167 P72 '■^> ■^" ^^^---^ ^^ / ■ ■ ^oV ■^' ■■ ^ AC' -iy" t ■^ -^^0^ ^rt' •y ^ %■,- "''^•^ •■V iM 0^ ^^ ■^t.. ) s ^^ ' V K - ,y^v'.l <■'. ^ - -m ^^ A k\Wo -p <^^ "f'^ < o ,0' ° " "^ v^^f,^/)*", '^'^ .,/OT\UI E? o > ^ ':> '-r- -^^0^ X^^ittgton TLhc Birthplace of Emerican Xibert^ DIU'M BEATEN AT THIO KATTI.E OF I.EXINUTOX BY WM. DIAMOND, NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF THE LEXINGTON HISTOHICAL SOCI- ETY. THE LONG ROLL ON THIS DKIM WAS THE FIRST OVERT ACT OF THE REVOLUTION. (\t9.'' ^ w-i W- IIAYKS .MKMdlllAl. lOINIAlS AM) STAIIK Ol l Al'IAIN JOHN I'AUKKU. i,i:xi.\'uTON ((iMMos. i)i:i)K ati:d 1900. lIKNin II. Kl ISON. St n.l'TOH. riic tniindat idii ,111(1 (li-iiikin^ liasiii arc of tldil stones. At tlir f::rouiid Icvt-I art- small basins (one on cithc-r sick-) for animals unable to drink from the printipal or iiorse basin. LEXINGTON BIRTHPLACE OF AMERICAN LIBERTY A HANDBOOK CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON PAUL REVERe's NARRATIVE OF HIS FAMOUS RIDE A SKETCH OF THE TOWN AND THE PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST INSCRIP- TIONS ON ALL HISTORIC TABLETS DIRECTORY MAP AND NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS Bv FRED S. PIPER •I HISTORIAN OF THK LEXINGTON HISTORICAL SOCIKTY Copyright 190-2. 1910, 191j, by Lexington Historicfil Society, FOURTH EDITION LEXINGTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY LEXINGTON 1915 M(.ir7^ THE OLD MONUMENT ON THE COMMON. S\(iiKi) lo LiiiKRTV iS: TiiK Ricirrs'oi" mankind!!! I'liK Khkkdom iV 1m)ki'km)p.n{ K t)t' America ,. Skai.kd i!v dkI'KNDKI) with tiik hi.ood of iikr sons. 'I'lllS MoNl MKNT IS KRK(TKI) '■■•■'j'\ \S\ rilK INIIAIUTANTS OF LeXINGTON, L NDKU IIIF I'ATHONAOK (!v AT THE EXl'ENCE, OF The C'ommonw EAi.Tii of Massachusetts, : ,' To THE MEMOR\ OF THEIR F'eI.I.OW CiTIZENS, KNsKiN Robert Mtinroc. Mkss'\ ycwrt-j Parke)-, Samuel Hadley. Jcuiaihan Harrington. Jun' ., Isaac Muzzy, Caleb Jfarrvi^Qton xku John Brown Of Lf\in(;ton, i!v Asahel Poi ter iw W'omurn, Who fell on this field, the first \ htims to the Sword of British T^RANN^ & Oppression, On the MORMNCi OF THE EVER MEMORABLE NlNETEEN'l'H OF APRIL, An. DoM. \~~^. 'I'liE Die WAS cast 1 1 ! lllE Bl.OOD OF THESE MaRTYRS, In the CAl'SE OF (ioD (Jt THEIR ColI^TR^ , W AS iHE Cement of the Union of these States, then C"ol.(»MEs; i\: (iAVE THE SPl{|\(i TO THE SPIRIT, FiRMNESS And RESOLUTION OF THEIR FeLI.OW CiTI/ENS. ThEV rose AS ONE MAN, TO REVENGE THEIR BRETHREN'S Blood, and at the point of iiie sword, to assert iS; Defend their native Rights. They nobl\ dar'd to be free!! The CONTEST WAS LONG, BLOODY iS: AFFE( TINfi. Righteous- Heaven approved the solemn appkai.; Vktorn crowned their arms; and The I^ea( i!, I,iufr'i\, iv I ndkpendence of the I'nited SrVTKS OF AmFRU \, U \S THEIR GI.ORIOI S RkW \HD. Built in the year lygg. INSCRIPTION BY REV. JONAS CLARKE. & , 7^4^ ©CI.A40n02 3 JUL (9 ISIS . mi MrsUOK TAVEUK T was in the gray dawn of that Aiiril inorniiiji' I i lo — A ftlorious nioniiiiy 1(ii- Aimrica "* — wlien the Hoyal troops reached Lexinjiton Coiiimoii. They had heard the drum heat of I he inimite-iiien and advanced on " (h)uble (iiiick *" witli h>aded muskets. About seventy miiuite-men, brave (K'fenders of their rij^lils, had assem- bled to meet six hundred trained soldiers. "Too few to resist, too brave to tly," they did the best they could, .and after years of conflict here beyun, Ameri- can Liberty was born. The colonists had lony contended ayainst British o])pression. James Otis resipned his office as the Kinj>*s advocate and defended the rights of Bostonians,— the first stej) in the revolution. The stam|) act had been i)assed and i-t pealed. Patrick Henry had spoken out boldly in Virginia. The first Continental Congress met wSeptember .'i, 1774. sii.iioi i:i Ti: or HKV. JONAS ( [ AH Kl 'I'lic ProNinci.il Conorress assembled one immtli later, assumed the govern- iiieiil (pt'tlic cdlou)', except in Boston wluTc tlif British troops were sta- tioned, took measures to or^janize unlitia (•omi)anies .and to prepare for resistance by force if necessary. Ex- ecutive |)o\ver was placed in the hands of the C'onnnittee of Safety, prominent members of which were Dr. .losejih Warren and John Hancock. A close watch was ke]it over the movements of the British soldiers. The Kino- had entrusted the government of Massachusetts to Gen. (iaoe, the commander of the British army in America. He was a man of weak character, and his petty and injudicious acts ajigravated the inhabitants. Laroe cpiantities of military supplies had been collected at Salem and Concord. Gaoe's attempt to take the stores at Salem, February 'i(>, 177'', resulted in a ridiculous failure. In March it was reported that he intended to capture or destroy the stores at Concord, whicii, from this time on, were carefully ouarded. 'I'lie Provincial Congress, which liad been in session in Concord, adjourned April IT). The Connnittee of Safety adjourned at Concord April 17, and Samuel Adams and John Hancock, arch traitors in the estimation of the Royal govermnent, then became the guests of Rev. Jonas Clarki', i)astor at Lexington. Gen. (Jage kept his plans secret, and it is interesting to conjecture the part played b_v his wife who was the daughter of a New .lersey patriot. Gftrdon, wlio w;is cliaplain of tlu' l'ro\ incial Congress, says in his History of the Independence of the United States '": A daughter of liberty sent word by a trusty hand to Mr. vSamiiel Adams, residing in company with Mr. Hancock about thirteen miles from Charlestown, that the troojjs were coming- out in a few days — ."" Several liistorical writers seem to con- firm tlie iiejiel' I hat this " Daugliter oi" l.ibertv"" was the wife 8 of Gen. Gage, and tliat slie (iave Dr. Warren valuable informa- tion, whicli was sent by tlie 'trusty hand" of Paul Revere, and by William Dawes as well, to Adams and llaneock at Lexington. (General 'riiomas Gage born 17'21, died ITS?; married December H, l~F->H, Margaret Kembal, daughter of Peter Kem- bal. President of the Council of New Jersey. ) Relative to what followed, what can be more interesting or authentic than Paul Revere's own written narratix c ? The Saturday iiifiiit prccedinfi; the l!»tli of Aiiril. about twelve o'clock at night, the boats l^flonging to the transports wvvr ail launciu'd. and carried under thi' sterns of the men-of-war. (They had been pre- viously hauled up and repaired.) We likewise found that the grenadiers and light infantry were all taken off duty. From these movements we expected something serious w.'is to he transacted. On Tuesday evening, the iKth. it was observed that a number of soldiers were marching towards the bottom of the Common. About ten o'clock. Dr. Warnai sent in great haste for me, and begged that I would immediately set off for I>exington, where Messrs. Hancoek and Adams were, and ac(iuaint tiiem of the movement, and that it was thought they were the objects. When I got to Dr. Warren's house, I found he had sent an express by land to Lexington. — a Mr. William Dawes. The Sunday before, by desire of Dr. Warren, I had been to Lexington, to Messrs. Han- cock and Adams, who were at the Rev. Mr. Clark's. I returned at night through Charlestown; there I agreed with a Colont'l Conant and some other gentle- men, that if the British went out by water, we would show two lanthorns in the North Church steeple; and if by land, one as a signal; for we were a])prehensive it would be difficult to cross llie Charles River, or get over Boston Neck. I left Dr. Warren, called upon a friend, and desired liini lo make the signals. I Hun went home, took my boots and surtout. i:.\iti. i-Kiti v 9 went to tlic iiorlli part of the town, where I kept a boat; two fViciuls rowed ine across Charles liiver a litlh' to the eastward where the Somerset man-of-war lay. It was then younR- Hood, the ship was windinji-. and the moon was rising'. 'I'liey landed me on the Chariestown side. When I got into town, I met Colonel Conant and several others; they said they had seen our signals. I told them what was acting, and went to get me a horse; 1 got a horse of Deacon l.arkin. While the horse was preparing. Rich- ard Devens, Esq., who was one of the Committee of Safety, came to me, and told me that he came down the road from Lexington, after sundown, that evening; that he met ten British otheers, well mounted and armed, going up the road. I set ofi' ui)on a very good horse; it was then about eleven o'clock, and very pleasant. After I had jiassed Charlestown Neck, and got nearly op[)ositi' wliere Mark was hung in chains. I saw two men on horseback under a tree. When 1 got near I hem I discovered they were British fjffieers. One tried loget aiiead of me, and the other to take nie. I turned my Imrse very (|uiek and galloped towards Charlestown Neck, and then puslied for the .Medford road. The one who chased me. endeavoring to cut me otl', got into a clay pond, near where the new tavern is now built. 1 go! clear of him, and went through INIcdford. over the bridgi'. and u|) to tenotomy. In Medford. I awakened the Captain of the Minute Men; and after tiiat. 1 alarmed almost every house, till I got to Lexington. I found Messrs. Hancock and Adams at tlie Uev. !\Ir. Clark's; I told them my errand, and eni|uiriil lor Mr. Dawes; they said he had n ; and wc tried to get past them ; but they being armetl with pistols anti swords, they forced us into the pasture ; the Doctor jumped his horse over a low stone wall, and got to Coneord. I observed a wood at a small distance, and made for that. When 1 got there, out starteil six olhccrs. on h()rscl)ack. anil ordered me to dismount ; — one of them, who ajipeared to have the command, examined me, where I came from, and what my name was? I told him. He asked me if I was an express ? 1 answered in the atrirmative. He demanded what time 1 left Boston !' I told him : and aililcd. that their troops had catchcd aground in passing I he river, and that there woidd be ti\ <■ lumdrcd Americans there in a short time for I had alarmed the country all the way up. lie immediately rode towards t hose who stopped us, when all five of them came down upon a full gallo}) ; one of them, who I afterwards found to be a Major .Milchcll of the .M h Regiment. cla|iprd his pistol to my heatl. called me by name, and saiil he was going to ask mc some i|uestions. and if 1 did not give him true answers lie wdulil blow my brains out . 1 Ic I hen asketl me similar (|ucstions to I'diiriivrr or MA. Mill WIMLAM DAWES l!2 MA.IOll IMTCAIliN those above. He then ordered me to mount my horse after searehinji- me for arms. He then ordered them to advance and to lead me in front. When we got to the road, tliey tm-ned down toward Lexing-ton. and when we had got about one mile, the Major rode up to the oflfieer that was leading me and told him to give me to the Sergeant. As soon as lie told me. the Major orderetl him. if I attempted to run. or anybody in- sulted them, to blow my brains out. We rode till we got near Lexington meeting-house, when the militia fired a volley of guns, whieh ap- peared to alarm them very mueh. The major incpiired of me how far it was to Cambridge, and if there were any other road. After some consultation, the Major roile up to the Sergeant, and asked if his horse was tired. lie answereil him he was — he was a Sergeant of Grenadiers, anil had a small horse* — then take that man's horse. I dismountetl and the Sergeant mounted my horse, when they all rode toward Lexington meeting-house. I went across the burying-ground and some pastures, and came to the Kev. Mr. Clark's house, where 1 found Messrs. Hancock and Adams. I told them of my treatnu-nt, and thej' concluded to go from thai iiouse towards Woburn. I went with them, and a Mr. Lowell, who w.is a clerk to Mr. Hancock. When we got to the house where they inlciHJcd to stop. Mr. Lowell and myself returned to Mr. Clark's to lind what was going on. When we got there an eUlerly man eanie in ; he said In- had just come from the tavern, that a man had come from Boston, who said there were no British troops coming. Mr. Lowi-ll and myself went towards the tavern, when we met a man on a full gallop, who told us the troops were coming up the rocks. We afterwanls met another, who said they were close by. Mr. Lowell asked me to go to the taxcrii with him, to get a trunk of papers belonging to Mr. Hancock. We went up chamber, and while we were getting the trunk. \\r Naw the Biilisli \(i-y near, upon a full march. We hurried t<)\\ar(ls Mr. Clai-k's house. In our way, we passed thi-ough the militia. There were about fifty. When we had got about one limulred yai-ds from the meeting-house, the British troops a])peared on hotli sides of the meeting Ikuisc. in their front was an officer on horseback. 'I'liey made a hall ; when I saw and heard a gun tired, whieh appearctl to \)c a pistnl. TIk n 1 ((nild distinguish two guns, and then a eonliuual roar of muskelry : \\licn we made off with the trunk. 13 Captain Parker commaiuled liis coini^any not to fire unless fired upon. 'I'lie liritisli approached on both sides of tlie nieet- in- tlie fire as best they coulii from tlieir places of re- treat. Relati\e to one of tlu^ minute-men, Edward Everett wrote in 183.") : Roman liistory docs ikiI fiirnisii mii ix.iiiiplc of bravery that out- shines that of Jonas Parl. Also see DeBernicre"s Narrative. roMnsroNi: oi i.vrr. r.\HKi:u \y '1 ir'^**^^^*! . • .. U m^' - "^^ ^^y^ ^^^ TO TH£ IHr^^^H H CAPT JOHN PARKEB j^^^^JH ^^M COMNANDEi^mitMlHUTCMtN ^'< Js^.^^^^^^^^H V'vj^H ','^^^^^^H ''jM t.. -V'TB ,_; f334 ^ ^^^^^^B i^ ■^ -' ["WtfSM ^^M K^ ^' '' SbI ^ Siitt^yH 1 1 15 ii.it li(M-injj army of patriots t'niiii a]] sides. The British (ilHcers tried to restore order .iinoii^ their soldiiMs and elieek the retreat hut in \ain, till they met Karl I'erey with reint'oreements half a mile he- yond Lexinoton Common to- ward Jioston. Here, under the protection of two field j)ieees and the reinforce- ments, the liritish had their first rest after sixteen hours steady marchin<>-. They re- mained in this vicinitj' aliout two hours,pillas, killiiifj cattle, etc. After caring- foi- tlu' wounded at Munroe 'I'avern, eatiny and drinkino- all that they could ji'et, thej' killed the bar tender, set fire to the house and resumed their retreat. Fortu- nately the fire was discovered and ext iniiuished before much damaye had been done. Seven Texinyton men (and one Wobui'ii man) were killed, and nine \\(iun(h(l on oi' neai' the Connnon in t he moiMiin;^', and 8 were kilhd and I wounded in t lu- altenioon. Thus Lexinyton lost m(»re nun durin;^ the day than any other town, Danvers beiny second with a loss of 7 killed, ."> wounded, and I missino-. The total losses foi- (lu- day wire, l'ro\ incials, fit killed, ,'!(> wounded and r> missing : British, 7'! killed, I 7 !• woumlcd ami ^(i missiny. Such, in brief wi're the events which, in I,exin<>- ton ushered in the Dawn of 1-ibertv. COl.. WIIIIAM MIMiOi;. i>iii)i;iii ^ si:it(;r. oi' ( AT r. I' A i< K i;ii"s ( oM l'A^■^•. Ki TT was twenty years after the Pilorims landed at Plymouth and five years after Peter Bidkley settled at Concord when Robert Herlarkenden built the first house in Cambridge Farms. Canibridye, about this time, eom|)rised a larye tract of land extendin<>' from the Charles River on the South, alony- the Shawshine to the INIerrimac River on the North. The first settlement was near \ine Brook. Most of the meadows and some of the uplands were found free from wood and brush, ])robably havino- been burned by the Indians. Before these lands were ])ermanentl.\ settled, CVnnbridye |)eo|)le used them as an additional source of hay. Prominent aniony the early inhabitants who settled here are the names Munroe, Tidd, Bowman, Bridge, Reid, Wellinoton and Merriam. Cambridge Farms remained the north precinct of Cambridye till hiOl when it was incorporated as a separate parish. Benjamin Estabrook was the first minister of the town at a salary of £40 a year, with ([uarterly contributions. After three 3ears the contributions were to cease and the salary be then fixed at £.Tt). A meetinii' house was built on the south- east corner of the Connnon where tlie marble tablet now stands. Mr. l'',stabrook died July 22, K)!'?, and on the Tth of November, l()!i7,.h>hn lian- cock of Cambridge was (-hosen to preach till tlu' following May. He was pul)licl> ordained November 2, ItiMS, and con- tinued his ministry here tor fifty-five years. I le was settled on the same terms as had been aoreed upon with Mr. l',sta brook, with £S() for settlement . One hundred and forty-ciiihl acres of "ministerial land"" was purchased ofCambridoe „,,v. .mus man. ,k k for ei;j,hteen sinllin^s, (Painttd by Smiburt; 17 i:i.iZAm:rii c iaiik mam oi k. win: OI m:v. .khin iiankk k (Painted by Smibert) Tlic town was incorpor- atid.is l,f\iiii;l(»ii, March ,S 1 , 171.'!, takiiiy its iiaiiif prob- ably iVdni l.oid I.cxiuiildii, a British statcsinaii ot prftini- Ufiice at that tiiuc. 'J'owii oHict-rs w (■ r i- iiiimt'diately <-li()S('ii and the folhiwiiio- inniith the sch-ctiiicn xotfd [n erect a payer ot stocks "" as reipiired by law. Just wliere the stocks were built is iincerlaiii. l)ut probably, accordiirLi to coniiiion t'listorn, near the ineetinii^ house. Tiiis same \far a new meet invi house was l)uilt near the old one. It was .">() It. by U) ft. and ^iS ft. hi^ili. 'I'lie first school house was erec-ted in 1 7 1 •"> on thi' Coimnon where the granite monument now stands. The town eai-l\ Ixcame noted foi- its military si)irit and took an ai'tive part in tin' I'reneli and Indian wars. The stauneli character and (htermin.il ion of (lie men eompiisiiii; the militia were finally displayed in tin' balth- on theConunon. .\|)ril IP, 177.'', when C'apt. .lohn i'arkei' and 7" men I'aeed (lOO trained soldiers of Hiitain. l,i\ini;ton nun participated in J7 different eampai<>'ns durinj^ the re\olution. The populat ion of the low n in I 77"> \\ ''is not moi-e than SOO. In the ('i\il war the town lurnislu'd moi-e than her full (piota. In 1S7.') flic town celebralcd the cenlenni.d annixersary of the l)attle in .an elabor.ate way. Business in Boston .and through- out this part ot the State was m'ncrally susiu'nded, and from an earlv hour people poured into Lexington by I'very possible con- \cyance. The streets were soon so ci'owded t!i;it carriages could not .•i|)proach williin a mile oi llu- centi'r. Careful estimates pl.aced the numl)er of \ isilors at 100, (100. The day was usheri'd 18 ^^^■f-J |*^*T TiiK. ^S^^ ■■■^^■V^f"' H 1 ^^ ^II^Jm ^^H.. ^H g^ l^lB^TiM_ bHI^^^^^B ^^■'''' nl ByKg^^JJI^^H^^^H ^^^^^^HB^ *^^^^^^l ■BilnHv^ ^^^S iHHB^H|>i ■Hh^^^i L^lHHHg^ ^^^^^^ffi n fl^HB^j H^^^'^7^^^1 ym ^^^^iS^^H ^^^B '-'' M ^^^Hpi" ^^^^H 1 W^ ^J ll^^H&l^' ' -^MgSi ^.N^ WH Si^B^h*i><9^9¥TiM6^^ ■^m^ ■■'•^ - 19 ^^^^Kii ^^^^^H I^^Dr a SL ^^^1 ^H STA'rl'K Ol SAJiuKi. .\i).\:\is IN TOWN MM 1. STATl K Of JOHN HANCOCK IN TOWN HA LI. in by a salute- of 1 Od ij,uiis al siiiiiisc. Ilic Wfatlicr was lair l)iit \ ery rohl tor the st-asuii, and till- c-\|)ci'ii'nct's at (linnci- in llic hiy' tent on tlic- (nnnnon aiul al t lit' ball in tlu- t'\ fninj>- have been an unendiiiji source of anecdote. Amon^' the i2,"uests of honor were President I'. S. Grant and his cabinet. One of the nu)st interesting- cere- monies of the day was tiie unveiling' of the statues of Adams and Hancock, cut from Carrara marble. The statue of Adams was made in Rome by Martin Milmore, a Boston artist. The statue of Hancock was made in Florence by Thomas R. Gould, also a Boston artist. The contracts stipulated that the statues should be deli\ered in Lexington on or ])efore Janu- ary 1, 187.'', but with intense anxiety their arrixal was witnessed by the light of a bright moon S.aturday, .April 17. Another important presentation to the town at this time was Pitcairn's pistols, by Mrs. John !'. I'utnam of Cambridge, N. Y. On the retreat of the British on the alfernoon of April 19, 1 77^), a skirmish took place near Kiskc's Hill in which Maj. Fitcairn was woimdcd and fell from his horse. These pistols with the horse and accoutrements were cai)tured by the Pro- vincials, and later sold at auction in Concord. The holsters and pistols were jjurciiasfd by Nath.m Barrett, who presented them to (ieneral Putnam, from whom they descended to his grandson, the husband (deceased) of llic donor. At one time considcral)l(' mantilad uring w;is done in Lex- ington, particularly in the i'.ast \ illage. i)ut to-day the town is 20 DKU MAUKIXCi LINK (JF HATTI.K. chieriy a residential siil)iirl). There are many <>()ud farms devoted to gardening and the production of milk. In IST") Worcester was the only place in the State that produced more milk than Lexington. The land is rugged and much diversified. For the most part it is pr(»ductive and contains several rich peat meadows. The town is noted for its healthfulness and high elevation, be- ing about 10 miles from the coast and '230 feet above sea level. A steam railroad was built from Lexington to Boston in 1846, and in 1!K)()-1!»U1 electric street railroads were l)uilt to Arlington, Bedford, Waverly, Concord, Walt ham and Woburn. The population of the town and valuation by 50 year periods has been as follows : — 1().5(), population .SO, valuation unknown ; 1700, population '350, valuation unknown: 17.">(), population 761, valuation unknown; ISOO, jjopulation 1006, valuation ISSljOS-^-OO; IS.'iO, i)opulation ISMS, valuation $1 ,8(i!),4-.").'5.00 ; 1900, population 3S31, \aluation ii?.'), 1 S'i,060.()0 ; lUKt. po|)u- lation about 5000, valuation about #7,^250,000. 00. In 1913 the town conunemorated the two liun(ir<(ll h anni- versary of its incorjjoration, proceedings and addrcssi-s of which are now published. 21 BOULDER. Tlic words of (apt. I'arkcr ai-c IouikI in a Icttt-r hy liis tiraiidsoii, llieodorc l'ai-ktr, to (icoi-af Bancroft, as a Iradititni in tlu' Parker family. It was conrn'nicd by Col. Win. Mnnroe, ordc'i'ly serii'i-ant of ('apt. Parker's company. The estimated wci^lit of this l)oulder is fifteen tons. LEXINGTON COMMON. A connnittee was cliost^i at a piililic meetino- in I7<'7 to treat with Nibour Mii/zy " about the purchase ot a piece of land lyin(i- tiations were <'ompleted and in consideration of £l<) Nibour Muzzy "' deeded to the inhabit/inls of Cambridoe Farms a cer- tain parcel of land estimated to contam one ;ind one-lialt acres. In 17~~, the town enlaryt-d tlu- Connnon by the |iurcliase of an additional acre at a cost ot I'^i.'). This was tlie oriij'in of Lex- in<>ton Connnon, the birtiiplace of American liberty. BUCK MAN TAVERN. I'here are at least ten houses standini;' in Lexinuton to-day that antedate the Revolution. y- - - 23 Of tlu- twfhe taverns once doiiiy- active business in Lex- iniiton, the oldest was l)uilt in ItiiM) by Benjamin Miizzey, and is now known as Buekman 'l"a\ern. It stands on Bedford street beside the old battle {iround and is now in possession of Lex- ington llislorical Society. It lias l)een carefully restored to its ori<;inal character and will be i)reserved to jxtsterity as a witness of the opening" scenes of the American Revolution. It contained the first store in town and in it the first jxtst office was opened in 1812. The business of this house was said to be more with carriage folks'" than with teamsters. It contained nine fireplaces and is architecturally the finest of the old houses in town. John Bui'knian, a member ot (apt. F;trker*s coni])any, was the landlord in ITTT), and here the miinite-men assembled on the morning of the battle. Two wounded British soldiers were brought here on the afternoon of the conflict, one of \\ hom died and was l)uried in the old c e m e t e r y . It proudly retains the scars made by British bullets during the onl3' official visit e\er i)aid to Lex- ingt()n by Ills Majesty's soldiers. The grounds sur- rounding the tavern were purchased by the town in I I '^ and madt' a part ol the town park-system. MONUMENT. On the west side of the old Common, on thi' site of Lexington's first school-housi'. stands the g r a n i t e m on u m e n t , erected in I ?!'!•, in memory of the nu'ii killed in the ni:\<)i rriosAuv soi onus" mom .-mknt 2l THi: oi I) Ki:i.i iiv Battle of Lexinoton and the cause tor which they fought and died. It is probably the first monu- ment of the Kevolution. The bodies of the slain were originally buried in a common grave in the old cemetery, but in IS;;.") tlu' remains were taken up, placed in a lead covered casket, this encased in a mahogany sarcoi)hagus and deposited in a tomb that had been constructed in front of the foundation of this monument. Ed- ward Everett was the ora- tor of the occasion. The inscrijjtion on this monument was written by Rev. Jonas Clarke, the minister of the town from I'Ti."^ to ISO.t. (See page (>. ) Here, beside this old monument, Lafayette was welcomed to Lexington Sei)tember 'J, IS'it, and here Kossutli wasr«'cei\ed by the town May 11, IS.VJ. A copy of the inscriplion will be found facing the title page of this l)ook. In recent years it has become a custom on Memo- I'ial Day to decorate this monumi'iit with wreaths and flowt'rs. BELFRY. At a Town Meeting held June I."), iTtil, Mr. Isaac Stone came into said meeting and ga\e the Town a Bell to be tor the Town's use forevei which Bell was there, and weighed I'our Hundred and Sixty Three i)ounds — for witieli llie Moder.itor in the name of the Town relumed liim thanks. Then voted, To h;nig y*^ Bell on y' top of y' llill ui)on y*^ south side of Lieut. .lames Muniot'"s house."" The committee for building this '"Bell free"" remU-red 25 HOMi; oi :\i Aititirn- and naiiian mimioi:. their account tlic tollowinii year, wliicli slmws llu' cost to have been f^J I - hJ-^"- 10,' j'/. In iTtiS, it was remoN fd to tiic south sich- ot tlie Coiiunon, the site now ni.'U'ked by l)oul(h'r and tabht . " I lere it remained tor lliirty ycai's sunnnoniny tlie pcoph' to worship, \\aiaiin<;' tlu'ui at nine at niiiht to rake up the tires and no to lied aiul tollinj;' lor tlicni when, one after another, they i)assed away.'" I'roui t his bid try t he alarm was run i^' on the morn in uot April 1 !•. 1 7T.>. calbiiii' the miinite-men t<) the Conmion. It was i)urehased by a son ot'Capt. Parker in ITi'T.and remo\ ed to the I'arker place in the south part ot tiu' town where it was used tor a wheel- wright's shop. Tluaa' it remained till IS!'!, when it was jjre- sented to the Lexiayton Historical Society and remo\ ed to Hellr\ I nil near the sjiot where it was built. Muc-h weakened by dec'iy and beyond preservation, it was destroyed b\" a ji'ale on .lune JO, l!M)!). The Belfry, now on tin- site where the original w.is built, is an exact rejuoduct ion, erected by The Lex- ington Historical Society l!M(). The bell long ago disappeared, 20 'V///'/ // ^^''^, J: L^'"'^ Z'^//' /A/^: 9 ( I /' ''"'"7. i'.Jr.^^''^r , /-, 2 ^-' L ■■i%«'.....t'^ OF DK. iiSKi: 1(111 I AKi: oi woi si)i:i) miiiisii sm.uii.its. 27 but the ton<)-ue is treasured by tlie town as a \aluable relic oft lie past and may be seen in llie \ault at tlie I laueock-C'larke House. MARRETT MUNROE HOUSE. On the (i|)|)(isite side ot' the axcnue tVuni the Soldier's Monmnent, stands the house ot Marrett and Nathan Munroe, built IT'J!', thorouyhly repaired and restored to its original eharaeter in 1 !• 1 f). HANCOCK-CLARKE HOUSE. Next after the battleji'round, this old parsona<>e is the most interesting and important place, historically, in Lexington. It stands on Hancock street, about five minutes walk from the C'onnnon. The one-story yjunbrel rooted ell was the original house built by Rev. John Hancock in Itii'S. It contained a good sized living room and the parson's study down stairs, and two small, low i'hanii)ers. Rev. John Hancock, son of Nathaniel, was born at Cambridge 1(571, graduated from Harvard l(J8t>, and settled in Lexington 1097. He married Elizabeth Clark oiChelmsiord, and to them three sons and two daughters were born and reared to maturit>- in this small dwelling. The frame is o;ik, hewed l).\ hand, and s h o w s little signs of decay. hi 17.'>4' Thom.is Hancock, the second son of Rev. John Hancock, at this time a prosperous Boston merchant, built the main jtor- t ion ol I he house for his parents. T h r wainscolting in this part of the house is paitic-ularly han d- .Mi:i:riN(i-H()iM iAni.h:i . i.i;xiM;r()N common 28 KN'I'HV — MI'MIOK I'.W i:HN Sliowing Chair used by Gkorue Washington at the dinner given for liini, Nov. T), 1789. some. In all, there are eiglit rooms with a fireplace in eaeh, except one chamber. The outer walls of the main part of the house contain a layer of bricks extendino- from the sills to the eaves. Here Rev. John Hancock lived from U)98 till his death in 17.5'2, and because of his wide ac- quaintance and great influ- ence he was often called Bishop Hancock. In 1755 Rev. Jonas Clarke, who married a oraiid- daughter of Mr. Hancock, became the third ])astor of Lexington and oecujjied this house. He was born at Newton 17."<>, was gr.-uluatcd from Harvard 1752 and died in Lexington ISO.'). As ,1 m.in of ster- ling character, preacher and i)atriot, he exerted a |)oweitiil in- fluence on both private and public .iffairs. John Hancock, the governor .•uid signer of tlu' Declar.it ion, spent nnich time in his boyhood at this old home of liis grand- parents, and here he was \isiting in company with Sanuiel Adams when Paul Re\cre made his famous i-ide. Here, also, ;it this tiuie was the beautiful l)orotli\ (^uincy. John Hancock's fiancee, to whoui lu- was ui.-irried the following August. Solomon Brown of Lexingtou had lieen to m;irket .-it Boston April 18, and on his return late in t he ;ifternoon informed Sei-gt. Munroe that he had seen niin- British otiicers |);issing up the road. Munroe, suspecting that their intention was to eajjture Adams and Hancock, placed .a guard of well-;irmed men about this old house. Sonu' time ;ifter Paul Hesere (hiiv. red his message of warning, .Adams and Hancock, tor tlieir gri'ater 29 UOI SH: (II JON a I man II \ II II I N(i IIIN . safety, were condiieted to the old iwrsonaye in Hiirlinjitou and later to Mr. Amos Wj man's house in Hilleriea. Haiieoek sent a letter hack to Dorothy (^iiincy, recjuestinu lier to follow iiini and brinj>- \.\w Jine salmon that had been sent to tliem tor their diinier, which she aeeordin<)ly did. At the time of the battle it was all o|)en country between Mr. Clarke's house and tiie battle <>round, and the Hring was plainly' seen from the chambers. Tlu- liouse originally stood on the o|)posite side of the street from its present location. W itii tlic.-iid oi patriotic men and women in various i)arts of the country, LexinyttJn Historical Society |)urchased the house, removed it to its present position in ISi'ti, and restored it as far as possil)le to its oriiiiiial condi- tion. It contains the \aliiable and interestin<>' collection of the Historical Society. It is ke|)t open to the public throui)hout the yi-ar, and in 1!M.'5 was visited l)y not less tli.iii twenty-tour thousand people, representing almost every state in the union, as well as many forei<)n countries. Admission is free. On Sundays it is o])en on]\ in the afternoon. 30 MUNROE TAVERN. Al)out one-third the distance fnnn the center to the East Village, on Massachusetts Avenue, stands Munroe Tavern, built in l(i9.5 by William Munroe. When Rarl Percy reached Lex- ington with reinforcements on the afternoon of Ai)ril lit, 1775, he made this old hostelry liis headijuarters, and here his wounded soldiers were cared for, and others refreshed at the tavern's expense. The inmates of the tavern were liarshl^ treated and insulted and .Tohn Raymond, an .aged inm.ate, was ruthlessly shot. The front room ;it the right was the ])ar room, and in the ceiling is a bullet hole made by the discharge of a British musket. Here Washington was entertained at dinner in 1789, and the armchair in which he sat is still to be seen. Some time soon after 1770 an ell, now removed, was built on the north- west side of the house containing a liall about tiO x 'iO feet, in which balls and parties were held, and it was here that Hiram Lodge of Free Masons was instituted December l"i, 17^7. By the bequest of the late .lames S. Mum-oe, Munroe Tavern is now the projjerty of Lexingt(»n Historical Society and is open to visi- tors. It contains many and valuable relics. THE HARRINGTON HOUSE. On one corner of I'.Im Avenue and Bedford Street, about ten rods back of the line of the minute-men in the battle, is to be seen the home of Jonathan Harrington, who, wounded by a British bulUt, dragged himseli lotht' door and there died at iiis wife's *See Hudson's History of Lexing-ton — Bi-Cciitonary Edi- tion, 19i:{ — Vol. I. i>. 1(1. iiiioondiu: r.\UKi:i( 31 OM) lUKVlM. LlldlNn. II AMOt K-l I AlIKi: TOMH IN fKNTHK. feet. The house ()ri]i>inally was one of the most elegant of that period in town and was renovated in the most perfect manner in 1910. OLD NORMAL SCHOOL. On the opjxisite eorner from the Harrinoton house stands a buildiiiton Academy, which was discontinued .'ihout ten yi'ars l;iter. On .July .'), IS.')!!, tlie first normal Sciiool in America Mas opened here uiuler the direction of Rev. Cyrus Pierce. THEODORE PARKER. riicodori' Parker was hoi'ii on the old hoiiicstead in the south i)arl of Lexington, tlu'n known as " Kite J'',nd."* Here liis grandfather, ('apt. .lohn Parker, had lixccL and from this i)lace he w.-is suiniiioncd l)y t lie al.anii l)cll to coiiun.'ind his company, April !!•, I77'>. Theodore Parker was the nu)st notable man Lexington has ever produced. He was Ixn'ii August 'Jt, INK), in the old Intuse whose former location is now marked by tlie yranite moninneiit placed there by liis devoted parishioners. 'Flu- hctiise in wliich he was born was destroyed some time jii-evioiis to IS.")!). He was a rare scholar, a liberal thinker, a remarkable preacher, |)rolitic writer, a yreat ]o\ er of nature and liis fellow <-reatin-es. He died in Florence, May 10, KStiO, and was buried in the Protestant cemetery there. THE OLD BURYING GROUND. A short distant'C from Massachusetts Avenue near the. junc- tion of Kim Avenue and in the rear of the I nitarian Clnu'cli is the old buryinft <>round. It is a pleasant plot with outlook across broad meadows to risiny hills in the distance. So far as known, it contains the oldest graves in town: there are two or three stones bearintj; the date of KiOO, and probably older unmarked graves. Here the bodies of the Lex- ington men, killed in the battle, were originally buried in one grave. Here a British soldier who was wounded on April 10 and died in Buckman Tavern April '21, 1775, was buried. It contains the graves of the fii'st three ministers of the town — Estabrook, Hancock and Clarke. In lf>84 the town erected a substantial granite monument over the grave of Capt. John Parker. A marble obelisk marks the grave of Gov. \Vni. Eustice, a surgeon in the Revolution and governor of Massa- chusetts 182.S-182.T. John Augustus was buried in tomb No. 4, near the entrance. He was born in Hmlinglon, Mass.. I78t. moved to Lexington ISO;") or IcSOtiand bought the Dr. i'iske property at the corner of Bedford Street and I'Jm Axinue, where he manufactured shoes. lie h'ft Lexington .about liS'i7 and became famous in Boston as a reformer of criminals, in connection with the courts of justice, wiicrc he jx-rsonally carctl for over seven hundred persons. The Hancock tomb contains lln- remains of Uex . and Mrs. John H;incock. Rev. l'J)enezi'r H.'incock, Re\ . and Min. .lonas Clarke, Mrs. Mary Clarke Ware, — wife of Rr\ . Henry Ware, 33 TiiK oi.i)i:sr (iu.\\i:sr()M: in riii: oi n (.it w i:> aud. D.D., — ;m(l tliit'i' other t'liildmi of Mr. Clarke. The tomb was sealed in IcSIt, when the l.-ist (lau.uhter of" Mr. Clarke was buried there. ,h)hn Greenleaf W hittier Mrote the tollowiny |)oein to ac- eomp.iiiy the bust of Hon. Samuel K. Sevvall in Cary Memorial Libr.arv : — Like that ancestral juiiiif who boi'e his name, Faithful to I'reedom ;ni\ the Lexing- ton Historieal Soeiety. On the frame are these inseriptions — "too iew to uesist. iix) uit.wi: id i iv. "THK DAWN OF LIBKU'IV"" APini. i!> — i.KxiNciTON — I ;;.■». (This pietiire is reproduced on tli«' cov.a- of lliis l)ook.) Statue of ,h)hn Hancock by Thomas H. Could. Statue of Sanniel Adams by Martin Milmore. In Hancock Church, stained nlass window in memory .d' Rev. Edward Crillin Porter. Copy of Murilh.'s " 'i'he Immaculate Con<'ept ion. ■' In parlor of First Parish Chur.ii, Portraits of the PaNtors of this Church. 35 GARY MEMORIAL LIBRARY was estal)lishe(l in ISiiS. l)y ;i yift from Mrs. Williniii 11. C'arv, and tlie present nieniori.-il l)uildin<>', a ^itt to the town tVoni Miss Aliee H. Cnvy , was dedicated in 1 !•()(). Willai'd 1). Brown of Lexin,0()0 xolmnes with a capai'ity for 50,000 voliniies; reading-, study and art rooms; a marble bust of Theodore Parker, made by Sidney H. Morse. INTO; a l)ust of Samuel K. Sewall by Miss Anne Whitney of Boston (see puye 84i) ; a bust of Brio-. (U-n'l W'illiain Francis Bartlett ; a fine laroe oil paintinji' of " Columbus at tlie court of P'erdinand and Isabell.a of Castile,"" b> \ . Brozik of Paris; |)ortrait of Earl Percy, a copy by Pojjc, IST!', tVoin tlie original by Pompeo Bartoni; i)ortrait of Paul Revere by Jane K. Bartlett 1883, after Gilbert Stuart. IS I,'!; |)ortrait of William Dawes (copy), painter of the orioinal unknown; portrait of Col. William Mun- roe, Orderly Sergeant of Capt. Parker's company, l)y Green- wood (painted on wood): portrait of Samuel Bowman: ])ortrait of William H. Cary by I'.dyar Parker (from photoi)raph ) : j)or- trait of Mrs. William H. Cary by Kduar Parker, ISTf: oil paintinji'. The Axenstrasse by ,Ios. Jansen ; oil painting', .Swiss Scene, by L. Scliell ; oil i)ainting, The Old Mill at Hiram, Maine, by F. H. Shapleigh ; etc. HANCOCK-CLARKE HOUSE is the chief I'ejjository ol tlie town and contains the larger part of the collection of the Historical .Society, lunnbcring o\ er IT.'JO articles. Connected with this house is a connnodious tire- proof \ault for the i>reser\ ation of the more \aluable |)ro|)erty. Prominent in this collection arc jxirtraits ot Hex. and Mi^. ,lohn Hancock, painted by Smibert, silhouette — life size — of Rev. Jonas Clarke, set of Doolittle's engravings of the battle of Lex- ington and Concord, swoi-d of Robert Newman who hung the lanterns in the North Church steeple for Paul Revere, pocket- book of Joshua Bentley who rowed Re\ ere across the Charles Rixt-r on the night ol April IS, ITT-"), c.mnon balls tired by Ivirl i\'rcy"s tidops A|)iil !'.', 177."), nuiskets and swords used 30 by minute-men, silk vest and <>(>1(1 rin^- onee worn l)y (iov. John Hancock, ink well and sermon case and letter seal of Theodore Parker, lantern formerly used by Paid Ke\ere, the drum that beat the alarm for the minute-men to assemble, Maj. Pitcairn's |)istols, minature on ivory of Maj. Pilcairn, copied from original, tongue of the bell whieli alarmed the town on April \9, 1715, bill of Dr. Joseph Fiske t)f L.exington for caring for the wounded Hritisii soldiers, banner which welcomed Lafayette 18^2 4., furniture and implements of colonial days, valuable manuscripts and publications. TONGUE OF THE OLD CHURCH BELL ikh. on Ihe mor"."g jf Ap"l 19'''. '775. sounded Ihe Alar summoning the C'tizens of Le»ing1nn to fall/ and resist the approach of the British. 37 L. i 1 s § Httl^^ ■Tljl^^^i - -' " sgg^g ■■ ■ Ml Hjgyj^l^ll^^yu^^ljg^ I M n ;XlN(i TON. GUIDE TO PLACES OF INTEREST. NMsitors will tiiul it to their ;ul\;uit;ige to see the various places ill the following- ortler, starting at the "' minute-nian "" and going north on the west sitle of the Connuon. Fountain and Minute-man. Lexington Common. Meeting House Tablet on the Common. House ok Marrett and Nathan INLnhoe. Massachusetts Ave., beside the Coiiinion. See j). 26. Monument on the Common. Ye Old Burying Ground.'" Massachusetts Ave., in rear of I'irst Church. First Parish Church, erected 18 1-7, Isaac Melvin, Architect. Elm Ave. Harrington Hoise. Corner of Elm Ave., and Bedford .St. See p. SO. Normal School liuiiDiNf;. Elm Ave., called Historic Hall, where the first Normal School in America was opened July :>, 1h;}!». 38 10. Hancock-Clarke House. Hancock Street. In this old house Hancock and Adams were slecpiiifi' when aronscd by Paul Revere. It contains the valuable collection belonging- to Lexington Historical Society. Open to the public. 1 1 . FisKE House. The home of Surgeon Fiske who cared for the provincial and British soldiers who were wounded April 19. 177.5. ^^^ Returning along East Side of Common. 12. Boulder Marking the Position of the Minute-men on THE Common. See p. 21. 13. Buckman Tavern, Containing British Bullet Holes. Bedford St.. beside the Common. See p. "i'J. 14. Old Belfry. Belfry Hill off Clarke St.. to the right near Hancock School. See p. 2h. 1,5. Cary Memorial Library. Massachusetts Ave., open from 10 a.:m. to S p.:m. in. Town Hall. Containing the Sandham ])ainting of the Battle. 17. Stone Cannon. Massachusetts Ave., on High School Grounds. 18. Stone Tablet. Massachusetts Avi'.. near Bloomfield Street. 19. Munroe Tavern. See pp. 7 and ."1. Massachusetts yVve., about three (piarters of a mile from the Common. 20. Sanderson House. Near Monroe Tavern. A wouiuled British soldier was left here. 21. House of .Ionathan Harrington, the Last Survivor of the Battle of Lexington. Massachusetts Ave., East Lexington. 22. Tablet. Cor. of Pleasant Si reel and Massachusetts Avenue. Isast Lexington. 23. Birthim.ace of Theodore Parker. About two miles south of the Common. 24. Tablets on Concord Road. 39 INSCRIPTIONS ON ALL THE HISTORIC TABLETS IN THE TOWN OF LEXINGTON. ON THE STONE PULPIT ON THE COMMON. Site of the First Three Meeting Houses in Lexington I. Bni.r 1692 whkn tiik Town was a Pah- ISH oi' Cambhiix'.k. II. Bni.T 1713 OS riii: incoui-ouatiox of Lkxington. III. Biii.T 1794.. BriiNi:!) 1SK>. This spoi- ls TH IS IDKNTI II i:i) WITH TH K ToWn"s History for 150 ykaus. PASTORATES Bkn.iamin Estabrook JoHX HaN(0( K - Jonas Ci.ahki-: - - AVFRY WlLLIAJlS Chari.ks Briggs - - WlM.lAAI C. SWETT - Jason Whitjian - - lfi9i-1697 1()9H-1752 17,5,5-1803 1807-181,5 1819-1835 I83(j-1H3<» 1845-1846 TABLETS ABOUT THE COMMON. HOI'SF. BTUI/r 1690 KNOWN AS THK BUCKMAN TAVERN rendezvous of the Minute Men mark for british bullets APRIL 19, 1775 HOUSE OF Jonathan Harrington WHO WOUNDED ON THE COMMON APRIL 19 1775 DRAGGED HIMSEri" TO THE door am) died at his wife's feet HOI'SE OF M arrett and N MUNROE athan BIf I LT 1 7 '2 9 A WITNESS OF THE BATTLE LINE OF THE .XHNL'TE MEN APRIL 1 • ) 1775 STAND YOl R (1 HOUND don' r 1 iiti: UNI i:ss Mui:n UPON BUT IF THEY JIE \N TO HAVE \ WAii ii:r IT BEGIN HERE — Captain Parker STONE TABLET, COR. PLEASANT ST. NEAR THIS SPOT AT EARLV DAWN ON THE 19tH OF April. 1775, Ren.ia^iin Wellington, A .MINUTE MAN, WAS ST II I'li IS C 1) UV HhITISH SCOUTS AND DlSAiniKI). WITH rNDAlNrKI) COURAGE HE BORIIOWEI) ANOTHER GI'N AND HASTENED TO JOIN HIS COMRADES ON I>EX- INGTON Green mi: also si:i<\ i:i) his » ounthy AT WHITE PLAINS AND SARAT0C;A. THE FIRST ARMED MAN TAKEN IN THE REVOLUTION BIRTHPLACE OF Deliverence Munroe DAUGHTER OK NLVRRETT AND DeI.IVERENCE MuNROE AND Will: OF Ensign John Winship HIS TABLET PLACED BY DEI.IVERENC E MUNROE CHAPTER DAl'GHTEKS OF REVOLUTION MARCH 1900 TABLET ON THE OLD BELFRY. THIS BELFRY WAS ERECTED ON THIS HILL IN 17(il AND HEMO\KI) TO THE CO.-MAION IN 17(i8. In ir WAS III NG riu: iu:i i wiik ii king oi t iiii: Ai Aim (IN iHi: li'rii oi- ai'mii 177.5 IN 1 ?!'? IT WAS ui;mi)\ i:i) lo iiii: i'\HKi:it iio>ie- sTiAi) IN iin: soriii I'Aiir oi iiii: town IN ISiU II WAS BHoriiirr hack to iiiis spot by THE Lexin(;t()n Historical Society REBUILT 1910 40 TABLETS ON HANCOCK STREET. BUIT.T 169H ENl.AKGKD IV.U KKSIDEN'CK OK Rev. John Hancock .55 years AND OF HIS SUCCESSOR Rev, Jonas Clarke .50 years HKRE Samuel AdaiMS and John Hancock were sleeping when aroused by Paul Revere April 19. 177.5 B U I I. T 1 1 3 2 HOUSE OF Dr. Joseph Fi.ske WHO ATTENDED THE WOUNDED APRII, 1!) 177,J AND SERVED IN THE CONTINENT. \I, AU.MV AS SURGEON THROIGHOUT in : WAR STONE TABLETS ON THE CONCORD ROAD. at this well april 19 1775 James Hayward of Acton MET A BRITISH SOLDIER WHO RAISING HIS GUN SAID YOU ARE A DEAD MAN AND SO ARE YOU REPLIED HaYWARD BOTH FIRED THE SOLDIER WAS INSTANTLY KILLED AND HaYWARD MORTALLY WOUNDED THE SITE OF THE OLD BELFRY. This Bluff was used as a Rallying Point by the British April li* 177.5 AITER A SHARP FIGHT THEY RETHEXTFD TO FisKE Hill from which they wiiue DRIVEN IN GREAT CONFUSION STONE CANNON. HIGH SCHCOL GROUNDS. The Site of the Old Belfry from which the alarm was hung April 19 177,) this tablet was erected by the lexington chapter daughters of the ajierican revolution 1910 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE. NEAR THIS SPOT EARL Pf:RCY with reenforcejients planti ldpiece to cover the retrea'! British Troops APRIL 19 177.5 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE. Karl Percy's HEADyUARTERS AND HoSPITAL APRII. 19 177.5 THE MLNROE TAVERN BI'ILT 1695 On the Hill to the South was Planted One of the British Fiei.dpieces APRIL 19 1775 to command the vilt age AND ITS APPROACHES AND NEAR 'illlS PI .\( i: SEVERAL BUILDINGS WERE HURMD EAST LEXINGTON. HOME OF Jonathan H arrington riii: I \ST Si- tvnoR oi Til K B.vi TLE OF Lexington 1 Born .JULY 8 1 758 DIED JIARtH -27 1854 41 BRONZE TABLET — EAST LEXINGTON. CHARLES POLLEN HOFIN IN IlKSSK-DAKMSTADT ski'ti:mi{i:k 4 179(i A IKAItLESS ADXOtATE OK LIBERTY AND JISTU E EXILED FOU CONSCIENCE SAKE HE SOl'GHT IN A.MEHKA THE IREEDOM DENIED HIM IN THE OLD WORLD DISTIXGCISHED FOR RICH AND VAIilED LEARNING FOR UNCOMPROMISING DEVOTION TO THE CAUSE OF THE OITRESSED AND ENSLAVED AND FOR THE SIMPLICITY AND INTEGRITY OF HIS CHARACTER HE ORGANIZED IN THIS TOWN THE FREE CHRISTIAN CHURCH AND BECAME ITS FIRST PASTOR DESIGNED THE OCTAGON MEETING HOUSE HERE ERECTED AND OX HIS WAY TO ITS DEDICATION WAS LOST IN THE BURNING OF THE STEAMBOAT "" LEXINGTON " ' ON LONG ISLAND SOUND JANUARY 18 1S40 THIS TABLET ERECTED 191,J TABLET ON THE ROAD TO CONCORD. (IN THE TOWN OF LINCOLN.) AT THLS POINT. ON THE OLD CONCORD ROAD AS IT THEN WAS. ENDED TPH^ INHDNIGHT RIDE OP PAUL REVERE. HE HAD. AT AHOIT TWO o'cLOCK OF THE :M0RNING OI' VPUTL 19 177.!>. llli: NICWIT Hi:iNG I LliAK AND THE MOON IN ITS THIRD QUARTER, GOT THIS FA It ON HIS WAY FROM LeXINGION TO Concord, alarming the inhabitants as he went, when he and his co.mpanions. \\'ii.i.i AM Dawes, oi Boston, and Dr. Samuel Prescott, of Concord, were siDDENiv n \i.ri:i) isv a Bimisn patrol, who had stationed themselves at this bend OI riii; liciAP. 1) \wi:s TiitN IN-.: hai k. .madi: his i:scapi:. Piii:sc ott, cli:ahin(; tmi: stone WAl.I.. AND lOI. LOWING A PAIII KNOWN TO 1 1 1 M THKOrGH Till: LOW GUOCNI). ItlUiAINi:!) THE IIUiinVAY A'T A POINT lUUTIIEU ON, AN!) GA\ E Till: ALARM A'T CoNCOUI). RkVFKE 'TlilKD TO iii:ai II Tin: n i:iGni!on inc. wood, nri' was inteiu epti:i) by a party oi oii uehs AC COMI'AN X INi; TIIL PATltOI. ni;T\INII) AND KEPT IN AUUEST. PRESENTLY HE WASCAUHIED BY Tin: I'ATUoi. BACK 'TO Lexin(;ton, there released, and'ihat mohninc; joined Hancock and Adams, 'j'hree men oi' Lexington, Sanderson, Brown and Loring, STOPPED AT AN i:ahi ii:n hour of the night by the same pathoi.. WEin; Ai so taken back with Revere 42 PITC'AIHN S riSTOl.S, IN tAUV T.mHAIiV '/ If : i ^ . jl ^ i? ^ Hi: t^^ !! ..LO -iv ^^C:5 -.22£;-::- !! N^, \\ ■.<-i- r^^.K S^ i\i 1 //■ As n ^•\^i /./ 5^ ., .s. fD t9 Ir ^^^ .^J^-."-' ^■^- ^> ;<> °.^>, :X;" ■^ -, u > 0^ . ^ ' ' .'°4x!'' S". i^: o V T'^^^K" 3^ • , C> .-,- V ^:^'^jP- ^B''H W* "■ ^^^^* ^. A '^^ ^ ° . ^° "^c^. ^ t^ -y A ^ " O ^ -^ r ^qt> 'g -'■^!i,\y. r c- -i- ^ ^ ^ .^^ 4y r " ° DOBBS BROS. LIBRARY BINDING * ^ ST. AUGUSTINE ' ' \^ _^^ FLA. , "^ ^^^32084 VV