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ANNALS 
 
 MANCHESTER; 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL, 
 
 %t£t0rical, IPalrftaxtttart, an* Commercial, 
 
 FROM THE EARLIEST .PERIOD 
 
 TO THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1839. 
 
 BY C. H. TIMPERLEY. 
 
 MANCHESTER: 
 BANCKS AND CO., EXCHANGE-STREET. 
 
 1839. 
 
 
BANCKS AND CO. PRINTERS, MANCHESTER. 
 
 '0£ 
 
 &l 
 
 J(0-^ 6oV 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 C0twtg 0f Lancaster. 
 
 Lancashire, the county palatine of Lancaster, is bounded on 
 the north by Cumberland and Westmoreland, on the east by 
 Yorkshire, on the south by Cheshire and the river Mersey, 
 and on the west by the Irish Sea. Its extreme length is 
 seventy-four miles, and its breadth varies from fifteen to forty- 
 four miles. Its surface, according to the trigonometrical sur- 
 vey, contains 1831 square miles, or 1,1/1,840 statute acres, of 
 which 3/0,000 are in a state of tillage, 450,000 in pasturage, and 
 nearly 400,000 in moors, mosses, and woodlands. The county 
 is divided into the six hundreds of Lonsdale, Amounderness, 
 Blackburn, Leyland, Salford, and West Derby. It returns 
 twenty-six members to parliament ; two for each division ; 
 two each for the boroughs of Blackburn, Bolton, Lancaster, 
 Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, and Wigan ; and 
 one each for the boroughs of Ashton, Bury, Clitheroe, Roch- 
 dale, Salford, and Warrington. Population in 1831, 1,336,854. 
 
 Lancashire is in the northern circuit. The assizes were till 
 1835, held at Lancaster alone, but they are now held at Lan- 
 caster for the northern division of the county, comprehending 
 the hundreds of Lonsdale, Amounderness, Blackburn, and 
 Leyland; and at Liverpool for the southern division, consist- 
 ing of the two hundreds of Salford and West Derby. The 
 quarter sessions are held at Lancaster, and by successive 
 adjournments at Preston, Salford, and Liverpool. By the 
 Reform Act the county was divided into two parts for parlia- 
 mentary purposes. The division coincides with that for 
 judicial purposes. The election for the southern division 
 takes place at Newton : the polling-places are Newton, 
 Wigan, Manchester, Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Rochdale. 
 
 Lancashire lies in the ecclesiastical province of York, and 
 in the diocese of Chester, which was separated from that of 
 Lichfield by Henry VIII.; it is divided into the two arch- 
 deaconries of Richmond and Chester, and is included in the 
 northern circuit. The original inhabitants of this part of 
 Britain, according to Ptolemy, seem to have been the Setan- 
 tii, in one manuscript Segantii, and in the Monk of Cirences- 
 
ter Sistunii, supposed to mean the dwellers among; the waters, 
 a tribe of the Brig-antes, who inhabited the country between 
 the rivers Tyne and Humber. It seems to have been subju- 
 gated by Agricola about the year A.D. 79, who soon after 
 established various forts and garrisons , though in the itine- 
 rary of Antoninus, three stations only are mentioned to which 
 Lancashire can claim pretension, Bremen ton aces, Coccium, 
 and Mancunium, yet some others existed at least in a later 
 age. In the division of Britain into six provinces, Lancashire 
 became included in that of Maxima Caesar iensis. The re- 
 mains of the Roman roads are still discernible in various 
 parts of the county. The period when Lancashire was first 
 formed into a county, and when the boundaries of its parishes 
 were marked, cannot be ascertained with any precision. In 
 the survey of Doomsday Book, Lancashire is not described 
 under its proper title, but the two hundreds north of the Rib- 
 ble are included in Yorkshire, and the country between the 
 Ribble and Mersey is inserted under Cheshire. The county- 
 was first made palatinate in the 25th of Edward III. The ex- 
 tent of the duchy must not be confounded with the limits of 
 the county, the former anciently comprising vast estates lying 
 in various parts of the kingdom, the appenage of the duke, 
 possessing its own courts, and governed by it own officers. 
 The county had the good fortune to escape any particular 
 suffering during the wars of the roses ; but in the parliamentary 
 war Lancashire was the seat of various sieges and battles. 
 
 The surface of the county is various , towards the north its 
 features are strongly marked, bold, and picturesque, diversi- 
 fied with alpine mountains, containing some mines of copper 
 and lead, and excellent quarries of blue roofing slate. Along 
 the coast the shore is generally flat. The low lands are com- 
 monly highly fertile, especially the Fylde, having a rich 
 alluvial soil ; the district between the Ribble and the Mersey 
 is a sandy loam, well adapted for cultivation. Near the sea 
 to the north of Liverpool appear the roots and trunks of 
 trees on the sands at low water, probably the remains of an 
 ancient forest, though at present that part of the county is 
 nearly destitute of wood. Lancashire remarkably abounds in 
 those bogs or morasses which bear the provincial name of 
 mosses, their component parts consisting of a spongy soil, 
 formed by the roots of decayed vegetables, intermixed with a 
 sort of rotten mould. To the east of the county, and dividing 
 it from Yorkshire, is the long Appenine ridge of hills, with 
 some propriety called the back-bone of England ; these are 
 moorish, heathy, and rocky, scarcely capable of cultivation; 
 from their great elevation they break the clouds wafted from 
 the Irish Sea, and consequently, though they cause a con- 
 siderable quantity of rain, yet they screen the country from 
 the severe eastern blasts. The climate is rendered milder 
 than those parts of Yorkshire in the same latitude, and snow 
 continues but a short space of time on the ground. The 
 
moist temperature is found not at all uncongenial to health 
 as appears not only from the tables of longevity, but from the 
 vigour and activity of the inhabitants. 
 
 The following carious passage ic found in an old black 
 letter book dated 1602 : "The manners of the inhabitants of 
 Lancashire are similar to those of the neighbouring counties, 
 except that the men always eat with prong forks. The men " 
 are masculine and in general well made ; they ride out and 
 hunt as in most southern parts, but not with that grace, owing 
 to the whip being carried in the left hand. The women are 
 mostly handsome ; their eyes brown, black, hazel, blue, and 
 gray; their noses, if not inclined to the aquiline, are mostly of 
 the Grecian form, which gives a most beautiful archness to 
 the countenance, such indeed as is not easy to be described j 
 their fascinating manners have long procured them the name 
 of the Lancashire witches" 
 Lancashire is a well- watered portion of England ; its prin- 
 Ipal rivers are the Dudden, the Leven, the Keer, the Lune, 
 le Wyre, the T ouglas, the Ribble, and the Mersey, all which 
 mpty" their v ~rs into the Irish Sea, for the most part fiow- 
 . ig in a western direction, and forming large estuaries, en- 
 umbered with sand banks , the secondary streams which fall 
 nto superior rivers are chiefly the Alt, the Brathy, the Brock, 
 .he two Calders, the Conder, the Derwent, the Greta, the 
 riindburn, the Hodder, the Irk, the Irwell, the Lostock, the 
 Medlock, the Roch, the Wenning, the Winster, and the Yar- 
 row j many of these tributary waters afford assistance to the 
 various manufactures of the county. The lakes are those of 
 Easthwaite, Coniston, and Windermere. But beautiful as are 
 all these provisions of nature, Lancashire is more celebrated 
 for its works of art in the construction of its numerous and 
 useful canals, intersecting the country in every direction, and, 
 together with the railways, affording an unparalleled medium 
 of facilitating commerce and distributing wealth. 
 
 Camden's remark is still applicable, that no county abounds 
 more with ancient families who bear the same name as the 
 place in which they reside, and of which they are the pro- 
 prietors. But perhaps the principal feature of Lancashire is 
 its abundant supply of coal, of which, besides the cannel coal, 
 occupying a space near Wigan of four square miles, there are 
 three principal ranges ; the first, beginning near Worsley, pro- 
 ceeds to the neighbourhood of Manchester, and thence north- 
 wards by Bury to Rochdale; the second or principal tract 
 runs from Prescot by Wigan and Blackburn to Colne ; and 
 the third, much the smallest, runs from Quernmoor to the 
 Yorkshire border. Its great abundance has drawn gradually 
 to this part of the kingdom those immense establishments 
 which in a short period have completely changed the face of 
 a country naturally barren, and filled it with wealth and 
 population. 
 
The hundred of Salford, the most populous and rapidly 
 increasing- manufacturing district in the kingdom, contains 
 seven Market towns, — Manchester, Bolton, Bury, Ashton- 
 under-Lyne, Oldham, Rochdale, and Salford,— and eleven 
 Parishes ; Bolton, Bury, Dean, Ashton-under-Lyne, Flixton, 
 Eccles, Manchester, Prestwich-cum-Oldham, Middleton, Rad • 
 cliffe, and Rochdale, with Aspull (township) in the parish of 
 Wigan. The Canals of this district are, — the Duke of Bridge- 
 water's ; the Bolton, Bury, and Manchester ; the Stockport, 
 Fairbottom, Ashton-under-Lyne, Oldham, and Huddersfield ; 
 the Rochdale ; the Worsley and Wigan j and the Leeds and 
 Liverpool. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway has 
 branches to Bolton, Wigan, Warrington, &c: the Grand 
 Junction (to London) joins the Liverpool and Manchester line 
 at Newton; and the Northern Union (to Preston) joins the 
 same line at Liverpool. The Rivers and Rivulets are, the 
 Mersey, Irwell, Tame, Medlock, Irk, Gorton-brook, Glaze- 
 brook, Crole, Tonge, Douglas, Bradshaw, Beile, Spod, Roch, 
 Calder, Sudden, Leven, Rush, and Cornbrook. The principal 
 Hills are, — Rivington Pike (the highest; , Winter Hill, Horwich 
 Moor, Horrock's Moor, Scate Hill, Knoll, Rooley Moor, Hades, 
 Hornblower's Hill, Tootal Hill, Eagle's Crag, Walsden Edge, 
 Stoney Edge, Blackstone Edge, Butterworth Moor, Oldham 
 Edge, Tandle Hill, Brun, Ogden Edge, Lussley, Hartshead 
 Pike, and Beesom Hill. Its population, which in 1821 was 
 575,186, was at the last census, in 1831, 612,414, showing an' 
 increase of 37,128 in ten years. 
 
 At the original division of parishes in England, Salford was 
 thinly peopled, which accounts for their small number in this 
 now crowded district. Few of the great landed proprietors 
 reside in their ancient halls and mansions, having sought a 
 retreat in counties where land was less valuable, and rural 
 enjoyments were less disturbed by the encroachments and 
 bustle of manufacturing occupations. 
 
 Manchester, in the hundred of Salford, is situated in lat. 
 53 deg. 29 min. N. and in long. 2 deg. 42 min. W. and about 
 four miles from the southern boundary of Lancashire, in 
 which it stands. It is 168 miles N.W. by N. of London, 
 direct distance, or 187 miles by the present mail coach road. 
 The township of Manchester lies west of the rivers Irk, 
 Irwell, and Medlock : the Irk empties itself into the Irwell a 
 little northward of the Collegiate church, and the Medlock 
 
1 
 
 falls into the Irwell about a mile south-west of the Exchange. 
 The Irk and Medlock being mere streamlets in comparison 
 with the Irwell, lose their names respectively as they fall into 
 that river; and subsequently the Irwell itself in its turn yields 
 up its name and waters, at the farther distances of six miles 
 in its course towards Liverpool, to be thenceforth lost in the 
 name and waters of the more celebrated Mersey. The town 
 is situated on low ground, there being a descent to it which 
 ever way it is approached : yet, notwithstanding-, Manchester 
 is a healthy place, if we may judge of the longevity of its in- 
 habitants, and the bills of mortality. The air is, perhaps, too 
 moist, partly owing to its situation at the junction of three 
 rivers ; and partly to its laying so immediately in the vicinity 
 of the range of the Yorkshire hills, from which the clouds, 
 gathered over the western ocean, are driven back into the 
 valley. Manchester is greatly improving in appearance ; it 
 has many good streets, and numerous public buildings worthy 
 attention ; and the environs and entrances are not surpassed 
 by any town in the empire. But Manchester is chiefly known, 
 and that in all quarters of the globe, as the great metropolis 
 of the cotton manufacture. Besides every variety of fabric 
 from this substance, it has manufactures of woollen, silk, 
 smallwares, hats, umbrellas, &c, and the manufacture of ma- 
 chinery has risen to great importance and perfection. 
 
 The paiish of Manchester had, in 1773, a population of 
 13,786, and in 1831, 270,963, of which there were in the town- 
 ship of Manchester 142,026. The parish is comprised in the 
 following townships, with which is given the population of 
 each : — Ardwick, 5,524 — Beswick, 248 — Broughton, 1,589 — 
 Blackley, 3,020— Bradford, 166— Burnage, 507— Cheetham, 
 4,025 — Crumpsall, 1,878 — Chorlton-upon-Medlock, 20,569 — 
 Chorlton-cum-Hardy, 668 — Didsbury, 1,067 — Denton, 2,792 — 
 Droylsden, 2,996— Failsworth, 3,067— Gorton, 2,623— Harpur- 
 hey, 463— Houghton, 2,914— Heaton Norris, 11,238— Hulme, 
 9,624— Levenshulme. 1,086— Moss Side, 208— Moston, 615— 
 Manchester (township) 142,026 — Newton, 4,377 — Openshaw, 
 838— Reddish, 860— Rusholme, 1,078— Stretford, 2,463— Salford, 
 40,786— Withington, 1,048. 
 
 The Market days are Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. 
 Fairs, Easter Monday, for pleasure ; October 1st, for cattle. 
 The Races are held on Kersall moor, and commence on the 
 Wednesday in Whit- week, lasting generally four days. The 
 Petty Sessions are held quarterly at Manchester j and here 
 also are held the court leet, the court baron, the hundred 
 court of Salford, the county court, and a court of requests. 
 
 Under the municipal act, the borough has a commission of 
 the peace, is divided into fifteen wards, has a mayor, sixteen 
 aldermen, and forty- eight councillors, whom the act em- 
 powers to hold a court of record for the trial of civil actions, 
 provided the sum or damages sought to be recovered do not 
 
8 
 
 exceed ^20. Under the same act the borough has also a 
 commission of the peace, and the right of holding quarter 
 sessions. By the reform act Manchester sends two members 
 to parliament. The ecclesiastical commissioners, in 1836, 
 advised that Manchester, with the county of Lancaster ^with 
 the exception of the deanery of Furness and Cartmell) should 
 be placed under the superintendence of a bishop. The Col- 
 legiate church will then become a cathedral— the title of 
 warden and fellows will merge in that of dean and canons, 
 and an archdeaconry of Manchester will be created. The see 
 will be subject to the metropolitan jurisdiction of the arch- 
 bishop of York. The stipend of the bishop will be ^5000 per 
 annum, and it will be necessary to provide for him a suitable 
 residence. 
 
 3S0r0U£f) at ^alfartf* 
 
 Salford, a market town, in the parish of Manchester, and 
 hundred of Salford, is divided from Manchester by the river 
 Irwell, over which there are five bridges. Though in many 
 respects it is considered as but a suburb of Manchester, it 
 "has grown with its growth, and strengthened with its 
 strength," so as to become a large, populous, and improving 
 town, having its own separate municipal government and 
 institutions, and by the reform act returns one member to 
 parliament. The borough covers 1,350 acres. The donations 
 and bequests to the poor of Salford have been so extensive as 
 even to diminish the parish rates. The principal attraction 
 of Salford is the Crescent, which commands a rich view of 
 rural scenery, through which the Irwell meanders : from the 
 lofty and peculiar site of the Crescent, the prospect can never 
 be interrupted by buildings. 
 
 The market is held on Saturday : Fairs, Whit Monday, and 
 November 17th, and each fair continues twenty-one days. 
 
 Population of the Principal Towns and Parishes in the 
 County of Lancaster, in 1831. — Ashton-under-Lyne, (parish; 
 33,597— Barton-upon-Irwell, 8,976— Blackburn, 27,091— Great 
 Bolton, 28,299— Little Bolton, 12,896— Burnley, 7,551— Bury, 
 15,086— Chorley, 9,282— Clithero, 5,213— Lancaster, 12,613— 
 Liverpool, (parish and borough) 165,221— Manchester, (parish 
 and borough) 2/0,963— Middleton, 6,903— Oldham, 32,381— 
 Preston, (borough) 33,112— Prestwich, 2,94 1— Rochdale, 2 0,1 65 
 — Rochdale, (parish) 58,440 — Royton, 5, 652— Salford (borough) 
 40,786— Stayley -bridge, 14,216 -Warrington, 16,018— Wigan, 
 (borough) 20,774. 
 
®nml$ 0f jHancf)es'tn% 
 
 B. C. 
 
 500. The parish of Manchester, a wild and unfrequented 
 
 wood] and . — Wh itaker. 
 55. Julius Caesar first planted the standard of civilization in 
 
 Britain. 
 50. The first outlines of a fort, erected by the aboriginal, or 
 
 Sistertian wanderers, who gave it the British name of 
 
 Mancenion ) that is, "A place of tents." 
 
 A. D. 
 
 72. Manchester probably included in the conquests of 
 Petilius Cerealis. 
 
 79. Agricola, the Roman general, conquered Mancenion, 
 and changed its name to Makcynium ; that is, " A place 
 of men." It appears also to have been called Max- 
 duesuedum, and Mancestre, from which last its 
 present name is derived. 
 
 80—82. A Roman station constructed in the castle field— -a 
 summer camp fixed upon Hunt's bank — four minor forts 
 erected in the Roman Mancunium, and a regular town 
 supposed to have been planned and formed. 
 
 83 — 84. A Roman governor appointed — temples, schools, 
 and courts erected, and fosses cut, by Julius Agricola, 
 from the Irk to the Irwell— six Roman iters, or roads, cut 
 to the neighbouring stations. 
 
 85—90. A water-mill built on the Medlock, at Knott's mill, 
 for the use of the garrison — a common bakehouse erected 
 — a mint supposed to have existed. 
 426. The Romans quit Mancunium . 
 
 429. The natives plundered by the Picts and Scots. 
 
 430. Tradition represents a giant, named "Tarquine," as the 
 lord of the place, who kept " a castle neere to the ford in 
 Medlock," and who was killed by sir Launcelot du Lake. 
 
 446. Manchester constituted a parish, and included Ashton ; 
 its boundaries were Eccles and Flixton, on the west ; 
 Prestwich., on the north: the Mersey and Tame rivers, on 
 the south ; and the Saddleworth hills on the east ; cover- 
 ing a space of fifty or sixty miles in circumference. 
 
 448. Final departure of the Romans from Britain, when 
 Mancunium receives the Roman-Eritish appellation of 
 Mankestelh, or Man- castle. 
 
 A 2 
 
10 547—929. 
 
 547. The Saxons established their kingdom of Deiri, which 
 included Lancashire. 
 
 552. The art of obtaining raw silk, and of its manufacture 
 into clothing-, was not known in Europe until this year, 
 when some missionaries conveyed the secret from China 
 to the Emperor Justinian, at Constantinople, by whom 
 they were sent back to China, and contrived to smuggle 
 some silk worms from the sacred empire. The price fixed 
 by Justinian was £± 15s. 9d. the pound, avoirdupois. 
 
 593. Urien, " the glory of Lancashire," fell by the hand of 
 an assassin. 
 
 610. Rusholme, Stretford, Chorlton, Withington, Gorton, 
 and Droylsden become colonized by the Saxons, who dis- 
 encumbered the land of its ancient oaks. 
 
 620. Manchester subdued by Edwin, and became the residence 
 of a lord or thegn, who erected his " baron's hall" on the 
 present site of the college,on the confluence of the Irk and 
 the Irwell. This chieftain held a greater and lesser leet, 
 where offenders were confined or punished by the pillory, 
 the cucking-stool, or even the gallows ; and to encourage 
 a settlement in the new borough, certain privileges were 
 granted to the burgesses, among which was that of allow- 
 ing burgage tenants, on paying I2d a-year to the thegn, 
 to have all causes (but not felonious charges; tried by 
 their own reeve in his court. 
 
 627. St. Michael's church erected in Aldport — the Saxon lord 
 of Manchester received the ordinance of Christian bap- 
 tism — at this time the parish of Manchester included the 
 present townships of Manchester, and parish of Ashton. 
 
 632. The ancient St. Mary's church built, in Acres field. 
 
 634. Deansgate takes its name from the rural dean, which was 
 the title borne by the head of the church in Manchester. 
 
 725. Peter's Pence, a tax imposed by Ina, king of the West 
 Saxons, was collected annually, Aug. l . 
 
 790. It is recorded that the emperor Charlemagne sent two 
 silk vests as a regal gift to Offa, King of the Mercians. 
 
 802. The town increases materially. 
 
 870. The Danes seized " Manigceastre," after an obstinate 
 resistance on the part of the Anglo-Saxon population. 
 
 891 . King Alfred divides England into counties and hundreds 
 about this time. 
 
 920. Edward the Elder, that ' noble prince,' "repayred the 
 city of Mancestre, that sore was defaced with the warre 
 of the Danes" — a castle, near the present site of the Col- 
 legiate church, erected. 
 
 Q21. Manchester styled a city, and named Mancenion by the 
 Saxons. 
 
 925. Dreadful storm here and at other places. 
 
 929. The Saxon baron resided at Hunt's bankj and erected a 
 corn mill, near Cateaton-street. 
 
931—1294. 11 
 
 931. Salford described as a Saxon manor, and royal posses- 
 sion, giving name to the hundred. 
 
 1030. The family of the Traffords settled here at this time : 
 the family is of Saxon origin, and one of the most ancient 
 in the kingdom. When King Canute passed through the 
 county of Chester, he was followed in his train by the 
 heads of many Lancashire and Cheshire families, among 
 the former of whom was Ranuphus de Traford, or, as 
 expressed in Doomsday book, Trayford. 
 
 lo66. At the conquest, William I. granted an immense terri- 
 tory, to Roger of Pointou, who bestowed the manor of 
 Manchester, upon Nigellus, a Norman knight. 
 
 1070. Manchester, about this time, erected into a manor. 
 
 1085. In Doomsday Book, made in this year, by order of the 
 Conqueror, mention is made of a church of Saint Mary, 
 and of a church of Saint Michael being in Manchester, 
 which is there called a manor. — Salford deemed of as 
 much consequence as iYTanchester. 
 
 1129. Albeit deGrelle, Grelley,or Gresley, having married the 
 daughter of Nigellus, becomes possessed of the manor of 
 Manchester. 
 
 1 144. Albert de Gresley, second lord of Manchester. 
 
 1215 Robert de Gresley, baron of Manchester, was one of the 
 peers who demanded Magna Charta from King John, at 
 Runnemede, upon this day, June 12. 
 
 1229. An annual fair (Acres fair; granted to Manchester, by 
 Henry III. at the request of Robert de Gresley, the third 
 baron of Manchester, in acknowledgement for which he 
 undertook to pay five marks and a palfrey annually. 
 
 1230. Randulph de Blundeville, Earl of Chester, on behalf of 
 the king, Edward III. grants a charter, making Salford a 
 free or corporate borough. 
 
 1253. Linen first made in England. 
 
 1264. Hugh of Manchester, a noted scholar, and detector of 
 impostors, born at Manchester in this year. He was a 
 Franciscan friar, and dedicated a book to Edward I. en- 
 titled, De Fanaticorum deleriis, or the Dotages of Fanatics. 
 " I could wish," says Fuller, " some worthy divine would 
 resume this subject." 
 
 1285. In this year was enacted the first law relative to high- 
 ways and roads leading from one markettown to another. 
 
 1290. Land let for 3s. 6d. per acre — a fat ox sold for 16s. 
 
 1294. Thomas de Gresley, the sixth baron, took a survey of 
 the manor of Manchester, of which the following is one of 
 the concluding clauses. " There is a mill at Manchester, 
 running by the water of the Irk, value ten pounds, at 
 which the burgesses and all the tenants at Manchester, 
 with the hamlets, and Ardwick, Pensham, Crummeshall, 
 Moston, Notehurst, Getheswych, and Ancotes, ought to 
 grind, paying the sixteenth grain, except the lord of Mos- 
 
12 1301—1362. 
 
 ton, who (hopper free) pays the twentieth grain. And 
 there is here a certain common oven near the lord's court, 
 value six shillings and eightpence, at which, according to 
 custom, every burgess must bake." 
 
 1301. Thomas de Gresley granted the " great charter of Man- 
 chester," by which it became a free borough. The sub- 
 scribing witnesses were : Sir John Byron, Sir Richard 
 Byron, knights ; Henry of Trafford, Richard of Hilton, 
 Adam of Prestwich, Roger of Pilkington, Geoffrey of Chad- 
 derton, Richard of Moston, John of Prestwich, and others. 
 
 1307- Thomas de Gresley summoned to parliament, March 10, 
 and invested with the order of the Bath. 
 
 1311. In the inquisitio post mortem of the rent roll of the last 
 earl of Lincoln, mention is made of a fulling mill at Colne, 
 thus proving the manufacture of woollens in this county 
 by nearly thirty years before the introduction of the Fle- 
 mish artizans by Edward III. 
 
 1313. Thomas de Gresley died without issue. 
 
 1316. John de la Warre becomes lord of Manchester by mar- 
 riage with Joan, sister, of Thomas de Gresley, and is 
 summoned to parliament by Edward II. 
 
 1320. The rivers Irk, lrwell, and Medlock were bordered with 
 deep woods, and the manor house stood entire. 
 
 1322. The annual amount of the tolls and stallage for the 
 markets and fairs of Manchester was 3&6 J3s. 4d. 
 
 1330. The manufactures of Flanders introduced into England 
 by Edward III. when many of the emigrants settled in 
 Manchester and its vicinity. 
 
 1348. A destructive pestilence broke out at Dorchester and 
 soon spread over England. The labours of husbandry 
 were neglected ; no courts of justice were opened ; the 
 parliament was prorogued ; and men, intent only of their 
 own safety, fled from the air of the infected, and slighted 
 every call of honour, duty, and humanity. Manchester 
 suffered very materially, August. 
 
 1351. Henry " the good," earl of Derby, created first duke of 
 Lancaster, with the same jura regalia as the earls palatine 
 of Chester had ever enjoyed. The duchy became conse- 
 quently a petty kingdom, and some of its original regula- 
 tions are yet in force. 
 
 1359. At a trial held at Preston, between Roger de la Warre, 
 lord of the manor of Manchester, and John of Gaunt, 
 duke of Lancaster, it was proved that this same " warlike 
 Gaunt " did order his bailiffs to collect monies from the 
 inhabitants of Manchester, to which he had no right;" 
 when it was decided that " Roger de la Warre, and he 
 only, had authority to gather money of the townspeople." 
 
 I3fi2. In an act to repress luxury in living, and to regulate the 
 wearing of apparel, from the peer to the peasant, we find 
 that woollen cloth was from 40s. to £6 the whole piece. 
 
1366—1430. 13 
 
 1366. The sheriff of Lancashire, after returning two knights 
 for the shire, adds, " There are no cities or burghs, within 
 this county, from which any citizens or burgesses can, or 
 were wont to come, by reason of their inability, low con- 
 dition, or poverty." Lancaster and Preston had been re- 
 presented sundry times before, in the reigns of Edward 
 I. II. and III. But from this date to the reign of Edward 
 IV. no returns were made from the county. 
 
 1368. The earliest document or record of any kind, relating 
 to "the Old Bridge," or, as it seems originally to have 
 been called, " the Saltord Bridge," is the will of Thomas 
 del Bothe, (Boothe) who is described as an opulent yeo- 
 man, resident at Barton, in the parish of Eccles, and of 
 whom it is stated, that he built a chapel upon Salford 
 Bridge, " where prayers were wont to be made, as usual 
 in those times, for the repose of the soul of the founder." 
 His will is dated on the Monday after the feast of St. 
 Michael the Archangel, and it contains a clause, in ab- 
 breviated Latin, in the following terms: " I also give to 
 the bridge of Salford ^30, payable in the three years next 
 following [my death] in equal portions." 
 
 1377. A census of the principal towns of England taken, in 
 which it is expressly stated that Lancashire contains no 
 town worthy of particular mention. 
 
 1399. Thomas West, rector of Manchester, succeeded to the 
 baronial rights, and was summoned to parliament. 
 
 1421. A license granted by Henry V. to Thomas West, "for 
 the appropriation of the rectory, and to found and endow 
 a collegiate church at his manor of Manchester," May 22. 
 
 1422. The first stone of the Collegiate church laid by Thomas 
 West, July 28.— Cost ^50,000. John Huntington, D. D. 
 rector of Ashton, appointed first warden, and with whom 
 were associated eight fellows, four clerks, and six cho- 
 risters ; who were conjointly styled " The guild or com- 
 pany of the Blessed Virgin in Manchester." The lands of 
 the Guild were estimated at two hundred and fifty marks 
 a year, about ^166 sterling. 
 
 1423. The old baron's hall (the present college) converted into 
 a residence for the clergy. 
 
 1427. Thomas West, lord de la Warre, rector of Manchester, 
 lord of the manor, and founder of the Collegiate church, 
 died without issue, and was succeeded in the barony by 
 his brother, sir Reginald West, knt. 
 
 1429. Sir Reginald West made a pilgrimage to Rome. 
 
 1430. The principal families in Manchester and its neighbour- 
 hood were, sir John de Byron, sir Geoffrey de Cheetham, 
 sir John de Ratcliffe,Edmund deTrafford,John de Hulton, 
 Ralph de Prestwich, Otho de Redditch, James de Strange - 
 ways, Geoffrey de Hopwood, William de Birch, Hugh de 
 Highfield, and Laurence de Barton. 
 
14 1440—1508. 
 
 1440. The river Irk was so celebrated for the exquisite flavour 
 of its eels, that the warden rented the right of fishery to 
 supply the tables of the clergy during Lent. 
 
 1457. John Huntington, warden of the college, died Nov. 11, 
 and was buried at the east end of the choir. His rebus is 
 still to be seen upon the eastern side of the middle arch of 
 the choir. On the left hand side of the arch is a hunts- 
 man with dogs, and on the right hand side a vessel called 
 a tonne or tun ,• and these devices put together represent 
 the name of Hunting-ton. Dr. Huntington was learned 
 in the learning of those times ; one very devout, magnifi- 
 cent, and of public spirit. He was the mover and contriver 
 of that great work of erecting the stone church now in 
 being, of which he built the choir and aisles. 
 
 1459. John Booth appointed warden. Deprived by Edward 
 IV. in 1465. He was a younger brother of Booth of Bar- 
 ton, which merged, by marriage, in the noble family of 
 Stamford and Warrington, at Dunham Massey. 
 
 1465. Sir* Ralph Langley, (second son of Langley of Edgecroft) 
 rector of Prestwich, appointed warden. Resigned July 
 27, 1481. He zealously continued the improvements of the 
 church, began by warden Huntington, and gave the clock 
 and chimes. He was buried at Prestwich. 
 
 Plenary indulgences were dispensed in Manchester by 
 
 the pope's nuncio : the proceeds were said to be for the 
 maintenance of Christianity against the Turks. 
 
 14/6. The church at Oldham built by sir Ralph Langley, knt. 
 warden of Manchester and rector of Prestwich. 
 
 1481. James Stanley, appointed warden. He was a younger 
 son of Thomas, lord Stanley, created in 1485 Earl of Derby, 
 on whom was betowed by Henry VII. all the forfeited es- 
 tates in the north of England. 
 
 1505. u Care was taken for the reparation of the chapell stand- 
 ing on Salford bridge, built, as it is sayd, by Thomas del 
 Booth, in Edw. the 3d's time. Hee certainely gave 30/. 
 towards the building of Salford bridge ; and it was very 
 usual on greater bridges to build chappells in which they 
 did pray for the soules of their founders. This chappell is 
 now converted to a prison for Manchester and Salford. *' 
 
 1506. Richard Beswick erected the chapel dedicated to Jesus 
 Christ, on the south side of the south aisle of the choir 
 of the Collegiate church. 
 
 1508. The chapel, (now known by the name of Brown's; near 
 to the porch of the Collegiate church, was built by Mr. 
 Galley, a merchant of Manchester, who lies buried in this 
 chapel, under a small stone. 
 
 * The title of Sir was a compliment paid to fellows of universities ; and it was a 
 common term of courtesy applied to priests, her. ce the appellation of Sir John Brown's 
 pit, near High Knowls, named after John Brown, one of the fellows of the Collegiate 
 Church, at the time of its foundation. 
 
1509—1524. 15 
 
 1509. Sir James Stanley, Warden of Manchester, promoted to 
 the bishopric of Ely. In Jortin's Life of Erasmus we find 
 the following notice of this Bishop of Ely. "At this time 
 he (Erasmus) refused a large pension, and larger promises, 
 from a young illiterate Englishman, who was to be made 
 a bishop, and who wanted to have him for a preceptor. 
 This youth seems to have been James Stanley, son of the 
 Earl of Derby, and son-in-law to Margaret, the King's 
 mother, and afterwards made Bishop of Ely by her in- 
 terest. However, it appears that the young gentleman, 
 though ignorant, had a desire to learn something, and to 
 qualify himself, in some measure, for the station in which 
 he was to be placed." In the Anglia Saci-a he is described 
 as " Armis quam libris peritior." More skilful in arms 
 than in books. Robert Cliffe, B.D., appointed warden. 
 
 1513. Sir James Stanley, Warden of Manchester, and Bishop 
 of Ely, in conjunction with others of his family, com- 
 menced the erection of the large chapel dedicated to St. 
 John the Baptist, and the small chantry adjoining to it, 
 now called the Derby chapel. 
 
 15 1 8. George West, (a younger brother of the lord de la Warre) 
 appointed warden of the college. 
 
 1519. Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, and Founder of the 
 Free Grammar School, died June 15. He is supposed to 
 have been born either in Manchester or Oldham, and was 
 educated both at Oxford and Cambridge j but took his 
 degree of D.D. at the latter place. He was a great patron 
 of learning, and an extensive benefactor of Corpus Christi 
 college. Having fallen under the displeasure of Pope 
 Leo X., for refusing to abide by his decision in a case of 
 dispute between himself and the Abbot of Tavistock, 
 he was, after his death, excommunicated. 
 
 1520. St. Mary's chapel, at the east end of the choir of the 
 Collegiate church, built by Sir George West, warden. 
 
 The Free Grammar School, in Long Millgate, founded 
 
 in pursuance of the will of Hugh Oldham, Bishop of 
 Exeter. To this good work the venerable prelate was 
 moved, " considering," as the statutes say, " the bring- 
 ing up of children in their adolescence, and to occupy 
 them in good learning therein, when they should come to 
 age and virility, whereby they may better know, love, 
 honour, and dread God and his laws ; and that the liberal 
 science or art of grammar is the ground and foundation 
 of all other liberal arts and sciences ; and for the good 
 mind which he did bear to the county of Lancaster, where 
 the children had pregnant wits, but had been mostly 
 brought up rudely and idly, and not in virtue, cunning, 
 education, literature, and in good manners." The origi- 
 nal income was about ^20 per annum. 
 
 1524 Wheat was sold at lis. 3d. per quarter; ale 2d, per gallon ; 
 
16 1524—1538. 
 
 day labourer's wages 3d. per day : a horse £ % 2 4s.; an ox 
 £1 15s.; a cow 15s. 6d.; a sheep or a hog 5s. ; a calf 4s. id.) 
 a cock 3d., and a hen 2d. 
 
 1524. Martin Brian, or Briam, and three other great woollen 
 clothiers, lived in Manchester. 
 
 1525. James Stanley, bishop of Ely, and warden of Manchester 
 college, died, March 22, and was buried on the north 
 side of the Derby chapel, in a fair tomb, with his picture 
 cut in brass in his pontifical robes, and the arms of Derby 
 and his bishopric quartered, with this inscription, " Of 
 your charity, Pray for the soul of James Stanley, some- 
 time bishop of Ely, and warden of this college of Man- 
 chester, who departed out of this world the 22d day of 
 March, 1525, upon whose soul and all christians, the Lord 
 have mercy." It is stated, that he had not the gift of con- 
 tinence w r hich the See of Rome had enjoined, and there- 
 fore died excommunicated. For this reason he was not 
 allowed to be buried within the walls of a church. — Fuller, 
 adverting to his place of residence, observed, " He blamed 
 not the prelate for passing the summer with his brother 
 the earl of Derby, in Lancashire," but "for living all the 
 winter at Somersham with one who was not his sister, and 
 who w T anted nothing to make her his wife save marriage." 
 In 1513 the Bishop of Ely sent his natural son, younge 
 John Stanley, with his ownietainers, to assist Sir Edward 
 Stanley in the battle of Floden field, who for his bravery 
 won the golden spurs. 
 
 1535. During the wardenship of George West, between the 
 years 1518 and 1535, it is stated that " the town was in- 
 creasing in opulence and wealth." 
 
 The clear revenue of the Collegiate church in the first 
 
 fruits office, 26 Heury VIII., was ^213 10s. lid. 
 
 George Colliar, (brother of — Colliar, of Colliar, near 
 
 Stone, in Staffordshire,) appointed Warden. 
 
 1536. A law was passed for the " suppression of vigils and 
 wakes." During these holidays the pageants of Robin 
 Hood, M aid Marian, and Friar Tuck, were exhibited in the 
 church, and generally got up by the priests. The expense 
 of these exhibitions was defrayed by the churchwardens, 
 who made collections froni house to house for that object. 
 After the passing of this act the wakes was removed from 
 the church to the church-yard. 
 
 1538. Manchester visited by John Leland, the antiquary, who 
 thus describes it : " Mancester, on the south side of Irwel 
 river, stondeth in Salfordshiret, and is the fairest, best 
 buildid, quikkst, and most populus tounne of all Lancas- 
 treshire, yet is in it but one Paroch chirch ; but is a College, 
 and almost thorowhowt doble ilyd ex quadrato lapide 
 durissimo, whereof a goodly quarre is hard by the towne. 
 There be divers stone bridges in the towne, but the best 
 
1.340—1555. 17 
 
 of iii arches is over Irwel. This bridge dividith Man- 
 chestre from Salford, the wich is as a large suburbe to 
 Manchestre. On this bridg is a praty little chapel. * * 
 And almost ii flyte shottes withowt the towne beneth on 
 the same syde of Irwel yet be seene the dikes and fund- 
 ations of Old Man Castel (Ould Manchester in Burton's 
 transcript of Leland's MSS.) yn a ground now inclosed. 
 The stones of the mines of this castel were translated 
 towards making of Bridgges for the Toune." 
 
 1540. The Collegiate church of Manchester (in common with 
 twenty-seven other places, principally collegiate) obtained 
 the immunity of sanctuary, constituting it a "place or 
 privilege and tuicion for term of life, to all offenders and 
 malefactors, of whatsoever quality, kind, or nature their 
 offence might be, for the which saide offences and crimes 
 the peines and punishment of death should ensue by the 
 statute laws and customes of the realme" other than mur- 
 der, rape, burglary, highway robbery, or wilfully burning 
 any house or barn. — 32 Hen. VIII. 
 
 1541. "An acte touchinge the translation of the privilege of 
 sanctuary from Manchester to Westchester" (Chester.) 
 This is a curious and interesting document, illustrative 
 not [only of the consequences of sanctuary, but also of 
 the nature of the trade and police of Manchester, at the 
 period of the Reformation. The town is represented as 
 •'well inhabited for a long time, and the king's subjects 
 well set a work in the making of clothes as well of linen 
 as of woollen." 
 
 1547. The Collegiate clergy dissolved by Edward VI. The 
 warden, sir George Collier, deprived for denying the king's 
 supremacy. The college house was, together with some 
 of the lands, taken into the possession of the king and 
 demised to the earl of Derby, who provided three or four 
 ministers to supply the service of the church, which was 
 changed into a vicarage, under sir Thomas Penketh. 
 
 1552. From an act passed this year, entitled " for the true 
 making of ivoollen cloth," it appears that the " Manches- 
 ter cottons" were woollens ; for the act directs "that all 
 the cottons called Manchester, Lancashire, and Cheshire 
 cottons, shall be in length twenty- two yards, and that all 
 other Manchester rugs, otherwise Manchester frizes, shall 
 contain in length thirty-six yards, &c." 
 
 1553. The Collegiate church refounded by Queen Mary, and 
 the late warden, (Colliar) restored to his trust. 
 
 1555. John Bradford, a native of Manchester, suffered martyr- 
 dom in the cause of Protestantism. Prior to his martyr- 
 dom, he wrote to his mother, in Manchester, a beautiful 
 valedictory epistle, which still exists, and may be found 
 in the College Library, in a small black-letter volume, 
 entitled "Letters of Maister John Bradford, a faythfull 
 
18 1555—1562. 
 
 Minister and a syngular pyllar of Christe's Church : by 
 whose greate trauailes and diligence in preaching and 
 planting the syncerity of the Gospel,by whose most godly 
 and innocent lyfe, and by whose long and payneful 
 imprisonments for the maintenance of the truth, the 
 kyngdom of God was not a little aduanced: who also at 
 last most valiantly and cheerfully gaue his blood for the 
 same. The 4 day of July. In the year of our Lord 1555." 
 The chief opponent of Bradford, in Manchester, was Dr. 
 Pendleton, who, during the life of Edward VI. had been a 
 zealous promoter of the Reformation, and was maintained 
 out of the revenues of the dissolved college. 
 1555. Gilbert Bourne, a priest, preaching in the open air, in 
 Manchester, furiously attacked by a mob. Aug. 13. 
 
 1557. Sir George Colliar, warden, died, of whom it is stated 
 by Fox, that although a rigid Catholic, " he does not appear 
 to have aided persecution." 
 
 — — ~ Lawrence Vaux, B.D., appointed warden^ but opposing 
 the Reformation, was deprived by queen Elizabeth. He 
 was a strenuous Catholic, " so wonderful," says Holling- 
 worth, " did God hide his people in Lancashire." His ex- 
 ample and influence appear to have opposed a powerful 
 obstacle to the reception of the reformed religion in this 
 county. He was born at Blackrod, near Chorley, and was 
 a laborious, learned, and devout divine, but for his adhe- 
 rence to the Catholic faith, was cast into prison, in Lon- 
 don, where he died in great necessity. 
 
 1558. William Birch, M. A. (a younger brother of Thomas 
 Birch, of Birch hall,) appointed warden, — resigned at the 
 request of Queen Elizabeth. He died at Stanhope, in the 
 bishopric of Durham, 15 72. 
 
 1559. Thomas Herle, (a native of Cornwall) chaplain to queen 
 Elizabeth, appointed warden. He was deprived in 1578, 
 for mismanagement of the revenues of the college. In 
 his alienations he appears to have been assisted by the 
 queen, who granted him a pension upon his retirement. 
 Thomas Herle is described as "a subservient tool and a 
 selfish man; who, indeed, if a Protestant, had always 
 changed with the princes of these changeable times." 
 
 1560. Numerous libels against Queen Elizabeth, and those 
 who favored her proceedings, were circulated in Manches- 
 ter and neighboured. There was one in particular, en- 
 titled " Leycester's Commonwealth," which caused the 
 Privy Council to issue a proclamation for its suppression. 
 
 1562. A native of Manchester, whose real name was Ellys, 
 but who called himself Elias, pretends to the spirit of 
 prophecy. 
 
 The college became a prison for "heretics," Catholics ; 
 
 and "recusants," Puritans; or those who refused to 
 acknowledge Elizabeth head of the church. 
 
1565—1579. 19 
 
 1565. Aulnegers, or parliamentary agents stationed at Man- 
 chester for stamping woollen cloth. 
 
 - — u There was a sore sicknesse in and about the towne, 
 of which very many died." — Hollingworth. 
 
 1572. Herle, the warden, alienated a part of the lands of the 
 college to the Earl of Derby. He granted long leases of 
 the tithes and other revenues to Sir Edmund TratTord ; 
 and it was, probably, to the collection of tithes thus made 
 over,that the right of appointing the parish clerk, (which 
 they still eDJoy, though Catholics) was recognised and 
 confirmed by Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 15/3. The first register for the parish of Manchester com- 
 menced in this year.— The first entry is the burial of Ro- 
 bert Fisher, Aug. l. — The first baptism was Ellen, daugh- 
 ter of William Darby, Aug. 3. — And the first marriage 
 between Nicholas Cleaton and Ellen Pendleton, Aug. 19. 
 
 1574. The clergy of the Collegiate church repeatedly beaten by 
 the populace, and one of the preachers stabbed with a 
 dagger on his way to divine service, by William Smith. — 
 The documentary evidence and letters patent stolen. 
 
 The common of Collyhurst enclosed and lett to such as 
 
 chose to give for it iiiis. the aker by yeares, and twenty 
 shillings fine aforehand." 
 
 15/3. Queen Elizabeth dissolved the foundation of the Colle- 
 giate church, which had consisted of one warden, eight 
 fellows, four chaplains, and six choristers — and gave the 
 college a new charter of foundation for one warden, four 
 fellows, two chaplains, four musicians, two clerks, and 
 four choristers. The warden to be elected by the crown, 
 and the others on vacancy by the warden and fellows — 
 changed to ■ Christ's College," July 28.— John Wolton, 
 or Woolton, appointed warden, promoted to the bishopric 
 of Exeter in 1579. John Mallayns, Alexander Xowell, 
 Oliver Carter, and Thomas Williamson, fellows ; Robert 
 Barber, and Thomas Richardson, chaplains ; and Robert 
 Leigh, Charles Leigh, Philip Gosnett, and John Glover, 
 singing men. The salary of the warden was four shillings 
 per day • each fellow sixteen pence ; each chaplain 6f d. 
 each chorister 4£d. ; each singing boy 23d. The warden 
 to forfeit 20d. and each fellow 8d. for every day's absence. 
 
 The churchwardens of Manchester demand nine pounds 
 
 from the inhabitants " for destroying crowes.*' 
 
 A large importation of the exiles from the Low Countries 
 
 settled in Manchester about this time. 
 
 Sir William West, Lord of the Manor, attempted to wrest 
 
 the privilege of the inhabitants of Manchester from choos- 
 ing the boroughreeve. The steward choosing John Gee, 
 and the town Robert Langley. 
 
 1579. The manor of Manchester sold to John Lacye, a mercer, 
 of London, for ^3000, May 15. 
 
20 1579-1588. 
 
 1579. In an assembly of ecclesiastical commissioners, held at 
 Manchester, they issued a mandate against pipers and 
 minstrels, making- and frequenting- bear-baiting and bull- 
 baiting on the sabbath days, or upon any other days ; 
 and also against superstitious ringing of bells, wakes, 
 and common feasts ; drunkenness, gaming, and other 
 vicious and unprofitable pursuits." 
 
 1580. A new jail built in Manchester, at Hunt's Bank, called 
 the "New Fleet," and the expense was for a time sup- 
 ported by fines imposed on the more wealthy of the pri- 
 soners, and by the proceeds of a parochial assessment 
 amounting to eight-pence per week on every parish 
 throughout the diocese of Chester. 
 
 William Chadderton, D. D., Bishop of Chester, appointed 
 
 Warden of the College in commendam, June 5. — translated 
 to the bishopric of Lincoln in 1594, and resigned his office 
 of warden. "It is said that at his departure he proved 
 another Herle. making away what he could." 
 
 Lord Burleigh thanks the Earl of Derby for reforming 
 
 abuses in the Manchester college. 
 
 A commission held in Lancashire, for trying Popish 
 
 recusants. 
 
 158J. Sir John South worth imprisoned in the New Fleet, at 
 Manchester, for his "obstinate adherence to Popery." — 
 Also James Layborne, " a noble layman/' John Townley, 
 Esq., and other recusants. Robert Worsley, Esq. gaoler. 
 
 1582. Mr. Worsley, keeper of the jail of Manchester, made an 
 offer " that on condition of being allowed the proceeds of 
 the ' jail tax' for one whole year, he would at his own 
 proper charges build a workhouse, sufficient to afford 
 employment to all the rogues, vagabonds, and idlers in 
 the county." Dec. 3. 
 
 1584. At the assizes at Lancaster, James Bell, a native of War- 
 rington, John Finch, a native of Eccleston, and James 
 Ley bourne, Esq., were found guilty of being Catholic 
 recusants. Bell and Finch were executed at Lancaster, 
 aid Leybourne at Manchester, and their heads exposed 
 on the summit of the Collegiate church, by order of 
 Queen Elizabeth, April 20. 
 
 1586. Camden describes Manchester as surpassing the neigh- 
 bouring towns in elegance and populousness. " There 
 is," says he, " a woollen manufacture, a market, a church, 
 and a college." 
 
 15S6. A great dearth in Manchester; a penny white loaf 
 weighing only six or eight ounces. 
 
 1587. Manchester visited with a dreadful epidemic, which 
 from the extent of its ravages was called the plague. 
 
 1588. Printing introduced into Manchester. The first print- 
 ing done here was by an itinerant press, which went 
 through the kingdom, printing the celebrated Marprelate 
 
1588—1596. 21 
 
 tracts, dropping here a libel, and there a proclamation 
 for sedition, but wherever Martinism was found, Martin 
 was not,till at length the labours of the press were brought 
 to a close by Ferdinando, fifth Earl of Derby, having 
 found it somewhere in Newton-lane, printing "Ha? ye 
 any more work for the Cooper." The press was destroyed. 
 
 1588. At this time the earl of Derby lived at Aldport Lodge (in 
 Deansgate)to which a park was attached of near ] 00 acres. 
 
 Population of Manchester and Salford 10,000 persons. 
 
 A great panic in Manchester, caused by a rumour that a 
 
 large army of papists had actually marched as far as 
 Swinton Moor to attack the town. 
 
 — Against the Spanish Armada Manchester was required 
 to contribute 38 harquebusiers, 38 archers, and 144 men 
 for bills and pikes — the county 2,375 men. 
 
 1590. A commission held in Manchester, for the punishment 
 of Popish recusants. 
 
 — — Chorlton Hall demised by Edmund Trafford, Esq. to 
 Ralph Sorocold for ^320. It was the seat of the Min- 
 shulls or Mynsales, in the reign of Henry I.; and in 1544, 
 it was sold by Ellis Hey, of Monk's Hall, in Eccles, to 
 Thomas Minshull, apothecary, in Manchester, for ^300 ; 
 but it is reported to have been sold at a later period for 
 £60,000 or ^70,000. 
 
 ■ " The Lord visited the town with sore pestilence ; there 
 
 died of the parishioners, in one monthe, of Aprill, near 
 seventy persons." — Hollingworth. 
 
 1593. John Wolton, bishop of Exeter, and late warden of the 
 Collegiate church, died March l3.*He was born at Wigan, 
 in this county, "and was," says Dr. Goodwin, bishop of 
 Hereford, who had married his daughter, " a pious, pain- 
 ful, and skillful divine." 
 
 1595, John Dee, M. A. installed with great solemnity Warden 
 of the Collegiate Church, Feb. 20. Dr. Dee lived on very 
 ill terms with the college, the cause of which is not stated ; 
 and in 1604 he became so uneasy as led him to quit the 
 town, but he held his preferment till his death, in 1608. 
 
 The churchwardens of Manchester were, Edmund Prest- 
 
 . wich, and Richard Massey, esquires ; George Birch, Ralph 
 Byrom, Ralph Houghton, Thomas Byrom, Henry Hardy, 
 and Richard Nugent, gentlemen. 
 
 1596. The manor of Manchester sold by John Lacye, mercer, 
 and citizen of London, for ^3,500, to Sir Nicholas Mosley, 
 Knt. March 23. Sir Nicholas Mosley, had been Sheriff of 
 London in 1591, and was Lord Mayor in 1599- He built 
 Hough End (generally called the Old Hall) near Chorlton, 
 upon a place where a tenement occupied by his father had 
 stood, and in which his son was born. This hall became 
 the family seat for several generations, but was finally 
 abandoned for Rolleston in Staffordshire. 
 
122 1599—1617. 
 
 1599- On raising- men to suppress the rebellion in Ireland, the 
 magistracy of Manchester were cautioned not to send 
 any vagabonds or disorderly persons, but young men of 
 good character, who were well skilled in the use of the 
 hand gun. 
 
 1604 — 6. An epidemic, like the plague, carries off nearly 2000 
 persons. A plot of ground, in Collyhurst, to bury the 
 dead, given by Rowland Mosley, Esq. 
 
 1606. William Chadderton, Bishop of Lincoln, and late war- 
 den of Manchester, died April. He was born at Notehurst, 
 in this parish, and educated at Cambridge. He was a 
 learned man, liberal, and given to hospitality, and a more 
 frequent preacher than other bishops of his time. 
 
 1607. Anthony Mosley, of Manchester, merchant, died. 
 
 1608. John Dee, M.A. warden of the Collegiate church, died 
 at his residence, atMortlake, in Surry, in the utmost po- 
 verty, aged 81 years. This remarkable man, about whom 
 so much has been written, was born in London, July 13, 
 1527. He was highly celebrated for his learning, his skill 
 in mathematics, and his knowledge of natural history. — 
 It was in the abstruse sciences that Dr. Dee most essen- 
 tially excelled ; and in those times the slightest pretence 
 to astronomical science was considered as prying into 
 futurity, and the foretelling of an eclipse or a comet equi- 
 valent to an intercourse with the devil. For his knowledge 
 he suffered much persecution from the great, and by the 
 poor and ignorant he was suspected of being a conjuror. 
 He was held in high esteem by Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Richard Murray, D. D., rector of Stopford, and dean of 
 
 St. 3uriers, in Cornwall, appointed warden. 
 
 1610. George Clarke, of Crumpsall, noted for his charities, 
 
 died. 
 1612. A votive altar, dedicated to Fortune, found in the river 
 
 Medlock. 
 1614. Richard Brideoake, afterwards bishop of Chichester, 
 
 born at Cheetham Hill. 
 
 1616. "Ano 1616 was an extraordinary flood, called from the 
 day Lambard's flood, in which the water suddenly rose 
 
 yards plumme above the ordinary course, that men 
 stood uppon Salford bridge, and laded up water with a 
 little piggin. It is an easy matter with God to drowne a 
 towne, yea a world." — Hollingworth. 
 
 1617. King James I. in his progress through Lancashire, came 
 to Manchester,and attended divine service at the Collegi- 
 ate church. He was so much gratified with the good cheer 
 set before him at Hoghton Tower, near Blackburn, that he 
 knighted the prime joint of beef, to be for ever called Sir 
 Loiv, Aug. 16, 1617.— See 1635. 
 
 A gallery first erected in the Collegiate church, by Mr. 
 
 Humphrey Booth, merchant, of Salford. 
 
1618— 1634. 23 
 
 1618. James I. made a progress through Lancashire, and 
 issued his famous Book of Sports. His majesty in this 
 memorable document proceeds to state that " for his good 
 people's lawful recreation, his pleasure is that, after the 
 end of divine service, his good people be not disturbed 
 letted or discouraged from any lawful recreation, such as 
 dancing, either men or women ; archery, for men, leap- 
 ing, vaulting, or any other such harmless recreation ; 
 nor from having of May-games," Whitson-ales, and 
 Morice dances, and the setting up of May-poles, and other 
 sports therewith used, &c." And he "bars from this 
 benefit and liberty, all such known recusants, either men 
 or women, as will abstain from coming to church." 
 
 1623. The charter of Manchester, granted by Thomas de Gres- 
 .ley, enrolled and exemplified by James I., Sept. 16. 
 
 1625. Sir Henry Montague receives from Charles I. the title 
 of "Earl of Manchester."— Altered to that of Duke, l/io. 
 
 1630. Oswald Mosley, Esq., of Ancoats, died. 
 
 1631. "The Lord sent his destroying an gell into an inne, in 
 Manchester, on which died Richard Merriott and his wife, 
 the Mr. and dame of the house, and all that were in it, 
 or went into it for certaine weekcs together, at the last 
 they burned or buried all the goods in the house ; and yet 
 in midst of judgment did God remember mercy, for no 
 person else was that yeare touched with the infection." 
 
 1632 Sir Cecil Trafford abjures the reformed faith, and 
 becomes a Catholic. He was a justice ot the peace, had 
 been a great persecutor of the Catholics, levying 12d. per 
 head for non-attendance at church. 
 
 A paper, inciting the people to open rebellion, in con- 
 
 sequence of the unfriendly spirit manifested by govern- 
 ment towards the Puritans, was posted on the Collegiate 
 church doors. It was entitled " A little melancholic 
 treason, extracted from a distracted and simple soul." 
 
 "Ano. 1632. Daniel Baker, M.A., rector of Assheton on 
 
 Mercy Banke, and Fellow of the Colledge, having on 
 Good Friday (as it calld) administered the Lord's Supper, 
 and being (as it is feared) somewhat overcharged with 
 drinke, in Salford, was found dead in the morning in the 
 water under Salford bridge. Whether he fell downe of 
 himselfe, being a tall man, and the battlements then but 
 low, or whether hee was cast downe, or put over the 
 bridge, is not certain ely knowne to this day/' 
 
 1633. "The moss" (Chat moss, it is presumed) " rose up out 
 of its place, moved a great distance, carrying trees, stone 
 troughs, &c. before it, and committed, apparently much 
 devastation ; it filled the brookes and rivers, slew the fish, 
 blackened the water, made some fruitful land barren." 
 
 1634. Humphrey Chetham, esq. a merchant of Manchester, 
 and high sheriff for the county, was required by Charles 
 
'24 1635— 1639. 
 
 I. to levy the ship money, about ^3,600, upon the county 
 of Lancaster ; and he had the disagreeable and irksome 
 task of apportioning to each district its fair share. The 
 expense, of collecting this impost Mr, Chetham generously 
 paid out of his own pocket. 
 1635. Humphrey Chetham, esq. high sheriff, was ordered by 
 Charles I. to levy ^3,500 upon the county, for a vessel of 
 350 tons, towards which Salford Hundred paid ^490 ; 
 Liverpool paid ^ J 25, Lancaster ^25, and Wigan ^50 ! 
 The sheriff was taken sharply to account for levyingmore 
 than the specified amount, and was told that it was a 
 ' '• Staure Chamber business." 
 
 Charles I. grants a new charter of foundation to the 
 
 Collegiate church, Sept. 30. In this charter the salarv of 
 the warden was £70 per annum ; each fellow ^35 ; each 
 chaplain £\7 JOs. and marriage fees j each singing man 
 £\0, and each singing boy £5. 
 
 Richard Heyrick, warden j William Bourn, Samuel 
 
 Boardman, Richard Johnson, and Peter Shaw, fellows j 
 Edmund Hopwood and Robert Brown, chaplains j Wm. 
 Leigh, John Leigh, Peter Starkey, and Charles Leigh, 
 singing men. 
 
 Richard Murray, D.D., deprived from the wardenship by 
 
 Charles I. upon a petition from the inhabitants, for des- 
 troying the revenues, and allowing the church to fall into 
 decay. He was of an honourable Scotch family ; but was 
 himself proud, haughty, and domineering, demanding 
 precedence of every person in the parish, and once 
 demanded the warden's seat in the church from the 
 Bishop of Chester, saying, "My lord, that seat belongs to 
 the warden." During his wardenship he only preached 
 twice ; once before James I., his text being Rom. i. 16. 
 " I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ;" and when 
 he came to kiss the king's hand, according to custom, the 
 king said, " Mon, thou art not ashamed of the gospel of 
 
 CJirist ; but by the gospel of Christ may be ashamed 
 
 of thee:* 
 
 Trinity church, Salford, founded by Humphrey Booth, 
 
 Esq., a prosperous merchant of Salford— Rebuilt in 1 752. 
 
 Population of Manchester and Salford 20,000 persons. 
 
 The college in the possession of the Earl of Derby. 
 
 1638. The Collegiate church, which had been suffered to fall 
 into decay, underwent great repairs ; the whole of the 
 choirand side aisles were new roofed, battled, and adorned 
 with pinnacles, which was completed in this year. 
 
 1639. William Crabtree, a native of Broughton, by calcula- 
 tion and observation, made on Kersal Moor, found that 
 the planet Venus was about to pass the sun's disc, which 
 extraordinary phenomenon took place Nov. 24 j and the 
 only persons who appear to have any knowleege of it 
 
1640—1642. 25 
 
 E Crabtree and his friend Jeremiah Horrox, to whom 
 Crabtree had given the secret. — William Crabtree was born 
 at Broughton in 1510 ; baptized in the Collegiate church 
 July 29 ; educated at Cambridge ; married Sept. 1733 ; 
 and was buried in the Collegiate church, Jug, 1, 1644. 
 
 1640. Edward Mosley, esq of the Hough, lord cf the manor of 
 Manchester, created a baronet by Charles I. He was the 
 grandson of Sir Nicholas Mosley, knt. who purchased the 
 manor in 1595, and who died in 1612, aged 83 years. 
 
 1641. Edward Barlow, a priest, and native of Manchester, 
 executed as a recusant, at Lancaster, April 10. 
 
 The first mention of cotton, the soft and beautiful vege- 
 table substance, forming the covering or envelope of the 
 seeds of the gossypium, or cotton plant, as an article 
 used in manufacture, appears in a small treatise, entitled 
 the Treasure of Traffic, written by Lewis Roberts, author 
 of the noted book, the Merchants' 1 Map of Commerce, hi 
 which treatise it is stated, that " the town of Manchester 
 buys the linen yarn of the Irish in great quantity, and, 
 weaving it, returns the same again to Ireland to sell: 
 neither doth her industry rest here, for they buy cotton 
 wool in London that comes first from Cyprus and Smyr- 
 na, and work the same into fustians, vermilions, dimities, 
 and other such stuffs, which they return to London, 
 where they are sold ; and thence not seldom are sent into 
 foreign parts, which have means on far easier terms to 
 provide themselves of the first material." 
 
 1642. Manchester takes part in the dispute between the king 
 and the parliament : — Sir Cecil Trafford supplies the in- 
 habitants with arms for the king. 
 
 The memorable petition in favour of peace drawn up by- 
 Richard Heyrick, Warden of Manchester, and presented 
 by him and a deputation to Charles I. at York. It was 
 signed by 64 knights and esquires, 55 divines, 740 gentle- 
 men, and about 7000 freeholders and others. Amongst 
 the deputation was the afterwards celebrated John Brad- 
 shaiv, president of the supreme court of justice. The king, 
 in his reply, declared himself equally opposed to popish 
 superstitions on the one side, and to schismatical inno- 
 vation and confusion on the other. Upon this reply the 
 town declared in favour of the parliament : the solemn 
 league and covenant was subscribed to by the Puritans at 
 Manchester, at whose head was Warden Heyrick ; and 
 who was also the head of thirty gentlemen appointed to 
 superintend the fortifications of the town against the 
 king's troops. — The county militia garrisons the town. 
 
 Charles I. issues his celebrated "commission of array," 
 
 addressed to Sir John Girlington, high sheriff of Lanca- 
 shire. James, Lord Strange, son and heir apparent of 
 William, Earl of Derby, was by the king appointed one of 
 B 
 
26 1642. 
 
 the commisioners, and lord lieutenant of the counties of 
 Lancashire and Cheshire, to put it into execution. June. 
 
 1642. A skirmish took place between the king's troops, com- 
 manded by Lord Strange, and the inhabitants of Manches- 
 ter. July 5. The town lost 11 men, and the royalists 27. 
 The town strongly fortified with posts and chains, and a 
 mud-formed barricado, at the end of the streets. 
 
 First blood spilt at Manchester between Charles and his 
 
 Parliament announced by the House of Commons as 
 " The beginning of Civil warres in England, or Terrible 
 News from the North," July 0. The civil war takes its 
 date from this obscure occurrence. 
 
 Lord Strange, with about 400 troops, appeared again be- 
 fore Manchester, July 15. Sir Thomas Stanley, Mr. Rd. 
 Holland, Mr. Holcroft, Mr. Egerton, Mr. Booth, with Mr. 
 Ashton and Mr. Moore, two members of the House of 
 Commons, had stationed themselves in the town to oppose 
 Lord Strange,invited his lordship to a banquet.which was 
 accepted ; but whilst at dinner, Captains Holcroft and 
 Birch, firm parliamentarians, with their forces entered the 
 town, and beat to arms ; a skirmish ensued, and Richard 
 Perceval, a linen weaver, of Kirkmanshulme, was slain. 
 
 Manchester besieged by Lord Strange and Lord Moli- 
 
 neux, on Sunday, Sept. 25, with an army consisting of 
 4000 foot, 200 dragoons, 100 light horse, and seven pieces 
 of cannon. After a struggle of some days the besiegers 
 quit the attempt with the" loss of two hundred men, the 
 besieged having lost only four killed and four wounded. 
 The houses, however, were much damaged, and plunder 
 to the amount of £\ 0,000 was said to have been carried 
 away by the royalists. The town is immediately more 
 completely fortified.— Salford remains true to the King. 
 
 The military operations of Manchester were under the 
 
 directions of Lieut. -Colonel John Rosworm, a German 
 soldier of experience. The town's forces were under the 
 command of Captain Ratcliffe, of Pool Fold, and 150 aux- 
 iliaries, furnished by the Asshetons of Middleton, who 
 were commanded by Captain Bradshawe. 
 
 Captain Standish, of Duxbury, a royalist, was killed by 
 
 a bullet from the tower of the Collegiate church, whilst 
 looking out of the door of Robert Widdow's house, in 
 Salford, Sept. 29, upon which his soldiers ran away. 
 
 — — In a publication bearing the serio-comic title of " Jehova 
 Jireh, God in the Mount ; or, England's Parliamentary 
 Chronicle," the parliamentarians of Manchester are eu- 
 logized " as the honest-hearted and most courageous 
 Manchesteiians ; the principal men in the kingdom, next 
 to the most famous and renowned citie of London, that 
 fight most prosperously for God and true religion." 
 
 Parliament prohibit the feoffees of the Manchester Free 
 
1642—1643. 21 
 
 Grammar School from renewing a lease of the towns mills 
 to Mr. Prestwiche, on the ground that he was a royalist. 
 
 1642. Ten barrels of gunpowder, and matches, found in the 
 Collegiate church by Sir Ralph Assheton, of Middleton. 
 
 Sir Alexander Ratclilfe, knt. of Ordsall, an active royalist 
 
 at the siege of Manchester, was taken prisoner in Essex, 
 and committed to the custody of the serjeant at arms, 
 Nov. 2. Committed to the tower Nov. g. 
 
 New fortifications were added to the town : under the 
 
 Speaker's warrant, four pieces of brass ordnance, com- 
 manded by Sir Ralph Assheton,* were ordered for its pro- 
 tection. The garrison was felt as a disagreeable tax upon 
 the persons of the Puritans, and it was presently deter- 
 mined that the estates of the " delinquents" were the 
 most proper treasury wherefrom to defray the charge of 
 its maintenance. They were taxed accordingly. 
 
 Sir Cecil Trafford, who had joined the parliamentarians, 
 
 fell into the hands of the royalists at Manchester. Dec. 2. 
 
 Two companies of the Manchester regiment embarked 
 
 in " foreign" service, and marched to Wigan, where they 
 suffered a defeat by the royalists, Dec. 
 
 The battle of Chowbent, when the Manchester regiment 
 
 obtained a " splendid victory" over the royalists, Dec. 24. 
 
 1 643. Manchester made the head quarters of the parliamentary 
 army, under Sir Thomas Fairfax, Jan. 12, and there re- 
 mained till the 2lst, when, with 2,500 foot and 28 troops of 
 horse, he marched to the relief of Northwich. 
 
 Sir John Seaton, a Scottish knight, major-general of 
 
 the parliament's forces in Lancashire, attended by Col. 
 Holland, Capt. Booth, Serjeant-Majors Birch and Sparrow, 
 with three companies of foot, march from Manchester to 
 besiege Preston, Monday, Feb. 10, which town surren- 
 dered after two hours' fighting. Capt. Booth was the first 
 to scale the walls with the cry of " Follow me, or give me 
 up for ever." The three Manchester troops " distinguish- 
 ed themselves eminently." 
 
 The Earl of Newcastle, the king's general, proposes to 
 
 the town terms of surrender, but the proposal is rejected ; 
 the Earl takes another route and goes to Hull, and thus 
 puts an end to the military affairs of the place. July. 
 
 Several curious pamphlets appear this year relating to 
 
 Manchester; the best known are " Manchester's Joy for 
 Derby's overthrow," and "Lancashire's Valley of Achor," 
 giving an account ofthe sieges of Manchester, Bolton, &c. 
 
 * The Asshetons were a powerful family, having "the lives and properties of their 
 neighbours at their disposal." In Barratt's manuscript it is stated that a gallows was 
 erected near the Hall, and that not many years ago handcuffs were still hanging from 
 the walls. One of the family was styled the Black Knight; and it is recorded by the 
 same learned authority that there was formerly a custom at Ashton -under- Lyne of 
 making the effigy of a man on Easter Monday, placing it on a lean horse, and shoot- 
 ing at it with guns and pistols. This poor martyr was christened "the Black Knight." 
 
28 1644—1647. 
 
 1644. The siege of Lathorn house commenced Feb. 28. Thi3 
 expedition had been planned by the " Holy States" of 
 Manchester, and though persisted in for three months, 
 (with some interruptions from the battle of Marston 
 Moor) and opposed only by the dauntless Countess of 
 Derby, ended in discomfiture. The besiegers were com- 
 manded by Sir Thomas Fairfax, and his officers were 
 Manchester gentlemen. The besieged were supplied with 
 the munitions of war by the royalists of this town. 
 
 Manchester consists of ten streets ; Dean gate did not 
 
 extend beyond the present back King- street, and Market • 
 street lane extended nearly to the present Spring gardens. 
 Salford consisted of three streets, and the " Old Bridge'' 
 formed the only communication between the towns. 
 
 1645. A pestilence visited the town ; and by an ordinance of 
 Parliament, July 9, it appears that it raged with such 
 violence, that for many months none had been permitted 
 to come in and go out of the town. The ordinance says, 
 " Most of the inhabitants living upon trade, are not only 
 ruined in their estates, but many families are like to perish 
 for want, who cannot be sufficiently relieved by that mi- 
 serably wasted country. The parliament voted a grant 
 of .^1000 "for the relief of Manchester," and directs a 
 collection to be made in all the churches and chapels of 
 the metropolis for the same purpose, Dec. The proceeds 
 were forwarded hither to Sir John Hartley, of Strange - 
 ways Hall. 
 
 1645. Robert Burnell "came to be sexton of Manchester 
 church ; the rates of the graves in alleys in the parish 
 part, except middle alley and two cross alleys, were five 
 shillings for a man or woman, and two shillings and six- 
 pence for a child ; and the middle alley and two cross 
 alleys were ten groats for a child,and six shillings & eight 
 pence for a man or woman." — In 1649 they were doubled. 
 
 1646. Richard Heyrick, Warden of Manchester, represents 
 Lancashire in the assembly of divines at Westminster. 
 
 Lancashire formed into an ecclesiastical province, and 
 
 its spiritual affairs consigned to the several presbyteries. 
 Oct. 2. The " Presbyterical Classis" for the county hold 
 their first meeting at Preston, Ncv. 
 
 1647. An address to the parliament got up by Heyrick, the 
 warden, and Mr. Hollingworth, one of the fellows of the 
 Collegiate church (strict Presbyterians) which was signed 
 by upwards of forty clergymen of the neighbourhood, 
 and 8,500 persons, praying the exercise of its authority 
 to put down all " Anabaptists, Brownists, Heretics, Schis- 
 matics, and Blasphemers." March 3. This intolerant 
 petition was chiefly levelled against thelndependents, who 
 were rising rapidly into religious and political notoriety. 
 
 — — George Fox, founder of the " Society of Friends," or 
 
1648—1649. 29 
 
 M Quakers," begins his ministry, and the first place he 
 preached at was Manchester, but he was soon silenced, and 
 compelled to leave the town. The earliest meeting house 
 for the use of the society was built by Mm at Swartz Moor, 
 near TJIverstone, in 1633- He died Jan. 13, l6go. 
 
 1648. The Presbyterian divines and committee of seques- 
 trators held their county meetings at Manchester. In this 
 county 145 persons were fined to the amount of ^"28,109 
 l is. 4d. Among the sufferers were — John Byrom, of Sal- 
 ford, ee20l 16s. 6d. , Edward Byrom £-2 6s. ed.; Adam 
 Bowker d£\§ 13s. ; Peter Bowker, of Manchester, ^12 , 
 Sir Edward Mosley, of Hough's-end ^4,8/4 $ Nicholas 
 Mosley, of Ancoats, ^170 ; Francis Mosley, and Nicholas 
 his son, of Collyhurst ^"200 ; Henry Pendleton, of Man- 
 chester, ^80 ; Alexander Potter, of Manchester, <^ J 4 5d. ■ 
 Sir T. Prestwiche, and Thomas his son of Hulme> ^"339 ; 
 Ferdinand Stanley, of Broughton, ^150 ; John Rogerson, 
 of Manchester, £l 8s. 4d. Sir Edward Mosley, volunta- 
 rily advanced to the King a loan of ^"20,0 U 0. 
 
 Manchester College seized and converted into a military 
 
 magazine and prison for delinquents. 
 
 1649. A solemn day of humiliation was appointed in Manches- 
 ter on the death of Charles I. Jan. 30 ; and it is recorded 
 that the general excitement of the town's people was ex- 
 cited by various natural phenomena. The unusual heavy 
 rains which fell, producing a great flood, were regarded as 
 special evidences of God's resentment. 
 
 "There were observed by hundreds of people in the 
 
 market-place of Manchester, three parhelions (mock suns) 
 about ten o'clock before noon, which vanished away one 
 after another, so that at eleven none were seen." Feb. 21. 
 
 — — The Independents, having obtained the ascendancy over 
 their rivals, the Presbyterians, exercised the monarchical 
 functions ; and one of their first acts was to appoint a 
 Committee of Sequestration, which seized all the Church 
 lands in this parish, dissolved the Collegiate body, and 
 appropriated its revenues. Heyrick, the warden, who 
 resisted the administrators of these resolutions, was 
 brought into subjection by colonel Birch, of Birch hall, 
 who forcibly entered the chapter- house of the Collegiate 
 church, which the warden had barricadoed, broke open 
 the chest, and destroyed many writings, and sent the 
 deeds of the foundation of the College to London, where 
 they remained, until they were destroyed by the great fire 
 in 1666. Parliament granted to the warden ^100 a- year, 
 and ^80 per annum to each of the fellows out of the 
 public treasury. The soldiery destroy many deeds, and a 
 portrait of Bishop Oldham, in the Free Grammar School. 
 
 ■ The College taken from the Earl of Derby, and turned 
 
 into a prison, along with the chapel on the Old Bridge. 
 
30 1649—1653. 
 
 1649. "A solemne Exhortation made and published to the 
 several churches of Christ, within the province of Lan- 
 caster," &c. 4to. published by Thomas Smith, of Man- 
 chester. 
 
 1650. In a description of Manchester and Salford, annexed to 
 a plan of the towns as they appeared in this year, it is 
 stated, " the people in and about the town are said to 
 be in general the most industrious in their callings of any 
 in the northern parts of the kingdom. The town is a mile 
 in length, the streets open and clean kept, and the build- 
 ings good. The trade is not inferior to that of many 
 cities in the kingdom, chiefly consisting in woollen friezes, 
 fustians, sackcloths, mingled stuffs, caps, inkles, tapes, 
 points, &c. whereby not only the better sort of men are 
 employed, but also the very children by their own labour 
 can maintain themselves ; there are besides all kinds of 
 foreign merchandize brought and returned by the mer- 
 chants of the town, amounting to the sum of many thou- 
 sands of pounds weekly." In this account it is asserted, 
 the parish contained 27,000 communicants. 
 
 1651. After the battle of Worcester, when Charles II. was de- 
 feated by Cromwell, Heyrick, the warden of Manchester, 
 the Rev. Mr. Herle, Rev. Richard Johnson, Rev. John An- 
 gier, Rev. Richard H oiling worth, Rev. Mr. Harrison, with 
 Mr. Gee, Mr. Lathom, Mr. Taylor, and Mr. Meek, minis- 
 ters and elder of Presbyterians in Mai.chester, and who 
 had taken an active part in the plots against the Com- 
 monwealth, were seized and conveyed to London, where 
 they were imprisoned. Mr. Heyrick with difficulty es- 
 caped a capital punishment ; and the whole, after many 
 weeks of suspense, were allowed, on paying serious 
 fines, to return to their respective homes. 
 
 1652. James, Earl of Derby, beheaded at Bolton, Oct. 15. He 
 had succeeded to the titles and estates on the death of his 
 father, Sept. 29, and his wife was the celebrated Charlotte 
 de la Tremouille, the defender of Lathom. "Among the 
 sufferers for King Charles I . none cast a greater lustre on 
 the cause, than this heroic lord, who seems to have been 
 actuated by a true spirit of honour and disinterestedness. 
 Some contracted great merit from their behaviour in that 
 quarrel j the conduct and brave death of this lord were 
 but the conclusion of a life of virtue, accomplishments, 
 and humanity." — Walpole. 
 
 The town dismantled of its fortifications. 
 
 J 653. Humphrey Chetham, esq, founder of the hospital and 
 library which bears his name, died Oct. 12, in his 74th 
 year, and was buried in the chapel of the Chethams, at the 
 east end, and behind the altar of the Collegiate church, 
 but there is no monument erected. He was descend- 
 ed of an ancient family, which derived its name from the 
 
1653. 31 
 
 existing township. He was born atCrumpsall, and baptized 
 at the Collegiate church, July 10, 1580, and is said to have 
 received his education at the Free Grammar School. His 
 wealth was chiefly derived by supplying the London mar- 
 kets with fustians, a material of dress then in almost 
 general use throughout the nation. By this commerce, 
 which was probably conducted on an extensive scale, Mr. 
 Chetham acquired opulence ; whilst his strict integrity, 
 his piety, and works of charity, secured him the respect 
 and esteem of those around him. " He was," says Fuller, 
 " a diligent reader of the scriptures, and of the works of 
 sound divines ; a respecter of such ministers as he ac- 
 counted truly godly, upright, sober, discreet and sincere. 
 He was high sheriff of the county of Lancaster anno 1635, 
 discharging that office with great honour, insomuch that 
 very good gentlemen of birth and estate did wear his cloth 
 at the assize, to testify their unfeigned affection for him. ,, 
 The charity of Humphrey Chetham was not to appear only 
 after his death. During his life he had " taken up and 
 maintained fourteen boys of the town of Manchester, six 
 of the town of Salford, and two of the town of Droylsden, 
 in all twenty -two. By his will, bearing- date Dec. 1 6, 1 65 1 , 
 he directed that the number of boys should be increased 
 to forty ; bequeathing the sum of .=£7,000 for the purchase 
 of an estate, the profits of w T hich are to be applied to the 
 support of this establishment. The operations of this be- 
 nevolent institution have been since greatly extended by 
 judicious management, and due attention to the views of 
 the founder . In 1/80 the number of boys were augmented 
 to eighty: namely,— from Manchester 28, Salford 12, 
 Droylsden 6, Crumpsall 4, Bolton 20, and Turton 10. The 
 " Hospital" is under the direction of twenty-four feoffees, 
 and a resident governor, Mr. George Crossley, elected 
 July 24, 1818, upon the death of Mr. Charles Terry. 
 
 Mr. Chetham also bequeathed the sum of ,£1,000 for the 
 purchase of books, and ^100 for a building, as the found- 
 ation of a public library ; for the augmentation of which 
 he devised the residue of his personal estate. The pro- 
 perty, which was left by Mr. Chetham for the use and 
 augmentation of the library, and for the board, &c. of the 
 librarian, amounts to about ^700 per annum. Donations 
 have been made from time to time ; so that the collection 
 now amounts to upwards of 25.000 volumes. The library 
 is open daily (Sundays excepted) from nine in the morn- 
 ing till one, and from two till five in the afternoon, except 
 in the interval from October to Easter, when it is closed 
 at four o'clock. Any person who chooses, whether resi- 
 dent or not, on going to Chetham's library, and requiring 
 to read, is requested by the sub-librarian (Mr. John Shel- 
 merdine, appointed Jan. 2, 1835) to write his name and 
 
32 1654—1662. 
 
 address in a book kept for that purpose, and having- clone 
 this, he is at liberty to read on that and every other day, 
 in a room provided for that purpose. The liberality which 
 has provided, and thrown open to unrestricted use, so vast 
 a library, is without example. The librarian is the Rev. 
 Campbell Grey Hulton, M. A. appointed Oct. 2, 1837. 
 
 Mr. Chetham further left ^200 ,; to purchase godly Eng- 
 lish books to be chained upon desks in the churches of 
 Manchester, Bolton, Turton, Gorton, and Walmersley." — 
 His principal residence was at Clayton Hall, near Man- 
 chester, and Turton Tower, near Bolton. 
 1654. Charles Worsley, Esq. of the Piatt, returned as the first 
 representative of Manchester to the House of Commons, 
 by order of Oliver Cromwell, July 1Q. 
 
 The feoffees of Humphrey Chetham's charity purchase 
 
 the "College," now known as "Chetham's Hospital." 
 The building, which succeeded to the "Baron's Hall," 
 was occupied as a residence by the Clergy of the Collegi- 
 ate church till 1547, when it fell into the hands of the Earl 
 of Derby, bat was again taken from his family, during the 
 Commonwealth. In l65b" the boys were first lodged there, 
 but the purchase was not completed until after the Res- 
 toration, from the celebrated Charlotte de la Tremouille. 
 I6a6. Richard Ratcliffe, Esq. of the Lodge, in Poolfold, re- 
 ton ed member of parliament for Manchester, Aug. 12. 
 
 Richard Hollingworth, Fellow of the Collegiate church, 
 
 and author of " Mancuniensis," died Nov. 11 ; when a 
 fast and prayer was ordered to obtain the Lord's guid- 
 ance in a successor. This was the Rev. Henry Newcombe. 
 1553. "Censures of the Church Revived," 4to. with a large 
 Epistle prefixed ; signed John Harrison, Moderator, and 
 dated Manchester, Jan, 11, 1658. 
 1859. The Presbyterians and Royalists of Manchester become 
 politically united against the Independents, July 13. 
 
 1660. The clergy of Manchester oberved a day of thanksgiving 
 on the prospect of the Restoration. March. 
 
 Last meeting of the Lancashire " Presbyterical Classis" 
 
 is held at Manchester, Aug. 14. 
 The Gallery, appropriated for the boys educated in 
 
 Chetham's Hospital, erected in the Collegiate church. 
 
 1661. The coronation of Charles II. ce±ebrated by splendid 
 processions, dinners, &c. April 23. The conduit ran claret 
 instead of water. The warden (Heyrick) preached on the 
 divine right of kings to govern. "God Save the King" 
 was his text, and the sermon was printed with strong 
 recommendations. 
 
 1682. The " Act of Uniformity" passed, Aug. 2. By this act 
 two thousand ministers were deprived of their livings in 
 the church. About seventy clergymen seceded in this 
 county. The warden ^Mr. Heyrick) who, although he 
 
1G62— 1671. 33 
 
 stood in the front rank of non-conformists, refused to 
 submit, and also resisted every attempt to remove him 
 from the church, which he considered as a life-estate 
 given to him in lieu of a debt owing to his family by 
 the crown. Charles II. was indignant at his refusal to 
 quit, and appointed Dr. Woolley to the wardenship ; but 
 the nomination was subsequently revoked at the request 
 of Heyrick's friend at court, the Earl of Manchester. — 
 Henry Xewcombe and Mr. Richardson, Fellows of the 
 Collegiate church retired, and began to preach privately 
 to congregations in the town. Jn this neighbourhood 
 the other seceders were — R. Holbrook, Salford ; R. Birch, 
 Birch Chapel ; T. Holland, Blakeley ; E. Jones, vicar of 
 Eccles ; W. Leigh, Gorton Chapel ; P. Aspinall, Heaton ; 
 G. Thomason, Heywood ; and J. Walker, Newton Heath. 
 
 1662. Manchester is stated to " possess a greater dissenting 
 population than most other towns in the kingdom," and 
 consequently became the resort of the ejected ministers. 
 
 1665. The feoffees of Chetham's Hospital made a body corpo- 
 rate under a charter granted by Charles II. Nov. 10. 
 
 1667. John Booker, a celebrated mathematician and astrologer, 
 died in April, and was buried in the church of St. James, 
 London, where a memorial was erected to him by one of 
 his admirers. He was born in Manchester, April 23, 1601, 
 and was bound apprentice to a mercer in London 3 but, 
 being tired of that business, he turned his attention to 
 astronomy and astrology, in which he became so profi- 
 cient as to be appointed licenser of all such books as re- 
 lated to mathematics or the celestial sciences. It is said 
 by Lilly, that " he had a curious fancy in judging of thefts, 
 and was quite as successful in resolving love questions." 
 
 Richard Heyrick,B. D. Warden of the Collegiate church, 
 
 died Aug. 6, aged 67 years, and was bmied near to the 
 altar of the Collegiate church, over which he had presided 
 during the greater part of the most turbulent periods of 
 English history. He was descended from the ancient 
 family of the Heyricks, at Beaumanor, in Leicestershire, 
 and educated at Oxford. He was appointed warden of 
 Manchester in 1638, obtained for him in reversion by his 
 father, in lieu of a debt owing to his family by the crown. 
 
 Nicholas Stratford, M. A. Fellow of Trinity college, Ox- 
 ford, at the age of thirty-four, appointed Warden. 
 
 Dr. Stratford, Warden, in conjunction with the fellows, 
 
 formed a new statute for the College, which permitted the 
 two chaplains to be absent forty days in the year ; the 
 four singing men twenty days each ; and the four singing 
 boys twelve days each, May. 6. 
 
 1671. Dr. John Worthington, a pious divine, and author of 
 the following works, "A Form of Sound Words ; or, a 
 Scripture Catechism," Svo. and the "Doctrine of the 
 B 2 
 
34 1672-1688. 
 
 Resurrection considered," 8vo. &c. He was born at 
 Manchester, in 1618, and died in I671. 
 
 16/2. The Presbyterians in Manchester collected into a body- 
 by the Rev. Henry Newcombe, late fellow of the Collegiate 
 church.-— A Chapel built in Acres field, (Cross-street.) 
 
 16/3. An Act was passed for confirming the sale of the manor 
 of Hulme, and certain lands in the parish of Manchester, 
 to Sir Edward Mosley by the Prestwiche family. Hulme 
 Hall is a singularly curious and picturesque half-timbered 
 house, and was long the seat of the Prestwiche family, 
 who ruined their fortunes in the civil wars, by taking the 
 royal side : the last baronet died in absolute poverty. — 
 The only daughter of Sir Edward Mosley, bart. of Rolles- 
 ton, being married to Sir John Bland, of Kippax park, in 
 Yorkshire, Hulme Hall became the property and residence 
 of that family. 
 
 )679. Charles Bennet, a child three years old, "did speak 
 Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, though never taught those 
 languages, and at his own earnest request, was taken 
 from Manchester to be introduced to the King." 
 
 Five old bells of the Collegiate church recast into six. 
 
 Sarah, Duchess of Somerset, appoints by her will sixteen 
 
 scholarships in Brazennose college, Oxford, and the same 
 number in St. John's college, Cambridge, and directed 
 that the scholarships should be elected by turns for ever 
 out of Manchester school, and the free schools of Here- 
 ford and Marlborough. 
 
 16SO. Alms-houses, Millar's-lane, erected at the expense of 
 ^309 10s. 2d. 
 
 lf>84. Nicholas Stratford, D.D. Warden of the College, resigned, 
 and became preacher of Aldermanbury, London. Ap- 
 pointed to the see of Chester, 1689, void by the death of 
 Bp. Cartwright, for the service he rendered William III. 
 
 Richard Wroe, Fellow of the College, appointed warden, 
 
 May 1, being the first fellow so promoted. 
 
 1685. The porch of the Collegiate church built at the parish 
 charge. 
 
 1688. t Proposals were issued for publishing a work entitled, 
 " Briganta Lancasteriensis restaurata, by Richard Kuer- 
 den, M.D. a laborious topographer and antiquary, who 
 descended from an ancient family at Kuerden, near Pres- 
 ton. The publication was never accomplished ; and 
 the manuscript, written in an obscure hand, in five vols, 
 folio, now quietly reposes in the Chetham library. 
 
 "■• — This year is memorable in the annals of the Free 
 Grammar school, for a juvenile rebellion which broke 
 out upon some cause of discontent, and lasted for a 
 fortnight ; during which time the young insurgents, who 
 had taken possession of the school, to the exclusion of 
 the masters, were supplied by some of the inhabitants 
 
1688—1695. 35 
 
 with beds and victuals, as well as with fire arms and 
 ammunition, but at the end were compelled to surrender. 
 
 1688. The manufacturers and traders of Manchester, having 
 accumulated capital, began to build modern brick houses 
 in place of those of mud and plaster. 
 
 ■ The revolution in favour of William, Prince of Orange, 
 
 excited no particular or popular sensation in Manchester 
 as it did in most other parts of the kingdom j nor did 
 King William visit it on his route to Ireland, when he 
 sailed from Liverpool. 
 
 In the reign of William and Mary, the taxable property 
 
 in Manchester was rated at ^43/5 ; and the first assess- 
 ment for the land-tax, at 4s. in the pound, produced 
 ^8/5. 
 
 1639. Assizes held at Manchester (by adjournment from Lan- 
 caster) for the trial of the prisoners in what was called 
 the "Lancashire Plot," October 18. 
 
 1 690. About this time, the art of calico printing was intro- 
 duced into England from France. It ranks among those 
 advantages which England gained by the revocation of 
 the edict of Nantes, by Louis XIV. in 1685. 
 
 1691. Wm. Hulme, Esq., of Kearsley, died, and was buried 
 in a small chapel which goes by his name, on the south 
 side of the Collegiate church. He was the founder of 
 " Hulme's Divinity Lecture,'' at Oxford. In 1814, the 
 annual proceeds of his bequest amounted to .=£2,355 over 
 and above the interest of the sum of ^23,760. 
 
 A letter appeared from a gentleman in Manchester, con- 
 cerning a notorious blasphemer who died in despair. 
 This letter was published. December 10. 
 
 1693. A prescriptive claim, set up by the lord of the manor 
 for a duty of twopence per pack on all goods sold within 
 the manor, is defeated. 
 
 1694. Sir Giles Eyres held a Court at Manchester, for the trial 
 of certain influential parties supposed to be implicated in 
 "The Lancashire Plot," in favour of King James II. 
 among whom were H. Willoughby, Ralph Ashton, James 
 Holt, Thomas Lever, James Yates, Nicholas Starkie, 
 Henry Farrington, and Joseph Horton. By a skilful 
 manoeuvre of one of their party, who contrived to mis- 
 lead Lunt, the informer against them, (a man employed 
 as messenger by the exiled James} the gentlemen escaped 
 conviction. 
 
 1695. Henry Newcombe, M.A. late Fellow of the Collegiate 
 church, died. He was ejected by the act of uniformity. 
 Mr. Newcombe, at the head of the nonconformists, had 
 run a parallel course of popularity with that of the war- 
 den. Many individuals of rank, including Lady Meriel 
 Mosley, who became his great patroness, were among 
 his constant hearers. Various efforts were made by him 
 
36 1693 — 1707. 
 
 to revive the Presbyterian discipline, and to win over the 
 Independents ; but ended in a declaration of " willing- 
 ness to consider the circumstances, and to give the best 
 advice they could." Of Newcombe we have this high 
 testimony, " great men courted his acquaintance, and to 
 the meanest Christian he was a most cordial friend.'' 
 
 1695. By an indenture bearing this date, it appears that the 
 fee with an apprentice to a Manchester manufacturer, 
 was ^?60, serving seven years. 
 
 1693. A new pulpit and new seats made in the Collegiate 
 church. 
 
 1/00. Nathaniel Edmondson, a woollen draper in Manchester, 
 ordered the marble pavement in the altar of the Collegiate 
 church "to be laid down at his own expense." The 
 reason of his gift is recorded on a tablet placed against 
 a pillar on the south side of the choir, in the follow- 
 ing inscription: — "Ne Altari novis sumptions extruc- 
 to, et modeste ornato, Dispar foret Pavimentum, Mar- 
 moreum iieri curavit Nathanael Edmundson, Lanarius 
 Mancuniensis. A.D. 1/00. '' 
 
 — — The tapestry covering the altar-screen of the Collegiate 
 church was the donation of Mr. Samuel Brooke, and was 
 fixed up in its present situation Feb. 4. A tablet above 
 records the name of the donor of this tapestry in the 
 following inscription : — u deo dants dedit dso & 
 ecclesi^3 SA31L. brooke Vicc mo - qu r0 - die Feb. An. Dom. 
 1700." The tapestry represents the offering of the early 
 Christians, mentioned in Acts iv. 34, and the death of 
 Ananias and Sapphira. The letters V.M., H.W., and 
 and G. K., which appear near the feet of one of the female 
 figures, are supposed to be the initials of the persons by 
 whom the tapestry was made ; and the date, 1661, indi- 
 cates, of course, the time of its manufacture. 
 
 1701. The town of Liverpool rises rapidly into importance, 
 and first forms the port of Manchester. 
 
 The import of raw cotton was ] ,935,868 pounds, the ex- 
 port of cotton goods being ^33,253. 
 
 1/02. In the household book of a respectable tradesman of 
 Manchester, there is for the first time a charge of 10s. 
 for tea and coffee. 
 
 1706. George Ogden, vicar of Ribchester, and fellow of the 
 Collegiate church, died, aged 70. 
 
 Four large silver flagons presented to the Collegiate 
 
 church, Sunday, April 4 ; the four old ones of pewter 
 given to Gorton, Stretford, Newton, and Didsbury. 
 
 1/07- Nicholas Stratford, Bishop of Chester, late Warden of 
 the Collegiate church, died Sept. 12. Dr. Stratford was 
 dean of St. Asaph, prebendary of Lincoln, and had the 
 living of Llanroost, in Wales. Having married a daugh- 
 ter of the Bishop of Rochester, he was appointed Warden 
 
1708—1716. 37 
 
 of Manchester at the age of 34. The close of his warden- 
 ship, in 1 664, was marked with turbulent events, arising 
 from political and religious destractions, owirg to the 
 distictions which now obtained the name of Whig and 
 Tory. Persecutions became fierce : Judge Jefferies en- 
 forced them with great severity in North Lancashire ; 
 but Stratford, the warden, to his honour, alleviated the 
 suffering, and prevented the persecution of the dissen- 
 ters in Manchester. He was a learned and very good 
 man : a frequent preacher, both when warden and bishop i; 
 zealous in the pulpit, and exemplary out of it. His 
 charity was conspicuous, and he has left a name that 
 will be mentioned with respect and honour. 
 
 1/03. An act of parliament obtained for erecting St. Ann's 
 church, and building St. Ann's- square, when it was 
 enacted that " the square should be thirty yards wide, to 
 afford space for the purpose of holding ' Acres fair.' " 
 
 l/GQ. St. Ann's church, St. Ann's-square, founded by Lady 
 Ann Bland, of Hulme hall, May 18 : consecrated July 17, 
 1712. It was dedicated to St. Ann, in compliment to the 
 lady who had laid the foundation stone, and who was the 
 greatest contributor to it. The living is a rectory in the 
 gift of the Bishop of Chester. The present rector is 
 the Rev. H. W. M'Giath. 
 
 1713. William Assheton, D. D. rector of Beckenham, died. He 
 was born at Middleton in 1 64 1 , and is known as the origi- 
 nator of a scheme for providing a maintenance for cler- 
 gymen's widows ; but the plan did not succeed according 
 to the scheme of the founder. He published various 
 small matters, one of which is entitled, " Toleration dis- 
 approved and condemned by the authority and convinc- 
 ing reasons of that wise and learned king, James I., and 
 his privy council ;" another is, "Whether the execution 
 of penal laws upon dissenters be persecution 5" and a 
 third is a discourse on "The possibility of apparitions." 
 The relater of his life states that " he was meek as a 
 lamb, harmless as a dove, but withal wise to distinguish 
 persons, times, and places ; that he diverted sad stories 
 and decried false ones; and that he drunk wine as sick 
 men take physic, merely for health." 
 
 1715. The Presbyterian chapel, Acres -field, (.Cross- street,) 
 nearly destroyed by a jacobin mob, headed by Thomas 
 Syddall, the "peruke maker." Parliament granted 
 ^1500 to repair it. This chapel was rebuilt in 1737, en- 
 larged 1733, and re-edificed 1779— now possessed by the 
 Unitarians. 
 
 1716. Thomas Syddall, \Vm. Harris, Stephen Seager, Joseph 
 Porter, and John Finch, executed at Manchester, Feb. 11. 
 They had been tried by a commission at Liverpool, along 
 with sixty. five other Preston prisoners* 
 
38 1716—1725. 
 
 1716, General Willis arrives in Manchester with the army 
 under his command, and prepares to attack Mr. Foster 
 and the Scottish forces. 
 
 1/18. Richard Wroe, D.D., Warden of the Collegiate church, 
 died January 1. He was born at Ratcliffe, in this county, 
 August 21, 1641, and educated at Cambridge. He was 
 appointed fellow of the College March 9, 1675 ; prebend 
 of Chester March J 5, I678; and D.D. 1686. His happy 
 talent of preaching in the pulpit gave him the distinguish- 
 ing character of Silver-tongued Wroe. He was an exem- 
 plary pattern of morality and piety. He was universally 
 beloved when living, and at his death as much lamented 
 by all who knew him. 
 
 Samuel Peploe, Vicar of Preston, a firm whig, appoint- 
 ed warden by George I. , but Dr. Francis Gastrell, Bishop 
 of Chester, being a tory, refused to confirm him in his 
 office, on the pretext of the insufficiency of his university 
 degree. The bishop's opposition gave rise to a publication 
 11 On the English Constitution in Church and State." It 
 was not till three years after the nomination of Peploe, 
 that the Court of King's Bench decided in this matter. — 
 It is recorded, that Mr. Peploe owed his advance in the 
 Church to the following circumstance : being required to 
 perform divine service before the Pretender, at Preston in 
 1/15, he had the courage to pray for the reigning family. 
 
 1/20. In a full convocation of the university of Oxford, it was 
 unanimously decreed that the solemn thanks of that uni- 
 versity should be returned to Dr. Francis Gastrell, Bishop 
 of Chester, for his having so fully asserted the rights, 
 privileges, and dignity belonging to university degrees, 
 in his book, entitled the Bishop of Chester's case relating 
 to the Wardenship of Manchester, &c. — March 22. 
 
 Oswald Mosley, of Rolleston in the county of Stafford- 
 lord of the manor, created a baronet, June 18. 
 
 1721. The rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable to Liver- 
 peol, for vessels of 50 tons, June 6. 
 
 A post from Manchester to London and the north three 
 
 times a- week : eight days required to effect the inter- 
 change of letters. 
 
 - — Not more than four gentlemen's carriages were kept in 
 Manchester and Salford. 
 
 1722. A post-office first established at Manchester. 
 
 1724. Dr. Stukeley published his "Itinerarium Curiosum ;" 
 in which Manchester is described '• as the largest, most 
 
 rich, populous, and busy village in England, having about 
 twenty-four thousand families." This must include the 
 whole parish. 
 
 1725. Dr. Peploe, Warden of Manchester, promoted to the see 
 of Chester, retaining at the same time the wardenship 
 in commendam. Bishop Gastrell died Nov. 24, 17-5. 
 
1726—1733. - 39 
 
 1726. Bishop Gastrell having appointed Mr. Assheton to a 
 vacant chaplain ship in the Collegiate church, the warden 
 (now bishop of Chester) opposed the appointment, and 
 succeeded in obtaining from the crown the nomination 
 of Mr. Whittaker, who accordingly was sworn in under 
 protest on the part of the fellows. Mr. Assheton having 
 appealed to the Court of King's bench, obtained a man- 
 damus which overruled the right of the bishop to visit 
 himself as warden, and succeeded in being appointed. 
 
 An Act of Parliament was passed, appointing the King 
 
 as visitor of the Collegiate church, when the warden ship 
 was held in commendam. 
 
 Didsbury living alienated to Dame Ann Bland, of Hulme 
 
 Hall, Dec. 12, for advancing ^200 for the Queen Ann's 
 bounty. The act, called the queen's bounty, passed in 
 1702, was to increase the value of the poorer vicarages. 
 
 1727. A collection of curious papers was published in this year, 
 relating to Mr. Assheton ; showing him to be justly sus- 
 pected of disaffection to his Majesty, and Mr. Assheton's 
 reply. The writers in this controversy were Dr. John 
 Byrom and Mr Kenyon. 
 
 1729. The Old Exchange, Manchester, built at the charge of 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, bart. 
 
 William Huddlestone, a Benedictine monk, formally re- 
 nounced the creed of the Roman Catholic church in the 
 Collegiate church, Nov. 4. 
 
 1730. Kersal Moor races established. Dr. John Byrom, in a 
 pamphlet which he published, strongly opposed them. — 
 Dr. Peploeatthe same time denounced assemblies, pro- 
 hibiting clergymen from attending them. 
 
 The plan of spinning with rollers commenced by John 
 
 Wyatt, of Birmingham. The first model of a machine 
 made by Mr. Wyatt, 1/33. 
 
 The Manchester Gazette, published by Henry Whit- 
 worth, Dec. 22. In 1737 the title was changed to the 
 Manchester Magazine. 
 
 The small tithes of the parish of Manchester amounted 
 
 to ^110 per annum. 
 
 1731. An act to prevent the stealing of linen, fustian, and 
 other wares, from the fields where they are whitening or 
 drying, May 17. 
 
 An Act respecting a public work-house for Manchester 
 
 was defeated, because the whig party would have had 
 the management, although supported by the ministry. 
 
 1732. The Society of Friends' chapel, Jackson's- row, (the first 
 erected in Manchester) fell into disuse. 
 
 1733. The Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester twice, and 
 preached both at the Collegiate church and at St. Ann's. 
 
 Henry Gore, a mathematician, author of the " Elements 
 
 of Sound Geometry," a native of Manchester, died. 
 
40 1735—1741. 
 
 1/35. The south side of St. Ann's-square, King-street, and 
 Ridge-field, first built upon. 
 
 The Rev. John Wesley visited Manchester to consult 
 
 his friends on his newly-formed project of going; out a 
 missionary to Georgia; he preached in Trinity chapel, 
 Salford. George Whitfield visited Manchester in this year. 
 
 1736. The Rev. Nathaniel Baun, rector of St. Ann's church, 
 died Sept. 9. 
 
 The register of the baptisms, marriages, and burials, 
 
 of St. Ann's church commenced Dec. 11. 
 
 1737. The Presbyterian (old dissenters) chapel, Cross-street, 
 rebuilt— enlarged, 1788— organ erected therein, 1799. 
 
 The following epigram, written by Dr. John Byrom, 
 
 against two tenants of the School Mills, who were re- 
 markably thin, afford a specimen in which those Mills 
 were regarded : — 
 
 Bone and Skin, two millers thin, 
 
 Would starve us all or near it ; 
 But be it known to Skin and Bone, 
 
 That Flesh and Blood can't bear it. 
 
 1738. The mode of spinning by rollers farther improved by 
 John Wyatt, and a patent taken out in the name of Lewis 
 Paul, his partner. 
 
 The fly shuttle invented by John Kay, of Bury. 
 
 Samuel Peploe, Bishop of Chester, and Warden of Man- 
 chester, resigned the latter in favour of his son, Samuel 
 Peploe, jun. LL.D. chancellor, and a prebendary of Ches- 
 ter, archdeacon of Richmond, and rector of Worthenden 
 andTaxhallj and to which was added, in 1742, the rich 
 living of Tattenhall, in Chester. 
 
 1740. The Baptist chapel, Withy-grove, built. 
 
 The agency system commences, and cotton weaving 
 
 extends into the country. 
 
 About this time Manchester merchants began to give 
 
 out warps and raw cotton to the weavers, receiving them 
 back in cloth, and paying for the carding, roving, spin- 
 ning, and weaving.* 
 
 1741. St. Thomas's chapel, Ardwick, consecrated, Nov. 10. 
 It is a perpetual curacy, in the presentation of the warden 
 and fellows of the Collegiate church. The present minis- 
 ter is the Rev. CD. Wray, M. A. The Rev. R. Tweddell, 
 sometime minister, presented to the chapel a remarkably 
 elegant and large chandelier. At this period Ardwick was 
 a detached village, cut off from Manchester by nearly a 
 mile of cultivated fields. 
 
 * The wearing of a piece, containing twelve pounds of eighteenpenny weft, occupied 
 a waavor about fourteen days, and he received for the weaving 18s.; spinning the weft, 
 at ninepencs per pound, 9s., picking, carding, and roving, 8«.~ Guest. 
 
1741—1745. 41 
 
 1/41. A spining engine with rollers, constructed by John 
 Wyatt, and "turned by two or more asses," were in use 
 in the Upper Priory, Birmingham. Another of like con- 
 struction, containing 250 spindles, turned by water, was 
 at Northampton, the property, in part, of Edward Cave, 
 the projector and proprietor of the Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 1742. The parish organ in the Collegiate church built. 
 
 743. East India yarns used in Lancashire up to this period, 
 for the finer kind of goods. 
 
 The import of cottonwool amounted to l,132,288lbs. 
 
 The quantity retained for home consumption 1.091,4 I8lbs. 
 
 1744. Prince Charles Edward Stuart passed several weeks in 
 the summer of this year at Ancoats hall, in privacy. Sir 
 Oswald Mosley was not himself at Ancoats during the 
 concealment of the prince there: he remained at Rolles- 
 ton, in Staffordshire, during the rebellion of 1745. 
 45. Dr. Thomas Deacon, a nonjuring bishop, came to reside 
 in Manchester as a physician, and practised with success, 
 but still continued to have a higher relish for the profes- 
 sion of priest than that of a physician 5 he founded for 
 himself an episcopal chapel in Manchester, which he 
 styled the " True British Catholic Church." 
 — Kersal moor races discontinued. 
 
 — The Rev. Joseph Hoole, M. A. rector of St. Ann's church, 
 died Nov. 27. 
 
 — Corporal Dickson and a drummer, belonging to the Pre- 
 tender's army, took military possession of Manchester, 
 Nov. 28. A party of the inhabitants resolved upon " taking 
 him prisoner, dead or alive." A fight ensued, the issue of 
 which was, that the Jacobite party defending Dicksou and 
 the drummer, the assailants were repulsed, and during the 
 rest of the day they paraded the streets in triumph, and 
 obtained about 180 recruits, who were remarkable by their 
 white cockades. In the evening the vanguard of the 
 army entered the town. 
 
 - The main body of the army, under the command of 
 Prince Charles Edward, (the Pretender,) entered Man- 
 chester about ten o'clock in the morning-, Nov. 20. The 
 troops marched into St. Ann's-square, at the time the 
 last obsequies were being paid over the grave of the Rev. 
 Joseph Hoole. Some of the officers joined decorously in 
 the service. The prince arrived about two in the after- 
 noon, and took up his residence at the house of Mr. 
 Dickinson, in Market -street-lane, afterwards known as 
 the Palace Inn, acd now the Palace Buildings. The 
 prince had marched through Salford, where he was met 
 by the Rev. John Clayton, who falling on his knees, 
 prayed for the divine blessing upon him. 
 
 Prince Charles Edward proclaimed as James III. in 
 Manchester, upon which there were public illuminations, 
 
42 1715. 
 
 &c. Nov. 29. Some of the adherents of the prince went 
 to the printing-office of Mr, Whit*orth, proprietor of the 
 'Magazine,' and compelled Thomas Bradbury, a journey- 
 man, (in the absence of his master) to print several mani- 
 festos and other papers, which were produced on their 
 trial, and led to their condemnation. 
 1743. Prince Charles Edward observed the religious duties of 
 the Sabbath at the Collegiate church, after which he 
 inspected the troops in the church-yard. The sermon 
 was preached by Thomas Cappock, whom the prince had 
 appointed his chaplain, Nov. 30. 
 
 The Pretender's army quits Manchester for the South,in 
 
 which. w r as a regiment of 300 Manchester men, Dec. l. 
 
 The Pretender's army re-enters Manchester on their 
 
 retreat to the North, Dec. 8, and finally left the town on 
 the following day. Manchester Regiment consists of 114. 
 
 The Pretender, with the advice of his council, levied a 
 
 contribution of .£'5000 upon the inhabitants of Manches- 
 ter, and compelled several of the wealthiest of the Whig 
 party to become sureties ; but as the money could not be 
 raised before he left for the South, he took with him as 
 hostage, Mr. James Bayley, a gentleman between seventy 
 and eighty years of age, and did not liberate him, even 
 upon his return from thence, until the rest of the money 
 had been raised, a part of which Mr. Bayley was obliged 
 to provide out of his own private fortune. The parties 
 implicated in the rebellion of this year, in Manchester, 
 were— first, certain leading gentlemen of the town; 
 secondly, the clergy of the Collegiate church, all of whom, 
 except Dr. Peploe, Cwho laboured singly and unceasingly 
 in defence of George II.) were among the most zealous 
 Jacobites, taking every occasion to promote disaffection 
 from the pulpit, and to influence the particular feelings 
 of their hearers in behalf of the Pretender ; third, Dr. 
 Deacon, and his band of Nonjurors, w T ho was decidedly 
 the most active in the insurrection, and whose three sons 
 joined the Pretender. 
 
 — — At the surrender of Carlisle to the Duke of Cumberland, 
 Dec. 24, the following officers of the " Manchester Regi- 
 ment" fell into the hands of the royalists. Colonel Fran- 
 cis Townley; Captains James Dawson, George Fletcher, 
 John Sanderson, Peter Moss, Andrew Blood, T. D. Mor- 
 gan ; Lieutenants T. Deacon, Robert Deacon, Thomas 
 Chadwick, John Berwick. John Ho.ker, Thomas Furni- 
 val ; Ensigns Charles Deacon, Samuel Maddock, Charles 
 Gaylor, James Wilding, John Hunter, John Brettagh; 
 Adjutant Syddall ; and Quarter Master Cappock, who had 
 deserted the pulpit for the avocations of war. Of non- 
 commissioned officers and piivates there ■ ire only rine- 
 ty-three remaining. The officers were seLi in w ™ia 
 
1746. 43 
 
 to London, and the subordinates were thrown into the 
 piisons of Carlisle, Penrith, and Kendal. Before they 
 were marched to the metropolis the former were confined 
 in the town jail, and the privates in the cathedral of the 
 first named place. 
 
 746. The trial of the officers of the " Manchester Regiment" 
 commenced at London, July 16. Captain Fletcher had 
 been urged to turn kind's evidence, but he spurned the 
 base offer. Ensign Maddock was less unbending ; he 
 betrayed his associates. Evidence the least satisfactory 
 was adduced, and the prisoners were allowed very little 
 consideration in meeting their accusers. The inquiry, 
 though hurried on, lasted three days, terminating in the 
 conviction of all the prisoners. Captains Moss and Hol- 
 kar effected their escape. 
 
 — Colonel Francis Town ley, Captains Thomas Theodorus 
 Deacon,James Dawson,* John Beswick, George Fletcher, 
 and Andrew Blood; and Lieutenant Thomas Chadwick 
 and Adjutant Thomas Syddall, officers in the Manchester 
 regiment of rebels, weie executed on Kensington Com- 
 mon with all the cruel inflictions to which persons guilty 
 of high treason were subject, July 30. After the execu- 
 tion, the heads of Captain Deacon and Adjutant Syddall 
 were brought down to Manchester, and stuck upon the 
 Exchange, Aug. 3. Dr. Deacon was the first to gaze 
 upon the remains of his son : though bowed with age and 
 adversity, he subdued his parental sorrows so far as to 
 salute the unbodied head, and to express his rejoicing 
 that he had possessed a son who could firmly suffer mar- 
 tyrdom in such a cause. On the other hand, they were 
 scoffed at as " the Gods spiked upon the Exchange;" as 
 "Tyburn Gods," gone to sulphureous and ^tormenting 
 flames. 
 
 James Miller, a Manchester man, who was in the Pre- 
 tender's army, and taken prisoner at Carlisle, left behind 
 him a history of his misfortunes and those of his com- 
 rades, which may be found in Chetham's library, among 
 the manuscripts of Mr. Barratt. After the battle of Car- 
 lisle, of non-commissioned officers and privates of the 
 Manchester regiment, only ninety •three remained. 
 - During the greater part of this year, the magistrates held 
 regular sittings at "The Dangerous Corner," and com- 
 pelled the disaffected or the doubtful to take oaths of alle- 
 giance to the reigning monarch. The Jacobites were the 
 butt of much persecution. The Assembly-room, the pri- 
 vate ball, the Exchange, the place of worship, were made 
 firenas for exhibitions of party rancour. At Church, did 
 
 **# the affe .g ballad by Shenston, who has entwine 1 around the story of Cap*. 
 ♦ he strongest interest. 
 
44 1746- 1749. 
 
 they offer negative worship to James III. by refusing- to 
 j in in the Church prayers for his antagonist, George II. 
 The following stanza, since so famed, was penned by Dr. 
 John Byrom at this time : 
 
 God bless the King — I mean our faith's defender ! 
 God bless (no harm in blessing) vhe Pretender ! 
 But who Pretender is, or who is Kins, — 
 God bless us all— that's quite another thing ! 
 
 1746. James Waller, Esq., of Ridgefield, Boroughreeve. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Cappock, the reputed Bishop of 
 
 Carlisle, was brought to trial in that city ; and with so little 
 ceremony was this dignitary treated, that he was taken 
 into court robed in his gown and cassock ; and, being 
 found guilty of high treason, he was drawn, hanged, and 
 quartered, Oct. 18. Me was a native of Manchester, and 
 received Iris education at the Free Grammar School and 
 at one of the universities ; he received the appointment of 
 Chaplain to Prince Charles at Manchester j he afterwards 
 turned Quarter Master; but again assuming the priestly 
 garb, he was preferred to the see of Carlisle. 
 
 James Bradshaw, Lieutenant of the " Manchester Regi- 
 ment of rebels,executed at Kensington Common, Nov. 28. 
 
 Sermons, rejoicings, and illuminations at Manchester, 
 
 in honour of the " deliverance," (overthrow of the pre- 
 tender) Oct. o. The houses of Dr. Deacon, the hapless 
 Midow Syddall, and others, were roughly used by a mob. 
 
 1717. This year is memorable in the Annals of Manchester 
 for the origin of Methodism. Some young men " began 
 a society and took a room" on or near the present site of 
 Bateman's Buildings, in Deansgate ; few persons joined 
 the society at first in this town ; its members were sus- 
 pected of being emissaries of the Pretender. John Wesley 
 himself was indecorously treated by the multitude ; for, 
 preaching at Salford Cross in this year, he looked with 
 great apprehension on the " unbroken spirits" around 
 him, one of whom threatened to " bring out the engine" 
 and play it upon him. 
 
 Mr. Fowden, the suspected constable of Manchester, 
 
 and Mr. Ogden, the younger, were tried at Lancaster for 
 high treason, but acquitted, April. 
 
 1743. Lewis Paul takes out a second patent " for carding of 
 wool and cotton" by means of a revolving cylinder. 
 
 " Jacobite and Nonjuring Principles Examined. In a 
 
 Letter to the Master Tool of the Faction in Manchester." 
 By J. Owen, &c. Manchester, 1748. The writer was a 
 dissenting minister at Rochdale, it was addressed to John 
 Byrom and ran through two editions. 
 
 1749. Many of the unfortunate "Manchester Regiment" re- 
 moved from Southwark jail for transportation, Jan. II. 
 
1749—1752, 45 
 
 1749- The heads of Deacon and Syddall stolen from the top of 
 the exchange. Jan. 
 
 The import of cotton wool amounted to 1,653.365 lbs. — 
 
 The quantity retained for home consumption 1 ,327,367 lbs. 
 
 "Manchester Vindicated/' A complete collection of 
 
 the papers published in defence of that town, in the Ches- 
 ter Courant, with those on the other side of the question, 
 printed in the Manchester Magazine or elsewhere, which 
 are answered in the said Chester Courant. Chester : 
 printed by and for Elizabeth Adams. 324 pages, 24mo. — 
 This lady was the widow of Roger Adams, who printed 
 the first Manchester newspaper, (17 19) and mother of 
 Orion Adams, a well known and worthy typographer. 
 
 1750. Hackney Coaches first attempted to be established in 
 Manchester. The extremities of the town being within 
 the distance of a few minutes walk, the accommodation 
 was not eagerly received, and the scheme entirely failed, 
 sedan-chairs being considered prefereable. 
 
 — Methodist Chapel, Birchin-lane, built.— Now occupied 
 as a warehouse by Mary Bealey and Son. 
 
 1751. Hulme hall sold by the Bland family to G. Lloyd, esq. 
 - A School was endowed by Samuel, Thomas, and George 
 
 Birch, in the township of Ardwick. 
 
 1752. Samuel Peploe, Bishop of Chester, and late Warden of 
 the Collegiate church, died Feb. 21, aged 84. It has been 
 shown that Dr. Peploe and the clergy of Manchester were 
 upon very bad terms while he was warden, which caused 
 him to resign in favour of his son, by which act the 
 power of the sovereign, as temporary visitor of the col- 
 lege, reverted to the bishop, and he soon resolved to exer- 
 cise his authority. He demanded an investigation into 
 the whole affairs of the college, from the year 171 8, and 
 ascertained that many abuses had occurred. Entering 
 the chapter-house on a day fixed for a public court of 
 inquiry " he denounced the fellows and chaplains as void 
 of honour, void of common honesty, and void of grace, 
 and charged them with a wilful intention to wrong the 
 college." The fellows and chaplains made a most 
 humble, submissive, and, to the bishop, satisfactory con- 
 cession ; they implored his pardon for all their irreverence 
 and disrespect, and promised, as in duty bound, to be 
 most obedient in all future time. The reconciliation 
 which ensued protected his lordship from the repetition 
 of any further insult or contumelious behaviour which 
 the fellows and chaplains of the Manchester College 
 might be otherwise disposed to offer him, either on the 
 ground of his religious or political opinions. Dr. Peploe 
 possessed a disposition alive to every claim of justice, 
 which was appealed to him to redress, and as indifferent 
 of what the power of man could inflict upon him, as of 
 
46 1752—1753. 
 
 public opinion or censure, so long as he conceived that 
 he was conscientiously discharging the duties of his 
 office. He was buried in Chester cathedral, over which 
 he had presided for twenty-seven years. 
 1732. The Manchester Mercury, No. 1, March 3, printed and 
 published by Joseph Harrop, at the sign of the Printing- 
 press, opposite the Exchange, on Tuesday. No price 
 affixed. At No. 9, the title is changed to Harrop's Man- 
 chester Mercury and General Advertiser, embellished 
 with a curious wood-cut, and published opposite the 
 clock side of the Exchange. 
 
 Thefollowing is the editorial article with which this paper 
 was ushered into existence:—'- To the Public. Having 
 been greatly encouraged to publish a weekly newspaper, 
 I lately advertized that I intended speedily to proceed 
 upon that design ; and having now procured a new set 
 of types to print with, I have here begun to execute it. — 
 I shall take care to answer the proposals in my advertise- 
 ment by the contents of the paper, and a favourable re- 
 ception will, I hope, enable me to it with success. Though 
 in a time of general peace a great dearth of foreign ad- 
 vices may be urged as a discouragement to my undertak- 
 ing at this juncture ; yet the friendly excitement that 
 I have had, and the honest desire of employment in my 
 proper calling in the place of my nativity, are motives 
 excuseable at least for attempting in a private station to 
 bespeak the encouragement of the public, to whom I pro- 
 pose to give all the satisfaction that I can, and no just 
 cause of offence whatsoever. Such of my countrymen 
 and others who intend me the favour of their subscrip- 
 tions, shall have the paper delivered at their house with 
 all due care and expedition by 
 
 their obliged humble servant, 
 
 Joseph Harrop." 
 
 Trinity Chapel, Salford, taken down and rebuilt. It is 
 
 a neat stone edifice, of the Doric order, with a gothic 
 steeple, in which there are six bells, and a clock with two 
 faces. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the presenta- 
 tion of Sir Robert Gore, Bart. The present minister is 
 -the Rev. Samuel Booth, M.A. 
 
 The Manchester Infirmary owes its origin to several 
 
 worthy characters of the town ; but more particularly to 
 Joseph Bancroft, Esq. and to Charles White, Esq., an 
 eminent surgeon. The first house to carry on the pur- 
 pose of the charity, was in Garden-street, Shudehill — 
 opened June 24. 
 
 The Old Market erected, on the site of the present 
 
 Fish Market. 
 
 ] 753 . Dr. Thomas Deacon, whose conduct was so conspicuous 
 
1753—1754. 4.7 
 
 in the rebellion of 1745, died Feb. 16. He lies buried (with 
 many of his family) beneath a tomb near the north-east 
 corner of St. Ann's Church-yard, with the following in - 
 scription : " Here lie interred the remains (which through 
 mortality are at present corrupt, but which shall one day 
 surely be raised again to immortality and put on incor- 
 ruption,) of Thomas Deacon, the greatest of sinners and 
 most unworthy of primitive bishops, who died 16th Feb- 
 ruary, 1/53, in the .5uth year of his age." 
 1753. The Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company issued the 
 following advertisement, April 27. — "The proprietors ot 
 the rivers Mersey and Irwell give notice that they will for 
 the future cany goods and merchandize for those per- 
 sons who employ their Flats, in Summer as well as Win- 
 ter, at the following prices, viz. from Bank Key to the 
 Key at Manchester at 6d. per hundred, from the 1st of 
 May to the 1 1th of November ; and at 7d. per hundred 
 from the 11th of November to the 1st of May : and from 
 the Key at Manchester to Bank Key at 4d. per hundred 
 at all times. 
 
 N.B.— There are good convenient Warehouses at both 
 Keys, and great care will be taken of all goods that come 
 up or go down that river." 
 
 A shock of an earthquake at Manchester, June 22. 
 
 A general turn-out of the bricklayers, carpenters, and 
 
 joiners, at Manchester. 
 
 A trial at Lancaster between the warden and fellows of 
 
 the Collegiate church and the weavers, the former 
 demanding 4d. each loom in lieu of tithes, at Easter. 
 Verdict given for the weavers. 
 
 A man named Grindret poisoned his wife and two chil- 
 dren, Sept. executed at Lancaster, and gibetted at the end 
 of Cross-lane, Pendleton. 
 
 A cotton reel invented by Mr.Earnshaw, but destroyed, 
 
 The lower part of King-street began to be built. 
 
 The Theatre, in Marsden- street, built and opened Dec. 
 
 3 ; — finally closed May 12, 1775. — The first place employed 
 as a theatre was a temporary structure of timber at the 
 bottom of King street. 
 
 May 8. Coach to be hired by Joseph Barrett, or Mr. 
 
 Hanforth, in Market -street-lane, Manchester — may con- 
 stantly be heard of to carry passengers to any part of 
 England at the most reasonable rate. — Harrop's Mercury. 
 
 Two stand coaches in St. Ann's square. 
 
 754. The Manchester Journal, No. 1, printed by J. Schole- 
 field and M. Turnbull, March 2 — discontinued in 1756. 
 
 The last marriage solemnized in St. Ann's church, March 
 
 19, in accordance with the marriage act passed this year. 
 
 A " Flying coach" left Manchester and arrived in Lon- 
 don in four days and a half (barring accidents.) 
 
48 1754—1759. 
 
 1734. A school and school-house erected and endowed by 
 Thomas Fletcher, in Levenshulme— rebuilt in 1824. 
 
 The first stone of the present Infirmary, in Piccadilly, was 
 
 laid by James Massey, Esq. May 20, and opened in 1755 — 
 upwards of dS 1,000 was expended on the erection. 
 
 1755. "Friendly Advice to the Poor. Written and published 
 at the request of the late and present officers of the town 
 of Manchester." By the Rev. John Clayton, A.M. This 
 tract furnishes a curious picture of the state of society in 
 Manchester, particularly the lower classes at this period. 
 
 1736. Cotton velvets first made at Bolton, by Mr. Clarke. 
 
 The warden and fellows of the Collegiate church insti- 
 tuted an inquiry into certain leases of tithes granted to 
 the Traffords of Trafford, and were in part successful in 
 regaining their legal rights. 
 
 St. Mary's church, situated between the river Irwell 
 
 and the higher part of Deansgate, consecrated Sept. 29. 
 It is a neat Doric edifice, with a spire steeple, 186 feet 
 high, universally and deservedly admired. The present 
 rector is the Rev. John Gatliffe, M.A., Fellow of the Col- 
 legiate Church. The chaplain is the Rev. Campbell Grey 
 Hulton, INI. A. The ornamental pulpit in this church was 
 the gift of the congregation to the Rev. John Gatliffe j 
 and the organ was the gift of the late Holland Acres, Esq. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart, lord of the manor, died Feb . 26. 
 
 By the first attempt at an enumeration of the population 
 
 of Manchester and Saiford, there were found to be 
 19,839 souls. 
 
 j The Manchester Circulating Library instituted. 
 
 4 " Shudehill Fight ;" riots caused by the high price of 
 
 provisions, June 6 and Nov. 15—4 killed and 13 wounded. 
 
 1/58. A Celt and Roman bulla of gold found in deepening 
 the canal, near the second lock of the Irwell. 
 
 Lewis Paul's patent for spinning with rollers renewed. 
 
 The first carriage set up in Manchester by any person 
 
 actually in business, was that of Madam Drake, who 
 lived in Long Millgate. 
 
 The Duke of Bridgewater obtains, in the sessions of 
 
 parliament for 1758-9, an act to enable him to cut a navi- 
 gable canal from Worsley to Saiford, near Manchester, 
 and to carry the same to or near Hollins Ferry, in the 
 county of Lancaster. 
 
 1759. The right of soke, compelling all the inhabitants of 
 Manchester to grind their corn and malt at the lord's 
 mill, on the Irk, repealed, except as to malt, by an act of 
 parliament. Sept. 29. 
 
 A day required to travel from Manchester to Liverpool 
 
 by coach. 
 
 The Duke of Bridgewater obtains a second act for 
 
 carrying his canal across the Irwell to Manchester. 
 
1759 — 1762. 49 
 
 1?59. Peter Antrobus, governor of Chetham's hospital, died 
 June 19. — Thomas Haniman appointed governor, Oct. 1. 
 
 < Manchester begins to grow into celebrity for its cotton 
 
 manufacture: the entire value of the cotton goods made 
 was ^200,000 per annum. 
 
 The manufacture and dyeing of ginghams, damasks, 
 
 moreens, &c. is greatly improved by the inventions of Mr. 
 Mather. 
 
 In this year oats were 2s. the bushel of 45 lbs., wheat 5s. 
 
 the bushel of 70 lbs., meal 20s. the load, " jannock" 15 lbs. 
 for is., malt 23s. the load; a goose cost I5d., cheese 2fd. 
 the pound, beef 2d. the pound, neck of mutton 9d., land 
 40s. or 45s. the Cheshire acre j a weaver's cottage with a 
 two-loom shop rented at 40s. or 45s. the year. 
 
 The drop-box invented by John Kay, of Bury, son of the 
 
 inventor of the picking peg, or fly shuttle. 
 
 1760. About this period the Manchester manufacturers began 
 to treat their apprentices in a somewhat different manner 
 to what they had hitherto done : the apprentices had 
 allotted to them the use of a back parlour with a fire, and 
 had tea twice a-day. It had been usual for the manufac- 
 turer and his apprentices to be in the warehouse by six in 
 the morning; at seven they had breakfast, which con- 
 sisted of one large dish of oatmeal porridge and another of 
 milk; each with a wooden spoon in his hand, without 
 loss of time dipped into the same dish, and thence into 
 the milk pan^nd as scon as it was finished they all 
 returned to their work. At this period, the dinner hour in 
 Manchester w y as at twelve o'clock, and ladies paid after- 
 noon visits at two, and then repaired to the four o'clock 
 prayers at the old church. 
 
 Aqueduct at Barton com d. Sept. — finished July 17, 1761. 
 
 1761 . Cannon-street Independent chapel erected— enlarged 1 829 
 
 Blackfriars bridge built (of wood) by a company of 
 
 comedians, for the purpose of inducing the inhabitants of 
 Manchester the more readily to cross the river to the 
 riding school, in which their plays were represented. 
 
 The coronation of George III. celebrated by processions 
 
 and balls, Sept. 22. 
 
 Kersal Moor races renewed, Sir Ashton Lever, knt. and 
 
 William Hulton, Esq. stewards. A very long and severe 
 paper war was carried on against their renewal. 
 
 - — The first English "Navigation Canal," extending from 
 Worsley to Manchester, is opened June 17. It originated 
 with Scroope, Duke of Bridgewater, called the Father of 
 Inland Navigation in England. 
 
 - — The Rev. Thomas Foxley, M.A., Rector of St. Mary's, 
 and Fellow of the Collegiate Church, died Oct. 17. 
 
 1762. Riots through the high price of corn, July. 
 
 — — War against the King of Spain proclaimed in the market 
 c 
 
 I 
 
50 1762—1763. 
 
 place by Thomas Chadwick, Esq. the boroughreeve, at- 
 tended by a procession of magistrates. 
 
 I762. The secret of dyeing Turkey-red introduced by Mr. John 
 WilsoD, of Ainsworth. 
 
 The Manchester Chronicle; or, Anderton's Universal 
 
 Advertiser. Printed and published by Thomas Anderton, 
 at the Shakspeare's head, near the Market Cross. June. 
 
 1/63. Bleaching generally introduced. 
 
 - A project called the "Chrolton rant," proposed for erect- 
 ing Manchester into a borough, under a royal charter. It 
 was proposed that the new magistrates should consist of 
 one-third of high churchmen, one-third of low church- 
 men, and the other third of Protestant dissenters. But 
 the high church anticipating an union of the other two- 
 thirds, and not liking that the mace should be taken on 
 Sunday to a coventicle, they opposed the bill, and cele- 
 brated their success with circumstances of galling exul- 
 tation. Buildings were erected as a workhouse in Miller's 
 lane, and also a prison, but were eventually taken down. 
 
 John Byrom, the inventor of a system of short-hand, 
 
 and a poet of considerable talents, died Sept. 28. His 
 father was a linen draper at Manchester, and was born 
 at Kersal in 1691. He was educated at Cambridge, and 
 became a fellow of Trinity college ; but declining to take 
 orders, he resigned this provision, and soon after married 
 his cousin, Miss Elizabeth Byrom, against the consent of 
 both families. Being without a profession, and pressed by 
 the " res angustae domi," he repaired to the metropolis, 
 and supported himself by teaching short-hand. In 1723 
 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in the 
 following year, he succeeded by the death of his elder 
 brother to the family estate, when he returned to Man- 
 chester, where he remainded till his death. Byrom was 
 a visionary in philosophy, and a mystic in religion, but 
 a man of virtue and ingenuity. Two volumes of his poems 
 were published in 1773, and were received into an edition 
 of the English poets in 1810. The Pastoral of Colin and 
 Phoebe has been universally read and admired, perhaps 
 beyond any similar composition in the English language. 
 
 The Rev. Charles Downes, Fellow of the Collegiate 
 
 church, died Oct. 31. 
 
 British muslins, both striped and plain, were first manu- 
 factured by Mr. Shaw, at Anderton, near Chorley, though 
 with small success, from the deficient supply of yarn. 
 
 First cotton quiltings made by Joseph Shaw, of Bolton. 
 
 The first spinning jenny was constructed by Thomas 
 
 Highs, a reed maker at Leigh, and so named after his 
 beloved and favourite daughter, Jane. This was the grand 
 premier pas, the first step which led to the extension of 
 the cotton trade throughout the civilized world; and how- 
 
1764—1767. 51 
 
 ever meritorious may have been the subsequent improve- 
 ments, the sagacious mind that first opened the long closed 
 door to this wonderful discovery, must ever be entitled to 
 the praise of an original and powerful genius. 
 1764. Joseph Harrop, proprietor of the Manchester Mercury, 
 gave in weekly numbers "A New History of England," 
 778 pages, to enourage the sale of his newspaper. In an 
 address at the end of the work, Mr. Harrop says it cost 
 him one hundred guineas. 
 
 — Cotton markets first opened abroad. At this time the 
 trade of Manchester was greatly pushed by the practice of 
 sending out riders for orders all over the kingdom, carry- 
 ing with them patterns in bags. 
 
 — The following table of cotton wool imported, and cotton 
 goods exported, contrasted with similar tables of more 
 recent date, will prove an extraordinary record : — 
 
 Cotton 
 
 Wool Imported. 
 
 Cotton Goods 
 
 Exported. 
 
 1697 .. 
 
 ....1,976,359 lbs. 
 
 1697.. .. ^'5,915 official value. 
 
 1701 .. 
 
 1,985,868 „ 
 
 1701.... 23,253 
 
 •j 
 
 1710 .. 
 
 .... 715,008 „ 
 
 1710.... 5,698 
 
 >» 
 
 1720 .. 
 
 ....1,972,805 „ 
 
 1720 16,200 
 
 *» 
 
 1730 .. 
 
 1,545,472 „ 
 
 1730 ... 13,524 
 
 »» 
 
 1741 .. 
 
 1,645,031 „ 
 
 1741.. . 20,509 
 
 it 
 
 1751 .. 
 
 .. .2,976,610 „ 
 
 1751... 45,986 
 
 if 
 
 1764.. 
 
 ....3,870,392 „ 
 
 1764... .200,354 
 
 
 1765. The Rev. Richard Clowes, Fellow of the Collegiate 
 church, died June 29, aged 29 years, having been a fellow 
 only oDe month and six days. 
 
 — St. Paul's Church, Turner-street, consecrated July 28. 
 Considerably enlarged and again consecrated, in 1778. It 
 is a perpetual curacy, in the presentation of the warden 
 and fellows of the Collegiate church. The present minis- 
 ter is the Rev. J. Piccope, M.A. 
 
 — A weaving factory erected in Manchester, by Mr. Gart- 
 side, and (probably) filled with looms. 
 
 Sir Ralph Assheton, Bart, the last male of that ancient 
 
 race, and lords of the manor of Middleton, died. The 
 manor of Middleton passed in the family of Lord Suffield 
 by marriage with the eldest daughter of Sir Ralph. 
 
 — In this year only eight flats (vessels so called) were em- 
 ployed in the trade between Manchester and Liverpool. 
 
 1767. Great flood at Manchester, Oct. 8. 
 
 The spinning-jenny improved upon by James Har- 
 
 greaves, of Blackburn. He was the inventor of the 
 crank and comb, an engine of singular merit for facili- 
 tating the progress of carding cotton. 
 
 — The Manchester Agricultural Society founded. This 
 society (extending to a circuit of thirty miles round Man- 
 chester) is now in a very flourishing condition ; and every 
 
62 1768—1771. 
 
 year offers premiums for useful discoveries ;— for industri- 
 ous exertions in cultivation ;— for spirited experiments ; 
 and for superior specimens of produce, both in crops and 
 cattle. The premiums offered are generally gold and sil- 
 ver medals, or silver cups. Patron, Wilbraham Eger- 
 ton, Esq. Tatton Park. President, Lord Francis Eger- 
 ton, M.P. Secretary, Mr. Thomas Hampson. 
 1768. St. John's Church, situated between Higher and Lower 
 By rom- street, is an elegant modern Gothic structure, 
 with a tower steeple, which contaios a musical peal of 
 eight bells, and a clock which faces four ways. It was 
 founded by Edward Byrom, Esq. and consecrated July 7, 
 1769. By the act of parliament for building this church, 
 the presentation of the first and second incumbents was 
 vested in the founder and his heirs. As the present rector, 
 the Rev. William Huntington, M. A. is the second, the 
 future appointments will belong to the warden and fellows 
 of the Collegiate church. The church is vaulted. 
 
 Christian VII. King of Denmark, visits Manchester, and 
 
 lodges at the Bull's head, in the Market place. Sept. 2. — 
 At this time, the Bull's head was the only inn in the town 
 where wine might be purchased. — Few houses sold spirits . 
 
 High floods in the Irwell. 
 
 769. Edward Chetham, Esq. of Turton, Clayton, and Smed- 
 
 ley, and the last male descendant of that ancient Lanca- 
 shire family, died Feb. 21, and was buried in the Chetham 
 chapel, in the Collegiate church. 
 — — Richard Arkwright takes out his first patent for the 
 making of mule yarn by means of rollers, and erects a 
 mill at Nottingham. 
 
 1770. An ulcerous sore throat prevails as an epidemic. 
 
 The manufacture of ginghams, &c. is greatly improved 
 
 by the inventions of Mr. Meadowcroft. 
 
 A day school attached to St. John's church, endowed by 
 
 Mr. Edward Byrom, about this time, and aided by other 
 legacies as well as the offertory money. 
 
 Some curious antiquities discovered in Castle Field, June 4. 
 
 * The first volume of Whitaker's History of Manchester 
 
 published. The second appeared in 1775. 
 
 \ The charters of the Manchester Collegiate Church, 
 
 Chetham's Hospital, and Free Grammar School, published. 
 
 The Subscription Library for Promoting General Know- 
 ledge established— revived in 1802. Its original desig- 
 nation was that " for Promoting Christian Knowledge." 
 Now in Newall's-buildings, Market-street. 
 
 Richard Arkwright erects a mill atCromford, Derbyshire. 
 
 1771. Prescott's Manchester Journal, No. 1. Printed and pub- 
 lished every Saturday, by John Prcscott, in Old Millgate. 
 Price 2d. March 23. 
 
 The Rev. Joseph Mottcrshead, died Nov, 4, aged S3 years. 
 
1772—1774. 
 
 53 
 
 1772. Jones, Loyd. and Co.'s Bank, 35, and 37, King-street, 
 established prior to this date. 
 
 Jeremiah Clarke, the inventor of cotton velvet, died at 
 
 Bolton, Dec. 9. 
 Passage boats established by the Duke of Bridgewater, to 
 
 go from Manchester to within 2 miles of Warrington, Oct.l. 
 John Lees, a Quaker, of Manchester, invented the feeder 
 
 in the manufacture of cotton. 
 
 1773. The Rev. John Clayton, Fellow of the Collegiate church, 
 died Sept. 25, aged 64 years. Mr. Clayton was appointed 
 chaplain in March, 1/40, and was very active during the 
 rebellion, for which he was for a while degraded. Mr. 
 Clayton's father was a bookseller, in Manchester, and of 
 whom Dunton says, " Mr. Clayton was an apprentice to 
 Mr. Johnson, of the same town ; but his master thinking 
 it necessary to be a knave, and as the consequence of it, 
 to walk off, so Mr.Clayton succeeds him, and has stepped 
 into the whole business of that place, which is very con- 
 siderable,and if he have but prudence he may thrive apace." 
 
 "An Account of the Wardens of Christ's College, Man- 
 chester, since the foundation, in 1422, to the present time." 
 Sold by A.& I. Clarke.at the Bible & Crown, Market place. 
 
 Francis Reynolds, Esq. of Strangeways Hall, died Aug, 
 
 8. He was the father of the first Lord Ducie. 
 
 Russian Princess Czartouski visits Manchester, May 21. 
 
 A stage coach first set out from the Spread Eagle, Sal- 
 ford, to Liverpool, on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 
 and returned on Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur day, May 24. 
 
 — — Duke of Bridgewater's canal locks, at Runcorn, opened, 
 with a rise of 90 feet from the river Mersey, Jan. 10. 
 
 James Hargreaves applies the contrivance of a crank 
 
 and comb to take wool off the cards in a continuous fleece. 
 
 • The manufacture of calicoes introduced about this time. 
 
 — — Edward Byrom, Esq. the founder of St. John's church, 
 died April 19, aged 49 years. Mr. Byrom was a zealous 
 churchman, and much attached to all its ceremonies, 
 which, perhaps, was the reason why he gave a silver mace 
 to be carried before the officiating clergyman, from the 
 vestry to the reading desk, and from the preacher's pew 
 to the pulpit. He was the son of Dr. John Byrom. 
 
 1773-4. Enumeration of the houses and inhabitants in the 
 town and parish of Manchester, at this time, taken from 
 an actual survey, and deposited by Dr. John Whitaker, 
 April 27, in the College Library : — 
 
 1 
 
 
 Houses. 
 
 Families. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Married. 
 
 Wives 
 
 Widows. 
 
 Manchester .. 
 
 Salford 
 
 Out Township 
 
 3402 
 
 866 
 
 2371 
 
 5317 
 
 1099 
 2525 
 
 10548 
 2248 
 6942 
 
 11933 
 251/ 
 6844 
 
 7724 
 
 1775 
 
 432 
 89 
 
 1064 
 149 
 
p 
 
 54 1774—1777. 
 
 1774. Thomas Faulkner, the son of an apothecary, in Man- 
 chester, became a Jesuit, and led a wandering life among 
 that fraternity in South America. On the suppression of 
 the order, in 1767, he returned to Europe, and lingered for 
 some time in a dungeon at Cadiz ; at length being re- 
 leased, he returned to England, after an absence of thirty- 
 eight years, and died in this year. 
 
 Catholic chapel, Rook -street, erected.— Enlarged in 1832. 
 
 " Codrus," a tragedy, by Doming Ramsbottom, Esq. one 
 
 of the Manchester magistrates, is performed once at the 
 theatre royal, and afterwards printed. 
 
 The House of Correction, Hunt's Bank, rebuilt. It had 
 
 been a prison from the time of Elizabeth. John Howard, 
 the philanthropist, visits Manchester, and found twenty- 
 one prisoners confined in the House of Correction. 
 
 An act of parliament, by which a duty was imposed on 
 
 printed, painted, and stained cottons, declares the manu- 
 facture to be lawful. 
 
 • Pleasure Boats on the Duke of Bridgewater's canal. 
 
 1775. Theatre Royal, Spring-gardens, built and opened, June 5, 
 jjj-^^The Manchester ciick stool, or ducking: stool (an ancient 
 
 mode of punishment for common scolds and prostitutes) 
 was suspended over the Infirmary pond — now removed. 
 
 1776. The conduit, which was on the western side of the Old 
 Exchange, ceased to flow its waters, in consequence of 
 the destruction of the spring (at the upper end of King- 
 street.) from which it had been supplied. 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel, Pendleton, erected, at the expense 
 
 or Samuel Brierley, Esq. It was originally occupied by 
 the Wesleyan methodists, but was consecrated July 26, in 
 this year. In 1831, a new church was built, and this one 
 is now used as a school. 
 
 Richard Arkwright takes out another patent for carding, 
 
 ■ drawing, and roving machines. 
 
 { An act was obtained for widening several streets near 
 
 the centre of the town. A subscription was raised for the 
 purpose, and Old Millgate, Cateaton-street, and St. 
 Mary's-gate, opened to their present width. 
 ' 1777. The shock of an earthquake was felt at Manchester and 
 several miles round, on Sunday, Feb. 14. The vibration 
 of the earth was so strong, that the bells of the College 
 and St. Mary's Church are said to have been rung by it. 
 The congregations in the various places of worship were 
 I terrified by the loud noises that accompanied the shock. 
 
 Iv — ^Conjcfcft Room, Fountain-street, erected. 
 
 I James Hargreaves, the inventor of the spinning-jenny, 
 
 dies in obscurity, unrewarded, in Nottingham workhouse, 
 having had his machinery destroyed, his patent invaded, 
 and his abilities blighted. 
 The Manchester Free Grammar School, Millgate, built. 
 
1777—1778. 55 
 
 i;;7. Green dye, for cotton, invented by Dr. R. Williams. \ 
 
 The cupola, on the tower of St. Ann's church, taken f 
 
 down, which was replaced by a spire, but was also soon 1 
 after removed. f 
 
 — — The Rev. Sir John Mosley, Bart, lord of the manor of 
 Manchester, died May. 1 
 
 — — The present Exchange-street, formed by pulling down a 
 pile of old buildings, called the "Dark Entry," a narrow 
 footway leading from the Market-place to St.Ann's-square. 
 The streets, which were improved by the acts of 1776 and 
 1777, had long been a disgrace to the town. They had 
 often doomed the unwary passenger to broken limbs, and 
 sometimes to death, to say nothing of the unwholesome- 
 ness of the houses in them, from their confined situations. 
 
 — — The inhabitants of Manchester raised a corps of volun- 
 teers (150 men) to serve during the war in America. 
 Thomas B. Bailey, Esq. Lieutenant- Colonel commandant j 
 George Lloyd, Esq. Major, whose lady presented the regi- 
 ment with colours, wrought by the ladies of Manchester. 
 This afterwards became the 72nd Regiment, which dis- 
 tinguished itself greatly at the Siege of Gibraltar. The 
 people of Manchester were much elated at this display of 
 military ardour ; and in an ode, written on the occasion, 
 they are thus eulogized : 
 
 But Britain in this race of fame, 
 Which of thy daughter-towns may claim 
 
 The greatest share of glory for the whole j 
 'Tis Manchester that claims the share, 
 Tis Manchester re-urged the war, 
 
 'Tis Manchester ie-awaked the British soul. 
 
 1778. Samuel Ogden.D.D. Woodwardian professor in the uni- 
 versity of Cambridge, and Vicar of Danurham, in Wilt- 
 shire, died March 23, in the 62nd year of his age, and was 
 interred in St. Sepulchre's church, Cambridge. He was 
 born at |Manchester, in 1716, and educated at the Free 
 Grammar School, from which he removed in I733 to 
 Cambridge. In 1744 he became master of the Free Gram- 
 mar School, at Halifax, but resigned it in 1753, on pur- 
 pose to reside at Cambridge. In private life Dr. Ogden 
 was greatly beloved, but in his appearance and outward 
 demeanour there was something uncouth and uncivilized. 
 
 The "Old Bridge" made wider, by taking down the 
 
 dungeon, and extending the piers and arches. Until that 
 period it was highly dangerous for foot passengers to meet 
 a carriage j and it was often a work of labour for per- 
 sons not very active, to get over the bridge on a market- 
 day, as they were often obliged to take refuge in the 
 angular recesses, which at that time were on both sides of 
 the bridge, to escape from impending danger. 
 
50 1 77^ — 1781. 
 
 1779- Samuel Crompton, of Hall-i'th'-Wood, near Bolton, in- 
 vented a combination of the jenny and the water frame, 
 called a mule, for spinning:, which he gave to the public. 
 
 Serious riots in Manchester and throughout Lancashire, 
 
 on the introduction of machinery for spinning, Oct. Q. 
 
 Only one stage coach from Manchester to London, and 
 
 one to Liverpool twice a- week. 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool Museum ; or the Beau- 
 ties of all the Magazines selected. Printed by and for T. 
 Jefferson, Manchester. Monthly. 
 
 Seddon's Characteristic Strictures, or upwards of one 
 
 hundred (of the principal') portraits in Manchester, &c. 
 Dedicated to John Astley, Esq. of Dukenfield. 
 
 1780. Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Oldham-street, built. 
 
 The cotton picked, batted, slubbed, and wound on one 
 
 spindle up to this period. 
 
 Riots inManchester,on account of military floggings, Jwty 
 
 The manufacture of muslins introduced. 
 
 r l he import of raw cotton was upwards of 6,700,000 
 
 pounds; and the export of cotton goods was ^355,060. 
 
 An old man who died in this year, remembered the site 
 
 of St. Ann's church, and the present square (formerly 
 called Acres Field,) a corn field. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Directory. By Elizabeth 
 
 Raffald, author of the experienced English Housekeeper, 
 at the Exchange Coffee House. Third edit. is. Dec. 9. 
 
 1781. 2519 houses in Manchester assessed for the house tax. 
 
 The Manchester Chronicle, No. I, printed and published 
 
 by Charles Wheeler, in Hunter's lane, June 23. Harrop's 
 Mercury was the only newspaper in Manchester when 
 the Chronicle commenced. 
 
 The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 
 
 established. This society is well known, from its very 
 interesting memoirs, of which several volumes have been 
 published by the society, and translated into the French 
 and German languages. This society has reflected much 
 credit on the town of Manchester, and has brought it 
 almost as much into notice in the literary world, as its 
 manufactures have in the annals of commerce. The hall 
 of the society is in George-street, and the annual session 
 commences on the first Friday evening in October, and 
 ends the last Friday in April. President, John Dalton, 
 Esq. F.R.S. &c. &c. elected 1817- 
 
 — — An association was formed by the master manufacturers 
 of Manchester, by whose instrumentality the first patent 
 of Richard Arkwright, for carding, drawing, and roving 
 machines.was set aside. His second patent was set aside 
 by the same parties in 1785. 
 
 James Artingstall hanged at Lancaster, for rioting at 
 
 Manchester, in July 178O. 
 
178J— 1784. 57 
 
 1781. The public baths, near the Infirmary, erected. 
 
 Pool-fold market opened July 28— discontinued 1803. 
 
 Home patients admitted to the benefit of the Infirmary. 
 
 Samuel Peplce, jun. LL.D. Warden of the College, died 
 
 Oct. 22, aged 82 years, and was buried at Chester. Dr. 
 Peploe was a learned, honest, worthy, pious, and good 
 man j much respected by the clergy both at Manchester 
 and at Chester, as he resided at both places, and was 
 remarkable for his attendance on public worship. 
 
 Richard Assheton, D.D. appointed warden. 
 
 1/82. A lachrymatory filled with a transparent fluid, dug up 
 in Castle-field. 
 
 An act obtained for building the New Bailey prison. 
 
 — — Oswald JVIosley came of age, an event which was cele- 
 brated by a ball given to four hundred of the nobility, 
 gentry, and principal inhabitants. 
 
 Sir John Mosley, lord of the manor, commenced an 
 
 action against Mr. T. Chadwick and Mr. Holland, for 
 setting up meat stalls, in Pool-fold, in violation of the 
 manorial rights : decided in his favour in the Court of 
 King's Bench, June 26. 
 
 A panic was created in Manchester by the circumstance 
 
 of 7,012 bags of cotton having been imported between 
 the months of December and April. 
 
 Holme's Account and Admeasurement of all the public 
 
 • Bridges in the Hundred of Salford, was published here. 
 
 1/83. Captain Mouncey of the 79th Regt. and Cornet Hamil- 
 ton, fought a duel, with swords, in Spencer's tavern, in 
 the Market-place, when the former was killed, March 21. 
 The quarrel originated over the respective qualities of two 
 dogs. Mr. Hamilton was acquitted by a coroner's jury, 
 and Mr. Mouncey was honoured with a public funeral at 
 St. John's church. 
 
 - An air balloon ascended from the Infirmary gardens, 
 and alighted at Crumford, Derbyshire. The admittance, 
 one shilling, was for the benefit of the Infirmary. 
 
 The History of Manchester. By a native of the town. 
 
 One Shilling. Printed by Charles Wheeler. June. 
 
 New Bailey bridge founded, May 6. — opened for passen- 
 gers and carriages in 1785— toll taken off, Jan. 31,1803. ] 
 
 The Manchester Volunteers returned home from foreign | 
 
 service, and were disbanded ; and the colours which they 
 had borne with so much honour were deposited in tha; 
 College, where they are exhibited, along with other cui 
 riosities of that antique structure. August. 
 
 Mrs. Phoebe Byrom, sister to the late Dr. John Byrcm, 
 
 died Sept. 30, aged eighty -five years. 
 
 The first nightly watch in Manchester, Nov. 
 
 1784. The "Fustian tax" imposed on the suggestion of the 
 Right Hon. William Pitt. Great consternation was ex, 
 C 2 
 
 i 
 
58 1784—1786. 
 
 cited by this act in Manchester and the neighbourhood ; 
 15 houses, employing: 38,000 persons in different branches 
 of the cotton trade, petitioned against it ; and the master 
 dyers and bleachers announced, that "they were under 
 the sad necessity of declining their present occupations 
 until the next session of parliament." 
 1/84 Sabbath-day Schools introduced into Manchester, by 
 the labours of Dr. Cornelius Bayley, who issued an ad- 
 dress to the public, Aug. 10 ; and a meeting was specially 
 convened by the Boroughreeve and Constables, at the 
 Bull's head, on the 27th. The first building exclusively 
 appropriated to the purpose of a Sunday School, is the 
 one in Gun-street, Ancoats, the gilt of Mr. S. Newton. 
 
 11785. The " Fustian Tax" repealed through the endeavours of 
 Mr. Thomas Walker and Mr. Thomas Richardson, who 
 were presented with a silver cup each. Splendid proces- 
 sions upon the occasion, May 17. 
 Power-loom weaving invented by the Rev. Dr. Edmund 
 
 Cartwright, of Hollander House, Kent, by whom a patent 
 was taken out in this year. Like his predecessors in the 
 career of invention, Dr. Cartwright failed in his attempt 
 to turn his invention to his own advantage, until, in 1809, 
 he received a parliamentary grant of j£10,000. He was 
 brother to the celebrated Major Cartwright, and died at 
 Hastings, in Sussex, Oct. 30, 1832. 
 
 The privileges of the spinning-jenny, which had partly 
 
 been thrown open in 1783, were, in this year, wholly given 
 to the public, when cotton mills began to increase, as 
 well as the population. 
 
 Cylindrical calico printing invented by a Scotchman 
 
 named Bell, and was first practised by the Messrs. Live- 
 sey, of Preston. 
 
 The establishment of Mechanics' Institutes,(now become 
 
 so general in England,) was first suggested by the late 
 Rev. Dr. Thomas Barnes, of Manchester. Before the 
 Manchester Philosophical Society he observed, "To pro- 
 vide a public repository for scientific and mechanical 
 knowledge, as a mechanics' school, for the education of 
 young tradesmen and manufacturers." 
 
 A German, named Baden, was tried at Lancaster, and 
 
 fined .£500, for having visited Manchester, and seduced 
 cotton operatives to Germany. 
 
 — r- It was estimated .by Mr. Pitt that the population em- 
 ployed in the cotton trade generally, was 80,000. 
 
 Lord Robert Spencer, Sir Frank Standish, Charles James 
 
 Fox, and Mr. Grenville visited Manchester, and dined 
 with the liberal party, Sept. 1 5, 
 
 1786. The foundation of the "Manchester College," laid in 
 
 /Mosley-street, with a discourse by the Rev. Dr. Thomas 
 Barnes, Feb. 22.— Removed to York, Sept. 1, 1803. 
 
1786—1788. 59 
 
 1786 Sir John Paiker Mosley, Bart. Lord of the Manor of 
 Manchester, High Sheriff of the county of Lancaster. 
 
 A person was tried at Lancaster, and fined ^200, for 
 
 having had in his possession a quantity of machinery, 
 with a view to export it to Germany, and for having also 
 seduced workmen to go abroad with it. 
 
 Sabbath Day Schools introduced into Salford, Sept. 
 
 The Rev. Abel Ward, M.A. Rector of St. Ann's, died Oct.). 
 
 John Holker, inspector general of cotton and woollen 
 
 manufactures in France, died. It will be seen in page 43, 
 that with Captain Moss he effected his escape from New- 
 gate, before trial, by making a breach in the wall, and 
 effectually eluding pursuit, although he was dependent 
 for six weeks on the fidelity and kindness of a green-stall 
 keeper, a female, who concealed him. He afterwards 
 passed over to France ; and his applications for pardon 
 proving ineffectual, he established at Rouen a cotton 
 manufactory, by which he amassed great wealth. 
 
 1787- St. James's Church, George-street, was built by the 
 Rev. Cornelius Bayley, D.D. and consecrated Aug. 18. 
 The presentation was vested in the heirs of the founder 
 for sixty years, and then in the warden and fellows of the 
 Collegiate church. The present minister is the Rev. J. 
 Hollist, M.A. 
 
 Angel-street Cemetry consecrated Sept. 21, closed in 1816. 
 
 The New Bailey, or prison for the hundred of Salford, 
 
 founded May 22, by Thomas Butterworth Bayley, Esq. of 
 Eccles. — Opened for prisoners April, 1/90. — Large addi- 
 tions made to it, 1816. 
 
 The Rev. John Wesley held his annual Conference at 
 
 Manchester, at which 150 preachers attended, July. In a 
 sermon he perdicted that the world would end iu 1836 ! 
 
 Only forty-two spinning factories in Lancashire. 
 
 An act passed for encouraging the art of designing 
 
 original patterns for prints. 
 
 Muslin manufacture rises into note through mule spin- 
 ning, and 500,000 pieces are manufactured in Gt. Britain. 
 
 Steam engines first introduced into the Lancashire cot- 
 ton factories, by Messrs. Peel, at Warrington. 
 
 Great flood for seven days, which carried away a portion 
 
 of Salford Bridge. 
 
 The value of exported cotton goods, in this year, 
 
 (immediately after the overthrow of Arkwright's patent) 
 amounted to ^1,101,457. 
 
 1788. St. Peter's Church, Mosley-street, founded by the Rev. 
 Samuel Hall, M. A. Dec. 11. Consecrated Sept. 6, 1794. 
 The presentation is in 21 trustees, for sixty years, from 
 the date of the consecration deeds j and afterwards, in 
 the warden and fellows of the Collegiate church. The 
 present minister is the Rev. N. Germon, M. A, This 
 
60 l^S — 1790. 
 
 
 singularly elegant structure, is of the Doric order, and 
 was built from the design of Mr. James Wyatt, architect. 
 1/88. Independent Chapel, Mosley-street, erected. 
 
 The centenary of the revolution of 1688, celebrated wit 
 
 great rejoicings, Nov. 4. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Henry introduces the art of bleaching with 
 
 oxymuriatic acid . 
 
 I East India and North American cotton first imported. 
 
 , A meeting was held in Manchester to consider the great 
 
 depression of our cotton 'manufactures, arising from the 
 " immense importation of Indian goods ;" and govern- 
 ment was solicited to allow a drawback as an encourage- 
 ment to the expert of English products. It was estimated 
 that the cotton manufacture employed 159,000 men, 
 90,000 women, and 101, children. 
 
 The population of Manchester and Salford enumerated 
 
 at 50,000 souls. 
 
 I The Manchester New Bank, Messrs. Peel, Greaves, and 
 
 Co. opened ; afterwards John Greaves ; then J. Greaves 
 and Co. ; then Scholes, Tetlow, and Co. ; and now Scholes 
 and Co. 86, Cannon-street. 
 
 Ileywoods' bank, St. Ann's-strcet, established May 26. 
 
 Now Sir Benjamin Heywood, bait, and Co. 
 I7S9- St. Michael's church, Angel-street, was built by the 
 Rev. Humphrey Owen, M.A., chaplain of the Collegiate 
 church, and consecrated July 23. The presentation is in 
 the heirs of the founder for sixty years ; after which, in 
 the warden and fellows of the Collegiate church. The 
 present minister is the Rev. E. D. Jackson, B.A. 
 
 Unitarian chapel, Mosley-st., erected: — taken down, 1836. 
 
 Baptist Chapel, St. George's-road, built. 
 
 The first steam-engine for spinning cotton, erected in 
 
 Manchester. The improvements made in the steam 
 engine, by Watt, and the various inventions, each con- 
 tributed to advance the extent of the trade. The quantity 
 of goods produced was augmented thirty-fold. 
 
 — Mr. Austin, of Glasgow, and Dr. Cartwright, of Kent, 
 attempt to make a self-acting or power-loom. 
 
 — Theatre Royal, Spring-gardens, burnt down: rebuilt and 
 opened, Feb. — , 1790. 
 
 Henry Clarke, of Salford, writer for the "Infinite Series." 
 
 The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society pub- 
 lish their first volume. 
 
 1/90. The cotton spinners of Lancashire and Scotland solicited 
 permission of the government to create themselves into a 
 "Company of Traders," with privileges similar to those 
 enjoyed by the East India company, with whom, it seems, 
 they considered themselves otherwise unable to compete. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Gravel-lane, Salford, built. 
 
 — — House of Correction, Hunt's Bank, taken down. 
 
1790—1792. 61 
 
 1790. James Macnamara hanged and gibbeted on Kersal Moor, 
 for a burglary, Sept. 11. 
 
 Messrs. Grimshaw, of Gorton, erected a factory at Knot- 
 Mill, for the introduction of power looms into Manches- 
 ter ; but the experiment did not succeed. 
 
 The Manchester Lying-in Hospital instituted May 5, — 
 
 removed to Stanley -street, Salford, 1796. 
 
 The import of raw cotton was 31,500,000 pounds; and 
 
 the value of cotton goods exported was ^ 1,662, 3 69. 
 
 It was mentioned as an extraordinary fact,that Manches- 
 ter paid in postages ^"11,000, being a larger amount than 
 any other provincial town. 
 
 - The "Manchester Constitutional Society" established,to 
 " effect a reform in the representation of the people in 
 parliament," Oct. 
 
 Session court, attached to the New Bailey prison, erected. 
 
 — - An act of parliament was obtained for the purpose of 
 
 "providing a new poorhouse for, and for the better relief 
 and government of, the poor of the township of Man- 
 chester, in the county of Lancaster." 
 John Ferrier, M.D. the illustrator of Sterne, &c. died. 
 
 1791. " Bibliotheca Chethamensis : sive Bibliothecae publicee 
 Mancuniensis ab Humfredo Chetham armigero fundatae 
 catalogus, exhibens libros in varias classes pro varietate 
 argumenti distributos. Edidit Joannes Radcliffe, biblio- 
 thecae supradictse custos." 2 vols., 8vo. In 1826, a third 
 volume was printed, containing subsequent additions, by 
 the Rev. William Parr Greswell. Several of the manu- 
 scripts are exceedingly curious ; the printed books are. 
 in general, the best works in history, philosophy, and 
 science, with the best editions of the classics. The pur- 
 chaser should mind that the first vol. is embellished with 
 an elegant portrait of the founder. 
 
 The Manchester Strangers' Friend Society established 
 
 under the auspices of the Rev. Dr. Adam Clarke. 
 
 The Manchester Humane Society established. 
 
 An act of parliament was obtained for the purpose of 
 
 lighting, watching, and cleaning tbe town ; and for levy- 
 ing a police tax of is. 3d. in the pound, upon the rent of 
 the houses, to defray the expenses. Under this act the 
 commissioners consisted of the Borougreeve and Consta- 
 bles for the time being, the Warden and Fellows of the 
 Collegiate church, and the owners and occupiers of any 
 buildings of ^30. a-year value, under whese control the 
 conjoint towns of Manchester and Salford were placed. 
 
 1792. The Manchester Herald, No. 1, March 31, printed and 
 published by Messrs. Faulkner and Birch, in the Market- 
 place, price 3d. It ceased March 23, 1793. 
 
 Thomas Walker, esq. upon the expiration of his office of 
 
 Boroughreeve, published the first account which had ever 
 
/ 
 
 62 1792—1793. 
 
 appeared, of the different charities which had been under 
 his official management and distribution, Feb. 15. 
 1/92. Two of the pinnacles of theCollegiate church tower fell, 
 one into the church-yard, and the other through the roof 
 and gallery to the floor of the nave. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Aynscough, thirty -two years a fellow 
 
 of the Collegiate church, died, aged 70 years. 
 
 The Dispensary, adjoining the Infirmary, erected. The 
 
 sum of ^4,297 17s. 6d. was collected after sermons in all 
 the churches and chapels in Manchester, towards defray- 
 ing the expense of the erection. 
 
 Assembly and Billiard rooms, Mosley-st. opened Sept. 20. 
 
 The Exchange taken down, and the site marked with a 
 
 stone pillar, and posts. 
 
 Sir Richard Arkwright, Knt. of Willersley castle, Derby- 
 shire, died, Aug. 30, aged 62 years. He was born at Pres- 
 ton, in the year 1732, and was brought up as a barber. 
 After struggling through various adversities, he availed 
 himself of other men's inventions in the cotton manufac- 
 ture, by which he is said to have acquired a fortune of 
 nearly a million sterling, within the space of 22 years. In 
 1786 he was High Sheriff of Derbyshire, and was knight- 
 ed by the king, on presenting an address in his official 
 character. He was a man of strong natural endowments, 
 which in early life he had not the means of improving. — 
 Like others who have pursued a similar career, and risen 
 from small beginnings, he was irritable, overbearing, and 
 perhaps too self confident. 
 
 The Second Manchester Subscription Library estab- 
 lished, Aug. 29. It is now in the Exchange buildings. 
 
 An act was obtained for cutting a canal from Manches- 
 ter to Ashton-under-Lyne. 
 
 Independent Chapel, Cannon-street, erected. 
 
 Calicoes first brought to perfection in England. 
 
 The premises of Messrs. Faulkner and Birch, printers of 
 
 the Manchester Herald, destroyed by a disgraceful poli- 
 tical mob, Dec. 10. The house of Thomas Walker, Esq. 
 in North Parade, St. Mary's, was also attacked, and, in 
 self-defence, Mr. Walker was compelled to fire upon the 
 mob. The attacked were attached to the cause of reform. 
 
 1793 The effigy of Paine burnt by the populace, Jan. 
 
 New Jerusalem church (Swedenborgians) Peter-street, 
 
 opened, Aug. 11. 
 The Salford workhouse. Greengate, built. 
 
 Commercial distress in Manchester and neighbourhood. 
 
 An act was obtained for cutting the Haslingden canal. 
 
 St. Clement's Church, Lever-street,was built by the Rev. 
 
 E. Smyth, and opened for divine service on Christmas- 
 day. It has been licensed, but not consecrated by the 
 bishop. The present minister is the Rev. W. Nunn, M.A. 
 
 - 
 
1793—1795. 63 I 
 
 1793. School and schoolhouse erected in Blackley. 
 
 1794. Thomas Walker, Esq., Mr. Collier, and others, were 
 tried at Lancaster, on a charge of having conspired to 
 overthrow the constitution, and assist the French in the / 
 threatened attack upon this island. They were acquitted, 
 March 3, and returnedly triumphantly to Manchester. ; ; 
 
 Dunn, the principal witness against Mr. Walker, was I 
 
 tried for perjury, and sentenced to the pillory and two 
 years imprisonment, June. 
 
 The regiment of Independent Manchester Volunteers 
 
 was incorporated in the 53d, or Duke of York's brigade,at 
 Chatham, April. 
 
 St. Mark's church. Cheetham Hill, built by the Rev. — 
 
 Ethelston. The present minister is the Rev. H. Ethelston. 
 
 St. Mary's (catholic chapel) Mulberry-street, built. 
 
 A feu-de-joie fired in St. Ann's Square, on account of 
 
 advantages gained by the combined armies against the 
 French, May 10. J 
 
 The loyal associations in Manchester and Salford formed 
 
 themselves into a corps for home defence. 
 
 The royal Manchester Volunteers raised — it subsequently 
 
 became the 104th regiment. 
 
 Mr. William Dunstan appointed governor of the New 
 
 Bailey prison. 
 
 The poors' rate for Manchester, at 5s. in the pound, pro- 
 duces ^9270 14s. The post horse duty for the district 
 was let for ^7640. 
 
 The business of the post office, in Manchester, was con- 
 ducted by Miss Willet (post-mistress) with the assistance 
 of two clerks. 
 
 St. Stephen's church, Salford, built by the Rev. N. M. 
 
 Cheek, and consecrated July 23. The present minister 
 is the Rev. E. Booth. 
 
 An act obtained for opening a navigation from Manches- 
 ter to the Calder Navigation, at Sowerby Bridge. 
 
 - — An act for cutting the Manchester to Huddersrield canal. j 
 
 1795. The Manchester Gazette, printed and published by 
 T. Bowden and Wm. Cowdroy, in Hunter' s-lane, March. 
 
 The Rev. Rowland Sandford, M.A. Rector of St. Ann's, I 
 
 died June 24. * 
 
 Riots from a scarcity of corn, July 30. i 
 
 An order was issued that all public houses be closed by 
 
 seven in the evening j and all private persons appearing 
 in the streets after nine o'clock, were compelled to give 
 account of themselves, July 31. 
 The Society of Friends' chapel, Dickinson-street, built. 
 
 The Duke of Bridgewater's canals, from Manchester to 
 
 Worsley, and Runcorn, completed at a cost of ^220,000. 
 Mr. Brindley was the engineer. 
 
 — - The Auxiliary Missionary Society instituted. 
 
64 1795 — 1798. 
 
 • 1/95. The shock of an earthquake felt at Manchester, Dec. 
 
 A petition sent from Manchester, praying for peace. 
 
 1796 The gentry, clergy, and tradesmen, pledged themselves 
 
 in a series of resolutions, to reduce the use of wheat flour 
 at least one-third; pies and puddings ceased to appeal* at 
 the family table. 
 
 1797. The first and second battalions of Manchester and Sal- 
 ford Volunteer infantry drawn out for the first time. March. 
 
 Manchester and Salford raised ,s6 l 5,953 13s. for the 
 
 support of government. 
 House of Recovery, Ayton-street, for sick and fever 
 
 patients, opened. 
 In Trinity Church, Salford, there is a neat white marble 
 
 monument, with the following inscription : 
 
 " Sacred to the memory of Thomas Drinkwater, Major 
 of his Majesty's 62d Regiment of Foot, who perished at 
 sea, on his return from the West Indies, the 22d of April, 
 
 1797, aged 32 years. 
 
 "Thrice had his foot Domingo's island prest, 
 'Midst horrid war, and fierce barbarian wiles ; 
 
 Thiice had his blood repell'd the yellow pest, 
 That stalks, gigantic, through the Western Isles : 
 
 Returning to his native shores again, 
 In hopes t'embrace a father — brother— friends, 
 
 Alas ! the faithless ratlin snaps in twain, 
 He falls, and to a wat'ry grave descends." 
 
 " Major Drinkwater was the second son of John Drink- 
 water, M.D. and Eliz. Andrews his wife, who are buried 
 in the centre aisle of this chapel ; and this Monument 
 was erected by his only surviving brother Lieut. Colonel 
 Drinkwater, as an affectionate tribute to his memory." 
 
 ' Riots owing to the high price of corn and flour, Nov. 
 
 * Margaret Redmay, wife of Thomas Redmay, sexton of 
 
 St. Mary's church, was killed by falling from the belfry 
 of the steeple of that church, Sept. 18, aged 65 years. 
 
 A Disclosure of Parochial Abuse, Artifice, and Pecula- 
 tion, in the town of Manchester, 8vo. 1/96, by Thomas 
 Battye, author of the Red Basil Book, or parish register 
 of arrears for the maintenance of the offspring of illicit 
 amours, 8vo. 1797. 
 
 1798. The Rev. Maurice Griffiths, D. D. rural dean, rector of 
 St. Mary's, and fellow of the Collegiate Church, died 
 March l , aged 77. John Gatliff appointed fellow, March 19. 
 
 — — St. George's Church, St. George's Road, was opened for 
 divine service April 1. It \va3 subsequently occupied by 
 ministers of Lady Huntingdon's connexion ; but was con- 
 secrated Jan. 17, 1818. The present minister is the Rev. 
 J. White, M, A. brother to the late Henry Kirk White. 
 
1798—1801. 65 
 
 1798. GeorgeRussell executed on Newton Keath,for robbing a 
 bleaching ground, Sept. 15. 
 
 Sir John Parker Mosley, Bart., Lord of the Manor of 
 
 Manchester, died Sept. 29. He succeeded his cousin Sir 
 John Mosley, Bart, in 1777, and was himself created a 
 baronet June 8, 178I ; was high sheriff of the county of 
 Lancaster, 1786. He was succeeded by his grandson, the 
 present Sir Osw r ald Mosley, Bart. 
 
 One man, six women, and a child drowned in the Irwell, 
 
 near to the New Bailey bridge, Nov. 27. 
 
 1799. St. Andrew's, Presbyterian Chapel, Lloyd-street, built. 
 
 The colours presented to the first battalion of the Man- 
 chester and Salford Volunteers (CgjLonel T. B. Bayley,) 
 when a sermon was preached by the Rev. Samuel Hall, 
 chaplain of the corps, June 4. 
 
 Riots, owing to a failure in the crops of corn, Dec. 16 
 
 The police offered premiums to such persons as brought 
 each day the largest quantity of wheaten flour or oat- 
 meal to the Manchester market. 
 
 1800. Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Gt. Bridgewater-st. built. 
 A dearth prevails. 
 
 Quantity of cotton wool imported was 56,010,732 pounds. 
 
 James Ackers, esq. of Lark Hill, Salford, high sheriff. 
 
 The import of raw cotton was 56,009,000 of pounds ; and 
 
 the value of cotton goods exported was ^65,406,501. 
 
 Richard Assheton, D. D., warden of the Collegiate 
 
 church, Manchester, and Rector of Middleton, died June 
 6. He was born at Middleton, Aug. 16, 1727- 
 
 Thomas Blackburne, LL.D. appointed warden. 
 
 Christ church, King-street, Salford, opened Sept. 28. — 
 
 Bible Christians, or followers of Mr. Cowherd. 
 
 Warehouses, in Hodson's-square, burnt down, Dec. 1C. 
 
 Damage ^50,000, exclusive of the buildings. 
 Dean's cotton factory, Oxford Road, destroyed by fire, 
 
 Dec. 30 ; damage ^13,000. 
 
 1801. Messrs. Littlewood and Kirby's cotton mill,on the banks 
 of the Medlock, destroyed by fire, when 23 persons lost 
 their lives, Jan. 27. 
 
 A factory at Knot Mill destroyed by t fire— -a young wo- 
 man lost her life. Jan. 29. 
 Holland Ackers, esq. died April 17, aged 56. 
 
 Union public corn mills founded May 14, by Thomas 
 
 Twemlow, esq. Boroughreeve of Manchester. 
 
 The cotton factory of Messrs. Wareham and Co.. Bury- 
 
 street, Salford, destroyed by fire, May 20, damage ^2000. 
 
 Samuel Clowes, esq. of Broughton Hall, died, June 17, 
 
 aged 84. 
 
 Presbyterian chapel, New Windsor, Salford, erected— 
 
 rebuilt 1817. 
 
 Bolton and Bury canal to Salford opened. 
 
 
66 1801 — 1803. 
 
 1801. By the first parliamentary census, Manchester and Sal- 
 ford contained 12,649 inhabited houses, occupied by 18,560 
 families, which consisted of 39,143 males and 44,810 fe- 
 males— total 84,053 souls. 
 
 1802. A great storm at Manchester, Jan. 21. 
 
 The treaty of Amiens celebrated in Manchester, by illu- 
 minations, &c. — War renewed May, 1803. 
 
 Thomas Butterworth Bayley, esq" of Hope House, for 35 
 
 years an active magistrate of the cou/ity, died June 24. 
 The philanthropic society, King-street, founded. 
 
 Sir Robert Peel's bill, prohibiting the employment of 
 
 apprentices for more than twelve hours a day. 
 
 Lancashire Commercial Clerks' Society established — 
 
 the first claim upon the society was in 1808. 
 
 A year of peace and plenty in England. 
 
 1803 Toll from New Bailey bridge taken off, Jan. 31. 
 
 The Manchester Telegraph and Weekly Advertiser, No 
 
 ], Jan. James Edmonds and Company. 
 
 The Mercantile Gazette and Liverpool and Manchester 
 
 Daily Advertiser, No. 1, Aug. 6. This was the first at- 
 tempt to establish a daily newspaper out of London, and 
 originated with Dr. Solomon, the patentee of the well- 
 known medicine Balm of Gilead. 
 
 The Argus, No. 1, Joseph Aston. 
 
 Bridge-stieet market formed. 
 
 Mr. H. Horrocks, of Stockport, takes out his first patent 
 
 for a power loom — a second patent taken out in 1805. 
 
 The dressing machine invented by Messrs, Radcliffe and 
 
 Ross, of Stockport. 
 
 Mr. Todd, of Bolton, gets a patent for improving a 
 
 power loom. 
 
 A patent obtained for perpetual cloth beam winding. 
 
 ^£22,000 raised here for the support of government. 
 
 The following volunteer corps were raised in Manches- 
 ter in the course of this year : — Manchester Light Horse 
 
 /Volunteers, Shakspeare Phillips, esq. Col. , Acker's Vo- 
 lunteers, James Ackers, esq., Col ; Silvester's Volun- 
 teers, John Silvester, esq., Col.; St. George's Corps, John 
 Cross. Jesq., Col. ; Fourth Class Volunteers, G. Philips, 
 esq., Col, j Hulme Volunteers, Major Pooley; Pendleton 
 Volunteers, Capt. Abbot; Trafford Volunteers, Lieut. -Col. 
 ■ Cooke; Loyal Masonic Volunteers, Rifle corps, Joseph 
 I Hanson, esq. Col. 
 -*- — Francis Egerton, Duke of Bridgewater, &c. &c. died 
 March 8. He was born May 20, 1736 ; succeeded his 
 brother John in the Dukedom in 1748. He was a great 
 patron of all our national institutions, and was of a most 
 liberal and benevolent disposition, contributing no less a 
 sum than ^6 J 100,000 to the " loyalty loan." His canal 
 property and coal mines at the time of his death were re 
 
1803—1804. 67 
 
 alizing from ^50,000 to ^80,000 a-year, and not being 
 married the title became extinct. He entailed the canal 
 property on the second son of the Marquis of Stafford, 
 Lord Francis Egerton, the present possessor. 
 
 1803. Jacqnard looms, invented by a person of that namej a 
 straw hat manufacturer, in France. 
 
 - The Philological Society of Manchester instituted for the 
 cultivation of literature in general, and the diffusion of 
 useful knowledge, Sept. 23. 
 
 The Townsman, No. 1, Dec. 7. The editor of this paper 
 
 was the eccentric and well-known Mr. James Watson. 
 
 1804. Joseph Harrop, printer, bookseller, and proprietor of the 
 Manchester Mercury, died Jan. 20, aged 67. He was a 
 native of Manchester, and served his apprenticeship with 
 Mr. H enry Whitworth. He was succeeded in business by 
 his son, James Harrop. 
 
 Mr. James Robinson was married to Miss Ann Hilton, 
 
 at St. John's church, by the Rev. John Clowes, Feb. 6. 
 This was the first marriage celebrated in that church, 
 notwithstanding the clear rights for that purpose granted 
 and confirmed thirty-five years before, by the act of par- 
 liament on which the church was founded. 
 
 The hay market fixed in Bridgewater-street, and the 
 
 potatoe market in Shudehill, March 24. 
 
 The colours presented to the first battalion^Fourth Class, 
 
 of Manchester and Salford Volunteers, when a sermon 
 was preached by their chaplain, John Clowes, April 9. 
 
 Grand review of Volunteer corps, on Sale Moor, in Che- 
 shire, by the Duke of Gloucester and his son, Prince 
 William, April 12. Stand fell, and one person killed. 
 
 High floods in the Irwell. 
 
 The Swivel Loom improved by Mr. James Birch. 
 
 The British Volunteer, No. 1, June 30, printed and pub- 
 lished by James Harrop, in the Market-place. 
 
 — — Duel between Major Phillips, commander of the Man- 
 chester and Salford Cavalry, and Mr. Jones, a private in 
 the same corps, on Kersal Moor, July 9. 
 
 Thomas Percival, M. D. "an author without vanity, a 
 
 philosopher without pride, a scholar without pedantry, 
 and a christian without guile," was born at Warrington, 
 in 1/40, and died in Manchester, Aug. 30, 1804. 
 
 St. Luke's chapel, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, was buiit by 
 
 the Rev. E. Smyth, and is licensed, but not consecrated. 
 The present minister is the Rev. A. Kepworth, LL.B. 
 
 The Manchester Guide, by Joseph Aston. 
 
 The Rev. R. H. Whitelock, appointed post-master, in 
 
 the room of Mr. James Harrop, printer. 
 
 George Lloyd, Esq. barrister, died Oct. 12. 
 
 Rochdale and Halifax canal to Knot-mill, op. Dec. 20. 
 
68 1805 — 1807. 
 
 1805. The Mail, No. l, Jan. l, printed and published by Joseph 
 A -ton. Tuesday. 
 
 The factory of Mr. G. Ollivant, Bury-strcct, Salford, 
 
 destroyed bvfire, Jan. 7. 
 
 The factory of T. Kowley &Co. Oldfield-lane, destroyed 
 
 by fire, Jan. 19, 
 
 The factory of Mr. John Read, at Islington, Ancoats, 
 
 was destroyed by tire, Feb. 96, 
 The factory of Wood and Foster, Garratt, destroyed by 
 
 foe, March 1. Damage, ~t 20,000. 
 ."Murder of Ann Smith, aged 30 years, in Oak-street, May 
 
 31. Mary Jackson tried at Lancaster, but acquitted. 
 The factory of Messrs. Buchan and Shaw, at Higher 
 
 Ardwick, destroyed by fire, July 11. 
 Thackeray and Son's cotton factory, Garratt Mill, 
 
 dot roved by lire, Dec. '22. 
 
 The Manchester academy for the promotion of the fine 
 
 arts, attempted to be established by Mr. Craig, but fails. 
 
 The factory of Messrs. Lee and Phillips, Salford, lighted 
 
 with gas, being the first appearance in this district. — 
 Gas was publicly exhibited for the first time in England 
 by Messrs. Boulton and Watt, Soho, Birmingham, upon 
 the national rejoicings for the peace of Amiens,in 1802. 
 
 Surface printing on calicoes, by means of engraved 
 
 wooden rollers, was invented by James Barton, engraver 
 to Mr. Pel, of Church. 
 
 The victory of Trafalgar celebrated on Ardwick Green, 
 
 and subscriptions entered into for the relief of those who 
 had lost their relatives in the engagement Nov. 21. 
 
 180G. New Methodist Connexion chapel, .Broad-street, Pendle- 
 ton, built. 
 
 The Portico, Moslcj'-street, opened Jan. 20 : cost j£/000. 
 
 The first stone of the present Exchange laid by George 
 
 Phillips, Esq. July 21.— News-room opened Jan. 2,1809.— 
 The dining-room opened June 4, 1809. — The post-office 
 and other rooms added to the news-room, Oct. 22, 1839, 
 making in the whole an area of 5500 feet. 
 
 Samuel Stockton, Joseph HoUand, and John Powell, 
 
 weie executed at Lancaster, for committing unnatural 
 crimes at Warrington, Sept. 13. 
 
 A new dressing machine invented by Mr. M'Adam. 
 
 Broughton Bridge,built by Samuel Clowes, Esq. opened. 
 
 1807 The Annuitant Society formed, Jan. 9. 
 
 Charles Lawson, A.M. fifty-eight years master of the 
 
 Free Grammar School, died April 1 9, aged 79 years, to 
 whose memory a number of his scholars erected a beau- 
 tiful monnment, designed and executed by Mr. Bacon, in 
 his best style. It is fixed up over the entrance into the 
 chapter house of the Collegiate church, with an inscrip - 
 tion,which shews what estimation he was held in by those 
 
1807—1809. 69 
 
 who were best able to appreciate his talents and virtues. 
 180/ The Rev. Jeremiah Smith, D.D. of Corpus Christi college, 
 
 Oxford, head master of the Free Grammar School, May 6. 
 The payment of cock penny abolished by the feoffees of 
 
 the Free Grammar School. 
 Theatre Royal, Fountain street, opened June 12, (with 
 
 the comedy of " Folly as it Flies," and " Rosina,") under 
 
 the management of Mr. Macready. — Rent, ^€"2000 a-year. 
 
 Riot between the Orangemen and the Irish, July 13. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Duff improves the draw boy. 
 
 Some large and curious Roman dishes discovered in 
 
 Castle-field. 
 
 Independent chapel, Grosvenor- street, opened Dec. 3. 
 
 New Methodist Connexion chapel, Oldham-st. erected. 
 
 Independent Methodist chapel, Shaw-st. Salford, opened 
 
 The Baptist chapel, York-street, built. 
 
 1808. The Post-office, Exchange, opened. 
 
 The Regent's Bridge crosses the Irwell from what was 
 
 called Hulme-field, and leads to Eccles and Liverpool, by 
 the Regent Road. — A toll is taken : — opened 
 
 A violent contest between the weavers and their em- 
 ployers, respecting the rate of wages, May 24, 25 : Lieut. - 
 Colonel Joseph Hanson appeared on the field, and took 
 part with the weavers : one weaver killed by the military. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley offers to sell the manor of Manches- 
 ter to the inhabitants for .€90,000 ; but the negociation 
 fails :— .€70,000 was offered. 
 
 A petition, signed by 50,000 persons, sent from Manches- 
 ter, against the "orders in council." passed in retaliation 
 of Bonaparte's Berlin and Milan decrees. 
 
 ■ Manchester and Salford Court of Requests established. 
 
 — The Manchester and Salford Water Works Company 
 established : length of iron main pipes laid down is up- 
 wards of seventy miles. The daily consumption of 
 water is 1, 400,000 gallons, or thereabouts. — Reservoirs 
 made at Bradford, Beswick, Gorton, and Audenshaw.— 
 Office, No. 27, Piccadilly, Manchester. 
 
 — Shudehill Pits, partially filled up, and a Methodist 
 chapel (Swan-street) built upon part of their site : con- 
 verted into shops and dwelling-houses, 1823. 
 
 — John Whitaker, the historian of Manchester, and rector 
 of Ruan-Langhorne, in Cornwall, died Oct. 30, aged 73 
 years. He was born at Manchester, and educated at the 
 Free Grammar School of his native town, and at Corpus 
 Christi College, Oxford. In 1771, Mr. Whitaker pub- 
 lished the first volume of the History of Manchester 4to-; 
 and in 1772 he published his Genuine History of the 
 Britons asserted, 8vo. He left a widow and two daughters 
 to lament the loss of a faithful and affectionate husband. 
 
 1800. TheLadies' Jubilee School, Strangeways, founded Oct. 24 = 
 
70 1809—1811. 
 
 1809. The scutching machine introduced into Manchester by 
 Mr. James Kennedy. 
 
 The royal Lancasterian school, Marshall- street, Oldham- 
 
 road, founded Oct. 15— opened July 26, 1813, for the re- 
 ception of 100 boys and girls. 
 
 Samuel Clowes, esq. of Broughton Hall, High Sheriff 
 
 / of the county. 
 
 Joseph Hanson, esq. of Strangeways Hall, sentenced to 
 
 six months' imprisonment in the Court of King's Bench, 
 and a fine of .£100, Map It. 
 
 « Thirty-nine thousand six hundred penny subscribers to- 
 wards a tribute to Joseph Hanson, esq. for his suffering 
 in the cause of the weavers. 
 
 The Manchester Exchange Herald, No. I, Sept. 30. — 
 
 printed and published by Joseph Aston, St. Ann's-street. 
 
 1810. The Manchester Auxiliary Bible Society established 
 1 Jan. 4. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Great Bridge water- street, 
 
 I opened. 
 Hackney coaches finally established in Manchester. 
 Brown's chantry dedicated to St. George, on the north 
 side of the Collegiate church, purchased by the parish- 
 ioners for .-£ JOO. ~u 
 
 Thomas Barnes, LL.D. divine and philosopher, was boin 
 
 at Warrington, In I747, and died July 8, 1810. He wWs 
 for upwards of SO years minister of Cross-street chapel. 
 
 Thomas Henshaw, Esq. of Oldham, died March 4. He 
 
 left .£20,000 for a blind asylum to be erected in Man- 
 chester. 
 
 The Ladies' Jubilee School, Strangeways. This charity 
 
 had its origin in 1806, in the benevolence of several ladies. 
 In 1809,a house was procured in Broughton- lane, and t^a 
 girls were educated. Over the centre door of the preset 
 building is the following inscription : 
 
 "jubilee female charity school, 
 
 erected 1810, by public subscription, in commemoration 
 
 of the 50th year of his Majesty, George III." 
 Shortly after the completion of the building, the number 
 of girls was increased to thirty. The children are in- 
 structed in reading and writing, in knitting, sewing, and 
 in the duties of kitchen and house servants, and the regu- 
 larity to which they arc accustomed, makes them most 
 valuable, their age and strength considered, when they 
 are put out, under the protection of the Committee, to 
 service. 
 1811 The Manchester Philanthropic Society established, Jaw. 1. 
 
 Wood and Foster's cotton factory, Garratt, destroyed by 
 
 fire, Jan. 3. 
 
 General Frost, March 20. 
 
 I 
 
1811—1813. 71 
 
 1811. John Presort, printer of the Manchester Journal, died 
 near Leigh, April 13, aged 79- 
 
 Joseph jjapgon, Esq. of Strangeways Hall, and late 
 
 "Colonel orWne Manchester Rifle corps, died Sept. 7, aged 37. 
 — — TJfe Manchester Grocers' Company established as a 
 
 company of carriers by water between Manchestei and 
 
 Liverpool. — Dissolved, 1832. 
 By the second parliamentary census, Manchester and 
 
 Salford contained 98,573 persons. 
 
 1812. Haigh, Marshall,and Tidswell's warehouse, High-street, 
 destroyed by fire, Sunday, Feb. 9. 
 
 Rev. Cornelius Bayley, D.D. minister of St. James's 
 
 church jftied April 2. 
 
 A4riot4ft the Exchange, on the occasion of a meeting 
 
 ' "•for proposing a loyal address to the Prince Regent, Ap. 8. 
 - — The National Schools, Granby-row, Manchester, and 
 
 Bolton-street, Salford, founded June 28 — Granby-row 
 school opened April 20, 1813. 
 
 — The tomb of sir James Stanley, fourth warden of the 
 Collegiate church, (and afterwards Bishop of Ely) was re- 
 opened after an interval of 287 years since his interment. 
 The object of opening it was in consequence of its being 
 known that the bishop died excommunicated, and a sus- 
 picion thereby was excited that the body would not be 
 found buried within the pale of the church, which was 
 confirmed, June. 
 
 — Mr. Sadler ascended in a balloon from St. George's-field, 
 June 29. 
 
 — Eight persons executed at Lancaster for rioting at Man- 
 chester, June, 13. 
 
 — George Canning dined with three hundred gentlemen, 
 at the Star Inn, Manchester, Oct. 31. 
 
 — Society for converting the Jews to Christianity instituted. 
 
 — A grand review of the military on Kersal Moor camp. 
 
 — Riots at Middleton, on account of the introduction of 
 power looms— four persons killed. 4 
 
 — Samuel Crompton made a survey of all the cotton dis- 
 tricts in England, ScotlarA, and Ireland, and obtained an 
 estimate of the number of .spindles then at work upon 
 his principle, which amounted to between 4 and 5,000,000. 
 He obtained a parliamentary grant of ^5,000 in full, 
 without fees or charges. In 1829, about 7,000,000 of his 
 spindles were at work. 
 
 Mr. Wright, a machine maker, in Manchester, con- 
 structed a double mule, for which parliament granted 
 him ^5,000. 
 
 - Religious Tract Society established. 
 Church Tract Association instituted. 
 
 813. Charles White, M. D., F. R. S., &c. one of the most 
 eminent surgeons of the day, was born in Manchester, 
 
12 1813 — 1814. 
 
 Oct. 4, 1 728, and died Feb. 20, 1813, having: "finished a 
 long- life of unremitting exertion, and of great and exten- 
 sive usefulness." 
 1813. The warehouse of Messrs. Naylor and Co., with others, 
 in New Market-buildings, destroyed by fire, April 1. 
 
 Manchester Pitt Club established, May. 
 
 Manchester Police Bill received the royal assent,/wwe 1 1 . 
 
 Lancasterian School, near Oldham Road,opened July 26. 
 
 The New Jerusalem Temple (Swedenborgians) Bolton- 
 
 street, Salford, opened, Sept. ig. 
 
 Miss Lavinia Robinson, on the eve of marriage with Mr. 
 
 Holroyd, a surgeon, suddenly disappeared from her home 
 in Bridge-street, Dec. 16. 
 
 Severe frost for several weeks. 
 
 William David Evans, Esq. barrister, was appointed the 
 
 first stipendiary magistrate for Manchester and Salford, 
 at a salary of ^1000 per annum, payable in proportion to 
 seven-eighths from the township of Manchester, and one- 
 eighth from the township of Salford. 
 1814. Miss Lavinia Robinson found drowned in the Irwell, 
 near the moad wheel, Feb. 8. The untimely death of this 
 young lady, who is described as possessing superior 
 mental accomplishment, with a person equal to her mind, 
 caused considerable excitement in the public mind ; and 
 so strong was the popular resentment evinced towards 
 i Mr. Holroyd, that he was compelled to quit the town. 
 
 I Peace celebrated with great rejoicings, April 18. 
 
 * Several houses and part of a soape, y, at Hunt's Bank, 
 
 fell into the river Irwell — three persons perished, July 29. 
 
 / The declared value of all the woollen, silk, and cotton 
 
 goods exported from Great Britain was ^14,658,442. 
 
 I The trade to India thrown open. 
 
 William Cowdroy, proprietor and editor of tbe Manches- 
 ter Gazette, died Aug. 10, aged 62 years. Mr. Cowdroy 
 was a man of rare genius— a poet— a wit —a facetious com - 
 panion — an unshaken patriot — a kind father— a firm friend 
 — and a truly honest man. As conductor of the Manches- 
 ter Gazette, his light punning paragraphs had no equal. 
 His columns frequently supplied the newspapers with wit 
 and humour on current topics ; and many of his old com- 
 positions, with changes of name and date, were often re- 
 vived at intervals of five or six years. He left four sons, 
 all printers, and two daughters. 
 Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Brunswick Terrace, Pendle- 
 ton, opened, Aug. 29. 
 
 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, instituted, 
 
 Aug. Depository, Ridgefield. 
 
 Ducie Bridge, (so called in compliment to Lord Ducie, 
 
 the proprietor of the landj crosses the Irk from the foot of 
 Millar's-strcct to Cheetham Hill and Bury. From the mill 
 
1814—1816. 73 
 
 bridge the view of this bridge is highly picturesque, and 
 does much credit to Mr. Heap, the architect. A toll was 
 taken on this bridge until I830,when it was removed by a 
 compromise of ^800, by the Improvement Committee. 
 1814. A panic at the Methodist chapel.Oldham-street, so as to 
 occasion the loss of life to some, and serious injury to 
 others, Dec. 19. 
 
 — J. Lee Phillips, naturalist, died. 
 
 The Manchester Magazine; or Chronicle of the Times, 
 
 published monthly, by Joseph Hemingway and Martiu 
 Began, price is. — Discontinued 18 16. 
 
 1815. Cemetry in Walk er's-croft consecrated, Jan. 16. 
 
 Missionary Societies established at Manchester : by the 
 
 Wesleyan Methodists, Feb. 22 — and by the Established 
 church, April JO. 
 
 • John Ferriar, M. D. senior physician to the Infirmary, 
 
 Dispensary, and Lunatic Asylum, of Manchester, and au- 
 thor of many valuable literary and medical works, died 
 Feb. 4, aged 5J. He was born at Chester, graduated at 
 Edinburgh, after which he settled at Manchester. The 
 attainments of Dr. Ferriar, as a polite scholar, will long- 
 be preserved in the literary annals of his country ; and in 
 the relations of private life, he will long be remembered 
 as a man of inflexible honour and integrity, and as 
 warm and steady friend. 
 
 The Eye Institution, Princess-street, founded. 
 
 ■ During the service on Whit- Monday, in the Collegiate 
 
 church, a report was given that the roof was giving- way, 
 which caused great consternation in the congregation. — 
 One child killed. 
 
 The Archdukes John and Lewis of Austria, visit Man- 
 chester, Nov. 14. 
 
 The assessments of Manchester were ^405,986. 
 
 The galleries and pews throughout the Collegiate church, 
 
 rebuilt, and other repairs, at a cost of nearly ^20,000. 
 
 — — The export of twist legalized by parliament, at which 
 time the consumption of cotton amounted to 99,306,343 
 pounds, increased in two years to 124,912,968 pounds. 
 
 Auxiliary Society for Promoting Christianitv among 
 
 the Jews, established in Manchester, 
 
 1816. Great flood in the Irwell, Jan. 5 and 6. 
 
 Rev. William Cowherd, founder of the sect of " Bible 
 
 Christians,'' is buried beneath a tomb in Christ church 
 yard. King-street, Salford, with the following inscription : 
 "William Cowherd, the founder and minister of Christ 
 Church, Salford, died ~4th of March, 1816, aged 53 years. 
 At his his request is inscribed, All feared, none loved, and 
 few understood." 
 
 A free registry for the encouragement of faithful female 
 
 servants, Chapel walks, opened May 1. 
 D 
 
74 1816—1817. 
 
 1816. Thomas Henry, F.R.S. an eminent chemist andphilso- 
 pher, died June 18. He was born at Wrexham, Oct. 26, 
 1/34, where he received his education, and served an ap- 
 prenticeship to a surgeon-apothecary. He first settled at 
 Oxford ; in 1759. he removed to Knutsford, where he 
 married ; and in 1/64, removed to Manchester, where he 
 continued to reside " universally beloved for his concilia- 
 ting qualities and private worth," during his long life. 
 
 The Radical Reformers held their first meeting in St. 
 
 Peter's-field, Oct. 
 
 A meeting in St. Peter's-field "to take into consideration 
 
 the present distressed state of the country," Nov. 4. 
 
 Market cross, pillory, and stocks, removed from the 
 
 Market-place ; also the obelisk, on the site of the Old Ex- 
 change, taken down:— this latter was called Nathan 
 Crompton's folly, having been erected during his serving 
 the office of boroughreeve. 
 
 Silk handkerchiefs and mixed goods were almost the 
 
 only silk articles fabricated in Manchester. The Messrs. 
 Tootal commenced business. 
 
 The annual value of property in the township was 
 
 ^ J 405,Q86. 
 
 181T- The Grand Duke Nicholas, now Emperor of Russia, 
 visits Manchester, Jan. 3. 
 
 Manchester Courier, No. 1, Jan. 4. Printed by Citizen 
 
 Howarth Cowdroy and Mr. Rathbone. 
 
 A meeting of the inhabitants of Manchester, to consider 
 
 the " necessity of adopting additional measures for the 
 maintenance of the public peace," Jan. 13. 
 
 Thomas Walker, Esq., died, Feb. 2. 
 
 William DunstaD, governor of the New Bailey Prison, 
 
 died Feb. 20. 
 
 The first stone of the Strangeways bridge was laid by 
 
 W. D. Evans, Esq. March 1. It is a beautiful erection of 
 one arch, built of cast iron. It crosses the Irwell, near 
 the top of Greengate, Salford, which place it connects 
 with Strangeways. It was built by subscription, and a 
 toll is taken, except from the tenants of Lord Ducie. 
 
 The second general meeting of the Manchester Radicals, 
 
 (blanketeers) held in St. Peter's-field, "to petition the 
 Prince Regent for redress of grievances :" the meeting dis- 
 persed by the military. March 10. 
 
 The spinning-factory at Knot Mill, in the occupation of 
 
 Mr. Brown, Mr. Stones, Mr. Scholick, Thomas Armstrong, 
 Mr. Stubb, and Mr. Frost, destroyed by fire, Sunday 
 morning, March 16 : damage, ^20,000. 
 
 — - Margaret Marsden, aged 75, and Hannah Partington, a 
 young woman, were murdered in the house of Mr. Thoe. 
 Littlewood, at Pendleton, March 27. 
 
1817—1818. 75 
 
 1817- Mr. Smith's premises, Gaythorn, Knot Mill, destroyed 
 
 by fire, April 18. 
 Catherine Prescott, residing in George Leigh-street, 
 
 died June 2, aged 108 years. She was a native of Denbigh. 
 
 - Violent thunder storm in Manchester and neighbour- 
 hood : two men killed at Pendleton, and many were hurt 
 at other places, July 31. 
 
 James Ashcroft the elder, James Ashcroft his son, David 
 
 Ashcroft his brother, and William Holden, son-in-law to 
 the elder Ashcroft, were executed at Lancaster for the 
 murder and robbery at Mr. Littlewood's, at Pendleton, 
 Sept. 8. They all died declaring their innocence. 
 
 Thomas Armstrong, aged 34, was hanged at Lancaster, 
 
 for setting fire to his factory at Knot Mill, Sept. 20. 
 
 - Manchester gas works, in Water- street, erected in 1817. 
 Gas act obtained in 1824. — The merit of originating the 
 gas works of Manchester on the present liberal plan, is 
 principally due to George William Wood, late M.P. for 
 the southern division, and to Thomas Fleming, Esq. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Chancery-lane, Ardwick. 
 
 Welsh Wesleyan chapel, Parliament- street, erected. 
 
 Blackfriars' bridge, a wooden pile, taken down. 
 
 Ladies' Bible Society instituted. 
 
 The number of spindles in Great Britain ai*e estimated at 
 
 6,545,833, and the number of operative spinners at 
 J 10,763, by Mr. John Kennedy, of Manchester. 
 " The fly frame and the tube frame introduced into Man- 
 chester by Mr. Dyer, from America, who took out patents 
 for them in 1825 and 1829. 
 
 1818. The Manchester Observer, No. 1, published by Thomas 
 Rogerson, Jan. 3 : — discontinued, June 21, 1821. 
 
 The Savings' Bank, Cross-street, instituted and opened. 
 
 Jan. 31. From a report, published in 1839, it appears that 
 deposits to the amount of ^337,880 are placed to its debit. 
 The total number of accounts at that time opened, was 
 1 1,862. Total of single deposits up to 1838, was 193,062. 
 
 A general turn-out of the spinners,colliers, and weavers, 
 
 for an advance of wages. Mr. Gray's factory attacked, 
 and one man killed, Sept. Q. 
 
 Joseph Green, Esq. boroughreeve, W. Wainhouse, and 
 
 T. S. Worthington, Esqrs. constables, and Rev. W. R. 
 Hay, chairman of the quarter sessions, were presented 
 with silver cups, as testimonies to the zeal and decision 
 with which they acted during the troubled times of their 
 local administration, 181 7. 
 
 Mrs. Fry visited the New Bailey prison, Oct. 3. 
 
 St. Mark's Sunday school, Cheetham-hill, established: it 
 
 is also used for a day school. 
 
 The Spectator, No. 1, printed by Thos. Wilkinson, Nov. 7. 
 
 Bennett- street Sunday school erected, to contain 2687. 
 
70 1819—1820. 
 
 1819. Blackfriars' bridge, (of stone,) was founded by Thomas 
 Fleming-, Esq., Jan. 4. — The key-stone was laid by John 
 Entwistle Scholes, Esq. boroughreeve of Salford, June 17, 
 1820; and opened Aug. 1, by T. Fleming-, Esq. Active 
 measures are being taken to remove the toll, Oct. 183Q. 
 
 A third general meeting of the Radicals, in St. Peter's- 
 
 field, Jan. 18 — another meeting, June 21. 
 
 Riot in the Theatre Royal between Henry Hunt and his 
 
 friends, and the Earl of Uxbridge and some officers of 
 the 7th Light Dragoons, Jun. 23. 
 
 The Lock Hospital, Bond-street, opened March l . 
 
 The Recorder, No. 1, May 6, printed by John Leigh, 
 
 Wardle's Manchester Observer, No. 1, Saturday, June 5. 
 
 independent chapel, Chapel- street, Salford, opened July. 
 
 A meeting of the inhabitants; E. Clayton, Esq., Borough- 
 reeve, in the chair, at which resolutions were adopted, 
 declaratory of a determination to co-operate in the pre- 
 servation of the public peace, July 9.— Watch and ward. 
 
 A meeting in St. Peter's-field, attended by 60,000 per- 
 sons : the meeting dispersed by the yeomanry cavalry : 
 Mr. Henry Hunt, the chairman, and several of the speak- 
 ers taken into custody : eight persons killed, and a num- 
 ber wounded, for attending the proceedings, Aug. 16. 
 
 Henry Hunt, and nine or ten other persons examined 
 
 at the New Bailey, and committed to Lancaster, Aug. 27. 
 
 The Patriot, No. 1, Aug. 28. Printed by Joseph Aston. 
 
 Infantry Barracks, Regent-road, commenced, Nov. l. 
 
 William Cobbett prevented by the authorities from pass- 
 ing through Manchester, on his way from Liverpool to 
 
 / London, on his return from America, Nov. 30. 
 / 18 19-20. The silk-throwing mill of Mr. Vernon Royle, erected 
 *^ in this year, was the first to be completed and brought 
 to perfection in Manchester. 
 
 The Collegiate church-yard inclosed with iron railings 
 
 and a faculty obtained from the Bishop of Chester, pro- 
 hibiting interments therein for the term of 31 years. 
 
 1820. Messrs. Clay and Cullingworth's warehouse, Marsden- 
 square, destroyed by fire, Jan. 22 . 
 
 John Dunn hanged at Lancaster for the murder of Mar- 
 garet Grimes, at Manchester, March 27. 
 
 All Saints', Oxford-road, consecrated April 12, founded 
 
 by the Rev. Charles Burton, LL.D., the present minister. 
 
 Henry Hunt, sentenced to two years and six months' 
 
 imprisonment in Ilchester jail,for presiding at the Peterloo 
 meeting. May 5. Mr. Hunt diedFe*. 13, 1836, aged 63. 
 
 James Watson, a man of some literary notoriety, but of 
 
 eccentric habits, was drowned in the river Mersey, near 
 Didsbury, June 24. See the " Spirit of the Doctor," 8vo. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Grosvenor- street, Chorlton- 
 
 upon-Medlock, erected. 
 
1820—1821. 77 
 
 1820. St. Augustine's Catholic chapel, Granby-row, opened 
 Sept. 17 : cost ^10,000 : John Palmer, architect. 
 
 The Manchester Chamber of Commerce established. Its 
 
 object is "the promotion of measures calculated to benefit 
 and protect the trading- interest of its members, and the 
 general trade of the town and neighbourhood of Man- 
 chester." Office, Arcade, Town Hall Buildings, King-st. 
 
 The Salford Gas Works, Clowes- street, erected by Messrs. 
 
 Appleby, Clay, and Fisher, on a scale of 11,000 cubical 
 feet of gas. From these works Salford was supplied by 
 contract until December, 1831. 
 
 The Law Library, Marsden Square, established, July 21. 
 
 The aggregate length of the streets of Manchester and 
 
 Salford calculated at sixty miles. 
 
 Rev. William Hawkes, for 31 years minister of the Unita- 
 rian chapel, Mosley-street, died A ug. 1. 
 
 A well, discovered in Castle Field, supposed to have been 
 
 upwards of 2,000 years old, Oct. 17. 
 
 At a parish meeting, the church building commissioners 
 
 offered to build three new churches, if the parish would 
 pay for sites by a church-rate, but the inhabitants, by a 
 majority of 729 votes against 4 1 8, declared that there was 
 church room enough without them: refused the rate. June 
 
 Cunliffe, Brooks, and Co. 's Bank, No. 83. Market-street. 
 
 Joseph Clarke, bookseller, died March 22, aged 81 years. 
 
 Joseph Farrington, R. A. landscape painter, died 
 
 The Rev. Rowland Broomhead, who for upwards of 40 
 
 years had been a Catholic missionary in Manchester,was 
 born Aug. 28, 1751, and died Oct. 12, 1820. " All ranks, ail 
 parties, and Christians of every denomination, respected 
 this good man." He was buried in St. Augustine's. 
 
 The import of cotton wool for home consumption was 
 
 152,829,633 pounds, the duty on which amounted to 
 ^426,957 Us. 3d. 
 
 Samuel Taylor, Esq. of Moston, a magistrate, and 
 
 Lieutenant- Colonel of the Manchester and Salford Rifle 
 regiment of Volunteers, died Oct. 23, aged 48 : a monu- 
 ment is erected to his memory in the Collegiate church. 
 
 The annual value of cotton goods exported £\ 8,282,292. 
 
 Thomas Barritt lies buried in the Collegiate church, and 
 
 of whom we cannot speak better than in the words of his 
 epitaph : — " Here resteth the remains of Thomas Barritt, 
 a profound antiquarian and a good man. He died ho- 
 noured and respected by all ranks of society, October 29, 
 1820, aged 77 years." He was born in Withy Grove, 
 where he carried on the business of a saddler. He was 
 three times married, his last wife dying in 1825. In early 
 life he had the misfortune to lose a leg, and had recourse 
 to one of cork. 
 
 1821 . Joseph Nadin, who had been upwards of 20 years deputy 
 
78 1821. 
 
 constable of Manchester, resigned March, and was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Stephen Lavender, from London. 
 1821. Sir Walter Scott visited Manchester, April 9. 
 
 St. John's Church new roofed, (the old one proving 
 
 faulty,) and beautified throughout, at the expense of Miss 
 Byrora, the daughter of the founder. 
 
 Rusholme-road cemetery opened — comprises four acres. 
 
 The coronation of George IV., celebrated with great 
 
 splendour, July 19. Processions of trades, &c. 
 
 An act obtained for widening Market-street, King-street, 
 
 Nicholas- croft, Toad-lane, and Pool-lane. 
 
 Tent Methodists' Chapel, Canal-st. Ancoats, op. Dec. 25. 
 
 By the third parliamentary census, the fourteen districts 
 
 of the township of Manchester contained 16,653 inhabited 
 houses, occupied by 22,869 families, which consisted of 
 51,520 males, and 56,496 females— total, 108,0 16 persons. 
 The total population of the -townships constituting the 
 parish of Manchester, was 187,031. 
 
 The number of publications of the banns of matrimony 
 
 in the Collegiate church of Manchester, was 2,191. The 
 whole fee (including publication of banns and marriage 
 fee,) viz. then 3s. 6d. was paid at the time the names of 
 the parties intending to be married were inserted in the 
 banns' book. The number of marriages solemnized after 
 publication of banns, during the same year, was 1,924. 
 The fee, viz. 3s. 6d. as above, which includes the publica- 
 tion of banns, was thus divided, viz. lOd. each chaplain, 
 is. 8d.; 9d. each clerk, is. 6d.; id. each chorister, 4d.; 
 3s. 6d. — Parliamentary paper. 
 
 The Manchester Society for the Promotion of Natural 
 
 History, established Jane 30. Museum, Peter-street. 
 Opened May 18, 1835. Curator, Capt. Thomas Brown . 
 
 Kev. Joshua Brookes died Nov. 11, in the 68th year of 
 
 his age. He was born at Manchester, of poor parents ; 
 was educated at the Free Grammar School ; and was ap- 
 pointed chaplain to the Collegiate church, in March, 
 1791 ; and during the period of thirty-one years, is sup- 
 posed to have baptized, married, and buried more per- 
 sons than any other clergyman in the kingdom. He was 
 a man of great eccentricity ; he had many failings, but 
 few if any vices: his failings were those of the head 
 rather than the heart ; and in the private relations of 
 life he was exemplary. He had a considerable acquain- 
 tance with books, and left a good library behind him. 
 He is buried near the entrance of the churchwardens* 
 seat, at the south-west side of the Collegiate church. 
 
 Manchester Guardian, No. 1, May 5, printed and pub- 
 lished by John Edward Taylor and Jeremiah Garnett. — 
 Wednesday edition commenced Sept. 15, 1836. Office, 
 No. 52, Market-street. 
 
1 
 
 1821—1822. 79 
 
 1821. The Catholic, No. 1, Nov. 24 : changed to the Catholic 
 Phoenix, 1822, printed by Joseph Pratt, Bridge- street. 
 
 Northern Express, and Lancashire Daily Post, No. 1. 
 
 Dec. 1, printed at Stockport, and published in Manchester 
 for Henry Burgess. This was the second attempt to es- 
 tablish a daily newspaper out of London. 
 
 Sir William David Evans, the late chief magistrate of 
 
 Manchester, and author of many valuable works, died at 
 Bombay, Dec. 4. 
 
 Samuel Waller, a methodist preacher, indicted at the 
 
 New Bailey Sessions, for preaching in the highway, and 
 sentenced to three months' imprisonment, June 23. 
 
 Daintry, Ryle, and Co.'s Bank, removed from Maccles- 
 field, and opened in Norfolk-street, Manchester. Sept. 
 
 1822 A saw mill, belonging to Messrs. D. Bellhouse & Son, 
 wilfully set on fire and destroyed, Jan. 9. 
 
 - The Manchester Iris, No. 1. Feb. 2, printed and published 
 by Henry Smith. Ended Saturday, Dec. 27, 1823. 
 
 St. Matthew's church, Liverpool-road, founded Aug. 12 : 
 
 consecrated Sept. 24, 1825. It was constituted a district 
 parish church under the provisions of the Church Build- 
 ing acts, the commissioners of which granted ^14,000 
 towards its erection. It is a fine specimen of modern, 
 gothic architecture, and is built upon the site of the 
 ancient Roman town of Mancunium, and is especially 
 worthy of attention for its elegant lantern tower and 
 spire, the height of which is 182 feet. Mr. Barry, architect. 
 The present incumbent is the Rev. W. J. Kidd, M.A. 
 
 William Cowdroy, jun. proprietor and printer of the 
 
 Manchester Gazette, died March 10, aged 47. 
 
 Hugh Hornby Birley, major of the Manchester yeomanry 
 
 cavalry ; Richard Withington, captain; Alexander Oliver, 
 private ; and Edward Meagher, trumpeter, in the same 
 corps, were tried at Lancaster, March, under an action 
 of assault, and wounding on the the 16th of August, 1819, 
 Thomas Redford, a journeyman hatter ; but after a trial 
 of five days, a verdict was returned for the defendants. 
 
 - David Ridgway sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment, 
 for a libel published at Manchester. 
 
 The Female Penitentiary, Rusholme Road, opened. 
 
 — — Church clothing and Dorcas societies, begun. 
 
 The town Hall, King-street, founded by James Brierley, 
 
 Esq. Aug. 19 : finished 1825. Cost of land was ^6,500 j 
 cost of the building to June 1825, ^28,035 ; finishing the 
 large room ^5,012 ; making a total outlay of ^39,547.— 
 The style of architecture is taken from the temple of Erec- 
 thus at Athens, and the dome in the centre is after the 
 model of the octagonal tower of Andronicus, generally 
 called the Tower of the Winds. In the niches in front are 
 figures of Solon and Alfred j and in the attic are medallion 
 
80 1822—1823. 
 
 portraits of Locke, Solon, and Judge Hale. The building 1 , 
 measures J 34 feet in front, and 7Q feet in depth. The 
 public room, is 131 feet in length, and 38 in width. The 
 new staircase, erected in 1838, is a splendid addition. 
 
 1822. Wesleyan Tract Association instituted. 
 
 . The New Quay Company began by Mr. John Brettargh 
 
 and two others, with a capital of ^30,000. 
 
 Smithfield Market, Shudehill, opened, May. 
 
 The County Court first held in Manchester, by adjourn- 
 ment from Preston, May 23. Uproar among the lawyers. 
 
 The improvement of Market-street commenced, June. — 
 
 Scholfield and Mawn's shops first taken down. Width of 
 street to be 21 yards. Palace buildings finished Aug. 1839. 
 
 Spire, or rather dome, added to St. Peter's church. 
 
 The manufacture of gros de Naples and figured sarsnets 
 
 introduced into Manchester. 
 
 The History of the Siege of Manchester by the King's 
 
 Forces, under the command of Lord Strange, 1642. By 
 John Palmer, architect. To which is added, The Com- 
 plaint of Lieutenant-Colonel John Rosworm, against the 
 Inhabitants of Manchester, relative to that event, 8vo. 
 
 Metrical Records of Manchester, in which its History is 
 
 traced (currente calamo) from the days of the Ancient 
 Britons to the present time. 8vo. By Joseph Aston. 
 
 1823. Thomas Blackburne, LL. D. warden of the Collegiate 
 church, and rector of Th el wall, died Jan. 10, aged 67- 
 He was the youngest brother of John Blackburne, M. P., 
 and of Isaac Blackburne, Esq., a stamp commissioner. 
 
 Thomas Jackson Calvert D. D., rector of Wilmslow, in- 
 stalled warden of the Collegiate church, March 8. 
 
 . James Harrop, proprietor of the Man Chester Mercury and 
 
 British Volunteer, died Feb. 22, in his 66th year . 
 
 - — By a decree, made in the rolls court, London, all lands 
 
 in the parish of Manchester (with but few exceptions) are 
 subjected to the payment of one -tenth of all the hay, milk, 
 and potatos produced within in it, and one-tenth of the 
 value of agistment of barren cattle, besides corn, March — 
 The agricultural lands within the parish 15,000 acres. 
 
 The import of cotton into Great Britain was 187,231,520 
 
 pounds, of which 171,993,160 pounds were imported into 
 Liverpool, and may therefore safety be said to have been 
 consumed in and and about Manchester. 
 
 There were 2,500 looms employed on silk, and about 
 
 3,000 on mixed goods. 
 The ball and cross on the spire of St. Mary's church were 
 
 lowered to the ground, by Philip Wootton, May 10. 
 
 Acres fair removed from St. Ann's square to Camp field. 
 
 The royal Manchester institution for the promotion of 
 
 literature, science, and the arts, had its origin in ageneral 
 meeting of the inhabitants, held in the Exchange, room, 
 
1824—1825. 81 
 
 Oct. 1. Dr. Davenport Hulme, in the chair. The splendid 
 stone building in Mosley-street, founded in the year 1825, 
 and completed in 1830, was erected at a cost of above 
 ^30,000. It contains rooms for the exhibition of paint- 
 ings, a spacious theatre for public lectures, and suitable 
 rooms for a library, and other purposes. Mr. Barry was 
 the architect. During the year ending March, 1839, there 
 were two exhibitions, one of ancient, and the other of 
 modern paintings. The first was attended by 3,212 per- 
 sons, and the latter by 4,129. Admission, one shilling. 
 
 1824. Christ church, (Bible Christians) Every-st. op. Feb. 29. 
 
 Manchester Fire and Life Assurance Company estab- 
 lished with a capital of ^2,000,000, arising out of 20,000 
 shares of ^100 each, March 24. Office, King-street. 
 Secretary, Mr. Joseph Morton. 
 
 Edward Greaves, Esq. of Culcheth Hall, died March 29, 
 
 aged 62. He was high sheriff of the county in 1812. A 
 monument, by Chantry, is erected to his memory within 
 the walls of the Collegiate church. 
 
 Unitarian Chapel, Greengate, Salford, erected. 
 
 Primitive Methodists' chapel, J ersey-st., opened, April 11 
 
 Matthew Faulkner, formerly proprietor of the Man- 
 chester Herald, died March 8, aged 86. 
 
 The Samaritan Society "for assisting destitute families. 
 
 London-road covered market opened Feb. 1 4. 
 
 Brown-street covered market established. 
 
 A company of proprietors was established for a double 
 
 Railway between Liverpool and Manchester, formed May 
 20, at 4,000 shares of ^100 each, George Stevenson, Esq. 
 engineer. The bill was lost in committee June l, 1825. 
 
 The Floral and Horticultural Society established. 
 
 The Baptist chapel, Great Mount-street : opened Aug.29. 
 
 The Mersey and Irwell Navigation company presented 
 
 to the Manchester museum the head of " Old Billy," a 
 horse which had been in their service 62 years, Aug. 30. 
 
 Nineteen persons killed and nineteen wounded by the 
 
 fall of an iron beam from the roof of Mn Nathan Gough's 
 factory, Islington, Salford, Oct. 16. 
 
 A second act relating to the lighting the town with gas. 
 
 The Humane Society, for the recovery of persons ap- 
 parently drowned or dead, revived. There are four 
 " receiving houses," viz. Lying-in Hospital, Stanley- 
 street, Salford -, Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary ; the 
 Salford and Pendleton Dispensary ; and the Chorlton- 
 upon-Medlock Dispensary. 
 
 Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel, Cooper-st. erected. 
 
 1825. Manchester Courier, No. l, Jan l , printed and published 
 by Thomas Sowler, No. 4, St. Ann's-square. 
 
 — — The Infirmary clock lighted with gas, Jan. 1, at the sole 
 expense of Richard Ormerod, Esq. of Manchester. 
 D 2 
 
82 1825. 
 
 1825. Omnibuses first began to run, Jan. \, by Mr. John 
 Greenwood, from Market- street to Pendleton. 
 
 The Deaf and Dumb School, Stanley- street, Salford, 
 
 opened, Feb. a. 
 
 The Infant School, Buxton-street, London-road, opened 
 
 Feb. 14. This was the first infant school established in 
 Manchester, and is due to the exertions of the Society of 
 Friends, by whom it is now supported . 
 
 The police act for the township of Ardwick, passed the 
 
 legislature, March 23. 
 
 - The Mechanics' Institution, Cooper-street, founded : 
 held its first meeting March 30. The institution in Cooper- 
 street cost ^6,600, and was the first building erected in 
 England for the purpose. There are now U70 subscribers 
 on the books of the institution. Subscription, 5s. per 
 quarter. Mr. Henry Day, jun. secretary. 
 
 A peal of ten bells opened in the Collegiate church, on 
 
 Easter Monday. 
 
 The Union Club, established. The house in Mosley-st. 
 
 founded April 7, 1834, and opened March 21, 1836, is an 
 elegant stone building; and in its internal arrangements 
 is surpassed by few of the club houses in London. Mr. 
 E. G. Marsden, is the honorary secretary 
 
 The Rev. James Pedley, M?A. 40 years incumbent of St. 
 
 Thomas's, Pendleton, and, for the same period, one of the 
 assistant masters of the Free Grammar School, died, 
 June 28 , in his 79th year, highly and deservedly esteemed. 
 
 Manchester Advertiser, No. 1, July 2, printed by Joseph 
 
 Pratt, for Stephen Whalley. This paper was upon the 
 principle of gratuitous circulation. 
 
 The premises of Messrs. Sharp, R oberts, and Co. 
 
 destroyed by fire, through the agency, it is supposed, of 
 
 an incendiary. 
 Chorlton Row Infants'School Society established Aug. 22. 
 
 Salford Town Hall and Market founded Aug. 30. 
 
 Mr. Roberts (of the firm of Sharp, Roberts, and Co.) 
 
 took out a patent for the mule, now generally in use : a 
 second patent was taken out in 1830. 
 
 Mr. W. Harter undertook silk weaving in Manchester. 
 
 . The annual value of property in Manchester was 
 
 ^334,737 ; in Salford, ^€74,979, 
 
 A bill was introduced into parliament for the con- 
 struction of a ship canal from Manchester to the mouth 
 of the Dee, at an estimated expense of one million, to 
 be raisedin 10,000 shares, at ^100 each. Scheme defeated. 
 
 • The Provincial Portable Gas Work Company, Hulme- 
 
 field, formed : abandoned I829. 
 
 Fire Engine Department established under Captain 
 
 Anthony; improved under Mr. W. Rose, the present 
 superintendent, 1828. Station for engines, Clarence-st. 
 
1825—1826. 83 
 
 1825. St. Philip's church, Broken-bank, Salford, consecrated 
 Sept. 21. The parliamentary grant for the building of 
 this church, which is a plain Grecian structure, of singu- 
 lar design, was ^14,000. The present incumbent is the 
 Rev. I. Robley. 
 
 Independent Chapel, Rusholme-road, opened. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Rusholme-road, erected. 
 
 The Baptist Chapel, Oak-street, built. 
 
 - — The Diorama, Cooper-street, built : since pulled down. 
 Twenty thousand power looms in Manchester parish : 
 
 104 spinning factories in the town, and 110 steam engines 
 The silk trade begins to flourish in Manchester. 
 
 It is estimated that the capital invested in mills and 
 
 machinery is ^8,000,000. 
 
 1826. Mr. Thomas Price, a fustian manufacturer, murdered at 
 mid-day, in his warehouse, in Marsden-square. attended 
 by the simultaneous firing of the premises, Feb. 10. James 
 Evans, his warehouseman, was tried, but acquitted. 
 
 Edward Gibbon Wakefield brought Miss Turner to the 
 
 Albion Hotel, March 7. 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool Railway bill passed the 
 
 House of Lords, May 1. The draining of Chat Moss, 
 (the first point of operation) was commenced in June. 
 The first shaft of the Liverpool grand tunnel was opened 
 in Sept.; and the earth work (comprising the cuttings 
 and embankings along the whole line,) was begun in 
 Jan. I827. The last joining between the several lengths 
 of the line was completed in June, 1828, and the cost of 
 constructing the railway, and the expenses of the works, 
 up to Dec. 1838, was ^1 ,376,073. 
 
 Elizabeth Bates, aged 28, murdered at the " Jolly Car- 
 ters," a public house at Winton, near Barton, May 22. — 
 Alexander and Michael M'Keand, dealers in linen and 
 tea, at Manchester, were convicted of the murder, and 
 hanged at Lancaster, Aug. 18. 
 
 ■ Great commercial distress and riots, May. 
 
 Thomas Dunstan, governor of the New Bailey Prison, 
 
 died July 7, aged 32, and was succeeded by his brother, 
 Mr. Richard Dunstan, the present governor. 
 
 Trial between the lord of the manor and Mr. Walker, a 
 
 fishmonger, for an infraction of the manorial rights: 
 verdict for the plaintiff, Aug. 17. 
 
 The Manchester Branch Bank of England opened, Sept, 
 
 26, in King-street. J . Reed, Esq. agent. 
 
 Infant School, Saville -street, Chorlton-upon-Medlock, 
 
 founded. This was the second infant school in Manches- 
 ter, and was established by the joint liberality of per- 
 sons of all religious denominations. 
 
 The Jews' Synagogue, Halliwell-street, Long Millgate, 
 
 consecrated, Sept. 2. 
 
84 1826—1828. 
 
 1826. St. George's, Hulmc, founded Sept. 7, consecrated Dec ■ 
 9, 1828. The erection of this church was by a parlia- 
 mentary grant of .§£'14,000 ; but. the whole cost of the 
 erection was .§£20,000. It is built of stone, in the florid 
 ft othic and English style ; and presents on the whole a 
 very elegant appearance. Ihe present incumbent is the 
 Rev. Joshua Lingard, M.A.. 
 
 Welsh Independent chapel, Gartside-street. 
 
 The Suspension Bridge, near Broughton Ford, (which 
 
 unites Pendleton with Broughton) opened. A toll is taken. 
 
 Hunt's-bank Bridge, over the Irk, erected. 
 
 Four large and very handsome chapels, belonging to the 
 
 Wcsleyan Methodists, were opened in Manchester, afford- 
 ing accommodation to 6,000 persons — Oxford-street, Old- 
 ham-road, Ancoats, and Irwell- street, Salford. 
 
 Independent Chapel, Chorlton-iipon-Medlock, opened. 
 
 Poors' rate 5s. in the pound. 
 
 1827. Salford market, under the Town Hall, opened May. 
 Jacquard looms come into common use. 
 
 De Jough's self-acting mule invented. 
 
 Cambrics, woollens, and worsted are brought to the 
 
 Manchester market. 
 
 Mr. J. C, Dyer effects considerable improvements in the 
 
 method of roving. 
 
 The Salford and Pendleton Royal Dispensary, Chapel- 
 street, opened Sept. 10. 
 
 The Botanical and Horticultural Society established. 
 
 The Albion Club House, King-street, opened March. 
 
 James Acres, Esq. died May 23, aged 71. 
 
 Charles Wheeler, proprietor of the Manchester Chronicle, 
 
 died Sept. 9, aged 76. 
 
 St. John's Charity and Sunday schools, Gartside-street 
 
 and St. John's-place, erected. 
 
 St. Matthew's Sunday-school, Liverpool- road, erected. 
 
 A committee appointed to define the basis on which was 
 
 to be founded the concession of parliamentary represen- 
 tatives to Manchester, May. 
 
 1828. Joseph Gleave, printer & publisher, diedF<?6.l6, aged 55. 
 Thirty- four lives lost in the fatal launching of the 
 
 "Emma" packet, from the New Quay, Feb. 29. 
 At a meeting of the commissioners, party spirit ran so 
 
 high, that the boroughreeve, C. Cross, Esq. who presided, 
 
 was assaulted, and forcibly ejected. 
 
 Infant School, Bombay-street, Salford, opened April 7- 
 
 There were 8,000 looms for silk, and 4,000 for mixed 
 
 goods at work, in and about Manchester. 
 — — The Manchester Improvement Committee formed > since 
 
 which time a great number of alterations, more or less 
 
 extensive, have been effected through its mediation. 
 — — Bank of Manchester, Market- street, founded. 
 
1828—1829. 85 
 
 1828 The declared value of all the cotton goods exported 
 from Great Britain was ^36,824,2/9. 
 
 Dauntesy Hulme, philanthropist, died April 27, aged 84. 
 
 Frances Hall, who bequeathed ^40,000 to the public 
 
 charities of Manchester, died June 4 . 
 
 At the Spring assizes, at Lancaster, judgment was given 
 
 in a tithe cause pending between the warden and fellows 
 of the Collegiate church, and their lessee, Mr. Joule, 
 they claiming tithe in kind on hay, milk, potatoes, the 
 agistment of ley cattle, gardens, &c; it was decided that 
 the parishioners were liable to all these demands, except 
 the tithe in kind on gardens, orchards, poultry, &c. 
 
 One of the arches of a bridge (Hanging-bridge) dis- 
 covered, which had been concealed for nearly three 
 centuries, July. 
 
 — — All Saints' Sunday school, Clarendon-street, built by 
 subscription . 
 
 A grand musical festival and fancy dress ball, held for a 
 
 week, and the proceeds, ^5,000, devoted to the public 
 charities, commenced Oct. 7. 
 
 — — The Manchester Times, No. 1, Saturday, Oct. 17 '• 
 printed and published by Archibald Prentice. Now pub- 
 lished by Prentice and Cathrall, Ducie-place. 
 
 - The Manchester and Salford Advertiser, No. 1, Saturday, 
 Nov. 15. Licensed victuallers ; now George Condy and 
 Mrs. Laresche, No. 78, Market- street. 
 
 Fish Market, Old Market-place, opened Dec. 22. 
 
 1829 An act (9 Geo. 4, cap. 117) recites that "whereas the 
 said towns of Manchester and Salford are respectively 
 very large and populous, and form two townships sepa- 
 rate and distinct from each other in all matters of local 
 arrangement ; and soon after the passing of the first 
 recited act(32Geo. 3) the commissioners thereby appointed, 
 divided, and formed two distinct bodies, and from that 
 time have so continued to act and put the said first recited 
 act in force for each town separately and respectively, 
 and the rates authorized by the said first recited act to be 
 assessed and raised have been and now are raised by 
 separate and distinct assessments within each of the said 
 towns, and applied exclusively to the uses of the town in 
 which they were and are assessed and raised ; and where- 
 as the said towns of Manchester and Salford, and more 
 particularly the former, having greatly increased since 
 the passing of the said first recited act, and being still in- 
 creasing in trade, population, and extent of buildings, 
 cannot be conveniently regulated by one body of com- 
 missioners acting separately as aforesaid." The police of 
 the towns was therefore divided, and persons qualified as 
 prescribed by the 32d Geo. III. were constituted com- 
 missioners for executing that act in Salford alone, by the 
 
86 1829—1830. 
 
 name of u the commissioners for better cleansing 1 , light- 
 ing:, watching, and regulating the town of Salford." At 
 the same time the constitution of the Manchester body 
 was re-modelled. 
 
 1S29. The Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary opened, Jan. 
 
 The New Mechanics' Institution, Brazennose-street, com- 
 menced, March 25. 
 
 The Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, Spring- 
 gardens, established, April 30. J . S. Jackson, manager. 
 
 Messrs. Sharp and Roberts invent the self-acting mule. 
 
 Serious riots through commercial distress, May 5. The 
 
 weaving factories of Mr. T. Harbottle, Messrs. Twiss, and 
 Mr. James Guest, were attacked and gutted ; that of 
 Messrs. Parker was burnt down : many provision shops 
 were forciby entered on the same day. 
 
 High flood in the Irwell, Aug. 27. 
 
 The Manchester Phrenological society, Faulkner -street, 
 
 instituted. Mr. J. P. Lynill, honorary secretary. 
 
 Thomas Rawlinson, poet, died. 
 
 St. George's Sunday School, Oldham-road, ('formerly a 
 
 dissenting chapel) converted to its present use. 
 
 St. Andrew's church, Travis street, Ancoats, was found- 
 ed Sept. 1J, and consecrated Oct. 6, 1831. It was erected 
 by the church building commissioners, at an expense of 
 ^14,000. The present incumbent the Rev. G. Dugard. 
 
 1830. Rev. William Roby, the celebrated and highly respected 
 minister cf Grosvenor-street Independent chapel, died 
 Jan. 11, in the (54th year of his age. H e was born at Wigan 
 
 Salford police commissioners incorporated, March 18. 
 
 Twelve persons drowned, near the railway bridge, in the 
 
 Irwell, by the upsetting of a boat, April 24. 
 
 The first public meeting to promote temperance in Man- 
 chester, May 12. The moderation pledge abandoned, 
 Feb. 26, 1835, and a new society formed. 
 
 Mr Charles Robinson found shot in Oxford-road, May 20, 
 
 on his returning home from Manchester. 
 
 Rev. C. W. Ethelston, Fellow of Christ's College, and 
 
 Incumbent of St. Mark's, Cheetham Hill, died at Crump- 
 sail, Sept. 15. He was succeeded in his fellowship by 
 C. D. Wray, late chaplain, Oct. 6 ; and in St. Mark's, 
 Cheetham, by his son, the Rev. H. Ethelston, incumbent. 
 
 - The stupendous and successful undertaking, the Man- 
 chester and Liverpool railway, was opened Sept. 15, in the 
 presence of the Duke of Wellington, attended by a great 
 number of the nobility and gentry, and amidst the greet- 
 ings of thousands of spectators. The Right Hon. William 
 Huskisson was unfortunately killed at Parkside, which 
 threw a gloom over the festivities of the day. The cost 
 of the whole undertaking, up to June, 1830, was 820,000. 
 The proprietary is distributed as follows : 
 
1830—1831. 87 
 
 51,000 shares jtflOO ^100 paid up 
 
 7,9^8 half shares . . 50 50 „ 
 
 11,4/5 quarter shares 25.... 25 „ 
 
 The whole expenditure of the company, up to Dec. 31, 
 1838, was ^1,443,897 19s. 6d. 
 
 1830. Chorlton-upon-Medlock Town Hall, Grosvenor- square, 
 commenced Oct. 13, and finished Oct. 13, 1831. 
 
 The Manchester Gentleman's Glee Club established. 
 
 The number of yards of goods printed in Great Britain, 
 
 was 130,053,520 ; the amount of capital in the trade was 
 ^6 J 56,000,000, employing 330,400 persons in factories alone. 
 
 Duty reduced on printed cottons. 
 
 — ~- Gas works, Oxford-road, established. 
 
 St. Thomas's Sunday School, Ardwick, built. 
 
 Christ's Church,Acton-square,Crescent, Salford, founded 
 
 May 28, and consecrated Nov. 4, 1831. The present in- 
 cumbent is the Rev. Hugh Stowell, M.A. The patronage 
 is vested in trustees. 
 
 — — St. Thomas's Church, Pendleton, founded Sept. 23, and 
 consecrated Oct. 7, 1831. The present incumbent is the 
 Rev. Ambrose Lane, M.A. 
 
 History of the Foundations in Manchester ; of Christ's 
 
 College, Chetham's Hospital, and the Free Grammar 
 School, 3 vols. 4to. By S. Hibbert, M. D., F. R. S. E. &c. 
 Manchester: published by A gnew and Zanetti. 1830. 
 
 Sir Robert Peel, Bart, though not connected by birth 
 
 with the town of Manchester, claims a notice as one of 
 the most active, intelligent, and successful merchants 
 who frequented her markets ; and where, in 1788, he 
 carried on the business of a banker. He was born at 
 Peel Fold, near Blackburn, April 25, 1750, and died at 
 Drayton Manor, in Staffordshire, June 8, 1830, having 
 accumulated by integrity and industry upwards of two 
 millions sterling. His eldest son, the present Sir Robert 
 Peel, was born at Chamber Hall, near Bury, in 1788. 
 
 1831. The Voice of the People, No. 1, Jan. 1. Printed by John 
 Hampson, for the proprietors. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Ashton, of Warneth, murdered, Jan. 3. 
 
 — Benjamin Heywood, Esq. of Manchester, returned as 
 one of the representatives of the county, May 10— 
 
 — The Rev. John Clowes, M.A., for sixty- two years rector 
 of St. John's Church, died May 28, in the 88th year of his 
 age. He was the fourth son of Joseph Clowes, Esq., 
 barrister, and was educated at the Free Grammar School, 
 and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was highly 
 distinguished as a classical scholar, and became a fellow 
 of his college. He was the first rector of St. John's, and 
 refused more than one offer of high preferment in the 
 church. In the spring of J 773, he became acquainted 
 
68 1831—1832. 
 
 with the theological writings of the Hon. Emanuel 
 Swedenborg, and from that "time he dedicated all the 
 energies of his powerful mind to the publication of those 
 doctrines, both in the pulpit and by the press. During 
 the latter part of his life he resided chiefly at Warwick. 
 
 1831. Petitions for representatives in parliament, Jan. 20. 
 
 Christ Church Sunday School, Hulme-street, erected. 
 
 The Broughton Suspension Bridge falls, April 12. 
 
 The Botanical and Horticultural Gardens, Old Trafford, 
 
 opened June 21, covering a space of sixteen acres in 
 extent. Mr. S. E. Cottam, Brazennose-street, secretary. 
 
 ■ The widening of Cross-street, intended eventually to be 
 
 continued to Market-street, commenced. A plot of 31 
 yards 8 inches sold for c €l87 6s. 8d. 
 
 — - Payment from the gas profits to the improvement com- • 
 mittee, was .£'6,908 15s. 2d. June. 
 
 Cemetry, in Ii well-street, Salford, opened. 
 
 Hulme Dispensary established, March 28. 
 
 The Medical Vapour Bath Institution, opened July 28. 
 
 The Manchester School of Medicine and Surgery, Pine- 
 street, by Mr. Turner: opened To Manches- 
 ter belongs the honour of having established the first 
 provincial school of medicine and surgery. 
 
 School of Anatomy opened. 
 
 The coronation of William IV. celebrated Sept. 8. 
 
 The Chorlton-upon Medlock Dispensary, opened Oct. 13. 
 
 Concert Hall, Lower Mosley-street, opened. 
 
 By the fourth parliamentary census, Manchester and 
 
 Salford contained 182,812 persons:— including the several 
 townships and suburbs of Manchester, the population 
 was 232,5/8. 
 
 1832. St. Patrick's Catholic Chapel, Oldham-road, opened, 
 Feb. 29. 
 
 The Baptist Cliapel, George- street, opened. 
 
 The fronts of the General Infirmary and Lunatic Asy- 
 lum cased with stone. 
 
 Mr. Goodier and six of his workmen killed by the ex- 
 plosion of a steam boiler, in Pool-Fold, March 23. 
 
 Manchester, with its adjoining townships, becomes a 
 
 borough, and acquires the right of returning two mem- 
 bers to parliament by the passing of the Reform bill, June 7. 
 
 The passing of the Reform bill, and the enfranchisement 
 
 of Manchester and Salford celebrated by a magnificent 
 procession of the authorities, trades' societies, &c. Aug. 9. 
 Mr. Charles Green ascends in his balloon . 
 
 The Asiatic cholera breaks out in Manchester, May 17 : 
 
 the first person attacked was James Palfreyman, of Dole- 
 field, Somerset-street.— Riot at one of the cholera hospi- 
 tals, Sept. 3. 
 
 — — The duty on cotton produced ^600,000. 
 
1832. 89 
 
 832. Messrs. Broadhurst, Carran, Ashmore, and Gilchrist, ap- 
 prehended for holding political meetings on the Sabbath 
 day, Jan. 3. Twelve months' imprisonment in Lancaster. 
 
 — Thos. Check Hewes, an eminent mechanic died, Jan. 25. 
 
 Henry Liverseege, painter, died June 13: he was born 
 
 in Manchester, in 1803. 
 
 — The quantity of cotton wool imported was 283,000,000lbs. 
 
 — A new throstle frame, invented by Mr. Robert Mont- 
 gomery, of Johnston, Scotland. 
 
 Number of mills at work in Manchester and adjoining 
 
 townships : — silk mules, 16 ; cotton mills, 96 ; woollen or 
 worsted mills, 4 ; flax mills, 2. 
 
 A meeting of 50,000 persons was held on St. Peter's-field, 
 
 to obtain the restoration of the Grey ministry, May 14. 
 
 — By an act passed June 23, for "improving and regulat- 
 ing" the township of Chorlton, is given the new designa- 
 tion of Chorlton-uponMedlock, and which bears a close 
 resemblance in all its main features as to paving, sough- 
 ing, watching, &c. to the acts affecting Manchester. 
 
 — William Ford, an eminent bookseller, in Manchester, 
 died Oct. 3, aged 61 years. In early life Mr. Ford was 
 in the Manchester trade 5 but from his extensive informa- 
 tion in bibliography and curious literature, he was ad- 
 vised to become a bookseller, and his catalogues were 
 surpassed by few if any in the kingdom. In his latter 
 years he experienced the vicissitudes of fortune, often 
 the attendant upon talent ; but the stores of his inform- 
 ation were always accessible to his friends, and many 
 opulent possessors of rare and choice productions of art 
 and literature acknowledged the advantages they derived 
 from Mr. Ford's superior information. 
 
 — There were from 12,000 to 14,000 looms, and ten throw- 
 ing mills, giving employment to about 3,000 hands. 
 
 — St. George's Sunday school, Oldham-road, erected. 
 
 — Gas works, Holt Town, erected. 
 
 Postages collected in Manchester were ^53,510 8s. 4d. 
 
 — Todd-st, or Toad-lane, improved at a cost of ^ J l,40l 16s. 
 
 — From a votive altar discovered in Castle- field, Manches- 
 ter, it appears that a vexillatio, or cavalry troop, (Rhsetian 
 or Norician auxiliaries) were stationed at Manchester. 
 
 The first election for the borough of Manchester, took 
 
 place Dec. 13 & 14: the following were the numbers at the 
 close of the poll :— Mark Philips, Esq. 2,923 , Right Hon. 
 C. P. Thomson, 2,068 ; Samuel Jones Loyd, Esq. 1,832 ; 
 John Thomas Hope, Esq. 1,560; William Cobbett, Esq. 
 1,305. The expenses of the election were ^729 2s. 6d. 
 
 The first election for the borough of Salford took place 
 
 Dec. 13 & 14 : the numbers at the close of the poll were: 
 Joseph Brotherton, Esq. /12 ; William Garnett, Esq. 518. 
 The expenses of the election were ^250 15s. 6d. 
 
90 1833—1834. 
 
 1833. The Manchester and Salford District Provident Society 
 established, March. Office. No. 11, St. James's-square. 
 
 General fast (Cholera) March 21. 
 
 Dr. Dean, principal of St. Mary's hall, Oxford, (a native 
 
 of Manchester) died May. 
 
 The expenditure of the Improvement Committee was 
 
 .£"19,133 7s. 2d. 
 
 The improvement of Hunt's Bank commenced— Palatine 
 
 Stables opened, March, 1837 — Road opened June 5, 1838 
 — Gateway to Chetham's Hospital finished April, 1839 — 
 Chimney, Victoria terrace, finished Aug. 31, 1839— and 
 the whole Road completed Sept. 21, 1839. 
 
 Payment from the gas profits to the Improvement Com- 
 mittee for the year ending: June, was ^66,438 3s. 
 
 The Scotch Kirk, Dickinson-street, opened, Feb. 3. 
 
 The Manchester Choral Society established. 
 
 ■ The import of cotton wool was 303,656,837 pounds, and 
 
 the duty ^6 4/3,01 1. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Saddler Thomas, upon the death of Mr. Laven- 
 der, appointed deputy constable of Manchester, July 25. 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock lighted with &as, July 27. 
 
 The feoffees of the Free Grammar School applied to 
 
 the court of chancery, for the appropriation of the sur- 
 plus funds of the charity to some useful purpose. The 
 court authorized the expenditure of a sum not exceeding 
 ^10,000, in the erection of a new school, and a house for 
 the high master, Aug. 
 
 High flood in the Irwell, Aug. 31. 
 
 Violent storm of wind commits great damage, Dec. 31. 
 
 The Improvement Committee of Manchester paid for 222 
 
 yards of land in Parsonage ^444 j for 55 yards four in. 
 in Lower Mosley-street .£82 10s. ; for 7 yards 32 inches 
 in Great Ancoats -street ^6i0 ; and another plot of 4 3£ 
 yards £45 10s j for 174 yards in Little Peter-street .5609 
 8s. ; for 9 yards 16 inches in Pool Fold ,£ J 50 ; for 7 
 yards in Fountain-street j6 j 30 ; and for 21 square feet in 
 Spring Gardens ^£100. 
 
 The expenditure of the Improvement Committee was 
 
 ^19,183 7s. 2d. 
 
 1834. Sale of the gas works, and purchase of the manorial 
 rights proposed, Jan. 8. 
 
 ■ The Northern and Central Bank of England, Brown-st. 
 
 formed Jan. 13. Dissolved 
 
 Salford Commissioners of Police purchase the Town hall 
 
 and Market for j£ j 3,000, from the proprietors, Jan. 30. 
 
 The Queen's Lying-in Institution formed. 
 
 The expenditure of the Improvement Committee was 
 
 ^7,582 3s. 5d. 
 
 The number of streets in the town estimated at 2,000, 
 
 and of houses at 40,837. 
 
1834, 91 
 
 1834 Thomas Joseph Trafford, Esq. high sheriff of the county, 
 Feb. 3: procession passed through Manchester, Aug, 8. 
 
 — Rev. Moses Randall, Chaplain of the Collegiate Church, 
 died March 5, aged 65. 
 
 — Subscription entered into for erection of a Blind Asylum 
 in Manchester, March 13:— about 24,000 square yards cf 
 land purchased at Old Trafford, Sept. 19. 
 
 — Thomas Wroe appointed comptroller to the Manchester 
 police commissioners, March 19. 
 
 — New Police Court, New Bailey, opened May 5— dimen- 
 sions 38 feet by 30 feet, and 20 feet in height. 
 
 — Commercial Bank of England, No. 6, Mosley-street, 
 commenced May 12. .5. Sewell, manager. 
 
 — Payment from the gas profits to the Improvement Com- 
 mittee, was ^l 0,5 05 13s. lod. June. 
 
 Foundation of new Manchester and Liverpool District 
 
 Bank, Spring-gardens, laid by Rt. Barbour, Esq. June 20. 
 
 - Turn-out of journeymen tailors of Manchester and 
 neighbourhood, commenced June 21. 
 
 - The Union Mill, a large factory, near Oldham, destroyed 
 by fire : thirteen lives lost, June 28. 
 
 - Fall of three buildings in Long Millgate : two boys and 
 a girl killed, July 3. 
 
 - Riots between Orangemen and Catholics, July 13, 14. 
 Manchester police van, capable of holding eighteen 
 
 prisoners, commenced plying between the lock-ups and 
 New Bailey, July 26. 
 
 Panorama of Manchester, and Railway Companion, 
 
 12mo. published by James Everett, Market-st. July 22. 
 
 • Tremendous thunder storm in the neighbourhood of 
 
 Manchester: two men killed at Newton Heath, and a 
 woman at Prestwich, by the lightning, July 30. 
 
 The quantity of cotton retained in England for home 
 
 consumption, was 295,684,997 pounds. The export of 
 cotton yarn amounted to 76,478,468 pounds. The quantity 
 of yarn spun in England was 241,731,118 pounds. 
 
 Town Hall Buildings, King-street, commenced. Front- 
 age finished, Dec. 1839. 
 
 Manchester paid in postages, ^60,621 12s. 6d. 
 
 The poors' rate assessment, at a rate of 2s. 6d. realized 
 
 ^44,896. 
 
 — — The police act for the township of Hulme obtained. 
 
 A boy's day school, on the plan of the sessional school, 
 
 at Edinburgh, established in the Mechanics' Institution, 
 Cooper street. 
 
 Postages collected in Manchester ^60,621 12s. 6d. 
 
 Market-street Improvement completed; and from a 
 
 summary of receipts, and expenditure of the commission- 
 ers to the end of this year, the sum of ^232,925 14s. had 
 been expended. To Mr. Thomas Fleming is the town of 
 
92 1834—1835. 
 
 Manchester indebted for his zeal and activity, both in the 
 originating and carrying out this most valuable and im- 
 portant public thoroughfare. 
 
 1S34 Meeting in the Exchange dining-room, to celebrate the 
 termination of slavery in all the British colonies, Aug. ] 
 
 Elizabeth Smith shot by her husband, an artilleryman, 
 
 near the cavalry barracks, Hulme, Aug. 24. 
 
 Corner stone laid of Methodist New Connexion chapel, 
 
 Peter-street, opened, Aug. 27. 
 
 Branch of Manchester and Rochdale canal, from Maden 
 
 Fold to Hey wood, opened, Sept. 10. 
 
 First legal proceedings in Lancashire, under new Factory 
 
 Act, Sept. 24. 
 
 Temperance Conference held in Manchester, (fifty dele- 
 gates) Sept. 24. 
 
 Radcliffe Jubilee, or 50th anniversary of the Rev. T. 
 
 Foxley's rectorship : oratorio, dinner, and presentation of 
 a piece of plate to the rector, Oct 3. 
 
 — — Manchester October races originated (two days) Oct. I7. 
 
 A splendid Aurora Borealis visible at Manchester, Nov. 3. 
 
 Trial of Mr. Archibald Prentice, proprietor of the 
 
 " Times," for a libel on Mr. Thomas Sowler, proprietor of 
 the " Courier." The jury, after being locked up eight 
 hours, found the defendant " guilty of writing and pub- 
 lishing, but not with a malicious intent," and the chair- 
 man decided that this amounted to an acquittal, Oct. 29. 
 
 The Manchester Statistical Society established. 
 
 The silent system adopted in the New Bailey, Nov. 
 
 A day school attached to the Scotch church, established 
 
 upon the plan of the Edinburgh sessional school, and 
 under the care of the minister and the Kirk session. Its 
 benefits are not confined to the members of any religious 
 denomination. 
 
 Mr. Ducrow opened the Theatre Royal with equestrian 
 
 performances, Sept. 27 '■ — closed Nov. 19. 
 
 1835. Robert Hindmarsh, minister of the New Jerusalem 
 Chapel, Salford, died Jan. 2. He was born at Alnwick, 
 Northumberland, Nov. 8, 1759. 
 
 Election for the borough of Manchester, Jan. 8 and 9 ; 
 
 the following were the numbers at the close of the poll : 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, 3,355 j Mark Philips, Esq. 
 3,163 ; Benjamin Braidley, Esq. 2,535 , Sir Charles Wolse- 
 ley,bart. 583. 
 
 Election for the borough of Salford, Jan. 8 and 9 • the 
 
 following were the numbers at the close of the poll : — 
 Joseph Brotherton, Esq. 795 j John Dugdale, Esq. 5/2. 
 
 Expenditure of Improvement Committee, ^20,057 3s. 8d. 
 
 The total amount of salaries paid to the governor and 
 
 other officers connected with the New Bailey, was 
 ^2,231 14s. 6d. The proceeds of prisoners' earnings 
 
1835. 93 
 
 amounted to «=£524 4s. lfd. The expenses of the prison 
 for 1834—5, were ^7,943 14s. lid. 
 
 1835. The assessments of Manchester were ^5/3,085. 
 
 Manchester Institution for families and servants, Faulk- 
 ner-street, Jan. 12. 
 
 Namick Pacha, the Turkish ambassador, visits Manches- 
 ter, Feb. 12. 
 
 Postage for Manchester .=£64,373. 
 
 Henry Bailey, deputy constable of Cheetham, and a little 
 
 boy named Trees, drowned in the Irwell ; the former in 
 endeavouring: to rescue the latter, March 11. A subscrip- 
 tion was raised for the benefit of Bailey's family, which 
 amounted to ^1641 8s. 7d. 
 
 - Election for the borough of Manchester, April 28 and 29 : 
 
 the following were the numbers at the close of the poll : 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, 3,205 ; B. Braidley, Esq. 1839. 
 
 A tremendous thunder storm at Manchester and in the 
 
 neighbourhood: — a man killed atArdwick; several others 
 much hurt in Hulme, June 3 . 
 
 Payment from the gas profits to the Improvement 
 
 Committee, was .=£10,133, June. 
 
 Wm. Cobbett, M.P. for Oldham, died June 18, aged 73. 
 
 — r- First committal of a prisoner to Kirkdale gaol, for trial 
 
 at the South Lancashire assizes, June 30. 
 
 River Irwell burst into Ladyshore colliery, Little Lever: 
 
 seven men and ten boys drowned, July 10. 
 
 — — Lord Brougham delivered an address to the members of 
 the Manchester Mechanics' Institution, July 21. 
 
 Adelphi Swimming Baths, Salford, opened July 29. 
 
 Roof of the Catholic chapel, Mulberry-st fell in, Aug. 8. 
 
 The first South Lancashire Assizes commenced at Liver- 
 pool, before Lord Chief Justice Tindal and Lord Abinger, 
 August 15. 
 
 The shock of an earthquake felt at Manchester and the 
 
 vicinity, on Thursday morning, Aug. 20, at three o'clock. 
 
 Murder of Catherine Green, by her husband, Aug, 31. 
 
 Dinner to Daniel O'Connell, Esq. Sept. 10. 
 
 Manchester & Salford Temperance Society formed, Sept. 
 
 The body of Henry Bailey discovered in the Irwell, near 
 
 Barton bridge, Sept. 12. 
 
 • The first stone of the Collegiate Church Sunday school, 
 
 Todd-street, laid, Sept. 14. 
 
 Review and Sham Fight on Kersal Moor, Oct. 3. 
 
 Preliminary meeting to project a Literary and Scientific 
 
 Institution in Manchester, Oct. 13. 
 
 First Anniversary Dinner of Manchester Lloyd's rooms, 
 
 Oct. 22. 
 
 Manchester Athenaeum established, Oct. 28. 
 
 Manchester and Salford Institution for Treatment of 
 
 Diseases of the Skin, No. 9, Bond-street, opened Nov. 16. 
 
94 1835—1836. 
 
 1835 The Salford Gas works, Lamb-lane, erected. Capital I 
 ^20,000. Property of the leypayers, and the profits are 
 applied towards the improvement of the town. 
 
 Levenshulme Mill destroyed by fire : damage exceeding 
 
 ^8,000, Nov. 4. 
 
 The declared value of cotton manufactures exported, 
 
 was ^15,306,922; and of yarn ^4,704,823. 
 
 The quantity of cotton retained in Great Britain for I 
 
 home consumption, was 330,829,834 pounds. The export I 
 of cotton yarn amounted to 82,457,885 pounds. The total 
 quantity of yarn spun in England, was 248,1 14,531 lbs. 
 
 According to the parliamentary return, the total num- 
 ber of power-looms employed in the manufacture of 
 silk,in Manchester and Salford, was 300. The total num- 
 ber throughout the united kingdom was 1716. 
 
 The annual value of property, in Manchester, was 
 
 ^5/3,085. The total annual value for the borough of 
 Salford, was ^185,543. 
 
 1836 The number of brewers, victuallers, and beer retailers in 
 the ''Manchester Collection/' was as follows: — 
 
 Bushels of Malt 
 consumed. 
 
 Brewers 85. . . 680,030 
 
 Victuallers 1,330 672,778 
 
 Retailers " on the premises" . . 2,908. . . . 268,144 
 Retailers " not on the premises" 251. .. . 24,376 
 
 Total 4,574 1,645,328 
 
 Of the three latter classes, 831 victuallers, and 1,004 and 
 and 64 retailers brew their own. — Parliamentary paper. 
 The chapel belonging to theWesleyan Methodist Associ- 
 ation, Oldham-road, fell in, and several persons were 
 killed and wounded. It was occupied for the evening by 
 the Manchester Temperance Society, Jan. 25. 
 
 An immense stone wall, forming the new road, Hunt's- 
 
 bank, fell into the river, and destroyed the works belong- 
 ing to Messrs. Collier and Co. on the Salford side, Jan. 31. 
 
 The Union Bank of Manchester, 7, Brown-street, estab- 
 lished March 21. George Smith, manager. 
 
 The first stone of the School for the Deaf and Dumb, 
 
 and Henshaw's Blind Asylum, Old Trafford, laid March 
 23, by William Grant, Esq. Designed by Mr. Lane. 
 
 Bazaar and Ball in aid of the School for the Deaf and 
 
 Dumb, April: net proceeds, ^3,848. 
 
 South Lancashire Bank, York-street, established April 
 
 7. Robert Penny, manager. 
 
 Of 63,623 persons employed in mills in the parish of 
 
 Manchester, 35,283 were females j 37,930 were above the 
 age of 18 years, and 16,965 were below the age of 15, May. 
 
1836. 95 
 
 836. Coal brought into Manchester: — by canal, 579,729 tons? 
 by turnpike roads and railways, 334,268 tons — total, 
 913,992 tons. 
 
 - Manchester Improvement Committee obtain a renewal 
 of its powers for 3 years, after strong- opposition, Mar. 30. 
 
 - Parliamentary return of power-looms in the united king- 
 dom, was 1 17,151, viz.- Manchester, 15,960 ; Bury, 9,901 ; 
 Blackburn, 4,256 5 Ashton, 4,018; in Yorkshire, 7,809 j 
 Cheshire, 22,9l3 ; Middlesex, 3685 Scotland, 17,721 ; 
 Wales, 1,938; Ireland, 1,516. 
 
 - Manchester : its political, social,and commercial History, 
 ancient and modern. By James Wheeler. l2mo. 
 
 - The Methodist Association Chapel, (Tabernacle) Gros- 
 venor-street, opened June 3. 
 
 • St. Luke's Church, Cheetham Hill, founded, June 29. — 
 Consecrated Oct. 6, 1839, It is built in the Gothic style of 
 the 14th and 15th centuries, from a design by Mr. T. W. 
 Atkinson, architect. The spire and tower together are 170 
 feet high. The present minister is the Rev. T. King. 
 
 • St. John the Evangelist, Higher Broughton, founded 
 July 6, by the Rev. John Clowes, who liberally gave the 
 land and endowment : opened Jan. 7, 1838 : consecrated 
 Oct. 5, 1839. The present minister is the Rev. R. Wood. 
 
 • Manchester and Salford Bank established, Aug. 15, 
 Mosley-street. Paul Moon James, director. 
 
 Branch National Provincial Bank of England, No. 6, 
 
 Mosley-street, established, Sept. Wm. Goodier, manager. 
 ■ William Henry M. D., died Sept. 2, aged 61 years. Of 
 all the eminent individuals to which Manchester has given 
 birth, there is no one perhaps whose death occasioned a 
 greater sensation in the scientific world, or produced a 
 wider chasm than the loss of this distinguished philoso- 
 pher. As no man could be more generally respected, so 
 none has been more sincerely and extensively lamented. 
 
 St. Saviour's church, Plymouth Grove, Chorlton-upon- 
 
 Medlock, erected: consecrated Nov. 11, The present 
 minister is the Rev. Edward Birch, B. A. 
 
 The first stone of the Female Penitentiary, Embden- 
 
 place, Greenheys, was laid by Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart. 
 President, Sept. 9. Opened Sept. 7, 1837. 
 
 Manchester Musical Festival & Fancy Dress BsHl,Sept.l3. 
 
 ^4,230 distributed amongst the public charities. 
 
 Madame Malibrande Beriot died Sept. 23 aged 28; buried 
 
 in the Collegiate Church, Oct. 1 ; body exhumed, Dec. 20, 
 and re-interred at Brussels, Jan. 4, I837. 
 
 ■ The stamp duty upon newspapers was reduced to one 
 
 penny, Sept. 15, when the newspapers of Manchester 
 were reduced from sevenpence to fourpence. 
 
 Imperial Bank of England, 76, King-street, established, 
 
 Dec, R. Law, manager. Suspended payment, -4j». 30, 1839. 
 
96 1837. 
 
 1836. Afessrs. Faulkner and Co.'s factory, Jersey- street, Ai 
 coats, destroyed by fire Dec. 10. 
 
 1837. Malicious explosion of gas at Mrs. Kemshead's shop i 
 Market-street. Saturday evening, Jan. 7. 
 
 The Corn Exchange, Hanging Ditch, opened Jan. 7. 
 
 cost .=£4,000. The area of the room is nearly 600 square yd; 
 
 The new school and high master's house, belonging t 
 
 the Free Grammar School completed at an expense 1 
 j£7»500. Opened Jan. 30. 
 
 - John Atkinson Ransome, Esq. senior surgeon to th 
 Manchester Royal Infirmary, died Feb. 10. in his 58th yeai 
 
 Mr. Hollinshead appointed schoolmaster of Chetham' 
 
 Hospital, March 17. 
 
 Mr. Campbell, accidentally killed in the Queen's theatr 
 
 March 29, Subscription for the widow .s£ J 120 10s. 6d. 
 The Manchester Architectural Society, Cooper-street. 
 
 First public sale of raw silk in Manchester, April 4. 
 
 St. Jude's Church, Canal-street, Ancoats, (late a chape 
 
 belonging to the Tent Methodists) opened April 21 . Th 
 present minister is the Rev. P. G. O'Leary. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Town Mission, Charlotte 
 
 street, commenced May. 
 
 The Victoria park company incorporated under an act o 
 
 parliament, May 5. Opened, July 31 . The park contain 
 140 acres, and is situated in the townships of Rusholme 
 Moss Side, and Chorlton-upon-Medlock. Town ofllces o 
 the company, Brown -street. Mr. Everett, secretary. 
 
 The Manchester Athenaeum, Bond-street, founded bj 
 
 James Heywood, Esq. May 26. Opened, Oct. 28, 1839 
 The building (after a design by Mr. Barry) is the most 
 splendid in Manchester. Subscription, 30s. per annum. 
 
 School for the Deaf and Dumb, and Henshaw's Blinc 
 
 Asylum, Old Trafford, opened with procession, June 2. 
 
 Two Schools and a School house founded at Blakeley 
 
 June 5. opened 
 The first stone of St. Paul's Church, at Harpurhey, laij 
 
 June 5. Rev. Thomas Hutchinson, M.A. incumbent. 
 
 Fire at Mr. Fairweather's factory, Cambridge-street 
 
 June 10. Damage, ^"2,000. 
 
 Cattle Market, Cross-lane, Salford, opened July 12. 
 
 The Grand Junction Railway, connecting Mancheste: 
 
 with Birmingham and London: opened July 5 — 211 mile, 
 from Manchester to London. 
 
 Election for the borough of Salford, July 26, when thi 
 
 following were the numbers at the close of the poll :- 
 Joseph Brotherton, Esq. 889 ; William Garnett, Esq. 888 
 
 Election for the borough of Manchester, July 27, whei 
 
 the following were the numbers at the close of the poll 
 Right Hon. C. P. Thomson, 4,127; Mark Philips, Esq 
 3,759 ; William Ewart Gladstone, Esq. 2,324. 
 
 - — Rev. Jeremiah Smith, D.D. Rector of St. Ann's, an« 
 
1837—1838. 97 
 
 High Master of the Free Grammar School, resigned both 
 livings, Aug, — Rev. Dr. Elsdale (late Second Master) ap- 
 pointed High Master of the Free Grammar School. 
 
 1837. Manchester General Cemetery, Colly hurst, op. Sept. I. 
 
 Unitarian Chapel, Upper Brook- street, founded, Sept. 
 
 8: opened for divine service, Sept. l, 1839, at a cost of 
 between .€8,000 and ^9,000. 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Cheetham Hill, op. Sept. 15. 
 
 Scotch Church, Mill-street, Ancoats, opened Sept. 24. 
 
 Independent Chapel, Liverpool-street, Oldfleld-road, 
 
 founded by the Rev. John Addison Coombs, Sept. 29. — 
 Opened Dec. 5, 1839- 
 
 Mr. Green ascended in the royal Nassau balloon, Oct. 16, 
 
 23, and Nov. 4, from the Gas Works, Lamb-lane, Salford 
 
 The Manchester Society for promoting- National Educa- 
 tion, established Nov. Schools, Gould-street, St. George's- 
 road, and Wilmot-street, Hulme. 
 
 Fire at Messrs. Smith and Rawson's Mill, Hope- street, 
 
 Oldfleld-road, Dec. 1 1 . Damage about €3,000. 
 
 Evangelical Friends' Meeting House, Grosvenor -street, 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock, opened Dec. 17. 
 
 The " Old Bridge" closed, for the purpose of being taken 
 
 down, and one of wood opened for foot passengers, Sept. 7. 
 
 Very high flood in the Irwell, Dec. 20. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Shaw, an auctioneer ; Mr. Hall, and two other 
 
 gentlemen, were rescued from the most imminent danger 
 of being drowned in the floods, near Cheadle, by the 
 courageous conduct of Henry Wrigley, the driver of an 
 omnibus, Dec. 20. 
 
 Samuel D. Scott, (the jumper) took two leaps from off the 
 
 warehouse of Messrs. Shanklin, Manley, and Co, near the 
 New Bailey bridge, into the Irwell. In the first leap he 
 descended feet downwards into the water, and in the se- 
 cond leap, head downwards, Dec. 21. Height, 60 to 70 ft. 
 
 Moses Hughes, an eminent and highly respected mu- 
 sician, died Dec. 27, aged 72 years. Buried at St. John's. 
 
 838. First annual meeting of the Miles Platting Mechanics' 
 Institution was held Jan. lo. 
 
 James Norris, Esq. chairman of the Salford quarter ses- 
 sions, died Jan. 19, aged 63 years, and was buried in the 
 Derby chapel, in the Collegiate church. 
 
 Night Asylum for the destitute poor, Smithfield, op. Feb. 5. 
 
 Manchester School of Design formed, Feb. 
 
 Fire at the Oxford-road Twist Company's factory, in the 
 
 occupation of Cooke & Hyde, March 7.— Damage, ^6,000. 
 
 - Petition for a charter of incorporation, containing ll,83l 
 signatures, forwarded from Manchester, for presentation 
 to her Majesty's privy council, March 11. 
 
 - — John Frederick Foster, Esq. stipendiary magistrate, 
 appointed chairman of the quarter sessions, March. 
 E 
 
98 1838. 
 
 1838. Daniel Maude, Esq. barrister, appointed stipendiary ma. 
 gistrate, March 19. r t~ j """ 
 
 First stone on the Manchester side of Victoria bridge 
 
 W ?f l aid ^ by E lkanah Armitage, Esq. boroughreeve of 
 Salford, March 31. 
 Ardwick cemetery opened, il/m7 13. 
 
 Wesleyan association chapel, Cheetham Hill, op. May 13. 
 
 John O'Connell, residing in Red Bull court, Mason- 
 
 street, died May 14, aged 105. 
 
 Manchester and Bolton Railway opened May 24. Its 
 
 length is ten miles, and the cost was .€650,000. Office. 
 New Bailey- street, Salford. 
 
 Zoological Gardens, Higher Broughton, opened May 31. 
 
 These gardens occupy near 16 acres of land, laid out in 
 the best style of landscape gardening, with flowers, hardy 
 shrubs, forest trees, pleasant promenades, arbours, rustic 
 seats, tents, &c. Town office, King-street. 
 
 Unitarian Chapel, Strangeways, opened June 17.— The 
 
 Sunday School opened June 24— Infants' School 
 
 Salford Mechanics' Institution opened, June 23. John 
 
 Frederick Foster, Esq, president. 
 
 - Mary Moore, aged 48, found murdered at mid-day, at 
 Withington, June 20. George Hodges was tried at the 
 following assizes at Liverpool, and acquitted. 
 
 South Lancashire Bank buildings. York-st. op. June 23. 
 
 Coronation of Queen Victoria celebrated, June 28. 
 
 The first stone of the Hope-street Schools, Oldfield Road, 
 
 Salford, was laid, June 28. The juvenile boys' school was 
 opened April 8, 1839 ; and the infants' school, April 29. 
 
 Great Flood in the Irwell, July 4. 
 
 *— Benjamin Heywood, Esq. banker, and president of the 
 Mechanics' Institution, created a baronet, July. 
 
 Rev. Robert Stevens M'All.LL.D., minister of the Inde- 
 pendent chapel, Mosley-street, died July 27, in the 46th 
 year of his age. " In him were blended the choicest vir- 
 tues and graces which can ornament the Christian man, 
 or adorn the Christian minister." 
 
 First stone on the Salford side of Victoria bridge was 
 
 laid by J. Brown, Esq. boroughreeve of Man Chester, July 2. 
 
 - Marshal Soult visited Manchester, July 20, and was en- 
 tertained at a dinner at the Union club house, Mosley-st. 
 
 — — Assessment of property in the township, ^543,585. 
 Messrs. Mackintosh's and Co.'s, patent cloth factory, 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock, destroyed by fire, Aug. 25. — 
 
 three lives lost 
 Mr. Henry Powell accidentally killed in the New Bailey, 
 
 Sept. 12. 
 — — The junction of the Bridgewater canal with the river 
 
 Mersey by means of Locks, completed and opened Sept. 20. 
 
1838 99 
 
 1838, Great Radical demonstration meeting: on Kersal Moor, 
 Sept. 24. The estimate of the number of persons present 
 was, by different statements, 300,000, 44,000, and 30,000. 
 
 The amount of steam power employed in the various 
 
 branches of manufacture in the parliamentary boroughs 
 of Manchester and Salford was, — Manchester, 7,926^ ; 
 Salford, 1,998 : total horses' power, 9,924£. 
 
 Eleanora Byrom, daughter of Edward Byrom, Esq. the 
 
 founder of St. John's church, died Oct. 8, aged 82 years. 
 She was a lady whose many virtues endeared her to all 
 with whom through life she came in contact. With a 
 large fortune, she inherited a generous and benevolent 
 heart, which prompted her to dispose of it freely in acts of 
 charity and beneficence ; and her name (with that of Mrs. 
 Frances Hall)) will long live in the memory of the poor, 
 and on the records of every public institution in Man- 
 chester, having for its object the religious as well as tem- 
 poral benefit of the needy and unfortunate. Miss Byrom 
 was buried in the Byrom chapel, Collegiate church. 
 
 — — The centres of the arch of Victoria bridge washed down 
 by a flood, Oct. 16 j Mr. Gannon, the contractor, in endea- 
 vouring to secure them, had his leg broken. 
 
 The Charter, constituting Manchester a borough, Oct 23. 
 
 Constituency of the borough of Manchester was 11,995 
 
 votes ; Salford, 2,227 votes, Oct. 25. 
 
 Ancoats Lyceum, Great An coats- street, opened Oct. 
 
 John Cunningham, jun. of Hulme, found murdered in 
 
 Granby Row, Nov. 3. 
 
 The sum of ^20,000 was raised at a meeting held in the 
 
 Wesleyan Methodist chapel, Oldham- street, Nov. 7, for 
 the purpose of commemorating the centenary of the 
 founding of that sect by the Rev. John Wesley. 
 
 Carpenters' Hall, Garrat-road, opened Nov. 12. This 
 
 pile of building-, which cost about ^4,500, was erected at 
 the sole cost of the journeymen whose name it bears, and 
 is highly creditable to them. The area of the hall is about 
 75 feet long by 57 feet wide, with a gallery affording seats 
 for 500 persons, forming on the whole, the largest and 
 best room in Manchester for holding a public meeting. 
 
 Parthenon, Smithfield, established Nov. 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlock Lyceum opened Dec. 8. 
 
 The election of councillors for the 15 wards into which 
 
 Manchester is divided by the charter, Dec. 14 : John Hyde, 
 Gent, returning officer. 
 
 First meeting of the council ; election of alderman ; 
 
 Thomas Potter, Esq. elected Mayor , and Mr. Joseph 
 Heron, attorney, appointed Town Clerk, Dec. 15. 
 
 " Manchester Poetry, with an Introductory Essay by 
 
 James Wheeler," l2mo. Dec. 
 
 — — Royal Olympic theatre, Stevenson-sq., opened Dec. 26. 
 
 LofC. 
 
100 1833—1839. 
 
 1S38. Rev. Joseph Rayner Stephens apprehended at Ashton, 
 Dec. 27, and examined at the New Bailey, Dec. 28. 
 
 Three lives lost by the falling in of a cellar in a brewery, 
 
 near Broughton-road, Dec. 30. 
 
 1839. Manchester Chronicle and Salford Standard, (late 
 Wheelers Manchester Chronicle) No. J, Jan. 5, printed 
 and published by Josiah Leicester, No. 4, St. Ann's-street. 
 
 A storm commits great damage in Manchester and 
 
 neighbourhood, ,/////. (i. 
 
 The centres of the arch of Victoria Bridge thrown down 
 
 in the great hurricane, Jan. 7 . 
 
 Octagon chimney, 164 feet ; inches high, at Mr. Paton's 
 
 works, at Cornbrook, thrown down during the tremend- 
 ous gale, Jan. 7- It was reared May 28, 1836. 
 
 Great anti-corn law dinner, in the Corn Exchange, Jan. 
 
 23.— 800 persons present. 
 
 Fire at the Manchester Cotton Mills, in Miller's- street, 
 
 Feb. 10, in the occupation of Mr. J. A. Beaver. One of 
 the mills is said to be the oldest in Manchester, having 
 been erected by Sir Kiel) ard Avkwright, about the year 1780. 
 
 George Whittaker, aged 33, attempted to murder his 
 
 wife, in Club-row, Oldham-road, March 17. Received 
 sentence of death, Aug 14 ; commuted to transportation. 
 
 The last key stone of the arch of Victoria bridge was 
 
 set by Humphrey Trafford, Esq., March 23. 
 
 St. Barnabas's church, Openshaw, opened April 1 j con- 
 secrated, Oct. 7. 
 
 Mr. James Chapman, attorney, appointed Coroner for 
 
 the borough of Manchester, April 8. 
 
 Anti-Corn Law Circular, No. l, April 17. Published by 
 
 the Manchester Anti-Corn Law Association. 
 
 J. F. Foster, Esq appointed Recorder of the borough of 
 
 Manchester, April 18. Resigned May. 
 
 Manchester Institution for the illustration and encou- 
 ragement of practical science, established April. Office, 
 Exchange. 11. H. Birley, Esq., chairman. 
 
 Examination of eight chartists at the New Bailey.il/ay 4. 
 
 Ladies' bazaar for the benefit of the Female Penitentiary, 
 
 May 8 and 9, when the sum of ^£i,000 was raised in aid 
 of the funds of the institution. 
 
 Thomas Cooper, Esq., a barrister, at Manchester, in 
 
 1792, but who was compelled to leave his native country 
 during the disgraceful riots in that year, retired to 
 America, and settled at Colombia, where he died May 11, 
 in the 80th year of his age. 
 
 The first stone of an Independent chapel, in York-street, 
 
 Cheetham Hill, was laid, May 16. 
 
 Temperance festival, Corn Exchange, May 29.— 600 per- 
 sons present. 
 
 Manchester and Leeds Railway, as far as Littleborough , 
 
 opened June 4. 
 
1839. 101 
 
 1839. The New Microcosm : consisting of miscellaneous lite- 
 rary productions. By the senior class of the Manchester 
 free grammer school. "Non conamur tenues grandia." 
 No. 1, June. Printed by Cave and Sever. 
 
 Police, under the corporation of the borough of Man- 
 chester, commenced their duties, Monday, June 17. 
 
 Mr. Richard Beswick, appointed head constable of the 
 
 borough of Manchester, at a salary of ^400 per annum, 
 June 17. 
 
 Borough police court, (late manor court room) Brown- 
 street, opened June 18. 
 
 Salford Lyceum, held its first general meeting, June 19, 
 
 Daniel Maude, Esq., president. 
 
 Mr. John Ogden, attorney, appointed clerk of the peace 
 
 for the borough of Manchester, June 24. 
 
 The length of main pipes laid down by the Manchester 
 
 Gas company since the gas act of 1824, is 75 miles 426 yards. 
 
 Victoria bridge opened with grand procession, June 20. 
 
 Outside the north battlement, in the panel over the key 
 stone, is cut the following inscription : " This Bridge was 
 built at the expense of the inhabitants of the Hundred of 
 Salford, upon the site of Salford Old Bridge, of three 
 Gothic arches, erected in the year of our Lord, one 
 thousand three hundred and sixty-five. The first stone 
 was laid in the first year of the reign of Queen Victoria, 
 and the Bridge was opened on the twentieth of June in 
 
 . the third year of her reign, and in the year of our Lord, 
 1839, and was by her majesty's permission called Victoria 
 Bridge." Charles Carrington, bridge-master, and John 
 Gannon, contractor. 
 
 The cost of building was ^"10,800 
 
 The cost of widening the approach on the 7 7 ftftft 
 
 Manchester side 40 yards in length .... $ 7»<wu 
 And the cost within the same distance on ) q nnn 
 
 the Salford side $ 6 > W{i 
 
 ^20,800 
 
 — First quarter sessions for the borough of Manchester, 
 June 26, before Robert Baynes Armstrong, Esq., Recorder. 
 
 — - The warehouse of Messrs. Nathans, Lloyd- street, des- 
 troyed by fire, July 17. Damage ^12,000. 
 
 — The first stone of the " Hall of Science," in Camp-field, 
 was laid by Robert Owen, Esq., the philanthropist, and 
 
 formerly of New Lanark, Aug. 5. 
 
 — Cabs introduced into Manchester : the first was made 
 by Mr. W. H. Beeston, of Tib-street, for Mr. William 
 White, of Spear-street, who commenced plying from the 
 Piccadilly stand, Aug. 6. 
 
 2 E 
 
10*2 1839. 
 
 1839. Twenty -four chartist rioters committed by the magis- 
 trates of Manchester, for their participation in the riots 
 at Bolton, Aug. 12. 
 
 Chartist holiday, Aug. 12. Disturbances in Manchester 
 
 and neighbourhood. 
 
 Italian opera, theatre -royal, Aug. 12 and 13. 
 
 A fire in a warehouse in Dickinson-street, occupied by 
 
 Messrs. A. J. Saalfield's & Co., Aug. 15. Damage ^ J 20,000. 
 
 Borough coronership. Rutter v Chapman, nisi prius 
 
 court, Liverpool, Aug. 26. Verdict for the defendant, 
 subject to a rule to be argued before the judges in the 
 Court of Exchequer. 
 
 Manchester police bill received the royal assent, Aug. 
 
 27. Sir Charles Shaw, knt., appointed commissioner at a 
 salary of .£700 per annum, Sept. Takes possession of 
 the police establishments, the old and the new, Oct. 17. 
 
 A full length statue of Dr. John Dalton, by Sir Francis 
 
 Chantry, erected in the entrance hall of the royal insti- 
 tution, Aug. 
 
 Heaton park races discontinued by Lord Wilton, Sept. 
 
 Election for the borough of Manchester (under the pre- 
 cept of T. Evans, Esq. boroughreeve) Sept. 5, when the 
 following were the numbers at the close of the poll : 
 Robert Hyde Greg, Esq. 3,096 ; Right Hon. Sir George 
 Murray, knt. 2,960 ; Colonel Peyronnet Thompson, 63. 
 
 Election for the borough of Manchester (under the pre- 
 cept of Thomas Potter, Esq. mayorj when the following 
 were the numbers at the close of the poll : Robert Hyde 
 Greg, Esq. 3,121 , Right Hon. Sir George Murray, 3,156. 
 
 Mr. Thelwell, silversmith, St. Ann's-square, lighted a 
 
 clock with gas for the public convenience, Sep. 14. 
 
 Clock of St. Ann's church, lighted with gas, Sept. 23. 
 
 The Bazaar Gazette, and Town Hall Chronicle, Nos. 1, 
 
 2, and 3, Sept. 24, 25, and 26, published on the mornings 
 of the three bazaar days, in aid of the building fund of 
 the Mechanics' Institution. 
 
 Sir Oswald Mosley, bart., lord of the manor, laid the 
 
 first stone of a new church in Every-street, Ancoats, 
 Oct. 26, and generously gave land and property amount- 
 ing to ^1,4 00 towards its erection and endowment. 
 Dr. Warren the intended minister. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Elsdale resigns his situation as high master of 
 
 the Free Grammar school. Rev. J. W. Richards, second 
 master, appointed his successor. Oct. 
 
 The Manchester and Salford Junction Canal, connecting 
 
 the river Irvvell, near the Old Quay, with the Rochdale 
 canal, near the Albion mills, and by means of existing 
 navigations the western coast of Liverpool, w T ith the 
 eastern coast of Hull, opened Oct. 28. 
 
ADDENDA. 103 
 
 1839. The Manchester Royal Observatory for astronomical 
 and meteorological purposes. A society for the carrying 
 out this object and erecting an observatory on Kersal 
 Moor, established in Manchester, Oct. President, Lord 
 Francis Egerton. 
 
 Manchester Geological Society held its first annual 
 
 meeting in its rooms, in Faulkner-street, Oct. 31. 
 
 Thomas Potter, Esq., re-elected mayor of Manchester, 
 
 Nov. 9. 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 1719. The Manchester Weekly Jo uirnal ; containing the fresh- 
 est advices both foreign and domestic, to be continued 
 weekly. Printed by and sold by Roger Adams, at the 
 lower end of Smithy door. Price one penny. No. 325 is 
 dated March 15, 1725. Mr. Adams carried on this paper 
 some time longer, and then removed to Chester, where 
 he commenced the " Chester Courant." 
 
 1 785. Mr. Saddler ascended in an air balloon from the pleasure 
 gardens of the late J. Howarth, Esq., at the back of his 
 house, (now the Manchester Arms Inn, in Long Millgate) 
 the site of Balloon- street, May 13 and 19. Tickets 10s. 6d. 
 and 5s. In the first ascent he landed at Ringley, near 
 Bolton, and in the second, in the neighbourhood of 
 Don caster. 
 
 1786. James Holland was hanged at Eolton moor, for croft 
 breaking, Sept. 12. 
 
 1804. Thomas Furnival, governor of the house of correction, 
 Hunt's bank, died Feb. 22, aged 66. 
 
 1824. The tread mill introduced into the Manchester New 
 Bailey, Feb. 18. 
 
 1830. The Society of Friends' Meetinghouse, Dickinson-street 
 rebuilt, and opened June 9. 
 
 1836. Thomas Walker, Esq., barrister- at -law, and one of the 
 magistrates of Lambeth- street police office, London, died 
 at Brussels; Jan. 20, aged 52 years. He was born at 
 Manchester, and was the son of the late Thomas Walker, 
 Esq., of St. Mary's, and brother to the present J. S. W. 
 Walker, Esq., of Longford, an alderman of Manchester. 
 
BOROUGHREEVES OF MANCHESTER, 
 
 From 1/60 to 1839 inclusive. 
 
 1 760 Thomas Battersbee, 
 
 1800 John Tetlow, 
 
 1761 Edward Byrom, 
 
 1801 Joseph Thackeray, 
 
 1 762 Thomas Chadwick, 
 
 1802 Samuel Smith, 
 
 ] 763 Thomas Tipping, 
 
 1803 Edward Hobson 
 
 1764 JohnHardman, 
 
 1804 James Hibbert, 
 
 1765 James Hodson 
 
 1805 William Fox, 
 
 1766 Charles Ford, 
 
 1806 Joseph Seddon, 
 
 1/67 James Borron, 
 
 1807 William Starkie, 
 
 1768 William Edge, 
 
 1808 Richard Rushforth, 
 
 1 769 Robert Gartside, 
 
 1809 John Ratcliffe, 
 
 1770 Samuel Clowes, jun. 
 
 1810 Thomas Fosbrooke, 
 
 1771 Thomas Stott, 
 
 1811 Richard Wood, 
 
 1772 John Hey wood, 
 
 1812 Jeremiah Fielding, 
 
 1773 Edward Borron, 
 
 1S13 Thomas Hardman, 
 
 J 774 Benjamin Bower, 
 
 1814 Hugh Hornby Birley, 
 
 1775 Thomas Marriott, 
 
 1815 Wm. Johnson Edensor, 
 
 1776 Daniel Whittaker, 
 
 1816 Joseph Green, 
 
 1777 Joseph Rider, 
 
 I817 T. Scholes Withington, 
 
 1778 William Bullock, 
 
 1818 Edward Clayton. 
 
 1779 Thomas Chadwick, 
 
 181 9 Thomas Sharp, 
 
 1780 Benjamin Luke Winter, 
 
 1820 James Brierley, 
 
 178I Nathaniel Philips, 
 
 1821 The same re- appointed, 
 
 1782 Lawrence Gardner, 
 
 1822 Thomas Worthington, 
 
 1783 Thomas Johnson, 
 
 1823 Gilbert Winter, 
 
 1784 William Houghton, 
 
 1824 S. Grimshaw, 
 
 1785 Thomas Starkie, 
 
 1825 William Lomas, 
 
 I786 John Kearsley, 
 
 1 826 George Neden, 
 
 1787 George Barton, 
 
 1827 Charles Cross, 
 
 1788 James Billinge, 
 
 1828 David Bannerman, 
 
 1789 Edward Place, 
 
 I829 Bulkeley Price, 
 
 I790 Thomas Walker, 
 
 1830 James Burt, 
 
 1791 Nathan Crompton, 
 
 1831 Benjamin Braidley, 
 
 1792 James Ackers, 
 
 1832 The same re-appointed, 
 
 1793 James Entwistle 
 
 1833 R. C. Sharp, 
 
 1794 Thomas Richardson, 
 
 1834 Edmund Buckley, 
 
 1795 Henry Faiington, 
 
 1835 John Mac vicar, 
 
 1796 Joseph Hardman, 
 
 - 1836 John Hyde, 
 
 1797 John Poole, 
 
 1837 John Brown 
 
 1798 William Myers, 
 
 1838 Thomas Evans, 
 
 1799 Charles Fred. Brandt, 
 
 1839 John Brooks 
 
ITINERARY. 
 
 OF SEVEN MILES ROUND MANCHESTER. 
 
 Acre's Field, three miles N. W. 
 
 Acre Top, five miles N. N. E. 
 
 Agecroft Bridge, over the Irwell, four miles N. W. 
 
 Agecroft Hail. 
 
 Alkrington, five miles N. N.E.-- Alkrington Hall, was formerly 
 the residence of Sir Ashton Lever, who commenced his ex- 
 tensive collection of natural and artificial curiosities at this 
 place, merely from the circumstance of having shot a white 
 sparrow. Sir Ashton Lever died at Manchester, Jan. 31, 1788. 
 
 Ancoats Hall, the ancient seat of the Mosleys. 
 
 Aidwick Green, one mile S. E. — Higher Ardwick. 
 
 Ashfield, three miles S. — Ashfield House. 
 
 Ashton-under-Line, seven miles E. 
 
 Audenshaw. five miles E. 
 
 Bank TOp, in Newton, two miles N. E. 
 
 Barlow Moor and Barlow Hall, five miles S. 
 
 Barton-upon-Irwell, five miles W. 
 
 Beardsall Fold, three and a half mile N. 
 
 Belle Vue, one and a half miles W. N. W. 
 
 Besses o' th' Bam, five miles N. N. W. 
 
 Beswick adjoins Manchester to the E. 
 
 Birch, or Birch Chapel, two and a half miles S. E. 
 
 Birch Hall, Rusholme. 
 
 B'rchin Bower, five miles N. E. 
 
 Black Brook, four and a half miles S. S. E. 
 
 Blakestakes,two miles S. S. E. 
 
 Biakeley, four miles N. N. E. 
 
 Boar Green, three and a half miles N. E. 
 
 Bolton, Little (Pendleton) three miles W. 
 
 Bower House, Heaton Norris, six miles S. S. E. 
 
 Bowker's Bank, three miles N. 
 
 Bow Lee, Little Heaton, six miles N. 
 
 Bradford, adjoins Manchester to the E. 
 
 Bradford Hall, two miles E. 
 
 Broken Bank, two and a half miles N. 
 
 Broken Bank, the old name for the Cresent, Salford. 
 
 Broughton, adjoins Manchester to the N. W, 
 
 Broughton Ford two miles W. N. W. & Broughton Spout, N. 
 
 Broughton Hall, three miles N. — Rev. John Clowes. 
 
106 ITINERARY, 
 
 Burnage. four and a half miles S. S. E. 
 
 Cbaddertox, seven miles N. N. E. 
 
 Charles Town, Ash ton-under- Line. 
 
 Cheadle, six miles S. 
 
 Cheetham Hill, two miles E. N. E. 
 
 Chetwood, one mile N. 
 
 Chorlton with Hardv, four miles S. S. W. 
 
 Chorlton Fold, five miles W. N. W. 
 
 Chorlton-upon-Medlcck joins Manchester to the south. 
 
 Clayton Hall, three miles E. 
 
 Clifton, five miles N. W.— Clifton Hall 
 
 Clock House, (Droylsden) four miles E. 
 
 Collyhurst, one and a half mile N. E. — Collyhurst Hall. 
 
 Conkers, four miles N. E. 
 
 Cornbrook, one and a half miles S. W. 
 
 Croft (Barton) six miles W. S. W. 
 
 Cross Bank, six miles W. S. W. 
 
 Crumpsall, two miles N.— Crumpsall, Hall, 2£ miles E. 
 
 Culcheth Hall (Newton) three miles E. 
 
 Cutler Hill, five miles N. E. 
 
 Daisy Bank, two and a half miles S. S. E. 
 
 Davy Hulme. seven miles \V. S. W. 
 
 Denton Hall, (Denton) five miles E. S. E. 
 
 Didsbury, five and a half miles S. 
 
 Diggles Fold, four miles N. W. 
 
 Dob Lane, three miles E. N. E. 
 
 Dog House (Withington) four miles S. 
 
 Droylsden, four miles E. 
 
 Dumplington (Barton) six miles W. S. W. 
 
 Dyne, five miles N. W. 
 
 Eccles, four miles W. 
 
 Ellenbrook, four and a half miles 
 
 Failsworth, four miles N. E. 
 
 Fairfield, four miles E.— A Moravian establishment here. 
 
 Fairy Hill, one and a half mile N. 
 
 Fallow Field, five and a half miles S. 
 
 Famine Lodge, four miles S. E. 
 
 Flixton, seven miles S. W. 
 
 Fold, six miles S. S. E. 
 
 Fox Hill, six and a half miles W. 
 
 Garrat joins Manchester to the south— Garrat Hall. 
 
 Gorton Hall, three and a half miles E. S. E. 
 
 Green End. in Burnage, five miles S. S. E. 
 
 Green Roads (Heaton) five miles N. 
 
 Greenheys, one and a half mile 
 
 Greenside (Droylsden) four miles E. 
 
 Gorton House, four miles S. E. 
 
 Hardman's Fold, near Prestwich 
 
 Harpurbey, two and a half miles N. N. E. 
 
 Hart Hill, three miles W. 
 
ITINERARY. 107 
 
 Haugfaton, six miles S. E. 
 
 Heaton, Great, four miles N.— Heaton House, Earl Wilton. 
 
 Heaton, Little, five miles N. 
 
 Heaton Norris, six miles S. S. E. 
 
 High Barn (Middleton) six miles N. 
 
 Higham Fold, Ashton-under-Line. 
 
 Hollinghurst, seven miles N. N. W. 
 
 Hollinwood, six miles N. E. 
 
 Hope, three miles W. N. W. 
 
 Hopwood Hall, seven miles N. N. W. 
 
 Horrage Fold, near Oldham, 
 
 Houghton, Little, five miles N. W. 
 
 Hough's End, four miles S. S. E.— Ancient seat of the Mosley's 
 
 Hullart Hall, two miles S. S. W. 
 
 Hulme joins Manchester to the S. E.— Hulme Hall. 
 
 Hulme Hall (Reddish) five and a half miles S. E. 
 
 Hyde Hall, near Denton, six miles S. E. 
 
 Irlam's o' th' Height, three and a half miles N. W. 
 
 Irwell House, four miles N. £. 
 
 Jackson's Bridge (Jackson's Boat) 4% miles S. S. W. 
 
 Kersley, seven miles N. W. — Kersley Hall. 
 
 Kersal Moor, three miles N. W.—Kersal Hall. 
 
 Kirkmanshulme, or Kedmanshulme, three miles S. E. 
 
 Lady Barn, five miles S. S. E. 
 
 Land's End, five miles W. 
 
 Lane Head, four miles E. 
 
 Levenshulme, four miles S. S. E. 
 
 Lightbourn Hall, three miles N. E. 
 
 Litchfield Hall, four miles N. N. W. 
 
 Little Green, one mile N. E. 
 
 Longford, three and a half miles S. S. W. 
 
 Longsight, three three miles S. S. E. 
 
 May Field, two miles S. 
 
 Middleton, six miles N. N. E.— Middleton Hall, Lord Suffiala 
 
 Monton, five miles W. N. W. 
 
 Moss Side, two miles S. 
 
 Moss, four miles E. 
 
 Moston, four miles N. E. 
 
 New Barn, two miles W. 
 
 New Hall, (Pendleton) two miles N. W. 
 
 Newton, two miles N. E.— Newton Heath, three miles N. E. 
 
 New Town, four and half miles N. W. 
 
 Norris Hill, Heaton Norris, six miles S. S. E. 
 
 Northen Ford, half a mile west of Didsbury. 
 
 Oak Bridge, three and a half miles S. 
 
 Oldham, seven miles N. E. 
 
 Old Hall, (Withington) four miles S. 
 
 Old Hall, Ashton-under-Line— Earl of Stamford. 
 
 Openshaw, three miles E. 
 
 Ordsall Ha.ll, two miles S. W. 
 
108 ITINERARY. 
 
 Park, half a mile west of Prestwich, Robert Philips, Esq. 
 - Park Farm, three miles S. W. 
 Patricroft, five miles W. 
 Peel Green, five miles W. 
 Pendlebury, four miles N. W. 
 Pendleton, two miles W. N. W. 
 Pilkington, six miles N. W.— Pilkington Park 
 Piatt Chapel, three miles S. S. E.— Piatt House, 2£ miles S. 
 Prestwich, four miles N. N. W. 
 Radcliffe, seven miles N. W.— Radcliffe Bridge. 
 Reddish, five miles S. E.— Reddish Hall and Reddish Mill. 
 Rhodes, two miles west of Prestwich. 
 Roads, one and a half mile west of Middleton. 
 Rusholme, two and half miles S. S. E. 
 Sandford, four and a half miles S. E. 
 Seeley, three miles W. 
 Shaving Lane, seven miles W. N. W: 
 Shaw Town, seven miles S. W. — Shaw Hall. 
 Shepley, six miles E,— Shepley Hall and Shepley Bridge. 
 Smedley Hall, two miles N. N. E. 
 Smethurst's Barn, five miles N. N. W. 
 Stand, six miles N. N. W.— Stand Hall. 
 Strangeways joins Manchester to the N.— Strangeways Hall. 
 Street Fold, four miles N. E. 
 Stretford, four miles S. W. 
 Stoney Knolls, two miles N. 
 Swinton, five miles W. S. W. 
 Taunton, one mile N. W. of Ashton-under-Line. 
 Tellow Fold, two miles N. 
 Three Lane Ends, two and a half miles N. E. 
 Throstlenest, two miles W.— Paper Mill. 
 Tong joins Middleton to the S. 
 Top o' th' Bank, six miles S. S. E. 
 Trafford (Old) two miles S. W.— Old Trafford Hall. 
 Trafford Park, three miles W— Trafford Moss, four miles W.S. W. 
 Under Bank, six miles S. S. E. 
 Unsworth Pole, seven miles N. — Unsworth Chapel. 
 Urmston, five miles S. W. At this village was born, Dec. 16, 
 
 1708, John Collier, the deservedly favorite " Tim Bobbin." 
 Walkden Moor, seven miles N. W. 
 Whitefield, six miles N. N. W. 
 White Hill, five and a half miles S. W. 
 White Smithy, two and a half miles N. 
 Wilderspool, five miles W. S. W. 
 Withington, three and a half miles S. 
 Woden's Ford, near Hulme Hall— Woden's Cave, in Ordsall. 
 Woodlands, two and a half miles N. 
 
 Worsiey, six miles W. N. W— Worsley Hall and Worsley Mills 
 Yew Tree, four miles N. N. E. 
 Zoological Gardens, Higher Broughton, i£ miles. 
 
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