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 The 
 
 
 
 United States of the World 
 
 
 
 ARRANGED BY 
 
 
 
 VVAI. M. GOLDTHWAITE 
 
 
 
 
 i^@ 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 The International View Co. 
 
 
 
 (l.'NlNC'">RPORArED) 
 
 
 
 Publishers 
 
 
 
 Chicago, U. S. A. 
 
 
 
 
 
CONQREM, 
 Two Co«w> RiacKm 
 
 AUG. g 190? 
 
 ; CorimaHT tunrr 
 
 >wi\j!. I 0- ic^a'L- 
 
 CLASSiX. XXc N«, 
 
 3 5" b o 7- 
 COFY B. 
 
 COPYRIGHTED I'.Y 
 
 WM. M. GOLDTHWAITE 
 1902 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 THE HEXRY 0. SHEPARD CO. 
 
 CHICAGO 
 

 
 Contents. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 His Heart's Desire Frontispiece 
 
 Pro'ein, "OuH Flag" 6 
 
 Explanatory 7 
 
 The United States of the World '....' 12 
 
 Why Xot ;.^ ..... '. . ,/ IS 
 
 Manifest Destiny 24 
 
 Man's Progress Toward the Golden Age. ::.'.. .f\ .:• 30 
 
 Truth Can Make No Compromise witl\ Error 35 
 
 Freedom Is the Native .\ir of the Soul-, , ; 39 
 
 An .\rtist in the Pliilippines ; . .'...< 43 
 
 \\ here tlie .\merican Flag Flies 49 
 
 Maps. 
 
 Tlie Philippine Islands 61 
 
 The United States, Showing First Eight (Irand Steps in Expansion 62 
 
 The Expansion of Civilization (Historical Steps) 63 
 
 The World, Showing the Advantages of the Western Hemisphere as the Center for Com- 
 mercial Supremacy and Ideal Seat of Government of the World 64 
 
 Illustrations. 
 
 Views of Mr. Verestchagin's Famous Paintings .50. 60 
 
 Sixty-four Color Photo Views of Military Scenes Reproduced from Photographs 
 Taken During the Heat of the Camjiaign in the Philippines. 
 
 Note — Never before in the History of Warfare has the Actual 
 Engagements of an Army in AVar Been so Cxraphically Pictured. 
 No History Will Ever Be Written of These Events that Can 
 Possibly Tell the Story as Do These Startling Views. 
 
Our Flag. 
 
 Full lei that victor;^ banner be unfurled. 
 
 For every fold commands the tribute of the ivorld. 
 
 " Our flag proclaims an epoch nenv and grand, 
 cA broadening destiny for Freedom's land; 
 It marked in those red flames at dawn of cMay, 
 'Thai crimson morn across cManila' s bay. 
 When 'Dewey's cannon thundered on the scene 
 The opening of our era yet to be; 
 cHpt Westward noiv alone, but to the sun — 
 Full Eastward — must our Star of Empire run." 
 
 ' ' Forever let our ensign shine 
 For far unhappy lands ; 
 That all doivn-trodden may divine 
 Where'er its starry rays entivine 
 The hope for 'which it stands. 
 Let not that flag be stayed at tyrant's shore, 
 'But be upborne within his kingdom's core." 
 
Explanatory. 
 
 "When from tin' lijis nf Initli mie miglity bivatli 
 Shall, like a whirhvind scaltrr in its breeze 
 The wliole dark pile nf human mockeries. 
 Then shall the liaee of Mind commenee on earth, 
 And slartinj: fresli as from the second birth. 
 Man, ill the sunshine of the world's new spriuK, 
 Shall walk transi)arent. like some holy thinij. " 
 
 THERE were no photographs taken of the naval ensi-age- 
 ment in the harbor of Manila. Every one must tli'aw 
 upon his imagination for a picture of those wontler- 
 ful scenes. Admiral Dewey, on lioard his Flagship, after the 
 capture of Manila, the Stars and Stripes flying to the breeze in 
 every direction over the gloomy walls of the subdued city, 
 said, pointing to the battery facing the bay seen in the first 
 view: "I hope that flag floats there forever. It is strange 
 how we have wrested an empire from those Spanish people, 
 and that with the loss of only a few men. If I were a religious 
 man, and I hope I am, T should say it was the hand of Clod. 
 I remember, when we engaged their fleet, seeing shells fii'ed 
 directly at us, and I do not understand under heaven why 
 we escaped." 
 
 The facts are that Admiral Dewey made no mistakes, no 
 miscalculations, and the annihilation of the Spanish fleet, with 
 trifling loss to the Americans, was not only a miracle of Pi-ovi- 
 dcnce, but it was also a vindication of the policy of artluous 
 preparation, the use in structure and armament of the best 
 material and the most practical inslnnnents of destruction^ 
 handletl bv men trained in the latest intelligence and inven- 
 
tions of the age under the direction of a man of thorough 
 education, who was taught how to command when he con- 
 sented to the virtue of obedience. Halstead conchides his 
 story by saying that if there is any American eye that beholds 
 that flag of freedom floating over Manila and that does not 
 echo the words of Admiral Dewey, there is a case of degener- 
 acy that needs the wholesome, old-fashioned Hail Columbia 
 song sentiment. 
 
 Never in the annals of time has there been carried by an 
 army so much of amelioration, so much of upbuilding, so 
 much of reform, of kindness and tenderness as were carried 
 by the American army and navy under the instructions of 
 William McKinley. It was a destructive war, of course, but 
 along with the destruction of war are the constructive forces 
 of peace and humanity. 
 
 And never before have the living actions of soldiers engaged 
 in actual warfare been so vividly pictured as are found in 
 this collection of photographic reproductions in colors that 
 illustrates nearly every phase of warfare in the Philippines. 
 There will never be a history written of these events that can 
 possibly tell the story that is to be had with their use at a 
 glance. General Funston and General Otis, as well as others 
 who know, pronoimce them the best collection of views pub- 
 lished on the campaign in the Philippines. 
 
 The time is indeed at hand for a free and open discussion 
 of the most attractive subjects to man, and it is safe to say 
 that no one creates more general interest than that of Expan- 
 sion, as applied to both the race and nations of the world, in 
 ever}' department of human interests. There is not a doubt 
 existing as to the manifest destiny of this nation as a power 
 in the world for the redemption of man from his fetters of 
 precedent to the bold and fearless individual actor on his 
 
personal account. Our President, of the strenuous type, on 
 foot, in the saddle, or at the seat of government, is the lion 
 type for the occasion, and there is no fear of his acting from 
 any other than the fairest motives, with reference to all vital 
 questions that have to do with the Philippines, or any other 
 lands with which our country is called to treat, for, as he says, 
 in our facing these difficult prolilems we need, along with the 
 highest qualities of intellect, that character, that compound 
 of honesty and courage, common sense, this with resolute 
 courage, and we can not fail in the right. We can not turn 
 Ixickward the wheels of progress. 
 
 In his comment on the services rendered by the Army and 
 Navy in the Philippines, he says: "All praise is due for the 
 courage and fortitude, the indomital^le spirit and loyal devo- 
 tion with which the}- have put down and ended the great insur- 
 rection which has raged thi-oughout the archipelago, against 
 the just and lawful authority of the United States. The 
 task was peculiarly difficult and trying. The}- were required 
 at first to overcome organized resistance of superior numl)ers, 
 well equipi^ed with modern arms of precision, intrenched in an 
 unknown country of moimtain defiles, jungles and swamjDS, 
 apparentl}- capable of interminable defense. 
 
 " When this resistance had been overcome they were required 
 to crush out a general system of guerrilla warfare, conducted 
 among a people speaking imknown tongues, from whom it was 
 almost impossible to olitain the information necessary for suc- 
 cessful pursuit or to guard against surprise and ambushes. 
 The enemies b}- whom the}- were sin-rounded were regardless 
 of all obligations of good faith and of all the limitations which 
 humanity has imposed upon civilized warfare. 
 
 "Bound themselves l)y the laws of war, our soldiers were 
 called upon to meet ever}- device of unscrupulous treachery 
 
and to contemplate without reprisal the infliction of barbarous 
 cruelties upon their comrades and friendly natives. They 
 were instructed, while punishing armed resistance, to con- 
 ciliate the friendship of the peaceful, yet had to do with a 
 population among whom it was impossible to distinguish 
 friend from foe, and who in countless instances used a false 
 appearance of friendship for ambush and assassination. 
 
 " They were obliged to deal with problems of communication 
 and transportation in a country without roads and frequently 
 made imijassable by torrential rains. They were weakened 
 by tropical heat and tropical disease. Widely scattered over 
 a great archipelago extending a thousand miles from north to 
 south, the gravest responsibilities, involving the life or death 
 of their commands, frequently devolved upon young and 
 inexperienced officers beyond the reach of specific orders or 
 advice. 
 
 "Under all these adverse circumstances the army of the 
 Philippines has accomplished its task rapidly and completely. 
 In more than 2,000 combats, great and small, within three 
 years it has exhibited unvarying courage and resolution. 
 
 "It has put an end to the vast system of intimidation and 
 secret assassination by which the peaceful natives were pre- 
 vented from taking a genuine part in government under 
 American authority. It has captured or forced to surrender 
 substantially all the leaders of the insurrection. It has sub- 
 mitted to no discouragement and halted at no obstacle. Its 
 ofificers have shown high qualities of command and its men 
 have shown devotion and discipline. Its splendid, virile 
 energy has been accompanied by self-control, patience and 
 magnanimity. With surprisingly few individual exceptions 
 its course has been characterized by humanity and kindness 
 to the prisoner and the noncomb.atant. 
 
 10 
 
" With admirable temper, sympathy and loyalty to Ameri- 
 can ideals, its commanding generals have joined with the 
 civilian agents of the government in healing the wounds of 
 war and assuring to the people of the Philippines the bless- 
 ings of peace and prosperity. Individual liberty, protection 
 of personal rights, civil order, public instruction and religious 
 freedom have followed its footsteps. It has added honor to 
 the flag which it defended, and has justified increased con- 
 fidence in the future of the American people, whose soldiers 
 do not shrink from labor or death, yet love liberty and peace. " 
 
 Therefore let us cultivate large, unsectarian, Inroad and 
 Philanthropic views, until we have the conception of justice, 
 as well as a profound love of it, so that we may give as much 
 freedom as we will take, '\^'e will not lie large-souled enough 
 to open the doors of freedom to all himian beings, until we 
 see, and love to see, that the divine idea of Lilierty positively 
 calls upon us to be just and true to its rec[uirements, ''At 
 whatever cost." 
 
 11 
 
The United States of the World. 
 
 " Let the ■\\hole earth rejoice : 
 
 These are not clouds that hang above it, but 
 The avenue thi-o' which we enter in 
 To light aljove all light, there to sit clown 
 As sons of peace in peace's inmost hall." 
 
 THE key-note of the day is growth and change. For 
 two generations human progress has been mainly 
 in the hne of new inventions in machinery and 
 improvements in the material aspects of life; but of late our 
 progress is shown by improvements in thought, improve- 
 ments in opinions and in ideas. 
 
 The secret fact behind the scenes, the hidden hand that 
 directs the world, is this acknowledged fact, that our great- 
 est progress is now and for a time will be in the direction of 
 improvements in our social machinery, in government and 
 legal forms, and in all our ways of doing things; that we are 
 taking on newer, larger, better, grander ideals of life and 
 living, and that all these do naturally and will naturally fol- 
 low and parallel the tremendous improvements lately made 
 and making in the material phases of living. 
 
 This great statement is a secret no longer. The truth of it 
 touches at once the understanding and the pocketbook, the 
 life and the business, of every one of us. 
 
 ^^Tlen but a few j'ears ago all America was touched with 
 the determination to save the suffering Cubans from out- 
 
 :2 
 
rageous torture and oppression, it is safe to say that not one 
 even of our wisest statesmen could have foreseen the results 
 that have followed the simple act of Uncle Sam's stepping up 
 and forward and taking his place among the nations of the 
 earth as one of its active and potent powers. 
 
 American ideals of citizenship, of law, of human rights and 
 of political destiny have been popularized in every land. 
 The fairest and most fruitful of islands have been touched 
 by the magic wand of hope and progress and in them alone the 
 possibilities of new and happy nations invite our admiration. 
 Our candidates for Congress are vieing with each other for 
 the honor of being first to promote the laws that stand as 
 gateways to the paths of progress. 
 
 One of the simplest and most far-reaching of all these is 
 the introduction in Congress of a bill to change the name 
 of our nation from the "United States of America" to the 
 "United States of the Earth," accompanied with the slight 
 necessary steps to permit any State among the family of 
 nations to join our Federation whenever a State shows the 
 desire and fitness for such a step. 
 
 William T. Stead, the brightest journahst, and the political 
 prophet of the keenest vision in England, has gone so far 
 already as to publish a book entitled tlie "Americanization 
 of the World," in which he invites his own people to at once 
 take steps that will insure to them as a nation if possible a 
 partnership interest in Uncle Sam's destiny. Arguing with 
 his own countrymen on this subject, he says no one in Great 
 Britain should resent the idea. He tells his reader, if he be a 
 Briton, to at least go so far as to rejoice in contemplating the 
 achievements of the mighty nation (America) that has sprung 
 from British loins, and if the reader is an American, to tolerate 
 the complacency with which .lohn Bull sets down all his 
 
 13 
 
■exploits to the credit of the famil}-. He adds, "However 
 we may be outstripped and overshadowed by the American, 
 no one can deprive us of the traditional glories which encom- 
 pass the cradle of the race, for the purple mist of centuries 
 and of song will never lift from these small islands on the 
 northern seas. " 
 
 Why not "The United States of the World"? The lofty 
 ideals of the Declaration and Constitution are established 
 upon the rock of freedom, and a freedom of the kind that takes 
 no steps backward. 
 
 For evidence of that eternal growth, read this from the 
 loftiest declaration of law that man has ever yet conceived: 
 
 "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are 
 created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with 
 certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty 
 and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, go^'- 
 ernments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
 from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of 
 government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right 
 of the people to alter or abolish it and to institute a new gov- 
 ernment, laj-ing its foundation on such principles and organ- 
 izing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most 
 likely to affect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, 
 will dictate that governments long established should not be 
 changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all 
 experience has shown that mankind are more disposed to 
 suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves b}' 
 abohshing the forms to which they are accustomed. " 
 
 The Constitution was framed through the agency of a 
 mighty intelligence on broad lines, to encompass all the 
 domains of earth, and that ideal is an ever-expanding ideal 
 that will never cease to hold man's attention until every 
 
 14 
 
living thing on earth comes under its beneficent, life-giving 
 rays. There are none so base who have drank of this fountain 
 or tasted the sweets of mental expansion under its protecting 
 wings who would willingly delay the da\- for others to come 
 and partake of this feast, prepared and jilaced here on earth 
 for man's unfoldment in the great school of human pro- 
 gression. 
 
 "The Briton," says Mr. Stead, "instead of chafing against 
 this inevitable suppression, should cheerfully acquiesce in the 
 decree of destiny and stand in l:)etimes with the conquering 
 American. The philosophy of common sense teaches us that, 
 seeing we can never again be the first, standing alone, we 
 should lose no time in uniting our fortunes with those who 
 have passed on in the race. Has the time not come when we 
 should make a resolute effort to reahze the unity of the English- 
 speaking race? What have we to gain by perpetuating the 
 schism that we owe to the perversity of George the Third and 
 the 'determination of his pig-headed advisers ' to see the thing 
 through ' and chastise the insolence of these revolted colonists 
 by fighting to a finish? As an integral part of the English- 
 speaking federation, we should continue to enjoy, not only 
 undisturbed, but with enhanced prestige, our pride of place; 
 while if we remain outside, mu'sing our imjDerial insularity on 
 monarchical lines, we are doomed to play second fiddle for the 
 rest of our existence. Why not finally recognize the truth 
 and act upon it? It is not a sentimental craze. The question 
 is prompted b}' the most solid of material considerations. 
 Why should we not combine? We should be stronger as 
 against outside attack, and, what is of far greater importance, 
 there would be much less danger of the fierce industrial 
 rivalry that is to come, leading to international strain and 
 war. Xew York competes with ^lassachusetts, and Penn- 
 
 15 
 
sylvania with Illinois, but no matter how severe may be the 
 competition, its stress never strains the federal tie. States 
 in a federal union are as free to compete with each other as are 
 towns in an English county, but, being united in one organic 
 whole, the war of trade never endangers the public peace. 
 Why should w-e not aim at the same goal in international 
 affairs? If the English-speaking world were unified, even to 
 the extent of having a central court for the settlement of all 
 Anglo-American controversies, oiu- respective manufacturers 
 would be free to compete without any risk of their trade 
 ri\'alry endangering good relations between the empire and 
 the republic, and that would be again \\orth making no small 
 sacrifice in order to secure. 
 
 "Why should not we of the older stock propose to make 
 amends for the folly of our ancestors by recognizing that the 
 hegemony of the race is passed from AVestminster to Wash- 
 ington, and proposing to federate the empire and the republic 
 on whatever terms may be arrived at. after discussion, as a 
 possible basis for the reunion of our race. 
 
 "Is this to be the end of Biitish monarchy? If so, then 
 welcome. The question next arises: How can this luiity 
 most easily and effectually be brought about? In the pres- 
 ence of a problem so immense, fraught with consequences so 
 momentous for the weal or woe of mankind. 
 
 "We have no written constitution of any kind, whereas 
 the American Constitution is the best-known type of a written 
 constitution in existence. The constitution of the reunited 
 English-spealdng race must of necessity be written. The 
 adoption of some sort of written constitution is therefore 
 inevitable, and by its adoption the fundamental feature of 
 the Reunited States would become American, not British. 
 
 ■■-Many forces are working steadily in that direction, the 
 
 16 
 
significance of which is very imperfectly revealed to our ej'^es. 
 One of the chief of these is seldom realized, for its operation is 
 silent and subtle as the law of gravitation. 
 
 " It is, indeed, no other than the law of gravitation operat- 
 ing in the political world. 
 
 "If a plebiscite were to be taken to-morrow, and every 
 white adult in the empire were to be asked to vote for or 
 against hereditary legislation, an estal^lished Church and our 
 present illogical system of unpaid Parliamentary representa- 
 tion, what would be the result? It is more than probable that 
 even now the majority of British subjects would be in favor of 
 the American view. The most significant factor, 'however, 
 remains to be noticed. We boast that we have encircled the 
 world with self-governing colonies, but without a single excep- 
 tion every one of these colonies, while rejoicing in the shelter 
 of the Union Jack and enthusiastically loyal to the person of 
 the sovereign, has organized its own constitution on American, 
 as opposed to British, lines. 
 
 "All this means one thing and one thing only. It is we 
 who are going to be Americanized ; the advance will be made 
 on our side; it is idle to hope, and it is not at all to be desired, 
 that the Americans will attempt to meet us half way by sad- 
 dling themselves with institutions of which most of us are 
 longing earnestly to get rid of. " 
 
^hy Not? 
 
 'rrw 
 
 " Roll back, ye clouds, and let the sun burst thro'! 
 Earth needs it all ! Too long have l>een the years 
 Of sliade and frost ! " 
 
 ' 'rr^HE United States of the World. " Why not? 
 
 Our great nation is being swept along bj- a world 
 movement greater than itself. The philosopher 
 must be profoundly impressed by • such a crisis, while the 
 devout mind must inquire whether this demand, coming 
 without man's plan or prevision, yet so nearly resistless in its 
 impulsion, be not a call of God. Our continental seclusion 
 was narrowing the circle of our views and of our sympathies. 
 Suddenly we found ourselves a part of the great family of 
 man. Shall we stay with our race? It may be that the 
 outlook could be had without the outreaching, that we might 
 have world-wide interests and sympathies, though we should 
 have no extra continental possessions. In fact, this has not 
 been. But, with our ships and our sons in the Caribbean and 
 the Philippines, nothing on the round earth will be a matter 
 of indifference to us evermore. 
 
 The citizens of the United States, to the last man, are 
 voluntary citizens. The}'' are proud of their citizenship. 
 There are no unwilling subjects in the whole republic. 
 
 AMien the war broke out with Spain, no recruits rallied to 
 the defense of the star-spangled banner more heartily than 
 the sons of the men who, under Davis and Lee, had shed their 
 blood in the attempt to destroy the Union. Uncle Sam has 
 no unwilling subjects. 
 
 18 
 
Mr. Bryce, in speaking of the American Constitution, says: 
 "After all deductions, it ranks above every other written 
 constitution for the intrinsic excellence of its scheme, its 
 adaptation to the circumstances of the people. " 
 
 "It is not merely," saj's Mr. Bryce, "that they are sup- 
 posed to form an experiment of unequaled im^Dortance on a 
 scale unprecedentedly vast. It is because they are some- 
 thing more than an experiment; they are believed to disclose 
 and display the type of institutions toward which, as by a law 
 of fate, the rest of civUized mankind are forced to move, some 
 with swifter, others with slower, but all with unresting feet. " 
 When you have two parties in council, one of whom is heartily 
 ashamed of his system, while the other is absolutely con- 
 vinced that his system is so perfect that its idti)nate universal 
 adoption is only a matter of time, it needs no prophet to foresee 
 which system will be adopted as a result of their consultation. 
 Xor can we be surprised at the American's reverence for his 
 Constitution when we read the terms in which it has been 
 spoken of by eminent Enghshmen. 
 
 Mr. Gladstone declared: "The American Constitution is 
 the most wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by 
 the brain and purpose of man. " 
 
 The Marquis of Salisbury says that what he admires most 
 in it is "the security which it offers against reckless innova- 
 tion and the guarantee which it gives to liberty of contract 
 and the right of a man to do what he will with his own. " 
 
 " We would have our flag mean everywhere what it means 
 in our ow^n land," saj'S Mr. Fernald in the Imperial Republic, 
 " — civil and religious liberty, industrial advancement, popu- 
 lar education — the church, the school, the home, in the light 
 of freedom, under the shield of law. " 
 
 19 
 
It is this goal of the nations, then, toward which statesmen 
 have been reaching out for ages, on which, in the sudden 
 exigency of battle, the American Republic has set her foot. 
 And there are those who would flee from the advanced posi- 
 tion — give it away, throw it away, even sell it — do anything 
 to escape the bigness of the responsibility. 
 
 But do or say what we will, the responsibility has come. 
 The forward movement is fully on its way. The Atlantic 
 is already receding, like the Mediterranean, and the Pacific 
 has become "The Great Sea." What was once deemed the 
 vast distance between America and England is now easily 
 traversed in six days, and Americans take a run through 
 England and Scotland, or France and Switzerland as an easy 
 holiday excursion. 
 
 We have no more to consider a mere barren sweep of ocean. 
 
 Great continents, rich and populovis realms, form the 
 shores of this mighty sea, or are reached across its expanse. 
 
 The war with Spain brought about unanimous agreement 
 among the American people as to the necessity of the inter- 
 oceanic canal, to remove the last barrier between the Atlantic 
 and the Pacific, that seagoing vessels may pass from ocean 
 to ocean in four days and a half. 
 
 The neutrality of the canal must be guaranteed by some 
 power strong enough to make its guaranty effectual. That 
 power, whichever it be, must have substantial control of the 
 waterway and the land .immediately adjoining, for the pro- 
 tection involves power and control. 
 
 We talk so freely of destiny that the word has almost 
 ceased to have a meaning, but is there not in a true, high 
 sense an intimation of destiny here? Is there not in this 
 vast linguistic force an irresistible trend, an assurance of 
 
 20 
 
advance and conquest, that must have real and enduring 
 results among all nations for ages to come? 
 
 In the words of Dr. Marsh, "Communit}- of language is a 
 stronger bond than identity of religion or of government, and 
 contemporaneous nations of one speech, however formally 
 separated by differences of creed or of political organization, 
 are essentially one in culture, one in tendency, one in influ- 
 ence. " 
 
 A historic language like our own carries with it a wealth 
 of suggestions; the struggles and victories of centuries are in 
 it. English has become pre-eminently the language of per- 
 sonal, social, civil and religious libert3^ 
 
 By a subtle elimination, all the literature that upheld the 
 divine right of kings, the duty of passive submission on the part 
 of a people, has faded aid of the recognition of the English- 
 speaking people, till only scholars know where to find it. The 
 literature of freedom is full of life and vigor, and the words 
 and forms of speech that tell freedom's story shall long live 
 and ring on the lips and in the hearts of the English-speaking 
 people. 
 
 The English is also the language of administration, of 
 governments, of reverence for law and of the citizen's duty of 
 obedience to just and lawful authority. The wild Jacobin 
 idea of liberty finds no place in it. The spirit of the Mar- 
 seillaise expires in an English translation. The English is 
 also the language of thrifty, practical, constructive, effective 
 life — of toiling, trading, inventing — of doing and not of 
 dreaming, and not only of doing but of getting things done. 
 
 But we would have a cordial commercial understanding 
 with only such a degree of wholesome rivalry as exists between 
 separate States of our own Union. We would have all dis- 
 putes that may ever arise between the two nations settled 
 
 21 
 
by peaceful arbitration; we do desire that the United King- 
 dom and the United States should deeply feel that we have 
 a united trust — to hold for the world and extend throughout 
 all the world all that English and American civilization have 
 won through centuries of heroic struggle — and, if ever need 
 should be, to maintain that trust against all the world. 
 
 It was our federal republic that bore Tennyson's prophetic 
 vision onward 
 
 " Till the war drum throbbed no longer, 
 And the battle flags were furled, 
 In the parliament of man, the federation of the world. " 
 
 And nothing short of this will answer. 
 
 Great Britain and the United States, cordially united in 
 moral alliance, can do more than any other force to make the 
 grand vision a fact. Men have only to be true to themselves 
 and then differences of longitude and latitude will matter 
 little. The United States desires to avoid war; its policy 
 is one of peace. 
 
 We desire peaceful commerce by which our own Southern 
 poi'ts may grow rich and prosperous as the gulf comes to be 
 thronged with the shipping of the world. We wish our Pacific 
 ports to have freer access to Europe than by the haulmg of 
 their goods across steep mountain grades by rail, and their 
 transshipment at our Atlantic ports. 
 
 We wish our Atlantic cities to have all the Pacific opened 
 to their trade, so that New York shall be nearer to San Fran- 
 cisco, Honolulu, Yokohama or Manila, by ten thousand miles. 
 
 A power is moving on the world to-day whose results no 
 man yet presumes to forecast, everywhere massing all busi- 
 ness in the hands of a few great corporations and drawing 
 the smaller communities and States within the boundaries of 
 great dominions or federations. As sure as the tie that binds 
 
 22 
 
the planets to the sun, will be the gravitation of free Cuba to 
 the great Northern republic, whose portal she guards, and by 
 whose sword her chains were hewn awaj'. But she will come 
 in by the vote of her own people. 
 
 The molding influence of this great engine of human 
 thought is for us to extend among the nations as far as arts 
 or arms, commerce or education may fittingly carry it, know- 
 ing that over multitudes of the hitherto undeveloped, per- 
 verted or oppressed the very language that is our inheritance 
 will have a transforming influence. 
 
 Heralds of the golden age are to Ije found in every walk 
 of life, forcefully, faithfully, and intelligently calling man's 
 attention to the wonderfvd opportiniities that await him under 
 this universal government of justice. This is an age of vuiity, 
 and the very highest qualities of human nature are being called 
 forth and developed in l:)oth sexes, to the end of a perfected 
 race here on this earth. 
 
 23 
 
Manifest Destiny. 
 
 " Swell out, O voice of the expanding song; 
 Into one holy concord gather up 
 Tlie squandered melodies of time, sujjplant 
 The jar of ages, strike tlie unknown chord. " 
 
 ALL hail to the glorious golden age of peace on- earth 
 and good will to men ! No more the rankling hatreds 
 of the race can find enlodgment in the minds of man, 
 nor will there longer be anything but justice and love thrive 
 therein. All hail to men of every type whose thoughts are 
 centered in the hope of heaven here on earth! Let them 
 know, as in their hearts they do, that all are free and no more 
 are cruel chains to be forged as manacles for thinking man, for 
 it is through the crucibles of men's thoughts that we arrive 
 at the consoling, supporting truths of life, until their unfolding 
 minds are prepared to comprehend the wisdom and beauty 
 of living harmoniously under the law of imiversal love. Every 
 day and ever^^iiere the old forms are giving way to the new, 
 and man is learning to take his place among the Godlike 
 beings that he is. Concerning the probability of such a thing 
 as "The United States of the World" coming to pass, we call 
 the reader's attention to the trend of events in every direction. 
 Evidences are to be found on every hand that the day is not 
 far distant when the awakened people of all nations will 
 demand and secure a just and fair recognition of their divine 
 rights, of freedom of thought and action, where that freedom 
 is not used to obstruct another's path of progress. 
 
 It matters not from what source came the American Con- 
 stitution. The great principle involved in its creation is 
 
 24 
 
intended to bless the races of men and to fore'ver remain on 
 this earth for their guidance and protection. The people 
 have their reasoning e}'es open, and nothing short of the truth 
 will satisf}' their demands. The glorious "Age of Reason" 
 is on in the land to stay, and nothing can induce the awakened 
 race to retreat to the dull shades of blind faith again. "The 
 world, then, is my country, and to do good is my religion, " is 
 the immortal name across the sk}^, standing out boldly where 
 all mankind may see and drink the sweet inspiration of its 
 wonderful meaning. "Uncle Sam of the World!" How 
 beautiful a name that signifies; no hereditary king or auto- 
 cratic ruler by an}' other than the divine right of the people. 
 Every man a king, every woman a queen; all moving along 
 life's highway in order and harmom'. So simple! It is the 
 simplicity of it all that confounds at the first glance, but it will 
 prevail, and in this age. 
 
 The glad song of freedom is abroad in the world. The 
 prayers of eighteen centuries are to be answered in the way 
 the people have demanded them to be, and that is, that "Thy 
 kingdom come, thy will be done u])on earth as it is in heaven. " 
 The age of the cross has passed, and the age of love in human 
 hearts is on. It i-equires no very sane man to discern this state 
 of things. Everywhere these conditions are to be met with, 
 and evidence is no longer wanted to show that man's true aim 
 in this life should be to do good in order to share in the good 
 things of this life now and here on this earth and not be con- 
 stantly iDut off for their rewards in some mj^sterious future 
 state or place. 
 
 The things that are wanted and demanded l)y the masses 
 must be talked about in order that they may take definite form 
 in their minds. 
 
Reviewing the situation during the administration of McKin- 
 ley, just prior to the war with Spain, there was no single act he 
 performed that called forth more criticism and condemnation 
 than when he made the famous trip, in the midst of gloomy and 
 complaining conditions, through the country to get at the senti- 
 ment and voice of the groaning people; and when he had 
 sounded their views he returned to Washington and imme- 
 diately commenced active and aggressive action against 
 Spain, everywhere the howl of rebuke went forth from those 
 who thought that he could have acted without making that 
 junketing tour to sound the political side and then to act; but 
 we pause for reflection after the battles are over and the whole 
 world is amazed at the finished and satisfactorily finished 
 way his part was done. He sought the voice of the people as 
 the voice of (lod, and then acted in faith that all would be well, 
 and all was well done. There is no doubt that justice in its 
 fullest measure will be done to the Philippine people in due 
 time and in a wa}^ to meet with the approval of all just-think- 
 ing mankind. 
 
 It fell to the lot of William ]\IcKinley to introduce America 
 to the audience of nations. He did it gracefulh^ and grandly. 
 Not without forethought. Not, indeed, without hours of tribu- 
 lation of spirit. But when all was ready he did it, and the 
 halls of history will hold no pictm^e more finished in technique 
 or striking in effect. His life and character are indissolubl}^ 
 joined to the life and character of his country. No loftier com- 
 ment was ever made on the character of man than that offered 
 up from the soulful depths of his conviction spoken by Mr. Hay 
 in his memorial address, as follows : 
 
 "The life of William McKinley was, from his birth to his 
 death, typically American. There is no environment, I should 
 say, anywhere else in the world which could produce just such 
 
 26 
 
a character. He was born into that way of Ufa which elsewhere 
 is called the middle class, but which in this country is so nearly 
 universal as to make of other classes an almost negligiljle 
 quantit}'. He was neither rich nor poor, neither proud nor 
 humble ; he knew no hunger he was not sure of satisfjang, no 
 luxury which could enervate mind or body. His parents 
 were sober, God-loving people — intelhgent and upright, with- 
 out pretension and without humility. He grew in the 
 compam' of boys like himself — wholesome, honest, self- 
 respecting. They looked down on nobody; the_y never felt 
 it possible they could be looked down upon. At seven- 
 teen j'ears of age William McKinley heard the summons 
 of his country. Although he was the sort of youth to whom 
 a military life in ordinary times would possess no attrac- 
 tions, his nature was far different from that of the ordinary 
 soldier. He was of the stuff of which good soldiers are made. 
 He enlisted as a private ; he learned to obey ; he was ever faith- 
 ful in the little things, and they gave him more and more to do. 
 He left the army with field rank when the war ended, brevetted 
 by President Lincoln for gallantry in battle. William McKin- 
 ley, one of that sensible million of men, gladly laid down his 
 sword and betook himself to his books. He quickly made up 
 the time lost in soldiering. He attacked his Blackstone as he 
 would have done a hostile intrenchment ; he entered the Albany 
 Law School, there to fit himself for his chosen profession, where 
 he worked faithfully and energetically, with brilliant success; 
 was admitted to the bar and settled down to practice, a brevet- 
 ted veteran of twenty-four, in the quiet town of Canton. 
 But a man possessing the qualities with which nature had 
 endowed McKinley seeks political activity as naturally as a 
 growing plant seeks light and air. A wholesome ambition, a 
 rare power of making friends and keeping them; a faith, which 
 
 27 
 
may be called religious, in his country and its institutions, and 
 flowing from this, a belief that a man could do no nobler work 
 than to serve svich a country — these were the elements in his 
 character that drew him irresistibly into public life. 
 
 " I wish I had time and space to give the whole of his great 
 speech at Buffalo. Nothing I might say could give such a pic- 
 ture of the President's mind and character. Would that each 
 word might sink so deep into the hearts of the people that it 
 might act as an incentive to greater, grander and nobler accom- 
 plishments. I will give here but a brief outline of that memo- 
 rable speech: 'Our capacity to produce has developed so 
 enormously and our products have so multiplied that the 
 problem of more markets requires our urgent and immediate 
 attention. Only a broad and enlightened policy will keep 
 what we have. No other policy will get more. In these times 
 of marvelous business energy and gain we ought to be looking 
 to the future, strengthening the weak places in our industrial 
 and commercial systems, that we may be ready for any storm 
 or strain. By sensible trade arrangements which will not 
 interrupt our home production we shall extend the outlets for 
 our increasing surplus. A system which provides a mutual 
 exchange of commodities is manifestly essential to the continued 
 and healthful growth of our export trade. We must not repose 
 in fancied security that we can forever sell everything and buy 
 little or nothing. If such a thing were possible, it would not be 
 best for us or for those with whom we deal. . . . Reci- 
 procity is the natural outgrowth of our wonderful industrial 
 development under the domestic pohcy now firmly established. 
 The period of exclusiveness is past. The expansion 
 of our trade and commerce is the pressing problem. Commer- 
 cial wars are unprofitable. A policy of good will and friendly 
 trade relations will prevent reprisals. Reciprocity treaties are 
 
 28 
 
in harmony with the spirit of the times, measures of retaliation 
 are not.' He stood that day past master of the art of states- 
 manship. His mind and heart were purged of the temptations 
 which beset all men engaged in the struggle to survive. In 
 view of the revelation of his nature vouchsafed to us that day, 
 and the fate which impended over him, we can only in deep 
 affection and solemn awe say : ' Blessed are the pure in heart, 
 for they shall see God. ' He had not long to wait. The next 
 day sped the bolt of doom. . . . 
 
 ^£c *Ig ^1^ ^1^ ^If ^£> ^l' 
 
 And even so soon as this it seems as if the hand that guides 
 the nations beckoned him away that the opening work for the 
 uplifting of the race so grandly accomiDlished might be accepted 
 quickly. The voice of criticism was hushed in the presence 
 of death, and we turn from the bier to gaze upon the 
 decree of our grander destiny written across the skies. 
 
 29 
 
Man 'j Progress Toward the Golden Age. 
 
 " O light of the eternal ages, come, 
 And with the sunshine of unsetting day 
 End the long midnight of humanit_y, 
 \Miich thou alone canst end. Fill with thyself 
 These heavy skies; pour down thy love upon 
 The hills and valleys of this ancient earth, 
 \\'hich \\-aits for thee, that thou and it together 
 May yet rejoice, thou resting o'er it fondly, 
 And it as fondlj- looking up to thee. 
 The blight, the tempest and the gloom all gone." 
 
 IX order to fully comprehend .the progress that man has 
 made through the different ages, of his earthh' historj-, it 
 should be borne in mind that there have been j^eculiar 
 characteristics developed; and in order to obtain a true idea 
 of the past generations of mankind we must possess ourselves 
 of that " charity which thinketh no evil, " and which will make 
 full allowance for the way men have acted in the different 
 ages. 
 
 In the barbarous ages of man's existence, but little advance- 
 ment was made in the arts and sciences. The spontaneous 
 productions of the earth constituted the principal source of 
 substance upon which they relied. In this period, the mechan- 
 ical faculties of man were but little unfolded, and were used 
 principally to construct implements of warfare and means of 
 defense against enemies. Strife and contention constituted a 
 marked feature of this earl}^ stage of man's history. To a 
 superficial observer it seemed that the onl}' object that man 
 
 30 
 
had in view tlien was to propagate his species, and again to 
 destroy them. The divine law of progression, liowever, was 
 not inoperative. Favorable circumstances produced a higher 
 development of individuals, who, in turn, being elevated above 
 the surroimding mass, would take a higher position, and after 
 much opposition the mass would ascend to the once-rejected 
 eminence. 
 
 It was in this age that the evils of war, anger, and licen- 
 tiousness had their origin. Man's combative nature, given to 
 overcome the influences that oppose his advancement, in his 
 ignorant state was directed against his ]:)rother on the slightest 
 provocation. Hence originated war, the leading evil that has 
 affected mankind. It is, however, a cause of the greatest joy to 
 see that this "evil "is fast losing its respectability, especially 
 among the more advanced portions of mankind. And as truly 
 as cause and effect are commensvu-ate with each other, this evil 
 will soon be known only in history; for the nations shall "beat 
 their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning- 
 hooks." The evils which have affected the world have been 
 many and varied, with a predisposition to disease, and an 
 abnormal inclination to a perverted use of particular faculties. 
 Man is rapidly learning the important lesson that each faculty 
 of his nature is intended for a particular use. Passion and greed 
 have ruled the world and the individual long enough. Man's 
 higher or spiritual nature is now seeking the loftiest possible 
 development, in order that he may direct his lower or passional 
 being to its proper and legitimate action. Physiology has 
 become one of the prominent branches of study in all primary 
 schools, and its great lessons will unfold to all minds of the com- 
 ing race knowledge that will enable man to avoid perversion of 
 his natural functions. It is driving ignorance awa}- from the 
 threshold of humanity's nature, and in its place is enthroning 
 
the majestic form of wisdom, and the evils that have filled the 
 world are fast ]XHSsing away, as darkness recedes before the 
 rising sun. 
 
 MY BROTHEK. 
 I fare not in what land his birth occurred. 
 Nor in what language his thought finds its word, 
 Nor what the color of his skin may be, 
 Nor what religion wins his fealty, 
 If against t)-ranny he wages strife, 
 Resists oppression at the risk of life. 
 However poor in purse, unknown to fame. 
 That man from me a brother's love may claim. — J. K. Budyard. 
 
 The undeveloped state of man's intellectual powers to-day- 
 bears a striking resemblance to the undeveloped state of his 
 moral or spiritual nature in that primeval age, as then, gross 
 in his desires, the (iods he worshiped were but the I'eflections 
 of his own inharmonious nature. Thus not being able in his 
 undeveloped state to unfold the truths of science, many 
 objects in nature were adored with the most devout reverence. 
 
 In the patriotic age, man assumes a higher position in 
 the scale of advancement, and now he rises from the savage 
 state of society; and the grossness with which he is clothed 
 becomes somewhat refined, though not entirely abandoned. 
 Arranged by the wisdom of some master-mind, the different 
 tribes of mankind have approached national and characteristic 
 distinction ; passing through which the race approaches a state 
 of true Civilism, the arts and sciences assume an important and 
 increasing attraction , intelligence becomes more generally 
 diffused, and industry is manifested in cultivating the soil, in 
 manufacturing countless useful articles, and in advancing the 
 general interest of society. In this state of man's develoj)- 
 ment the former errors became still more refined, and assmned 
 the dignity of lawful measures. Thus, war was legalized by 
 
 32 
 
acts of the highest legish^tive powers. The manifestations 
 of anger, revenge, etc., are now subjected to a chie "process 
 of law," that decision may be made l)etween the contending 
 parties. 
 
 The next and greatest of all periods in man's march of 
 atlvancement, the Republican age, dawned upon tlie world. 
 This was the rising sun of human freedom that is destined to 
 shed its refulgent rays over the despotisms of the whole earth, 
 and it will join the races of man into one united bond of 
 brotherhood. 
 
 And this age of man's progress is destined to effect a perma- 
 nent destruction of evil in the earth. War shall cease, freedom 
 shall be universal; vice, in all its modified forms, shall pass 
 away; sectarian jealous^' and ignorance shall yield to greater 
 light; and one vast halo of spiritual and mental illumination 
 shall cover the earth, by which the spiritual world shall hold 
 iminterrupted converse with man. 
 
 Thus everywhere the tree of error is withering away; its 
 leaves are becoming sere by the scorching rays of the ?un of 
 Truth; its branches are being shriveled up b}- the want of vital 
 energy and its attenuated trunk exhibits the sure symptoms of 
 an internal canker, while its roots are withdrawing their fasten- 
 ings from the soil, preparatory to the utter annihilation of the 
 whole body. And as fades away the midnight darkness before 
 the ascending luminary of heaven, so shall the darkness of 
 human error pass cjuietly into an oblivion from which it shall 
 know no resurrection. Free from its folds, universal man 
 shall continue to progress in the shining pathway of his 
 liberated mind. 
 
 Present religious, as well as political organizations, are 
 justly chargeable with selfishness ; such systems to gain the 
 general consent of mankind, must be founded upon immutable 
 
principles, and not upon casual emergencies. The only religious 
 organization needed to assist man to unfold his spiritual side 
 is being provided in the new social structure. In the interim, 
 man should seek freedom from all sectarian tendencies and 
 bigoted ecclesiastical associations, that he may the more clearly 
 form his own conclusions, liy internal meditations. 
 
 As the great Sim of intuition is now risen upon the vvorld 
 with a brightness and power that can not longer be successfully 
 resisted, therefore man need have no fears to use his reason, 
 if he would be free from the shackles of all superstitions. It is 
 the course marked out for man liy infinite wisdom. 
 
 " MV KINGDOM IS WITHIX YOU." 
 
 "He whose thought is full of vile passion, paints the tent in 
 which he lives with the shadows of his own deformity, and 
 creates within and around him a hell of distortion, loathsome- 
 ness, and pain. But the world is beautiful to him whose nature 
 is beautiful ; w-ho, looking out through what is within him, 
 beliolds everywhere the mirage of his own nol)ility." 
 
 34 
 
Truth Can A lake No Compromise 
 With Error. 
 
 " One day of that dei"p suiHhiiie will undo 
 
 Dark years of frost. Draw up these mists, O sun. 
 
 That dri'ueh irs with tlieir cold, unnicanini; spray. 
 
 IX the present state of society it appears that wealth is too 
 often diverted from the fields and ol^jects of general good, 
 to particular directions for individual gratification, and 
 very often to the personal injury of others. The industrious 
 and toiling millions have long enough poured their offerings at 
 the feet of the favored classes, while they t^'hould lie engaged 
 in educating and developing themselves. 
 
 The grand object of the new social order must and will be 
 to obtain a higher development of hiunanity. And the great 
 object of the physical and mental culture schools all over the 
 land is to afford an instrument to individualize the immortal 
 spirit of men, while here on earth, to that degree of develop- 
 ment of whicli it is here susceptible. 
 
 To unfold and progress, then, being the destiny of all intelli- 
 gences, the interest of mankind requires that the best method 
 of promoting personal development lie speedily adopted. 
 To accomplish the purposes of these high ideals, mankind 
 should unceasingly labor. To construct society on a permanent 
 basis of social equality and mutual interests; to organize a 
 government wholly repul^lican; to promote fraternal relations, 
 
and to cultivate friendship with all nations — the activities 
 of all reformers should be constantly engaged. The truth, 
 concerning all questions of vital intei'est, must be made known to 
 all the inhabitants of earth; no compromises will be permitted, 
 and the mighty proclamations that are being made on every 
 hand must be repeated until tlie human mind turns from all 
 external sources for inspiration, and looks within its own 
 spiritual temple to read the "law written upon the fleshly 
 tables of the heart by the finger of God. ' ' Thus will everv man 
 be a "law unto himself." "Ye shall know the truth and the 
 truth shall make you free." 
 
 That Spain is catching the divine idea of progression, 
 behold her youthful King celebrated his coronation by laying 
 the corner-stone to a public school. If the Spanish people will 
 see to it that the school is kept public, and not parochial, then 
 will their progress stand for something. 
 
 For it is owing to the mighty incubus of ignorance of her 
 masses that have been held under subservienc}- to the " powers 
 that be, " that has been employed to depress rather than to 
 elevate, that is why she has so long occupied the laggard's seat 
 in the race of national progress. It is gratifying to observe 
 the change that is being effected through her terrific jar in the 
 recent conflict. An enlightened people can not be enslaved, 
 neither can an ignorant race enjoy freedom. 
 
 Surveying the situation at their seat of ruling power, we 
 witness the flickering sparks that are emitted when her fading 
 ruler speaks. It is a dry and soulless attempt at show, and carries 
 with it no sincere love to the races of mankind, and man is 
 coming to understand this more and more, and having cried 
 out to the god of justice for, lo, these centuries for an equal 
 chance in the realm of reason, is awakening on every hand 
 and in every land to the dawning of this well-earned day. It is 
 
 36 
 
here, and the glad song of its arrival can not be silenced Ijy a 
 hush. 
 
 There is no need of a bugle 's clarion note to herald its arrival ; 
 it needs no pomp of plumage and display of color to "feed a 
 vanity on. 
 
 DecaAdng monarchies are passing like a drer-m, and tlie love- 
 less rulers of ancient creedism, in their last great gasp and 
 greed of power, are stretching their gaunt and feelVle arms 
 toward the New Repul)lic in the western hemisphere in the 
 hope of re-establishing their tottering forms (thrones) in their 
 ancient glories among a new race of men. It is imderstood 
 that the Latin races are menaced with decadence, that they 
 can not count on the unreserved support of France, and they 
 wish to rely on the Anglo-Saxon race, whose influence will 
 to-morrow l)e all powerful. This can not be. For the last 
 time on" earth this figiu'ehead of man's redemption is being 
 swept away, and the new race of men will take up the ruling 
 places on a develoj^ed sphere to whirl away in its completed 
 form, among the galaxy of Clod-worlds. 
 
 Look in any direction, compare conditions of the present 
 with any of earth's time, ask for others' views as to the Golden 
 Age of earth, and you will be surprised to find how acceptable 
 this thought is to the majority of mankind to-day. 
 
 And as Edwin Markham adds, nothing short of this will 
 answer. We have tried substitutes, but the}' fail. We have 
 tried charity-giving; but, worthy as the work is, it is not the one 
 thing needful. It needs extinction of all private monopolies 
 and special privileges. 
 
 And he further prophesies that the social man of the coming 
 kingdom will be a practical christian — the one who really does 
 the will of the Father. He will be the divine flower of the ages. 
 
He will move in the power of the social passion. He will reject 
 self-riches, self-distinction, self-dominion, in his pursuit of 
 the common good. 
 
 And closes in his poetic appeal to The New Republic, thus: 
 
 THE NEW nEPUBLIC. 
 
 \'oices are crying from the dust of Tyre, 
 From Karnak and the stones of Babylon — 
 " We raised our pillars upon self-desire, 
 
 And perished from the large gaze of the sun. '' 
 
 A grandeur looked down from the pyramid, 
 
 A glory came on Greece, a light on Rome ; 
 But in them all the ancient Traitor hid. 
 
 And so they passed like momentary foam. 
 
 There was no substance in their soaring hopes: 
 
 The voice of Thebes is now a desert cry ; 
 A spider bars the road with filmy ropes 
 
 Where once the feet of Carthage thundered Ijy. 
 
 .\ bittern cries where once Queen Dido laughed, 
 
 A thistle nods where once the Fonmi poured; 
 A lizard lifts and listens on a shaft 
 
 Where once of old the Coliseum roaretl. 
 
 There is a ^'ision waiting and aware : 
 
 -4nd you must draw it down, O men of worth, 
 Draw down the Xew Kepiiblic held in air, 
 
 And make f(^r it fouiidatidu cm t]v earth. 
 
 St. .John beheld it as a great white throne 
 
 Above the ages wondrous and afar; 
 Mazzini heard it as a bugle blown. 
 
 And Shelley saw' it as a steadfast star. 
 
 38 
 
Freedom Is the Native Air of the Soul. 
 
 " Where not a elouil obscui'es the jewelled azure; 
 Where nothing dies, where nothing lives in vain ; 
 Where liglit is light, and love is without rhange." 
 
 THI^X roll on your Juggernaut of mammon. Shout 
 and hurrah for kings, ]iriests, popes, bishops, honor- 
 ables and aristocrats of every grade — yoiu- gods. 
 Dress yourselves in your gaudy shrouds for one univei'sal 
 burial. Marshal your ho.sts for the grand carnival of 
 death; for what matters the blood of ephemera? Ye pa.ss 
 awa\' like insects. Another race is coming — one in whom 
 this outward tumult of a boisterous will shall give })lace to 
 silence and peace, and man shall live till he chooses to die. 
 
 Love is the great equalizer, the universal solvent, a reser- 
 voir which is never full, a fire which devours all lesser forces, 
 passions and desires. He \\ho is capable of evolving love 
 from himself need fear no evil, for he is in^'olved in good which 
 is the germinating principle of inunortality. The only jnu'i- 
 fier of blood is love, which evolves the Christ spirit into our 
 very environment, in which he who loves is in\'olved, as in 
 tlie kingdom of God, which is peace antl good will. This is 
 the work of every man, and his only way of salvation. 
 
 To strive for quality is manly and laudable. To lie fi-ee, 
 self-poised and self-supporting is evidence of spiritual life 
 evolving within us; but to aim to rule another involves us in 
 perpetual strife. 
 
 Lust for money is degrading and destructive. To own, 
 to hold large possessions of material things, to be at the head 
 
 39 
 
of the procession of society, should not be man's sole aim in 
 this life. 
 
 To think kindly of others, to mingle with them in fellow- 
 ship and friendly appreciation and forbearance, to grieve 
 with those who mourn, to give of our strength to the weak — 
 this is to involve ourselves in the spirit and acts which evolve 
 true and nol^le manhood and womanhood. Although this 
 spirit will build no thrones and erect no palaces, it will so 
 equalize conditions that the whole earth may become a para- 
 dise, when all false distinctions would cease forever. Free- 
 dom, which is the native air of the soul, is found in the whole, 
 not in isolation or the separation of parts; but this one- 
 ness must exist first in each individual before it can be per- 
 fected in the mass. Man is free only when he has the good of 
 every other human being at heart and e\'olves that good into 
 the universal life. 
 
 To this great truth let man seek to conform, by seeking a 
 divine assimilation, realizing the important and elevated posi- 
 tion he occujDies in the scale of existence. "Leaving the 
 things that are behind, press forward to those which are 
 before," remembering that present attainment, however great, 
 is l)ut a step comparatively in the onward course of end- 
 less progression. 
 
 Thus Wisdom is the "light of the world," and is dispelling 
 the gloom, sorrow, and darkness from the earth. And this 
 agency is the volition of God; the viltimate and combined 
 energy of infinite wisdom and love. 
 
 Let truth be your constant standard. By its teachings let 
 all yoiu' energies be directed. You need not — you will not — • 
 go far from the true standard as adapted to the sjDhere of 
 your attainments, if your eye is ever single, and }'our 
 mind is unbiased by popular opinions and dogmatical theo- 
 
 40 
 
lies. Political organizations should constantly aim at the 
 general good. 
 
 No political sectarianism should be admissible; no sectional 
 jealousies should interfere with the true interests of a conuiion 
 country. As the grand object of all government should be the 
 development of all tlie resources of the nation, the organic 
 systems of political action should seek the general diffusion of 
 knowledge on all sulijects, as the only means of securing this 
 object, and of perpetuating individual freedom or national 
 security. 
 
 Political organizations shoukl seek to elevate to office those 
 only who are developed in the science and power of self-govern- 
 ment. A combination of undeveloped indivifluals can never 
 be efficient in advancing the true interests of any government. 
 Qualification for position should he the only reciuisite demanded 
 of any officer; wisdom, not favoritism, should always make 
 selections for official stations. An unprogressive man will 
 never develop the resources of any state. 
 
 Political organizations should not only seek to develop the 
 citizen by providing means of general education and refinement, 
 iMit should constantly aim to secure harmony of interests 
 among all classes of society liy protecting the natvu'al rights 
 of each member of the bod}- politic. That the numerous but 
 not conflicting interests of government may l)e regulated 
 harmoniously, the pecuniary attractions of office should be 
 reduced to the lowest possible standard, so that the developed 
 wisdom of the nation, which values the right more than all 
 riches, may direct the affairs of state. 
 
 The high salaries of many oflicial stations constitute a 
 fruitful source of much evil to the world. To oljviate this 
 retarding influence to humanity's advancement, a mere 
 compensation for services rendered should he the rule of allow- 
 
 •11 
 
ance. Then swarms of office-seekers would no longer trouble 
 the officials of government ; for labor would be remunerated in 
 one department of industry only on the same principle that it 
 is in another. 
 
 The hand and foot are as needfid as tlie lirain and the heart, 
 while honor resides with each member that accomplishes its 
 appropriate use. 
 
 '' Creation waiteth for the healinj; lireath 
 Oi Him from whom all sickness flees, whose cross 
 Struck into earth's dark soil shall be the cure 
 For all creation's ills, tho' planted there 
 By hands of men who knew not what they did, 
 Nor how from it a jiurged world should arise. " 
 
An Artist in the Philippines, 
 
 MR. VERESTCHAGIX, the great Russian artist, con- 
 ceived the idea of phicing on canvas his great lesson 
 on the horrors of war, and we are fortiuiate in secur- 
 ing half-tone reproductions of these famous paintings, which 
 tell a story that can not be told in such striking and forceful 
 manner in any other way. It does not necessitate one's having 
 experienced actual war to see his meaning at a glance. Mr. 
 Verestchagin in his youth was with the expedition which 
 broke into the wondrous Samarcand, the ancient treasiu'e city 
 of Tamerlane, and in his prime of life was wounded on a 
 Russian torpedo boat. A year ago he found himself with the 
 American army near Manila. War was going on there, a 
 small war, but it was none the less a fierce one. "War is 
 war, everywhere. It is to-day what it was yesterday — what 
 it will be to-morrow — always the same, "' says this Tolstoyan 
 denouncer of bloodshed. 
 
 "The Interrupted Letter; A Poem in Paint." This begins 
 with a son far from home. Xext, "You're Hit, Sergeant?" 
 "Yes, sir," with blood pouring down his face. Xext comes 
 where he is being carried to the hospital on a sti-etcher. In a 
 Manila hospital. Then in "Dear Mother" he lies bandaged 
 on his narrow iron cot, dictating a letter to a nurse, who sits 
 beside him in her neat cap and cleanly uniform. There fol- 
 lows "The Letter Is Interrupted," where the wounded man 
 has fallen back on his pillow and the nurse is anxiously feeling 
 his pulse. In " The Letter Lies L-nfinished " you see the paper 
 forgotten on the floor at the foot of the bed where the sergeant 
 
 4i 
 
lies dead, and you know that it ne\-er will Idc finished. These 
 distressing pictures, which tell such a pathetic story in them- 
 selves, are certainly not objects of sensuous beauty, if that is 
 what works of art should be. There are merely the white, iron 
 bed, the bare whitewashed wall, with mosquito netting drawn 
 back against it for setting to the livid sufferer, and the calm, 
 serious young nurse in her light cotton gown. A professional 
 nurse who saw it in Chicago, however, could not praise it 
 enough for its faithful depiction of a hospital scene. Why, 
 indeed, should it not be faithful? It not only was painted from 
 actual facts in a Manila hospital, ixit had been, so to speak, 
 actually experienced by the painter. When he saw the Ameri- 
 can soldier endeavoring to send a dying message home, like a 
 flash his mind went back to his own unforgetable feelings as 
 years before he lay in a hospital on the lianks of the Danube 
 with what jvas believed to be a mortal wound, and in his turn 
 painfully dictated his last wishes to his attendant. Two of his 
 Philippine pictures point to a drumhead court-martial, where 
 officers of the vanguard are interrogating a deserter to dis- 
 cover whether he is a spy. The other, a spy clad in light uni- 
 form, with arms bound, stands before the officer in command, 
 who sits in front of his tent. Other works are simple straight- 
 forward battle pictures. One represents Gen. MacArthur and 
 his staff watching the progress of the battle of Caloocan from 
 the top of the queer blocklike tombs near the church of La 
 Loma. 
 
 Another battle witnessed and painted by Verestchagin was 
 that of Santa Ana near Manila, in which Gen. Charles King, 
 well known for his novels of army life, was in immediate com- 
 mand of the line in front of Santa Ana. The fight began at 
 daybreak and was stubbornly contested for several hours. 
 Their entire casualties were never accurately known, luit from 
 
 44 
 
the number that were Inirietl next day it appeared that 
 approximate!}' three hundred were killed and twice as many 
 wounded. Of the Americans, fourteen were killed and about 
 sixty wounded. The picture of Zapote Bridge shows the 
 mountain artiUery, which was worked at the very close range 
 of thirty-five or fort>- yards, the men at the guns kneeling or 
 lying down. "War," said Sherman, "is hell." And Verest- 
 chagin reaffirms the terse utterance with all the power of his 
 brush. Every mother's son who was in the frays in that far- 
 away land knows what kind of bravery was required of them. 
 
 "It makes one uneasy to travel through a country like this, 
 for you can never tell when an eneni}' may be hidden in the 
 next clump of bamboos. Murders are so freciuent that you 
 can never know when yovu' turn is coming. Last week, " says 
 Frank Carpenter, on his recent trip through the Philippines, 
 "I was in a country filled with brigands. It was the land of 
 om- friends, the Macabebes, and there were ladrones upon every 
 side playing upon these natives and our troops. I rode up the 
 Rio Grande River in a little dugout not more than fifteen feet 
 long and two feet in width. It was so narrow that I had to sit 
 ver}' straight to prevent overturning the boat. I had two 
 Macabebe guards and Lieutenant Chadwick with me. We 
 rode for seven miles up the river so close to the shore that we 
 could almost touch the bamboos which hung out over the 
 stream. Lieutenant Chadwick warned me that if there was 
 firing I should throw myself flat in the boat. It was dark and 
 we moved without lights for fear we might attract the fire of 
 insurrectos. 
 
 "We reached Calumpit all right, and I did not think of 
 danger until about 2 o'clock that night. I was sleeping in a 
 bamboo shack in a l^anana plantation about two miles from 
 our regular troops, with Lieutenants Chadwick and (Jeiger, 
 
 45 
 
guarded only by a small company of Macabebes. Then we 
 were awakened b}^ a sound of firing. The officers sprang 
 from their beds andChadwick said: 'Those gmis are Eeming- 
 tons ! The camp must be attacked by insurrectos ! ' 
 
 " 'Yes,' said Lieutenant Geiger, 'they are right across the 
 river and they will be here in a moment. ' 
 
 "As he said this there was another volley, and then a third. 
 Geiger lit a match to find his shoes and Chadwick d — d him and 
 knocked it out, saying he would draw the fire to our shack. I 
 crawled aroimd in the dark to find my shoes and clothes, for I 
 was in my pajamas and a fair mark for bolos. 
 
 "At this moment a soldier came to the door and said that he 
 had heard terrible screams down the river and that he thought 
 the guards must be attacked by bolo men. 
 
 "The result w^as we dressed rapidly and took our revolvers 
 and started out. There was no further firing, however, and 
 after a walk through the bananas in the immediate vicinity of 
 the hut, we went back to bed. 
 
 "The next day we discovered that a tiand of ladrones had 
 assaulted and massacred some peasants across the river not 
 300 vards from where we were and from where they could 
 easily have shot us while we slept. They must have been near 
 the banks of the river when we came up in the boat, and in the 
 dusk could easily have shot at us and gotten awa3^ It is such 
 things that make one uneasy. " 
 
 There are many banditti in Mindoro. They have existed 
 there for years, the Spaniards never attempting to break up 
 their settlements. Dean Worcester mentions a Negros bandit 
 named Martin, who was a fiend incarnate. He took children 
 and tore them to pieces, and the natives, so it is said, believed 
 that he feasted on the livers of his victims. 
 
 40 
 
The hills of Luzon seem to be made for banditti. There is 
 no coiuitry where guerrilla warfare can be carried on more suc- 
 cessfully. You are seldom far from the mountains, and the 
 valleys are filled with clumps of bamboos. The American 
 Indians had nothing like the o]iportunities that tlie Filipinos 
 have in their warfare with us. Indeed, I doubt if our Indians 
 could have been concjuered if their country had been similar to 
 the Philippines. 
 
 There are places for ambush within every few miles. The 
 rice fields are interspersed with swamps, and there are many 
 thickets in which the robbers can hide. There are bamboo 
 clumps everywhere, and many })laces where the ground rises 
 in hillocks topped with thick grass in which a man can lie con- 
 cealed and wait for his jjrey. 
 
 There is nothing Init trails through the mountains, and 
 travelers often have to cut their own paths through them. 
 The woods are so bound together with long lianas that they 
 form a perfect mass of matted vegetation through which one 
 must cut his way. The lowlands are unstable at certain times 
 of the year and in the rainy season they are impassable for 
 horses or carriages. 
 
 Mr. Leon Pepperman, memlier of the Civil Service Com- 
 mission, just arrived from the Philippines as we go to press, 
 says that the immediate reward to successful applicants for 
 office has caused a change from the old classical system of 
 education under the Spanish regime to one based largely on 
 practical business lines. So great is the interest of the Fili- 
 pinos in acquiring a knowledge of English that 11,000 adults 
 are going to night school in Manila. Before the American 
 occupation typewriters were almost unknown in the Philip- 
 pines, but now at every examination applicants are qualifying 
 in typewriting and stenography. Of the 6,000 positions men- 
 
tioned, 4,000 are held by natives, the remainder by Americans. 
 The policy of the commission, Mr. Pepperman says, has been 
 to replace the Americans by Filipinos as rapidly as possible. 
 
 " Under Spanish rule, " he continued, " women were unheard 
 of in the government service, but just before I left Manila three 
 Filipino young ladies had passed successful examinations and 
 had been given good positions. " 
 
 There is no corner of the world in which the de^'elopment 
 has been so swift and so perfectly successful. These native 
 states are now prosperous and contented. Their trade has 
 increased by leaps and bounds. This is an advantage to 
 us and to the rest of the world. Piracy, the joy of the Malay 
 population, has disappeared. Civilization is making rapid 
 wa}', and daily reports are coming to our count r}' of the ])rog- 
 ress the Phihppine jDeople are making in their onward and 
 upward strides in civilization. 
 
 48 
 
JVhcrc the American Flag Flies. 
 
 United States Insular Possessions. 
 
 Hawaiian Islands. (Group.) 
 
 Porto Rico and bordering islands. 
 
 Philippine Archipelago. (Large Group.) 
 
 Sainoan Islands. 
 
 Tutuila, Manua, Ofoo, Sand and Rose 
 
 Aleutian chain, extending west from 
 
 Alaska. 
 Guam, southernmost of the Ladrone 
 
 Islands. 
 Llst of Gu.\no Islands .\ppert.\ining 
 
 TO THE United States, bonded under 
 
 the Act of ."^ugu.st 18, 1S.56, as at present 
 
 on file in the office of the Ciimiitniller 
 
 of the Treasury: 
 Baker's or New Nantucket, Pacific, w. c. 
 Jarvis, Pacific, e. 
 Navassa, W. of Haiti. 
 Howland, or Nowlands, Pacific, c. 
 .Iohn.son's Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Enderbury. Phcenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 McKean, Phrt-nix I.slands, Pacific, c. 
 Pha'nix, Phienix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Christmas. Pacific, c. 
 Maiden's Islands, Pacific, c. 
 America Islands, Pacific, e. 
 .\nne's, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Birnie, Phceni.x Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Caroline, Pacific, c. 
 Clarence, Duke of. Union group. Pacific, 
 
 c. s. 
 Dangerous, or Pukapuka Islands, Pacific, 
 
 c. s. 
 Davids, Pacific, c. 
 
 Duke of York, Union group. Pacific, c. 
 Farmers, Phoenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Favorite, Phoenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Flint, Pacific, c. s. 
 Frances, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Gardner, Pha-nix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Ganges, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Groninque, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Humphrey, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Kemp, Phoenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Lideron, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Low Islands, Union group. Pacific, c. 
 
 .Mackin, Phrenix Lslands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Mary Letitia, Phcenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Mary Atoll, Pha^nix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Matthew, Phi:enix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Nassau, Pacific, c. s. 
 
 Palmyra, Pacific, c. 
 
 Penrhyn, or Tongareva, Pacific, c. 
 
 Pescado. Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Phcenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Prospect, Pacific, c. 
 
 Quiros, Union'group, Pacific, c. 
 
 Rier.son, or Rakahanga Atoll, Pacific, c. s. 
 
 Samarang Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Sarah Anne, Pacific, c. 
 
 Sydney, Phcenix Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Starbuck, or Hero, Pacific, c. 
 Staver, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 
 Walker, Pacific, c. 
 
 Washington, or Uahuga, Pacific, c. 
 
 Great and Little .Swan Lslands, Caribbean 
 
 Sea. 
 Lslands in Caribbean Sea not named in 
 
 bond. 
 Pedro Keys — Quito Sereno (Quito Bueno) 
 bank. Petrel, and Roncador, Caribbean 
 Sea. 
 Serranilla Keys — East, Middle and Bea- 
 con, Caribbean Sea. 
 De .Aves, Caribbean Sea. 
 
 Western Triangles, Gulf of Mexico. 
 Lsland of Arenas, Gulf of Mexico. 
 -\lacranes Islands, Gulf of Mexico. 
 Barren, or Starve, Pacific, c. 
 Barber, Pacific, w. 
 Bauman, Pacific, c. s. 
 Dangers Rock, Pacific, c. 
 Flint, Pacific, c. s. 
 
 Frienhaven, Manihiki Islands, Pacific, c. 
 Gallego, Pacific, c. 
 Rogewein Islands, Pacific, c. s. 
 Morant Keys — Northeast, Sand, Savanna, 
 and Seal. Caribbean Sea. 
 
 49 
 
50 
 
In Manila. Far from Home. 
 
" \()U art- hit, Sergeant? " " Yes, sir.' 
 
' To the Hospital.' 
 
My Dear, Beloved Motlier,- 
 
 54 
 
riie Letter Is Interrupted.' 
 
 55 
 
' The Letter Lies Unfinished.' 
 
 56 
 
■■£ 
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 57 
 
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 near the Church of La Loma. 
 
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 FOLDED IN CASE 
 
 EXPANDED ON STAND 
 
 With tills valualile Patent Folding Glo1)e vou may locate the islands and countries ot 
 these interesting scenes. It measures thirty-six inches in circumference. Is printed in 
 seven colors and .shows all the detail necessary for any globe. For a correct mental 
 picture of the true relationship of countries and their position on the earth it is in- 
 valuable. Weight only seven ounces. Safely mailed to any part of the world. For 
 further information address — 
 
 WILLIAM M. QOLDTHWAITE, Chicago, V. S. A. 
 
AUG 1 1 1*^^ 
 
AUG. 15 Yj: