he has needed them. In politics he is a supporter of the Republican party, but has never had the time nor the inclination to take a very active part in political work. Fraternally he belongs to the order of Mac- cabees, carrying in the same an ample insur- ance for his family in case of his death. He has always been a good liver and liberal provider and his aim has bear to make com- fortable and happy those dependent upon him, as well as to wield an influence for good among all with whom he comes in contact. Mr. and Airs. Hoffer have four children : Andrew E., born November 28, [868, mar- ried Eliza Hazen and lives in Etna town- ship; Frank J., born Augusl (8, [872, mar- ried Xellie Bowman and lives on the home farm; Oran A., born April 15. 1*74. also lives in the township of Etna ami i- a mar- ried man, his wife being formerly Mis- Ma- lic Sechrist; Florence X.. the youngest <•( lU.Ml'EXPIL'M OF BIOGKAl'UY. the wife of James Stackhouse, -tt township; her birth occurred on the 19th of August, 1882. ill'.Xin S. K. B VRTHOLOMEW. Henr) S. K. Bartholomew, the popular and efficient editor and proprietor of the Warsaw Union, the only Democratic paper published in Kosciusko county. is an fndi- anian by birth, having first seen the lighl of da) in Middlebury township. Elkhart count} . I [e 1- of < ierman descent and traces his ancestrj hack to hi- great-great-grand- father, John Bartholomew, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, who was a Revolu- tionary soldier. Among the family of John Bartholomew was Moses Bartholomew, the -reat grandfather of the subject, who settled in Loudoun county. Virginia, where John Bartholomew, Jr.. the grandfather of the subject, was born. The last-named married Mi-- ko-annah Sager and subsequently re- Ohio, thence, in later years, to Michigan, where his wife died. He after- ward- moved to Iowa, bul later came t" Goshen, Indiana, where he died in [864. He was the father of ten children, viz: Christian. Moses, Lydia A., Amos, Samuel. Rebecca l ; ... Sarah ].. John. Abraham S. and I lenrv S. Moses Bartholomew, the father of the subject, was born in Union county. Ohio, nber 22, 1824, and removed with his Kalamazoo county, Michigan, in 1847. I lis father was a 1 ed that trade while a hoy, under his fa- - . gf in ll until 1868. In i8< mi ved to Elkhart county. Indiana, and afterward- established himself in business -hen. He wa- married in that county on the i2th day of November, 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Pfeiffer, who was born in Wayne county. Ohio, December -7. 1834, and was a daughter of Jacob and Mary E. ( Knapp) Pfeiffer. The latter couple were lwtli na- if Germany and emigrated to the United State- in 1833, having been married in the Fatherland some years before com- ing t" this country. Upon arriving in the new world they first -ettled in Wayne coun- ty, Ohio, but in [843 moved to Elkhart county. Indiana, where they resided until their death-. They were the parents of ten children, as follow-: Jacob, Philopene, Caroline, Frederick, Elizabeth, I lenrv. Christina, Philip ami William (twins) and one daughter that died in infancy unnamed. After the father of the subject married he lir-t -ettled in Middlebury township, Elk- hart county, this -tate. where he engaged in farming, hut later he moved to Goshen, where he engaged in the cooperage business for about live year-. Then he purchased an eighty-acre farm in Jefferson township, that county, onto which he moved and then gaged in farming until his death, which oc- curred on the j i-t of January, 1900. His wife ]. receded him to the silent world, dying June 29, inn< s Mi ses Bartholomew was > Democrat in politics, a- were hi- ancestors a- far hack a- known. He wa- a devout member of the Lutheran church, as was his n ife. Hi- a- est - I .utherans, le of them having been prominent min- that denomination. Hi- was the father of four children besides the sul brieflj mentioned a- follow-: X Inirn September 5, 1867, became the wil A Xrust^y j0 , /o, ft ajudtd!<^dujj-. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 363 Edward H. Gardner and resides in Elkhart county; Ella May, born December 30, 1869, is the wife of Jesse S. Cripe, and also resides in Elkhart county on the old Bartholomew homestead ; they have one child, Agnes Eliz- abeth, who is the only grandchild of Mr. and Mrs. Moses Bartholomew; Clara V. and Carra V, were twins and were born April 25, [873 ; Clara V. is unmarried and resides on the old homestead in Elkhart county, while Carra V. died April 24, 1874. Henry S. K. Bartholomew is the eldest of the family and was born on the 8th of October, 1862. He was reared in his native county, the first five years of his life being spent in Goshen. Afterward the family re- moved to the farm heretofore referred to, where the subject received his early training amid the scenes of rural life. He early be- came acquainted with the principles of in- dustry, and the farm life, which afforded him plenty of work and an abundance of fresh air, gave him strength as he grew to matur- ity and today he is. both physically and mentally, a splendid representative of Indi- ana's manhood. He received his rudimental education in the district schools of his neigh- borhood and in the Middlebury high school, after which he attended the Northern Indi- ana Normal School at Valparaiso and Pur- due University at Lafayette, taking a short course in agriculture at the latter institution. When seventeen years < if age he began teach- ing, which occupation he followed through five terms, though not consecutively. Not liking this vocation, he again turned his at- tention to agriculture, in which he was en- gaged on the 1 'Id homestead for twelve years. In August, [899, he went to South Bend, Indiana, where he became a member oi the editorial staff of the South Bend Times. March 7, 1901, he purchased the Warsaw Union, taking charge of the same on the 20th of the same month, and is now sole owner of that paper, which is one of the best newspapers, and the only Democratic one, published in the county, having a cir- culation of eighteen hundred copies. Mr. Bartholomew was one of the organizers of the first farmers' institute in Elkhart county and was its first president. He was con- nected with the institution in an official ca- pacity until leaving the county and was also a part of the time employed as an instructor in farmers' institutes throughout the north- ern portion of the state. Mr. Bartholomew is a member of the Lutheran church and is a charter member of the Holy Trinity English Lutheran church of South Bend, which he helped to organize. Fraternally he is a member of Middlebury Lodge No. 311, K. P.. and is a past chancellor in that lodge, having also represented it in the grand lodge at Indian- apolis. For eight years he was a member of Calanthe Division No. 41. U. R. K. P., of Goshen, but upon leaving the latter city took out an honorable discharge. He is a charter member of Warsaw Grange, P. of II.. and a member of Kosciusko County Pomona Grange and the Indiana state grange. He was one of the organizers of the Elkhart County Historical Society and served as its secretary for the first four vears of its organization, or until he left that county. He is also a member and helped to organize the Kosciusko County lli-torical Society. He is an uncompromis- ing Democrat in politics ami takes an active interest in the success of his party, lie has ■2-2 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. spirant for public honors ijh his friends have endeavored man) lade him to allow his name to be presented fi r i ffice. PHILIP CHIVINGTON. The gentleman whose name introduces -ketch is a progressive fanner of Etna ship and was one of Indiana's patriotic the blue and fi iught the incline- of In- country mi many of the es of the South and during the troublous period when secession threat- ened the disruption of the national union. lie was born in Elkhart county, this state, mber 28, 1847, the son < f John and Harriet (Dickey) Chivington, native-, re- spectively, • f New York and Indiana. The father, who was 1 1 [rish descent, settled in the untj 1 1 Elkhart when a young man, and there met and married Harriet Dickey. who l the mother of five sons and five daughters, viz: Absalom, Madison, Martha. Sarah. Mary ].. Alnnra. Belinda and Philip, cf whom the first two are tun ifter the death of the mother of these Children n married Mrs. Elizabeth Seaman, whose maiden name was Dillen. ge of twelve years Philip Chiv- leprived l>y death of that best and most loving "t" all earthly friends, his mother, after which he became an inm; an ol - household. Reared on a he early learned t" perform the - e-t manual labor, and while -till a men cl by different panic- in the at month h wages. It was while thus engaged that Fort Sumter fired upon and the country became alarmed b) reason of the rapid approach of civil war. Catching the patriotic >pirit with which so many gallant young men of the North became imbued, he went to the town of Elkhart and tendered hi- services to the lunteer. Failing to p fully the required test by reason >. being but fifteen at the time, he returned home very much cast down hut with a determination to make a second at- tempt 1 favorable opp rum- ity presented it-elf. In due time he again presented himself for enlistment, this time with better fortune, for on August -'-'. [86.2, he wa- accepted anil became a membei npaiiv 1 >. One Hundredth Indiana Vol- unteer Infantry. Mustering at Indianap- 3, the regiment proceeded to Cairo, llli- thence to Memphis, Tennessee, and he first met the encim at Jackson, in the latter -tate. where Mr. Chivington experienced his first practical knowledge of warfare. The campaigns ami battle- in which the ( me Hundredth Indiana took part constitute an important chapter of the history of the Re- bellion. Among the leading battles in which Mr. Chivington participated were the Yickshurg. Missionary ut Mountain, Chattan which, with several minor engagements, made up hi- first two year- of active service. After -pending the winter of 1863 in bama his command, the following spring, entered upon one of the bloodiest campaigns 1 war and from that time till the of the struggle the subjeel saw much active service, being under tire almost constantly fi r several months in successii n. Tin g, i 1 addition to those already 1 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 365 is but a partial list of battles in which he was engaged: Resaca, Georgia, Knoxville, Tennessee, Dalton, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Negro Jack Creek, Chattahoochee River, Atlanta, Cedar Bluff, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Griswold, Savannah, Branchville, Georgia, Little River, Alabama, Bentonville and Raleigh, North Carolina, besides others of which no note was taken. After the fall of Atlanta and the crushing of the Confederate forces from Georgia to the sea, Air. Chivington marched through the Carolinas to Raleigh, thence to Wash- ingti in, 1 ). C, where he had the honor of tak- ing part in the grand review at the close of the war. The corps to which his regiment belonged was commanded by the gallant general and patriot, John A. Logan, and it was his privilege to follow that great chief- tain on many of the bloodiest fields for which the Rebellion was noted. Mr. Chivington was discharged on the 8th day of June. 1865, and immediately thereafter returned to Elkhart county, where for some months he worked at any honor- able employment which his hands found to ■do. In 1867 he came to Kosciusko county and turned his attention to agricultural pur- suits, which he has since followed with en- couraging success, being now one of the substantial farmers and enterprising citi- zens of the township of Etna. Shortly after becoming a resident of this county he was united in marriage to Miss Louisa J. Felter. a union that resulted in the birth of four children: Mary R.. wife of Sol. Thomas, of Scott township: Charles F., who lives in Wisconsin; Halcie \\\. who married Emma Taylor, deceased: and Josephine, wife of Ed Taylor, a farmer of Etna, township. Mrs. Chivinsrton's married life was not of long duration, being terminated by her un- timely death in the winter of 1880. Subse- quently, March 2j, 1890, .Mr. Chivington married his present wife, formerly. Mrs. William Taylor, but whose maiden name was Sarah Hoffer. By her former husband she had four children, namely. Cora M., Emma S., Samuel E. and Margaret E. In politics Mr. Chivington has always affiliated with the Republican party and there is no man sounder in the principles and traditions of Republicanism than he. He never fails to cast his ballot and, when nec- essary, expresses fearlessly the well ground- ed opinions which he entertains. A close student of political questions and a wide reader of literature bearing upon public af- fairs, he is a forceful factor in the coun- cils of the party and as a worker has been influential in advancing the interests of the ticket in the locality where he lives. Mr. Chivington is a man of quiet demeanor, ab- solutely honest and reliable in all of his dealings, and possesses in a marked degree the esteem of the people with whom he as- sociates. For about twenty years be has been an earnest and consistent member of the Christian church, being familiar with its peculiar plea and read}' at all times to make any reasonable sacrifice to the end that the Master's kingdom may be promoted and mankind won to the higher life. Frater- rallv he belongs to Stephen Hamlin Post, G. A. R., of Etna Green, and on account of services gallantly rendered is now the re- cipient of a liberal pension from the govern- ment for the preservation of which he gave much of the strength and vigor of his man- hood. Mr. Chivington is essentially a man of the people, belonging to that large and emi- 360 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. nentl) respectable class thai by deed- rather than by words give stability to the commu- iui_\ and d" so much to promote the ma- teria] interest of the country. Few men can boasl of a military record as replete with me duty faithfully and uncomplaining- ]\ performed, while- his career in the humble sphere of private citizenship has been such as t'. recommend him to the favorable con- sideration of the best people of the township ol which he is a resident. B. A. THOMAS. Success in this life comes t" the deserv- It i- an axiom demonstrated by all human experience, that a man gets out of this life what he puts into it, plus a re able interest on the investment. The indi- ll who inherit- a larg< ami adds nothing to hi- fortune cannot lie called a successful man. lie that fails heir to a large fortune ami increases it- value i- suc- cessful in proportion to the amount he adds ti hi- possession. But the man who starts in the world unaided and by sheer force of will, controlled by correct principle-. I ahead and at length reaches a positi< honor among his fellow citizens achieves success such a- representatives of the two former classes can neither understand nor appreciate. I" a considerable extent the subject of this sketch is a creditable repre- itive of the class la-t named, a class which has furnished much of the bone and smew of the country and added to tl • liility of our government and its institutions. 1'.. A. lib imas i- a nati\ e i if K county. Indiana, and son of Samuel S Eliza (Beckner) Thomas. The subject's paternal grandfather, Samuel Thomas, was horn in Wales of English parentage, lie married into the Matthew- family that moved to North Carolina many year- ag in their veins flowed the 1>I< •• «1 of a long lire of Scotch-Iri-h ancesti rs. In an early day Samuel Thomas came to America and -atled in North Carolina, where he became a well-to-do planter. By reason of his un- dying hatred of the institution of slavery he quit the South about the year [834 and d to Union county. Indiana. Subse- quently he changed his residence to the coun- ty of Elkhart, hut purchased land in this county. lie reared a family of thirteen children, whose name- are a- follow-; 1 en. Ellen, Jane. Matilda. Samuel. Elkanah, Andrew. Benjamin, James, Dovey, Sarah, William and John. Samuel Thomas, Jr., fifth child of Sam- uel Thomas referred to at* ve, was reared in Rowan count). North Carolina, ami in Union and Elkhart counties, Indiana, and. like his ancestors for several generations he- fore him. became a tiller of the -oil. lie married, in the county of Elkhart, Eliza Beckner, whose parents came to Indiana in early day from Ohio and settled not far from where the Thomas family located in Clinton township, Elkhart county. They were of German descent and earned the rep- utation of industrious, honest ami honor- able people, characteristics which appear to have been inherited in a marked degree by their descendants. Samuel S. Thomas pur- chased eighty acre- of land in Scott township, Kosciusko county, from which he developed a good farm. He made many substantial improvement- on his place mown far and wid< COMPEXPIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 367 fanner and enterprising man, also as a goo 1 citizen, who, knowing his duty, discharged the same regardless of fear or favor. His widow is still living, making her home at this time with her son, Solomon Thomas. Samuel S. and Eliza Thomas had a large family, t twelve in all. namely: William. Jacob. I'.. A., Chauncy, Dovey, Francis, Sol- omon, Eli, Margaret, Albert, Ellen, of whom .Margaret and Albert were twins. Of this large family that once surrounded the hearthstone of their parents, five have been ■called to another life, and the others are to- day tilling stations of usefulness in the world. The direct subject of this review was born in Scott township, December 9, 185 1, and grew to manhood on his father's farm. At intervals during his minority he attended the public schools and at the age of twenty- one turned his attention to carpentrv. He soon became a skillful workman and fol- lowed the trade until his marriage, in 1880, after which he engaged in the pursuit of ag- riculture. Miss Mary C. Phares became his wife on April 29, 1880. She was born in the township of Etna, March 20, 1857. the daughter of Amos and Elizabeth (Minnis) Phares. who came to Kosciusko county about the year 1852 and purchased a farm in section i r, Etna township. After his marriage Mr. Thomas moved to a small farm of twenty acres in Scott township and began cultivating the land, in addition to which he worked at intervals at his trade, finding plenty of work to do in his neighborhood and elsewhere. His own place not being large enough to farm profit- ably, he rented ground in the vicinity ami in tfhis waj was enabled, with ids earnings from carpentering, to make substantial progress, accumulating within about twelve years sufficient means to purchase the old Phares homestead, which came into his pos- session in the fall of 1892. This farm has been his home since that date and under his successful management has been brought to a high state of tillage, besides containing some of the best improvements in the neigh- borhood. Mr. Thomas is a careful husband- man and cultivates his soil after the most ap- proved methods. lie works according to well devised plans, keeps everything on the premises in good condition and the general appearance of his home indicates order and good taste. His buildings are substantial and comfortable, the fences in first-class re- pair, and the golden harvests which he every year reaps attest the industry with which he prosecutes his labors. In addition to general farming and stock raising Mr. Thomas, since the year 1885, lias operated a steam thresher with which he does a large and lucrative business in his own and other com- munities, the enterprise proving remunera- tive from the beginning and furnishing no small part of his annual income. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas are the parents of two children, the older of whom. Gladys, w as born on the 19th day of September, t882. She was graduated from the com- mon schools in 1901 and is a young lady of good mind and much more than ordinary culture, highly respected in the community, and has before her a promising future. Samuel A., the second, was born March 14. [887, and died an untimely death on the nth of March, 1889. Mr. Thomas affiliates with the Demo- cratic party and for eleven years served as a _ t . SS(ir of Scott township. lie did not finish \n> lasl term, resigning the office upon 368 COMPE.XPIUM OF BIOGRAPHY removal in 1892 to the township of Etna. Id is a zealous member of the ( > well a- his example have inspired others t" noble deeds and greater activities in the work of win- ning men and women to the higher life, say that Mr. Thomas is a good man. an up- righl citizen and a devout Christian is express a fad of which his neighbors and many friends are fully cognizant. His aim has always been to do the right and it i- such as he that "tir country is indebted for the stability of its institutions and for the large measure of prosperity which it enjoys. S< ID >MON SECHRIST. Paternally the subject of this review is tided fn.m French ancestry and mater- nally traces his family history hack to the mountains and valleys of Switzerland. In p.11 early day his great-grandfather 'eft the vine-clad hills of beautiful France and. with 1 'titer of his countrymen, came t" America and settled in Westmoreland county, I sylvai lere he reared a family and lived the life of a farmer. Among his de- scendants was a grandson, David Seohrist, birth occurred in Pennsylvania, When a young man David went to Stark county. Ohio, where he purchased a farm and became a successful tiller of the soil. lie married Miss Catherine Wens, whose ancestors came to the United States about the same time that the Sechrists located in Pennsylvania, and settled in Ohio They were Swiss and. like many people from the old W( rid. were lured to this country by the prospect of obtaining lands, which was an impossible thing to do in their native coun- try by reason 1 f the high price of real es- tate and its entailment to the wealthy and the nobility. David Sechrist remained in Ohio until [842, iii < October of which year he dis] of his interests there and moved to Marshall county. Indiana, where he purchased eighty acres of land. I le als< 1 h. rught the same num- ber of acres jusl across the line in the county of Kosciusko, and in due time cleared ami developed a good farm on which himself and wife spent remainder of their days. He made many substantial improvements on his-. and became a noted farmer and prom- inent citizen. Public-spirited and pn . sive, he to!>k a leading part in the materia! development of me country and for many years was a local politician of the old Whig school, afterwards transferring his alle- giance to the Republican party. He and wife weii ealous church workers ami tiie wholesome influence which they exerted in the community was largely instrun evating the morals of their neighbors and friends and leading many into God's v isilile kingdom. Eight S< ms and two ti- ters were horn to David ami Catherim COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 369 christ, namely: Jacob, Laura. Isaiah. Sol- omon, David, Samuel. George, Mary. Jere- miah and John. Solomon Sechrist's birth occurred in Stark county. Ohio, October 22, 1833, and he was a lad of nine years old when the family moved to northern Indiana. Like all boys m a new and undeveloped country, lit was early put to work on the farm, and the healthful exercise of such active labor induced strong physical vigor, productive oi health, strength and long life. At the early age of fifteen he left home and began working for himself as a farm laborer at monthly wages, receiving for his services a mere pittance compared with remuneration such as young men of the present clay are paid. .Mr. Sechrist continued to labor by the mi nth until 1853. on April 5th of which year he was united in marriage to Miss Eliz- abeth Hepler. who was born in Stark coun- ty. Ohio, in the year 1835. Mrs. Sechrist's parents were natives of Pennsylvania, but when young migrated to Ohio, thence, in [838, to Kosciusko county. Indiana. Her lather entered land in Scott township and be- came one of the most progressive farmers of his community, accumulating land and other property valued at over ten thousand dollars. Mr. and Mrs. Sechrist began housekeep- ing on a forty-acre tract of land in Marshall county, which Mr. Sechrist had formerly purchased from the government. They con- tinued to live there until their house and all ' f its contents were destroyed by fire, a loss which embarrassed them considerably. After this catastrophe Mr. Sechrist sold his place and bought eighty acres in Kosci- usko county, in addition to the cultivation of which he also started a general store, which proved a paying enterprise. After making some money he again disposed of his possessions and went to Iowa, a most unfortunate move, as he encountered many discouraging obstacles in that state and failed to make any of his undertakings suc- ceed. After spending the greater part of his money in several unfortunate enter- prises Mr. Sechrist, in 1867, returned to Indiana and invested the residue of his means in forty acres of land in Kosciusko county. He did not retain this place very long, but sold it at the first favorable op- portunity and purchased the same number of acres in Etna township, on which he has since resided. He now has a beautiful and well improved farm, the greater part under cultivation, and by industry and thrift has recovered from his former reverses and is now well situated as far as material things are concerned. Mr. Sechrist began life's struggle alone and unaided, and despite his many ups and downs triumphed over adverse circum- stances and earned not only a comfortable and attractive home, but also a position of honor in the community such as few attain. His intelligence and practical wisdom I ng ago attracted the attention of the public and at different times he has teen honored with local offices, among which were those of school director, supervisor and justice of the peace. In the last named 1 iffice he earned an enviable reputation on account of his fair and impartial rulings and the soundnes his judgments, many important cases hav- ing been tried in his court. But few appeals were ever taken from hi- decisions, and as long as he held the office litigants were per- fectly satisfied to have their matters ad- 37o COMl'E.XDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. '. by him, and generally the wisdom of his decis - upheld. itically Mr. Sechrist li:i-~ always artil- iated with the Democratic party. 11< his first presidential ballot f< >r James Bu- chanan and since that time has seldom mi"-, n. although he i- by no active party worker. He charter member of Bremen Lodge, l. O. O. F., and with his wife belongs t.. the Chris- tian church. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Sechrist of five sons and three daughters, whose name- are a- follows: e, Flp, Martlia. Mary. David, Catherine. Ella, Elmer, Frank and Saman- tha. of whom Elmer and Frank are twins. \- a man ami citizen Mr. Sechrisl . esteemed in his township and few oc- cupj a- conspicuous a place in the confii of the public, lie i- a man of the p and a representative of the best type of American citizenship. Me refuses down li\- any adverse circumstance and. tak- ing an optimistic view of life, ha- made his presence felt fi r good wherever his lot has been cast. He has always Keen interested in every enterprise for the genera] welfare of the community and liberally support- every vement calculated t" benefit hi- fellow men all ng the line of moral reform. Couit- cous and kind to all. broad-minded in his view- "i men and affair-, and firm in his com •mpliment worthily l>e- Stowed t. speak of Solomon Sechrist a- an honorable and upright Christian gentleman. WILLIAM 11. BUTTERBAUGH. This well-known live-stock breeder and farmer 1- a native of Lake township. 1\ lisko county, Indiana, i- a -on of |< din and Sarah (Montel) Butter baugh, former' Ohio, and was born April 18, [851. His paternal gi nd father was a nativi Germany, was the first of hi- family t<> come to America, and on reaching this country located in Pennsylvania, whence, -ome year- later, he removed to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he passed the remainder of his iife in the honorable pursuit of agriculture. He left a family of four children, namely: ge A.. Susan, Samuel and John. n Butterbaugh was reared "ii hi- fa- ther'- farm in • >hio until he had attained a suitable age for entering upon an apprentice- ship at blacksmithing, in the meantime se- curing a g 1 common-school education. About [842 he came to Indiana and entered one hundred and sixty acre- 1 f wooded land in Kosciusko cOunty and forty acres in Wa- bash county, and on the Kosciusko end of his place erected a dwelling, and eventually cleared up a large part of hi- land ami de- veloped a tine farm. The Montel family came l<> Lake town- ship on the 18th of April. 1S44. The head of the family. John Montel. had a son and .1 daughter. The latter, named Sarah, he- came the wife of John Butterbaugh, and to this union have been born eight children, all of whom are now deceased, save two. William 11. and Mahlon L.. the latter of whom is married t.> Laura Buzzard and re- sides in Manchester. Indiana. William II. Butterbaugh was reared on the farm "ii which he still resides ami ac- quired a very good education in the country schools of the neighborhood. March 6, [884, he married Mi-- Viola Dirck, daughti Henry and Mar) 1 Lehr 1 Dirck, and born in ( thio November 18, 1867, her people hav- ime i" Kosciusko county, Indian RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM BUTTERBAUGH WILLIAM BUTTERBAUGH FAMILY GROUP COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 37i 1869. They settled in Seward township and were among the mi >st respected farming people of this section of the county. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Butterbaugh has been blessed with two children, viz: Hazel E., born January 8, 1888, and Xellie M., born October 24, 1S90. Both of the little girls have received instruction in music and are to be given thorough public-school edu- cation. Mrs. Butterbaugh is to her husband a helpmate in the truest sense of the word and by her wise counsel and encouragement has done much to assist in the establishment of their beautiful home. After marriage Mr. Butterbaugh rented the home place and cultivated it until De- cember, 1888, when he purchased it and en- gaged in breeding choice live stock, for which he has acquired a splendid reputation. The farm comprises two hundred acres and that part not reserved for grazing is under a fine state of cultivation. The improve- ments are complete and substantial and all things about the place indicate thrift, indus- try and general prosperity, the property be- ing now estimated as worth fifteen thousand dollars. In politics Mr. Butterbaugh is a Repub- lican, and he has several times represented his township in county conventions. Mrs. Butterbaugh is a member of the German Baptist church. Mr. Butterbaugh is very public spirited, is in favor of the best schools and teachers the township can afford to sup- port, and is also an advocate of public im- provements generally, to the expenses of which he contributes his full share finan- cially. Mr. and Mrs. Butterbaugh have al- ways been useful members of the communitv in which they live, and are greatly respected by their numerous personal friends as well as by the public at large. The following extract in relation to the cieath of John Butterbaugh will be of un- doubted interest to the reader : John Butterbaugh, whose home was near Rose Hill, near the Wabash county line, died on Wednes- day, April 3, 1895, at the remarkable age of ninety- years. He was a pioneer of that section, and one oi the most highly respected men in his locality. He was universally esteemed by all who knew him. He was a kind and indulgent father, an affectionate hus- band and a kind friend. The poor and needy were always graciously remembered by this worthy man. His daily life was as an open volume to the people. His transactions in a business sense were of the most pronounced type of honesty. The world is bette r for the lives of such people. His remains were interred in the Frantz cemetery, Pleasant township, Wabash county. WILLIAM H. BOWMAN. The biographies of enterprising men, es- pecially of good men, are instructive as guides and incentives to others. The ex- amples they furnish of patient purpose and steadfast integrity strongly illustrate what it is in the power of each to accomplish. Some men belong to no exclusive class in life; apparently insurmountable obstacles have in many instances awakened their dor- mant faculties and served as a stimulus to carry them to ultimate renown. The in- stances of success in the face of adverse fate would seem almost to justify the con- clusion that self-reliance, with a half chance, can accomplish any reasonable object. The gentleman whose life history is herewith outlined is a man who has lived to g 1 purpose and achieved a much greater degree 1 >f success than falls to the lot of the average individual. By a straightforward ami com- mendable course he has made his way to a 372 counzxniru of biography respectable position in the business world, winning the hearty admiration of the people of his county and earning a reputation as an enterprising, progressive man of affairs which the public has not been slow t< nize and appreciate. Uaac B( uinan. grandfather of the sub- ject, was a native of England and was Quaker. He married there and shortly afterward brought his wife t" the United States, settling in Stark county, < )hi". After the death of his companion lie went hack to his native land and married her sister, later returning to Stark county, where he en- ijed in the pursuit <>i agriculture. He spent the remainder of his life in that coun- ty, reared a family of five children and died a number of years ago, honored and re- spected by all who knew him: his children's names are Thomas, Richard, William. Jane and Anne. The third son, William, was the father . i the subject of this sketch. 1 le was reared on the home farm in Stark county and when a young man t< >■ «k up the trade of a mill- wright, in which he acquired meat efficiency. 1 le f. id. wed his trade fi ir a number of y» in connection with the manufacture of lum- ber, meeting with good success in l«>th cations and acquiring at one time a fortune estimated at fifty thousand dollars. Being liberal man and easily influenced by the im tunities of others, he was induced t<> go urit) i"r a number of parties, several whom proved unfaithful t. their written E him to pa\ in. ney. In this way lie lost much of his wealth, but in no wise dis rouraged, he rallied from the disaster to some extent and subse- quently accumulated a comfortable compe- tence. Mr. Bowman erected a saw-mill and afterward a grist-mill at ( )r\ ille Wayne county. Ohio, which he operated with success and profit and later built i ne of the largest flouring-miUs in that county, which d for mam years a monument ti > his ability as a mechanic and skillful machinist. In the fall of [856 he disposed of his inter- ests in ( )hio and moved to Kosciusko count) . Indiana, locating at Etna Green, where he built a saw -mill. 'Phis was one of the best mills in this part of the state and during the eighteen succeeding yeais Mr. Bowman operated it with such success as I greatly retrieve the fortune which he had formerly lost. IK- was a man of enterprise, fruitful in e.\|>edieiits and rarely failed in any of his undertakings. He became the possessor ■ I a tine property in this county and for \< was one of tlu- recognized Republican lead- ers in bis township, having been a prominent local politician, but never an office seeker • r aspirant for public distinction. He cast his tirst vote for lien. William Henry Han g as the.. Id Whig party lasted was one of its most earnest supporters. When tiie Republican party came into existence be a' once espoused its principles and lias con- tinued an ardent advocate of the same as to the present time. William I low man is a sincere Christian d has demonstrated by his works the sin- cerity ( f his religious profession. He be- longs to what is known as the Christian or Disciple church and while living in Ohio built at his own expense a. beautiful house of worship in the t. wn of < >rville. lie re- 1 eated this commendable act at Etna Green. After coming to K< seiusk.. c unty. he e liberally of his means 1, - and be- ent enterprises and man) poor p< have had reason to call d. wn heaven's 1 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 37J ings upon him for his generous help in their tunes of need. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic brotherho< <1, having been identified with the order for man}- years. He has lived a long- and useful life and now in his declining years can look hack over i career unmarred by anything calculated to cast discredit upon his name, while the fu- ture has nothing which he need fear. Will- iam Bowman has been twice married, his first wife dying at the age of about fifty- five years. Subsequently he took a second companion who is deceased, after thirteen years of married life. He is the father of eight children by his first wife: Helen. Emily, William H.. Charles E., James. Alice. Ida and Eva. He is now eighty-five years of age and a resident of Kosciusko county. William H. Bowman, whose name serves as the caption of this article, was born in Portage county. Ohio, on the 12th day of August, 1S45. He grew up an in- creasing helpfulness to his parents and spent a number of years in the public schools, ac- quiring a fair knowledge of the branches constituting the curriculum. That which was much more important than book learn- ing was the real essence of self reliance with which he early became imbued; this, with a course of laborious thought which he has never ceased and a practical acquaintance with business in its varied forms, the ability U make the best of circumstances and to create opportunities where they do not exist, constitute an education of much more worth and farther reaching in its effects than the intellectual training be received while under the direction of instructors in the county schools. When about fourteen years old Mr. Bow- man began firing in his father's mill and in this and various other capacities was em- ployed 1 when the ominous signs of the great impending struggle between the it irthern anil southern states became apparent. Young Bowman watched with intense inter- est the trend of events during that exciting period and when the war finally broke out was one of the first young men of his town- ship to tender his services to the country. On the 1st day of June, 1862. at the age of sixteen years, he enlisted in the Fifteenth Indiana Battery and shortly thereafter took part in the action near Harper's Ferry- where he was made a prisoner. After being- held by the enemy a little over one day he was paroled, after which he was sent to Chi- cago where he remained until the following October, when, with a number of others, he was taken to Indianapolis and exchanged. Mr. Bowman's next military experience was the pursuit of the rebel General' Morgan, whom he assisted to capture, after which he proceeded with his command to Tennessee and other states, taking part in some of the most celebrated campaigns of the war and participating in twenty-eight engagements, the one at Nashville being his last battle of note. After forcing the rebel General Hood to retreat to South Columbia the 'battery to which the subject belonged was transferred to the Twenty-fifth Army Cor] is, and went via Washington t. > Golds- boro. North Carolina, where it joined the army under General Sherman. They were here when the welcome news came of the surrender of General Lee. and also, five five days later when the sad tidings was received of the assassination of Presi- dent Lincoln. He served his country faithfully for a period of three years and one month and at the close of the Strug- 274 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAI'IIY . gle was mustered out at Indianapolis, his discharge bearing date of June 30, 1865. His record as a >< •]< licr is without a Haw and In- career from the time he entered the army until the cessation of hostilities is replete with duty bravely and gallantly performed. Returning home, Mr. Bowman again entered his father's emplo) and continued with him in the lumber business until the year [871. Meantime, in [868, he chose a wile in the person of Mi-- Mary Makin, whose parents came t" tlii- county from Pennsylvania in an early day. Mr-. Bow- man died February 14. [895, and about one later the subject married Mr-. Ilattie C01 k. a union blessed with one child, Daisy, wlin was born on the 9th day ■>!' December 1897. In the year 1S-1 Mr. Bowman engaged in agriculture and has since devoted the greater part of hi- attention to that pursuit. lie ha- "lie of the best ami most highly im- proved farms in Etna township, consisting of "lie hundred and sevent) acre- of fertile land, nearly all under cultivation. His home is a model of neatness and comfort, contain- irerything calculated to make rural life mt and desirable, the dwelling being commodious and well furnished and the other buildings substantia] and in first-class repair, lie could at any time get seventy- five dollars an acre for hi- place, hut has no de-ire t" -ell. being independently situated with a fortune at his command representing twenty thousand dollar-. Mr. Bowman ha- made considerable money by. dealing in live stock, and a- a rai-er of tine cattle, hogs and horses has no superi ir in the count) of Kosciusko. The farm is admirably situated for this branch taining tine pasturage and an abundance of water and other accessories calculated to make stock raising both agree- able and profitable. Since 1889 Mr. Bow- man has n,,t been active in the work of the farm, being in a situation to let others do the work while he manages the place a vith his ether interes Mr. Bowman is one of the leading men of his township ami has always been lirst 1 foremost in all enterprises for its im- provement and prosperity. Public spirited and wide awake, he is by nature a leader of men and to a large extent a moulder of opinion, especially as concerns the vari business enterprises in which he has been en- jjed. He is a Republican in politics and has done effective service for his part;, a member of the comity central commit! which position he filled for several years t., the satisfaction of all concerned. Frater- nally he is a member of Post No. 169, G. A. R., Wigwam No. 16, I. < >. R. M.. belong- ing also t" Council X". 1. of the last-named ler, Lodge X". 303, [. O. 0. F., Encamp- ment No. 15X. I 1 1. ( ) I'., the latter at Bour- bon, and he and hi- wife belong ti I idge X". 50, Rebekahs, auxiliary to the < Kid Fel- lows. He has held a number of prominent official positions in these orders, and has served as a representative to the grand lodge ; I »dd Fellows. Mr. Bowman belongs to nature's arist,,c- racy and is a horn nobleman. He has digni- his every station in life with a charm that has constantly added to his personal worth and has discharged the duties of citi- zenship with the earnestness and loyalty characteristic of the true American. His popularity extends wherever he is known. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 375- his probity is recognized by his fellow man and his sterling character both as a citizen and soldier has won him the lasting regard oi the people of his township and county. WILLIAM E. BAKER. The respect which should always be ac- corded the brave suns of the north who left homes and the peaceful pursuits of civil life to give their services, and their lives if need be, to preserve the integrity of the American Union is certainly due the gentle- man to a brief review of whose life the fol- lowing lines are devoted. He proved his love and loyalty to the government on the long and tiresome marches in all kinds of situations, exposed to summer's withering heat and winter's freezing cold, on the lonely picket line a target for the missile of the un- seen foe, on the tented field and amid the liame ami smoke of battle, where the rattle of the musketry mingled with the terrible concussion of the bursting shell and the deep diapason of the cannon's roar, made up the sublime but awful chorus of death. All honor to the heroes of 1861-5. To them the country is under a debt of gratitude which it cannot pay, and in centuries vet to be poster- ity will commemorate their chivalry in fit- ting eulogy and tell their knightly deeds in Story and in song. To the once large, but now rapidly diminishing, army that fol- lowed "( )ld Glory" on main- bloody fields in the sunny South, crushed the armed hosts of treason and re-established upon a firm and enduring foundation the beloved gov- ernment of our fathers, the subject of this sketch belonged. Like thousands of com- rades equally as brave and patriotic as him- self, he did his duty nobly and well and re- tired from the service with a record un- spotted by a, single unsoldierly act. William E. Baker is a representative of one of the sturdy pioneer families of Mar- shall county, Indiana, but since young man- hood has been a resident of the county of Kosciusko. His paternal ancestors were German people and the family was repre- sented in Pennsylvania at a very early period in the history of that commonwealth. Will- iam E. Baker, the subject's father, was born in that state, but when a boy accompanied his parents to Portage county, Ohio, where he met and married Miss Nancy Clay, whose people were natives of Massachusetts. They settled in Portage county many years ago and their descendants are still living in vari- ous parts of Ohio, Indiana and other states of the middle west. In 1850 William E. Baker and family moved by wagon to Mar- shall county, Indiana, and settled on forty acres of woodland at a place known in local annals as "Bloody Corners." A small log cabin was erected and after much hard and consecutive labor the place was cleared and fitted for tillage. Mr. Baker continued to live at the "Corners" until 1859, when he sold the farm and purchased an eighty-acre ti act further north, in Etna township, Kos- ciusko county, all of which was in. its natural state of primitive wildness when he took possession. Here he again addressed him- self to the laborious task of felling timber and removing stumps, and other hard work required to bring the virgin soil to a state lit for cultivation. Industry and hard toil finally wrought wonders, and in due time the wilderness gave place to well-cultivated fields and a comfortable home occupied the 376 inMi'EXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. t where years before st I the rude v warn of the painted savage. Mr. Baker be- came a successful fanner and a- a man and citizen ranked with the best people of the community in which he lived. He died < I tober 15. [878, but his good wife, who proved a courageous and uncomplaining helpmate, is -u\\ living at a ripe old age. Mr. and Mrs. 1 taker had three children, William I'... of this review, Esther, wife of nuel Hoffer, of Etna township, and El- mer R., who married Mary Ruby and also resides in the township "f Etna. William E. Baker is a native of Portage county, < >hi". and first saw the light of day on the 8th day of November, 1844. I le was seven years 1 1" age when the family came to Indiana and when old enough was pu1 work in tlie woods, where he soon became an experienced axman. His early educational advantages were supplied in the indifferent schools which then obtained and there he only attended a couple of months of the winter season. While still a boy in hi* 'teens, lie developed a strong physique and. being the oldest son, to him fell much of the labor required to clear the farm and I after it- cultivation. It was while thus en- gaged that the country became overshadow- ed by the rapidly approaching war cloud and it was only his immature age that kept him from responding t<> the first call for volunteers. On the 4th daj of August, iNf>_\ when only seventeen years old, he en- listed in Company F, Seventy- fourth Indi- ana Volunteer Infantry, into which he was mustered at Indianapolis, after which the regiment proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky. Mr. Baker first met the enemies of his intry at Perrysville. Kentucky, where a blood v battle was fought in October, t8( The next note was the ter- rible fight at Chickamauga, after which he participated in a number of battles, includ- tmong •■titers. Chickamauga and the various actions in the vicinity of that city. The Seventy-fourth Indiana was in the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourt< Army Corps, that took such a brave and gal- lant part in the Atlanta campaign, and later marched with Sherman t>> the sea. Mr. Baker participated in the nd fall of Atlanta and the several noted bat! ing up t- the reduction of that Confederate stronghold. In addition to taking part in the great march to the Atlantic, he was pres- ent at Savannah when that city surrendered after a sturdy and bloody resistance. From Savannah his command marched thi to the Carolinas, met and routed the enemy at Bentonville, the last battle of the Rebel- lion, ami then proceeded t" Washington City in time to take part in the grand review at the close of the war. Returning to Indi- anapolis. Mr. Baker received his discharge June 9, [865, and immediately thereafter made his way home, where he was joyfully received by his family and many friends. During his long and active service he was ever read) for duty, passed through the many trying scenes of his military experi- uninjured and never spent an hour in the hospital on account of ill-health. Two events in connection with his military ex- periences are indelibly impressed upon his memory, the surrender of General Lee's army and the assassination of President I .incoln. ()n the 28th of December, [865, Mr. Baker was united in man Mis. Ma- riah Hoffer, daughter of \ndrew and Mar- garet (Moore) Hoffer. natives of Pennsvl- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 377 vania. who came to Kosciusko in the early part .if the year in which their (laughter he- came Airs. Baker. After his marriage Air. Baker, in partnership with his brother-in- law, bought a tract of land about a half mile south of where he now lives and on that place he and his wife began housekeeping. He lived there until 1876, when he sold his interest in the farm and purchased his pres- ent home in Etna township. Mr. Baker's place was largely wood- land when he moved to it, but by industry and thrift he has since removed the forest growth, brought the soil to a high state of cultivation and now has a beautiful home well supplied with the comforts and con- veniences of life. He has always heen a hard working man and his present possessions have resulted directly from honest toil and good management. Mr. Baker is a stanch adherent of the Republican party and uncompromising in the advocacy of his opinions. He is an earn- est worker and at every election may lie found at the polls laboring zealously to pro- mote the interests of the cause by rallying the doubtful and striving by strong logical argument to convince some members of the opposition of the error of his political opin- ions. Fraternally he is an enthusiastic Odd Fellow, belonging to Lodge No. 268. He holds membership with Etna Green Lodge, in which he has tilled all the chairs, and in 1879 he was honored by being chosen a rep- resentative to the grand lodge; he has also tilled every important official position in the encampment, of which he is a charter mem- ber. He served for twelve years as financial secretar) of the order in Etna Green and :it the present time is a member of its hoard of trustees. Mr. Baker is a man of str< ng a mic- tions, ever ready to maintain the soundness of his opinions on any subject, hut is by no means unreasonable in his views, accord- ing every man the same rights which he claims for himself. Among his fellow citi- zens of Etna township he is highly regarded and his life has heen singularly free from faults. Brave and daring on the field of battle, he is kind and courteous in the sphere of private citizenship and all who knew him speak in high terms of his many excellent qualities and praise him for his beneficial in- fluence in the community. He is energetic and progressive in all affairs affecting the general good and is destined to be remem- bered as one of Kosciusko county's gallant and patriotic sons and a citizen in whom the people of Etna township will continue to take a goodly degree of pride. CALVIN X. TOHX. One of the wide-awake and enterprising young fanners of Jackson township, Kos- ciusco countw Indiana, and a representative of the township's prosperity, is Cab'in X. John, who was born in Jackson township. Huntington county. Indiana. November 19. 1858. David John, grandfather of Calvin X., was a native of Wales, kingdom of Great Britain, and was a comparatively young man when he came to the United States and hrst located in Pennsylvania; from that state he removed to < >hio and a few years later came to Indiana and lived in Wayne county for a while, thence removing to Huntington county, this state. He was a 37« COMPENDIUM OF BUh.RAl'HY. forkmaker and wagonmaker by trade and his death occurred in Wabash county, this state. I )a\ id M. J( 'lin. 5< >n of I )a\ i. 1821, and lived on a farm until apprenticed t" a nmaker. < )n the 7th of February, la- married Mi-- Susan < Kerhul-ler ilM.rn Augusl -■'>. 1823), which union has resulted in the birth "t eight children, \i/ : Oliver, Jacob W., Sarah Ann. Catherine. Lewis A., David, Thomas and Calvin X. Of the>e children the following facts are noted : < Oliver married Sarah Zeht and they became the parents of the following chil- dren : Edwin i- deceased : Jennie became the wile of Rufus Langsden and the mother of four children; Charles married tiara and by her ha- two children: Ella is the wife of Abraham Landis; Webster is den Jacob W . i- an ex-soldier and ex-county urer of Huntington county, lie has twice married, first t" Amanda Xent ami, second, t" Rohanna Zent. By his first wife he became the father of four children, named as follows: William married Ella Jackson and they have one child. Russell; eased; Frank; Edna married a Mr. Geedy and i- the mother of one child, John. Sarah Ann became the wife of Le Myers and to them were born the following children: Ida. deceased; Calvin, dece Daisy, deceased; Jennie became the wife of Alva Henderson and the) have two children. Ruth and Russell; Clarence married Rosa Mower, deceased, and thev had one child. ■ .1 : Mate married t. "'. Frank. Thomas married Alice Swi- hart and to them were born three children: Edith, deceased; Mabel, the wife 1 f Frank Dunbar: and Lewis. David M. John died en the 26th of March. 1861. Ivin X. John was a -mall boy when In- father died, and his mother was after- ward married t<> Stephen ('. L'lrich. who. when the subject was seven year- ..Id. brought him to Jackson township, K usko county, this tnd settled on a farm, on which young Calvin wa- reared un- til he wa- eighteen and up to that aye at- tended school. He then worked out at farm labor by the daj or month until his mar- December 1. 1S7S. f. Miss Lettie L'l- rich. daughter of Samuel S. and I'luebe I Miller) l'lrich and who had been a school- mate of Mr. John. This marriage ha- been ed by three children, namely: Ethel I'... born January 14. 1NN1. who was grad- uated from the high school in X'orth Man- chester in [899, and i- now teaching in dis- trict No. 5, Jackson town-hip; Minnie 1!.. birn Inly <.. [883, is a graduate from the common schools and i- now in her third year in the high school at X'orth Manches- ter: Albert X., born May 6, [885, a grad- uate of the common schools, is also in his third year in the same high school. Calvin X. John, after hi- main worked for some time for hi- father-in-law and then purchased ami moved upon an eighty-acre farm, to which he has since added forty acres, which he ha- improved in tnd shown himself to l*.- a ca- llable and wide-awake agriculturist. This farm, on which he has continually resided, with the exception of three years since he ed on it. is now considered one of the f it- dimensions in the town-hip. Dur- e interim referred to he had cl of a farm be ' hi- father-in-law. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 379 Mr. John is a stalwart Republican and has several times represented his party in us county conventions. He is a member of the Progressive Brethren church, v hile his wife is a member of the German Baptist church, both of which societies they aid lib- erally in a financial way, and in the work of which both take an active and effective part. Mr. John believes in guarding against the possibility of future ill fortune or calamity. and carries a twelve-hundred-dollar policy in the Union Central Life Insurance Com- pany. He has made hosts of friends in Jackson township and he and family stand very high in the esteem of its social circles as well as in that of the general public. As a matter of undoubted interest in this connection the biographer here inserts the following data concerning the ancestry of Mrs. John : Richard Gordon, the great-grandfather of Mrs. John, was born in 1774 and died December 19, 1S57. He married Miss Anna Garst, who was born August 2, 17S5. and to them were burn the following children: James. John. Andrew, all deceased, Letty ( the grandmother of Airs. John, who mar- ried a Mr. Minnich. later Lewis Miller, and still later Jesse Myers), Katherine 1 Mrs. Leffel I. Mazy 1 Mrs. Keplinger), De- lilah (Mrs. Barrett), Anna (Mrs. Fogle), Frederick (married a Miss Fedds), Giles, Sarah (Mrs. Barratt), Mary (Mrs. Dona- van). David, Richard. William. George and Liza. The latter died at the age of seven- teen years ami excepting her all were mar- ried. Letty Gordon (now deceased) married first a Mr. Minnich and after his death she married Lewis Miller, and still later became the wife .if Jesse Myers. She had no chii- 23 dren by either Mr. Minnich or Mr. Myers, Lew is Miller was a native of Pike township, Clark county, Ohio, and came to this coun- ty September 17. 1847, settling near section 11. To his union with Letty Gordon were burn the following children : Andrew (de- ceased), Rebecca, Giles, Catharine (Mrs. Daniel Mishler, reference to whom is made below), Anna (Mrs. Heckman), Phcebe (who married Samuel S. Clrich and is the mother of Mrs. John). Mazy (deceased), Mary (deceased), Richard (who married Lavina Redeye), Julian (deceased), An- thony (deceased), Sallie (married Lyman \\ ilson Robinson and has one child. Albert I. Gilford (now deceased, married Lou Rob- inson and bad by her two children, Nora and Everett ). Aaron t married a Miss Day ). Of these children, Giles Miller married Lu- cinda Leffel and they had the following children: Jennie (married Henry Ilinkle and they have three children. Grace, > 1© irgie and Meoma), George (married Altie Vance and upon her death was again married), Alice, William (married a Miss Butter- baugh), Mary and a twin, the latter dying in infancy, Charles and Esther. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. John was John S. L'lrich, now deceased, who was twice married, first to Esther Swihart, and, second, to Susan (Swihart) Knoop. By his first marriage he was the father of the fol- lowing children: Samuel S. is mentioned more fully below, Mary (married I!. EC. \\e>t and had one son., Willie, now de- ceased), Jacob (married Frances Baer and became the father of the following children : Sarah, who married Daniel Filer, Charles. Gilford, John Calvin, who married Lillie Moorhart, Reuben. Susan and Gertrude), Aaron, Jonathan 1 married Lydia Wilson 38o COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. and has the f< lh wing children: Carl, ( Ir- ville, Lee, deceased, and Fanny), Esther »ed i. Samuel S., mentioned above, was born September 4. i *.}.}. and died January _• i . [893, < >n the f May. 1857, lie was married to Phoebe er, who was born July 17. 1835, and died July 5, 1897. By this union were born children. Lettie and Albert. Sami Ulrich lived for a year on his father's farm and then, in [858, bought a tract acres in section 15. Jackson township. This was all \\ led land, there being nol a building sit. While clearing this land iie was at the same tin jed i'l ol, which occupation he his health permitted. I le rmed the duties of trustee and later 1. » >k an active pan in the building X". 7 ami the German Baptist church his home. Of the latter society he and his wife were faithful and active members from • 1 their marriage until their d< ( >f them a friem ling once >aid: "1 have known Mr. and Mrs. Ulrich icv fort, nd have fi >und them to he uprig tnd charitable, ever and afflii equently Samuel S. Ulrich 1 eight , which lie sold to C. X. John, ami then bought an tract This tract wned by I ich John and Albert I'.. Ulrich. the last , pro- r in the University B) his marriage with Susan (Swi- hart 1 Knoop Mr. Ulrich was the fat' the following children: Gilford m Mate I-'.. Blue and they have twi i and Frank) and Anna (marriei Harle\ and; three children, Arthur, ■ at ' Herbert). By her former mar- dr. Swihart Mrs. Ulrich was the mother of the following children: I (married Ed Holderman and had children, who married Carrie Lester and has two children. Mar who married \V. II. Howe, Adah. (. married Ri is Mid Her- bert 1 . d), Allan 1 d< Elizabeth (married Thomas Wantz and has the following children: Mamie, who mar- ried Wylie Phillips and has three chil Charles. Gerald and X'oia. Rufus, who mar- ried Blanche \\ inel and has one child. I Xancy. w h. 'married Anson Elliott and child, Burson, Charles, Flon Ri iy, H mond and Mar,. The first • the Mishler family of whom the biographer has any record is I ■ Mishler. lie married Sarah Smith and a brief r< ; their children . 1 1 Mary Ann. who died in married John \V. Miller and they had the following children: Samuel 1'. (married Rachel Heckman and. had five children. Al- bert, who married A' who Miss Id Resin, who mar- Miss < allie, win. married a Miss Burwell), Hannah (deceased). Levi (married Anna Ulrich. daughter of I Ulrich, and they have tl 1 chil- wh. w as the nd 1 if Rett I 1 liram, who mar- rey, dauj X. iah l ■i and Meh in), I liram i mar- Miss RI ised, b) whom he had a d.v the wife of Prof. 1 I'Duddle. and upon her death he mar- Vancy VVertemberg), Vir. n (married Martha Huffman and has two children. Mil- ton and (."oral. Man 1 married I'r COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 38i L'lrich, by whom she had three children, c.ne deceased, Hiram, who married Densey N T agle, and Joe, and upon the death of her first husband married Isaac Ulrich, the son of John J. Ulrich). Lizzie (married [oseph L'lrich, son of Joseph Ulrich, and thev have three children, Ira 1).. deceased, Altie and Anna), fohn E. (married Angeline Westen- berger), Sarah (deceased), Ira (married Lizzie Swartz and they have two children, Dorence and Floyd). (j).Lydia died in (890, (3) Christiana married Jacob Seas and the_\' have the following children : An- drew (deceased), Susan (married Lee Bu- nt). John, Joseph, Jacob, Lulie, Hettie : deceased), Allie (deceased), Katie (mar- 1 Air. Conway). (4) Daniel married Catherine .Miller and they became the par- ents of the following children: Noah (de- ceased), Alary Lettie (deceased), Henry (deceased), Phebe Ann (married Lewis Bayman and by him is the mother of the following children: A child that died in in- ... Maud, deceased, Roy, Lettie. Alfred and Earl), Lewis (married Barbara Arnot and they had the following children : 1 larley, Sarah. Ruth, deceased, and a child deceased m infancy). George 1 married first I'riscilla Parks, by whom he has one child, Amos, and for his second wife married Lizzie Horning), Aaron (married Ella Kyler and has one daughter, Ethel), John (married Sarah Haines and by her has two children, Pearl and Roy, the latter deceased), Liza (deceased), Esta (deceased) and Ira ( married Lillie Circle and by her has the wing children: May. Lee. Blanche, Merdina, a child that died in infancy, and Clem I. (5) John married first Sarah War- ner, who died without issue, and he after- ward married Nancy 1 'riser, by win mi he became the father of the following children: Alary (married Harvey Serber and ha: one child. Martha), Daniel (married Jennie Connel and they have two children, Lloyd and Trude), David (married Sue .Martin). Lydia (married Albert Walters), Henry (married a Aliss Smith, by whom he be- came the father of five children), Anna (married Jacob Karns and thev have chil- dren 1. Jacob (married Piney Nichols and they had one child, now deceased 1. (6) Jacob married Margaret (Peggy) Warner. (7) Adam married for his first wife Cath- arine Cripe. the daughter of Jacob Cripe, and by her had the following children : Alary (deceased), one that died unnamed. Flora (married David Shively), Emma (married Christ Miller). After the death of Ins first wife Adam Mishler married Catharine Ulrich. (8) Solomon and (9) Betsey are deceased. The descendants of Aaron and Anna Heckman are as follows: ( 1 ) Ann Maria married Benjamin B. Stead, now deceased. and the}" became the parents of the follow- ing children: Clarence. Colvin, Arthur. Annie and Lettie. ( 2 ) David Lewis mar- ried Mary — . and they became the parents - of the following children: Emma ( married Edward Brubaker and by him had two children, Otis and Roy), Carrie. Ollie and Pearl. (3) Mary Etta married Thom- as C. Lucas and they had the following children: Efrie, Hope, Nora and Orville. (4) George married Annie — . (5) Rebecca F. became the wife of Henry D. Heistand and they are the parents of these children: Alelvin Harvey ('married Doris Heistand), Albert Roy, Carl Ritt and Frank Mayo. (6) Richard V. married Sarah J. . and the\' became the parents of COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. the following children : St i Maud (mar- ried Abe Xicl laudius May and Guj \. married Man and tin child. Alma Pink. (8) Simon P. married Elvie and they have two children. Ima and Paul, ira M. became the v\ ife of I nd the mi ith< ild, Naoma As a matter of un t lie struct from the 1 • nia I 1 It-raid, ol (01, is here appended. It h the Albert B. Ulrich to the chair in the University of Si uthei fi r: i ■ - win .111 U 1 i P Jenkins, now phj and mai which havi where. Chief among thi much valu in that il In gathering il iklet, Prof< ssor Uli fish. ■ l'lrich has studied . ■ Holl, M i a his time I i turn entered tl 3 truc- lli - four years I - - I ulty. FRANCIS M. SHIPLEY. It ■ meet an er — <"'iic who came here in the commencement when tl ation was quick- est and the mind being formed — and learn from hi> li|>- of the trials which were en- dured for the sake of the happy homes which now dot the county of Kosciusko. Such a man i> the subject of this sketch. All "f his earliest impressions were gained in the w Is of the pioneer period and he The i > i > - were happy. It is singular how < a person can adapt himself to any surround- md derive c< mfort therefrom. And COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 3*3 vet it fails to be at all singular when ac- count is taken of the selfish desire to be comfortable. If we have enough to eat and enough to wear and a little ahead and an outlook for some good books, we can man- age to worry along and derive considerable satisfaction out of life. So the old settler was happy, as every one will emphatically tell yen. So says the subject of this sketch. He was born in Knox county, Ohio, April ii', [839, and is a son of Reuben P. and Margaret (Popham) Shipley. The Ship ley- came from Maryland where the family had settled many years before. Grandfa- ther Shipley was born in Maryland, and iva a tidier in the war of [812. He was • if English descent, and in early manhood married Miss Rebecca Phillips, to this mar- riage fourteen children being born. Reuben P., father of the subject, was the oldest of this family. He grew to maturity in Knox county, Ohio, receiving a limited education in the pioneer schools, and married Miss Popham in 1836 in that county. To their marriage eight children were born, as fol- lows: Francis M., Man I'.. Elias, John \Y.. Slier, nan. Rebecca J.. Worthingtou ami Minerva A. Of these John \\ '.. Sherman and Mar) P. are deceased. Reuben P. moved to Kosciusko county in the year 1844, where the grandfathei Popham had entered a considerable tract of laud from the rnment some five or six years previi us lv. On this land five or six acres were 1 when the Shipleys arrived. The country was very new then, there being wild animals in the w 01 ds and the Indians were still here in abundance, The land was cov ered with dense forests which had in be cleared "IT before crops could he raised. Great-grandfather Popham possessed some striking characteristics. He had come to America as a British soldier during the war of the Revolution, and when the war ended had concluded to remain here. Grandfa- ther Popham had educated himself for the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was a natural orator, and at his death was credited with having married more couples than any other man of his time. He and his buys cleared up the old farm. The Shipleys secured land in this county, and on the farm of his father Francis M. was reared. He was required to learn the busi- ness of farming at an early age and in the winters was sent a considerable distance to the pioneer schools. In [858 he was united in marriage with Miss Isabella Clark and to this marriage four children were born, as fo'lL ws : Charles \\\. born July 30, 1859. married Miss Mary S. Jemison and they now live in Lake township: Ewin E., born March 2. 1861, educated himself well and for many years was a teacher in the com- mon 5chi ols of tlie county; he married Miss Emma Blond and iww resides m Montague county, Texas; Mary A., born December 10. 1863, married J. M. Chambers and lives in Mo county, Texas, her husl being an attorney at law ; William 1'.. born January 5, 1865, wedded Mi-^ Mary J. Mc- ( ,1 ad) . and lives 1 m the farm w ilh In The first wif« of Francis M. Shi having died, he married Mrs. Philena A. Strode mi December (8. [884, and the issue of tins marriage was 1 ne n de- ceased. Mr. Shiple) 1 in active life, lie was tor several ye; eneral lumber agenl for the Singer Manitfacturii ; pain-, and was three years with the Birdsell Manufacturing Company, of Smith Bend. IK is the owner of two hundred and fifty- 3'4 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. four client land and mal iltj of raising ck. 1 le kee] hand thoroughbred ini] > rted French Perch- eron I and ships many cattle of the- liner grades. He is a keen bus man, a fluent talker and a very capable er and financier, lie i- a Democrat, but h; ne wild on the subject of politics, a- too many men have. He 1- ughly n self- made, able from an intellectual stand] and would make an excellent executive of- ficer, wherever such qualities are required. i the fact that Mr. Shipley's great- er was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, hi- descendants are now entitled to membership in that greatest of American the S '1 laughters of the American Revolution. The subject and his both fund i >i travel and - and have just returned from a long trip t' I [i iwever, they are tisfied with the i 'Id 1 1 -ire to <>k \ TUCKER. ere i- a great deal in being horn un- der —one that watches and guards off the nd folly that overtake so main men. ["he father anil the mother that are able to nil' their child) : us — the : any fate and make the mi >sl of the world — will see their children g maturity with excellent habits iilendid principh - e them hi exemplary citizen this brief notice was fortunate in having and clean a father and so sweet a mother. lught from the -tart the duti< nary instruction, hut the I er duties which all owe t iety. The result ha- him nd it- i" ilities and to tit him for upright and citizen-hip. lie wa- horn in Franklin town- ship, this county, March •;. and >s consequently very young in citizenship. He upon his father's immense > and from his earliest years the sight of of cattle, sheep, hogs and hors daily occurrence. Youthful experiences and accordingly ti- nt' the farm thus taught to him from infancy found a secure lodgment in his understand- \. • young man could have a equipment for the duties of the farm than he >und jui in- father and there were tin herds and immense fie] grain. In addition to all this he wa- given a g cation and in every way tilted lture life upon the farm. Atiol 1 a splendid womai re his and thus equipp gan tiie I life on his own account. Their marriage occurred ' Mr- I ucker was lw>rr. 'rvil .and Mary (Turner) Sarher. She v farm in Mar-hall county. Indiana, and was well educated in her maidenhood. In March. i couple moved upon farm jj. Franklin where lie i- just beginning the tn-'. I le i- broad and i minded, and is t Republican in p COMPEXPICM OF BIOGRAPHY. Both he and his good wife are prepared for life, with all its beauty and its responsi- bilities. SIDNEY T. MOORE. Among- the tanner? and representative men of Etna township. Kosciusko county, deserving of especial mention is the well- known and highly esteemed gentleman whose name initiates this article. Air. Moore's ancestral history is traceable to Ireland. His grandfather, John Moore, was born in Dublin. Ireland, in 1762. He emi- grated to the United States in 1780, settling in Franklin county. Pennsylvania, and there. in 1788, was married to Jane McCurdy. To this union were born ten children, three oys and seven girls, all of whom grew to mature years. In .1831 John Moore moved to Ohio and settled in Summit county, where his death occurred in 1842, at the age of eighty years. John Moore, the subject'? fa- ther, was also a native of the Emerald Isle and in his youth came with his parents to the L'nited Slate-, settling in Summit coun- ty. Oiiio, where he subsequently met Miss Elizabeth White, who in due time became his wife. The Whites were among the early settler? of the above c amty and appear to have been substantial and well-to-do people. ('■rand father Zeabth White was born in tge county, Ohio, November is. 1700. lie was married in February. [823, to Sarah Rodenbaugh, a union which was blessed bj the birth of four children, one son and three daughters, lie went to California in 1841) and lo?t his life there by an accident in a mine. He was a quiet, unassuming man. was a go d citizen and was well liked by all who knew him. For several years after his marriage John Moore followed agricultural pursuits in the county of Summit, but later. about 1864, migrated to Indiana and lo- cated m Marshal] county, where be spent the remainder of bis days as an humble, in- dustrious husbandman, dying a- a g od old age. Seven children constituted tbe family of John ami Elizabeth 1 White 1 Moore, namely: James. Sarah. Nelson, Sidney, Jane, Ida and William. The birth of Sidney T. Moore occurred in Summit county, Ohio, on the 19th day of March. 1849. From hi- youth be be- came accustomed to the manifold duties of the farm, and of winter seasons he attended the district schools until he obtained a good practical education, the best, in fact, that the times and circumstances could afford. Un- til his twenty-first year he remained on the home farm, assisting his parents and prov- ing a valuable assistant in running the place and contributing to the support of his parents and the brothers and sisters younger than himself. On attaining his majority he began farming for himself, though ?ti!l making his home under the parental roof, and it was not until his marriage, at the age <>f twenty-nine, that he severed the ties that bound him to the family circle. Mr. Moore's marriage was solemnized with Mi-- Eliza J. Munch, whose parents were natives of Obi" and among the first perma- nent settlers within the present limit- of Franklin township. Subsequently they moved to Marshall o unty, where tbe youth- ful years of Mr?. M ore were -pent and in ommon scl I- of which she received a fair English educatii >n. During the six ing his mar- riage Mr. Moore cultivated his father'- place CUMPIiXnil'M OF BIOGRAPHY. as a renter, but in [885 moved from Mar- shall county to a forty-acre farm in Etna township, which was purchased a time prior to his taking p From that time to the present he has mack many valuable improvements, 1» fitting the land for ti" 1 1 he now "\\n- the best and most hif tivated farm- 1 f its size in tl 1 ip, it comprising one hundred and 1 He ■ e up* n his fields and by tudying the adaptability of t! ■ has brought his place tip pacity, ■ failii abundant returns for the to his chosen calling. Mr. M ted in n lied the actii 'it 1 f ned, having -till some time nent in the matter kiv >\\ letlg lit him tch, and thus fully ■ duty in a manner that won Tippi iip. Mai inty. Mr. church, oi which denomin and wife heen membei number lie 1 lier of 01 est and must impi rtant cl: at the present tin , ler in tin n to which the family he; Mr. Moore is a man of quiet, manly demeanor, highlj esteemed b) his bors and fellow citizens of the com- munity, and • • occupies a more con- spicui lis place in the minds and hearts of the people by whom he is known. His pri- haracter is above criticism and he has always aimed to keep his name and reputa- tted. His has been an earnest life, fraught with much that tends to benefit h\< kind and his career in the humble sphere of private citizenship has added to the char- acter and stability of the community in which he li en children have bless of Sidne; i Louisa Moore, namely: in, Ervii r. John, \". »ra. Laura and Sanford. DAVID MILLER. The subject tch, wh ■ I* the leading farmei meii . and fi f fifty-f maintain* nt farm in I ' >f his family history the biographi a : ;iK of .\ I which ■ ■ oun- ty, Pennsylva ' the Warm maternally, were nty, that horn in the formi ty and in young manhood went to Montgomery county. ibout the ■ ih Warner, who with her ted thither fi RESIDENCE OF DAVID MILLER COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 387 state. When Samuel Miller arrived in Ohio he was a well-nigh penniless young man. but, endowed with a generous supply of what the world calls pluck, he was not long in getting a good start, going in debt for a small piece of land which he improved and in tine time disposed of at a liberal figure. With the proceeds he purchased a farm, of one hundred and sixty acres, partly im- proved, anil continued to reside Upon the same until 1X48. the land meanwhile in- creasing greatly in value with the growch and development of the country. Imbued with the belief that northern Indiana of j'ered better opportunities for agriculture than his adopted -tate. and learning that land in any of a halt-dozen counties could be obtained at reasonable prices. Mr. Miller, in the spring <>t" 1848, disposed of bis farm in Ohio, and. moving to the county of Kos ciusko, Indiana, purchased two hundred and forty acres in Jackson township, the greater part of the place being as nature had made it. This land he cleared and improved and later bought a three-hundred-and-twenty- acre tract, having realized sufficient money from the sali of his I Ihio farm to pay cash 1 of land thus far purchased in •unty, w ith a go >dly balance left. lie was a man of great energy and industry and in time became cue of the mosl : - farmers of Jackson town one of its most enterprising and highh respected citizens. With his own hands be cleared and titled for cultivation seventy-five E land, besides making many valuable improvements on his place in the w; building fence-, brii .inn ti a slate iif tillage unsurpassed bj that of am- other place in the township of Jackson, lie was •ne 1 if the original member- of the German Baptist church in the township and remained faithful to it> teachings until summoned from the church militant to the church triumphant. His was a useful life, fraught with great good to humanity, and his death, which occurred in the year 1855. was greatly deplored in the community. His wife, also an earnest and pious communicant of the same religious body to which he belonged, and a woman of sterling worth, survived until 1882, when she too was called to the other life. Of the twelve children burn to Samuel and Elizabeth Miller, but three are living at the present time, namely: Aaron, David and Margaret. Aaron married Rebekah Miller and is now a retired farmer, living in Colorad >; Margaret, the wife of Henry Ci Ipetzer, lives in this township, where her husband is engaged in agricultural pursuits. The following are the name of the deceased member- of the family: John, Susan, Henry, Man*. Catherine. Sarah. Elizabeth. Anna and Samuel. David Miller, born May 27. 1841, in Montgomery county. Ohio, was seven years old when his parent- mi \ ed ti 1 the new home in Indiana. Reared mi the home farm. where since 1S48 his life has 1 it, his early exp'. like those of the majority mntry lads, were a round of honesl toil. devoid of any striking incident. With strong arms and ready will, be lx>re hi- part in clearing the place and ■ easons ded tin- district school nut far from his home, obtaining 1>\ close application, the best education which the means at band af- ed. After his father'- death he tinned to live at home and when twenty- one years of age took charge of the farm, to which he brought a bride in [866 in the per- 'PEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Rebekah Frantz, dauj Christian : Mary (Heckman) Frantz. Hi> marriage, which ruary 8, of the above year, has been bl< with five children, the following of whom arc living: KIIi>. born June _\ 1868, mar- ried Anna M - in Wabash . Minerva, who was bom July [3, 1873. 1- the wife of Perry Heeter, of J: iwnship; Mary E., born Au- gust 1 j. 1879. lives at home, as Laura, who first saw the light of day on the 1 ~ 1 1 1 day of June, 1882. As already stated. .Mr. Miller took charge of the homestead on attaining his majority and since that time the place sion. As a tanner he has lew superiors, and his In une i- conceded to l>e one of the best and desirable in a township where 1 ■■ tul and . ire the rule. In e building which hi« father had and which served the family many y< by the present hand- some nmodious two-story hrick edi- !pv thin conta ted at . of ovi y-five hundred dollars. In the built :i ' n, which with 1 in 1883, entail- I iter he ]>ut u| splendid ham which now E e farm, a buildi six by forty feet in w ith basement - and all 1 me of tl ' and most tures of the kind in the I ship For a number of years past, in addil il fanning. Mr. Mi ntion to ck, in the E man. scarcely twenty- bought and sold horses, maki money, and today it is doubtful if th< better judge of horseflesh or a more judi- s buyer in this part of Indiana. YYI dealing quite extensively in horsi - considerable attention to and sheep, making a specialty of the tiner breeds, from the sale of which he \ year a large part of hi- income. In the management of his farm Mr. Mi ere • care and believing th culture, when compared with other voca- tions, i> one of the truly dignifie useful callings, takes great pride in his work and spares no pains t>. make his pi tractive. to the eye. B) reason of a - illness in 1895, which left his bodily considerably weakened, he now managing larger portion of his kind and confining his attention to his Mock inti gen- ht of the farm. lly Mr. Miller votes the Re] lican ticket, bul intt upon which I it parth ar, he h connect) I iptist church and at th enl time is a trustee of shiping in Jackson townshi] meml the family ah this church and at - communicants. O much cannot be said of Mr. M r and citizen. X< ■ than he in public esteem: all who know him him for his enter] - far as known, his COMPENDIUM OP BIOGRAPHY. 389 integrity has been maintained inviolate and no one has ever called in question his good name. A good man. always striving by word and deed to make the world better, and by his wholesome moral influences exerting a silent hut potent power in the community — such has been and is the reputation of David Miller. ALLEN BYBEE. Previous to the Civil war it was a com- mon occurrence to meet in the North fam- ilies which had formerly lived in the South and had owned slaves. Upon questioning them it was discovered in almost all in- stances that they had left the South to get away from the influence of the institution of slavery. It was thought that the influ- ence of slavery upon children would he bad, and so hundreds of families left the slave states for the free states, where their chil- dren could be free from the contaminating effects. That was the reason which influ- enced the ancestors of the subject of this sketch to leave the South and settle in the North. About four generations ago Sher- rod Bybee left England, his native country, and emigrated to America, settling in Flu- vanna county. Virginia, it being said, also, that two of his brothers settled there with him. He married there a lady of excellent familj and to them were horn four children : John. William, Elizabeth ami Sherrod, Jr. John was reared upon his father's planta- tion and the little negroes were hi- daily companions. lie was given excellent ad- vantages and received a good education and upon reaching manho, d married Mi>- Cath erine Green, by whom he had fifteen chil- dren: Joseph, Washington, George, Pleas- ant, Millie. Catherine, John, Nathan, Sam- uel, James, Maria, Rebecca, Wesley and two others. John, the father, while he was a slaveholder, hecame convinced as to the wrong of that institution, whereupon he liberated all he had and started for the free states. He came with his family by wagon to Fayette county, Ohio, m [823, ami there purchased a tract of land and began to clear the same. He was a man of excellent qual- ities, and had served in the war of 181 2. He had previously had considerable experi- ence in dealing in live stock and in trading generally, and he thereupon began to buy large herds of hogs and horses and drive them across the country to the markets of the East. His judgment was excellent and he soon became wealthy. He went into the packing business and put down immense quantities of pork in barrels and shipped the same down the rivers to New ( hdeans. He lost one large cargo thus sent down, which caused him to curtail his enterprise in the field. Connected with this enterprise, he be- came involved in a duel with his commis- sion man and the death of the latter had much to do with his stopping that branch of his trade. After thai event he took what he had left and came to Indiana, locating in Franklin township, this county, in [838. He entered a quarter-section in section 7. and began to clear off the timber and till the soil. There he lived until his death, in r868, at the age of seventy-five years. Washington Bybee grew up on his father's farm in Fayette county, Ohio, and reo a limited school education, hut full experi- ence in the rearing and shipment of a- the method- then existed, lie married 39° iPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. in thai state, and. with the assistance of his father, ?, r "t a start and bought a farm. In company with his uncle, he e and mar- k in the Eastern markets, particu- larly in Richmond. Virginia. By the time he was re; ndiana lie had ac- cumulated about hundred dollar-. a sum sufficient him an excellent start in thi- state. He arrived here in 1N41 and bought a ' land and went t" work elop it. He traded and trafficked and ■mi. and later after the country had e .it of it- first wildness. He bj honor- able bably thirty thousand cl um and a implishment for that day. He was a man of hig perfect ii ted by all who knew him. His promim ! rec- "iit i (lnri: 11 that di him. Mien, his son. fil His 1, \llen. Mary, Allen. M ight the pet]. . ■ inan- 1 le met and married M \ 1 .ram. a disl I S Grant, ai ii in all it- fury. True to tl stinct- "i* his ancestry against slavery, he was in full sympathy with the efforts of Mr. Lincoln u> crush the Rebellion, and slavery at the same time if necessan to save the Union. He and his brother Levi enl mpany 1 ty-fourth Indiana In- fantry, were mustered in at Fort \Vayn< to the field at once. They wen the Army of the Cumberland and -aw active and bloody service from that time forward. They fought at Perryville, Chickamauga 1 where Levi gave up hi- life f«.r hi- country in the thickest of the bal Chatt ssion Ridgi I . • k"iit Mountain, all the battles of the Atlanta cam- for one hundred and five days, tl with Sherman in his famous march to the They then marched up through the Caroli rhting in nun and pitched b all of which tin icquitted himself with di-; gallantry, thence at the the war Washington, where, in sight of the the army ami th< ment, the rand parade wa- held, down Pel uniforms that with b'ulli w ith flaunting ttered by tin mn-!. He passed through the war u I an I h month. At tl »umed farming and -i..ck ra irticularl latter, and continued the same with _ \ Inch time hi e. H is R59 n rried Eunice in Ment. 'lie: Mary, born in \ \ Lattimer, a hardware mer- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 39i chant, and is deceased; Cora, who is an artist, born in (866, married Lorin D. Alan- waring, who is president of the Farmers' Hank 1 if Menti me: Addison L., born in 1875, married Bessie Wertenberger and lives in Franklin township; one that died in in- fancy. In [893 Mr. Bybee's wife died, and he married Mrs. Martha Herendeen, daugh- ter nt Thomas Ball. Mr. Bybee now owns four hundred and sixty-five acres of land and is in excellent financial condition. He is assistant cashier in the Farmers' Bank and owns a block of its stock. He is a stanch Republican and has ever been one ot the strongest factors for advancement in the county. He is a splendid example of the clean and reputable American citizen. Mrs. Bybee is vice-president and treasurer of the Willing Workers society of the Methodist Episcopal church and is an active and ef- ficient worker. In her youth she received a g 1 education and prior to her marriage was a teacher in the public schools of Kosci- usko county. Two events in the military career of Mr. Bybee are inerfaceably fixed upon his memory, the surrender of the rebel army under ( General Lee, April 9, [865, and the assassination of President Lincoln, rive day- later. At that time the subject was at Hully Springs, about twelve miles from Raleigh, North Carolina. WILLIAM ISENBARGER. One great exemplification of the fact that wealth attends upon industry and that comfort is a close follower in the wake of thrift i- shown in the life career of the Stfb- ject 1 if thi> -ketch. William l-enharger. son of John and. Susan (Shaffer) tsenbarger, was born in Clark county, Ohio. October 25, 1845, an '' 1 is of Virginia descent, his grandfather. Henry tsenbarger, having emigrated from the 1)1,1 Dominion t<> the Buckeye state in [833, and made settlement in Clark coun- ty. Henry Isenharger was a poor farmer, and his children had early to aid in the sup- port of the family, and of these children there were six, viz: John, Jacob, George, Samuel, Lydia and Sarah. John tsenbarger early went out to work- in order to earn something to aid in the sup- port of the family and when he had reached his majority found himself nearly destitute even of clothing. When twenty-one years old, however, he began to hoard his money. and when he had accumulated two hundred and forty dollars in gold and silver coin he started on foot from ("lark count), Ohio. for Jay county. Indiana, whence he went to Fort Wayne in order to enter land in 1838. While on the road the weight of his cash began to fatigue him. and he handed it over to a stranger on horseback to /carry for him. People in those days, it will he seen, could trust each other. Arrived at Fort Wayne, he entered one hundred and sixty acres in Indiana, hut continued to live on rented land in Clark county. Ohio, until 1841, when he married Susanna Shaffer. He continued to iive < 'it rented land until [850, when he came in a wagi in fn >m Clark o unity. Ohii 1. ti 1 1\< «- ciusko county, Indiana, and was a week on the journey, arriving about midsummer, and was thus favored with propitious weather on his trip through the dense forests. His farm comprised eighty acres half a mile west of Rose Hill, to which he later added until he owned one hundred and four acre-. 392 COMPESDIL'M OF BiOGR.l Ti Mr. [senbarger's marriage to Sus laffer, his lir-t wife, there were l*'rn children, viz : Amanda, wife of Aaron Arnold, of Elkhart county; William, the subject "i this sketch who married Elizabeth Kemper and is a resident of Lake mip, Kosciusko county; Malinda, who died when tin • i ild : three i thci - in infancy. Mr-. Susanna [senbarger died March 5. [864, and Mr. [senbarger mar- ried Mr-. Catherine Shoemaker, who died August i_\ [886. His own death occurred February 21, 1890, he being deeply mourned by his family, and a- a pioneer and i by all his i friends, and far. To the second m there were born -i\ children, namely: Noah, J Samuel 1 1 1 and Waity. William [senbarger, the subject pn of this sketch, secured a good common- lucation and "ii the home farm until twei Id. then ul by the month awhile and ward rented a farm. He ma- ptem- Miss Mary Ulrich, en R. and Mary (Swihart) Ulrich and born August 9, [852. This union has with three children, Charles, who was born October -■;. finished hi- commoi - ;i mi and then attended Mam il term- I K married Mi-- I cord, a native of Kosciusko countv, and i- now secretary of a lumb ny in Palouse Valley, state of Washing ie. l«>rn August I''. 187 from tin- common schools in 1891, 1. and 1- now attendii _ State Normal rn April 1;,. 1887, • lied in 1 1 \t hi- marriage Mr. [senbarger had nothing but his housi furniture, enty-five dollars in money and a team. Mr.. er, howe I ah' >nt > een hundred Ilars and tin- Mr. Isenb ;ted in one hundn ■ • f w ild improved it with a house and barn and other 1 and necessary buildings and devel- oped "i)e of the best farms ,,f its Lake ti w nship, which i- now hon Mr. [senbai ical partis Inn ha- strong Democratic proclivities. Since 1N71 he and hi- family 1 members of the live branch < f the German Baptist church. the) conscientiously f the main- ■ f which they liberally contribute from their mean-. The famih g the well nd useful of Lake township ami their 1 e here iny years has identified them with it- pi which has indeed 1 marvelous within th< entury. \M< )S THEI d>< (RE MOLLENHOUR. The farmer i- not the only 1 • immunity. 1 Ii- ; e, important, but so is that of the mil- ler, because people must eat. although it would he far cheaper if they did not have t<> d^ so The miller ha- been -nice the first settlement, and at firs mills were run by water power and ii. •line. When -team came into use the the same, but deal quick 1 \ continued time passed, down t" the present day. It COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 393 used to lie said of the old saw-mills thai were run by water power and were what were called up-and-down mills, that they went up one day and down the next, but this was a slander on the famous old mills of our grandfathers. The mill of the subject, ii is scarcely necessary to add, is somewhat swifter than the old ones. And the times are swifter and the people are swifter, hut we probably do not enjoy ourselves any bet- ter than our grandparents did. Am< is T. Mollenhour was born in Frank- lin township, Kosciusko county, January u. 1863, and is yet a comparatively young man. His parents were William and Eliz- abeth (Harpman) Mollenhour. The father was a native of < )hio and came to this coun- ty after he was married. The Harpmans were natives of the Keystone state, and came to Hancock county, Ohio, at an early day. Both families unwed from Ohio to Franklin township, this county, and there the parents of subject were married. To this marriage eight sons were born: John, who was born in 1848 and married Miss Melcina Dore- meyer. lived in Sevastopol, but is now de- ceased; Isaac, born in 1N50. married Miss Anna Delena and lives in Mentone, where he is the head sawyer for Eli Tumbull; Will- iam 11.. born in 1852, married Miss Maggie Blue and resides in Missouri; Minor 1., born :ii (854, : - unmarried and lives in Ohio; Edward C. born in [856, married Miss Anna 1! Ely and lives in Mentone; Lyman L., born in E858, married Mary Morgan and resides in Harrismi township; Amos T.. born in [863; Hiram A., horn in [865, mar- ried Miss Nettie Thompson and resides in Franklin township. William Mollenhour was a farmer and a millwright, owned a grist-mill and a saw-mill and made a com- fortable fortune. He was prominent in the community where he resides and at his death, in about 1865, he left a name above reproach. Amos T. Mollenhour was reared in Franklin township, and learned the milling business of his father. He is the present proprietor of the planing and saw-mill at Mentone, which affords him a comfortable income and is one of the most important in- dustries of that busy town. He had asso- ciated with him until recently a Mr. Moon, but in August, 1901. he bought his partner's interest and i> now the sole owner of the property. Mr. Mollenhour received in his youth a limited education, but this he has since largely remedied. In March. [885, he wedded Mi^s Mary A. Rawlston, the daughter of Riley Rawlston. and by her has six children: Delhert C, horn in Decem- ber, 1887; Artie, deceased; Delcie died in infancy; Lodema, horn in [892; William K., born in October, 1894, and a boy that died unnamed at the age of two weeks. In politics Mr. Mollenhour is a Republican and of late years has taken a lively part in loc tl and state politics. He served as councilman for one term and during that time import- ant improvements were made in the streets, sidewalks, etc. He has represented his party in county conventions several times and was mice elected constable of Franklin township, but he being the only Republican elected on the ticket he did not qualify for the office He and his wife are members of the Baptist church of Mentone. while fraternally he he long-- to Camp No. 63 11, Ah idem \V< » idmen of America, at Mentone. He is a clean and reliable business man, has 'lie highest re- 394 li'MI'EXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. spect of all who know him and in all his busim . the principles of the Xazarene. GE< IRGE MICHAELS. Th< grandfather sketch was a nath mam. When a young man he came to Amer in I \-\u\- ind ther and father of s ,-ere born. They were farme and upright moved from IV lia to m the \ i _•. the •untry n. At that time illy a w • and and v in the Revi ilution on I Mr. Mich ind in the inty and began t' the timber. More than once when the. there the) were in imminent peril from id f< r protection retreated into the deep woi ids and hid until t r was They were not "iily pioneers, lint frontiersmen as well, and were on the front i't the advani "i civilization which steadily drove back the Indian-. Wild ani- mals, such a- hears, deer, wolves, foxes, pan- were frequently met with, and no as encountered from some of them, particularly in the nighttin i MichaeN. with the assistance of hi- family. I farm and there he passed the m John, the I t, was horn in the k' ami when a small hoy came with his father •hio. and was there brought up in the g the Indians and the animals. He became unite a hunter, hut the ;t i in the farm in felling imps and tilling th< amoi at dotted the ; Hi- education was hardly worthy of refer- the little he had beii ; the . with it chimney, its clapboard roof and . eon , were In [832 Michaels the hand of royer in marriag I, and To this marri n thirteen childi John. Lydia A. ( the subji . Julia A., Peter, Elizabeth, Rachel. N'oah. Amanda. Cornelia and S eighl res in 1 and improved the there un- ivhen he - and came to Kos- ciusko county and bought Sydney, Jackson township, where h< sided until his death, in 1875; his widow survived him until 1900. Thej w< eirs and most excellent people. Michae orn ( tool* 1837, in Carroll county. Ohio, ami was I 0,1 a farm in that -tate. from an 1 ecoming accustomed to hard work. He received a meager education, hut enough to enable him to transact the ordinary dut In [861 he was united in man with Miss Anna W'hitmer. a native of < >hio, who 1 I him with one child. I )a\ id 1 [., bom in 1 864. The latter married and re- 11 Jackson township, hi- wife being RESIDENCE OF GEORGE MICHAELS COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 395 deceased. Mr. Michaels took for hir sec- ond wife Miss Lavina Speglemyer and one child was born to this marriage, Delta M.. who died when nine months old. On April ■J- 1870. Mr. Michaels married his third wife, Mrs. Martha J. (Wells) Keesey. the widow of Benjamin F. Keesey. Xo issue requited from this marriage. Mrs. Mich- aels had by her first husband five children: Florence J.. Harriet, Mary A., deceased. William A., deceased, and Fftie J. On Jan- uary 13, 1889, Mr. Michaels' moved on his present place, which was known as the old Wells farm, and since coming here has built a house, barn, outbuildings, and has cleared twenty acres. In his early life he worked very hard, but the last few years he has taken life easier. He is engaged in raising fine stock, particularly horses, besides the general operations of the farm. He is a Republican and has been supervisor for thir- teen years and also served as constable of Jackson township. He has represented the township in county conventions many times, and is a leading politician. He and his wife are members of the United Brethren church, of which he has been stew- ard and trustee. JAMES II. BLUE. This gentleman is a representative' of another of the families that came here when this part of the country was a howling wil- derness filled with wild animals and with roving bands of Indians. The subject of this memoir, when he was a boy, played with the little Indians many times, ami before their removal became familiar with their 24 games and methods of hunting. The family came here in the year 1835, and it is said were the first white people to locate per- manently in Franklin township. When they first came they had nothing but the wild tract of land, and at first were obliged to live in a small Indian hut. This answered the purpose until a substantial log cabin could be built. It was typical of the times, built of round logs, with a huge fireplace in one end. with puncheon floors and clapboard roof, set down in the midst of a little clear- ing in the dense woods. With this rude be- ginning in this county and with these wild and primitive surroundings, the Blues be- came Hoosiers in the correct meaning of the term and their cabin was a veritable "Hoos- ier's Xest." James H. Blue was born in Fayette coun- ty, < Ihio, November id. 1830. and is the child of Benjamin and Margaret (Riley) Blue. The Blues were originally from Scot- land, thence went to Holland owing to re- ligious persecution, and finally to America, as the only country where they could con- duct their affairs as they desired. Peter Blue, grandfather of subject, was born in Vir- ginia, and upon attaining manhood married Miss Susan Kelch and emigrated to Jeffersi >n county, Ohio, where the latter owned a farm of over two hundred acres and followed farming as well as coopering, the latter be- ing his trade. To him and wife eleven chil- dren were born, eight sons and three daugh- ters. Benjamin, the ninth child and the t 1- ther of subject, was born in December. [802. While he was yet a lad his father moved to Fayette county, of that state, and there Benjamin was reared to man's estate. He attended the rude subscription schools of his neighborhood and managed to secure a fair 396 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. education in the primary branches, the three K- being the leading studies of that time. summers were spent at hard work <>n the farm. Peter Blue at the time of his death was possessed of a considerable es- tate, consisting mostly of land. This i'. nled some assistance t" his family in get- ting a start in life. Benjamin, upon attain- ing manhood, sought the hand of Miss Mar- Riley in marriage and in 1823 their wedding occurred in Fayette county. Sub- ject was unable at this time to buy land, and rdingly for twelve years he rented tracts and farmed same and managed to get a little ahead. But it was uphill bus best, and he thereupon determined rther west nd «;h cheaper and wliere his small savings would go as far. a- possible toward buying a farm, lie made the tri]> to Indiana in 1834, traveling on horseback the most of the distance "tit and hack, and while there learned that he could greatly Letter his condition. In the fall <i"iieer life in earnest. Mr. Blue . a man of great force of character and pro- digious energy, and he anil his family went work in dead earnc- rve a home from the wild-. Wild and savage animals were often seen in the surrounding woods, and deer occasionally came into the clear- steal t' ;rs. There plenty t. do for all members of the family. There was at all times the big tree> to fell. tp and burn, the brush to get rid of. the stumps !•• dig out or burn out. the crop- to >ow and reap among the stumps anil l»ru>h which came up again and again to annoy the settler. The boys were not permitted to be- come lonesome for want of work. And when they did occasionally have a frolic. such tntest, or a husking match, or a hunt of the neighborhood, — one of the circular sort. wh< £ cat many men would surround a large section of the forest and then slowly approach a common center, shooting all the animals that tried to break through the line. — they did not fail to enjoy then - - well as some of the youths of the present day do. The old set- leclare to a man that they had better tlrm do the youth of today. From tiie sportsman's standpoint they certainly ■ lid. hut perhaps not from the standpoint of the dress party. Ere long the family moved better and more commodious cabin than tiie 1 Id Indian hi 1 was ahin in those days, and when a si got able to build a double hewi ouse he is having made a mar- >us advance. It was customary for settlers, w' ,\ one appeared, her in from many miles around and him in raising his log cabin. All the ■ t in. cut down the 1 - COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 397 about the proper size, cut them into suitable lengths, roll or haul them with oxen to the site of the proposed structure, where ax-men would notch them, whip off the bark and another gang would then hoist them to their places on the walls. Subject's father, and even himself, often participated in these "raisings." The father became familiar with all the best tracts of land in this vi- cinity by showing new settlers the desirable tracts as they came on for purposes of in- vestigation. To Benjamin and wife the fol- lowing children were born : Two that died in infancy; William, who married Miss Temperance Meredith ; Sarah, who wedded John VanTreese; Peter, who married Miss Minerva Milburn, and has been married once since; James H. James 11. Blue was educated in the old iog schoolhouse, with its greased paper win- dows and its puncheon floor. He applied himself diligently to his studies and was ed- ucated better than the average boy of that period. He remained hard at work on his father's farm until he attained his majority. In October, 1852, he went to Ohio where lie found employment on a farm in tilling 1 ' soil, chopping wood and splitting rails. While thus engaged he became acquainted with Miss Phcebe, daughter of Elijah and Nancy Bloomer, and on July in August 6, 1855, he was united in marriage with Miss Minerva Milburn, a sister of Austin Milluirn. One child was born to this union. Elizabeth M.. who he- came the wife of William Moltenhi ur, and died January 19, [899. Mr. Blue's first wife died Mas _■<>. 1857, ami after a time he ed Elizabeth Gmbbs, who bore him seven children, as follows: William F., born September _'.}. i860, died in 1873; Austin horn in February, [863, married Mi-- Sarber and lives in Franklin township; Alonzo, lxirn in May. 1865, wedded Miss Ollie Mollenhour and resides in Franklin township; Benjamin, bom 1868, married Mis- Amanda Whetstone and lives 111 Franklin township: lames \\. married Miss Ida Brewer and lives in Harrison township; John, who married Miss Pearl Rouch, lives with his father; Etta became the wi Edward Halterman and lives in Athens. Fulton county. The subject's last wife died September jo, [893, since which time he ha- resided with his son John. When was first married he owned one hundred and twenty acres, all in the w Is. an«l of this he cleared before he was married about twenty acres. He added to this farm from time to time until he at one time owned a total of four hundred anil twenty acres. He lias been a hard worker, and is so yet, despite his age He i- a I >■ crat ami has filled several local |>osit ons COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 399 much to his own credit and to the satisfac- tion of his neighbors. He is widely known and has the respect and confidence of a large circle of friends. His long and busy life is rapidly drawing to a close, but when he finally passes over the river it will be with the knowledge that his life has been well and honorably spent. G. \Y. WORLEY. George W. Worley, county superintend- ent of schools of Kosciusko county, Indi- ana, and now residing in the city of War- saw, is a native of the Buckeye state and w as born in Ashland county, December 19. 1855. but has lived in Kosciusko county. Indiana, since his tenth year, his parents. Elisha R. and Mary J. Worley. having come to the county in 1S05. The father for six years was engaged in the drug business at Silver Lake and then settled on a farm in Lake township, where his wife died in 1884. and where he still lives, at the age of seventy- five rears. He is a Republican in politics and a Lutheran in religion and aided in founding the First Lutheran society at Sil- ver Lake and financially in erecting the church edifice. The children born to Elisha R. and Mary J. Worley are two in number, namely: Dora, wife of Benjamin F. Van Cam]), of Warsaw, and G. W.. whose name opens this biographical memoir. George W. Worley was educated funda- mentally in the common schools at Silver Lake, hut was so well instructed that he was able at the youthful age of sixteen years to enter upon the vocation of teacher. I lis first school was known as No. _'. of Seward township, and his pupils were nearly all older than himself. But he proved to he fully adequate for the position, and his great success led him to decide upon teaching- as his future pursuit in life. Many of his earlier pupils have also become teachers or members of other professions, some of them being quite prominent in their various call- ings. Mr. Worley 's plan as an instructor was to mingle freely with his pupils and thus become familiar with their individual dis- positions and win their confidence, a plan that proved to he fraught with satisfactory results and which he still adheres to. Dur- ing vacations Mr. Worley attended the North Indiana Normal Institute at Val- paraiso and resumed teaching when the summer season had passed. With the exception of six years when engaged in the manufacture of brick and tile at Silver Lake. Mr. Worley has taught school con- tinuously. For three years he was principal of the school at Brookston, White county, but the remainder of the time has been de- voted to the schools of Kosciusko county. six years of this time as principal at Silver Lake. He has always taken much interest in the educational work of the county and attends all teachers' meetings and -, iciety gatherings. In December. 1895, Mr. Worley was elected count)- superintendent of schools and assumed the duties of the position at once. succeeding Prof. E. J. McAlpine, who died in office. Since entering upon his official duties Mr. Worley has been an enthusiastic friend of high schools and within the pasl seven years has encouraged their organiza- tion, six of which have been organized un- der his instrumentality, making fourteen in all. five being township high schools at Os- 4 IPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Beaver Dam. Claypool and Burket, all other- being joint or mixed high and common. Any county pupil may now secure a high-school train- fullv prepared to enter collej The attendance at the high scb in- one hundred per cent. There are hundred and sixty-six country .-ch- in the county, in which are two hundred and \ h' Jin about twenty-five per cent, have had normal training. An in- eld each fall i- counted a- a part of . and a lead i iciation holds a if two day- at each Thank-- ng vacation. About ninety-five per cent. of 1 attend both. The abandon- ment "f small and better work in tral schools. \\ it' ter preparation for high scl now the prevailii j Prof. < '>. W. Worley was united in mar- Middletown, Was •"it county, Pennsylvania, to Mis- Anna . who had 1 i if hi- pupils Kosciusko county and had finished her edu- tion in the Washington (Pennsylvania) minary. Of the three children born to this marriage Beryl i- now nine years old, I.ucv and one child died in infancy. Fraternally Prof. Worlej is a membei Masonic brotherhood, is an < Md Fellow. a Knight of Pythias, a Red Man and a mem- ber of the Tribe of Hen Hur. II' the chair- in the* >d(l subordinate lodge, has -at in the grand lodge an. I • member of the grand encampment. In p tics he i- activ» Republican and has sen ed e t.> various conventi of hi- party, while socially he and his wife stam edh a- favoi MRS. ALLIE JONES. It i- a fact that the women of the farm- immunity are hardh ever given any credit fur the sacrifices and lalx>rs incident l«i their li > erv often tl material benefit to their husbands or surpass them in industry anil i they are generallj iked when tl - are entered on the daily ledger of ' munity. As a matter of fact, it is true that the most of men ascribe t" their wive- the greati in accumulating a home and in rearing a family. Most people forget that "the hand that rocks the cradle i- the hand that rules the world." man ; i .it mother. X' i man should ■ look the part taken in ' i ss b) the wife of hi- w ith him through the trial- of getting start the world and should he the of his triumph- a- well a- hi- sorrows. But some men arrogate to then of the glon and attempt to belittli borne by woman in our civilization. How- ever, these men are few and far bel and should he. < live y< iur wi credit and let the sunshine into their lives and you will he repaid a thousand fold. Mrs. Mlie Jones is the daughter of Will- iam and Saloma i Wint< nier, and was horn in Harrison township, Kos- ciusko county, Indiana, April i~. \> ? Gochenouer family are descended old \ imily and ai ither was Inirn in Virginia and t\\ ice married. Mr-. Jones child of the second marriage. Her father pioneer of Harrison township, this county, and his second man here. ■ tii to the second mar- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 401 riage. as follows: Benjamin, who married Miss Alice Hartman and is a veterinary sur- geon at Warsaw; George and John, twins, of whom George married Jennie Haines and lives in Seward township and John mar- ried Junia Longfellow and resides on the old farm in Harrison township: Eliza and Elza, twins, of whom the former married Minor Lynn and lives in Wayne township, and the latter is deceased ; Dora, who became the wife of Hiram Sarber, is now a widow and resides in Warsaw : Allie. subject. Lhe lat- ter was reared on her father's farm and taught the duties of the household. She at- tended, the country schools and advanced far enough in her studies to secure a certificate for teaching, and accordingly taught four terms in Harrison. Wayne and Seward townships. On August 22, 1885, s ' le wed- ded Hollis L. Doran, the son of Nelson and Elizabeth (Blue) Doran. Her husband had graduated in 1885 from the Danville Busi- ness College, and taught bookkeeping and algebra in two of the county normals. Later he owned a drv goods store and a hardware store in Silver Lake, and was thus engaged at the time of hi- death, in 1900. One child was born to this union. Roy, born in Febru- ary. 1887, who i- well educated and lives with his mother. In [895 subject married Samuel Jones, who was horn in Knox coun- ty, nhi.,. November -'• 1841. Air. Jones came here when a hoy and worked by the month, and was first married t" Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Warren. 1 1 is first wife died in November, 181)4. Mr. Jones was a prosperous fanner and accumulated con- siderable property before hi- death. He w is a member of the L'nited Brethren church, in which faith he died, and was an active mem- ber, being at times -teward and chorister. etc. He was highly respected for his many e: cellent qualities. Mr. Jones was a soldier during the Civil war, having enlisted June 4, [862, in the Eighty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and after a faithful ser- vice received an honorable discharge at Lamp Chase. Mrs. Jones' half brother, Henry Baughman, who now lives on the place with subject, was also a private in the Federal army during the Rebellion and served three years in an Indiana regiment. To her second marriage one child was horn to Mrs. Jones. — Ruth, born May id. 1896. .Mrs. Jones is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church of Burket. She is highly respected by a large circle of friends for her estimable qualities of mind and heart. SMITH HIGGINS. One of the families which came from Kentucky in the early settlement of this state, to find a home where slavery was not recognized, was that represented by the sub- ject of this memoir. The grandfather of subject was a prominent slave holder of the Blue Grass state, and there the father of subject was partly reared. When he was .1 boy his father gave up slavery and came into the woods of Indiana to find a free home, in order that his growing children should not he raised under the blighting ef- fects of that southern institution, slavery. They entered land where subject now re- sides, a tract of one hundred and twenty acres, which was partially covered with dense timber. In all this vicinity at that time there were splendid tracts awaiting the farmer at the usu rnment price and 402 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. •ii afterward came in very fast, family came through in wagons, sought their land, camped in the wagon and under the trees while a nule 1« >g house was built, and began to clear off the heavy growth that covered the land as with a huge blanket. The father cleared off in his lifetime about fifty acres. He had few opportunities for securing an education, but managed I cure a fair schooling at the "hi lug sub- scription schools. lie was an intel and thrifty husbandman and t< •< 'k much pride in his farm ami in his stuck, lie was a member of the Methodist Epis church and an active worker in church cir- nd was a liberal supporter of all worthy enterprises and mo> ements. Tiie subject of this sketch. Smith Hog- gins, is the s, ,n of Joseph G. and Sarah LiggillS, and was ln-rn in Sew- ard township, this county, January 7. 1855. lie is one of four children lxirn to his par- follows: Smith, subject; Thomas, who wedded and lives in Seward township: Myrtle, deceased; Mercy, who died when a young girl. The subject of this memoir was reared < >n his father's place and was 1 education in the common branches and passed the examination and was given a certificate t" teach scho this county. He finished his education in the Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, attending that excellent institution fi year. He then began to teach and I in all nine months, givil E faction, as his methods were excellent and modern. In early manhood he was joined in marriage with Miss Henrietta K. Mc- Millen, who was a native of Lima. Ohio, her father being a resident of Valparaiso, Indi- ana, where the young couple met and the subject was attending there. Their marriage was celebrated February jo. [879, and to them three children have been born, as follows: Lyman G., born March 3, [880, at home with his parents: lied, horn in iSS_\ lives at home: Thomas R.. l>orn August <). 1885, lives at home. Upon his marriage Mr. 1 liggins moved upon the farm of his father, anil has followed farming ever since, upon the death of his father, in 1879, taking charge of the oil place. His mother died when he was small hoy. Mr. Higgins i~ a Republican and much interested in his party's sue though he does not himself take an active part in politics. He and his wife are m< hers of the Church of God, and he is one the elders and trustees of that church. He makes a specialty of small fruit grow - _■. and raises immense quantities of straw- berries, blackberries, etc. He sells to com- mission houses, and his product 1 all portions of the United States. He is thor- oughly posted in the growing of the small fruits, is well known and highly respected. Mr. II as in hi- possession an old parchment deed executed under the admin- istration of 1 'resident Martin Van Buren, and which is a valuable relic in the Hig- home. M >HN M. LLI >YI> There i- a great difference between the business ideas of fifty 50 and t' •he present time. In former times there was a little or no co-operation among busi- -s men. The partnerships v ere small and the business was confined to lines wholly different from those of this day. The tan- csp^n 7 it— JlM jJU Jf jAvycL COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 403 ner was independent, and many men started small tanneries, as it was found that the times required that the large number of furs in the country should he used up in some fashion. So here and there through the woods little tanneries were started and there the early settlers secured their suppli leather. They either took their skins there to be dressed on share- or for so much money, and then journeymen shoemakers came through in the fall and the spring of each year to make the shoes of the family fn 'in the leather which they had obtained from their nearest tanner. The father of subject was a tanner by trade, but his period ran into the next one. and he therefore gave up that business and engaged in farming. The subject of this memoir was born in Fayette county. Ohio. June 17. 1840. and is the son of Amor and Roseann \Y. (Tully) Lloyd. The former was born in 181 2. and died in 1857. at the age of forty-five years. while the latter was born in 181 3 and died in - • ". at the age of seventy-four years. The Lloyds were of Scotch descent and the Tully family lived in Ross county. Ohio. The fa- ther of subject in early life learned the trade of tanner, and subject also learned it. but as it was distasteful to him he gave it up lie- fore he really started in it and took up farm- ing, following the latter pursuit down to the present time. The parents met and were married in Ohio, and to them were born the ving five children: John M.. subject: Permelia, who became the wife of Isaac Vincent and is now deceased: Cordelia, who reside- in Ohio and is unmarried: Melissa. who wedded Joseph Watts and lives in 111 i— Isabella, who is unmarried and lives with her sister Cordelia in Ohio. Amor Lloyd worked at the tanner's trade until 1853. when he gave it up and bought a farm and began tilling the soil. In 1857 he his farm in Ohio and went to Missouri, where he bought two hundred and twenty- two acres and then returned ti 1 Ohio, but ere he could do anything farther he was stricken down by death, passing away November 25. [857. He was a man of excellent parts and principles and his early death was a great blow to his stricken family. He was a prominent Whig in his time, and just before his death was just as prominently ass* iciated with the new- Republican party. He served as justice of the peace for several years in Franklin township. Fayette county, Ohio. and served as postmaster of Otterbine for several years. At the same time he was obliged to carry the mail between Otterbine and Bloomingsburg once each week, mak- ing the trip of three and a half miles horseback. In many ways he made himself useful in the busy world. John M. Lloyd, the subject proper, be- gan to learn the tanner's trade, but as has been stated, changed to farming. He was ■ thirteen years old when he went upon the farm and was about seventeen when his father passed away. Being the eldest child. the cares of his mother and his sisters were thrown largely upon his shoulders, but he did not spare himself and soon had the af- fair- left by his father in good shape. He remained at home until he was of age then started out to do for himself. One of the first things he did. and it was very much to his credit, was to selecl _ wife and marry her. He chose Mi-- Mary C. daugh- Elijah and Nancy 1 Hopkins) Bloom- er, who was hirn August 9. 1845. in Ohio and was reared on a farm, and hence was rifted ( -- -' her husband instead of l>eing 404 COM PES ni I'M OF BIOGRAPHY. a burdi his time and efl rts iklren were horn, as follov Arvada, born October i. 1866, became the wife of James Alexander and lives in Frank- lin township: Dessie M., who was born N vember 8, i86g, is unmarried and at home and is a member of the Baptist church at Mentone; Eva. born Februar) 19. 1872, v tt ife "i "k and died April _ . born September _'.■;. 1875; Mace, born Sej io, 1885. Tin - good com- nd arc an honor to thei -. The family came from Ohio lo this count) in 1868 and bought the farm "ii which Mr. Lloyd now lives, formerly pari nil. I [ere he has since I in the task of tilling the stubborn soil. In 1882 he erected his fine ! »rick house. He makes a specialty • ir the market and by his ex- makes ni' 1st of his monej . In politics he is a Republican, and has never voted anything but the straighl ticket. The ily i- well known and highl) respected. Mr. Lloyd • 1 mosl rmers of the o untv. TIH >M \S CL \KK HOLD (WAY. way. present tru of Wayne township, Kosciusko county, In- diana, with his residence near the citj nf Warsaw, was born on a farm in Mar-hall county, Indiana. August _>.;. 1851. Hi 1 l.e\ 1 and Harriet ( Mather 1 I : who were bom, reared and mart' Stark county, Ohio, and came to Indiana ir three years 1 1 r i < 1 r to the birth of their son, the subject proper of this -ketch. The parent- lived on the Marshall county farm until about 1882, when they remov< I'.uren county, Michigan, and they now have a plea-ant home in the great fruit In that -tate. Thomas Clark 1 lolloway w Id homestead, and whih iltivation of the home place learned in addition the carpenter'- trade End take contracts for buildings. In [883 he came to Wayne township, Kosciusko coun- ty. Indiana, and purchased a farm two miles northwest of Warsaw, and engaged i: tracting in conjunction with his fan as a builder employing three or four a ants. Having been a lifelong Re] and a very popular advocate of die prini of and a hard worker for the party, it cen- tered it- \otc- upon him and him township trustee in November, 1900, an office he ha- tilled impartially ami faithfully to the present time. Wayne township has eleven school buildings, all hrick. and an- other now in the course of construction. Mr. 1 lolloway'- policy i- to pay the It. salaries to the teacher- and to keep tin instructor- employed a- long a- | March 16, 1878, Mr. Hi joined in marriage in Warsaw wit 1 '. Jennie Robinson, a school teacher in \\ township and the daughter of Stew, and Ma> ner 1 Robinsi >n, who came from ( >hio and : 1 of Warsaw. Mrs. Holloway was educated in iwnsbipof Wayne and the city of War- saw and at the age of seventeen began ti Jit in Marshall and Kosciusko counties until m. nd since then has il term- in Kosciusko county only. Two child; 1 the union of Mr. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 405 and Mrs. Holloway, namely: Floren 1\.. seventeen years of age, a graduate from the common schools and now a student in the high school : Harry M., a little boy of eight ; Mrs. Holloway is a member of the United Brethren church at Zion, near her home. Stewart Robinson and Margaret Conner were both natives of Ireland. Mr. Stewart was born in Dublin, was a first cousin 'if A. T. Stewart, deceased, formerly the dry- g< ods prince of New York city, of marble palace tame, and with him. or near him, was reared as a boy. Mr. Robinson left his h'.me when twenty-one years "Id and in [849 arrived in New York city, where he learned shoemaking. He then made a trip through the south, located in Cincinnati. ( )hio, and was there married in 185 1. In f863 the family came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, ami settled in Clay township, five miles south of Warsaw, where Mr. Robin- son bought and cleared up a farm, on which he died at fifty-one years of age, his widow surviving him eleven years. Besides having been a common-school teacher. Mrs. Holloway has been and still is an ardent. Sunday school worker in the Zion United Brethren church. She and her husband both take an unusual interest in educational affairs, their respective voca- tions having brought them into close touch with the public schools. As a builder Mr. Holloway has won merited commendation from the public and as a .business man his reputation is pure and unsullied and his trustworthiness as a township official i- im- plicity relied upon by all citizens, regard Y-- of creeds in politics, while as members of the social fabric he and wife hold rela- tionship with the best people of the cit) if Warsaw and the township of Wayne. Their lives of usefulness have exerted a moral in- fluence that permeates all classes, high ami low. EMAXUEL H. HOHMAX. If a list could be made of the original homes of the old settlers of this portion of Indiana, it would be found that a very large number of them came to this state from Pennsylvania. Their ancestors would be found to have settled in the Keystone state both before and after the Revolution, and would be found, also, to have come orig- inally from the German empire. Thousands of our best citizens are of this descent and Mood. The German people are noted the world over for their thrift, honesty and in- dustry, and for that reason the United States iiave always welcomed them to our sin •re-. The) undoubtedly constitute our best pop- ulation. The subject of this sketch was born in Schuylkill county. Pennsylvania, October 28, 1862. and is the son of George and Lesetta L. (Sellers) Hohman. George, the father, was born in Germany and when a lad of thirteen years was placed upon hi- own resources. The laws of that country required that the youngest son should sup- port his mother, if necessary. As the law- was imperative, and as this was not required in the case of subject'- father, the family planned to -end the boy out of the country so as to escape the unnecessary measures of the law. Accordingl} he was placed in a flour barrel, and was thus turned over to an uncle of his mother'-, a sea captain, and in this manner he wa- smuggled out of the country. The barrels passed the govern- ment inspector, who so changed them that . i OMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. eft standing on his head. This eved, much to his personal com- fort. After the inspection was over the cap- tain released the boy and tix.k care <>t" liitn until he was landed in America, after many days of tossing on the ocean. Upon disem- barking he made his way to Pennsylvania and there soon found employment in a butchi >p. which business he learned. His employer was a huckster in the butcher line and the boy was at first required to run the wagon. During his boyh 1 in Ger- many he was thrown among peopli many different nationalities, and thus learned to -peak and understand seven dif- ferent languages. This was quite a valu- able accomplishment, and made his services much more valuable to his employers. He remained in the Keystone state, working at various kinds of employment, and upon reaching maturity was united in marriage with Miss Lesetta L. Sellers. After his marriage he resided in that state for four- teen years, and during that time he made considerable money, which \ 1 for future investment. At the end of the four- teen years he came to Indiana and settled on tiie hanks of Yellow (.'reek lake where he purchased a tract of forty acre- of wholly unimproved land, ami later bought forty more. When he came here he hail four hundred dollar- only. He had accumu- in Pennsylvania eleven hundred dol- and had placed the same in a hank foi -afe keeping, hut the bank failed and his hard-earned wages were saved for sol i< el-e. lie applied hi- four hundred dollars on his farm in this county, and hi- family had to -nfTer for actual ne • they got through the trial and soon were in comfortable circumstances. While in Pennsylvania he had learned to make hrick. and here he worked at this in connection with farming. Hi- children were as fol- lows: George W.. Rosa, Edwin, Albert, lame.-. Emanuel II.. Emma and Samuel. When Emanuel II. Hohman was eleven sturdy and strong ami was required to take the mold- and make a full hand in the hrick yard of his father. In the winters he had to cut wood and had hut little chance to acquire an education. When he was thirteen year- old hi- father died and he was then taken out of school entirely. Soon after this he wa- placed on In- own re- sources and began to learn the carpenter's trade. < hie day, while on a buildii . and fractured hi- skull, hut a- his constitu- tion was excellent he recovered, though he partially lost hi- hearing. After that epi- sode he worke! at the cabinetmaker's trade, and continued until 1894, when he b his present place and moved upon the same. ( In account of ill health he ha- taken up the idea of conducting a summer resort on the hank- of Yellow Creek lake, one of the most beautiful bodies of water in the state great many people from far and near spend their summer months here in hunting, boat- id fishing. Mr. and Mr-. Hohman were married February _'_•. [886, the latter*s maiden name being Ida J. Dirck. She was ln>rn June _•-. 1864, and ha- presented her tnd with four children, as fol Roy E.. Winnie E., Bertha M. and Cloe R. Mr. Hohman f- a member of the Repub- lican party, hut of late years ha- worki the Prohibition ticket. He and his wife are 11 genial people, -land high in the community for their many good qu and are verv host and hostess ■ i' many who come here for recreation. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 407 Mrs. Holiman is an excellent manager and they have at times as many as forty boarders. BENJAMIN F. BEAR. Some three or four generations ago the ancestors of the subject of this sketch crossed the ocean from Germany, their na- tive country, and sought the shores of the new world. They had heard of the oppor- tunities opening up in this country, and de- siring to benefit themselves and their de- scendants determined to seek new fields and surround themselves with new and better conditions. Accordingly they came over in sailing vessels, landing at New York, and went to Pennsylvania and there found a home. From this family branch in that state all of the name in America, so far as known, originated. They possessed all the thrift usually ascribed to the Germanic race, and ere long were in good financial condi- tion and prosperous to a large degree. The original German spelling of the family name was Behr, but by the later generations has been changed to its present form. Benjamin F. Bear, the subject of this memoir, is the son of Daniel and Mary i Hansen Bear, and was born in Schuylkill county. Pennsylvania, January 24. 1842. He grew up in that state and learned the business of farming, during that time secur- ing a limited education at the neighboring school^. Upon reaching maturity he mar- ried Miss Hauser, the daughter of Jacob Hauser, a prominent German of that coun- ty, and they began the battle of life to- gether. To this marriage ten children were born, all of whom are now deceased except Moses and subject. Their names are as (Al- lows: Percilla. Reuben, John. Daniel, Nathan, Diana, Joseph, Moses, Polly and Benjamin F. Daniel Bear was a prosperous and intelligent farmer and owned a tract of one hundred acres of good land from which he derived sufficient income to support his family and rear them up to healthy and in- dustrious lives. He belonged to and was an elder in the German Reformed church and was a man of influence in the religious thought of the time in that vicinity. He continued to reside upon that farm until his death in 18(12. His widow passed away the following year. They were people of much intelligence and of undoubted respect- ability, earnest workers in the church of Christ, and passed eminently useful and in- dustrious lives. The father was a man whose opinions were sought 011 all the im- portant questions of the neighborhood, and his advice was sound and good. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared upon his fa- ther's farm, where he became familiar with severe work, and during the period of his youth managed to secure a fair education which he has greatly improved by steady leading ever since. He is now well educated in German and English and takes much in- terest in the deep subjects of state policy and learning generally, as all German people do. When he had attained the age of nineteen years he began to do for himself, learning the carpenter's trade, and continued work- ing at the same for three years. In early manhood he met and married Miss Reb< daughter of David and Lydia (Hoppis) I laming, of an excellent German family. About this time he became dissatisfied with the hills and 1 r soil of Pennsylvania and determined to go farther west, and accord- ingly came to Dekalb county, this state, leav 40S COMPEXniUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 'ennsylvania April 8, [862, and requir- ing three days to make the journey. He re- mained in that county until July of the same year, and then determined to continue on until he found something better. This brought him to Kosciusko county, where he in land in Franklin township and re- mained there two years, lie then sold that place and bought the place he now occupies, and here he has continued ever since. When he purchased it the land was wholly unim- proved, hut it is now under a tine state of cultivation, with excellent buildings, etc. He has been a hard worker and for fifteen years was in the berry business, out of which he made considerable money, lie raised as is one thousand bushels of strawberries in a single year, lie is in comfortable cir- cumstances and is enjoying life. To him and his good wife the following children were born : Lewis \._ deceased: F.meline F... who became the « ife 1 ■ !' John R. I Lerald and lives in Indian territory; Amanda I.. wife of Rev. S. 1.. Speck, lives in Seward township; James !■'.. who wedded Miss Mamie Snyder and lives in Burket. The family is well known and highly resp< Mr. Hear is an ardent Republican, although he was reared a Democrat. He is an inde- pendent thinker and could nut stand the pol- icies of the national Democracy. He and his wife are members of the Church ol of which he has been an elder fur forty lie is ..ne 'if the county's leading farmers and citizens. ROBERT F( (REMAN. It will always he a mark of distinction to ha 1 in the Federal army during ■eat Civil war between the states. The old soldier will receive attention no matter where he goes if he will hut make himself known, particularly if he ]>uts mi his faded uniform. And when he passes away, which he will soon do. friends will pay him suitable eulogy for the sacrifices he made forty years ago on the field or in the 1. dreaded hospital. And ever afterward his lescendants will revere his memory and take- pride in recounting hi- - for his coun- try in the hour of peril. The subject of this sketch is one of the old soldiers who went forth to fight to save the union of states. He was born in Union county, Pennsylvania, October 30, 1^44. and is the son of I and Mary (Swartzlander) Foreman. The great-grandfather of subject came from Germany to this country many and settled in Pennsylvania, and there the grandfather and the father were ln.ru. The Swartzlander family also lived in Union county, Pennsylvania. In that state the par- ents of subject were married. Nine chil- dren were l>orn to this marriage, as fol Isaac. Irvin. Robert, Rebecca, Sarah. Sam- uel. Daniel A.. James I". and George A. The mother having died in the sprit 1 So-, the father married for his second wife- Matilda Shaw yer. who bore him three chil- dren: Polly A., Ammond and Foreman, having a large family to support, did not enlist at the Commencement of the Rebellion, and was drafted in < her. 1862, under the conscription act ompany G, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment, and nine month- He was discharged in June. t863, at the expiration of his term of service, and returned to Pennsylvania, where he con- le until 1899, when he \ .'.way. He was an intelligent man. a _ COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 409 citizen, an honest man and an ardent Repub- lican. Ili.> long life was filled with good deeds and the world was better for his hav- ing lived. Robert Foreman was reared on the farm and spent his youth at hard work in clearing up the forests and brush heaps on his father's farm. His education was very meager and he began to do for him- self at an early age. He worked out by the month for ten summers and laid up a con- siderable sum. On September [3, 1864, he enlisted in Company H. One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiment, as a recruit and was sent to his regiment at the front. He saw bloody service in and around Petersburg, Virginia. Hatcher's Run was liis first battle, and he did not show the white feather, though he was in the com- pany of veterans. He acquitted himself with great gallantry and received the com- pliments of his officers. Toward the close of the war he was put on guard duty, but saw active service in the pursuit of the rebel Genera] Lee to Appomattox. He was hon- orably mustered out of the service June 9. [865. lie now draws a pension of eight dollars per month for his sufferings in that dreadful conflict. After the war he returned home and began to work on the farm and continued thus for three years. On Feb- ruary 29, (872, be was united in marriage with Mi^s Mary, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Lowder) Stumpff, the marriage occurring at White Pigeon, Michigan. Mrs. Foreman was born January 31, [848, in Union county, Pennsylvania, and was reared and educated in that state, being edu- cated in the German as well as the English languages. Her parents, who arc now de ceased, were both natives of the Keystone state, though her great-grandfather came from Germany. To this marriage two chil- dren were born: Joseph E., born August 10, [876, who is unmarried, attended school until he was qualified to teach and at this time has taught five terms, his education being finished at the Indianapolis Business College in 1899; Sarah E., born November 28, [878, became the wife of Albert Prem- bley, now deceased, and the mother of two children. William McKinley and Mary Opal. She later married Jacob Hatfeld and they had one child. Clarence. She passed away April 15, 1901. Mr. Foreman is now in comfortable circumstances. He deals exten- sively in stock and has made much money from his good judgment of hogs and cattle. He is a warm Republican and does a great deal to assist his party in the campaigns. He and his wife are members of the Lu- theran church and both are among the most estimable citizens of this portion of the county. GEORGE BRUNER. If you gather apples in the sunshine, or make hay, or hoe corn and then retire within doors and shut your eyes and press them with your band you shall still see apples hanging in the bright light, with boughs and leaves thereto, or the tasseled grass or the corn flags. The impressions lie on the re- tentive organ, though yon know it not. So lies the whole series of natural images with which your life has made you acquainted, in your memory, though you know it not, and a thrill of passion flashes light on their dark chamber and the active power seizes instantly the fit image, as the word of its momentary thought. All of us are wise. 410 COUI'EXPIL'M OF BKn.K.U'IIV The difference between persons is not in wis- dom, but in art. Every intellect is mainly prospective. Its present value is it- It is a little seed. Every truth that you acquire is a lantern which you instantly turn full "ii what facts and thoughts lay already in your mind, and all the mats and rubbish which have littered your literary garret come bright and precious. The family to which this sketch refer- are fully alive to the bright things of this world. They can k beyond the dross and see the gold shin- ning in the world of mind. It has been the fixed policj of the subject t.> give his chil- dren something more than an education se- cured at the common schools. In this age necessary, unless you want your chil- dhoppers all their lives, t" lit for the higher duties which an ad- vanced age will place upon their shoulders. George Bruner is the son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Eberwine) Bruner, and was born in Stark county, Ohio, May 9, 1847. He was 1 rought t" Dekalb county, Indiana. .:1» ut the year 1S54 and there grew up < mi l.i- father's farm. Possessing a tine mind naturally, hut not being blessed with a education, he made up his mind long ee that his children fared better than he did in the si He became acquainted with Mi-- Catherine Lower and in clue time asked her t" become his wife, which she promised to do, and they were accordingly married on February 8, 1874. She was September 23, [854, and received in youth a fair education. To this marriage the following children were born: Jesse, \pril 29, 1 S 7 5 . who is yet unmarried. completed the common-school branches and later attended the normal - full) fitting himself for teaching. i< now the principal of the Burket public schools; Viola, hc.rn September u. 1877, who also fitted f for teaching and attended the m>r- both at Men tone and at Warsaw, is now the wife of William Cook and lives in Seward township; Justin, horn March 24, 1878, wh<> likewise prepared himself for the profession of teaching and attended the nor- mal school at Angola, i> now teaching in this town-hip: Maude, horn April IO, who became the wife of Lewi- Tucker and - i-.i Burket; Gertrude, who died nearly t'ne year-; Charles, born July 8. 1884; Lucile, horn November [3, 1887. Mr. Bruner after his marriage rented land for about eighteen year- before he could get much ahead. He finally bought seventy-six of George Irvin in iNi>_> and there he has since lived. He i- a Republican, and though he does not take an active part in politics yet nevertheless never fails !■■ vote for his party's candidate-. He and hi- j wife are both adherent- of the Methodist Episcopal church, and both are widely known and universally respected. l'licy have a tine family of intellectual children ami take great interest in their success in life. \'o people of the count\ stand higher in the estimation of their n< than do the members of this family. K ) 1 1 X BRUNER. [t is the pride of the »fthiscoun- try that when the I ivil war between the states closed, all the vast arm) of citizen ery quietly laid down their arms and returned to their homes and the art- ••! I: was predicted bj the governments COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 41! of Europe, not only that the country would be divided, but that after the war an enor- mous army would be kept up and a military dictatorship would be established on the Fragments, perhaps in what had been every state. But foreign nations did not under- stand the spirit that animated the breasts of the American people. They themselves st 1 ready to pounce upon the fragments en the smoke of war should roll away. But instead of a disrupted country they be- held a splendid sight. The}" saw the gre u armies melt away, saw a reunited country in which liberty was a fact as well as a name and saw the buys in blue return to their wives, farms and shops. The subject of this sketch was one of those boys in blue, lie was born in Stark county, Ohio, January 3. [842, and is the son of Benjamin and Eliza- beth ( Ebenwine ) Bruner. The father was a native <>f Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and was oi Germanic descent. Subject's grandmother on bis mother's side was born in Germany and came to this country after she was married, crossing the ocean on a sailing vessel and not seeing land tor nine months. These people settled in the Key- Sb ne state and followed the occupation of farming. When the father of subject was a young man he came to Stark county. Ohio. He was reared as a farmer and selected that as bis avocation through life. He had a fair education both in German and in English. Subject's mother also came to Stark county. 1 >hio, when she was a young woman. There the parents met and were married about the year [838. To them were born six chil- dren: Mary became the wife of Samuel Wiltrout and lived in Goshen, but both are now deceased; John, the subject, is the sec- ond in the family; Samuel, who married and 25 resides in Nebraska, was a soldier in the Rebellion and served for the period of about six months; George married Catherine Lower and lives in this township; Benjamin wedded Miss Clemmons and Hves in Ne- braska ; Susanna become the wife of David Huffman and is now deceased. Benjamin Bruner. the father, moved from Ohio to De- kalb count}', Indiana, in 1854, where he bought a farm and lived until 1874, when he purchased a tract of eighty acres in this township on section 2 and there continued to live until his death in [893. His wife pre- ceded him to the grave, dying in iojij. The father was a strong Republican, a good farmer, a useful citizen and an honest man. John Bruner passed bis youth on his fa- ther's farm anil concluded to make that bis occupation through life. At the age of twenty years he enlisted in Company A. Eig-hty-eighth Indiana Infantry, under Capt. E. B. Cutter. After some time • spent in camp of instruction he was sent with his regiment to Louisville, Kentucky, and first saw service at the battle of Perryville. Sub ject suffered greatly from disease and was discharged at Gallatin, Tennessee, and sent home to recuperate. Late in [863 he re- turned to his regiment and participated in the Atlanta campaigns, being present at nearly all of the battles and showing splen- did spirit ami gallantry. He was also in the famous "march to the sea." and also in the campaign of the Carolinas, fighting al- most constantly for man} days. He made an excellent record for bravery and at the conclusion of the war returned to his home. He was mustered out at Louisville, Ken- tucky, July 15, [865. Fortunately be was not even wounded, lb' now draws a pen- sion of fourteen dollars per month. After 4'- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. the war he worked on the farm by the h, and in August, 1868, he wedded Miss Sarah J. Bell, and to them two chil- dren were born; Man R., who became the ard Winters and r< Seward town- i therine, who married Alfred Bartholomew and lives in Elkhart. His first wife died in [874, and he later married Miss Mary J., daughter of Henry and Man (Deeds) Keller. She has borne him five children: Alice J., born April 11. 1S77, became the wife of Archie Franks .and 111 Waterloo, Indiana; David E., born October 8, 1879, resides with his father: Lulu M.. born September 5, 1882, i- unmar- and lives at home; William E., born April 25, [885, lives at home. Mr. Bruner i- a Republican and i- prominent and useful in tlu- councils of his party. Mr. and Mrs. Bruner are members of the Methodist church of Burket, he being at pi if the trustees of the church and par- sonage at Burket. He 1- a member of Kos- ciusko Post, G. \. I\ . at Warsaw, and at mie time was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Waterloo. He is an excellenl specimen of the representative American cit PRI IF. J. W. S\\ ICK. In one "i tl all call- iined distinction, b< f the t \ < • i well educati metricallj developed man. his work educator having brought him prominently t • > th( public, the result of which i- a demand for hi- services where mdard of professional excellence is required. I gentleman of scholarly and studious habits, keeps abreast the in advance; nal methods and leral km is broad and compre- hensive. In connection with teaching, he is engaged in agricultural pun 1 his beautiful farm in Seward township i- one ittractivi 3 d homes in the community. Mr. Swick's ancesl ime t<> the United States from the romantic little coun- try <■!' Switzerland. Hi- paternal grandfa- ther, William Swick. was born in Pennsyl- vania, but early went to < Ihio, where In and married. Mary Shoup, who w; scent. They lived f< "ii a farm in the nd appear to Ijeen fairly successful in their worldly affairs. Thinking to better his condition in the new and fertile region of northern In- diana, whither a number of his fellow citi- had preceded him. William Swick in led hi- household effect- on a 1 drawn by a yoke of oxen, and. driv- ing his live st'>ek ahead, made the journey i" Kosciusko county, consuming over eight days before reaching his destination. He purchased a place in Seward township, near Beaver Dam lake, ami by industry and -lic- it soon become one of the in that part of the country, mfortable competence and I of the most valuable farm- in ril. hut later in life lost ll 1 ing tn unwise advice and befriei e who pi ;.' their <>l>1;„ lew men in the abo\ known ■ espected a- William Swick. ' C0MPEXP1CM OF BIOGRAPHY 4i3 ami gentlemanly in demeanor ami the em- bodiment of hospitality, lie became popular with all win) knew him ami his death was an event greatly deplored in the community. He ami his good wife died on the farm which .Mr. Swick originally purchased ami their memories will always he cherished by their descendants and others who were for- tunate enough to form their acquaintance. To William and Alary Swick were horn eleven children, all of whom are living. It is certainly an unusual if not a remarkable fact tn find so large a family from which death has not claimed at least one victim. It is also worthy of note that the sons and daughters are all well situated in life and stand high in the confidence and esteem of the respective communities in which they live. Among the sons was Henry Swick. who was born and reared in Ohio. He was a young man when the family moved to Kosciusko county and he remained under the parental roof, assisting his lather on the farm until his marriage, which was solem- nized in 1868, with Miss Elizabeth Keller. David Keller, father of Mrs. Swick. was a native of Pennsylvania. When a young man he went to Ohio, where he married Susan Malot, and in 1845 came to Indiana, being among the early settlers of the county of Kosciusko. Mr. and Mrs. Keller experi- enced their full share of the hardships and vicissitudes of pioneer life and have lived to see the country redeemed from its wilder- ness state tn a very garden of beauty and plenty where prosperity abounds and happi- ness and contenl reign supreme. They are now deceased. Besides Mrs. Swick they had five other children, one of whom died in infancy. Henry and Elizabeth Swick's marriage has been blessed with six children, one dy- ing in infancy and four suns and one daugh- ter living. Among the sons is the gentle- man whose name forms the caption of this review. J. VV. Swick was born in Franklin township, Kosciusko county, Indiana. July 18, [869, he being the oldest of the six children constituting his father's family. His early life was spent on the farm and the genial influence of nature in her many various moods had much to do in forming his character and shaping his life. Reared to farm labor, he knew not the meaning 1 E idleness in a practical sense, and, being the oldest sun, upon his shoulders fell main of the duties and responsibilities of running the place and assisting to maintain the family. When old enough he entered the public schools, which he attended of winter sea- sons until completing the prescribed course of study. He was graduated with an hon- orable record in 1887. after which he at- tended several normal terms with the object in view of becoming a teacher. From early boyhood Mr. Swick mani- fested a decided taste for hunks and his studious habits while in school -nun enabled him tu outstep bis classmates. He made rapid progress and, Lilly appreciating the value of scholastic training and the advant- age to be derived from it. he pursued the higher branches of learning with the same zeal that marked his course in the lower de- partments. Added to this was a laudable ambition to make his education subserve a wise purpose from a business poinl oi view; accordingly in [889 he successfully pa the required examination and obtained a license entitling him to teach in thi scl Is of Kosciusko county. Mr. Swick taught his first term that year and has 4' ; MPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY work t" the present time, ith a lai | - and, a the reputation of one "i the pable and popular in- struct nty noted for the high pru- the fall and wintei ■1 room, giving his attention tin mainder "f the year t" his farm, which is every eviden high cultivation and thrift. Mr. Swick has been married twice tiie in 1892 to Mr-. Malinda Summe, n uni m the 3d day of Januarj, and bore her husband a son and a daughter, ling his mother t" the other Id by a little more than one year. In 398 Mr. Swick entered into the man tion with Miss I mine. ,1 nati E md and cousin of hi> former companion. S , "it to try by her parents when tl nd grew n> maturity in K coun- ty, r< n in the com- mon schi 5 nted Iter hns- band one child, a daughter, Fay, •ice adds the brightni the home. Mr. Swick has earned considerable re- pute as a raiser of high grade stock, from of which a liberal income i- de- rived. He is - man and in capacity of teacher and culturist rned a reputation which - him among the enterprising and pro- :itizens of the township of Seward. Hi- home, within less than a mile of the itiful littli 1 t water known as er Dam lake, is a well-known Pet man of pleas .1 in manner and coi i chara him popular with Mr. Sw ick er and thinker, i- well inform* g neral topics and spi in touch with the trend of modern it events, he has well denned opinions upon political, and kindic nor inclinations I permitted him to become an active pari much -.rant for public honors, oting the Democratic ticket mictions, he take- little interest in par' Mr. Sw ick is an he n f< mvard 1 his 5 nscientii farmer and educator and it is with ; that this brief synopsis of his life and tribute to his worth as factor in the affair- of Kosciusko counl en a place in this volun LEVI II. EATON. The people who constitute the bone and sinew of this country are not those who are unstable and unsettled, who fly from this occupation to that, who d<> not know hew in vote until they are told, and who take rtive and intelligent interest in affairs affecting their schools, churches and prop- erty. The backbone of this countn is 1 up of the families which have made their COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 415 homes, who are alive to the best interests of the community in which they reside, who are so honest that it is no trouble for their neighbors to know it. and who attend to their own business and are too busy to at- tend to that of others, who work on steadil) from day to day taking the sunshine with the storm and who rear a tine family to a comfortable home and an honest life. Such people are always welcome in any country and in any community. They are wealth producers and this country is blessed with many of them, among which is that of the subject 1 if this -ketch. • Levi II. Eaton was born in Wayne coun- ty, Indiana. August 1 1. 1843, an, l > s tne son of Caleb and Martha t Hartup) Eaton. The Eaton family are of English descent and came from .Maryland, where they lived as far back as they can he traced in this coun- try. The Hartup family are from Germany originally. Upon reaching early manh 1 Eaton concluded to visit the great west, and accordingly came to Indiana about the year 1837. He there worked out until he was twenty-one years old, and about this time was united in marriage with Miss Martha Hartup. To this marriage thirteen children were born, as follows: Henry, Levi II.. William, James, Miner. Sarah. [thomas, tsaac, John. Alonzo, Elizabeth, .Martha J. and Lewi-. Sarah. Elizabeth and John are deceased. All the others live in this county except Isaac, who 1 Fulton county. Caleb Eaton came Wayne count} to Kosciusko county in [846, when the country was wild and the woods with big tree-- I Ie rented land in this township, near Beaver Dam, and after- ward entered fort} acre- from the govern- ment in Seward township and part of the farm now occupied by John Jones. After living on this farm eight years he sold it and bought eight}' acre- a mile east, where his widow now lives. He died in the spring • '\ 1870. He and his wife for many years were consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and both were people of undoubted respectability and worth. Levi H. was reared in this count}', being only three years of age when he was brought here by his parents. He remained on his father's farm until he had attained the age of eight- een years. At the commencement of the Rebellion he enlisted in Company C, Fifty- seventh Indiana Regiment, for three years, and was mustered in at Richmond. Indiana. The\ went into camp at Indianapolis, where Mr. Eaton was taken clown with the measles and losl his speech and was discharged from the service. He returned and worked on \ farm for two years, and then enlisted again in the One Hundred and Thirty-second In- diana. Regiment in the one-hundred service. His service was mainly guard duty and at the end of his term he was honor- ably mustered out. He returned and b irk on the farm, continuing until [869. Me then was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E., daughter of John Lewi-, a pioneer of this county. To this marriage three dren were born : John E., born in February, [872, who is an instructor in music: the second child died in infancy; Jennie A.. born August 12, [876, became the wifi Frank Lyons and live- at Silver Lake, her husband being in the liver}' business there. Mr. Eati hi i- 1 'lie of this part of the o lunti . He is a ] >emocrat and served his township as trustee for live years. He takes much interest in his party's success, and is the Democratic lead- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. i tins part of I t) . I le and if by all who within the bounds of their acquaint- ance. Mi i niembei Meth- ipal church. ill U*LES M. TUCKER. it th. like a Vanderbilt. but it is gh man} did nam* m t" duty and In that ■ the tun i- i ird of And wild< i and carved n from the prii nd mothers win the with the ■ ehind them a .\n and a princi| c up and call them This 1 nemoir. nd Albert Tucker in this volume. ) - horn in Franklin township, this county. July io, [870, and is if the distinguisl • settler. Albert Tucker, lie w the important d ~t"ck raising and farn I le finished his if Mentone. I le had I For farming and stock raising and ment of his father tin far from uninviting. I le •Id do I" as^i-t in 1,., make mnt) . and one hundn int\ I le ii ther's and know > how i" 11 •l money. 1 1 much ii count rnment. ( >n March 3 1. 11 M. I.i'. ;i in t!" Apri le follov 'i'ii Janu mmy V . . I... born Januai . born Man darv. I "ft' lew \ v 11 now I from two hundn hundred head of cattle. His 1 le and 1 >pondingly large, and. barring COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 417 bad luck, he is bound to accumulate an im- mense fortune. He lakes time from his many duties to cultivate the newspapers and books of the day and is thus a well-read man. He takes much interest in the affairs of his party, the Republican, and is himself in line for the best offices within the gift of the people. Business men are the ones to place in charge of the affairs of the couri ty, instead of in the hands of men who have made a failure of business and wish to draw- sustenance from the public crib. He is young, intelligent, full of ambition, honest and clean and is bound to make his mark in any held of human endeavor. JOHN" II. SHOUP. Notwithstanding the fact that the repub- lic of Switzerland is one of the smallest countries of the world, it has sent a large number of settlers to the United States dur- ing the years that have elapsed since inde- pendence was secured. The people of that country, appreciating the blessings of liberty of which they had a bright example in their native land, were nol slow to recognize the possibilities that opened out in sph perspective before all emigrants who should locate early in this country. Accordingly, large numbers of Swiss have emigrated and now constitute some of our best and most moral communities. Of this thrifty and freedom-loving people came the subject of this sketch. lie was born in Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, February 7. [839, and is the son of George VV. and Catherine (Cramer) Shoup. The Shoup ancestor emigrated from Switzerland about five generations ago, just after the Revolutionary war, and set- tled in Lancaster count), Pennsylvania, the emigrant of the name being Henry Shoup. He became an extensive land owner ami farmer of Lancaster count}-, and was the father of five sons, who. as they reached ma- turity, branched out for themselves over the West. One of these sons was named John, who had a son named Henry, who moved to Union county, Pennsylvania. The latter married Miss Mary Reasor ami followed the occupation of farming, becoming wealthy. The)- had two sons and three daughters, as follows: Christian. Hannah, Mary, one who became the wife of William I Ionian, and George \\\. the father of sub- ject. When George W. was a young man he moved from Union count) to Center county, Pennsylvania, ami settled at Aarons- burg, there learning the trade of millwright- illg and engineering. lie married Catherine Cramer, as before stated. She was the daughter of John and Elizabeth 1 < )rend< >rf 1 Cramer, and her grandparents were emi- grants from Prussia to Center count}-. They were very earl)- settlers there and became wealthy, being large land owners. 'I 11 1 children likewise scattered out over the coun- try and became Useful citizens of their adopted country. To the marriagi George W. and Catherine Shoup the fol- lowing children were born: John 11.. the subject of this memoir: Samuel married .Miss Lena Warner and resides in Cre 1 ihi< 1, and is engaged in the milling ness; William, who entered the Union army in [862 and after a splendid fighting <■■ >rd was killed during the Vicksburg campaign; Charles enlisted in the One Hundred and Second ( )hio Volunteer Infantry under Col- onel Given, and became the colonel's private 4iS COMPEXPIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. etary. In one of the movements he « captured and liel in the state of < (regon. moved from Center county, Pennsylvania, t . \\ ayne counl ;, O • ' ght if land near I After a time he sold out and moved to Burbank, Ohio, where later he lived a retired life. He w a pi ilitician in the old \\ I party, and upon the formation of the Re n part) joined it afterw; worked Republicanism. He was in church affairs as in itics and was a man of the hig ir- . e half what he had to the church. He died in advanced in ye. : of all. John 1 1. Shoup red mainly in the Ki nd ned the business of milling. When he was about i 1 he came with family to Wayne county, « Hiio. His education was obtained mainly in Pennsylvania and bj the time he w teei 'Id. with no other than v 1 in tl comnv n lie thereupon ent< Aai idem) and took a t\\ '.■led to hi^ stocl kno and to his culture. Upon com- lied for a teachei tificate. which, nted, and under it he • o immon scl r three saved up a considerable sum of mo Wish ;till further improve his cation, he then took Idwin University, at Bet cial branches that would best tit him for his e life — mathematics and the Eng In 1864 he was united in mar- with Miss Rebecca I Law rein. 1, daughter of Martin vrence. her birth having occurred April 17. 1842. To this .mart children wire horn: Mary A., ( tctoher 4, i& ' the Wi - iw with her brother and is in the millinery husi- 1... Iiorn January 2 Warsaw l, he ha\ ing more an any Mich- i'ld is Hammond. Indi- I'.. born July 17 from the Warsaw 1 with the . and two 11 uation he nsylvania rail _cnt. later ■ Khun and by her ■ "ii and lier fatli • . born N"ov« Meiltoii, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 419 school and resides with her parents. In February, 1873, ^' r - Shoup moved with his family to Kosciusko county, Indiana, and located at Warsaw, and there bought the old brick mill in partnership with S. VV. Old- father. They erected a new brick building, which still stands. In June, 1898. he bought his present plant at Mentone from Albert Tucker, and associated with him X. L. Yates, who had been in his employ sev- eral years. Air. Shoup has been successful in his milling operations, and has always stood high in the community where he has resided. He is a Republican, is greatly in- terested in politics and served Warsaw as councilman. In 1871 he joined Lake City Lodge, No. 379, A. F. & A. M., at War- saw. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he has been a Sunday-school teacher for many years, and he was also assistant superintend- ent at \\ arsaw. Xo people stand higher in the esteem of the general public and be- cause of this many fine persona] qualities have won for themselves a large circle of warm friend-. THOMAS BALL. It is a lucky thing in this world of ours that when health fails on one account or an- other man is not confined to one occupation, but 1- at liberty to pursue some business in keeping with his changed and cramped con- dition. It thus occurred with the subject of this -ketch that when his health failed him. or began to fail him, he turned his atten- tion to a pursuit less confining and more in keeping with liis altered condition. The fact that this could be done is one of the most important circumstances connected with our industrial system. It has really come to pass that a man or a woman may be a hope- less cripple and still be able to make a for- tune in this world's goods or reach the high- est pinnacle in the temple of fame. But he must have the head. After all, it is brain that count- in this world. The brain that can execute as well as plan is the one that will achieve the greatest triumph. It thus comes about that Mr. Ball is one of the leaders in this portion of the county. He was born in Wayne county. Indiana, Feb- ruary 3. 1827. and is thus one of the oldest citizens as well as one of the most promi- nent and useful men. His parents were William D. and Margaret (Widner) Ball, a sketch of whom will he found elsew in this volume. Thomas grew up on the farm and while engaged in that necessary occupation received a fair education at the country schools and learned all the intricate problems of farming and stock raising, and helped to clear oft' the heavy timber which covered the land. In early manhood he met .Mi-- Ovand E. Bright and soon afterward they were married, a fact very important to Mr. Ball.' She was the daughter of David and Fanny Bright and a woman who pos- sessed mi ire than the ordinary grace- be -t iwed upon the daughters of IX e. In ad- dition to tin- it may lie truthfully -aid that she had not a little to do with the future -I'ccc-- of her husband. Their marriage occurred on the [8th of February, [848, the i-sue of this marriage i- one daughter, Martha ).. horn September t6, [850 The daughter wa- given a good education and otherwise qualified for pure and intelligent womanb 1. She taught school in Kosci- usko count} for two term- terward 420 COMPENDIUM OF Bh>uR.irilY. inited in the holy bonds of matrii with Warren i ). Herendeen, t.ikini^ up her residence in Silver Lake, Indiana. By him she became the mother of ten children, -i\ sons and four daughters. Mr. Herendeen having died, she married Allen Bybe now it Men tone. When Mr he owned forty aci land, all covered with heavy woods. This 1 and fully improved. During this time his health failed, and. being splendid animal, the all lir '.'1 he. he erinary science his future busi- jularly to study the >f the tit himself fully for the pro- u. As lie had mastered the m to practice and \\ as lined, him to ti rounding counti< - As a n all opposition i" him has I [e enty- I le enlisted for military ivil war. but wi nut of di ■ ision. an ar lent Republican and ictive and prominent part in politics. I!< honored with election shown his fitness and • i it\ .llr consecutive Vliship :i nielli' I 1841 and signed by lent John Tyler, ami one dated 1*47. WILLIAM I" N'EAL. This worth) representative of two ster- families i< one 1 f the 1 farmers and citizens of Jackson ti >\\ nship ami for a numl ed much more than local rep; an earnest, able and faithful minister of the German Baptist church; Originally the - came from Smith Carolina, in which •he rem tied in a very earlj day, coming try from the Emerald I- certain memlx unily migrated t'> Miami county, Ohio, where William F. the subject's father, was I and where, in I 1 the ma Lucinda Milh Millii >ns wei Miami ind a number of 1 1 ■ ■ • carioi » Willi im l farmer and was a mai in the community where nearly all of h it. After his man ijt of the "M Xeal hoi in Miami county and continu cupy the same the remainder of his life, dying with the and esteem of all who knew him. lie was liildren, whosi nda, Phoebe, Matilda. William I", ami Patrick If. /tcJu^^n^ y? • syZ€^C- MRS. WM. F. NEAL COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 4-' William F. Meal, whose name forms the caption of this review, was born in Miami county, Ohio, on the 15th day of April, [841. lie grew to manhood on the old home farm and remained with his father until twenty-three years of age. meanwhile 'hiring his minority enjoying such educa- tional advantages as the common schools af- forded. In his twenty-third year he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Jen- kines. whose father. David Jenkines, a de- scendant of an old and highly respected South Carolina family, was for forty con- secutive years a justice of the peace in the county of Miami. He was also a man oi considerable local prominence, intelligent nd the average and during the greater part of .his life was a potent factor in the public affairs of his part of the stale. To Mr. and Mrs. Xeal were born three chil- dren, the oldest nf win mi, Elmer EC., mar- ried Rose Leek, win 1 died March 1. 1902, and at this time he lives in Milford, Indi- ana: he has three children. Clara A.. Charles I and Isaac H. ; Mary F... the second, died August 27, [885, and the youngest, whose name was John O., departed this life in the year [872. The mother of these children was a woman of sterling worth and her death, in < Icti 'her, 1S7 1 . was an evenl great- ly deplored, not only 1>\ her family and im- mediate friends, but by a large number of iicquaintances who had learned to prize her for her sweel mural nature and the whole- some influence which she exerted upon all with whom she came in contact. Mr. Meal's secoud marriage was solemnized June 30, 1872, with Mi-- Magdalene Harshman, who has borne him children as follow-.: Effie M.. Elsworth, Stella. Etta and Elsie. Stella • lied October 28, [897, and Etta is now taking: high school work. Mrs. Xeal was born in Frederick county, Maryland, April 25, 1843, ;uu l ' s a daughter of Jacob and Mary A. (Ellis) Harshman. She was one of eight children, four sons and four daugh- ters, of whom two suns and two daughters are still living. The Harshman family he- came residents of Jay county in an early day, but the parents died in Ohio. In [88] Mr. Xeal disposed of his inter- ests in his native state and came to Kosci- usko county, Indiana, purchasing one hun- dred and seventy-five acre- of land, which ci institutes his present farm in the township of Jackson. Here he has since lived, actively engaged in the pursuit of agriculture and meeting with the financial success with which such thrift and well directed energies a.s his are usually rewarded. In many re- spects lie i- a tin "lei farmer, his place bear- ing every evidence of advanced tillage, while his residence, barns and outbuildings indi- cate the presence of a man of modern ideas and methods and who displays sound judg- ment and guild taste in the management of lis affairs. He is now one of the leading agriculturists of hi- section of the county and by industry and intelligent consecutive effort ha- accumulated a sufficiency of worldly wealth in place himself and family in comfortable, if not independent, circum- stance-. A number of years ago Mr. Xeal united with the German Baptisl church and in [.878 was officially sel apart by his brethren to the work 1 'f the mini-try. From that time in the present he ha- preached at man) dif ferenl points and a- a public servant oi the church has accomplished much g 1 by his clear and able presentation of the gospel, in- ducing many to abandon the ways of sin and C0MPEXDIUS1 OF BIOGRAPHY. . the way t" a better life here, ;m matters political, although keeping himself well informed upon ti questions now before the American people. X" citizen of Jackson township i- held in higher respect or enjoys more fully the confidence of the public. An honest man. an honorable citizen, an humble. pious, hut able minister of the gospel Christ, his life ha- been consecrated to the id of his kind and the future awaits him w ith li< lunteous rewai extract, referring to the ' the subject, is here ap- pend* \ i u . Ill Ui. I iv. [ndiai imption, months and iw< orn in Mia . hool wort i I "Whithei I go tho but ELDER SAMUEL LECKR< 'XI". r piety . moi rity, activity or industry in the work • church, all tend toward true hap; in this world and a hopeful confidence in the life t • if tiie-e invaluable \ irtui . of I .ake t' iwn- ship, Kosciusko county, Indiana, and . of Daniel and Sarah (Shrider) Leckt born in Terry county, < >hio, Apr 1848. His father was a native of Lan< county, Pennsylvania, was traction, and wax taken when a bo by his parents. «•] ' in Perrj county. He \'. -i a backwoods farm and ut few opportunities for an education, hut had plenty of hard work and became a g 1 farmer. The Shrider family also emi- I from Pennsylvania to I >'ii' 1 am tied near the Leckrones, and thus Daniel Leckrone and Sarah Shrider became quainted. They were married in Perry f'nnty March 15. 1S47. the result being twelve children. \ i/ : Samuel. Lemuel. Alva. Mary, I), Almeda, Sarah K. Benjamin, e, l.amira and John S uel, Lemuel and Aha reside in Lake town- ship. Kosciusko county. Mr. Leckrone. the father of this family, still resides in Hope- well township. Perry county, ' >hio, he in his seventy-fifth year, hut his wife life March jj. 1902, aged al enty- four extract being here reprinted tally apropos in this con- ion. - nd two month! Mri-n- set n -.'ns .mil i ■ ( hurcb, Indiana, hren chun a faithful sister in tin- church ov< • ■ iuel 1 xckn ted on the home . w hen he COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 423 went out to work as a farm hand by the month. After he had paid for his necessar) clothing he dutifully delivered to his father the remainder af his wages, and so con- tinued to do until within six m mths of be- coming of age. After that he retained his earnings and continued to work out until twenty-twi 1 years old. ( Ictober 23, [870, Samuel Leckrone was joined in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Alary Hendricks, a daughter of Solo mon and Lydia 1 Stoner) Hendricks, natives of Ohio. Mary Hendricks was but nine days old when her mother died, and the babe was reared, by her maternal grandmoth- er, who gave her a common-school educa- tion. Mr. Leckrone was not possessed oi a great deal oi cash when married, so he rented a farm from his father-in-law in Kni >x county, on which he and wife lived about four years. In September, [874,'with his wife and little ones, he came to Kosci- usko cpunty, Indiana, and purchased sev- en! y-six acres of land in the southern cor- ner of Lake township, mi which, with the exception of the barn, lie has erected all the buildings, and here he still resides. It is the custom of the German Baptist church, to which Air. Leckrone is si > de- votedly attached, t< ► place a member of the congregation on trial as helper, and when that member has proven his worthiness and capability t«i advance him in the dignity and office nf minister. August 24, 1870, Mr. Leckrone was put to this ordeal, and after his people became fully satisfied as tn his piety and understanding he was advanced tn the sacred degree in the ministry August 1 1. [879, and has since performed its func- tions in the most satisfactory manner 1 < ■ ail concerned. This office confers upon the in- cumbent the right tn administer baptism, solemnize marriage and break bread at com- munion. December -'4. [881, Elder Leek rone was advanced tn the full ministry and now has charge of three churches, one ..t Beaver Dam, one at Roann ( Wabash coun- ty) and line in Jackson township, and he also preaches at other places voluntarily or by request. In Samuel and Mary ( Hendricks 1 Leckrone six children have been granted to bless their earthly existence. Of these the eldest, Charles, who was born August 25, [871, passed through the common schools and attended North Manchester College; lie then taught school two years, after which he attended Mount Morriss (Illinois) Col- lege, from which he was graduated in the class of 1894 and then taught school two terms in Kosciusko count)'. He next en- tered the Indiana State Normal School, from which he was graduated in the class of [897; was then appointed principal of the Brownsburg (Indiana) school, which he taught two years ; then entered the State University at Bloomirtgton and was grad- uated in 1900. He attended the State L'ni- versit) at Ann Arbor, Michigan, after which lie took a post-graduate course at the Chi cago University. He is now professor of Latin in the Warsaw ( Indiana ) high school. He wedded, June iK. [901, at Brownsburg, indiana. Mis- Ethel Chine Free. She has an advanced education and was a teacher in Hendricks county. Indiana. Lizzie, the sec ond child horn to Rev. Samuel Leckrone, was born March 21, 1874. and is the wife of Gilbert Hartsong, of Lake township. .Martha, who was born in January, [878. attended college at North Manchester. Cora, bom August 1. iSS_>. graduated from 424 !PEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. tin.- commoi in 1901 Lina, 1» >rn 1885, also graduated from the 100] 111 [901, and i- now attend- North Manchesti Samuel 11.. the you 1 the family, was born in March, 1 : 1\V\ Mr Leckrone, the father of t children, holds a very high position in the esteem of the citizens of Wabash and k ciusko counties, and his wife and children share with him the respect which is paid t.» him. He takes no part in politics and ha- • voted. HENRY L. OLDFATHER. The great 1 1 aring the land of its timber in earl) years can scarcely be realized by the people of today. Nol a crop could an m>r an orchard tree planted until d been cut down and re- el with tire or \\ ith a team of hi Even then the stumps were a great hindrance and it is doubtful if so much as half a could be raised until they had been pulled r bum up. The amount of hard labor required t" remove the timber Imost incredible. It was a ta-k that seemed never t" end, and all members of the family were required t>> assist early and late and at all ms of the year. The subject of this -ketch had his full share of this work, lie born in Wabash county, Indiana. May -;_•. and is the son of Adam and 1 l Berger > < Hdfather. Both families of Germanic descent, l>nt came dii from Pennsylvania, where the ancesl ■ many y< . jrand- r alter In- marriage removed t" Mont- 1 Ihii 1, and n 1 him w en seven sons ami two daughters. I t'V he 1 >\ er -ever - 1 -. hut neither re .\ sin- gular fact i- that they died in the ordi their hirths. Adam < Hdfather upon n ing maturity married Miss Berger and they became the parents of these children: anna, who wedded Andrew Knoop and in Clay township, her husbai d; Sarah, the vvifei f Daniel Bolin, in lllim ii-; Samuel l\. who married Miss Libbie M< and now at North Manchester, Indiana, served as a pi er for eight months in the war of the una. win 1 became the w il George Leffel. lives in North Manch< 1 lenrx I... subject: Melissa, who mat Tin una- A. I ut. :;i Seward town- ship; John F. f wht" tin- memoir was I on the farm and early learned the ng of the words "hard work." He se- cured ' education and in early man- Jit school in the country districts . exhibiting I powers COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 4^5 of government. One of his pupils became a noted divine in the Methodist Episcopal church, due, of course, to the excellent in- struction given by Mr. Oldfather. In [875 he wedded Miss Flotilla Loop, who was born January 28, 1852, her parents having been early settlers of Ohio. One child blessed this union, Iva. born February 14. 1879. Siie is an accomplished young lady, both in schooling and in music. She married Harry \Y. Cline, a teacher of this county, and lives in Seward township. Mr. Old- lather is a member of Lodge No. 164, K. of !'.. at Silver Lake. He has for five years past been engaged in shipping stock. He served as secretary of the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Association for nineteen vears and did a vast amount to render the association useful and successful. He was largely in- strumental in making it one of the strongest companies in the state. He is a Republican and at one time was the candidate of his party for county commissioner. He is well and favorably known throughout the coun- ty and is one of its leading and substantial men. Mr. Oldfather is keenly interested in the formation of a telephone Company, un- der the name of the People's .Mutual Tele- phone Company of Kosciusko county. The officers of the ci impany are as f< »lli >ws : Presi- dent. I lcnr\ L. Oldfather; secretary. Sam- uel 1!. Mora; treasurer, Harry W. Cline; on the hoard of directors there are iv addi- tion to the gentlemen named, Ephraim Wells. Arthur Smith and Owen F. Brown. The company is incorporated and is cap- italized at ten thousand dollars, Mr. Old- father ha- in hi^ possession a valuable relic in the shape of an old parchment deed. dated Augusl io, [837, and signed 1>\ Presi- dent Martin Van Buren. WILLIAM BAKER. This well-known citizen is an excellent representative of the better class of farmers of the United States, lie comes from an ancestry that distinguished itself in the pi neer times. When the county was covered with an almost interminable forest of large trees and the woods tilled with wild animals his people came here and began to carve from the primeval forests, build schools and churches, and introduce the customs of civ- ilization in the wilderness. They were gen- uine pioneers, willing to take the hardships that they might acquire the soil and the home that were sure to rise. Subject was born in Harrison township, this county, January X, 1855, and is the child of Abraham and Lethy (Huffman) Baker. The father was a native of Richland county, Ohio, and came to this county in 1847. A.S this was before the time of railroads, be walked the entire distance of two hundred miles, and brought with him five hundred dollars in cash which be had earned by day labor in Ohio. He bought one hundred and sixty acres of government land for two dollars and a half per acre, but as he was not ready vet to begin clearing the timber from the same he hired out for the winter of [847-8 to clear off timber for another man in Wa- bash count)'. The follow ins; summer, how- ever, he began to clear on his own place in earnest. On March _>_>. 1849, ' ie n ' as unite ' in marriage with Miss Lethy Huffman, sif- ter of George L. Huffman, and immediately moved upon his land and began the task of clearing the same. It was covered with dense woods, hut life was before them and time was long and s, , they steadily took the sunshine with the storm and built up in the F BIOuR.-U'liy ipy hom< re he the present day. I [e is and his long life has ■ ■II- >r. He i- known far and and ■ a reproachful word - attended own bn me two hundred acre- of timber lli • iwned hundred and twenty aire-, worth from fifty He was g\ but when threat- ened to crush the union of thi ife died June 20. [869, and hi ifd wedded Bar- ■ the first wife, S imuel, ied Miss I; Mahala, who the wii in Fulton county, In ina, who wedded Ira Wertenl ind livi Franl vnship: Mary, who marrieil II, who died, and she then mar-. :i Tucker and now lives in Men - san, who became the wife of Will- iam I'.. ! 'i Fulton county; Matilda, who wedded Joshua Garwood and es in Harrison township : Andrew, who died in infancy. Because of surrounding circun William Baker • 1 i < I not compli training, but he remedied this detect in after life very greath by exten 1 le farming as his occupation thi he became older he began to ss in his farming operation-. Whe ined his majority he rented the ;in Januai I lannah Latimer, L\ man Latimer, and I ion were horn three children: orn July I, >w in the ind two children that died in infancy. At the time of his he had . about three thou- sand dollars and had bought sixty-two i farm, lie now owns one hun- dred and sixteen and one-half »f the all well improved. He has one of the finest hank barns in tl f the county, and built the same in 1899. All the - of the basement are cement. in the horse stable. The who', ally i- an excellent example of modern farm improvement and refli it credit nterprise and advanced ideas of Mr. I laker. He r and hogs, and sells many < making no little money from this bran g neral farmer he is -fi:l. I li- life has been tilled with g 1 action-, and the world is f( r his having lived. He is a strong Republican, but is not an seeker, Sfli he would grace any office within the gift of his neig He is well known an 1 wi ,rd i- as g 1 as a bond. ^BRIEL LTLREY. brie] I'Irey. a farmer and 11 township, also a minister of the German Baptist church, is a native of Mont- gomery count). < )hio. and son of Joseph and Swihart) Ulrey. The family g nal 1 ierman st GA3RIEL ULRSY FAMILY GROUP COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 427 "Ulrich." The subject was born December 26, (839, and when a little over four years old was brought to Kosciusko county, Indi- ana, where he has since lived and prospered. He grew to maturity on a farm and received his preliminary education in subscription schools taught principally by Andrew Whistler. Gabriel Swihart, Jr., Gabriel Swi- hart. St., and his own father, Joseph Ul- rey. who were among the earliest peda- gogues of Jackson township. By making the most of his opportunities he obtained a fair knowledge of such branches as were then taught and also became familiar with the German language, which he learned to read ami write with ease and fluency. After reaching his majority he attended school at Warsaw two years and then obtained a teacher's license and in the winter of 1 So 1 taught his first term in the public schools if Kosciusko county. With the exception of "lie vear. the winter of 1871-72, he was en- gaged in educational work from 1S01 to 1X70 inclusive, meanwhile attending nor- mal schools and institutes for the purpose of increasing his efficiency as an instructor. During the time that he was thus engaged .Mr. Ulrey earned an enviable reputation as a teacher and Iris long retention in the same district was a compliment to his ability and attested the high esteem in which he was held by both patrons and pupils. In 1876 he gave up teaching and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, moving in the spring of that year to the farm in Jackson township on which be has since lived. On the 8th day of May. 1862, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ann Kreiter, daugh- ter of Henry and Rosa A. ( Kasler) Kreiter, who came !■> Kosciusko county from Ohio in the year [848. Mrs. Ulrey was born July 26 -/• Io 43' ni Stark count). Ohio, ami since her fifth year has lived in the county of Kos- ciusko. There were eight children born to ! Icnry and Rosa Kreiter. five sons and three d.anghters. Of these there are hut four liv- ing, Mrs. Ulrey ami three brothers. Of the latter Samuel is married and is a resident of Los Angeles count}-. California; Monroe K. resides in the old Kreiter home in Lake township, this county, while the third brother is married and lives at Cambridge, Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Ulrey are the par- lv isa, wife ot una, wi fe ents of eight children, viz : A. Wurtenberger, of Kansas ; A of Jacob X. Miller, of Jackson township; Lizzie married Jacob A. Metzger, also a resi- dent of Jackson township; Alice is the wife of Albert Miller, a farmer of the same town- ship; Mattie, who became the wile of Sam- uel X. Hawley. lives in California; Asa wedded, March 12, [902, Miss Edna Shir- ley, of Kosciusko county; Alpheus married Cora Ross and carried on farming in the township of Jackson ; and Ella, now Mrs. E. P. bridle, lives with her father on the home place. Mr. Ulrey has been a thrifty farmer and is now well situated financially. With the exception of some small assistance his own and wife's parents, he has made the comfortable fortune which is now his and is entitled to much credit for the suc- cessful manner with which he has concluded his business affairs. In the spring of [864 he was elected trustee of Jackson township and served as such by re-election until [867, lischarging the duties -1 I he iffice in an able and praiseworthy manner. I [is second elec- tion was without op] act which speaks well for his standing with the people ii" mg h It ni. irrespect i\ e of party affilia COMPENDIUM WGRAPHY. lion, eld in the hi. steem. In 1891 the aiul wife took a three months' trip to the Pacific coast and speak very highly ountry. .Mr. L'lri-N 1- a valuable man in the com- munity ami his judgment and clear i- in iii business have caused him to tained by his neighbors 1 1 • adjust mat- which without his assistance might have led t" expensive litigation. He has served as administrator on some valuable estate-, among which may l>e cited that of nit. which, representing over four- isanc! dollars, has been settled to the entin tion of all parties concerned. In April. 1 Si ■(!. he united with the German inch. ni" which communion he has i a faithful and consistent member, looking with the deepest interest after the affairs of the local congregation to which he belongs ami bj a blameless life. 1 crated to the service of God and his ;■ men. exerting a wholesome influence in the community where he lives. < (ctober 1 1. he was made a deacon of the church and in November following his brethren set him apart t" the work of ministry. Subsequent- ly, December 24, 1881, lie was advanced tn the second if his holy office, while not regularly engaged as a pastor, he |uired am! ' implished much good by his public ministries. 1 lis .' , , be- le church and with himsel sidered a members. The building in which ■ ground donated by t' father fur church and burial purposes, ■ ■ t< 1 all who desire to lmr\ rein, and the house open to all de- nominations i''r funej In pul- a stanch Republican. As a citizen none occupies a mure conspicuous in the < i- of the public and as a neighbor In- en loved ami hon- I by the people of his township. J< MIX M WAINWRIGHT. Among rt 1 if the county who have built up a highly creditable repu- tation and have disl i thems i>\ right and honorable living is the subject 1 if this brief memoir. His prominem ffairs of the community i- conceded and hi- <\>,\-']^ will speak fur themselves. Some men speak loudest by talking volubly and frequently, while others speak lo by their actions. The subject of this notice is able t" express himself well when talking ■led. and is also well qualified to carry into execution his thoughts. He is one of - in this community where there are mam men of sound and ripe judgment. He has shown his for official honors after many spent in the publii and he is willing that his record should speak fur him. He was Uirn in Union county, Indiana. ruary 14. [862, ami i- the - harles W. and Sarah 1 Kin- 1 Waimvright. YYainwright family cam< My from inia. where Isaac, the grandfather, was born and brought up. The latter movi I nil m county. Indiana, in 1830, when the country was yet a wildei I he Ring family have lived in this state many y< iming here when the country was Thev first lived in Madison county, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 429 and afterward in Union county, where the two families intermingled. The father and mother were married in 1859 and in [865 they removed to Miami county. Indiana, where the father bought a saw -mill near Gilead, which he operated for a number of years, making money steadily and rapidly. Unfortunately he was accidentally burned out, the loss falling upon him with crushing force, a- he had no insurance. In 1869 he came to this county and located near Sevas- topol, and in [870 he moved into Seward township and located near Yellow Creek lake. He took the job of digging a big ditch running from this lake and by go I management and hard work made .1 snug sum of money, sufficient in fact t'i partly if not wholly reimburse him for hi- previous loss, in 1872 he removed to Palestine and engaged in the pump and well business, and continued thus until the time of his death in 1893. He was a Re- publican in his political affiliations, and as such was elected justice of the peace and was serving as such at the time of his death. He was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church and served a number of years ;i s Sunday-school superintendent. He was an excellent example of the high-minded Christian citizen. I lis life was rilled with action, but through all he ever retained his excellent standing and won the respect and confidence of his neighbors. His widow still survives him, in her sixty-second year, and resides with her son John in Palestine. To their marriage there were bum two sons, i 'hi M. and William H. The latter was in [863 and upon attaining manhood was united in marriage with Miss Effie Mil- ler and resides in Warsaw, Indiana. John M. W'ainw right was a boy of ten years when his father mined to Palestine Me attended the local school until he was sixteen years old. going to school in the winters and working on the property of his lather in the summers. When he was six- teen he was so well advanced that he re- ceived a certificate to teach, but owing to his immature years he did not essay the role of a teacher. Upon reaching the age of twenty-one years he engaged in the pump and well business with his father under the firm name of W'ainw right & Son, and a little later they added cement and sewer pipe to their other commodities. Upon the death of the father the business was managed, by subject until 1894, at which date he bought the present business and has since done a thriving trade. On December 24. 1884. the subject was united in marriage with Miss Mary E., daughter of E. W. and Hannah Uplinger, of this county, but formerly of Penn-vl- vania, whose birth occurred Jul)' 19. [865. Mrs. Wainwright received a good educa- tion in her girlhood and finished by attend- ing the high school at Warsaw for two years. She secured a teacher's certificate and taught for some time in the schools oi this county. To her marriage with subject there have been born these children: \ allie B., born July 31. 1880. graduated in the class of 1902 in the common schools; Carl A., born August 2^, [89] ; Charles \\\. born May 22, [898; M. Ruby, born May 6, 1900. Upon the death of his father Mr. Wain- wright was appointed to till out the unex- pired term as justice of the peace, and so well did he give satisfaction that he was re-elected and has served down to the pres- ent time. During the administration . of President Harrison he was appointed posi • IPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY tine, and was again ap- pointed by President McKinley. He is in politics and wields great influence in' the councils of his party. He h - and as a memb ntral committee and i- a leader among men. He is a member of Camp No. 3525, M. \V. A., Forest Lodge, No. 46, K. of P., and of Warsav No. 83, I < ». Iv M.. and he and his good wife are mem- e Methodist Episcopal church. He superintendent of the Sabbath ears and hi served a- trustee of the church for eighl county cannot boast of a better citizen TIH )M \S J. ( ' ILBER In the first the settlers came from all - of the : 1 there being represented by its md m« >st adventurous pi Manj from Pennsylvania and many from New England. 1 Hd Virginia many, nearly all of whom had been pa- wners and gave up that institution from motives of principle. Immedi lution there was little if excepl to build up homes and fortunes, bul about I >i the teenth century and continuing until the ureal Rebellion, the fight against one of the principal n gration of many of the ; 1 lo the free northwest. Among the families which left thai state at an earl) d a home north ' >hio river w r of the 1 Tiffin, ■ ployment as -cutter, which le. I le was tpjite .1 boy when he Tiffin, but he went to work and soon ma a name for himself. 1 le became a prominenl rie canal, bujldinj under contr otherwise assisting that at improvement. He finally met his death at Lagro. Indiana. William. r, upon reaching manhood met and mar- 1 hristina I [ill, her family be cut and natives of tl state. The Hills moved t" Sew count) . 1 early day, and tin William and Christina met. They moved to sko county, Indiana, in 1839 and town-hip. or what i- iv i\\ L township, where he entered from 1' . eminent one hundred and sixt) ai w Hand. Not long after this William 1 bert went to his death. To his man- two children were born in Ohio. Jesse, who married Miss Emma Smith in the ■ -•• of his country, serving three y« and died from : ts of his - fter his return home, and Thomas I . the After the death of William, his widow mar- Bradley, and as young Thoi uld not full) 1 all thing- with -tcp-f.v left home when he was fif- and started out in the world to do for himself. One of the first thit he did was to secure a contract for ■Inch, and a little later he became in on the road. 1 1. I in \ av- er things and made mot • to put his money int and thus he steadily grew in the m< this world I le 1- now tin farm-, one of one hundred unty and a smal \11 this v COMFEXPICM OF BIOGRAPHY 43i shrewd management and hard work. Al- though he started as a poor boy, he has ac- quired a good property and has made a fine success. He was born at Tiffin, ( )hio, April 29, [838, and his early life was spent in the w Is. The education he received was very meager, for he had to work hard in clearing the trees and stumps from his father's farm. When lie was thrown on his own resources by the unfortunate death of his father, he was obliged to forego all further schooling". hut he has in later years managed to add much to his former deficiency b) constant leading. lie is now one of the leaders in • his portii hi i if the county. He pi tssessed the qualities which attract friends and retain them, and he has always been benefited by his friendships, for it was found by all that he could be implicitly trusted, lie was mar- ried December 25, [858, to Miss Rebecca, daughter of David Pontious, who was a na- tive of Virginia, and to this union five chil- dren were horn, as follows: William E., who married Miss May Price and resides in Marshall county; Ola A., who wedded Scott Lawrence and lives in Wabash county; David, who married in Ohio and lives in Miami county; James W., unmarried ; John, who ited in business with his father in a general store at Silver Lake. Recently .Mr. Colberl traded for a stock of goods a.1 Silver Lake and is at present engaged in ig his g Is for cash or good credit. lleh cellent trade and the entire con- fidence of the community. His stock con- sists of dry-goods, boots, groceries and clothing. lie is a Democrat and is the party's most active worker in tin- part of the count v. He is a member of Lodge No. 576, I. 6. * ). P.. of Silver Lake, and has represented his lodge in the grand lodge He and his wife are members of the United Brethren church, and he is one of the sub- stantial and reliable citizens of the countv. SAMUEL J. CARR. It is at all times very interesting to com- pile and preserve the experiences of the old soldiers who went out to tight the country's battles during the slaveholders' rebellion forty years ago. These gallant old fellows are fast passing away, and we should gel all of their experiences first hand, before they pass away, and leave on record. It is im- portant that we preserve these personal ex- periences, for after all those are the events which make history. What would history he worth were it not for the vivid actions of the individuals? That is all there is to the splendid histories of ancient and modern times. The story a- told by one who passed through the bloody experiences of four years of struggle and was in numerous battles, marches, campaigns, and. perhaps, prisons and hospitals, is far more interesting than if narrated long hence by some writer who may distort events out of their true historic significance. The subject of this notice was horn in Cincinnati. Ohio, -May 1 1. [845, and is the child of John and Edna (Scowden) Carr. The Carr family came originally from Ireland and settled in Virginia, hut when John was a \, ung man he went to Kentucky and served for a number of years as pilot on the rivers in that section of the country. This occupation he continued un- til the. time of hi- death. The Scowdens were formerly from Pennsylvania, but to Cincinnati at an early day. and there the 432 COMPE.XPILWI OF BIOGRAPHY. father and mother of subject met and were married, the ceremony occurring in l ber, [838. To this marriage two children born. Alice, h rn in July. 1X4. il education in Lane's Young Ladies' Seminary, of Cincinnati, and became the wife of William B. Dunbar, of Mount on, Ohio. The latter was a printer by and became a lieutenant in the Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, during the Rebellion, lie p thrilling sen ices, and was quite severely wounded at the I>1 ly batt Chickama -: his par- ents when he was a small boy, and he was taken tised by his grandfather, Mrs. - iwden. Thus be was provided for until he was fifteen years old, receiving i' mi. and was then taken by his R. Scowden, who \ civil engineer, and worked t'<>r him during The grand 11 ha\ i- I to Ripley county, Indiana, he remained with her until the spring <>f 1861, • enlisted in the Union armj in 1 pany C, Thirteenth Regiment, Indiana unteer Infantry, and was mustered in at In- dianapolis, June 19, 1861. After a time spent in camp of instruction, he was sent to the held and first 1 the enerm at Ri< h Mountain, Virginia. After that at Green Brier in October, t86i, B Mountain, December, 1861, Wincln March. iNf.j. helping to defeat Stonewall skirmishes and batt '■ t. and in one of ments \ ereh hurt and was sent t 1 pital. In September. [863, he joined his m and was present at the - nd battle of the same name. ■ me his • pi red, but he enlisted again and aftei furlough joined his regiment at Jackson- ville, Florida, lie was sent north and was in the many hi ly battles of the Richmond and surround Bermuda Hundred. I •'. riu. Chi Cold Harbor. Deep Bottom, Chapman's harm. Fort Fisher and on t" the surre For gallantry in battle he was pron first to corporal, and then t<. tirst lieutenant, the latter being made May 1. [865. and the commission being signed by l I'. Morton. I le was mustered 1 Goldsboro, N'orth Carolina, it S 1865, having served over four years. He participated in more than thirty different en- n<\ was in many arcl marches and harassing campaigns. He afterward drew a pension ,,f twe' 1 for his disabilities. \ft\ eminent, and lat ille until August, r868, when he came to N T orth Manchester. Indiana. tarried Miss Jennie Klime. He went west in [869 and worked on the 1 tilroad. but the same year returned to Indiana and here he remained until his To this marriage two children were l>orn, nd a daughter, the • the daughter, was bom ell educated and niar- 1 ' 1 merchant of I li 1 ■ ig Repul er at Silver I p]x>intment June 1. 1901, from '' McKinle) I le was a mi • ■• 1'"-' \. R., and His splendid war ree- ■ '. as well known u> all his asso _ • ■• ■ - in this part of the county, and one of COMPEXDIi'M OP BIOGRAPHY 433 the most prominent citizens. Mr. Carr de- parted tiiis life 'Hi the 7th of June, 1902, and his funeral was conducted by the Grand Arm) 1 if the Republic. GIVEN K. SMITH. Fort) years ago, when the slaveholders' rebellion broke out with all its fury at Fort Sumter and when it looked as if the Union that all loved so much would he dissolved, several members of the family to which the subject belongs enlisted to save the federa- tion of the states, even though they had to free the slaves in order to do so. It was a time when there could be no temporizing and ii" halting. — no half-way position, — for all who were in it for the Union were against it. and both sides hated the man whi 1 claimed t. > he neutral because he did not want to risk his skin on the field of battle and had no principles to sustain. The mem- bers of this family were alive to the gravity of the national conflict, and realized that the struggle impending was something more than a holiday undertaking ami knew that it meant great hardship and the shedding ol rivers of blood before the Hag could again wave from Maine to Florida and from Florida to California. But they did not hesitate, be it said to their everlasting re- in i\vn. Given EC. Smith is the son of Frank anrl Margaret (Holmes) Smith, and was born in Rockbridge count}. Virginia, June 19. [838. The Smiths of which he is a worthy esentative were natives 1 if that state, an-! of English descent, and were members of what became famous in history as the "first families" of Virginia. These people were famous for their hospitality, their tine man- ners, the beauty of their women and the gallantry of their men, and for their skill in statecraft. Through this particular fam- ily ran a trace of Irish blood, sufficient to sharpen their wits and cause them to be will- in- to fight at any and all times to main- tain their rights and liberties. The Holmes family were also of the same blood and pos- sessed the same indomitable characteristics, The blending of these two admirable ele- ments had an excellent result in the off- spring, as is shown in the lives of the subject of this sketch and his brothers. Frank and Margaret Smith removed t 1 Miami county, Ohio, where they engaged in farming and stock raising. To them nine children were born, as follows: William, Jeannette, Caro- line, John. James. Henry, Given K., sub- ject, Frank and Samuel. William. John. James and Henry are deceased. They and subject served, as before stated, in the Union army during the Rebellion, and the family should be known by all as the "Soldier Family" by reason of their splendid service. John particularly distinguished himself and \\a> promoted to a captaincy, while the others, in a less conspicuous way, were also famed for their gallantry on the field, their intense loyalty and their hardihood on the march and in the hospitals. When to the above are added the names of Frank and Samuel, it will be found that there were seven boys of this splendid family to assist Uncle Sam in maintaining bis political life. Subject enlisted in Company lb Fiftieth ( )hio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered in August r, [862. After a brief period in camp of instruction he was sent to Ken- tucky' an 1 there saw his 1 ■ 1 in arms 434 COMPENDIUM OF BI( 'CR.ll'ilV. and smelled his first gunpowder. lit- wa- ged at Perryville in August, 186: ircely knew how to march straight, Inn owed his pluck under fire and did not i [e h i v wounded at Smoky Hollow, anhio and of Germanic descent. em five children were born, as Ella, who became the wife of Charles Yates and lives in Paducah, Kentucky; Alice, who married Samuel Doutts, resides in Warsaw, ... who wedded Law relic. derhill, li ke; Myrtle, who became the wife of Charles Pearston, lives .hart: Earl C. i- unmarried and lives chart. In [8 ibject moved lUtlty, Indiana, thei iusko county in 1887. I le firsl w the Lake Shore & Mic Southern Railroad, and later bought a small ''arm v\ est of Silver l.ake. and on the same lived until the death of his wife in June. 1898, when he came to town. Hi- splendid rd makes him a He is a member 1 if I '. isi \. k.. at Silver I-'. He is mcmlver of tile Mi in which and in ii- Sunday school 1 . ker. I le is an uncompro- mising Republican a; ctive member of his party. He i- prominent in the affairs of the township and the county, and the not possess a better citizen. MRS. R \rilLL ROCKHILL. the amiable and p ular lady whose name head- this -ketch most happily illustrates what may he attained by faithful and continued effort in carrying -. It is a story of a life n measured by it- usefulness — a life that has made the world better and brighter. Her career ha- been dignified ami womanly. her manner unafl and her action-. springing from a heart charged wit!; good feeling for humanity, have been t • all who were within the rai i| her influence. She i- a representative <-i one of the pioneer fan northern Indiana, and for many years was the wife of ,. usko county's mosl worth) and honor- citizens. Rachael Teegarden, daught< and Sarah 1 Tee' 1 Teegarden, was born in Columbiana count on the jj<1 day of Jul). [832. Her paternal grandfather. a native of Germany, came to die United State- ! many • county, Pennsylvania, where his born and reared. fanner and when E 1 married Sarah ■ 'in 1 iermany and in an early day settled in the county and nail) lo- cated. 1 1. ricultural put in ( in ntv and continue' there <^^2^, ^^^/ COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 435 till he came to Columbiana county, Ohio. He later disposed of his possessions in that county and migrated to Kosciusko county, Indiana, about 1851, settling' in the township of Harrison. Here he purchased land, cleared a farm and became one of the sub- stantial and enterprising men of his commu- nity. He was a pronounced Methodist in his religions views and as long as he lived worked zealously to establish organizations of that faith in various parts of the country. His moral character was pure and clear, his influence was always exercised in behalf of the good of his kind and he left to his chil- dren a name and fame which the tongue of slander never attacked and which today are deemed of far greater worth than a heritage 1 if lands and gold. George and Sarah Teegarden had nine children, whose names are Eliza. Lavica, Solomon, • Thomas, Moses, William, Jere- miah. George and Rachael. Rachael spent her childhood days and youthful years amid the bracing airs of the countr\ and grew to womanhood among the beautiful rural scenes of her native county of Columbiana and the newer county of Kosciusko, ["he influence which close com- munion with nature in its varied loveliness had upon her youthful character was very marked and the early religious impressions made upon her mind and heart by the teach- ings "I godly parents had a decided ten dency in moulding' her life for good and shaping her destiny towards high ideals. In ommon schools she received a fair edu- cation and while attending them made ac- quaintances and formed ties which time has 111 1 dimmed nor circumstances severed. She grew up strong and healthful in body and mind and was early taughl the lessons of in- dustry and thrift which have had such a marked influence upon her subsequent ca- reer as a maiden and matron. < )n the 7th day of April, 1853. two years after coming' to Indiana, she was happily married to Air. Aaron Rockhill, a young- gentleman of blameless character, whose ar- rival in Kosciusko county antedated that of her father's family about one year. He also settled in Harrison township, but purchased an eighty-acre farm 1 >ne mile west of Etna Green, Marshall county, and it was on this place that the young c< iuple set up their domestic establishment and began married life. Mr. Rockhill was a man of much more than ordinary energy and but few years elapsed before he began adding to his orig- inal purchase. He possessed sound judg- ment and superior business abilities, and as a farmer took high rank among his neigh- bors, nearly all of whom looked upon him as a model agriculturist and regarded him with favor as a man of broad intelligence and a leader in enterprises for the general prosperity of the community. He continued from time to time to purchase real estate un- til he became the owner < if tw o hundred acres of as rich and valuable land as northern In- diana could boast of. part of which la\ in Kosciusko county and part just across the line in the county of Marshall. He was very fortunate in all of hi- business trans- actions and everything in which he engaged seemed to prosper. l'.\ successful mat merit and continual industry he acquired quite a respectable fortune, his real estate alone representing a value of over twelve th lusand dollars. Mrs. Rockhill proved an able and valu- able assj-tant to her husband in the labor oi clearing the farm, and deemed it not be- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. iieath her womanly dignity t" go into the ml gather and pile brush and attend to firing the I".lc heaps. She also made a full hand in tin- harvesting and haymaking, at tin- same time looking after her household affairs with the most scrupulous care, never inestic duty. Always cheerful and kindly disposed, she labored by ide of her husband ami made the time merrily while engaged in the \ ere and < '• >il. Much of the SU which Mr. Rockhill attained is directly at- tributable i" the willingness and self-sacri- mpanion, and when the b da) of prosperity finally dawrn shared with him its welcome rays and together they enjoyed the ample fortune which in the end crowned their mutual efforts. Mrs. lv ckhill bore her husband six chil- dren: Anna, bom April [9, [854, is the wife of Henn Plummer and lives in Etna Greet im February 7. 1858, mar- ried Amanda Beck and resides in Mar-hail cunty: Nathan I-'., whose birth occurred June .}. [861, married Minnie Porter and is a business man of Plymouth; Solomon born June 16, 1863, and died October 10, 1893: Homer, horn October _'a. 1866, married Lillian Hayherst and resides in the town of Knox, this state; Nora, tl est of the family, was horn on the 28th day "f • (ctober, i Xr She became the wife of William Wissler, who died Februan 21, . Inch time -he ha- li\ ed w ith Iter mother in Etna ' ireen. In hi- political affiliations Aaron Rock- hill wa- a Republican, later a Prohibitionist, and in religion he v ealous member il church. 1 1' ive in 1 work ami for t it) -live year- held the >S leader, besides til'' important official positions in the church at Etna Green. To him religion wa- seem- i- essential as the food he ate and the air he breathed: he wa- Student the Holy Scripture- and by living a life con- secrated to the service of the M wa- inspired t" noble I ac- tivities in his life and amply prepare the King in Hi- beauty and behold the land that is afar off" when the time came to exchange the church militant for the church triumphant. 1 le was a just one and when the final summons came. November 7. [899, he fearlessly entered the valley of shadows, cheered by the pres of I Mm who i> the "resurrection and the life." Since her husband's death Mr-. Ri ckhill has manifested tine bus 1 the management of the large estate and looks carefull) after the interests left in her charge. In the year 1890 Mr. and Mrs. Rockhill turned the farm over to other hands and retired from active life, purchasit neat and comfortable home in the beautiful village of Etna 1 ireen. where \ re- Like her husband, -he. to... 1- of a since 1 ' tire and her life has abounded in good work- in the church and among th< ing poor in the world out- side. Among her neighbors -he i- held in the highest esteem and she numbers warm- hearted friend- by t! in the town where she ding her declini She ha- experienced man) of man\ of it- triumphs ami is no\\ surrounded by those who I known an ed her for her kindly dis- n and sweep moral nature. She is i\\ n the t. wards the COMFEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY 437 journey's eivl, honored by all and cheered by a living faith in Him who in the after- while, when "life's fitful fever is over," will welcome her with the sweet plaudit, "Come thou blessed of the Father, enter into the y \ - i if thy Lord." FRANCIS M. METHENY. The gentleman whose name appears above is the descendant of a distinguished Scottish ancestry, in which country, Scot- land, his people had resided from very re- mote times. They were no doubt members of one of the famous highland clans, and took part in the wars by which Scotland tried for so many bloody years to maintain itself against the inroads of the British peo- ple. William Metheny, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was himself born in that country, and possessed all the char- acteristics of his historic race. When a young man he became convinced that he could do better in the new world, and ac- cordingly he boarded a sailing vessel anil after a few weeks of tossing on the billowy -Atlantic was landed safe and sound, though considerably shaken up, in New York liar- Inn-, lie made his way to Virginia and en- gaged in agricultural pursuits, and there he met the lady who a little later became his Alter their marriage they engaged in farming, and in the course i t time the fol- lowing children came to bless them: Ben- jamin, James, John, George, Andrew. Nancy, Mary and Lutha. William Metheny in time found that he could do better in the great West, and accordingly he first moved to Pennsylvania, where he remained for four years, and then came to Jay county. Indiana, in [838, when the country was very new and full of wild animals and almost as wild In- dians. He entered eighty acres of land in the deep woods and began with the help of his boys to clear off the heavy timber that covered the soil. There he passed the re- mainder of his days. His sou, Andrew, who became the father of subject, was reared on his father's farm and was educated in the old subscription schools of the neighborly « >d. During the war of the Rebellion he served for about four months as a member of Com- pany I, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Indi- ana Volunteer Infantry, being mustered out July 12, 1865. Fie married Miss Lucretia Oler, who presented him with five children. as follows: William, Enos, Frank, Sarah A. and Mary L. Upon the death of his first wife he married Miss Cynthia Spohn and by her has four children: Ellen. Jesse, Edgar and Edith. In 1850 he removed to Marshall county, where he rented land and there he still resides. He is now living upon eighty acres which he bought. He is a prominent citizen of that county and an in- fluential Republican, but in recent wars has voted and worked with the Prohibitionists. He is a man of strong convictions and high principles and would like above all tilings to see the sale of liquor forever stopped. He has been a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church since he was sixteen years old, and is a consistent Christian and an hon- est man. His s on, Francis M., or "Frank,"' as he is familiarly called, was reared to farm life by his father and received a fair edu- cation in the district schools. He remained une until he was twenty years old. On December 25, 1883, he wedded Miss Emma E. < leiger, a native oi this county, but to this 438 WPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY marriage there arc no children. They have 1 one child, a girl nan i ie P. Haney, After their marriage they moved to Dakota and remained there four - but ii ey returned to this county and lit ninety-one and a hi r homestead. Recently they sold this and bought eighty acre- in section 36, rd township, which they propose to inl- and make their future home. They are members of the United Brethren church, in which he has been class leader. ■ it of the Sunday-school, dele-ate to the conference, president of the township Sundaj si tion, etc. I Ie is a Pn >- hibitionist and takes an active pari fi r the principles in which he believes. He and his known, and ha highest respect of all who have the pleasure of their acquaintance. MRS. SUSAN S XKI'.I-'.U. This lath is the daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth 1 K< tartman. and wa- in Richland county. Ohio, Februan 1831. John Hartman, her grandfather, a nati I iermany, bul came to America and settled ill Pennsylvania. He was mar- ried in the latter state and to him were ln.ru children: Samuel, John Henry, Simon and one daughter. Isaac Hartman. who had in his early manhood learned the and to them were born five childn lows; Isaac, who died when only nil old; Julia, who became the wife of E. M. Baker an . who married William Mollenhour and now fe- ll Mentone; Su-.-m. - on. who married Mis- Martin and after her tth married Catherine Deardorff, lives in Warsaw : Jacob, who died when he was nine- n year- old. Isaac Hartman came from Hancock county. Ohio, to Kosciusko coun- Indiana, in the year 1851 a farm in Seward township. Hi- daughter ir education in < Hiio, an I ter coming I state w. - in marriage with Lyman Latimer on Jun» 1853. She lived happily with him until his death in 1862. On March 11. [866, she was united in marriage with Christian S her. The Sarber family is of German ;it. hut in this country hails from Penn- sylvania. They resided in Kosciusko coun- ty, where they had one hundred and sixty acres on section 35 in Harrison township. lo Mr. and Mrs. Sarber five children « horn, as follows: Xettie. horn July \>). .\ ife of Austin I • and lues in Franklin township; Anna, born March 8, 1870. became the wife of \\ . J. Blue and resides in Harrison township; Julia, horn December -j. 1871, married AI- t Win-:- - in Jo Grant county. Indiana: Isaac, horn Septem- 1.;. 1873, married Miss Myrtle Rock- hill and lives in Menti ■ Mr. Sarber was a kind husband and a en. I Ie nt prin- ciples and good morals and the world better for his having lived in it. He a member of the church, - ber, and he trus church at the time of his tember 1 tan- rat in politics and took much interest in of his party. I Ie was well I v all who had the honor of hi- COMPEXJUL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 439 quaintance. He was a farmer and stock raiser and was mora than ordinarily success- ful, and at the time of his death left an es- tate valued at about thirty thousand dollars. After his death Mrs. Sarber moved from the farm to Mentone, moving in 1894, and her daughter lives with her there at this time. She has a large circle of friends and takes much interest in the work of her church. ELMER M. EDDINGER. In these days of large commercial trans- actions, when credits cut a large factor in the daily round of business, the province of the banker is very wide and very important. The excellence of the hanks of the present as compared with those of the past gives to all classes of business men first-class se- curity for their deposits, assistance when the_\' are in need of ready money to move their business, and a means of exchanging credits that could be accomplished in safety n < other way. In a large measure the suc- cess of the present time in all branches of business is largely the result of the present banking methods. It is quite common for the stockholder^ of the banks to be business men of prominence in the community — farmers, merchants, manufacturers and pro- fessional men. all of whom are known to the depositors and their standing well estab lished. This gives stability to the bank and confidence t" the community. Such is the confidence in the bank of which the subject ■ rf this sketch is cashier. Elmer M-. Eddinger was born in Fulton county. Indiana, March 20, [864, ami is the -on of Frederick and Elizabeth (Burgh) Eddinger. The Eddinger family are oi Germanic descent and originated in this country in the Keystone state, where the father of subject was born and passed his early youth. He was brought to Fulton county. Indiana, when yet a boy and there he grew to manhood. He made the ac- quaintance of and married Miss Elizabeth Brugh, who had lived in the same neigh- borhood and had attended the same school. Their marriage occurred in February. 1863. and to them were born three children, two b iys and one girl, the latter dying. The two sons were the subject and his brother. Alvin I-.., who was born November 9. 1869. The latter married Miss Georgia Ferguson and they reside at Logansport, Indiana, he be- ing a conductor on the Panhandle railroad. The father was a man of learning ami piety, basing joined church in his boyhood, and bad such perfect control of himself that he was never known to lose his temper. He was of a buoyant disposition and always looked on the bright side of things. He died when the subject of this memoir was six years of age, July 3, 1870, and his funeral was attended by a large concourse of people, for he had many friend-. After his death the efforts of the subject were di- rected mainly toward assisting his mother, lie remained with her until he was sixteen years old, securing, in the meantime, a g 1 education at the common schools. He learned the trade of milling from his step- father, for whom he worked for five years for his board and clothes, receiving ten dol- lars per month. He worked four months for this wages, but in March, [881, he started for Illinois, having at the time aboul twenty-five dollars. I [e secured a job with a miller at Parkville, Illinois, for ten dollars 440 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. per week and board, which was much let- ter than he had done at home, lie worked thus for two years, and then came t" Sevas- topol in the spring "t' 1883 and found em- ployment in a grist-mill at thirty dollars per month and hoard. In September, [884, cured employment in the grist-mill at Mentone, the one now standing, which he assisted in equipping. There he remained until < krtober, [887, when he bought a one- third interest in the mill, the firm name be- ing Mentzer, Tucker & Company. In Feb- ruary, 1890, Men! I "tit t" John \V. Nichols and the firm name became Eddinger, Tucket ,\ l ompany. February 20, 1892, Mr. Fddinger sold his interest in the mill ami June _' 1 . 1892, opened the Farmers' Bank of Mentone. the officers of which were illows: V C. Manwaring, president; M. E. Hise, rice-president; E. M. Eddinger, cashier; I.. If Manwaring, assistant cashier. In [894 this hank bought "tit the Citizens' Bank, and then the officers became I. I >. Manwaring, president; M. E. Hise, vice- president; E. M. Eddinger, cashier; Allen int cashier. The hank has a paid-up capital of twenty thousand dollars and i- in first-class shape. In his responsible position of cashier, much of the burden of - of the hank fall- on Mr. Eddin- ulders, hut the responsibility could not he better placed. < )n June 10. [886, Mr. Eddinger was united in marriage with Mi-- Rosa \ . daughter of Milton E. Hise, of Sevastopol, and to this union three daughters were horn. Tural, born June 17. 1888; born September 18, [889; and 1 '.. born February 14. 1895. In ]>•■! Mr. Eddinger 1- a Democrat, bul not take much interest in party affair-. He 1 member of tin- Masonic fraternity, hav- ing been past master and has also been rep- resentative in the grand lodge three time-. I le i- the present treasurer • if the local lo Mr-. Eddinger is a member of the Baptist church of Mentone. Mr. Eddinger i- highly respected and hi- good name i- never called in question. LYMAN I.. MOLLENHOUR. This well-known farmer and stock r.: i- a descendant of one of the oldest families in the county. They came from Hancock county. Ohio, in 1828, or about that time. ..nl -ettled in the wilderness when there were not more than half a dozen families in what is now this county. It would he difficult to describe the country at that time. I >ense fori red the land and stretched away in every direction, untouched by the hand of man. The Indian- were -till here and were usually friendly enough, hut some- lime- were just the iv nd there was 110 telling when they might take it into iiead- t" dig up the hatel 1 go on the warpath. AT if game known to this latitude abounded, such ir, deer. wolves, panther-, etc., and it required con- stant vigilance t" save the stock from their depredations. It was nol safe for people to he in the wood- at night without tire. While all of the family were required to work hard in clearing off tin- big rush, yet tiie boys found plenty of time to hunt and the wild animal- afforded e.\C( -port. The father of the subject p through these ex] -. hut the subject came at a little later ■late ami missed some COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 441 of the wilder sport. He was born in Frank- lin township, this c uinty, January 6, [860, and 1- the son of William and Elizabeth (Hartman) Mollenhour. (For sketch of the parents see the biography of Amos T. Mollenhour in this volume.) The old Mol- lenhour farm in part is now occupied h\ the thriving town of Sevastopol, h is hard to realize that this place so short a time ag 1 was a wilderness, hut such is the fact which actual observers can substantiate. The sub- ject 1 if this memoir was reared in this town- ship '>n his father's farm. His father dying when he was five years old. he was put t<> work early to a>si-t his mother, and thus at a tender age became familiar with hard work. As he became elder he worked out and applied his wages to assist his mother. He was sent to school during the winters and managed to secure a fair education, his summers beng spent at work in farming. L'p m reaching manhi >< "1 he met and married Miss Mary J. .Morgan, daughter of John and Catherine (Sarber) Morgan, her par- ents being pioneers of this section of the county. Griffith Morgan was- born in Aus- tralia and came to this country at a very early day, settling in Franklin township, on sections 10 and 11. There he lived until the day of hi- death. His son John, the father of Mrs. Mollenhour, was reared and married here. To him and wife were born thirteen children, as follows: Henry. Til- den. Sarah. William. George, Mary J. ( sub- ject's wife), Hiram. Rosella, Griffith, Humphrey I... Jennie. Isadora and Charles. These children were reared in this county in the woods, where they helped to clear off the trees. To subject and wife were born children: Rosa I'.. horn June 14. [882, ie the wife of Vernon fones and lives in Seward township; Minnie M.. horn Jan- uary 7. [884; George E., horn February [8, 1886; Wilbur ( »., born December i<>. 1887; Chancy O.. born November 9, 1889: Har- vey II., born January i_», [892; Lydia C, horn October 30. [896. When subject was married he and his wife put together their little hoard and bought twenty-four acres of the old farm. He later became interested in the saw-mill at Sevastopol in partnership with his brothers. John ami Isaac, continu- ing for seven years. He then bought his brothers' interest- and continued in that business for a total of fifteen rears. He then bought the farm of one hundred am! sixty acres he now owns, of Sol Ansberger, and moved there in the spring of 1899. He made enough money in the mill business to pay for his farm and is now known as one of the substantial citizens of the county. Mrs. Mollenhour is a member of the Meth- odist Protestant church. He is a member of the Red Men's lodge at Burket. He cast his first and last vote for the Republican party and stands for its principles. He is re- spected by evervbodv. WILLIAM J. BLUE. I hi- young and enterprising farmer and stock raiser is the son of the old settler and distinguished citizen. James H. Blue, and was bom in Harrison township, this ty, October 15, 1864. His mother was merly Miss Phcebe Bloomer. His people are among the oldest settlers in this part of the state and are among the most prominent citizens. Many year- ago his grandfather represented this county in the state legis- 442 IPENDIUM lOGRAPHY. lature, ami hi- father, a man of robust am! intellectual ma ity. The grandfather here wl i unty was nothing but a wil and in the wilds reared his family to lives of usefulness and honor. Hi- the father of subject, distingu himself in all the walks of life and is toda) ecimen of the American farmer of the twentieth century. ew up on hi- father'- farm near Mentone and re- in and excellent moral training. The home life was pure a; and he became a man with bound- ring i" see something of the V down in life. 're went l" ; n [884 and remained nt eighteen months, workinj ily and inspecting the country return from thai \11ua R. Sarber, dauj •1 1 llartman ) Sarber, her mother being the widow of th< Lyman Latimer. Mr-. I' In her girlhood she re- 1 a fail • - borne her liildren: Zelda II.. August 31, t888; Tres born April a, R., born December 19, 1893 : Ralph \\ .. born July 14. [899. Mr. Blue ! upon the farm where he now resides. iltrtli of a mile ea-t 1 if Mentoi Harrison township, ami in 1895 lie 1 the old Sarber farm and I le 1- now condui era] farming >ns ami has been very mocrat in politics, .;• w grandfather I and i- "lie of the ficient workers is party m this portion of the county. wn-hip in o o -in entu 'ii- and in 1 ither w -\\< >w 11 liis 1 for pure civic administration. In the of 1 lar- township by a majority of twenty-four in a township whose normal Republican ma- jority is from twenty to twenty-five. This shows th ' in which he is held and the confidence of his fellow citizen- in his honesty and abilitv . MATH IAS W. LUTES This well known citizen is another of the nt boys who. about forty year- ago, en- the Union. 1 le was little more than a boy when he went out to fight his country's battles and during that ever ; le he was found ready tor 1 le did not enter the sen ic< did, fmni motive- of sport and frolic, but saw beneath the surface and that south was determined to break up the L'nion for the purpose of establishii , federacy of sla> e-hol< he had been taught to slavery and to do all I to obliti in front this :utcheon. 1 1 that when th( • precipitated the con- flict he wa- rea.lv to take up arm- to pre- the l'nion. Mr. Lutes wa- born in Fulton county. Ohio, Xovember 23, 1843, and 1 ilenn and Mary 1 Donut) The Lute- family are of German n and natives of Pennsylvania, ami I [enrj I he was Jit to Wayne county. Ohio, and there grew to manh 1 on hi- father'- farm. IK' atten >*ed ;i COMPEXPIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 443 fair education for that early day. Upon at- taining years of maturity lie met and mar- ried Miss Mary Donut, a native of Pennsyl- vania and of Germanic descent. Shortly after their marriage they moved to Fulton county, Ohio, where he purchased one hun- dred and sixty acres of woodland and be- gan ti > clear i iff the timber. He made a small clearing and built a rude log cabin and in this was domiciled his young wife. Here they lived and labored, steadily expanding the clearing and improving the farm, which he had entered from the government, until the spring of 1859, when he sold out and came by wagon to Harrison township, this county, and bought one hundred and forty acres in section 17. This he largely im- proved, and finally gave it to his children. He bought another tract in section 15, Har- rison township, and upon that land he spent the remainder of his days. He was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and ac- tivity, and was among the leaders of his community. He possessed great piety, and in early manhoed became a licensed local minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, lie filled many local appointments for years and was regarded as a man of singular jiower in the ministry. He served many years as justice of the peace and his legal advice was often sought by the citizens. He passed away June 5, [888, and his widow April 7. 1900. To their marriage four chil- dren were born, as follows: William D., who married Miss Mary Petticord and re- sides in Cass county, this state; Eliza A.. who became the wife of Thomas Petticord and is deceased; Mathias \\\. subject; Nancy P.. who wedded Simon Whetsone and iives in Harrison township. Mathias W. Lutes was fifteen years old 27 when his father came to this county. Pie had attended the common schools in Ohio, and continued his education after he came here. In July, 1862, when he was only nine- teen years old, he enlisted in Company A. Seventy-fourth Indiana Infantry, and was mustered at Fort Wayne. Indiana. After a season spent 111 camp of instruction he w :i- sent to the field in Kentucky. A little later they were transferred to the army operating around Chattanooga, and after several mi ivements of importance he participated in the desperate and bloody battle of Chicka- mauga, where the Union army was pierced by the rebels and sent flying back to Chat- tanooga. General Thomas, who saved the day, was ever after styled the "Rock of Chickamauga," as he was the rock against which the rebels flung themselves to com- plete the victory, though without avail. The subject was in the thickest of this fight, and this, his first important engagement, was a bloody introduction for a farmer boy to en- counter. He participated in the Atlanta campaign! and was under fire for one hun- dred and five days, during which time many battles were fought ami many hardships en- dured. He marched with Sherman to the sea and fought at the siege and fall of Sa- vannah. He then moved with his regiment up through the Carolinas. taking part in all tiie important engagements and witnessing the surrender of General Joseph F. Johns- ton. After this his tattered regiment, with torn flags (lying and with martial pomp, marched to Washington to he reviewed by the President and the great generals, thence to lie sent home to their happy families and their grateful fellow citizens. He was mus- tered out at Washington, 1). C, June 9, [865, after having served gallantly during 444 COMl'llS'lUUM OF BIOGRAPHY. years of desperate fighting and harass- impaigns. He did ii"t receive a wound during the war. I>ut because of disabilities there incurred now draws a pension o dollars per month. Two dates in connection with the military career of Mr. Lutes are indelibly stamped upon his memory. The first, April 9, 1865, was the surrender of the rebel army under General Lee. an 1 which caused great rejoicing among the "boys in blue," as well as throughout the North. Their rejoicing was turned to mourning, however, when, on Aj>ril 14. came the terrible tidings of the foul sination of the beloved President. Aft< war he resumed farming operations on his father's farm. December 24, 1865, Mr. Lutes was united in marriage with Miss Mar) I Kes- md t" this marriage six children were born, four of whoi 1 are -till living: Min- nie M.. who became the wife of Frank ijhton and resides in 1 [arrison township; Dora I ; --. the wife of Wilson Harmon, of township; Florence, who wedded Ed. Snyder and lives in Alabama; Mamie, un- man - in Clay township with h< bject's first wife died August 30, 1893, ami on March 25, 1895, he mar- ried Catherine J. * 00k, daughter of James •unty. lis union one child was born. Li I lie. born 14. 1896. Mr. Lute tl Re- in. 1 is i it chairman of the township and member of the count) central committee. In 1894 he was elected trustee of Harrison township and served till While thus sen ing he built twi and was the first trustee t<> build stone arches foi the luntry bridges 1 1 did a great deal to build up the schools, and upon his retirement was presented by the teach- er- with a line rocker in appreciation of his efficient services in bettering the scl lie and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, lie i- active in church work, and i- one of the most prominent men in this portion of I J( IHN VV. DUNLAP. In this country of ours it i- necessary -Mould follow the occupa- tion of farmii some milling, some medicine, etc. All are 1 sary to each other and form part- and iet) . There time when each family was almost wholly self-sustaining, when the mother made the garments and the father produced ad, but this old order of affair- has • away with by advanced methods more in accord with our pi ind insti- tutions. The farmer can not get along with- out the small store-keeper in his town un- der the new order of thin--- The - • likewise cannot get along without the farmer to buy hi- le dependence is mutual and required to till his po- sition. n W. I lunlap was born ii ton county, Ohio, March 8. [839, and is tin of William and Susan ( White I Dunlap. The father wa- horn March 13, iSu. and the grandfather, John Dunlap. wa- horn No- vember 7. 1789, and hi- wife October t8, 1, -So. They were married near Wheeling, Wesl \ irginia, by Rev. John Pickard June 13, t8u. The fall of the same year they moved and began farming COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 445 M'-. In tin: spring of t8i2 he enlisted in 0! e of the regiments raised in Ohio tor the war wiih Great Britain and was soon as- signe I to the army of General Hull, operat- ing in the vicinity of Detroit. When Gen- era! Hull surrendered his army to the Brit- ish Mr. Dunlap returned to his farm and re- sumed his farming operations. In the spring of 1836 he removed with his family to Coshocton, Ohio, where he resided until his death. The father of John was William Dunlap and his mother was Martha Gamble. whose ancestors were Scotch-Irish and were driven from Scotland to the northern part of Ireland during the famous Protestant re- hellion. William Dunlap was the descend- ant of one of three brothers. John. Samuel and William, who were sent out under the auspices of some society in their country. They settled near Philadelphia, and their de- scendants are now scattered over the coun- try. William Dunlap. the father of John W.. was a farmer and a resident of Ohio until 1854. when he came with his family le farm now occupied by George VV. Rickel, adjoining Sevastopol in Franklin township, this county. Upon that farm he continued to reside until the day of his death, August 10. [901. He was a man of much force of character and his good name was reproach. He wielded in his lifetime much influence in politics and religion. In Ohio he served as assessor, and in this coun- ty he served as postmaster of Sevastopol and .' - justice of the peace. He was a strict man 1 in questii ms 1 if morals and passed away with the respect of a large number of ac- quaintances. His g 1 and faithful wife preceded him to the grave by about eight years. The subject of this memoir was reared upon his father's farm, and was given a common-school education. At the age of twenty-one years he enlisted in the Union army in Company K. Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under Captain Given, and was soon afterward sent to the field in Virginia. He did duty at first in that state and in Kentucky and participated in several skirmishes. Early in 1862 he was taken sick, was sent to the hospital and remained there until April, when he was sent home for disability. Two years later he had so fat- recovered as to be read}- for the service again, whereupon he reported and was placed on detached duty and sb continued until June, 1805. when he was honorably discharged. He returned to Kosciusko county and remained until the fall of 1866, when he began clerking in a store at Sevas- topol, remaining there about one year. He then entered the store of Hudson Beck, of Warsaw, and continued there some consid- erable time. On January 8, 187 1. he wis united in marriage with Miss Martha A., daughter of Pierce and Mary (Shrack) Jeffries. She was born January 1, 1843. in Richland count)-, Ohio, and was given in her youth a common-school education. No children have been born to the marriage of subject and wife. Later in his business ca- reer Mr. Dunlap engaged in mercantile pur- suits in Akron, Silver Lake, and in the fall of [880 in Mentone, and there he rem until his recent retirement fr >m active busi- ness life. He is a Democrat in politics, but. asdic from voting, does not take much part in the struggles of his party for supremacy. lie and his wife are members of the Baptist church of Mentone. He was made a Mason in 1863 while at Rochester, Indiana, and now holds membership in Mentone Lodge, COMPENDIUM OF BIoCR.lfllY. No. 576. Hi- i> also a member of the remplar commandery at Warsaw. orne a blameless life ami has the : and gi od w isl '1 who know him. SAMUEL HAINES. No agriculturist of Jackson township, inty, Indiana, is better known or more appreciated for his personal worth than Samuel Haines, who is a si n of Jesse ami Elizabeth (Myres) Haines, ami was born in Montgomery county, < Hiio, < (ctober t3, 1832. The Haines family, as well as the Myres family, were of Gennan origin, rations had lived in Pennsyl- vania, and from Lam unity, in that the immediate progenitors of the fam- liose names migrated t<> < mio, whence the subject of this sketch came ;•■ Indiana. Haines was born October 21, 1794, and his wife May 2, 1*17. Jesse Haines firsl married a Miss Kem- per in Pennsylvania ami shortly afterward removed from the Keystone state i" the Buckeye state. He located in Montgomery, ami there his wife die'!. lie next married Elizabeth Myres, who bore him twelve chil- dren, as follows: Anna, born November 26, (824; M. M., 1 Ictober 9, [826; Cath- erine. Ocl 6, 1828; John, September 12, li. '• 'her 1 5, [832 : I >avid. September -'4. 1834; Sarah X er 16, [836; Rudolph, Augusl .;. 1838; Eli; October _'. [840; Leah, January 4. Stephen, April 4, 1045: and Jesse, February -' 1 . i i Jess tther of this large family, was emaker b) trade, but owned a small lot and house where lie worked bv the da\ at his trade for many year-. Later in life he shaker forks and rakes, hut. owing to the large family which he v 'i" ,r t. ne [uired ni' .re than a fair living, and both he and wife died in very moderate circumst this woi i Is are concerned. Samuel 1 lames, in consequence of heav; which his father I in his endeavor t" rear a large family tably, was early hired out by the year, and one-half of his earnings for a long time went t" his fath< half he retained in order t" pr with clothes. This meager salary amounted in hut four dollars per month for the first three his lain >r : the next two years he received live dollars per month, and then for a year earned si\ dollars per month. During these years ho was permitted to at- tend school three months each year, and be- ing very attentive to his studies and quick to learn he acquired a verv ucation for that early clay in the backwoods. In 1850, being then possessed "i sixty dollars in cash. Samuel Haines came Ohio to Indiana, driving cattle for s, ,me ■in I tvayton. < m reaching township, Kosciusko county, he located in II w a graveled highway. In 1839 he assisted in constructing the first bridge across the Eel river at this point, and this was done on a Sunday, although he was a member of the German Baptist church. Samuel Haines, the subject proper ol this biography, had born to him, by his first wife, seven children, viz : Stephen, John, Samuel A., Joseph. Manda, Noah and Sarah. To his second marriage have been born four children, but all have passed away but one, Rosa, wife of Ora Michaels, of Jackson township. Mr. and Mrs. Haines are mem- bers of the German Baptist church and are highly esteemed by their neighbors for their manv excellent personal characteristics. In politics Mr. Haines is a Republican. Mr. Haines' family are very comfortably situated in life, owing to the good manage- ment of Mr. Haines and the ready and will- ing aiil of his amiable helpmate. His com- fortable brick dwelling is an ornament to the neighborhood in which he lives, and his sub- stantial outbuildings are unsurpassed by any in the township. The splendid reputation which he enjoys is well deserved, and it well indeed if the township had a few more residents like him. THERON 1). Id" I l ERBAUGH. One of tlie most active thoroughgoing and enterprising young farmers .if Lake township, Kosciusko county. Indiana, is the gentleman whose name stands at the head 448 (FEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. of this biographical notice. He is a son of [j« \V. and Lydia i Miller i Butter and was born on a farm in Pleasant town- ship, Wabash county, Indiana, on the l8th daj of June. [872. Both the Butterbaugh and the Miller families were of German ex- traction, but the parents of the subject of remarks were natives of Ohio, from which >tate they immigrated into Indiana and settled down to farming in Wabash county, where they were among the most re- spected of the agriculturists of their respect- ive neighb irhoods. George \V. Butterbaugh was born in 1846, in Lake township, Kosciusko county, ami was also reared in the same locality. The Miller family came from Ohio when their daughter was about two years old. The two families settled in the same '"•ill 1 and the children were reared in close companionship. In his early man- h I G. W. Butterbaugh was a school teach- er, both in Wabash and Kosciusko counties, and this vocation he followed for Being now prepared t" en, hark on •a of matrimony, and having selected Miss Miller for his polar or guiding star, he wedded her in the fall of |S-, an( ] at "iice began housekeeping and tannin, rented land in Wabash county. Mr Butter- baugh was industrious and frugal, under- 1 his calling, and a few years later was able t- 1 purchase an eighty-acre tract just north of the William Butterbaugh place in Lake township, on which he lived until the spring of 1NN4. when he bought and moved upon a one-hundred-and-eight) -se\ en-acre tract just west of North Manchester, upon which he made the greater part of the im- ements and on which he still makes his home. Il<- is ci msidered ne 1 if the ert farmers in Chester towns Wabash county, and even thing about his premises fully justifies this reputation. 'I'her, ,11 I ). Butterbaugh is ■ 51 of the three i W. and Lydia \ Miller 1 Butterbaugh, the two others I Abraham and Esta. Of the latter two. Abraham lives in Chicago and is married to Lulu Reed: Esta, the m, is still and lives with his father, while tak- ing a course of study at North Manchester _e in Wabash county. Theron 1>. was carl) trained to farming ami has acquired a reputation equal to that of his father, tak- ing into consideration his still comparatively young years. He is active and enter] ■ and 1» e to that class ,,f young men us- ually denominated, in common parlano "•hustlers.'" 1 le \ ':is youthful days, in cultivating the home farm, but found time to attend the district school and proved to he an apt scholar. From the country school he was to the high school, and then t" the State Normal School at Terre Haute, where he was fully qualified for the duti< master. Theron 1). Butterbaugh lived with parents until his marriage. Januarv to Miss Mary E. Wright, who July 12. 18/6. This felicitous union has been graced with four children, namely: M.. who was l»>rn January 23. Rub) May. April S. [897; Robert I"... Au- gust 21, 1899; and Delbert Wright 17. 1901. Mr. and Mrs. Butterbaugh are mem of the German Baptist church, to the sup- port <>f which they contribute quite liber- ally, and are much interested in promoting its work as well as in advancing COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 449 perity. In politics Mr. Butterbaugh is a Republican and assists his party in a quiet way at the pulls, but has never in any sense or manner been an office seeker. He and wife are among the most esteemed farming people of Wabash and Kosciusko counties. in both of which they are widely known, and no one is better thought of than Theron D. Butterbaugh, the "hustler." WILLIAM C. THOMPSON. This well known citizen and old settler comes of a family that settled in the wilder- ness when the Indians still roamed almost unmolested and the wild animals had things much their own way. They were not only among the early pioneers, but were among the first of the pioneers, if not themselves the first, In fact on both sides of his fam- ily his ancestors as far back as known were among the first, not only to brave the wilds of the West, but were also among the first i" cross the ocean to the wilderness of America. They seem to have been adven- turous and enterprising beyond almost any of the other emigrants and pioneers. Will- iam C. Thompson was born in Lake count}. Ohio, October 17. [836, and is the son of Cyrus and Adaline (Harper) Thompson. The father was a native of Virginia and re- moved to Coshocton county, Ohio, at a very early period, there passing the remainder of his days. Many years ago, early in the set- tlement of the American colonies, three brothel's of the name came from Ireland and settled in this country. They located in the Old Dominion, but afterward, upon the first settlement of the new state of Ohio, they entered that wilderness to establish homes. The Harpers were also early settlers in Ohio, John Harper being the one from whom subject is descended. The great- grandfather Harper seems to have been an Indian fighter, or at least was one of the settlers to penetrate the western wilderness before the pioneers arrived. In one of his excursii ms he was captured by the red men and held as a prisoner for two years, lie then managed to make his escape and re- turned to his family, who had given him up for dead and were in destitute circumstances. Cyrus Thompson lived but rive years after his marriage, leaving, when he passed away, two sons. William C, subject, and George C. After the death of Cyrus the mother re- married and all then came to Elkhart, Indi- ana. This was in 1840, when the northern part of this state was a howling wilderness and the Indians were still here. The dense forests which covered the soil were infested with wild and savage animals and homes had to be cut from the tangled wild \\ I. They came out in wagons and had to cut their way very often through the brush and fallen trees. William C. remained with his step-father until he was seventeen years old and then began to do for himself. He be- gan by w 1 irking out by the month and thus continued until the Rebellion broke oul in all its fury, whereupon, unable to withstand the treason of the South, he enlisted in I pany M, Second Indiana Cavalry, or the Forty-first Infantry, and was mustered in at Indianapolis. He was sent to Kentucky and later, at Gallatin, Tennessee, was captured by the enemy and held several days. He participated in a sharp tight at Howling Green and continued to fight in many skir- mishes and swift campaigns, serving in all 45° UPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY two years and ten months. He suffered greatly from his arduous services and was honorably discharged July -. 1864, for dis- ability, when he returned to his family in Elkhart county, and took up the burd< peact. Ho now draws a pension of ten dol- lars per month. On August 19, 1852, Mr. Thorn] was united in marriage with Miss Sarah J., b Emery. S born ember 30, 1836, and is of German de- scent, her grandparents coming from To this marriage eight children were born. -: Two that died in infancy. George 11., Josephine E., William 11.. Mamie A., John 11. ami Austin 11. Mr. Thompson's tir-t wife died in 1873 and he 1 for hi- second wife Elizabeth Oberty. and upon her death, two years later, he weddel Luanda Milton, who was horn in Franklin county, Virginia, February 4. [833. When she was ten 1 -he was ght from Virginia to Ohio, thence to ay. arriving in [849 and settling near pol. where they remained for time and then removed to a farm three ■ of Mentom - first mar- ried to David Hubler. Henry Hubler, her ler-in-law, assisted in raising the iir-t cent in this county for the Union army. After -he wa- married she lived at Pali and by her first husband had two children. Mar; rl and Nellie lata. Mr. Hub- lied July 5. 1878. Mr. Thompson is ibstantial citi ■ 1 ninty ami takes much interest in publi lie is an influential Republican and ■ in the splendid principles >^ hi- party. lie 1- a member of tin- Masonic fraternity, joining at Elkhart, and being dimitted to Mentone, ami i- now master of Lodge N'o. 576 there. II' gh as a neighbor ami friend. Mrs. Nancy J. Milton, the mother Mrs. Thompson, died December 23, i> at the remark.i f one hundred and two ye 5 e wa- an early settler of | ci unty and was Christian lady and ;. member of the German Baptist church. She raised -even children to maturity. Her husband, Andrew Milton, was a nativ< Virginia, and moved to Indiana about 1 s He was e man. had no enemies and al- wa 1 word for ever) one. :h Mr. and Mrs. Milton were big teemed bv all who knew them. AM ASA (■ \R\VI N ID. This well-known and distinguished farm* de- scent, his anci ming fr< im land ah iut f< air generatii of Xew Je who came over were three brothi after 1 ime time twi them returned to their native country, but ither remained and from him an scendi ante in this coun- try : at least, no other of the name i- known to ha 1 an I ment !• re the Rev- nan war or immediately afterward. ard than did the) . E\ en New J< time wild, the woo >ut the tlements and Pittsburg were about the nents 1' I the vast e.xpaii MRS AMASA GARWOOD d^rruU^J ££ate 44/WZi COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 45' country stretching from the Alleghany mountains to the Pacific coast. William Garwood, father of the subject of this memoir, is a direct descendant of the broth< r who remained in this country. He grew up in New Jersey, his native state, and was reared to the life of a farmer. Upon reach- ing maturity he wedded Miss Alice Cole and to this marriage was born one child, John Garwood, yet living. Upon her death Will- iam Garw 1 married Miss .Margaret Scott, who presented him with five children, as follows: Joshua S., who married Miss Sarah Gaskill, yet lives in Stark county, Ohio, and is engaged in farming: Alice, the eldest, became the wife of Joseph B. Cattell and is now deceased: William died when he was five years "Id; Amasa. subject; Abraham S., who died when he was a small boy. About the year 1832 William Gar- wood left Xew Jersey and started for Ohio by way of the lakes. He was taken sick at Detroit and unfortunately died, and his stricken family continued on to their destina- tion and located in Stark county. Ohio, where the mother bought sixty-five acres of land where Alliance now stands. At that time Stark county was very wild ami the land was covered with dense timber which w a- filled with wild and savage animals. John Garwood, the son by her former hus- band, soon after the death of his father re- turned to New Jersey. After a time Mrs. Garwood received a proposal of marriage from Jonathan Michener, and accepting the same they were married, and to this union two children were horn. Jane and Hannah. Her second husband dying, she wedded again and outlived her third husband. Amasa Garwood remained with his mother until he was twenty-nine years old. working in the meantime at home or wher- ever he could do best for all concerned. ( >n September _»o. 1857, he was united in mar- riage with .Miss Mary C. Brush, a native of Xew York, and of German descent. To this marriage six children were born, as fol- lows: Minnetta J., born August 29, 1858, became the wife of William Nelson and lives in Fulton county: Alice L.. born August 17, [862, became the wife of Clanthus Borton, of Franklin township; Joshua, horn < »cto- ber 2, 1864, married Miss Matilda Baker and resides in Harrison township; Maud M., horn August 14. [873, is unmarried and lives with her father: William C. and Fannie M. are decease!. Mr. Garwood's first wife died August 16, [886, and on September 24, 18S9, he wedded Mrs. Mary E. Stuart, the widow of Charles Stuart, her maiden name having been Williamson. Eight years later his second wife died. In 1852 Mr. Garwood came to Indiana in the interest of a man who was moving out, bringing for him a load of household goods and stopping in Hancock county. In 1854 he again vis- ited this state and taught school in Turkey Creek township, this county, and two years later came again and taught a term < if schi m >1 in Harrison township. In 1N57 he moved his family to this county and settled on eighty acre- of woodland in section 35, this township, and erected a small loo- cabin on tiie same and began to clear off the timber. He afterward added to this tract and cleared in all about one hundred acres, lie steadily improved his farm, cleared off the trees and now has one of the besl farm- in this part of the county. lie has been successful to a high degree and is one of the county's best and most progressive farmers and citi- zen-, lie is well known ami is respected by 45- 1 \IPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY one who has the right t" call him friend. He is now nearing the other shore and in I f nature must sliorth take his departure, but he rests in the as- surance that his life has been worthily spent ;m- to eel) upon his own resources for a livelih 1 at an age when boys most need a parent's admonitions, he manfully a-- sumed the responsibility of his mother's and younger brothers' and sisters' I and that he discharged tins duty well and faith- fully is attested by those who were ac- quainted with the circumstances and who well knew the superior material whirl, en- tered into his physical, mental and moral composition. Mr. Neff was i;, rn in the town of Win- er, Preble o iunt) . < Hiio, M .- 3, 1*54. in of 1 )aniel and Susanna I - AetY. both names of the county of Preble, th sides of the fami'.v ■Acre >hio, settling Preble county when that part of the state y outskirts of civilization and taking an active interest in the agricultural development of the country. Daniel Xeff died when Henry E. was a small hoy. ing the family in such circumstances that the children were thrown upon the world at comparatively early aye- to provide for the mother's necessities and for those too young to he of an) assistance in the waj of procuring a livelihood, the subject worked at any kind of honest toil that he could find t" do and in his own language was "kicked around fn m pillar to post" for several years and compelled to undergo many hardships t ■ ■ earn sufficient means with which to rip- ply the modest wants of the family. The deep ami tender regard with which he Heated his mother and the younger mem- bers of the family and the many vicissitudes he experienced for their sakes show him to have been animated by true and motives. Young Neff continue ulder the responsibility of the faun rt in his native state until young manhood, when he moved to Miami county. Indiana, thence subsequently to the county of Elkharl tling in die town of Benton, lie secured a temporary home in that place and. as for- merly, turned his hands to any kind of em- ployment he could find and continue.! •k after the interests of his mother until her death. From that time until they wi old enough to take if themselves lie was the mainstay of his younger brotl and sisters, meanwhile earning the reputa- tion of an industrious and reliable young man and winning the confidence and re- . if those who employed him. the 7th day of August, 1879, Mr. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 453 Xeff was married to Miss Esther I. Hardli- ner, daughter of Isaac W. and Rachael i Foster ) Harshner, who came to Kosciusko county in the year 1861. Mr. Harshner bought a quarter-section of land near the village of Etna Green and became a pros- perous fanner and prominent citizen of thai community. He lived on the place where he originally located until his death and en- joyed the reputation of one of Etna town- ship's most enterprising' and prosperous men. He served in the war of 1861 and took part in a number of battles during that struggle. Mrs. Neff was born December 11. 1858, in Morrow county, Ohio, and was a miss of three summers when brought to the new home in the county of Kosciusko. She received her educational training in the public schools and at the time of her mar- riage was one of the popular young ladies of the neighborhood in which she lived. After his marriage Mr. Neff located at Etna Green and turned his attention to farm- ing, renting land in the vicinity of the town and prospering in his undertaking". Subse- quently he, purchased a good residence prop- erty in the village and continued agricult- ural pursuits mi land leased for the purpose until he hail accumulated considerable money, having been a careful and judicious farmer and a skillful manager in matters of finance and business. After spending a num- ber of years as a tiller of the soil Mr. Xeff sold his home in Etna Green and engaged in the mercantile business in Goshen as a gro- cer. This enterprise proved fairly success- ful, but not being to his taste he disposed of his stock after one year's experience be- hind the counter and, returning to Etna township, resumed farming, which he has since carried on with encouraging results. He is an industrious man and has greatly improved his place and brought it to a pros- perous condition, making of it one of the best farms in the township of Etna. Mr. Xeff stands high in the estimation of the people of his neighborhood and is never behind in enterprises having for their I object the promotion of the county's ma- terial interests. In a quiet and unostenta- tious way he has labored earnestly for the moral advancement of the community, being a man whose most prominent aim has been to benefit his fellows and lead them in the direction of right living. He possesses a deeply religious nature and subordinates every other consideration to the duty he owes to God as a member in his visible king- dom. For a period of twenty years he has been an active and consistent Christian and a member of the church, during which time he has filled various important positions. such a class leader, teacher in the Sunday- school and superintendent of the United Brethren church at Etna Green. At the present time he is one of the pillars of the Etna Green congregation and his daily life is an eloquent exponent of the faith which inspires him to do so much to spread the truths of the gospel and impress them upi 'it the minds and hearts of his fellow men. Mrs. Xeff is also a zealous member of the church, active in general religious work and a leader in the various societies of the loc i D mgregation at Etna Green. Mr. and Mrs. Xeff have never been blessed with children of their own, but some years ago they opened their home to an orphan boy, William Worley, son of Mr. \eif'~ sister, and lavished on him all the wealth of parental love. They gave him the advantages of a good education, reared him 454 COMPENDIUM OF BlOGKAI'lIY life of usefulness and at this time lie ■ egraph operator at Selba, Indiana. About one year since they t< « >k into their ehold a young i^irl by the nan;. 5l ickberger, whom they expect to to womanhood. This kindness to the unfortunate speaks louder than words in praise of the generous natures of these two sincere Christians, natures full of love for the Masl Mr. XeiY was reared a Republican and remained loyal to that party until ahum fif- i, when by reason of its vacil- upon the liquor question he withdrew his allegiance and became a Pro- hibitionist, lie i- an uncompromising emy loon and believes that the only way to successfully cope with the e\ strong drink and crush the rum power in •r\ is li\ stringent legislation to d that the aw ful curse shall no longer i -in iy tin- bodies and of men and entail untold suffering upon the imiler the -and Iy Mr. XetY 1- a clean, pure man. never havii es tobao ■nil-, while his private char- acter has always been unassailable. His lite may he safel) imitated by the young and the great amounl which he ha- done i'i the world will never be fully known until the la-t great day when the 1 k- -hall he opened and every man receive due credit for hi- w.rk-. his action- and his influence. ALBERT TUCKER. Thi- gentleman endid exampl< American fanner and With comparatively little to with, he ha- made a large fortune by shrewd and honorable business method-. He i- the leading farmer and -lock raiser of the county and one of the largest in the state. His farm i; almost like a principality, ami he i> cer- tainly a prince among farmer-. He younger brother of the old settler and farm- er. Horace Tucker, and i- one of the ablest financiers of this He was horn February 21, [831, anil i- thi of John and Mary (Warde) Tuckei of Horace Tucker elsewhere in this volume for account of the parent-. I The children - < parenl Horace. Aurelius, Albert, Serena. Regulus and I.i- vona. Albert Tucker was reared on his ther- farm and received an unusuall; E education, for his method- from his earliest childh 1 were to make t'' 1 portunities. He excelled in mathen: thus ai an early day showing his readiness with figures. All his education was secured at the old - during the win- tnd his summers were spent at hard work on his father's farm. Hi- la-t winter of schooli passed when he wa- nine- teen years old. Thi- was in Richland coun- 1 :io. where the old hoi When he wa- about twenty yeai r.arv. 1850, he concluded to -tart • -n t for himself and accordingly, in compam Abe Huston, came on foot t" Kosciusko count v. Indiana, hut 011 the way the roads thing awful and the tv men stopped and took a contract t" -inch stumps i'i -even days. By that time the roads had en and the) - continued their jour- Horace Tucker had preceded them. and with him they found a home until they could gel their bearings. Cpon hi- arrival ^/(Z-^-Sl^ /l^f ^ 2 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 455 [iere Albert Tucker possessed twenty dollars in money. His father had previously bought a tract of one hundred and sixty acres in Franklin township, this count}', for five hundred and seventy-two dollars, and this land he gave to his son Allien. This gave the latter a fine start, hut it required time and a vast amount of labor. At first he took jobs at clearing other people's land and when he was not thus employed he worked at his own. and in this way made his first clearing in the dense forest which covered the land. His object in working out was to get money with which to stock his farm and pay his running expenses. Mr. Tucker, as he progressed in the world, put his money as fast as made into land and at one time owned twenty-seven hundred acres, worth about sixty dollars per acre, thus mak- ing his landed possessions aggregate about one hundred and sixty-two thousand dol- lars. If to this is added his stock and other interests, it will lie found that hie was worth fully one hundred and eighty thousand dol- lars, all made by himself except the first one hundred and sixty acres given to him by his father. This shows what can he done by the American farmer who is governed by honesty and sound business methods. At one time Mr. Tucker was employed by the officers of the Nickel Plate railway to secure the right of way through two townships. He bought the land where the town of .Men- tone now stand- and laid out the lots in 188] and offered them for sale at from sev- enty-five ti i i me hundred dollars per lot. mak- ing considerable money at that venture. Ik- named the town Mentone, after a city in France. Since [897 lie has resided in Har- rison township. In [859 he began to raise stock of the better grades and ship the same when ready for the markets. lie made un- usual progress and put his money into land. At oik; time he was one of the heaviest deal- ers in Durham stock in the northern part of the state. His farming operations were a'si 1 very large. At 1 >ne time he had out four hundred acres of wheat, which yielded him ten thousand hushels and was sold. He had out as high as three hundred acres of corn. He has grazed on his own pastures as many as four hundred and twenty-five head of fat- tening cattle. This shows the enormous ex- tent of his operations. It is not necessary t< say that to manage this vast and complex industry it required ability of the highest order. Mrs. Tucker is a member of the United Brethren church. Mr. Tucker is a Republican, hut has never heen an office seeker. He is the strongest single business fat tor in this county and his honesty and good name are above reproach. On September 26, 1858, Albert Tucker married Mi~s Mary E. Frame, a young lady who was visiting her aunt. Mrs. Henry Black, where the subject first met her. ( hie child was born to this union. Alia M.. horn July 5, [859, who became the wife of Will- iam , and died in [895, being the mother of two children, Ocie and Earl. Subject's first wife died November 8, [860, and he then married Miss Sarah Blue, of Franklin township, and to this marriagi was horn John R.. horn May 5, [862, and died June 25, 1SO4. The second wife of Mr. Tucker died May 4, 1864, and he chose for his third wife Catherine McNeal, of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, to whom he was married Januarj 14. [866. To this marriage was horn: Norman, horn August 28, 1867, who upon reaching manhood first married a Miss Hanks and later married co.u/'/r.v/'/r.u of biography. Miss Nellie Creechbaugh, and lives in Lake township, tlii- county: Charles M., born July M>. [870, married Miss Sue Her and lives m Franklin township, being one of the wealthiest tanners of that township; Lee, born February 5, 1N74. possessed unusual mental gifts and undertook t" educate him- self better than the ordinary; he finished in 1 tin- county and then went to Ann Arbor and entered the law department of the University of Michigan. Greatly to the sorrow of all who knew him. he died June in. 1892. lie was a boy of promise ami would have made his mark in the world had ii"t fate ruled otherwise. Curtis, born September 4. 1876, died Au- gust _•-'. 1N7N: Nellie, born September [6, 1 ( ktober 16. [881 ; < >ra 1 .. bom 1, [883, married Miss Nora Sarber ami lives in Franklin township; one other child, the eldest, died in infancy. The third ubject died April 21, 1889, and on 1897, he married Mary < >dell, e maiden name was Baker, her parents Abraham ami Lethe (Huffman) Baki [ARLES BAUGHER. The gentleman whose brief life story is embodied in the following lines hails from the beautiful ami historic land of Germany, where his birth occurred on the .'4th day of [829 I le comes ■ f a family of farm- nd, until his retirement from life's active duties in 1902, followed tilling s.'il fur a vocation, in which he met with culminated in the handsome fortune which he now enjoys. Mr. rents were Charles ami Cath- erine Baugher, both natives of the fat! land, where their ancestors for untold g< ttions hail lived and acted their parts the world. In the year 1S47 Ch. Baugher, the father of our subject, and fam- ily came to the United State- and settled '11 Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where he lived until [860, at which time h< 1 of his possessions there and moved to Kosciusko county, Indiana. locating in the townshi] Tippecanoe, where hi- subsequently took place. The si\ children of Chat atherine Ba John, Adam. Catherine and Peter, were hum in the "Id country. arles Baugher, of tin- review, \\ youth 1 >f less than arewell I > of his ■ id and 1 the new world in quest of his fortune. In his native land he received a fair education and after becom- it 1 if the Unite IS e turned hi- attention t" carpentry, which trade he full' twed fi I le 'eft < Mil" in August, 1851, and camei" Kosciusko coun- ty, locating in Tippecanoe township. \C a carpenter w< in much demand. I [1 late with barely sufficient means t,, pay his way, his industrious habits, faithfulness and skill as a mechanic commended him t" the fa able consideration of tl 'he com- munity and it w. until he had ample work t" keep him busy tin ] art of the time, lie continued carpentry >me time after coming t" this county, ami by carefully - ■ purchase sixt) ti\ e acres of woodland in T twnship. upon which he eption of his wife, whom he married in the year COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 457 She was formerly Miss Henrietta Gugeler, the daughter of German parents who set- tled in the above township in 1847. Mr. Baugher cleared sixteen acres of his land and then sold the place for a liberal price, investing the proceeds in one hundred and nineteen acres west of Webster, about thirty acres of which were in cultivation when he took possession. By industry and ci nsecutive effort he gradually enlarged the area of cultivable land until he had ninety acres in a high state of tillage, meantime adding other improvements in the way of barns, dwelling and outbuildings until the farm became noted as one of the most val- uable as well as one of the best conducted placo "f its size in the county. Subse- quently he increased his real estate holdings by purchasing seventy-two acres more in Turkey Creek township, for which he paid three thousand dollars, and in all at one time owned one hundred and ninety-one acres of as tine land as there was in the count), which at a conservative estimate was valued at forty dollars per acre, and a part of it much more, every penny of which he earned after becoming a resident of the county of Kosciusko. With im- provements since added, together with the natural increase in the value of the land as tin- country became more thickly populated and ii- resources developed, his holdings in the county represented at one time over ten thousand dollars, in addition to which he had other property, both real and personal, which made him worth considerably in ex- cess of that amount. Of late years he has divided a part of his land with his children. endeavoring t'> give them a good start in life. Mr. Baugher landed in America a p niless boy. but rich in possibilities. Actu- ated by a laudable determination to succeed, he carefully matured his plans for the future and by working carefully along the lines laid out was enabled in due course of time to reap the reward of his industry and well- directed labors. His work at his trade proved remunerative and when he turned his attention exclusively to agriculture his habits of thrift as well as the systematic manner in which he prosecuted his work smi ,n made him one of the most successful farmers of his township. He always po>- se-sed energv, resolution and determination, and early in life shaped his course according to the motto "If you do not find a way, make one." That his career since coming to In- diana has been a highly successful one is well known by all of his neighbors and friends, and of these he has many. He has accumulated ample means simply as the re- sult of the growth and exercise of such qual- ities as industry, thrift, good management and a practical knowledge of the underlying principles of business. He always had an end and aim in view and by steadily and persistently working thereto finally reached the desired goal and found himself the pos sessor of an ample competency for his de- clining years. Wisely concluding that he had spent enough of his life in the pursuit of material things. Mr. Baugher, in 1902. turned his farm over to other hands and bought a beautiful house and lot in North Webster, where, surrounded by all that can in any way minister to his comforts, he is now e 'ling- his days in quiet retirement. Mr. Baugher's character as a man and citizen is without a blemish and it is to such sterling people as he that our country i- COMPEXniUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ted for n- ] nd pros- perity igricultura] and industrial lines. ind unassuming man, well en- id his many act- of kindness as wi fjenial manner won for him hearts of his fellow citizen-. ideally he has always been a Demo- crat, hut has never taken an active part in party affairs. He er held official po- sition, neither has he ever manifested a de- sire in thai direction, preferring the quiet ivrk of the farm t" the unsatisfactory l"t of the partisan and professional place hunter. In his religii • Methodi; which church his wif both j zealous workers and liberal contrib- utors. To Mr. and Mrs. B have been born -even children, only three of whom are § at the present time: John A., a tanner of Tippecanoe township; William F., who in farming and ig in the township of Turkey Creek: ami Christian, whose home is in tin K.in- — ♦-•-• — GEORGE V W ire lew citizens of Jackson town- ship. Kosciusko county, Indiana, \\h" stand gh in the esteem of their neighb \ ance. I le was born in Mont- is men county, <>hii>. January i. 1827, 1- .1 -nil of Michael ami Rebecca 1 Mills) Vance, ami is paternally of German descent, the nd father being the lir-t of the I'ani- il) to come to America. Helocatedin Penn- sylvania, whence, a few \ears late i t.. Montgomery canity. Ohio, where ed Rebe ' • .rent- were 111 nil \ew Jersey, of French descent, ami h.ul a family of thirteen children. Curless, John, 1 Mary, Ri Lucy, Harrison, Lucinda, Lettie A. Har- vey. William J. ami Joshua. Vance was reared a farmer and lived "ii the home place until October, 1S47. when he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Milliken, a daughter of Matthew and Anna (Heckathora) Milliken. whose parents were native- of Pennsylvania. To Mr. and Mr-. Nance have been born nine children, of whom, however, there are only now living, namely: William J., who born December 4. 1848, first married Mary \\ ' her death WAS united in matrimony with Mar. who 1: Dani< uary 4. [851, married Catherine Bollinger, and lives in Starke county, and George \V.. born August 17. 1862, m Effa Reed, and lives in Laki lip. At his marriage Mr. .hi rented land in ' 'hi which he lived until 1854, when he came t. . Kosciusko county, Indiana, ami b a farm of ninety-seven acre- in -< deep in the • :i which he erected a hewed-log house, went manfully t" work and cleared off the timber from the land, and assiduously continued his labor until he had earned enough money t>> pay for it. He now ha- a tine brick dwelling and a sul tial barn and all necessary outbuildings, and dded ti> his 11- until he <>wns a half section, and at one time v. twelve thousand dollars, all of which cured through his own industry and 1 lent management. In |X'htics Mr. Yam een a lifel crat ami has done all in hi- power to MRS. GEORGE VANCE COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 459 promote the success of his party at the polls. He has never sought public office, but in the spring of 1882, being very popular with his part\', was elected township trustee on the Democratic ticket and served two years in such a manner as to show himself to be a must competent official and to the complete satisfaction of the public. In religion Mr. Vance has been a devout and consistent member of the United Brethren church for thirty years and has filled the position of trustee with commendable activity and zeal. He contributes freely to the maintenance of the church and uses his influence in every manner to advance its prosperity. He is a whole-souled gentleman and a public-spirited citizen, and is ready at all times to use his means and influence fur the promotion of such public improvements as will conduce to the comfort and happiness of his fellow citi- zens, and there is probably not another man in the township who is held in higher esteem bv the population, regardless of all sects. politics or professions. JOHN A. MOCK. This gallant ex-soldier of the Civil war and representative citizen of Kosciusko county, with his residence in North Webster. Tippecanoe township, was born in Tuscara- was c<>unt\'. Ohio, June 28, 1S40, a son of John and Lydia A. (Sechrist) Mock. The parents were of German extraction and of ante-Revolutionary American descent on the paternal side, and this fact may. to some extent, account for Mr. Mock's own martial impulse- and predilection-. George Mock, great grandfather of John 28 A., was a native of German}" and came to America at the period when the colonies were in the midst of their struggle to dis- encumber themselves from the rule of Great Britain. His sympathies were at once aroused in the cause of liberty and he be- came a private in the army of the heroic patriots and rendered good and faithful service until it had conquered a peace which blesses his adopted country with liberty un- til the present hour. At the close of hos- tilities the war-worn hero settled in Pennsyl- vania, where John Mock, the grandfather of John A., bad his nativity. This grandfa- ther grew to maturity in the Keystone state and was there twice married. To the sec- ond marriage John Mock, father of John A. Mock, was born. From Pennsylvania the grandfather migrated to Ohio, where he purchased a farm, on which he lived until 1S47, when he came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, and. in April of the same year, set- tled one and one-half miles north of Web- ster on a tract of eighty acres which he had purchased while it was still deep in a forest and from which not a single tree had been cleared or even felled. Eventually, how- ever, he converted the forest-home into a desirable farm, on which he lived until death. John Mock, the father of John A., about the ^ante time that his father purchased his land in this county, bought eighty acres, also in the wilderness, where he resided seven years, then -old this farm and pur- chased and settled on what is known as the Quackenbush farm, where he passed his re- maining years. He was not only a farmer, but later became a preacher in the German Baptist church. To his marriage with Miss Sechrist were born the following named 460 coMrn.\pir.M of biography Martha, John A.. Polly, Eliza- beth. Samantha, Levi, Acia, Josep . Anna. Lavina, and Alfaretta. Of this family there living. n A. M<>ek was early trained t" a backwoods life and rendered much ance in clearing up his father'- eighty-acre farm, but did not neglect his attendance at the old log school house when opportunity was '. ' fctober -'-'. 1862, he enlisted in Companj '.. Second Indiana Volunteer Cavalry, under Capt. Lebo, was assigned t" tlie Army of the Cumberland, and fought at Shiloh; was in the Chattanooga cam- paign and at Chickamauga, and during the Rebel raid led by Gen. Joe Wheeler was n out of the saddle for fourteen consecutive days. The winter of 1863-4 was passed in nessee, and in the spring following his regiment joined Sherman in front of At- lanta. Georgia, which city was kept under Eje until its fall, when the regiment was sent : Nashville, Tennessee, under General Thomas, it was reorganized at Eastport, Mississippi, and sent with General VVils on his famous raid, then returned to Nash- ville, - finally discharged at Kd. field, Tennessee. July _'_'. 1865, the war hav- three months previously. Dur- »ervice Mr. Mock sustaii but und. and that a slight one, and was 1 duty. For his faithful service he ii"\\ receives a pension of eight dollars per month. ( >:i hi- return to his father's farm in Tip township, Mr. Mock hired the place for one year and married Miss Hattie James, a daughter of John M. James. This lady was more than ordinarily well educated and for several terms had taught school in K county. \fter marriage Mr. Mock located in Pierceton, where he was ged in teaming for two years, and emigrated to Kansas and rented a farm for two \ears. but was driven out by the g hopper pest. He next went l" lluntsville. Alabama, where he farmed two years. Here his wife died, her remains being in- I in tie cemetery of that beautiful city and Mr. Meek then returned to Kosciusko county, Indiana, in 1873. To the man of Mr. and Mrs. Mock >>ne child. Victor 1>.. was h,.rn in Alabama, March <>. 1873; he is now engaged in general merchandising in North Webster, Indiana, ami was married t-i Ida Middleton, March 27, 1893. They have one child. Ethel Harriet, born Ju The mother of this young miss native of Indiana ami was born at North ter. August 16, [871, and is thedaugh- ije and Barbara (Jarrett) Mid- dleton, who were among the early pioneers of Kosciusko comity, and he is probably the now living in Tippecanoe township. In [876 the second marriag John A. Mock took place, the lady of his choice being Sarah Myers, who bore him one child, now deceased. Her own death urred in 1886. Mr. Mock, who started his business life with nothing, is now worth at least live thou- sand dollars clear. In politics he is an il Republican anil has frequently rep- resented his locality in county, state and con- ional conventions of his party. Hi notary public, and has tilled several public ;s with credit to himself and to tl ■ isfaction of all concerned. During Presi- dent Harrison's administration he was post- master at North Webster; he has -, two full terms and a fraction of a term as township trustee and during his incumbency COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 461 of this office erected four brick school-houses in rural districts and one in town; he was township assessor three years. Fraternally he is a member of John Murry Post No. 124. (i. A. R., and formerly was commander of the North Webster post. He is recog- nized as one of the most energetic and enter- prising, as well as useful, citizens of Tippe- canoe township and enjoys the respect of a wide circle of friends, being a devout mem- ber of and ex-trustee of the Methodist Epis- copal church. DANIEL H. CARPENTER. In nearly every community are individ- uals who by innate ability and sheer force of character rise above their fellows and win fi >r themselves conspicuous places in pub- lic esteem. Such an one is the well-known gentleman whose name appears above, a man who has been identified with the history of Kosciusko count} - for over fifty-eight years, during which period his life has been closely interwoven with the material growth and development of his count}', while his ca- reer as a pn igressive man of affairs has been synonymous with all that is upright and honorable in citizenship. Many years ago Mr. Carpenter's pater- nal grandfather came to America from Ger- man}' and settled in Vermont where he reared a family and spent the remainder of his life, dying in a very early day. He had four sons and two daughters, one of the former being Harvey Carpenter, who left his native state when a young man and went to Xew York, where for a number of years he worked at his trade, that of a brickmaker. Subsequently he changed his residence trick yard and later turned his atten- tion t<> carpentry, in which he - [uired great efficiency and -kill. After working a few years for other parties, he bought "tit one of his employers, from which time for- ward he t«M .k contracts and in a short time became widely and favorably known as a --nil builder. Mr. Carpenter contracted for quit number of buildings in and around Web- ster, besides erecting many edifices of differ- ent kind- in various part- of the county, numerous barns, dwellings and public build- ings, which -till stand, atti 1- skill as an architect and workman. In the spri 1859, in company with several other par- ties, lie started on the overland trip to far- away Oregon, driving through with three yoke of oxen and reaching the Pacific coast in the following < (ctober. During the jour- ney he met with many striking experiences and not a few adventures which if narrated in detail would make an article of absorbing interest. He remained two years in the far west, traveling over a great part of < >• California and several territories and visit- ing many interesting place- along the blue I'.i 1 lie sea. Mr. Carpenter returned east via the isth- mus of Panama to New Y'>rk city, thence to I iusko county, which he reached in due time. In i86i he started a wagon shop at Webster. He "iterated for a limited period alone, subsequently working at the business in connection with undertaking, in both of which hi- success was very encouraj After several years he closed the w to devote hi- entire attention to under- taking, which he continued to follow with _e financial profits until May, i<;hio. Immediately after his marriage he rented a small house in North Webster, but two year- later pur- cha-ed the property where he now resides, improving the place in many way- until it became one of the most beautiful and at- tractive homes in the town. 1 le continued to look after his various business interests until [865, in March of which year he enlisted in Company om five children, namely: Alice C. born l>e- cember 13, [868, died December io, 1897; i lattie J.. I tecen ' 1871 . inarm A. Light, a merchant of Wilmot, Indiana, and they have one child Alice Ruth, born February [3, [900, the only grandchild; Stella A.. March 26, 1873, lives at home and for her father; James \ . COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 463 March 4. 1X7(1, also lives at home, and Nor- man II., whose birth occurred September ,|, i88_\ is still a member of the home circle. The mother of these children departed this life mi the 15th day of January, 1888. She was a most estimable lady devoted to her home and family and by her sweet disposi- tion and beautiful moral nature won the love and esteem of a large circle of friends. She was a pious Christian, a member of the Methodist church, ami her religious faith, which did so much to make life cheerful and bright, sustained and soothed her when she exchanged earth for immortality. Air. Carpenter has always been more or [ess interested in public affairs and his in- clinations and reading naturally led him into the domain of politics, although he has never been what is popularly termed a partisan. His father and, indeed, the entire Carpenter family were originally Whigs and later Re- publicans and on attaining his majority he wielded the elective franchise in support of the latter part}-. From his twenty- first year until 187(1 he voted the Republican ticket. but from that time his political course be- gan to be somewhat independent. Bound by no party ties, he supported the candidates who in his judgment were best fitted for the offices sought, but this did not prevent his nomination by the local Democracy in the spring of 1879 for the office of township trustee. Possessing peculiar qualification- for the position, be developed great strength and. his friends from all parties rallying to his support, he was triumphantly elected, al- though the township had usually gone Re- publican by an overwhelming majority. So faithfully and efficient!} did Mr. Carpenter discharge his official functions that he was chosen his own successor in [883, but two years later he failed of election by only four \otes. During his first term he did much in the way of general improvements, among which were two fine school houses, and be- fore the expiration of his second term the number of new school buildings had been in- creased to five. It i> generally conceded, ir- respective of party ties, that the township has never been served by an .abler or more popular public servant, his official record be- ing without a blemish. In addition to the trusteeship, he also filled the office of con- stable a number of terms and had he seen fit to permit his name to go before the county convention he doubtless would have been rewarded with more important official sta- tions than those which he ably filled. From 1854 to 1858 Mr. Carpenter carried the mail between "Warsaw and Millersburg, a dis- tance of thirty-one miles. He made two trips each week, going one day and return- ing the following day. Starting at Warsaw lie took in on the route Oswego, North Web- ster. Svracuse, Benton and Millersburg. Mr. Carpenter was made a Mason in 1865 and has been an active and enthusiastic member of the Mystic Tie ever since, hold- ing several important official positions in the local lodge with which he is identified, sen - ing fi >r a period of twenty years as secretary, thirteen of which were in succession. While subscribing to no religious creed, he is a be- liever in revealed religion and has always considered the church a great and potential factor for the moral and spiritual uplifting 1 if humanity. He is a liberal contributor to all ecclesiastical organizations and benevolent enterprises, although liberal in his views and tolerant of the opinions of others. As a man Mr. Carpenter is easily the peer of any id* his fellow citizens in all that constitute up- 4''4 COMI'EXnU'M OF BIOGRAPHY. tnd correct citizenship. He is a sive am] representative men of the county of clo-e and intelligent observer, has rear man. but rich in a well defined purpose to make the most of such opportunities a- pre- -ented themselves. For some time lie worked at clearing land for the insignifi- cant sum of thirty cent- a day and would frequently work at hi- trade far into the night when he could find any tailorii do. He had a vie institution and his COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 465 wife received a small amount of money which she inherited from a relative in Ger- many, and this enabled him to purchase fifty-six acres of land a short distance north- west of the town of Webster. Moving' to his purchase .Mr. Kline addressed himself manfully to the task of clearing- and pre- paring it for cultivation, and while thus en- gaged he continued of nights to ply the needle, by means of which sufficient money was earned to meet the modest expenses of his family. After clearing a goodly por- tion of the land he concluded to engage in the mercantile business at Webster, as the location was a favorable one for trade and the opening at that time decidedly auspi- cious. Accordingly he purchased a general stock and by carefully studying the wants of his customers, as well as by his agreeable manners, soon built up a large trade, which continued to grow in magnitude until he became one of the most successful country merchants in the county. Investing- his profits from time to time in land which in- creased rapidly in value with the growth and development of the country, he soon found himself on the high road to prosperity. He prosecuted his business successfully as long as he was able to manage his affairs and at his death, which occurred in 1886, his wealth was estimated as something over thirty-five thousand dollars. Mr. Kline was a typical representative of the successful German-American citizen and his influence upon the material and moral development of the community was decided and far-reaching. I lis liberal con- tributions to all religious and benevolent en- terprises became proverbial, and as a man and citizen none stood higher in public es- teem or did more to benefil his town and neighborhood. He was a pillar in the local Evangelical congregation and by far its largest contributor, giving freely his means to support the gospel and looking after the church with a kind and fatherly interest as long as he lived. In politics he was a Demo- crat, but he never had any inclination to en- ter actively into political affairs, contenting himself with voting his principles and let- ting others manage campaigns and hold the offices. Mrs. Kline survived her husband about two years, dying in 1888, respected by everybody in the neighborhood. She was an earnest Christian woman, zealous in church and charitable work, and proved a valuable helpmeet to her husband in his days of ad- versity and sharing in a modest and becom- ing manner the prosperity which came to him in later vears. Of the twelve children born to Henry and Christina Kline all are decease.! but the subject of this sketch, who was the tenth in order of birth. John Kline, of this review, was born December 3, 1846, in Tuscarawas county, < Ihio. When an infant he was brought to Kosciusko county, Indiana, and his earliest recollections are of the country home where, as soon as old enough, he was put to work in the woods and fields. He grew to young manhood strong and vigorous of body and thoroughly familiar with the important les- son of self-reliance. When only ten years old be began taking an active interest in the affairs of the farm, assisting to the extent of his ability his father, who at that time was in humble circumstances and strug- gling manfully to get a start in the world. Owing to the large amount of work to be done on the place, young John's education was neglected and he crew to maturity with IPENDIUM OF BI0GR.WI1Y. only a limited knowledge of hook-. Be- yond the ability to read fairly well and write a tolerably legible hand. his training did not go, but later, when he began life for himself, he t< >< »k down his old arith- metic and by close and careful study, aided iall) b) others, he mastered the or- dinary rules and became quite skillful as an mutant. The ease and rapidity with which he could solve intricate problems, pecially those pertaining to business, led his neighbors t" offer many of their affairs him for correct solution, especially such culating interest, making estimates and ether matters requiring more than ordinary mathematical skill. lie also read with avidity such books and papers a- fell into his hand- and thus in time became nol only practically well educated, hut widely in- formed upon genera] matters ami current events. In [867, when a little past twenty-one years of ige, Mr. Kline chose a companion in the person of Mi-- Elizabeth Zintzmas- ter. a native of Germany, who bore him en children: the oldest of these was Henrj I ., who married Aha Willis and re- es in North Webster; Frederick mar- ried Martha Hunt and resides in Pierceton; William married Margaret Makemson and makes hi- home in Whitley county, this te; Edwin !■'.. who married Minnie Hunt, i- a merchant doing business at Cromwell, Indiana; John }.. a miller 1>; trade, lives in North Webster; Marj 1 unmarried, is -till an inmate <el- lion, when he responded to his country's call for volunteers, enlisting Septembet [861, in Company B, Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered i>i ..t Fort Wayne and, proceeding thence i<> tlie state capital, was soon sent to the front in Kentucky, the Thirtieth forming pari of Buell's command during the campaign fol- lowing the battle of Shiloh. Mr. Morehead met the enemy on many bloody fields, among the more noted of which may he cited Corinth, Stone River, Chickam and nearly all of the hotly contested en- nents of the celebrated Atlanta cam- paign to Jonesboro, where his period of en- listment expired. After his discharge he returned home. hut. the war continuing in all its fury and the government needing the services of every able-bodied man. especially trained soldiers, he felt it his duty to tender his aid towards crushing the midable hosts that were putting forth every effort to dismember the Union. A' brief stay, he entered the army second time as member of Companj n the pursuit of ulture. He purchased the place. sistin§ »htj acres, and made it his In .me until the death of his wife in at which time he broke up housekeeping and lived among his children. Mr. and Mrs. Gerard had five children: Lawrence R., who married Clara Leslie, is a merchant doing business in Noble county, this state; Orlando F. and Malissa L. are twins, the latter now the widow of O. E. Little, for- merly of this county; she lives in the town of North Webster; Marcellus married Re- becca Cook and lives in South Whitley: William 1'... the youngest, married Lizzie 1/ and at the present time is eng in the livery business at Pierceton. The Subject of this review was but five • •Id when deprived of a mother's guidance and solicitude, after which he and his twin sjstcr became inmates of their grandparents' home. Under their hospit- able roof he grew to maturity, meanwhile attending the district schools and when not thus engaged assisted with such work as was required on the farm where his youth- ful years were s|K-m. lie remained with his relatives until his marriage, which was solemnized with Miss Lavina Mock, <1 ter of John Mock, who was one of the early settlers and prominent citizens of the township of Tippecanoe. For one year fol- lowing their nuptials Mr. and Mr- G lived on the Mock farm and at the expira- tion of that period rented a place in Tippe- e township, on which they reside 1 about th( length of time, then mov- . Whitlej count) Mr. Gerard farmed in that count) n and then pur- 1 forty acres m Tippecanoe township. i' which he moved in [883 and which lie cultivated until 1885, when he abandoned agricultural pursuits ami accepted a clerk- ship with J. F. Bockman, who kept a eral store in the town of North Webster. After continuing in the capacity of - man three years he and J. A. Mock became partners and soon afterwards erected a hrick block in North Webster, which stocked with a miscellaneous as nient of merchandise ami the following en years ,lj,l ;i large ami lucrative business, during four years of which time the subject was assistant postmaster. sequently Mr. (ierard went to Piei and worked for one year in the general st. .re of William McXamara. hut afterward returned to North Webster, where, after gnation of Jacob Dullinger as post- ■ r, he was appointed to till the vacancy and had charge of the office until June _•. 1902, when he resigned, having been ularly appointed in May. 1896, and reap- pointed in October, 1901, proving himself a most capable and obliging public servant. Mr. Gerard is a man of splendid ! ness ability and has managed with judg- ment and skill the various enterpris< which he has been engaged, lie has always endeavored to be in sympathy with the best interests of the community in which he lives ami his public spirit lias prompted him to take a leading part in many movements hav- ing for their object the general good. Not- withstanding a rather unpropitious fo ning, by assiduous attention to business ami probity of life he surmounted man) ob- stacles in the pathway of success and | nally forged to the front until he not only COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 47 1 found himself the possessor of a handsome property, but occupying a conspicuous place in the confidence and esteem of the public as well. He has assisted in promot- ing the prosperity of the thriving town in which he now resides, at the same time aid- ins; greatly in developing the resources of his township and county, using his means as well as his influence to bring this highly favored section to the notice of investors and home seekers. Mr. Gerard, although a man of wide information and strong convictions, is not v. hat would lie termed a politician, al- though he has always manifested a lively interest in party affairs, voting the Repub- lican ticket ever since attaining his majority. He joined the Methodist church a number of years ago and ever since becoming a member has been earnest and zealous' in religious work. He has been class leader in the congregation worshipping at North Wehster. also superintendent of the Sun- day school, in l.oth of which capacities his services have been very effective in pro- moting the cause of religion in the com- munity. His daily life, which is in per- fect harmony with the faith he professes, hears eloquent testimony to the genuineness and force of the gospel as a great moral and spiritual agency. As a neighbor and citi- zen he has long enjoyed an enviable reputa- tion and his career throughout lias been suc- cessful and remarkably free from criticism, which fact is due largely to his energy of disposition, uniform probit) of character and an earnest desire to discharge his everv duty as he shall answer to his conscience and his ( iod. Mr. and Mrs. Gerard have not been 1 lessed with any children of their own. hut they have furnished a home for an adopted daughter. Bertha Gerard, who was horn in the year 1887. This young lady has been reared and educated under their care and she is the recipient of the same favors and solicitude that would lie meted out to a child of their own flesh and blood. Mrs. Gerard is her husband's able and faithful assistant in his religious and moral work f< >r the good of the community. XAT. \Y. KLIXE. The history of Kosciusko county is not a very old one. It is the record of the steady growth of a community planted in the wilderness within the last century and has reached its magnitude of today without other aids than those of industry. The peo- ple who redeemed its wilderness fastnesses were strong-armed, hardy sons of the soil w in 1 hesitated at no difficulty and for whom hardships had little to appall. The early pioneers, having blazed the path of civili- zation to this part of the state, finished their labors and passed from the scene, leaving the country to the possession of their de- scendants and to others who came at a later period and builded on the foundation which they laid so broad and deep. Among the latter class is the prominent farmer and en- terprising citizen by whose name this article is introduced. While his arrival was n A as early as some, yet he came in the forma- tive period and has done much to develop and advertise to the world the wonderful resi mrces of a count} - that now occupies a proud position among the most progressive and enlightened sections of Indiana. COMPENDIUM OP BIOGRAPHY. Xat. \\ . Kline was Kirn Maj 13, 1831, in Tuscarawas canny. Ohio, ami is of John and Elizabeth Kline, nativi Pennsylvania and New Y"t'k. respectively. In an early day the ancestors of the Kline family in America tame from Germany and settled in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, where the subject's father was bom and grew to young manhood. With his parents he then went to Tuscarawas county, Ohio, when that part of the State was a new and comparatively undeveloped country and there lived the life of a successful farmer. marrying Elizabeth Musser, whose parents were also among the early pioneers. Sub- sequently he bought the old Musser home- stead, consisting of "tie hundred and fifty , where he reared his family and upon which Kith he ami his wife afterwards died. Eleven children were born to |<>hn and Rliz- abeth Kline. Timothy, Samuel <".. John, Philip, Jacob, Michael. Daniel. Xat. W. and three, one son and two daughters, that died in infancy. Xat. W. Kline was reared t" manhood in hi- native county and Mate and early de- cided to follow agriculture for a life work. When a young man he married Mi-- Hen- rietta Van Dawson, of Stark county, Ohio, and for one and a half year- thereafter lived on the home place which he cultivates cm the -hare-. At the expiration of that time hi- wife wa- called to the other world, and subsequently, March. 1853, he entered into the marriage relation with Mi-- Cath- erine Zintsmaster, daughter of John and Philipine 1 lice ) Zintsmaster, who came to this country from Germany when Mrs. Kline wa- one year old. These parent- set- tled in Stark county, Ohio, and there the subject's wife grew to maturity and re- ceived a good education in the best -ch that part of the state afforded. In the fall of 1854 Mr. Kline moved t<> Kosciusko county. Indiana, and settled in Turkey ''reek t<.wn-hip on a piece of 1. which he received in exchange for his in- teresl in a saw-mill in Fulton county. Ohio. lie at that time also owned eighty acre- land in Pulton comity. Ohio, forty of which were received h\ hi- father a- a grant for services ldier in the war of [812 and which he had purchased fn m his father. Subsequently Mr. Kline traded his land in 1 )lno for eighty acre- adjoining his original eighty in this county, making in all a farm •ne hundred and sixty acre- and in one body, and in 1864 he purchased eighty a. more adjoining thi- on the east. Hi- pi in Turkey Creek township consisted of two hundred and forty acre-, upon which but little improvement worthy of mention hail ■ been made prior to his taking possession. In due time, by hard and long-continued toil, he cleared and fitted for cultivation seventj and built a tine residence, which wa- destroyed by lire while he absent in the army. Some time after hi- vi turn from the war Mr. Kline -old the place and purchased a tine farm of one hun- dred ami seventy- four acre- a short dis- tance south of North Webster, on which he erected a good dwelling and other build- ings, making it one of the best cultivated and most valuable farm- in that part of the county. Subsequently lie bought an addi- tional hundred and fort} acre- and -till later. by trading two hundred and sixty-nine a. for eighty acre-, lie received four thousand dollars in cash, and from the -ale of another hundred-and-twenty-acre tract he received jit thousand dollars in money. Mean' COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 473 Mr. Kline came into possession of land in Missouri and in the spring- of 1883 he moved to Jasper county, that state, where he continued to reside until 1900. when he returned to Kosciusko county and pur- 1 the home in North Webster which he m >w 1 'Ccupies. Mr. Kline has been a successful farmer and stuck raiser, everything prospering to which he turned his hand. By skillful man- agement he acquired a large amount of val- uable land in this county and elsewhere. He possesses ability of a high order and the prosperity which has always attended him demonstrates a si mud judgment and clear insight into financial matter- such as few farmers attain. When the great Civil war broke out Mr. Kline showed his patriotism and love of country by enlisting in Company B. Thir- tieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, mustering at Fort Wayne and proceeding via Louis- ville to Tennessee, where the regiment joined the command under General Buell in time to take part in the bloody battle of Shiloh. On the 7th day of April. 1862, Ik received a painful wound on the left leg which disabled him for further active serv- ice; as si ,011 a- sufficiently recovered he was sent to Indiana to recruit for the regiment and while thus engaged secured twenty-two men from North Webster and vicinity and sent them to the front. He did this w< irk while suffering greatly from his injury, be- bliged to use crutches at the time and with the aid of these getting about only with much difficulty. By reason of his disability he did not complete his term of enlistment, receiving his discharge at Indianapolis on the 15th day of January. 1863. Mr. Kline proved a brave soldier and his record is re- plete with duty gallantly performed. I It- suffered much for his country, having never recovered from his wound, and at the pres- ent time he receives from the government a 01 of ten dollars per month. Since the war Mr. Kline has devoted himself closely to his business affairs, with results already indicated. He is now one of the financially strong and reliable men of the county, also one of its most intelli- gent and enterprising citizens. Deeply in- terested in the material development of his township, he takes an active part in public affairs and lends his influence to any and all enterprises which promise to promote the general prosperity of the community. He has been a supporter of the Republican party ever since old enough to vote and in his younger days took quite an active part in politics, but of late contents himself with merely exercising the elective franchise. He served four years as justice of the peace and filled the office of township trustee eight term-, during which time he did much in the way of improvements, devoting con- siderable attention to the highways, bridges, etc.. besides building and equipping some of the best schoolhouses in the county. His official record is without a blemish and the public, irrespective of political affiliations, bears testimony to the able and impartial manner with which he looked after the peo- ple's interests. Mr. Kline's first marriage was without issue. His present wife has borne him seven children, namely: Alice C. wife of T. E. Mcgranahan. of Joplin, Missouri; John R. married Fannie Gawthrop and lives i:i the town of North Webster: Nathaniel J., an attorney at law. practicing his pro- fession at North Webster, married Susan ■nunm • • mar - " »-■ - ■ re i "'■ W. W. WORLEY FAMILY GROUP COMPEXDIL'M OP BIOGRAPHY. 475 then branched out into the railroad busi- ness. He learned telegraphy in Silver Lake and worked as supply operator and agent in various towns on what is now the Michigan division of the Big Four railroad for about a year. He then took an agency at Urbana, next at Silver Lake and then accepted the agency at Claypool, in which position he re- mained for twelve years. During all this time he was especially favored with success and health, which allowed him to he on duty constantly, never losing a month's pay. He was shipping agent also and in reward for his faithful attention to all duties he was held in high esteem by the officials. He re- signed this position to accept the office of trustee of Clay township, having been easily elected to that place on the Republican ticket. His term of five years and three months ex- pired in September. 1900. During this time he built the new school house in Claypool, a high school was added and the school graded, making the educational advantages of Claypool second to none in the county. excepting those of Warsaw. In the im- provement of roads he erected the first stone arch bridges ever used in the township, and his example is still followed. He lias been active in political work for years and is considered one of the public- spirited men of the town. In April. 1889, he invested in his home farm, which, with hired help, he has improved and cultivate 1. having cleared considerable of the land and laid tile drain. This farm contains one hundred and forty-five acres. He own- a second farm of eighty aero, both being de- voted to stock farming. This business has become Mr. Worley's specialty ami lie take- great pride in raising line cattle, sheep and hogs. As a member of the firm of Cald- 29 well, Leigh & Worley, he has handled a great deal of stock, buying, selling and ship- ping. He is also a member of the firm of Worley, Rhoades & Jamisen, which deals in horses. Their barns are located on a farm and they buy horses for the eastern mar- ket, which has proven a profitable business. During 1900 the firm handled seven hun- dred horses. Mr. Worley was married. February 20, 1886, to Mis- Angynettie Bloom, of Clay- pool. She was born in Kosciusko county, Indiana. November J4. 1864, her parents be- ing John and Nancy ( Berkstresser ) Bloom, both now deceased. Her father was born in Hollensberg. Germany, April j_\ 1820, and died at the home of his daughter. Mrs. Worley, in February. 1901. He followed the pursuit of farming, and in politics was a Democrat. Mrs. Bloom was born in Yates county. Xew York. September 18, 1825. and died March 31. 1894. Both were members of the German Lutheran church. Mrs. Worley was educated in the common schools of this county and is a lady of marked intelligence ami genuine worth. By her wise counsel and encouragement she has proven a true helpmate to her husband, as- sisting him nobly in the establishment and beautifying of their home. She is a mem- ber of the United Brethren church, with which he is also in sympathy. They have four children. Winnie Winona, Faun Edna, Frankie Foss and George Eleanora. Win- nie will graduate in the class of hjoj at Claypool, Faun is a member of the seventh grade, Frankie is a member of the fourth grade and all have taken musical instruc- tion. Mr. and Mr-. Worley possess ne of the complete and best-selected family li- MPENDIUM OF BIUUUAI'UY braries in the southern part of the county. Encyclopedias, histories, biographies and works by all the leading authors gra< shelves of their library ami prove an im- portant adjunct to the education of their children. Fraternal!) Mr. Worlej bi to L dge X". 73, F. & A. M., at Warsaw, and is also a charter member of Tent No. 83, l\. ( ). T. M.. at Claypool, having held at offices of record keeper, chaplain and ser- geant. Mrs. Worlej is a charter member of Tent \"m. 103, I. O. T. M., at Claypool, and has held the positions of chaplain and commander, being at present inside guard. DA\ ID HAMMAN. The gentleman whose name initiates this article is a native of < >hio, a state which •.•en the cradle of much of our w< civilization and upon which the common- wealth of Indiana Iris largely drawn for its in.'-', enlightened, enterprising and pro- gressh e citizenship. Going still further hack in the family hfetory, it is learned that his paternal grand- father in an early day left the vine-clad hill of Germany and joined the tide of emigra- tion to the free land of America, settling in Pennsylvania, where Jacob Hamman, fa- ther of the subject, was born and reared. In young manhood Jacob took up his abode in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and there met and married Elizabeth Mock, who bore him eieven children, nearly all of whom grew to mature years and became useful men and women. In 1849 he came t" Kosciusko county and settled in Turkey Creek town- ship, where he purchased a farm upon which he spent the remainder of his life. he and his g 1 wife dying after reaching beyond those allotted to the majority of mankind. David Hamman was bom February 16, in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and at _<.■ of twenty accompanied hi> parents to the new home in the county of Kosciusko. Prior to that time he attended such sub- scription schools a> his native county af- forded, but after coming to Indiana he re- ceived m> educational training worth) of note, his time being taken up with such labor as an unimproved farm in a com- parative!) new country required. From hi* arrival in Kosciusko until the present day he has been intimately concerned with the best interests of the country as one of the foremot promoters of its prosperity and substantial development, and he now occu- | ies a conspicuous place, not only as a lead- irmer of the community in which he resides, but also as one of Tippecanoe town- ship's estimable and representative citizens. Mr. Hamman remained with his parents until twenty-nine years of age, meantime, from his twenty-first year, farming the home place f'T a part of the proceeds ami looking after his father's interests. In Au- gust, 1 of ki. he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah M. Pontius, daughter of Abra- ham and Sarah M. (Rolland) Pontius, na- tives of Pennsylvania, who in the fall < >f 1S44 moved to Kosciusko county and set- tled in the township of Tippecanoe. Some- time previous to his marriage Mr. Hamman bought a place in Tippecanoe and to it he k hi- bride and began life in the wo. but little improvement having been made on the farm before he set up his first do- mestic establishment. By close application COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 477 he established those habits of industry and frugality which insured his success in later years. With the able assistance of his es- timable companion he sunn extended the area of cultivable land and in due time found himself upon the high road to pros- perity with a g'ood farm in his possession and many of the comforts and conveniences of life surrounding' him. Mr. Hamman has always followed agricultural pursuits for a livelihood and is regarded as an enter- prising and typical farmer. His thorough system of tillage, the good order of his fences, the well-cared-for condition of his fields, the commodious and comfortable buildings all demonstrate his successful management and substantial thrift. Since his marriage he has lived on the farm which he now owns and his long residence in the community has won for him a very high place in the confidence and esteem of his many neighbors and friends. In every re- lation of life he has always been regarded as a representative citizen, discharging every duty devolving upon him with com- mendable fidelity and proving himself worthy the large measure of respect with which he is treated by all who know him. Mr. Hamman has the satisfaction of knowing that every dollar he owns has been earned by his unaided efforts. Having a large family to provide for, his father could do little for his children when they started out to make their own fortunes, consequent- ly each one was obliged to rely entirely upon his individual resources. Endowed with a liberal share of good common sense and possessing sound judgment, backed by a well founded purpose to succeed, Mr. Hamman has labored with the object pri- marily in view of making a good home for himself and family and acquiring a com- petency for his declining vears. This laud- able desire has been realized and he is now in easy circumstances with a sufficient sur- plus for the proverbial "rainy day," which sooner Of later comes to every individual. Mr. and Mrs. Hamman are the parents of six children, namely: Daniel, deceased; Lucinda, wife of William Smalley, of Alex- andria, this state; Amanda married John Brown, of Turkey Creek township ; Will- iam married Dollie Angel and lives on the old farm; Ira married Elizabeth Arnold and follows farming and stock raising in Xoble county; and Jesse, a farmer of Tippecanoe township, married Miss Eva Rolston. Having accumulated a sufficiency of the world's goods to render the remainder of his and his wife's days comfortable and free from care, Mr. Hamman turned his farm over to his son and is now practically retired from active life. He has always been deeply interested in whatever tends to promote the prosperity of his township and county and to him as much as to any one man is the community indebted for the ma- terial development for which it has long been noted. He has also used his influence in behalf of all moral and benevolent enter- prises, being a friend and liberal patron of the church, which he believes to be the most potential factor for substantial good the world has ever known or will ever know. The German Baptist denomination repre- sents his religious belief, to which excellent body both himself and wife belong. As a good and intelligent citizen he takes much interest in political affairs, voting with the Republcan party, the principles of which he - ■ . - craf we: appears :r a ■ - wfcc ■ a < tr an: i • «:e»i irr»: sat -«w atrrv - :-- rpie. be - -, - • .- COMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY 479 numerous instances of trouble growing of incorrect surveys which marked the early settlement of West Virginia and several other southern states. Realizing that he would be obliged to turn the land over to egal owner. Mr. Johnson made the most of a had situation by selling his im- provements to another party and in 1833 coming to the new country of northern In- diana. Leaving his family in "West Vir- ginia, he started on a tour <>i observation with the object in view of rinding a f ■cation where land could be cheaply obtained. He walked through the wilder- Ihio and Indiana until he reached what is now Plain township. Kosciusko county, where he met some friends from •Id neighborhood in West Virginia, with whom he stayed until he traveled • >ver a large part of the surrounding country, noting its advantages and disadvantages as a place for a home. Being well pleased with the richness of the land, he selected a location on the government domain and then started on his return trip of five hundred miles, which he completed in just ten and a half days. Remaining that winter with imily, he returned to Indiana the fol- lowing spring and pur out a crop of corn on Turkev Creek prairie, after which he again went back to West Virginia on foot for the purpose of bringing his family to the new home in the wilds of Kosciusko county. Loading his few l>eIongings on a wag Mr. Johnson and his family started on the lay of October. 1834, for their future home, which, after a long and toilsome journey, in the face of many obstacles, they reached on the T-t day of November of that year, and immediately thereafter began making preparation- for permanent settle- Lmilj -pent the following win- ter in a little cabin that had been previously by a temporary settler and in March. [835. Mr. Johnson erected a log house of - >wn on one hundred and sixty acre- of land in section 9 of congressional township 33, but in what is now known as the civil township of Tippecanoe. By hard and al- unremitting toil he succeeded that spring in putting out five acre- of corn and vegetables, which the following summer and fall yielded an abundant crop. Isaac a lad of eleven years at the time and did his full share in helping clear the land ami tending the crop during the summer season. Before the summer was half gone the entire family was taken with the ague, a disease then prevalent throughout Indi- ana. With no physician nearer than fifteen or twenty miles and no neighbor to min- ister to their wants or alleviate their suffer- ings, their condition was distressing in the extreme. During the first spring- and -11111- mer they saw but two white women and the nearest neighbors, who lived several miles away, were so afflicted with the prevailing sickness as to be unable to render any assist- ance whatever. But all evils must end. - or late, and so it proved in the case of Mr. Johnson and his family. After suffering untold misery for several months the ague was finally broken and by fall all were able to be up and about their several duties. During the winter of 1835 Mr. Jol with the help of his sons, succeeded in clear- ing alxutt ten acres of land, which with what had already been fitted for cultivation made quite a respectable start in a country -o new and undeveloped. From that time on better times prevailed and the pioneer family feasted well -upon such article- of 4So COMPE.XDICM OF BIOGRAPHY diet as corn bread, potatoes, ]x>rk and wild game, the latter plentiful and easily pi cured. At Syracuse was a small mill, or more properly a com cracker, which made •ar-e article of meal, and to it Mr. John- orted for what breadstuffs the fam- ily needed. To narrate in detail the trying experiences and hardships which the John- - encountered in getting established in their new home on Turkey creek would far transcend the limits of a sketch of this kind. Suffice it to say that by hard toil, cl< nomy and great industry upon the part of all thev gradually surmounted their un- favorable environment and in the course a few year- found then situated with a g 1 farm and a sufficiency of this world's ids to place them among the more sub- stantial class ..[' people of the community. [Benjamin Johnson was a typical repre- sentative of the sterling yeomanry of the period, strong of limb, firm of purpose and ■nan whom all his friends and neighbors respected. He possessed intelligence be- yond that of the a -ettler and t an active interest in the early affair- of the county, serving on the first election l«>ard which -at in Lee-burg and figuring con- spicuously in the county organization. He wa- a member of the tir-t grand jury ever impanelled in the county of k ciusko, and ranked among the first scl the county, lie v the township's tir-t y. ■ the peace, in which ]H>sition he served two terms, and in various other official capacities he rendered his fellow citizens efficient service during the formative period of the country. The Johnson family has long been n •y. a number of the subject's an- - having reached advanci and to this rule Benjamin was no exception. He lived a long and useful life, did a - amount of hard labor, assumed many trying responsibilities and reached the Id age of ninety-four year- before called to the other life. His influence upon the early history and development of Tip- pecanoe township was potential ami far- reaching in effect and as a man and citi- zen he will always be remembered a- one of the representative pioneer- of the county. Isaac Johnson was l>orn in West Vir- ginia on the i Nth day of February, 1824. He spent ten years of his life amid tl • miliar scenes of his birthplace and then ac- companied his parents t" Kosciusko, where his early experience- were such a- have briefly outlined in preceding paragraphs. Before leaving his native state he attended two terms of school and after comil Indiana he attended the school- which his father taught, thereby obtaining a sufficient knowledge of books to serve nida- tion for hi- subsequent career a- a -1: ful and progressive farmer. From boy- h 1 he knew by practical experience the meaning of hard and hoi and until hi- twenty-first year he remained at home ting his father in clearing land and otherwise running the farm. < >n attaining hi- majority he rented the home place and farmed it thereafter for about thi meeting with fair success in his work, hu- ll with a de-ire to have land of his own. Mr. Johnson, when about twenty-three or twenty-four years old. went to the land officer at Fort Wayne and entered forty- six acres. al«>ut all the government land that was then untaken in the towns! COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 481 Tippecanoe. He had money sufficient to pay the entry fee. but was obliged to bor- row fwe dollars to complete his payments on the land. The spring and summer fol- lowing his purchase he cleared five acres. which were sown in wheat that fall, and before the expiration of the first year he had paid back the money borrowed and re- ceived a deed for his place. Mr. Johnson knew what hard work meant and he gave himself little rest until lie had his farm cleared and in a good state of cultivation. On Xew Year's day. 1N50. he was united in marriage to Miss Jane Mock, daughter of Michael Mock, who came to Kosciusko county from Ohio some- time in the 'forties and settled in Tippe- canoe township. Mr. Johnson prepared a neat log cabin of one room for the recej>- tion of his bride, .and. with a bed given him 1>\ his mother, a box for a table, smaller boxes for chairs, a couple of pots, the same number of skillets, a few very cheap dishes, and some simple articles of tinware, the young couple began housekeeping very con- tentedly, if not in abluent circumstances. Subsequently he added two chairs to his stock of furniture, ami, having good credit at a store in Leesburg, purchased other articles from time to time, until the little loo- cabin was fairly well supplied with household effects. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson spent some of the happiest days of theii lives in this simple and humble manner, and now. after the lapse of over half a century, he looks back to the time in the nile cabin home with a thrill of pleasure such as never experienced when surroundi I with more and much greater comforts and conveniences. Mr. Johnson continued to purchase goods from the merchant at Leesburg credit until his bill amounted to about fifty dollars, a very formidable sum at that time, especially to a young man who had 110 vis- ible means of raising the money. When asked to settle he was in a most embarrass- ing predicament indeed, having no ready cash, nor did he know how to obtain it. While devising means to extricate himself from the dilemma, a happy thought came into his mind. At that time rat skins were selling for fifteen cents each and there was a great demand for them by fur dealers who had local agents in many parts of northern Indiana. His place being overrun with these rodents, Mr. Johnson procured a num- ber of traps and such was his success in capturing the little animals that within two weeks he sold enough skins to cancel his debt, besides having a considerable surplus in his pocket. Mr. Johnson states thai his first farm- ing implements were in keeping with his household furniture, few and of the most primitive pattern. He broke his ground with a wooden mold-board, used a harrow witli wooden teeth, cut his grain with a hand sickle and a cradle, and did' his other work in an equally slow and laborious way. In due time, however, a new and better era was ushered in and it was not many years until the log cabin gave place to a new and much more commodious and comfortable structure of frame, the simple household effects were replaced with modern conven- iences, until the farm labor was performed by tin- newest and most approved imple- ments and agricultural devices, lie added to his land until his farm contained 482 MPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY I and nine acres, which for fer- tility and general agricultural purposes is no! ! hy an) place of it- -ize within the limits ■ i the township. Mr. Johnson has been an up-to-date farmer, exceedingly methodical in the pros- ecution of his labors, and he seldom fails to gather abundant harvests from his well- tilled fields. He has also devoted consider- able attention t" his horses, cattle and hogs, in fact, prosperity has all along attended him and he can now say that he owes no man, besides having ample mean- to make the remainder of his life comfortable. He always been an optimist and l>y looking upon the sunny -ide of every cioud has not onlj made himself happy and contented, but rendered life plea-ant to those about him. Mr. Johnson is characterized by a pleas- ing personal presence, amiable disposition and an agreeable manner that wins and re- arm friendships. Held in the hig es eem by the people of his community, he is also well known throughout the county by reason of his long continued residence, and wherever he goes he is assured of warm greetings b) those t" whom his name has been a familiar sound ever since their childh 1: During the sixty-seven years that have dissolved with the mists of the past since he came to Tippecanoe township he has seen many wonderful changes, not only in the county, hut in the people a- well. All of those who were here upon his ar- rival have either died or moved elsewhere, and others have taken their places, in turn I. he succeeded by still newer comer- until a new and entirely different generation now possess the land. Contemplating the p Holmes' very beautiful and expressive lines may be appropriately quoted in this nection : • ( »n tin- lips that In- has pre--- In their bloom, And the n mi' i'-ar Haw been < arved t"r ma On the- tomb. Mr. and Mr-. Johnson have two chil- dren, Dulcina, wife of Philip Amol< Tippecanoe town-hip. and Benjamin F.; the latter married Mi— Anna Gans, of this county, and died some years ago. Mr. John- son was made a Mason at N'orth Webster in the year 1866, and ha- served his arious official capacities from worship- ful master down. A- worshipful master lie served for twenty consecutive years, a fact which speaks eloquently of hi- abilitj presiding officer a- well a- for hi- standing a- a bright and well-posted member of the Mystic lie. Religiously he i- a Methodist, to which denomination hi- good wife i member for a number of year- before she died. Her death occurred August is. 1895. In politics Mr. Johnson is a Repub- lican, enthusiastic in upholding his prin- ciple- and fearless in the expression of his opinion-. He ha- served a- different times tad supervisor and did much to intro- duce and improve the excellent system ol public highways for which Tippecanoe township has long been noted. In the foregoing line- have been briefly -et forth the leading tact- in the life his- tory of one of Kosciusko county's oldest citizens and most worthy men. Honest, fearless in behalf of the right, and true to duty devolving upon him. he haa lived long and well and his name wil tine to be honored by the people of a coin- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 483 ir.unitv for the advancement of which he devoted many of his best years and en- sreies. HEXRV WILLIS. Admired ami respected for his general intelligence and culture, as well as fur his sterling qualities as a neighbor and a citi- zen, no man in the town of North Webs- :er stands higher in public esteem than the .vorthv individual the salient facts of whose ife and characteristics are herein set forth. Henry Willis is an American by adop- ion. but none the less a loyal citizen of this *reat republic and an ardent admirer of its :ree institutions. He was born August 30, [833, in England, where his ancestors for nanv generations have lived. His father, lames Willis, married a Miss Andrews, vho died in her native county in 1838, and ibout three years later the father married 1 Miss Proctor. In [842 they left their lative land and went to Prince Edward's .sland. in the dominion of Canada, wdiere hey spent the remainder of their lives. Henry Willis was a lad of nine years vhen he looked for the last time upon the : amiliar scenes of his beautiful native land, ind from that time until his twentieth year le lived with his parents in Prince Edward's island. After attending school until about if teen years of age he began, in 1854, to earn the miller's trade and after becoming >r< (ficient in the same left Prince Edward's sland in 1857 and went to Kankakee, Illi- lois, where he soon found remunerative em- ployment in a large flouring-mill. After re- naming in that city until 1859 Mr. Willis "eturned to Prince Edward's Island and married Miss Elizabeth McDonald, the ceremony being- duly solemnized July 7th of that \ear. Mrs. Willis is of Scotch-Eng- lish descent 'and inherits many of the ami- able and sterling qualities of those two sturdy races. She is a native of Prince Ed- ward's Island, born in the year 1834, her people being among the early settlers of that little country. After his marriage Mr. Willis returned with his bride to Kankakee, where he continued as a manufacturer of Hour until 1869. Subsequently he moved to Wisconsin and was employed as a miller in that state until 1885, at which time he purchased the mill at North Webster, which he continued to operate with successful financial results until 1892, when he aban- doned the manufacture of flour and retired to the beautiful little farm near the town where he is now living a life of honorable retirement. He sold the mill in 1893 to the Kline Brothers, after spending thirty-eight years in preparing the most important article of diet known to humanity. Mr. and Mrs. Willis have been blessed with seven children, the oldest of whom, Alice, is deceased. Elizabeth J., the second born, married Frank Smith and lives in Colorado: William H., who married Min- nie Smith, lives in Wisconsin; Aha May, now Mrs. Henry T. Kline, resides in North Webster: Arthur E. S., whose home is in Wisconsin, married Edna Sanger: Alice M.. who is unmarried, was educated in the Northwestern Lniversity of Evanston, Illi- nois, and has achieved considerable distinc- tion as teacher of elocution and physical culture: the youngest member of the family is Albert II.. the efficient and popular clerk in the large general store at North Webster owned by V. M. Mock. Mr. Willis gave 484 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY his children excellent educational advan- tages and they are all noted for culture and refinement, as well as for broad general in- telligence. They made the best of the op- • portunities afforded them and are now oc- cupying positions of honor and usefulness in society. Mr. Willis has always been a friend of education and has done much to promote its interests in the community where he now lives and elsewhere. He is a gentleman of broad culture, having read much of the world'-- besl literature, while hi> acquaint- ance with history, politics, economics and the leading questions and issues, both at home and abroad, is by no mean- super- ficial. He i- a deep thinker, a close ob- server and has well defined opinions and the courage of his convictions. I "mil [896 he voted with the Democracy, hut becom- ing dissatisfied with the party's policy on the financial question he repudiated the free silver idea a- a specious and dangerous fal- lacy, detrimental to the business interests of the country, and that year casl his ballot for the opposition. Since then he has warmly supported the Republican party and i- now one of its most earnest adherent-. On matters religious Mr. Willis has read much and thought deeply. Recognizing the validity of the church's claim- great mora! and spiritual force, and supporting it with hi- influence and mean-, he ha- never identified himself with any ecclesiastical ganization, believing that religion i- largely a matter of conscience and that creed- and formulated systems of theology in a great measure defeat the purposes for which in- led. Enthused with considerable local pride, he has given hi- -auction and aid to the advancement of the community materi- ally, educationally and morally, and his in- fluence at all times potent has always exerted upon the right -ide of every great question. Mr. Willis has led a very active life and has discharged to the best of his ability every duty that has devolved upon him as a member in the body politic. Hav- ing no aspirations beyond succeeding well in his business affairs and preparing his children for the responsibilities which in due time would come to them as independ- ent factor- in the world, he ha- done well hi- part and is fully entitled to the quiet and seclusion of the retired life, which he purposes to live from now until the end of his earthly pilgrimage. Mr. and Mrs. Willis are valued members of society and their hospitable home is a favorite rendezvous for the best social cir- cle- of the town and surrounding country. They are highly esteemed by their many neighbors and friend-, and possess the un- limited confidence of all who have the pleas- ure of their acquaintance. Mrs. Willis is an active member of the Methodist church, zealous in good work- ami popular in the local congregation which meet- for worship in North Webster. WILLI \M BANNING The worthy gentleman to a review of whose life the reader'- attention is here- with invited is one of the well known and highly esteemed citizen- of Tippecanoe township and a gallant survivor of one of the greatesl civil wars in the world's his- tory, lie 1- a -telling son of the soil, a • '-made man in all the term implies, and COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 485 as one of the brave boys that donned the blue when the safety of our government was threatened by the armed hosts of treason is entitled to the respect and grati- tude of every true and loyal American citizen. William Banning is an Ohio man, born in Delaware county, that state, on the 21st day of July. 1835. His father was Jeffer- son Banning, a native of the state of Dela- ware and of German descent. When a young man Jefferson Banning went- to Ohio, where he grew to manhood as a tiller of the soil. He married, in Delaware coun- ty, Ohio, Miss Martha Sellers, whose peo- ple were early settlers of Ohio, and became the father of eight children, namely : Will- iam, Wilson, Williard, Lester, Mary E., Re- becca, Elizabeth and Millie. When the subject of this review was about twelve years old his father moved to Whitley coun- ty, Indiana, where he followed agricultural pursuits for some time on land leased for the purpose and later purchased a small farm which he improved and upon which he and his good wife spent the remainder of their days. He was an honest, industrious man, well known in the community where he lived and highly respected by all who knew him for his many sterling qualities and manly living. He did not leave to his descendants a very large amount of worldly wealth, but that which is of far greater value, a spotless reputation which they prize as a priceless heritage. It was William Banning's good fortune to he reared by excellent parents amid the quiet and peaceful scenes of healthful out- door life 1 m the farm. He was early taught habits 1 if industry and thrift and in the com- mon schools, which he attended at intervals during his minority, he received a fair knowledge of such branches as were then taught. He remained at home, assisting with the labor of the farm, until attaining his majority, when he engaged in the pur- suit of agriculture upon his own responsi- bility, continuing the same until August, 1864. He then enlisted for three years or during the war, joining Company G, One Hundred and Forty-second Indiana Volun- teer Infantry. Immediately after his enlist- ment Mr. Banning was sent to the front, reaching Nashville, Tennessee, in time to participate in the last bloody battle fought just outside the city, in which the Confed- erate forces under General Hood were de- feated and their power broken. He served until the close of the war, but by reason of sickness did not take a very active part in movements against the enemy during the last few months. For several years after his discharge he suffered considerably from the effects of the disease contracted while in the service — in fact he has never entirely recovered, and at the present time is secur- ing from a grateful government a pension of twelve dollars per month. Returning to Whitley county after leav- ing the army, Mr. Banning and his brother, also a veteran of the Civil war, settled on a small farm which they had previously purchased near Larwell. Here they resided and jointly cleared and otherwise improved it and continued to cultivate it in partner- ship until about 1871, when his brother sold out and went west, and about one year later, in 1872, William purchased the farm where he now lives. He has operated the place with success and profit, becoming one of the enterprising and substantial farmers of his neighborh 1. a- well as one of the 486 MPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY substantial and enterprising citizens of the township of Tippecanoe. Mr. Banning's farm is not as larg< e belonging to his neighbors, never- theless he has brought it to a high state of tillage and by industry and successful inan- ement realizes as much from his acres many do from places of much larger area. His improvements are all first class and the care and >kill with which he prosecutes labors show him to be well versed in agri- cultural science, with the ability to reduce the same to the largest practical account. As previously stated, he is a -elf-made man. as he began life's struggle with no aid what- ever except such as his good strong arms, hacked by a well defined purpose, afforded him. Starting at the very foot of the lad- der, lie ha- gradually ascended until In now in very comfortable circumstances, hav- ing accumulated a competency of sufficient magnitude to make the remainder of his day- free from care or anxiety. A- ;i citi- zen his reputation is unimpeachable and a neighbor and friend he is widel) respected, iv me in the county standing higher in pub- lic esteem. .Mr. Banning i- a married man and the father of three children, the oldest of whom i- William. who still makes the parental farm his home. Arthur, the second in or- der of birth, married Mi-- Nora Needier and i- a prosperous farmer of Tippecanoe township. Joseph, the youngest, is de- ceased. The mother of these children was formerly Mr-. Virginia Phares, widow of the late Riley 1 'hares and daughter of seph and Martha (Dunn) Light. Mr. Ban- ning i- a Republican in politics, hut i- not an active worker during campaigns, a- his health will n>> longer permit and his and inclinations have never led him in the direction of office seeking. lie served as supervisor of his township, hut ha- never held nor desired any other official station. preferring the quiet life of the farm and the sphere of the private citizen to any honors which the ballots of his fellow men can con- fer upon him. Wherever Mr. Banning i- known his word l- a- good as his bond, and his repu- tation for truth and veracity ha- never been impeached. It is such men as lie that s, r ive stability and character to a community and although their names may not adorn the of history nor their <\vt;<\- cause them t" he numbered among the distinguish* renowned in the true sense of the word. they are .yreat because humble, for great- ness consists largely of humility. An earn- est heliever in the religion of the Bible, he - lone much to advance the cauJ Christianity in the community, heir. humble and devout, hut at the -ame time an aggressive member, of the Evangelical church of North Webster, to which body hi- w ife also bel< »ngs. CHARLES K. HARLAN. This well-known citizen and prospei farmer of Van Ihiren township was born in ■inty. Indiana, June 25, [863, site of hi- birthplace being about one and a half mile- we-t of the village of l.ee- burg. Hi- father was William Harlan, a native of Ohio, who was brought to Kosci- usko county when a lad live years old. The father of William entered one hundred and sixty acre- of land west of Leesburg in an COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 487 carl\' day and was one of the pioneer set- tlers of Van Buren township. The subject's father was reared on this place and when old enough to begin life for himself en- gaged in agricultural pursuits, which he car- ried on in connection with stuck raising as lung as he lived. He was a self-made man. having" been left without a father's care when twelve years old, and from that early age he was compelled to rely entirely upon 1 is own resources for support. He accum- ulated a handsome property, provided well for his family and at his death left a tine farm and other valuable property, aill of which was the result of his own labor and economy. William Harlan was twice married, the first time to Miss Eliza Bogges, who be- came the mother of four children: E. J., Marv A., George and Sophronia. The sec- ond wife was Caroline Raker, a native of Germany, who came with her brother and sister to the United States at the age of eighteen years, the family settling in the county of Kosciusko; she was one of six children, Henry. Ludwig, Court H.. Will- iam, Sophia and Caroline. Caroline Har- lan bore her husband four children, name- ly: Charles, whose name introduces this biography; Lizzie, wife of Manuel Dubbs : Mattie, who married J. W. Robinson: and llattie. now Mrs. \V. 1). Groves. The mother was born on the 3d day of Novem- ber. [838, and is still living. William Har- lan's birth occurred on the 30th of April, iS_»<). and he departed this life August 17, [897. lie was an excellent citizen, a zeal- ous member of the Christian church and a -nmed Republican in politics. He en- joyed the confidence and esteem of the peo- ple of bis township to a marked degree and will long be remembered as .me of the hon- orable, upright and enterprising men of the community in which all but five years of his life were spent. Charles E. Harlan attended the coun- try schools during his childhood and youth and spent his early years in an uneventful manner on the home farm. He learned les- sons of practical industry while assisting to cultivate the place and remained under the parental roof until 1890. on March 29th of which year he was united in wedlock to Miss Emma A. Goshorn, daughter of George and Margaret ( Whitmer) Goshorn, both parents natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Harlan's father came to Kosciusko county in an early day and spent the remainder of his life here as a tiller of the soil. Imme- diately following his marriage Mr. Harlan settled on the place in Van Buren township. south of Milford. where he has since lived and prospered. He owns a fine farm of eighty-two acres, all in cultivation, and has made many substantial impri ivements. as is indicated by the attractive appearance of his home and its surroundings. He is a model farmer in that he prosecutes his labors ac- cording to system, and carefully studies the soil and its adaptability to the different products raised. He employs modern methods, uses improved implements and machinery and seldom fails to realize abun- dant returns from his crops and from the sale of the fine live stock which he raises. Mr. Harlan pays considerable attention to cattle of the Improved Jersej breed, of which he usually keeps quite a number and also markets every year a greal many Po- land China and Berkshire hogs, a business 48S COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY which he has made very profitable in con- nection with his general work as an agri- culturist. Mr. Harlan i- a g 1 man and exer. uties of citizenship as becomes a true and loyal American. He attends strictly to his own affair-, is prompt in meeting all of his business engagements and wherever known his word is as g 1 as his note. A man of unimpeachable integrity and high sense of honor and justice, his influence has always been potent for good and as a neigh- bor and friend no one stands higher in the esteem of the people of Van Buren town- ship. He voted the Republican ticket, but has never asked for office at the hands of his fellow citizens, having no inclination in that direction. Religiously he is an ad- herent of the Christian church, as is his w i fe. The Following are the names and dates of birth of the three children horn to Mr. and Mrs. Harlan: Vera 1... March 24, [892; Fred L., March 20, [895; and Ethel lien. ( Ictober 26, 191 DANIEL T< ).M. The career of the well-known and hij [j respected gentleman whose name heads this review illustrates forcibly the possi- bilities that are open to men of earnest pur- pose, integritj and sterling business qual- ifications. A well-spent life and an honor- able career constitute his record and now, after long years of honest toil, he is enjoy- ing the fruits of his labors in honorable re- tirement, living in a beautiful home in the outskirts of Milford, esteemed by a host of friends in the town and throughout the county. John Tom, father of the subject, was born in Pennsylvania in [816 and when young accompanied his parents to Stark county. Ohio, where he lived about fifteen \ears. He then moved to Kosciusko coun- ty. Indiana, and settled in Van Buren town- ship, where he purchased and improved an eighty-acre farm, becoming in the course of a few years a very successful agriculturist. He added to his real estate from time to time until he owned lands amounting to about four hundred acres, nearly all of which was improved and became verj val- uable. In addition to general farm work- lie raised considerable live Stock and all ol his business transactions appear to have re- dounded greatly to his financial advantage. John Tom's wife was Elizabeth llipsch; she became the mother of six children, jf whom Daniel is the first born. The others are Mary, who married Daniel Mine, a fanner of this county; George married Lu- anda Nine and is also engaged in agricult- ural pursuits; Harriet, wife of Enoch Hoover, lives on a farm in the township of Van Buren; Hamen died at the age of four- teen years and I.avina also departed this life in childhood. Mr. Tom was a leading member of the German Baptist (or Dunk- anli church and in ]>olitics supported the principles of the Democratic party. His wife w 1 communicant of the Her- man I la] >t 1st church and a woman of Sterling qualities of head and heart. She and her husband were both of Herman lineage and long as they lived were noted for their uprighl lives and for the good work they did in behalf of religion, benevolence and charity. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 489 Daniel Turn, the subject proper of this sketch, was born in Stark county, Ohio, in the year 1827. His childhood and youthful years sped away on the farm, and in the old-fashioned schools common to the period lie received his first instruction in the mys- teries of book lore. He earl) became ac- customed to the varied duties of agriculture and remained with his father until the age of l \\ent_\ -line, assisting to clear and culti- vate the farm, meantime laying broad and deep a solid foundation for his subsequent career as one of Kosciusko county's progres- sive husbandmen and useful citizens. On attaining his majority Mr. Tom left home and for about four years thereafter worked by the month as a farm hand, care- fully saving his earnings and perfecting his plans for the future. At the age of about twenty-five he chose a companion and help- meet on life's journey, being happily mar- ried on the 3d day of August, 1854, to Miss Rachael Nine, daughter of Jonathan and Catherine (Crowd) Nine. Purchasing a farm of one hundred and twenty acres about five miles south of Milford, he moved his bride thereto and began life's struggle un- der very favorable auspices, meeting with encouraging success from the beginning and establishing a reputation as a systematic and enterprising farmer and stock raiser. Mr. Tom made judicious investments in real estate as opportunities afforded, adding to his land at intervals until he became the pos- sessor of a valuable tract containing three hundred eighty and a half acres, all of which came to him as the well-timed re- sults of his own labor and management. I lis estate now numbers two hundred sixty and a half acres, the other having been di- vided among bis children, whom he assisted in many ways aside from the land deeded them. In his various affairs he has dis- played excellent judgment and discrimina- tion, all of his transactions having been con- ducted with due regard to the ethics of business, the result being a reputation for sterling honesty of which he and his many friends fully appreciate. Mr. Tom is a broad-minded, progres- sive man, ever active in promoting the gen- eral welfare, liberal in the expenditure of bis means to advance the cause of religion and morality and a strong advocate of law and order in all the terms imply. He has given his time and attention entirely to farming and stock raising and the neat and thrifty appearance of his place, its improve- ments and high state of cultivation, indi- cate the careful supervision and close ap- plication with which he has attended to his duties. Recently he purchased a beautiful plat of fifteen acres adjoining the town of Milford, on which is a neat and attractive home, surrounded by shade and fruit trees, well-tended gardens and fine lawns, where he purposes to spend the remainder of his life in the enjoyment of the rest and quiet- ude which he has so well earned. Personally Mr. Tom is held in high es- teem by a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances and there is no more popular man in the town and township of his resi- dence. He has well and faithfully dis- charged the duties of citizenship, is a close observer of current events that shape the history of the nation and since old enough to wield the elective franchise has been a pronounced supporter of the Democratic party. While interested in the success of his party's nominees, he does not take a very active part in political affairs, though COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ready at all times to give a reason for his views and maintain their soundness. He has never been ambitious to hold office, but at the earnest solicitation of his friends some years ago he was elected trustee of Van I '.men township and proved a capable and popular official; he also served as road supervisor and as such was nntiriny in his efforts t'> improve the highways within his jurisdiction. Mr. Tom is a member of the Progressive branch of the German Baptist church and a pillar of the congregation worshipping in Milford; his family are also identified with the same religious body, all of them being esteemed members and active workers. Mr. and Mis. Tom have had lour children: [Catherine M.. horn September 25, 1855, i> the wife of John Bartholomew ami the mother of one son and one daughter, Hat- tie and Franklin; John F. was born on the 27th of May, 1857; he married Kate Price, ha- one son, Earl, and carries on farming in the township of Van Buren; Mary E., whose birth occurred on the 28th of May. 1859, died December ,}. [861 ; lame- 1 . born March [6, [868, i- a prosrx farmer of Van Buren township; he married Delia Bearinger ami ha- a famih of four children. Mr-. Tom's parents, Jonathan and [Catherine Nine, moved to Kosciusko coun- t\ in an early day from ( )hio and settled on a quarter section of land in the southern part of Van Buren township, which Mr. Nine purchased from the government at one an. I a quarter dollars per acre. They lived for some years in a little log cabin and experienced the usual hardships and difficulties that fell to the lot of the pioneer-. Mr. Nine cleared a g 1 farm and became one of the leading agriculturists a- well as one of tiie substantial citizen- of this com- munity. He reared a family of ten chil- dren, several of whom still live in Van Buren town-hip, and died a number of years ago at the ripe old age of eighty-six years; hi- wife also lived to Ik- quite old, dying at the age of eight\ eight years, six months and two days, and now rests beside her hus- band in the quiet palace of the dead whose door- do not outward -w ing. I \i oil I. I R( IUP. Agriculture has been an honored voca- tion from the earliest ages and a- a usual thing men of honorable and humane im- . a- well as those of energy and thrift, have been patron- of husbandry. The free outdoor life of the farm has a decided ten- dency to foster and develop that independ- ence of mind ami self-reliance which char- acterize true manhood and no greater I an befall a boy than to be reared in dose touch with nature in the healthful, life- inspiring labor of the fields. It has always been the fruitful soil from which have sprung the moral bone and sinew of the country, ami the majority of our nation's great warrior.-, wi-e -tale-men, renowned scholars and distinguished men of letters were bom on the farm and are indebted to rly influence for the distinction which they have attained. Among the substantial tiller- of the in Kosciusko county. Indiana, is the enter- prising gentleman under the caption of whose name this article is written. Jacob |. [Youp i- a native of Kosciusko county, having Urn born in the township of Van Buren, October -■-'. 1856. Hi- paternal JACOB TROUP RESIDENCE COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 491 grandfather. Benjamin Troup, was a native of Pennsylvania, but left that state in early manhood, going to Canada and settling near Fort Erie, in the county of Wellington, where, in i8jo, his sun John 1'.. was born. John 1!. Troup was reared near, his birth- place and there married Elizabeth Shirk-, who bore him nine children: Mary A., Peter, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Betsey, fudea, Jacob J.. Wilson and William II. After living in Canada until forty-live years of age John 11. Troup moved to Elkhart county, Indiana, settling near the village of New Paris. After a short residence there he changed his abode to Van Buren township, Kosciusko county, where he engaged in ag- ricultural pursuits, a vocation which he fol- lowed throughout the remainder of his life. He subsequent! v returned to Union town- ship, Elkhart county, and thence to Mar- shall county. In connection with farming Mr. Troup worked at the carpenter's trade and for many years was accounted a skill- ful mechanic. I Ie was also noted as a hunts- man in earl\- life, having spent considerabli time in the woods and killed much game both in sport and as a means of varying the family's hill of fare. As a man he was highly esteemed and for a number of years was an active and zealous member of the ( lerman Baptist church. Jacob Troii]i spent his early life in Union township and during his minority attended the country schools of winter seasons, de- voting the rest of the time to the rugged duties of the farm. He became familiar with all kinds of manual labor required ol country hoys and remained at home until the age of twenty-one, meantime hearing his share of the family's support. November io, [880, he was united in marriage to Ali-s 30 Zona Funk, daughter of George and Maria (Sparkling) Funk, after which he settled on a farm west of Milforti and cultivated the same about one year, moving to his present home at the expiration of that time. Air. Troup owns a farm of two hundred acres, which, in point of fertility, general productiveness, improvements and all that constitute a prosperous country home, is not excelled by any other of its size in the coun- tv of Kosciusko, lie cleared about twenty- live acres of land himself ami by systematic work and successful management has brought the entire place to the high state of cultivation for which it litis long been noted. He is a man of progressive ideas in all that pertains to agricultural science, a reader of the best literature relating to farming and possesses the ability to reduce all worthy theories to practical tests. In connection with tilling of the soil he is largely inter- ested in live stock, giving special attention to blooded shorthorn cattle and Chester White and Poland China hogs, in the rais- ing and selling of which he has been remark- abl) successful. As a business man Mr. Troup possesses good judgment and clear insight, and can generally anticipate with accuracy the end of a transaction. ||is relations, business or otherwise, with his fellow men have always been characterized by the utmost candor and his integrity is of that kind which wins confidence and is never questioned. There are no belter citizens than Air. Troup, is he always manifests a lively interest in the uiilrx and it-, welfare and is public spirited io the extent of using all legitimate means within lii- power to promote enterprises whereby the people of his township and county may be benefited. In religion he 492 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. subscribes to the doctrines of the Progres- sive branch of the German Baptist (or Dun- kard) church, being one of the leading members of that large and influential body in the t< i\\ u^lii|i of Van Buren, liis wife also belonging i" the same- society. Politically Mr. froup i- a Democrat, but has never as pired to public office. Mr. and Mrs. Troup have had six chil- dren, ;\\" "i whom are deceased; Irwin J., born August 31, 1881, married Mrs. Alma < >ster and is a farmer "i Van Buren town- ship; James P. was born on the 29th of April, [882; Lillie M.. November i_\ 1883; Kittie V., whose liirth occurred May 30, 1889, died on the 10th day of April, Zola M. and Zora I", were twins, hut the former is deceased. Mrs. Troup's parents were natives Ohio, but bj reason of their dying when she was quite young her knowledge of the family is considerably limited. The names of her brothers and sisters, as she remem- bers them, are as follows: Alice. G< Effie, William. Darcuse and Peter. At the if si\ years Mrs. Troup was left an orphan and from that time until her mar- riage she lived in the family of her hus- band's uncle. In return for his kindiu raising her and ministering to her wants when an orphan, she t""k her benefactor to \n home in his latter days and tenderly cared for him until his death, which oc- curred August [3, 1 'if". I Wll-S PLUMMER. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch has long enjoyed 1 ts a lead n of the community in which he resides, and as an official against v ord no word of suspicion was ever uttered he wa> for many years an important in the history of Kosciusko county. Ri amidst the wild I pioneer life and knowing full well what it was to have a home far removed from the advai civilization in a dense forest, through which the wolves prowled and deer roamed, he early became inured t" hard work and knows how t" appreciate hones) t"il at its true value. I lis prominence in the com- munity is the legitimate result 1 f genuine merit and ability, and in every relation whether in the humble spin-re of private citizenship or as a trusted official with | responsibilities resting upon him, his many excellencies of character and the able and impartial manner in which he discharged his every duty won for him an enviable rep- utation as an enterprising and representative self-made man. In Mr. Plummer's veins flows the blood of a long line of sterling English and German ancestors. Early in ilonial period the Plummers were liv- X'nth Carolina, in which state many years later John Plummer, the subject's fa- ther, was born. When a young man he went t" Preble county, < Hiio, when that part of the country was but sparsely settled, and then purchased land and engaged in cultural pursuits. Mis father also was an early settler of Preble county and spent the remainder of his days the- successful cultivator of the soil. Some time in the 'twenties John Plum- mer changed his residence t" Union county, Indiana, where he entered about eighty r.cres rnment land, from which in i\w time he cleared and developed a p farm. The "Id Hannah (reek church COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 493 of the tirst organizations of the Christians (or Disciples) in eastern Indiana, was built on this land and the society is still kept up. being at this time a strong and healthy or- ganization. Among' the early settlers of Union coun- ty were the Harveys, located not far from the place where Mr. Plummer originally built his home. In this family was a daugh- ter. Ihhie. who in due time became the wife of John I'lummer and the union resulted in the birth of seven sons and one daughter, namely : Mary, Henderson, Daniel, John, Frederick. Eli. Samuel and James. In early life John Plummer united with the Christian church and some years later was chosen an elder of the congregation to which he belonged. Subsequently he en- tered the ministry and for a period of twen- ty-rive years preached acceptably for many churches in various parts of Indiana and be- came widely known for his ability as a pub- lic proclaimer of the gospel and for its ex- emplar}' Christian character. He did much to introduce the doctrines peculiar to the Disciples among the sparse settlements of Union. Kosciusko and other counties and is remembered for his zeal as a pioneer preacher at a time when it required great fearlessness and independence to combat and overcome the prejudice which long pre- vailed against the faith he represented. Early in the 'thirties John Plummer dis- posed of his interests in Union county and entered nine hundred and sixty acnes of land in what is now Prairie township in the county of Kosciusko. Later he purchased second-handed an additional two hundred acres, partly woodland and partly prairie, and became one of the largest real estate owners in Prairie township. There were living in the township at the time of his ar- rival the Summey. Harlan. Hughes. Bish- op, Powell and one or two other families, these being the first permanent residents of the territory now included in the town- ship of Prairie. Mr. Plummer cleared a great deal of land, but continued to exer- cise the duties of his holy office as a minis- ter of the gospel as long as he lived, work- ing .in the woods and fields of week days and frequently riding from ten to twenty miles to fill his appointments upon Lord's days. He bore a prominent part in public affairs, served as justice of the peace for a number of years and, as an old-line Whig", was a local politician of considerable re- pute. His influence was always potent for good and his death, which occurred about the year 1856 or '57, was greatly deplored in the community. Mrs. Plummer survived her husband some years, departing this life in 1866. James Plummer, of this review, was born in Union county. Indiana. Augiist 9, 1826. When a lad of nine years he was brought by his parents to Prairie township, Kosciusko county, and as soon as old enough to be of any practical service was put to work in the woods where, by yielding the ax for many years he developed strength of muscle and of general bodily powers that enabled him to make a full hand at an age when most boys are barely out of their childhood. In such schools as the country then afforded he obtained a rudimentary education : his first teacher was a Mr. Moore, who seemed to think the easiest way to reach a boy's intellect was by means of a tough hickory rod vigorously applied. This pedagogue did make the hoys "smart." if he did not succeed in awakening their men- 494 (PEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. tal facii he meted out condign pun- ishment for what would now be considei the most trifling and insignificant infr; ti"n- of school discipline. .Mr. Plummer's second teacher w; gentleman by the name of John F. Parks, who organized a little subscription school in 3 cabin on the- Plummer home- id. While in every way superior to the former, except perhaps in his ability wield the birch. Mr. Parkei sed only mediocre ability and beyond reading, writ- ing, and arithmetic to the "double rule of three," his professional attainments osition to which he was elected was that of township clerk. the duties of which office he discharged in an able and satisfactory manner for a per- riod of eleven years. Subsequent!} 1864, he was elected a meml>er of the I ■ f county commis to represent the northern district and he rilled the place until 1870, having been chosen his own successor in 1863. During his incumbency as commissioner much im- portant business was transacted, among which was tin the old county farm and the purchase of the present one. the erection of the buildings and other improve- ments, and the levy for the new court house. which was built in 1872. Numerous pub- lic improvements were made in diff< of the county, in all of which Mr. Plummer took the lead, although he pi e and conservative custodian of the people's interests and never inaugurated any re or undertook any enterpi fully satisfied of its necessity and that in so g he won].; he heartily supported by intelligent public opinion. Mr. Plummer retired from the ln.aril with a clean n and tin iinty. irrespective political ties, speak in the highest terms ncy and faithful 1 pains- taking pub 'it. He still takes an COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 495 as well as in canity affairs, using his in- fluence to promulgate principles which he deems best for the country and expressing Ins opinions freely upon all matters. Air. Plummet- has been a member of the Masonic brotherhood for nearly forty years ) he belongs to Leesburg Lodge No, ihio, and late the following fall removed his family to the wilderness of what is now one of the fairest and most prosperous counties of northern Indiana. After spending the greater part of oik- winter there and experiencing many vicissitudes and hardships, he went the fol- lowing February to that part of Kosciusko county known as I'rairie township and se- I a claim in section II, upon which he erected a small log cabin, after which he re- turned to Elkhart county for his family. During his absence a number of friendly Indians, who had a small village a short distance south of his claim, tore down the cabin, cut new logs and rebuilt it from the ground up. chinking the cracks, puttii tnd making of the little edifice a tolerably comfortable habitation for those times. Mr. Powells' surprise upon his re- turn with his family may be better imag than described. From that tin < - long as the Indians remained in the country, their relations with the pioneer's family were of the most pleasant and agreeable na- ture and many acts of kindness were shown by both parties while they continued as neighbors. With the exception of the Powell fam- ily, there were no permanent settlers in I'rairie until the spring of [834, at which time one Hiram Summey moved to the township and a little later the same year Jame> Bishop and family located a claim and became residents. Privation and hard- ship appear to have been the common lot of these three families, as they were far re- moved from any settlement and were ob- go a distance of thirty-two mill reach the nearest mill, and in cases of sick- ness which were by no means infrequent, the sufferers had to rely uix>n simple home treatment or await the arrival of a physician who lived twenty-two miles away. Uaac M. Powell was l>orn in Fairfield county. Ohio, December jo. 1830, and was hut three years ,,1,1 when the family located in the wilderness of northern Indiana Ik- grew up during the pioneer period and ex- perienced in full all the trials, privations and sufferings which fell to the lot of those whose early lives were surrounded by such conditions. For several years after the Powells moved to Kosciusko county the few ttlers lived too far apart to maintain t school, consequently the children w< obliged to get along without educational privileges, or else received at home such little instruction as their parents were able COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 497 to impart. The subject's first teacher was one John Young, who taught a small sub- scription school sometime in the 'thirties. He is remembered as a man of comparative- ly no intellectual attainments and appears to base used the rod as his chief means of imparting knowledge. The next pedagogue to wield the scepter of authority over the voting: in the neighborhood was a deaf man by the name of Moore, who made up for loss of hearing by the strength of muscle with which he applied the birch to the backs and legs of the pupils that attended his school. Under the direction of these and other equally incompetent teachers young Isaac's early intellectual growth was retard- ed rather than developed, and the wonder iy that he made the progress that he did in the few elementary branches which at that time constituted the curriculum of the backwoods schools. Subsequently, when a young man. he applied himself very diligently under more competent instructors and. realizing the value of an education, pored over his books of evenings and of spare times until he was pronounced sufficiently qualified to teach the children and young men and young women of the neighborhood. Air. Powell taught one term in Prairie township in 1853, and while his school would hardly come up to the high standard by which schools of the present day are measured, he was far in advance of the ma- jority of teachers at that time and made a great reputation as a popular and efficient instructor. From the time be was able to be of any assistance on the farm his days were spent in a ceaseless round of toil and Ik contributed his full share towards clear- ing the land and cultivating the soil. On attaining his majority he took charge of the home place and farmed the same until his marriage, which was solemnized October _'3. 1854. with Miss Angeline Summey, daughter of Frederick and Adeline ( Trum- bull) Summey. Airs. Powell's parents were among the early settlers of Kosciusko coun- ty, moving here in the spring of [833 and entering land in Prairie township. After his marriage Air. Powell located in Clu- nette. where he lived until the fall of 1856, when he purchased a farm in Prairie town- ship, which he made his home till 1S74. In that year he disposed of his place at a good round figure and purchased the old home- stead, consisting of three hundred and fifty acres of fine land, which with improvements since added and the high state of cultivation to which it has been brought, is now con- servatively estimated to be worth twenty thousand dollars. This is one of the larg- est and best-cultivated farms in a township long noted for its advancement in agricul- ture and general development, also ranking with the finest and most valuable places in the country. Air. Powell has been a progressive farmer and his financial success has been commensurate with his efforts as at, intelli- gent husbandman and the interest he has al- ways taken as a student of agricultural science. By carefully studying the nature of soils and paying particular attention to the proper rotation of crops he has never failed to reap bountiful harvests front his well-tilled fields, while his success a- a raiser of fine live stock has added much to the ample means which are now his. After accumulating a comfortable for- tune. ATr. Powell wisely concluded to retire from the active work of the farm, and in a life of honorable retirement enjoy si -me of 198 WPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY the fruits of his many years of toil. Ac- cording!) he turned his agricultural inter- ithers and of late has been liv- quiet and content, doing little besides looking after hi- private affairs and giv- i those who manage his place the bene- fit i if his ripe experience. To Mr. and Mrs. Powell have been lx>rn six children, whose names and date- ol birtli illows: Nelson W., July _><> 1855, married Ella Anglin and lives in Prairie township; Warren J., September 25, 1857, married Jerusha Webster and also in the township of Prairie; Mary A., born November 14. 1859, is the wife of diaries L. W'ray. a farmer and stock raiser of the same part of the county; John R., January 5, [863, died of smallpox in the spring of [864; Dorotha K.. born October jS. [867. died December 15th of the same year; the youngest of the family. Fred S.. was born October j.}. 1869, and died in her. [896. Mr. Powell has always taken pains keep himself well informed upon current events and political affairs, having been , quite a reader, as well as a close and in- enl observer. In national, state and district affairs he gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, but in matter- purely local he votes for the man regardless of po- litical ties. In 1S7S he was elected assessor of Prairie township, serving eight years, and in [900 lie was again elected to the . the duties of which he is now dis- charging, having three years yet to -ewe lie- fore the expiration of his last term. His ment upon all matter- coming within the range of his office is sound and he has proved himself in every respect worthy the confidence reposed in him by his fellow chi- lli- popularity with the peopli well as his eminent fitness for the offii hold- are demonstrated by the fact of his having been elected as by forty ma- jority in a township which has always been reliably Republican by from thirty-fi sixty votes. In the year [882 Mr. Powell lis party's candidate for county ti urer. Running ahead of his ticket by al- most five hundred votes, the overwhelming strength of the opposition could not he overcome; he was defeated by a small ma- jority after a very gallant fight, the race more than ever attesting the high esteem in which he is held by Republicans and Demo- crats alike. Fraternally Mr. Powell Mason, belonging to Lodge No. 181 at Leesburg. lie has filled various offici the lodge, and. believing in the great prin- ciples upon which the fraternity is based, has Keen largely controlled l>y them in his daily life. In the widest sense of the term Mr. Powell is a Christian, sincere in his b active in reducing the precepts of Holj Writ to practice, and untiring in his efforts read the gospel at home and in lands beyond the sea-. He and wife hold mem- bership in the Christian (or Disciples) church and are among the most zealous workers in the congregation with which they are identified. Mr. Powell's protracted resilience in the county of Kosciusko has made his name widely and familiarly known throughout all of its parts. His life and the histoi Prairie township have been pretty much the same thing. He ha- seen the community grow from an insignificant backwoods set- tlement into one of the most prosper ommonwealth. Hi- coming here anil COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 499 the existence of the township were coeval events, for much of its growth and pros- perity are indebted to him. He has been one nf its humblest laborers and wisest coun- sellors. He has been a western man in the broadest sense of the term; realizing the wants of the people, he has supplied the de- mands generously and unsparingly. His has been a long life of honor and trust and no higher eulogy can be passed upon him than tn state the simple truth that his name has never been coupled with anything dis- reputable and that there has never been the shadow i if a stain upon his reputation for integrity and unflinching honesty. Mr. Powell has been a consistent man in all he has ever undertaken and his career in pri- vate life and as an official has been utterly without pretense. He is respected by all who know him and the county of Kos- ciusko can boast of no better man or m< ire enterprising citizen. WILLIAM BALSLEY. It is a pleasure to investigate the career of a successful, self-made man. Peculiar honor attaches to that individual who. be- ginning the great struggle of life alone and unaided, gradually overcomes unfavorable environment, removes one by one the ob- stacles from the pathway of success and by the master strokes of his own force and vi- tality succeeds in forging his way to front and winning for himself a competency and a position of esteem and influence among his fellow men. Such is the record of the popular citizen of Prairie township to a brief synopsis of whose life and character the reader's attention is herewith respect- fully Jnvited. William Balsley is a native i ii Kosciusko county and a si >n i if i >ne i if the many substantial men that Ohio has given to the Hoosier state. His father, John Bals- ley, was born in Ohio of German parentage, and his mother, Nancy N. Davis, also a na- tive of Ohio, was of Irish lineage. These parents were married in Morrow county, Ohio, and were among the original pioneers of northern Indiana, moving to this county as long ago as 1834 and settling in what is now Prairie township. Two years later John Balsley entered two hundred acres of land in sections 4 and 5 and after obtaining patents from the government began clear- ing his land and otherwise improving it. He was a true type of the strong, deter- mined pioneer whom no obstacle could dis- hearten nor any hardships discourage. He developed a good farm, accumulated a sufficiency of this world's goods to make his latter years comfortable, and died in 1871 at the age of seventy years. His wife, to whom he was largely indebted for the suc- cess which he attained, reached the age of seventy-six years when she was called to the other life in 1893. They were an estima- ble couple, highly respected in the commun- ity and lived consistent Christian lives, for many years having been zealous members of the Baptist church. It is a fact worthy of note that the large majority of the pio- neers were men of strong political convic- tions, a rule to which John Balsley was no exception, hi early life he was an ardent Whig, but when that old historic party ceased to exist he became equally zealous as a Republican and so continued to the end of his days. Mr. and Mrs. Balsley had four children: George W.. deceased: Marv. 50o COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. wife of Joseph Jackson, of Edgar county, Illinois; William, of this review, and one that died in infancy. William Balsley was born on the home farm in I'rairie township April <>. 1846, and to the present time has spent hi> life within the geographic limits of Kosciusko county. In his childhood and youth he at- tended the common schools and until eight- een years old remained on the farm, attend- ing to such duties ;i> fell to his lot and prov- dutiful son and valuable assistant. At the above age he bought forty acres of the farm where he now lives, going in debt for the land without the promise of any assist- ance other than that which two strong arms and a vigorous physical constitution hacked by a determined will, provided, lie built a log house on his place and. addressing him- self to ilu- task of clearing off the timber, soon -aw the forest monarchs fall under his lusty stroke- and it was not long until a goodly number of acre- were ready for the plow. lie continued t" prosecute his hilars alone about four year- when, thinking that effective service could lie accomplished with the aid of a companion to take care of his home and keep hi- domestic aft.v order, he married, on the 5th dav of De- cember, 1865, Mi— Margaret J. Lyons, whose parent- came t" Kosciusko county from Ohio about the year 1863. Mr-. . ley ha- received a good education and for time prior to her marriage was a teach- er in the public schools of this township. Mr. and Mr-. Balsley began housekeep- ing in the little log cabin he had formerly built and for a number of year- thereafter lived live- of contentment, bending all their ries to improve their condition ami add to their possessions. By hard work and suc- ssful management Mr. Balsley gradually succeeded in his undertakings, and in due time increased hi- original purchase until he found himself the fortunate possessor of one hundred acres of land, the greater pan of which he has highly improved. Hi- present beautiful dwelling, one of the best buildi of the kind in the township, wa- erected in [899 and -lands on the -p>t formerly occu- pied by the little log house in which theg 1 wife set up her first dome-tic establishment. Mr. Balsley 's residence i- modern in every detail, contains nine large and commodi rooms and wa- constructed after plans pre- pared entirely by Mrs. Balsley, whoa \ judgment is manifest throughout the entire structure. The bouse 1- a model of com and utility, supplied with water from a lar^c and well-built cistern, and the fur- nishing i- in harmony with the interior de- jns and architectural beauty of the edifice. Surrounding the house are shade tree-. ever) feature of the building and pren bespeaking a spirit of thrift and ^'""l I which makes the place one of the most beautiful and comfortable rural homes in Prairie township. A- -tated in a preceding paragraph. Mr. Balsley went in debt for hi- land and when he ami his wife began housekeeping he compelled to In .now money with which to purchase the few article- of furniture and household utensils necessary to begin life with any degree of convenience and comfort Since then his course has l>een steadily on- ward and upward and today he owns on« the most attractive and valuable farms in tlie county and a dwelling costing, indud hi- own lal»or. nearly two thousand doll Mr. Balsley ha- been a man of resoui ami his judgment and tact in the man.! COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY 501 nient of his agricultural interests and busi- ness transactions have enabled him to over- come obstacles which would have discour- aged a man of less energy and will power and win for himself a high standing in the community where he lives. By no means an old man, being in fact in the very period of life, he has already acquired sufficient means to enable him to turn his interests over to his sun and retire from the active duties of the farm. Personally Mr. Balsley is a warm and true friend. Fearlessness is one of his marked characteristics and he shuns not to do what he considers his whole duty, re- gardless of the consequences. Above all, he has been a man of unquestioned integrity and unblemished honor, and he will do noth- ing which could lower himself in his own esteem or in that of others; his standard is high and he has always endeavored to live so that his example might safely be imitated by the young men of the rising generation. Ever read\- to contribute of his means and influence to all objects, whether material, charitable or religious, he is considered one of the most enterprising and progressive men of the community and in a large sense he is and always has been a true benefactor of his fellow men. Three children have been born to Air. and Airs. Balsley, two of whom, John and William, are deceased. Charles, the surviv- ing son, was lorn on the 2d day of June, [878. lie is a well educated young man and possesses musical talent of a high order, being an accomplished violinist and also an Organist and pianist of rare ability. For several years he was leader of the Prairie Township Hand and as such did much to promote the efficiency and skill of its dif- ferent members, making the society one of the leading and most popular musical organ- izations of the kind in the county of Kos- ciusko. • He married Miss Ada Maloy, of this county, and recently took charge of his father's farm, which he will manage from this time forward. William Balsley is a Republican in his political views and since old enough to ex- ercise the rights of citizenship has been a firm adherent of his party and a zealous worker in its ranks. He is usually chosen to represent his precinct and township in conventions, but has never aspired to of- fice, the only public position he ever held being that of supervisor. In matters relig- ious he has well defined views. While not connected with any church, his purse has been at the command of religious and benev- olent objects, especially to the local organ- ization of the Church of God, of which his wife is an earnest and consistent member. Air. and Airs. Balsley are among the oldest people of Prairie township in point of con- secutive residence and none in this part cf the county are more widely and favorably known. HAXS S WAX SOX. Among the substantial men whose labor and influence gave impetus tc the agricult- ural interests and general material improve- ment-- of Kosciusko county in years gone by and who today occupies a high place in the esteem of the community in which he lives is the worthy gentleman whose name introduces this article. Connected as he was for a period of years with one of the most important railroad companies in the c OMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY west and prominently identified with the materia] growth of Kosciusko and Marshall c •untie-, he has been a forceful factor in the industrial circle- and a leading citizen in all thai concerns the public good. Hans Swanson i- an American by adop- tion, but the country has no mure loyal sup- porter nor have it- laws and institutions a more ardent admirer. Jle i- of Scandi- navian birth and hails from far-off Nor- way, having been born in Christiania, the capita] of that country, in the month of March. 1851. His people for generations were natives of the Northland and from the most reliable information obtainable appear always to have obtained their livelihood as tillers of the soil. His father, a tanner by occupation, own. but cultivated land as a renter, as '1" main '>t' the respectable middle class Swedes and Norwegians. He provided well for his family, but was not aide to furnish any of his children with much of a Mart in life owing t" the conditions which the landlords exacted from their tenant-. From the age "t' seven until hi- four- teenth year young Swanson attended the public schools <>l hi- native country and made rapid progress in hi- studies. When eighteen years of age 1» which In mnd him to hi- home and started out to make his own living a- a farm laborer, receiving for hi- service- from sue to twelve cent- per day. Having read much about America and heard from some of his countrymen who had gone thither favorable reports of the great country be- yond the water-, he determined to seek his fortune there a- soon a- he could save i\ sufficient t" pay hi- passage Find- .t t<> impossible to lay by enough from his -canty earnings t" purchase a ticket to the United State-, he finally applied to t friend for a loan. The money born with what he already had saved, enabled him to carry out his desire of long standing, ami in April, 1869, he looked for the last time upon the romanti hildh 1. Taking p se] for New York. In reached that ix >rt in due time and found himself a stranger in a strange land, where manners and customs radically differed any he had hitherto known. From New York he made hi- way westward a- far a- Marshall county, Indiana, stopping at the town of Bourbon, where he secured employ- ment as a wood chopper with the Pennsyl- vania Railroad Company. Mr. Swanson remained at the above place until 1871, when he changed his abode t" Atw 1. Kosciusko county, meantime be- coming a section hand on the road, in which capacity he continued until promoted fore- man of a section in 1879. While working common hand his wages were hut a dollar per day. yet from this meager sum he managed to lay by little by little until at the end of seven years he found himself the possessor of three hundred dollars in cash. With this money he made the tir-t payi • 011 a piece of land valued at twenty-one hun- dred dollars, going in debt to the amount of eighteen hundred dollars, a step which few would have ventured to make. Renting tile farm to a good tenant, he remained with the railroad as section foreman at increased 5, continuing thus for four year-, dur- ing which time hi- earnings, with what he received from the proceeds of the ; were sufficient to cancel the indebtedm - tile land. A line farm free of incumbrance marked COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 503 a new era in the life of Mr. Swanson and from that time forward his progress as an agriculturist was steady and substantial. He brought to the farm the same energy and determination that marked his course on the road and by thrift and economy, supple- mented by the best kind of management, soon succeeded in increasing" his estate, pur- chasing additional land from time to time until he now has three hundred and fifty acres, conservatively estimated to be worth at least fifteen thousand dollars. He also owns much valuable personal property, not- ably fine live stock, good farming imple- ments, besides a handsome surplus of ready capital, which with his other possessions as- sures a future free from the cares by which so many people in old age are beset. Mr. Swanson was married September 8, 1878, to Miss Carrie Johnson and is the fa- ther of four sons. The oldest is Scott, who married Mary Guy and lives on one of his father's farms. Harry, the second in order of birth, is his father's able assistant on the home place. Charles and Walter, who are also at home, are promising voting boySj educated and standing high in the es- teem of the people of the community. Mr. Swanson is a warm friend of education and gave his children the best school privileges obtainable. Scott is a graduate of the At- wood public school, and the other sons are well advanced in their studies. Mr. Swanson's political views are de- cidedly Republican and for some years he has been an active worker in the party, be- lieving firmly in the correctness of its prin- ciples and the dignity of its mission, lie has Keen a delegate to a number of conven- tions, county and town-hip. but would never permit his name to come before these bodies as an aspirant for official honors. He is an enthusiastic member of the Pythian frater- nity, having passed all the chairs in his lodge and at the present time holds the of- fice of vice chancellor. For eight years he was master of exchequer, the duties of which important position he discharged in an able and praiseworthy manner. He is also a charter member of the American Or- der of Gleaners, in which he carries a lib- eral insurance, his wife belonging to the same society. Religiously they are both identified with the United Brethren church of Atwood, of which Mr. Swanson has been trustee for a number of years. He is active 111 the Sunday-school, besides being first and foremost in all good work of the con- gregation ; in fact, he is and fi >r years has been one of the pillars of the church, ready at all times to contribute to its financial sup- port, and has never failed in his allegiance to his vows as an humble and devout dis- ciple of the Xazarene. Mr. Swanson has long been a prominent factor in advocating and working for public improvements. He stands for progress in all the term implies and in this respect has set an example which should be followed by those who are at all interested in the ma- terial prosperity of the township and count v. During the twenty-three years of his con- nection with the Pennsylvania railroad as section foreman he had the unbounded con- fidence of his superiors. In the inspection of that part of the road between Fort Wayne and Plymouth in [89] his section was pro nounced second to but one on the division, a tact which speaks well for his efficiencv as a manager of men and for his faithfulness ir. making his employers' interests his own. .Mr. Swanson is strictly a temperate man 504 COMPEMUi'M OF BIOGRAPHY. never having indulged in any kind of intox- icants nor used tobacco in any of it -^ forms. His correct habits and temperate manner of living have brought him superb health, in which respect his family has also l>een great- ly blessed. Although a foreigner bj birth and entertaining fond memories of his na- tive land, he is firm in his allegiance to the country of his adoption, which lie believes to be tin- greatest and best domain upon which the sun has ever shone. He is a great admirer of it> law- and institutions, and it necessary would prove hi- loyalty a- a citizen l>v laying down hi- life in it- de- fense. In many respects the career of Mr. Swanson is peculiarly instructive and com- mendable. It i- a complete triumph over apparently insurmountable obstacles by a young man with absolutely no mean- at his command except his hands and inflexible integrity. He came to the new world, as alread) stated, a stranger with nothing at his command but a determination to make the lx.-st of his opportunities, and how well he has succeeded in this laudable endeavor i- demonstrated by the fortune he has ac- quired in material things and the high posi- tion in the world which he ha- reached. 1 Ie is .me of the most popular men of his com- munity, genial, companionable, ever ready to do a favor or make a sacrifice wherein hi- fellow man may be benefited or the country profited. Like her husband, Mrs. Swanson i- also a native of Norway. As wife and mother -he ha- diligently and earnestly watched over and reared her family, instilling into the mind- of her offspring correct prin- ciple- and Sparing no pain- to foster noble. manly habit-. She embraced religion in her youth and throughout Iter life has mani- fested a pure, noble Christian character. < HARLES M. MILLER. While Virginia ha- been aptly termed the "Mother of Presidents," -he ha- also given to the country many of it- most en- terprising and successful people in minor capacities and thousands in the humble sphere of private citizenship trace their an- cestr) back to the ( >ld Dominion. This '- true of the gentleman whose brief life his- torj i- -et forth in the following lines. Just when the original progenitor of the Miller family became a resident of Virginia i- not known, but it i- supposed to have been at a lime antedating the colonial Struggle for in- dependence. A number of year- ago there was born in that State one William Miller, win i. when in y< >ung manhi tod, w ent t. < < >hi< >. thence in a later day moved to Miami coun- ty, Indiana, and settled near the town of Chili. He was twice married, the tir-t time in ( >hio, which union resulted in the birth of children a- follows: John. James. William and Milton. All were soldiers in the Civil war. the last named being killed while bat- tling for the Union. Mr. Miller married second wife. Catherine 1 'aimer, after coming to Indiana and -he bore him children, namely : Samuel. Charles M . of thi> review. (Jlyases S. G., Eliza J.. Mary Etta, Dora. Belle, Bertha and Emma L;ressive body he did much to disseminate its tenets, and donated liberally to the High- land congregation, which met for worship in a building erected on his farm. Air. Mil- ler was a deeply pious man and for many years was a pillar in the local church in which he held the office of deacon. His life was fraught with good works in the service of God and humanity and he died a tri- umphant Christian death in November, 1899. Airs. Miller is a fit companion for a noble husband and, highly respected for her Lovable Christian character, is still living in Kosciusko county. Charles M. Miller is one of Indiana's native sons and is proud of the common- wealth which gave him birth. He was born in Chili, Miami county, on the 12th day of January, 1862. and when two years old was brought by his parents to the county of which he is now an honored resident. It was his good fortune to grow to the years of maturity amid the quiet and peaceful scenes of rural life, and on the farm he first learned the lessons of self-reliance which have been of such value to him in his subsequent career. When old enough he entered the common schools, where he proved an apt and diligent pupil, becoming at an early age master of the branches con- stituting the prescribed course. In his nine- teenth year he obtained a teacher's license and taught his first term in the winter of [S81-2 in the township of Etna. Mr. Miller developed much more than average ability and tact as an instructor and his services were in great demand during the years lie devoted to educational work. He continued to teach in the schools of Kosciusko county until 1896, meanwhile making a record which brought him prominently to the notice of the public by reason of his ability in imparting instruction and in the matter of discipline, where so many teachers fail. In 1881 Mr. Miller chose for a life com- panion Miss Sarah C. Huffer, daughter of Daniel and Sarah ( l'.ullenbaugh) Huffer, natives of Pennsylvania and of German lineage. Airs. Miller was born in Prairie township October 27, 1861, attended the district schools and received as good an ed- ucation as they were capable of imparting. After his marriage Mr. Miller farmed as a renter for several years, meanwhile devot- ing the winter season to school work. Sub- sequently he purchased a farm in the town- ship of Prairie and continued to cultivate the same until 1891, when he abandoned agri- cultural pursuits and engaged in the general mercantile business at Atwood. During the past twelve years Mr. Miller has carried on merchandising quite success- fully and has become one of the potential 506 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGKAl'HY. in the public affairs of his town and township. Like the majority of his fellow citizens ■ I Prairie, he i- a Republican in his political affiliations and for irs past en an active party worker, represent- - township in conventions and us his influence untiringly t" promote the suc- 5S of the ticket during campaigns. In e was nominated and elected trus I 'mine township, the duties of which office he has discharged to the present time in a manner eminent!) satisfactor) to the public, lie ha- made a number <>i vain. improvements in the matter of highways, . and having been a teacher for many years, thus realizing the need- of the schi and appreciating the value of a higher or- der of professional excellence "ii the part "I the teacher-, he ha- devoted much attention to the subject of education within his juris- diction. It has been his aim to employ only ichers a- are intellectually and pro- fessionally qualified for the work of instruct- ing the young and favorable results of his endeavors in this regard are already plainly apparent. Mr. Miller was reared by religious par- ent- and their wholesome influence had much to do in shaping his life and mould- ing his character. He i- a man of pi nounced religious views and. with his wife. subscribes to the creed of the United Breth- ren church. I'or -i\ successive years he superintendent "i the Sunday- ool and i- the present incumbent of the office. Hi- training in the secular schi iliarly fitted him for this responsible |h.- ii and the Sunday school of which he now ha- charge i- one of the best disciplined and most thorough in its work of any in the town of Atwobd. He is also a men of the board of church trustees, while his efforts in behalf of the tion and the od work he has done to promote it- ef- ficiency have nobly seconded the past labor- in bringing souls into the kingdom of the Most High. Mr. Miller i- a charter member of Atwood Lodge, No. ,}-'<'. K. of I'., in which he passed all the chair-. He also connected with the ordei ean- 5, an insurance and benevolent holding at this time the highest office within the power of the organization to bestow, that of chief gleaner. Personally Mr. Miller i- a gentleman of quiet demeanor, unassuming in hi- r< tions with his fellow men. but nevertheli |x "pillar with all classes and most highly re- spected by those who know him best. He ha- read and thought much, possesses a broad mind well stored with valuable knowl- edge, and it i- but just to -ay that he characterized by much broader \iew- and wider culture than the majority of men. Well posted in the genera] and political I tory of the country and keeping in touch with the time- on current events, he is loyal citizen and a true type of intelligent anil -ymetrically developed manho To Mr. and Mrs. Miller have been born children as follow-: Floyd I'., whose birth to,,k place in \\ ; Amy V... Septem- ber. [884: Fred C, Vugust 26, [886; Ruth 1 \pril _"4. [892; and Ralph W.. who v born on the 19th day of November. 18 MRS. M VGGIE W'.I.IW Wholly devoted to home and dom< duties; doing through all the her life the lowly 1 d w< >rk that C MRS. MAGGIE ANGLIN J.G.ANGLIN COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 507 within her sphere, there is not much to re- cord concerning the life of the average woman. And yet what station so dignified, what relation so loving and endearing, what office so holy, tender and ennobling as those of home-making wifehood and motherhood. A celebrated writer and biographer once said that the future destiny of a great na- tion depended upon its wives and mothers. May this not also be said concerning the future that is bone of her bone, blood of her blood and flesh of her flesh, and which is incalculable in its results and will never be fully known until eternity solves the prob- lem? In the settlement of the great middle west woman bore her full share of hardship, sufferings and other vicissitudes, helping man in the rugged toil of wood and field, cheering him when cast down and discour- aged, sharing his dangers, mitigating his sufferings, in the end quietly and unosten- tatiously rejoicing in his success, yet ever keeping herself modestly in the background and permitting her liege lord to enjoy all the glory of their mutual achievements. In a biographical compendium, such as this work is intended to be, woman should have no in- significant representation. As man's ecpial in every qualification save the physical, and his superior in the gentle, tender and loving amenities of life, she fully merits a much larger notice than she ordinarily receives, and the writer of these lines is optimistic enough to indulge the prediction that in a 110 distant future she will receive due credit • for the important part she acts in life's great drama and be accorded her proper place in history and biography. The foregoing lines were suggested after a perusal of the leading facts in the iife career of the worthy and highly respected lady whose name furnishes 31 the caption of this article, a lady who has done well her part in the world and whose career from the beginning has been a simple, but beautiful poem of rugged, toilsome duty faithfully and uncomplainingly per- formed as maiden, wife and mother. Miss Maggie Zentz, daughter of Chris- tian and Rachael ( Bowers) Zentz, is a na- tive of Stark county, Ohio, where her birth occurred on the ioth day of March, 1844. Originally the Zentzes came from Germany and the name was familiar in various parts of Maryland at an earlv period in the his- tory of that colony. Mrs. Anglin's father was born in Maryland in 1809 and the mother, also a native of that state, first saw the light of clay the same year. The Bowers were also of German origina, and. like the Zentz family, lived in Maryland in the time of the colonies. In an early day representa- tives of both families migrated to Stark county. Ohio, in the local annals of which both names are still familiar. They settled in the same locality and in due time an in- timacy sprang up between Christian Zentz and Rachael Bowers which, ripening into love, led to marriage about the year 1837. The fruits of this union were five sons and two daughters, namely: Jeremiah, who married Lucinda MoClintoc; Mrs. Harriet Rose; Mathias L., unmarried ; William H. married Margaret Smith ; Margaret, the subject of this sketch; Solomon married Lydia Clark: Samuel, who chose a wife in the person of Matilda Rub)-: all are living except William H. The Bowers have long been noted for longevity, the mother of these children dying at the age of eighty-six years, while several of the family almost reached the century mark. The maternal grandfa- ther of Mrs. Anglin was Mathias Bowers, 508 \1PENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY born in Maryland December 13, 1774. and on the 25th of December, 17951 mited in marriage to Catherine Hauck. n was blessed with the following children: Jacob, born November 1. 1796, marrii ih Talmer; Elizabeth, 1 >< >r. 1 June 18, became the wife of Adam Kimmel; Sarah, l«>rn August 16, 1800, wis the wife of Jacob Koontz; S born July [2, [802, was the wife of David Shri irn November 26, 18 . united in marriage with Mr. Traster; John, I urn July 6, 1807, manic-' 1 a Miss was born September 14. ami the wife of Christian Zentz, he mother of Mrs. Anglin; William, lxirn 25, 1S1 1. married £ 1. born April r8, [814, mar- ried; Anna, born Novem was the wife of Abraham Grogg; < hai born Maj 16, iSji. was the wife of Samuel upation Christian Zentz was farmer and in addition t" his laboi he operated for a number of mill on what was formerly known After living in Ohio until 1857 he disposed of his farm and other property in- md came V • K< sciuski 1 coun- ty, h \t that time there was still ument land remain- 1 the >tate and Mr. Zenl enten in Etna township, on whicl mfortable plank and began clearing the dense timber with which hi- place was overgrown. II > il in his purpose of making I farm and in due time became quite well situated. g remain to enjoy the fruits . irting tins life in - thirteen when the family moved t home in the w Is of Kosciusko county. As all possible In needed in developing the farm skated not t" x>< into the clearing and hear her part in the hard work required. It was not long until she learned t" wieid the ax and grubbing hue with . rity and when fourteen of fifteen old could easily do an ordinary hand's work thering and piling brush, grubbing tending t<> the burning logheaps helped grub the undergrowth from the spot on which the original plank dwelling st'H.d. d, alter its destruction by tire, labo equally as hard on the frame building by which the first was replaced. For a cow of years she attended the public and tiled herself of every meager advanl which they afforded. Alter h< enth r she never, as a student, saw the interior of a school n om, but subsequently by much reading made up in a large measure her earh i mal deficiencies. Her quaintance with g I literature is wide, in addition to which she has always kept • touch with current events and 1- now a well informed woman of much more than dinary culture. From the age ol she worked out and made her own living until the time of her marriage t" John ti 1 a brief re\ iew of wl hi ; let's attention is herewith in\ ited. Mr. Vnglin was a native of Kosciusko ni'.. Indiana, born in the towns Etna on the 26th day of January, 18 His father. Isaac Vnglin, one of the coun- ty's ' pioneers, came here from B nr county, West Virginia, and t.i.k an prominent part in I tin mi \ . I le married in his COMPEXDIfM OF BIOGRAPHY. 509 ve state Miss Catherine Briggs, who In ire ini children as follows: John G. ; Mary, ite of Jacob Ringenberg, both deceased: William B. married Ellen Rusher; Hiram led in infancy; and Elam II., who married nsMc Thomas. The children born in the arents of Isaac Anglin were as follows: fancy ( Mrs. James Heatherly), Jane ( Mrs. •avid O'Xeal), Abigail (Airs. John Weal), Sarah (Mrs. Bennet Hudkins), lary t Mrs. Samuel L'rit ). Catherine ( Mrs. amuel D. Hall). William (married Sophia 'hilips), James (married Matilda Hall), )hn (married Sarah Johnson), Elizabeth Mrs. Joel Martin), Rachel (unmarried), ddred (married Rachel Xeter), Isaac (fa- ler of John G. Anglin, married Catherine iggs), David (married Harriet Wheeler). o the parents of Mrs. Isaac Anglin were ;>rn these children: Catherine (Mrs. Isaac .nglin), Elijah (married Elmina Miner), William (married Ellenor Moore). John married Mary Harlan), Rachel (Mrs. (Irian Anglin ). Fredrig ( unmarried ), Levi unmarried). Milton (unmarried). Hiram married Alice Frazier ) . Harrison ( unmar- ed). The early life of John G. Anglin was retty much like that of all lads raised amid ie stirring scenes of a new country. When Id enough to work he bore his full share in ie woods and fields and grew up a strung, :live young man. At the age of twelve he ,'ceived his first instruction in the mystery f books, walking three and a half miles to little school which he attended about twi> r three months of the winter season. In ddition to the daily walk of seven miles nd the long hours of study he was obliged ' assist in starting the fire in the morning 'hen his turn came, and in this way whal education he acquired was obtained. He grew up an increasing help to his father un- til attaining his majority, when he began earning money for himself by farming on his father's land, continuing this kind of em- ployment until his marriage, at the age of twenty-five. Shortly after marriage he set up his first domestic establishment on eighty acres of land in Prairie township given him by his father and at once addressed himself to the task of its development. In addition to agricultural pursuits he early began deal- ing in all kinds of live stock, buying - and shipping to the eastern and western mar- kets. He followed this line of business for about eighteen years with most satisfactory financial results, accumulating thereby a for- tune which placed him among the wealthiest men of the county. In 1891 Mr. Anglin purchased a third interest in the Etna Green Flouring Mill and later became sole owner of the property. This enterprise, like his other business affairs, proved largely suc- cessful and returned him no small part of his income. Mr. Anglin had a natural aptitude for business and a capacity for inaugurating and carrying to successful conclusion large undertakings. By keen, discriminating judgment and executive ability of a high order he added to his possessions from time to time until he became, as already stated, one of Kosciusko county's largest property holders and successful men of affairs. In addition to his real estate, which consisted of six hundred acres of choice land, he ac- cumulated much valuable persona] property, his fortune at the time of his death being conservatively estimated at forty-five thou- sand dollars. He was essentially a self- made man and earned every dollar 111 his 5'° COMJ'EXPIUU OF BIOGRAl'HY ssion by fair dealing and legitimate means, never having resorted t" qui able schemes "i- speculative methods. \ few weeks prior to his death he divided the greater part of his property among his chil- dren, reserving sufficient to make the re- mainder of hi - own and his \\ ife's days com- fortable and free from care. < if Mr. Anglin, personally, much in the waj of praise can be said. Strictly honest, he never defrauded a fellow man to the value of a penny and throughout a very active busini er none of hi* motives were ever impugned m>r was there ever a breath of suspicion against hi-* integrity or private character. In the largest sense of the term he was a Christian ami demonstrated by word and act the genuineness of the faith he professed. Discarding all human creeds ami statement- of doctrine, he united with iiristian church, which take- the Bible alone a* its rule of faith and practice, and remained loyal and true to the same until called from the church militant to the church triumphant, lie was a liberal sup- r of the g 1 work both at home and abroad, hut made no ostentations display of his piety or benevolence, performing his kindly deeds in ; , quiet and unobtrusive way. as became a true disciple of the Xa/arene. Measured by the highest standard of • his life was a nobl( ncntly worthy of emulation. Mis activity was uninterrupted until a short time before his departure ami as he lived he did with his might what his hand ami brain found to do. In jx dit ic-s he supported the principles of Den and while an ar- n die traditions and doctrines of his party and active in promoting i nor in am ambitious for official or public distinct lie enjoyed popularity with all clas his reputation as a neighbor, friend and citi- zen was such gain a 1; public esteem, all who knew him resecting him for his many sterling qualities of and heart. Mr. Anglin lived on his farm .n Prairie township until [897, at which time he changed his r < to the village of Etna Green, where, after a short ill >slj but trustfully yielded Up his 'lie 0.1 the 7111 day of June. \X*><). the pri- mary ■ ! his death being cancer. Mr. and Mrs. Anglin reared a family consisting of two s,,ns and three daughters, namely: Louemma C. wife of J Burkett, oi Wisconsin; Annetta K. now Mrs. Charles Klinger, living in Scott township, this coun- tv ; Melvin J. married Sarah Estep and re- in Mil ford; Edward W., who married ' ianhorn, lives in lit : the youngest of the family. Matilda E., wi John Wesley Stackhouse, resident of the above village. Since her husband's Mrs. Vnglin has continued to 1: Etna Green, where her beautiful Christian character and useful life have won for her an abidir. in the confidence an teem of the popul S i- has the unbounded love and affection of her children and i~ also highly esteemed ge circle of warm personal friends .-ecu and elsewhere. In her \x ful home she dispenses with free hand a genuine hospitality which sweetens tin come accorded he- and in ■■■ charity she contributes liberally of her 1 to benevolent objects. N".. worth) pi applv her for aid empty-handed away. and. liki E ;ii ouse - and ui mau- ■ - e and none ;ase _ he p er p : nd mer.- righter and better be eer- ap- i an I £ -n. a modern orca- nd labor i Jt ov »d fear TH' "RIGHT. :h prese- ing agricuh E Prairie . and be t effected ^ ry. He v. *n on the | ■ id Mai right, the 1 nat mother nd. H ■ throughoui \ - - n \na, _ Vinamac ai ■ red ar. ved a ^nd nd became s i zen. He continue*! where I - nd char.. re his death occurred -ars -S an influential man and ind he acquired an ample com- petence and for mar the i as a leading me Ba; -eh and i omental de- l . -. . i 5 I2 COMI'EXPICM OF BIOGRAl'HY. Oliver, John, Thomas J., Cynthia, Sarah, Hannah, Nancy A., Mahala and I A'. The childhood and youthful yen- Thomas J. Wright wen- spent on the home place in the woods of Van Buren township and by reason of the absence of schi grew up without the educational facilil which the majority of boys enjoy. \- as old enough he was put to work with the ax, an implement which he learned t" wield with great dexterity, and while a boy in his early 'teens he worked alongside of men and did the same amount of lalx.r which they performed. Living remote from neighbors, lie had few associates and sadly were his educational privileges neglected that at the tune "■' his marn he could n< >t write. Later in life lie made ii]i for tin- deficiency by diligent private study under the direction of his wife, who had been a successful school teacher; he not <.nly became well acquainted with the or- dinary branches, but obtained a wide and varied knowledge of history and genera] lit- erature and became well informed upon cur- rent events, lie was especially apt in or- thography and it was almost impossible to find a word in the English language that he could not -pell correctly and that, too. upon the impulse of the moment. In year- gone by the old-fashioned spelling school was a | ular institution socially a- well a- education- ally, and to it i- traceable the knowlei eji orthography which the majority of yoi men ami women of the early time- possess* Mr. Wright was accustomed t<> attend these p pular gatherings and invariably carried off the honors a- the champion s|K-ller. 1 i always the first one chosen and the last t> take 1: M the final contest of the even When a young man he married Miss Rebekkah Fuller, daughter of Miner and Mary (Mayor) Fuller, the father l««rn in Pennsylvania, the mother a native of ! land. The Fullers were descendants General Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonder- oga, and the Major family came from Eng- land in an early day and -ettled in that part ■ I' Pennsylvania where the former had re- since before the Revolutionary strug- gle. Mr. and Mr-. Fuller moved to K usko county . Indiana, and settled at Milford, at which place and elsewhere in Van Buren township Mr-. Wright taught school for several years before her marriage. After his marriage Mr. Wright bej farming a- a renter on his father'- farm and subsequently moved to Prairie township, where he also cultivated the -oil on land I for the purpose. 1 le began lit very limited circumstances, hut by ei and perseverance gradually surmounted the many obstacles by which he was beset and e time found himself the possessor ol sufficient mean- to make a payment on an eighty-acre tract of wild land to which he at once moved and which ha- since been his home. I li- experience in felling the for- ind developing his farm was similar in all respect- to the hard work which the early settlers in all new countries were ol to perform, and need not he described in de- tail in this connection. Hard and long tinued toil was his lot. ami. cheered and en- couraged by his faithful helpmate, he _ ually extended the area of his cultivable land until he had one of the best improved farms and most valuable in the township of I'rai- I le has added to his tl dif- ! time- ami today is classed with the most enterprising ami successful farmers COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 5i3 and stock raiders in the community, owning property conservatively estimated to be worth over ten thousand dollars, every cent of which lias been earned by his own efforts, Mr. Wright has been a hard-working man and he attributes his success to a >n- secutive industry and careful management. As a tiller of the soil he ranks with the most progressive of bis fellow citizens and in the matter of live stock, especially the breeding and raising of fine Berkshire hogs, his suc- cess has long been assured. He keeps him- self well posted in everything relating to agricultural science and puts his knowledge to practical use in the cultivation of his :rops. being considered one of the most suc- :essful corn raisers in the county of Kos- :iuski 1. In bis political affiliations Mr. Wright is 1 pronounced Republican, and since attain- ing his majority has never failed to cast a ballot in behalf of his party at any election. He has frequently represented his township ind county in conventions. During his in- :urnbencv he took great interest in educa- tional matters, especially in beautifying school property; be erected several fine juildings and added to the attractiveness of ill schoolhouses within his jurisdiction. On iccount of his own limited intellectual ad- vantages in youth, he has always taken a lively interest in educational matters and .tses his influence to advance the standard of irofessional excellence among the teachers jf the township in which he lives. Mr. Wright has a beautiful and attra. 1 .ve home, ever) feature of which indicates the presence of contentment and thrift. 1 U believes in using the good things of this world and lias lived so as to gel from life the greatest amount of pleasure and profit possible. Among his neighbors he is high- ly regarded as a citizen and discharges every duty incumbent upon him with the object in view of promoting the general welfare of the community, materially and morally. Mrs. Wright was a zealous member of the United Brethren church. While not con- nected with any church organization Mr. Wright has profound respect for religion and is liberal in the support of the congre- gation with which his wife is identified. He exerts a wholesome influence in behalf of all moral reforms and movements which. promise to benefit humanity and speaks with 111 1 uncertain meaning when the good of the c immunity is under consideration. The home of Air. and Mrs. Wright has been brightened by the presence of seven children, all of whom have left the family fireside and started in the world upon their own responsibility. Ella, the first born, married Eli Klinger, a well-known farmer of Harrison township; Lewis F. married Em- ma Orcut and lives in Colorado; Thomas X.. of Rochester. Indiana, married Ada Yager, of this county; Albert married Mat- tie Burt and is a liveryman at Etna Green; Myrtle is the wife of William Crayton and lives on a farm in the township of Harri- son; Harry lives in Tippecanoe township, this state, and is also married, his wife be- ing formerly Miss Elsie V. McCruen; Charles, the youngest of the family, is de- ceased. DAVID S. WELCH. David S. Welch, grain buyer and local agent of the Pennsylvania railroad at \t- is a gentleman of marked bus 5'4 COMI'nXl'IUM OF BIOGR.U'IIY. ability, qualified in every way for the im- portant position lu- occupies anil it is jusl that specific recognition lie accorded liini in the pages of 1 1 1 i — volume. Back to stanch old Irish and German stock <\\ for him a commendable g in the business world. At what time in the past the ancestors of the American branch of the Welch family came t" America i- not known, but it i- sup- 1 to have been at a period antedating the colonial struggle for independence. The) settled in Virginia, as did also the Groves family, from which the subji maternally descended. The Welches were planter- and some of them appear t" have ive-holders and firm believers in the right of man to use hi- fellow man as a menial ami an article of traffic. Vmong ijinal ancestors was i me Joseph Welch, who t<"'k issue with his relatives upon the matter of involuntarj ser- vitude. He early manifested a profound antagonism to slave-holding and when ar- riving at the year- of manhood determined t>> ii" longer live in a state cursed with the presence of this, to him. most nefarious in- stitution. Accordingly he left the familiar - of hi- native place and migrated to the free -oil of Ohio, where for a number i worked at cabinetmaking, which had formerly learned in Virginia, lie ntinued to follow hi- trade in the Buck- ite until his removal, in an early day. grange county. Indiana, where he en- tered a quarter-section of land in what is a the township of Bloomfield. On com- | to tin- i Welch turned his attention to agricultural pur-nit- and fol- lowed the -ante with good results until his retirement from active life, after which he took up hi- abode in the town of I where he -pent the remainder of his a therein [863. During the time on his farm he cleared and brought to a high state of tillage one hundred acn tine land and wa- considered one of the agriculturists of die community in which he lived. As a citizen he ranked with est men of his township and county and his influence was invariably exerted upon the right -ide of every moral question. Po- litically he wa- one of the leading !<■ licans of hi- neighborhood, ami a- a mem- l the Methodist Episcopal church he quiet, consistent church life. The maiden name of Mr-. Joseph Wei''' was Elizabeth l - so was pronounced in her allegiance to the Methodist church. li\ed consistently with her religious pi -ion and died tru-tin i s r in the merits of a Saviour whom she had so long and faith- fully Joseph and Elizabeth W were the parent- of -even children, V name- are a- follow-: John W .. Thomas E., Jacob, l\. S.. Mary and Lucy. D. S Welch, the direct subject of this review, wa- lx.rn in Madison county. Ohio, August 7. 1834. The advantages which come from a life in close touch with nature in all of it- varied phases were hi- ami un- til fifteen years old he -pent hi- time in the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 5i5 fields, performing such duties as usually fall to the lot of lads reared amid the peaceful lursuits of the farm. Meanwhile he spent ihree winter seasons in such schools as the .'ountry afforded and at the above age took ip carpenter}, which he followed until at- taining his majority. When a little past wenty-nne he engaged in the mercantile tusiness at .Lagrange in partnership with an ilder brother, going in debt for their stuck >f gi ods and trusting to the future to make jood the amount they assumed. The busi- less proved successful from the start and he firm continued for a period of sixteen ears, during which time the store became me 1 if the leading establishments of the kind n Lagrange. At the expiration of this leriod the subject severed his connection vith the business and with a capital of about ive thousand dollars came to Kosciusko :ounty, locating at Atwood, where he in- vested a portion of his means in a large stock if miscellaneous merchandise and again an- lounced himself a candidate for a share of lublic patronage. He opened his store at \t\vood in 1866 and continued to sell goo Is intil 1882. meantime purchasing a beauti- ul farm of seventy-five acres in Harrison ownship. besides making other fortunate nvestments. In connection with merchan- lising he began, some time prior to 1882, o bin and ship grain and ultimately dis- iosed of his stock and devoted his attention the latter business, which he has since car- led on with flattering success. Mr. Welch's well-known abilities in his arious lines of trade were early recognized y the management of the Pennsylvania rail- oad, who offered him the position of local gent. This he accepted and proved in every respect a most competent and popular agent, his relations with the company and with the public as well being of the most sat- isfactory character. He has discharged the duties of the position to the present time and no doubt can remain with the company as king as he sees fit to retain the place. Mr. Welch has built up an extensive and lucrative grain business, the amount of his yearly shipments comparing favorably with those of the largest buyers in this section of of the state. Kind and obliging in all of his dealings and possessing the faculty of winning friends, he has attracted the major part of the trade of a large area of territory' surrounding Atwood and numbers among his customers the best people of the country. By discriminating judgment, careful man- agement and judicious tact he has amassed an ample competence and enjoys the repu- tation of being one of the strong financhl men of the county of Kosciusko. Mr. Welch has a fine modern hi ime in the town of Atwood. which was presided over for some years by his estimable wife. whose maiden name was Sarah J. Hill. She was the daughter of E. and Hannah Hill, natives of Xew York, and lxire her husband five children, namely: Maggie E.. wife of Oscar Wallace, of Warsaw; Cora B., wife of Sherman A. Pyle, of Lagrange"; Fred ('.. wdio married Grace Phillips and lives in .Michigan; and Frank E.. who entered into the marriage relation with Miss Blanche Blue and at the present time is his father's associate in the grain business. The mother of these children was a lady of many excellent traits and for a number of years a pious and consistent member of the United Brethren church. After a happy 5«6 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. and contented married life she was called to the- xtlicr world, her death occurring on the 6th day of January. 1902. Mr. Welch is ii"t identified with an) church, although he is a man of deep feeling ami lias pronounced views relative to re- ligious matters, lie i- a liberal supporter i>i" the congregation t" which his wife be- 1. but his benefactions are by m 1 means confined to that society alone, as he \ with a tree hand to all enterprises by means "i which the mural and religious condition of the community may be benefited, lie was made a Mason when twenty-one years of md since that time has been an active worker in the fraternity, belonging at pres- ent t>> tin p ■ - ;>\ . He has tilled all the principal official positions in the lodge, from master down, and i- - .' leading member of the chapter meeting in the above city. Mr. Welch believe- that all good citizens should take an active interest in politics, a- the government of our country depends upon the elective franchise. lli> reading and investigation, a- well as his natural in- clination-, early led him to espouse the prin- - "f the Republican party and fr>>m the 1 twenty-one to the present time he has Ken .in ardent supporter of the party to which he belongs. During campaigns he is an active worker ami not infrequently has hi- advice been sought and followed in some of the most stirring in the history of the county. He has ■ m an office seeker, hut in t8f E many friends, his name permitted to ^.. before the convention for nomination a.- county treasurer. Other competitors with following bei the I 'iv e the honor, hut this in no wise lessened his ardor in behalf of the successful candidate in the ensuing campaign. Few citizens of Kosciusko county are more widely known or more highly esteemed than the honored subject of this -ketch, lie - been successful in business, respe in social life and a- a neighbor ha- dis- charged his duty in a manner becoming liberal-minded, intelligent citizen of the -tate where the essential qualities of manhood are duly recognized and prized at their true value. He has figured prominently in the public >f hi- township and county and the position he today occupies a- a po- tential factor in the community has well and nobly earned. JAMES K. SMITH. For a number of year- the subject of this review enjoyed much more than repute a- an educator, but since 1898 he has ted hi- entire time and attention to mer- cantile pursuit-. lie i- "in- "f the widely known young men of Kosciusko county, of which he i- a native, and ev <. early manhood has contributed much to the ma- terial development and intellectual growth of the different communities in which his lot was cast. The branch of the Smith family of which the subject is an honorable repre- sentative wa- known from very early times in Pennsylvania, in which -t grand- father was horn and reared. Tin- an later moved t" Fulton county. Ohio, where Family lived until about the year 1855, at which time they came to Kos< iusko coun- ty and -ettled in the township of Harrison. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 517 Henry T. Smith, father of James E., was a young man when his parents moved to this county. He grew to maturity on the home farm in Harrison township and in 1862 was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Ames, whose parents were among the earliest settlers of Kosciusko county, their arrival antedating the year [836. Mr. Ames became a large land owner and influ- ential citizen and to him as much as to any one man was Harrison township indebted for much of its earlier growth and pros- perity. Some years after his deatli his widow married Air. Smith, the subject's grandfather, and she is still living at an ad- vanced age. Some time after his marriage Henry T. Smith took up his residence in the town of Bourbon, Marshall county, where he en- gaged in the manufacture of lumber. He was an honest, hard-working man and he continued to reside in the above town until the death of his wife, which occurred No- vember 1, 1878. She bore him four chil- dren: Mary J., wife of Frank Day, a busi- ness man of Chicago; James E., of this re- view : Cora E., who married Elias Hart, a farmer of North Dakota; and .Minnie L., wife of Prof. L. D. Vaughn, a teacher of Prairie township. living in Atwood, James E. Smith was born in Harrison township. Kosciusko county, on the 21st day of August, 1865. Until his fourteenth year he lived with his parents in the town of Bourbon and at the proper age entered the public schools, which he attended at that place until the death of his mother. De- pined of the love and tender solicitude which only a mother knows, and that, too, at aii age when a boy most needs her wis- dom ami guidance, young Smith was thrown upon his own resources and compelled to carve out, unaided, his destiny in a cold and uncharitable world. The year following the breaking up of his home ties he worked for his board and clothing and such was the efficient service he rendered that the year following he was hired by a fanner at seven dollars per m< null. While thus engaged, he attended of winter seasons the public schools and realizing the value of education, not only as a means of intellectual development but also as a potent factor in aiding its possessor to surmount unfavorable environments and make his way through life successfully, he prosecuted his studies with zealous earnestness and soon outstripped the majority of his classmates. While attending the district schools he did chores for his board and by carefully hus- banding his earnings the rest of the year laid by in due time sufficient means to en- able him to attend a term at the Northern Indiana Normal College at Valparaiso. Mr. Smith entered that well known and popular institution in the fall of 1883 and by dili- gent application made such headway in his various studies that the following year he successfully passed an examination and ob- tained a teacher's license. He taught his first term in district No. 9. Prairie township, in the winter of 1884-5. ani ' tne following fall was graduated from the commercial de- partment of the Valparaiso Normal College with a creditable record. Mr. Smith brought to his school work a mind well disciplined by close and critical study and from the beginning of his career as an educator his success was assured. While a student in college he paid especial attention to the art of imparting instruction and his methods of teaching, as well as his 5.8 COMPENDIUM OJ : BIOGRAPHY. tact in governing, at once made him pop- ular with pupils and patrons. Hi- second term was also taught in the township of Prairie, and he continued educational work in that part of the county until [898, with the exception of the winter of 1885 and 1886, when he taught a term in Etna town- ship. In October, [886, Mr. Smith and Miss Delia Hillery were made husband and wife; latter was 1m. rn in Prairie township. This union was severed by the death Mr-. Smith, who answered the summons to the other life on the 30th day of May, l8J leaving one child. Merlin < )., whose birth occurred September 6, [887. He is an ex- ceeding!) bright and affable lad, devoti his studies and gives promise of future use- fulness, lie was graduated from the com- mon schools in 1901 and is now a student ^i the \tw 1 high school, where he hi ready made an honorable record both in his studies and general deportment. Mr. Smith'-- second marriage was solemnized with Mi-- Elizabeth Huffer, daughter of .■ : Huffer, a native of Pennsylvania and one of the enterprising farmer- of \- usko county: this union has been blessed with three children, one of whom is de- ed; the other two are Rex Edwin, born Decembei 28, 1898, and Ruby !'•.. whose birth occurred August 18, [901. In the summer of 1893 Mr. Smith I., ught a half interest in a hardware -ton \tw 1 and during the five years fol lowing -old g Is in connection with teach- devoting the winter seasons to the lat- ter occupation ami the other mouth- to mer- chandising. In 1898 he purchased his part- ner'- interest in the business and has since sole proprietor, being now in the en- joyment of a large and lucrative trade which is continually incn in volume. His success 111 the mercantile line ha- more than met his expectations. He has a large and carefully -elected -t' >ck and by always kecp- ; hand every article in the hardware nd carefully attending to the wants of his customers, he ha- established his busi- - and the future out- look i- m every way bright and encot ing. When Mr. Smith was tir-t married prospects were any thing hut brilliant. Ik- had no means worth mentioning and it re- quired all of his salary a- a teacher to main- tain his humble dome-tic establishment an 1 keep hunger from the door. By the cl< kind of economy he succeeded in laying aside a -mall amount, sufficient to make a pay- ment on the hardware interest which he pur- chased, and from that time on a better era began to dawn. Since obtaining entire con- trol of the business he ha- forged rapidly to the front until he is now worth in excess of tive thousand dollars, all of which has come to him within the last three or four years. Not the least of the factor- which have contributed to hi- success are hi- genial manners and de-ire to please. Kind and affable to all. he possesses the tact to win friend- ami hi- place of business i- well known to the farming community adjacent to the town, his customers being among the best and most reliable men of the village and surrounding country. Not only as a teacher and business man has Mr. Smith won a respectable standing in the community, hut as a public-spirited citizen, interested in general improvements and matters political, he has also become widely and favorably known. \- a Repub- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 5i9 lican he has wielded a potential influence in his township, which he now represents on the county central committee, and in the management of campaigns his services have contributed much to the success of his party at the polls. He is a charter member of Lodge No. 326, K. of P., of which he was the first chancellor commander, and was honored by being chosen its first representa- tive to the grand lodge. Much of the success which has recently crowned Mr. Smith's efforts is due to his estimable wife, who has proven herself not only a companion but a helpmate in the widest sense of the term. She is a well ed- ucated lady, deeply interested in religious and charitable work, and as a zealous mem- ber -of the United Brethren church of At- wood has endeared herself to the corramu- nity by her beautiful Christian benevolence, as well as her activity in the cause of re- ligion. After completing the common school course she took full courses in busi- ness and stenography and for several years enjoyed the distinction of being one of the most successful teachers in the Kosciusko county public schools. Mr. Smith is also identified with the United Brethren denom- ination and for several years past has been zealous in the Sum lay school work, serving as superintendent, and at the present time is teacher of one of the largest and most in- telligenl classes of any Bible school in the ti >w 11. Briefly and as succinctly as possible have been recorded in the foregoing lines the leading tacts in the life of a very active anil successful man, and it remains for a future writer t" prepare a more complete and ap- pn ipriate biography. WILLIAM VV. McKINLEY. In a quiet cemetery near the thriving city of South Bend. Indiana, may be seen an old grave of an unusually large size, at the head of which stands a modest stone containing a simple epitaph to the memory of James and Mary McKinley. These were the grandparents on the paternal side of the subject of this sketch, also of the late William McKinley. one of America's most distinguished statesmen and the beloved president of the United States, whose recent tragic death at the hand of a cowardly as- sassin caused sorrow in every loyal Amer- ican home and awakened the profound sym- pathy of the civilized world. The name McKinley is destined to occupy an honored place in American history as long as time endures. It will remain forever a monu- ment of the grand possibilities which may be realized under the benign influence of our free institutions and will continue in the future, as it has been in the past, a stimulus to nobler deeds and greater activities on the part of a young man of intelligence and en- ergy upon whom fortune casts no benignant smiles. Paternally the McKinley family is de- scended from sturdy Scotch- Irish ancestry, the antecedents of the American branch coming to this country in an early day from the Emerald Isle. In a quiet rural bury- ing ground in that beautiful, romantic and historic sea-girt land, sleeping the sleep that knows no waking on the side of the valley of shadows, iie the bodies of many of the McKinley family, some of whose graves are marked by appropriate epitaphs, while others rest beneath unknown sod which time 520 COMl'llxniUM OF BIOGRAPHY. for untold years has clothed with recurring vestures i »f living green. Mr. James McKinley, above referred to, was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, September 19, [783, married Mary Rose on the -'Dili day of August, 1804, and in an early day moved t" eastern <>hi'>. Subse- quently he came to Indiana and located near Si mtli Bend, where he spent the remainder <>f hi- hie. A remarkable coincide™ connection with the death of this sturdy couple is the fad that both were called aw a; mi the forty-third anniversary of their mar- August 20, t S4 7 . and their lx. dies were buried in the same grave. At the time of his deatli James McKinley was aged six- ty-three years, eleven months and one day, and his wife's age was fifty-eight year-, nine months and five days when she ex- changed the earthly life for immortality. Among the children of James and Mary Mc- Kinley v u by the name of John, whose birth occurred either in Mercer coun- ty, Pennsylvania, or in eastern Ohio. He married in the latter state Mi-- Eliza J. Boyle and became the father of eleven chil- dren, whose nam. - follows: James, Benjamin 11.. Alexander II.. Mary. John W.. Lucius P... William \\\. Sarah E., Ira and Henry M.. seven of whom are li\ • the present time. John McKinley remained in eastern Ohio until 1855. at which time he disposed of his interests there and came to Indiana, locating "ii a farm near Mnncie. Delaware county, where for a few year- he followed ultural pursuits. When :. young man he prepared himself for the Methodist min- istry and some time after coming to Indi- ana lie entered upon the active dutii the holy office by taking charge of a circuit containing several churches in Delaware and other counties in the west central |»art of tiie state. He continued as an itinerant a number of year- ami at one time served as presiding elder of hi- district. His reputa- tion a- an earnest, eloquent preacher of the gospel became widely known and the various churches over which he exercised pastoral control grew in numbers and influence, thus causing hi- services to he in great demand at the meeting of the conference when cir- cuit- and charges were apportioned among the various ministers. In the higher and responsible position of presiding 1 he was equally energetic and displayed tine executive abilities in the management of the district in his charge. John McKinley lived a useful life unselfishly devoted to the serv- ice of 1 lod m saving men. and in the church triumphant he no doubt wears many jewels in his crown of rejoicing by reason of the number of souls brought into the Kingdom through his earnest efforts able minister of the Word. He departed this life at Mnncie in 1896; hi- wife pre- ceded him to the other world by live dying in the year 1891. William W. McKinley. whose name pear- at the head of this article, is th. enth child of John and Eliza McKinle wa- horn in the town of \ile-. Trumbull county. Ohio, August 20, 1850. He was five years old when brought to Indiana. from which lime until nineteen he remained with hi- parents and assisted with the varied duties of the farm in Delaware county. In hi- twentieth year he left the Home fireside and went to Missouri, in which state lie worked at any honorable employment he could find until 1873, when he returned home and made arrangements to improve COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 521 lis education, which unfortunately had been greatly neglected during his childhood and youthful years. With the exception of a few broken terms in the district schools he •ad received little intellectual training, and, •ealizing the need of greater knowledge than le then possessed and appreciating the ad- vantages which education would bring to 1:111, he determined to subordinate every )ther consideration to the one great end id jecoming a scholar. Having perfected his plans. Air. McKin- ey in 1881 entered the Northern Indiana Normal University at Valparaiso, taking a select course of studying with the two-fold jbject in view of enlarging his intellectual lorizon and preparing himself for the pro- fession of teaching. Applying himself as- siduously to his studies, he labored zealous- y until completing the prescribed course, ifter which he received a high-grade license, enabling him to teach in the public schools :>f Kosciusko county. He taught his first term at the town of Oswego and there dem- anstrated much more than average abilit) is an instructor and disciplinarian. Meet- ing with success and encouragement in lis first attempt, he was encouraged to con- tinue the work and for a period of ten con- secutive years he taught at various places in the county and earned an enviable reputa- tion as a scholarly and skillful educator. While engaged in educational work Mr. McKinlev always carried first-class licenses and never permitted himself to fall behind in any matters of progressive pedagogy. By diligent application, he kept himself full. abreast the age both in scholarship and method, was an active participant in the de- liberations of institutes and teachers' asso nations, m which he exercised a decided in- fluence upon the public-school system of Kosciusko count}-. For- several years he taught common district schools, but as his name and reputation became more widely recognized he was chosen (principal of a number of graded schools, notably among which were those in the towns of Burket and Atwood. He also had charge of three normal institutions at Atwood and Warsaw respectively, and as an instructor of teach- ers fully sustained the reputation he had formerly won in the subordinate positions. Unfortunately for Air. McKinlev. he be- came afflicted with rheumatism and that, too. in such an aggravated form as seriously to interfere with his efficiency in the school room. This dreaded ailment continued to increase in violence until at length, from the age of twenty years, he was compelled to use crutches to aid his locomotion, and. although partially recovered, he still suf- fers greatly at times and is now in a sadly crippled condition. By reason of this in- firmity, together with the demands of his private business affairs, he retired perma- nently from school work in 1890 and has since devoted his attention to merchan- dising. On the 4th day of November, [886, was solemnized the marriage of William W. McKinlev and Miss Lauretta Hayhurst, daughter of Bazeleel Hayhurst. Mrs. Mc- Kinley's parents were natives of Pennsyl- vania and of Irish-English lineage. They came to Kosciusko count)' in pioneer times and settled in Harrison township, where the father entered land and afterwards became a successful fanner, lie was also a well- known citizen and after a long and useful life died on the place which he originally purchased from the government. 5 - 2 couriixinuu of biography. Mr. and Mrs. McKinley's happy mar- ried life has been blessed with one child, Trella '/... who was born April 28, [888. Sin- is a bright miss of fourteen in whom her parent- have centered man-, fond hopes, ami at this time is pursuing her studies in the schools "i ^twood. Mr. and Mr-. Mc- kinley began housekeeping in the above town, which they have since made their home. While teaching in [890, the subject bought an interest in a small mercantile busi- ness in Atwood and at the expiration of his •term that year purchased the entire stock and became the sole proprietor. lie soon added to the stock and the business, under his efficient management, has continued to increase until he now has one of the best arranged and most extensivelj patronized of the kind in the town. By care- fully studying the tastes of his customers and catering to the demands of the trade his business grew to such proportions as to ren- der necessary a room of greatly enlarged capacity S cordingly, in 1895, ne erected his present building, a neat and substantial structure which answers well the purpose which intended ; he aNo built a residence four years later and is now well situated. both from business and domestic points view. \s > well known by all who have given the matter itleuti. in the hardest worked and | rest paid of any air public servants fact patent to all that more is required of him than from the individual in an) other of the learned Few educators are noted wealth and if perchanci her . and then he found well situated it may anted that his means ]i iv, . .1 room. Afl spending ten of the best \ears of his hfe in this noble and elevating work. Mr. McKiu- ley found himself the possessor of means barely sufficient to meet current expe To better his condition financially was one of the prime reas, .ns that induced him to retire from the profession and turn his at- tention to a vocation which promised more libera] returns and less consecutive toil. Since engaging solely in merchandising he has met with encouraging success and is now the p ssi-ss, , r of a handsome property and a competence running well up into the thousands, every dollar of which has come to him as the result of carefully laid plans, mature judgment and skillful management It is not too much to claim for Mr. Mc- Kinlev intellectual culture and general in- formation far in excess of the average man. With a mind well disciplined by sch< and professional training and many \ears • ■f contad with the young as a teacher, he lecome widely informed on many sub- lle is a careful reader of the world's lest literature, a close student of current events, and his know led g< mong hi- fellow citizens as one of the most scholarly and best jw -ste-d men in the community. Such a man would naturally take much more than a passing interest in political, economic and kindred subjects and this the subject has done for a nuinl» years. Well acquainted with the 1 parties, his inclinations and reading early led him to look upon the Democratic party ty of tin- nd a- eml* >d\ ing ain any prestige by reason of his close re- itionship to our late distinguished Presi- ent, believing the motto, "What I am, not hat my relations are." to contain the true hilosophy of life; while proud of his an- ?strv and of the prominence which the ord McKinley has gained in history, his rm convictions are that every man should ;Iy upon his own efforts and carve out his \vn fortune and destiny. Mr. McKinley is prominent in Odd Fel- nvship. having passed all the chairs in ,odge Xm. 493, of which he is a member. esides representing it in the grand lodge prm two occasions. He has a profound and :verent regard for sacred things and be- eves the visible church to be the most otent factor for revolutionizing the world jr good and winning man to the highest fe. His membership with the United irethren denomination dates back many ears, and since becoming a resident of At- ood he has been one of the leaders of the >cal congregation. For several years he ;rved as class leader and as a Sunday :hool worker and official, and lias done ef- L-ctive service in advancing the moral and sligious status of the community. Mrs. IcKinley is also an active church member, live to all the good work of the congrega on and its various societies, and with her 32 husband is highly esteemed by all with whom she is acquainted. Thus briefly and perhaps imperfectly have been set forth the salient facts and prominent characteristics in the life and character of one of Kosci- usko county's intelligent men and public benefactors. Honored by all who km >w him for his useful and blameless life, high- ly regarded as a citizen, it is eminently fit- ting in closing this sketch to compliment him by saying that the community in which he lives lias never known a better type of in- telligent, scholarly, courteous. Christian gentleman. Mr. and Mrs. McKinley have in their possession a couple of interesting and val- uable relics. One is an old parchment deed, bearing the date of June 25, 1841, and signed by President John Tyler, and which hears title to one hundred and sixty acres of land. The other relic is an emery ball, which is covered with an embroiderv of knit cloth, in which is worked the date of its making, 1783. JOHN W. ANGLIN. Few indeed are the residents of Kosci- usko county whose identification therewith dates from 1837. For sixty-seven years John W. Anglin has made bis home in Prai- rie township, one of the honored citizens and substantial men of the community. He was born in Barbour county, Virginia, Septem- ber 12. 1835. and is the son of James and Matilda (Hall) Anglin. both parents na- tives of that state and of Scotch-Irish or- igin. James Anglin was a fanner by oc- cupation. In [837 lie sold his place in Vir- ginia atnl came to. Kosciusko countv, Indi- 5-4 COMl'ESDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ana, entering a large tract of land in Prairie township and also purchasing considerable real estate in the county of Mar-hall. Hi- place ni Prairie township was unimproved at the tunc he t< " >k possessii >n and he ei little log cabin of the o »n\ enl in life in a true pioneer style. In due time Ik- cleared a number "t' which were broken by oxen, a- he « 1 i * I nut own horses until some year- after his rival, lie became a very successful fanner and acquired ample mean-, the greater part <>f hi- fortune consisting of teal estate, which increased rapidly in value with the growth and development of the country. He was one of the leading and influential men of his neighborhood, took an active part in advancing the material interests of his township ami county and departed this life in 1^74. highly esteemed bj a cle of friends who had learned to prize him for hi- sterling qualities and exemplary Christian character. Mr-. Matilda Anglin preceded her husband to the grave in [857 and - ntly he married another lady, Man Scott, who is still living. Mr. Ang- lin's I ' resulted in nine children, namely: David II.. Harvey M.. John \\ '.. Mary, James F., Samuel IX. Elizabeth, Adi- son and Hiram. Of these four were horn in Vi nd five in Kosciusko county, Indiana. The second marriage was blessed with dren, nearly all of whom grew f maturity. When three years old John \\ . \i . by his parents to Kosciusko count) and his early experiences w< die pioneer period in which he grew I. For several years his onlv playfellows aside from his brothers Indian children that lived near bv. between whom and their white companions warm and friendly fa sprang up. roamed the wood- together, took part in mimic hunt-, tested their markmanship with how- and arrows and in many ways passed the time very pleasantl) a- long as the red man remained in the country. Young Anglin early became proficient in the use of tin- ax. and when a lad of fifteen made a hand at any kind of work with that implement. He became one of the most skillful choppers in his neighborhood and seemed never to tire while cutting cord wood, making rail-, clearing land or doing any kind of work requiring strength of muscle and earnestness of purpose. Mr. Anglin's only educational privih such a- die subscription school, taught in a little round-log cabin, afforded; he seems to have distanced his classmates in his Studies, however, for a- early a- 1853 lie selected to teach a term near hi- father's and from what can now he learned his school \ success, measured by the standard of excellence a- then recognized. He continued to live at home, assisting with arm work, until about twentj age, when he turned hi- attention to carpen- tering, in which he early displayed unusual efficiency and which he followed with suc- and profit until 1882. Meanwhile Mr. Anglin became inter- ested in farming ami some time in the 1 'sixties came into possession of a place in Prairie township which hi nee made his home. He purchased additional land from tim< e until his place com; two hundred and eighty-tl it- pres- ent area, and at a verj conservative estimate it now represents a value of at least fifteen thousand doll 'COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 525 Air. Anglin was married March 29, 1865, tn .Miss Mary E. Conk, whose birth xxurred on the 18th day of December, 1844. Her parents, George W. and Mercy 3. (Redrow) Cook, were natives of Xew fersey, but early came to Indiana and set- ied in Randolph count}-, thence later moved the county of Kosciusko, where they were iving when the marriage of their daughter 00k place. After their marriag-e Mr. and drs. Anglin moved to their present place >f abode in Prairie township and now have . beautiful home, every appearance of which lespeaks a spirit of thrift, happiness and ontent. They have the following children : ^aura B.. born September 4, 1867; Arthur .. born January 1, 1872, married Emma V. Crabbe and is also a resident of Prai- ie; George W., horn October 7, 1874, is iow a student in the medical department if the Chicago University; Blanche B., born Utgust 15. 1877. married Harvey E. Crabbe nd died at Buffalo, Xew York. June 13, 901: Homer I'.., who was born June 12, 879, is a single man and lives on the home arm, which he manages. In his political affiliations Mr. Anglin 5 a Democrat, but he has never been a very ctive participant in party affairs. In mat- ers of business he has always been char- cterized by sound judgment and the ample rieans which are now his are the result of he exercise of those correct principles which /hen properly directed invariably win suc- ess. As a citizen he has discharged every uty in a most exemplary and praiseworthy tanner and as a neighbor and friend none tand higher in the confidence and esteem of he community. Religiously he is a Meth- xlist. and his wife also belongs to that hurch. both being very active in the good work of their congregation, especially in the Sunday school, where their services have long been of great value. Since the year 1882 Mr. Anglin has de- voted his attention principally to looking after his agricultural interests and selling farm machinery, his success in the latter be- ing very gati tying. He has been a mem- ber of the State Horse Thief Association for about thirty years, during which time he has been instrumental in bringing in large number of law breakers to justice and securing for several of them long sentences in the state prison. Mr. and Mrs. Anglin are among the oldest and must highly es- teemed people of Prairie township and by reason of long residence their names have become widely known throughout the coun- ty. All who know them speak in high praise of their many estimable qualities and the general wish is that they may be spared many years to the community in which they have lived so long and so well. As being of interest to the readers of this volume, the following newspaper extract re- ferring to the subject's daughter, Blanche ]'., is here reprinted: Blanche Bernice Crabbe, daughter of John W. anil Mary E. Anglin, was born at Clunelte, Knsciusko county. Indiana, August 15, 18'iT. ami died at her home in Buffalo, New York, June 13, 1901. On the '2'2nd of September, 1897, she was united in marriage to Harvey E. Crabbe, also of Clunette, and who had been her friend and ardent admirer from earliest childhood. This union proved to be a peculiarly hap- py one, and while of a short duration was character- ized by extraordinary devotion and felicity, the attach- ment being beautifully reciprocal. Sister Crabbe united with the Methodist Episcopal church in Clunette when about sixteen years of age, and retained htr membership in the home church till after her marriage and removal in Buffalo in l v 97, at which time she identified herself with the Linwood Avenue Methodist Episcopal church of that city, of which churcii she remained a faithful member till [he 526 COMI'E.xnilU OF BhKiKAI'IlY day of her .leath and translation to "the church of the she was the recipient of a very marked religious experience during a revival mi conducted by the Eva W. Ruth, in the win- ter ot ltw, and the influence of that meeting remained with her to the end. Her Biblewas her constant com- panion and her trusted guide. The prayer-meeting was her delight, and her earnest prayers and inspiiing will long be remembered by her fellow- worshipers. Her pleasant smile, her kind words and her winsome w.i>- made her a great favorite, attracting all and repelling none. She had remarkable - powers, and made her life a blessing lo the sick, the aged, the i r and the stranger. Her life was one of unusual gentleness and sweetness. She suffered much for several years, and her last illness was prolonged and painful, yet no murmur escaped her lips. Like l„ T m her favorite es being: "He was oppressed, and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth.' Another: "Fori reckon that the sufferings ot this present time .ire not worthy to he compared with tin- glory which shall hi- revealed to us." she has passed through suf- fering to glory, and will he found among that while- robed throng "winch came out ot u're.it tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb." [Tie funeral was attended from the home in Buf- falo, also from her former home and birthplao the little church in Clunelte where she gave her heart to Christ, ami which sin had loved from her cbild- hood "lays. I'h' in both places were con- I by her pastor, Rev. frank H. VanKeuren, of Buffalo. New York, assisted at Clunelte b) the pastor, Mr. Fetro, also by Rev. Mr. Farmer, pas the United Brethren church in the same place. The interment was at Leesburg, Indiana, four mill t.mi. She is survived bj .1 husband, father, mother, sister and three brothers, .ill of whom feel verj ly ii,. js whii b thi istained. MARSHALL MAKEMSON. The best title "iic can establish to the .nnl generous esteem >>i an intelligent communit) is a protracted ami honorable therein. Mr. Makemson, of this v. has been a lifelong resident "t' Kos- ciusko county ami by his genealogy repre- sents two 'ilil ami well known families, "tic of Irish descent and the other of German 1 rigin. The subject's paternal grandfather; a native of the beautiful ami romantic Emerald Isle, came t<> the United Stati an early day and settled in Ohio. Among In- sons was John Makemson, who grew to maturity in the Buckeye state and about the year 1834 Or [835 came t'. Kosciusko coun- ty. Indiana, and purchased a quarter-section of land in what i- now the township of Washington. He was a true type of the ■ gged, iron-willed pioneer of that period, and it is a matter of family history that the hill ot fare of his first meal in Kosciusko county consisted of corn |*>ne and raccoon rlesh. He was a man of well-defined pur- iiid never failed to carry to successful completion any work or enterprise to which he addressed himself. Beginning life in a new country and under many unfavorable auspices, he let nothing deter him and be- fore '.he lapse of many years he had a tine farm under cultivation, besides owning much of the land adjoining hi- original pur- chase. John Makemson was much more than an ordinary man — indeed one of his mental make-up and characteristics is a- one to a 'thousand. By successful real estate trans- actions he made money very rapidly and in the course of years his holdings amounted er two thousand acre- of a- tine laud a- Kosciusko county contained. In addition to fanning and dealing in real estate, he largely interested in live stock. He purchased cattle all over this and surround- ing counties, pastured them until the mar- ket was favorable and then shipped to the ern cities, where he never failed to re- eral price-. \- ■ '■ dealer in and COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 527 f cattle lie long - enjoyed the reputation of oing" the largest and most successful busi- ess of the kind in northern Indiana, and 1 an early day he also amassed large ,-ealth from the sale of nursery stock, his ursery being- the largest and must success- Lil at that time in Indiana north of In- ianapolis. Every enterprise to which he evoted his energies prospered and at one me he enjoyed the distinction of being not nly the most active business man in Kos- iusko county, but also the wealthiest. John Makemson established a reputa- 1 m for industry, honesty, integrity, pru- ence and judgment such as few men attain, le always possessed energy, resolution, de- jrmination and in early life acted according the motto, "1 will find a way or make ne." His good common sense, caution, oresight and accurate powers of observa- ion, together with the traits above named nd others of equal importance, enabled him :i overcome every obstacle and establish a areer highly successful in all of its parts. le accumulated wealth simply as the result f growth and exercise of the qualities en- imerated, and dealt with his fellow men in he high' and honorable way that never fail-; win esteem and regard. Mr. Makemson was a pious man and iriginally an active member of the Seventh )ay Baptist church. Later in life he became . Methodist and so continued to the end of lis days. Politically he was a Whig and ater a Republican. He took an active in- erest in public affairs and at one time was ■lected treasurer of Kosciusko county, the luties of which he discharged in a manner satisfactory to the people regardless of poli- ics. He was twice married, the first time. while living in Ohio, to Ariel Davis, a union which resulted in the birth of six sons and three daughters. Subsequently he entered into the marriage relation with Sarah Bright, who bore him four children. .Mr. Makemson's private character was without a stain and his name is associated with no questionable transactions. He is kindly and affectionately remembered by his kindred, friends and acquaintances as a man of gen- erous and noble impulses, for his many acts of kindness and beneficence and for all the noble qualities of intelligence and enterpris- ing citizenship. He had the Christian's love j for his fellow men, used his large means lib- erally for the extension of religious and charitable objects and his name and fame are j destined to lie long remembered in the an- nals of northern Indiana, especially in the history of the county for the material ad- vancement of which he gave his best years and energies. Marshall Makemson was born in Wash- ington township, Kosciusko county, July 3. 1845, ail( l ' s a son ot " J°bn and Ariel Mak- emson. He remained at home, working on the farm until his twenty-third year, mean- while during his 'teens attending - the com- mon schools and obtaining a limited educa- tion. When a youth of seventeen he en- listed in Company D. One Hundred and Fifty-second Indiana Infantry, entering the service February 9, 1865, and receiving his discharge the following August. Returning home he determined to acquire a better edu- cation, accordingly he entered the graded schools of Pierceton, where he took up the higher branches, and subsequently became a student of the Northern Indiana Normal University at Valparaiso. After pursuing his studies for a considerable length of time and making substantial progress, he re- 528 COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY turned home and resumed agricultural pur- suits "ii his father's farm, continuing the same until his marriage on the [6th of Jan- uary, i868, i" Miss llettie Roe, who bore him four children, viz: Renna. ( )ra A., Flosie, deceased, and Carl M.. deceased. His second marriage, which was solemnized June 8, 1888, wa^ to Sarah Kulm. who has borne him three children. Walter, Florence M. and one that died in infancy unnamed. X. >t long after hi> first marriage Mr. Makemson engaged in genera] merchandis- ing at Pierceton, Indiana, where he carried on a successful business for three years. Disposing of his stock at the expiration of that time, he moved to the farm in Tippe- canoe township where he now lives, the place being one of the several quarter sections which his father divided among his chil- dren. But little improvement had been made on the place up to the time of his taking pos- n and the present high state of culti- vation to which it has been brought and the comfortable dwelling, commodious ham and other substantial buildings it contains have been the result of his own lalnirs and enter- prise. In all that constitutes advanced agricult- ure Mr. Makemson is a model fanner and the success he has achieved in this vocation alone entitles him to a conspicuous place among the most prog men of the county in which he lives. He has added greatly to the value of his land and by judi- cious dealings in various business enterprises has accumulated an ample fortune, suffi- ciently large to make his situation oik- of in- dependence. Not a little of his money has come t' i him from tl , | tine h< _ which lie is considered one of the largest and mosl rs in the county. Mr. Makemson is a Republican, hut while not an active partisan he has been atly interested in the success of his party and has done much effective service hot! an advisor among the local leaders and . worker in the ranks when campaigns have been in progress. Fraternally he is a mem- ber of John Murra\ Post, < '•. A. R., and :.t one time was connected with the Independ- ent Order of < )dd Fellows, hut of late has not been actively identified with that organ- ization. Like his father before him. Mr. Makem- is a man of pronounced religious views and makes the church to which he beli paramount to every other consideration. The Methodist creed embodies his faith and class leader, superintendent of the Sunday schools and in the capacity of private mem- ber he has rendered efficient service and to the best of his ability lived up to his ideal of Christian manhood. Mis. Makemson has proved in every sense a fitting partner to her husband, s ; ing his trials and helping him to face them. rejoicing in hi- ami taking pride in - prosperity, until now. in the sunshim a contented home, they are surrounded with happiness which results from difficulties con- quered and obstacles removed. She is de- votedly attached to the church with which ■ husband is identified and is noted for her ■ I works and charities be- st >w ed up. -ii the unf -ruinate and tin ing |»«ir. There have been few cascades, eddies shallows in Mr. Makemson's life stream: it has always had an ever deep ami flow. He moves steadily on. attending faith- fully to his own affairs and ol the •lie of America -t busi- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 529 less men, "I)" vvhal you do thoroughly and >e faithfully in all accepted trusts." He al- vays has a fixed end and aim in view, and \ hen lie acts it is quietly and with precision, de has a strong and positive will and in his nake-np there is no hypocrisy and nothing avoring <>i ostentation or show. He is lib- ra! tn the worthy and performs his charities n a quiet, unobtrusive way, which char- icterizes the true philanthropist and genu- ne lover of his kind. Throughout his life dr. Makemson has first of all been true to limself and it has then followed that he ould not he untrue to any man. One of his nain ambitions has been to do good to his ellowman individually, and at the same ime to use his influence so as best to sub- erve the general welfare of the community. n him Tippecanoe township has a truly 01. ;1 man, a useful citizen and the 0*111- niniitv a popular and genial friend and teighbor whose sympathizing nature leads im b make any reasonable sacrifice it hereby the material ami oral status o\ hi- elli w men may he promoted. DAVID STOLER. This octogenarian and one of the oldesl iving citizens of Washington township, Cosciusko comity. Indiana, is a native oi led f '1 ird county, Pennsylvania, and was born November 3, [817, a son of John and Mag lalena ( Fluke) Stoler, both of whom were if ( ierman extractii m. Martin Stoler. paternal grandfather of )avid. w hose n ime stands at the head of his biographical record, was the flrsl of the amilv to come to America, where he had married: he settled in Pennsylvania, where he engaged in farming and where his son John, father of David Stoler. was born. The part of what is now the Keystone state in which Martin Stoler was at thai time was still inhabited by the Indian-, who became antagonistic, and drove Martin and his fam- ily to Virginia, where they resided seven . and then returned to the farm in Pennsylvania which Martin had first settled upon and where these pioneers passed the remainder of their li\ 1 John Stoler, father of David, grew to manhood on the Bedford county, Pennsyl- vania farm, and there married Magdalena Fluke, who bore him seven children, viz: Abraham, who lived to he ninety years old; Catherine, who died in the fall of [901, in Pennsylvania in her ninety-fifth year; John; Mary; Philip; Susanna and David. David Stoler was reared on the home farm in Bedford comity. Pennsylvania, but at a proper age was apprenticed to the trade of masonry, and when twenty years old left the homestead to work as a journeyman mason and also at farming. About this time. [839, he married Miss Barbara V Shoup, a native of his own state, and con tinned to work at his trade about eight years longer, in connection with farming. In October. 1N55. Mr. and Mrs. Stoler came to Indiana and settled in Washington township, Kosciusko county, where he pur- chased a farm of one hundred and twenty acre- in the southwesl corner of the town- ship and paid for it all, excepting one hun- dred dollars, lie built a log cabin and con- ■ted the wild place, in o mrse of time, into a first-class farm, living on it till [862. From that time until [875 he worked else- where at cabinetmaking, but still did a great 530 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. deal of this class of work on his own premi To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Stoler have been born eleven children, viz: Martin II.. George \\ '.. Drucilla, Frederick, Will- iam. Lovica, two that died in infancy in Pennsylvania. Samuel P., Tobias and J ami Mrs. Barbara V Stoler was called away in i860, and Mr. Stoler chose t'"r hi- second wife Marj I'.anta. whom he married in 1863, hut to this union no children were born. This lady died in June. 1893, and Mr. S next married Elizabeth A. McFurson, who died June j_\ inoi. also without issue. Since then Mr. Stoler has lived alone on his farm. Mr. Stoler has for sixt) years Keen a member of the Presbyterian church, of which for many year- he ha- served as a trustee and as sexton. In politics he 1- a Democrat and has always enjoyed the con- fidence of his party, whom he has served as supervisor of hi- township. Ili- neighbors have always respected Mr. Stoler the most upright of men. and Irs long life of usefulness has merited tli nition by his many friend-, who all warmly esteem him. DAVID DAUSMAN. Among the leading men and representa- tive farmers of Kosciusko county none en higher standing or have achieved a greater measure • »s than the worthy t of this review who li ne nf the mo-t beautiful and attractive pla< the township of Jefferson. Mr. Dausman has been a potential factor in the local af- fairs of this part of the country ever since becoming a resident of Kosciusko county, thirty year- ago, and today there are few men a- widely known or who have accom- plished as much a- he toward- the material development of one of the most fertile is in the northern part of Indiana. A- the name indicate-, the Dausman family is rman origin. David Dausman, father of the subject, was horn in Alsace, Germany, March 27, [816, and when thirteen year- of age wa- brought to America by hi 1 - parents. David and Mattie Dausman. who settled in Canada. Shortly after his arrival in the new world young Dan-man began working at the potter's trade and on becoming proficient engaged in the manufacture of pottery, which he continued with marked success un- til! 1873, meanwhile devoting a portion of his time to farming. In his young manhood he married Mi-- Magdalene Byers, who was horn in Canada, near Niagara Falls, on the 2d day of February, 1817. Subsequently David Dan-man and family moved from Canada to Elkhart county. Indiana, where ntered land, choosing for hi- future home a tract in what is now the township of Jackson, lie made of the latter a com- fortable home and continued to live tin until his death, which occurred in August, Mr-. Dausman is still living, making her home at this time with a married daugh- ter in Kosciusko county. David and Mag- dalena Dausman reared a family of eight children, whose name- are a- follows: Jacob (deceased), Anna. Marx. Michael (deceased), David. Catherine. Samuel and Mos< David Dan-man. whose name forms the caption of this article, wa- bom in Union township, Elkhart county. Indiana. August RESIDENCE OF DAVID DAUSMAN COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 53i 3, [848. Me was fortunate in being de- scended from thrifty ancestors, his parents »eing noted for their industrious and frugal habits as well as fur the sterling moral worth .vhich was ever a prominent characteristic M their lives. Young David inherited these excellent trails ami early exemplified them n his childhood and youth while assisting lis father with the work of the farm and fbtaining an education in the common schools, lie grew up with the predominat- ng idea of relying upon himself, and while -till young began to formulate plans for his future course of action, lie remained under he parental roof until after his majority and hen decided to devote his life to agricultural >ursuits, a resolution which he carried out vith results that are today plainly apparent o the people of his community and through- >ut Kosciusko count)- in general. As a worth) helpmate on the journey )f life Mr. Dausman chose Miss Tillie 'hillips. of Wayne county, Ohio. Mrs. )ansman was horn August 23. 185 1, the laughter of Lewis and Harriett (Orwig) 'hillips. natives of ( Ihio and Pennsylvania, espectively ; these parents moved to Indiana i! [865 and settled in Elkhart county, where Urs. Dausman grew to womanhood and t was here also that her marriage was olemnized. Two days alter his marriage Mr. 1 )aus- nan took his bride to Kosciusko county and legan housekeeping on a farm in Tippecanoe ownship, where he lived about three years is a renter. Subsequently he changed his esidence to the township of Jefferson, where n [877 he purchased the land from which le has since developed one of the lines! arms and mosl beautiful and attractive tomes in that part of the county. When Mr. Dausman moved to his place he found it without improvements of any kind and covered with a dense growth of forest and underbrush which required a prodigious amount of hard labor to remove. Like many others in similar circumstances he threw all the energy of his being into the task before him and knew little rest or recreation until he had reduced other improvements in keep- ing therewith. In the course of time the for- est was cleared away, stumps removed, fences built, a successful drainage system inaugurated, and recentlv one of the finest brick residences in Jefferson township erect- ed, in addition to which barns and other out- buildings were put up until the farm now bears every evidence of the advanced pros- perity which has characterized the career of the proprietor since he set out to make a home and carve out a destiny. Mr. Dausman's farm contains one hun- dred and twenty acres and is a model in all ol its improvements and appointments. Everything on the place gives evidence of the industry, care, g I taste and successful management of the owner, who, as stated in a preceding paragraph, has honorably earned and well sustained the reputation of one of the county's most enterprising and progressive fanners as well as one of its clear-headed, shrewd and far-seeing busi lu-sN men. In addition to cultivating his own land, Mr. Dausman is the business manager and genera] overseer of the Dunning estate, which is perhaps the largest and most im- portant agriculturist interest in Kosciusko county, containing eighteen hundred and seventy-one acres, much of which is in a high state of cultivation. This large place is owned b\ David M. Dunning, of Auburn, 53- 'PENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. York, a capitalist ;m■ in an eminent ; lc has proven worthy of the lideni i '1 in him and has ne tu render a strict reckoning to the entin nf the wealthy capitalist whom he represents. In a busim Mr. 1 >ausn has been much n than that of tin.- a i irmer : although lie 1 without the least pecuniary help from any he has by close application to hi fairs amassed a o Hiis has the result of individual efforts and he i- therefore a o >nspicuoit made man. Personally he is kind taking delight in conferring his friend-, while his enemies, if he has cion against his character no blot upon his reputation as an honest, upi i kind and considerate husband and father and neighlxir. and in every way a most amiable and mable gentleman. Mr. and Mrs. I talisman are the pai .i seven children, whose names and of birth are ws: Stella. April 8. 1872. died July 7. 1873; Minnie. Mat married Ansil I >. W eimer, a farmer of this count) : < "hades, January 8. married Nettie Palmer and Hv< t\ of Kosciusko; Samuel D., June 20. 1870, married Clara Thwates and i dent of the count) ; Franklin. June 28. 1880. died 1 tii 1. h. Jul) 24, 1887, nd < ioldie, who was born ind departed this life I (ecember 1 . 189. WILLIAM II. THORN. It much t'> say that the well- I of this sketch i the len of Washington tow that the county of Kosciusko i- proud t" number him among her most worthy and exemplar) - A native of Indiana. th occurred in Wabash county "ii the uth da) "f April, i v r many horns w< of l Ihio, in which if the orif founder of the family are yet living and. a* far as known, all who hear the name are for honor, integrit) and the essential element- of it and enterprising I tin and Rel Metcalf 1 'I horn, parent- of \\ illiam 1 1., came to \\ a bash county. Indiana, as early as 1836 and I in North Manchester where the fa- built the lir-i flouring-mill 1 rated in that pari of the country. John Thorn had two brotl tc and William, the latter the pioneer merchant of North Mane! and . 4 fill business man. John con- tinued t" manufacture flour until seventy- four . meanwhile meeting with eci niitijj of the financially strong men of the county of Wabash. B) reason • btisim considerable ]>"r- tion of his wealth, which compelled him to spend nainder of his life in circum- stances far different from what he had f< >r- merly enjoyed. COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 533 In religion he was a devout member of he Methodist church. He was an aggres- sive politician and for many years a local eader of the Republican party. Honored md esteemed by all who knew him. he SLrned the reputation of an upright citizen, ilways willing to render assistance to worthy aiterprises, free to give careful and disin- erested advice and in many instances afford- ng substantial aid and encouragement to the leedy and deserving. John and Rebecca rhorn had ten children: Hannah, Phoebe, foseph, William H., Sarah. Anna. Anola, Eva. Iantha and two that died in infancy. The childh 1 and youthful years of Wlliani H. Thorn were spent in Wabash :ounty in the common schools of which he "eceived a good practical education. When le was fourteen his mother died and two^ ,-ears later he started out to achieve his own Fortune. When a small boy he entered his father's mill for the purpose of learning the niller's trade and at the age of sixteen he lad become so proficient that it was no diffi- cult matter for him to secure remunerative employment. He continued to follow his :hosen calling at various places until his fortieth year, meantime obtaining his full share of the amusements and enjoyments ol ife, besides saving from his earnings suffi- cient means to put him in comfortable cir- cumstances. It was about the year 1880 that Mr. rhorn first turned his attention to dealing in "eal (.state, from which time until a compara- nd) recent date he made that his chief business. His real estate transaction-, took 1 wide range and for several years he trav- eled quite widely throughout Ohio, Indi- ana and other middle states, besides making 1 number of extensive tours through various states and territories of the west, in several of which he now has large landed interests. Mr. Thorn has givai especial attention to dealing in farm lands, in which from the beginning his transactions have resulted in liberal financial gains. Not only has he traded for other parties, but by buying when favorable opportunities presented themselves and disposing of his lands when the markets were right he frequently met with the most encouraging success. As a judge of the relative values of all kinds of real estate Mr. Thorn lias few equals and no superiors in his line of business and all of his dealings have been carried on and con- summated with the object in view of satisfy- ing all parties concerned. His integrity has never been questioned in any of his trans- actions and when once given, his word has proved absolutely reliable and the end gen- erally justified the confidence which his pa- trons reposed in his honor and good judg- ment. Mr. Thorn became a resident of K >s- ciusko county in 1869 and since the year 1885 has been permanently located in the county. He was united in marriage Novem- ber 10. 1 89 1 , to Mrs. Emeline King, widow of the late Albert King and daughter of John D. and Mary Shaffer, residents of Noble county and of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Thorn have a beautiful, attractive and hospitable home, supplied with many of the comforts and conveniences and not a few of the luxuries of life, and their social standing in the community is second to that that of no other two residents of the county. Mr. Thorn is a man of decided convictions on all matters, and, being intelligent and wide awake, it is natural that he should take much more than a passive interest in public and political affairs. lie has always - 534 COUFEXniUU OF BIOGRAPHY. for pi and improvement in material and moral things and politically has long wielded a potential influence for the Repub- lican party, of which he lias been a stanch adherent e\er since "Id enough t" ex< the right of voting. Not an aspirant for official preferment himself, he works dili- gently in behalf of hi > friends and deems n- ■ sacrii B eat to make if thereby the in- - of the party may he advanced. He i- a member of the Masonic brotherhood, the principles of which he endeavors t" exem- plify in a life devoted to the good of hi- fel- low men. Mr. Thorn has ever been loyal to his convictions of right and has di- ed the duties of neighbor and citizen with the object in view of making his friends happier and the community better. Blessed with an abundance of worldly wealth, all .if which ha- been acquired by hi- own unaided efforts, he has m it been selfish: on the con- trary, hi- benefactions have been many, while hi- liberality and philanthropy have been felt n.it only in his own locality but in nther place- where worthy enterprises have b<. en prosecuted. Personally he is a man <•!' pleasing presence, genial in deportment and popular with all — in short, a typical representative of the enterprising, success- ful, -elf-made men who have done -" much .it middle ; and advance all of its interest |« >ll\ S HEAGY The occupation of farming, to which subject has applied his time and atten- tion since reaching his majority, is tin e-t business pursuit of mankind and the one in which he will ever be the most independ- ent, i if course when this is said refere made to civilized man. because hunting fishing were the primitive pursuit- of man before he reached the civilized state. Since the evolutionists have shown that man comes from a man-monkey that lived in the last geological epH.ii and that the monkey in turn came from a -till lower form of primates, and so on back to protop uperiority of one person by birth over another ha- been aim..-! wholly given up. In other words, a- all mankind came from monkey-, it i- not in order for one man to brag that he came from a better monkey than his neighbor. So that farmers -land jusl a- high as merchant- or doctors. In addition, the farmer is far more inde- pendent. If he i- out of debt he can laugh at panics and periods of tight markets. Thus i- situated the subject of this brief memoir. |..hn S Heag) wa- b>rn in Wayne county. Indiana. May 29, i860, ami is the son of Theodore and Mary (Barnes) I leagy. The I leagy family are of < iermanic ■it. the emigrant ancestor settling in Pennsylvania about four general In that state the grandfather and father of subject were born anil reared. The Barnes family is of Scotch de-cent. The father and married in Wayne county, In- diana, and to them these children were born: Eliza, who became the wife of Perry Bond and lives in Tennessee; Etta, who wedded Ed. Ridenbaugh and resides in Pien Indiana; John S. subject; William, who married Mi-- Emma Little and live- in this county: George, who wedded Mi-- Cora M Alpine and resides in this township; Homer married Myrtle Wickershacn, and resii Marion. Indiana; Minnie married John COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 535 Veaver, and is now deceased. The father ioved from Wayne county to this county bout 1870 or 1871, and located in Wash- ington township, where he still resides, "heodore Heagy is a man who knows how j make money by honorable business meth- r himself. On November 21, 1882, he larried Miss Flora J., daughter of Joseph nd Sarah Thatcher, of Pierceton, Indiana, ml by her has four children, their names eing as follows: Edna, born July 5, 1883, ied when nine days old; Earl, born Feb- uary 17, 1890; Ethel, born March 7. 1894. ied ( krtober 30. 1S94; Carl, born April 16. 897. Mrs. Heagy was born in Champaign amty, Ohio, September 29, 1861. When [r. Heagy was first married he had com aratively nothing. He farmed one year in lis county, and then took the western fever nd started fur Kansas, where he took up a omestead of one hundred and sixty acres nd lived on the same for thirteen months, hen he went to central Kansas and rented ind and made money. He remained in iimner county, Kansas, for eight years and ontinued t" pile up money in spite of the rasshoppers and the droughts. Like his ather, under whom he was trained, it L asy for him to make money. His methi 1- take into account the saving of a part of his earnings. In the fall of 1893. when the Cherokee strip was thrown into market, he t( " >k a claim of one hundred and sixty acres and remained on the same for six years. In 1899 he sold out and returned to Indiana, and bought his present farm of one hundred and ninety acres. He is in comfortable cir- cumstances and is respected for his many good qualities of citizenship. He is a Re- publican, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is one of the most intelligent and progressive of the younger farmers of the county. CHARLES R. LONG, M. D. This eminent physician and surgeon, now a resident of Pierceton, Kosciusko county, Indiana, is a son of James P. and Ebigha (Hunt) Long and was born in Mor- row county, Ohio. October 13. 1851. When he was two years old his parents moved to Henry county, Illinois, where they resided until 1858, then returned to Fredericktown, Ohio, where our subject completed his edu- cation in the public and high schools, from which he graduated at the age of sixteen. He then attended a select class for two years, held by a Presbyterian minister, and in 1868 his parents came to Pierceton and here he engaged as clerk in a hardware store, where he was employed about six years. He then began the study of medicine with his father ( who was a practicing physician ). and later attended the Detroit Medical College, of De- troit, Michigan, from which he was g uated in i88o. He returned to Pierceton and at once began the practice of medicine 536 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAl'llY. and has since been recognized as one of the most skillful practitioners erf the city. He i- a member of Pierceton Lodge No. 377, F. & A. M.. in which lie lia> passed all the chairs and represented the lodge in the grand lodge. He was master of Piei Lodge for seven year-, lie is mem- ber of the Pierceton Lodge No. -'57. 1. 0. ( 1. I-.. has likewise passed all the chairs and represented the lodge in the grand lodge, and also belongs to the Warsaw Knights plar Commandery, No. 10. He is .1 member of the national state and county medical societies and has been president of the count} society three times. Politically tin- Doctor is a Republican and was elected member of the school board several times. The 1 >OCtOr is the owner of two hun- dred and eighteen acres of fine farm land, and make- a specialty of raising line blooded Durham cattle and Berkshire hogs and car- rier on general farming. 1 in March 15. [881, Dr. Long was uni- ted in marriage to Mi— Emma J. Hoover. daughter of Daniel and Henrietta 1 Heag) 1 er, by whom he has four children as follow-: Nora, deceased, Adda, a and Floreri 1IIR \M 0. KING, M. D. This -ful physician and farmei Pierceton, Kosciusko county, Indiana, a son and Rachel 1 Sw itzer) Kil was born in Noble county. Indiana. N vember i<>. [850. He attended the public • is native place for his prelim- inarj tion and took a course at the Kendallville Academy. At tl twenty-five he left school and began t< n the district schools. He also com- menced a course of medical study under the preceptorship of Dr. J. L. (lilltert. of Kendallville, and later entered the Detroit Medical College, graduating therefrom in Tin- of 1X71,. Not o-ntent with the knowledge thus obtained, he entered Rush Medical I post- graduate course, graduating therefrom in In [876 he began the practice of his at Moscow, Hill-dale county, Michigan, remaining there for •me year. In the fall of 1877 he moved to Pierce- ton, where he again opened an office and. with the exception of the time requisite to complete hi- post-graduating course, has continued here ever -nice in the practl his profession. Dr. King has grown in favor a- a physician and surgeon and now enjoys a most lucrative practice His standing among his professional brethren is high and the value of his services in the sick chamber has been long assured and appreciated by many families throughout tire c< 'iinty. iternally the Doctor i- a membei Pierceton Lodge No. 387, V F. & \. M.. has held all the offices of the local ' and i- now it- worshipful master. Dr. al-o hdd- membership in Pieri Lodge X 245, K. of I\. 1- a pa-t chan- cellor and has the I 1 subordinal errand In medica ns he holds membership, not only with the county, but inization, ami i- r attend- ant at the sessions of each He 1- a mem- • the United State- pension examin- ii g board, receiving hi- appointment under lent McKinlev's lir-t administration. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 537 On November n. 1879. Dr. King led ) the altar Miss Ida Bethia Wilson, a aughter of Albert and fsabelle (Tro- ridge) Wilson, who became the mother [ one son, Ralph, born April 1. 1S74. now lerking in a clothing store at Pierceton. Irs. King was burn March i-\ 1861, in Coble county, on her father's farm, ad- oining that where the Doctor was born. Dr. King is of German descent. His ather was a native of Baden-Baden, Ger- lany, born in 1804, and came to America /hen he was a young man of twenty-six ears of age, locating first in Ohio, and a 1850 moved to Indiana. He was three imes married, first to a lady in Germany; lis second wife was Miss Rachael. Switzer, native of Ohio, and his third wife was Ats. Henrietta Potter. DAVID BALLIET. The gentleman whose biography is here jiven is one of the prosperous fanners of Washington township and principal owner md founder of the Pierceton Roller Mills, uid well deserves mention in the biograph- ca] memoirs of Kosciusko county. He is 1 son of Stephen and Catherine (Zehner) Balliet. and was born in Northampton coun- :y, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1820. His loyhood days were passed in his native rounty and it was there he attended school until his seventeenth birthday, when his par- ents moved to Richland county, Ohio. To his former schooling was added two winter terms in the public schools of Richland county, and then he applied himself to the milling business. After becoming proficient in this line of business and having saved some money, he engaged in business on his own account in 1841, following it success- fully until 1859, when he traded his mill property for a farm which he conducted un- til [877. While he was successful as a farm- er, he ever had a yearning to again engage in milling and looked about him for an op- portunity to do so. The chance finally came and he traded his Richland farm for the grist-mill located in Pierceton, Kosciusko count}', Indiana, where he has since been lo- cated and conducted the milling business. Swme time since he disposed of a, third in- terest in the mill to Daniel W Strotise. of Pierceton, who continued as his partner un- til April. 1902, when Mr. Balliet purchased his interest and is now the sole owner in the enterprise. The revolution in the manu- facture of flour by the introduction of the roller process prompted Mr. Balliet to add the improvement to his plant, in order to meet the demands of consumers ami keep pace with competitive millers from other [ii 'ints. which was speedily done. The mill is now lining a large general business and is the wuly flouring mill in Pierceton. It en- joys a fine trade and the product enjoys a high reputation among the people of the county. The grandfather of our subject was Leonard Balliet of Franco-German parent age. and was horn in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. His father. John, and two brothers, Paul and Joseph, were the first of the family that came to America, over two hundred years ago, and settled in the Perm colon) Leonard married a lady of Scotch parentage and they reared a large family, consisting of eleven children. The father. Leonard, became a soldier in the Continental 53» COMI'EXPICM OF BIOGR.lfHY. army and served throughout the long and trying !e which finally culminated in the independence of the colonies from Eng- lish domination. The names of the children born to Leonard Ralliet and wife are as fol- Leonard, Jr.. Stephen, I >an- . a. Joseph, 1 lenry, Jonas. Jacob. David, and John, who died in infancy. It will l>e seen from the chronology thai Stephen, the second son of Leonard, and who married Catherine /.aimer, is the father of OUT sub- ject. David Balliet. Stephen Balliet was : . cooper and blacksmith by trade, and also a tanner. He and his wife became the par- ents of twelve children, namely: Nancy, Benjamin, Joseph. John. Stephen. Leonard. Henry, David (the subject). Tillina. Cath- erine, Jonas and Mar) Ann. Leonard and David are the only members of the family now living, Leonard now residing in Wyan- dot county. Ohio, at the advanced age of eighty-six. From i860 to (869 Mr. Balliet, while a resident of < >hio, held the office of township trustee of Wyandot county, and also t' lice of supervisor. In his marital relations Mr. Balliet has been unfortunate and yet fortunate. His first marriage occurred Jan nary '■. [846, the lady being Miss Lena Swart/, a daughter of John and Catherine 1 Drysbuck I Swart/. Children were born to this union, namely: Aaron, deceased: Ly- ilia. deceased; John Franklin, a banker, if Kansas; Marietta: Tillman, a resilient of and; and one that died in infancy. After the death of Mrs. BalHel Mr. Balliet married Elizabeth Balliet, widow of his brother Joseph. There were no children bj this marriage His third wife was Jane (Raney) VVeatherby, daughter ><\ Robert Kanev en the parents f one child. Charles, who ;i^i-t- 111 the operatii n of the mill. The fourth wife was Mrs. Elizabeth (Manner) Shank, daughter James and Jane McAlexander Manner. She was born March 30, [837, ami was formerly the wife of Abraham Shank. Politically Mr. Balliet is a Democrat. but of the quiet type who leave the turmoil |x>Iitics for others. The paternal an- >tors of Mr. Balliet are of German de- scent, coming to America prior to the Rev- olutionary war and settling in the l'eun 1 onv. Mr. Balliet is an active participant in all movements that tend to the public od and enjoys the confidence ami es- teem of many sincere friends. Fraternally he is a Mason, having become a member Nevada Lodge, in Ohio, in [863. He has held many of the offices therein. In religion his early choice was the German Reformed church, but on moving to Ohio he became a member of the Lutheran church, there being no church of the form- er denomination in Richland county. < >n corning to Pierceton similar difficulty was met and there being no Lutheran church he became a member of the Presbyterian church, in which he is a prominent official. FRANCIS McN \M \KA. Hi. Francis McNamara was a native Clare Castle, County Clare, Ireland, and of Francis and Mary 1 I lass McNamara. a family long and well known in Clare Castle. Bridget McNamara. sisl died in the city of Philadelphia at th< markable a§ ne hundred and sixteen COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 539 years. She was the wife of John Sweeney, a veterinary surgeon, known in Ireland as a farrier. After the death of her husband Bridget (M'cNamara) Sweeney came from London to America, to make her home with her si in. John F. McSweeney, a Cath- olic priest located at Maysville, Kentucky. The remarkable vitality of this family is as- tonishing, and the feat that she performed in crossing the Atlantic ocean when ninety- six years old can not, it is believed by the writer, he paralleled. The father of Fran- cis McNamara lived to he one hundred and six years old, dying in the old country. Francis McNamara, the subject of this sketch, came to America with an uncle, named McBeth, who commanded the sail- ing vessel Sarah, of Greenoch. Captain McBeth was an educated gentleman and was i if much assistance to Francis, the lat- ter remaining with him until reaching the age of twenty-eight, about which time the vessel was wrecked and lost: Francis McNamara, when about twen- ty-eight years old, went into nautical serv- ice mi Lake Champlain, which he followed fur two years. He then worked on a farm about niie year in Xew York, and then went to Fayette count)-, Pennsylvania, continu- ing in the same line about two years. Later he became a manager in one of the depart- ments of a paper mill owned by William Hogg. It was at this time he was mar- ried, the lady who became his wife being Christina Webber, a daughter i f John Adam and Anna Mary i Burkhart ) Web- ber. The} became the parents "t" nine chil- dren, namely ; William. John < ii n idli »w, Margaret Ann. Mary. Francis, Barbara, Bridget, Mathew and George Gordi n. Christina (Webber) McNamara was horn in Swartzenberg, Germany, in [813 and came to America in 1832, when nine- teen years old, suffering shipwreck- on the passage. She found a home with a sister in- Pennsylvania, and her father, being wealthy, paid for a round-trip ticket for two years, but they never went hack and consequently were disinherited. Christina was a college graduate and quite accom- plished. While residing with her brother and sister the family removed to Fayette county. Pennsylvania, and there Christina met Mr. McNamara, to whom she was married at Brownsville, although they were of diverse religions, he being a Catholic and she a Lutheran. About 1840 Mr. Mc- Namara migrated to < >hio and purchased a farm of eighty acres in Jefferson township. Knox county, where he resided until 1881, when he moved to Kosciusko county, In- diana, and here his wife passed away at Pierccton June 21, 1886, and here, also, after a life of retirement of about six years, Mr. McNamara was called to the un- known beyond January 10. 1887. John Goodlow McNamara was horn in Brownsville, Pennsylvania October 9, 1837, and when four years old was taken by his parents to Ohio, where he later attended school in an old-fashioned log school- house, he being then about fourteen. When he was aged twenty-three he attend- ed the Haskill Academy at Loudonville, Ohio, for five months, and then came to Warsaw. Kosciusko county, Indiana, there he kept bachelor's hall and attended school one season. He next went to Columbia (it\-. and then attended the high school at Pierceton for two terms. He was next em- ployed in clearing ofl f( rest land for three and finalh became a contractor, in 33 54' COMPEXDJUM OF BIOGRAPHY. which vi cation he erected twenty-two barns and i en Ik uses, g ing il i the lumber with jack-plane and di l>\ hand. In the meantime he took a course .n law, and also did some farm w< rk. hi [863 and 1864 Mr. McXamara was :i timber in Michigan, and there also he l>uilt the trestle-work - the Titawawassee river; later he took men to the pineries and three million feet He then returned t. Kosciusko county and it fifty-two acres of timber-land and into the lumber business for ah' an a year. placed part of this land nniler cultivation, later sold it and pur- chase undred and ten acre-, which he cleared up and made his home until about 1901, when he retired to Pierceti n to pass the remainder of his days in peace and com- fort. The marriage of John G. McXamara innized in Knox county, < 'hi". Jan- uarj 1. [862, with Miss Caroline Beam, a daughter of Jacob and Marj 1 Ki Bean orn in Knox count) October 23, 1841. This marriage has be with four children, viz.: Mary I-'... who died in 1866, when three and a hall years old: John Francis. who died Jul) 3, 1876, 3 and three week- : I >or I Ada. born September [6, 1867, 1- deceased; and Alma Bell, born Septemhcr 27, 1868. died lei rrar\ 25, [8 lac b Beam, lather . . f Mrs McXamara. was born in West Badei d there learned shoemaking W^ was -till e man when he came I Unit" - ami settled in Knox county, he married Mar) Kruger, also a native of Germany, who at ti twenty came U> America with her parents. who settled in Cant'. 11. Ohio, where her grandfather, John Kruger, met his death by a fall fn m a cherry tree. 11 tand> very high in the esteem of his neighbors. He is a member of the Masonic order and also a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, of which he was instrumental in organizing the first d unty, in 1873. In politics a Democrat, hut has never been an aspirant f< r '.nice. Jl >S1 Ml ANDREAS, • Josiah Andreas, a sun of John and Xancy Jane (Balliert) Andreas, was born Schuylkill county. Pennsylvania, December 17. 1835. When lie was but a child of two years 1 f age his parents moved t" Mans field, Richland county, < >lii< >. Here his early youth was passed and through the medium 1 f the district schi •• 'Is he obtained his education. On la) le his text- ks he applied his energies t" mastei the trade of carpenter, working at that business for three years. He then n to Wyandol count) and engaged in farm- ing, which he carried ■ :i for eighteen years, meeting with fair success. In 1877 he con- cluded tn change his location, and n t Pierceti n and purchased seventy-on< acres . f land located in Wasl wnship. adjoining the town, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 54i on which he has since made his home. In the cultivation of his farm Mr. Andreas has paid considerable attention in fruits, which in their season are the source of great income and profit. He also is a breeder of stock and his pastures afford ample range tor many fine specimens of cat- tle and hogs, which are fattened for the market on grain raised upon the (arm. His management is productive of good results, giving a handsi me ino me for the labor and care expended. On November 12. J 857. Mr. Andreas and Mary Petrie, a daughter of David and Lydia (Settlemeyer) Petrie, were married. They are the parents of nine children, namely: Amelia Carretta died at the age of twelve years; Phiana E. died at the age of twenty-eight years; William 1). died in infancy; Valiria died when twelve years of age; Emma became the wife of James tiousei" and they are residents of Akron, Fulton comity. Indiana; Mary died at the age of twenty-four; John Louis lives at home; Cyrus lives at Culver, Indiana; Savillia married Charles Brauer and they are residents of Fort Wayne. In his religious views Mr. Andreas is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and has served the congregation as trustee and as steward. He is independent in his politics, and cares nothing for the platforms or policies under which the vari- ous parties seek to obtain office for their adherents. He exercises the right of fran- chise in favor of the man whose qualities and honesty of purpose are best known. The wife of Mr. Andreas was born September 1, 1839. and was educated in the common schools. In 1852 her parents moved to Ohio, settling in Richland coun- ty, and it was there her education was completed, leaving school at the age of sev- enteen. Her grandfather, Jacob 1'etrie, was a native of Pennsylvania. He married a Miss Zarrer, and they were the parents of six children. David, the father of Mrs. Andreas, was born in Pennsylvania May 20, 1815, died April 20. 1881, married Lydia Settlemeyer, and they became the parents of six children: Jacob, deceased; Mary; Lavina, who became the wife of Nathan Hazenbaugh; Louis, who resides in Warsaw ; Catherine married Amos Eby; and David, deceased. JAMES HINTON STINSON. The above named gentleman, now trus- tee of Washington township, Kosciusko count}', Indiana, is a son of Jacob and Sarah (Wilson) Stinson, and was born on the old homestead in Washington township, August 12. 184(1. He was educated in the common schools of the district and at the age of seventeen laid aside his text-books and helped to clear and develop the home farm, becoming quite apt in the use of the ax and other implements required on a farm, and thus acquired a good knowledge of all the details pertaining to the business. On May 2'', 1870, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Margaret Moore, a daugh- ter of Thomas ami Rebecca ( Makemson) Moore. Mr. and Mrs. Stinson have no children. Fraternally he is a member of Pierce- ton Lodge Xo. 2$J, I. O. O. E. and has passed all the chairs and represented his lodge in the grand lodge. Religiously he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal 542 HPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. church. In the political field he g support to the Republican jkitin and takes an active part in the political affairs of his township and county. In 1900 he was hon- ored by the people of his township by be- ing nominated and elected to the position hi" township trustee and is now perf< rming the duties of that office in a manner credit- able to himself ann his 1 riginal homestead, where he had lived since first coming I county. — •-►♦ — S \MIT.L RIDER. This prosperous fanner and ex-soldiei of the Civil war 1- a son of John and I ath- erine ( Hake) Rider, and was born in York comity. Pennsylvania, March 3, 1845. There he resided until he was ten years of age, at which time hi- parent- moved t" Whitley county, Indiana. It was there that Samuel again took up hi- studies, attend- ing the <>ld primil school-house, with, it- rude benches for -eat-, puncheon il«« years were spent on that place, when he bought eighty acres of land in section 24, Washington township, where he moved and resided until March, 1902, when he purchased and settled on his present farm in section 26. same township. In March. 1878, Mr. Rider was married to Miss Rebecca A. Johnson, daughter of William 1!. and Mary A. ( Leferts) Johnson. Mr. and Mrs. Rider are the parents of eig'ht children, namely: John William, a resident of Pierceton; Elzie Edward married Hes- ter Bennett, daughter of Noah and Ma- tilda Bennett : Estie Clarence died in Oc- tober, 1885, at the age of six years; Elmer, aged three years, died in 1885 ; Effie Eve- line is a student at school: Alva, Benja- min and Alta are also attending school. Fraternally Mr. Rider is a member of John Murray Post. G. A. R.. at Pierceton. He has held the office of senior vice and junior vice. Religiously he is a free think- er. In politics Mr. Rider is a stanch Re- publican, but does not engage actively in political contests. Daniel Rider was the first of the name in America, was a Hessian, and belonged to a contingent of troops brought to this country by the British. On learning the cause of the trouble between the colonies ami England, he left the British army and joined the continentals under Washington, serving throughout the Revolutionary war. When peace was declared he settled in York count\\ Pennsylvania, where he died. He was the great-great-grandfather of our subject. JOSEPH WARNER, Deceased. This estimable gentleman and promi- nent agriculturist, who died April 19, 1895, was a son of Amassa and Cynthia ( \\ al ton) Warner, and was horn in Wayne county. Ohio. May 30. 1820. His early education, like that of the youth of those days, was obtained under those severe and trying conditions incident to the primitive log school-house of that period, kept up by, subscriptions from the parents of pupils after the scanty appropriation was exhaust- ed. Having pursued his studies with more than ordinary diligence, his progress was sufficient to secure a certificate as a teacher, and at the age of nineteen years he became a teacher in the district school of his native place in Ohio. His father, Amassa War- ner, had purchased from the government a tract of land located in Kosciusko county, Indiana, and in 1848 Joseph came and set- tled on one hundred arid sixty acres which he purchased from his father, located in Washington township, which he cleared, improved and cultivated, and whereon he resided until the date of his death as above stated. Prior to his removal to Indiana, Jan- uary 1. 1840. Mr. Warner was married to Miss Ruth S. Tillotson, a daughter of Asa and Ruth (Beehe) Tillotson. She was a native of Monroe county. New York, horn near the city of Rochester on August 30, 182;. She was a child of about three years 544 C0MPEXP1UM OF BIOGRAPHY. ije when her mother moved to Ohio. There she attended the same sch< ■ which her future husband ua< educated and, like him, made the best use of the limited facilities for obtaining an educa- tion. < >n coming to Indiana to establish their home the) met the usual difficulties and hardships that attend the pioneer, but their courage was undaunted and. knowing that honorable and well applied industry would bring in time those comforts which make a home the "dearest spot on earth.' the task was never neglected nor the time wasted. As a result their efforts were re- warded, as evidenced by their substantial heme and w -ell-cultivated fields where Mrs. Warner \\>>\\ resides. They never enjoyed the comforting pleasures of parentage, but the innate goodness of their hearts wen! out to children who were bereft of parents. They gathered seven in the course of time and reared them t<> manhood and woman- hood, as follows: Isaac Harrison became a si Idier during the Civil war and nobl) up his life in defense of his native country: Clarissa Madden became the wife of Will- iam Clover, and is the mother of two chil- dren. Eva and Chester: Mrs. Clover is de- ceased, and the two children are now mak- ing their home with Mrs. Warner; Tillie Warner married Seward Crosby ( de- ceased i. and resides at I.arwell. Indiana: Marion (ialhraith. now a farmer of V. ington township; and Francis Moore, also a farmer of Washington township. The Tillotson family, of which Mis. Ruth Warner is a direct descendant, is closely traced back to a |>eriod prior to the h'. olution. The chronological record rly settlement in the prov- ince or color nnecticut, where three brother! descent settled and reared families. All of them were active participants on the patriot side in that memorabli gle. 'In the Warner side the same conditions ; ,re traced, three broth- ers, tchabod, Nathan and one younger, coming to America from England, and set- tling respectively in New York and Penn- sylvania. The) took an active part in the war fir independence from English rule, and later in the war of l8l2. It will lie seen therefore that the late Mr. W arn«T and the estimable lady who hears his name both sprang from that grand type of Amer- ican stock which became famous in his- tory and whose heroic struggle against the greatest and most powerful nation of the world added a new nation among the pow- ers and opened a new continent as an asy- lum for the oppressed of every land. Dur- ing the Civil war of [861-5, which so thor- oughly tested the enduring power of Amer- ican government on the hasis ,,f govern- ment by the people, the successful which insured, the perpetuity of our form of government ami its ennobling institu- tions, Mr. Warner was as earnest in his support of his heritage from Revolutionary ancestors as were they in its establishment. Physically disabled to such an extent as to prevent his entering into active service, his heart and soul were in the cause, and what- ever aid he and his estimable wife could yive was given cheerfully and gladly. Mrs. Warner still retains the original one-hundred-and-sixty-acre hi miestead, the management of which is under her immedi- ate supervision. She has about one hun- dred acres under cultivatii n ami the excel- lent appearance erything about the place slu.vvs a careful and thrifty method in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 545 every detail. Pleasantly located about two and a half miles from the town of Pierce- ton, her delightful, roomy residence always attracts the attention of those who pass that way, and the sense of comfort and pleasure it imparts is but the reflex of that refinement which dwells therein. Mrs. Warner is ever doing something which shows her innate nobleness of purpose, and her benefactions are innumerable. The last to know her as a mother was Miss Blanche Wilt, whom she raised from a child. She first married Edward Pocock ; her second marriage was to Joel Perkins, and their home is now in North Dakota. Ill RAM ULREY, The subject of this sketch is a grand- son of Joseph Ulrey, Sr., whose biography appears elsewhere in these pages, and was born in Jackson township, Kosciusko coun- ty, on the 2 ist day of July, 1867. His par- ents were Aaron B. and Alary A. Ulrey, both well-known and highly respected people who figured in the early growth and devel opment of the part of the country in which the Ulrey family originally settled. The subject spent the years of his childhood and youth on the farm where he first saw the light of day. and when a small boy was de- prived of his father, after whose death he went to li\e with his grandfather, E '■-<■■] '' ' Ulrey. With the latter he found a good home and during his stay under his grand- Father's hospitable roof was the recipienl of mam kindnesses, being regarded with especial favor and pride by every member of the household. His educational train- ing was such as the common schools of the neighborhood could impart, this being sup- plemented by one term in the high school at Xorth Manchester, and two terms at Logansport College. When a lad in his 'teens he learned, under the direction of his grandfather, the shoemaker's trade, at which he soon became quite a proficient workman. From an early age Hiram exhibited a willingness to learn and his decided indus- try and energy won the love and admira- tion 1 f his grandfather, who did all with- in his power to implant in the lad'- mind the principles of honesty and integrity, so that he would grow up an honorable man and lie of some use in the world. After his mother's second marriage he returned to her home and assisted his stepfather on the farm until his eighteenth year, after which he returned to his grandfather, with whom he stayed until the spring previous to his marriage, when he bought a half interest in a hardware store in the vil- lage of Sidney, but shortly afterward, by the advice of his grandfather, he trailed it f< r a small farm near the village. Shortly after arriving at man's estate he formed the acquaintance of an estimable young lady of Monroe township by the name of Dencie Xoggle. born May 15. [868, to whom, after a brief courtship, lie was uni- ted in wedlock on November 20. [892 Mr-. Ulrey was reared on a farm and after obtaining a good education engaged in teaching, a work in which she developed great efficiency, earning an enviable repu- tation during the several years -lie was em- ployed in the public work in Kosciusko county. Immediately following hi- mar- riage Mr. Ulrey moved to a forty-acre farm 54^ COMJ'EXDIUM 01- BIOGR.U'HV. about one mile 1 1- rth of the village ney, Jackson township, where lie continued to live for a number of years, meeting with success as an agriculturist and winning f< r himself a • standing amoi g intelligent and enterprising citizens "i" the community, lie followed husbandry until the continued ill health of his wife obliged him to turn his attention to less arduous la- bor. Accordingly he left the farm and, mov- ing i" Sidney, opened a harness shop, in connection with which he also carried on shoe repairing, doing a g 1 business in both lines. Subsequently he opened his house for the accommodation of the traveling public and has since kept a neat and well app inted hotel, which from the beginning has had a well paying patronage and is now "lie i if the most popular places of the kind in the county. Mr. I'lrey still carries mi shi iring and the harness business, doing all kind- of general repairing in 1>< th line- of w 'ik besides dealing directly with ;! trade in hand-made harness and appliances connected therewith, meeting with encouraging results in all of hi- un dertal 1 he industry and thrift which marked hi- earlj years are -till among his ni' -t pn mineni characteristics and. fully appreciating the true dignitj of honest toil. : . believes that man -In mid earn hi- bread by the -weat of hi- brow and looks up. mi willful i«r. i being almost criminal in aire and results. In all the essential element- i I true and upright manhood he i- easily the peer if the best i of ins village and county, and his aim always has been t' so do hi- duty a- to benefit himself and society at la Mr. Ulrey is held in high esteem bj win- kimw him and his large acquaintance throughout Jackson and neighboring townships has brought him to the favorable notice of all classes of people-, lie i- a cred- itable representative of one of the oldest and honorable families i I Ki sciusko coun- ty and. inheriting man) of the sterling qualities of his honest and sturd) at devoted his life and energies t • eneral welfare of the community porting himself in every relation a- a man who unselfishly tries to make the world bet- ter by his presence. Politically a strong Republican, he take- no very active part in part} affairs further than keeping In well informed on the leading questions fore the people and using hi- influence to gel g 1 men into office and elevate the standard of public moral-. The German Baptist church, of which he is an humble and zealous member, embodies hi- religious creed and for a number i f years past he has been one of tin- pillars of the congi tioii worshiping in the village of Sidney. His wife i- al-o identified with the same communion and in a quiet and tmostenta- - aided much to promote the work which the church carries Mr. and Mr-. I'lrey are without children, the only issue of their marriage dying some years ago. \ \k<>\ MILLER. Aaron Miller i- a native of Indiana, hav- ing been horn in Kosciusko county. January l8. [845. His father. Stephen E. Miller. nati\ e of < )hio anil was a son of Stephen I"., ami Anna i Rodabaugh) Miller, who were among the early pioneers of that State. Me wa- married in Montgomery ^4/^rZT7orn in Tus- carawas county, < >hio, about [819. and d in Kosciusko county, Indiana, about 187 lie received a g 1 common-school edi- tion, and was a pioneer of this part of Indi- ana, having entered land from the govern- ment. Hi- vocation was that of farming, and in his community he was highly termed by all. Politically he was formerly an old-line Whig, but affiliated with the Repub- lican party after it- organization. Relig- iously he was a member of the German Baptist church. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Brumbaugh, was born in Ohio about 1829 and died about 1886. She • was a member of the German Baptist church, ami she and her husband now lie buried in the Brumbaugh cemetery. The) were the parents of six children, four »■ ms and two daughters, of whom the following are living: William is a resident of Jeffer- township, this county; Mary. Mrs. Mil- ler: Conrad, a fanner. is married and re- sides on the old homestead in Jefferson township; Franklin, who is connected with the oil industry, is married and li\es at Whiting, Indiana: David, a shoe manufac- turer, is married and resides ;.t Anderson. this state. Mr. Miller is in politics a Republican and while not an aspirant for public office, he was elected in 1892 t" the office of commis- ner of Kosciusko count) and was ted in ' > in.U r two terms of three A few notewortl ning Mr. Milier's administration as com- missioner are here presented: When he en- tered the office in [892 the tax rate of the county was fifty cents per one hundred dol- lars, hut before the close of his term it had been reduced to twenty-eight and a third tents. The number of bridges in the county in 1892 was fifteen, hut during Mr. Mill. official term there were built ninety-tl; bridges ami twenty-one stone arches. Dur- ing his incumbency the county infirmary, one of the lines! in the state, was erected at a cost complete of forty thousand dollars and the county court house and jail were entirely refurnished on the interior in the way of papering, plumbing, heating and carpetii all these improvements being made in spite of the marked reduction in the tax rate. \ large saving was made in the cost of con- struction work, as follows: The price for- merly paid for bridge construction twelve dollars per lineal foot, including w len joists, and live dollars per cord for stone, while the COSt of laying the latter was seventy-five cents per perch. Mr. Miller succeeded in reducing these prices as fol- lows: The price of fifty-seven bridges per lineal foot was eight dollars, with steel joists, a saving to the county of thirteen thousand, six hundred and eighty doll while in the thirty-six others which v built at the former pri rsed instead of wood, as had been the cus- tom. The reduction in the price of t thousand, eight hundred and sevent of stone amounted to seven thousam hundred and forty dollars, and the de- crease in the cost of laying the same, twenty- sex en thousand perch, was eight thousand dollars, making a total saving to the county in these three items alone of twenty-nine thousand four hundred and twenty doll COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 549 Another progressive move was in the direc- tion of good roads. When .Mr. Miller took the office of commissioner there was not a rod of public road owned b\ the county, hut during his incumbency roads were estab- lished and constructed in five townships. Jackson, Washington, Plain. Wayne and Franklin. Mr. Miller is a splendid example to the youth of today of what may he accomplished by one who started out in life with no re- sources upon which to rely aside from his own determination and boundless ambition and energy. These qualities, however, have been the secret to many successful lives and to them Mr. Miller owes his present high standing among his associates. He is a friend to all movements that tend to the bet- terment of his community and in educational matters especially he is deeply interested. WILLIAM ELMER GERARD. William E. Gerard, the affable propri- etor .if the livery and feed stables at Pierce- ton, Kosciusko county, Indiana, is a son of Isaac and Louisa (Kirkpatrick) Gerard. born in Plain township, Kosciusko county. Indiana. July 7. 1864. He enjoyed the advantages of our present excellent com- mon-school system in his native township and that of Tippecanoe township. Laying a>ide his text-books at the age of seven- teen he began his struggle for self-main- tenance ami future prosperity as a rail- roader, working for the Pittsburg. Fort Wayne & Chicago railway, with which he remained tor three years. He then turned his attention to fanning, but disposed of his farming interests and went to Fort Wayne, where he entered the service of the traction company as conductor and driver. When the old system of power was superseded by the electric system, Mr. Gerard had charge of and was conductor of the first car run over the road. He remained with the com- pany for two years, and then accepted a position with the Centliver Brewing Com- pany of Fort Wayne, remaining with ; t for one year and a half. Returning to Kosciusko county, he again engaged in farming, locating in Tippecanoe township, which he followed for six years. He then moved to Marshall county and in 1901 moved to Pierceton and purchased a half interest in the livery business conducted by his cousin, Cary Gerard. Believing that the business could he better conducted alojie, he purchased his cousin's interest and is now sole proprietor. He has seven head of good horses, two sample wagons, and other vehicles necessary for a complete liv- ery and in sufficient quantity to meet the requirements of business, and, being cen- trally located, is quite prosperous. On January 11. 1885, Mr. Gerard led to the hymeneal altar Miss Elizabeth Coons, a daughter of Moses and Sarah ( Hamlin) Coons. They are now the par- ents of three interesting children : Clara Lora and Olia. all at home. Mrs. Gerard was born at Etna Green, this county, March 4, 1867, and was there educated in the public schools. Both parents of Mrs. Gerard are deceased, passing awav at their home in this county, the father in [885 and the mother in 1880. Mrs. Gerard bad live uncles on the ma- ternal side who served in the Civil war. 55Q tPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. MILTON H. BRINDLEY. In jed in that a ell defii by correct princi- g g g \vi: _ may be s etl. niilv in Anu I its I •his ind. Jan n H.. \\ it united in in . Shanholts, S inn ni- iar in the I unity w j lived. - farming and tr I, where g until t front mpany C, Thirteenth Indiana Infant g try. He died ; tnemljered rity and a true patri iiis en children the :ik. Milton II \rthur a Norman, t g Martin and Milton H. . Indiana. .. : ruarv. 1857. In his childhood he - ■ ts, meantime at intervals in the pub ill- \\;.- circui ither ha he ung, \v: make the most g • ■• ten the best g that can I ng 1 im ■ I the « t.u strength, his time I him in asking th him. In j unit - - ' COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 55» who came with her parents to the county oi Kosciusko the same year in which her name was changed to the mie she now hears. After his marriage Mr. Brindley took charge of his mother's little farm, which he cultivated until 1891, when he purchased the place near Etna Green where he now lives. In the spring 1 f [888 he was elected on the Republican ticket township trustee and served as such until 1890, when he was chosen his own successor fur another term of four years. During his incumbency he did as much if nut mere fur the township than any of his predecessors, aiming the improvements being several substantial bridges, three school houses and four or five highways, besides work of lesser mag- nitude. Not being favored with a finished edu- cation himself. Mr. Brindley has always ap- preciated the great value of schools and wjhile trustee gave the matter of public in- struction special consideration, lie spared no expense in the buildings erected for school purposes, although judicious in the expenditure of the people's money, and ii^ed his best endeavors to secure teachers of recognized intellectual ability and pro- fessional training lie managed so as to have two terms a year in each district. 01 e in the winter and one in the spring and summer, thus making it possible for the smallesl child of school age to receive its all-tied amount of training. lie is an un- tiring political worker and while serving as a member of the county central commit tee his township always came up with its old-time Republican majority and during the la-t two or three years as committee- man the vote was increased to a much higher standard than theretofore. In the year 1901 Mr. Brindley was appointed postmaster of Etna Green, the duties - £ which he has since discharged in a highh creditable manner, being a kind and oblig- ing, as we'l as an able and judicious, of- ficial. Mr. and Airs. Brindley have two chil- dren, both daughters: Nellie Golden, born December 4, 1883, is a graduate from the county schools and a stenographer and typewriter, 'being equally proficient in both; Roxie Van Orman was horn September 6, [892, and, with her sister, still lives under the parental roof. Fraternally Mr. Brind- ley belongs to Etna Lodge No. 268, at Etna Green, and Maccabees Tent No. 135, in both of which he has been honored with important official stations, being a charter member of the latter society. While not identified with any church organization, he has profound respect for religion and is a liberal supporter of the Methodist congre- gation, to which his wife belongs. He is a reader and keeps himself well posted on current events and general topics, taking a lively interest in the great political, indus- trial and religious questions of the day. on all of which he has decided opinions. As a neighbor and citizen he has always stood high in the esteem of his fellow men. he and wife being widely acquainted and mov- ing in the best social circles of the town and surrounding country. fhe above salient fads of Mr. Brind' ley's historj light the retrospect of a life oi usefulness, graced by a noble tone oi manhood and consecration to dtitj whosi influences are and will continue to be a blessing to society and a contribution to the best inspiration of onward and upward 1 ii ■ i^rcssii ,11. 55? COMPENDIUM OP BIOGRAPHY. J< »ll>; GAWTHROP. For man) years an esteemed and hon- ored resident of Van Buren township, K ciusko county, Indiana, the subject of tins review i- entitled to special mention with the successful and representative men the county of Kosciusko. lli> name has g Keen inseparably connected with the agricultural and industrial growth and velopment of the county and in the equal- ly important matter- of education and pub- lic morals he has also taken a leading part. While primarily attending to his own lai and varied business interests, his life has been largel) devoted to his fellow man. hav- ing been untiring in his efforts to inspire a proper respect for law and order and ready at all times to uplift humanity and make the world better. Hi- is .1 n< spirit and his life ha- been upright, well a- successful in the accumulation material wealth. I 1j- career contains few mistakes and abounds in much that i> 1 orable and of good report, containing the record of an untarnished" name and a char- acter above reproach, which i- much more t,. he desired than great riches. fohn < lawthrop 1- a native of Kos usko county, Indian:., and date- In- birth from the 25th day of March. [848. His father. \m..- Gawthrop, a native of Ohio, was born October 9, 1820, and when a ung man came with hi- parent- (•• K usko county, Indiana, settling on what known as "Little Turke) (reek prairie." Van Buren township. The subject's grand- father entered a quarter section em- inent land and was among the early pio- neer- ■ f Van Buren township. as- sisted to clear and develop the home farm and when he began life for himself 1 culture a- a vocation, lie was man May 11;. 1847, to Sarah Egbert, cleared a it deal of land ami became one of well-to-do farmers of hi- neighborha I le was a man oi t parts, indus- trious and thriftv, ami wherever km his word w d as his bond. I le "i\e i f tlu g citizens of the county in which iie lived, and until the break out of the '\ il w ar was a | )emo- crat in his political belief, lie nch and uncompromising friend of the Union and disagreeing with his party upon matter ery and its policies generally, ne severed his c< nnection therewith and be- came a Republican, continuing such to the end of his !a\ s. Amos and Sarah Gawthrop were the parents 1 f six children, the subject Ik the oldest of the family. Flon the md in order of birth, married Henry Gibsi n, a farmer 1 f Van Buren township, and ha- two daughters, Lena and Mabel; Mary M.. the thud in succession, died in childhood: Egbert, who comes after Mary M . is a citizen of tin- county: he mat br his first wife Die) Long, who bore him hildren, Jackson, who died yi Sarah I-'... a teacher in the public si rd: by his second wife, win se maiden name was Eleanor W 1-. he has five chil- dren. Karl. Ellen and Emma (twins), - and Charles; \ ictor. the fourth of the family, married Ellen Thompson, win Max 1. 1902, leaving two children. Per- nidia" and Victor 1 1 He is a farmei Van Buren township and look- after the interests »f his widowed mother, who - lu-r hi me with him. Charles, also a resident if Plain township, married ' COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 553 Beattv. the union resulting in one child, Chester, who died in infancy. Amos K... the youngest of the subject's brothers, is engaged in the dairy business at Milford; his wife, who was formerly Miss Emma Rippy, has borne him one child, Charlie. John Gawthrop was reared on a farm and the period of his childhood and youth passed uneventfully, having been unmarked by anything of especial importance. He grew to the full stature of vigorous man- hood, developing his bodily [lowers by healthful outdoor labor and by coming in close t< uch with nature in its varied form-. early having learned to appreciate and value at their true worth the blessings and advantages of rural life. Being the oldest son, to him naturally fell much of the labor and responsibility of the farm and until hi- twenty-fourth year he remained at home and contributed to the support of the fam- ily. On the ist day of October. 1872, he was united in the bonds of wedlock to Miss Minnie Gibson, daughter of William 1\. and Nancy (Kennison) Gibson, and for two years thereafter farmed as a renter in the township of Van Buren. At the ex- piration of the above time Mr. Gawthrop purchased one hundred and twenty acres of 1 artially cleared land in section 30 and dur- ing the following sixteen years lived 1 n the same, bringing the place to an excel- lent state of cultivation. He did much bar.! labor in the way of ditching his land, us- ing plank for the purpose until drain (ile was introduced. In [890 Mr. Caw thro;; moved to Milford and purchased property there and in [894 disposed of his former farm at a good figure. He continued to reside in Milford until purchasing his pres- ent place in 1894. He has a beautiful and weil-cuitivateU farm. which produced abundantly all the grains, vegetables and fruits grown in this part of the state and tiie general spirit of thrift and prosperity everywhere present on the premises indi- cates the interest the owner has taken in his wlork and the success with which he manages his affairs. The large and elegant modern residence which his family now oc- cupies was erected in the year 1895 ; tno building is beautiful in architectural de- sign, attractive in appearance and sur- rounded by trees and lawns, is one of the most imposing farm dwellings in the town- ship. Mr. Gawthrop has met with most grati- fying success in his business affairs and is now the possess, 1 of a fortune of consid- erable magnitude, owning, in addition to his fine farm and other property in Kosci- usko county, lands to the amount of seven hundred and sixty acres in Michigan, all devoted to cultivation and pasture except a quarter section of valuable timber land. From the latter Mr. Gawthrop expects to realize a considerable sum of money, for at the nvst conservative estimate it is claimed that the hundred and sixty acres contains at least one million feet of fine saw timber, besides 'titer of less value. Live stock- lias occupied much of Mr. Gawthrop's at- tention during the last six or eight years and as a raiser of tine cattle, hogs, sheep audi horses he has no superior in this part of the country. Of late he has given less of his attention to sheep than formerly, de- voting the greater part of his time, aside from farming, to other stock, especially horses, of which he keeps a number of very line animals, including a valuable br 1 mare whose colts have already 554 OMPENDJUM OF BIOGRAPHY brought him the sum gfcteen hundred dollar- He is an excellent judge of horse flesh and take- pride in tins noble animal, which in all ages has been man'smost use- ful and faithful friend. Mr. Gawthrop is a Democrat and lias done his party valuable service in a number ■ f campaigns, both local and general, He i- well read on t! - which divide die political parties and has the courage of hi> convictions, being a man of pro- nounced views and with the intelligence and ability to maintain them. Although ii"t ambitious n> »ffice or aspire to public distinction, he was for five year- elected trustee of Van Buren township, his continuous retention in the position speak- ing well for his capability, faithfulness popularity. Religiously he and family arc Methodists and for a period of four years he held the office of trustee and treasurer in the local church to which he belongs. Mr. and Mrs. Gawthrop had three chil- dren, namely: Mabel, born August 27, 1873, died when < >ne year old; William has borne him one son. Will- iam K.. a fanner of Harrison township, this county. Henry, who married I Gawthrop, a sister of the subject, tired fanner living in Milford. Harlan. the next in succession, has been twice mar- ried, first to Mary Dewart. who bore him two children. Minnie and Samuel < . : the ■'iid wife, whose maiden name wa- Rilla Waldron, is also the mother of two off- spring, William K. and Victor, (.'lark mar- ried Ida Chrowl, his family consisting iwo children. Treva ami Gerald. The youngest -on. Charles, a resident of Goshen, Indiana, married Hattie Pinkerton. a union blessed with two children whose names Bert and Murriel. ANDREW E. S \K1U:K. Andrew I-".. Sarher. -on of Thomas I'.. and Martha A. (Thnmons) Sarher, i- a na- tive of Seward township, Kosciusko county. Indiana, and was Ixirn the njth daj of De- cember, 1868. 1 le wa- the youngest of three children, the other- being Edson B.. aphy appear- elsewhere in thi- history, and Louisa C, who died in infancy. II'- early life wa- spent on the farm, helping with the farm work during the summe son and attending district school during the winter. After completing the cours study in the district school, he spent two - in the Burket public schools, prepar- ing t" he a teacher. He l)egan teach the autumn of 1886 and ha- taught contin- COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 555 uously ever since. In 1893 lie assumed the principalship of the Beaver Dam public scln »']s. which lie held for seven years, when he resigned to accept a similar position irj the Burket schools, which position he still holds. The greater portion of his vacation is >pent in preparing himself for higher and better work. He has spent several terms in the Northern Indiana Normal and Business Institute at Valparaiso, Indiana, and at the present time is taking the scientific course in that institution. His highest ambition seems to be to excel his present self and attain greater excellence in the various lines 1 »f pn 1- fessional work. Mr. Sarber takes a real genuine inter- est in the pupils with whom becomes in con- tact and hence has built up an enviable repu- tation among those with whom he has la- bored. While interested in the welfare of all his pupils, he has always taken a spei ial interest in those less fortunate boys and girls who get so little encouragement from the world at large. Nothing, he ^;i\^, gives him greater pleasure than the knowledge of the fact that a number of boys and girls have, due to his counsel, remained in school and completed the course of study who otherwise would have dropped out. Andrew E. Sarber was united in mar- riage. October to. 1888, to Etta Kstella, daughter of ex-County Superintendent Sam- uel I ). anil \xsa (Boggs) ^.nglin, whose genealogy appears elsewhere in this record. This union has been blessed with two bright children. Earl Fennimore Cooper, aged twelve-, and Beulab May, aged four. Earl began attending school at the age of d\ and for tiie pasl four year- ha- been neither tardy noi' absent. While he has kepi pace with hi- class in his schoi <\ work, he says he is 34 going to be a farmer. When he was four years of age his grandfather Sarber gave him two sheep, the increase from which now numbers one hundred and forty. He lets them out on the shares, is assessed, pays his own taxes, and this year took one of his fa- ther's and one of his uncle's horses and went out on the road and hauled gravel to the amount of his road tax. This lad seem- to have made a fair start to become that which he desires, an honest tiller of the soil. LANDON C. MALCOLM. The gentleman to whom the biographer m w calls the reader's attention has for over two decades been a resident of Jefferson township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, and though his life has not been altogether one of ease, yet today he can look back with sat- isfaction as he recalls the arduous toil per- formed, the many obstacles overcome and the victories won in his struggles to gain the independent position which is now his. But those sturdy traits of his Scotch and English ancestors were inherited by him and exemplified in the determination and perse- \ erance which characterized him. The coun- try is largely indebted to the sturdy and in- defatigable class of citizens of which our subject is a conspicuous example. Landon C. Malcolm is a native of West Virginia, having been born in Hampshire county, January 2, 1835. His parents. Charles P.. and Priscilla (Seiton) Malcolm. \ in- both natives of Virginia and of Scotch and English extractions. Charles I'.. Mal- colm was a son of William Malcolm, who. a native of Scotland, emigrated to the United COMPENDIUM OF BIOGh'.U'HY. State- with his father, lame- Malcolm, in a very earh 'lav. They settled in Virj where James, tin- rand father of the subject, afterwards resided until death. IK' was a farmer by occupation and was the fa- ther of three sons, James, Peter and Will- iam. The latter, the grandfather of our sub- ject, was reared < >n a farm and 1 that ion during hi- entire life. I le was mar- ried in Virginia to a Mi-- Burris ami by her had nine children, viz: James, William. Charles i'... Mariah, Ann. Nathan. < .> Lucy V and Isaac. Charles B. Malcolm, father of the sub- ject, was born in Hampshire county, Vir- ginia, in [807. He was also reared on a farm and engaged in agricultural pursuit- all his life, lie was married in Hampshire county, Virginia, about [829. to Priscilla Seiton, who was born in Loudoun county, mia. in 1812. After his marriage he irm in I lamp-hire county, Vir- ginia, which he had previously owned. Here he remained until 1N44. in which year he 1 to Shelbj county, Ohio, where he purchased land and resided until 1 864. lie then removed t" Elkhart county, Indiana, where he purchased land and resided until i Si ii. then moved t" Kosciusko county, whei ' ed in 1 871. His w ife died in Elkhart count} in t868. They weretl 1 ents of ten children, viz: Edward V.. de- li Samuel B., deceased, was a soldier during the Civil war in the Fourth Ohio ' dry and served three years and months: Land' .11 C, the subjeci of this re- view; William was also a soldier in the Fourth ' airy and wa- killed while "ii dut} : Catherine, now Mr-. Joeb Sharp. iravelton, Indiana: Horace II in the Thirty-eighth < mio \ ol unteer Infantr} and served three years, be- i inmate of the Andersonville p -even months, and is now a resident of Goshen, Indiana; Jane married David Shive and resides in Iowa; Phidelia, now Mr-. John Malcolm, resides in Kosciusko 01111- tv : Araminta died in infancy, and ]IL'U OF BIOGRAPHY. striking example of the exercise of those correct principles which win success. His youth was beset with many adverse cir- cumstances, not the least of which was the lack of a mother's tender care ami a fa- ther's wise advice ami guidance at ai when boys 111* ■ — t need the influence of pa- rental d nt it .1 to direct them into the prop- er channels of life. That he successfully withstood temptation ami pursued the right course shows him to have possessed moral .stamina and a well-defined purpose to rise superior to his environments ami become of some use in the world, a determination whirli has actuated him from his youth to resent time. Few young men situated as was Mr. Groves in the beginning of life, without capital 1 r assistance which influen- tial friends could exert in his behalf, would have accomplished as much as he has in removing the obstacles from his pathway and winning not only a competence but teem and confidence of his fellow cit- Upon attaining hi- majority he in- herited eighty acre- of land and two thou- sand dollars in money. lie occupies a conspicuous place in the community. large number of friends ami is popular with all 1 i people. Courteous and kindly in manner and of unassailable in- tegrity, hi- cat been that of a typical American gentleman whose prominent aim has been to help others while building up and establishing his own success in life. He ha- a beautiful and attractive home. which is the center of a free and hearty tality. Here, surrounded 1>y famih ami frieni m by kind deeds, he finds 1 <■ in the changi rlj offices, without ■ would he dive-ted of mauv of it- charm.-. He 1- -till a young man. in the prime of physical ami mental manhi and, with the ; criterion, it 1- rea- able to predict for him a long and use- ful life. The home > f Mr. and Mr-. Groves has been made bright by the presence of I promising -on-. Ralph J. and Ji hn D., af twelve and eight years respectively. liticallv Mr. Groves i- a Democrat. FREDERICK A. KRULL, De< based. To a great extent the prosperity of the agricultural sections of our great country is due to the honest industry, the sturdy perseverance and the wis< my which -o prominently characterizes the foi element that has entered largely into our population. By comparison with their "old country" surroundings, these people have readily recognized the fact that in America lie th( -t opportunities for the man of ambition and energy. And becaus< this many have broken the tie- of home and native land and have entered earnestly upon the ta-k <-\ gaining in the new v a home and competence. Among thi- may he mentioned Frederick A. Krull, who, by rea-on of years of indefatigable labor and hones) effort, not only acquired a well- merited material pn sperity, hut also richly earned the highest 'fall with whom he - ciated. Frederick A. Krull. whose name forms ■ :ingdom of Xctherlaml. ha\ horn in the province of Friesland, January -'4. 1832. His ' F. am! COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 559 (Swart) Krull, were also natives of the same province and resided there during their entire lives. They were the parents ol eight children, named in the order of their birth as follows: John A.. Federick A., Ane A.. Isaac A.. Gertrude A.. Ami;; A., and Piebe A., all of win an grew to maturity, and one daughter. Doratha A.. who died in infancy. Federick A. Krull was reared in his native country ami attended school until about seventeen years of age, receiving a good education. Upon the conclusion of his studies he determined to make farming his vocation, and consequently hired out to a farmer in his native country by the year, in 1854 he, in company with his brother, Ane A., emigrated to the United State-, his uncle, Klaas Swart, and family being also in the party and all came over together. They landed at New York city in July of that year and a few days later came to Elkhart comity, Indiana. His uncle purchased land near Paris and the subject and his brother made their home wii'i him for some time, working at what- ever they could get to do. That same fall Frederick A., in partner- ship with his brother, purchased forty acres of land. About four years later they erected a house and rented the property to a married couple and then made their home with them. In 1858 the brothers made a trip through Michigan with the exception of purchasing land, having been informed that it was cheaper in that state than in In- diana, hut they did not like the country and consequently soon returned to Indiana. In the came fall they went to California, where they purchased three hundred and twenty acres of Land and engaged in the dairy business and vegetable raising, in partner- ship with Cornelius Yoimg. The subject and his brother also did considerable team- j ing across the mountains, from Sacramento b Carson valley, (.old Hill, Virginia City and other points in Nevada territory. In [865 the subject sold hi- interests to Ins brother and returned to Indiana. On March 15. 1866, Frederick A. Krull was united in marriage to Miss Simkjen B. Rystra, of Friesland, Netherland, Au- gust 20, 1841. Her parents. Bonke W. and Margaret J. (Smid) Rystra, were also na- tives of the same place and emigrated from thence to the United States in 1853, settling near Paris, Elkhart count}-. Indiana, where they resided until their deaths. They were the parents of six children, viz : Tetje, Jitske, John, Afke, Simkjen B., and a son that died in infancy not named. After the subject's marriage he settled on the forty-acre farm in Elkhart county which he and his brother had previously purchased. He subsequently purchased his brother's interest and resided there until the spring of 1881, at which time he moved to Kosciusko county and settled on the farm on which he resided during the remainder of Ins life. The home farm in Jefferson township comprises two hundred and three acres, all of which is well improved and in high state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Krull had born to them eight children, viz : Albert F., born January 14. 1867: John F.. born April 2<>. 1868: Ane F., born December 25, 1869. died No- vember 3. 1870; Ane I'"., born October 5, 1N71; Harry I'"., born June 9, 1874; Mar- garet F., born April 2, 187(1; George I'., born July 30. 187S; Isaac F., born October Mi. [882. Religiously Mr. Krull was 1 56o COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY faithful and consistent member of the Mennonite church, to which the family also belongs; the latter because of their many fine qualities are held in high regard 1>\ all in their community. Politically Mr. Krull was a Prohibitionist. His death oc- currecl <>u the .}i-t of March. 1902, and his remains were interred in the Whitehead cemetery. He was a kind friend and neighbor and his death was a distinct loss to the community. Mrs. Krull and two of her children m>\\ reside on the old home- id. ULRICH VVELTY. In the romantic little republic of Switzerland, the country of freedom and cradle of liberty, the subject of this sketch was born on the 28th da) 1 I May, 1835. Ili- father, John VVelty, was also born among the mountains of the same country and his mother, Christina Gerber, first saw the light of day not far from the capital city of that historic republic. These parents were married in the canton of Berne and lived there until 1854, when they took pass- age "ii a sailing vessel for America, which country they reached after spending thirty days upon the ocean, landing in May of that year in the harbor of New York. From New York city they proceeded westward a- far as Putnam county. Ohio, where Mr. VVelty purchased land ami engaged in farming, a vocation he followed with varied >S until his death. alx>ut two I Ik widow survived a numb , dying in Putnam county at the home of one of her sons after reaching a good old F • lii) and Christina Welty weri parents 1 f ten children: John. Anna I'... Peter, Fannie, Matthias, Christina, Fred- erick, Elizabeth, L'lrich and John X. L'lrich Welty. to a brief resume of w career the remaining lino of this article are devoted, was i>orn in the canton of Heme and spent the lir-t nineteen fe in the country of hi- nativity, in the schools of which he received hi- educational training, lie accompanied hi- parent- to the United State- in 1854 and lived with them for some time in Ohio, assisting his father with the farm labor and occasionally earning money for himself by working for some of the people of the neighborhood. When a young man he left the parental roof and went to Adam- county, Indiana, where he hired to his uncle. Samuel. Baumgartner, a well-to-do farmer, in w employ he remained about one year and then returned to hi- home in Ohio. For some time thereafter he worked at carpent< a knowledge of which he obtained in hi- native country, and earned the reputation of a skillful and energetic builder. He fol- lowed the trade in Putnam county until (857 when he went to Elkhart county. In- diana, where he was similarly engaged mi- til about 1863. On the 7th of January. [862, was emnized the marriage of Mr. Welty and Miss Anna Hare, the latter loin in Putnam county. Ohio, October 10. 1S44. Mr-. Welty'- parents. Christian and Esther > artk) Bare, were native- of Virginia, but in an early day went to ( >hio and settled in the county of Columbiana, where their marriage afterward- took place. Subse- ently, about the year 1857, they m Elkhart county. Indiana, and -ettled in Union township where they -till reside, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 561 both being advanced in years and widely known in their community. Their family consists of the following children 1 : Ben- jamin, Mary. John, Anna, Rebecca, Cather- ine and Susan. After Mr. Welty's marriage lie located in Elkhart county, but one year later changed his abode to the county of Kos- ciusko, settling on a part of a farm in Jeffer- son township which he purchased a short time previously. By industry and well- directed thrift he subsequently increased his place until it comprised one hundred and fifty acres, its present area, adding to his improvements from time to time as well as develi piug the productiveness of the soil. At this time he has one of the finest and best-arranged private residences in the township of Jefferson, while his other build- ings, fences, etc., compare with the best in this section of the county. His farm in many respects is a model of neatness and good taste and the evidences of thrift and prosperity are manifest in every part of the place. Mr. Welty made nearly all of his improvements himself, as there were but few acres in cultivation when he took pos- session nf the farm. He replaced old build- ings with new ones as soon as circumstances would admit, and has continued to add to the attractiveness and value of the farm until it is now a home of which any one might feel proud. Mr. W'ehy does general farming, making specialties of no particular kind- of grain. By careful attention t that branch of the church of Christ known as Mennonites, a body long noted for the piety of its membership as well as for their good works. He exemplifies his faith by his actions, which are quiet and un- ostentatious, and gives according to the scriptural admonition, not to let the left hand know what the right hand doeth. Al- though considerably advanced in years, Mr. Welty's mind retains much of its early vig- or and for one of his age his bodily powers are -till strong and active. Firm, positive and correct in his ideas, pleasant and agree- able in manner, and devoted U> what he considers the right, his life has been emi- nently successful and to-day he occupies a conspicuous position among the leading farmers and citizens of his township and county. Mrs. Welty is a woman of high moral and religious standing and for a num- ber of years has been an humble and devout commlunicant of the church with which her husband is identified. She i- the mother of eleven children, whose name- are a- fol lows: Ephraim. Emanuel, Levi, Hettie A.. Christina. Noah, William II., Minerva, Mary E.. Salome and David, a large family from which death claimed but a single vic- tim. Salome, the. tenth in order of birth. 562 MPENDIUM OF BlOGR.li'UY J< >IIX BEST. "Agriculture is the noblest of all alche- my.' says a distinguished writer, "for il turn> earth and even refuse into gold and ipon its cultivator the additional re- ward of health." This oldest of human vocations, and noblest of them all, has been honored by the successful > the sub- i this sketch. John Best is a native of Ohio and son of John and Mary (Cooper) the fattier born in Maryland and the er in Pennsylvania. The Bests and Coopers were among the early pioneers oi the Buckeye state and it was in the county of Stark that the parents of the subject met and were married. Shortly after uniting then- fortunes thej t"<>k up their residence rroll count) where they live'! for a number of years and later moving to the count) of Putnam. John Best, Sr., was a farmer and appears t" have been reason- ably successful in his chosen calling; he and his wife spent the latter years of their lives ir Putnam county and lx>th died there at ad- riu-y reared a family 1 tf seven childn sons and one daughter, namely, 1, John, Abraham, Isaac, Sarah V. Ji iseph and William. the third son, was born Au- gust i". 1823, in Carroll county, Ohio, and remained on the home farm until his eight- eenth year, lie then went to the town of and entered np.ni a three-years prenticeship to learn blacksmi thing, at the end of which time he started >f his own m Carroll unity. Being idem workman, he soon built up a large and lu- crative business and was thus ed in v until about tin v lien he n ■ int^ of Putnam. Mr Best remained in Putnam county working at his trade until 1865, at which time he disposed of his interests there and with a wagon and t ed his family t< . Kosciusko county, Indiana. suming one week on the way. The trip was aid tiresome, made doubly so l»\ roads, some of which led through a new and sparsel) settled country and others beit deep with mud as to rentier travelinj most impossible. On reaching his destina- tion Mr. Best purchased the place in Jeffer- son township mi which he now lives Ji he has increased its since taking possession. Since becoming a resi- dent of Kosciusko county he has devoted his time and em (cultural pur- suits and at the present time owns a beauti- ful farm of one hundred and thirty - acres, of which eighty-five are in cultivation. He has made many valuable improvements mu his place, including a commodious dwell- ed barn and out-buildings and fences, and has. in places, put in a siico system of drainage by means of which much valuable land has la-en reclaimed. Mr. Best was one of the leading agri- culturists of Jefferson township as lot ntinued actively engaged in farming, hut having accumulated a sufficient amount of worldly wealth to render further labor unnecessary, he turned his place over to other hands and is now living a life of hon- orable retirement. lie still manages his business affairs, imt by reason of advancing spends the greater part of his time in njoyment of the rest and quietude which he has so nobly earned by a long life of patient industry. Mr. Best served his township as justice of the peace for a p. of more than twent) I disch; COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY. 563 the duties pertaining thereto with an ability that brought him to the favorable notice of a large number of people in all parts of the county. 'Die wisdom of his decisions and the soundness of his judgment caused many important matters to be brought to his court and during his incumbency he passed upon more cases and adjusted mure difficulties, perhaps, than any other justice of the peace in the county of Kosciusko. Politically Mr. Best is a Democrat and as such has rendered valuable service during a number of campaigns. His religious views are in accord with the Evangelical Lutheran church, of which both himself and wife are faithful and consistent members. He has a profound regard fur sacred things and ever since uniting with the church has lived a life consistent with his profession, hi- actions speaking louder than words as to the sincerity with which he discharges every conscious religious duty. He i- a liberal supporter of his own denomination. but his benefactions do not end there, all charities and benevolent objects sharing the means which he dispense-. Mr. Best is a good man and no one stands higher than he in the esteem of the public, all who know him respecting him for the purity of his daily life and for his ster- ling Christian character; his integrity has never been questioned and wherever he is known his word is as good as his written 1 bligation with the best of indorsement. ( >n the [6th of April. [848, Mr. Besl was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Young, whose birth occurred in London- derry, Ireland, on the 28th day of April. 1829. Mrs. Best's parents. William and Martha I Russell) Young, left their native country in 1839 and started for the United States, but before reaching their destination the father died and was buried at sea. The mother and five children finally landed in the harbor of New York and proceeded thence to Philadelphia, from which city they afterwards moved to Carroll county. Ohio, where the mother purchased a farm near the town of Waynesburg. She managed her farm well, lived to see her children well pro- vided for and departed this life a number of years ago. The children were Mary J., James B.. Robert R., Sarah A. and Isa- bella J. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Best number thirteen children, whose names and dates of birth are as follows: Mary M., April 1, 1849: Sarah M., ( Ictober 31, 1851 ; Amanda J., August 5, 1853; James M., August 19, 1S55; Susan A., August 18, 1857; Robert R.. January 13. i860; Arta- missa A.. November 12. 1861 : John W., De- cember 18. 1863; Isaac W., April 1, r866; Sylvanus B., December 17. 1867: Cora B., June 4, 1869. and two that died 111 infancy before being named. SIMON HEPLER. The name of Simon llepler is familiarly known throughout the township of Jeffer- son, of which he has been a substantia] and enterprising citizen since the year 1889. His paternal ancestors were among the early settlers of Westmoreland county. Pennsyl- vania;, and on the mother's side be is de- scended from an old family of Stark county. Ohio. His grandfather. Daniel llepler. was born and reared in Pennsylvania and there married Catherine Kline, a native of the county of Westmoreland. Aboul the 564 COMI'E.XniUU OF BIOGRAPHY. 1823 this worthy couple migrated to Car- rol] county, < >hio, where the husband and father purchased a tract of government land from which he cleared and developed a farm. He remained in that county until his death, which occurred in 1N41 at the sixty years. Subsequently his widow came with certain members of the family to Kos- ciusko county. Indiana, where home with her children until summoned t" join her husband in the great beyond. Dan- iel and Catherine Hepler had thirteen chil- dren, nine of whom grew t<> mature years, namely: Samuel S., Jacob, Barbara, Eliza- beth, Hannah, John D.. Catherine. Mary and Daniel, the others dying young. John D. Hepler, fifth of the family, was born December 18, [821, in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and when less than three year- of age was taken by h\- parents to Ohio, lie grew to manhood's estate in ill county and in [84] was united in marriage in the county of Stark to Miss Catherine Bortz, a native of < >hi". bom March -•-'. [822. She was the daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Cressman) Bortz, of Stark county, where the antecedents "it both of the family settled in an early day. In the year 1N44 John D. Hepler disposed of his interests in the Buckeye state and came t" Kosciusko county, Indiana, settling in Sett township, where he has since made his home, lie ; s one of the substantial old ns of the township in which he lives and is well liked by a large circle of ft who have learned to esteem him for his many sterling qualities of manh 1. lie h the father of a large family, namely: Al- pheus (deceased), Samuel 1 deceased 1. than. Franklin, Sophia. James (de- inda, a daughter that dii infancy, David, Simon. Elizabeth and Ma- tilda. Reverting to the life story of the direct subject of this sketch, it is learned that Simon 1 lepler is a native of Kosciusko coun- ty, Indiana, and that his birth occurred in Scott township on the 4th of November, [851. His childhood and youthful experi- were pretty much like those of the majority of hoys reared in the rural districts and. like them, he s]>ent his time alternately at work on the farm and in district schools preparing himself for life's future duties, lie was his father '> faithful assistant until reaching an age when young men are ex- to start in the world as independent factors; he then selected agriculture for a vocation and has since pursued that honor- able calling with sufficient success t,, win for himself a respectable standing among those of his township similarly engaged. Mr. Hepler was married in Henry coun- ty, 1 'liio. January _}. [889, to Mis- Susie E. I loover, whose birth occurred in that county on the 25th day of August, [866. She is the daughter of Abraham and Catherine Hoo- ver and the third of nine children, the names of her brothers and sisters being as follows. Mary. Elizabeth, Cordelia M.. Jennie 1.. : |i. George W., Ellie, and an un- named infant. Mr. and Mis. Hepler's home is brightened by the presence of one child, a daughter 1>\ the name of Blanch X.. a young lady in whom are centered many fond - for the future. Shortly after Mr. Hepler's marriage he settled on the farm in Jefferson township which came into his | short time previous to January. 1889, and on which he -nice lived and prospered. The place contains eight) acres, of which sixty are in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 565 cultivation, the soil being- remarkably pro- ductive, the original fertility having been retained and in places greatly strengthened b\ drainage and artificial fertilizing. Mr. Hepler has a good, convenient house, a sub- stantia] barn and other outbuildings, all of which represent his own labor and capital. His Other improvements are good and in first-class repair and the fine condition of the fields plainly bear evidence to the care and pains which have been devoted to the soil by the energetic and progressive owner. The farm in its present fine condition, with buildings and all improvements, including a great deal of ditching, is a monument to Mr. Hepler's industry and thrift. The place was originally a thick woods, filled with a dense growth, of underbrush. To bring it to its present state required much work, nearly all of which has been done with Mr. Hep- ler's own hands or by his direction. While not as large as some other farms in Jeffer- son township, his place is highly cultivated. produces abundantly and yields much more than a living, his income being such as to place him in comfortable, if not independent, circumstances. Mr. Hepler is an energetic, go-ahead, up-to-date fanner, familiar with agriculture in all of its details, and takes ad- vantage of every opportunity to keep his acres at their full productive capacity. He stands well as a citizen and has always Mb- tained the character of an honest, upright man. In politics he supports the Democratic party, and, being a reader and in touch with current thought, is able to give an intelligent reason for his convictions and opinions. He contents himself with working for his part) and voting for its nominees, having no am- bition to gratify in the way of public office. He lives a quiet, contented life and does all the good within his power to promote the general welfare; he is also an advocate of all measures for the general welfare and uses bis influence on the right side of every moral issue. MILTON WOODS. A gentleman true to the duties of cit- izenship, faithful to every trust reposed in him and well worthy the high regard in which he is held — such is the well known resident of Kosciusko county whose brief life story is herewith presented. Milton Woods is the son of John and Mariah (Moore) Woods, who were among the early settlers of Turkey Creek township, the father coming to this county from Ohio when a young m|an and spending the re- mainder of his life where he originally lo- cated. He died in the prime of life, but his willow still survives, having reached the ripe old age of eighty-five years. John Woods was a farmer and a local minister of the Methodist church. He preached at places where there were no regularly or- ganized congregations, officiated at wed- dings and funerals, but was never engaged as a settled pastor, giving bis services freely wherever and whenever they were re- quested. He was a sincere Christian, did much for the cause of the Master by his public ministrations and always exerted a strong influence for good by the blame- less character of his every-day life. He was the father of five children, the subject of this sketch being the only one living; the others were Caroline, Joseph, William and Elizabeth. Milton Woods was born fanuary ,}. 566 PENDIUM OF BlOuR.-U'llV. county, Indiana, and spent an uneventful childhood on hi ther's farm. He was a pupil in the public Is until his fifteenth year, at which earl) age he began life for hims farm hand and continued in that capacit) tlir greater pari of the time until his mar- in 18 'i . For some time he was em lo farmer bj the name of Samuel Baker, between whi se daughter •hine and himself a tender attachment sprang up, which finally led toman eremonj being solemnized "ii Decem- the above year. \fter taking t" himself a companion and helpmeet Mr. Woods rented a farm in Sparta township, Noble county, where he lived for a short time, subsequently return- is ■ sciusko >■ unty and purchasing the place in Turkey Creek township on whicli he has since resided and prospered, farmer ho ha- been enterprising and progressive, but of recent year- Ik- ha- de- pended largely upon live stock a- the chiel his income, being recognized as i me of the mosl successful cattle rais< the county. At the present time he ha- a herd consisting "i ninety head of fine ani- mal- in prime condition, in addition to which lie keeps quite a number of bied swit ral valuable horse-, the il appearance of his st,,ck indicating ire and attention he ha- devoted to this important branch of industry. Mr Woods ha- a beautiful home ami •t been sparing of his mean- in supply- : with the comforts and conveniences calculated to vender agreeable the ' wife's ind make the place the di -|H,t on earth to all the inmates. 1 ti in utilizing the good things of this world anil aim- to crowd into Ins own and the ndent upon him all the pleasure and satisfaction that can possibly be tained. \- her I, Mr. W< ods was united in marriage, December -'<>. 1861, to Miss Josephine Baker. She wa- boon m Sum- merford, Madison county. Ohio, April i,;. 3 ;_'. Her father. Samuel Baker, wa- a na- tive of Virginia, horn in < tetober, 1809, and died Ma) 23, [864. He n actical education, and in his early life he took up the vocation >hio, where -he married. She possessed line trait- of char- acter and impressed upon her children the indelible -tamp of her own high qualit Mr. and Mr- Baker were the parent- of -i\ children, Abigail, cl< Mary, the wife of Amos Berninger, of Lancaster, Hiiro \nn ; Josephine, wife of the subject; Linna ami Commodore. Mr-. Woods wa- a child of l>ut seven years when -he became a ■ dent of Kosciusko county. She wa- edu- cated in the public schools ami for a time was a teacher in the schools of Noble county. She i- a member of the Church of God at Indiana, and is active and • OUS in all good work-. She takes a deep in- terest in the temperance movement and is affiliated with the Woman's Christian Tem- perance I nion, She wa- president of the ( DM I'l: \l>ll 1/ (>/• /UoCk'.ll'I!)-. 567 branch of this societj at Ligonier and lias delivered a number of lectures before differ cni bodies and distributed much literature. She acted as organizer of the woman's home missionary work in five counties in northern Indiana and is eminently fitted for leadership. As hostess of the Vawter Park hotel she has displayed to advantage her fine business qualifications and her efforts to please her patrons and contribute to their comforl have been notablj successful. Mr. and Mrs. \\ K have reared chil- dren who in former days added life and brightness to their home and in later years will no doubt tenderly care for their parents and minister in every way possible to their comfort and enjoyment, Marietta, the oldest, who was born October 15, [862, died in childhood; Eva, born June 1 4, [865, was educated at Syracuse, Indiana, and is now an able assistant to her mother; Terry, born April 24, [868, married Kate Umben hour, by whom he has two children, [osie Mildred and l.'>is Evelyn, and now has charge of the home farm; Charles A., whose birth occurred on the 15th of September, 1874, received a superior education, having spent four years at the State University at Bloomington, Indiana, graduating with the class of [898; he afterwards taught one term of school, but is now engaged with the Inter-State [nsurance Company at [ndianap olis ; he married I I el en Marsh, who has pre sented him with a daughter, Man fose phine. Mr. Woods and wife enjoj the respect and friendship of their community in no small degree; surrounded as the) are by an intelligent class of people, the best of neigh- bors and the kindest of friends, the) can not but rejoice that their lots have been cast amid such pleasant and agreeable condi- tions. Their home is a quiet retreal where hospitalit) and good will reign supreme, and by their generous sympathies, genial man- ners and kindly dispositions, their circle of acquaintances has become greatl) enlarged, including the besl people in the community for mail) miles around. Although not iden- tified with any religious organization him- self, Mr. Woods is a friend of the church, supports it with his means and CO-operates with it and all other organizations having for their object the uplifting of humanity and the bettering of society. Politically he has always given loyal support to the Re- publican party, being content to support the nominees and let those who feel so inclined aspne to office. As a man and citizen he has an excellent reputation, being straightfor- ing arms for its heroes; history's pages may ward and honorable in all of his dealings and fully deserving the confidence reposed in him. ■♦-►♦ — HENRY E. kl.VSI'A . The gentleman to whom attention is di- rected in this review is an individual who has attained pronounced prestige 1>\ reason of native and acquired ability, as also be- cause of his prominence in official position and high Standing in the domain of private citizenship. Mr. Kinsey is one ot the repre- sentative men of Plain township and for some years past has been prominently iden- tified with the industrial and business in- terests of Leesburg. lb- takes a deep and abiding interest in everything pertaining to die material advancement of the town and township and even enterprise intended to 568 COMPENDIUM OF BlOGRAl'llY. promote the advancement of Kosciusko county is sure t" receive his hearty sup- port. He :- raid a~ one of the pi citizens of the community in which lie lives ami the high respect in which he is held by all classes of people is a deserving compli- ment to an intelligent, broad-minded ami most worthy man. The subject's paternal grandfather, Francis A. Kinsey, was a native of the state of Delaware. In an early day he migrated to i Ihio and was there united in m.r !•• Esther trainer, who bore him ten chil- dren, of whom Benjamin D., father of Hen- ■. I .. was the second in order of birth. After living in Ohio for a number of years he came t" Kosciusko county. Indiana, and settled in Clay town-hip, where he still re- sides, a- a successful tiller of the soil, hav- ing fn on his youth followed agricultural pursuits for a livelihood. Benjamin I >. Kinsey was born in Ohio and accompanied his parents to Kosciusko counts, where he worked for many years as rpenter ami builder, lie became very efficient at his trade and many of the frame dwellings, harn- and other buildings in Clay and adjacent town-hip- stand a- mon- uments to his -kill a> an architect ami me- chanic. When a young man Benjamin I >. Kin- sey married Miss Mary E. VV hard, a union which resulted in the birth of four children, namely: Henry F... of this sketch: Nellie, wife of George Irvine, a farmer and the present trustee of clay township; Clara I'., widow of the late Hiram Norris, and (liner P., an unmarried man who i- with his parents. Benjamin I ). Kins< one of the substantial citizens of his pan of the count v and has always sustained the reputation of an honest, upright man, who knowing his duty discharges the same with a resoluteness of purpose that wins the high 1 of his neighbors and friends. He early impressed his individuality upon the community and. heartily seconded by the effort- of hi- g 1 wife, reared his children for stations of usefulness in the world. Henry E. Kinsey is a native of Koscius- ko county, horn upon the homestead in Clay township on the _^rd day of January. 1863. Reared amid the peaceful scenes of rural life, he gave his attention during his youth to tin if the fields and other dutii the farm and when old enough became .1 pupil in the district schools near his father's dwelling place. IK- paid close and diligent attention t<> his duties and early in life there was enkindled in his mind a strong desire for knowledge ami an appreciation of the privileges which a g 1 education would bring to him. Sparing no reason- able effort to enlarge his mental horizon, ■n led his classmates ami at the ag nineteen was sufficiently advanced t" --fully the required examination and obtain a license entitling him to teach in the public school- of Kosciusko county. Mr. Kinsey entered upon his work an instructor with the same trepidation which attends the majority of young teach- nd which is universal!) conceded to l»e one of the t'ir-t precursors of success in the management of pupils ami the directii their minds in the pathway of know!, His first attempt proving satisfactory in an eminent degree, induced him to continue in the profession, which he did for a perio twelve years. His frequent retentions mi line district was a compliment to his coMPExnir.u of biography 569 ability ami tact as an instructor and it was not long until he attained a reputation as one "f the ablest and most popular teachers in tin county. Meanwhile, with the laud- able desire to increase his scholastic knowl- edge and the better to prepare himself for successful work in the school room, he spent several of his vacations in the North- ern Indiana Normal University at Valpa- raiso. In that well known and popular in- stitution he made commendable progress in the various higher branches of learning, [laying special attention to mathematics, in which he developed great proficiency. Mak- ing a specialty of surveying and civil en- ginering, with the object in view of ulti- mately adopting that his life work, he took in addition to the regular course private in- structions under Professor M. E. Bogarte, one of the most profound mathematicians and civil engineers in the state. Thorough- ly lilted for surveying by mental discipline and sound professional training, he an- nounced himself in 1894 a candidate before the Republican convention for nomination as county surveyor. In addition to himself there were three other aspirants for the honor, but on the third ballot he led his com- petitors and became the accepted candidate. In the ensuing election Mr. Kinsey de- feated his opponent by a large majority and in the discharge of his official functions made such a creditable record that at the expiration of his term he was chosen his own successor without opposition. This was a most flattering compliment to his efficiency anil a testimony to his popularity with the people of the county irespective of party affiliations. Hi-- second term was eminently satisfactory to the public and he retired from the office with a record which compared favorably with that of any of his predecessors ami which proved him to have been one of the most efficient and faithful officials that ever served the people of Kos- ciusko county. Meantime Mr. Kinsey became a bene- dict, being united in marriage to .Miss Mat- tie Uplinger. daughter of Ezra W. Up- Imger, a native of Pennsylvania, but for many years an honored resident of this part of the state of Indiana. Immediately after Ins marriage Mr. Kinsey took possession of his father's farm in Clay township, which he cultivated until his election as county surveyor, spending the winter seasons teach- ing in the public schools. Upon his retire- ment from office in 1898 he entered into partnership with 1). II. Lessig, I). I\. Brown and I'. M. Thompson for the pur- pose of erecting a flouring-mill at Leesburg. This enterprise has proved financially suc- cessful beyond the expectations of the pro- moters and is now one of the best paying concerns of the kind in the county. Mr. Kinsey has given the mill his personal at- tention, besides being secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Leesburg Grain and Milling Company, which, in addition to the manufacture of flour, buys ami ships grain upon an extensive scale, affording a good and easily accessihle market for a large and prosperous section of the country. To Mr. Kinsey may aptly be applied the term "hustler." He has long been noted lor his remarkable energy which, combined with sound judgment, wise forethought and a keen, discriminating knowledge of affairs, makes him one of the most reliable and progressive business men in the town of his residence. He is a young man, but the wisdom he has displayed as an official and 57° COMl'EXlUrM OF BIOGRAPHY. in the business and industrial w < >rl< 1 would be creditable to one many years his senior and of much larger experience. While ex- ercising prudence in the management of his own large interests, he has not been unmind- ful "i" the public good, materially and other- wise. It is a significant fact that ever since arriving at years of manhood he has advo- cated all measures calculated i" advance the enmity and develop its resources ami since becoming a resident of Leesburg his voice has been heard with no uncertain sound in advocating needed public improvements. Mr. Kinsey is an ardent supporter '•! the Republican party, tn which he has given much (if his energies and from which, as already stated, he has received mark- o\ favor. He enters into political work with ;ne force and energy that characterize his efforts in business affairs, notwithstand- ing which he stands well with the opposi- tinii and numbers among his el"sest per- sonal friends and warmest admirers many who are as radically Democratic as he is Republican. Fraternall) he is a member of the M. idem Woodmen of America, aside from which he is nut connected with any secret or benevolent organization. In mat- ters religious he is bound by no church or creed, hut believes in the church as a moral and spiritual force and is a liberal contributor t" its maintenance. Mr. and Mis. Kinse) are well liked so- cially and move in the best of society in the town : j. With an ample com- petence, a comfortable home ami all the -ities and luxuries which uH'iie; e happih and contentedly .-•.ml i i pi 'tent influence in behalf of even ulated to promote thi cial and i immunitv. They have two bright children. Andre born March u. iN<«>. and Esther i'... whose birth occurred May 2, 1896. \\ II. MAM M< K >RE. Fame may look to the clash ■>! resound- ing arms for its heroes; history's pages may he filled with a record of the deeds of the great who have deluged the world with I, destroyed kingdoms, created dynas- ties and left their names as plague -i«>ts upon civilization's escutcheon; the poet may embalm in deathless song the short and simple annals of the poor; hut there have Few i" sound the praise of the brave and sturdy pioneer who among the truly great ami noble is certainly deserving of at a little space mi the categorj of the immortals. To him more than in any other is civilization indebted fur the brightest in its diadem, for it was he that 1 the way ami acted as vanguard I'm" the might) army of progress that within the last century has conquered the wildei and transformed it into one of the fairest and nn ist enlightened of the American com- monwealth's domains. Nearly all the early pioneers of K county have rested from their lalxu-s and gone t" their reward, hut here and there a scattered few remain, honorable a former day ami generation, l>ent under time's autograph indelibly stamped upon their brows, hut still Sturd) and in- dependent of spirit as when in the • from the moorings of civili- zation and penetrated the w Is in quest of new hi lines and new destinies. Among COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 57i those who bore an active part in the pioneer period of this county is the well-known and venerated subject of this sketch, whom to know is to honor and respect. William Moore has lung been one of the highly es- teemed citizens of the township of his resi- dence ami it is with pleasure that the fol- lowing brief outline of his life and achieve- ments is accorded a place in this volume de- voted to a review of Kosciusko's representa- tive men. Mr. Moore was born May 1. 1825, and since his eleventh year has been living at or within a few miles of his present place of abode. His parents were among the coun- ty's early settlers, moving here in 1836, pur- chasing land from the government and bear- ing their share of the rough usages which it was the lot of the pioneers to experience. They finished their life work where they originally settled and with others of the early comers now rest from their labors in the peaceful sleep that knows no waking. Jo- seph and Patience Moore had six children. namely: Milton, deceased; Sarah, de- ceased: John A., a resident of Noble coun- ty; Maria, widow of Allen Richart, resid- ing in Turkey Creek township; Joseph, who lives in the county of Noble, and William, whose name introduces this sketch. As Mated in another paragraph, Will- iam Moore was a lad of eleven years when hi-, parents moved to the county of Kosci- usko. The countrj being new and the place on which the family settled unimproved, much hard labor fell to the boys as soon as they were old enough to be of any serv- ice, the subject bearing his full share of the common toil. What knowledge of bonk-; be received was acquired by a couple of months each year in the indifferent schools, 35 but by far the greater part of his education is of the stern, practical kind obtained in the rugged school of experience. He re- mained at home until bis mother's death and about the year 1850 began life for him- self as a farmer, a vocation to which he has since devoted his time and energies. Miss Catherine Weaver, the only child of Isaac and Elizabeth (Akers) Weaver, was born in Tippecanoe county. Indiana, on the 27th day of February, 1831. Her par- ents were early settlers of Kosciusko coun- ty, both living to a ripe old age, the father having been three times married. Miss Weaver and William Moore were made hus- band and wife on the 4th of March. 1852, and they set up their first domestic estab- lishment on a farm in Turkey Creek town- ship, which Mr. Moore and his brother had purchased in partnership some time before. Later the subject bought his brother's in- terest and has made the place his home ever since. It is now one of the finest and most highly improved farms in the town- ship, containing a beautiful and commo- dious residence, large barn, good outbuild- ings with fences and other accessories in keeping therewith, the prosperous condition of the place indicating the home of an intel- ligent, enterprising and successful tiller of the soil. This farm is admirably situated in one of the most beautiful and attractive sections of Kosciusko county, the noted sum- mer resort. "Wawasee," being a pan of the original place. Mr. Moore sold this portion of the farm in [879 and the pro- prietors have since made it one of the favor- ite resorts of summer tourists in northern Indiana. Mi-. Moore has been engaged in gen- eral farming for a number of years, but 572 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. at present 'lot-- little besides managing his nterests and look after his other large business affairs. lie has i i" fine li\ e >t"ck and dealt ex- tensively in real estate, owning at this time over seven hundred acres in this county, al liable property in the town of Syra- cuse ;'ii the Republican part) ever since it- organiza- tion and it is a fact worth) of note that all ol - and sons-in-law subscribe to 1'iie political creed that hi - In lie i- well real and for a number of year- ha- been an humbli i member of the Church of God, his wife ging t" the same body of wi »rshi| Mr. and Mr-. Moore are the parents YV. died when <. een n Id; Joseph married Mai . lives in this c< >untv : f ■ »lm F. i- a married man and lives in the county N'oble; Mary I'... wife of John F. kiddle, m Kosciusko county; William I., a farmer of this county, married Anna Mc- Mann: Martha J., now Mrs. Francis M. • »tt. wh<> lives in the town of Syracuse; the other two, twin-, died in infancy. In the foregoing brief review only jar- tial justice has been * rendered to one Kosciusko county'- oldest and most worthy citizens. To write in detail a full account of hi> long and useful life would require a much more elaborate article than the na- ture of the work admits or requires. Suffi- iit has been said, however, to form a reel conception of the man and his reer, a career affording many valuable is to the young of the rising generation. FRANCIS MARION OTT. Francis M. Ott, proprietor of the most sive lumber and planing-mill in north- ern Indiana, situated at Syracuse, Koscius- iunty, was horn in Elkhart county, this -t tte ber -•-'. 1858, ai 5 »n of Samuel and Rebecca 1 Van Asdal ) < >tt. who came from Ohio some years before their son, Francis M.. was born, and settled on a farm in Elkhart county, two and one-half north of S which lies but a -hort distance south of the boundary line letweea the two counties I > ->■ parents are now living in retirement in the village of Syt the father being seventy years old, 1 xty-eight, and among the most highly respected elderly persons r< r north or smith of the line. Francis M. ( >tt remained on the he COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 573 farm until twenty years of age, when he be- gan to buy standing timber, which lie hired sawed at local mills and afterward disposed of at a profit until he acquired funds suffi- cient i" purchase a mill for himself. He handled walnut and cherry chiefly, person- ally selecting the trees all through the sur- rounding country and at times sold the sawed cherry as high as ninety dollars per thousand feet, but the demand for cherry long since ceased to be of any importance in the lumber markets and the feeling ol it may lie considered a thing of the past un- less a change takes place in the popular taste or fancy for the lumber in the manu- facture of furniture, etc.. for which it is well adapted. Mr. ( )tt had accumulated considerable cash when he purchased his mill and paid for the greater part of it at once, but it required about seven years to pay off the indebtedness incurred for the balance and the many improvements introduced by him- self. It was about the year 1880 when Mr. Ott invested twenty-six hundred dollars in this property: it is now worth ten thousand dollars and over. Air. Ott also owns an entire section of land, on which he grows the timber for the mill, in the sawing and planing of which he employs at all times fifteen hands, and very often ten to fifteen extras, and thirteen mules are in constant use. The capacity of the mill is twelve thousand feet per day. Circular saws are used and are driven by steam from two thirty-five horse-power engines fed from one boiler, the capacity of the mill being double that which it had at the start. The machinery and implements are all of modem and up-to-date patterns. The business done i^ principally that of filling orders, car work being a specialty, and the woods used are chiefly red and white oak, but elm and maple are also employed and the business done amounts to about twenty-five thousand dol- lars per annum. Mr. ( )tt purchases stand- ing timber within a radius of about nine miles of the mill, often investing twenty- five hundred dollars in one purchase, and at present has six thousand dollars so in- vested. As a rule these purchases are made in order to fill contracts made in advance to supply dressed lumber. Mr. Ott is very public spirited and does a great deal toward enhancing the value of village lots by improving them with neat and comfortable cottages and other build- ings, thus making Syracuse a desirable resi- dence place. He has now fourteen such houses scattered throughout the village, and as he has lost no money through such in- vestments, he still continues to make them. That he is kind and generous, however, out- side of any scheme for making money for himself, is shown by the fact that in build- ing houses he furnishes employment to many mechanics, and it may further be stated that several of his mill hands have been in his employment for fourteen years consecutively, many others also having worked for him for long periods. The marriage of Mr. Ott took place about twenty years since to Miss Mattie Moore, and to this congenial union have been born four children, namely; Lina, Willie, Mary and Clifford, all of whom are still under the parental roof. Mr. and Mrs. Ott are members of the Church of God at Syracuse, and the children have been or are being reared in the same faith. In politics Mr. ( )tt is a Republican. Francis M. Ott has shown himself to 574 MPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY be one of the most enterprising business men of northern Indiana and a man of nat- urally sound judgment and shrewd percep- tion. He has risen through his strictly mural habits, his attention to business and hi- desire t" please his patrons by prompt- in filling orders and by always fur- nishing strictly sound and reliable material. and hi- name stands high to-day for integ- rity in all business circles with which he has come into relationship, His domestic and social connections are of the most pleas- ant character, and the fact that his sur- roundings are such a> to make life enjoy- able is due solel) to his individual merits, hi- affable and courteous treatment of others and hi> strict adherence to justice in all his deal i ■ RICHARD GUY. 'The gentleman whose name introduces this article is one of Kosciusko county's young, energetic and enterprising men. a na- tive born tndianian, having first seen the lighl of da) V.pril io, i860, on the farm in Turkey Creek township which he now owns ami cultivates. The parents from whom he is descended were Andrew and Rel (Stuard) Guy, natives of < >1 1 i< • and Indi- ana respectively, the former lw.rn in 1821 and the latter in the year [828. \ndrevv Guy came from Ohio to Kosciusko county. Indiana, and with his parents. Andrew and Eliza (Lockridge) Guy, when about < <>r twelve years old and spent the remainder of his life in this part of ti His parei • >f Virginia and settlers of Ohio and ma\ also tx with the pioneers of Kosciusko county. They had six children: Sarah. Wilson, Andrew, Samuel. William and Harvey. Andrew Guy, Jr., father of the subject, was a farmer and in many respect a most exemplary and praiseworthy citizen. I le- st ! high in the esteem of his neighbors and friends, was for many years a leading member of the German Baptist church and took an active interest in political affairs Republican, lie was twice married, his first wife, formerly a Mi~s Bowers, liv- ing after a brief wedded life, leaving one daughter, Emeline. By his second com- panion. Rebecca Stuard. he had the follow- ing children : Charity A., deceased. Janiza. Richard. George, deceased, and Anna. Richard Guy, the subject proper of this review, was reared on the farm, educated in the public schools, ami has always followed the pursuit of agriculture for a livelihood. After completing the common-school course he entered the high school at Syracuse, where he prosecuted the more advanced branches for some years thus acquiring a g 1 mental discipline which has enabled him to meet life's duties manfully and tran- iis business affairs with promptness and dispatch. Mr. Guy was married March 17. 1 889, to Miss [da Strieby, whose birth occurred in Turkey (reek township on the 9th day of NTovember, [867. .Mis Guy is the daugh- ter of John 1'.. and Delilah (Cable) I Strieby .Mid the oldest of a family of four children, the names of the other three being Floyd, Alphretta and John 1-'. The Striebys were among the early settlers of Kosciusko coun- ty, and always bore enviable reputations. Mis. Guy is a lad) ^i sound, practical sense and varied ii e, well qualified ' >uch a stirrii ; COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 575 band, and is popular with a large circle of the best people of her neighborhood. She has been her husband's active co-laborer and. besides presiding- with ease and becom- ing dignity over bis household, has contrib- uted not a little to his success by her wise counsel in matters of business and other af- fairs in which they are mutually interested. Since his marriage Mr. Guy has devoted his attention assiduously to farming and to-day has one of the best improved and most fertile, as well as one of the most valu- able, places of its area within the limits of Turkey Creek township. It contains one hundred and seventeen acres, one hundred of which were originally included in the paternal homestead and the extra seventeen came to him by his wife. The buildings are substantial and sufficiently spacious to meet all purposes for which intended, the dwell- ing being well constructed and amply fur- nished, the barn and other structures com- paring with the best buildings of their kind in the neighborhood. Mr. Guy brought to his lifework a phy- sique well developed by healthful outdoor labor and exercise and a mind of which self-reliance, strong will power and a proper respect for the rights of others are promi- nent characteristics. He cultivates the soil according to modern scientific methods, uses in his labors the best and most approved implements and devices and makes agri- culture an intellectual discipline as well as a series of physical efforts. Financially his success has been most gratifying, being the possessor of a competence which places him- self and family in a position of independence as far as any anxiety for the future is con- cerned. Mr. Guv has displayed a commendable public spirit in relation to the affairs of his township and county, standing for progress and improvement and ready to lend his in- fluence at all times to further enterprises calculated to advance the country along ma- terial lines and develop its resources. In all tilings he is an up-to-date man, believ- ing in getting all out of life there is in it. He has done much in the way of beautify- ing bis borne, as the well-kept lawns, tine gardens, neat shade trees and other access- ories of modern life abundantly demonsrate, g 1 taste as well as thrift being one of bis predominant characteristics. In politics Mr. Guy is a pronounced champion of Repub- lican principles, believing the policy of the partv relative to all great questions to be for the best interests of the American peo- ple. He has never aspired to leadership in bis party nor asked for honors or emolu- ments of office at the bands of his fellow citizens, being content to vote his sentiments and work with the rank and hie. Person- ally he is a popular man and the name of bis friends is legion. He has shown him- self worthy of this friendship, his integrity having never been assailed nor the correct- ness of his motives called in question. Mr. and Mrs. Guy's home is made bright by the presence of an interesting daughter of eleven summers. Miss Alda, who was l>orn on the 23rd day of July. [891. Mr. Guv has an obi parchment deed, bearing the date of March 15. 1837. and the sig- nature of Martin Van Buren. JOHN* STETTLHR. Deceased. With pleasure the biographer essays the task of noting the salient points in the ca- reer of this honorable and honored gentle- 576 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. man, a man who during his residence in this community merited and received the highest respect and esteem of hi- acquaint- ances. A man of honest motives, purest purpose and kindliest feeKngs toward all, he made and retained for himself a host of friends. John Stettler began his mercantile ca- reer in Syracuse in 1S74 in company with his wife's brother, Joe Kindig. The latter had been in business for some years prior to this time at the old store known as the Bee I live and afterward at the corner where William Strieby is now located. In 1878 Mr. Stettler became sole proprietor of the business, bul later Professor Dalons was in- terested with him for a few months. Mr. Strieby entered the store as a clerk and later Mr. Stettler sold him a half interest in the business. Mr. Stettler retained his interest in the business until his death, after which his widow disposed of it to Mr. Miller, of the firm of Strieby & Miller. The concern did a fine business, having been favored with a steady and healthy growth from the 1k.'- ginning. Joe Kindig, who retired from the partnership about [878, went to Goshen, where he conducted a drug st.. re. Later he removed to Milford and there died about twelve yrears ago. During his active career the subject gave th< I bis at- tention to the mercantile business, also in- vesting quite largely in farm land. How- ever his attention was not given exclusively t.. business and he kept in touch with the varied interests of the community at lai This was evidenced by his service in the state legislature, to which he was el the nominee of the Republican party in iSi| and 1896. In that body he served with distinction and achieved an enviable record for his broad and comprehensive grasp of all questions affecting the public welfare. He was very firm in his views and earnest in his advocacy of measures meet- ing with his approval. He had Keen reared a Democrat, but, with three of his brothers, always affiliated with the Republican party. 1 if the five brothers, three served in the Civil war. one. Ira. losing his life in the struggle. Mrs. Stettler. wife of the subject of this memoir, is a daughter of Samuel and Re- becca (Anstine) Kindig, early settlers in York county.. Pennsylvania. In 1857 the Kindig family came to Goshen, Indiana, and 1 the same year came to Syracuse, the father passing away about four years later. The Stettlers were affiliated with the English Lutheran church in later years. Mrs. St< ler and her mother being among the first members of the Lutheran society in Syra- cuse. The latter took an especial interest in her church. yi\ ins-i '" " regularly one- tenth of her income. She died June 28, [892, at the age of seventy-five years and 1 me week. Fraternally Mr. Stettler was affiliated with the Mas, , us. having joined that fra- rnity at Goshen, Indiana, ami for the long period of twenty years was worshipful mas- ter of Syracuse Lodge No. 454. E tr he was an attendant at the sessions ,,1 the grand lodge. An old s, .idier. he at- tended the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic held at 1 lumbus, Ohio, and kept in touch with his old comrades at the reunions of his p ment. He was an omnivorous reader and kept in touch with all the leading 1 of the dav . Tin- elegant brick house in which Mrs. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 577 Stettler now resides was erected thirteen years ago on the site of her mother's former home, to which she was brought when but eleven years old. Previous to her marriage to the subject she had wedded Martin Wey- bright, a German Baptist minister, and re- sided with him upon a large farm two and a half miles from Syracuse. She always maintains a clo.se interest in her church and assists in whatever way possible in its up- building and advancement. ANDREW EDMONDS. The following life story is worth the perusal of every youth, the history of this man's endeavors w : ell illustrating Benjamin Franklin's words, "God helps them that help themselves." Andrew Edmonds, one of the substantial citizens of Kosciusko county and one whose success is distinctly the result of his own efforts, was born in Sweden, July 2, 1848. He received a good education, attending not only the common schools but also the Skara high school, where he took a literary course. His studies in history aroused military and patriotic feelings within him, which let! him to read with great interest the accounts of the Civil war in the United States. With a strong desire for adventure and full of the hopes of youth, he determined to come to this country and left school for that purpose with one year of the course unfinished. This move was made with his parents' con- sent and their kindness and the confidence thev had in their son is shown by their giv- ing him five hundred dollars tor this, his first journey m the world. Accompanied by a classmate, he landed in New York, at the age of twenty. September 19, 1868. From New York he went to Paxton, Illi- nois, where he secured work at cutting broom corn. His previous life having been that of a student and he therefore being little used to manual labor, this work proved too hard for him and he set about to learn the cigarmaker's trade. In company with the classmate, who still remained with him, he soon bought a cigar store, but within three months this venture had failed be- cause his partner, who was salesman on the road, did not discriminate in customers and many accounts could not be collected. They left Paxton for Chicago, arriving there with only one dollar and a half between them; but the)- started out bravely and found a boarding house and when the landlord learned their straitened circumstances he agreed to keep them until thev could get \vi >rk. Three months later Andrew was employed with the Rock Island -Railroad Company in the construction of its road in Iowa, where he worked for a year. The first money he received was sent t< 1 pay the board bill due the kind-hearted landlord in Chicago, and thus early in his career did honesty, one of the principles which has led to his success, appear. With his knowledge of geometry and other branches of mathe- matics, the duties of civil engineer were soon familiar to him. making him a valuable as- sistant, working for various contractors, sometimes as foreman or as timekeeper, and in many states, including Kansas. Missouri, Iowa, Michigan, Illinois and Indiana. This wandering life brought him many hard ex- periences, but as the bitter must always be mixed with the sweet, so he found main- pleasures with change of scene and new ac- quaintances. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. In 1874, having saved money enough to take him to his old home in Sweden, he a year in visiting the scenes and friends of his youth. He found his nates prosperous and holding respon- sible positions, and 1 1 1 i — ■ determined him to return to America to make a better showing i'<>r hi- own life endeavors, lie had to Kosciusko county with the buildii the Baltimore <.V 1 Hiio Railroad in 1873, and had charge of some of the work between the villages of Syracuse and Cromwell, In- diana. Upon returning from Sweden, in [875, he again came to this vicinity and. though having hut thirty dollars in money he invested it in a field of wheat. Tin failed and he realized from it hut fifteen dol- lars, hall of hi- investment, hi- first venture thus proving a failure. He was not the kind of a man to he discouraged by the fail- ure of a rop of wheat, his energy leading him to take jobs of ditching and clearing land. Making some progress, he 1.. get "in railroad ties and lumber some four mile- ea-t of Syracuse, a busi- ivhich proved profitable and at which ntinued until the timber was exhausted. Having saved some money, he invested in land which he partially cleared and im- proved by the erection of buildings, ami which he then sold. This process was re- peated until he had cleared about three hun- dred acre-. He now owns the third farm thus developed, which contain- eighty With the determination to win and the opportunity for endeavor, success crowned hi- efforts. He took advantage of the con- dition of the country, which, being low and marshy, had to I*.- drained before it v. for cultivation, and laid extensive timber ditches, thus enhancing the value of the farm- is In- 1 r» 11. As a farmer he ha- been eminently successful. Hi- farm, lying three and one-half miles ea-t of Syracuse, i- a first-class one. with good huiI nd it- cultivation has yield- ed him a handsome return. He has taken commendable pride in the breeding of tine stock, for which he ha- always found ample demand and ready -ale. He ha- fed cattle. Derations in this line having required the control of several hundred acre- at a time, which he has done by renting land near his own. Among the element- contrib- uting to hi- success were hi- ability for hard work and the foresight to intelligently con- duct hi- business. Hi- perseverance i- one of the line trait- of his character: if one venture failed, without loss of courage he tried another. He ha- proven that man is not ruled by the circumstances of his life if he wills to l>e master of them. On the 25th of December, 1879, ^' r - Edmonds was married to Angeline Suavely. daughter of Samuel and Rebecca Suavely, of Turkey Creek township. After \e attention to the detail- of the farm, on account of the failure of Mrs. Edmond's health, the) moved to their plea-ant village in Syracuse, where they are enjoying a quiet life and the well-earned fruit- of their labor. Hut one child lived to maturity. Myron H.. who i- now a young man of twenty. He was educated in the schools of Syracuse and i- now employed in the cement work-. In 1870, in Butler county, Kansas, when that country wa- being settled, Mr. Ed- monds, in company with three other young men. took a homestead with the intention of receiving naturalization paper-, hut the crops failed ami he gave up hi- interest COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 579 Later, in Warsaw, lie applied for and re- ceived the papers which made him a citizen of the United States. When a student in the schools of Sweden his admiration for Lincoln led him to accept the principles of that administration and as a citizen of the United States he naturally affiliated with the political party representing those prin- ciples. He has never sought public office, but has been busy with the duties of a private citizen. He is the present chancellor commander of Kosciusko Lodge No. 230. K. P., in Syracuse, which lodge is in a thrifty condition, having fifty active mem- bers. He also belongs to the Masonic fra- ternitv, holding membership in Lodge No. 454 and the chapter at Syracuse. Mrs. Edmonds is a member of the Evan- gelical Association, he being in sympathy with the organization and rendering finan- cial and mi iraJ support. A summary of this man's life bespeaks for him these words of praise: He is a fine example of the honest, educated and pro- gressive foreigner, whose wide experience in travel and the ways of men have brought him in close touch with American ideas, making him a genial companion and an al- together popular citizen. NATHANIEL CROW. Among the few gray-haired pioneers of' Kosciusko county who are left to weave the thread of personal incident with the fabric of historic fact, whose lives have been in- separably connected with the rise and growth of the country from the time the country was a wilderness to the present time of wonderful achievement in all av- enues 1 if civilization and enlightenment, the name of the venerable gentleman whose name appears above is conspicuous. Na- thaniel Crow is to-day one of the oldest citizens of the count v in point of continuous residence. Originally the Crows came from Ireland and settled in Virginia, the head of the family in this county being Thomas Crow. the subject's grandfather, who was a native of the Emerald Isle. The date of his ar- rival is not known, but from most reliable information at hand it appears to have been some years prior to the war of the Revolu- tion. Among the descendants of Thomas Crow was a son by the name of Joseph, whose birth occurred in Virginia and who in a very early day accompanied his parents to Ohio, where he subsequently married Martha Hull. Shortly after marriage he settled in the county of Champaign, Ohio, and there followed agricultural pursuits un- til his death, which took place a number of years ago. Some years after his decease his widow l^ecame the wife of Joseph Long- fellow, she and her second husband both living to be quite old. By Mr. Crow she had children as follows: Ezekiel H.. Su- sanna, James, Thomas D. and Nathaniel. The second marriage resulted in the birth of six descendants. William. Lemuel Y., Nathan M.. David S.. Silas N. and Amos M. Nathaniel Crow, of this review, was born in Champaign county. Ohio, on the 13th day of October. 1823. His childhood and youth to the age of sixteen were spent on his father'^ homestead and as opportu- nit\ afforded he attended a few months of the winter seasons the subscription schools of his native county, acquiring a fair know]- 580 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. edge of the fundamental branches, spelling, reading, arithmetic and writing. About the year 1839 he left home and went to Madi- son county, < >hi". where he worked as a farm hand the greater part of the six years following, when he left hi* native state and came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, arriv- ing here sometime in [845. Desiring to procure a piece of land and not having money sufficient t" purchase, Mr. Crow made a proposition t" exchange hi- horse, saddle and bridle for the eighty acre- he wished to | The trade was finally consummated l>y the subject paying twenty dollars additional and he thus came in pos- ision of one of the finest tracts of land of it- size in the township of Van P.uren. Mr. Crow did not settle on this land nor im- prove it. but held it for some year- and then sold it for a good price, investing the pro- ceeds in the farm in section -'4. Turkey ek township, on which he ha- lived ever since. On the 14th day of October, 1852, he entered into the marriage relation in Elkhart county with Miss Eliza Airg 1. who was born in Germany, September 13, [832, and came v > the United State- with her parents, Frederick and Maria Airgood, when a -mall child. Mr Cro« immediately after marriage in. >k hi- bride t" the farm where he now live- am! together they began life's struggle under circumstances by no mean- the n encouraging. Hi- land was unimproved and required an immense amount of hard labor to prepare it for cultivation, and for some years obstacles numerous and at times quite formidable beset hi- pathwaj I -tant and well-directed labor finally : vailed and in the course "t" several years the f the place was cleared and in cultivation, better buildings took the of the firmer log structures and the original eighty-acre tract wa- gradually in- creased in area until it included several ad- ditional pieces of land contiguous thereto. Mr. (.Vow wa- a ^.»d manager and by carefully laying his plans, became in time f the largest real estate owner- in his township. He watched for favorable op- portunities to make investments and seldom allowed one to go by unimproved if he was in any way prepared to take advantage of it. By judiciously managing hi- farm lie came to realize quite a lilieral income, which exchanged for real estate whene neighbor wished to disjxwe of his land. He continued to add to hi- possessions a- the years went by until his estate was incr< to it- present area of five hundred and fifty of tine fertile land, every foot of which was purchased with money earned by him- self. Few men circumstanced a- wa- Mr. (row when lie came to Kosciusko county have overcome the obstacles in their path- way, risen superior to unfavorable environ- ment ami accumulated a fortune as he has done. Hi- business abilities have certainly been of a superior order and hi- judgment and forethought of that high type which grasp a situation easily and seldom if ever are at fault. In the work and management <•;' hi- farm he has been industrious and Systematic and in all of hi- dealings. straightforward and the soul of honor. It must not he inferred from the foregoing reference to hi- success in material things \ ha- been indifferent I fairs pertaining to the public good of his town-hip and county, for such is far from the cas< From the beginning of bis COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 581 reer in this county his voice and influence have ever been used to advance the material interests of the country and develop its re- sources and. as stated in the initial para- graph of this sketch, his name has been in- separably identified with the rise and prog- ress of his community tor a period of over a half century. Mr. Crow's nature has heen a persever- ing and indomitable one and he has sturdily held to his course in spite of lets and hin- drances. Obstacles he has encountered and some of his best achievements have been wrested from conditions insuring- almost certain defeat to one less courageous and resolute. Ability to successfully meet all emergencies has been <>ne of his chief char- acteristics and now from the topmost round it; the ladder of success be can look back over a well-spent life and see in the various objects calculated to hinder and impede his progress the real tests of growth and man- hood. Such a record as he has made, both as a pr'i (gressive farmer and enterprising, wide-awake citizen, stands to his perpetual honor and will continue to do so long after the last of the brave army of pioneers has answered the final roll call and joined the ranks of the larger and grander army of honorable men and true who have fought life's battles, won victories and passed to their reward. Eight children have been born to Na- thaniel and Eliza Crow, of whom but two are living: Xellie. who married (leorge Dull and resides in the old homestead, and Mattie M., who is still with her parents; the following are the names of those de- ceased: George \\ '.. Sarah J.. Benjamin I!.. Lucy A.. Charles S. and Nathaniel L. DAVIS TEEPLE. If one desires to gain a vivid realization of the rapid advance in the civilization which the last few decades have brought, he can listen to the stories that men who are still living among us and by no means over- burdened with the weight of years can tell of their early experiences when the country was new and social conditions in this part of the Hoosier state were in their formative period. The little town of Milford is now the abiding place of a number of old set- tlers who. having spent the vigor and strength of their manhood in carving from the wilderness homes for themselves and their posterity, are now in the evening of life, when the shadows are growing dim and the past gradually receding from view, spending their declining years in rest and quiet, surrounded by neighbors and friends who honor and revere them for the good work they did in laying broad and deq) the foundation upon which the community's prosperity has been builded. Conspicuous among these silver-haired veterans of a period long past is the venerable and highly respected citizen, now living a life of hon- orable retirement, to a brief review of whi >-e career the following lines are devoted. Davis Teeple is a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, where his birth oc- curred on the 6th day of April, 1831. His parents, Peter and Peggy 1 Fleming 1 Teeple. also natives of the above county and state, were among the early settlers of Stark counts. I >hio, moving there when the subject was a small child. In the year [838 they came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, and purchased a tract of gfovernment land 5*- COMl'EXPICM OF BIOGRAPHY. in Jefferson township, from which in due time a farm was developed; upon which they spent the remaining years of their Ii l»>th dying after reaching a ripe old age. Davis and Peggj Teeple had eleven chil- dren, whose names are a- follows: Belia S.. John, Joseph, Isaac, Rebecca, David, ah. Catherine, Benton, Martha ami Me- lissa. i- Teeple, the direct subject of this review, was reared on a farm ami from early boyhood followed agriculture for a livelihood. In a little log cabin, spars< furnished with backless benches ami a rough ln.aril around the wall for a desk, he ob- tained a meager knowledge of the funda- mental branches, hi- education such as it \\a^ being acquired under many adverse cir- cumstances. Methods <>f instruction at that time were of the most primitive character. teachers being required to impart to the pu- pils under their charge but a smattering of the three fundamentals, "readin", ritin' and 'rithmetic." Young Teeple availed himself of such opportunities as presented them- selves, hut did not lony attend school, his services as soon as he was old and strong enough being required on the farm. Mr. Teeple was seven years old when his parents moved to the new home in the new and sparsely settled township of Jef- ferson and from that time to the present, a period of sixty-four \ears. he has been an honored and respected citizen of Kosciusko county, actively interested in the growth and development of the county and in every re- t an enterprising and bus) man of af- fairs, lie assisted his father until attain- ing his majority and at intervals for several years thereafter contributed to the family's support b) working at home and by turn- ing over his earnings to the common fund when laboring elsewhere. < >n the 22nd day Ictober, 1857, he was joined in the lends of wedlock with Miss Martha Hughes, a native of this count) ami daugh- ter of Thomas ami Pegg) Hughes, who among the early pioneers of this part of the state. Shortly after his marriage he moved to a farm in the township of Jef- ferson, which he had purchased in 1854, the land at that time being an unbroken forest. from which hardly a stick of timber had been removed. Blessed with good health and rug physique, he set manfully to work t. his place and in due time his labors were rewarded, the forest growth gradually dis- appearing before his strons; strokes, and within a few years the wilderness gave place to a verv garden of plenty. Here Mr. I ceple spent the best and. in mam respects, the happiest years of his life. He devel- oped one of the finest and most valuable firms in the community and as a tiller of ■il achieved a reputation such as few attain. Industrious and economical, he prospered when many failed and as the years went by found himself the possessor of a competence which placed him • in independ- ent circumstances. He continued to pi cute his labors wuh liberal financial results until [890, iii which year he turned h ricultural interests over to other hands and look up his resilience in the beautiful little town of Mil ford, where he has since lived a life of retirement. In common with the major part of poor humanity. Mr Teeple' S pathway h.. times led through sorrows and the deep waters of bereavement. On the 13th of June. [887, his faithful wife, who had COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 533 shared with him the vicissitudes and hard- ships <>f life and later rejoiced with him in the success which crowned their mutual labors, was called to the other world. Sub- sequently, May (), 1890. he chose for a com- panion Susan Bortz, who was horn in Mar- shall county, Indiana, July 24, 1842. the daughter of Michael and Catherine (Clark) Bortz. These parents were early settlers of Marshall ci lunty and lived there a num- ber of years, later moving to the county of Kosciusko, where the father died Septem- ber 15, 1880, at the age of eighty-seven, and the mother, February 7, 1892, when eighty-five years old. They had a family of eleven children, viz. : Benjamin, Harriet, Marvann. Levi. Daniel, Susan, John. Han- nah, James, Sarah and one that died be- fore receiving a name. Neither of Mr. Teeple's marriages resulted in offspring. Xot being blessed with children of his own, he has always been mindful of the children of others and in many ways has demonstrat- ed bis interest by kindly acts of benevolence and charity to worthy families in needy cir- cumstances. He has been liberal in the ex- penditure of his means to promote all worthy objects and by actions as well as by words has done much to advance the ma- terial and moral interests of the town of which he is an honored and enterprising resident. With prudent forethought, he ac- cumulated a liberal share of this world's wealth, owning at the present time a finely improved farm of 011c hundred and thirty- six acres in this county, a number of lots m Milford, besides a valuable personal property and ,1 handsome bank account. Mrs. reeple has a farm in Van Buren town- ship and a third interest in her father's es- tate, which is large and valuable. In poli- tics Air. Teeple has always been an un- swerving Democrat. I hose who know Mr. Teeple best know him to be a man of good common sen>e. keen of judgment, spotless integrity, possessing strong attachments for friends and bearing the truest and deepest affection toward those who have claims upon his friendship. In all he has been a just man and his deeds are the best line by which to measure his life; in the end his works and wholesome influences will make his enduring monu- ment. MOSES F. LENTZ. Moses F. Lentz, whose life is given in the following sketch, and his partner. M. I". Wright, are the proprietors of the Mil- ford Planing Company. This business was established in 1899 with about ten thou- sand dollars invested. The plant is sup- plied with machinerv for making all kinds of building material and furnishings for offices, business houses and churches, includ- ing altars and seating for churches and pub- lic buildings. They also manufacture onion crates, this branch of the business alone requiring from eighty thousand to one hun- dred thousand feet of timber of each year. These bushel crates are used in handling and shipping the large onion crop grown in this section. From three to twelve men are employed in the plant and the value of the annual output amounts to about fifteen thou- sand dolars. The entire business is under the direct management of Mr. Lentz. who is 1 >ue 1 if the thi >n Highly reliable men of Mil- ford and who enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens. 584 IPENDIUM OF BIOGRAI'llY. Mr. Lentz was born in Elkhart county, seven miles northeast of Milford, Novem- i8, i86o. His lather. Cyrus Lentz, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, coming to Indiana at the age of eighteen, and was soon married to Mary Whitehead, of Elk- hart county. He became an extensive land owner, improving the farm where hi- son was born, and later owned other land and was living on his third farm, four and a half miles southeast of Milford at the time of his death. September -.7. 1900, being but sixty-six year- old. lie had lived in tint) twenty-five years and was well known over the north part of the coun- ty a- a business man. Moses remained with his parents until he was past twenty-'ine. At that a% married Mi-- Anna M. Ward and charge of the farm, his parent- moving t" Milford. Six years after their marriage his wife died and hi- parents returned t" the farm, remaining with him until hi- second marriage, to Mi-- Emma l>ul>l>-. daughter of John Dubbs of the vicinity. At the end n years on the farm he came to Mil- ford, where he worked with the butter and •npanv a- an expert butter maker, remaining with them until the factory lie and A. J. Young had taken a mortgage "ii the plant for a loan of money and when the company failed Mr. Lentz ic><>k the buildings to secure himself. With Mr. Young a- a partner, he continued to make butter for several year-, but not find- ing it particularly profitable they sold the machinery and replaced it with the planing- mill outfit. Mr. Young remained a partner for a year and wa- then succeeded by M. B [ones, who held his interest for three years and then -old to M. I'. Wright. Since that time Mr. Lent/: has been in personal Ije of the plant. The mill is doing an extensive business, due to the enterpris Mr. Lentz and his partner. In the fall of n>oo Mr. Lentz was elect- ed town-hip trustee on the Democratic ticket in a township with a close Democratic majority, hut hi- popularity carried him twenty votes ahead of the ticket. Heis act- ive in political affair-, take- a prominent part in conventions and i- a member of the party who may always he depended upon. lie has attended to the township's int< with commendable care: two-thirds of the roads are graveled and the township schools are in good condition. The town-hip pays \th of the school expenses at Milford, making its advantages free to :i ll the pupi's of the township. I '.'th Mr. and Mr-. Lent/ are members of the Progressive Brethren church, hi ne of the local trustees. They have three children. Mar) I'., aged -even. Paul- ine, aged three, and Llden J., the VOUI Mr. Lent/ is connected with Milford Camp No. 6373, Modern Woodmen of America, and with Tent No. 71. Knights of the Maccabees. At the death of hi- old partner. A. I. Young, who was also a mem- ber of the Maccabees, he wa- made admin- istrator of the e-tate. lie ha- been a man of many business care-, and ha- di-ch them all with faithfulness, establishing a firm reputation for integrity. • >RGE R. ' IGDEN. The "Purity" brand of flour i- one of ivorite products of northern Indiana and is maufactured b) R ' Igden at COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 585 Milford, Kosciusko county, where its repu- tation has been steadily maintained for the past fourteen years as being one of the mi «1 superior and uniform in quality of any flours placed on the markets of that section of the county, or perhaps of any other section. George R. Ogden was born in Otjsco, Ionia county, Michigan, October 18, 185S, and in 1859 was taken by his parents to Homer, Calhoun county, in the same state. George R. worked in the Homer Flouring Mills until nineteen years old and became a thorough miller. He then worked as a journeyman in Kalamazoo one year, and at Marshall. Michigan, eight years as head miller, and was then placed in charge of Ward & Smis' mills at Battle Creek, Mich- igan, for some time and then came to Mil- ford, in company with a Mr. Servoss, who died soon afterwards. In the fall of 1888 Mr. Ogden, in com- pany with James M. Secross, erected the present mill at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars. This is a seventy-five-barrel roller mill and is constructed on the Nordyke-Mar- men system. An elevator, constructed by William Faulkner, has been added and do- nated to the firm. In 1X90 James M. Se- cross retired from the firm and P. F. Miles assumed his interest in the firm, under the name of Odgen & Whetten Company, car- ried on the business for three years. Then \\. L. .Miles became a partner and the busi- ness was carried on three years longer, when Mr. Ogden became the sole operator, al- though Mr. Miles owns one-half interest in the real estate. Mr. Ogden employs three hands, the elevator has a capacity of eight thousand bushels, and eighty to one hundred thousand bushels are handled annually. The mill is a custom or local mill ami does an ex- change and feed-grinding business outside of the manufacture of its famous "Purity - ' flour. Mr. Ogden was reared a Republican, hut the tariff agitation of 1880 resulted in his casting his first presidential vote for General VVinfield Scott Plancock. the Democratic nominee for the chief magistracy of the United States, and he has since been loyal to this party. In 1890 he took an active part 111 various committees, was later elected dele- gate to sundry conventions, and was finally elected chairman of the Democratic county central committee in 1900 and still fills that very onerous and exalted position. A radical change has taken place in Kosciusko county politics since 1890. Mr. Ogden was. nomi- nated, for instance, for county commissioner in 1894. hut the Republican majority was still too large; hut now. of the seventeen township trustees in the county, nine are Democrats, although the usual Republican majority throughout the county hail been about one thousand. Mr. Ogden was married August 31, 1881, to Miss Nora R. Bennett, of Homer, Michigan, and a family of five children is the result, viz: Arba J.. George B., Bruce, Bertha L. and Russell, all of whom are at home with their parents, the eldest son being an assistant of his father in the mill. Fraternally Mr. Ogden is connected with the Masonic order, belonging to Lodge X". 41S, in which he has filled all the chairs and represented it in the grand lodge, and to Chapter No. 160, < )rder of the Pastern Star. In the Independent Order of ()<\i\ Fellows he belongs to Lodge No. 478 at Milford, In- diana, in which also he has passed all the chairs and represented it in the grand lodge: to Encampment No. 242; Canton No. 4, at 586 COM PES IU CM OF BIOGRAPHY. Manhall, Michigan, and to Lodge No. 460, Rebekahs, at Milford. He is also a member of Lodge No. 451, I'.. P. 0. E, at Ligonier, and Tent No. 170, K. ( ). T. M., at Milford. Mrs. Ogden is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star, in which she is now hold- ing the office of worthy matron. Mr. ( Igden is regarded as one of the en- terprising citizens of Milford who has done much to advance the prosperity of the vil- lage and who has been active, ever since he settled here, in doing his part, financially and otherwise, toward bettering the condi- tion of public works and conveniences such as conduce to or are necessary for the com- fort and health of the community. He is recognized as a gentleman of strict integrity and business honor, and his social standing and that of his wife and family is with the best people of .Milford and the surrounding territi >n . WILLIAM C. DAVISSON. The gentleman whose name appears above is a retired farmer living in Milford, one of the worthy old citizens of Kosciusko county. The mantle of a well-spent life hangs comfortably about him and as the evening of his earthly pilgrimage is passing calmy away the hallowed recollections and tender memories of other days, when he was w< »nt to mingle in the busy affairs , ,f life and 'lis part amid the ceaseless activities of nn ami business, come hack to him in his hours m|' quiet to cheer and make bright emainder of the pathway leading on- ward to the twilight and the journey's end. Mr. Davisson was horn in Preble county. Ohio, December i-\ [833, the sou of Ab- salom and Balinda v Adams) Davisson. the father a native of Virginia and the mother of New Jersey. The father and mother, with their respective parents were anions; the pioneers of Ohio and their marriage took place a number of years ago in Preble coun- ty. The mother died there in 1X4(1 and later Absalom Davisson chose for Ins com- panion Huldah Benson, whose people were also early settlers of the county of Preble. By occupation Mr. Davisson was a farmer and followed his chosen calling until his death, which occurred in the year [873. By his first wife lie was the father of chil- dren as follows: Josiah. John, William (.".. Eliza ].. George, Mary. Allen. Samuel. Levi and one that died in infancy, llis second marriage resulted in the birth of two chil- dren. Balinda and Johial. The childhood and youthful years of William C. Davisson were spent on the old homes'ead in Preble county and his early ed- ucational training was limited to a few months' attendance each winter upon the in- different subscription schools which were prevalent throughout the Buckeye state fifty and sixtv years ago. By far the greater part of his instruction was ,,f an intensely prac- tical nature, received from active contract with the rude implements of husbandry in general use when he was a lad. Later, by • iciating with his fellow men in various business transactions he laid by a store oi valuable knowledge which has enabled him to discharge successfully the duties ,,f a very active hfe. Mr. Davisson remained with his parents until attaining his majority and tl started into the world for himself as an agri- culturist a vocation which he carried on with enterprise and success until advancing years and sufficiency of worldly wealth rendered future active labor unnecessary. 6tsin4-J^m f 6^l COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 587 On the 22nd of March. 1857, Mr. Davis- son was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Wehrley, of Preble county, daughter of John J. and Margaret Wehrley. both parents natives of Virginia and among the pioneers of Ohio. They moved in 1865 to Koscius- ko county, Indiana, and here the rest of their lives were spent, both dying at ripe old ages. Their children's names were as follows : Sarah, Eli, Nelson. William Wesley and John, of whom the last named and William are deceased. In 1862 Mr. Davisson moved to Darke county, Ohio, where he purchased land and followed agriculture until 1865, at which time he sold his farm and, coming to Kos- ciusko county, Indiana, bought a place in the township of Van Buren, moving to the same in the spring of the following year. On this farm he lived and prospered until the spring of 1885. when he discontinued agri- culture temporarily and took up his resi- dence in Milford, which place he made his home about one year. Returning to the farm at the expiration of that time he re- sumed his chosen calling and continued the same with most encouraging results until 1889, when, finding himself the possessor of a comfortable fortune, he wisely concluded to rent his land and spend the remainder of his days in honorable retirement. Mr. Davisson arranged his affairs satisfactorily and, moving to Milford, has since spent his time practically retired from active life, though still looking after his large agricult- ural and other interests and in many ways keeping in touch with the business world. He has been remarkably fortunate in a finan- cial sense and has long been counted one of the large land owners of his township, as well as one of the most successful agricultur- 36 ists of Kosciusko county. At the present time his real estate interests are represented by three hundred and twenty acres of fine farm lands, containing many valuable im- provements, also a beautiful home and num- ber of lots in Milford, all of which came with his possession as a result of his indus- trial and superior management. While act- ively prosecuting his agricultural interests there were few men the equal of Mr. Davis- son as a' farmer and none his superior. De- voting himself assiduously to his vocation, he rarely failed to reap abundant harvests,, while his various other business enterprises were uniformly successful. His sound judg- ment, wise forethought, quiet manner, and unexcitable temperament, w r hich left the mind unbiased and free to act, were largely the secret of his success and made him known and felt in the busy affairs of life. In ever\' relation with his fellow man he is a model of kindness and generosity. His home has always been open to his many friends and the stranger never failed to share his entertainment when such was requested. His name has been identified almost with- out exception with every undertaking cal- culated to foster the growth and develop the resources of his township and county and improve the condition of the citizens in pub- lic improvements of which all classes alike reap the benefit and in the promotion of in- dustries which furnish employment to many and thus stimulate the energies of the peo- ple. In his business matters he is sagaciou-. prompt, diligent and thorough and not a shadow of wrong or suspicion of evil has ever rested upon him. Socially he is a genial and intelligent companion, in his domestic relations a model husband and father, his home life affording rare pleasure to those 58S COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY who have enjoyed its comfortable and cheer- ful atmosphere. Mr. Davisson has been a Republican since the organization of the party and believes its principles, although not entirely free from fault, to be on the whole better than those of any other polit- ical party in this i ir any i ither ci nmtry. Tak- ing an active interest in the party's success, he is by no means a politician, preferring the quiet life of private citizenship to the an- noyances and distraction which necessarily come to the professional partisan or office seeker. Mr. and .Mrs. Davisson have had five children born to them, viz: Anderson L., deceased; John F., a farmer of this count} : Margaret J., wife of Wesley Webster; Will- iam ().. also an agriculturist of Kosciusko county, and Charles M.. a resident of Mil- ford. In the foregoing lines have been brief!} -et forth the salient facts and some of the leading characteristics in the life of on< Kosciusko county's must enterprising and highly respected citizens. Commencing with a limited capital, but with an inborn deter- mination to succeed and paving the way to prosperity only with the solid rocks ol hon- est industry, true stability of character and correct conduct, he has achieved success in the face of every obstacle and won a name which when transmitted to posterity will ever shine with a radiance emanating from a life of honor and integrity. SYLVESTER HALL. In this sketch is given a brief synopsis of the life of one who holds precedence as one of the oldest living settlers of Koscius- ko county. So far as active and consecutive effort is concerned, he has been closely iden- tified with this part of the commonwealth since the early pioneer days, when were es- sayed the initial efforts looking to a reclam- on of the country from its sylvan wilds. His long resilience in the county and the conspicuous part he has taken in all work and important movements for the advance- ment of the general good and the develop- ment oi" the country's resources have gained him a personal acquaintanceship that makes his name a familiar one in every household in the community. His active conne with the history and growth of Kosciusko transcends the limits of sixty years and within this time he has been not only an eye witness of the many remarkable changes that have taken place, but an active partici- pant in the same, nobly bearing his part in winning for the county a proud position among the most enterprising and enlight- ened sections of the Hoosier state. Sylvester Hall is the son of Isaac and Prudence ( llui'i i Hall, the father a native of ( 'bio and the mother born in York state. These parents were married in Knox coun- ty, ( >hio, about the year 1833 moved to the count) of Seneca, where they resided till [837, in June 1 if \\ hich year they li taded their household effects and a few agricultural im- plements ''ii a wagon and started for north- ern Indiana, their objective point being Kos- ciusko county. After a trip of over a month's duration, attended with many diffi- culties and hardships, they finally reached their destination and located temporarily with a family by the name u\ Tusong, liv- ing about three miles south of Warsaw. For some weeks thereafter Isaac Hall trav- eled over the county quite extensively in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 589 search of a favorable location, and rinding the land in Jefferson township coming near- est his ideal concluded to purchase a farm there and make that section his home. In due time he invested in a tract of one hun- dred and sixty acres and as soon as he could conveniently do so moved his family to the same and at once began improving the land, in which he was assisted by his older sons. He cleared and developed a good farm and lived upon the same a number of years, later purchasing a place in the township of Van Buren to which he changed his residence. Here, a'bout [864, the wife died and a few- years later Air. Hall chose for a companion a Mrs. Baker, of Milford, moving sometime thereafter to Marshall county where he spent the remainder of his life, dying there in the year 1869. Isaac Hall was the father of the follow- ing children : John, deceased; Sylvester, whose name introduces this review ; Lor- enzo; Charles M., deceased; Richard H., a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, killed at the battle of Chickamauga; Sarah, deceased; George, deceased ; Eliza, deceased ; Eliza- beth, widow of the late Cyrus Fuller; Isaac B. and Isaac H, the last two dead, and one that died in infancy. Sylvester Hall was born October 2, 1825, in Knox county, Ohio, and accom- panied his parents to Indiana when twelve years of age. From that time until reach- ing the years of manhood he bore his part in clearing and fitting the farm for cultivation and early learned by practical experience the true meaning of honest toil. Reared amid the stirring scenes of the pioneer period, he had little time for acquiring an education, his training in that direction being confined to a couple of months attendance of winter seasons upon such inferior subscription schools as the country at that time afforded. He remained with his father until twenty years of age and then took up carpentery, in which he soon acquired great proficiency and for a period of sixteen years thereafter worked at the trade in various parts of the country, husbanding his earnings with the most scrupulous care, with the object in view of ultimately purchasing a farm and engaging in agricultural pursuits. In 1858 Mr. Hall bought one hundred and sixty acres of woodland in section 9, Jefferson township, but did not immediately move to the same, continuing at his trade until about the year 1862 when he began his first efforts towards making a home. At that time his place was thickly covered with tall forests and dense undergrowth and the outlook was anything but encouraging. Strong arms, backed by a strong and deter- mined will, in due season overcame the diffi- culty and within a few years Mr. Hall found himself the possessor of a good farm, which, gradually increasing in value, with the en- largement of its tillable acreage, in time be- came one of the best and most desirable places in the township of Jefferson. To his original purchase he afterwards added forty acres adjoining and at the present time the two hundred acres in one body is one of the best cultivated and most highly improved places of the same area in the count}'. Mr. Hall has been twice married, the first time, April 1, 1847, to ^ iss Mariah Swihart, who was born in Ohio about the year 1823. She came to Kosciusko county with her mother and grandmother in 1836, her father basing died in Ohio some years prior to that time. Mrs. Hall bore her hus- band five children and departed this life in 590 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. the year 1855. The name- of the children are as follows: Milton, deceased, Simon, Sarah. Emrneline, deceased, and Isaac. On the 2nd day of February, 1857. Mr. Hall married his present companion, Harriet Landis, a union blessed with the birth of six children: Elizabeth, Lucy, Emanuel, Rich- ard. Caroline and Lorenzo, all living at this time. As a farmer Mr. Hall early took high rank and sustained the reputation of an en- terprising and successful man until advanc- ing age admonished him to retire from act- ive labor. From the time when he knew full well what it was to have a home far removed from other settlers, in the midst of a dense forest, through which wolves prowled and deer roamed, to the date of his retirement. his life was characterized by industry ami consecutive toil, and his energies, directed and controlled by correct judgment, grad- ually materialized into the comfortable for- tune which he today enjoys, lie continued actively engaged in the management of his agricultural and other business interests un- til 1895, when, finding himself in possession of more than a sufficiency of this world's goods to render the remainder of his life free from care or anxiety, he rented his place and since then has been enjoying the restful quiet which only such as he know fully how to appreciate, lie now has beautiful and comfortable home situated on two acres of ground in the village of Mil- ford, where, surrounded by all that is cal- culated to make existence agreeable and happy, he is passing the evening of life ,u peace with the world and his Maker, receiv- ing dav by day the congratulations and well wishes of his many friends, all of whom de- sire that he may he Spared many years to bless the world with his presence. In such lives a- that of Mr. Hall there are no start- ling incidents nor any eccentricities of char- acter. In a quiet manner he has pursued the even tenor of his way. content to cultivate his acres and reap therefrom golden rewards for labors bestowed, taking little part in the active, bustling affairs of the busy world. Recognizing the fact that every citizen is under certain obligations tip society and the state, he has kept in touch with public affairs to the extent of exercising the elective fran- chise and using his influence to promote ail movements and enterprises having for their end the advancement of the community along social and moral lines. He is a man who strongly attracts the best elements in the community and when he makes friends they are for a life time. Mr. Hall is a zeal- ous Christian and. with his good wife, be- longs to the German Baptist church. His long and useful life has been fruitful in g< k id works and his name will long be remem- bered as one of Kosciusko's most exemplary characters and popular citizens. CURTIS C. FARBER. By reason of the official position which he has held for a number of years, as well as on account of an unblemished record as .me of the brave boy- in blue who responded to their country's call in the dark and troublesome days of the Rebellion, the sub- ject of this -ketch has become well known. \- an official he has earned more than a local reputation, and as a soldier, who be- came the target for the missiles of treason on many bloody battle fields, his career was COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 59i such as to place his name high on the roster of the country's gallant and patriotic de- fenders of the national Union. The Farbers were among the early set- tlers of Ohio, from which state came many of Indiana's most enterprising and substan- tial pioneers and citizens. Lewis Farber, father of Curtis C, came with his parents to Jay county, Indiana, when twelve years old and was reared to maturity on a farm. He was the first mail carrier from the vil- lage of College Corners, Jay county, where his father was postmaster, and shortly after his marriage, which was solemnized with Miss Martha Clark, he entered the ministry of the United Brethren church, to which holy calling the residue of his life was de- voted. Lewis and Martha Farber were the parents of twelve children, Mary A., Benja- min, Margaret, Curtis C, William, Caro- line, Nancy, Ellen, David, Augustus, Mark- wood and George W. Curtis C. Farber was born in Jay coun- ty, Indiana, September 18, 1846, and spent !iis childhood and youth at the various places where his father was stationed while an itinerant preacher. The common schools afforded him the means of a fair English education and his early life was spent pretty much like that of the majority of village and country lads, alternating between labor and attendance at school. He remained with his parents until about seventeen years old, meanwhile looking after their interests and contributing with the older brother and sis- ters to the maintenance of the family. At the breaking out of the great Civil war, when a wave of patriotic enthusiasm spread throughout the Xorth. calling upon the brave and sturdy yeomanry to maintain un- sullied the national honor, young Farber be- came imbued with the prevailing spirit and as soon as old enough tendered his services and, if need be, his life to the end that the L-nion might not be disrupted. It was while his father was stationed at Dunkirk, Ohio, that he entered the army, enlisting Septem- ber 8. 1863. in Company A, Twelfth Ohio Cavalry, for three years' service or during the war; he lacked ten days of his seven- teenth year when his name was enrolled as a volunteer. His command was first as- signed to duty in Virginia and the first en- gagement of any importance in which he participated was at what was known as the Salt Works in that state. Subsequently he took part in a number of battles, minor en- gagements and skirmishes, among which were Wvtheville and Orb Oaks, Virginia, Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, and Salsbury, North Carolina, the last-named place being where the Twelfth Cavalry was detached for the purpose of assisting in the pursuit and cap- ture of the president of the Southern Con- federacy, Jefferson Davis. Mr. Farber was within less than a half mile of Davis when the latter was captured and, with others of his command, assisted in guarding the noted prisoner and accompanied him until he was placed in the care of another escort. Mr. Farber saw a great deal of active service and shared with his comrades the excitement and dangers of war in many thrilling situa- tions. He participated in a number of gal- lant charges, during which the air around him resounded with the awful shrieks of bursting shells, mingled with the weird hum of the deadly musket and rifle balls, when it seemed impossible for any one to emerge alive from the terrible ordeal of death. Twice he had two horses shot from under him. and throughout his entire career as a 592 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. soldier his conduct was all that a brave man's culd he. At the close of the war he was mustered out of the service at Nashville, Tennessee, his discharge bearing the date of November 14. 1865. By reason of duty faith fully done and broken health, superin- duced h\- exposure and hardships while in the service, he is now the recipient of a monthly pension of sixteen dollars, a sum far too small in view of the vicissitudes he endured while giving the best years of his life that the government should remain as the fathers founded it. While in the army Mr. Farber's father was transferred to a church in Jay county, Indiana, and thither the subject proceeded immediately after his discharge. For some months after his return he worked as a farm hand for his uncle, Curtis Clark, and later engaged in the insurance business in Port- land. Jay county's seat of justice. He re- mained at that place for a period of fourteen years, seven of which were spent with Gen. J. I'. C. Shanks, one of Indiana's leading military men and noted jurists and for some years a representative in the United States congress. He did a thriving business in different lines of insurance and continued to remain in Jay county until 1 S« ; 1 . at which lime he became a citizen of Kosciusko. Shortly after coming to this countv Mr. Farber was appointed justice of the peace to fill out an unexpired term, and at the next election was chosen to the office by the vote of the people of Plain township. He has served continuously to the present time and as a justice has become widely and favorably known, many important case- hav- ing been tried in his court and much busi- ness brought to him from various parts of the country. He possesses a judicial mind. his decisions have invariably been character- ized by fairness, and but little dissatisfaction has ever resulted from his manner of ad- judicating cases involving complex technical pi iint> and a sound knowledge of the law. Mr. Farber was married March _>^. 189 1 , to Mrs. Laura Mahoney, widow of William Mahoney and daughter of Robert and Lavina (Saxon) Michaels. Immedi- ately thereafter he purchased property in the village of Oswego. Plain township, where he has since lived. He has a pleasant home and is comfortably situated, his place being neat and attractive in ap|)earance, bespeak- ing the presence of people of cultivation and I taste. Mr. Farber is an enthusiastic worker in the Grand Army of the Republic, being a 1 charter member of Sylvester J. Bailey Post. Xo. 154. at Portland. He served as officer of the day four and a half years, two years as adjutant, and was also commander for a : considerable length of time. For four years he was second lieutenant in Company A of the state militia and it is conceded by those capable of judging that he is one of the best posted men in military affairs, as well as one of the most thorough drill masters, in this part of the state of Indiana. At the present time he is commander of William McLaughlin Post at Milford and his serv- ices as such have been eminently satisfactory and greatly appreciated by every member of the organization. By reason of his affilia- tion with the Grand Army of the Republic Mr. Farber has become widely known throughout the state and he enjoys the high esteem ami warm personal friendship of many of the leading members of the order in Indiana and elsewhere. To meet with his old comrades and recount the thrilling scenes of vote, when the country was in the COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 593 throes of rebellion, he deems among his most pleasant and agreeable experiences and wherever he sees a worthy soldier he greets him as a brother, bound by no ordinary ties. Mr. Farher is a man of wide and varied in- telligence, a great reader, especially of his- toric and political subjects, upon all of which he has deep and sound convictions. He is a stanch supporter of the Republican party, the principles of which he believes to be for the best interests of the country ; consequent- ly he is ever ready to put forth his best ef- forts in behalf of the ticket and deems no activity too great if thereby its success may be promoted. Since his twenty-first year Mr. Farber has been in office almost continuously and that he has been so long thus honored is proof that his duties have been discharged in a manner highly creditable to himself and satisfactory to the public. Although not a member of any religious organization, lie is a liberal contributor to the Methodist Epis- copal church, of which his wife is an active member, and to all matters of charity and benevolence he gives with a free and open hand. As a man he is a creditable repre- sentative of the highest order of American citizenship and in every relation of life his conduct has been that of a liberal minded, intelligent and courteous gentleman. In brief, he is a type of the strong and virile class through whose efforts the great com- monwealth of Indiana is indebted for its splendid achievements of the past and for the large measure of success and prosperity which it enjoys at the present time. Mr. and Mrs. Farber have two daugh- ters. Ethel, born August 3, 1895, and Su- sanna P., whose birth took place March 30, 1899. By her previous marriage Mrs. Far- ber is the mother of a son, Luther Mahoney, who was born on the 14th day of Septem- ber, 1884. JOSEPH S. ARMEY. The well-known subject of this review is one of Jefferson township's highly es- teemed citizens and as a farmer occupies a place in the front rank of Kosciusko coun- ty's successful agriculturists. In his veins flows the blood of a long line of German, Scotch and Irish ancestors and it can be truthfully said that he combines in his men- tal and physical make-up many of the char- acteristics for which those sturdy peoples have long been noted. Family history re- veals the fact that the Armeys were among the early settlers of Virginia, in which state the subject's grandfather, Abraham Armey, was born, reared and married. He served in the war of 181 2 as private in a Virginia regiment and after the cessation of hostil- ities engaged in farming, which vocation he carried on all his life. The maiden name of his wife was Anna France; she was also a native of the Old Dominion. About the year 1825 he left his Virginia home and mi- grated to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his days, dying there at a good old age. The seven chil- dren born to Abraham and Anna Armey were as follows: Jacob. John, Henry, Susan, Magdalena, Elizabeth and one that died before receiving a name. The oldest of the children, Jacob Armey, was born in Virginia and accompanied his parents to Ohio when fourteen years of age. He was reared' a farmer and. with the ex- ception of a limited period spent in the tan- 594 COMI'EXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. ning business when a young man. made the pursuit of agriculture his life work. In an earlv day he went to Union county, Indi- ana, where lie met and married Mi>-. Amy Stevenson, who was born in Warren county, Ohio. June jo. 1813. She was the daughter of John Stevenson, who moved from eastern Ohio to Indiana in pioneer times and l>e- came a well-known citizen and successful farmer of Union county. Jacob Armey con- tinued to reside in Union county until about the year 1838, when he went hack to his old Ohio home, where he remained till 1851. at which time he returned to Indiana and lo- cated in the county of Kosciusko. He set- tled temporarily in Clay township, where he rented land, and also cultivated a farm in Wabash county, living on leased land un- til 1863. when he moved to Scott township and took possession of a farm which he had purchased the previous year. Subsequently he bought other real estate in section 1 of the same township, to which he removed and on which his death took place in Au- gust, 1874; Mrs. Armey survived her hus- band till [898, at which time she was called to the other life. Eight children were horn to this worthy couple, namely: Joseph S., Margaret A.. William S., I.ydia. Hannah J.. Susannah. Martha and Abraham. Joseph S. Armey, the first horn of the family, is a native of Union county, Indi- ana, and dates his birth from the 17th day of February, 1830. He attended the schools in the neighborhood of the home farm when a hoy. and spent the first fifteen years of his life in the county of Montgomery. Ohio, meanwhile assisting his father with the farm work, not a little of which fell to him by reason of his being the oldest son. He ac- companied the family to Kosciusko county in 1851 and. with the exception of a few years, has made this part of the state his home to the present day. the exception re- ferred to being the time he lived in the coun- ty "f Wabash, which covered a period of nearly ten years. Mr. Armey remained with his parents until of a legal age. but it was not until [860 that he bought land of his own. which he began to improve in 1863. His first pur- chase consisted of eighty acres in section 6, Jefferson township, to which he afterwards made an addition of four and a half acres adjoining, the two tracts combined forming the nucleus of his present estate of four hun- dred aero. From his boyhood Mr. Armey was trained to habits of industry and he found his early lessons of great practical value when he began the work of clearing his land and fitting it for cultivation. He erected comfortable buildings on his place, gradually extended the area of tillable land until he found himself in the possession of a beautiful farm, which for general agri- cultural purposes is not excelled by any like number of acres in the township in which it is situated. Vs a farmer and business man Mr. Armey has always been regarded as a rep- resentative citizen of his township and coun- ty, lie i^ a careful manager and a good financier, and his judgment is seldom wrong nil matters coming within his sphere as an agriculturist and stock raiser. His life has been characterized by consecutive toil and well-directed effort and the success which has crowned his labors mark him as a man of sound judgment, keen discernment and prudent forethought. He is methodical in his work, prompt in meeting all obligations. not given to speculation of any kind, hut COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 595 satisfied with the gradual but sure gains which result from legitimate labor. Per- sonally he has many friends in his township ami the high esteem in which he is held proves him to be the possessor of those cor- rect moral principles which make men worthy of public as well as private con- fidence. Mr. Armey has been twice married, the first time in May, 1870, to Miss Thursey E. Snyder, who bore him the following chil- dren : William W., deceased; Amy C, de- ceased ; Jacob F. Lewis, deceased ; Adam and Aaron, twins, the former dead; Eva, de- ceased; Emma J., Joseph M. and Noah E. The second marriage was solemnized March 5. 1S97, with Mrs. Sallie M. French, widow of the late Carnelius French, a union with- out issue. +-+-+ CHARLES T. DYE. For many years the well-known subject of this sketch has been engaged in agricult- ural pursuits in Kosciusko county and is well entitled to representation with the en- terprising and progressive men of the town- ship of which he is an honored citizen. He comes from good old Revolutionary stock, his great-grandfather having been a hero of the colonial struggle for independence, and later his father fought for three years in the army which crushed forever the armed hosts of treason in one of the greatest wars known to history. Marshall A. Dye, the subject's father, was born in 1821. In an early day he en- tered land in Kosciusko county through an uncle and came to his possession in Tippe- canoe township in the year 1859. He re- sided on his original purchase until 1892, at which time he took up his abode in the town- ship of Plain, where he now lives. As al- ready stated, he was a veteran of the late Civil war, serving three years as private in Company G, Second Indiana Cavalry\ and earning the reputation of a brave defender of the old flag. He is the father of four children, Alexander, Charles T., Edgar and William, all deceased but the subject of this review. Alexander was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion and died while in the service. Charles T. Dye is a native of. Miami county, Ohio, and dates his birth from the 27th day of January, 185 1. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, secured a good ed- ucation in the common schools and remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age. He assisted his father on the farm and on attaining his majority decided to follow tilling the soil for a life work, a resolution which he has since carried out with satis- factory financial results. In the year 1872 Mr. Dye and Miss Evi- line Robinson, daughter of an early settler of Tippecanoe township, were united in the holy bonds of wedlock, a union resulting in the birth of three children, Charles M., Thomas W. and John W. The first two are married, Charles M. living in North Web- ster and Thomas in the village of Oswego. The mother of these children died Novem- ber 8. 1885. and in February of the year following Mr. Dye was united in marriage to Irene F. Bartholomew, daughter of Levi Bartholomew, one of the early settlers of Kosciusko county. Five children have been born to Mr. Dye's second marriage, name- ly: Rosella M., Clarence A., Levi L., Alta and Le Roy. 596 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Mr. Dye made his home in Tippecanoe township for a number of years and met with encouraging success as a farmer and stuck raiser. In 1886 he purchased his pres- ent farm of one hundred and forty-seven acres, partly in Tippecanoe, Plain and Van Buren townships. Industrious, frugal and energetic, he lias prosecuted his labors in such a manner as to win an enviable repu- tation as an enterprising agriculturist and earns for himself a comfortable competency, being- now in independent circumstances. He believes in the dignity of the farmer's vocation, keeps abreast the times in all that pertains to agricultural science and man- ages his place in Mich a way as to insure the largest possible returns in exchange for the time and labor expended upon the soil. His place bears every evidence of thrift and good taste, the buildings and fences being in first-class condition, while the appearance of the well-cultivated fields testify to the care and labor devoted to them. As a neighbor and citizen the county has no better or more worthy men than Charles T. Dye. Honest and upright in all of his dealings, courteous in his relations with his fellow men and of unsullied char- acter, he has borne well his part in life and his influence in the community has always been potent for good. He is a reader and observer, familiar with current events, and has well grounded opinions relative to every great public or political question now be- fore the American people. A stanch ad herent 'if the Republican party and taking an active interest in its behalf, he is by no mean- narrow or prejudiced in his views, no,- ha- he ever been a partisan in the sense of seeking office at the hands of hi- fellow citizens. At the present time he is a mem- ber of the township advisory hoard and as such has rendered efficient service, his judg- ment being sound and his opinions having much weight with his associates. Mr. Dye is identified with the Pythian fraternity, holding membership with the lodge at Leesburg. He and wife move in the best social circles of the community and are among the most intelligent and popular people of their neighborhood. Personally Mr. Dye is of pleasing address, easily ap- proachable and he numbers his friends by the score wlierever he is known. All enter- prises and movements for the public good find in him a zealous friend and liberal patron. JOHN C. BEAGLE. The history of the loyal sons and repre- sentative citizens of Kosciusko county would not l)e complete should the name that heads this review be omitted. When the tierce fire of rebellion was raging throughout the Southland, threatening to destroy the L'nion, he responded with patriotic fervor to the call for volunteers and in some of the hi best battles for which that great war was noted proved bis loyalty to the government he loved so well. During a useful life in the region where he lives he has labored dili- gently to promote the interests of the people, working earnestly and with little regard for his personal advancement or ease. He has been devoted to the public welfare and in all of his relations his highest ambition has been to benefit the community and advance its standard of citizenship. The birth of John Beagle occurred in Kosciusko county. Indiana, April 7. 1840. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 597 He is the son of Calvin and Isabella (Walker) Beagle, the former a native of New York and the latter descended from an old Scotch family that settled many years ago in that state. Stephen Beagle, the sub- ject's grandfather, a New Yorker, was a cooper by trade. He married, near the place of his nativity, Elizabeth Dobin, and in June, 1836, sold his farm and migrated to [Michigan, where he entered and improved one hundred and sixty acres of land. He made good improvements, became a success- ful tiller of the soil and spent the remainder of his life on the land which he bought from the government, dying there a num- ber of years ago. His first wife died in New York and later he again married, the latter companion departing this life in Michigan. Stephen Beagle was the father of fourteen children, whose names are as follows : Amos, Leonard, Almon, Phcebe, Calvin, Sarah. Emily. Clarissa, Eliza, Nancy, Abigail, Anna, John and Luther. Calvin, the fifth son and father of the subject of this sketch, was born October 21, 181 1, in New York, and inherited to a marked degree many of the sturdy charac- teristics of the Irish and Welsh nationalities, from which his parents were descended. On the 27th day of November, 1837, he was united in marriage to Isabella Walker and immediately thereafter arranged his affairs so as to move west, where land could be cheaply procured. Kosciusko county was in its infancy when Mr. Beagle cast his lot with its fortunes, as a resident of what is now the township of Washington. His ar- rival here dates from 1838, in which year he entered one hundred and twenty acres of land, erected a small log cabin, sixteen by eighteen feet in size, and began life as a pioneer. He was one of the first permanent settlers of the above township and did much to promote its material development. After living on his original purchase about eleven years he exchanged it for a farm of one hun- dred and twenty-nine acres in Plain town- ship, to which he removed on the 7th day of April. 1849. He made the latter place his home until July, 1900, at which time he moved to Oswego, where he now resides. Calvin and Isabella Beagle enjoyed a long and happy married life, the union be- ing severed by the death of the latter after the two had traveled life's journey hand in hand for the almost unprecedented period of sixty-three years. They were the oldest couple in Plain township, if not in the coun- ty, and their long residence made them fa- miliarly known throughout a large area of country. Subsequently Mr. Beagle married a second wife, with whom he is still living. He has reached the remarkable age of ninety years, and, like an oak in a field, has seen his companions and friends of other years about him fall one by one until he alone is left to weave the thread of personal incident with the woof oi Kosciusko county's pio- neer history. His life has been closely con- nected with this part of the state and, as in- dicated above, few men have been as active as he in developing the country and induc- ing a good class of settlers to make it their home. He has been a good man, prominent in charitable and religious work, and since his twenty-ninth year an active and consist- ent member of the church. By his first wife Calvin Beagle is the father of four children, Perry. John C, Luther and Evaline, all liv- ing except the last named. John C. Beagle was reared in Kosciusko countv, and remembers well when the conn- 59 8 COMPEXDICM OF BIOGRAPHY. try was new and comparatively undeveloped. No striking incident marked his life, which was spent in the woods and fields, alternat- ing with attendance at the public sell* lie received from his father an excellent training for the practical duties of life, while the sweet gentle influence of his mother had much to do in shaping his character and preparing him for those higher obligations which mark the relations of man with his fellow men. Mindful of what his parents had done for him during his childhood and youth, he remained with them until a man grown, assisting with the labors of the farm and. like a dutiful son. looking carefully after their interests. Shortly after attain- ing his majority he was united in the bonds of wedlock with Miss Phoebe Weber, who was born in Stark county. Ohio, and came with her parents to Kosciusko county when a miss of eleven years. John C. Beagle, although a young man and just married at the time the Rebellion broke out, was tired with patriotism and could not bear to see the slightest injury offered to his country. When the struggle burst forth in all of its fury, threatening to destroy the American Union, he tendered his services to the government by enlisting in Compan) II, One Hundred and Twenty- ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Bidding his young bride an affectionate farewell, he joined his command at Michigan City and from there was hurried to Nashville, Ten- nessee, where, with various other regiments, the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was sent to reinforce < ieneral Sherman at Resaca, Georgia. Mr. Beagle took part in the bloody campaign in the vicinity of that Confederate stronghold and participated in several of the most noted battles before his company had received any drill or military training what- ever, and for several weeks he was almost constantly under tire. After the fall of At- lanta his regiment was sent back to Nash- . . . ville. arriving m time to participate in the see. .ml battle there, where General Thomas gained such a signal and crushing victory over the Confederate forces under General Hood. Subsequently he met the enemy at Kinston, Goldsboro and Raleigh. North Carolina, and at the close of the war was mustered out of the service, his discharge bearing the date of September u. [865. Mr. Beagle was a brave soldier and a true patriot, his record in the field is with- out a blemish and the hardships endured and dangers braved proved his loyalty tp the nag for which he has a love amounting almost to reverence. He encountered the hosts of treason under many dangerous con- ditions, but was never known to falter in his duty and hesitated not to face the foe when ■ to do so appeared to invite death in its most awful form. < )n leaving the army he re- turned to his home, where, as may be sup- posed, a most joyful welcome awaited him. During the seven years following the close of the war Mr. Beagle was engaged in agricultural pursuits, but at the end of that time he temporarily abandoned farming and opened a grocery store in the village oi North Webster. He sold goods at this place and Oswego two years and then dis- posed of his stock and again turned his at- tention to the tilling of the soil. From that time to the present he has cultivated his farm, which now consists of two hundred and nine acres, eighty of which were cleared ami developed by his own labor. He is classed with the progressive fanners of Plain township, as his residence, commodious barn COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 599 and other improvements, together with the splendid condition of his fields, abundantly attest. Mr. and Mrs. Beagle are the parents of six children, namely: Mary I., wife of Al- fred Ervin, of Wayne township; William H., deceased ; Charley W. married Zetta Cox and lives in Montana ; Russel C. married Minnie Goshorn and lives in the village of Oswego ; Norman L. lives in Idaho, where he holds a lucrative position. Anna May, the youngest of the family, is a student in the schools of Oswego. Mr. Beagle is a well-informed man and takes a lively in- terest in all great public questions of the day. Politically he has always voted with the Democratic party in national and state affairs, but locally disregards party ties and casts his ballot independently. In religion he is a Baptist, to which denomination his wife also belongs. He joined the church in 1869 and has been one of its most faithful and zealous members ever since, working diligently as a layman and in the capacity of 'deacon, proving a most capable and pop- ular official. He is especially interested in the Sunday school, which he considers the most important auxiliary of the church. For a period of twenty years he has served as superintendent and assistant superintendent, a fact which speaks well for his efficiency as a leader in that important branch of re- ligious endeavor. Fraternally he was for- merly a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, but of recent years, on account of the distance which he has to go to attend, lias not been a very active participant in the work of the post with which he was identified. Personally .Mr. Beagle is a gentleman of pleasing address and quiet appearance, frank and kindly in manner and popular with his friends and fellow citizens. He has led a singularly pure and clear life, never having been under the influence of any kind of in- toxicants, while tobacco in any form has al- ways been one of his especial aversions. Measured by the true standard of excellence, he is an honorable, upright, courteous Chris- tian gentleman, true to himself and to others, and his influence in the community has al- ways been potent for good. He gives close attention to his business affairs and has amassed a sufficiency of this world's goods to make the rest of his life comfortable and free from embarrassment. He is one of the valuable men of his neighborhood, possess- ing tact and discriminating judgment, and is always ready to advise others, many being eager to avail themselves of his wise sug- gestions in matters of business. His home is all that good taste and kindness can make it and his social and family relations are of the most pleasant and agreeable character. TOSEPH BLACK. For more than fifty years the honored old pioneer and substantial citizen whose name appears above has been a resident of Kosciusko county and a prominent factor in its material growth and agricultural de- velopment. Few have been here as long as he and none have been more active during the last half century in making Prairie township one of the most enterprising and progressive sections of northern Indiana. Originally the Blacks were natives of Vir- ginia, where the family was widely and fa- vorably known during the colonial period. 6oo COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. In their veins flow the blood of the English and Irish nationalities, and the descendants tn the present day exhihit many of the ster- ling qualities of those two strong and virile peoples. Samuel Black, the subject's uncle, entered the American army at the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. and soon ruse to the rank of captain. He served with dis- tinction until independence was achieved, as did also his brother, John Black, who proved a brave and gallant soldier in many of the most noted battles of that historic struggle. Another brother. James 1 '.lack, was horn on the ancestral estate in Virginia and when a young man went to (./lark count}, Ohio, at that time on the verge of western civiliza- tion, and entered a tract of government land as early as the year 1811. He married in his native state .a young lady by the name of Catherine Black and was an active partici- pant in the pioneer period of (lark county. He cleared a good farm, became one of the leading agriculturists of the community in which he settled and for many years en- joyed the reputation of an enterprising and honorable citizen. James and Catherine Black lived useful lives and died on the place in Clark county. Ohio, where they originally located. They reared a family of ten children, namely : Mary. Matthew, Susan J.. Catherine, Dorcas. Joseph (the subject of this review ), Samuel 11.. James. Julia A. and John A., the majority of whom have long since gone to the other world. Joseph I '.lack, of this sketch, was horn in Clark county. Ohio, December 21, [823. 1 lis childhood and youthful years were spent on the home farm and in the subscription schools he received such educational train- ing as the teachers of those days were ca- pable of imparting. When old enough to begin life for himself he chose the ancient and honorable calling of agriculture and a little later operated a saw and grist-mill in connection with his labirs on his father's farm. This was perhaps the first mill erect- ed in Clark county and for a number of years was highly prized by the people of a large area of country, being the only place where they could obtain their supply of lumber and Hour. ( in obtaining his majority young Black concluded to make a tour of observation through the states of Indiana. Illinois and Wisconsin, with the object in view of pur- chasing land, provided he could find a suit- able location; accordingly in 1845 he started on horseback to what was then considered the far west. He traveled through northern Indiana, making his way to Kosciusko coun- ty via Huntington, and. being much pleased with the advantages the former presented as an agricultural region, concluded to secure land there, provided he found no more fa- vorable location further westward. He pro- ceeded on his trip to the then young and growing town of Chicago, thence as far northwest as Madison. Wisconsin, and be- fore his return rode over a considerable por- tion of Iowa, at that time a wild, unbroken prairie with settlements few and far be- tween. Being more than ever pleased with the fertile soil of Kosciusko county and its favorable outlook as a rich agricultural region and ultimately the center of a great population, he purchased, in the fall of 1S40. one hundred and eighty-two acres of his present farm in the township of Prairie. Xo sooner had Mr. Black obtained posses- sion of his land than he began preparations to improve it. In company with a comrade. one Alexander Wallace, he erected a small COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 60 1 cabin and during the three years following the two lived together, each working on his respective place, doing their own housework and obtaining as much pleasure as possible from their isolated and lonely situation. At the end of three years Mr. Black returned to Clark county, Ohio, where, on the 20th day of December, 1849, he was united in marriage fo Miss Susan Richeson, daughter of George and Prudence (Prillman) Riche- son, whose parents were natives of Virginia and of Irish-English extraction. Mrs. Black's parents were early settlers of Ohio, though natives of Virginia. George Riche- son was not only a brave and hardy pioneer, but also a gallant soldier in the war of 18 12, in which he was an officer of high rank. In the spring of 1850 Mr. Black and wife loaded their household effects and a few agricultural implements on a wagon and started for their new home in Kosciusko county, reaching their destination on the 25th day of April. They moved into the little house that Mr. Black had formerly oc- cupied while "baching" and occupied it for a period of ten years, at the end of which time the present dwelling was erected. As already stated, his original purchase con- sisted of one hundred and eighty-two acres, which, with what movable property he had at the time of his marriage, represented a capital of about one thousand dollars. With this modest beginning and a future bright with promise, he set to work to clear his land and if possible increase his possessions and improve his worldly condition. That he has succeeded in this laudable purpose is attested by the fact of his having purchased adjoining land from time to time until he became one of the leading farmers of Prairie township, also one of its largest owners of real estate. At the present time Mr. Black is the possessor of land t«i the amount of four hundred and eighty acres, all valuable, and his wealth is estimated at over thirty thousand dollars. Every dollar in his pos- session has been earned by legitimate and honorable means and no individual in the county of Kosciusko is more entitled to the term "'self-made man" than he. Originally his land was densely covered with fine tim- ber, from the sale of which in a later day he realized a large sum of money. He also appreciated the value of good live stock as a source of income and early stocked his place with tine breeds of cattle, horses and hogs, which', in addition to general farming, have been the means of building up the large fortune which he today enjoys. Mr. Black and family experienced all the vicissitudes of hardships and sufferings which characterized the pioneer period of Kosciusko county; but. unlike many others, he refused to become discouraged and return to the more comfortable home which he left behind. For several years after coming to the new country the family suffered much from the diseases then prevalent, notably the ague in its most aggravated form; not infrequently the father, mother and children were down at the same time, with no one to alleviate their sufferings or minister to their necessities. As the population in- creased and the country was denuded of the forests and the swamps drained, the "shakes" gradually disappeared, but many years passed before the family were exempt , from the regular attacks of malaria. Mr. Black worked hard and honorably earned the reputation he today enjoys as one of the leading farmers and prominent citizens of Prairie township. It is needless 602 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. to say that he is held in highest esteem in the community, for he lias thrown the force of his individuality and his sterling integ- rity into making the country what it is and his efforts have not failed of appreciation on the part of the local public. His name will ever he inseparably linked with that of Prairie township, whose interests could ha\e mi more zealous and indefatigable pro- moter. He and wife are among the oldest, best-known and highly respected people of the community where they live and their in- fluence has ever been exerted to the end that the world might he made better by their presence. In politics Mr. Black exercises his fran- chise in support of the Democratic party. He cast his lirst presidential ballot for James 1\. 1'nlk and from that time to the present has tint tailed to vote for his party candi- dates, unless sickness prevented him going tn the pulls. He has always been an active worker and upon several occasions was the party's choice for county commissioner, but. the county being strongly Republican, he failed of election. Mr. and Mis. Black are zealous members of the United Brethren church, belonging tn what is known as the liberal or progressive part of that body, lie is liberal in his support of the church and no worthy charitable object or benevolent enter- prise bad ever appealed tn him in vain. The family of Joseph and Susan Black consists of six children, whose names and dates nf birth are as follows: Clarinda A.. December 10. [850, is unmarried and makes her home with her parents: Edward <.i.. Ma\ [8, [852, married Mary Richie and lives in Seward township; Salem J.. July 9, [854, married Catherine Kimes-and lives in Plain township; Sarah (.'.. December 23, 1856, wife of Willis Boggess, a farmer and stock raiser of Prairie township; Cynthia A.. March 7. 1N50. unmarried and lives at home: James P.. whose birth occurred Jan- uary 3, 1 Si. 1. married Catherine Borkert and is a resident nf Prairie township. ANDREW W. ROSBPl'UI. The subject of this review is a well-to-do farmer and worthy citizen and an honorable representative nf one of Kosciusko county's oldest families. J 1 is father, Jacob Rosbrugh, a native ^>i Ohio, went to Michigan when a young man and there married Malissa Grubb, who was also of Ohio birth. As early as the spring of 1834 Mr. Rosbrugh moved to Kosciusko county and settled in the woods 1 >f what is now Plain township, where he entered a quarter section of land, only half <<\ which he succeeded in saving. I le was one of the earliest pioneers of that part of the county in which he located and in time became one of the substantial farm- ers of the community and a leading citizen of the township. He reared a large family of eleven children, namely: William, Benaiah, Andrew \\".. Susan. Julia, Cor- nelia. ( )live. Jane. Malissa. Eliza and Stephen. Andrew W. Rosbrugh is a native of Kosciusko county, burn on the 6th day '>\ August, [841. When a mere buy he learned how tn wield an ax and as he advanced in years became unusually skilled in handling that implement, being able while still in his 'teens tn t \'> a man's work in cutting cord wood, making rails or in any other kind ••! labor pertaining tn wood-craft. When in his prime tn cut and put up from the green COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 603 twi 1 ci >rds 1 if woi id he a msidered an ordinary day's work and now, although nearly sixty years of age, he can still swing the ax with much of his former vigor, easily cutting his two cords a day without experiencing a great deal of fatigue or discomfort. He was a valuable assistant to his father in clearing the farm and later took much of the labor of cultivating the fields upon his own shoulders. proving a dutiful son as long as he remained under the parental roof. Mr. Rosbrugh stayed with his parents until August, 1S62, when he enlisted in Company I. Thirtieth Indiana Infantry, for three years or during the war. About six months after entering the army he was taken seriously sick and for a number of weeks was under the physician's care in a hospital at Bowling Green, Kentucky. His sickness not yielding to treatment, he was subse- quently discharged and as soon as able to travel was sent home, where, after long and careful nursing, his former good health gradually came hack t< 1 him. He still suf- fers at times from the effects of the illness contracted while in the service, in conse- quence of which he is now the recipient of a monthly pension of eight dollars. Mr. Rosbrugh early decided to become a farmer and began life for himself on forty- five acres in Plain township which he pur- chased some time after returning from the army. By diligence and much hard work he brought his little farm to a high state of cul- tivation and in due time was enabled to pur- chase other real estate until he now is the owner of one hundred and thirty-live acres and a fraction acres which, under his labors and successful management, has been made one of the best farms in the township of Plain. 37 As a tiller of the soil Mr. Rosbrugh is up to date and familiar with every detail of modern farming. His improvements are first class, his dwelling comfortable and sup- plied with many of the conveniences which make country life pleasant and desirable, and the well-tilled fields, the general appearance of the premises and the condition of the im- plments and live stock bespeak the attention and care which are bestowed upon the place. Mr. Rosbrugh has surrounded himself with many of the comforts of life and believes in getting all the good out of the world there is in it. Financially he is in independent circumstances, with something laid by for a rainy day, and within a short time will be able to retire from active life with a sufficient competence for his declining years. Mr. Rosbrugh has been twice married, the first time to Miss Minerva Richie, who bore him one child, Effie, now the wife of James G. Kelly. Some time after the death of his first wife, the subject chose for a companion Ettie Barrick. daughter of John T. and Hettie (Grove) Barrick, the mar- riage being solemnized on the 26th day of February, 1885. Mrs. Rosbrugh was born August 4, 1806, in Kosciusko county and is a lady of many sterling qualities, highly re- spected by a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances and noted for her domestic vir- tues and for the wholesome moral influence she exerts in the community. She is the mother of six children: Elnora, born Au- gust 23. 1887; Hazel F., born May 7, 1889; Cora E., born October 17, 1891 ; Edna 1)., born May 3. 1893: William C. and Wilbur F., twins, whose births occurred on the 7th day of March, 1897. Mrs. Rosbrugh is a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church, but her husband is not identified 604 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. with any ecclesiastical organization, al- though a believer in the religion of the Bible and a liberal contributor to the supp irl the gospel. ilitically Mr. Rosbrug Repub- lican and for a number of years past has been quite an active worker in the party. He reads much, forms his opinions after mature deliberations, and is one of the well- posted men of his neighborhood and com- munity, lie is not wanting in moral qual- ities of a high order, candor and probity marking all of his intercourses with his fel- low citizens, and he is today pronounced one of the worthiest men of the township of which he ha- been a lifelong resident, lie i- eminently social with his neighbors, pos sesses a personality that attracts friends and in conversation is always characterized by and solidity. Plain and unas- suming in demeanor, lie i- respected by all win. know him and in a quiet way has ex- erted a good influence upon all with whom lie comes in c< >ntact. NOAH PUNTENNEY. ge is constant and general ; ■ erations rise and pa-- unmarked away: and it i- due to posterity, as well as a present gratification, to gather up ami put in im- perishable form upon the printed page as nearly as possible a true and succinct record of the parent" s life. Noah Puntenney, of this review, has long been numbered with the enterprising and substantial men of Kosciusko county, and a brief outline of his career from the time when, a friendless orphan, he was put to his wits end to obtain the bare necessities of life, to his present high standing as one of the leading agriculturists of northern In- diana, cannot fail to be interesting as well instructive to the young men into whose cradle smiling fortune has cast no gilded scepter. .Mr. Puntenney is one of Kosci- usko county's native ~, ,us, his natal day be- May 31st. of the year 1842. .When the subject was a small boy his father died, leav- ing a widow and six small children on a little backwoods farm in Prairie township, consisting of forty acres, but a small part of which was at the time in cultivation. care fur her offspring and furnish them with the plainest necessities taxed t>> the utmost the kind mother's ingenuity and resources and until her second marriage hard, grind- ing toil was her lot and not infrequently did hunger knock at her humble cottage door. With the advent of a step-father affairs fur a time changed for the better, but within a few years the kind, patient mother went the way of all the living, again leaving her offspring to the cold charities of a selfish and unfeeling world. Young Noah was thus earlv thrown upon his resources and for some time thereafter. to use the language of another, "was kicked and cuffed from pillar to post," hardly knowing one day how the next day's 1 1 arid shelter were to be ob- tained. Fortunately for him an uncle lh 1 in ( Hiio, learning of the dire straits to which the children were reduced, came and took him and his two brothers to his own home, where they were cared for until able to shift for themselves. When the subject became a member of his kinsman's family he was a lad of thirteen years, and he remained under that gentleman's hospitable roof until his fifteenth vear, at which time he returned to COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 605 Indiana and secured employment as a farm hand. Meantime Ins opportunities for ac- quiring an education were exceedingly meager, at best being limited to a few weeks' attendance, now and then, upon the poor subscription schools which obtained in north- ern Indiana a half century ago. Mr. Puntenney continued in the capacity of a farm laborer until twenty years old, and on attaining his majority went, in the spring of 1863, to Colorado and took up a claim, with the object in view of engaging in agriculture and stock raising. Not long after reaching the territory he became im- bued with patriotic fervor to enter* the serv- ice of the government to assist in crushing the rebellion, which was then at its height; accordingly, in August of the following year, he became a member of Company G, Third Colorado Cavalry. This regiment was re- cruited for the hundred-days service and Mr. Puntenney remained with his command un- til the expiration of his period of enlistment, 1 lecember 29, of the same year, after which lie returned to his claim and resumed farm- ing. The following three years were marked by a large influx of immigrants to all parts of the western territories, causing improved lands to increase rapidly in value. Seeing a favorable opportunity to dispose of his farm at a liberal figure, Mr. Puntenney, in the spring of 1S67, sold out and returned to Kosciusko county, where he was united in marriage on the 16th day of April, that year, to Miss Electa Guy, of Prairie township, daughter of Major James and Nancy ( Headley) Guy. Mrs. Puntenney's father was a native of Virginia and served with distinction in the war of 1812, as major of a regiment from the Old Dominion state. His father came to America from England in -an early day and settled in Virginia, where his death occurred a great many yeai ago. After his marriage Major Guy moved to Ohio, thence a number of years later to Kosciusko county, where he and wife spent the remainder of their days, both dying in Prairie township, of which they were early settlers. Of their seventeen children Mrs. Puntenney was next to the youngest, and her life in the main lias been spent within the limits of her native county. After his marriage Mr. Puntenney be- gan farming in Prairie township on land leased for the purpose, and he continued as a renter until 1876. In that year he pur- chased one hundred and twenty acres of un- improved land in Tippecanoe township, from which, in due time, by hard and long continued efforts, he developed a fine farm. His improvements are now among the best and most valuable in his part of the county, consisting of a fine dwelling and barn, good outbuildings and fences, while the original fertility of the soil has been maintained and in places greatly enhanced by a successful system of drainage, containing at the pres- ent time over eight hundred rods of tiling. There are no more methodical or successful tillers of the soil in Kosciusko county than Noah Puntenney, all conceding his high standing as an enterprising and progressive agriculturist. Xot only as a farmer and business man is he considered representative, but in all that constitutes nobility of char- acter and good citizenship he has long oc- cupied a conspicuous place in the commu- nity. He is an able financier, his judgment being seldom at fault in matters of business policy, and he may justly be regarded as a notable example of the exercise of those cor- rect principles which win success and earn 6o6 tPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. for their possessor the respect and confidence of the people. Mr. and Mrs. I 'u litem icy have been blessed with three children, viz: Harriet. born March 29, (868, i- the wife of E. E, Morehead; Fannie J., who was born Novem- ber 11. 1S71, married I'.. S. Cretchee, a farmer and stuck raiser of Washington township; Mary M.. the youngest, -whose birth occurred mi the 17th 'lay of May, 1874, is tin- wifi' of John Elder, one of Prairie township's successful husbandmen. In addition to their own children. Mr. and Mrs. Puntenney took to their hearts and homes, some years ago, two orphan broth- ers, Lewis R. and Roscoe Peterson, inmates of an orphan asylum, whom they have cared for with the same love and devotion tl marked the training of their own offspring. They are still living with their foster par- ents. Mr. Puntenney ha- been a stanch Demo- crat ever since old enough i" wield the eled ive franchise and Mill takes an active part in political affair-, working earnestly for his and sparing no reasonable pains to promote its success. He 1- an intelligent observer and careful reader, keeping himself fully in- formed relative t" the greal questions and issues of the times, and has the courage of hi- convictions upon all matters, political, secular and religious, lli- Eraterna] rela ti'>ns include the Grand Army of the Re- public and Independent Order of Odd Fel- lows and his religious faith i- represented b) creed of the Methodist Episcopal church. IK- i- zealous in religious work, having served for a number of years as class leader and steward of the congregation to which he and his wife belongs, and lie i- also an active worker in the Sunday school, serv- ing for some time in the capacity of super- intendent. Mr. Puntennej believes in using the mean.- with which he has been blessed t" worthy and noble end-, consequently he is quite a liberal contributor to the church and given with a free hand to promote other enterprises having lor their object the moral elevation of humanity. lie and his esti- mable wife are very popular in their neigh- borhood, because of their man) kindly a of charity, and the township in which they have their home can boast of ii" letter or more worthy couple. Born in poverty's humble vale, rocked in the cradle of adver shy ami educated in the rugged school of self-reliance. Mr. Puntenney know- how to sympathize with the 1 r and unfortunate, and his life ha- been marked by a broad and generous Christian charity which in its scope take- m all those whose lots have been cast in environments tending ourage and dishearten. His life ha- been a blessing and benediction li> mankind. Jul IX F. POUND. The gentleman to whom attention is di- rected in this review has attained pro- nounced prestige by reason of his social and commercial high standing in Kosciusl county, ami also as an official of his town- ship. Mr. Round is one of the representa- tive men of Plain township and for some years pasl has been prominently identified with the industrial and business interests of Kosciusko county, lie takes a deep and abiding interest in everything pertaining t" the material advancement of the township in COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 607 which he resides and every enterprise in- tended to promote the advancement of Kos- ciusko county is sure to receive his hearty support. He is rated as one of the progres- sive citizens of the community in which he lives, and the high respect in which he is held by all classes of people is a deserving compliment to an intelligent, broad-minded and most worthy man. Mr. Pound is a native of < >hio, having been born in Montgomery county, that state, on the 22d of March. 1852. His father, Philip Pound, was a native of Germany, born in Wurtemberg May 16, iS 15, and im- migrated tn America with his parents when four years of age, settling in Lancaster coun- ty, Pennsylvania, where he grew to ma- turity. He came to Montgomery county, Ohio, in 1839 and there met and married Rosannah Martin, who was a native of that state. He purchased eighty acres of land on the Troy pike, about seven miles north of Dayton, where he afterwards resided for a number of years. His wife, the mother of the subject, died while living here, in De- cember. 1853, an d ' ie subsequently married Anna Wolf. In 1859 he moved to Elkhart county. Indiana, where he purchased one hundred acres of land near Goshen, on which he settled and resided eleven years. While living here he was again bereaved of his wife, who died in March, 1862. In 1864 he married Elizabeth Brown. In 1870 he sold out his interests in Elkhart county and moved to Kosciusko county, purchasing one hundred and twenty acres of land near Os- wego, Plain township, on which he after- ward- resided until his death, which oc- curred in January, 1891. He was an intel- ligent and enterprising man, a great reader, and was noted for his remarkable memory. He was a Republican in politics and always took an active interest in the success of his party, though never an aspirant for public favi irs. He was the father of eight children, of whom four grew to maturity, viz: Mary C. (now deceased), Sarah E. and John F., by his first marriage, and Jacob H. by his second marriage. John F. Pound, the subject of this re- view, came with his father to Elkhart coun- ty, and from thence to Kosciusko county in 1870, where he has practically made his home ever since. He was educated in the i common schools of Elkhart and this county and at the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, from which institution he was graduated in 1876. He afterward en- gaged in teaching school in Elkhart and Kosciusko counties for fifteen years, mure or less, having also taught six winters pre- vious to his graduation. In 1880 he pur- chased ninety acres of land in section 34, Plain township, on which he settled and en- gaged in farming, though he continued to teach school during the winter months. In 18S0 lie purchased the general store and property of Charles L. White, at Oswego, Indiana, which he took charge of in March of that year, and has resided here ever since, doing a successful business. On coming here he was appointed postmaster of this place and held the office until 1898, when he resigned and accepted an appointment as trustee of Plain township, to fill the unex- pired term of Charles L. White, and in 1900 he was elected to that office for a four-years term. In this capacity he is now serving, and has pri >\ en himself to be one < if the most efficient and faithful officials that has ever served the people of Plain township. Mr. Pound is an ardent supporter of the Re- 6o8 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. publican part}-, to which he has given much of his energies and from which, as already stated, he has received mark-; of favor. He enters into political work with the same force and energy that characterize his ef- forts in business affairs. He stands well with the opposition and numbers among his closest personal friends and warmest ad- mirers many who are as radically Demo- cratic as he is Republican. Fraternallj is a member of St. Leon Lodge, No. 192, K. of P., of Leesburg, in which he stai high. Mr. Pound was united in marriage at Oswego, Indiana. September 24, 1884, the lad) of his choice being Miss Sarah J. Den- man, a native of this county who was born August 31, [850. She is a daughter of Rev. Aimer and Harriet M. (Wade) Den- man, who were both native- of ( )hio', tho among the early sett Kosciusko coun- ty. Rev. Denman was previously married, while in Ohio, to Sarah J. Crane, who bore him one child. Abner I'., who died in in- fancy. This wife lived only about one v after their man sed t<> the other world. Subsequently Rev. Denman came to Kosciusko county and settled in Oswego, ..lure he met and married M Wade. He was a Baptist minister and had charge of the Oswego church and also the church at Warsaw for a number of years before hi- death, which occurred April 20, [852. His widow quently married William Gunter and at present reside- in Plain township. Two children were horn to her union with Rev. Denman. Sarah J. and Mariah E. Mrs. Round was educate', in the public schools of tin- county and at the - . ille, < >hio, frotu which institution -he graduated in She began teaching school when nineteen year- of age and taught consecu- tively until [888, with the exception of f. years spent in the Shepardson College. Mr . Round i- a consistent member of the Rat • church, in which she has been a member renteenth year. She i- at pres- stmistress of Oswego, having re- ceived the appointment at the time her hus- band resigned in [898, and lias held the ever since. To Mr. and Mrs. Round have been horn two children. Philip Harold. .1 June S. [888, and Adria Athena. Sep- tember [6, 1895. Roth are bright and promising children and stand at the h of their classes in school, the elder having graduated from the common schools of district in [901. Mr. and Mrs. Round are rdined and congenial people and are highly esteemed by all who have bad tl tune to meet them. OLIVER WRIGHT. To -ketch tke life of a busy man of af- fairs and in a manner to throw a v focussed light upon the principal events of his life is the task in hand in portraying the career of Oliver Wright, of Leesburg. On the 15th day of March, kjoj. he turned his fifty-eighth mile stone on life's journey, and is now in the zenith of the p >wers. physically and mentally, a strong, symmetrically de- iped man ami worthy citizen of the thriv- ing little town in which he ha- his home. The American branch of the Wright family appears to have originated in Pennsylvania, in whii the subject's grandpan wei 1 1. In an early day thev COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 609 migrate-! to Hocking county, Ohio, where Robert Wright, father of Oliver, was born, and later moved to Indiana, settling in the county of Grant. When a young man Rob- ert Wright took up his abode in Wabash county, moving thither about the vear 1852, shortly after his marriage, in ( Irant county, to Miss Margaret Wright, \v,hose family name was the same as his own, though they were in no wise related. He purchased eighty acres in the county of Wabash, which he cultivated four years, and then disposed of the place and returned to the county of Grant, where he spent the remainder of his life, dying in the year 1848. His widow sub- sequently remarried and is now living in Kansas. Robert and Margaret Wright had two children, the subject of this review and Elisha, the latter dying when five years old. Oliver Wright is a native of Indiana, born in the county of Wabash on the 5th day of March, 1844. Reared in the country on a farm, he spent the years of his child- hood and early youth in healthful outdoor exercise and upon his mind were earl)' im- pressed the ]es>ons of industry and thrift by which his subsequent years have been char- acterized. He attended the common schools of winter -seasons until sixteen years of age and then left home to make his own way in the world. He first obtained employment as a farm laborer and after working as such for a short time in his native county came to the county of Kosciusko, where be spent one summer at monthly wages. Returning to Wabash count}', he continued farm work for a period of six years, at the expiration of which time he came back to Kosciusko and secured employment on a large farm' near the town of Milford. In the vicinity of Mil- ford were then living: William and Mary E. Dillon and their family, one of the children being a daughter, Sarah J., between whom and young Wright a warm friendship soon sprang up. This finally ripened into a ten- der attachment which in due time terminated m marriage, which was solemnized on the 18th day of July, 1863. Mrs. Wright's par- ents are of German descent; they came to this county from Pennsylvania and rented in the township of Van Buren. At the time of his marriage Mr. Wright had little means and was dependent for a livelihood upon any honorable employment to which he could turn his hands. After working for some time at various kinds of labor he turned his attention to stone masonry and soon became quite skilled in that line, so much so that his services were in great demand in various parts of the country. Always industrious and economical, he soon had all the work he could do and by carefully saving his earnings was able, in the spring of [882, to purchase the comfortable home in Lees- burg which he now occupies. On moving to Leesburg Mr. Wright ef- fected a copartnership in the butcher busi- ness with Cyrus Long, which after a short time was dissolved by the subject purchas- ing the latter's interest and becoming .sole proprietor. He also bought the transfer business of the town, which he ran for some time in connection with his meat market, owning the only drays in the place and do- ing' a very lucrative business in that line. Subsequently he disposed of his meat mar- ket, and since then has devoted his entire time to the' transferring- business, which has continued to grow in magnitude and import- ance until he now has all he can possibly do, realizing a handsome income. 6io COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Mr. Wright is in all respects a self-made man and justly entitled to mention among the enterprising and progressive citizens of the community in which he lives. No one who knows him will question his unsullied integrity, his unselfish devotion to duty or lesirel pri imi >te by every means at his command the good of the public, ma- terially and morally. Unpretentious, he has lived so as to make his fellow men better, while his agreeable manners and amiable dis- ;ition have won for him in a marked de- gree the confidence and esteem of his fel- low citizens of Leesburg and country ad- jacent thereto. Mr. Wright is a Democrat in politics, having supported the principles and d trines of that party ever since old enough to 51 a ballot. While not a member of any church, he has a religious observance of truth, a righteous hatred of wrong and a warm sympathy for mankind, lie respects ecclesiastical organizations for the g 1 in- fluence they exert in winning man to a better plan of living, but has little regard for the many theological theories which divide the world into so many contending religious factions. He is a well-informed man, with am entive memory, everything which he reads being stored in a mind which has en well disciplined b; much thoughl and ervatii >n. Mr. Wright is an ardent and earnest ad- \ icate of temperance. He has never been under the influence of any kind of intoxi- cants and believes the drink habit to be the \ il of the day. 1 lis private ' character have been tree from of any description and his reputation as an honorable, upright man is and always has I een such : the respect of his" fel- low men. In addition to his regular busi- ness he has charge of the express office at Leesburg. His high -landing is such that the company requires no bond from him, al- though he handles much valuable merchan- dise, while thousands of dollars every year pass through his hands. Mr. and .Mrs. Wright are the parents of live children : Mary E., born October 7. -,. is the wife of Henry Matthews, of Turkey Creek township: Dora E. was born in the year [867 and died in July. 1 SS 1 : \\ illiam D., who was born in June. 1869, married Ella K. Cadey and lives in the township of Turkey Creek: Ida E. married E. E. St rely, a hardware merchant of Syra- cuse: Norman, born June 31, [878, is still with his parents. Mrs. Wright is a lady of many estimable traits, popular with all who know her and for some ye, been an active worker in the Baptist church of Lees- bure. WILLIAM II. CLAY. Prominent among the enterprising farm- ers and worthy citizens of Plain township is William 1 1. Clay, who as a civilian has long been identified with the material growth and de\ eli ipmenl of i me 1 if the best parts of K< ■-- ciusko count\. and as a soldier in a war that tested the stability of the American institu- tions and decided once and for all that a .eminent of the and by the peo- ple and for the people should not perish from the earth." is entitled to the honor and »ec1 which all loyal people should accord their country's heroes and defenders. 1 'ri 'in reliable informatii that the Clay pei »ple « iriginated in Germany. Just COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 611 when the first representatives left the father- land and settled in Pennsylvania cannot be ascertained, as too many years have elapsed since that time to make mere oral statements of much authentic value. It is known that the subject's ancestors left Pennsylvania a long time ago and migrated to Stark county when that part of Ohio was still in posses- sion of the original inhabitants of the land. The subject's grandfather purchased from the government a tract of land in that part of the state and was a typical representative of the strong and fearless pioneer class who took their lives into their own hands and penetrated the dense wilderness, infested with wild beasts and painted savages, for the purpose of making homes for themselves and their pi isterity. John Clay, father of William H., was born in Pennsylvania and was young when the family moved to the new home in Ohio. When he grew to manhood be married Susan Smith, who bore him children as fol- lows: William H.. John A., Jane M., Jef- ferson 1.. Francis, Alice and Hiram, all liv- ing, the subject being the only member of the family in Kosciusko county. William H. Clay was born on the old family homestead in Stark county, Ohio, on New Vear's day, 1840. He grew up on the farm and experienced the hard work which usually falls to the lot of a country lad. His early educational privileges appear to have been somewhat meager, but after attaining his majority he made up in some degree for this deficiency by attending school taught by a very accomplished instructor. His early life was without incident and it was not until the dark and sinister war cloud spread over the country that its monotony was broken. Realizing that the duty of every true American able to bear arms pointed with unerring fingers to the South- land, where the rebellion was rasing- in all its fury, Mr. Clay, on the nth of August. 1862. enlisted in Company A, Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, this being his third attempt to enter the army. Plis command was attached to Grant's army in Tennessee and it was m it long after his enlistment un- til he received his baptism of fire on the bloody field of Stone River. Subsequently he shared the fortunes and vicissitudes of his comrades in a number of campaigns and engagements, notably among which were Chickamauga. Missionary Ridge, Lookout Mountain, and nearly all the battles around Atlanta, Franklin and Nashville, besides numerous minor engagements and skir- mishes, in all of which he bore himself with the bravery becoming a loyal and enthusi- astic defender of the nation's honor. Mr. Clay was several times wounded, but not seriously, and was discharged at the expira- tion of his period of enlistment. November, 1865, at once returning to his home in Stark county, Ohio. On February 6, 1866, Mr. Clay entered into the marriage relation with Miss-Isa- belle Sanderson, a native of the Buckeye state, born of English parentage. After fol- lowing agricultural pursuits in Ohio until 1872 he disposed of his interests there and came to Kosciusko county, Indiana, settling in Plain township on a tract of woodland, which he has since cleared and developed into a good farm. Mr. Clay has labored diligently, lived well and is now^the owner of a tine home and a sufficiency of the comforts of life to render any anxiety about the future unnec- essary. He is indebted to nobody but him- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. self for his present competency and knows that every dollar in his possession has been earned honestly and by honorable mean-. He stands well with his neighbors and fel low citizens, is respected by all with whom lie i- acquainted and has long been recog- nized as a gentleman of probity and unim- peachable character. He has never been a speculator, but contents himself with the steady and sure gains which come as the legitimate result of industry and well-di- rected efforts. In his political affiliations Mr. Clay is a Republican and a- such is well posted upon the issues of the day. hut he has little taste .ir inclination for the distractions of active itics. lie is a plain, unassuming man of the people, a respectable representative of the large and influential class that in a quiet way mould public opinion and give stability to tiie state. Air. and Mrs. (.'lay are mem- bers of the Christian church, believing" earnestly in it- plain, simple teachings and mplifying its greal cardinal truths in lives devi ited to G »d's service and u > the up- lifting of humanity, lie has been clerk of the Leesburg congregation for a numbei years and i- also a member id" it- board of trustees. Fraternally he i- an Odd bellow. having] II the chairs in the local lodge to which he belongs, besides representing it in different sessions of the grand lodge. .Mr. and Mrs. (.day have seven children, four sons and three daughters, namely: Austin II. is married and live- in Plain township; Ida I'., is the wife of (diaries !•".. Ilickir.au and lives in the -late of Kansas; e W .. who i- a married man. resides in Warsaw; Elmer I... also married, is farmer of Harrison township; Eva married Anson Borkert, of Prairie township, this county: Rosa J., who is now Mr-. Howard Iv. Goodman, lives on the old farm with her father; Bernard, the youngest, is single and has newer left the parental home. SAMSON JACKSON NORTH. ddie man whose history i- given below i- of direct English descent. Three broth- ers i f the North family in England came to America early in the nineteenth century, one settling in New England, one in Pennsyl- vania, and one. Hiomas, in Virginia. Later the latter came to Pickaway county, Ohio, where in [805 hi- son Joseph was The latter grew to manhi married Sarah Russell, of Fairfield county, Ohio, and to them wa- born, near Marysville. (Jni( m count;., .her 31 1, 1835, uK ' subject of this ski - mson Jackson North. When the subject was six years old his parents moved to a farm in Delaware coun- io, and in his sixteenth year they trav- eled overland to Iowa, but in less than a year started hack to < Hiio, reaching Milford in the spring, but a.- the road- were break- ing the} could arther. Joseph rented a farm and settled there, vvhi con- tinued to live, renting and farming, until he retired from active work on account of advanced age. Politically he was a strong and decided Jacks ian I temocrat, hut never fell nor de-ire 1 a public place. llis la-t years were spe t with his son Samson, lie died June S. 1885, at the age of eighty, hav- ing outlived his wife twenty-three years, h'er death occurring in [862. Samson grew u farm, remaining COMPEXDIL'M OF BIOGRAPHY 613 with his parents until he was twenty-one. He was educated in the common schools and was particularly fortunate in having good teachers. He himself became a teacher at the age of eighteen, teaching the first school of the district, in a schoolhouse built in the w< "ids near where Nappanee now is, in Kos- ciusko county. He continued to teach in the winter and worked on the farm in the sum- mer, improving his spare hours while teach- ing by reading law, this industrious appli- cation gaining for him admittance to the liar early in 1861. About the middle of the summer of 1862 the call reached this county for more soldiers to aid in the suppression of the Rebellion and Samson was one of the first to respond. On July 29 he began to raise a company, Lieutenant Timothy Loehr having commenced to recruit in the count}', and Milford was made the central recruiting point. At the election of officers, August t8th, Samson North was made cap- tain of Company F, Seventy-fourth Indi- ana Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Chapman. Richard H. Hall, one of Sam- son's former teachers, enlisted in the same company, was made orderly, later became lieutenant and was killed at Chickamauga. Samson served throughout the war, remain- ing in command of the company until they were mustered out in June, 1865. During the entire service he was absent from his company but sixty days and then was in the hospital with typhoid fever. He was a faithful soldier, seeing much hard service, and has numerous proofs of many narrow escapes. He was wounded in the first battle, but the effect was not permanent. He was once knocked breathless by a spent bad striking him in the stomach. His sabre and scabbard are scarred and misshapen by bullets and the holes in his belt strap and the sleeves of his coat testify to his presence in the thickest of the light. He was in the battles of Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, in all of the Atlanta campaign and at Jonesboro. The company lost heavily at Chickamauga because its position was one of the most holly contested of the whole war. He was in charge of a foraging party of twenty-eight men selected from four regi- ments for the march to the sea, but rejoined his company at the sea and remained with Sherman to the close of the war. He marched to Washington and took part in the grand review in that city. Upon returning from the war Mr. North resumed his law practice at Milford and, being qualified to practice in all courts, he has devoted his full time and energies to the interests of his clients. In political belief he was a Democrat, following the example of his father, until 1882. Since 1884 he has been a Prohibitionist, taking an active part in conventions, making speeches during campaigns and giving his help and influence to all kinds of temperance work. As a man interested in public improvement he has not been idle. He assisted in securing the right of way tor the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, was related to the locating of the Michigan division of the Big Four and took part in the making of a ditch six miles long from Leesburg to Turkey creek, which drained land a mile in either direction. In addition to this line of improvement he has purchased other lands and has brought four hundred and eighty acres to a condition of fertility, increasing its worth from five dollars to fi its- dollars per acre. About thirteen acres of this tract is devoted to onion prowing;. Mr. North was married August 14, 614 ■QMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 1862. before going to the war, to Miss Mary A. Egbert, of Milford, daughter of John and Abigail Egbert. She was born near Jonesville, Michigan, but was reared at Mil- 1 where her father kept hotel for several years, and ever since she was a child she has lived in the same block in Milford, remain- ing in charge of her husband's interests dur- ing the war. She was a member of the Bap- tist church a1 the time of her marriage, but wishing to he in the same church with her husband she transferred her membership to the Methodist church. of which he lias b a member since 1879, and is now a trustee of the local church. Mr. and Mrs. North have two children living. Clara !'».. wife of Robert L. Ruley, of Milford, and Mary L. North, an art dent, now the wife of Frank Q. Wagner. of Chicago, an employe of the [llinois Cen- Railroad. Clara was a school teacher before her marriage, also a music teacher. She has live children. Robert M.. Agnes L.. Bertha Elizabeth, Mary }. and Birtney lacks' in. rOHN F. II WT.Y. This gentleman, a native of Indiana and of Swiss descent, has resided on his eighty- acre farm in Scott township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, since November, 1SS1. and has won for himself a fine reputation as a farmer and citizen. He was born in Elk- hart county November 1. 1854. His father. Abraham Haney, was born August [6, [826, and his wife, April 29, [831. They « i in -Switzerland in [851, and came to America in [852, landing in New irk city in April. From New York they went to Columbiana county. Ohio, but the same year came to Indiana and for a few- months lived in Whitley county. In [853 they removed to Elkhart county, and in in came to Kosciusko county and. resided in Jeffei ntil [884, when they removed to Marshall county, where the deatli of the father occurred October 15. [897. The mother still resides in Marshall county, greatly venerated by all her neigh- bors. These parents had a family of nine children, namely : Jacob A., born April 21, [853; John F., November 1. 1854; Cathar- ine, January 10, 1 S57 : William. April 9, [859; Anna M.. December 2, [860; Daniel. September 30, [864; died August 31, [898; Peter and Edward, twins, born July 29, [866, Edward dying in infancy, and Eman- uel I'... born August 24, 1872. John F. Haney was reared a farmer and )• working on the home farm until twelve years old, hired out until his eighteenth yi as a farm laborer, in the meanwhile faith- fully turning over his earnings to his par- ents, lie then continued to work on his own account as a monthly laborer until [881, when he purchased a part of his present farm, and later bought the remaining part, ami iverted the whole into one of the most productive farms of its dimensions hi the n iwnship. The marriage of Mr. Haney took place in Kosciusko county, October 23, t88i, Mis- Mary L. Summe. who was born in Stark county. Ohio. July 29, i860, and is a daughter of Samuel and Catherine 1 Roug Summe. Her parents were among the early pioneers of Kosciusko county, Indiana, but now reside in Franklin township, about four alf uuK'- northeasl of Akron. Fulton mtv, Indiana. They have a family of ten COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 615 children, born in the following" order: Mary L., Amos, Leonard, Malinda J. (deceased), Frederick, Franklin. Alva and Alta ( twins ), and Elmer. The union of John F. and Mary L. Haney has been crowned by the birth of two children, viz: Elsie O., born January 12, 18S7, and Iven F., born November 8, 1893, both now, attending school. In poli- tics Air. Haney is a Democrat, but has never been an office seeker. Mr. Haney has sixty-five acres of his farm under an excellent state of cultivation and all under fence. Fie has placed upon it all the improvements, which compare favor- ably with others in the neighborhood, and has been quite successful in all his under- takings. ♦-•-* ISAAC SHEXEMAN. One of the most progressive agricultur- ists of Scott township, Kosciusko county. Indiana, although not one of the most exten- sive, is Isaac Sheneman, whose farm pre- sents to the eye of the passer-by every indi- cation of being under the control of an ex- perienced and skillful manager. Mr. Shene- man was born in Holmes county, Ohio, March 22, 1842, and is the ninth of the twelve children born to Frederick and Eliza- beth (Fredline) Sheneman, who were born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania. There their marriage took place, and they later migrated to Holmes county, Ohio, where they resided until i860, when they came to Indiana and settled in St. Joseph county, there passing the remainder of their lives. Their twelve children we're named, in order of birth, as follows : Mary, George, David, Jacob, Joseph, Henry, Frederick. Moses, Isaac, John. Samuel and Zachariah. Isaac Sheneman came to Indiana with his parents in i860. He had been reared on a farm and as a farmer has met with a sat- isfactory returns. In 1800, in'Elkhart coun- ty, he married Miss Mary Cripe, but this lady was called away in 1870, and Mr. Sheneman next married, in February, 1872, Mrs. Lucy A. Brubaker, widow of Joel Bru- baker and daughter of John B. and Sarah Neff. In 187 1 Mr. Sheneman settled in Kosciusko county, and came in possession of a farm through his wife, and immediately after marriage ti w ik possession of his prem- ises and started housekeeping, his amiable helpmate having- ever since made it one of the happiest homes in the township. By neither marriage has Mr. Sheneman been blessed with children. Air. and Airs. Shenefnan are members of the German Baptist church and do all in their power to advance its work of evangel- ism, contributing freely of their means also towards its temporal maintenance. They have lived in consonance with its doctrines, and have gained an enviable reputation among their neighbors and many warm- hearted friends f< ir their personal good qualities. Air. Sheneman's compact farm of eighty acres is a model in itself, all, with the ex- ception of fourteen acres, being in a state ; of excellent cultivation ami improved with , all necessary buildings to make farm life de- sirable and, under his experienced manage- ment, decidedly profitable. In politics Air. Sheneman affiliates with the Republican party, which he. actively aids on all occasions, but never has sought re- 6i6 COMPEXIML'M OF BIOGRAPHY. compense in the way of seeking public office. He has in his possession a valuable relic in the shape of an old parchment deed, dated September _•. [839, and bearing the signa- ture of President Martin Van Buren. THOMAS J. ROHRER. Among the successful fanners and self- made men of Kosciusko count) the subject of this sketch occupies a conspicuous place. lie is a native of Indiana and son of John and Catherine Ann 1 LJnrue) Rohrer, the Ea ther born in Preble county, < Hiio, September 3, [826, and the mother in the same st; February 18, 1827. When six years John Rohrer was brought to Elkhart county and has spent his life since thai time on the place which he cleared and developed in his young m.mh 1. His wife, whose maiden name was Catherine \nn (Jnrue, has borne him ten children whose names and dates of births and other facts connected with tl respective histories are as Follows: \ 1 l Francis M. was born October 1. [849; he took for his wife Marj Brothers and is the lather of two children. Romaine and one that died in infancy; he is a carpenter by trade and lives in the city of Goshen, Indi- ana. 1 _• ) William W\, a carriage painter working at his trade at New Paris, Elkhart county, was horn May 7. 1N51. and married ra Elsworth. 1 3 ) Rebecca A., born February 15. 1853, ' s tne widow of the late 1). W. Peoples, who was killed some years ago by a railroad locomotive; not seeing rapidly approaching train, he drove to the track and was struck by the engine and thrown nearly one hundred and eighty feet, his bodv being mangled almost beyond 1 ognition. Mrs. Peoples is the mother of these children. Nellie, Melvin. Clara, Maude, Blanch and Zoe. 141 James M. and (5) Thomas R. are twins, their births occurring on the qth day of October, 1855. James married Phcebe Johnson and has a family of children. Cart, Irvin. Ernest and Hazel; he Eormerl) a carpenter, but of recent years has devoted his attention to farming. (6) Sarah A. was horn February i<>. [858, and died March 31, [859. (7) Mary E. born January J4. i860, is the wife of I leurv Ybtter, a shoemaker of Union Mills, this state. (8) John M. was horn February 28, r862, married Linnie Harper and has two children, Ruth and (den \ 1; he is a farm- er of Elkhart county. (9) Emma, wife of Melvin Sheline, was horn August 5, [864 and has children as follows : ( roldie, Gladys ! Gordon. ( 101 Ira. a manufacturer of tents and awnings at Boise City, Idaho, is ,1 single man. horn January _>. [867. John Rohrer. the father, cleared about one hundred acres of land by his own labor and is now a farmer of Elkhart county. an extensive raiser of live stock, devoting greater part of his attention to the latter. lie is a prosperous man and prominent citi- zen of his community. In politics he i- a stanch supporter of the Republican party, in religion a member of the Allbright church: Ins u ife is a Metlx idist. Thomas J. Rohrer first saw the light of day on the family homestead in Elkhart county and grew to manhood with a practi- cal understanding of what is meant by hon- il and frugal thrift. His educational discipline, acquired in the common schools, has been effectually supplemented bj a thor- ough training in active life and today he is an intelligent, well-rounded man. fully quali- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 6i 7 fied f< ir the usages and experiences which the world brings to individuals of his physi- cal and mental stamp. Like a dutiful son lie rendered valuable assistance to his father until his twenty-sixth year, when he left In ime and entered upon his own career as a farmer. October 10, 1882, was the day when Thomas J. Rohrer and Miss Delia, daughter of George and Mary (Davison) Adams, were united in the bonds of holy wedlock, a union blessed with the following children : Otto Lee, born January 17, 1884; George E., horn May 28, 1887; Lura A., September 1, 1889: Raymond D. and Ruba M., twins, whose births took place on the 1st day of April. ild eight} - acres of land in Elkhart county which he then owned and invested the pro- ceeds in his present home, consisting of one hundred and eighty and a half acres. Nine- ty acres of Mr. Rohrer's farm is in cultiva- tion, the balance being valuable timber land from which in due time he expects to realize a respectable sum of money. The neat and thrifty appearance of the place, the good fences, substantial buildings and other evi- dences of prosperity attest the interest Mr. Rohrer has manifested in his work and man- agement, the farm and everything it con- tains bespeaking the presence of a scientific and up-to-date agriculturist. In the fields may be seen a herd of full-blooded short- horn cattle, among the best in the county, a large drove of line swine, in addition to which there are from eight to ten valuable Norman horses well adapted to heavy draft work and general farming purposes. Mr. Rohrer has met with well-merited sue:- ss as a raiser of stock and grain, and he also gives considerable attention to the usual vegetable crops and fruits, without which no farm is complete. Like his father, Mr. Rohrer is an un- compromising adherent to the Republican party and takes pains to keep himself fully informed upon state and national legislation and the great issues which to a large degree shape and control the destiny of the country. Fraternally he holds membership with Camp No. 6373, Modern Woodmen of America, at Milford, aside from which he is not identified with any benevolent or relig- ious organization. Mr. Rohrer is decidedb a self-made man. having accumulated the ample fortune which he now' enjoys by hard and long-continued toil, assisted by his faith- ful wife, who has been his active colaborer and wise counsellor ever since the two started upon life's journey together. They are highly esteemed by their neighbors and Friends and in every respect have shown themselves worthy the respect in which they are held. Mr. Rohrer is a good man and true and it is to such as he that the county of Kosciusko is larg'ely indebted for its wonderful advancement along agricultural, industrial and other lines. HENRY J. BERGER. One of the most thoroughly practical and successful agriculturists of Scott town- ship. Kosciusko count}-. Indiana, is Henry 6i8 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. I. Berger, who was born in Marshall count) April 24, 1850. His parents, Henry and Sophia (Zimmer) Berger, were respectively born in Germany July 1. [814, and Decem- ber -'4. 1823. They came to the United tes with their parents in 1832 and were reared chiefly in Ohio, but subsequently came to Indiana and were married in M shall county in .May. 1843, alUT which evenl the) settled on a farm near Bremen, on which they resided until [886, when they re- tired to the village; there the father died April 9, [899, and there the mother still has her residence. Eleven children were born to these parents and were named in order of I mli. as fi illow - : ( Catharine, Sophia I ceased I, Henry J., Jacob, < ieorge, Elizabeth, .Matilda. Charles, John ('.. and two who die 1 in infancy unnamed. Henry J. Berger was born on a farm and was reared as a farmer, which has been the business of his whole life; and judging from hi- success, 1 ther calling would Letter have suited him. lie was educated in the sch n '1- of his home district and filially aided on the home farm until his twenty- fourth year. October 2, [873, he married. in .Marshall county, Miss Margaret Knob- lock, a daughter of Frederick and Elizabeth (Laudanum) Knoblock, and to this union was born one child, Sarah E., new deceased. .Mr-. Margaret Berger passed away, her ah taking place March 9, 1 S75. and as his second choice for a life partner Mr. Ber ger led tn the marriage altar. January 9, [879, Miss Mary Ringgenberg, who was born in Marshall county. April 27, [853, d is a daughter of Christian and Catherine 1 Burgener) Ringgenberg. The latter were among Marshall county's early settlers, and were the parents of thirteen children, eleven id whom they named, in order of birth, as follows: Christian. John, Catherine. Klixa^ beth, .Mary. Lydia, Jacob, Peter, Loui 1 ami Samuel: two died in infancy un- named. In April, 1876, Mr. Berger purchased hi- present farm in Scott township, Kosci- usko count}, on which he settled immediate- ly after his marriage. Of the one hundred and six acres which this farm comprises Mr. Berger has placed about eighty acre- u cultivation, all of which he ha- fenced in. lie I11- erected also a comfortable dwelling and comm< "lions outhi >uses on the place, and now has as pleasant a home as there is in the township. Here, on an income-produc- ing farm, in company with his wife and eight children, he is passing the happ) hours away, contented with his lot in life and com- placent in the happiness of his children, who are named Ervin E., Stella S.. Laura I... Ada S., Milton H.. Minnie 1'... Rosa M. and M. .Mr. Berger is a Republican in his politi- cal views, and religiously he and wife are members of the Evangelical Association. To the latter they are liberal contributors financially and are conscientious in follow- ing it- teachings. They maintain a high position socially and their influence is ever exerted for the moral and material advance- ment of their neighbors and fellow -citizens. J \COB HEPL1-.K. This enterprising and well-to-do farmer was horn on the farm which he still occu- pies in section 12, Scott town-hip. Koscius- ko county, Indiana. October [8, 1S42, and COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 619 is a son of David C. and Magdalena (Yaul- ky) Hepler, of whom mention is also made in the biographical notice of an elder brother, Samuel C. Jacob Hepler is the sixth child in a fam- ily of eight children, was born on a farm and was educated in a common school. Until he reached his twenty-seventh year he re- sided on the home place, assisting his father in its cultivation, but was married February 18, 1864, to Miss Nancy X. More, also a na- tive of Kosciusko county and a daughter of William and Anna More, early settlers. After ceasing to work for his father, Jacob and his brother Isaac purchased the old homestead, which they divided, Jacob taking' the north one hundred and forty- seven acres and forty acres in Scott town- ship, and Isaac the south part. In 1877, J&cob erected! a handsome dwelling, in which he has since resided. He also built a fine bank barn, 40x70 feet, in 1883, and all other necessary i lutbuildings. Mrs. Nancy N. Hepler was called away March 6, 1877, leaving seven children, namely: Mary, Daniel, Rosa A., Mar- garet E., William, Albert A. and Nancy. • November 4, 1877, Mr. Hepler led to the marriage altar Miss Amelia A. Rose, who was horn in Cambria county. Pennsylvania, March 23. 1850, a daughter of Joseph J. and Elizabeth (Arters) Rose, natives of the same state and horn respectively in 1830 and 1825. They were married in Cambria coun- ty, Pennsylvania, and came to Kosciusko count v, Indiana, in 1804, but remained here a short time only and then went to Elkhart county. There they resided two years and then came back to Kosciusko county, where the mother died September 28, 1883. The father now resides in Nappanee, Elkhart 38 county. Mr. and Mrs. Rose had a family of eight children, viz : Catherine, Amelia A., Rachel, Mary. Emanuel, Israel, Joseph K. and one that died in infancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Hepler has been born one son, Irvin. Mr. and Mrs. Hepler are consistent mem- bers of the Lutheran church and have so lived as to win the respect of the entire com- munity, to whom they have endeared them- selves by their many amiable personal quali- ties and kindly acts. Mr. Hepler may well he classed as a pioneer, having lived in this county over half a century. Mr. Hepler is a Democrat in politics and at present he is a member of the advisory board. He has in his possession an old parchment deed, executed during the admin- istration of President Van Buren. JAMES E. HOLLAR. Devoting his energies to agriculture, the subject of this sketch enjoys distinctive pres- tige as one of the most enterprising fanners in the county of Kosciusko. He is one of the largest land owners in Jefferson town- ship and in point of general improvements, especially in the matter of buildings, his place is not excelled by any farm in this part of the country. Mr. Hollar came to Indiana with hut a limited amount of capital. With a liberal endowment of self reliance, a clear brain, a strong will and a determined pur- pose, he overcome the many discouraging circumstances which marked his arrival, re- moved the numerous obstacles from his pathway, gradually forged to the front and in the course of time found himself in pos"- session of the ample fortune which he today enjoys. 620 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. Mr. Hollar's people were among the early German inhabitants of Virginia. His father, Alexander Hollar, was bom in that state, as was also his mother, Eva Price. After their marriage these parents settled in the county of Shenandoah, where they spent the remainder of their days on a farm. the father being one of the well-known citi- zens of the community where he lived. Their eight children were named as follows: Amos. Sarah. Harvey, Joseph, James E., Levi. Silas and ( teorge W. James E. Hollar, to a brief review of whose life the reader's attention is now re- spectfully invited, was horn on the home place in Shenandoah county. March 9, 185 1. He was fortunate in having favorable sur- roundings during his childh 1 and youth, the farm being situated in a beautiful and healthful locality and the labor required of him being suitable to his years and strength. He received his rlrst educational training in a subscription school taught in a building which his father erected upon his own farm at his own expense, there being no house in the neighborhood especially designed for public school purposes. Realizing the need of better schools than the indifferent ones that had been formerly taught at divers places in the community. Mr. Hollar put up the above building primarily for the educa- tion of hi- own children and secondly for the children of any of his neighbors who saw lit to scmkI their children to it for instruc- tion. He also procured the services of a competent teacher and the work done in the little school house on the Hollar farm gave an impetus to the cause of education in that locality, which subsequently led the people to take greater interest in the intellectual de- velopment of their children. Young James attended school of winter seasons until nine- teen years of age, -pending the rest of the time in the fields at such work a- is required on a Virginian farm. When nineteen he en- tered upon an apprenticeship to learn car- ] entr) and in this engaged about six months at a monthly remuneration of >ix dollars. Being naturally skilled in the use of tools, be soon acquired much more than ordinary efficienc) as a workman, and after receiving instruction for the above length of time he was sufficiently advanced in the trade to un- dertake building upon his own responsibil- ity. In the spring of 1S70 he left home and started into the world to make his own liv- ing and if possible acquire something more than a mere existence, as he was determined to achieve success if it lay within his power so to do. Like the majority of young men. beset up his goal in the west and with little means at his command started afoot upon his journey in which there was no deviation or break until he reached Licking county. Ohio, where he stopped temporarily to earn a little money, doing a job of clearing for a farmer. After working two weeks and re- ceiving his pay. the young pedestrian pro- ceeded on the journey until he came to a lit- tle village by the name of Melmore, in the county of Seneca, where he hired to one Samuel 1 '.rooks, a local carpenter, in whose employ he continued about one year. At the expiration of that time he entered into a partnership with that gentleman and until 1873 worked in several parts of Seneca county, the meanwhile adding to his reputa- tion as an architect and builder. Having accumulated about five hundred dollars at his trade. Mr. Hollar in the above year came to Kosciusko county. Indiana, and not long after his arrival went in partnership with his brother Joseph, for the purpose ol purchasing a tract of land in Jefferson town- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 621 ship. The land was all in the woods and the two brothers at once proceeded to clear and develop it, a work which he prosecuted very industriously and with most encouraging results. At the end of one year Mr. Hollar again turned his attention to his trade as there was then a great demand in Kosciusko county for experienced carpenters. He erected a number of buildings of various kinds in different parts of Jefferson and other townships and when thus engaged continued to clear his land and add to its improvements. During the fourteen years following he divided his time between car- pentering and agriculture, meanwhile, with the assistance of his brother, extending the ■area of cultivable land until the farm ranked with the best 4 improved and most valuable in the township of Jefferson. At the ex- piration of the fourteen years he quit his trade and devoted all of his time to agricult- ural pursuits, which he prosecuted with such energy and success as won for him the repu- tation of one of the most enterprising and progressive farmers in the community. Sub- sequently he purchased a saw-mill and en- gaged in the manufacture of lumber, about the same time investing considerable money in a tile factory, which proved a very for- tunate enterprise. Mr. Hollar operated the saw-mill with much success about seven years, and then again took up agriculture. The second year after coming to this coun- ty the farm was divided, Joseph taking the west half of the farm and James the east. While partners their relations were most amicable and 'being men of much more than ordinary judgment and thrift, their success was commensurate with the energy dis- played in their various undertakings. After the property was divided James E. made other and greater improvements on his farm, among which was the large and elegant brick residence erected in 1889 at a cost of several thousand dollars. He also added to his real estate from time to time until his place contained four hundred and forty-nine acres, its present area. This is one of the model farms of Jefferson township and there are few if any in the county that are better improved or represent a greater value per acre. Mr. Hollar is a progressive agricult- urist and prosecutes his work upon quite an extensive scale. He is also an excellent judge of fine stock and in connection with general farming devotes considerable time to cattle, hogs and horses, in the raising and selling of which he has been quite success- ful. As a man and citizen Mr. Hollar is high- ly esteemed, standing for all legitimate pub- lic improvements and taking an active inter- est in the material development of his town- ship and county. He takes large and liberal views of life, there being nothing narrow or bigoted in his nature, and keeps himself well informed upon the leading topics of the day. He is one of the intelligent, broad-minded men of his neighborhood and has always en- deavored to use his influence so as to make wiser and better the people of the commun- ity in which he lives. Mr. Hollar is a married man and the fa- ther of ten children. His wife, formerly Miss Elizabeth Price, daughter of Samuel and Rachel (Hulvy) Price, was born in Ohio, March 14, 1854, and the ceremony which changed her name to the one she now bears was solemnized on the 17th day of April. 1874. The following are the names of the children constituting the family of Mr. and Mrs. Hollar, together with the birth 622 C0MPEXD1UM OP BIOGRAPHY. of each; Samuel A., April 5, 1875; William H., November [3, [876; Eva A.. March- 13, [878; James E., September 29, 1879; George W., June i_\ 1881; John E., Au- gust 30, iNNj; Grover C, December 15. [884. died August ..'3. 1899: Hnos E., Oc- tober 11. 1886; Charles M., March 24, [888; and Amos R., March 4. 1892. Mr. Hollar is a Democrat in politics, while fra- ternally he is a member of Lodge No. 418, F. & \. M., and Lodge No. 478, 1. O. < >. F., both at Milford, Indiana. Mrs. Hollar is a member of the German Baptist church. JOSEPH HOLLAR. Prominent among the successful farmers and representative men of Jefferson town- ship is Joseph Hollar, a Virginian by birth and an Indiana man by adoption. His par- ents, Alexander and Eva (Price) Hollar, were natives of the Old Dominion state and descendants "i" early pioneer German set- tlers. He lived in Shenandoah county, where the father acquired local repute as a farmer and citizen. He was one of the prominent men of his community, took a leading part in public affairs, especially in the matter of education, of which he was an ardent friend and liberal supporter. By reference to the sketch of James E. Hollar, a brother of the subject of this review, it will he learned that Alexander Hollar at his own expense erected a house for school pur- poses upon his land, furnished it with the necessary appliances and fuel and then se- cured the services of a teacher who opened a school for the accommodation of the chil- dren 1 if the neighb irh< » id. Joseph Hollar was horn in the county of Shenandoah. June 23. [849, and spent the years of his childh 1 and youth 1 in the fam- ily homestead. He received his education in the school taught on his father's farm and until nineteen years old contributed his time and energies to the family support. When about nim-teen he engaged with George W. Smootz to learn the millwright's trade at a monthly compensation of eight dollars for the first year. His services proving valu- able, his wages were increased at the end of one year to twelve dollars per month and he continued with his employer until 1870. In April of that year, in company with his brother, lames [•;. Hollar, he started on fool to make his fortune in the West and the two proceeded on their way t < ■ Licking county, Ohio, where they received employment for a limited period with a framer. After work- ing two weeks clearing, chopping w 1. splitting rails, etc.. they took a train for Tiffin, Ohio, whence they proceeded to the town of Melmore, Seneca county, where an uncle by the name of Jacob I 'rice was living. Shortly after reaching the home of his re- lation Joseph went to work for a farmer in the neighborhood at twenty dollars per month and at the expiration of the second month invested his wages, amounting to forty dollars, in a set of carpenter's tools. With these he began working with William Little and Samuel Brooks, well-known local builders, and. although without previous ex- perience other than as a millwright, he was paid the sum of one dollar and a half per day for his services. After continuing with those gentlemen a short time he started out for himself and SOOri found work with other parties at better wages. He continued car- pentry in Seneca at two dollars per day until 1873, in 1 lecemher of which year he and his COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY 623 brother came to Kosciusko county-, Indiana, and invested their combined capital in a tract of wood land lying in Jefferson town- ship, the same on which he has ever since lived. After purchasing their land the two brothers returned to Ohio for the purpose of settling' up their business affairs, this done they came back in January, 1874, and began the work of clearing a farm and laying the foundation of their future homes. The two brothers continued as partners in farming and carpentering and later saw-milling and the manufacture of drain tile until Septem- ber, 1874, when they divided their interests and each took possession of his half of the land. Joseph took the western part of the place and has since bent all his energies to its improvement. In October following the division of the property he built a substan- tial dwelling' and since that time other buildings have been erected and a gen- eral system of improvements inaugurated and carried to successful completion ; his farm is now classed with the best and most valuable in Jefferson township. In 1893 he replaced his first residence with a fine mod- ern brick edifice, beautiful in design, hand- somely furnished and finished with the lat- est conveniences which make the house wife's lot an enviable and desirable one. His is one of the most attractive and rural bomes in the county of Kosciusko, as he has spared neither pains nor expense to make it a dwelling place for a farmer who believes in progress and improvement, as well as in the nobility of his chosen calling-. The farm, which contains one hundred and sixty acres, is well fenced and drained and every acre devoted to agricultural purposes has been developed to its full productive capacity. Mr. Hollar, like his brother, not only farms extensively, hut adds very materially to his income by raising and selling live stock. He keeps on his farm quite a number of fine cattle and hogs, and also pays considerable attention to horses, but does not make a busi- ness of raising the latter for the market. Mr. Hollar's life has been quiet and un- eventful, at the same time productive of good todiis fellow man. He attends strictly to his own affairs, although interested in the growth and development of the community, and his name is usually connected with all enterprises for the common good. He is a man of unswerving integrity and keen judgment of men and things, and his pur- poses once formed are generally carried out to the letter. All who know him speak in the highest terms of his standing as a neigh- bor, friend and citizen and it is a compli- ment worthily bestowed to class him with the representative, self-made men of his adopted township and county. Mr. Hollar and Miss Eva Tusing, daugh- ter of Nicholas and Catherine (Biller) Tusing, natives of Virginia, were united in marriage on the nth day of October. 1874. Mrs. Hollar was born October 26, 1849, m Shenandoah count}', Virginia, and has pre- sented her husband nine children, Alexan- der X.. Charles L., George W., Viola M., Cora I., Irving J., Loren A., Clarence V. and Fremont C, all living but the two daughters. Viola and Cora. JOHN MARQUART. George Marquart, the father of the sub- ject of this review, was one of the sturdy, industrious citizens which Germany has con- tributed to the United States. He belongs 624 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. to that large and eminently respectable class of foreigners that became loyal supporters of American institutions and by their in- dustry and enterprise did so much to pro- mote the material development of our coun- try. George Marquart married in the fatherland Miss Mary A. Kurtz and about the year [833 left his native sin ires and came to the New World. He first settled in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, whither many of his countrymen had preceded him. and after living there about three years changed his abode t" Stark county, Ohio. He made his home in the latter state until 1854, at which time he came to Kosciusko countw Indiana, and settled on a farm in Jefferson township, which his son. the sub- ject of this sketch, now owns and cultivates. lie resumed his labors as tiller of the soil and after a long and useful life he bade adieu to earth and earthly things and en- tered another and a happier state of exist- ence: he died in 1X71). his wife preceding him to the other world by about nine years. Of tlie live children born to George and Mary A. Marquart. the subject is the only one living; the others were Christian. Eliza- beth, a twin sister of John, George and Mary C. John Marquart was horn in Lancaster count). Pennsylvania, February 10. 1839, the same year which witnessed his parents' removal to Stark county, Ohio, lie spent fifteen years of his life in the latter county and state, meantime attending at intervals the country school and assisting his father •with the labors of the farm. In [854 he ac- companied the family to the county of Kos ciusko and from that time until attaining his majority did his full share in clearing and cultivating the home place and con- tributing to tlie support of his parents. brothers and sisters. He was reared to agri- cultural pursuits and after coming to letter- s' hi t< .\\ nship diil not leave the parental r< m if. hut continued to look after the farm and his father's interests until the latter's death. His brothers and sisters dying, the place fell to him and lie has since cultivated it with success and financial profit, until it is now one of the best improved and most valuable farms in the township of Jefferson. Mr. Marquart has added to the original place and now owns two hundred and sixty acres of fine land, admirably situated in one of the richest agricultural districts of tlie county, two hundred acres being in culti- vation, the remainder heavily wooded with fine timber. Mr. Marquart has led a Aery active and industrious life, from his boyhood knowing little by practical experience of the meaning of idleness. He helieves in earning hread by the sweat of the brow and. fully realizing the true dignity of honest toil, has bent his en- ergies in the direction of providing com- fortably for himself and family and making the world better by his presence. As a farm- er there are none lietter. and as a man he combines within himself the sterling quali- ties of head and heart which makes the use- ful neighbor, the steadfast, faithful friend and the enterprising, energetic citizen. He is well known among the people of this and other parts of the county as a quite, unas- suming man. honest and upright in all of his dealings, ever ready to lend a helping hand to a friend .and fulfilling to the bt his ability all requirements expected of a citizen of a great and enlightened common- wealth. He is one of the financially strong and reliable men of his community, being COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 025 the possessor of a competence sufficiently ample to enable him to spend the remainder of his days in plenty and content. Mr. Marquart was married in this coun- ty April 22, 1873, to Mi ss Elizabeth Oster, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Sarr- bruck I ( )ster, the union resulting" in eight children, namely: Mary A., Emma E. (de- ceased), Malinda (deceased). Matilda, Emanuel (deceased), George. John (de- ceased ) and Clara. By reference to this list of children it will be seen that the hand of affliction has been laid heavily upon the lives of Mr. and Mrs. Marquart. Like a refining tire, the visitations of the death angel may he blessing's in disguise. To the unbeliever, such dispensations of Providence are but clouds of midnight darkness with not a ray to dissipate the intensity of the gloom: to those who look upon this life as a prepara- tion for a higher and holier state, they are among the afflictions that tend to work out "a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory". Mr. Marquart is a Democrat in politics, and in religion a Lutheran, while his wife belongs to the Evangelical Associa- tion. DAVID K. MILLER. The family of which the subject of this review is an honored representative is of German lineage and dates its history in America from a very early period. The first of the Millers to come from Germany to the United States were three brothers, one of whom, David, was the great-grandfather of David K. Among his children was Mich- ael C. Miller, the subject's grandfather, who in a very earlv day settled in Mont- gomery county, Ohio, where he purchased land and became a prosperous tiller of the soil. He was twice married and reared perhaps the largest family in the county of .Montgomery, the two wives bearing him twenty-two children. The oldest son was John C. Miller, whose birth occurred Octo- ber 15, 1807. He was reared a farmer and followed that vocation all of his life, first in Montgomery county. Ohio, and later in the county of Darke, where he entered a tract of land about seven miles northeast of the city of Greenville. He married in the former county Miss Gertrude Krider. who was born November 15. 181 5. and it was shortly- after taking to himself a wife that he moved to the farm in Darke county on which he spent the remainder of his life. Mrs. Miller died August 29, 1887, after bearing her hus- band twelve children, namely: Michael K., Aaron K., David K., Sarah. Mary, Moses, Noah, Daniel, Fannie. Catherine and two that died in infancy unnamed. John C. Miller departed this life on the 2nd day of September, 1891. David K. Miller, whose name introduces this sketch, was born in Darke county. Ohio, May 22, 183d. He learned his first lessons of practical life on the farm as soon as old enough to do manual labor and in such schools as the country afforded received a fair English education. Reared to agricul- tural pursuits, he decided to make farming his life work and with little exception his attention has been devoted to tilling the soil ever since leaving- his parental home: the ex- ception referred to was a limited experience in operating a saw-mill and several years spent at the carpenter's trade. Mr. Miller was married in Darke county. Ohio. November 18, i860, to Miss Magda- 626 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. leria Wise, whose birth occurred in tin- same county "ii the 20th day of December, 1840. Her parents, Jacob and Christena (Shope) Wise, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, re- spectively, were married in the latter state and sometime thereafter moved from -Miami county to the county of I >arke. where the father died April 28, 1877. in his sixty- seventh year. The mother subsequently went to live with one of her daughters in Preble county, where her death occurred on the 25th of April. [898. Jacob and Chris- tena Wise were the parents of twelve cliil- dern whose names are as follows: Benja- min, Isaac. Magdalene, Moses, Barbara, Sarah. Fannie, Jacob, Aaron, Samuel, Noah and Nancy. In February following his marriage Air. Miller dispi »sed 1 >f his interests in ( )hii 1 and moved to Kosciusko county. Indiana, pur- chasing the place in Jefferson township upon which he has since lived. I le found the land covered with heavy timber, thickly in- terspersed with underbrush and no improve ments of any kind in the way of a habita- tion or other buildings. With a resolute purpose he began the task of clearing the land, an undertaking requiring a vasl amount of hard work, and in due time the cl of 1 1 i ^ labor began to be visible. He developed from the green and prepared for tillage the larger portion of the place, be- sides erecting a comfortable dwelling and other buildings which temporarily answered the purpose for which intended. Subse quently more substantial structures were built, the area of cleared land was increased and a system of drainage inaugurated by mean-- of which a large part of the place originally covered with swamps and swales was reclaimed and made tillable. This part oi the farm is now far more fertile and pro- ductive than the timbered portion ami repre- sents a greater value per acre than most land by which the farm is surrounded. Indeed it may be said that the Miller farm yields to no other in the county in productive capac- ity, and acre for acre it is perhaps worth as much as the most valuable farm lands in northern Indiana. Much credit is due Mr. Miller for the work he has done in developing what was formerly considered an undesirable tract of wet land and transforming it from its wild state into one of the most beautiful rural homes within the geographic limits of Jef- ferson township. All of the modern me- chanical appliances and implements calcu- lated to make the pursuit of agriculture an easy and agreeable vocation are employed by Mr. Miller, while his dwelling is supplied with the conveniences and comforts which lighten the good housewife's cares and make her lot much less burdensome than that of any others not so fortunately situated. Mr. Miller's place consists of one hundred ami sixty acre-, the greater part under cul- tivation. Although he has reserved a suf- ficiency of timber to answeT all practical purpose-, of fuel and lumber, he has prose- cuted his farming systematically and by well directed industry and judicious man- agement has succeeded in acquiring suffi- cient means to enable him from now on to rest from toil and enjoy some of the results of his labors. He is one of the leading citizens of his community and enjoys in a marked degree the esteem of his neighbors and friends throughout the township of Jef- ferson. His career has been eminently honorable and all who know him speak in high terms of his man) sterling qualities COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 627 and characteristics, not the least of which are invincible courage to do the right, un- compromising integrity and a large faith in God and his fellow man. He is a deeply religious man and fails not to ascribe to his Maker the many blessings which have at- tended him through life. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are devout mem- bers of the German Baptist church. They have been active in the good work of the local congregation to which they belong, be- sides aiding to promote all charitable and benevolent enterprises whereby the deserv- ing poor and unfortunae may be benefited. Their family consists of twelve children and not the least of their blessings is the fact that death has not crossed their threshold to claim a victim from any of these manly sons and womanly daughters ; the names and births of the children are as follows: Isaac. August 24. 1861 : Catherine, Febru- ary 13, 1863; Jacob, December 26, 1864; John, November 13, 1866: Jane, July 4, 1868; Noah, September 5, 1870; Daniel, January 8, 1877; Sarah, June 8, 1879; Ida November 6. 1S81. and Mary, January 17, 1884. JOHN W. WHITEHEAD. The subject of this sketch is one of the progressive farmers and enterprising citi- zens of Jefferson township, where he has made his home for a number of years, being closely associated with its development and welfare. He is a thorough practical agri- culturist and a man of business, and, like the great majority of successful men, has been the architect of his own fortunes. His fidelity to his duties has never been neglected in acting his part as a worthy son of the great American commonwealth. The Whitehead family is of German-Scotch- Irish extraction, the subject's ancestors being among the early settlers of Pennsyl- vania and Virginia. Valentine Whitehead, grandfather of John W,. was a Pennsvl- vanian by birth, but in an early day went to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he lived the life of a pioneer. He was the father of eleven children, viz: Valentine, David, Adam, Samuel, John, Peter, Lewis, Mar- garet, Elizabeth, Susan and Mary. The seventh of the above children, Lewis, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, January 25, 1818. He spent his youthful years amid the stirring scenes of the pioneer period, became a farmer and about the year 1837 was united in marriage to Rebecca Wagner, whose birth occurred in the county of Montgomery in the month of March, 18 17. Mrs. Whitehead was the daughter of Jacob Wagner, one of the first white men to penetrate the wilderness of what is now Preble county and a bold and daring pioneer of the time in which he lived. Lewis Whitehead remained in his native state and settled in Jackson township, Elk- hart county, where he purchased land and cleared a good farm, the place being about a half mile west of the village of New Paris. There the wife and mother died on the 5th of March, 1893; subsequently Mr. White- head sold his farm and made his home with his children until his death, which occurred January 16, 1896. He was a man of excel- lent parts, popular with the people among whom he lived and enjoyed an enviable reputation as a citizen. He served as trus- tee of his township a number of years and was a leading member of the German Bap- 628 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. tist church, the plain simple teachings of which lie exemplified in a life devoted to the service of God ami to the bettering of the condition of his fellow men. He was suc- cessful in the accumulation of worldly wealth, hut that was by no means the stand- ard by which he measured the success of any man. In his estimation the individual who entertained noble aims ami lived up to them to the best of his ability achieved true suc- cess, regardless of the value of his earthly estate. Twelve children were horn to Lewis and Rebecca Whitehead: Cather- ine. John \\\. William. Susan. Mary Ann, Valentine, Elizabeth, Hester. Jane. Lewis M., Jacob and Ellen, the majority of whom grew to years of maturity and became use- ful in their spheres of life. John W. Whitehead, the second child and eldest son of this worthy old couple, was born while the family lived in Mont- gomery county. Ohio, July 28, [839. He was hut an infant when his parents moved to the new home in Elkhart county. Indiana, and his early years were spent amid the routine of farm labor, the winter seasons being devoted to the duties of the school room, lie received a fair education and when old enough to start upon an independ- ent career, decided to become a farmer, a resolution which he has since carried out with most gratifying pecuniar} results. He remained at home assisting his father to clear and devolop the farm until his twenty- third year, at which time he chose a lite partner in the person of Miss Catherine E. Brumbaugh, to whom he was united in the hoi) bonds of wedlock on the [6th daj January. 1862, the marriage being cele brated in Jefferson township. Kosciusko count v. Mrs. Whitehead is a native of the county of Kosciusko, born January 1. 1843. the daughter of Jacob ami Susan 1 Bowser) Brumbaugh, who were among the earliest pioneers of Jefferson township. For a short time after the marriage Mr. Whitehead lived with his father-in-law. hut in the spring of iNoj rented land in Van Buren township, where he continued the pursuit of agriculture until taking charge of the Brumbaugh farm, two years later. He made his home on this place until 1873, when he purchased and moved on a farm in Jefferson township on which he now resides, and which he has developed from a forest to its present prosperous condition. With Mr. Whitehead, industry and consecutive effort have been the touch-stones of success and today he ranks with the most progres- sive and well-to-do farmers of the commun- ity in which he lives. He has spared no pains or reasonable expense in making his home a model one and the condition of his buildings and other improvements, and the well-cultivated fields, attest he labor and care which he has expended ujxhi them. Hi^ residence is an imposing brick structure of beautiful design, surrounded by a well- kept yard, in which are trees that yield fruit and grateful shade, the whole presenting an attractive appearance and impressing the passerbj as the dwelling- place of a man of taste and progressive ideas. As a farmer he plans his work with care, prosecutes it with great industry ami seldom fails to real- ize large returns from the bountiful har- vests which he every year garners. He has erected good harns and other buildings in keeping therewith, pays much attention to mdition of his live stock and ma: his work and business according to the most s\ stematic methods. COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 629- Xot as a farmer only has Mr. 'Whitehead become widely and popularly known throughout the township of Jefferson, but as a public-spirited, enterprising man of the people, he has long taken a leading part in promoting the material development of the country and advertising its advantages to the world. Possessing business abilities of a high order and discriminating judgment, the people of his township have several times called him to fill positions of respon- sibility and trust. In 1887 he was elected trustee of Jefferson township, the duties of which he discharged worthily for one term, and in the fall of 1900 he was appointed to the same office to fill a vacancy caused by the death of John Mfitchel. At the expira- tion of this term of service, he was triumph- antly elected his own successor. In his last election, partisan politics cut no figure as he was the almost unanimous choice of his constituents, running on what was known as the People's ticket. His last incumbency covered a period of five years, which with the time he had formerly served made a total of eight years in one of the most responsible and important local offices within the gift of the people. Mr. White- head's administration proved eminently satisfactory to all concerned, as he proved a most capable and faithful official, exceed- ingly careful in looking after the people's in- terests and conservative in the matter of pub- lic expenditures. He never was known to act in an arbitrary spirit, but always took counsel of the wisest of his fellow citizens. Guided by this and his own better judg- ment, he devoted his energies to the good of the public and the results of his able man- agement of affairs are now seen in many substantial improvements and the splendid credit for which the township of Jefferson is noted. When a young man, Mr. Whitehead united with the German Baptist church and has ever since continued a faithful and con- sistent member, devout in his daily life and active in the affairs of the local congrega- tion to which he belongs. For a period of twenty years he has held the important office of deacon, in which capacity he has been instrumental in strengthening the church numerically and making its presence a potent factor for good in the community. He is a recognized leader among his coreligion- ists, many of whom look to him for advice, his opinions and counsel always carrying weight and conviction. In the sphere of private citizenship the subject of this sketch has long been an influ- ential member of the body politic. He reads much', is well informed upon the great polit- ical and international questions of the day and uses his influence in behalf of the man or measure which he considers right, regard- less of party ties or personal friendships. In his community he is universally esteemed and no man in Jefferson township enjoys a larger measure of public confidence. In brief, he is a representative of the best type of intelligent, progressive American man- hood, a devout Christian, a citizen without pretense and an upright, honorable gentle- man in every relation of life. Mrs. Whitehead had been her husband's colaborer and counsellor and her advice and judgment have been influential in no small degree in bringing about the success which is now his. She is also an earnest, pious member of the same church with which he is identified and her influence has had great weight in forming the characters and shap- •630 COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY ing the destinies of the children with which she has been blessed. Mr. and .Mrs. White- head have had three children, the oldest of whom, Mary E.. was called to the better life at the tender age of two years; the other two are Tazewell D., who married Yida V. Groves and lives in Kosciusko county, and Chine, wife of < (mar F. Groves, who is also a resident of Kosciusko county. GE< >U(,H \Y. HOLLAR. The subject of this sketch is regarded as one of the public-spirited citizens of Jeffer- township and as a farmer and stock dealer ranks with the leading men -of the community in which he lives. He is a younger brother of Joseph and James E. Hollar, whose biographies appear elsewhere ami has hcen an honored resident of Kos- ciusko county since the year 1879. George W. Hollar dates his birth from the 1 ith of September, [858, and he first saw the light of day on the family homestead in the historic county of Shenandoah. Vir- ginia. When a lad he attended school taught in a building on his father's farm and 1 training thus received was afterwards supplemented by a course in the graded school- of Edinburg, Virginia, where in ad- dition to completing the common branches he obtained a knowledge of some of the more advanced ■studies. When old enough he was put to work on the farm and then be came inured to life's practical duties, learn- ing the lessons of industry and economy and developing a strength of character which has served well as a foundation for his 11< >ws : Jesse J., William H., VaJlie Y., Lillie M. and George W., all liv- ing but the first born. Shortly after his marriage Mr. Hollar purchased forty acres in section 16, Jeffer- son township, on which he erected a house and then set to work to clear and otherwise develop his farm. He prosecuted his labors industriously and successfully and in a few- years had the greater portion of his land in cultivation. Subsequently he bought forty acres adjoining the original purchase, the two tracts constituting the present area of his farm. In 1898 he moved his dwelling to the second forty and about the same time, or perhaps a little later, erected a fine barn, one of the best buildings of the kind in the neighborhood. His other outbuildings are comparatively new and in first-class repair and on every part of the farm a spirit of prosperity obtains. Mr. Hollar's experience as a mechanic has been the means of de- veloping good taste and minute attention to details, both of which are plainly apparent in all the buildings and other improvements on his place as well as in the inviting appear- ance of his dwelling and its attractive sur- roundings. The home is substantial and comfortable in all of its appointments and impresses the passerby as the dwelling place of an enterprising and thrifty family. Air. Hollar has seventy oi his eighty acres in cultivation, while the entire farm is enclosed with strung fences of the latest and most approved design. He prosecutes his labors systematically, manages his affairs with judgment and caution and, as stated in the initial paragraph, occupies a conspicuous place among the most enterprising and suc- cessful Jefferson township farmers. In ad- dition to tilling the soil, he deals quite exten- sively in live stock, in which his success has. been of the most satisfactory character. Mr. Hollar began buying stock in 1900 for the Iffert brothers, of Elkhart county, and has. continued in their employ ever since, his operations taking him over all parts of Kos- ciusko county and into several other coun- ties of northern Indiana. He is a fine judge- of all kinds of live stock, exercises discreet judgment in his business transactions and probably has brought and shipped more cat- tle and hogs since he engaged with the above- firm than any other man in this part of the state. In financial matters he is easily the peer of any of his fellow citizens, his experi- ence in buying and selling giving his opin- ions weight and causing his ideas to receive due consideration. He has sound business. qualifications and decision of character,, which, with other meritorious characteris- tics, have won for him an enviable standing among the leading business men of his town- ship and county. Mr. Hollar sprang from sturdy moral ancestors and he has endeavored to shape- bis life according to the correct principles that were instilled into his mind when a. youth under his father's care. He and his. brothers have done much for the material welfare of the community in which they live and the example of each is worthy of imita- tion. P. G. FERMIER, M. D. Although a comparatively recent arrival in Leesburg, having located here in 1894, Dr. Fermier has already taken a prominent: 632 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. place among the leading and influential citi- zens of the county of Kosciusko and has won much mere than local distinction in the line of his profession, lie is numbered among the native sons of the commonwealth of In- diana, born in Dearborn county on the -'nil day of September, [866. His father. Dr. P. ( 1. Fermier, was born in Germany and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth F.hler. \\a^ a native of the United State-. but of German descent. Originally the Fer- mier- were French Huguenots. To escape the cruel persecution to which that faithful and devoted people were subjected, the sub- ject's great-grandfather many year- ago tied from France with a number of his co-re- ligionists and took refuge in Germany, where he reared a family and spent the re- mainder i if his da) s. Dr. P. d. Fermier. the subject's father, after receiving a classical education, took up the study of medicine in his native country and later was graduated from the medical department of Munich and Heidelberg Uni- versities. These are considered the finest medical schools in Germany, if not in the world, and while prosecuting his studies therein Dr. Fermier was under the direction of some of the most distinguished professors of the age. In the year 1041; he came to the United State- and located in Mansfield, Ohio, where he had an office next door to the law office of the late Hon. John Sher- man, one of the leading statesmen of Amer- ica. After practicing his profession in the above city for some time, the Doctor changed his location to Dearborn county. Indiana, where he carried on a large and lu- crative practice for a period of forty-five years. He became widely and favorably known among the most learned and success- ful men of the state of Indiana. He mar- ried in the County of Dearborn, reared a fam- ily of seven children and departed this life in 1897, his wife dying the same year. The children are briefly mentioned a- follow-: Effie, the first born of his children, married Aaron Keller and lives in Dearborn coun- ty; Cordelia, the next in order of birth, also lives in Dearborn and is unmarried; P. G., the subject of thi- review, i- the third of the family; George, deceased, was an ensign in the Pacific squadron during the late Span- ish-American war ami was with Admiral Dewey at Manila: Emile J., a -ingle man. is master mechanic at La Fayette, he has a line technical education, having attended differ- ent college- and institutes and ha- rapidly risen to distinction in his chosen calling; Alma is a teacher in the public schools of Dearborn county, making a specialty of kindergarden work; Richard, the youngest, i- a married man at the present time, en- gaged in the undertaking business 111 the city 1 »f Chicago. When a youth the subject of this sketch enjoyed the advantages of the public schools of his native county, after which he took a select course in the Northern Indiana Nor- mal College at Valparaiso He attended that well-known and popular institution from [883 to [885 inclusive, and after com- pleting the prescribed course taught for six years in the public schools, meanwhile pro-. CUting his medical -tudies at intervals under the efficient instruction of hi- father. In 1892 lie entered the Indiana Medical Col- lege. Indianapolis, where he continued four years in patient study and laborious re- search, graduating with a creditable record in i8<>4. In looking around for a favorable loca- COMPEXDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 633 tn ni. Dr. Fermier decided to begin his pro- fessional labors at Leesburg; accordingly just one month after his graduation he opened an office here, swinging his shingle in the breeze and announced himself a can- didate for a portion of the public patronage. His reputation as an exceedingly well- learned and capable physician soon won for him a lucrative practice and from the date of his arrival to the present time he has steadilv come to the front and now occupies a prominent place among his professional brethren of Kosciusko county. His business has increased very largely, his practice tak- ing a wide range, and among his patients are many of the leading people of the town and surrounding country all of whom are lavish in their praise of his efficiency and skill as a physician and surgeon. Dr. Fermier's ability to trace the devious paths of disease throughout the human sys- tem and to remove its effects is widely rec- ognized and a mind well disciplined by se- vere professional training and strengthened by the salutary counsels of a father who was second to none of his compeers in medical science, together with a natural aptitude for close investigation and critical research, have peculiarly fitted him for the noble call- ing in which he is engaged, and thus far his career has been all and more than his most sanguine friends predicted. He is a careful reader of the best professional literature and keeps himself in touch with the age in the latest discoveries pertaining to the healing art. These qualities of mind and heart that do not pertain to the mere knowledge of medical science, but greatly enhance the true worth of the family physician, are not wanting in him. He possesses the tact and happy faculty of inspiring confidence on the part of his patients and their friends and in the sick room his genial presence and conscious ability to cope successfully with disease under treatment are factors that ha\ e contributed much to the env'able standing which he has attained. He is a member of the county, state and American medical as- sociations, holds the office of secretary to the board of health of Leesburg, and at the pres- ent time is local medical examiner for the Xew York Life, .Mutual Life and Equitable Life Insurance companies. He also holds similar positions with the Modern Woodmen of America, the Maccabees and Knights of Pythias fraternities at Leesburg and his du- ties have been discharged in such a manner as to win the praise, not only of the local membership, but of the authorities of the several societies as well. Dr. Fermier is a married man. his wife being formerly Miss Lula May Rowley, of Indianapolis. She is an accomplished stenog- rapher and typewriter and has held several very lucrative positions in the capital city and elsewhere. He first met her while prosecuting his professional studies in In- dianapolis and the marriage which followed the acquaintance was solemnized on the 20th day of June. 1895. Additional to the fraternal orders already mentioned, the Doctor is a member of the Masonic brotherh 1. belonging to Lees- buro- Loclgre No. 181, in which he is now serving as senior warden. Politically he is a Republican; with no ambition to excel in anything but his profession, he devotes com- paratively little time to matters political, preferring to use the best of his energies and powers to the noble work of ministering to suffering humanity. The Doctor is a be- liever in revealed religion and a deep student 634 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. of the holy scriptures. He subscribes t formulated creed or articles of faith outside the word of God, taking the latter alone as his only rule of faith and practice. He holds membership with the First Christian church of Warsaw, a- does also his wife, both be- ing recognized as among the most valued members of that congregation. JOHX REED. John Reed, one of the must enter- prising and prosperous farmers of Scott township, Kosciusko county. Indiana, and an ex-soldier, is a native of Ashland county. Ohio, and was horn October 28, 184.2. Ills parents, Charles M. and Eliza- beth (Harper) Reed, natives of Pennsyl- vania, were both young when their parents migrated from the Keystone state to the Buckeye state. They were married in Ash- land county. Ohio, and thence, in [844, brought their little family to Indiana and located in DeKalb county. The total num- ber of children that crowned their union, all. with one exception, born in Indiana, was ten. namely: William H., Jacob, Eliza J.. Charles M., Rebecca •'... Mary. John (sub- ject 1. Joseph S., Daniel and Nancy E. John Reed, whose name opens this re- view, was reared on the home farm and farming has been his life vocatii in. His edu- cation was acquired in the old school-house situated in the neighborh 1 in which his parents settled after coming to Indiana, and lie remained until his twenty-second year at the home of his parents, who had settled in Elkhart county in the spring of 1861. same year the Civil war hurst forth, and for nearly three years Mr. Reed pined with longing heart to join the patriotic host of volunteers who rose in their might to crush the nefarious rebellion. At last the oppor- tunity came, and November 5, [864, he en- listed in Company I). Thirteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until September 5, 1805. when he was honor- al\ discharged at Goldsboro, North Ca lina, and returned to his home in Elkhart county. August 8, 18(17. ^' r - Reed was united in marriage, in Elkhart county, with .Miss Har- riet R. Huldread, who was born in Ohio November 5, 1849, ;m '' ' s a daughter of Frederick and Rosanna 1 Bowers) Huldread. who came from t ttiio in 1850 and settled in Elkhart county. Indiana. In the autumn of the year of his marriage .Mr. Reed settled on a farm of forty acres in Jefferson township, Kosciusko county, which land he had pur- chased a _\ear previousl) for the small sum of four hundred and tift\ dollars. This land he cleared up. improved and resided :m until he had an opportunity of disposing of it for one thousand, six hundred dollars, when he sold it and bought a farm of eighty-eight and one-half acres in Scott township for three thousand one hundred dollars, upon which he removed and resided until 1N81. when he settled on his present farm of one hundred and twenty acres, for which he paid three thousand two hundred dollars. This is now one of die best-tilled, best-stocked and best-improved farms in Kosciusko coun- ty, and Mr. Reed is recognized as one of the enterprising agriculturists of his township. To the marriage of Mr. Reed with Miss 1 [uldread have been b< irn six children, in the following order: Joseph \C, November 6. 1868; Ellzina I'... September 21, 1872; Rosa COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 635 I!.. August 6, 1878; Amy M., November 19, 1880; Albert C, January 30. 1884, and Laurence M., April 22, 1891. Fraternally, Mr. Reed is a member of Xappanee Lodge No. 566, F. & A. M., and Burlen Post No. 402, < i. A. R.. of Nap- panee. He has all through life maintained a character of the strictest integrity and no family in Scott township is more highly re- spected than his. Mr. Reed has in his pos- session an old parchment deed which was executed during the administration of Presi- dent Martin Van Buren and bears the dace of August 10, 1837. REUBEN BYRER. The agriculturists of Scott township, Kosciusko county, Indiana, are generally men of thrift, but no farmer in this favored locality has merited greater praise in this re- gard than Reuben Byrer, who has made a perfect success of all his undertakings as a cultivator of the soil. He is a native of Stark county, Ohio, and a son of Albert and Rosanna (Burket) Byrer, who were born in Pennsylvania and were of German descent. Albert Byrer had his nativity on the 26th day of February, 1813, and his wife w : as born January 3, 1826. From Pennsylvania they migrated to Ohio in an early day and first located in Stark county, whence they removed to Summit county, and in 1865 came to Kosciusko county, Indiana. Here Mrs. Rosanna Byrer passed away March 22, 1875, and Albert Byrer, February 5, 1889. Their eleven children were born in the fol- lowing order: Margaret A., March 28, 1844; Edward J., July 10, 1845; Louisa (deceased), May 21, 1847; Sarah J. (de- ceased), May 14, 1850; Lydia. June 9, [852; Almira, October 29. 1854; Reuben (of this biography), September 21, 1856; Jeremiah, October 7, 1859; Linens O., July 5, 1862; Jonathan A., March 2^, 1865, and Peter W, October 16, 1868. Reuben Byrer came to Kosciusko county with his parents in 1805 and was here reared to manhood. I lis education was acquired in the common schools ami in the normal schools of Warsaw and Pierceton, and in 1877 he began teaching, a vocation he fol- lowed seventeen consecutive years in Kos- ciusko county, seventeen terms in one dis- trict, a fact indicative in itself of his supe- rior qualifications as an instructor and of the favor in which he stood with his patrons. The marriage of Reuben Byrer was cele- brated in Marshall county, Indiana, Septem- ber 9, 1883, with Miss Emma E. Ringgen- berg, who was born in Kosciusko county, October 7, 1863, and is a daughter of John and Mary A. (Berger) Ringgenberg, early- settlers of Kosciusko county, but now prom- inent residents of Bremen, Marshall county, and the parents of fourteen children name- ly : Peter, Sarah, Lydia, all deceased; Peter (second) ; Sarah, Caroline, Lucetta, Dan- iel, Ella, also deceased ; Emme E. ; John H. ; Edward S., deceased; Susannah E. and Clara V. In 1890 Mr. Byrer purchased his present farm of eighty-six acres and in 1895 erected his buildings and moved upon the place. He has now sixty-five acres in a fine state of cultivation and has made his farm one of the most profitable in the township. To Mr. and Airs. Byrer have been born five children, namely: Dorcy G., April 26, 1885; Dora E., September 13, 1886; Eben R., July 24, 1888, died December 2^, 1892; 39 6 3 6 COMPENDIUM OP BIOGRAPHY. Floyd \V.. April 10, 1890; Harvey J., De- cember 23, 1894. Mr. and .Mrs. Byrer are members of the Evangelical church, have lived fully up to its doctrines, and no family in the township enjoy or more deservedly have gained the high esteem in winch Mr. Byrer' s family is held by the people of Scott township. In politics the subject affiliates with the Republican party. SAMUEL C. HEPLER. Scott township. Kosciusko county, In- diana, has within its precincts no more de- serving resident than Samuel C. Hepler, who is what is usually designated a "self-made" man, or, in other words, a man who, through his own efforts and good management, has made his own fortune. Scott township is Mr. Hepler's place of nativity, his birth having here taken place February 26, 1841. His parents, David C. and Magdalena I Vaulky ) Hepler, were born in Pennsyl- vana and were of German descent. David t , was horn in [8ll and when a mere boy was brought from the Keystone state by his parent-, who settled in Stark county. ( Alio, where he grew to manhood, lie married Magdalena Yaulky, who was born in 1807 and was ,1 young girl when taken to ( Hlio by her parents. On marrying, Mr. Hepler first located on a farm in Stark county, on which he lived until about [838, when he came to Koscius- ko county, Indiana, and entered land which he improved and resided upon until called from earth. At the time of his coming here the country was a wilderness and he had to hew a way through the forest for many miles to reach his prospective farm, but he suc- ceeded after much hard labor in making himself and family a first-class home of two hundred acres. To David C. and Magda- lena Hepler were horn eight children, name- ly: Elizabeth, Daniel (deceased), John. David (deceased I. Samuel C, Jacob, and Isaac and Hiram (deceased). The parents of thi- family are also now deceased, the mother having died in 1S70 and the father in 1880. Samuel C Hepler has passed his entire life in farming, and his only education was acquired in the old-fashioned log school- house of his childhood. He assisted his par- ents on the home place during the summer season, all through his schools days, and afterwards aided them throughout the year until about twenty-seven years old. May 1 J, 1870, Mr. Hepler united in mar- riage, in Kosciusko county, to Miss Aman- da C Britton. who was born in Holmes county. Ohio, April jj. tS4_». the only child of Lewis and Druscilla (Stiffler) Brit- ton. The father of Mrs. Hepler died at a comparatively early age, and Mrs. Britton was next married to Jacob Wyman, and by him became the mother of five children, viz: Henry, George, Rachel, Michael .and Am- brose. At his marriage Mr. Hepler began house- keeping on rented land, which he occupied two years, and then, in the spring of [873, purchased and settled upon the farm he now occupies. At that time this farm was im- proved with only a few log structures, such as were necessary to make it habitable, but Mr. Hepler has converted it into one of the besl farms of its dimensions in Scott town- ship. It comprises one hundred acres, of which Mr. Hepler has placed under cultiva- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 637 tii >n ninety-two. It is all fenced, and the old log shanties have been replaced with a fine modern, two-Story frame dwelling", a sub- stantial barn and all necessary outbuildings. To the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hep- ler eight children have come to brighten the home, namely: Urene, born February 27, 1871 ; George, January 7. 1873; Salome. October 24. 1874; Charles. April 1, 1876; Magdalena, May 22, [878; Marion, Janu- ary 23, 1880; Francis, October 10, 1881, and Henry. April 23, 1SK5. Mr. and Mrs. Hep- ler are members of the Lutheran church, to tbe support of which they liberally contrib- ute financially and the teachings of which they implicitly follow. By their consistent and upright walk through life they have won the unfeigned respect of their neighbors and tbe untiring labor of Mr. Hepler, with its accompanying reward, has been a matter of general congratulation among his many friends. Mr. Hepler is a Democrat in poli- tics. He possesses a parchment sheepskin deet], executed July 1, [845, and bearing the signature of President James K. Polk. S. HEPLER. The subject of this sketch is a native of Ohio, born in Stark count)', November 3, 1831. His parents were Samuel S. and Mary M. ( Frick ) Hepler, both born in Pennsylvania, tbe father April 17. [806, and and the mother on the 14th day of March, 1805. They were early settlers of Stark county and lived there until 1840, at which time tbev came to Kosciusko county. Indi- ana, settling in Scott township, where they spent the remainder of their days, the mother dying June 23, 1873. and the father January 22, 1889. Samuel and Mary Hepler bad ten children, namely: Sarah, Joseph, Hannah, Catherine. George, Solomon, Mary, Eliza- beth, Lucinda and Samuel, of whom Joseph, Solomon and Samuel are living. Solomon Hepler was a lad nine years old when his parents came to Kosciusko county and from that time to the present he has spent his life within its limits. He was reared to agricultural pursuits and has al- wavs followed farming for a livelihood, meeting with success in his chosen vocation. When twenty-one years of age he began life for himself, entering forty acres of land in Jefferson township. Subsequently Mr. Hep- ler purchased an additional forty acres of his father, and being now in a fair condition to make more substantial headway in the world he took to himself a wife in the person of Miss Margaret Bortz, the ceremony being solemnized on the 4th day of March, 1852. Mrs. Hepler was born in Stark count) - . Ohio, November 2^. [834. After bis marriage Mr. Hepler moved to his farm in Jefferson township and continued to reside on the same until 1900, when he retired from active life and changed his resi- dence to the town of Milford, where he now lives. He was a progressive farmer, made manv valuable improvements on his place and earned tbe reputation of an honest, in- dustrious, upright citizen whose integrity was unassailable and whose word was as good as his bond. He owns one hundred and sixty-one acres of as fine land as the county of Kosciusko contains and bis home in Milford is one of the beautiful and attrac- tive private dwellings in tbe town. By dili- gent attention to his business affairs he has placed himself in independent circumstances 638 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. and is now enjoying si >me i if the fruits i >\ his in a life from which all care and anx- iety have been eliminated. He is highly esteemed by a large circle of friends and by his upright course has made himself worthy the respect and confidence of his fellow citi- zens. Mr. and Mrs. Ilcpler are the parents of seven children, whose names are as follows: Catherine (deceased), Mary (deceased). Hannah (deceased), Andrew. John. Eliza- heth and Rosie. The father and mother arc haembers of the Progressive branch of the German Baptist church and the children have been reared in that faith. J. V QU M KI.XIU'SI 1. This substantial farmer and worthy citi- zen has had a varied and interesting career as a business man. successful tiller ol the soil and a traveler, having been the latter at an age when im >st boys are .still at In >me un- der the watchful care of their parents. The Quackenbush family is of German origin, the subject's ancestors coming to America a great many years ago and settling in the state nf New York. Hiram Quackenbush, father of J. V. was born in the Empire state and there grew t" maturity, marrying, when a young man. Cornelia Mowers. By occu- pation he was a tanner and appears to have been successful in his business affairs, accu- mulating a sufficiency of this world's goods tn purchase a good place in his native state, which he cultivated for a number of years. Thinking to better his condition further west, he finally sold his possessions in New York and made a trip by way of canal and the lakes to Chicago, thence to Lake county. Indiana, where he purchased a half section id' land, the place being near the city of Crown Point. This move was made in [84.6 and after living on this land for about three years he moved to St. Joseph county. Mich- igan, where he had previously bought one hundred and twenty acres on the St. Joseph river in what was then known as the Burr Oak opening. J. A. Quackenbush was horn on the old home place in Chenango county, New York, November t6, 1838, and was a lad of eight years when the family moved to Indiana, lie remained with his parents in St. Joseph county. Michigan, until after his mother's death, when he was aboul seventeen years of age, and then left home to face the world anil make his own fortune and carve out his own destiny. Impressed with a desire to see the far west, a land which at that time held out many glittering promises to the young and ambitious, as also the adventur- ous, he made his wav in [86] to Denver, Colorado, where he remained variously em 1 until the spring of the year following. Determined to see more of the great western domain, he proceeded the latter year overland to California, where for the next three years he engaged in farming, teaming and general freighting in which he was quite successful. saving his earnings with scrupulous care. In December, [864, Mr. Quackenbush de- cided to return cast, and taking a steamer from San Francisco, by way of Panama to New York city, and from thence to De- Kalh county. Indiana, where he engaged in mercantile business, at Waterloo City, about two years, lie subsequently effected a co- partnership with his brother, J. A.Wilson, in the marble business at the town of Ligonier, COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 639 Noble county. After following that line of trade for some time, he disposed of his in- terest in the business and obtained a govern- ment license to engage in the broker's busi- ness, buying and selling notes and other papers, and also at the same time buying and shipping grain and produce. This he followed until investing his means in a piece of land in the county of Elkhart. Mov- ing to his farm, Mr. Ouackenbush turned his attention to agricultural pursuits and after living in Elkhart county three years sold his land there and invested the proceeds in the farm on which he now resides in Tippecanoe township, county of Kosciusko. Unlike the majority of men who move from place to place and lose with almost every change of residence, Mr. Quacken- bush was successful in his various enter- prises and made few changes that were not in the end for the better. Since coming to this county he has improved a fine farm, adding greatly t<> the fertility and value of his land, and he is now considered one of the substantial and progressive husbandmen of the community in which he lives. He kni iws how to take advantage of opportuni- ties, as his contact with the world in differ- ent capacities proved of great educational value in developing and strengthening a naturally strong mind, making him not only a close and intelligent observer, but matur- ing his judgment to a very marked degree. Mr. Ouackenbush inherits much of the tenacity and perseverance characteristic of his descent and his industry and manage- ment have been of a very persistent type. He has come in contact with all classes and conditions of men and obtained thereby a large fund of practical knowledge which en- ables him to take views of the world and give proper advice to young men whose his- tory is still in the future. He enjovs the reputation of an honorable man and worthy citizen, capable in his business affairs, con- scientious and upright in all his dealings with his fellows, while his high place in the public esteem has been well earned by correct conduct and right living. Mr. Quackenbush's wife was formerly Miss Helen Mayfield. daughter of Samuel Mayfield, of Xoble county. She bore her husband three children, and departed this life on the nth day of May. 1901. The old- est son. Farmer J., married Myrtle Philpott, and lives in Tippecanoe township. He is a well educated man and for some years past has been one of the county's most successful and popular teachers. He has also studied law ami will ultimately devote his life to that profession. Madge E., born February 5, 1883. is also a teacher in the public schools and has earned a wide reputation for skill and efficiency in her work. Laura R., the youngest, was horn September 28, 1885, and, like the other two, has enjoyed the ad- vantages of superior educational training. Mrs. Ouackenbush was a devoted member of the Christian church and early impressed upon the minds of her children the prin- ciples of religion by which her own life was directed and controlled. Not identified with any church organization himself, Mr. Quackenbush is a believer in revealed re- ligion, and has been a liberal contributor to the church with which his wife was identi- fied. He was made a Mason in [865 and has been an enthusiastic worker in the fraternity since that time, lie formerly held member- ship with Chapter No. 44. R. A. M., in Xoble county, in which, as in the blue lodge, he has held various official positions from 640 COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. time tn time. Politically he is a stanch sup- porter of the Republican party, taking a lively interest in political questions and in campaigns rendering effective service both as a planner and worker in the ranks. Personally Mr. Quackenbush is quiel and unassuming, hut withal genial and compan- ionable, and has many warm friends throughout the county of Kosciusko, lie is to all interests and purposes a self-made man. as he started in life with no capital hut energy and industry and the education ob- tained principally h\ his own efforts, and his career in the main has been successful. WILLIAM HECKM \.\. Deceased. The subject of this memoir was for a number of years an enterprising farmer and popular citizen of Scott township. He was horn in Marshall county. Indiana. May 28, [850, the -on of Jacob and Elizabeth (Shearer) I leckman. natives of Pennsyl- vania and Ohio, respectively. These parents were among the early settlers of Mar-hall count). mo\ ing to that part of the state when the country was new and spending the re- mainder of their days where they originally located. They had a family of eleven chil- dren, namely: John, Sarah, Mary, Samuel, Emanuel, Rachel, Philip, William. Jacob, .Margaret and \ < 1 ; 1 1 1 1 . William I leckman was reared on the homestead in Marshall county, and choosing farming for a vocation, followed the -nine w ith success and financial pr< 'lit t< 1 the end of hi- day.-. Mary Burgner, who became his wife on the 4th of July, [872, was horn in the county of Marshall February [3, 1854. She i- the daughter of John and Christena (Shafer) Burgner. the former a native of Switzerland and the latter of Germany. John and Christena Burgner came to the United States with their respective parents when young and grew to maturity in Ohio, where thev were married a number of years ago. Subsequently they moved to Indiana, in which state the remaining years of their earthly pilgrimage were spent. They reared a large family, consisting of fourteen chil- dren, namely: Henry. Christena. Catherine. Michael. William. Elizabeth, Philip. Will- iam. Mary, John. Peter, Catherine, Charles and Ella. For some time after his marriage Will- iam Heckman followed agricultural pursuits in his native county, leasing land for the purpose, and about five years later changed his residence to the county of Kosciusko, where for a period of about one year he also fanned as a renter, lie then purchased the farm in Scott township where his widow now resides and continued to cultivate the same with a large measure of success until his death, which occurred on the 28th day of Januarj . 1891. Mr. 1 leckman was a prosperous man and a most exemplary citizen. His nature was truthful, and pn iving wi irthy > if trust he w as always trusted with unquestioning reliance. Among his marked characteristics were a clear, intelligent and thoroughly practical judgment, a strong and active will, untiring industry, frugality, and energetic public spirit and a manner genial and kind, which wcin for him the unbounded confidence of all with whom he came in contact. Within the sacred precincts of home, where he had gar- nered up the treasures of the heart, his vir- tues shone with peculiar luster and the life with which he illuminated the domestic cir- COMPENDIUM OF BIOGRAPHY. 641 cle was reflected in all of his relations with his fellow men. He accumulated a liberal share of this world's goods, including a fine farm of one hundred and twenty acres, and left his wife and children in comfortable cir- cumstances. Fur a number of years he had been an earnest and zealous member of the Evangelical Association and cheered by its teachings and sustained by an unfaltering trust in Him who doeth all things well, he fearlessly entered the valley of shadows, as- sured of a welcome on the other side from the Savior whom he had so faithfully served here. To Air. and Mrs. Heckman were born the following children: Rosa E., wife of George Carl, of Nappanee; Anna E., mar- ried Noah Rhinehart and also lives in the town of Nappanee; Lenora, the wife of Edward Hepler, lives on the home farm; Clarence, Ira A. and Loutrella, the last three still under the parental roof.