» o ■J \° .^*^°^ C^^n ^O q, * ^^ ^ ^ ^^^. ORATION DELIVERED BEFORE THE WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION, AT A STATED MEETING, MARCH 16th, 1813. BY A MEMBER PHILABELPinA: PRINTED FOR THE ASSOCIATION T. T. Stiles, printer. '^ N "^ %\ Vv'''^ ^ '^ "^^^ ^ s *. X <. ^ \ '>:»'\^ '»♦■-> %^ IN his valedictory address to the American People, on retiring from the stage of public life, General Wash- ington, with a parental eye towards their future welfare, admonished them to check the progress of party spirit. Had the advice of that great man been followed, we would have been at this moment a prosperous and united nation. The smiles of happiness would illumine that brow, dar- kened at present by the clouds of care. The ploughman, whistling to the gale, serene and undisturbed, would urge on his wearied team, while the hammer of the mechanic, and the cheerful song of the sailor, would " stun the glad ear" with vociferous industry. But the gloomy silence of our streets, the anxious countenances of our merchants, and the total stoppage of all business, indicate a most un- fortunate situation of affairs, while the clamorous declama- tion of politicians and the virulent denunciations of the public presses, demonstrate the rancour of party animosi- ty, and prove that we are a divided and distracted people. Despising the excellent counsel of the venerable Washing- ton, ambitious demagogues seeking to gain a name and to acquire power, have assiduously endeavoiu'ed to fan the flame of civil discord. 4 Alter having, at the expense of blood and treasure, pur- chased the independence of America, our revokitionary patriots, ever attentive to the welfare of their country, and sensible of the defective state of the existing government, took measures for forming the present glorious constitu- tion. Those A\'ho approved of it were called Federalists, as it tended more firmly to unite the different states. It met with considerable opposition from designing men, who saw, in an effective government, a barrier to their am- bitious schemes. These artful demagogues, by ffattering the people, were, by the people, in their turn, almost idolized. Using this inffuence as a ladder for their own promotion, they made a desperate effort to obtain offices and power ; and at last succeeded in their aim : — thus, arose a faction, which bidding defiance to the laws and the constitution, threatens the subversion of the liberties of America. Under the influence of this deleterious ambition, the State of Virginia- — the mighty champion of Democracy — worshipped by the factionists throughout the Union, has deliberately conceived the bold design of exclusively gov- erning the confederation. The ring-leaders of the Demo- cratic party in the diflferent states, either blind to the views of Virginia, or liberally re^varded for their aid, second her dangerous claims with their whole force : — thus forging letters for themselves and their countrymen. Among the most calamitous evils which have befallen our country — retarded its rising greatness — and blasted its growing prosperit)^, may be enumerated the preponderat- ing influence of Virginia over the councils of the nation. When the social compact, which confederated the Ameri- can Republics, was ratified by each State, it Avas explicitly understood, and lucidly explained in the instrument of union, the Constitution, that it was formed " to promote the general welflire," and not for the aggrandizement of one section at the expense of the rest. The Federal Go- vernment was calculated to establish an equality of rights among the states. It appeared in theory, and in purity of practice, a standard of Justice. It once was a beneficent stream, whose branches spreading impartially around, fer- tilized the soil in every part ; but now it is diverted from its natural channel, and while its coures, in some places, is obstructed, and there is left only a stagnant and unwhole- some pool, its waters flow through other parts with the most benign consequences. When the National Government, in direct violation of the salutary provisions and opening declaration of the con- stitution, neglects or overlooks the interest of any class of our citizens — when it evidently seeks to augment the power of one section of our country, and to diminish the influence and impede the progressive improvement of an- other — the constitution is trampled under foot ; a blow is struck at the very vitals of American liberty, and oppres- sion is established. This seems to be the present situa- tion of the United States. By the intrigues of some of her chief citizens, and by the blind infatuation, the tame acquiescence or the ineffec- tual resistance of her sister states, Virginia has obtained an uncontrolled ascendency over the administration of the union. In consequence of this usurpation of power, the interest of the other states has been disregarded, and their happiness and tranquillity essentially interrupted. In a country like the United States, comprehending so extensive a territory, and so large a sea- coast, with so great a variety of soil, siicli a clifFerencc of climate, and diversity of manners, there must necessarily be clashing interests to reconcile, serious jealousies to appease, and jarring dissen- tions to harmonize. Wise and patriotic governors should therefore legislate with impartiality, and adopt measures calculated to advance the prosperity of the union. In the interior, towards the west and to the south, the fertility of the earth directs the attention of the inhabitants to agricultural pursuits — Nature is bountiful to them in the abundance of her gifts and the facility with which they are obtained. They live in plenty and repose in ease. The inhabitants of Virginia do not in general possess a spirit of enterprise. The labour of their slaves supplying the necessity of corporal exertion, they are accustomed to find all their wants relieved by the issuing of a command. Early habituated to idleness and ease, the busy scenes of trade and the active exertions it calls forth, but unsuita- bly correspond with their slothful and sedentary habits. Though the commercial trait is not altogether unknown to them, it does not form an important feature in their cha- racter as a people. To Virginia trade is not an object of primary interest — shatter into fragments, the mighty ma- chine of commerce, and she scarcely feels the shock. With a less productive soil and greater population, our eastern brethren supply their wants by enterprise and in- dustry. Commerce, to the people of New England, and on the sea-board, is their birthright — a privilege coeval with their settlement — rendered from their locality unalie- nable, and which no circumstances, however exigent, can justify the national government in wresting from them. The Ocean invites them, and they commit themselves to Iicr bosom — Their march is on the mountain wave ; Their home is on the deep. Nature has assigned them the interminable main for the exercise of their hardy industry. Their fertile farm is the boundless sea, and the productions of every climate, and the manufactures of every country, constitute their luxuri- ant harvest. With as much justice or constitutional right, can you prohibit the plow- share of Virginia from turning up the earth, as interdict their vessels from navigating the inain. The wealth and power of the New England states are so dependant upon commerce, that by removing this pillar, the edifice of their greatness crumbles into ruins. Jealous of the power commerce bestows upon them, wishing to undermine it, and solicitous of monopolizing the government of the union, the Virginians have been ac- tive and unremitted in systematizing an hostility against the tradinsT interest. The absolute power exercised by them over their slaves, has given to their character an arbitrary and dictatorial cast, which, though it may verify the observation of Edmund Burk, that from the degradation of servitude constantly exhibited before their eyes, they are peculiarly tenacious of their freedom, makes them disregard the claims of others, and think that their will is to know no control, however it may interfere with the rights, or trample on the liberties of the rest of mankind. Commerce, which diftuses national prosperity and individual happiness, bestows wealth and power on governments, and distributes independence and plenty among the people — commerce, which unites by one common tie the human family, howe\'er separated by dks- tance ; gives to the baiTcn rock or the sandy shore, the abundance of the richest and most luxuriant soils ; pre- 8 scnts tlie swelled breast of exuberance to the parched lips of the wan and famished children of a sterile waste, and gives to life its greatest zest and most elegant refinement — commerce, which the wisest statesmen and tlie most pow- erful monarchs in all ages and every country, have patro- nised by the fostering care of the laws, has found among the chiefs of Virginia, for the gratification of their local prejudices and petty ambition, a mortal foe ; whose every act and the whole scope of whose policy has been to poi- son this glorious fountain, from whose source springs the most delightful of human enjoyments, and the greatest fe- licity of man. Upon the reins of administration passing into the hands of Jefferson, a plot was immediately formed for the ruin of commerce, by leaving it in a destitute and defenceless state. Under the imposing pretence of reducing the ex- penses of government, and establishing an economical re- form, our little nav}-; which had been wisely raised to afford protection to our trade and our sea coast, was either dismantled or sold. Was not this an assassin-like thrust at the commercial interest ? Do we not read in this insidi- ous act a premeditated design for the overthrow of com- m.erce ? Have not subsequent events afforded an illustra- tion of this policy, and clearly proved the real motive which dictated that measure ? Is it the mark of a wise statesman, for the sake of saving a trifling expense, to expose to inevitable loss, property of an incalculable amount ? Or nigardly to withhold an incon- siderable appropriation, when required for the important object of securing a revenue which would have enriched the nation ? The economy of the Virginians has proved most disastrous to the finances of the United States. What would have been sufficient to have raised a respectable naval establishment has been squandered upon gunboats that are of no use — in the purchase, at a heavy price, of a ten'itory which we might with justice have obtained by our ai'ms, and whose acquisition was principally intended to throw an additional weight into the southern scale — in the pay- ment of a ransom to a Barbary potentate whom we could with ease, have reduced to such terms as, flushed with con- quest, we might have been pleased to prescribe — in filling the coffers of the French empire by the plunder and con- fiscation of American property — and in dissipating "an overflowing treasury" and involving the nation in an enor- mous debt without securing the smallest benefit. Indeed economy seems incompatible with the character of a peo- ple like the Virginians, and quite at variance with their prac- tice. It was the cloak used by the crafty Jefferson to hide his wicked purpose of abolishing the ivdvy. Under this mask the monster crushed it. The ablest statesmen our country has produced have been persuaded that the best possible mode of defending our commerce and contending with a European nation is on the ocean with an efficient navy. The utility of a navy has been powerfully enforced, and the practicability of its establishment clearly shewn by the very man who, in defi- ance of his own conviction and in the teeth of his own arguments, robbed his country of its safest protection. Be- fore the heart of Jefferson was coiTupted by ambition, his principles tainted by the school of Machiavel, and his aflfec- tions alienated from America, he put on record his views of the policy which he thought it would be her true inte- rest to pursue, and has eloquently exhibited the fo/li/ and B 10 wickedness of his subsequent measures^ and the frivoliti/ of the pretext for adopting them. In his Notes on Virginia, he confesses that a respectable naval establishment of eighteen sail of the line and twelve frigates conld be raised in a single year, at so moderate an expense as might be spared withont inconvenience or dis- ti'ess. "While he acknov\'ledges that snch a force is neces- sary and could be easily obtained, he at the same time destroys our navy built under the auspices of our greatest men. At the period when he was friendly to commerce, he urged with importimity the absolute and indispensable im- portance of a navy ; when afterwards he desired its annihi- lation, he exerted himself to remove its safeguard and pro- tection. In the Federalist, a paper which Mr. Madison assisted to conduct, w^e find the following important sentiment : "If we mean to be a commercial people and even secure *' on our Atlantic side, we must endeavour as soon as pos- *' sible to have a navy;" and in the 41st number, the im- mediate production of his pen, he declares that "the/c/- *' pable necessity to provide and mahitain a navy, has pro- " tected that part of the constitution from a spirit of cen- " sure which has spared few other parts. " JFe are at a loss to account for the great change in the opinions of these gentlemen, in any other way, than that at the time they ex~ pressed them, they thought as Americans, but that desert- ing like Arnold, their country's cause, they have since con- spired against her, and traitorously sought the exaltation of Firginia on the ruins of the Constitution and the Union. But, gentlemen, our little navy needs no advocate. Its 11 valour is proclaimed from the canon's mouth — its eulogium is written in the blood of our foes. While defeat and dis- grace stain the banners of our army, plumed victory and glory eternal as the heavens, attend the achievements of our gallant navy ; and the applause of their countrymen and the admiration of the world, reward the exploits of its tri- umphant commanders. That the most conspicuous citizens of the United States whom the people seem to have delighted to honour, and Avho have been raised to the first offices of the common- wealth, should have stifled every feeling of gratitude and love of country, and consented to become the minions of an unprincipled tyrant, is ascribable to the same cause. While France was professedly contending for liberty, the affection which some enthusiastic Americans bore her, admitted of some plausible justification; but that she should have partizans in this country now, while her government is wielded by a blood-thirsty usurper, whose poniard is yet warm from tlie slaughter of freedom, can arise only from a coincidence of views and an accordance of policy between them and him. Bonaparte and Jefferson, intent on the same object, the annihilation of commerce ^ have taken similar steps for its attainment. While the United States maintained a good understanding with England, their vessels could ply the ocean unmolested by her n^xvy. As this however, would defeat the views of Virginia, Jef- ferson adopted measures for involving America in the Eu- ropean war, and forming an alliance with the Emperor of France. Hence has arisen the great devotion of the De- mocratic party to the cause of the ruthless tyrant. To gratify the inordinate arn].-)ition of Virginia, Jefferson 12 has endeavoured, by every artifice, to provoke a contest Avith Great Britain, with u view the more readily to destroy commerce, lessen the power and greatness of the commer- cial States, and pave the way for her grandeur and exalta- tion. Was not the treaty formed by Jay, \\hich secured to the United States peace and prosperity, received by him and his adherents with clamorous dissatisfaction ? Inde- pendent of deadening Embargoes and Non- Intercourse LaAvs, designed to cripple commerce^ have they not set themselves vigorously to work in injlaming the popular passions and fomenting rancour against England ? Upon the slightest indiscretion of an English captain, unautho- rised by his government, were not all the pack hounds of administration yelping loudly for war ? And have they not at length through misrepresentation hurried us into the contest? The war declared against Great Britain is in fact a war ivaged againat the commerce of the United States. But the most extraordinary part of this atrocious pro- ceeding is the daring attempt to conceal its true object in the blustering assertion that it was undertaken in the defence of trade. To protect our property then, we destroy it, and to prevent a highwayman from robbing us, we throw ourselves in his way, with all our fortune about us, un- armed and unprotected, inviting his depredations — a prey to his rapacity. The people who have an interest in the prosperity of commerce, disavow the propriety of the mea- sures undertaken professedly for its support. The great sympathy aftcctcd to be felt for impressed Seamen is not experienced in that section of the Union where our mari- ners dwell ; because the people there know it to be an idle 13 clamour artfully raised for abominable purposes ; the insin- cerity of which is manifest from the declaration of Mon- roe, when minister at the court of St. James, that a satis- factory arrangement with Great Britain on that subject might easily be formed, and from the treaty entered into with Erskine, framed imder the supermtcndence of Madi- 50«, professedly ixccommo&cXting ever ij dispute^ wherein our seamen were not named. Let me not be supposed to palliate the conduct of Great Britain. Her edicts have violated our rights as a neutral nation. They, however, are no more. And perhaps these obnoxious decrees may have derived their origin from the unequivocal partiality of the American rulers towards France, and their decided hostilit}^ to the British nation ; while the xvide extended commerce afloat at the period of the declaration of war ; the unprepared condition of the country ; the unprotected state of our harbours ; the small- ness of our navy, and the continuance of the war after the repeal of the orders in council, taken in conjunction with the whole course of the JefFersonian policy, authorise the conclusion that it is waged not -in defence of our rights against encroaching powers ; but to answer the ends of the southern faction, and against our merchants. That the Seamen of America do not bask in the sun- shine of administration favour, and that their interest does not, as is asserted, enter into the views of the present cabi- net, is obvious from the heavy pressure of all its mea- sures upon that class of the community ; whereby the flourishing condition of their families has been revolution- ized, by destroying the means of their maintenance; — their proud and independent spirits become broken and 14 dejected; — their wealth swept from them ; and ever}' bright prospect that cheered their sight overcast with gloom. Such are the blessed fruits of the rule of the Virginians ! How they obtained so omnipotent a sway, and why the other States submit to their domination, arises probably from an idea of their superior virtue or more exalted genius. The circumstance of the Virginians having obtained by favouritism almost the ex(-lusi^ e possession of the lucra- tive and important offices of government, and their conse- quently becoming more conspicuous and better known, has given currency to the unfounded assertion that they only are able to fill them; — mankind erroneously suppo- sing that in a republican government whose basis is virtue, merit alone is consulted in the distribution of posts of emo- lument or trust. An opinion has therefore been most in- dustriously circulated by the admirers of Virginia, that all the genius and talents of the country are centered in that State — that it is the nursery of our great characters and able stiitesmen. This is intended to reconcile us to our bondage — to make us hug and glory in our chains. If we can but be induced to believe that the Virginians are the only pilots capable of guiding the ship of state through the tempestuous sea of politics, and of steering it safely through the difficult navigation of the present times, it will be an easy matter for them to keep perpetual possession of the helm. Ideas of their brighter natural parts and supe- rior intellectual endowments are inculcated in the minds of their infants at their earliest lesson. When they first lisp, they arc taught to look upon Virginians as beings of a more exalted order than the citizens of the neighbouring States. This poisonous sentiment lias unfortunately pre- 15 vailed among us, this opiate has lulled our jealousy, and the fancied conviction of Virginian superiority has closed our Argus eyes towards her ambitious projects. The Sy- rens, by the charms of their voice, decoyed within their reach the prey whom they devoured. But is it true that every other State is barren of great men ? Has Pennsijlvania produced no meritorious citi- zens ? Did not the financial genius of a Morris, like a firm column, uphold the tottering credit of our country ? Has she not had Dickinsons in the senate and Waynes in the field ? With a bar, unrivalled in America for learning, for eloquence, and talents — with a mercantile class, solid and intelligent — with agriculturalists of great sagacity and information — with medical professors celebrated over the world — with artists, the pride and ornament of their profes- sion — -wuth philosophers and mathematicians of renown, and ingenious mechanics — the great State of Pennsylvania has been reproached by the presumptive Virginians as the Beotia of America. Pennsylvanians ! treasure in the re- pository of your memories, the recollection, that on the floor of Congress, and before the eyes of the worlds your native State has been by them branded xvith the stigma of stupidity. In support of this boasted superiority, it is said that the independent situation of the inhabitants of Virginia, obvi- ating the necessity of engaging in business, leaves them ample leisure to attend to the improvement of their minds. This is a fallacious argument insidiously calculated to de- ceive and mislead. Look at the history of mankind, at every period of chronolog}^, and in every quarter of the globe, and it does not require a Fielding's kno^^•ledge of 16 the liuman heart to be convinced that the pampered inheri- tor of wealth, satisfied with the ease it affords him, unsti- mulated by rivalship or ambition, deadens his genius by- idleness, and sinks into the mire of debauchery and excess. This is the obvious tendency of want of employment. Prompted by the impulses of an active mind, some, shak- ing off the lethargy creeping over them, may direct the whole attention of their minds to the acquisition of know- ledge. Few such, however, are to be found. But by business, the secret springs of action in the human heart, are set in movement ; latent faculties are drawn from con- cealment and brought into operation ; genius is quickened ; emulation is excited ; ambition is fired ; the volume of the world is opened and read ; and the understanding is en- larged. The Planter may learn principles from books, but he cannot know mankind without stiring from his fire- side. The Merchant often traverses the globe, and gains wisdom in the rough school of experience. Unused to action on the great theatre of the world, those natives of Virginia who have been placed in public situa- tions, have shewn great sagacity and knowledge of the theory of government, but have evinced, by many mo- mentous blunders and serious negligences, a profound igno- rance of its practical operations. They are Legislators in the Closet, but Cyphers in the Cabinet. Utopian plans of government, founded on false notions of human nature, are conceived by them with the wildest enthusiasm; yet they have proved themselves inadequate to the manage- ment of any rational system. The greatest misfortune that has yet visited our country, was the choice of the visionary sage of Virginia to the executive chair. 17 But we can never forget that the immortal Washington was born in Virginia. Yet his education differing materi- ally from that in general received by the Virginians, form> ed hiin in another mould. Early habituated to business, a surveyor for lord Fairfax, no idle hours hung heavy on him or enervrted his genius. He was unremittedly active. Industrious habits and attention to business marked his career. This most disinterested and magnanimous of mankind, suffered no mean views of raising his native State on the ruins of its neighbours to find entrance into his liberal policy. Washington and his patriotic disciples in every part of the Union, sought only the good of Ame- rica. They were practical politicians. But such is the present encroachment of State influence, that the foulest crime a man can commit, is to oppose the Supremacy of Virginia. Let him have rendered the most important services to his country ; let his opinions on im- portant political events correspond with the popular senti- ment, yet if he dare breathe an insinuation against the right of Virginia to rule the nation, the battery of every venal press is suddenly opened upon him, and he who before was regarded as a spotless patriot is denounced as a tory and an apostate. De Witt Clinton is an ambitions demagogue^ an aspiring adventurer^ because, forsooth! his claims to the Presidency clashed with the interest of the Virginia faction. The citizens of Boston are reviled as rebels and miscreants because they have independence enough to think and act as become freemen ; and start with horror at the idea of beino: voked with a nea:ro slave and chained to the car of a southern despot. This is truly a critical moment. Danger, with her scowl- c 18 ing brow, froAvns on us. The freedom of Elections — tlie hfe'^s blood of the American Constitution — the vital prin- ciple of our government — has been violated. On the elec- tion ground, where the most uninterrupted freedom should exist — uhcre the will should be spontaneous and the judg- ment unchained — the soldiers of the United States attemp- ted to intimidate by the beat of the drum, while the orga- nized mob of government actually drove those who would not boiv down and worship their Idol from the hallowed spot. When we contemplate this shocking corruption and reflect that by this means the Virginians have again pos- sessed themselves of the government of the country, we tremble for the consequences. With the aid of a mob, and supported by a vast standing army, entirely under their control — may they not eflfuce every vestige of fi'eedom at our future elections, and wrest our liberties from us? — Accuse me not of an attempt to raise unfounded fears and sound unnecessary alarms. The small cloud scarcely dis- cernible above the horizon denotes the approach of a fright- ful storm. The winds of heaven may harmlessly disperse it, but, dark and terrific, with a furious blast, it may ap- proach and overwhelm us. The inexperienced seaman sees no danger in the distant sky ; while the veteran mari- ner anticipates the tempest, and prepares his bark to wea- ther it. But Americans, let us not weep in fear and despondency over the misfortunes of our country — let us rather strive to amend them. By a steadfast adherence to the principles of Washing- ton, as the sheet anchor of our safety, and by union and ly exertion in opposing the attempts of the wicked and design- ing, we may yet shield the Uberties of our country, an^ save ourselves from the dominion of tyranny. j Docs the keen-eyed jealousy of Freedom sleep? HavJ! the sentinels of Libert)- deserted their post and suffered the tyrant to approach? Do we already hear the clank ingi of our chains? Is the ton;h of Liberty extinguished? — \ Arouse my brethren and keep alive the flame! Guard the consecrated altar of Freedom from contamination! Parry ^ the stab meditated at your Rights. S9 W %'' .° .^*^°^ V o A o. * '^^ * ^-Jv * "»** .o'^ •j^:SS^^'^ v5 J* ^» •; '^o v^ •- ,,U >p^'