Lfl 339 ■ , .fl* ^^ illlllllllllilllllllllllllilllillllllllilllillllllllllllllllilllllllllllll Copy EDUCATION IN ALBANY AN OPPORTUNITY AND A BUSINESS iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiy^ EDUCATION IN ALBANY AN OPPORTUNITY AND A BUSINESS ISSUED BY THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE OF THE ALBANY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE llllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliy^^ IIBWARY OF C0NQ«eS8 KfCfilVEO cq t3 <^' INTRODUCTION By PRESIDENT A. R. BRUBACHER Chairman Committee on Education rHE pages of this book frankh present Alban})'s educational facilities as a business proposition. In this it is a book without precedent. Business men are asked to think of the schools and colleges of their cit^ in terms of investment, income and present value. Unexpected values ivill be found and ever]) citizen ma\; compute for himself annual cash increments from the investment. But it is well to remember that the present value is great because of the high character of those teachers, leaders and founders who have for more than a century put their best endeavors into the work of education in Alban]). It is their investment in high character that the Albany of toda'y measures as a commercial asset. It remains for us in nineteen hundred twent})-two to maintain these high traditions and hand down an ever richer heritage- LMi^i«i^L>: EDUCATION An Opportunity and a Business in the Capital City WHAT educational opportunity will be possible for my children? This is the most important question a man asks who is seeking a home. Albany answers this question with a completeness hardly realized even by her own residents. It is possible for a child to spend seventeen years here in regular public school courses — kindergarten one year, grades eight years, high school four years, and State College four years. That is, this city says to the prospective resident, " Here your child may be taken at five years of age, trained for seventeen years without expense to you and at a total cost of $1258.79 to the city and $1000 to the state, according to the present budget, a total gift of $2258.79." If the preference is for private or parochial training, then the opportunity is equally complete. The Catholic schools offer the same well-rounded courses beginnmg with the kmdergarten, extendmg through the grades, with four high schools for boys and girls and two colleges for girls. There are also private tuitionary schools for boys and for girls that take young children through the grades and prepare for college. In addition to the regular academic institutions there are schools for those requiring special consideration. In the public schools special classes are provided for those mentally retarded, for the anemic, tuberculous and deaf and for those of poor vision. A vocational school furnishes a two year course for boys and girls who prefer to prepare for a trade rather than for a more advanced academic training, and a continuation school cares for one thousand working girls and boys by giving them the type of educa- tion for which they are best fitted, — mechanical, commercial or domestic arts. Evening schools last year registered over 2150 pupils. They offer courses ranging all the way from " first EngHsh " for the foreigners who wish to learn our language, through the several grades to advanced work in science, mathematics and technical studies. 1 he professional schools offer a wide range of opportunity- Here one may study and graduate in pedagogy, law, medicine or pharmacy, become a registered nurse or a professional librarian, or do advanced research work in laboratory. This advantage is enhanced by the splendid state library of 593,360 bound volumes and 150,000 pamphlets — total valua- tion over a million dollars, one of the largest reference libraries in the country, which offers rare opportunities to all professional students for study and research. Alban]) Chamber of Commerce Such in brief are the educational opportunities in this city; but as a business, education here surpasses, both in investment and in the amount of its payroll, that of any other single enterprise: INVESTMENT Public Schools $2,911,900 Parochial Schools 2,181,700 Private Schools 197,700 Professional Schools 1,725,000 State Education Building 6,000,000 $13,016,300 The combined capital of the 382 industries of this city amounts to $39,529,000. Therefore there is invested here in education, including the State Education Building — which is devoted solely to education — approximately one-third as much capital as is invested in all industries, or to reverse this form, one dollar is invested in property producing educa- tion for every three dollars producing a commercial product. The total payroll is based on schedules where they exist, and where they do not, — as in parochial and some private schools, — they are estimated. The following table shows the totals by schools: Professional employees Mechcinical teachers Salary force Salary Total Public .v.. 510 $912,78185 37 $59,132 84 $971,914 69 Private 56 88.895 00 t4 t4,800 00 93,695 00 Parochial (including . living) 202 1 170,690 00 t23 t27,600 00 198,290 00 Professional 276 447,695 92 'r20 t32,000 00 479,695 92 *Stale Education De- partment 432 704,740 00 93 95,460 00 800,200 00 1476 $2,324,802 77 177 $218,992 84 $2,543,795 61 In industry there are employed: Office force 1990 — wage earners 11,216 — total 13,206. In education there are employed: Teachers 1476, mechanical force 177. Therefore there is one person engaged in education for every eight in industry- Or eliminate the " office force " * Includes only those working in this city- t Estimated. Report of the Committee on Education 1990 in industry and the " mechanical janitorial force " in education 1 77, then there are two teachers for every 1 5 " wage earners " in industry. In industry the payroll is — office employees $3,874,000, shop employees $10,872,000, total $14,746,000. In education it is for teachers $2,324,- 802.77, for mechanical force $218,992.84, total $2,543,795.61. Therefore one dollar is spent here for education to every $5.80 spent in industry, and one dollar for actual teaching wages to every $4-67 for wages in industry. The second industry, — railroading being first, is that of printing which now employs 1 100 men at a total annual salary of $1,338,000. The industry of education therefore exceeds that of printing — in number of employees by 34 per cent, and in amount of salary by 90 per cent. It is estimated that at least 95 per cent, of this $2,543,795.61 is spent in the city and practically all of it for the city residents, from which some idea may be obtained of the commercial value of education as an industry in this city. But there is another commercial asset generally overlooked — that is, the non-resident student who comes here for an education and must spend his money for his support while living here. In the several private and professional schools there are now enrolled 1887 resident and 2000 non-resident students. A careful estimate based upon several questionnaires shows the average annual expenditure of the non-residents in the city to be $750. This amounts to $1 ,500,000. If these schools were not here and the 1887 resident students were required to go elsewhere to secure the type of education herein offered, it is reason- able to assume they would spend elsewhere at the same rate. This would amount to $1,415,250. On this basis therefore the professional and private tuitionary schools bring to and save for this city the extraordinary amount of $2,915,250. The following table will show the potential annual value of the schools to Albany business men: Salaries $2,543,795 61 Non-resident students 1 ,500,000 00 Resident students 1 ,41 5,250 00 Total $5,459,045 61 No figures for comparison in this particular with other business enter- prises in this field are avciilable, but comparison may be made with the city budget. This for the year 1922 was: 8 Albany Chamber of Commerce Education $913,331 00 Police 395,461 50 Fire 392,230 00 Other items 1,315,037 63 Total $3,016,060 13 Therefore, this amount is over twelve times the amount spent by this city for fire or pohce and over five times the amount spent for education. It is one and one-half times the budget for the expense of the whole city administration. The value of the annual product of industry in this city is $45,455,000, that of education is the training of 23,500 boys and girls, besides 2000 men and women in evening schools and over I 000 in the summer schools — the value of which is beyond price. This in brief shows the position that education occupies in the business and life of this city. A brief history of the several institutions is here given that residents as well as strangers may know how education has become a part of the civic and business life of this city. It is desirable that those who now reside here as well as those who contem- plate becoming residents may know the history and present status of our several schools: Report of the Committee on Education THE BEGINNINGS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN ALBANY THE Dutch believed in education and they gave proof of it here as they did elsewhere in their colonies. The congregation of the church at Fort Orange in the summer of 1650 requested the Reverend Wilhelmus Crasmeer, a brother-in-law of Dominie Megapolensis, to fill the pulpit. It was while he was pastor to the people of the manor that the latter held a meeting to consider the practicability of building a school house in the church neighborhood. The money was soon contributed, the school house built and furnished and on September 9, 1650, Andrass Jansen was elected teacher of the children of the patrons of the school who in the following year tendered him a gift of twenty dollars. In 1 664 Fort Orange was surrendered to the English, its name was changed to Albany, but few other changes were made. When Governor Nicholls visited the village in August, 1665, he gave a long list of written instructions to the commander of Fort Albany. In order that the children of the Dutch inhabitants might be taught to speak, read and write English correctly, he granted the following license: " Whereas the teaching of the English tongue is necessary in this gov- ernment, I have therefore thought fit to give license to John Shutte to be the English Schoolmaster at Albany; and upon condition that John Shutte shall not demand any more wages from each scholar than is given by the Dutch to their Dutch Schoolmasters. I have further granted to the said John Shutte that he shall be the only English Schoolmaster at Albany." The need of a Schoolmaster to instruct the children in the city is thus expressed in a resolution of the Common Council of the eighth of April, 1721. " Whereas it is very requisite and necessary that a fitt and able school- master settle in this city for teaching and instructing of the youth in spelling, reading, writeing and cyffering and Mr. Johannis Glansfdorf haveing offered his service to settle here and keep a school if reasonably encouraged by ye Corporation, it is therefore Resolved by this Comonalty and they do hereby oblige themselves and their successors to give and procure unto ye said Johannis Glansfdorf free house and rent for the term of seaven years next ensueing for keeping a good and commendable school as becomes a diligent Schoolmaster." A number of the inhabitants of the city and county of Albany desiring to have their children receive a higher education than that obtainable in 10 Albany Chamber of Commerce the schools which were then in Albany, petitioned the Common Council, in April, 1779, that they might be permitted to establish in the city a seminary to be under the protection, direction and care of the aldermen. The authorities willingly complied and letters were written to George Merchant of Philadelphia, offering him the position of principal of the institution. He accepted the offer and the academy was opened by him for the reception of scholars on Monday, the sixteenth of November, in the peculiarly built house, historically known as the " Vander-Huyden Palace," near the southwest corner of North Pearl and Maiden Lane, now the site of the Perry Building- A few weeks thereafter Suel Chapin was given the position of " Usher or second master of the Seminary." In 1797 the building, which had been used for almost a score of years for educational purposes, was then occupied as a residence by its owner, Jacob van der Heyden. A writer thus spoke of the city in 1 789: " Seven or eight years ago a competent English teacher was scarcely to be found. Now we have an academy, which flourished under the direction of Mr. Merchant, a gentleman who has always given such proof of his abilities as to render encomium entirely superfluous." The Lancastrian School, founded in 1812 and continued until 1834 by a group of public spirited citizens, was so called because it was con- ducted upon the educational principles laid down by Joseph Lancaster of England. He believed that one who learned should impart that knowl- edge and so evolved teachers from the pupils themselves. He also adopted the " Monitor System " and in this way a very large school could be cared for by very few teachers. In 1817 the school of four hundred pupils moved into its permanent home, the building now occupied by the Albany Medical College. This house was built by order of the Common Council, at an expense of $23,918.93, was capable of accommodating four hun- dred and fifty children and a large infant school and afforded a residence for the principal. In 1 834 the school was discontinued. The history of the Public Schools of Albany evidently begins on the seventeenth of April, 1 830, when the legislature passed the act which provided that the members of a Board of School Commissioners and also a Board of School Inspectors should be annually elected by the people; a Commissioner and Inspector in each ward. The Board of Commissioners was empowered to appoint three trustees for each school district, the city havng nine districts. The first public school buildmg was erected in 1832 in State Street and was known as district-school No. 2. By the new law of the eighth of April, 1844, the mayor, the recorder and the Report of the Committee on Education resident regents of the university were directed to appoint a board of nine school commissioners, three to serve three years, three tw^o years, and three one year, and at the end of the terms to appoint their successors. The offices of inspectors and trustees were abolished by this law. Although the legislature in 1 85 I passed the law establishing free schools throughout the state, the city schools were not benefited by it until the following year. In 1855 the board of school commissioners was changed to the board of education of the city of Albany. On the seventh of April, 1866, the legislature passed the act to create the board of public instruction in the city and to establish free schools therein. In 1 866 there were fifteen schools, six thousand forty five pupils were registered and there was a daily attendance of 4037. Henry B. Haswell, first superintendent of schools and secretary was elected June 7, 1 866 and served until his death in 1 869. After his death John O. Cole served as superintendent until his death in 1878. He was succeeded by his son. Dr. Charles W. Cole, who held the office till his death in 1912. The present superintendent. Dr. C. Edward Jones, was appointed upon the death of Dr. Cole. The present board of education consists of William S. Dyer, president, Eugene B. Sanford and William G. Furlong. As early as 1858 we find the Board of Education calling attention to the need of a high school, but the Civil War and higher taxes prevented further action until 1 866, when the Board appointed a committee " to inquire into and report on the necessity for organizing a Free Academy to be connected with and form a part of the Public School system of the city." After the report of the Committee discussion ran high until July 15, 1867, when the Board directed its Committee to find a suitable place to open a high school. " On a dark stormy morning the seventh of Sep- tember, 1867, one hundred and forty-one shy but earnest boys and girls gathered with their teachers and a few devoted friends of the nev\' enter- prise to organize the Albany Free Academy." The building where they gathered was on State Street, known as Van Vechten Hall, and was originally used as the freight and passenger station for the first bit of railway in this state — the old Hudson and Mohawk Railroad, running from Albany to Schenectady — and was perhaps the first railroad depot in the United States. May 4, 1876, the high school building on the east side of Eagle Street, between Columbia and Steuben Streets, was opened. This building cost $ 1 40,000. The school flourished and the building was badly over Report of the Committee on Education 13 crowded for several years before the new school located on Lake Avenue between Western and Washington Avenues was opened in September, 1913. This building with its equipment cost a million dollars and is already tcixed beyond its capacity so that " double sessions " are necessary. New Buildings Planned At the present time four new elementary schools are being planned and one new building is actually under construction. These are of the most modern type and will cost approximately one and one-quarter million. The high school is crowded beyond its capacity and plans are under way for relieving it by constructing two junior high schools at a cost of approxi- mately another million and a quarter. In the near future two and one- half millions will be spent for public school improvements. Public Schools — June, 1922 Elementary Schools — including vocational, ungraded, part-time, and special classes No. Schools ^ — 25 plus 3 annexes No. Teachers ■ — 4 1 7 Salary— $739,394.90 No. pupils registered — 1 1 ,443 Total assessed value of property — $2,1 15,900 High School No. Teachers — 79 Salary— $157,350.45 No. pupils registered — 1 ,836 Total assessed value of property — $796,000 Evening Schools No. Teachers — 68 Salary— $16,036.50 No. pupils registered — 2150 Public Schools Albany High School — Western and N. Lake Avenues — Harry E. Pratt, principal Enrollment — 1 85 1 Courses offered — Classical; Academic; Commercial Assessed valuation ■ — $800,000 Report of the Committee on Education 15 Boys Vocational School — 196 Morton Avenue — E. A. T. Hap- good, director Enrollment ■ — 74 Courses offered — Elementary and first two years academic; Print- ing; Woodworking; Drawing; Machine Shop Practice Assessed valuation- — $23,400 Girls Vocational School ^ — In High School Building ^ — E. A. T. Hapgood, director Enrollment — 68 Courses offered — Elementary and first two years academic ; Cook- ing; Millinery; Dressmaking Assessed valuation ^ — (See High School) Part-time School — Broadway and N. Lawrence Street — John W. Park, principal Enrollment — 894 Courses offered — Bookwork; Household Arts; Industrial Arts; Electrical Work; Sheet Metal Work; Commercial Subjects; Dressmaking; Printing Assessed valuation ^ — $38,000 Ungraded School — In School No. 11, 409 Madison Avenue — Rachel Dunn, principal Enrollment — 43 Courses offered ■ — Elementary Assessed valuation — (See School 11) School No. 1 — Bassett Street, cor. Franklin Street — Katherine G. McKiernan, principal Enrollment — 414, Primary Assessed valuation — $37,000 School No. 2 — 29 Chestnut Street — Charles H. Jones, principal Enrollment — 363, Grammar Assessed valuation — $40,000 School No- 3 — Watervliet Avenue, cor. Hunter Avenue — Mary A. Simpson, principal Enrollment — 337, Primary Assessed valuation ^ — $27,000 School No. 4 — (Burned) Madison Avenue and Ontario Street— ^ Ed- ward S. Deevey, principal Enrollment ■ — 1 66, Grammar Assessed valuation — $30,000 ^ ^ /'A^MKS'^ Report of the Committee on Education 1 7 School No. 5 — 206 N. Pearl Street — Charles W. Blessing, principal Enrollment — 405, Grammar Assessed valuation — $45,000 School No. 5 Annex ■ — 735 Broadway Enrollment — 1 1 3, Primary A rented building School No. 6 — 105 Second Street — ^Wm. S. Schneider, principal Enrollment^ — 632, Grammar Assessed valuation ■ — $86,000 School No. 7 — 165 Clinton Avenue — Ida H. Latta, principal Enrollment — 253, Primary Assessed valuation ^ — $37,000 School No. 8 — -157 Madison Avenue — Carolyn N. Lawrence, prin- cipal Enrollment — 323, Primary Assessed valuation • — $40,000 School No. 9 — 333 Sheridan Avenue — Elizabeth A. Hart, principal Enrollment ■ — 218, Primary Assessed valuation ^ — $50,000 School No. 10 — N. Lake Avenue, cor. Central Avenue — Nellie B. Combs, principal Enrollment — 226, Primary Assessed valuation — $37,000 School No. 1 1 — 409 Madison Avenue — Hannah H. Walker, prin- cipal Enrollment — 336, Grammar Assessed valuation — $50,000 School No. 1 2 — Robin Street, cor. Western Avenue — Austin R. Coulson, principal Enrollment- — 496, Grammar Assessed valuation — $80,000 School No. 14 — 69 Trinity Place — John A. Naughton, principal Enrollment ■ — 998, Grammar Assessed valuation — $296,000 School No. 15 — Herkimer Street, cor. Franklin Street ^ — Mary S. Reiten, principal Enrollment — 565, Primary Assessed valuation — $70,000 18 Albany Chamber of Commerce School No. 16 — 41 N. Allen Street — Benj. I. Morey, principal Enrollment — 686, Grammar Assessed valuation — $250,000 School No. 17 — Second Avenue, cor. Stephen Street — Mary C. Hughes, principal Enrollment — 466, Grammar Assessed valuation — $48,000 School No. 18 — Bertha and Hurlbut Streets — Katherine A. Cullen, principal Enrollment — 578, Grammar Assessed valuation ■ — $250,000 School No. 19 — New^ Scotland Avenue — Anna Emmons, principal Enrollment^ — 254, Primary Assessed valuation — $250,000 School No. 20 — N. Pearl and N. Second Streets ^ — Mary A. Jones, principal Enrollment — 446, Grammar Assessed valuation — $27,000 School No. 2 I — 666 Clinton Avenue — Patrick H. McQuade, prin- cipal Enrollment — 739, Grammar Assessed valuation — $70,000 School No. 22 — 292 Second Street — Etta F. Miles, principal Enrollment — 312, Primary Assessed valuation — $24,000 School No. 23 — Whitehall Road — Howe K. Cassavant, principal Enrollment — 264, Primary Assessed valuation ^ — $150,000 School No. 24 — Delaw^are and Dana Avenues — John H. Kingsley, principal Enrollment — 379, Grammar Assessed valuation • — $55 ,000 Report of the Committee on Education 19 CATHOLIC SCHOOLS IN ALBANY THE first parish school in America harks back to 1533 when twelve Franciscan padres founded the Gran Escuela for the Indian parish- ioners of old San Francisco in Mexico. New York has the honor of the first parish school in these United States, St. Peter's being estab- lished over a century ago; and in Albany "Old St. Mary's" opened its doors well nigh a century ago in 1 829. Not till the " forties " did any other parish school appear in this city; then St. John's and Holy Cross Schools were founded. From that time on a steady increase marks each decade, until today there are fourteen parish schools. These are all parish schools, erected and maintained by the people of the parish, and are to be distinguished from other Catholic institutions, collegiate, tuitionary, institutional ; nevertheless all are carrying on in the name of Christian edu- cation under the aegis of the Catholic Church. The Catholic school system in the City of Albany numbers two institu- tions providing college courses, Kenwood and St. Rose's College; four Parish Academies, Cathedral, St. Joseph's, St. Ann's and Vincentian; two tuitionary academies. Christian Brothers' Academy and Holy Names Academy; fourteen Parish Schools, St. Mary's, St. John's, Holy Cross, Cathedral, St. Joseph's, Our Lady of Angels, Our Lady Help of Christians, St. Patrick's, St. Ann's, St. Anthony's, St. Casimir's, Blessed Sacrament, Vincentian Institute ; three institutional schools, St. Vincent's Male and Female Orphan Asylums and St. Ann's School of Industry; and one Infant Home School providing kindergarten instruction. Departmentally the attendance is as follows: Collegiate 1 43 Academic 730 Elementary 5588 The total attendance, therefore, for the City of Albany counts 6,461 pupils. Parochial Schools, Academies and Institutions Rev. Joseph A. Dunney, Superintendent Parish High Schools The Cathedral Academy — 105 Elm Street — Rt.-Rev. J. A. Delaney, V.G., principal (Sisters of St. Joseph in charge) Enrollment — 1 75, Academic Assessed valuation — $18,000 ^ u Report of the Committee on Education 21 St. Joseph's Academy — N. Swan Street, cor. Second Street — Rt.- Rev. M. T. Looney, principal (Sisters of Charity in charge) Enrollment — 1 00, Academic Assessed valuation — $98,000 St. Ann's Academy — Franklin Street, cor. Plum Street — Rev. James Dolan, prmcipal (Sisters of St. Joseph in charge) Enrollment — 44, Academic Assessed valuation — $70,000 ViNCENTiAN High School — 773 Madison Avenue — Rev. William R. Charles, principal Enrollment • — 59, Academic Assessed valuation — $350,000 Parish Schools St. Mary's School — 7 Pine Street — Rev. J. J. Dillon, principal (Sisters of Notre Dame in charge) Enrollment — 214, Elementary Assessed valuation — $65,900 St. John's School —Dongan Avenue, cor. S. Ferry Street — Rev. W. P. Brennan, principal (Sisters of Charity in charge) Enrollment — 458, Elementary Assessed valuation — $7,000 Holy Cross School — 48 Philip Street — Rev. James Hilden, prin- cipal (Sisters of Notre Dame in charge) Enrollment- — 100, Elementary Assessed valuation — $2 1 ,000 Cathedral School — 1 30-1 36 Elm Street — Rt.-Rev. J. A. De- laney, V.G., principal (Sisters of St. Joseph in charge) Enrollment — 640, Elementary Assessed valuation ^ — $25,000 St. Joseph's School ^ — N. Swan Street, cor. Second Street — Rt.- Rev. M. J. Looney, principal (Sisters of Charity in charge) Enrollment — 746, Elementary Assessed valuation — (See above) Report of the Committee on Education 23 Our Lady of Angels School — 1 43 Sherman Street — Rev. Syl- vester Alhaus, principal (Sisters of St. Francis in charge) Enrollment • — 259, Elementary Assessed valuation ^ — $35,000 Ol'r Lady Help of Christians — 3 Krank Street — Rev. Henry A. Miller, principal (Sisters of St. Francis in charge) Enrollment- — 182, Elementary Assessed valuation ^ — $5,300 St. Patrick's Institute — Sherman Street, near N. Lake Avenue — Rev. William F. O'Connor, principal (Sisters of Mercy in charge) Enrollment^ — 600, Elementary Assessed valuation — $135,900 St. Ann's School — Franklin Street, cor. of Plum Street — Rev. James Dolan, principal (Sisters of St. Joseph in charge) Enrollment — 455, Elementary Assessed valuation — (See above) St. Anthony's School — 8-10 Elm Street — Rev. Emmett A. O'Con- nor, principal (Sisters of St. Joseph in charge) Enrollment — 134, Elementary Assessed valuation ■ — $ 1 ,500 St. Casimir's School — 309—313 Sheridan Avenue — Rev. B. Molejkajtys, principal (Sisters of the Resurrection in charge) Enrollment — 331, Elementary Assessed valuation — $35,000 Blessed Sacrament Institute — 607 Central Avenue — Rev. Robert M. Reilly, principal (Sisters of Mercy in charge) Enrollment — 331 , Elementary Assessed valuation — $25,000 ViNCENTlAN Institute — Madison Avenue, cor. Ontario Street — Rev. William R. Charles, principal (Sisters of Mercy in charge) Enrollment — 495, Elementary Assessed valuation — (See above) I tc Report of the Committee on Education 25 Tuition Academies Christian Brothers' Academy — 41-43 Lodge Street — Brother Edward, principal (Christian Brothers in charge) Courses offered — Academic Enrollment — 247 boys Assessed valuation- — $65,000 Holy Names Academy — ^ Madison Avenue and Robin Street — Mother Fredericka, principal (Sisters of the Holy Names in charge) Enrollment — 1 90 Assessed valuation — $352,700 Institutional Schools St. Vincent's Male Orphan Asylum — 391 Western Avenue — Brother Robert, principal (Christian Brothers in charge) Enrollment — I 69, Elementary Assessed valuation — $200,000 St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum ^ — 106 Elm Street — Sister Genevieve, prmcipal (Sisters of Charity in charge) Enrollment — 156, Elementary Assessed valuation — $90,000 St. Ann's School of Industry — West Lawrence Street — Sister Mary of St. Ida, directress (Sisters of Good Shepherd in charge) Enrollment^ — 25, Elementary Assessed valuation- — $250,000 Infant Home School — N. Main Avenue — Sister Louise, principal (Sisters of Charity in charge) Enrollment — 22, Elementary Assessed valuation — (Included in Brady Hospital) 26 Albany Chamber of Commerce Colleges Sacred Heart Academy ^ — Kenwood — Rev. Mother Moran, R. S. C. J., principal (Religious of the Sacred Heart in charge) Enrollment — 1 1 I Assessed valuation- — $250,500 College of St. Rose — 979 Madison Avenue — Sister Rosina, dean (Sisters of St. Joseph in charge) Enrollment- — 50 Assessed valuation ^ — $75,000 Report of the Committee on Education 27 PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN any complete educational system the private school is an essential unit, with a function distinct from that of the higher institution of learning and that of the public school. By means of private endow- ment and revenues from tuition it provides courses of study which, though luxuries to a large per cent of the school population, are considered necessities by some who intend to pursue their education beyond the high school. A considerable number of citizens in any community demand edu- cation opportunities, special courses, restricted classes, individual attention, for their children which public funds cannot be expected to supply. Prospective citizens frequently determine their residence by the possibility of obtaining these advantages for their children without having to send them away to boarding-school and away from the influences of the home. The city of Albany can offer this type of school to its citizens in great variety and of such a standard as challenges comparison. Four schools with a combined age of three hundred years and with excellent equipment in physical plant and teaching force have brought to the city a body of men and women who have contributed notably to the economic, social and spiritual strength of the community. All of them are functioning today at the peak of their efficiency and with the brightest prospects for their future. No man need hesitate to take up his residence here for fear that his child will lack this special opportunity for his development. Albany Academy The Albany Academy, founded in 1813, is one of the few survivors of the academies which were so numerous in the State before the coming of the public high school. The Academy is rich in its history and tradition, numbering among its principals and teachers such famous educators as Dr. Romeyn T. Beck, Dr. David Murray and the famous electrical genius, Joseph Henry. During the last forty years, especially under the head- mastership of Dr. Henry Pitt Warren, the school has been transformed into a modern college preparatory school, doing its work in such fashion that no school in the country has a better record in the examinations of the College Entrance Examination Board. A military battalion over fifty years' old is a valuable organization in the school, and a fifteen-acre athletic field is being put into shape for a full program of physical educa- Girls Academy Report of (he Committee on Education 29 tion. The school building is architecturally perfect, the work of Thomas Hooker. Value of property $350,000 Number of teachers 20 Number of boys 333 Courses offered: Elementary School: Regular. Secondary School : Classical and Scientific Special features: Military training; limitation of work solely to college preparation; new 15-acre athletic field Total salary budget, $43,145 Dr. Henry Hun, president, Islay F. McCormick, head master The Albany Academy for Girls, founded originally in 1814 as the Albany Female Academy, owes its origin to Betsey Foote, the daughter of Ebenezer Foote, who while planning doubtless for the education of an only child, could have had no thought of the more complicated education which would be needed 1 08 years later. The academy began in a small building on Montgomery Street, progressing to the larger building in 1821, thence to the classic building on Pearl Street in 1 834, from which, because of the encroaching tide of business, it moved to the present building, erected largely through the enthusiastic activity of the Alumnae, in 1 893. The ideals of the school have always been those of a thorough education, naturally varying with the needs of the times. Today, while offering general and special courses, the emphasis is laid upon a thorough preparation for college. The school also offers exceptional advantages in piano and vocal music and elementary art. The entire course of study is twelve years, beginning with the child of six and ending with full prepara- tion for entrance into college. Value of property, real $93,980 Total value of property, including investments 241,991 Number of teachers I ' Number of girls enrolled '32 Courses offered: (a) In elementary school, Regular (b) In secondary school, Latin, General and College Preparatory 30 Alhan)) Chamber of Commerce Special Features: Music cuid particular attention to college preparatory work Total salary budget, $17,550 Number of pupils non-resident: (a) Those who go home nights 15 (b) Those who do not go home nights 9 Hon. Alden Chester, president. Miss Louise Camp, principal St. Agnes School Saint Agnes School for Girls was opened October, 1 870, by the late Rt.-Rev. William Croswell Doane, D.D., D.C.L., first Bishop of Albany. By an Act of Legislature passed March 14, 1871 (Chapter 101, Laws 1871 ), The Corning Foundation for Christian Work in the Diocese of Albany was incorporated " for the establishment, maintenance and management in the city of Albany of a School or Schools and other edu- cational, religious and charitable works and institutions," etc. Saint Agnes School for Girls was the first work undertaken by this corporation. Value of properly, $250,000 Number of teachers: Principal, 19 teachers, 3 visiting teachers and trained nurse Number of girls enrolled 1 78 Number of girls non-resident: (a) Those who go home at night 16 (b) Those remaining at night 41 Courses offered : (a) Elementary School — Regular — I-VIII Grades (b) Secondary School — Classical Special Features: College Preparatory Course; excellently equipped boarding department offering advantages of city environment. Rt. Rev. Richard H. Nelson, D.D., president. Miss Matilda Gray, principal Milne High School The Milne High School, as it is now called, was first organized by Dr. William J. Milne shortly after coming to State College in February, 1 890. The school, has, therefore, celebrated its thirty-second commencement. Dr. Milne's object in establishing the school was to provide a practice high school which should serve as a practice ground for the students in State College. Report of the Committee on Education 31 In 1911 the school previously called the Normal High School became the High School Department of the State College for Teachers, and only received its present appropriate name in 1916. Number of teachers: 7 regular (Principal and six regularly em- ployed supervismg teachers) ; 52 student teachers Number of pupils: 206 resident pupils. Courses offered: College entrance. Classical, Scientific and Com- mercial. Special Features: The school is closely ccMinected with the State College for Teachers, and is a training school for the seniors of that institution, where they teach small classes under very close supervision. The school has a student council which looks after all the entertain- ments and athletics of the school, all of which are provided for by special, self-imposed tax. Salary Schedule: $14,700. John M. Sayles, Principal. Private Catholic Schools Christian Brothers Academy Holy Names Academy Sacred Heart Academy See ■■ Catholic Schools under " Tuition Academies " and "" Colleges " I Report of the Committee on Education 33 PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES N Albany professional education has been developed to a very high degree. The professional schools are as follows: New York State College for Teachers Albany Business College Albany College of Pharmacy Albany Law School Albany Medical College Dudley Observatory College of St. Rose Bender Hygienic Laboratory Albany Hospital St. Peter's Hospital Homeopathic Hospital Anthony Brady Maternity Hospital and Infant Home New York State Library School New York State College The New York State College for Teachers was founded by legislative act of May 7, 1 844. By action of the Board of Regents, March 13, 1890, the institution was authorized to grant the degree of Bachelor of Pedagogy, Master of Pedagogy and Doctor of Pedagogy to " such persons as complete the prescribed course of instruction." By action of the Board of Regents, December 14, 1905, it was decreed " that requirements for admission to the State College shall be those laid down by the eastern colleges of good standing"; "that the college main- tain a four-year course of Studies in liberal arts and pedagogics " ; " that all students shall be required to pursue such subjects of study as are deemed essential to a liberal education"; "that such professional courses as are fundamental in the training of teachers shall be required of every student " ; "that the college be empowered to grant the degrees of B.A., B.S., and Pd.B." By action of the Board of Regents, April 30, 1914, it was decreed "that the college be authorized to confer in the name and in behalf of the Board of Regents the degree of Master of Arts in Education and other proper graduate degrees upon the graduates of the State College and of Report of the Committee on Education 35 other colleges and universities who shall duly earn the same in graduate courses. By action of the Board of Trustees of the College the firiit summer session was established in the summer of 1917. There are 58 on the teaching staff of the College; 36 on the Summer Session staff. During the present college year (1922-1923) there are 845 students m attendance and there were 935 students m attendance at the summer session in 1922. . . Fifteen units of high school work are required for entrance consistmg of the following: (1) Required subjects '^ """' English ^!^2 Algebra ' /2 Plane Geometry History Foreign Languages (For the B.S. Degree 1 unit of Science and 5 in Foreign Language) (2) Elective subjects 2 units Greek, Latin, French, German, Spanish, Bi- ology, Solid Geometry, Trigonometry, Chem- istry, Physics, Advanced Algebra, Physical Geography, Drawing, Economics, Bookkeep- ing, Stenography There are three degrees granted — Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts. The valuation of buildings and grounds is estimated at $500,000. The college has just secured an additional campus space of two and one quarter acres. On this will be erected in the near future an educa- tional laboratory including the Milne Practice High School, Psycho- logical laboratories. Reference Reading Rooms, etc. The college will shortly secure a dormitory from the contributions of its loyal graduates. The yearly payroll amounts to $227,300. There are 1560 resident students in the technical meaning of the term. Of this number 225 either reside in Albany or commute from nearby townsv Tuition is free to all students who reside in New York State but students from other states pay $40 tuition per year. A. R. Brubacher, Ph.D., president, Harlan H. Horner, A.M., Pd.b.. dean. Report of the Committee on Education 37 Albany Business College The Albany Business College is located at 83 North Pearl Street. It was founded in 1 85 7 as a member of the Bryant and Stratton chain of business colleges. Its first home was at 448 Broadway, then 43-45 North Pearl Street, and after that 51-53 North Pearl Street, coming to its present building, 79-87 North Pearl Street in 1887. Up to 1884 the principal subjects taught were bookkeeping, business law, business arithmetic and business penmanship (Spencerian) , with some English branches ; and its students were almost entirely young men. In 1 884 the teaching of shorthand and typewriting was started; and young women began to study business in good numbers. The men most prominent in its history have been S. S. Packard, founder and principal 1857-1859; E. E. Folsom, principal 1863-1884 and John R. Carnell, principal 1884-1920. There are from 20 to 25 teachers on the teaching staff at all times. There are about 1000 students attending the college yearly, with a constant average of about 500. It is contemplated adding advanced accounting and secretarial courses and erecting a new school home. The yearly payroll amounts to about $40,000. John R. Carnell, manager, Benton S. Hoit, principal. DEPARTMENT OF UNION UNIVERSITY Albany College of Pharmacy The Albany College of Pharmacy is located at 43 Eagle Street. It was created by act of the Board of Governors of Union University on June 21, 1 88 1 , and constitutes the Department of Pharmacy of Union University. It was incorporated as the Albany College of Pharmacy on August 27, 1881. "Each institution, retaining its own property, is separately managed by its own Board of Trustees." Since that time the faculty has been increased and the laboratory equipment has been enlarged to meet the practical and scientific needs of the time. The change thus effected enables the Albany College of Pharmacy to offer one of the best courses in pharmacy in the United States. Two degrees are offered: the Graduate in Pharmacy degree (Ph. G.) secured after successfully completing two years of college work; the Pharmaceutical Chemist degree (Ph. C.) covering three years of college work. Co Report of the Committee on Education 39 There are eleven on the teaching staff, ten of whom are compensated for their work. At the present time there are 2 1 8 students in attendance. Seventeen of the students in attendance live in Albany and the other 201 room and board in or near the city. In 1923 the entrance requirement for the study of Pharmacy in the State of New York will be raised from two years of high school work to at least three full years of high school work or 54 Regents counts. In I 924 high school graduation will be required for entrance. The building in which the college is housed at present is rented from the Humane Society. The equipment on hand is estimated at approxi- mately $21,676. It is planned that the Albany College of Pharmacy will erect within the next few years a modern College of Pharmacy building on a site afford- ing ample grounds for the development of a botanic garden which will be open to the citizens of Albany. Several thousand dollars have already been raised by the Alumni for providing the most modern equipment. The salaries of professors and instructors amount to approximately $18,000 a year. Charles Gibson, president of board, WilHam Mansfield, A.M., Phar.D., dean. The Albany Law School The Albany Law School is located at 239 to 245 State Street. Although always known as the Albany Law School, from the beginning the institution has been a component part of a university. On the I 7th of April, 1 85 I , the Legislature passed an act incorporating the University of Albany. The university possessed the usual power to grant diplomas and confer degrees and honors with all the customary immunities attached. Its field of operation was unlimited. It was empowered to create a department of law together with any other depart- ments that might be deemed wise and expedient. It is under this charter that the school was organized and still continues to act. It began its active work on the 1 6th of December, 1 85 I . With such a school as a center, it was the hope of the promoters that the remaining departments would follow and the purpose of the university be fully realized. These were never permanently established. The Albany University having failed to materialize as such, the law school, medical college and Dudley observatory were, in 1873, united with Union College in the formation of Union University, of which the ►-1 CIh Report of the Committee on Education 41 School of Pharmacy later became a member. The university is controlled by a board of governors, with representatives from each of its depart- ments. Hon. Simon W. Rosendale held, with great acceptability, the position of president of the board up to a recent period, the head of the university being the president of the college, with the title of chancellor. There are 15 teachers on the teaching staff with a total enrollment of 305 students. Of this number 250 are resident students and 55 non- resident students. Graduation from an accredited four year high school or academy is required for entrance. The degree of Bachelor of Laws is granted to those students who successfully complete the course. The yearly payroll amounts to approximately $20,000. It is contemplated that a new building will be erected within a short time. Of the 1 5 teachers on the staff 1 2 are salaried and 3 are non-salaried. Hon. William P. Rudd, president, J. Newton Fiero, dean. Albany Medical College The Albany Medical College is located on Eagle Street, between Lancaster and Jay Streets. It was organized in 1838 and incorporated in 1839, in which year its first class was graduated. Pursuant to the Act of Incorporation of Union University in 1873, Union College (Schenectady), the Albany Medical College, Albany Law School, Dudley Observatory and later the Albany College of Pharmacy, united in constituting Union University. Each institution, retaining its own property, was separately managed by its own board of trustees. To meet modern requirements for university control and in order to effectuate the provision that the Albany Medical College was the Medical Department of the University, its Trustees in 1915 appointed an Executive Committee of thirteen to control the educational policy of the Medical School, nine members of which are Governors of Union University. Also upon request of the Trustees of the Medical College the Governors of Union University have appointed a similar committee identical in personnel. The Albany Medical College had the scientific and clinical direction of major and minor services of the Albany Hospital by reason of the fact that the heads of clinical and laboratory departments of the medical school are the heads of corresponding departments in the hospital and its dispensaries. Report of the Committee on Education 43 The Executive Faculty is composed of the Chancellor of the University, the heads of the five major departments of medicine, two special depart- ments and the Dean. The advantage of such a small working faculty is apparent. There are 69 teachers on the staff. The total enrollment is 92 students. No applicant for the degree of Doctor of Medicine will be admitted to the Albany Medical College, Medical Department of Union University unless he has satisfactorily completed, in addition to a high school course, two years of work in Union College or presents equivalent credits from another approved institution as oudined below. Each candidate must present a Medical Students Certificate from the Examination Division of the Board of Regents of the State of New York. No entrance con- ditions are allowed. The minimum collegiate premedical work is sixty semester hours extend- ing through two years of thirty-two weeks each exclusive of holidays. The subjects included in the two years of college work should be in accordance with the following schedule: r-> ■ J c u- f-. Semester Hours Required bubjects: Chemistry (a) Physics Biology (b) 6 or 8 English Composition and Literature (c) o A Modern Foreign Language (d) Subjects Strongly Urged: Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Psychology Social Science The degree of M.D., Doctor of Medicine, is conferred upon the satis- factory completion of the course. The assessed valuation is $90,000. Ground has been given adjacent to hospital and plans are being made for the erection of a new building in direct communication with the Albany Hospital. The salary list amounts to approximately $50,000 a year. There are fifteen teachers on the payroll, and fifty-four teachers receive no compensation. . « r>k j Edward N. Huyck, president, Thomas Ordway, M.D., dean. c< Co U Report of the Committee on Education 45 Dudley Observatory The Dudley Observatory is located on South Lake Avenue near New Scotland Avenue. It is devoted to original research in astronomy, according to the purpose of its founder and successive patrons. Its contributions to science are represented in two volumes of annals and in other published volumes and memoirs contained in the transactions of learned societies and astronomical journals. Its principal line of work at present is the determination of problems relating to the positions and motions of the stars and of the solar system as a whole. The instrumental equipment of the observatory is designed for the purpose of exact measurement. In the tower of the main building is the Pruyn equatorial, with object-glass twelve inches in diameter. This instrument is equipped for both visual and photographic use, and is of a high order of mechanical perfection. The Olcott meridian circle is located in a separate building, especially designed for securing the utmost equality in the temperature between the external air and that in the building itself. Its object-glass is eight inches in diameter. It was made by Pistor and Martins of Berlin, and is regarded by astronomers as a master- piece of accurate workmanship. This instrument has been employed for many years in obtaining the measurements necessary for the construction of the numerous and elaborate star catalogues which have issued from the Dudley Observatory. In addition to these instruments, the Observatory is in possession of various small telescopes, clocks, chronographs and smaller apparatus. The institution is supported by an endowment, chiefly contributed by Mrs. Blandina Dudley, the late Catherine W. Bruce, and Hon. Fred- eric P. Olcott, as well as by appropriations which have been received from the National Academy of Science, and from current contributions of trustees and friends of the institution. Since 1902, annual grants have been made to the director of the observatory by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. These have been sufficient to provide for the entire force of assistants and computers now employed. In 1905, the Carnegie Institution made special provision for carrying on the star researches upon which the observatory is engaged. This includes an appropriation which enabled the observatory to send the Olcott meridian circle to the southern hemisphere for two years with an ample force of observers, in order to carry out an essential feature of its investigations. Report of the Committee on Education 47 The Dudley Observatory is not designed to give general instruction in astronomy, though special students contemplating instruction in professional lines are received under an arrangement of computing service to the observatory. The yearly payroll is $38,000. The observatory is opened to visitors on Tuesday evenings. The Dudley Observatory does not have any resident students. All the work done is of a research nature. William H. Sage, president, Benjamin Boss, director. College of St. Rose — (See "Catholic Schools — Colleges"). Bender Laboratory The Bender Hygienic Laboratory is located on South Lake Avenue. It was built and endowed in 1 896 by Mr. Matthew Bender as an institution for " bacterial investigation and scientific research." In earlier years the institution was closely affiliated with the Albany Medical College. Classes in pathology, bacteriology and histology were held for the medical students. This connection was broken in 1916. At the present time the activities of the institution are confined to routine diagnostic work for hospitals and physicians in and about Albany, post-graduate medical teaching and scientific research. In addition, courses in bacteriology are given to the nurses of St. Peter's and the Homeopathic Hospital, and special courses in laboratory technique to individuals. The laboratory also acts as a training school for medical graduates desiring more extensive experience in pathology. The laboratory is managed by its own board of trustees, working under a charter granted by the State. The annual payroll is $12,500. Harry H. Bender, president, Ellis Kellert, M.D., director. TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR NURSES Albany Hospital The Albany Hospital Training School for Nurses is located on New Scotland Avenue. The Board of Governors of the Albany Hospital established a school for the instruction of nurses at the Albany Hospital in the year 1 898. This school gives to young women desirous of becoming professional nurses a course of training in general nursing. Report of the Committee on Education 49 The school has been registered with the Regents since 1905. It is conducted by the superintendent of nurses under the authority of the super- intendent of the hospital. No tuition fee is required. Several scholarships of $50 each are available annually. These are awarded to pupils doing satisfactory work who need financial help during their student days. These scholar- ships should be applied for before entrance and are payable after nine months of satisfactory work. The school has a new nurses' residence. It is a five-story building connected with the hospital by two enclosed corridors. In the building are one hundred and fifty single rooms. The building also contains a large recreation or lecture hall, a large dining-room which seats 200 persons, six reception rooms and two class rooms. There are also ample bathing facilities, a laundry and diet kitchen for use of the students. The lectures are given by doctors and professors connected with the Albany Medical College. Follow up work is supervised by nineteen graduate nurses. There are 82 enrolled students. Where the student has satisfactorily completed the course and exam- inations are passed a diploma is given. Graduates will be eligible for registration by examination in any state and after registration will be eligible for membership in the American Nurses Association, the National Organization of Public Health Nursing and for enrollment in the Nursing Service of the American Red Cross. The yearly payroll amounts to $22,279.92. There are 22 teachers on the payroll while 1 6 receive no compensation. Charles Gibson, president, Mary Reid Donald, superintendent of training school. St. Peter's Hospital St. Peter's Hospital is located on Broadway and North Ferry Street. It was founded by the heirs of the late Peter Cagger, a well known Catholic philanthropist. It was opened in 1 869, and has been in active operation since that date. It is under the care of the Sisters of Mercy, Mother Berchmans, superior, and an advisory board of prominent citizens. Its course for nurses is recognized by the Regents of the University of the State of New York and it confers the R. N. degree. The teaching staff numbers fourteen instructors who lecture to forty pupil nurses, all resident. Of these teachers five are salaried, nine unsalaried. Report of the Committee on Education 51 No charge is made to resident pupil nurses; the payroll of pupil nurses equals $2232 yearly; of instructors $864. Rt.-Rev. Edmund S. Gibbons, president. Sister Mary Carmelita, super- intendent of training school. Homeopathic Hospital The Homeopathic Hospital is located at 161 North Pearl Street. It had its beginning in the organization of the Albany City Dispensary Association which was effected November 26, 1867. On April 4, 1871, the trustees of the dispensary adopted a resolution directing that steps be taken to provide for the incorporation of " The Albany City Homeopathic Hospital." On the teaching staff there are 24 instructors and lecturers, 4 of whom are salaried and the other 20 non-salaried. The approximate payroll for the salaried instructors amounts to about $5200 a year. At the present time there are 38 student nurses enrolled who will receive the degree of R.N. after the successful completion of the prescribed course. The entrance requirement is at least one year of high school work in an accredited high school or its equivalent. The training school for nurses is registered by the Regents of the State of New York. The property is valued at approximately $370,000. Edward M. Griffiths, president, JuHa A. Littlefield, R.N., super- intendent. Brady Maternity Hospital The Brady Maternity Hospital and Infant Home is located on North Main Avenue. The Anthony Brady Maternity Hospital and Infant Home was founded in 1915 by the late Anthony Brady. The hospital provides a three-month course in obstetrics for senior nurses in other registered hospitals. The Infant Home supplants the old St. Francis de Sales Asylum formerly located in the Schuyler Mansion. The two institutions are under the care of the Sisters of Charity. The staff comprises ten teachers, seven of whom are salaried, three non-salaried. All of the twenty students are resident; they pay nothing. The total payroll for the teachers is $2820 per year. The assessed valuation of Nurses Home is $25,000. A new Home for Nurses is contemplated. Sister Louise, superintendent. u Report of the Committee on Education 53 New York State Library School The New York. State Library School, the first school established solely for the professional training of librarians, was opened January 5, 1887 at Columbia University as the Columbia College School of Library Economy. April 1 , 1 889, it was transferred to Albany and became a part of the State Library. It is now a division of the University of the State of New York under the general charge of the Director of the State Library who is also Director of the School. It is governed by the rules of the Regents of the University. Since 1 902 these have required graduation from a registered college for admission to the school. It is a charter member of the Association of American Library Schools and meets fully all requirements for registration demanded by the Regents. There are 1 5 teachers on the teaching staff, all of whom are salaried. There are usually from 35 to 55 students registered regularly and usually about 25 or 40 enrolled for the summer course. Graduates of registered colleges who complete satisfactorily the two-year course, and spend at least one year in residence at the school, receive the degree of bachelor of library science. The degree of master of library science is conferred only on graduates of recognized fitness and character who, after having received the degree of bachelor of library science, have been successfully engaged not less than five years in professional library work and who submit in print a satisfactory contribution to library science or library history. This work must show independent thought and research, an intelligent grasp of the subjects and must be satisfactory in hterary form. The money paid yearly for the services of teachers amounts approxi- mately to $8,500. James I. Wyer, director. ^ cq ^ ^ ^ Cii u rHE subcommittee on Schools in this report has endeavored to present the educational opportunities offered h^ this cit^ and also to show the economic value of schools as a business or industry. The figures in some cases are estimates — the most accurate estimates available; ivhen tables are used, the]) are not all of identical date, hut the latest that could be secured; for example, the figures in regard to the city's industries are from the last report of the State Industrial Department and from the federal census. Department of Commerce, 1919, while records of attendance in schools are for the current year. Rev. JOSEPH A. DUNNEY WILLIAM MANSFIELD isLAY F. Mccormick PRENTISS CARNELL C. EDWARD JONES, Chairman Subcommittee on Schools EDUCATION COMMITTEE Albany Chamber of Commerce Dr. a. R. Brubacher, General Chairman SUB-COMMITTEES HISTORY AND CITIZENSHIP Rev. J. V. MOLDENHAWER, Chairman Miss Esther L. Camp Miss Matilda Gray Dr. J. W. Canaday H. E. Pratt Brother Edward George M. Wiley HOUSING AND BOARDING Dr. J. W. Canaday, Chairman Thomas J. McMahon Mrs. Leo Muhlfelder Rev. J. V. Moldenhawer J. M. Russum LIBRARY Hon. John J. Brady, Chairman H. E. Pratt Miss Elizabeth Smith Rev. Marius Ramsom Mrs. Asa Wynkoop SCHOOL SURVEY A. Page Smith, Chairman Warren L. Bradt Mrs. Albert Hessberg Rev. William R. Charles Edmund N. Huyck Jacob H. Herzog Dr. E. A. Vander Veer STATISTICS Dr. C. Edward Jones, Chairman Prentiss Carnell Dean William Mansfield Rev. Jos. A. Dunney I. F. McCormick VOCATIONAL TRAINING L. A. Wilson, Chairman Thomas H. Blocksidge A. C. Quentel Franklin B. Fuld George Smallman E. A. T. Hapgood David H. Walsh John H. Harrigan LIBRARY OF CONGRP«;<; IVif 022 115 436 8 i Press op J. B. LYON COMPANY AUBAN V, N . Y.