BF 879 .E5 1844 Copy 1 BF 879 .E5 1844 Copy 1 hly Interesting and Valuable Work, H ENERAL. PRINCIPLES OF m rflRENOLOGY : A DESCRIPTION OF THE LILIARITIES OF THE MALE & FEMALE HEAD. FOURTH EDITION, REVISED. BOSTON : PUBLISHED BY A. J. WRIGHT, Steam Power Press Office, 3 Water Street. 1844. *<+ . ,**c ***, I?* w«. tic a SYNOPSIS PHRENOLOGY: PRESENTING GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE, A DESCRIPTION OF THE MENTAL ORGANS, AND THEIR LOCATION ; A COMBINATION, SHOWING THE MANNER IN WHICH THEY ASSIST OR COUNTERACT EACH OTHER. by y -/' GEORGE W. ELLIS, M. D., PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, AND MEMBER OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF PARIS AND EDINBURGH. "Whoever wishes for Truth is a philosopher/' — Spurzheim. FOURTH EDITION, REVISED. ^'BOSTON: PRINTED EY A. J. WRIGHT, 3 WATER STREET 18 4 4. \\*X\ « —**+" »• * 'C. 2 i *v - x ^V** 7 *-*»^ •-' ts 7 ^» Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1814, By A. J. Wright, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. WASHINGTON. ?i JEFFERSON. HARRISON. I\ EXPLANATION OF THE ENGRAVING. The figure on the opposite page presents a view of the convolutions of the brain after the skull is removed. The figures correspond with the following numbers, and show the location of the corresponding organs. 1. Amativeness. 2. Philoprogenitiveness. 3. Adhesiveness. 4. Inhabitiveness. 5. Concentrativeness. 6. Combativeness. A. Vitativeness. 7. Destructiveness. 8. Alimentiveness. 9. Acquisitiveness. 10. Secretiveness. 11. Cautiousness. 12. Approbativeness. 13. Self-Esteem. 14. Firmness. 15. Conscientiousness. 16. Hope. 17. Marvellousness. 18. Reverence. 19. Benevolence. 20. Constructiveness. 21. Ideality. B. Sublimity. 22. Imitation. 23. Mirthfulness. 24. Individuality. 25. Form. 26. Size. 27. Weight. 28. Color. 29. Order. 30. Number. 31. Locality. 32. Eventuality. 33. Time. 34. Tune. 35. Language. 36. Causality. 37. Comparison. ]* PHRENOLOGY. — Its Uses. Phrenology is a system of the philosophy of man as a physical, intellectual, and moral being. The natural sciences treat of natural objects, their nature, their use, and the relation they sustain to each other ; in like man- ner this science treats of man, his nature, and the relation he sustains to the world and to his fellow-man. It is useful to all, however, high or low, rich or poor. — First, to individuals, — in showing for what they are best calculated in the various pursuits of life, and who are their most suitable companions, partners, and associates, in the different relations of life. Second, to parents and teach- ers, — in unfolding the peculiar talents and dispositions of the children and youths under their care, by which they will be enabled to educate and train them for the pursuits for which Providence designed them, and in which alone they can be successful and truly happy. Third, to the physician, — in his treatment of the insane in a rational and successful manner. Fourth, to clergymen, — in unfold- ing the peculiar dispositions and tastes of their hearers ; it will enable them to adapt their discourses and labors with singular success to all. Fifth, to legislators, — in making laws that will protect the innocent in the enjoyment of their rights ; and, at the same time, so punish crime as to reclaim the unhappy offenders, and restore them to the paths of virtue and honor. And, Sixthly, to the world, — in showing the relation that subsists between the differ- ent races of men ; what part each is to act in the great work of human improvement that is now going on ; how the ignorant can have their understandings enlightened, and the depraved their thoughts humanized and elevated. A CHART, EXHIBITING THE PHRENOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF As given by S^TofHTad 11 ' Size of the ° r S ans of the DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES 1. Amativeness ; 3. Adhesiveness; 2. Philoprogenitiveness ; 4. Inhabitiveness. OF THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 5. Concentrativeness ; 8. Alimentiveness ; 6. Combativeness ; 9. Acquisitiveness • 7. Destmctiveness ; 10. Secretiveness. OF THE SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 11. Cautiousness ; 13. Self-Esteem ; 12. Approbativeness ; 14. Firmness. OF THE MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS. 15. Conscientiousness; 18. Veneration; 16. Hope ; 19. Benevolence. 17. Marvellousness ; OF THE SEMI-INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. 20. Construe tiveness ; 22. Imitation; 2J. Ideality; 23. Mirthfulness. B. Sublimity ; OF THE PERCEPTIVE INTELLECT. 24. Individuality; 30. Number; 25. Form; 31. Locality; 26. Size; 32. Eventuality; 27. Weight; 33. Time; 28. Color; 34. Tune; 29. Order; 35. Language. OF THE REFLECTIVE INTELLECT. 36. Causality ; 37. Comparison. PREFACE. From the experience the Author has had in Phrenol- ogy, he is aware that much remains to be done before the science will be applied to the high purposes it is destined to accomplish ; hence any work, however hum- ble, which will diffuse useful information among the body of the people, will be the means of increasing the sum of human happiness. If the readers of the following pages are able to collect some useful hints, or are induced to examine the subject, and learn their own powers of mind, and are thereby led to discharge more faithfully the important duties of life, the hours spent in preparing them would not be misspent. 'OUTLINES OF PHRENOLOGY. Phrenology is the science of mind. It treats of the several mental faculties, and traces them to their respective organs — the convolutions of the brain. The relation existing between the mind and its material organ, the brain, belongs to that class of truths which, though coeval with mind itself, yet were left for man to dis- cover by his own research. The revolution of the planets around the sun has doubtless con- tinued since their existence ; yet it was left for Copernicus and others to search out and reveal this now simple truth. The laws which regulate the planetary systems have ever operated as at present ; yet these were unknown until Newton was raised up to trace them. The blood in the human frame has circulated in the same way ever since man was brought into existence ; yet this was a hidden mystery until Harvey, by his superior penetration, brought the whole to light. So of Phrenology. The brain has ever been the organ of the mind ; and upon its development, shape, and quality, the mind has always depended ; yet no man could understand, much less explain, this, until Joseph Francis Gall, of Vienna, with a mind constituted for the express purpose, became the instrument to discover and present the important truth. To accomplish this was not the work of a moment, but of years of close application and untiring research. The incident which turned his mind into this channel was the fol- lowing : When a child, he observed that his playmate learned more rapidly than himself, and yet he bestowed less attention upon his studies. At school, he observed a boy who could commit to memory easily, and noticed that his eyes were prominent, and set far apart in his head. While at the university, he noticed that those students who excelled in this particular had a similar appearance. Taking a hint from this, he was led to believe that the ability to commit to memory easily, depended upon the fulness and width between the eyes. Thus he had discovered a fact which every day's observation sub- stantiated. Upon analyzing this, it resulted in the discovery of the organs of form and language, which were situated between the back of the eyes. His attention was now directed to the anatomy of the brain, and he at length concluded that the different powers of the mind depended upon the differences in this organ. To prove this, he 10 constantly observed the phenomena of mind. While physician to a widow of irreproachable character, but who was subject to violent ' nervous affections, during which she was thrown into violent par- oxysms, he was one day called to support her head, and noticed a remarkable development of the cerebellum, or little brain. Know- ing her strong attachment to the other sex, it occurred to him that the cerebellum might be the organ of physical love; and following out the hint, he found that all those persons who were remarkable for strong attachment to the opposite sex, possessed this organ large. Hence he called it the organ of "Amativeness or Physical Love." He afterwards met a distinguished traveller, and noticed two prominences above the internal angle of the brow, where Locality is now situated. He was led to suppose that this was ihe organ that prompted him to travel and remember places, roads, &c. Observa- tion confirmed his supposition, and he called it the organ of Locality. He afterwards noticed a difference between the males and females of certain species of animals in the region of the brain, directly above the occipital spine, the females being more prominent. This was noticed particularly in monkeys. The question occurred, What trait of character do they manifest in accordance with this develop- ment ? He could think of nothing unless it were attachment for young. He then compared those species which w r ere remarkable for this attachment, with those almost destitute ; also observed those persons remarkable for the same trait, and found that this was the function of that part of the brain. He called it Philoprogenitiveness. Those who are large in tins region have it in proportion to the size , and have too much elevation of thought and feeling to get along well in the world. One having the propensities and sentiments predominating will be alternately base and elevated in feeling, desire, and action ; will be a real mixture of good and bad; will think much of religion, hut have to struggle hard to obey its requirements} and will, indeed, do really bad acts, if tempted. One with the intellect and propensities large, and the moral sen- timents moderate, will combine great power and energy of mind with great depravity of character, and will seldom lack means for the gratification of the propensities ; add to this a large development of the selfish sentiments, and we have the really dangerous person — proud, ambitious, cautious, secretive, energetic, and knowing, but selfish in the last degree. Such were Lord Bacon, Benedict Arnold, and Aaron Burr. One in whom the perceptive faculties predominate over the re- flective will be observing, noticing, and, as a scholar, varied in knowledge, and capable of attending to details in business admira- bly ; will be a real practical person, but will want depth of thought and strength of judgment — ability to apply means to ends, conduct large and complicated business. On the other hand, one with whom the reflective predominates will be more for thinking than observing; more profound than varied in knowledge ; will have to do more with ideas than facts ; will have great talent for planning business, but will lack versatility of talent and practical ability. One with the perceptive and reasoning organs both large, and a large and active brain, will have a universal talent, a mind well bal- anced and well furnished with both facts and principles ; will be a general scholar ; and, with a respectable development of the propen- sities and sentiments, possess a decidedly superior mind, and be capable of rising to eminence; will not only possess talents of a very high order, but also be able to use them to the best advantage, and both devise and execute projects, and succeed in whatever he un- dertakes, even when most of those around him fail. One with an even head, in which all the faculties are respectably developed, will have few prominent traits of character, few excesses or deficiencies, will do a fair business, take his character from cir- cumstances, and pass quietly through life. One with an uneven, peculiar head, will be remarkable for his peculiarities of talents and disposition ; for his excesses and defi- ciencies; his strong and weak points; will often present opposite phases of character, cut a peculiar figure wherever he moves, and effect something noticeable, if not important. Every faculty is good in itself, but all are liable to abuse. Their operations are right only when they act in harmony with each other, enlightened intellect and moral sentiment holding the supremacy. Hence right conduct is that ivhich is approved of by the whole moral and intellectual faculties, fully enlightened and acting in harmonious combination. The science of Phrenology never foretells what a person will be, but what he can and should be ; its discoveries reach no farther than to declare the innate power, but not the province of its exertion. It 48 knows the part for which one is fitted, but not always that in which circumstances have placed him ; and its most salutary aim is Self- knoioledge. UTILITY OF PHRENOLOGY. 1. Phrenology is a powerful support to morality and religion. 2. It is the only true philosophy. 3. It is the foundation of a sound doctrine on insanity. 4. It guides our judgment in social intercourse. 5. It is the true basis of education. 6. Its principles and practice are invaluable in jurisprudence, civil and criminal. 7. It not only teaches us to know ourselves, but it goes a step far- ther, and teaches us to know others also. 8. By demonstrating the natural variety of human dispositions and the innateness of our strongest motives, it loudly urges us to judge charitably of the actions of others, and to make allowance for their imperfections ; to lay upon no individual more than he is able to bear, and to desist from the mad attempts which have so often been made to assimilate to one common standard the opinions of the whole community. 9. It explains the true philosophy of dreams. 10. It teaches us the most correct method of forming matrimonial alliances. 11. It explains hereditary laws, whereby the good and evil quali- ties of parents are transmitted to their progeny ; verifying the dec- laration of God, that he will visit the sins of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generations of those that violate his imperative laws, and that his blessings extend to thousands of those who love him and obey his commandments. 12. It analyzes the true philosophy of drunkenness, and the effects of all narcotics upon the organs of the brain. 13. It teaches shipmasters how to select their crews, and mer- chants and others their clerks and servants. 14. It teaches man the true nature of all animals, and furnishes him with a key to their qualities, both good and bad — thus increas- ing his power over them. ..k.!£fi. ARY 0F CONGRESS J 027 324 944 wmm* i Phrenology is a system of the philosophy of man, as a physical, intellectual, and moral being. It is useful to all, however high or low, rich or poor : First, to individuals — in showing for what they are best calculated in the various pursuits of life, and who are their most suitable companions, partners, and as- sociates, in the different relations of life : Second, to parents and teachers — in unfolding the peculiar talen and dispositions of the children and youth under th^ care, by which they will be enabled to educate and trdin them for the pursuits for which Providence designed them, and in which alone they can be successful and truly happy : Third, to the physician — in his treatment of the insane,' in a rational and successful manner: Fourth, to clergymen — in unfolding the peculiar dis- positions and tastes of their hearers, it will enable them to adapt their discourses and labors with singular suc- cess to all : Fifth, to legislators — in making laws that will protect the innocent in the enjoyment of their rights, and at the same time, so punish crime as to reclaim the unhappy offenders and restore them to the paths of virtue and honor : And Sixthly, to the world — in show- ing the relation that subsists between the different races of men — what part each is to act in the great work of human improvement that is now going on, how the ig- norant can have their understandings enlightened, and the depraved their thoughts humanized and elevated. The science of Phrenology foretells what a person can and should be, — its aim is SELF-KNOWLEDGE.' It teaches us the most correct method of forming Matrimonial Alliances. It explains the true philosophy of dreams. It is a powerful support to morality and religion. It teaches Shipmasters how to select their Crews, and Merchants and others their Clerks and Servants. It analyzes the true philosophy of drunkenness, and the effects of all narcotics upon the organs of the brain. It not only teaches us to know ourselves, but it goes a step further, and teaches us to know others also. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS III Hill 027 324 944 8 %