*P 
 
 ^ 
 
COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 Sir William Penn 
 
 HIS 
 
 PROPRIETARY PROVINCE 
 
 AND 
 
 ITS COUNTIES 
 
SIR WILLIAM PENN 
 
 i 
 
 MIS 
 
 PROPRIETARY PROVINCE 
 
 AND 
 
 ITS COUNTIES; 
 
 THOSE OF THE 
 
 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 CHRONOLOGY, ETYMOLOGY and GENEALOGY 
 or THE 
 
 COUNTIES- 
 
 RETIRING ADDRESS OF HUGH HAMILTON. M.D., 
 
 PRESIDENT (1919) OF THE FEDERATION OF PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL 
 SOCIETIES ; DELIVERED AT HARRISBURG. PA- 
 JANUARY lBtk. 1920. 
 
,H£ 
 
 Gfift 
 
 / - 
 i 
 
PAGE THREE 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen of the Federation of 
 Historical Societies of Pennsylvania: 
 
 It shall be my endeavor to interest you in the sa- 
 gacious statesmanship of Sir William Penn ; also, the 
 fascination of the Etymology and Genealogy of the 
 Counties of the Province and subsequently of the Com- 
 monwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 In Penn's Frame of Government, or Constitution, 
 for his Proprietory Province, is the following enuncia- 
 tion of principles: 
 
 "Liberty without Obedience is Confusion. 
 Obedience without Liberty is Slavery. To carry 
 the evenness is partly owing to the Constitution, 
 and partly to the Magistry. Where either of 
 these fail, Government will be subjected to Con- 
 vulsions; but where both are wanting it 
 must be totally subverted (Russia). W r here both 
 meet the Government is Like to endure. Which 
 I humbly pray and hope GOD will please to make 
 the lot of Pennsylvania. 
 
 4th month. April 25th day, 1682, 
 
 (Signed) William Pen x." 
 
 Vol. I., Colonial Records (Pa.) p. 30. 
 
 Now the world rejoices in the victorious refutation 
 of the Doctrine. 
 
 "Obedience without Liberty," born of the Devil, 
 ruthlessly pursued by that child of the devil, Wilhelm 
 II. of Germany ; overcome by tremendous sacrifices, in 
 our vivid memories. 
 
 Think for an instant how our peaceful, rugged for- 
 bearers, swung their axes in "a sun-rise to sun-set 
 
PAGE FOUR 
 
 day — " nature's own time limits! No clocks to fool 
 with, or fool us! 
 
 "A man was famous according as he had lifted up 
 axes upon thick trees." This was written 1026 B. C, 
 by the Psalmist David. Our ancestors must have been 
 famous men. 
 
 Whose axes swung as a pendulum, carved out fertile 
 Eden-like farms ; among them now busy towns do 
 hum, we have comforts, in place of rude alarms. 
 
 Remember the debt to-day owes yesterday and — to 
 the axes of our forefathers. Few, without some emo- 
 tion, can see on hill and dale the peace added in the 
 evening of a perfect day in Pennsylvania : — by the self- 
 denials of those ahead of us. 
 
 Dulled with the life of the city by the thought- 
 less throng estranged, 
 
 My thoughts go back to the woodland where 
 happily I ranged ; 
 
 Again I wander in spirit where the cool spring- 
 waters flow, 
 
 And watch the changing hues of the speckled 
 trout below; 
 
 In my heart comes a silent yearning almost akin 
 to pain, 
 
 To know the peace and quiet of the Pennsylvania 
 Hills again. 
 
 Tn the busy heart of the city I am swept with the 
 
 restless tide, 
 But the ghost of a vanished pleasure is ever by 
 
 my side ; 
 The spirit of the woodland that haunts the dell 
 
 and glade. 
 With the scent of the purple violet and the cool 
 
 of the noonday shade; 
 And the peace of a perfect day through my heart 
 
 for a moment thrills — 
 The peace of a perfect dav in the Pennsylvania 
 
 Hills. 
 
 "Tn the glare of the City twilight, when the stars 
 
 are hid from view. 
 And the Moon's pale beams shine dimly, the 
 
 'Lamp-lit' darkness through ; 
 Come memories tinged with sadness, of a pensive 
 
 twilight glow ; 
 And the dancing-lights of fire-flies, thick in the 
 
 swamps below. 
 
(Sir) William Penn at the age OE 22. 
 Absolute Proprietor of Province of Pennsylvania in 1682. 
 
 A copy of the only authentic portrait of William Penn for which he 
 sat, at the age of 22, when a Captain in the 18th (Royal Irish ) 
 Regiment of Foot (Infantry); that Regiment made for itself credit, and 
 renown; in the recent war of 1914. 
 
 This portrait was painted before; he fully embraced the Doctrines of 
 Fox (Quakerism), or become (Sir) William Penn, Absolute Proprietor 
 of the Province (Commonwealth I of Pennsylvania. It can he seen in 
 the State (Pennsylvania) Library and Museum at Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
PAGE FIVE 
 
 And the ever-creeping shadows, darkening the 
 
 hollow's rills 
 Shadows cast by the Light-crowned, Pennsylvania 
 
 Hills." 
 
 — C. B. Benson, in the Philadelphia Ledger. 
 
 Our persistent effort should be to exercise the senti- 
 ments of Sir William Penn, preserved and expressed 
 on his Proprietory seal: "TRUTH." "PEACE." 
 "LOVE." and "PLENTY." A logical sequence of 
 these assertions, originating from the opposite expe- 
 riences in the Cromwellian conflicts, which emphasized 
 the need of such stated principles of the brotherhood. 
 Are they not prominent issues of this day? Will the 
 schemes of our epoch ever be tangible ? 
 
 "And what are we? An inter-stated nation! 
 
 What seek we now ? An Inter-national State ! 
 
 Who scoffs at this, decries our own creation, 
 
 Our League of Commonwealths which makes us great. 
 
 Yet there were little men when we were founded, (1791) 
 
 Who feared for selves and little bounties 
 
 Who would have kept the New World cramped and bounded 
 
 By puny jealousies of petty counties! 
 
 There is no Golden Rule of all the Ages, 
 
 But some self-seeking souls have called it brass! 
 
 There's no Beatitude of Wisdom's pages 
 
 But some have sworn its jewels were glass! 
 
 So now our Mole-eyed men of earth-bound vision 
 
 Who hold their heads within their burrow's night 
 
 But nibble at the roots of a decision, 
 
 And cry out that they cannot see the light ! 
 
 They cannot hear the singing in the steeples 
 Which summons to fellowship of thought 
 Which summons to a Parliment of Peoples 
 Where Citizens shall teach and Kings be taught 
 Stand forth. America ! Strike hands with those 
 Who face with Faith the new dawn, dewed and pearled, 
 Where men shall hail as neighbors, not as foes. 
 Under the greater Charter of the World. 
 
 — E. V. Cook, in the Patriot. 
 
 A sailor on a United States ship wrote his mother 
 during the late war from Aden, Arabia, that his vessel 
 had passed the most historic spot on the globe, greater 
 than Lexington or Bunker Hill ! It was the Red Sea. 
 
/'. IGE SIX 
 
 in evidence of which he saw Pharaoh's chariot wheels 
 on the bottom. (The Egyptians had been washed intJ 
 the Indian Ocean long, long ago). It was a wrecked 
 aeroplane ; but real history as he saw it. 
 
 Our object is real history. A child was told the 
 Biblical account of the Deluge. She looked into her 
 Grandpa's face seriously, and asked, "Were you in the 
 Ark?" He answered, "No!" She followed it up by 
 this, "Why were'nt you drowned?" He maintained 
 discreet silence. The explanation, would have been a 
 longer story than that of the Deluge. 
 
 What does make history? Calvary is but a slight 
 elevation from the surrounding landscape ; its con- 
 sequence increases through association. 
 
 History is not necessarily ancient : 
 
 I. It is a narrative of incident. 
 
 II. Growing into event. 
 
 III. In a locality. 
 
 IV. At a definite date. 
 
 V. Confirming God's universal government.* 
 
 In Lincoln's short Gettysburg speech he saw the 
 travail of the nation's soul in its Birthright of Free- 
 dom : "The Government of the people, by the people, 
 for the people shall not perish from the earth." That 
 speech shook thrones and gives cheer to people, even 
 now in 1920. The same idea was promulgated by 
 Penn, in 1681, in a letter of April 8th to the Dutch 
 on the Delaware, after the English had captured New 
 Amsterdam, now New York. "You shall be governed 
 by laws of your own making, live a free, and, if you 
 will, a sober and industrious life." These sentiments 
 of Penn and Lincoln combined were the cause and 
 fortunate result of Gettysburg in Adams County, 
 Pennsylvania. The reverse of these figures 1681 and 
 1861 will fix these historical events in your mind. That 
 letter of Penn, and Lincoln's speech made almost as 
 
 ♦Psalm 105. 
 
PAGE SEVEN 
 
 deep an impression, as the Victory of the Field of 
 Battle in Adams County, did for the Right. Chateau 
 Thierry forms a paragraph in the Dispatches of the 
 day and stands gloriously for the principles enunciated 
 at Philadelphia in 1776; i. e., "Liberty with Obedience." 
 Are we in danger of losing it? 
 
 What association is suggested in the names of 
 counties and places in Pennsylvania. "Valley 
 Forge," "Susquehanna," "Wyoming," and "Gettys- 
 burg," ascending from local into National fame. Every 
 County in this Commonwealth has an Etymology and 
 Genealogy worthy of consideration. 
 
 I have here the blue print of a map by Capt. John 
 Campbell, of the Internal Affairs Department of 
 Pennsylvania, joining the County seats of the several 
 counties with indicating arrows and lines, depicts 
 graphically the divisions of the original and subsequent 
 ones with exact dates of their erection by Acts of 
 Assembly. His gracious kindness permits me to show 
 it to you. He receives my hearty thanks. 
 
 In Day's Historical Collection of the State of 
 
 Pennsylvania respecting Clarion County ; its name 
 
 originated from the "clarion"-like echoes coming from 
 
 defeated Indians of the "Corn-planter" tribe in the 
 
 battle at Brady's Bend, likened to the description of 
 
 the skirmish of Roderck Dhu in Scott's "Lady of the 
 
 Lake" canto XVII :— 
 
 "At once there rose, so wild a yell, 
 Within that dark and narrow dell ; 
 As if, fiends that from heaven fell. 
 Had pealed the "Banner-cry of Hell!" 
 
 impressed the victorious white participants that they 
 concluded from the shrill shrieks of the Indians, their 
 yells were like clarion tones, hence in 1839 the name 
 "Clarion" appropriate, as well as historical, was given. 
 The Official Original County was Philadelphia form- 
 ally made previous to 10th of March, 1682-3.* From 
 
 * Due to the changes in the Calendar Year, then. 
 
PAGE EIGHT 
 
 it all the counties sprung in a nomenclature at once 
 alluring and familiar to an Englishman. Surrounding 
 Philadelphia, somewhat like they did London in Eng- 
 land; Buckhamshire (Bucks), Cheshire and Lancashire 
 (our Lancaster) sometimes in the same relative north- 
 ernly direction. 
 
 The Swedish Colonial town of Oopland was named 
 Chester from the deck of "The Welcome" by Sir 
 William Penn before he landed, in flattering tribute to 
 his friend and fellow passenger, Pearson, a native of 
 Chester, England. Subsequently it was confirmed at 
 Chester, Pennsylvania on the 2nd day of February, 
 1685, according to Hon. James Futhey and Gilbert 
 Cope in their history of Chester County, Pennsylvania. 
 
 Philadelphia, at the junction of the Schuylkill River 
 with the Delaware River was a county spread like a 
 huge fan, North and West, afterward separated into 
 adjacent and more convenient jurisdictions limited by 
 creeks and other prominent landmarks. They were 
 named for immediate and domestic recognition by the 
 English immigrant far away from his ordinary envi- 
 ronment to make him feel "at Home" — with Lancaster 
 as the County-town of Lancaster and beside it Cum- 
 berland County with the familiar Carlisle as its judi- 
 cial capital ; and so on, this close adjacency ; carried 
 out had much to do with the peace, prosperity and 
 contentment of Penn's Domain. 
 
 Lancaster County was defined in 1729, forty-six 
 years from the founding of Chester County, divided 
 from it by the Octorara Creek ; from its mouth to near 
 its source ; thence eastward to the mouth of the 
 Monocacy on the Schuylkill River; north and west- 
 ward indefinitely — northernly from the future London 
 of the Province, PHILADELPHIA. The Susquehanna 
 River, then included in Lancaster County, formed such 
 a barrier to attending the court at Lancaster, a new 
 County was necessary. It was made in 1750 less 
 
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Admiral Sir William Penn. 
 
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 Sir Peter Lilv. 
 
PAGE NINE 
 
 than twenty-five years after Lancaster County, and in 
 accordance with the plan, called York after Yorkshire 
 in England; that adjoined Lancashire there. It was 
 one of the few provincial Counties if not the only 
 one limited by provincial action, in its western bound- 
 aries by the line of the summits of the South Moun- 
 tains ; to their crossing of the northern line of Mary- 
 land. Within the limits of (this) York County was 
 a Commonwealth County, "Adams," made in 1800, des- 
 tined to become the scene of the crucial battle of the 
 Civil War, Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. Most of the 
 adjacent counties named by Penn were those in which 
 the "Quaker" or doctrines of Fox had been accepted 
 and withstood vile persecutions. These converts were 
 besought and urged to follow their "Moses," Sir Wil- 
 liam Penn, across the ocean to the "woods of Penn" 
 where there was to be no distinctive, titled, privileged 
 class ; acquired in Europe and Asia by a perversion of 
 "Divine Right;" known to them as the "Ctiin-variety" 
 — "kill all who don't agree with you." We hope have 
 now eliminated that variety forever. 
 
 These pioneers willingly fled from actual ills, came 
 over in flocks to worship as their conscience directed. 
 The wonderful vision of Sir William Penn — a veritable 
 Utopian idea in that period of prerogatives. Penn's 
 "Light" inspired and blessed him and his immigrants 
 in their enterprises. — We enjoy them nozv. 
 
 All the counties in Pennsylvania previous to the 
 Revolution of the Colonies were named identically and 
 relatively after the counties in England, in this chron- 
 ological order in the Province : — Philadelphia, Chester, 
 Bucks, Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Berks, North- 
 ampton, Bedford, Northumberland and Westmore- 
 land.* 
 
 Wedged together, as they were in old England. 
 After the success of the War of Independence, three 
 
 ♦See accompanying Map and Table. 
 
/'AC/-: TEN 
 
 were named after English Counties for the same rea- 
 son ; to attract settlers. They were Huntingdon, Som- 
 erset and Cambria, — still adhering to the splendid and 
 comprehensive scheme of Sir William Penn. 
 
 Our Commonwealth made more counties, until they 
 now number, sixty-seven. They may be grouped* 
 Etymologically, as follows: 
 
 I. Sentimental; as Philadelphia (Brotherly-love). 
 
 II. Familiar and adjacent ; as in old England ; such 
 as Chester(shire), ''Bucks" (inghamshire). 
 
 III. In Gratitude, for national existence, in the 
 name "Washington" and "Dauphin." 
 
 IV. Aboriginal ; by poetical Indian tribal-names 
 as "Juniata" and "Wyoming." 
 
 V. Topographical, as "Centre," situated in the geo- 
 graphical centre of the Commonwealth ; also "Clarion" 
 from re-sounding echoes made by the steep sur- 
 roundings. 
 
 VI. Faunal, as "Beaver," "Elk ;" also "Schuylkill" 
 from Hollandish (Dutch) "schuil" in our word a ("y" 
 is substituted for the "i") it means shielded or hidden ; 
 and "kill" means a run or creek ; hence hidden by 
 dense vegetation on its shores and enormous quanti- 
 ties of weeds in the stream. 
 
 VII. Political, as "Cameron" in 1860, and 
 "Snyder." 
 
 In the midst of a Military furor, directly after the 
 War of the Revolution, a County was named Franklin 
 in 1784 — a glowing tribute to Doctor Benjamin 
 Franklin for his sparklingly brilliant experiments in 
 electricity, from them was evolved the "wireless" of 
 today. He was the Edison of his generation. 
 
 About half a century later. 1850, Fulton County was 
 called after Robert Fulton. Observe the coincidence 
 (both inventors) to the neighboring County: — "Frank- 
 lin." Fulton's invention of the steam-boat set the world 
 afloat, so that in 1918, 2,000,000 and more brave and 
 
PAGE ELEVEN 
 
 grateful Americans went "dry-shod" to France, be- 
 cause of our friendly Alliance with Louis XVI, that 
 saved the cause of the American colonies at the Siege 
 of Yorktown ; resulted in the surrender of Corn- 
 wallis in 1781, subsequently founded the nationality of 
 the United States of America. 
 
 The southern tier of counties, being closer to 
 Philadelphia, in their naming seemed to have a livelier 
 sense of brotherhood in such names as Washington, 
 Franklin, Fulton and Greene. 
 
 Our own county, "Dauphin," shines among the 
 galaxy of the counties in being named for everlasting 
 gratitude to the "Fleur de Lis" of Louis XVI ; being 
 named in 1785, after the oldest son of Louis, Heir 
 Apparent, which the French called the "Dauphin." 
 
 A manifestation of Penn's gracious sentiments in the 
 Greek appellation Philadelphia, Brotherly Love ; Even 
 practical John Harris, the founder of this city, did call 
 for some time this primitive settlement "Louisbourg" 
 in grateful recognition for the vital French service 
 rendered the Nation. The Jail of this county has now 
 a stone "Fleur de Lis" over its portal. However, ego- 
 tism overcame Harris, and he affixed his own name; 
 that means "a comb of iron teeth" (a harrow). This 
 County has possibly been honored as the Capital of 
 Pennsylvania because of its appreciation of France's 
 attitude toward the infant U. S. — inculcated by Sir 
 William Penn's impassioned friendly suggestions. 
 
 How much has been wrought by the splendid states- 
 manship idea expressed by Sir William Penn in his 
 frame of government of the Province of which he 
 asserted himself as "Absolute Proprietor," absolute 
 because he desired his authority to come from popular 
 assent. The reverse of his seal bears the words 
 "MERCY." "JUSTICE." The very essence of the 
 watch-word of today. (I have the seal here to show 
 you). Would that Sir William Penn could have seen 
 
PAGE TWELVE 
 
 the fruition of some of his grand principles in the 
 haughty and proud-bearing of his great-great-grand- 
 sons "The Keystone Division," in victorious triumphal 
 march on their return from France in Philadelphia. 
 Without this incentive of brotherhood, that would have 
 been impossible ! What would have become of France ? 
 The bulwark of popular civilization ! Or without, also 
 the Pennsylvania invention by Robert Fulton on the 
 Conestoga Creek* in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania 
 and the growth of static electricity in the trained 
 lightning of the "wireless" ? by Dr. Franklin. 
 
 ♦Having read with care, the Lancaster County Historical 
 Societies Proceedings, to which I was referred, for the "Ful- 
 ton House Celebration" in Vol. XIII. No. 8, of its bound 
 transactions; Mrs. Sutcliff's book on "Robert Fulton and 
 The Clermont," and also the book of "Historic Inventions" 
 Hol'and, Phila. 1911, p. 112, beside private correspondence 
 from Lancaster, Pa. Regard the Conestoga creek ; not the 
 Conowing Creek, the scene of the fourteen-year old boy Ful- 
 ton, to try propelling skiffs with mechanical paddles. 
 
 I. For the fact he was in Lancaster, at Isch and Messer- 
 smith's shops frequently, and found there a companion of 18 
 years of age, an apprentice; whose father was a fisherman on 
 the Conestoga's "quiet waters," used to take the son, Christo- 
 pher Gumpf with him ; Robert Fulton was with his boy-friend 
 and as they poled from place to place, got lazy and thought 
 they would work harder with their brains than their blis- 
 tered hands ; so they taxed their ingenuity, to do Deter 
 Gumpf's bidding easier; this was accomplished; by aid they 
 could get at the shop where Christopher worked. 
 
 Lancaster at that time was the flourishing metropolis of 
 the County and had shops. In Little Britain Township where 
 Fulton was born the country is quite hilly so could not furnish 
 streams, that frequently placidly meandered in the Lower 
 Silurian ("Trenton"). 
 
 A limestone formation, where streams flow lazily afford- 
 ing a still place for his uses. A flat-bottomed boat, at once 
 indicates a sluggish current. 
 
 III. "Henry" made his unsuccessful mechanically pro- 
 pelled craft experiments before Fulton on the Conestoga 
 (likely not unknown to Fulton). Lancaster was a place 
 where things were to be had; just like New York is now. 
 These facts make one decide that the Conestoga creek was 
 the stream upon which Fulton's mechanically self-propelled 
 skiff was tried. 
 
 There is no conclusive evidence found for considering 
 that the Conowingo Creek as the scene of any trials by Ful- 
 ton, because it was so far away from mechanical facilities 
 then only to be had at Lancaster. — H. H. 
 
PAGE THIRTEEN 
 
 History lately took unrealizable treasure in the mak- 
 ing and in the downfall of an Empire founded on 
 "Obedience without Liberty." Penn's assertion caused 
 ultimately the diabolical European melee. 
 
 The recording pens in hosts of hands will soil tons 
 of paper, making books of this historical event in 1914. 
 
 "There is a moral in all human tales ; 
 "Tis but the same rehearsal of the past; — 
 First Freedom, and then glory — when that fails, 
 Wealth, vice, corruption — barbarism at last. 
 And History, with her volumes vast 
 
 Hath but one page!— "ROME!" 
 
 Owing to the means of communication, everything is 
 neighborly or quickly otherwise. Comparing the voy- 
 age of Columbus with recent aeroplane performances — 
 we look askance into the future. How did men live in 
 such monotony? No newspapers with their daily tele- 
 grams and all that it is to us. Only ponderous tomes. 
 Our forefathers made epochs deliberately. In the 
 Harrisburg "Chronical and Weekly Visitor" edited and 
 published by my Grandfather, Hugh Hamilton, Esq., 
 quoted as '"News" in November, 1815, the fact that 
 Napoleon Bonaparte had been defeated at Waterloo 
 on the 18th of June! 
 
 "This world is verily a passing show." 
 Good news then seems to have traveled slow. 
 
 We can keep this Anniversary where we may ; — we 
 v\ ill be thinking each in his heart of those not here. 
 
 It now affords one an agreeable pleasure to extend to 
 you a hearty welcome to our County, which has a 
 good French name in this state of Germanic influences 
 and to the grand Capital of the Commonwealth. — The 
 sylvan province of Sir William Penn ; also to view 
 from the "River Drive" on this side of the shore a real 
 imaginary city. 
 
PAGE FOURTEEN 
 
 "THE SUN-SET CITY. 
 
 There's a city that lies in the Kingdom of Clouds, 
 
 In the glorious country on high; 
 \\ Inch an azure and silvery curtain enshrouds. 
 
 To screen it from mortal eye. 
 
 A city of temples and turrets of gold. 
 
 That gleam hy a sapphire sea; 
 Like jewels more splendid than earth may behold. 
 
 Or are dreamed of by you or by me. 
 
 And about it are highlands of amber that reach. 
 Far away till they meet in the gloom ; 
 
 And waters that hem an immaculate beach, 
 With fringes of luminous foam. 
 
 Aerial bridges of pearl there are, 
 
 And belfries of marvelous shapes; 
 
 And lighthouses lit by the evening star. 
 That sparkle on violet capes. 
 
 And hanging gardens that far away, 
 
 Enchantingly float aloof; 
 Rainbow pavilions in avenues gay, 
 
 And banners of glorious woof. 
 
 When the Summer's sunset's crimsoning fires. 
 
 Are aglow in the western sky; 
 The pilgrim discovers the domes and spires. 
 
 Of this wonderful city on high. 
 
 And gazing enrapt as the gathering shade. 
 
 Creeps over the twi-light lea; 
 Sees palace and pinnacle totter and fade, 
 
 And sink in the sapphire sea. 
 
 Till the vision loses by slow degrees. 
 
 The magical splendor it wore; 
 
 The silvery curtain is drawn and he sees. 
 
 The beautiful city no more." 
 
 — Henry Sylvester Cornwell. 
 In "Home Book of Verse," Vol. VIII., p. 3460. 
 Henry Holt & Co.. New York. T915. 
 
Chronological Order of English (familiarly) Named Counties of Province of Pennsylvania, and the Commonwealth 
 
 Wales is very rugged; its 
 hills are called "Cam- 
 brian," from ,, Cymry,"an 
 old name for Wales. They 
 were called by Caesar when 
 in Britain "Cimri" or 
 "Cimbri," hence name 
 Cambria or Welsh Tribes. 
 
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