'%.^^-^Ό'Ο^'^'*'•^^^^ %^^%-α] luNITED STATES OF -AMERICA. J FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK ADAPTED TO HADLEY'S GREEK GRAMMAR, AND INTENDED AB AN INTRODUCTION TO XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. % JAMES R. BOISE, Ph. D. pbofe880e in the uniyebsity of chicago, editoe of xenophon's anabasis, the fibst six books of homeb's iliad, etc. CHICAGO : S. C. GRIGGS & COMPANY. 18T0. .ϊ> Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by S. C. GRIGGS & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the "United States for the Northern District of Illinois. THE TEOW AND SMITH BOOK MANUFAOTCEING COMPANY. PREFACE The following exercises are intended, as the title-page indicates, to prepare the beginner in Greek for the study of Xenophon's Anabasis. While therefore the aim has been to furnish a sufficient amount of grammatical knowl- edge, so that the learner may enter successfully, and with- out too sudden a transition, upon the study of a Greek author, the fact has not been lost sight of that too many difficulties are often placed in the path of the learner at the very outset. I am encouraged to hope tfeat the end has been attained ; and, at the same time, that the error of condensing too much into too limited a period of study has been avoided. These exercises were written for a class in the preparatory department of this University, and have been found, for this class at least, to involve grammatical information sufficient for an introductory work ; nor has the transition from one exercise to another, or from these exercises to the Anabasis, seemed to be too abrupt. It will be perceived that the object of this work is not to familiarize the learner with the more difficult rules of syntax, but with the ordinary inflections of words, such as occur in Attic prose. It is no small attainment when one IV PREFACE. has learned to put together correctly and easily the arti* cle, the adjective, and the substantive ; and to perceive in- stantly the force, either by the eye or by the ear, of the different cases and numbers, with or without the article; and, in the verb, of the different modes, tenses, voices, numbers, and persons. A judicious use of these exercises will do much towards the attainment of this end. They are purposely made as simple as possible, that a greater number of forms may be involved, and that repetition — a grand secret in the acquisition of any language — may be carried to as great an extent as practicable. Should any teacher find them too long, they can be abridged by omit- ting a few of the sentences in each exercise. It is hoped, however, this will not be found necessary. It is but just to say, that in the plan of the work and in the preparation of the sepa^ie exercises, many useful hints have been ob- tained from Harkness' Introductory Latin Book, — a work combining simplicity and perspicuity with exact scholar- ship and practical utility in a very rare degree. Much knowledge, which the learner is supposed to have acquired in the study of that work, is presupposed in this. No attempt has been made in the following exercises to indicate with exactness the length of the lessons. This must vary considerably w T ith different classes according to their age and capacity ; and should be left to the good judgment of the teacher. Every experienced teacher knows that nothing is gained, and very much lost, by hur- rying over the rudiments of any study. The great danger, especially in our country, lies in too great haste ; rendering PREFACE. V all the acquisitions, both of teacher and of pupil, inaccurate and superficial. The constant use of blackboards, extensive enough for an entire"» class, cannot be too strongly recommended. Nothing else will secure entire accuracy, particularly in the accentuation. The practice of writing the inflections, and the Greek sentences in the advance lessons, on the blackboard, and of reciting those in review orally — with as much promptness, accuracy, and distinctness as possible — is perhaps the best method. The derivations of Greek words which are not primi- tives, and of English words from the Greek, are occasion- ally given ; yet much in this field has been purposely left to the teacher. Much also of this work may better be postponed till a later period in the study ; as the mastery of the inflections should be the first obie^^and receive nearly undivided attention. ^φ Few directions are given in this wor^^u• parsing; partly, because it is supposed the learner has already studied Latin, and may in Greek adopt the same methods with which he has already become familiar ; partly also, because the old, humdrum, mechanical system of parsing may be carried to a very injurious extent. While in many schools it has been entirely neglected, to the ruin of all thorough and exact scholarship, in a few, and those among the best in the country, it has probably occupied too much time, at the expense of familiar and varied exercises in the construction of phrases and sentences. The more con- stantly these latter exercises are resorted to ? under a skilful VI PREFACE. and wide-awake teacher, who really understands Greek, the more rapid will be the advancement of the learner, the greater his interest in the study, and the more accu- rate, critical, and thorough his knowledge. On reaching the verb, the learner will find his exclusive attention given for some time to this alone, without in- volving other parts of speech, or any rules of syntax. The author believes that if this plan is adopted and faithfully carried out, it will secure greater familiarity with the forms of the verb than is usually attained, with even less than the usual difliculty. The admirable development of the verb by Professor Hadley, carefully and patiently followed through to the end, secures a most perfect mastery of the subject. For the sake of variety, a few other verbs are introduced into the exercises besides λΰω, which is not quite perfect as anaradigm, on account of the irregularity in the quantity of the stem (Gr. 420, 3). Although τίω is not used in AttTtTprose, yet it has been introduced into the fol- lowing exercises, in connection with λτίω, on account of the regularity and simplicity of the forms. The verb βουλευω, which in its mere forms serves so well as a para digm, does not present quite so clearly to the mind of th* beginner the distinction between the active and middle voices ; and hence is not introduced among the earlier exercises on the verb. It is to be regretted that, iti some works for beginners in Greek, a false, or at least highly improbable, meaning is assigned to the active voice of this verb. (See Liddeli and Scott's Greek Lexicon, βονλενω, HI.) PREFACE. VU In the mode of writing pp (without the breathings), the usage more prevalent in Germany within the last few years has been followed. If any teacher prefers, he can require his pupils to write pp (with the breathings). The acute accent is preserved before a comma ; although the most recent usage, as seen in the editions of Teubner, seems to favor the depression of the acute accent, when followed by a pause no longer than a comma. Throughout the entire work, the English exercises (to be turned into Greek) have been so constructed that the learner will derive essential aid from the Greek sentences immediately preceding. In this way, questions in respect to arrangement, and many other points, may at once be practically settled. No previous work of the author's has been offered to the public with such unfeigned diffidence ; partly, because no two teachers pursue the same method in beginning a language ; but chiefly, because some experience has proved the difficulty of avoiding imperfections and real blunders, which are very humiliating. To those many friends who have so kindly encouraged the author in the present and in former efforts, sincere thanks are here offered. JAMES R. BOISE. University op Chicago, June, 18T0. CONTENTS. PAGH Preliminary lessons in orthography and euphony 1 Inflection. § 1. First Declension (A-declension) 2 Exercise I. Feminines 2 Exercise II. Feminines (Continued) 4 § 2. First Declension (Continued) 7 Exercise ΙΠ. Masculines 7 § 3. Second Declension (O-declension) 9 Exercise IY. Masculines 9 § 4. Second Declension (Continued) 11 Exercise Y. Feminine and Neuter Nouns 11 § 5. Adjectives of the Yowel-declension 12 Exercise YI 12 § 6. Second Declension (Continued). Contracts, and Attic Second Declension 14 Exercise YII 14 § 7. First and Second Declensions. Substantives and Ad- jectives 15 Exercise YIII 15 § 8. First and Second Declensions (Continued) 17 Exercise IX , 17 § 9. Third Declension (Cons. Declension) 18 Exercise X. Stems ending in a labial or palatal 18 § 10. Third Declension (Continued) 20 Exercise XI. Stems ending in a lingual. A. Neuter stems • 20 1* X CONTENTS. PAGE § 11. Stems ending in a lingual (Continued). B. Masculine and Feminine Stems 21 Exercise ΧΠ 22 § 12. Thied Declension (Continued). Stems ending in a liquid. Syncopated stems in ep 23 Exercise XIII 23 § 13. Third Declension (Continued). Comparative stems in ov. Stems ending in s 24 Exercise XIV 25 § 14. Thied Declension (Continued). Stems in ι and v. Stems ending in a diphthong 26 Exercise XV 26 § 15. Adjectives of the Consonant-declension 28 Exercise XVI 28 § 16. Adjectives (Continued). Adjectives of two endings. Adjectives of one ending. Irregular Adjectives 30 Exercise XVII 30 § 17. Adjectives (Continued). Comparison 32 Exercise XVIII 33 § 18. Adjectives (Continued). Irregular and defective com- parison 34 Exercise XIX 34 § 19. Peonouns. Personal and possessive 36 Exercise XX 36 § 20. Peonouns (Continued). Intensive and demonstrative. . 37 Exercise XXI : 38 § 21. Peonouns (Continued), and Numerals. Relative, inter- rogative, indef. pronouns. Cardinal numbers 40 Exercise XXII 40 § 22. Miscellaneous Examples 42 Exercise XXIII , 42 § 23. Miscellaneous Examples (Continued) 45 Exercise XXIV * 45 § 24. Veebs. Voices, Modes, etc. Accent. Synopsis of λύω in the Active. Elements of the verb 48 Exercise XXV 48 § 25. Veebs (Continued). Tense-signs, etc 49 CONTENTS. XI PAGE Exercise XXVI 49 § 26. Verbs (Continued). Inflection of the pres. system, act. 51 Exercise XXVII 51 § 27. Verbs (Continued). Inflection of the fut. and 1st aor. act 53 Exercise XXVIII 53 § 28. Verbs (Continued). First perf. system, act 54 Exercise XXIX 54 § 29. Verbs (Continued). Synopsis of the mid. and passive voices. Inflection of the pres. system mid. (pass.). . . 55 Exercise XXX 55 § 30. Verbs (Continued). Fut. system, mid. Future perf. and 1st fut. pass. First aor. mid 57 Exercise XXXI 57 § 31. Verbs (Continued). Perf. system, mid. (pass.). First aor. pass 58 Exercise XXXII 58 § 32. Verbs (Continued). The participles 59 Exercise XXXIII 60 § 33. Verbs (Continued). Second aor. system, act. and mid. Second perf. system, act 62 Exercise XXXIV 62 § 34. Verbs (Continued). Second pass, system 63 Exercise XXXV , 63 Exercise XXXVI. A general review of the synopsis and inflection of the verb 64 § 35. Verbs (Continued). Contracts in άω. Act 65 Exercise XXXVII 65 § 36. Verbs (Continued). Contracts in άω. Mid. (pass.) 66 Exercise XXXVIII. 66 § 37. Verbs (Continued). Contracts in ίω. Act 68 Exercise XXXIX 68 § 38. Verbs (Continued). Contracts in eo. Mid. (pass.) 69 Exercise XL 69 § 39. Verbs (Continued). Contracts in όω. Act. and mid. (pass.) 70 Exercise XLI 70 XU CONTENTS. PAGE § 40. Verbs (Continued). Principal parts. Pure verbs 71 Exercise XLII 72 § 41. Verbs (Continued). Principal parts and mode of for- mation. Pure verbs (Continued). Mute verbs 74 Exercise XLIII 75 § 42. Veebs (Continued). Principal parts. Mute verbs (Con- tinued). Liquid verbs 76 Exercise XLIV 77 § 43. Verbs (Continued). Perf. mid. (pass.), and first pass. systems of τβλεω, στέλλω, φαίνω 78 Exercise XLV :..... 79 § 44. Verbs (Continued). Perf. mid. (pass.), and first pass. systems of ρίπτω, αλλάσσω, έλεγχω and πεί^ω 79 Exercise XL VI 80 § 45. Keflexive pronouns. Eeciprocal pronoun 81 Exercise XLVII. 81 § 46. Verbs in MI. Act. and Mid. (pass.) of τάημι 82 Exercise XL VIII 83 § 47. Verbs in MI (Continued), δίδωμι 84. Exercise XLIX . 84 § 48. Verbs in MI (Continued). ϊστημι 85 Exercise L. 85 § 49. Verbs in MI (Continued), δείκνυμι. Aor. act. and mid. of τ&ημι ... 86 Exercise LI. 86 § 50. Verbs in MI (Continued). Aor. act. and mid. of δίδωμι. Aor. act. of ϊστημι and of δύω. Second perf. system of ϊστημι 88 Exercise LII 88 § 51. Verbs in MI (Continued). Principal parts of τίΖημι, δί- δωμι, ϊστημι, and δςίκνυμι 89 Exercise LIII. . . 89 § 52. The verb ΐημι 91 Exercise LI V 92 § 53. The verb tlju 94 Exercise LV 94 § 54. The verb etui 96 CONTENTS. X1U • PAGE Exercise LVI 96 § 55. γίγνομαι and other verbs 99 . Exercise LVII 99 § 56. The verbs κάμαι, ημαι, κάΖημαι 101 Exercise LVIII 102 § 57• Short Sentences from the Anabasis 103 Exercise LIX 103 Exercise LX 105 Exercise LXI 108 Exercise LXII 110 Exercise LXIII 113 Exercise LXIY. : 116 Exercise LXV 119 Exercise LXVI 122 General Vocabulary 125 English—Greek 125 Greek— English 131 EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIA- TIONS USED IN THIS WORK Att Attic. cf. Lat. confer — compare, see. cogn cognate. coinm common or commonly. const construction. enclit enclitic. ff. and the following. fr from. Gr Grammar. Hadley. κτ€ και τα ere pa = et cetera. lit literal or literally. obj object. perh perhaps. sc Latin scilicet — understood. ♦ί. Gr Smaller Grammar. Hadley's Elements of the Greek Language. subj subject. usu usual or usually. w with. The remaining abbreviations are thought to be so obvious as to require no explanation. PRELIMINARY GRAMMAR LESSONS. Note. — Only the coarse print is to be learned at first. This should be learned thoroughly, and re- viewed from the beginning with each advance lesson, until the learner reaches the Nouns. The Alphabet, Gr. 5; S. Gr. 3. Vowels, Gr. 7 — 10, inclusive ; S. Gr. 4. Diphthongs, Gr. 11 — 13, inclusive; S. Gr. 5. Breathings, Gr. 14, 15 ; S. Gr. 6. Consonants, Gr. 16 — 21, inclusive; S. Gr. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Elision, Gr. 70, 71, 72; S. Gr. 40, 41, 42. Final Consonants, Gr. 74 ; S. Gr. 46, 47. Movable Consonants, Gr. 78, 79 ; S. Gr. 43. Pure Vowels and Syllables, Gr. 85 ; S. Gr. 48. Quantity, Gr. 86, 87, 88 ; S. Gr. 49, 50, 51. Accent, Gr. 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 100, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 111 ; S. Gr. 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 62, 64, 65, 66 f 69. Punctuation, Gr. 113; S. Gr. 70. FIRST GREEK BOOK. Inflection, Gr. 114, 115, 119, 120, 121, 122; S. Gr. 71, 72, 73, 74. § L First Declension (A- declension). Gr. 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131; S. Gr. 75, 76. Exercise I. (Feminines.) Note 1 . — In all the following vocabularies, make the Greek words with their significations perfectly familiar. Learn each of the Nouns so as to decline it orally with the proper accent of each form, and also so as to write it on the blackboard, always with the appropriate accents in all the forms. Both processes are indispensable to perfection in scholar- ship. Sections in the Gr. 121, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131; S. Gr. 73, a, b; 75, a, b; 76, a, b, are fre- quently forgotten, and the learner will need to be reminded of them very often. Vocabulary. η γλώοαα, Attic γλώττα, the tongue \ the language (English syllable from it, glot, in polyglot), ή ήμερα, the day. ή &ύρα, the door (German Thiir). και, and. FIRST DECLENSION. 3 ή οικία, ας, r), the house (Eng. syllable oec. in ο economy) . ορώ, I see. ή ΰκιά, the shadow. η χωρά, the land, the country. Note 2. — The teacher should sometimes give the Greek words, and sometimes the English, in the vocabularies ; requiring the learner to give promptly the corresponding English or Greek definition. Note 3. — The Greek language has only the de- finite article, 6, ή, τό, which, in all genders, num- bers, and cases, is rendered the. A noun without the article is indefinite, and, if in the singular, is often rendered into English by the indefinite article a or an. E.• g. τϊύρα, a door ; ή ϋνρα, the door. Note 4. — The Greek genitive case, like the Latin, may be rendered into English by the preposi- tion of; the dative, by to ovfor. See also Gr. 544, 558, and 498 (the fine print) ; S. Gr. 390, 402, 352 (fine print). Pronounce the Greek; translate; and tell wliert each form is made. 1. Χωράς, της χωράς. 2. Γλώττης. της γλώτ- της. 3. Χωρά. τη χωρά. 4. Τλώττη. τη γλωττη. 5. Χωρών, των χωρών. 6. Γλωττών. τών γλωτ- τών. 7. Οικίας, της οικίας. 8. Οικία ν ορώ. την οικία ν ορώ. 9. Τ ας &ΰρας κ αϊ τ ας οικίας 4 FIRST GREEK BOOK. ορώ. 10. Οικίας (Gr. 553; S. Gr. 402) &νρα. 11. Της οικίας την &νραν ορώ. 12. Τών οικιών τάς ιΤυρας ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. I see a shadow. I see the shadow. 2. I see a shadow of a door. I see the shadow of the door. 3. I see houses. I see the houses. 4. I see a door of a house. I see a door of the house. 5. 1 see a shadow of the house. I see the shadow of a house. 6. I see the doors of the houses. 7. The language of the country. The languages of the countries. 8. I see the house, and the door, and the shadow. 9. Of a day. Of the day. 10. Of days. Of the days. 11. To or for the day. To or for the language. 12. To or for the days. To or for the languages. Exercise II. (Feminines continued.) Vocabulary. η άμαξα, .... the wagon. ή δία&ήκη, ... the testament. εν, preposition with the dat. only, in, among, η Ό°αλα6ΰα, Attic &αλαττα, . the sea. η λίαινα, .... the lioness. ή μάχη, . .... the battle. ή Μοϋοα, .... the Muse. FIRST DECLENSION. D Declension of άμαξα. The learner (and teacher as well) should note with the utmost care the changes in accentuation of this noun, and of all proparoxytones of this declen- sion ; as ΰαλαττα and λέαινα. Sing. Nom. άμαξα (Gr. 130; S. Gr. 75,b). Gen. αμάξης (Gr. 126; 93,b; S. Gr. 76, a; 54, b). Dat. άμάξη. Acc. αμαξαν (Gr. 131, 120; S. Gr. 75, b; 73). Voc. άμαξα. Dual. N. A. V. άμαξα (Gr. 131 ; S. Gr. 75, b). G. D. άμάξαιν. Plur. Ν. αμαξαι (Gr. 95, a; S. Gr. 55). G. αμαξών (Gr. 128 ; S. Gr. 76, b). D. άμαξα eg. Α. άμαξας (Gr. 131; S. Gr. 75,b). V. αμαξαι. Obs. — Gr. 95, a; S. Gr. 55, does not apply to ai and oc when followed by a consonant in the same syllable. They are not then " final." Hence άμά- ξαι,ν, άμαξα τς (not ίίμαξαιν, αμαξαις). Ν. Β. — When a substantive with the article has another substantive depending on it in the genitive, three different forms of expression are admissible; e. g. the door of the house, rj της οικίας &ύρα, or 6 FIRST GREEK BOOK. ι) ϋύρα η της οικίας, or η &νρα της οικίας. In the last form, the gen. may also stand first, της οικίας ή ϋύρα. Gr. 531 (fine print) ; S. Gr. 380, c. Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; and tell where each form is made. 1. Ai των οικιών &υραι. 2. Ή γλώττα η των Μονϋών. 3. Ή μάχη των λεαίνων. 4. Έν τη των λεαίνων μάχη. 5. *Εν τη δια&ήκη. 6. Την των λεαίνων μαχην ορώ. 7. Έν ταΐς άμαξαις. 8. Έν τη ϋαλαττη. 9. Της ημέρας, της &αλατ- της. 10. Της οικίας, της αμάξης. 11. Τη ήμερα, τη άμαξη. 12. Την άμαξαν ορώ. τ ας άμαξας ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. I see the houses and the doors. 2.1 see the doors of the houses. 3. To or for the doors of the house {arrange in three ways, according to the forms above given y under Ν. Β '.). 4. In the country. In the house. 5. In the houses of the country. 6. In the testament. In the testaments. 7. In a battle. In the battle. 8. In battles. In the battles. 9. In the battles of the Muses {arrange in three wags). 10. In the shadow of the house. 11. In the shadow of the door {arrange 10 and 11 in three icays). 12. Of wagons. Of the wagons. 13. I see wagons. I see the wagons. 14. In the sea. Of the sea, 15. Among lionesses. I see the lionesses. FIRST DECLENSION. 7 § 2. First Declension (Continued). Masculine Nouns : Gr. 133, 134, 135 ; S. Gr. 77. Exercise III. Vocabulary. 6 δ&(ΐπυτης, ου, the master (Eng. despot). ό κριτής, ου, the judge (Eng. syllable crit- in critic, etc.). ό ν t ανίας, ου, the young man. οικώ, Hive, I dwell. 6 οπλίτης, ου, the heavy-armed soldier, the hoplite. 6 πολίτης, ου, the citizen (Eng. politic, political, etc.). r βκηνή, ης, the tent (Eng. scene). 6 οτρατιώτης, ου, the soldier (Eng. syllable strat- in strategy, etc.). 6 ταμίας, ου, the steward. κριτής is declined as follows : Sing. Dual. Plnr. κρι,της κριτα κριταί κρότου κριταϊν κριτών κριτή κριταϊς κριτή ρ κριτάς κριτα κριταί - 8 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Pronounce the Greek; translate into English; and parse. 1. Έν rfj οικία του κριτοϋ οικώ. 2. Tag τών Οτρατιωτών ΰκηνάς ορώ. 3. Τους δπλίτας ορώ. 4. 3 Εν ταΐς Οκηναϊς ταϊς τών πολιτών οικώ. 5. Τον τ α μίαν ορώ. 6. Ή του δεΰ πότου άμαξα. 7. Ή διαΰήκη ή τον δεΟπότου. 8. *Εν ττ\ τών οπλιτών μάχγ\. 9. Την αμαξαν τον νεανίου ορώ. 10. Τών Οτρατιωτών τάς άμαξας ορώ. 11. Εν τγι του ΰτρατιωτου 6κηντ\. 12. Τω πολίτη, τω ταμία, τοις πολίταις. τοις ταμίαις. 13. Tbig κριταϊς. τους κριτάς, και τους πολίτας, καϊ του; δεόπότας ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. In the wagon of the soldier (arrange in three ways). 2. In the wagons of the soldiers. 3. I live in the house of the judge. 4. The testament of the young man. 5. I see the steward and the judge in the tent (order of the Greek words : In the tent, the steward and the judge, I see). 6. To or for the judge. To or for the judges. 7. I see the judge. I see the judges. 8. To or for the citizen. To or for the citizens. 9. I see the citizen. I see the citizens. 10. I see the judge. I see the judges. 11. To or for the steward. To or for the young man. 12. I see the master in the shadow of the SECOND DECLENSION. V house. 13. I live in the tents of the soldiers. 14. I see the soldiers and the tents» 15. I see the masters and the houses. § 3. Second Declension (O-Declension). Gr. 138; S. Gr. 78, 80. Exercise IV. (Masculine Nouns.) Vocabulary. άν&ρωπος, ου, δ, the man. Lat. homo. βίος, ov, δ, the life (Eng. bio- in biography, etc.). tig (Gr. 103, b; S. Gr. 64, b), prep. w. ace. only, into, into the midst of. iv, prep. w. dat. only, in, in the midst of, among. &εός, ου, δ (Gr. 141 ; S. Gr. 80, b), the god (Eng. theo- in theology, theocracy, etc.). κίνδυνος, ου, δ, the danger. νόμος, ου, δ, the law, the order (Eng. -nomy in astronomy, economy, etc.). π όνος , ου, δ, the labor. ποταμός, ου, δ (Ν. Β.— Gr. 121 ; S. Gr. 73, a, b), the river, ότρατηγός, ου, δ, the general (Eng. strategy, etc.). 10 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Pronounce the Greek; translate into English, and parse. 1. Ό βίος του &εοϋ. 2. Έν τι} uxtjvfj τον Οτρατηγον καϊ τον Οτρατιωτην ορώ. 3. 'Ο τον στρατηγού πόνος. 4. 'Εν τοις Οτρατιωταις καϊ εν τοις Οτρατηγοΐς. 5. Εις τους Οτρατιωτας καϊ εις τους ότρατηγούς. 6. 'Ο της μάχης νόμος. 7. Των &εών οι νομοί. 8. Των άνιϊρώπων τάς οικίας ορώ. 9. 'Εν ταΐς τών βτρατηγών ΰκηναΐς οικώ. 10. Εν τοΐς κινδύνοις οικώ. 11. 'Εν τοις ότρατηγοϊς. εις τους Οτρατηγους. 12. 'Εν τω ποταμώ. εις τον ποταμόν. Translate into Greek. 1. In the tent of the general. 2. Into the tents of the generals. 3. The life of the gods {arrange in as many icays as possible). 4. Among the rivers. I see the rivers. 5. Into the midst of the labors of the men. 6. In the midst of the labors of the men. 7. The laws of the gods. 8. In the danger. Into the danger. 9. In the dangers of the battle. Into the dangers of the battle. 10. I see the heavy-arm- ed men and the generals. 11. I see the men and the judges. 12. Among the men and the judges. SECOND DECLENSION. 11 § 4. Second Declension (Continued). Feminine and Neuter Nouns. Gr. 138 ; S. Gr. 80. Exercise V. Vocabulary. ή άμπελος, ..... the vine. το δώρον, ...... the gift. ή ήπειρος, .... the mainland. ή νήοος (Eng. nesia in Polynesia, etc.), the island. ή οδός, . . the way, the road, the street, το πεδίον, ...... the plain. το πλοΐον, ...... the boat. Translate into English. 1. *Ev τγι δδω. 2. Έν ταΐς όδοΐς. 3. Εις την όδόν. 4. Εις τάς οδούς. 5. Έν ταΐς της &αλατ- της νηΰοις. 6. Τάς νηΰονς καϊ την ηπειρον ορώ. 7. Έν τω πεδίω οικώ. 8. Τά πλοία τά τών ότρατιωτών. 9. ΟΙ ποταμοί εν τω πεδίω. 10. Τάς αμπέλους ορώ. 11. Τά τών &εών δώρα. 12. Έν τοις πλοίοις. Translate into Greek. 1. Of the street. In the street. Into the street. 2. In the streets. Among the vines. 3. I see \ 12 FIRST GREEK BOOK. the vine. I see the vines. 4. In the island. In the islands. 5. Of the island. Of the vine. 6. I see the island. I see the islands. 7. The gifts of the general. 8. In the boat. Into the boat. 9. In the boats. Into the boats. 10. I see the generals and the soldiers. 11. Among the soldiers, and among the generals. 12. I see the soldier and the citizen. 13. I see the boats in the river. 14. I see the streets in the plain. § 5. Adjectives of the Vowel-Declension. Gr. 207 ; 207, Rem. a and b ; S. Gr. 115 ; 115, a and b. Exercise VI. Vocabulary. άγα&όζ, άγα&η, άγα&ον, good. κακός, κακή, κακόν, bad. καλός, καλή, καλόν (Eng. cal• in caleidoscope, etc.), beautiful, honorable, μακρός, μακρά, μακρόν, long, μικρός, μικρά, μικρόν (Eng. niic- in microscope, etc.), small. cvv, prep. w. the dat. only (Eng. syn- and sym~ in synagogue, symmetry, etc.), with, in company with. SECOND DECLENSION. 13 φίλιος, φιλία, φίλων, . . . friendly. Rule of Syntax, Gr. 498 ; S. Gr. 352. Translate into English. 1. Ό αγαθός άνθρωπος. 2. Του άγα&ού άνθρωπου. 3. Τον αγαθόν άν&ρωπον ορώ. 4. Συν τω άγατθώ άν&ρώπω. 5. Συν κακοΐς άν&ρω- ποις. 6. Συν τοις κακοΐς άνθρωποις. 7. Έν καλή οικία, εν rfj καλή οικία. 8. Έν rfj μικρά οικία. 9. Ή μακρά οδός. της μακράς όδοϋ. 10. Ή φιλία χωρά. εν rfj φιλία χωρά. 11. Το καλόν δώρον. 12. c Ο αγαθός κριτής, του αγα- θού κριτοϋ. 13. Οι αγαθοί κριταί. 14. Τους αγαθούς κριτάς ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. The good general. The good soldier. 2. I see the good general. I see the good judge. 3. With the bad general. With the bad judge. 4. With the friendly generals. With the friendly judges. 5. In the beautiful house. In the long road. 6. In the small houses. In the long roads. 7. The beautiful plain. In the beautiful plain. 8. With the friendly and good citizen. 9. I see the friendly and good citizen. 10. I see the friendly and good citizens. 11. Among the beautiful vines. 12. In the small island. Among the small islands. 14 FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 6. Second Declension (Continued). Contract Nouns and Attic Second Declension. Gr. 32; 36, a; 98; 144; 145, a and b; 146; 149; S. Gr. 17; 18; 23,a; 59; 81; 81,aandb; 82. Exercise VII. Vocabulary. εκ, before a vowel εξ, prep. w. gen. only, out of, from. 6 λεως, δ νεώς, 6 (νόος) νους, το (όΰτέον) όότοΰν, the people, the temple. the mind. the bone. 6 (πλόος) πλους, . the sailing, the voyage, ό (ρόος) ρους, . . the stream, the current. Translate into English. 1. Ό νους του κριτοϋ. 2. Του ποταμού τον ρουν ορώ. 3. Τα της λεαίνης όΰτά. 4. Τα των ότρατιωτών όΰτά εν τω πεδίω ορώ. 5. ΟΙ τών νεανιών πλοΐ. 6. *Εκ του νεώ εις την οΐκίαν. 7. Έξ οικίας εις νέων. 8. Του νου. του νεω 9. Τώ νώ. τώ νεώ. 10. Του πλου. του οβτοϋ. τον til ι λεω. 11. Τών νέων. τών πλών. 12. *Εν τοις νεως. εις τους νεώς. 13. Έν τη όδώ τον λεών ορώ. SECOND DECLENSION. 15 Translate into Greek. 1. In the current of the river. 2. Into the current of the river. 3. Among the currents of the rivers. 4. Into the currents of the rivers. 5. Out of the boat into the current. 6. In the voyage of the good judge. 7. I see the door of the beautiful temple. 8. Of the good and honorable people. 9. In company with the people. 10. The mind of the people. 11. The gifts of the people. 12. I see the bones of the soldier in the street. 13. With the people. In the temple. 14. In the beautiful temples of the gods. § 7. First and Second Declensions (Continued). Substantives and Adjectives. Gr. 208, 209 ; 36, a ; 145, c ; S. Gr. 116, 117 ; 23, a; 81, c. Exercise VIII. Vocabulary. 6 άργυρος, gen. αργύρου, . . the silver, αργυρούς, αργυρά, άργυροϋν, of silver, silver (as adj.). ηουχος, ηΰυχον, .... quiet. ίλεως, ϊλεων, .... propitious. 16 FIRST GREEK BOOK. καρποφόρος, καρποφόρον, fruit-bearing, fertile. 6 χρυΰός, gen. χρυοοϋ, . . . the gold, χρυϋοϋς, χρνοή, χρυοοϋν, . of gold, golden. Translate into English. 1. Έν ταΐς χρυϋαΐς δδοϊς. 2. Έν rfi αργυρά οικία. 3. Έν τύ\ χρνΰγι αμάξι}. 4. Την χρυϋην άμαξαν ορώ. 5. Tag χρυοάς οδούς ορώ. 6. Τον καλόν χρυϋον ορώ. 7. Τον του κακοϋ δεοπότου άργυρον ορώ. 8. Ή ηόνχος οικία. 9. Έν rfj ήΰυχω οικία. 10. Οικώ έν ήούχω χώρα. 11. Ό ϊλεως -β-βός. 12. Συν τω ίλεω -freco. 13. Της καρποφόρου χωράς. 14. : Έν τ^ καρποφορώ χώρα. 15. Τον χρυβοϋν νζών ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. In the golden temple. 2. In the golden tem- ples. 3. I see the doors of the golden temple. 4. In company with the propitious gods. 5. In the temples of the propitious gods. 6. In a fertile land. In the fertile land. 7. In the golden houses. 8. I see the people in the silver stream. 9. The mind of the people. 10. Out of the temple. Into the temple. 11. Out of the tent. Out of the quiet tent. 12. In the quiet tents. Into the quiet tents. 13. In the quiet temples of the propitious gods. SECOND DECLENSION. 17 § 8. First and Second Declensions (Continued). Exercise IX. Vocabulary. 6 αδελφός, gen. αδελφού (Eng. adelph-}, the brother. ή αρχή, gen. αρχής (Eng. arch- in architect, etc.), the beginning, the government ή γή, gen. γης (Eng. ge- in geography, geometry, etc.), the land (in distinction from the sea). ή επίβουλη, gen. επιβουλής, the plot, το ί'ργον, gen. Ζργου (Eng. erg- in energy, etc.), ^£ 6 θάνατος, gen. θανάτου, the death. δ ίππος, gen. ϊππου (Eng. ^j»- in Philip ; hippo- in hippopotamus, etc.), ^ ϋτρατιωτών μιϋ&ός. 2. 3Γοι/£ y*- Aoi /ς area τ0£/£ πολεμίους του νεανίου ορώ. 3. Έ* 18 FIRST GREEK BOOK. της πολέμιας εις την φιλίαν χωράν. 4. 'Εν τγ\ οικία τον αδελφού. 5. Του χρυΰον Οτεφάνον. 6. ΟΙ τον ϊππον όφ&αλμοί. 7. 'Ο τον ϋτρατιω- του θάνατος. 8. Τα τον φίλου έργα. 9. *Η dyad η αρχή του βτρατηγον. 10. Την γην κάϊ την &αλατταν ορώ. 11. ΛΙ των πολεμίων επι- βουλαί. 12. Των Οτρατιωτών ή τροφή. Translate into Greek. 1. The works of the friends and of the enemies. 2. In the hostile country. 3. The small pay of the good judges. 4. I see the golden crowns. 5. The death of the brothers. 6. I see the horses and the wagon. 7. I see the eyes of the lioness. 8. The government of the bad master. 9. Of the small land. 10. Of the plots. Of the nourishment. § 9. Third Declension (Cons. Decl.). Gr. 151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 160, 163; S. Gr. 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95. Stems ending in a labial or a palatal. Notice the quantity of the vowels in the case- endings. Gr. 154; S. Gr. 86. Exercise X. Vocabulary. 6 Θραξ, gen. Θρακός, the Thracian. THIRD DECLENSION. 19 ή ΰρίξ, gen. τριχδς (Gr. 66, a ; S. Gr. 37, c), the hair, δ &ώραξ, gen. τϊώράκος, the breast-plate? 6 κήρυξ or κήρυξ, gen. κήρύκος, the herald, πρό, prep. w. the gen. only, before, in front of. ή οάλπιγξ, gen. οάλπιγγος, the trumpet. ή φάλαγξ, gen. φάλαγγος, the phalanx, the line of battle. 6 φύλαξ, gen. φύλάκος, the watchman, the guard. Note. &ρίξ is often used in the plur. when we should use the sing. ; and hence, αϊ τρίχες may be translated the hair. So the German die Haare, and the Trench les cheveux, both plur., are translated into English by the singular. Translate into English. 1. Προ του νεώ τους, φύλακας ορώ. 2. Προ της φάλαγγος τον ΰτρατηγον ορώ. 3. Αι του ίππου τρίχες. 4. Έν τγι του άγα&οϋ Θρακος οικία. 5. Τους φίλιους κήρυκας ορώ. 6. Τον χρυβοϋν &ωρακα του δπλίτου ορώ. 7. Έν τή όδώ τον φύλακα ορώ. 8. Μακράν φάλαγγα ορώ. την μακράν φάλαγγα ορώ. 9. Την χρυβήν τρίχα του ϋεοϋ ορώ. 10. Τάς τών Θρακών φάλαγγας ορώ. 20 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Translate into Greek, 1. I see the friendly guards before the house. 2. Of the silver trumpet. 3. I see the golden breast-plates of the Thracians. 4. In front of the long phalanx. 5. I see the friendly heralds before the phalanx of the Thracians. 6. I see the beautiful hair of the horse. 7. I see the hoplites and the heralds in the plain. § 10. Third Declension (Continued). Steins ending in a Lingual Mute. A. Neuter Stems. Gr. 165, 166, 167, 168; 47, 155; S. Gr. 29, 87, 96. Exercise XI. Vocabulary. το γάλα, gen. γάλακτος (Eng. galaxy), the milk. το κέρας, " κέρατος or κερως, the horn, το μελί, " μέλιτος, the honey. το όνομα, " ονόματος, the name, το πράγμα, " πράγματος, the deed, the affair. το ΰτόμα, " ΰτόματος, the mouth. το ΰώμα, " οωματος, the body. το νδωρ, " ύδατος (Eng. hydro- in hydrosta- tics, etc.), the water, το φρεαρ, gen. φρέατος, the well. THIRD DECLENSION. 21 το φώς, gen. φωτός (Eng. phot- in photograph, etc.), Translate into English. 1. 7*01/ καλόν ύώματος. 2. \E^ rrJ χονβώ δωράκι το καλόν ύώμα τον ύτρατιωτον ορώ. 3. Τα χρνόά κέρατα, των αργυρών κέρατων. 4. Το καλόν Οτομα. Έν τω της λεαίνης ϋτοματί. 5. Το άγα&ον όνομα. 6. Τον ρουν γάλακτος καϊ μέλιτος ορώ. 7. Τον καλόν φωτός. 8. Τα πράγματα τών κηρνκων. 9. Το καλόν νδωρ τον πόταμου ορώ. 10. Το νδωρ εν τω φρεατι ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. Of the beautiful bodies. I see the beautiful bodies. 2. The golden horn. Of the silver horn. 3. I see the honey in the mouth of the Thracian. 4. The names of the heralds. 5. The milk and honey. 6. The stream of milk and honey. 7. I see the beautiful light. 8. In the silver light. 9. The water of the well. 10. The affairs of the Thracians. §11. Stems ending in a Lingual Mute (Continued). B. Masculine and Feminine Stems. Gr. 169, 171 ; S. Gr. 97 ; 97, a. For the dat. plur. Gr. 47, 48, 49, 50, 31 ; S. Gr. 29, 30 ; 30, a, 16. 22 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Exercise XII. Vocabulary. 6 άρχων, gen. άρχοντος, the ruler, the commander. 6 γέρων, " γέροντος, the old man. ή έλπίς, " ελπίδος, the hope. ή ερις, " έριδος, the strife. δ λέων, " λέοντος, the lion. ή ννξ, " νυκτός, the night. δ or ή όρνις, gen. όρνι&ος (Eng. ornitho- in ornitho- logy), the bird. δ φεύγων, gen. φεύγοντος, the fugitive, the exile. ή χάρις, " χάριτος (Eng. charity), the grace, the favor. Translate into English. 1. Αιτών -&εών έριδες. 2. Την των άν&ρω- πων εριν δρω. 3. Αι του νεανίου ελπίδες. 4. Τους κάλους όρνι&ας δρω. 5. Τα των γερόντων πράγ- ματα. 6. Έν rfj των αρχόντων όκηνϊ]. 7. °0 των φευγ όντων πόνος. 8. Τον λέοντα κ αϊ την λέαινα ν δρω. 9. Αι του άγα&οϋ κ ρ ιτ ου χάριτες. 10. Ήνύξ και ή ημέρα. 11. ^Κ μακρά νύξ. Translate into Greek. 1. Of the strifes. I see the strifes. 2. Of the birds. The tongue of the bird. 3. The hopes of the old men. 4. I see the shadow of the night. 5. The THIRD DECLENSION. 23 favors of the good commanders. 6. Of the exiles. To or for the exiles. 7. I see the exiles in the street. 8. To or for the commanders. To or for the com- mander. 9. I see the commander. I see the com- manders of the heavy-armed men. 10. I see the commanders and the exiles. § 12. Third Declension (Continued). Stems ending in a Liquid. Gr. 172 ; S. Gr. 98. Syncopated stems in ερ. Gr. 173 * S. Gr. 99. {The accentuation of these latter nouns requires very careful attention). Exercise XIII. Vocabulary. 6 άνήρ, gen. ανδρός, the man (Latin vir). 6 &ήρ, " &ηρός, the wild beast ή ΰνγάτηρ, " &υγατρός, the daughter. δ μην, " μηνός, the month. η μητηρ, " μητρός, the mother. δ πατήρ, " πατρός, the father. π ε ixl• ω, a trans, verb, I persuade. δ ποιμην, gen. ποιμενος, the shepherd. δ ρητωρ, " ρήτορος (Eng. rhetoric, etc.), the orator. υπίρ (Eng. hyper-), prep. w. the gen., above, in be- half of, for the sake of. 24 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Translate into English. 1. Έν τω πεδιω τους ποιμένας ορώ. 2. Τους ρήτορας καϊ τους άρχοντας πεί&ω. 3. Της καλής μητρός την καλήν θυγατέρα πεί&ω. 4. Τους άγα&ούς πατέρας καϊ τάς άγα&άς μητέρας πδί&ω. 5. Τους κακούς άνδρας εν τή τον ρητό- ρος οικία ορώ. 6. °0 μηνός μιϋ&ος. 7. ΟΙ μήνες, τών μηνών. 8. 'Υπέρ τών πάτερων καϊ τών μητέρων. 9. Την τών άγα&ών καϊ καλών πολιτών μητέρα πεί&ω. 10. Τους &ήρας εν τή ήβυχω χωρά ορώ. 11. Συν τω πατρϊ τής καλής ιτυγατρος. Translate into Greek. 1. In company with the good fathers of the beautiful daughters. 2. I persuade the mother of the good man. 3. In company with the orators and the shepherds. 4. Of the month. Of the months. 5. The small pay of the month. 6. In company with bad men. 7. In behalf of the father, and the mother, and the daughter. 8. In company with the wild-beasts. I see the wild-beasts. 9. I see the good man. 10. The deeds of the good man. 11. I persuade the daughters of the shepherd. § 13. Third Declension (Continued). Comparative Stems in or. Gr. 174, 175 ; S. Gr. 100. THIRD DECLENSION. 25 Stems ending in ς. A. Stems in ες. Gr. 176; 5. Gr. 101. B. Stems in ας, og, ως. Gr. 181 ; S. Gr. 102. Exercise XIV. Knles of Syntax, Gr. 585, 586 ; S. Gr. 425, 452. Vocabulary, βελτίων, βελτιον, better. είΰί(ν), (Gr. 78, a. b. ; 79, b., (a.) ; 105, c. ; 107, 108 ; S. Gr. 43, 65, c. ; 66, 69, a.), they are. εατί(ν), he, she, or it is. το εύρος, gen. εύρους, the width, the breadth. ή, conj., after a comparative, than, δ ηρως, gen. ηρωος, the hero, το κάλλος, gen. κάλλους, the beauty, μείζων, μείζον, larger, greater, το μήκος, gen. μήκους, the length, το τείχος, " τείχους, the wall, το υφός, " νψους, the height. Translate into English. 1. Του αδελφού μείζων εΰτίν. 2. Των αδελ- φών βελτίονες είοιν. (Translate the article in these and similar connections, as a possessive pron. : 1. his brother; 2. their brothers. Gr. 527, d. ; S. Gr. 377, d.). 3. ΟΙ ότρατιώται των αρχόντων βελ- τίους είοίν. 4. Το εύρος του τείχους μείζον εϋτιν η το νψος. 5. Τους ήρωας εν τή μάχγι δρω. 6. Το των τειχών μήκος. 7. Πολεμεος έοτι του 26 FIRST GREEK BOOK. πατρός. 8. Ό ηρως πολέμιος έΰτε των κακών φυλάκων. 9, Φίλος εϋτΐ τον αγαντού ποιμενος. 10. Το των ορνί&ων κάλλος. Translate into Greek. 1. The daughter is larger than her mother. 2. The soldier is better than his general. 3. The height of the wall is greater than its width. 4. The young men are better than the old men. 5. I see the long walls. 6. The height of the long walls is greater than their width. 7. In company with bet- ter men. 8. The beauty of the larger birds. 9. The mother is beautiful. § 14. Third Declension (Continued). Stems in ι and ν (simple close vowels). Gr. 185 ; S. Gr. 103. Stems ending in a Diphthong. Gr. 189 ; S. Gr. 104. Read carefully Gr. 186, 190; S. Gr. 103, a.; 104, a. Exercise XV. Vocabulary. δ βαϋιλεύς, gen. βασιλέως, the Icing. 6 or ή β ου ς, " βοός, the ox, or the cow. ή δύναμις, " δυνάμεως, the power, the force. THIRD DECLENSION. 27 6 ιερεύς, gen. ιερέως, the priest, δ ϊχϋύς, " ίχϋύος, the fish. ή ναΰς, " νεώς (notice the irregular accent; the ending -ως standing for the earlier ending -ός. Gr. 190, Rem. f.), the ship, το όρος, gen. όρους, the mountain, η πηγή, " πηγής (1st declens.), the fountain, the source. ή πόλις, gen. πόλεως (Gr. 96 ; S. Gr. 57), the city. Phrase, The sources of the river are in, etc. Greek idiom, The sources of the river are out of etc. Translate into English. 1. Ai πηγαϊ του ποταμού εκ του όρους είϋίν. 2. Ό νεώς εν τη πόλε ι εβτίν. 3. Της νεώς το κάλλος. 4. Ή της πόλεως δύναμις. 5. Έν τω ποταμω τους ίχ&ΰς δρω. 6. Τους βοϋς εν τΐ\ δδω προ του τείχους της πόλεως δρω. 7. Σνν τοΐς της χώρας βαϋίλεϋοιν. 8. Ό του νεώ ιερεύς εν τη νηβω εβτίν. 9. Ή ναΰς μείζων εβτιν η το πλοΐον. 10. Συν τη του βαβιλεως δυνάμει. 11. Αϊ πόλεις εν τω πεδίω είΰίν. 1 2. Τάς ναΰς τΐ\ς πόλεως δρω. Translate into Greek. 1. The sources of the rivers are in the moun- tains. (See Phrase above.) 2. The sources of the river are in the country of the king. 3. The sources 28 FIRST GREEK BOOK. of the river are in the temple. 4. The ships of the king are longer than the boats of the city. 5. The priest is in the temple. 6. In behalf of the cities in the island. 7. In behalf of the power of the king. 8. I see the golden fishes in the silver stream. 9. Among the ships of the city. 10. Among the oxen of the king. §15. Adjectives oe the Consonant-Declension. Gr. 211, 212 (stems in υ), 213 (a few stems in v), and in 214 learn now ονλγ χαρίεις) S. Gr. 118, 119, 121 {χαρίεις). Exercise XVI. Vocabulary. βαι9ύς, βα&εΐα, βα&ύ, . . . deep, βαρύ;, βαρεϊα, βαρύ (Eng. bar- in barometer), heavy, βραδύς, βραδεία, βραδύ, . . . slow, βραχύς, βραχεία, βραχύ, . . . short, ευρύς, ευρεία, ευρύ, .... wide. ί'χω, ....... I have. ηδύς, ήδεια, ηδύ, . . sweet, pleasant, delicious. &αυμάζω, . .... I admire. μέλας, μέλαινα, μελαν, . . . black, υ οίνος, gen. οίνου, . . . . the wine. ADJECTIVES. 29 ταχύ ζ, ταχεία, ταχύ, . . . swift, fleet. χαρίεις, χαρίεόόα, χαρήν, graceful, pleasing. Translate into English. 1. Ή ήμερα ηδ&ϊά έότιν. 2. "Ιππον βραδύν έχω. 3. Τους βραδύς ίππους καϊ την βαρ&ϊαν αμαξαν δρω. 4. Οι ϊπποι ταχείς είόιν. 5. Τους ταχείς ίππους θαυμάζω. 6. Το τείχος βραχύ έότιν. 7. Την βραχεϊαν και εύρεϊαν δδόν ορώ. 8. Φρεαρ βα&ύ εχω. 9. Τα βα&εα φρέατα ορώ. 10. Τον μέλανα λέοντα ορώ. 11. Τ ας μέλαινας ναύς ορώ. 12. Έν ταϊς μελαίναις βουόίν. εν τοις μελαόι βουόίν. 13. Της χαριεόόης μητρός η καλή &υγατηρ. 14. Οίνο ν ηδύ ν εχω. 15. Ο χρυόδς βαρύς έότιν. 16. Το της ευρείας οδού κάλλος θαυμάζω. 17. °Η οδός ευρεία έότιν. Translate into Greek. 1. The days are long and pleasant. 2. I have slow horses and fleet horses. 3. I admire the heavy, gold breast-plate of the soldier (Greek idiom, the heavy and golden, etc.). 4. The sweet milk of the cow. 5. I see the short and wide walls. 6. The streets are long and wide. 7. The sweet water in the deep well. 8. In the black ships. 9. I admire the graceful mother of the beautiful daughter. 10. The wine is sweet. 11. The streets of the city are wide. 1 2. In the wide and deep sea. 30 FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 16. Adjectives (Continued). Gr. 217; S. Gr. 124 {Adjectives of two ings). Gr. 218 ; S. Gr. 125 {Adjectives of one end- ing). Gr. 219 ; S. Gr. 126 {Irregular Adjectives). Exercise XVII. Vocabulary. αεί, adv., ..... always. άλη&ης, άλη&ες, . . true, actual, real, το άλη&ες, gen. άλη&οϋς, that which is true, the truth, τ ά άλη&ή, gen. άλη&ών, things which are true, the ή αλήθεια, gen. άλη&είας, truth, the truth (ab- stract). βελτίων, βελτιον, .... better. μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα, . . great, large. το μεγε&ος, gen. μεγε&ους, the greatness, magni- tude, size. πλήρης, πλήρες, ..... full. το πλή&ος, gen. πλή&ους, . the multitude. πολύς, πολλή, πολύ, much, abundant; plur. many. το πολύ, . . the much, the principal part. οι πολλοί, gen. των πολλών, the many, the majority. ψευδής, τμενδες, .... false. το ψευδές, gen. ψευδούς, that which is false, the falsehood. ADJECTIVES. 31 τα ψευδή, gen. ψευδών, things which are false, the false. το ψευδός, gen. ψευδούς, . the falsehood. Translate into English. 1. Ή άλή&εια βελτίων εΰτιν άεϊ η το ψεύδος (Gr. 529 ; S. Gr. 378). 2. Το άλη&ες βίλτιόν εΰτιν άεϊ η το ψευδές. 3. Των άλη&ών φίλος εΰτιν {He is, etc., Gr. 535 ; S. Gr. 381). 4. Των ψευδών πολέμιος εΰτιν. 5. Άλη&ης φίλος έΰτίν. 6. Ό του βαΰιλεως αδελφός ψευδής εϋτιν. 7. Το πλήϋος τών ΰτρατιωτών πολύ εΰτιν. 8. Οι ΰτρα- τηγοι βελτίους εϊόϊ του πλή&ους. 9. c ποταμός πλήρης ίχ&ύων εΰτιν (Gr. 584, b ; S. Gr. 424, b). 10. To μέγε&ος κ αϊ το κάλλος της χωράς θαυ- μάζω. 11. Ή χωρά μεγάλη και καλή εΰτιν. 12. Πολύς οίνος εν τγ\ του ταμίου οικία εότίν. 13. Πολλούς πολεμίους ούν τω βαΰιλεϊ ορώ. 14. Το πολύ> του όρους εν r# πολει εΰτιν. 15. Οι πολλοί ψευδείς ειϋιν. Translate into Greek. 1, They are friends of the good, the true, and the beautiful. 2. They are always true friends. 3. He is a friend of that which is true and an enemy of that which is false. 4. I admire the beauty of truth. 5. The king is always false. 6. The multi- tude of fishes in the river is abundant. 7. The 32 FIRST GREEK BOOK. rivers are full of large fishes. 8. I admire the great- ness and the beauty of the city. 9. The* cities are large and beautiful. 10. I see many men in the country of the great king. 11. I see the principal part of the wall of the city. 12. The majority of the citizens are good and honorable. § 17. Adjectives (Continued). Comparison of Adjectives. A. By τερος and τόίτος, Gr. 220, 221, a ; S. Gr. 127, 128. B. By ίων and ιβτος, Gr. 222 ; S. Gr. 229. Exercise XVIII. Vocabulary. άξιος, άξιώτερος, άξιώτατος, worthy, more worthy, most worthy, άπαράΰκευος, -ότερος, -ότατος, unprepared, etc. ηδύς, ήδίων, ηδιΰτος, sweet, delicious, pleasant, etc. μακρός, -ότερος, -ότατος, long, etc. μέλας, μελαντερος, μελάντατος, black, etc. μικρός, -ότερος, -ότατος, small, etc. νέος, -ωτερος, -ώτατος, young, etc. το νέφος, gen. νέφους, the cloud, ή νυξ, gen. νυκτός, the night, πονηρός, -ότερος, ότατος, wicked, base, etc. πρεσβύτερος, sup. πρεόβύτατος (Eng. presbyter, etc.), older, oldest. ADJECTIVES. 33 βοφός, -ώτερος, -ώτατος (Eng. soph- in sop/iist, phi- losophy, etc.), wise, etc. ή τιμή, gen. τιμής, the honor. χαρίεις, -εβτερος, -εβτατος, graceful, etc. Translate into English. 1. To νέφος μελάντερόν εβτι της νυκτός. 2. Ή μητηρ χαριεβτερα της ϋνγατρος έβτιν. 3. c οίνος τον μέλιτος ήδίων έβτίν. 4. Ό κριτής άξιος τιμής (Gr. 584, e ; S. Gr. 424, e) έβτιν. 5. Αξιωτερος τιμής έβτιν η 6 βαΟιλενς. 6. Σο- φωτατός έβτι των άν&ρώπων (Gr. 559, a ; S. Gr. 403). 7. Πονηρότατος έότι των δε α ποτών. 8. ΣΓρεββντερός έβτι τον αδελφού. 9. Πρεββντα- τός έβτι των αρχόντων. 10. Νεώτερος εΰτι τον φίλο ν. 11. 'Ο βαΰιλεί/ς άπαραβκενοτατός έβτιν. 12. *Ανηρ βοφώτατός έβτιν (Gr. 663 ; S. Gr. 454, a). 13. ' Η οικία μικρότατη έβτίν. 14. Το νέφος μελάντατόν έβτιν. 15. Ή όδος μακρότατη έβτίν. 16. C H ήμερα ήδίβτη έβτίν. 17. ™Λξιός έβτι τιμής χρνβής. Translate into Greek. 1. The cloud is blacker than night. 2. The mother is graceful, and the daughter is more grace- ful than the mother. 3. I have wine more delicious than honey. 4. The old man is more worthy of 34 FIRST GREEK BOOK. honor than the young man. 5. He is basest of men. 6. He is wisest of the citizens. 7. He is younger than his brother. She is younger than her brother. 8. He is youngest of the generals. 9. They are most unprepared. 10. They are (the) oldest of the citizens. 11. They are very wise men (Gr. 663 ; S. Gr. 454, a). 12. I see a very black cloud. 13. The roads are very long. 14. The days are very pleasant. 15. The citizens are worthy of golden honor. § 18. Adjectives (Continued). Irregular and Defective Comparison. Gr. 223, 224 ; S. Gr. 130, 131. Exercise XIX. Vocabulary. το άρμα, gen. άρματος, the chariot. δ βάρβαρος, gen. βαρβάρου, the barbarian, the foreigner. δ καιρός, gen. καιρόν, the opportunity, the fitting time, δ παράδειΰος, gen. παραδείϋον (Eng. paradise), the park. το ότράτευμα, gen. Στρατεύματος, the army. Learn also the meaning of the adjectives in Gr. 223, 224; S. Gr. 130, 131, ADJECTIVES. 35 Translate into English. 1. "ΑριΟτό^ εύτι τών οπλιτών. 2. ΚρατιΟτός, ϊύτι των οπλιτών (Gr. 223, Hem. a ; S. Gr. 130, aa). 3. Μεγιότον καιρόν εχω. 4. *Αμε'ι- vovg τον πλη -d'ovg είαίν. 5. Κακ'ιουζ είϋι τών βάρβαρων. 6. Συν άμείνοΟιν άνδράοιν. νπερ άρίβτων ανδρών. 7. Συν όλιγίΰτοΐζ ότρατιωταΐζ. 8. Οι μικρότατοι τών ορνίθων. 9. Πλείότουζ όρνιθας εν τω παραδειΟω εχω. 10. Ή μητηρ καλλίοιν της Όυγατροζ εΰτιν. 11. Το άρμα του βαΰιλεως καλλιΟτον εΰτιν. 12. "Ηττους τών πο- λεμίων είΰ'ιν. 13. Έλαττους τών πολεμίων είΰ'ιν. 14. Έλαττουζ του ΰτρατευματος του βαΰιλεωζ ειΰίν. 15. Ή όδος ράΰτη έΰτίν. 16. Οι πλεΐΰτοι τών φυλάκων κακιΟτο'ι είΰιν. Translate into Greek. 1. They are bravest of the soldiers. 2. He is stronger than his brother. 3. The opportunity is very great. 4. I see a man braver than the multi- tude. 5. In company with men more cowardly than the barbarians. 6. In company with very brave (Gr. 663 ; S. Gr. 454, a) men. In behalf of brave men. 7. I see very few soldiers. 8. I see the smallest of the oxen in the park. 9. The most of the small birds are in the park. 10. The young- er of the brothers is more beautiful than the older, 2 36 FIRST GREEK BOOK. 11. I admire the very beautiful chariots of the great king. 12. He is inferior to (or less than) his ene- my. 13. In company with fewer men. 14. The roads are very easy. 1 5. The most cowardly of the citizens. §19. Pronouns. Gr. 230, 232, 105, a; S. Gr. 133, 133, c ; 65, a {Personal Pronouns). Gr. 238 ; S. Gr. 137 (Possessive Pronouns). Gr. 538, a. Last half of the paragraph on the position of the gen. of the pers. pron. S. Gr. 382, d. Exercise XX. Rem. A noun and pronoun require the article, when a particular person or thing is meant, Gr. 538, c. Thus, 6 έμος φίλος, or 6 φίλο; μου, my friend ; but ε μυς φίλος, or φίλος μου, a friend of mine ; έμός (orthotone) is more emphatic than μου (enclitic) ; ο φίλος εμού is a form which is said not to be used. Translate into English. 1. c O αδελφός μου, or 6 έμος αδελφός. 2. Αδελφός μου, or έμος αδελφός. 3. Οί ημέτεροι φίλοι, or οί φίλοι ημών. 4. ^Ημέτεροι φίλοι PRONOUNS. 37 {friends of ours), or φίλοι ημών. 5. Ή ε μη μητηρ, or η μητηρ μου. 6. Ίΐ ημέτερα μητηρ , or η μητηρ ημών. 7. Ο ϋος φίλος, or δ φίλος βον. 8. c O υμέτερος φίλος, or ό φίλος υμών. 9. Σος φίλος, or φίλος ϋου. 10. 'Υμέτερος φίλος, or gp/'Ao£ ζ//*ώ*> {a friend of yours). 11. Πολλά * ^r/2 άγαϋά av τη οικία μου t%oj. Translate into Greek, expressing each sentence in the several forms above given. 1. My friend. 2. A friend of mine. 3. Our friend. 4. A friend of ours. 5. Thy house. 6. A house of thine. 7. Your house. 8. A house of yours. 9. Thy brother. 10. A brother of thine. 11. Your brother. 12. A brother of yours. 13. I see your oxen. 14. I see oxen of yours. 15. Iad- mire your horses. 16. I see your wagon. 17. I see a wagon of yours. 18. I see many and evil things in our country. * The neuter plur. of the adj. is used in Greek as in Latin, where we supply the word things. E. g. πολλά, many things, Lat. multa. § 20. Pronouns Continued). Gr. 234 ; S. Gr. 134 {Intensive Pronoun). Gr. 239 ; S. Gr. 138 {Demonstrative Pronouns). Gr. 38 FIRST GREEK BOOK. 538, a and b ; S. Gr. 382, c and d, are very im- portant statements, which are often forgotten. Exercise XXI. Note. This entire exercise requires unusual care and discrimination. It is very important to the sub- sequent success of the learner, and should be tho- roughly mastered. Vocabulary. Self (Gr. 669, a, b), . . αυτός, αύτη, αυτό. With a verb in the sing., 1st pers. I myself, 2d pers. thou thyself 3d pers. he himself. In the plur., 1st pers. we ourselves, 2d pers. you yourselves, 3d pers. they themselves. In the oblique cases, when standing by itself, and not in an emphatic position, it signifies him, her, it; plur. them. If the position is emphatic, as at the beginning of its clause, it may be rendered as an intensive pron. him himself, etc. Hie same, . . δ αυτός , ή αύτη, το αυτό, κτε. ; that is, wherever αυτός is directly preceded by the article, it signifies same, Lat. idem. This (sometimes rendered that), ούτος, αύτη, τούτο. Tins (this one here), . . oSt, ηδε, τόδχ. That (the one yonder), . εκείνος, εκείνη, extlvo. Rem. Of these three demonstratives, ούτος is PRONOUNS. 39 the most common ; ούτος oftener denotes what pre- cedes ; οδε, what follows. Translate into English. 1. Αυτός δ κριτής, or 6 κριτής αυτός. 2. Ό αύτος κριτής, τον αυτόν κριτην ορώ. 3. Τους κριτάς αυτούς ορώ. 4. Τους αυτούς κριτάς ορώ. 5. 'Υπέρ τών αυτών ανδρών. 6. 'Υπέρ αυτών τών ανδρών. 7. Συν τοις αύτοϊς άνδραϋιν. 8. Συν αύτοϊς τοις άνδράβιν. 9. Έν τη οικία αυτόν ορώ. 10. Προ του τείχους αυτούς ορώ. 11. Αυτός τούτον τον άνδρα ορώ. 12. Ταυ τ ην την πολιν αυτός θαυμάζω. 13. Ταύτας τας πόλεις αυτός &αυμαζω. 14. 'Εν ταύτη τη πολίΐ οίκο3. εν ταΐς πολεοι ταυταις. 15. "Σ,υν τοις πολί~ ταις τούτοις, 16. 'Υπέρ τούτων τών πολιτών. 17. Τους πολίτας τούςδε (Gr. 110; S. Gr. 68) θαυ- μάζω. 18. Τους πολίτας εκείνους θαυμάζω. 19. Ή μητηρ αυτού (Gr. 538, a; S. Gr. 382, d, gen. of personal pronouns). C H μητηρ αυτής, ή μητηρ αυτών. 20. Ούτος ό άνηρ, or ο άνηρ ούτος. Translate into Greek. 1. The man himself. The same man. This man. 2. The city itself. The same city. This city. 3. The multitude itself. The same multitude. This multitude. 4. In the city itself. In the same city. In this city. 5. I see the man himself. I 40 FIRST GREEK BOOK. see the same man. I see this man. 6. I see the men themselves. I see the same men. I see these men. 7. I see the walls themselves. .1 see the same walls. I see these walls. 8. I see the cities themselves. I see the same cities. I see these cities. 9. In the cities themselves. In the same cities. In these cities. 10. I see his father. I see her father. I see their father. 11. I myself see them in the house. 12. I see him in the street. § 21. Pronouns (Continued), and Numerals. Gr. 243; S. Gr. 140 (Relative JPron.). Gr. 244 ; S. Gr. 141 (Interrog. and Indef. Pronouns). Gr. 255; S. Gr. 148 {Cardinal Numbers from 1 to 4); Exercise XXII. Vocabulary. είδον, I saw. εις, δυο, τρεις, τέΰΟαρες or τετταρες, one, two, three, four, ουδείς, ουδεμία, ουδέν, no one, nobody, in the neuL not/iiny. ος, η, ο, relat. pron., who, tohich, ivhat. τις, τί (Gr. 244, Kern, a ; S. Gr. 141, a), mterrog. pron. who, which, what. PRONOUNS. 41 τϊς, τϊ (Gr. 105, b; S. Gr. 65, b), indef. pron. some, any, certain ; in the masc. sing, used substantively, some one, a certain one ; in the neut. sing, something, a certain part Observe that τίς interrog. always has the acute accent on the ι in all the forms, and stands regularly first in its clause ; while τϊς indef. is regularly en- clitic, and hence very seldom stands first. Translate into English 1. c O αύτος άνηρ, ov εν rfj οικία βον είδον (Gr. 503; S. Gr. 354). 2. Ή ' πόλις, ivy οίκω. 3. Τίς υμών φίλος του βαβ ίλεως έϋτίν ; (Gr. 113 ; S. Gr. Ί§).ούδε}ς ημών του βαβελεοις φίλος έΰτίν. 4. Βαρβαρον τίνα ev τγ\ οικία αύτοϋ είδον, 5. Της φαλαγγός τι ορώ. 6. Άν&ρωπός τις. άν- ττρωποί τινές. 7. Ουδείς τών πολεμίων εν ταύτγι τγι πολει έοτίν. 8. Τίνες τών πολεμίων εν τϊ\ χωρά ημών είύιν ; 9. Τών πολεμίων τίνες εν ττ\ χωρά υμών είϋιν. 10. Εις τών Οτρατηγών άριΰ- τος εΰτεν. 11. Τετταρας μεγάλους όρνιΰας εν τώ παοαδείΰω είδον. 12. 'Εν τη οικία αύτοϋ ούδενα είδον. Translate into Greek. 1. The same men, whom I saw in his house. 2. Who is better than the king ? 3. No one of the 42 FIRST GREEK BOOK. citizens is better than the good judge. 4. Some * of the citizens are worthy of golden honor. 5. I saw a certain man in your house. 6. I saw four gene- rals in the city. 7. One of the three men is bad. 8. A certain one of the men is very brave. § 22. Miscellaneous Examples. Exercise XXIII. Note. — Should any teacher find the work too extended, this exercise and the following can be omitted. Vocabulary. αδελφή, ής, ή, a sister. Αίγυπτος, ου, ή, Aegyptus, Egypt. αρετή, ης, ή, virtue, goodness, valor. δε, conj. but, and ; answers to μεν in the preceding clause (Gr. 862, 1, a; S. Gr. 585, a). διαβολή, ης, ή, calumny (Eng. diabol-). δίκαιοόύνη, ης, ή, justice. είδος, ους, τό, the appearance, the looks (Eng. syl- lable -ide, used so often in chemistry, as chlor- ide, etc.). ειρήνη, ης, ή, peace. * Eecollect that τ\ς, nvts (enclit.) is usually postpositive. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 43 έπαινος, ov, o, praise, approbation. εχΰρα, ας, ή, enmity. κάτοπτρον, ov, το, a mirror. κολακεία, ας, ή, flattery. λαγώς, ω, δ (Attic 2d declens.), a hare. μανία, ag, ή, madness. με&η, ης, ή, intoxication, drunkenness. Νείλος, ov, 6, the Nile. παιδεία, ag, ή, education. πιοτό;, ή, όν, trustworthy. ρίζα, ης, η, a root. αοφία, ας, ή, wisdom. βτήλη, ης, ή, a pillar. ταμίδΐον, ov, τό, a treasury, a treasure-house. τέχνη, ης, ή, art (Eng. technical). ύπνος, ov, 6, sleep. φιλία, ας, ή, friendship. φωνή, ής, ή, a voice (Eng. phon- in phonetics, etc.). χαλκός, ov, 6, bronze, often rendered brass. ψόγος, ov, o, blame, censure. ψνχή, ης, ή, the soul (Eng. psych- in psychology). Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; and parse. 1. Ή αρετή (Gr. 529; S. Gr. 378) έβτι φιλίας ατηλη. 2. Πηγή κ αϊ ρίζα ΰοφίας έΰτϊν ή παιδεία (Gr, 535; S. Gr. 381). 3. Ή με&η τής μανίας 44 FIRST GREEK BOOK. uQ%*i έοτιν. 4. Ή παιδεία τροφή ψυχής (Gr. 530; S. Gr. 379, a) εϋτιν. 5. Ό ύπνος εΰτίν αδελφός τον θανάτου. 6. .Αρχή φιλίας μεν (Gr. 862, a; S. Gr. 585, a) 6 έπαινος έοτιν, εχ&ρας δε δ ψόγος. 7. Ή Αίγυπτος δώρόν εοτι του Νείλου. 8. Αι τεχναι πηγαί είΰι των καλών. 9. "Ολίγοι, των άνχτρώπων οοφοί ειΟιν. 10. Ή ψυχή ταμι- εϊον εθτιν } άγα&ή μεν τώνάγαίτών, κακή δε των κακών. 11. Έν ειρήνη μεν πολλοί είΰι λέοντες, εν μάχη δε λαγω. 12. Ό μεν χαλκός κάτοπτρόν έϋτι του είδους, δ δε οίνος του νου. 13. Ό μεν βίος βραχύς έϋτιν, ή δε τέχνη μακρά. 14. Ή κολακεία αδελφή έΰτι της διαβολής. Translate into Greek. 1. Truth is the sister of justice. 2. Friendship is a gift of the gods. 3. True friends are worthy of golden honor. 4. Pew (of) friends are trust- worthy in dangers. 5. In war, few (of) men are lions, in peace, many. 6. The honorable and good soul is a treasure-house of things (which are) honor- able and good. 7. Flattery and calumny are sisters. 8. Life is short, but art is long. 9. Honey is sweet, but the voice of a true friend is sweeter. 10. Censure is base, but flattery is baser. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 45 § 23. Miscellaneous Examples (Continued). Exercise XXIV. Vocabulary. άΰάνατος, ov (Gr. 209, compound adjs. ; S. Gr. 117), not subject to death, immortal (fr. a priv. and -θάνατος). αίτια, ag, ή, a cause. cut cog, ία, ιον, causing, occasioning, w. the gen. αλλά, conj. but. γενος 1 ovg, τό, race, kind. γλυκύς, εϊα, v, sweet (has nearly the same range of meaning with ηδύς). δίκαιος, α ία, a wv (fr. δίκη, justice), just. εϊδωλον. ov, to, an image (fr. είδος, that which is seen, a form). έλάχιοτος, least, super, of ολίγος. ενβεβεια, ας, ή, piety. ήγεμων, όνος, υ, a leader. ηδονή, ης ή, pleasure. {θνητός, η, όν, mortal. καρπός, ου, δ, fruit. κδλαξ, ακος, δ, a flatterer. λόγος, ου, δ, a word, speech. ου, before a vowel ουκ, but before the rough breath- ing ουχ, not. 46 FIRST GREEK BOOK. πάς, πάϋα, πάν* every, all ; for irreg. accent, see Gr. 160, Exc. b; S. Gr. 92, Exc. b. πικρός, α, όν, bitter, βπουδαϊος, αία, alov, earliest, ούμβουλος, ου, ο, an adviser, counsellor, τερψις, εως, ή, delight, χρόνος, ου, 6, time. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; and parse. 1. Λόγος άλη&ης καϊ δίκαιος ψυχής άγαττής και πιότης εϊδωλον εϋτιν. 2. Βραχεία τερψις έοτϊν ηδονής κακής (Gr. 572; S. Gr. 415). 3. ι Η μεν ρίζα της παιδείας πικρά εϋτιν, οι δε καρ- ποί γλυκείς. 4. \ίΓ γλώττα πολλών κακών αίτια * πας is declined as follows: I 'πας πάσα παν „. i Sing.< παντός παντί πάσης πάστ) παντός παντί 1 πάντα πάσαν πάν I 1 ΐπάς πάσα πάν Dual j πάντ€ παντοίν πάσα πάσαιν π άντε παντοίν [ πάντες πάσαι πάντα πάντων πασών πάντων Plur.j πάσι(ν) πάσαις πάσι(ν) | π όντας πάσας πάντα 1 [πάντες πάσαι πάντα Some editors write πάντοιν instead of παντοίν. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 47 εΰτίν. 5. Αϊ μεν ηδοναϊ τϊνηταί, αϊ δε άρ&ταϊ άϋάνατοί uOlv. 6. Ψέυδες έθτι πάν το των κο- λάκοιν γενο;. 7. ΜέγιΟτόν έοτιν εν έλαχίοτω, vovg ayatfdg εν άνθρωπου ο ω ματ ι. 8. Σύμβου- λο; ουδείς έϋτι βελτίων χρόνου. 9. Ούχ 6 μα- κρότατο; βίο; άροΰτοζ εοτιν, άλλα ο Οπουδαιοτα- το;. 10. ΊΙαόών των άρκτων ηγεμων έϋτεν ή εύϋε- βεια. 11. Πολλά μεν ου μαν&άνεί (lie does not learn), πολύ δι - Translate into Greek. 1. The life of the gods is immortal. 2. The speech of a true friend is an image of a faithful soul. 3. The speech of the faithful judge is true and just. 4. Base pleasures afford (παρεχουθι(ν)) short enjoy- ment. 5. The roots are bitter, but the fruits are sweet. 6. False speech is a cause of very many evils. 7. The tongue of all flatterers is a very great evil. 8. No virtue is better than piety. 9. An earnest life is better than the longest. 10. In a very small (space). In a human body (lit. in a body of a man). 4S FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 24. Verbs. Voices, Modes, Tenses, Stems and Roots, Tense- Systems. Gr. 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266; S. Gr. 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156. Accent of the verb. Gr. 365, 367, b, c, d ; S. Gr. 246, 248, b, c, d. Synopsis of λύω, in the Active voice, in the pres., fut., aor., and perf. systems ; also the meaning of these various parts. Gr. 269 ; S. Gr. 159. For the quantity of -ag in λύοας, see Gr. 49, 214 ; S. Gr. 30, a; 121. Elements of the verb ; Augment ; Reduplica- tion. Gr. 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 318, 319, 320; S. Gr. 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206. Exercise XXV. Vocabulary. λύω (stem λν- in the pres. system usually ; always λν- in the fut. and aor. act. and mid. ; always λύ- in the perf. and pluperf. of all voices, the aor. and fut. pass. Gr. 268, Note b ; S. Gr. 158, a), to loose, Gr. 268, R. a; S. Gr. 158. κιλζύω (stem xu.tv^), to order, or to be ordering. τίω (stem rt- in the pres. system ; but τι- in the VERBS. 49 fut. and aor. Gr. 335, 1 ; S. Gr. 212; to es- teem, or to he esteeming. Synopsis in the act. voice of the pres. fut. aor. and perf. systems of each of these verbs, with the meaning of the various parts. § 25. Verbs (Continued). Tense- Signs, Mode-Signs, Connecting Vowels, Endings. Gr. 344, 346, 347, 348 ; 348 Rem. a, 349, 350, 351, 355 Act., 357, 358 Act., 359 Act., 360 Act. ; S. Gr. 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 240 Act., 241, 242 Act., 243, 244 Act. Exercise XXVI. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; and point out in each word the augment, the stem, the tense-sign, the mode-sign, the connecting vow- el, and the ending, wherever these various ele- ments exist. Gr. 361, 352, a (coarse and fine print) ; S. Gr. 245, a; 235. Note 1. — To avoid making the recitation tedious, the teacher would do well to select certain test-forms and require the learner to give the elements with as much promptness as possible, leaving the other forms to be simply read and translated. 50 TIRST GREEK BOOK. Note 2. — For the exact meaning of the follow- ing forms, study carefully Gr. 269 ; also 695, 696; S. Gr. 159 ; also 472, 473. Note 3. — In most of the following exercises, the conditional particle εάν, if, will be used to mark the subjunctive. E. g. εάν λύω, which may be rendered, if I may be loosing, or simply if I he loosing ; the contingent particle άν (postpositive), which can sel- dom be rendered in English (Gr. 873), to mark the optative. E. g. λύοι,μι άν, 1 might, could, would, or should be loosing. 1. Λύω, λύοω, ελνοα, λελυκα. 2. Τίω, τ Ίο ω, trtaa, τετικα. 3. Κε7.εύω, κελεύόω, εκελευοα, κεκελευκα. 4. Λύοιμι αν. λνΟοεμΰ αν. λυβαι,μι αν. λελνκοιμΰ άν. 5. Τίοι,μί αν. τίοοί-μι αν. τι- ΰαι,μι αν. τετίκοιμο άν. 6. Κελενοιμι άν. κελεν- Οοι μι άν. κελεύβαιμι άν. κεκελευκοιμί άν. 7. Έλυον, ελνΰα, λελυκα, έλελύκειν. 8. 'Ετών, ετιΟα, τετικα, έτετίκειν. 9. 'Εάν λνω. εαν λυθώ (aor. subjunc.) εάν λελύκω. 10. Έάν κελεύω, εάν κελεύοο}. εάν κεκελευκω. 11. Tie, τϊβον, τετικε. 12. Λύειν, λϋοαι, λελυκεναί. Translate into Greek. 1. I was ordering. I ordered. I have ordered. 2. I am ordering. I shall order. 3. If I may be ordering. If I may order. If I may have ordered. VERBS. 51 4. I might be esteeming. I might esteem. I might have esteemed. 5. To be ordering. To order. To have ordered. 6. Be thou loosing. Loose thou. 7. Be thou ordering. Order thou. 8. Be thou esteeming. Esteem thou. 9. I was esteeming. I esteemed. 10. I was loosing. I loosed. I have loosed. 11. I had loosed. I had esteemed. I had ordered. 12. I am ordering. I shall order. I ordered. I have ordered. § 26. Verbs (Continued). Inflection of the present system act. of λύω. Gr. 270 ; S. Gr. 160. In like manner inflect the pres. system act. of τίω and of κελβνω. Exercise XXVII. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; tell where each form is made ; and point out its several elements. See Note 1, Exercise XXVI. Note. — In telling where a finite verb is made, five particulars — tense, mode, voice, person, number — should be given. E. g. λύει, pres, indie, act. third, sing. Practice is requisite to give all the par- ticulars correctly and promptly. In describing an 52 FIRST GREEK BOOK. infinitive, three particulars — tense, mode, voice — are requisite. 1. Avti (Gr. 352, a, fine print; S. Gr. 235, a). tlutv (Gr. 79, a ; S. Gr. 43). 2. 'Εάν λνχ (Gr. 346, 347, R. a and b ; S. Gr. 233, 235, cj. λύοι άν (Gr. 348 ; S. Gr. 234). 3. Αυίτω. λύειν (Gr. 352, d ; S. Gr. 243). 4. Αύουοιν (Gr. 78, b ; 79, b; 48; S. Gr. 43, 30). έ'λνον. εάν λύωΰιν. 5. Αύοαν άν. λνετωΰαν or λνοντων. 6. Ανομη: έλνομζν. εάν λυωμεν. λνοιμεν αν. 7. Ανετε, έλύέτε. εάν λυητε. λύοιτε αν. λύετε. 8. Ανεις. tXvtg. εάν λυγις. λνοις αν. λύε. 9. Tlovocv. Ιτιον. εάν τίωϋιν. τίοιεν αν. Τιετωβαν or πόντων. 10. Κίλζυεύ. έκελενεν. εάν κελ^νίβ. κδλζνοί άν. κελβυ- έτω. Translate into Greek. 1. He is esteeming. He was esteeming. If he may be esteeming. He might be esteeming. Let him be esteeming. 2. They are ordering. They were ordering. If they may be ordering. They might be ordering. Let them be ordering. 3. Thou art ordering. Thou wast ordering. If thou may- est be ordering. Thou mightest be ordering. Be thou ordering. 4. We are esteeming. We were esteeming, If we may be esteeming. We might be esteeming. 5. You are esteeming. You were esteeming. If you may be esteeming. You might be esteeming. Be ye esteeming. VERBS. 53 § 27. Verbs (Continued). Inflection of the fat. system active ; Gr. 271 ; S. Gr. 161. Inflection of the 1st aor. system active; 272; S. Gr. 162. In like manner, inflect the fat. and 1st aor. systems act. of τίω and κελεύω {τίοω, trtOa ; κελενΰω, εκελδνόα). Exercise XXVIII. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; and tell where each form is made. 1. Τίόει. τ loot αν. τίβονΟιν. τίβοιεν αν. 2. Τίβεις. τίύοίς αν. τίόετε. τίΰοιτε αν. 3. Κελζνο- μβν. κελενΰομεν. κελενοιμεν αν. κελενΰοιμβν αν. 4. 'Εκελδνσδν. εάν κελενύϊ]. κελενΰειεν αν. κελίυ- Οατω. 5. Έκελενύαν. εάν κελζνβωύίν. κϊλίύοει- αν αν. κελενΰαντων. 6. *Εκελενΰαμεν. εάν κε- λένΰωμεν. κελβνϋαιμεν αν. 7. Έκελβνϋας. εάν κελεύΰ^ς. κελευΰει,ας αν. κελευΰον. 8. Έκελεν- ΰατε. έαν κελενόητε. κελ&νΰαιτε αν. κελενΰατε. Translate into Greek. 1. He will order. They will order. You will order. 2. He esteemed. If he esteem. He might esteem. Let him esteem. To esteem. 3. They esteemed. If they esteem. They might esteem. 4. We esteemed. If we esteem. We might esteem. 54 FIRST GREEK BOOK. 5. They will esteem. If they esteem. 6. He will order. If he order. 7. You will order. If you order. 8. I shall order. If I order. 9. He might order. They might order. He might loose. They might loose. § 28. Verbs (Continued). First perf. system, active; Gr. 273 ; S. Gr. 163. In like manner inflect the 1st perf. system, active, of τίω and κελεύω {τ'ετικα, κεκελενκα). Exercise XXIX. Pronounce the Greek; translate into English; tell where each form is made ; and point out the ele- ments. 1. ΤετίκαΟιν. έτετίκεΰαν. εάν τετίκωΟιν. τ ε- τϊκοι,εν άν. 2. Κεκελενκαμεν. έκεκελενκειμεν. εάν κεκελενκωμεν. κεκελενκοιμεν άν. 3. Κελεύει. έκελενεν. κελενύει. εκελενόεν. κεκελενκεν. εκε- κελβ κει. 4. Κεκελενκας. έκεκελενκείζ. 5. Εαν κεκελεύκ]]ζ. κεκελενκοις or κεκελενκοίης άν. 6. Έάν κεκελενκϊ]. κεκελενκοι or κεκελενκοίη αν. κεκελενκετοι. Translate into Greek. 1. They have ordered. They had ordered. 2. If they have ordered. They might have ordered. VERBS. 55 3. He has esteemed. He had esteemed. 4. If he may have esteemed. He might have esteemed. 5. We have esteemed. We had esteemed. 6. If we have esteemed. We might have esteemed. 7. Let him have esteemed. Let them have esteemed. § 29. Verbs (Continued). Synopsis of the middle and passive voices. Gr. 269; S. Gr. 159. Also Gr. 365, 367, a, b, c, d; 687, 688, 689, 690, 693 ; 355 Middle, 358 Mid- dle, 359 Middle, 360 Middle; S. Gr. 246, 248, a, b, c, d ; 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 ; 240 Middle, 242 Middle, 243 Middle, 244 Middle. Inflection of the present system, Middle (Passive), Gr. 270; S. Gr. 160. In like manner, inflect the present system, Middle (Passive), of τίω, κελεύω, and λούω, I wash. (Pass, τίομαι, I am esteemed '; κε- λεύομαι, I am ordered. Middle, λούομαι, I am loashing myself.} Exercise XXX. Pronounce the Gree/c ; translate into English; tell where each form is made ; and point out its ele- ments. Translate as Pass. : 1. Κελεύεται, κελεύονται. 2. Έκελενετο. εκελεύοντο. 3. 'Εάν κελεύηται. iav κελεύονται. 4. Κελεύοιτο αν. κελεύοιντο 56 FIRST GREEK BOOK. av. 5. Κελευεοϋο. κελευεοΰοβαν or κελενεα- &ων. G. Κελενεό&ε. εκελενεα&ε. εάν κελενηό&ε. κελεύοιοϋ-ε αν. κελεύεβ&ε. 7. Κελίνόμε&α. έκε- λευόμεϋα. εάν κελενόμειϊα. κελενοίμει9α αν. Translate as Middle : 1. Λούεται, έλούετο. εάν λουηται. λουοιτο αν. λονεο&ο. 2. Λούη or λούει, έλούον. εάν λούη. λούοιο αν. λούου. 3. Λούον- ται, ελουοντο. εάν λούονται, λούοιντο αν. λου- εο&οοαν or λουεα&ον. Translate into Greek. 1. We are washing ourselves. We were wash- ing ourselves. If we may be washing ourselves. We might be washing ourselves. Let us wash our- selves (Subjunct. 1st pers. plur. Gr. 720, a; S. Gr. 488, a). 2. You are washing yourselves. You were washing yourselves. If you may be washing yourselves. You might be washing yourselves. Wash yourselves. 3. I am esteeming. I am es- teemed. 4. I was esteeming. I was esteemed.. 5. If I may be esteeming. If I may be esteemed. 6. I might be esteeming. I might be esteemed. 7. They are esteeming. They are esteemed. 8. They were esteeming. They were esteemed. 9. If they may be esteeming. If they may be esteemed. 10. They might be esteeming. They might be es- teemed. VERBS. 57 § 30. Verbs (Continued). Future system, Middle, Gr. 271 ; S. Gr. 161. Future Perf. and 1st fut. Pass., Gr. 274, 275 ; S. Gr. 164, 165. First aor. Middle, Gr. 272 ; S. Gr. 162. In like manner inflect λούοομαι, I shall wash my- self ; λου&ηοομαι, I shall be washed ; ελουοάμην, I washed myself. Exercise XXXI. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; tell where each form is made ; and give the elements. 1. Αουϋεταί. λονΰονται. 2. Λον&ηβεται. λον&ηΰοιτο αν. 3. Έλούϋατο. εάν λούΰηται. λοίοαιτο αν* 7*ον6αθϋω. 4. Αελύοομαι (for the meaning, see Gr. 269; S. Gr. 159). λελνβεται. λελνΰοιτο αν. 5. Αελυϋγι or λελνόει. λελυοοιο αν. λίλνοομεϋα. λελυβοίμεϋα αν. Translate into Greek. 1. We shall wash ourselves. We shall be wash- ed. 2. They washed themselves. If they may wash themselves. 3. They might wash themselves. Let them wash themselves. 4. Wash thyself. Do ye wash yourselves. 5. You washed yourself. You washed yourselves. We washed ourselves. 6. If we may wash ourselves. We might wash ourselves. 58 FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 31. Verbs (Continued). Perfect system Middle (Passive), Gr. 274; S. Gr. 164. First aor. Passive, Gr. 275, 343; S. Gr. 105, 264. In like manner inflect λελονμαι, I have washed myself ; εχελενΰβ'ην (Gr. 342; S. Gr. 259, 264, b), I icas ordered. Inflect also the pres. sub- junc. and optat. of ειμί, I am, Gr. 406, 1 ; S. Gr. 277. Exercise XXXII. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; tell where each form is made ; and give the elements, 1. Λελνται. έλελντό. 2. 'Εάν λελυ μένος y. λελν μένος εϊη άν. 3. Λελνα&ω. λελνο&αι. 4. 'Ελύ&η. εάν λν&ϋ (Gr. 343, fine print ; 347, Rem. a; S. Gr. 230, fine print; 233). 5. Λυθείη άν. λνΟητω. λυ&ήναί. 6. Λελυνταί. έλελνντο. 7. 'Εάν λελνμενοί ώϋίν. λελνμενοί εϊηόαν or είεν άν. 8. Λελύβϋοιοαν or λελύΰ&ων. Translate into Greek. 1. He has washed himself. They have washed themselves. 2. He had washed himself. They had washed themselves. 3. If he may have washed himself. They might have washed themselves. 4. Let him have washed himself. To have washed one's self. 5. He was ordered. They were ordered. VERBS. 59 C. If lie may be ordered. If they may be ordered. 7. He might be ordered. They might be ordered. 8. Let him be ordered. Let them be ordered. To be ordered. § 32. Verbs (Continued). Participles. Decline λυων, loosing ; λυόας, hav- ing loosed ; λνι%Ίς, having been loosed, Gr. 214 ; S. Gr. 121; λελυκώς, having loosed, Gr. 216; S. Gr. 123. In like manner decline τ Ίων, esteeming ; τ Ίο ας , having esteemed; τζτικώς, having esteemed. Note.— Observe that both the perf. and the aor. participles are translated usually by the English perf. participle (Gr. 269; S. Gr. 159). The perf. de- notes properly present time, completed action ; the aorist, that which was brought to pass (Gr. 696 ; S. Gr. 473) ; " simply a past event." In actual use, the aorist is more frequent. Article with the participle, Gr. 498, fine print. " Similar rules may be given, 5 ' etc. 786 ; S. Gr. 352, 538, a. 6 λυων, the one loosing, or he who looses ; 6 λύΰων, the one about to loose, or he who will loose ; 6 λύοας, the one having loosed, or he who loosed ; 6 λβλυκως, the one having loosed, or he who has loosed ; 6 λν&είς, the one having been loosed, or he who tuas loosed ; 6 λβ λυμένος, the one having been loosed, or he tcho has been loosed. Plur. oi λύοντες, those (who 60 FIRST GREEK BOOK. are) loosing ; oi λύβοντεζ, t/wse about to loose, or those who will loose; οι λνόαντες, those who loosed; oi λελυκοτεζ, those who have loosed; ol λυ&εντεζ, those who were loosed ; οι λελυμενοι, those who have been loosed. Exercise XXXIII. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; and tell where each form of the participle is made. Note 1 . — In telling where a participle is made six particulars must be given. E. g. κελεύων, pres., act., particip., nom., sing., masc. Much practice is required to state all the particulars readily and cor- rectly. Note 2. — Λύω maybe translated, to loose, to re- lease, or to ransom, according to the connection. 1. c O κελεύων. oi κελευοντεζ. 2. Τον κελευ- οντά ορώ. τούζ κελεύοντας ορώ. 3. Ό κελευοων, oi κελεύΰοντες. 4. Τον κελευΰοντα ορώ. τους κελεύϋονταζ ορώ. 5. Τον κελίυΰαντα ορώ. τούζ κίλεύΰαντας ορώ. 6. Τον τιομενον ορώ. τούζ τω μένους ορώ. Ί. Τον λυ&ηοόμενον, τούζ λυ- &ηθομενουζ ορώ. 8. Τον λυϋεντα, τούζ λυιϊεν- ταζ ορώ. 9. Τον λυϋομενον, τούζ λυοομίνουζ ορώ. 10. Τον λνοάμενον, τούζ λυοαμενουζ ορώ. 11. Τον λελυμένον, τούζ λελυμενουζ ορώ. 12. Συν τώ λυ&εντι. βύν τοϊζ 7.υ&εϊβιν. 13. *Υπερ VERBS. 61 του λυ&εντοζ. νπερ της λυ&είΰης. 14. Την λν- χϊεΐϋαν, τάς λυ&είαας ορώ. 15. Τον λουαόμενον> τον λονΰάμενον ορώ. Translate into Greek. 1. In company with him who is esteeming. In company with her who is esteeming. 2. In com- pany with those (men *) who are esteemed. In com- pany with those (women f) who are esteemed. 3. For the sake of him who will order. For the sake of her who will order. 4. For the sake of those (men*) who will order. For the sake of those (women f) who will order. 5. For the sake of him who will be released. For the sake of her who will be released. 6. For the sake of him who has wash- ed himself. In company with those who have washed themselves. 7. In company with him who has been released. In company with her who has been re- leased. 8. In company with him who was released. In company with her who was released. 9. In company with those (men *) who have been released. In company with those (women +) who have been released. 10. For the sake of those (men*) who were released. For the sake of those (women f) who were released. * Expressed by the masc. article, t Expressed by the fern, article. 62 FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 33. Verbs (Continued). Second aor. system active and middle. Gr. 383, 366, a; 367, a; 276; S. Gr. 254; 247, a; 248, a ; 166.— Second perf. system act. Gr. 387 ; 277 ; S. Gr. 257 ; 167. — In like manner with ί'λιπον, inflect ειλον (contracted fr. ίζλον, Gr. 312 ; S. Gr. 201), I took ; subjunc. ?λω (stem *λ-); and like ελιπό- μην, inflect είλόμην, I chose, subjunc. ελωμαι, optat. ελοίμην. Exercise XXXIV. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English; tell where each form is made ; and point out the ele- ments of several test-forms. Note. — The 2d aor. and 2d perf. are regularly translated like the corresponding forms of the 1st aor. and 1st perf. 1. "Ελιπον. εάν λίπωϋιν. λίποαν αν. λπάτω- ouv or λίπ όντων. 2. "Ελιπεν. εάν λίπ /j. λίποο αν. λιπετω. 3. Έίλεν. εί'λετο. 4. 'Εάν ί%ψ εάνί'λη- tcu. 5. "Ελοι αν. ί'λοιτο αν. 6. "Ελε. ελοϋ. 7. 'Ελίΐν. ελεο&αι. 8. Ό ελών. δ έλόμενος. 9. Λελοιπεν. εάν λελοίπτι. 10. Λελοίποϋ or λελοι- ποιη αν. λελοιπετω. 11. Λελοιπεναι. δ λίλοι- πως. ΰύν τώ ?ιελοιποτι. VERBS 63 Translate into Greek. 1. We left. If we leave. We might leave, 2. We have left. If we have left. We might have left. 3. We took. We chose. 4. If we take. If we choose. 5. We might take. We might choose. 6. They took. They chose. 7. If they take. If they choose. 8. They might take. They might choose. 9. Let them take. Let them choose. 10. Let him take. Let him choose. § 34. Verbs (Continued). Second passive system (2d aor, and 2d fut.). Gr. 395; 353, a; 354; 367, c, d; 278; S. Gr. 264; 238, b; 239; 248, c, d ; 168. In like man- ner inflect έτράπην, I was turned ; έτράφην, I was nourished ; τραπήοομαε, I shall be turned ; τραφη- οομαι, I shall be nourished. Exercise XXXV. Pronounce the Greek ; translate into English ; tell where each form is made ; and give the elements of several test forms. 1. ^Εοτάλη. εάν Οταλή. Οταλείη αν. ϋταλητω. 2. Σταλήϋεται. Οταληΰοιτο αν. 3. Έτραπηΰαν. εάν τραπώοιν. 4. Τρατηίνΰαν or τραπεΐεν αν. 64 FIRST GREEK BOOK. τραπεντων. 5. Έτράφημεν. εάν τραφώμεν. τρα- ψειημεν οι* τραφεί μεν αν. G. Έτράπητε. εάν τραπήτε. 7. Τραπείητε or τραπεΐτε αν. τρά- πητε. 8. Τραπήναι. δ τραπείζ. δ τραφείς, δ ύταλείζ. Translate into Greek. 1. They were sent. If they are sent. They might be sent. Let them be sent. 2. They will be sent. They would be sent (hereafter). 3. He was turned. If he may be turned. 4. He might be turned. Let him be turned, o. We are sent. If we may be sent. We might be sent. 6. Thou wast nourished. If thou mayest be nourished. 7. Thou mightest be nourished. Be thou nourished. 8. You were nourished. If you may be nourished. 9. You might be nourished. Be ye nourished. 10. To be nourished. To be turned. 11. I see him who was nourished in the house of the king. 12. For the sake of those who were nourished. Exercise XXXVI. A general review of the synopsis and inflection of the verb in all the voices (without the accompanying Greek and English exercises) is recommended at this point. VERBS. 65 § 35. Verbs (Continued). Contract verbs in άω. Gr. 32, a, b, c, d ; 34, 98 ; S. Gr. 17, 18, a, b, c, d ; 21, 59, a, b, c. Sy- nopsis and inflection of the pres. system active of τιμάω, to honor. Gr. 370, 279 ; S. Gr. 251 ; 169. Exercise XXXVII. Pronounce the Greek; translate; tell where each form is made and how contracted. 1. Τιμά. βτίμα. 2. *Εάν τιμά. τιμωη αν. 3. Τιμάτω. τιμάν (Gr. 371, a; S. Gr. 251, a). 4. Τιμάς, έτίμας. 5. 'Εάν τιμάς, τιμωης αν. τίμα. Note. — The form of the optat. in οίην is more common in the sing, of contract verbs, especially in the 1st and 2d persons; in verbs in άω it is used almost exclusively ; but in the dual and plur. the longer form is less frequent ; and in the 3d plur. the ending οίηααν is very rare. Kuhner, 137, 4. Translate into Greek. 1. We are honoring. We were honoring. 2. If we may be honoring. We might be honoring. 3. They are honoring. They were honoring. 4. If they may be honoring. They might be honoring. 5. Let the n be honoring. To be honoring. 6. Ye 66 FIRST GREEK BOOK. are honoring. If ye may be honoring. Be ye hon- oring. 7. Ye were honoring. Ye might be honor, ing. 8. I might be honoring. He might be hon- § 36. Contract Verbs (Continued). Synopsis and inflection of the present system middle (passive) of τιμάω. Gr. 279 ; S. Gr. 169. In like manner with τιμ(άω)ώ, inflect όρ(άω)ώ, I am seeing, r I see • imperf. εώρ(αον)ων (Gr. 312 ; S. Gr. 201, a), I teas seeing, or I saio. In like manner with τιμ(άο)ώμαι, inflect Middle πειρ(άο)ωμαι, I am trying (for myself, or with my own resources), Gr. 689, 690; S. Gr. 467, 463; Passive όρ(άο)ώμαι, I am seen (i. e. am being seeii). Exercise XXXVIII. Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; tell where each form is made ; from what it is contracted ; and give the rule for the contraction. Translate as passive : 1. Τιμάται, εάν τιμάται. 2. Έτιμάτο. τιμωτο αν. 3. Τιμαβ&ω. τιμάό- ϋαι. 4. Τιμάόιτε. εάν τιμάο&ε. ετιμάο&ε. 5. Τον τιμώμενον δρω μεν. 6. Τους τιμωμένους εωρώμεν. 7. 'Οράται. εάν όράται. εο^ράτο. 8. ι Οράοΰε. εάν υράοϋε. οράοϋω. Translate as middle: 1. Πειράται, εάν πειράται. 2. πείρων- CONTRACT VERBS. 67 τ αι. εάν πειρώνταΰ. 3. Έπειράτο. έπειρώντο. 4. Πειρωτο αν. πειρωντο άν. 5. Πειρώ (as imper- ative), πειράβ&ε (as indie, and as imperat.). 6. Τον πειρωμβνον οράτε (as indie, and as imperat.). Translate into Greek. 1. He is honoring. He is honored. 2. He is seeing. He is seen. 3. He was honoring. He was seeing. 4. They were honoring. They were seeing. 5. I am honoring. If I may be honoring. Be thou honored. 6. He is honoring. If he may be honoring. Thou art honored. If thou mayest be honored. 7. We see those who are honored. 8. Honor * the king. 9. They see or are seeing. They are seen. 10. They saw or were seeing. They were seen. 11. He might honor or be honoring. They might honor or be honoring. 12. He might be honored. They might be honored. 13. He honors or is honoring. Honor thou or be thou honoring. 14. He sees or is seeing. See thou or be thou see- ing. 15. Let him be honored. Let him try (for himself). 16. To honor.* To be honored. 17. To see.* To be seen. 18. Thou wast seeing. He was * Translate by the Pres. which denotes condoned action, Gr, 262 ; S. Gr. 153. 68 FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 37. Contract Verbs (Continued). Contracts in εω. Gr. 32, a, b, c, d ; 34 ; 34, exc. a; 35, b; 98; 280; S. Gr. 17; 18, a, b, c, d; 21; 59, a, b, c; 170. Synopsis and inflection of the pres. system active of φιλεω. In like manner in- flect άΰι%ν(έω)ώ, I am weak, am ill. Imperf. ήο&εν(εον)ουν (Gr. 309; S. Gr. 199); ποι(εο))ώ, I do, I make; καλ(είο)ώ, I call. Exercise XXXIX. Pronounce the Greek; translate; tell where each form is made ; and explain the contraction. 1. Φύ^εΐ. (piXeu 2. Έφίλει. r]OUtvti. 3. Έφί- λουν. ήα&ένουν. 4. 'Εάν φιλ%. φιλοίη * αν. 5. 'Εάν φιλώοιν. φιλοϊαν* άν. 6. Τιμώοιν. φι- λοΰΰιν. 7. Τιμάν. φίλ&ίν. 8. Τον aodtvovvra δώρων. 9. ^Αο&ενονμεν. άοϋενεΐτε. 10. Ήο- ϋενοϋμεν. ήΰ&ενεΐτε. 11. Τον φιλοϋντα εωρα. Translate into Greek. 1. He is doing. Do thou, or be thou doing. 2. He was doing. They were doing. 3. If he may be doing. He might be doing.* 4. If they may be doing. They might be doing.* 5. To be doing. I see those who are doing. 6. We are * See Note, Exercise XXXVII. CONTRACT VERBS. 69 doing. We were doing. 7. Ye are doing. Be ye doing. Ye were doing. 8. To be doing. To be honoring. 9. He calls. Be thou calling. 10. Let him be calling. Let him be honoring. 11. I might be calling.* I might be doing. I might be honor- ing. § 3S. Contract Verbs (Continued). Contracts in i ω continued. Gr. 280 ; S. Gr. 170. Synopsis and inflection of the present system middle (passive) of φιλ(εω)ώ. In like manner in- flect ποι(εο)οϋ μαι, I make or do (for myself or with my own resources) ; καλ(ίο)οΰμαί, I am called. Exercise XL. Pronounce the Greek; translate; tell lohere each form is made ; and how contracted. Trans, as Pass. : 1. Φιλεΐται. έφιλεϊτο. 2. Φιλούνταε. εψιλουντο. 3. 'Εάν φιλήται. εάν cpc- λώνται. 4. Φιλοϊτο άν. φιλοΐντο άν. 5. Φι- λείό&ω. φιλείο&ωϋαν or φιλείο&ων. β. Φίλου- με&α. έφιλού με&α. 7. 'Εάν φιλωμε&α. φιλοί- με&α αν. 8. Φιλεΐϋ&ε. έφιλεϊΰ&ε. 9. 'Εάν φιλήα&ε. φιλοΐο&ε άν. 10. ΟΙ φιλούμενοί. φι- λεΐΰ&αι. τους φιλονμένονς ορώ. * See Note, Exercise XXXVII. 70 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Translate into Greek. 1. He is calling. He is called. 2. He was calling. He was called. 3. They are calling. They are called. 4. They were calling. They were call- ed. 5. He might be calling. He might be called. 6. They might be calling. They might be called. 7. If he may be called. If they may be called. 8. He is doing. Thou art doing (for thyself). 9. If he may be doing. If thou mayest be doing (for thyself). 10. Ye are doing (for yourselves). Be ye doing ^(for yourselves). 11. He is doing. Be thou doing. 12. To be calling. To be called. § 39. Contract Verbs (Continued). Contracts in όω. Gr. 32, a, b, c, d; 34; 34, exc. a; 35, c; 98; S. Gr. 18, 21, 22, b; 59. Sy- nopsis and inflection of the present system, active and middle (passive) of δηλόω, ώ, to manifest Gr. 281 ; S. Gr. 171. Exercise XLI. Pronounce the Greek; translate; tell where each form is made ; and how contracted. 1. Τιμά. (fiXtu δηλοΐ. 2. ΤιμωΟιν. φιλοϋ- Olv. δηλοϋοιν. 3. Τιμάται. (pLktlrai. δηλοϋται. VERBS. 71 4. Τιμώνται, φιλοϋνται. δηλούνται. 5. Έτίμα. εφίλει* έδηλον. 6. ^Ετίμων. έφίλουν. έδηλουν. 7. Τίμα. φίλει. δήλου. 8. Τιματω. φιλέίτω. δηλουτω. 9. Τιμαη αν. φιλοίη αν. δηλοίη αν. 10. ^Ετιμάτο. έψιλέΐτο. έδηλούτο. 11. Έάν τιμά. εάν φιλ]]. εάν δήλοι. Translate into Greek. 1. He manifests. If he manifest. He might manifest. Thou art manifesting (for thyself). If thou manifest (for thyself). 2. Do thou be mani- festing. Do thou be manifesting (for thyself). 3. To be honoring. To be loving. To be manifesting. 4. We see those who are honoring. 5. We see those who are loving. 6. We see those who are manifesting. 7. I might be calling.* I might be manifesting. I might be honoring. § 40. Verbs (Continued). Repeat the principal parts of λύω. Gr. 266, Rem. c; S. Gr. 156, b. In like manner τιμ(άω)ώ, τιμηβω (Gr. 335; S. Gr. 21%),έτίμ?]ΰα, τετίμηκα, τετίμημαι, έτιμήζΤην (Gr. 285 ; S. Gr. 175) ; φιλ(εω)ώ 9 φιληθώ, εφΐληϋα, πεψ'ιληκα (Gr. 65, a ; S. Gr. 37, a), πεφίλημαι, εφιλη&ην, Gr. 287 ; S. * See Note, Exercise XXXVII. 1 72 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Gr. 177 ; δηλ(όω)ώ, δηλωθώ, εδηλωθα, δέδηλωκα, δεδήλωμαι, έδηλώίϊην, Gr. 289; S. Gr. 179. Exercise XLII. Give the principal parts — present, future, aorist (1st or 2d), and perfect, active ; perfect middle (passive) ; and aorist passive — of the following verbs : άξι(όω)ώ, αξιωθώ, ήξίωθα(βν. 309 ; S. Gr. 199), κτε. to think worthy, to demand, to ask. οίκ(εω)ώ, οικηθώ, ωκηθα (Gr. 310 ; S. Gr. 199, b), κτε. intrans. to dwell, trans, to inhabit, ποιεω, ώ, ποιηθώ, κτε. to do, to make, πολεμεω, ώ, πολεμηθώ, κτε. trans, to wage war upon, intrans. to carry on loar. πολιορκεω, ώ, πολιορκηθώ, κ re. to besiege. ώφελ(βω)ώ, ωφεληθώ, κτί (Gr. 309, end. " The long vowels," etc. ; S. Gr. 199 a), to benefit, to η θνλλογη, gen. θυλλογής, the levy. Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; give the principal parts; inflect; and tell where made. 1. Έτίμων. ετίμηθαν. 2. Τετιμηκαθιν. ετε- τιμηκίθαν. 3. Τετίμηνται. έτιμηϋηθαν. 4. 'Εφίλει. έφίληθεν. 5. Πεφίληται. έφιλη&η. 6. Φίλεϊ. φιληθεί. 7. Έδηλον. έδηλωθεν. 8. Αη- VERBS. 73 λούϋιν. δηλωοονΰιν. 9. Λεΰηλωνται. έδηλω&η- Gav. 10. Την βυλλογην έποι 1 1. 11. Την βυλλο- γην έποιεϊτο. 12. Ή ουλλογη έποιεϊτο. 13. ΙΤο- λεμεϊ. πολεμηθεί. 14. Έπολίμηΰεν. πεπολεμηκεν. 15. Πολεμεΐν. πολεμήόαι. 16. Την πόλιν έπο- λιόρκηΰεν. η πόλις έπολιορκη&η. 17. Αξιούται. άξιω&ήΰεται. 18. Τιμής ήξιω&η. 19. 'Αξιοι, αξιωθεί. 20. jE^ τη πόλει ωκει (Gr. 310 ; S. Gr. 199, b). 21. 'Εν τυ\ αύτη πόλει ωκηο&ν. 22. Την πόλιν αυτήν ωφελεί. 23. Την πόλιν ταύτην ωφε- λεί (render as imperat. and ashnperf., Gr. 309, end ; S. Gr. 199, a). 24. 'Ημάς ώφεληαεν. Translate into Greelc. 1. He was honoring. He honored. 2. He has honored. He had honored. 3. He has been hon- ored. He was honored. 4. They were loving. They loved. 5. They have been loved. They were loved. 6. They love. They will love. 7. They were manifesting. They manifested. 8. They were making the levy. 9. They were making (for them- selves) the levy. 10. They were besieging the city. 11. They besieged the city. 12. He besieged the cities. 13. The cities were besieged. 14. The king will besiege the city. 1 5. The city will be besieged. 16. They were deemed worthy of honor. 17. They lived in the same cities. 18. We live in this city. 74 FIRST GREEK BOOK. § 41. Verbs (Continued). Contract verbs. Mute verbs. Gr. 324 ; S. Gr. 210. Give the principal parts of the following verbs, and explain the mode of formation, tracing the stem and its changes through all the forms. άλλάβύω, Att. άλλάττω (Gr. 328, a ; S. Gr. 223), αλλάξω (Gr. 21 ; S. Gr. 11), ηλλα'ξα, ήλλαχα (Gr. 387, b ; S. Gr. 257, e), ηλλαγμαι, ήλ- λάχθην (Gr. 44 ; S. Gr. 26), usu. ήλλάγην (Gr. 294; S. Gr. 184), to exchange. ΰηράω,ώ, ΰηράοω (Gr. 335; 29; S. Gr. 212; 15, a), έϋ^ηραβα, τε&ηρακα (Gr. 65, a; S. Gr. 37, a), xre. Gr. 286 ; S. Gr. 176, to hunt. λείπω, λείψω (Gr. 21 ; S. Gr. 11), ελιπον (Gr. 326 ; S. Gr. 221), λελοιπα (Gr. 387, a ; S. Gr. 257, b), λελεεμμαι (Gr. 46 ; S. Gr. 28), έλείφ&ην (Gr. 44 ; S. Gr. 26), to leave. ρίπτω (Gr. 327 ; S. Gr. 222), ρίψω, ερριψα (Gr. 43; S. Gr. 33), ϊρριφα (Gr. 319, exc. d; S. Gr. 205, a), κτβ. Gr. 293 ; S. Gr. 183, to throw, to cast. τ ίλεω, ώ, τελεβω or τελώ (Gr. 374 ; S. Gr. 252, e), ετελεβα, τετελεκα, τετελεομαι (Gr. 390, both coarse and fine print ; S. Gr. 259), ενε- VERBS. 75 λεοϋην (Gr. 396, a; S. Gr. 264, b), Gr. 288 ; S. Gr. 178, to complete, to end. Note. — A perfect mastery of all the principles involved in the above changes will amply repay the learner, in the greater thoroughness and ease with which the subsequent work will be accomplished. Exercise XLIII. Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; tell where each form is made ; and how formed. 1. ^Ε&ηρων. ε&ηραϋαν. 2. Θηρώύιν. Όηρα- Oovucv. 3. Θηραόει. &ηράόεται. τϊηρα&ηΰεται. 4. Τϊ&ηραται. έτεΟηρατο. 5. Έ&ηρα6ατο. έυη- ρά&η. 6. 'Ετελει. έτελεοεν. 7. Τέλει (as pres. and as fut.), τελείται (as pres. and as fut.) 8. 'ErtXtlTO. έτελεοατο. 9. Τελοίη (as pres. and as fut.) αν. τελεΰειεν αν. 10. Λείπουϋιν. λείψου- βιν. 11. Έλείπομεν. έλίπομεν. 12. 'Εάν λείπΐ]. εάν λίπϊ], 13. Λείπειν. λιπεϊν. 14. ΟΙ λείπον- τες. ol λιποντες. 15. Λείπεβ&αι. λιπεο&αί. 16. Έρριπτεν. ερριψεν. 17. ^Ερρίψατο. έρρίφ&η. 18. c Ρίψει, ρίψεται. ριφ&ήβεται. 19. Ήλλαττεν. ηλλαξεν. 20. * Αλλάττει. αλλάξει. Translate into Greek. 1. He was hunting. He hunted. 2. He is hunting. He is hunted. 3. They hunted (for them- 70 FIRST GREEK BOOK. solves). They were hunted. 4. They were com- plcting. They completed. 5. They are completing. They will complete. 0. They were completing (for themselves). They completed (for themselves). 7. He is leaving. He will leave. 8. He was leaving. He left. 9. If they may be leaving. If they may leave. 10. We see those who are leaving. We see those who left. 11. They are casting. They will cast. 12. They were casting. They (did) cast. 13. They were exchanging. They exchanged. 14. He has left. He has cast. He has exchanged. 15. He has completed. He has hunted. § 42. Verbs (Continued). Mute verbs. Liquid verbs. Gr. 324 ; S. Gr. 210. Give the principal parts ; and also the synopsis of the different systems of the following verbs .• ττείϋω, πύοω (Gr. 47 ; S, Gr. 29), κτε. to per- suade, Gr. 295; S. Gr. 185. The 2d perf. and pluperf. are intrans. and also used as pres. and imperf. in meaning, to trust; mid. to obey. For consonant and vowel changes in the stem, see Gr 45, 46, 47, 387, a ; S. Gr. 27, 28, 29, 257, a. έ&ίζω (Gr. 328, b ; S. Gr. 223, c), έ&ιώ (Gr. 376 ; 77 VEEBS. ' ' S Gr. 252, f), «"Λββ (Gr. 312; S. Gr. 201), yrl to accustom, Gr. 296 ; S. Gr. 186. «ΰΑώ, βτελ» (Gr. 373 ; S. Gr. 252) t*»0* (Gr 382 ; S. Gr. 253), ΙβταΧχα (Gr. 319, exc.b; 386, c; S. Gr. 205, a; 256, c), xvl to send, Gr. 290 ; S. Gr. 180. _ «^'™ (Gr. 328, d; S. Gr. 223, f), 9™*,*"• <° show; pass, and mid. to appear, Gr. 291 ; b. Gr 181 Also synopsis and inflection of the fat. and 1st aor. Gr. 282, 283 ; S. Gr. 172, 173. Exercise XLIV. Pronounce the Greek ; translate; tell where each form is made; and give the elements of several test- forms. „ 1 "Εχει&εν. ίπειβεν. 2. Πεΐ&ε. ηείοον. 6. Πίπειχεν. hotter. 4. Πείθει, πείβεται. 5. •Ed -ΐζβί. ί&Α 6. ΈΧ&ιζεν. εϊ&ιβεν. 7. ΒΛ- xsv. t&ixu. 8. Εηϊίζετο. εΐ&ίβατο. 9. Στελ- λ«. "%.™Ην δύνη- ται, βαΰιλεύαει άντ ^Αρταξερξον. 5. c Υπήρχε τω Κύρω. 6. Έφίληΰε Κϋρον μάλλον η τον βαΰι- λευοντα Άρταξερξην. 7. Άφικνεϊτο. άφίκετο. άφικνονντο. άψίκοντο. 8. Ούτοι εις Σάρδεις αύτω (Gr. 596; S. Gr. 433) άφίκοντο. 9. ΟΙ άφικνούμενοι παρά βαΰ ίλεως αύτω μάλλον φίλοι ήΰαν η βαόιλεϊ. 10. "Οότις άφικνεϊτο των παρά βαοιλεως προς αυτόν, φίλος ην αύτω μάλλον η 8αθιλεΐ. 11. Οΰτις άφικνεϊτο των παρά βαόι- 110 FIRST GREEK BOOK. λ£ως προς αυτόν, πάντας ούτω διατι&εϊς άπεπεμ- ττετο, ωϋτε αύτω μάλλον (ριλονζ είναι η βαΟιλεϊ. Translate into Greek. 1. They went away, having incurred danger and having been dishonored. 2. Having gone away, he was dishonored. 3. Artaxerxes is king instead of his father. 4. Cyrus is deliberating, how he shall be king, instead of his brother. 5. If he may be able (Gr. 401, k; S. Gr. 274, e) he will be king. 6. If they may be able, they will go away. 7. They favored Cyrus. 8. They did not favor the king. 9. He was not able to be king. 10. They loved Cyrus more than his brother. 11. The army will arrive at Sardis for Cyrus. 12. They are friends to the king rather than to him. 13. They sent (them) all away, disposing (them) so as to be friends to the king. 14. Whoever of those from the king came to them, they put all to death. Exercise LXII. Vocabulary. άφίΰτημι {από, from, ϊΰτημι, to set ; in the in. trans, tenses, Gr. 416, 1, a; S. Gr. 288, to stand), to set off ; intrans. to stand off. SHORT SENTENCES. . Ill εκ βάλλω (εκ or εξ, out, βάλλω, to cast), to cast out, to banish. ίύνοϊκώζ (adv. fr. the adj. ευνοϊκός, favorable ; and that fr. tv well ; and ν 6ος, νους, mind), in a friendly manner, favorably. Phrase, εννοϊκώς έχειν, to hold, or have, in a friendly manner ; to be friendly. μίν, a connective particle not usu. rendered in Eng- lish ; anticipating another clause usu. intro- duced by δε, but, or and. Phrase, οι μεν .... οι δε, some .... others. Gr. 525, a; S. Gr. 375. Μίλητος, ου, ή, Miletus, a city of Ionia. Phrase, οι εν Μίλήτω, those in Miletus. πλην (either a conj. or a prep. ; as a prep. w. the gen.), except. προαιΰ&ανομαί (προ, before; αίόττανομαι, to be atvare, to perceive; prin. pts. Gr. 436, 1 ; S. Gr. 300), to be aware beforehand. Const, often w. the ace. and particip., e. g. τον Κνρον ταύτα βουλβυόμδνον αϊα&άνομαι, I perceive Cyrus plotting these things ; or, I perceive that Cyrus is plotting these things. Gr. 796 ; 799; S. Gr. 545, 546, c. Eng. word fr. αία&άνομαε, Aes- thetics, the science that treats of the beautiful. τότε, adv. at that time, then. ως, w. a finite mode, often denoting purpose, that, in order that. 112 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; and parse. 1. Ευνοϊκών ειχον αύτω. 2. Εύνοϊκώς εΰχον τω βαΰιλεΐ. 3. Πολέμων ικανοί ήΰαν. 4. Των παρ έαυτω βαρβάρων επιμελείται. 5. Των παρ έαυτω βαρβάρων έπεμελειτο ως πολεμεΐν τε Ικα- νοί εί'ηΰαν καϊ εύνοϊκώς εχοιεν αύτω. 6. Αι 'Ιωνι- κοί πόλεις άφεΰτηκεΰαν προ; Κνρον. 7. Αι πό- λεις τότε άφεΰτηκεΰαν προς Κνρον πάΰαι πλην Μι?»ητου. 8. Οι εν Μιλητω τα αύτα ταύτα εβουλενοντο. 9. Τους εν Μιλητω τα αυτά ταύτα βουλευο μένους προήΰ&ετο. 10. Τους μεν αυτών άπεκτεινε, τους <5* ε ξέ βαλε ν. Translate into Gree/c. 1. We were (habitually) friendly to them. 2. We were (indef.) friendly to many of those about Cyrus. 3. We paid attention to the barbarians with ourselves. 4. They are both able to carry on war and are friendly to us. 5. The cities revolted to Cyrus. The cities belonged to Tissaphernes. 6. Many cities at that time revolted to Cyrus. 7. The companions of Cyrus (lit. those around Cyrus) plot- ted these things. Those in Miletus plotted the same things. 9. They were plotting these same things. 10. I was aware beforehand that Cyrus was plotting these same things. 11. Some of them, we put to SHORT SENTENCES. 113 death; others, we banished. 12. Some of them died in battle ; others were banished. Exercise LXIII. Vocabulary. αία&άνομαι (princ. pts. Gr. 436, 1 ; S. Gr. 300), to be aware of, to perceive. Often w. the gen. Stem and changes ? άμψί, prep. w. gen. dat. or ace, about, around. άξιόω, ω, -ώα ω, κτέ. to think worthy, to demand. Often w. the ace. and infin. άρχω (prin. pts. Gr. 424, 2 ; S. Gr. 300), to begin, to be first, to govern, to rule, w. the gen. Gr. 581, a ; S. Gr. 422, ba. δαπανάω, ω, -ηύω, κτε. to expend ones own re- sources, δαπανάν άμφϊ w. the ace. to expend ones own resources upon (lit. about). εκπίπτω (εκ or εξ, out ; πίπτω, to fall ; princ. pts. Gr. 449, 4 ; S. Gr. 300), to fall out; oi έκ- πεπτωκότες, those who have fallen out, those who have been banished, the exiles. επίβουλη, ης, η, a plot. κατά, prep. w. the gen. or ace. W. the ace, along, by; κατά γήν, by land; κατά &αλατταν, by sea. 114 FIEST GREEK BOOK. κατάγοο (κατά, along ; άγω, to lead, prm. pts. Gr. 424, 1 ; S. Gr. 300), to lead along, to lead bach, to restore. νομίζω (fr. νόμο;, law, custom), νομίοω or νομιώ, ένόμιβα, νίνόμικα, νένόμίϋμαι, ένομίοϋην, to hold as customary, to think, to suppose, παράω, -ώ, -άοω. Oftener used as mid. dep. πέί- ράομαι, -ώμαι, -αβομαι, κτέ. to try, at- tempt. όνλλεγω (ούν, together; λέγω, to gather ; prin. pts. Gr. 424, 15; S. Gr. 300), to collect. Ουμπράττω {οΰν, together ; πράττω, to do, to act ; prin. pts. Gr. 428, 6; S. Gr. 300), to do (any thing) with (another), to cooperate with, ύπολαμβάνω (υπό, under ; λαμβάνω, to take ; prin. pts. Gr. 437,4; S. Gr. 300), to take under (one^s protection). φεύγω, to flee ; prin. pts. Gr. 425, 16 ; S. Gr. 300. 6 φίύγων, the person fleeing, the fugitive, the exile. Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; and parse. 1. ι Υπίλαβε τους φεύγοντας. Έυνίλ^ξε Οτρά- τίυμα. 2. Έπολιόρκίί Μίλητον καϊ κατά γην κ αϊ κατά ϋάλατταν. 3. Έπδΐράτο καταγαν του; έκπίπτωκοτας. 4. 'Ο Κύρος νπολαβων τους (f ' tjr /οντας, κάϊ Ουλλίζας Οτρατίυμα έπο?αορκίΐ SHORT SENTENCES. 115 Μίλητον. 5. Ήξίου δο&ήναι ol (Gr. 230, Third Pers.; also, 111, b; S. Gr. 133; 69, b) ταύτας τάς πόλεις (subj. of δο&ήναι. Gr. 773 ; S. Gr. 535). 6. Ήξίωΰε Τιΰΰαφερνην (Gr. 198) αρχειν τούτων των πόλεων (Gr. 581, a; S. Gr. 422, ba). 7. Ή μητηρ Ουνεπραττεν αύτω ταύτα, 8. Ό βα- οιλεύς της επιβουλής ουκ γ}ο&ανετο. 9. Tc06a- φίρνζι πολεμεϊ. 10. *Αμφί τα ότρατευματα δα- πανά, 11. ΤιΟΟαφερνεε πολέμων άμψϊ τα Οτρα- τευματα δαπανά. 12. Τιΰΰαφερνει δε ένομιζε πολεμοϋντα (Gr! 788/789; S. Gr. 539, 540) αυτόν άμφϊ τα Οτρατευματα δαπανάν. Translate into Greek. 1. They were making an attempt to restore (aor.) the fugitives. 2. They attempted to restore (one after another, pres. infin.) those who had been banished. 3. They besieged the city both by land and by sea. 4. Having collected an army, they took those who had been banished under their protection. 5. They demand (that) this city be given to them- selves. 6. They were demanding (that) Cyrus rule this city. 7. The soldiers cooperated with us in these things (lit. did these things with us). 8. They plotted against the king. 9. The king will not be aware of the plot. 10. They carried-on-war with those in Miletus. 11. They expended their re- sources on the armies, while-carrying-on- war (Gr. 116 FIRST GREEK BOOK. 788, a ; S. Gr. 539, a) with those in the city. 12. And they supposed that the commanders, while-car- rying-on-war with Tissaphernes, were expending their resources on the army. Exercise LXIV. Vocabulary. άγαμαι, άγαϋομαι, ηγαβ&ην, rare ήγαϋαμην, to admire, esteem; aor. inceptive, Gr. 708 ; S. Gr. 482, came to esteem, av, Gr. 873 ; S. Gr. 590, a. αχ&ομαί, princ. pts. Gr. 422, 1 ; S. Gr. 300, to be displeased. δεω, princ. pts. Gr. 422, 4; S. Gr. 300, to need. Mid. to icant, to entreat. καταλύω {κατά, down ; λύω, to loose), to dissolve, to abolish ; κατάλυα at ττρόζ, w. ace. to come to an agreement with, κελεύω, prin. pts. Gr. 421, 20 ; S. Gr. 300, to order, w. the ace. λαβών may often, like ί'χων, be rendered ivith ; e. g. παρίγενετο λαβών, he came ivith. λαν&ανω (prin. pts. Gr. 437, 5 ; S. Gr. 300. Stem and changes, Gr. 329, b ; S. Gr. 295, c), trans. to escape the notice of, to elude ; intrans. to be concealed ; τρβίρόμενο; έλάν&ανεν,ΪΜ teas con- SHORT SENTENCES. 117 cealed in being nourished ; freely rendered, he was secretly nourished. μη, Gr. 832; 837; S. Gr. 569; 570. οτι, Gr. 868 ; S. Gr. 587. παρέχω {παρά, along by the side of, denoting com- munication, and έχω, to have. Prin. pts. Gr. 424, 11; S. Gr. 300), to furnish, provide; πράγματα παρεχειν, to occasion trouble, to give trouble. ΠίΟιδης, ου, 6, a JPisidian. προβ&εν . . . . . πριν, until. πράγμα (fr. πράττω, to do), ατός, τό, a thing done, a deed ; often plur. in the sense, άίβ^Ι- ties, trouble. Πρόξενος, ου, δ, Proxenus. Οτρατεύω, εΰϋω, κτε. to make an expedition ; ατρα- τενεα&αι εις w. the ace. to make an expedition (for one's own sake, or with one's own re- sources), against any one. ϋυμβάλλω (αύν, together ; βάλλω, to cast), to cast together, to contribute. 6 υ μβουλεΰω (ούν, together ; βουλενω, to deliber- ate), to advise. Mid. to get advice for ones self, w. the dat. to confer with. τρέφω (prin. pts. Gr. 424, 26; S. Gr. 300), to nourish, to support. χρήμα (fr. χράομαι, to use) ) aτoς, τό, a thing used, Plur. goods, possessio?i?, money. 118 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Pronounce the Greek; translate; and parse. 1. Ουδέν (Gr. 552, a; S. Gr. 397, a) ήχχ%το αυτών (Gr. 577, a; S. Gr. 420, a) πολέμούντων. 2. Ό Κύρος ηγάϋ&η αυτόν. 3. Χρήματα (ob- ject) ουνεβάλλοντο (mid.) αύτω (Gr. 597 ; S. Gr. 433) etQ την τροψην των Οτρατιο^τών. 4. Το Οτράτευμα τρεφόμζνον ελαν&ανεν αύτω. 5. Λεϊται αυτού (Gr. 575 ; S. Gr. 418) μη πρόϋ&ίν καταλύϋαι προς τους άντιΟταβιωτας πριν αν αυτω 6υ μ βουλευβηται. 6. Λαβών άνδρας ότι (Gr. 664 ; S. Gr. 455) πλζίϋτους παρεγένβτο. 7. Προξενον εκίλενϋε λαβόντα άνδρας ότι πλεΐϋτους παρα- γενεοϋαι. 8. Εις Πιΰίδας βουλεται ΟτρατευεΟ- &αι } ως πράγματα παρεχόντων τών ΙΤιΰιδών (Gr. 593; S. Gr. 541) rfj εαυτού χώρα. Translate into Greek. 1 . They were in no respect displeased at our car- rying on war (lit. at us carrying on war). 2. We esteem you. \Ve came to esteem these men. 3. He contributed much money to us for the support of the army. 4. He was supported secretly. We were supported secretly. 5. We supported an army se- cretly for him. 6. An army was supported secretly for him. 7. The soldiers were supported secretly for him. 8. We entreat (Gr. 371, b ; S. Gr. 251, b) SHORT SENTENCES. 119 you not to become reconciled to the enemies of the king. 9. They entreat us not to become reconciled to the king, until we shall have conferred (av w. aor. subjunc. Gr. 760, a; S. Gr. 515, b; 523, c) with them. 10. They came with (particip.) as many men as possible. 11. They ordered the generals to come with (particip.) as many men as possible. 12. The Pisidians are giving trouble to our country. 13. They wish to make an expedition against the Pisi- dians, on the ground that the Pisidians are giving trouble to their country. Exercise LXV. Note. — At this point, the learner may profit- ably begin the first chapter of the Anabasis, alternat- ing between a lesson in the Anabasis and a lesson in the following exercises : Vocabulary. ακρόπολις, εως, ή {άκρος, highest ; πόλις, city), an acropolis, a citadel, άνω, adv. (fr. prep, ανά, up), upward, ηκω, comm. pf. in meaning, have come; f. ηξω ; impf. ηκον, often as aor., came. καλεω, ώ (prin. pts. Gr. 420, 5; S. Gr. 300), to call, summon. 120 FIRST GREEK BOOK. Κλέαρχος, ου, 6, Clearchus. Ζενίας, ου, δ, Xenias. ghviseov, ου, τό (fr. ξένος, a hired soldier), a mer- cenary force. οϊκαδε (fr. οίκος, a house, δε (enciit.), towards), homeward, home. παντάπαϋιν {πάντα, all things; πάοιν, in all things), wholly. παραγγέλλω (παρά, along ; άγγελλω, to announce), to send orders. παύω, priii. pts. and meaning, Gr. 421, 19 ; S. Gr. 300. πορεύω, -εύαω, to convey ; cornm. pass. dep. πορεύ- ομαι-, πορίνΰομαί, πεπορευμαι, επορεύ&ην, to convey one's self, to proceed. προΐοτημτ {προ, before / ΪΟτημι, to set), to set be- fore ; intrans. tenses, Gr. 416, 1 ; S. Gr. 288, a), to stand before, to command. πρόφαΰις, εως, ή, a pretence. νπιΰχνεομαί, οϋμαι (prin. pts. Gr. 438, 6 ; S. Gr. 300), to promise. φυγάς, άδος,δ (fr. φεύγω, to fee), a fugitive, an exile. φνλάττω (prin. pts. Gr. 428, 11 ; S. Gr. 300), to guard. SHORT SENTENCES. 121 Pronounce the Greek ; translate ; and parse- 1. Έδόκει αύτω πορεύεβ&αι civ ω. 2. Την πρόφαόιν έποιεϊτο ώς ΤΙιβίδας βουλόμενος έκβα- λεϊν πανταπαόιν εκ της χώρας, 3. Ήκε λαβών οΰον ην αύτω ΰτράτευμα (Gr. 809; S. Gr. 551). 4. ΙΙαραγγίλλει τω Κλεάρχω λαβόντι ηκειν οΰον ην αύτω ΰτράτευμα. 5. Ζενίας αύτω (Gr. 597 ; 5. Gr. 433) προεϋτηκει του εν ταΐς πόλεϋι ξενικού (Gr. 581, a ; S. Gr. 422, ba). 6. Ηκε λαβών τους άνδρας πλην όπόΰοι Ικανοί ήόαν τάς ακρο- πόλεις φυλαττειν. 7. Έκαλεΰε τους Μίλητον πο- λιορκοϋντας, και τους φυγάδας εκελευοε αύν αύτω ότρατευεό&αι. 8. Ού προό&εν επαυΰατο, πριν αυτούς κατηγαγεν οϊκαδε. 9. ^Ύπεβχετο τοις φυ- γάόι μη (Gr. 837 ; S. Gr. 571) πρόα&εν παύόαϋ- &αι, πρϊν αυτούς καταγάγοι οϊκαδε. Translate into Greek. 1. It seemed expedient to them to expel the Pisidians wholly, from the country. 2. He made the pretence that he wished to proceed upward. 3. They came with all the army which they had. 4. They commanded for us the mercenary army in the city. 5. They came with the heavy-armed-men, ex- cept as many as were sufficient to guard the citadel. 6. Those who were besieging the city were called. 122 FIRST GREEK BOOK. 7. We ordered the exiles to make an expedition in company with us. 8. We did not cease, until we restored the exiles to their home. 9. We promised him not to cease, until we should restore the exiles to their home. Exercise LXVI. Vocabulary. άδικε ω, ώ, -τ)αο) (a priv. and δίκη, justice), to in- jure, αίρεω, ώ (princ. pts. Gr. 450, 1 ; S. Gr. 300), to take ; mid. to take for ones self, to choose. av ? Gr. 873; 757; S. Gr. 524. άρχω (princ. pts. Gr. 424, 2 ; S. Gr. 300), to rule. <%*Gr. 851 ; S. Gr. 580, d. δίκη, ης, ή, justice ; often justice for a wrong done ; hence, punishment. ει, if, whether, είδον, aor. of όράω ; princ. pts. Gr. 450, 4 ; S. Gr. 300. επίϋταμαι, synopsis and prin. pts. Gr. 404, 6 ; S. Gr. 300, to understand, to know how. έπιτί&ημι {επί, upon ; τί&ημι, to put) to put upon ; spoken of punishment, to inflict, ϊν a, that, in order that ; a final conj. Κίλικες, ων, οι, Cilicians. μεντοι, yet, however. SHORT SENTENCES 123 οίδα, princ. pts., synops. and inflec. Gr. 409, 6 ; S. Gr. 280, f., to know. ότι, a declarative conj. that. ου, adv. of place, where. προς w. ace, to, towards, against. υπό w. gen., by, denoting the agent w. pass, verbs. φημί, prin. pts., synops. and inflec. Gr. 404, 2 ; S. Gr. 274, b, to say, affirm. χρήζω, only the pres. system in Att., to wish, to de- sire. Note. — The irregular verbs οίδα and φημί have not been introduced before, and will require special attention. Pronounce the Greek; translate; and parse. 1. Ούτος ην των άμφϊ Μίλητον Οτρατευομε- νων (Gr. 572, a). 2. Και είδε rag βκηνάς, ου οι Κίλικες, εφυλαττον. 3. El δη δίκαια ποιηθώ ουκ οίδα. 4. "Οτι μεντοι άδικεϊΟχϊαι (Gr. 774, 775; S. Gr. 536, b) νομίζει νφ ημών οιδα. 5. Τω άνδρι ον αν εληό&ε πείθομαι, ϊνα είδητε ότι και αρχεο&αι επίύταμαι. 6. ΙΤρός τούτον εφη βοΰ- λεο&αι (same subj. as εφη ; he said he wished, etc. Gr. 774, 775; S. Gr. 536, b) έλ&εϊν. 7. Την (Gr. 529 ; S. Gr. 377, e) δίκην εφη χρ{ιζειν έπι- ϋεϊναι αύτω. 8. Ήοαν. Τ)ε6αν. ηδεααν. ϊεοαν. εΐοαν. εφαΰαν. 9. ΕΙοίν. ϊαΰιν. ϊοαΰιν. ίάϋιν. 124 FIRST GREEK BOOK. φαόίν (Gr. 105, c ; S. Gr. 65, c). 10. "lade. ϊοτω. ϊΟί. ϊτω. ϊο&ι. ϊΰτω. ΐει. ίετω. 11. "Ηιδειν (Gr. 11, " But when," etc. S. Gr. 5, b). είδον. εάν είδώ. εάν ίδω. είδείην άν. ϊδοιμι άν. 12. ΟΙ ειδότες. οι ιδοντες. Translate into Greek. 1 . We were of those engaged in military opera- tions around the city. 2. He will see the tents, where the Cilicians are keeping guard. 3. Whether now we shall do justly (lit. just things) we know not. 4. They suppose they (Gr. 774, 775; S. Gr. 536, b) are injured by us. 5. However, we know that they suppose they are injured by the city. 6. We shall yield obedience to the men whom he shall have chosen. 7. You will know that I understand how to be governed also. 8. Know thou that I un- derstand how both to govern and be governed. 9. He will yield obedience to the men whom we shall have chosen, in order that we may know that he un- derstands how to be governed also. 10. They said they wished (see No. 6, above, Greek) to go against the king. 11. We were. We went. We knew. 12. We were sending. We sent. We said. 13. We are. We are going. We know. We send. We say. 14. He knew. He saw. 15. The one who knows. The one who saw. 16. To or for the one who knows. To or for the one who saw. GENERAL VOCABULARY ENGLISH-GREEK. A. Able, Ικανός. To be able, 8C- ναμαι. About (= around), άμφί, nepi "With numerals, ως. Acropolis, ακρόπολις. Admire, θαυμάζω, αγαμαι. Affair, πράγμα. Affirm, φημί. Against, eh, «τι, or προς, each with the ace. Agreement, to come to an ag. with, καταλύω προς W. the acc. All, πάς, All together, συμπάς. Already, ήδη. Always, aet. Among, w. a verb of rest, iv and the dat. ; w. a verb of motion, eis and the acc. And, και. Both .... and, κα\ .... και ; re ... . και. Appoint, άποδίίκνυμι. Apprehend, συλλαμβάνω. Army, στράτβυμα, στρατιά. Around, see About. Arrive, άφικνίομαι, παραγι'γιο- μαι, πάρειμι. As, ως. As much as, όσος. As many as, όσοι. Assemble, αθροίζω, συλλέγω. Associate with, συγγ'ιγνομαι. At, ΙπΊ w. dat. Attempt, πειράομαι. Aware, to be aware of, αισθάνο- μαι. To be aware of before- hand, προαισ%άνομαι. Away, to go away, απέρχομαι, άπειμι. Axe, άξίνη. Back, back again, πάλιν. Bad, κακός. Banish, έκβάλλω. To be banish- ed, εκπίπτω. Barbarian, βάρβαρος. Base, πονηρός. Battle, μάχη. Beast, wild beast, %ήρ. Beautiful, καλός. Beauty, κάλλος. Become superior to, περιγίγνο- μαι. Before, πρό. Beg off, (ξαιτίω. 126 GENERAL VOCABULARY. Begin, άρχω. Behalf, in behalf of, υπέρ w. gen. Belong to, ειμί w. gen. Better, άμείνων. Bird, όρνις. Black, μέλας. Boat, πλοίο v. Bodj, σώμα. Bone, όστέον, όστούν. Born, to be born, γίγνομαι. Both, άμφοτέρω. Both .... and, και .... και ; τε . . . . και. Boy, παϊς. Breadth, εύρος. Breast-plate, Ζώραξ. Brother, αδελφός. By (agent), υπό w. gen. Along by, παρά w. ace. By land, κατά γην ; by sea, κατά 3άλατ- ταν. Call, καλέω. Calumniate, διαβάλλω. Cast out, έκβάλλω. Cast together, συμβάλλω. Chance, τυγχάνω. Choose, α'ιρέομαι. Chariot, άρμα. Citizen, πολίτης. Cloud, νέφος. Collect, συλλέγω. Come, ηκω, παραγίγνομαι. Command, κελεύω, προΐστημι. Commander, άρχων. Competent, Ικανός. Conceal, to be concealed from, λανθάνω. Confer with, συμβουλεύω, W. dat. Contribute, συμβάλλω. Cooperate with, συμπράττω. Country, χώρα. Crown, στέφανος. Current, poor, pods. D. Danger, κίνδυνος. To be in danger, incur danger, κινδυ- νεύω. Darius, Δαρείος. Daric, δαρεικύς. Daughter, Ζυγάτηρ. Day, ημέρα. Death, θάνατος. Deed, πράγμα. Deep, βα^ύς. Deliberate, βουλεύομαι. Delicious, ηδύς. Demand, άξιόω. Depth, βά%ος. Desire, χρήζω. Die, αποθνήσκω. Difficulties, πράγματα. Dishonor, ατιμάζω. Displeased, to be d., αχΖομαι. Dispose, διατίΖημι. Door, 3ύρα. Down, down from, κατά w. gen. Dwell, οϊκέω. Ε. Enemy (in war), πολέμιος. Entreat, δέομαι. ENGLISH GREEK. 127 Establish, καΖίστημι. In the in- trans. tenses, to become es- tablished. Esteem, αγαμαι. Every, πάς. Except, πλην. Exhibit, επιδείκνυμι. Exile, φυγάς, φευγων. Expedition, to make an ex., στρατεύω. Expel, εκβάλλω. Expend one's resources upon, δαπανάω άμφί W. the ace. Eye, οφθαλμός. F. False, ψευδής. Falsehood, ψευδός. Far from, πόρρω. Father, πατήρ. Favor, subst., χάρις. Favor, verb, υπάρχω. Favorably, ευνο'ίκως. Fertile, καρποφόρος. Flee, φεύγω. Fleet, ταχύς. Foreigner, βάρβαρος. Friend, φίλος. Friendly, φίλιος. In a friendly manner, προς φιλίαν ; also ευ- νοϊκούς. Friendship, φίλια. From, από. From a person, παρά W. the geu. Front, in front of, πρό, αντί. Fugitive, ό φεύγων. Full, πλήρης. Furnish, παρέχω. To give trou- ble, πράγματα παρεχειν. G.< General, στρατηγός. Gift, δώρον. Give, δίδω /it. Give back, give in full, give what is due, άποδίδωμι. Go, είμι, έρχομαι. Go away, απειμι, απέρχομαι. Go into, ε'ίσειμι. Go up, αναβαίνω. God, Seo's. Gold, χρυσός. Golden, χρυσούς. Good, αγαθός. Govern, άρχω. Government, αρχή. Grace, χάρις. Graceful, χαρίεις. Great, μέγας. Greater, μείζων. Guard, φύλαξ. Guest, ξένος. II. Hair, 3pi'£; often used in the plur. τρίχες, where we should use the sing. Happen, hit, τυγχάνω. Have, εχω. Hear, ακούω. Heavy, βαρύς. Height, ύψος. Herald, κήρυξ. 128 GENERAL VOCABULARY. ΙΙβΓΟ, ηρως. Hill, γήλοφος. Home, homeward, οΐκαδε. Honey, μίλι. Honor, τιμή. Honorable, καλός. Hope, ίλπίς. Hoplite, οπλίτης. Horn, κέρας. Horse, Ιππος. Host, ξένος. Hostile, πολέμιος. House, otKi'a. How, όπως. However, μέντοι. I. If, ei, iaVj ην. Inflict (punishment), έπιτ'βημι (δίκην). Injure, άδικέω. Instead of, αντί. Island, νήσος. Judge, κριτής. Justice, punishment, δίκη. Κ. Kill, άποκτΐίνω. King, βασιλεύς. To be king, βασιλεύω. Kingdom, βασιλεία. Know, οιδα. Know how, έπίσταμαι. Labor, πόνος. Land, γη ; by land, κατά γήν. Language, γλώττα. Large, μέγας ; larger, μείζων. Law, νόμος. Length, μήκος. Lie down, lie still, κατάκειμαι. Life, βίος. Light, φως. Line-of-battle, φάλαγξ. Lion, λέων. Lioness, λέαινα. Live, οικέω. Long, μακρός. Μ. Man, άνθρωπος, άνήρ. Old man, γέρων. Mainland, ήπειρος. Mercenary force, ξενικόν. Milk, γάλα. Mind, νόος, νους. Money, χρήματα. Month, μήν. More, μάλλον. Mother, μήτηρ. Mouth, στόμα. Much ; as much as, όσος ; as many as, όσοι. Multitude, πλήθος. Muse, μονσα. Ν. Need, δέω. Night, νύξ. No one, nobody, ουδείς. ENGLISH GREEK. 129 iioise, θόρυβος. Not, οό, ουκ, ούχ, μη. Nothing, ούδεν. Nourish, τρέφω. Nourishment, τροφή. NOW, ήδη. Ο. Older, oldest, πρεσβύτερος, πρεσ- βύτατος. Old man, γέρων. On, επί. Opponent, άντιστασιώτης. Or, ή. Orator, ρητωρ. Order, νόμος. To order, κελεύω. To send orders, παραγγέλλω. Out of, 6Κ, εξ. P. Park, παράδεισος. Pay, /itaSos. Pay attention to, επιμελεομαι. People, λεώς. Perceive beforehand, προαισΖά- νομαι. Persuade, πεί%ω. Phalanx, φάλαγξ.- Place, τίΖημι. Place apart, δια- τί%ημι. Plain, πεδίον. Pleasant, ηδύς. Pleasing, χαρίης. Plot, επίβουλη. Plot against, επιβουλεύω. Power, in the power of, επί w. dat. Present, to he present, πάρειμι. Proceed, πορεύομαι. Promise, ύπισχνεομαι. Propitious, ΐλεως. Punishment, δίκη. Put, τίΖημι. Put to death, άπο• κτείνω. Q. Quiet, ήσυχος. R. Bank, τάξις. Eather, φαλλοί/. Kescue by entreaty, εξαιτεω. Restore, κατάγω. Revenue, δασμός. River, ποταμός. Road, οδός. Round about, περί. Row, see Rank. Rule, άρχω. Ruler, άρχων. Sake, for the sake of, υπέρ w. the gen. Same, ό αυτός. Satrap, σατράπης. Saw, εϊδον ; see όράω. Sea, θάλασσα, Att. %άλαττα. Seem^ seem expedient, δόκεω; usu. impers. δοκεΐ. Seize, αίρεω. Self, αυτός. Send, πέμπω. Send away, αττο- π'εμπω. Send for, μεταπεμπο- μαι. Send orders, παραγγελ' λω'. ' 130 GENERAL VOCABULARY. Set, ΐστημι. Set off, άφίστημι. Shadow, σκιά. Shepherd, ποιμήν. Short, βραχύς. Silver, άργυρος. Silver, of silver, αργυρούς. Slay, άποκτείνω. Slow, βραδύς. Small, μικρός. So, ούτως. So as, so that, ώστε. Soldier, στρατιώτης. Some, Tij/e's. Some . . . others, oi peu . . . ol be. Son, υιό?, πάϊς. Stand, Ζστηκα. Stand apart, διεστηκα. Stand off, άφίστηκα. Steward, ταμίας. Stone, Xi'Sor. Stream, ρόος, ρυϋς Street, οδός. Strife, €ρις. Sufficient, Ικανός. Support, τροφή. Suppose, νομίζω. Sweet, ηδύς. Swift, ταχύς. τ. Take, λαμβάνω, αϊρίω. Take un- der one's protection, νπολαμ- βάνω. Temple, νεως. Tent, σκηνή. Testament, διαΖήκη. Than, ij. That (pron.), (κύνος ; (as de- clarative conj.) on, ως] (as final conj.) Ίνα, ως. Then, at that time, rare. Think, νομίζω. This, ούτος, οδε. Thracian, Θράξ. Thus, ούτω, όντως. Time, fitting time, καιρός. To, towards, «n w. the ace, προς w. acc. Tongue, γλώσσα, Att. γλώττα. Trouble, πράγματα. True, άλη%ής. Trumpet, σάλπιγξ. Truth, αλήθεια. Try, πειράω. υ. Understand, know how, (πίστα* μαι. Unprepared, άπαράσκενος. Until, προσόν .... πριν. Upon, ini w. dat. Upward, ανω. Vine, άμπελος. Voyage, πλόος, πλον*. w. Wages, pay, μισθός. Wagon, άμαξα. Wall, τείχος. Want, δέομαι. Watchman, φύλαζ. Water, νδωρ. Way, οδός. GREEK — ENGLISH. 131 Well, φρεαρ. Whatever, ο τι. Where (relat. adv.), ov. Whether, ει. Who, relat. 6s ; interrog. τις. Whoeve?, όστις. Wholly, παντάπασιν. Why, τΐ ; Wide, svpi-;. Width, ^eos. Wise, σοφός. Wish, βούλομαι. With, by the side of, παρά w. dat. ; in company with, συν. Work, έργον. Worthy, άξιος ; to think worthy αξιόω. Yet, μει GREEK— ENGLISH. A. αγαθός, ή, όν, good. άγαμαι, άγάσομαι, ήγάσθην, rare ήγασάμην, to admire, to es- teem, αδελφός, οΰ, 6, a "brother. άδικεω, ώ, -ήσω (fr. άδικος un- just), to act unjustly, w. an ace. to injure. αεί, adv. always. αθροίζω, αθροίσω, κτε. (fr. αθρόος assembled), to assemble. αιρεω, ω, -ήσω, εΐλον, βρήκα, $ρη- μαι, γιρ&ην, to taJce, to seize. Mid. to take for one's self, to choose. αισθάνομαι, αϊσθήσομαι, ήσθόμην, χισθημαι, ίο perceive, to become aware of. ακούω, άκούσομαι, ηκουσα, άκή- κοα, ήκονσμαι, ήκουσθην, to hea/)\ 6 ακρόπολις, ακροπόλεως, η (άκρος highest; πόλις city), an acro- polis, a citadel. αληθής, es, true. αλήθεια, ας, η (fr. αληθής), truth, άμαξα, ης, ή, a wagon, άμπελος, αμπέλου, ή, a vine. άμφί, about, around. άμφοτερω, άμφοτεροιν, both. άν, Gr. 873. αναβαίνω (ανά, βαίνω), άναβήσο- μαι, άνεβην, άναβεβηκα (άναβή- σω and άνεβησα are causative), to go up. άνήρ, ανδρός, , ό, Latin vir, a man. άνθρωπος, ου, 6, Latin homo, a human being, a man. αντί, prep. w. gen. only, in front of, instead of, in preference to. άντιστασιώτης, ov, ό (αντί againfit^ 132 GENERAL VOCABULARY. στάσις a party, and that fr. ΐστημι to set), an opponent. άνω, adv. (fr. άνά up), upward. άξίνη, ης, η, an axe. άξιος, αξία, άξιον, worthy. άξιόω, ω, -ωσω, κτέ. to deem wor- thy, to demand. άπαράσκ^υος, ov (a priv. πάρα' σκευή a preparation), unpre- pared. απ€ΐμι (από away ; f Γ /xt to go), to go away. Usu. as fat. of απέρχομαι. απέρχομαι (από away; άρχομαι to go), άπελεύσομαι, USU. άπει- μι, άπηΧ^ον, άπέλήΧν^α, to go away. άπό, prep. w. gen. only, from, away from; sometimes de- noting means, άπό τούτων των χρημάτων, with these treas- ures. άποδύκνυμι (άπό forth,δeίκvvμι to show), to show forth, publish, appoint. αποδίδω μι (άπό away, in full ; δίδωμι to give), to pay in full, to pay what is due. αποθνήσκω (άπό denoting depar- ture, %νήσκω to die), άπο%ανοΰ- μαι, άπ&ανον, άποτ&νηκα, to die. άποκτΰνω (άπό denoting depar- ture, κτ(Ίνω to ΜΙΐ), άποκτΰνω, άπέκτεινα, άπέκτονα, to put to death, Mil, slay. αποπέμπω (άπό away, πέμπω to send), αποπέμψω, απέπεμψα, άποπέπομφα, to send away, άργυρος, ov, 6, silver, αργυρούς, pa, ροΐιν, of silver, άρμα, άρματος, τό, a chariot. Αρταξέρξης, ου, δ, Artaxerxes, king of Persia. apxhi "fa hi beginning, command, government, province. άρχω, άρξω, ηρξα, ηρχα, ηργμαι, ήρχ^ην, to begin, ίο govern, rule, command. άρχων, οντος, ό, a ruler, com- mander. ατιμάζω (a priv., τίμη honor), ατιμάσω, ητίμασα, ητίμακα, ητίμασμαι, ητιμάσ^ην, to dis~ honor ; pass, to be dishonor- ed. αυτός, η, ο, intens. pron. self; preceded by the article, the same; in the oblique cases, and not in apposition with a noun or pron., him, her, it, them. άφίημι (άπό away, ΐημι to send), άφησω, άφηκα, άφύκα, άφΰμαι, άφύΖην, to send away, let go, dismiss. άφικνέομαι, οϋμαι, άφίξομαι, άφιγ• μαι, άφικόμην, to arrive, άφίστημι (άπό, ΐστημι), άποστησω, άπέστησα, 'πέστην, [άφέστηκα, άφέσταμαι, άπεστά^ην, to Jjlace away, remove. In the pf., plupf., fut. pf., and 2d aor. act. ; in the pass., and in the GREEK ENGLISH. 133 fiit. mid., to stand away, icilh- draic. αχϊομαι (fr. αχΖος a burden), άχ^έσομαι, ηχ%έσ%ην, to be bur- dened, to be displeased. B. βα%ύς, εϊα, υ, deep. βάρβαρος, ου, ό, a barbarian foreigner. βαρύς, εϊα, ύ, heavy. βασιλεία, ας, ή, a kingdom. βασιλεύς, έως, ό, a king. βασιλεύω, ίυ'σω, κτε. to be king, to reign. βελτίων, βέλτιον, COinp. of αγα- θός, better. βίος, ου, ό, life. βουλεύω, εύσω, κτε. to take coun- sel ; mid. to take one's own counsel, to deliberate. βούλομαι, βουλησομαι, βεβούλη- μαι, έβουλή^ην, to Wish. βους, βοάς, 6 or η. an ox, or COW. βραδύς, βραδεία, βραδύ, slow. βραχύς, βραχεία, βραχύ, short. Γάλα, ■γάλακτος, ro,,milk. γέρων, γέροντος, 6, an old man. •γη, -γης, ή, the earth, the land; κατά yrjv, by land. Ύΐ]λοφος, ου, ό (fr. yrj, λόφος, an eminence), an earth-mound, a hill, yiyvopai, γενησομαι, γεγένημαι or yiyova, έγενόμην, to come into being, to be iom, to become, γλώσσα, Att. γλώττα, ης, η, a tongue, a ~ δαπανάω, ω, -ησω, κτε. (δαπάνη expense), to expend; w. άμφί and ace. to expend one's re- sources on. δαρεικός % ου, ό (Δαρείος), a Daric, a Persian gold coin first is- sued by Darins I. ; hence the name ; worth about $3.50. Δαρείος, ου, b, DoriUS, king of Persia. δασμός, ου, ό (δαίω to divide), rev- enue, tribute. δεσπότης, ου, ό, a master. δέω, δεήσω, εδέησα, δεδέηκα, δε- δέημαι, έδεή%ην, to need j mid. to want, to entreat. διό, w. gen. through; w. ace. on account of. διαβάλλω (διά through, asunder ; βάλλω to cast), διαβάλω, διέ- βαλον, διαβέβληκα, διαβέβλη- μαι, διεβεβλήΖην, to calum- niate. διαθήκη, ης, η, a testament. δίατί^ημι (διά apart; τί%ημι to put), δια%ήσω, διέ%ηκα, διατέ- %εικα, διατέ^ειμαι, διετέ%ηι>, to put apart, to dispose. διίστημι (διά apart ; Ίστημι to set), διαστησω, διέστησα, διίσ- την, διέστηκα, διέσταμαι } διεστά- 134 GENERAL VOCABULARY. 3771/, to set apart; in the in- trans. tenses and in the pass, and mid., to stand apart. δίκη, η5, 17, justice, punishment. δοκίω. ω, δόξω, (δόξα, δίδογμαι, to seem, to seem expedient. δυναμαι, δυνήσομαι, δεδνρημαι, ΐδν- νίρην ΟΓ ήδυνή^ην, to he able. δύναμις, (ως, ή, power, military power, forces. δυο, two. δωρον, ου, τό, a gift. Ε. el, if; w. indie, or optat. elbov, aor. of όράω. elpi, see Gr. to be; w. gen. to belong to. (Ιμι, see Gr. to go. Usu. as fut. of Έρχομαι, els, μία, ev, one. els, w. acc. only, into, among. ίίσβιμι (els, et/xi to go), to go into. e\, before a vowel Έξ, w. gen. only, out of, from. Έκβάλλω (eK, βάλλω, βάλω, Έβα- \ον, βίβληκα, βίβλημαι, Έβλή- 3^ι/, to cast), to cast out, to ex- pel. (Kelvos, η, ο, that. Ικπίπτω (('κ, πίπτω, π€σονμαι, enevov, πίπτωκα), to fall out, to be expelled ; 6 Έκπςπτωκώς, he who has been expelled, the exile. Έλλά?, άδος, η, Hellas, Greece. Έλπίς, Ίδος, ή, JiOpe. ev, w. dat. only, in, among. ef -αιτίω, ω, -ησω (e£, enre'eo to ash), to beg off, to rescue by one's entreaties. eVt', on, upon ; w. dat. depending on, in the power of; w. acc. to, towards, against. Έπιβονλ(υω («π, βουλβύω to take counsel), to plot against, w. dat. επιβουλή, ης, ή, a plot. Έπιδείκννμι (βπί, δ€ίκννμι to show), to sTww, to exhibit. έπιμ€λ€ομαι, οΰμαι, and Έπιμίλο- μαι (έπί, μελομαι to care), Έπι- μ€\ήσομαι, Έπιμ€μελημαι, eVe- μίλήΖην, to care for, pay at- tention to, w. gen. Έπίσταμαι, ϊπιστήσομαι, ήπιστή- %ην, to be acquainted with, to Tcnow how. Ιπιτ'&ημι (eVrt, τβημι), Έπι^ησω, *π&ηκα, ίπιτ&ςικα, enir&ei- μαι, ίπετ&ην, to place upon / of punishment (δίκην) to in- flict. Έργον, ov, τό, a worlc. epis, ιδος, ή, a strife. evvo'U&s (ev well, voos, mind), in a friendly manner. fupos (οος), ους, τό, width. €υρύς, ela, ν, wide. Έχω, Έξω ΟΓ σχήσω, Έσχον, Έσχη- κα, Έσχημαι, ίσχ&ην, to have, to hold. Intrans. to exist, to be ; euvo'iicous e'xeiv, to befriend* ly, w. dat. of person. GREEK ENGLISH. 135 Η. ή, or ; with the comparative de- gree, than. ήδη, already, note, at once. ηδίς, εϊα, v, sweet, delicious, pleasant. ήκω, ήξω ; the pres. is often pf. in meaning ; and the impf. is often used as aor., am come, am here, have arrived. ήμερα, ας, η, a day. ήν=έάν, if, used only w. the suh- junc. ήπειρος, ου, η, mainland, conti- nent. ήρως, ήρωος, 6, a hero. ήσυχος, ov, quiet. θάλασσα, Att. Ζάλαττα, ης, η, the sea. θάνατος, θανάτου, 6, death. θαυμάζω, ^αυμάσομαι, rare θαυ- μάσω, θαύμασα, τ&ανμακα, τ&ανμασμαι, ε^αυμάσ^ην, in- trans. to iconder ; trans, to wonder at, to admire. 3βό$•, ου, 6 or 17, a god, or god- dess. 3ί7Ρ, Ζηρός, <5, a wild least. θόρυβος, θορύβου, 6, a noise. θραζ, θρακός,ό, a Thracian. 3p/£, τριχός, η ; often used in the plur. where we use the singular, hair. %υγάτηρ, τρός, ή, a daughter. ^5 υ pa, ας, ή, a door. %ώραξ, θώρακος, 6, a breast-plate. ιερεύς, «ωϊ, 6, a priest. Ικανός, η, όν, sufficient, able, ΐλεως, ων, propitious. ΐνα, a final conj., that, in order that. Ιππος, ου, ό, a horse. Ιχ%ύς, ύος, ό, a fish. 'Ιωνικός, η, όν, Ionian. Κ καΖίστημι (κατά doicn, Ίστημι to set, Gr. 403, 5), to set doicn, to establish. In the intrans. tenses, to become established. και, and, also, even. καιρός, ov, 6, a fitting time. κακός, η, όν, bad, wicked. καλίω, ω, καλέσω ΟΓ καλώ, έκα λεσα, κέκληκα, κεκλημαι, έκλη- δην, to call, summon. Pass. to be called, named. κάλλος, εος, ους, τό, beauty. καλός, ή, όν, beautiful, honor- able. καρποφόρος, ov (κάρπος fruit, φέ- ρω to bear), fruit-bearing, fertile. Καστωλός, ov, 6, Castolus. κατά, prep. w. gen. or ace-, doicn, along ; κατά γήν, by land. κατάγω (κατά down, baclc / ay ω to lead), κατάξω, κατηγαγον, κατή- 130 GENERAL VOCABULARY. χα, κατηγμαι, κατηχ^ην, to lead back, to restore. <ατάκ€ΐμαι {κατά down, κεϊμαι to He), κατακείσομαι, κατεκείμην, to lie down, to lie still. καταλύω (κατά down, λύω to loose), to dissolve ; καταλύσαι προς W. the ace. to come to an agree- ment with. κελεύω, κελεύσω, εκελευσα, κεκε- λευκα, κεκελευσμαι, εκελεύσ^ην, to order, Md. κέρας, κέρατος and κερως, τό, a horn. κήρυξ or κ-ηρυξ, κήρνκος, 6, a he- rald. κίνδυνος, κινδύνου, 6, danger. κινδυνεύω, -εύσω, κτε. to incur danger, κριτής, ού, 6, a judge. Κύρος, ον,ό, Cyrus. λαμβάνω, ληψομαι, ελα(Βον, ε'ίλη- φα, ε'ίλημμαι, εληφ^ην, to take. λανθάνω, λησω, ελα^ον, λελη^α, λίλησμαΓ, trans, to elude, to escape the notice of; intrans. to le concealed. With a parti- cip. often translated as adv. secretly ; while the particip. is translated as a verb. λέαινα, λεαίνης, η, a lioness, λέων, λέοντος, 6, a lion. λ(ώς, λεώ, <5, people. \ί'Λος, ου, ό, a stone. Μ μακρός, ά, όν, long, μάλλον, more, rather ; compara- tive Of μάλα. μάχη, ης, η, battle. μέγας, μεγάλη, μίγα, large, great. μέγεθος, ους, τό, greatness, size. μείζων, μείζον, greater, larger ; comparative of μέγας . μεν, Gr. 862, a. μεντοι, indeed, truly ; yet, how- ever. μέλας, μέλαινα, μελαν, hlack, μέλι, μέλιτος, τό, honey, μεταπεμπομαι (μετά, πέμπω to send), usu. as mid. dep., to send for. μή, not. Gr. 832. μήκος, ους, τό, length, μην, μηνός, 6, a month, μήτηρ, μητρός, η, a mother, μικρός, ά, όν, Small. Μίλητος, ου, ή, Miletus. μισθός, οΰ, 6, pay, wages. Μούσα, ης, η, a Muse, μύριοι, at, a, ten thousand. Ν ναύς, νεώς, η (akin to νεω to swim ; Lat. navis), a ship. νεανίας, ου, 6, a young man (fr. νέος). νέος, a, ov, new, young. νέφος, ους, τό, a cloud. νεώς, νεώ, 6, a temple. νήσος, ου, η, an island. GREEK ENGLISH. 137 νομίζω, νομίσω, ΟΓ νομιώ, ενόμισα, νενόμικα, νενόμισμαι, ενομίσ- %ψ, to think, suppose. νόμος, ον, 6, law, order, arrange- ment (fr. νέμω, to regulate), νους, νοΰ, 6, mind. νϋξ, νυκτός, η, night. ξενικόν, οΰ, τό {ξένος), a merce- nary or foreign force. ξένος, ου, ό, a guest or host, a stranger, foreign soldier. ode, ήδε, τάδε, this. οδός, οϊ>, ή, a way, road, street. οι'5α, ε'ίσομαι, rjbav ΟΓ γδη, to Tcnow. ο'ίκαδε (οίκος house, home, δε enclit. towards), homewards, home, οϊκεω, ω, -ησω, κτε. to live, dwell. οΙκία, ας, ή, a house, οίνος, ου, ό, wine, όνομα, ονόματος, τό, a name, οπλίτης, ου, 6, a heavy-armed soldier, a hoplite. όπως, how, in what manner; that, in order tliat. όράω, ω, οψομαι, είδον, εώρακα, εώράμαι, ΟΓ ωμμαι ; ωφ^ην, to see. όρνις, ορνϊΖος, 6 ου η, a bird ; esp. a cock, or hen. 6ρος $ ορούς, τό, a mountain. ος, η, ο, who, which. όσος, η, ον, as much as, as many as. όστις, ήτις, ο,τι, or ο τι, whoever, any one who, whichever, what- ever. όστουν, ου, τό, a bone. οτι, that, because. ου, before a vowel with smooth breathing ουκ, before an aspi- rate, ουχ, not. οΰ, where. ουδείς, ουδεμία, ούδεν, no one J neut. nothing. ούτος, αυτή, τοΰτο, this, that. ούτω, thus, so, in this manner ; usu. denoting what precedes. οφθαλμός, ου, ό, an eye. Π παις, παιδός, ό or 17, a child; masc. a son. πάλιν, hack, again, hack again, παντάπασιν (πάντα, πάσιν), whol- ly. παρά, w. gen. from ; w. dat. by the side of, near; w. ace. to the side of, near, along by. παραγγέλλω (παρά along, άγγελ- λω to announce), to send or- ders. παραγίγνομαι (παρά along, γίγ- νομαι to become), παραγενήσο- μαι, παρεγενόμην, παραγεγονα, and παραγεγενημαι, to arrive. παράδεισος, παραδείσου, ό (a Per- sian word), a park. 138 GENERAL VOCABULARY. πάρειμι (παρά, ειμί), to he present, to arrive. παρέχω (παρά, εχω which, see), to furnish, provide; πράγματα παρεχειν, to give trouble. πάς, πάσα, πάν, παντός, πάσης, παντός, every, all. πατήρ, πατρός, 6, a father. παύω, παύσω, έπαυσα, πεπαυκα, πεπαυμαι, επαύσθην, to cause to cease, to stop ; mid. to cease. πεδίον, ου, τό, a plain. πείθω, πείσω, Έπεισα, πεπεικα, πεπεισμαι, επείσθην, to per- suade ; mid. to obey. πειράω, ω, -άσω, κτε. HSU. mid. dep. πειράομαι, -ωμαι, πειράσο- μαι, επειρασόμην, to try, at- tempt. περί, w. gen. concerning; w. dat. around ; ol περί τίνα, those around any one, attendants. περιγίγνομαι (περί, γίγνομαι), πε- ριγενησομαι, περιεγενόμην, πε- ριγεγονα ΟΓ περιγεγίνημαι, to become superior to, to surpass. πηγή, ης, η, a so urce, fountain. πλήθος, ους, τό, a multitude. (Akin to πολύς.) πλην, except. πλήρης, ρες,βΐΙΙ. (Akin to πο- λύς.) πλόων, ου, τό, a boat, a trans- port. (Akin to πλίω to sail.) πνονς, ov, υ (πλέω to sail), a sailing, voyage. ποιμην, ενός, ό, a shepherd. πολέμιος, ίου, 6, an enemy (in war). (Fr. πόλεμος.) πόλεμος, ου, ό, war. πόλις, εως, η, a city. πολίτης, ου, 6 (πόλις), a citizen. πολύς, πολλή, πολύ, much ; plur. many. πονηρός, ρά, ρόν, base, wicked. (Fr. πόνος.) πόνος, ου, 6, labor, toil. (Fr. πενω ΟΓ πένομαι to toil.) πορεύω, εΰσω, κτε. to convey; USU. pass. dep. πορεύομαι, -εΰ- σομαι, πεπόρευμαι, επορεύθην, to proceed. (Fr. πόρος, a pas- saged) πόρρω, forwards, further; w. gen. far from. ποταμός, οΰ, 6, a river. (Akin to ποτόν drink.) πράγμα, ατός, τό (πράττω), a thing done, a deed; plur. af- fairs, difficulties. πρεσβύτερος, a, ov, older. πρό, prep. w. gen. only, before, in front of. προαισθάνομαι (πρό, αισθάνομαι, αίσθησομαι, γσθόμην, ^σθημαι), to perceive beforehand, to be aware of beforehand. προΐστημι (πρό, "ιστημι, στήσω, έστησα, εστην, Ζστηκα, εσταμαι, εστάθην), to set before; in the intrans. tenses, to stand before, to command, w. the gen. προς, prep. w. gen. dat. or ace. With gen. by, on the part of, GREEK ENGLISH. 139 in keeping with ; w. dat. near, in addition to ; with ace. to, towards, in respect to, against. προσόν, "before ; πρόσ%εν .... πριν, until. πρόφασις, εως, ή, a pretence. ρητωρ, ρητορος, 6, an orator, ρους, ρου, ό, a current, stream. (Fr. ρεω to flow) σάλπιγξ, σάλπιγγος, ή, a trumpet. Σάρδεις, εων, αί, SardlS. σατράπης, ου, 6, a satrap ; a Per- sian governor of a province. σκηνή, ης, ή, a tent. σκιά, ας, ή, a shadow. σοφός, η, όν, wise. στέφανος, ου, 6, a crown. στόμα, στόματος, τό, a mouth. στράτευμα, ατός, τό, an army. στρατεύω, -εύσω, κτε. (στρατός, an army), to male an expedi- tion ; mid. (subjective), to male an expedition (with one's own resources), a' ? Tiva,against any one ; to ~be engaged in military operations. στρατηγός, ου, ό, a general. στρατιώτης, ου, ό, a soldier. συγγίγνομαι (σύν, γίγνομαι, which see), to be with, to associate with, w. dat. συλλαμβάνω (συν and λαμβάνω, which see), to take together, to seize, apprehend. συλλέγω (σύν, λέγω to gather), συλλέξω, συνέλεξα, συνείλοχα, συνειλεγμαι, συνελεγην, to ga- ther together, to collect. συμβάλλω (σύν, βάλλω to cast) συμβάλω, συνέβαλον, συμβε- βληκα, συμβεβλημαι, συνεβλη- %ην, to cast together; mid. (subjective), to contribute (of one's own means). συμβουλεύω (σύν, βουλεύω to take counsel), -εύσω, κτε., to advise ; mid. to get advice for one's self, to confer with, w. dat. συμπάς, σύμπασα, σύμπαν (σύν, πάς), a strengthened form of πάς ', all together. συμπράττω (σύν, πράττω to do), συμπράξω, συνεπραξα, συμπε- πραχα, συμπεπραγμαι, σννε- πράχΖην, to do with (any one), to cooperate with, w. dat. σύν, prep. w. dat. only, with, in company with. σώμα, σώματος, τό, a hody. ταμίας, ου, υ, a steward. τάξις, εως, η (τάττω to arrange), a rank, line, esp. of soldiers. ταχύς, eia, ύ, quick. τε, enclit. conjunc, and; τε . . . και, loth . . . and. τείχος, ους, τό, a wall. 140 GENERAL VOCABULARY. τί ; ^eut. of τ is ; why ? Τιμή, ης, ή, honor. τις ; τί ; interrog. pron. who ? which? what? τις, ri, indef. pron. enclit., some one, something, any one, any thing. Tore, then, at that time, τρέφω, %ρεψω, έδρεψα, τετροφα, τ&ραμμαι, ετράφην, to nourish, support, τριακόσιοι, αι, a, three hundred, τροφή, ης, η (τρέφω to nourish), nourishment, support, τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ετυχον, τετύ- χηκα, to hit, meet ; often w. a particip. and rendered, to hap- pen, by chance. ύδωρ, ύδατος, τό, water. υπάρχω {υπό under, άρχω to be- gin), to favor, w. dat. υπέρ, prep. w. gen. or ace. ; w. gen. for, in behalf of; w. ace. over, beyond. ΰπισχνεομαι, ουμαι (υπό under, ϊσχω = εχω to have, to hold), υποσχησομαι, υπεσχόμην, υπ'εσ- χημαι, to promise. υπό, prep. w. gen. dat. or ace. ; w. gen. under; by denoting the agent ; w. dat. under, sub- ject to ; w. ace. under, usu. \v. a verb of motion. ΰπολαμβάνω {υπό, λαμβάνω,\\η\θ\\ see), to take under one's pro- tection, to receive, ΰψος, ους, τό, height. φάλαγξ, φάλαγγας, η, a line of battle, a phalanx. φεύγω, φεΰξοααι, ΟΙ' φευξονμαι, εφυγον, πεφευγα, to fee / ό φεύγων, the one who fees, the fugitive. φημ'ι, φησω USU. ερω, είπα ΟΓ είπον, ε'ίρηκα, εϊρημαι, έρρή^ην, to say, speah, affirm, φιλία, ας, ή, friendship, φίλιος, ία, ιον, friendly . φίλος, ου, 6, a friend, φρεαρ, ατός, τό, a well, φυγάς, ados, ό (φεύγω to flee), a fugitive, an exile. φύλαξ, ακος, ό, a guard, a watch- man. φυλάσσω, Att. φυλάττω, φυλάξω, εφΰλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγ- μαι, εφυλάχ^ην, to guard. φως, φωτός, τό, light. χαρίεις, χαρίεσσα, χαρίεν (χάρις), graceful. χάρις, χάριτος, η, grace, favor. χρίΐζω, used only in the pros, and imperf. in Attic, to de- sire, wish. χρήμα, ατός, τό (χράομαι to use), a thing used; usu. plur. ?, possessions ; esp. money. GREEK ENGLISH. χρυσός, ου, <5, gold. χρυσούς, η, οΰν (χρυσός), golden. χώρα, ας, ή, a country. ψευδής, (ς, false. 141 ψευδός, ους, τό, the falsehood. ως, as, as if; that, in order that, ώστε, so as, so that, consequent- ly. KECENTLY PUBLISHED BY S. C GRIGGS & CO., CHICAGO, THE FIRST SIX BOOKS HOMER'S ILIAD. WITH EXPLANATOBY NOTES INTENDED F03 BEGINNE3S IN THE EPIO DIALECT ACCOMPANIED WITH NtTMEEOlJS BEFEEENCES TO HADLEY'S GEEEK GEAMMAE, TO KUHNEB'S LABGEB GEEEK GEAMMAE, AND GOODWIN'S MOODS AND TENSES. BY JAMES E. BOISE, Professor of Greek in the University of Chicago, Editor of Xenophon's Anabasis, &c, &c. Price $1.75. Mailed, Postage paid, on Receipt of Price. OPINIONS OF DISTINGUISHED EDUCATORS. No Educational Book ever received stronger commendations from those educators whose verdict is considered final, than professor Boise's First Six Books of Homer's Iliad. Attention is invited to a part of those received. From Professor A. Harkness, Brown University, R. I. " I take pleasure in expressing to you my high appreciation of its accuracy and value. I congratulate you on the success with which you have accomplished your difficult task. You seem to have been fortunate in combining the essential requisites of a good edition of Homer. The work is evidently the fruit, not only of ripe and critical scholarship, but also of large and successful experience in the classroom. It cannot fail, I think, to be abundantly useful." From Professor James Hadlet, Yale College, Conn. " You have no reason to deprecate a close and searching criticism. If, in writing for beginners, you have carefully confined yourself to that which will be intelligible and useful to them, that is the highest praise of 2 OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD {continued). the book and of its author. But only the dullest critic could fail to set that the work implies knowledge and learning much beyond what it un- dertakes to communicate, and could never have been written by one who was not profoundly versed in the language and the poet. I shall be much surprised if it does not meet with a warm reception from teachers of Greek, and gain a widely-extended circulation." From Dr. A. C. Kendrick, University of Rochester, Ν. Y. " It is a work prepared with great care and fidelity, and is marked by the exact and thorough scholarship and sound judgment which are to be expected from Professor Boise's long experience and high reputation as a classical instructor. I shall feel happy in doing all I can to com- mend it to the notice and use of students in Greek." From E. 0. Ha vex, President of the University of Michigan. " Dr. Boise's edition of the First Six Books of Homer's Iliad deserves universal use in our schools, because the text is as perfect as the most advanced scholarship of the time can make it ; because the notes call attention to all the difficulties in the way of students, and show them by the proper use of their Grammars and Dictionaries they can overcome them, or if this is impracticable, the notes directly remove the difficulties." From Professor A. J. Huntingtox, Columbian College, Washington, D. C. * * " I have admired on every page the beauty of the typographical execution. In regard to the literary character of the work, it seems to me that Professor Boise has surpassed himself. All who are familiar with his Anabasis would open this edition of Homer expecting to see the fruits of thorough scholarship. The notes are sufficiently exhaustive and are entirely reliable. The copious references to the excellent grammars of Kiihner and Hadley, and to other sources of needful information, are of great value. I am sure this edition will do much to promote, in our country, the study of, perhaps, the greatest uninspired poet, and the no- blest language the world has produced." From Br. James B. Angell, LL. D., University of Vermont. " The thorough scholarship of Professor Boise is so well known to me that whenever I take up one of his books I confidently expect to find in it the proofs and fruits of most careful study, and nicest critical acu- men, and of practical acquaintance with the real needs of the American OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD (continued). 3 student. The expectation with which I opened his edition of the First Six Books of Homer's Iliad, was fully met on examination of the work. The questions of how, and how much, the pupil should be helped and guided, are, in my judgment, most wisely and happily answered in this volume." From Professor Philander Wiley, Indiana Asbury University. " I make it a rule to test fairly and satisfactorily every work before I endorse it. I have used Clark, Anthon, Felton, and others, and I am now ready to say, without hesitancy, that I prefer this issue of your press to any of them. I have used it with my classes. In notes and references the professor seems to have adopted a just medium, giving some aid, but leaving the student to fix and render permanent his knowledge by some effort in its acquisition." From Professor W. W. Goodwin, Harvard University, Mass. 11 1 can see that it is a most valuable contribution to classical learning, and I trust it will have all the success which it most certainly deserves." From Professor Geo. W. Bliss, Lewisburg University, Penn. " I do not see how a more judicious and every way satisfactory edition of that portion of the Iliad could be desired." From Professor A. N. Arnold, Madison University, Hamilton, Ν. Y., now in the University of Chicago. " Your Greek type is beautiful, and the book, as a whole, more than satisfies — it delights the eye. I congratulate the Chicago University and the Chicago Press on the issue of this scholarly commentary and beauti- ful book." From Professor W. A. Stevens, Denison University, Granville, Ohio. " Immediately after its appearance I decided, on examination, to intro- duce it here. Our Freshman Class have used it during the present Spring term. Allow me to say — although my testimony can hardly have an equal value with that, doubtless, received from teachers of longer experi- ence — that the test of recitation-room use fully confirms my first impres- sion regarding it. We have reason to thank you for supplying a long- felt deficiency, and relieving us from the employment of — I need not say what text books." 4 OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD (continued). From Professor N. L. Andrews, Madison University, Hamilton, N". Y. u Professor Bote's First Six Books of Homer's Iliad is an admirable drill-book for beginners in the Epic dialect. * * * The numerous refer- ences to grammar and lexicon are a decided merit. * * * I shall recom- mend the work to my classes." From Professor Amos ML Ccrrier, Iowa State University. " The notes are full, precise, and admirably adapted to the wants of the student, The author has wisely chosen to instruct the pupil in the art of self-acquirement, instead of furnishing all needed information ready for instant use. The mechanical execution of the work is unex- celled. I shall adopt the work next year." From Professor R. H. Mather, Amherst College, Mass. 14 1 always welcome any thing from Professor Boise's classical study, for he never gives forth any thing without careful study and mature thought. Bis works need no 'puffing;' they do that for themselves, and I have no doubt this book will have a large sale. * * * Allow me to add that I am glad so excellent a contribution to the study of Greek should be edited and published with such beautiful type, paper, and bind- ing in the— to say the least — unancient city of Chicago." From Professor Henry W. Hayxes, University of Vermont. "It is just the kind of text-book I desire, from which to teach Homer. The notes supply precisely the assistance required by the average scholar for the careful study of the author, and no more. They seem designed to save the teacher's time in the recitation-room for a different kind of instruction than in grammatical niceties and epic forms of words." From Professor J. C. Van Beuscholix, Wesley an Universi'y, Conn. " Boise's Homer, like Boise's Xenophon's Anabasis, is a superior text- book. His text is safe, in beautiful type — thanks to the publishers. His notes are of the tonic sort, critical, genial." From Professor Oval Pirxey, Christian University, Canton, Mo. "I am greatly pleased with Professor Boise's Homer's Uiad. It is delightful." OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD (continued). 5 From Professor J. B. Foster, Colby University, Waterville, Maine. " I am greatly pleased with the book. The scholarly, judicious, and conscientious performance of the editorial work, with the neatness and beauty of the mechanical execution, combine to render it all that could be reasonably desired in a text-book of the kind. I shall at once recom- mend it for use in this institution." From Professor , Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Ν. Ή. " It is very beautifully printed, and it is a pleasure to study such a text. The notes, also, are scholarly and accurate, neither too many nor too few. They furnish just the help the student, in the early part of his course, needs. I shall recommend the book to our pupils." From Professor Merrick Lyon, University Grammar School, Providence, R. 1. " The notes are clear, concise, and accurate, evincing ripe scholarship and a full apprehension of the difficulties that confront the student as he enters upon the study cf epic poetry, and rendering such aid as will en- able him to make rapid and thorough progress. The mechanical execu- tion is all that could be desired, and the book will, doubtless, add new lustre to the brilliant reputation of its accomplished editor." From Professor E. P. Boxd, Principal Conn. Lit. Inst., Suffield, Conn. " I am very much pleased with it as far as I have gone — have followed the notes through the First and Second Books, and find them remarkably accurate, scholarly, and apt, meeting the wants of the pupil, clearly ex- pressing what needed to be said, yet very brief and appropriate. The clear and distinct type is pleasant to the eye. I congratulate you on adding to your list of publications so valuable a text-book, and shall recommend it to the next class to whom I shall give instruction in Homer's Iliad." From Professor Joseph L. Daniels, Olivet College, Michigan. 11 The convenient size and beautiful finish of the book, the clear text, the terse notes and grammatical references to those three standard au- thorities, all please me. We shall introduce it here next term." From Professor H. 0. Newcomb, EuveJca College, Illinois. " I do not hesitate to pronounce it the best edition of the ' Iliad ' for Schools and Colleges which I have met with. I find the notes very satis- OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD {continued). factory ; they are not paraphrases upon the text, which are but an injury to the student, but they are accurate, reliable aids to him, calculated to conduce to his habits of investigation and thoroughness. I am pleased with the mechanical execution of the work. It does credit to its distin- guished author and the enterprising firm of S. C. Griggs & Co. We are using Professor Boise's edition of the ' Anabasis,' and will introduce thia Spring his edition of Homer's ' Biad.' " From Professor Henry F. Scott, Chestnut Hill Academy, Philadelphia, Pa. " I have examined carefully the 'First Six Books of Homer's Iliad,' edited by Professor Boise, and am satisfied that it is superior to any book of the kind before the American public. For advanced students, either in the school or university, the book is invaluable. With regard to the execution of the book, I will only say that there is nothing wanting to make it a complete book in every respect. The paper, type and binding, all unite to form one of the best-looking classical books yet published in this country." From Professor Hale Harrison, Master in St. PauVs School, Concord, A 7 ". H. " Professor Boise's edition of the First Six Books of the Iliad is an admirable, scholarly work. The references to the Grammars seem to be careful and elaborate. The notes are pithy and clear, going right to the point, without any waste of words. They are of that sort which encour- age investigation, and teach the student, who is willing to work, how to study, while they do not supply him with that sort of information which, to be of any value, should be hunted out by the learner himself from his grammar and his dictionary." From Professor W. C. Collar, Latin School, Roxbury, Mass. " I have examined Professor Boise's First Six Books of the Iliad with care, and am glad to testify emphatically to its merits. It is, in my opinion, by far the best edition of the Iliad for school use that has ever appeared in this country. It contains the proper amount of help for the pupil, and help of the right sort ; and for teachers to whom the latest and best fruits of German scholarship are inaccessible, it cannot fail to prove a most useful aid. I shall introduce it at once into this school." OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD (continued). From Professor L. Kistler, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. " Having looked with some care through this school edition of the Iliad, I can say that it comes just at the right time to be appreciated. The text and notes are free from many objectionable features contained in other school editions of this great epic. I think it will prove to be an excellent text-book in the study of Homer. I shall make use of this edition in my classes." From Professor J. B. Sewall, Bowdoin College, Maine. " The appearance of the book is very inviting, and from the method in which I see Professor Boise has conducted his work, I anticipate only gratification from a closer examination. It seems to be a thoroughly scholarly method." From Professor W. A. Packard, Dartmouth College. 1 ■ It is a beautiful text-book in the style of its publication, and, with the scholarly and judicious notes added by Professor Boise, admirably adapted to the wants of students. I hope it will be used in the prepara- tory schools from which our students come, and shall recommend it with From Professor G. W. Shurtleff, Oberlin College, Ohio. " I have examined it carefully and have no doubt it is the best edi- tion ever published for beginners in the study of the epic. Dr. Boise's notes are always judicious, and in the present instance his numerous references to Hadley, Kiihner, and Goodwin are invaluable." From Professor George H. Bliss, Derby Academy, Vermont. " Altogether the best school edition of Homer I have seen. We, of the preparatory schools, owe you a debt of gratitude. I shall look with interest for the appearance of the 'First Greek Book.' " From Professor Oscar Howes, Sliurtleff College, Illinois. " The highly condensed form in which Professor Boise has given us the results of his investigations, will commend itself to every lover of well-digested material. The explanations of grammatical principles and of dialectic forms and usage, both in his own works and by frequent ref- erence to the most approved grammars, are very full and satisfactory, and all reasonable assistance is afforded in translation ; and yet by the sever- est compression the whole has been brought into a compass so small as to 8 OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD (continued). be a matter of surprise. For the study of the epic dialect as such, it is, I think, superior to any edition of Homer accessible to American stu- dents. " The style in which you have published the book is exceedingly neat and elegant, and does you great credit." From Professor Edward North, Hamilton College, New York. " Hereafter I shall be glad to use with my classes your edition of Homer's Iliad, with Professor Boise's notes. These Notes have rare value from the fact that, instead of solving difficulties for the learner, they direct him how to solve them for himself, and thus encourage independence of research and thought. " The daily use of a text-book so beautiful and accurately printed, so compactly and suggestively annotated, will be an excellent promoter of scholarly culture." From Professor W. H. Young, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio. " The text is indeed beautiful, the make of the book unexceptionable, the notes and comments judicious and instructive. I shall try it in my next class in the Hiad." From Professor M. L. D'Ooge, University of Michigan. " I have examined and submitted to the inspection of others ' Boise's Iliad,' published by your house. It is the opinion of all who are compe- tent judges of its merits, that this edition, both in subject matter and mechanical execution, is incomparably superior to any other edition of Homer ever published in this country. The high expectations enter- tained by those who have known of the progress of this work Tiave been fully realized in the judicious and critical notes and grammatical refer- ences, and in the accuracy of the Greek text according to Dindorf. The systematic drill in the peculiarities of the Epic dialect, afforded by a care- ful study of the notes, makes this edition invaluable to beginners in the study of Homer. After a two weeks' trial in my classes, I can confidently assert that to both teacher and pupil this work furnishes a satisfactory means of teaching and studying the Homeric dialect. I know of no other Greek text-book that has so inviting an external appearance, and whose typography and mechanism are so faultless." From Professor William Gammell, Brown University. " I have looked over the volume with great interest and satisfaction. Professor Boise's scholarship is of the very highest order, and his edi- OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILLIAD {continued), 9 torial skill and judgment and completeness are universally appreciated, and nowhere more fully than among the graduates of Brown University .'' From Professor II. L. Watland, Kalamazoo College, Michigan. " Such is my conviction of its value that I have had no hesitation in placing it in our catalogue as the text-book for use in this institution. I am confident that Professor Boise's work will be found as nearly perfect as a work can be." From Professor I. N. Denman, Alliance College, Ohio. " The text is beautiful and remarkably free from typographical errors. The notes are clear, concise, accurate ; sufficiently copious, and yet free from all pedantry. The aim seems to be to meet the learner only when his difficulties are likely to be real, and the author has selected these places with admirable skill. The frequent reference to the grammar must prove of great advantage to both teacher and student. For school pur- poses this is a great advance on any edition of Homer hitherto published in this country, and supplies a marked want in the line of classical text- books." From Professor S. H. Taylor, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. " You have done for the pupil just what he needs, giving him help where it is necessary, and then pointing him to the grammar, where he can gather up, by his own study, the additional assistance he requires. The notes everywhere indicate broad and critical scholarship, and a happy appreciation of the difficulties which need elucidation. It is in every sense a very inviting book, and I shall take pleasure in recommending it to my pupils." From Professor E. Ballantine, Lidiana University, Bloomington, Ind. "lam happy to say that I esteem it highly, and shall recommend it to my classes and use it in my class room." From Professor Η. B. Hackett, Newton, Mass. " What I especially admire in the notes on the Iliad of Homer is that they are so well suited, not only to illustrate the language and usages of Homer, but to enable the student to acquire a knowledge of the Greek language itself, and thus prepare himself for the study of other authors. For brevity, pertinence, and suggestive ness, I regard the notes as a model of classical annotation.'' 1* 10 OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD {continued). From Professor W. S. Tyler, Amherst College, Mass. " I find the notes just what I expected — the right kind in the right places. I am particularly struck with the fulness and yet the brevity and correctness of the grammatical references and illustrations. While they are, of course, accurate, they seem to me also to be eminently judicious. For the use to which these works are chiefly put, viz., that of preparatory students, I do not know how the notes could have been improved." From Professor William Allen, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. " * * * It was only the other day that I was lamenting that there was no American edition of Homer, worthy of the present condition of scholarship, and I was pleased to learn that the want had been supplied by such competent hands. I am glad, too, of this sign that the West is entering the field of the highest culture and scholarship. I have ex- amined the notes of several passages, and they appear to me very judi- cious and correct, just adapted to a scholar at this stage of advancement. I shall not hesitate to recommend this as the best edition of the Iliad for class use ; and I do not doubt it will be very generally adopted." From Professor C. H. Penfield, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. u * * * χ am greatly pleased with the clearness of the type, excel- lence of the paper, and the general appearance of the book. Its me- chanical execution does honor to your house. * * * As soon as I find time to examine the book more critically I will write you again." From Professor Henry S. Frieze, of the University of Michigan. "I am delighted with your model book, and I must congratulate you most heartily on your perfect success in this first attempt, I believe, to publish a classic in the West. Every one must be struck at the first glance with the neat appearance,o( the book and its beautiful typography. It seems to me unequaled in this respect by any edition of Homer, or of any other Greek author, hitherto published in this country. The notes, like every thing else from Professor Boise's pen, are characterized by clearness, aptness, and precision, and are exactly what the student of Homer needs. It will, undoubtedly, be the favorite edition for the class- room " From Professor S. H. White, Normal School, Peoria, HI. " It is a source of great gratification that Professor Boise has given his attention to this work. His critical accuracy and thoroughness as a OPINIONS OF BOISE'S HOMER'S ILIAD {continued). 11 Greek scholar, and his extensive acquaintance with the literature of that language, eminently fit him for the task he has undertaken. His long ex- perience as a teacher enables him to judge what notes, references, etc., will afford judicious aid to the student — and only such are given. Having had the advantage of the opinions of the latest Greek scholars of Europe and our own country, he has, without doubt, prepared the best text-book on this author. * * * " It will be a source of pride to the teachers of the West that you have undertaken, and so beautifully executed, the work of its publica- tion." Published by S. C. GBIGGS & CO., Chicago. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 003 037 583 A LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 003 337 583 ft