LIBRARY OF CONGRESS aD0Q2734Tlib %-^'/ v^-y V'^*/ *^ -«^. V ..<^'^°- ". «0 •n» • "^ V''"^"<** \.*^-**/ V'^\«* %*^"^ \**'"^-'\o'^ 'V''*'^*^^ ^«V**"^*'%°'^ \.'*^\^'^^ ' • o > • .'itli notes, issued iiy the Library of Congress, which also publisbes a Monthly List of State Publications. A fuller list of bibliogra- phies, outlines and indexes is given in Channing. Hart and Turner, Cuide. Sec. 21-26. Tiiere are at least three technical periodicals which are constantly of use to the student: the American Historical Revicm. the Mississippi Val- ley Historical Re-iie:^. and the Historical Outlook (formerly the History Teacher's Magacine.) Tlie first contains contributions on all fields of history, while the second confines itself to articles dealing alone witli -American history, principally, as the title indicates, tliose concerning the central jiortion of the United States. The third is a professional maga- zine. .All three contain notices and reviews of new contributions to the literature of .American History. PRELIMINARIES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. \'arious interi)i'etatioiis of the Revolution. Underlying causes: Americanization of colonists; geographic separation from mother country; the north, south, and west; large degree of economic independence; political self-sufficiency. Changes in British colonial policy after 1763: old colonial system; state of politics in England; imperialization ; military; fur-trade; Procla- mation of 1763; revision of laws of trade; determination to have col- onials bear portion of expense. Colora'al opposition: Stamp Act, 1765, and its repeal, 1766; Declaratory Act; Townshend Acts; colonial protests, 1767-1768; the radicals; partial repeal of acts and growing colonial dissatisfaction, 1771-1774. Precipitation of tlie struggle: Tea Party; Coercive acts; First Continent- al Congress and the Association 1774; plans to restore cordial rela- tions with England ; developing idea of independence. REQUIRED READINGS: Bassett, Sliorf history of the United States, 161-184. MacDonald, Docuwriitary Source Book. Xos. 29, 32-49. C OLUATERIAL READING : Source Material: A. B. Hart, Aiiieriea)i history told by conte)nporaries, II, ch. 21-25. Letters and other writings of men of the Revolution- ary period are valuable, although in each case the personal bias of the man must be considered : there are available the collected works of such men as John Dickinson, John Adams, Samuel Adams, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefiferson, John Jay, Stephen Hopkins, <-/ istitutiou . ( .1 iiu-rican Nation), ch. 3- 10. E. M. Avery. Ignited States. \T, ch. 18-20. J. Eiske, Critical Period of Aineriean History. G. T. Curtis, History of the Constitution. I, 144-151, 260-274. G. Hunt, James Madison, ch. 5, 6, 7. J. T. Morse, Jr., Thomas Jefferson, ch. (), /. Biographies of such men as Washington, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Oliver Ellsworth, Elbridge Gerry, Robert Morris. For aspects of the West; B. A. Hinsdale, Old X orthzcests : W'inst.r, The ll'estzivrd Mo7'e)nent; C. W. Alvord, The Illinois eountry. ch. 16- 18; .'\. Hendersrn, The eon;uesl of thi Old Southwest, ch. 19, 20. For the |)erio(I from 1783 to 1860 J. B. AlcMaster, History of the f^eo- fle of llie [ niied States, becomes one of the most important i>f th(> secondary works. It contains much material on social and economic as well as political phases of our history. The mass of detail makes the narrative hard to follow unless this is already somewhat in mind. For this topic, I, ch. 1-3. J. Schouler, History of the United States. I. cli. 1, sec. 1 ; this is another standard work. IV. THE CONSTITUTION AND ITS ADOPTION. Steps leading to the Federal Gonvention : Pelatiah Webster plan, Massa- chusetts call ; Virginia-Maryland convention ; Annapolis convention — call from Confederation Congress requested; Congress and call for delegates to Philadelphia. Federal Convention, 1787: delegates and their selection: organization of the convention; principal plans submitted — ^national government vs. continued confederation, Virginia and New Jersey plans ; working out of compromises — so-called Connecticut Compromise vital ; subordin- ate compromises; adjustment of two opposing views; perfecting the details : economic basis. Ratification of Constitution : submission to people of States according to Ccnventirn's plan ; development of opposition to document — Federal- ists and Anti-Federalists ; State conventions ; early ratification by five State- : the critical States ; ratification by eleven States and Constitu tion put into operation ; minority approval of Constitution ; proposed amendments. Nature of Constitution : popular view as somewhat strengthened Articles of Confederation; development of idea of Constitution as basis of strong central government a matter of time and an outgrowth of eco- nomic development of country. REQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of Jiiieriean Nationality ch. 3. (Bassett, Short History. 240-254.) MacDonald, Doenmentary Source Book, No. 54. COLLATERAL READING: SouRCK M.\teri.\l: The source of most of our information about the framing of the Constitution is in the Madison Papers; these are found in editions of Madison's Works, (e. g.. Hunt edition. III and IV). The best edition is M. Farrand, Records of the Federal Convention. wh'ich also contains notes by other members of the body. Volume V. of J. Elliot, Debates on the adoption of the Federal Constitution, also contains Madison's Notes; the other volumes contain material on the ratification by the States. Notes by several delegates are found in American Historical Reviezv. III. 310, VIII, 509, IX, 310, X, 07, XI, 595, and C. R. King. Riifiis King, I, 587-621. Secondary Material: E. Channing, United States. Ill, cii. 16-18, Mc- Laughlin, Confederation and Cotistitution , cli. 11-18. G. T. Curtis. Constitutional History. I, ch. 15-32. Schouler, United States, I, ch. 1, sec. 2-i. McMaster, People of the United States, I, ch. 4-5. R. Hil- dreth. History of the United Stales. Ill, ch. 47; as one of the older standard works Hildreth deserves consideration, but it must be remem- bered that he wrote with a strong Federalist bias. C. A. Beard, An Fconoinie Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States O. G. Libb\', Ccoyraphical Distribution of the Vote: A. J. Bcveridge, Life of John Marshall. I ; Max Farrand, The Fathers of the eoiititii- tioii. V. FEDERALIST ORGANIZATION OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT. Personnel of tlie new government : selection of president, vice-president, and members of both houses of congress ; election in general of men in favor of new scheme : manv new men in congress ; general inclina- tion to give new plan a fair trial. Organization: belated assembly of Congress in New York; inauguration of president; building the machine — creation of administrative organiza- tion ; necessity of building from ground to great extent. Judicial organization : no general scheme in Constitution ; Congress lays foundation of Federal courts; scope of Federal jurisdiction. Financial issues : providing a revenue ; the first tariff, clash- of sectional interests; Hamilton and the establishment of the credit of the United States — 'Chaotic condition of finances, funding and assumption, internal revenue, relation to selection of permanent seat of government. United States Bank. Adoption of Bill of Rights: first ten amendments to constitution: re:d significance of amendments. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of Ameneau Nationality. ch. 4. (Bassett, Short History. 256-274.) MacDonald, Doettineiifary Soiiree Book, No. 55; MacDonald. Select Documents, Nos. 9-12. COLLATERAL READING : Source Material: Hart, .hneriean ///.v/o/y told by Conteniporarie.;. Ill, Nos. 92-97. Congressional discussions are to be found in .Innals of the Confjress of the United States (.huials of Congress) .42 vohtine:;. covering 1789 to 1824; Register of Debates in Congress, {Congress- ional !)ebates), 29 volumes, 1825-1837; Congressional Globe, contain- ing the Debates and Proeeedin(/s. 108 volumes, 1833-1873; and Con- gressioudl Record, eonlaining the I'riH'eedings and Debates. 187.^ T. H. Bentdn. .Ibridgment of the [h^bates in Congress, covers the period from 1789 to 1850 in summary in a satisfactory manner. Stat- utes of the Cnited Slates at Large. 1789, contain the enactments of Congress, and in tlic later voUunes, treaties and proclamations. Offi- cial papers from the presidents to Congress are in Richardson, Mes- sages and Papers of the Presidents. Collected works of public men are valuable for obtaining the personal reaction of those who are instrumental in shaping the early organization of the government. Second.\ry Material: E. Channing, United States, IV, ch. 2. Bassett, Federalist System. .{American Nation, vol. 11), ch. 1-2. Schouler, United States. I. ch. 1. E. Stanwood. History of the Presidency, ch. 1-3. D. R. Dewe}', Pinaneial History of the United States, ch. 4-5. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton, ch. 5-6. Lodge, George Washington, ch. 11, pp. 41-81. H. Adams, Albert GaUatin. bk. 2. F. W. Tausig, Tariff His- tory of the United States, pp. 8-17; H. J. Ford, Ale.vander Hamilton. VI. INTERNAL ISSUES AND THE FORMATION OF PARTIES. Issues giving rise to political differentiation: financial measures; assump- tion of State Revolutionary debts, the excise — Whiskey Insurrection, administration of internal revenue, protective features of tariff ; sec- tional antagonism, seaboard vs. inland regions, agricultural vs. com- mercial sections, northern vs. sioiuthern regions ; class antagonism, creditor I's. debtor groups; foreign relatio.ns as domestic political is- sue. Interpretation of Constitution : "loose" construction and "strict" con- struction ; centralizing tendencies opposed to enhancement of States' Rights, Chisholm 7'.?. Georgia and Amendment XI — -gain for States' Rights. Beginning of ])arty alignment; Federalists — supporters of strong central government, "loose" constructionists, extension of powers of Federal government, identification with groups of established material inter- ests ; Anti-Federalists — Democrats — Democratic-Republican party, "strict" constructionists and advocates of strong State government, leadership of Thomas Jefferson. Political parties and the Federal government ; attempt of Washington to prevent partisan alignment ; gradual drifting to Federalists ; difference in personnel of earlier and later executive heads. Federalist tinge in acts of congress. RKQUIKl';i) Ri:.\DlN(i: K. Channing, I'nited Slates. W. ch. 3-4. Bas- sett, 1-ederalist System, ch. 3. Hart, .Imeriean History laid by Con- temfyoraries. Ill, eh. 13. COLLATERAL READING: Source AIaterial: A. Hamilton, ITorks (Hamilton Ed.), IV, V. VH, (Lodge Ed.), VI, VIII. T. Jefferson, Jl'ritiugs (Ford ed.). I, 154-272, V. 328-507. (t. Washington. Writings (Ford ed.), XII, XIII. J. Madi- son, ll'ritinijs (Hunt ed.), VI, 46-123. W. W. Henry, Patrick Henry, III, 387-428. Ames, Works of Fisher Ames. A. C. Morris, Diary and Letters of Goitver]ieiir Morris. Secondary Material: Hildreth, fnited .States. IV, 39-46. 29I-3(X3, 343- 376. McMaster, I'eople of the I'nited .States. II, 47-58, 85-88. Schouler, i^nited .States, I, 180-196, 216-237. Schouler, Thomas Jefferson, ch. 10-11. Morse, Thomas Jefferson, cii. 8-10. Lodge, George Washing- ton, II, ch. 5. Lodge, Alexander Hamilton (rev. ed.), 80-83. 136-152. Hunt, James Madison, ch. ZZ, ZA. Austin, Elbridgc Gerry, 11, ch. 4. \V. G. Brown. Oliver Ellszi'orth, ZZ3-Z37. McLaughlin and Hart, Cv- elopedia of .Imerican Goz'ernment, articles on Democratrc-Republican Party, Federalist Party. J. P. Gordy, History of Political Parties in file United States, I, ch. 8-13. M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and Politi- cal Parties, II, 1-3. C. E. Merriam, American Political Theories. 122- 175. Geo. Gibbs, Administrations of Washington and .-idains. I, ch 1-4; Beveridge, Life of John Marshall, II, ch. 2, 3; C. A. Beard, Economic origins of Jcffcrsonian Democracy, ch. 1-7. VII. FOREIGN RELATIONS OF FEDERALISM. Provincial outlook of United States : continued dependence on Pairope for material things and intellectual guidance; reflection in America of changing phases of European politics ; paramount significance of European affairs in guiding party policies of United States. Relations with Spain : Spanish control of the Mississippi, significance for (he West, relation to unsettled condition of trans-Alleghany re- gion to 1803; trade with Spanish America; the Floridas ; Spain and the peace treaty lof 1783; Indian difficulties; treaty of 1795. Relations with France: influence of French Revolution on United States, the British and the French parties in America ; war between (ireat Britain and France, Proclamation of N^eutrality, 1793 — relation to treaty of 1778; Genet and his A,merican career; privateers and neu- trality; intensification of partisanshij) in United States; grievances against France growing out of European wars. Relati'Dus with Great I>ritian : questions left from Revolution ; no treaty 10 of commerce ; boundary disputes ; fisheries ; Indian troubles ; issues arising from Franco-Britisli war, neutral trade — especially with rela- tion to West Indies, impressments ; treaty negotiated by John Jay, 1794-5, American opposition to treaty, constitution issues evoked by treaty. Relations with the Barbary States. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of American Nationality, ch. 5. MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, Nos. 56, 57. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material : The greater portion of diplomatic papers for the period following 1789 are to be found in Atnerican State Papers, For- eign Relations; those covering Washington's administrations are in vol. I. J. Jay, Correspondence, IV. Hart, American History told by Contemporaries, III, sec. 92-91 . Turner, Correspondence of the French Ministers to the United States, American Historical Association, Re- port, 1903, II. T. Jefferson, Writings (Ford ed.), I, 179-272, V, 198- 515. VI, VII, 1-84. J. Monroe, Writings. 1. 250-303, II, III, 1-94, 383- 457. C. R. King, Rufus King, I, ch. 24-31, II, ch. 2-9. F. Ames, IVorks. Secondary Material: E. Channing, United States, IV, ch. 5. Bassett, Federalist System, 84-136. Schouler, United States, I, 165-233 passim. J. Foster, Century of Americaji Diplomacy, 136-176. W. H. Trescott, Diplomatic History of the administrations of Washington and Adams T. Lyman, Diplomacy of the United States, 1S79-1836, I. McLaughlin, Western Posts and British Debts, American Historical Association, Report, 1894, 413. Shepherd, "Wilkinson and the beginnings of the Spanish controversy," American Historical Review, IX, 490. James, "Louisiana as a factor in American Diplomacy, 1795-1800," Miss. Val- ley Historical Reviezi.*, I, 44. B. W. Bond, Monroe's Mission to France ; Beveridge, Marshall, II, ch. 1. VIII. ADAMS AND THE DOWNFALL OF FEDERALISM. Unfavorable conditions attending Adamis' administration: personality of Adams ; dissention within Federalist ranks ; the "Essex Junto" and Hamilton ; divided cabinet ; loss of conciliating influence of Washing- ton ; rivalry of partisan press. 11 Increasingly difficult foreign situation : break with France ; hostile atti- tude of Directory after recall of Monroe ; discourtesy to American Minister ; the special mission and the "X. Y. Z. affair" ; diplomatic relations severed ; naval operations in West Indies. Domestic reaction to foreign situation: wave of popularity tor Adams; drastic legislation by Fedteralist majority in congress. Alien and Sedi- tion Acts, Naturalization Act, enforcement of acts ; Republicans dis- couraged ; Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions — program of States' Rights, "strict" constructionist, party; answers of other States: second Kentucky Resolutions. Political revolution of 1800: Federalists overreach themselves; method of enforcing Sedition Act; growing division among Federalists; elec- tion of Jefferson and Burr ; operation 'of Constitution in election of President ; selection of President by House of Representatives ; signi- ficance of growing democracy in election. REQUIRED READING: Fhh. Dcvclo!yme)it of American Nationality. ch. 6. (Bassett, Short History, 276-290.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, Nos. 58-64. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: Hart, .Imerican History told by Contemporaries. Ill, No. 98, civ. 15. American State Papers, Foreign Relations, I, Cor- respondence of the French Ministers, Am. Hist. Assn., Report, 1903, n. 968-1098. Ames and McMaster, X. )'. Z. Papers. W. C. Ford Some Letters of Elbridge Gerry, 9-20. T. Jefferson, IVritings (Ford ed.), VII, 244-389. J. Madison. IVritings (Hunt ed.), VI, 320-406. "Letters of William Vans Murray to J. Q. Adams, 1797-1803." \m. Hist. Assn., Report. 1912. 343-715. Secondary Material: E. Channing, Cnited States. IV. cIl 7. 8. Bas sett. Federalist Syston, 204-252. Schouler, United States, I. cli. 4. McMaster. United States. II. 209-416. Stanwood. History of the Presi- dency, ch. 4. Hildreth. United States. IV. 685-704. V, rh. 10, 11. 13, 14. Morse, John Adams. 261-283. C. F. Adlams. John Adams. IT. dh. 10. H. A. Garland. John Randolph. I. ch. 18-23. H. S. Randall, Thomas Jefferson, II, ch. 6-10. C. W. Upham. Timothy Pickering, III. ch. 8-12. J. T. Austin. Elbridge Gerry, II. ch. 5-8. J. A. Foster. Cen- tury of American Diplomacy. 176-184. 226-228. G. Gibbs. Administra- tions of IV'ashmgton and Adams, I, 13-15, II, 1-4. G. W. Allen. Naval War with France; Beveridge, Marshall, II, ch. 6-9; Beard. Economic origins of the J effersonian democracy, ch. 11-14. 12 IX. THE UNITED STATES AT THE OPENING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The settled area: essentially a seaboard community; Alleghanies to con- siderable extent the western boundary ; difficulties of communication and intercourse. The people : the distribution of the population ; preponderance of English element ; greater mixture in middle States ; scattered non-English com- munities ; social strata ; effects of slavery and diminution of anti- slavery organization ; conditions of living essentially those of colonial period. Growing significance of West : Northwest and Southwest territories ; westward flow of population ; tendency of unified type to go West ; routes and methods of travel; new States (Vermont essentially "west- ern") ; western problems as national issues; Indian relations; Treaty of ureencastle ; Spanish and British questions ; significance of the Mississippi. Political and sodal revolution of 1800; significance of rise of Democratic- Republican party: clash of radicals and conservatives; importance of west in movement, political democracy an outgrowth of economic democracy, tendency of political power to move westward, influence upon national policies ; beginning of gradual permeation of demo^ cratic doctrines in older regions. NOTE. The material for this topic is scattered, consequently there can be few references w^hich deal specifically with this subject alone. Ma terial must be sought through a wide range of reading. REQUIRED READING: H. Adams, History of the United States, I, ch. 1-6. This work, in nine volumes, covers the period of Jefferson's and Madison's administrations in a manner unequalled! by any other writer. While somewhat diffuse and a little biased it is an invaluable record. As much as possible of the six chapters should be read. Hart . Contemporaries, III, ch. 2-5. COLLATERAL READING. Source M.\terial: Thomas Ashe, Travels in America in j8n6. Timothy Dwight, Travels, in Neiv England and New York (1796-1815). Fran- cis Baily, Journal of a tour in unsettled parts of North jlmeriea in 1796 and 1797. Robert Sutcliff, Travels in some parts of North Amer- ica, in the years iSn-f. i8<)5, and iSod. Isaac Weld, Travel through the States of North A>iieriea. and the Troz'inces of Upper and Ltrwer Can- ada, during the years 1795. 1796 and 1797. Secondary Material: C. A. Beard, Economic Interpretation of the Con- stitution, and Some Economic origins of Jefferson Democracy. Mc- 13 Master, People of the United States, II, ch. 10, III, ch. 16. Channing United States, IV, ch. 4, 6-10, contains scattered references. F. N. Thorpe, Constitutional History of the American People, I, ch. 7, 8; Gaillard Hunt, Life in America one hundred years ago. For the "West" lists of references are found in F. J. Turner, List of refer- ences on the History of the West (ed. 1915), sec. 12, 13, 14. Babcock Rise of A)nerican A^ationality, (American Nation), ch. 15 Turner Rise of the New West, (American Nation, vol. 14), ch. 5-7. Roose- velt, lUinning of the IVest. IV, ch. 3. 5; C. W. Alvord, The Illinois countrx ch. 19. X. JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY. Thomas Jefferson as the exponent of the new era : Jefferson's early career : in Revolution, in Virginia political life, member of Confederation Congress, minister to France, secretary of state, vice-president ; politi- cal and social principles of Jefferson. Jefferson's political theories in action : "Republican simplicity" ; Gallatin and the finances, reduction of debt, cutting down expenses, elimination of excise; simplification of Federal government; civil service, repudi- ation of "mid-night appointments." removals, "equalization," little essen- tial difference from predecessors; Jefferson and! the judiciary, repeal of Federalist judiciary act, Marbury t. Aladison, Pickering and Chase cases ; Jefferson's appointments ; "loose construction" under John Mar- shall. Republican dissentions : Burr and the Federalists ; Jolin Randolph and Jefferson — the Yazoo lands (Fletcher z's. Peck, 1810) ; Florida and the Two million bill. Foreign questions : Spanish convention ; Trip'olitan affair ; Jefferson's gunboat policy. Opposition to Jefferson: Federalist opponents; separation discussion. REQUIRED READIN'G: Fish. De7-elopment of American Nationality. ch. 7. (Bassett. Short History, ch. 14.) Hart, Contemporaries. Ill, sec. 106-108, 110. COLLATERAL RI:ADING: Soircp: M.vtkrial: T. Jefferson, Wril'uujs (Ford cd.), I, 272-314, \'I1I, 1-188. A. Gallatin, Writings. I. II. Adams, Neiv England Federalism. A. Hamilton, Works (Hamilton ed.), VI. VII. J. Monroe. Writings. Ill, 261-302. H. C. Lodge. George Cahot. 317-350. M. L. Davis, ./,;/•,-// 14 Bun, II, ch. 5-17. J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, comprising parts of his Diary from 1795 to 1848, I ; the twelve volumes of Adams' Memoirs become increasingly important from this time until Adam's death in 1848 ; they are supplemented by his correspondence now in process of publication as his Works. Secondary Material: E. Channing, United States, IV, ch. 9, 10. Chan- ning, Jeffcrsonian System, ch. 1-3, 9. McAlaster, United States, II, 583-620, III, 146-215. Hildreth, United States, V, ch. 16-18. Schouler, United States, II, ch. 5. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, ch. 6. H. Adams, United States, I, ch. 7-12, II, ch.7, 9-23. III. ch. 1-9^ E. M. .A.very, History of the United States, VII, ch. 16, 17, 20. Morse. Thomas Jefferson, ch. 13, 15. Morse, /. Q. Adams, 25-37, 57-68. H. Adams, John Randolph, ch. 3, 5-7. H. Adams, Albert Gallatin, bk. 3. D. R. Dewey, Financial History of the United States, sec. 54-57. C. E. Merriam, American Political Theories, ch. 4. C. Fish, Civil Service and Patronage, ch. 2. E. M. Maclay, United States Navy, I, 214-302. T. Dwight, Character of Thomas Jefferson. Beveridge, Marshall, II, cli. 12; D. Muzzey, Thomas Jefferson. XI. JEFFERSON AND EXPANSION. Louisiana Purchase : previous history of Louisiana ; the Mississippi and the West; transfer to France; significance of transfer to United States ; proposal to buy New Orleans and West Florida ; offer and purchase of all Louisiana. Constitutional aspects of purchase: Jefferson regards as unconstitutional; appHcation of implied powers. Organization of Louisiana: 1804, 1805; Louisiana (State) admitted 1812. Boundary questions from Louisiana Purchase : Texas ; West Florida ; Oregon ; explorations : Pike ; Lewis and Clark. P'Urr Conspiracy and the West : Political career of Aaron Burr ; West- ern disaffection and Burr's projects: trial of Burr, treason under the constitution. Jefferson and Marshall. REQUIRED RF:ADING: Fish, Development of .American Nationality, ch. 7. (liassett, Short History, cli. 14.) MacDonald, Documentary .Source Book, No. 65. 15 COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: American State Papers. Foreign Relations, I; Mis- cellaneous, \. J. B. Moore, Digest of International Law, I. sec. 101, V, pp. 613-615. T. Jefferson, Writings (Ford ed.), VIIL 144, 172, 188-319. 481-504, IX, 1-67, 141-144. J. Madison. Writings (Hunt ed.), VI, 448- 464, VII, 1-156. J. Monroe, Writings, IV, 2-52, 499-509. R. G. Thwaites, Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804- 1806. (8 vols.) Papers of Zehulon J/. Pike. Am. Hist. Revie^i'. XIII, 798. W. H. Safford, Blennerhassett Papers. Hart, American History told by contemporaries. Ill, sees. 111-115, 123. Secondary Material: E. Channing, United States, IV, ch. 11, 12. Schou- ler. United States. II, 40-139. Channing, Jeffersonian System, ch 4-7. 11, 12. McMaster, People of the United States, II, 620-633, III, ch. 15. Alorse, Thomas Jefferson, ch. 14. D. C. Gilman, James Monroe, 77-96. G. Tucker, Thomas Jefferson. H, ch. 9, 10. H. Adams. United States, I, ch. 13-17. II, 5-17. Ill, 1. 5-7, 9-14, 19. E. C. Semple, American History and its geographic conditions, ch. 6. F. A. Ogg, Opening of the Mississippi. c\\: 10-14. H. B. Fuller, Purchase of Florida, ch. 3-5. W. F. McCalcb, .Aaron Burr Conspiracy. XII. EUROPEAN WARS AND AMERICAN NEUTRALITY. Vital clash of interests avoided during European wars, 1793-1801. Napo- leonic Wars and grievances of United States: Impressment — signifi- cance for England, question of allegiance and naturalization ; Chesa- peake-Leopard affair, 1807 ; Neutral trade — 'West Indies commerce and Rule of War of 1756. Decrees and Orders in Council and American trade, 1805-7; Failure of Monroe-Pinckney mission. 1806-7. JeffersMnian policy — concessions by economic pressure: ports closed to British public vessels ; non-importation with Great Britain, Embargo, 1807-9. Non-intercourse, 1809-10. Macon Bill No. 2. Significance of policy for .^merican economic interests: Tendency to overrate distress; diificullies of Embargo enforcement. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of .Inieriean Nationality, 102-113. MacDonald. Documentary .Source Book. Nos. 66. 67. COLLATERAL READING: .SoiKc K Matkul\l: American State Papers, Foreign Relation, III, Com- merce. 1. T. Jefiferson, Writings (Ford ed.), 1, 307-339. VIII. 319-504, 16 IX, 1-327. J. Madison, Writings (Hunt ed.), VI, 423-428, VII, 79-469, VIII, 1-172. J. Monroe, Writings, IV, 52-495, V, 1-201, 353-364. J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, I. A. Gallatin, Writings, I. Hart, Contonfyorarics. Ill, sec. 116-122. H. V. Ames, State Documents, 26-44. Secoxd.\ry Material: E. Channing, United States. IV, ch. 13-15. Chan- ning, Jcfferso)iian System, ch. 13-20. K. C. Babcock, Rise of American Nationality, ch. 1-3. Schouler, United States, II, 108-353. E. M. Avery, United States, VII, ch. 21. H. Adams, United States. Ill, ch. 15-18, IV, ch. 1-20, V, ch. 1-19. A. T. Mahan, Sea Pozver and the War of i8iJ. I, 99-259. E. L. Bogart, Economic History of the United States, sec. 101-107. G. S. Callender, Economic History of the United States, 239-260. E. B. Elliott, Doctrine of continuous zroyages. G. Tucker, Thomas Jefferson, II, ck. 8-13. C. W. Upham, Timothy Pick- ering. IV, ch. 3-5. G. Hunt, James Madison, ch. 30. E. Quincy, Josiah Onincy, ch. 6-8. XIII. THE WAR OF 1812. Factors leading to war : Impressment, blockade, Indian disorders ; potency of party politics; influence of West (Clay). Declaration of War ; Aladison's War Message, 1 June. 1812 ; Declaration of War, 18 June; Withdrawal of Orders in Council, 23 June. The War : Land War — Attempt on Canada ; British operations in United States; Battle of New Orleans (after treaty signed) ; naval warfare — American success in first year ; tightening of British' blockade : the privateers. Treaty of Ghent, 24 December, 1812. Opposition to War: Political and economic aspects of opposition; Fed- eralist opposition to Republican Har, blow to trade, securities unset- tled ; question of militia and national service ; culmination of Feder- alist opposition in Hartford Convention. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of American Nationality, 113-126. (Bassett, Short History, ch. 15.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, Nos. 68-70. COLLATERAL READING : Source Material: American State Papers, Roreign, III, Finance, II. Commerce, I, Military, I. Naval. I, Hart, Centemporarics, III, sec. 124-128. .ViV.'v U'eekiy Register. I-\^III: this paper, issued from 1811 17 to 1849, is one of the best general sources of information for the period, especially for political matters. J. Q. Adams, Memoirs, II, III. A. Gallatin, IVrituigs, I. J. Madison. Writings (Hunt ed.). VIII, 173 334. G. M. Dallas, J. J. Dallas, 234-400. H. Clay, IVorks (Colton ed), I. ch. 4, IV, ch. 1. Jas. Gallatin, A great peace maker; the diary of James Gallatin, secretary to Albert Gallatin, etc. Letters relating to the negotiation at Ghent. 1812-1814, Am. History Rev.. XX, 108-129; T. Dwight, History of the Hartford convention. Secondary Material: E. Channing, I'nited .States. IV. ch. 17-20. Bab- cock, Rise of American Xatiojiality. ch. 4-8, 9. 11. E. C. Semple. Amer- ican History and its geographic conditions, ch. 8. Schouler, United States. II, ch. 8, sec. 2, ch. 9. H. Adams, United States. VI. ch. 6-17, VII, VIII, IX, ch. 1-3. H. Adams. Albert Gallatin, 443-555. Hunt, James Madisoti, ch. 31, 32, 34. J. Armstrong. War of 1812. S. T. Mahan, Sea Poiver and the ll'ar of i8iJ. F. A. Updyke. Diplomacy of the War of 1812; Alvord, The Illinois country, ch. 20; R. D. Paine. The fight for a free sea. XIV. BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA. Opening of period of intensive national development : end of trans- Atlantic political impulse ; provincialism ; predominance of questions of internal development, social, industrial and political. INDUSTRIAL RE-ADJUSTMENT: New England: comparative decline of commerce: rise of manufactures; new industries tlvreatened at close of war ; protective tariff agitation ; decline of agriculture; shift of population. Middle States : Rise of manufactures and demand for protection ; impor- tance of the western trade; internal improvements and the constitu- tion. Southern States: King Cotton; slavery and plantation sj'stem extended; subordination of manufactures to agriculture; growing opposition to protection and federal internal imjjrovements. The New West: Rapid devel(M>iiient i)t frontier; economic necessities of a new country; internal imjirovements demanded; rise of protection- ism ; reaction of A\'est upon seaboard states. REQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of American Nationality. ch. 9. (Bassett. Short History: .S41-36(l) Hart, Contemporaries. Ill, Nos. 130-134. 137-141. 18 COLLATKKAL RKADIXG : Source Material: Xilrs Weekly Rryistcr, 1-X. Win. Cobbett, A year's residence in the I'liited States of .liiteriea. Chas. Dickens, American Notes, \Vm. Faux, Memorable days in America, in Thwaites, pMrly Western Travels, XI, XII. Basil Hall, Travels in Xortli America, i)i the Years 1S37 and 18 jS. Harriet Martineau, Society in America: Bogarl and Thompson. Readings in Economic History, ch. 10, sec. 1-4; ch. 11, sec. 1-3. Second.\ry Material: F. T. Turner, Rise of the X^ew West, (American Nation, vol. 14) ch. 1-8. McMaster, Peofyle of the United States, III. ch. 22. IV, ch. 30, 33, 37, 38. H. Adams, United States. IX. ch. 7-1(1 Babcock. Rise of American Nationality, cli. 11. Bogart, Economie History, sec. 120, 121. 131-142. K. Coman, Industrial history of th • United States, 164-203. Callender, Eco)iomic History, 313-320, 597 610. K. Stanwood, A)nerican Tariff Controversies, I, 111-157. B. A. Hinsdale, Old Northwest. 295-328, 368-392. M. B. Hammond, The Cotton Industry: Schouler, United States, II, ch. 9, sec. 2. Ill, ch. 10. sec. I: \'()n Hoist, Calhoun, ch. 2; C. Schurz, Henry Clay, 126-146; W. H. Meigs, Life of Thomas Hart Benton, ch. 3; T. C. Pease. The frontier state, ch. 1-4. XV. NATIONALIZING TENDENCIES. Growth of Federal Power through the courts : nationalizing tendencies under John Marshall : interpretation of tire constitution ; superiority of Federal law within specified held ; exercise of imi)lied i)owers : sig- nificant cases. F.laboration of political machinery: in commonwealths: in national arena: the rise of the nominating conventitwi : political macliinos. REQUIRED RE.ADIXG: K. C. Babcock, Rise of American Nationality, ch. 18. At least one of the following cases; Fletcher 7-. Peck, Dartmouth College Case, McCuUoch v. Maryland. Gibbons i'. Ogden. These cases are found in the collections by C. E. Boyd. Emlin McClain. J. I>. Thayer. They arc contained in full in the reports of the Supreme Court of the United States, cited, in the order given above, as follows ■ 6 Cranch. 87; 4 irheaton. 518: 4 Wheaton. 316: 9 lUheaton. I. COLL.\TERAL READIXc;: I'.mlin McCIain. Constitutional Laz,'. sec. 68. 83, 141, 144, 155, 167. A. B. Magrudor. John Marshall, ch. 10. Lodge, Daniel ]l'ebster. ch. 3. M. \'an Bnrcn, rolitieal Parties. Fish, 19 Civil Service. 79-104. Murdock, "I^'irst Xatioiuil XoiiiiiuUiiii/ Coiiz'cii- tion" Am. History Rcz'., II, 680. Ostrogorski, "Rise and fall of the nominating caucus, legislative and congressioiial," American Hist. Rev., V, 253-283; E. S. Corwm, .lohu Mdrshall and the conslilutioii ; Bever- idge. .Marshall. III. IV. XVI. POLITICAL CHAOS AND NEW ISSUES. Disappearance of Federalists and party disorganization : Tlie first admin- istration of Monroe : continuation of the Virginia dynasty ; beginning of era of personal politics. "Era of Good Feeling" : Unopposed re-election of Monroe 1820 ; fac- tions of Republicans, leadership of Adams, Clay Jackson, Calhoun, Crawford and others; "Good Feeling" a misnomer. The Missouri Compromise: Slavery as an issue before 1819, dying out of abolition agitation, prohibition of slave trade. 1807; the Colonization Society; question of admission of Missouri, 1818-9; sectionalism and balance; admission of Maine and Missouri; the Compromise. Florida: annexation of West Florida; East Florida and the Indians, Seminole War and Jackson ; Negotiations with Spain and Treaty of 1819; Temporary adjustment of Oregon Question. The Monroe Doctrine: Independence of Spanish-American colonies, rec- ognition of independence by United States; European Revolutions and the reactionary league, "Holy Alliance" ; Proposed restoration of Span- ish rule in America ; Russia and the Northwest Coast ; England's inter- est in Latin-America ; Canning's proposals ; Monroe's message and the "Doctrine," 1823. REQUIRED READING: Fisli. Developineut of .American Xationalit\ 156-174. ( Bassett. .SVior/ History, ch. 17). McDonald. Documentary Source Book, Nos. 71-80. COLLATERAL READING: SotiRCE M.'VTERIAL : American State Papers. Foreign Relations. U'rit- i)i(/s of Jefiferson, J. Q. Adams, Monroe, Madison, Henry Clay, Rufus King. J. Q. Odams. .Memoirs, IV-VI. A reflection of the political flux of the time is derived from tlie letters and other writings of those who were in the thick of. or who observed, the fray. Hart. Contempo- raries, III, ch. 31, sec. 135, 136, 143, 144. 20 Secondary Material: Babcock, Rise of .hiu-rican A'ationality. cli. 15-18. F. J. Turner, Rise of the Neiu Jl'est, ch. 9, 10, 12. Schoulcr. L'uited States, III, 1-293. Biographies of T. H. Benton, J. Q. Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Randolph, Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun. Henry Clay, Daniel Webster. H. B. Fuller, Purchase of Florida, ch. 6-11. Stanwood, History of the I'resideiicv, ch. 9, 10. For the slavery issue H. Von Hoist, History of the United States. I, 324-381 : it has to he remembered that Von Hoist was not temperate in his treatment of the proponents of slavery. For the Monroe Doctrine, J. H. Latane, United States and Spanish America. 9-103; J. B. Moore, .lincrican Diplomacy, ch. 6 ; F. E. Chadwick, United States and Spai)i I. cli. 8-10; F. N. Thorpe, Constitutional history of the .Inierican people. 1. cli. 10; H. K. Bolton, Tlie Spanish borderlands. XVII. THE SECOND ADAMS. Election of 1824: the candidates and their followings ; Crawford and tlie congressional caucus: no electoral majority; Adams the choice of the House ; influence of Clay ; charges of corrupt bargain. Adams as President: unfortunate personality of Adams; choice of a cabinet; opposing political elements; Jackson men as leaders of mal- contents ; four-year campaign for election of 1828. Foreign affairs. Clay and Pan-Americanism ; Panama Congress ; nom- ination of envoys and congressional opposition ; commercial treaties ; Great Britain and the West India trade; slave trade issue; spoliation claims ; boundary disputes. Internal issues: internal improvements; Indian complications; Georgia and the Federal Government; Jackson backs Georgia; tariff; act. of 1827 ; continued agitation ; act of 1828. REQUIRED Rh:ADING: Fish, Development of American A'ationality. 174-180. (Bassctt, Short History, 377-390.) COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: Ainerican Stale Papers. Foreign Relations, \'l, Finance, V; Indian, II, Niles IVeekly Register, XXV-XXXV ; J. Q Adams, Memoirs, VI, VII. T. H. Benton, Thirty Years' Vieic. I. ch. 17-37. H. Clay, JVorks (Colton ed.), I. ch. 14-18, IV, ch. 3-5. J. C. Calhoun, Correspondence (Am. Hist. Assn., Report. 1899, vol. II) 202-268. H. Adams, Albert Gallatin. 586-634. F. W. Taussig. State Papers and Speeches on the Tariff. 252-385. D. Webster. Works. Ill, Prii'ate Correspondence. I, 345-457. B. P. Poore, Perley's Remi- niscences, I, ch. 1-5. 21 Secondary AIatkkiai. ; Turner. Risr of the A'ra' U'rst. cli. 14-19. W. MacDonald. Jacksoiiiivt Democracy (A)iicricai! Xatioii, vol. 15.), ch. 1-3. Schoulcr, L'uUcd States. II, 304-336, ch. 12. McMaster. People of the Ujiifed States. V. cli. 42-52 (see table of contents for various topics). Bassett, Life of .liidrei^< Jackson, I, ch. 17, 18. J. Quincy, John Qn'nicy .■lda)ns. ch. 7. G. T. Curtis, Daniel IVcbster, I, ch. 10-14. H. A. Garland, John Randolph, II, ch. 17, 19. D. R. Dewey, Economic History, sec. 78, 79. F. W. Taussig. Tariff History. 68-108. U. B. Phillips, Georijia and Stales Kicjhts. Am. Hist. Assn., Report. 1901, II, 39-73. XVIII. JACKSON AND JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY. Development of i)olitical conceptions: democratization of state constitu- tions; extension of i)rivilege of suffrage; equality and office holding-- rotation in office ; strengthening the executive. Andrew Jackson: services in Congress, Indian wars; War of 1812; Sem- inole war; the ex])onent of western democratic tendencies; defeat for presidency, 1824-5; election, 1828; intense individualism. Jackson and tlie Presidency; the counciikirs — the "kitchen cabinet"; civil service, inauguration of full principle of spoils system in Federal gov- ernment. IncHan Policy of Jackson : Creek and Clierokee conflicts ; defiance of Supreme Court (Worcester 7'. Ceorgia) ; Indian territory and removal of Indians. Public Revenues ;uul internal improvements; Jackson's veto of Maysville Road bill; the sur])lus revenue and its relation to taritif; Clay's dis- tribution sclu'me ; the deposit act, 1836. REQUIRFD RKADING: Fish. Development of American Nationality. ch. 11, 14. ( Bassett. .S7ro;7 History. 392-405.) Hart, Contemporaries. Ill, sec. 158. 160; MacDonald, Documentary Source Ihiok. No. 94. COLLATKRAL i^l-.ADING: Source Material: .Xdams, Memoirs, Vlll, l.\. T. H. Benton, Thirty Year's I'ie-a; I. ch. 38-48. C. H. Van Tyne, Letters of Daniel Web- ster. 141-205. Amos Kendall. Autobiography, ch. 5-14. J. C. Calhoun Correspondence. 27\-Z7^. 290-294, 793-816. J. A. Hamilton. Reminis- cences, ch. 4-iS. II. Clay, Works ( Colton ed.). \\. ch. 7-11. B. 1'. Poore, I'erley's Reminiscoices. ch. (), 7, 10-13. 0? Secondary Material: Bassett. Life of .liidrczc Jackson. I, ch. 5. II, ch. 19-22, 24, 25, 30, 32. MacDonald, Jacksoniau Democracy, 2-4, 12, 14. 18. Schouler, United States. Ill, ch. 13, sec. 1. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, ch. 12. McMa.ster. People of the United States. V, 513-536, VI, ch. 52. Turner, Rise of the Nezv West, ch. 18. 19. Von Hoist, /. C. Calhoun, ch. 4.5. T. Roosevelt, Thomas PI. Boifon. ch. 4, 5, C. Schurz, Henry Clay. ch. 12, 13. Fish, Ciz'il Serz'ice and the Patronage, ch. 4, 5, 8. W. E. Dodd, Expansion and Conflict; ch. 1-3. Von Hoist, United States, II, 11-31, Biographies of Webster, Adams, Lewis Cass, Van Buren, et al ; Pease, The Frontier State, ch. 6-9; F. A. Ogg, The Reign of Andrew Jackson. XIX. JACKSON AND THE UNITED STATES BANK. The Second United Sates Bank (1816-1836): Biddle and the Bank: relation to United States Government; relation to financial organiza- tion of the country. Jackson's attack on the Bank : inherent opposition to the Bank ; the attack in the annual messages : the controversy before Congress- petition for recharter ; recharter bill, July, 1832, vetoed by Jackson ; recharter of bank main issue in election of 1832 ; re-election of Jacksoiv Removal of the deposits: Jackson determines to place United Statv's funds in State Banks ; changes in Treasury ; order for removal by Secretary Taney; controversy witli the Senate; the censure anl the expunging resolutions. Bank situation after the veto: expiration of charter of U. S. Bank; 1836, chartered by Pennsylvania ; tiic "pet banks" ; distribution of the sur- plus ; specie circular. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of American Nationality ch. 13. (Bassett, Short History, AW-AZb.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, 71, 81-84, 88-92, 94. 95. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material : House Reports. 22 Cong. 1 sess.. No. 460. House Exec. Documents, 23 Cong. 1 sess.. No. 523. Senate Documents, 23 Cong. 1 sess. Nilcs Weekly Register. XXXV-XLIV. Adams. Memoirs, VIII, IX. T. H. Benton. Thirty Years' Vici^'. I, ch. 40, 41, 66-68, 92-101. H. Clay. Works (Coiton ed.), IV, ch. 7-10. VI, 94-105, 145-203, 264-278. D. Webster, Works, (Everett ed.). III. 391-447. J. A. Hamilton, Reminiscences, ch. 6-8. iM. Van Buren, Political Parties, 311-362. 23 Si-xoNHAKN Matkriai. : MacDonald. Jacksi'iiiaii Democracy, ch. 7. 11, 13. Bassett. Life of Audrciv Jack\wu, II. ch. 27-29. R. C. H. Catteral!. Second Bank of the United States, ch. 4-19. Holdsworth and Dewey. First and Second Banks, 248-265, 296-307. Schouler, United States, 1\'. ch. 13. sec. 3, ch. 14. sec. 1. W. M. Meigs. Thomas Hart Benton, 183-224. 271-275, Samuel Tyler. Riu/er B. Taney. 1. ch. 3. R. G. Wel- lington, Political and Sectional Inflnenee of the Public Lands. 1828- 1842. Stanwood, History of the Fresideuey. ch. 13. Dewey, Financial History, sec. 86-90. See also references under X\'II1. XX. NULLIFICATION. The tariff of 1824: protests of South Carolina — nullification theory stated: tariff of 1828; Calhoun's "Exposition'": tariff' act called uncon- stitutional by Georgia and South Carolina. Development of nullification : Webster-Hayne debate. 1830 ; tlie two tlie- ories advanced — historically correct theory of Hayne : growing na- tionalit}- expressed by Webster — tendenc\- expressed in opinion of Supreme Court under Marshall — ^limitation of State competence — extension of implied powers : Jackson pronounces against Xullifica- tion. 1831 ; break witli Calhoun. Tariff of 1832. South Carolina convention and Ordinance of Xullification : proclama- tion of the President; military preparations in South Carolina; pas- sage of force l)ill ant! comjiromise tariff'. March. 1833; repeal of South Carolina Ordinance. RKQUIRED RK.\D1XG: Fish. Development of .Imeriean Xationality. ch. 13. (Bassett. Short History, 396. 403. 407-410.) MacDonald. Documentary Source Booh, No. 85-87. COELATKR AL READIXG : SouKrK .\l ATKRiAi.: h'cc/ister of Debates. IX. pt. 2. App. Benton Abridy- ments. Xi. XII. Soiate Pocunicjits. 22 Cong. 2 sess., I. MacDonald. Select Docunuiils, Xo. 44. 45, 47-49, 53, 55. 56. Adams, Memoirs. \TII. J. C. Calhoun. IVorks, II. \'l. Correspondence, 219-223. 269- 328. Webster. IVorks (Everett ed.). III. 248-355. 448-505. Fri-c'ate Correspondence, I. 483-535. H. Clay. Il'orks (Colton ed.). 1\'. ch. 8, 9. V. 640-680, VI. 5-140. 24 Secoxdary Material: AlacDonald, Jncksoiiicui Democracy, ch. 5, 6, 9. G. S. Callender, Economic History, ch. 10. Johnston and VVoodburn, American Political History, I, ch. 19. Von Hoist. United States, I, ch. 12, John C, Calhoun, ch. 4. Hunt, John C. Calhoun, 60-197. Schouler, United States, IV, ch. 13. sec. 3. McMaster, People of the United States, VI. ch. 54. 58. McMaster, Daniel PVebster, 151-225. T. D. Jervey, Robert V. Hayne, 32-45. 93-98, 230-377. Bassett, Life of Andrezi.' Jackson, H, ch. 26. Stanwood, Tariff Controz'ersies, 1. 9, 10. Dewey, Financial History, ch. 8. Taussig. Tariff History. 68-112. J. L. Bishop, .Interican Manufacturers, II, 298-381. XXI. JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY UNDER VAN BUREN. Coalescence of political parties. Jackson men — Democrats ; anti-Jackson Democrats, National Republicans, Whigs. Van Buren as Jackson's political heir: member of Jackson's first cabinet, minister to England, vice-president, president. 1837-41. Internal questions of Van Buren's administration : panic of 1837, "deposit" act suspended; second panic, 1839; period of -economic depression; Independent Treasury established. 1840. act repealed, 1841 ; re-estab- lished, 1846; slavery controversy; rise of abolition movement after 1830; Congress and abolition petitions, the Gag Rule. Gag Resol- tions, repeal of rule, 1844. Foreign questions of Jacksonian era: Maine boundary. Aroostook War, 1838-9; Oregon; Texas; French Spoliation claims; United States and the Canadian revolution. Caroline affair. McLcod aft'air. kKQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of American Nationality, ch. 15. (Bassett, Short History, 432-435.) MacDonald, Jacksonian Democracy, ch. 17. Hart, Slavery and Abolition (.-Imencini Xatioii. vol. 16). ch. 18, 20. COLLATERAL READING: Source Materiat. : J. Q. Adams. .Memoirs. IX, X. .\I. \an Burcn. Political Parties, ch. 9. J. C. Calhoun, Correspojidence, 371-462. Hor- ace Greely, Recollections, ch. 16. T. H. Benton, Thirty ]'ear.s-' Uietv II, ch. 1-59. B. P. Poore. Perley's Roniniscences. I, ch. 14-16. ShcoxnARV Material: Stanwood, History of the Presidency, ch. 14. E. M. Shcpard, Martin Can lUtren, ch. 8-10. McMaster. People of the Untied Stales. \'l, c'n. 04-66, 68. Schouler. United States, IV, 25 ch. 15. Von Hoist, United States, II, 146-177, 194-217. K. Coman, hidustrial History, 227-231. G. S. Calleiider, Economic History, ch. 11. ■ D. R. Dewey, Financial History, sec. 96-101, 104. Dewey, Statt? Hanking Before the Civil IVar. G. Myers, History of Tammany Hall, ch. 12-14. Financial Revulsions of 1837 o'd iSSy. Bankers' Mag- azine, XII, 390. F. Byrdsall, Loco-Foco Party; D. R. Fox, Decline of Aristrocracy in N ezv York Politics (Columbia University studies) ; Pease, The Frontier State, ch. 10-12. XXII. TRIUMPH AND DISCOMFITURE OF THE WHIGS. National Republicans become Whigs : little political coherence ; influence of personal leadership (e. g.., Clay, Webster) ; Harrison and Tyler elected, 1840, by campaign of popular electioneering; split of the Whigs, Harrison and the patronage ; death of Harrison. Tyler's break with the WJiigs : Whig policies outlined by Clay ; promi- nence of current issues ; Tyler's veto of the Bank Bill, open break with Whigs : check to Whig program ; tariff of 1833 modified, infiuence of protectionist Democrats of North. Foreign Relations: Webster-Ashburton Treaty (Webster sole survivor of Harrison's cabinet)' boundary settlements, slave trade; unpopular- ity of treaty injures Whigs in Northeast and in South; Texas; dis- comfiture of Whigs ; failure of program ; loss of House by election of 1842; defeat in presidential campaign of 1844. RKQUIRKD READING: Fisii, Development of American Nationality, ch. 16. (Bassett, Short History. 435-444.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book. Mo. 96. COLLATERAL READING: Source M.aterial: D. Mallary, Henry Clay. II, 384-436. 482-562. H. Clay, Works (Colton ed.), IV, ch. 9, VI, 406-561. D. Webster, Works (Everett ed.), II, cli. 28, 29, 32, VI, 247-269. J. C. Calhoun, ll'orhs. Ill, IV, Correspondence, 448-514, 816-829, 844. T. H. Benton, Thirty )'eaPs J'ie-u: II, ch. 58-134. Adams, Memoirs. X, XI. Levi Wood- bury, Writings. I. 212-353. C. Coleman, .lohn J. Crittenden, I, ch. 12- 17. B. P. Poorc, Perley's Reminiscences, I, ch. 17-23. Skcondary Mat!;iy railroads: state and federal aid to railroads ; land grants. Westward expansion ; railroads as cause and result of westward movement ment ; rise of agricultural Northwest: significance of western food- stuffs, for United States and for Europe ; stimulation of commerce and merchant marine : new states and territories. Immigration: the Irish migration and eastern industrial centers; the Germans : anti-foreign activities : unequal distribution of immigrants, few in South. Expansionist zeal : Texas, .\nK-ricans and the establishment of the Ko- public of Texas : Oregon : agitation for settlement of title : Salt Lake ; California. REQUIRED READING: Fish Developineni of .Imerican Xalionality, ch. 17. (Bassett, Short History. 461-483, fassi)n.) Hart. Co)i tempo- raries. IV, ch. 4. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material : Census Reports, issued biennially, contain statistical information relative to population, industry, etc. Numerous observers have left records in form of travels, etc. : among the most impor- tant arc: F. L. Olmstead, Journey in the .Seaboard Slave States, Journey Through Texas. Journey Through the Back Country; J. F. W. Johnston, Xotes on Xorth .Imerica: M. Chevalier, Society. Manners and Polities in the Cnited Slates: H S. Tanner, Description of the Canals and KaUroads of the Cnited Stales: H. Martincau, Society in . I m erica. SK((iNi).\k^- Matkriai. : MacMastor, Cnited States. \' . ch. 44, \'l, 86-9.'^, \'il. 99-1.^. Turner, h'ise of the Ne-,' West. ch. 2-8. K. Coman, Industrial History, 207-268. K. C. Semple, American History and its Geographic Conditions. 246-273, 337-390. Bogart, Economic History. 27 sec. 143-154, 173-190, 202-211. H. R. Johnson, American Raihi'ay Traiis- portation. 13-49, 308-353, passim. A. B. Hulbert, Great American Canals. For detailed list of references on this topic see Channing, Hart and Turner, Guide, sec. 201 ; Turner, References on History of the I4'''est, XX-XXV ; Turner, West in American History; A. B. Hul- burt, Paths of Inland Commerce. W.E. Dodd, The Cotton Kingdom: Emerson Hough. The Passing of tlie Frontier; Issac Lippincott. Economic developmenl of the I'liited States, ch. 7-11. XXIV. PERIOD OF SOCIAL UPHEAVAL. Intellectual and moral awakening; new generation of writers and think- ers ; new type of newspapers ; multiplication of periodicals and books : intellectual renaissance in New England ; educational problems : pop- ular educational methods — the lecture ; humanitarian movements. Reappearance of slavery as social problem : Lundy, Garrison and the abolitionist movement ; growing dififerentiation of sections ; South on defensive; opposition to Abolitionists in North; indifference of Northwest to question of slavery ; slavery contests in Congress ; Gag Rule ; tendency of slavery to tinge all national issues. Democratic movements of the North : anti-rent riots of New York ; Dorr rebellion in Rhode Island. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of American Xatioiialily. cli. 18. ( Bassett, Short Hist(^ry. ch. 22, passim.) MacDonald. DucU' mentary .Source Book, No. 93. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: Travels, such as those of F. Bremer, J. S. Buck- ingham, M. Chevalier. Charles Dickens, F. A. Kemblc. H. Martincan. Mrs. Trollope. Contemporary periodicals and newspapers. Caliioun, Correspondence. Garrison, Life of IV >n. Lloyd Garrisim. J. R. Com- mons, Documentary History of American Industrial Society. Books by N. P. Willis, G. W. Curtis, C. A. Bristed. Secondary Material: Hart. Slavery and Abolition, cii. 1, 2; .Valional Ideals, ch. 3, 10-12. J. F. Rhodes. History of the Cniled Stales. I, .38- 75, ch. 4. III. 59-113. Von Hoist. United States. II, 80-120. T. C. Smith, Parties and Shwery, 1-109. Pease. The Frontier State, ch. 22; J. Macy, The .Inti-sUrrery Cru.wde. R. G. Boone. Jidncation in the United States, pt. 3. B. A. Hinsdale. Horace Maim. B. Wendell. 28 Literary History of .liihrica, l)k. 3-5. H. T. Tuckerman, America and Her Co)iiiiieiitators. K. P. Cheney. .Inti-reiit Agitation in Xeiv York. A. M. Mowry, The Dorr War. For extended list of refer- ences, see Chanuing. Hart and Turner, (inide, sec. 200. XXV. ACQUISITION OF TEXAS AND OREGON. Oregon territory: conventions of 1818 and 1827, joint occupation; claims to Oregon, British and American — Lewis and Clark explorations ; Astoria; Gray's discoveries ; extinction of Spanish and Russian claims; settlements in Oregon; the Hudson's Baj- Company; American mis- sionary settlements ; Oregon in Congress ; activities of Floyd ; period of quiescence; Linn and Oregon, the Linn bill; attempts at diplomati'- settlement; interest of Northwest in securing title; growth of demanrl for all Oregon — 54° 40'. Texas: relation to Louisiana Purchase; surrender of American claim- in treaty 1819; attempts to purchase Texas, 1825-29; American settle- ment of Tex^s ; revolution and independence from Mexico; United States rejects Texas's request for annexation; independence of Texas recognized, 18,i7 ; growth of annexation agitation, fear of Britisli intervention; negotiations for annexation, 1843-4; treaty of annexation signed (April, 1844) and rejected (June, 1844). Texas and Oregon in election of 1844 : Clay and Van Buren pronounce against immediate annexation ; Clay nominated by Whigs ; Polk nom- inated by Democrats on expansionist platform; election of Polk; joint resolution for annexation, March, 1845; proposition accepted by Texas, December, 1845 ; annexation completed, 1846 ; Oregon neg"0t!a- tions ; Pakenham mission; arbitration rejected, 1845; Oregon debate in Congress, 1845-6; notice for termination of joint occupation; treat\ dividing Oregon, June, 1846. REQUIRED READING: Fish Dezrlopnient of American Nationality, ch. 16, pp. 302-311. MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, No. 93, 97, 99. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material : The Oregon and Texas cpiestions together occupied a large part of Congress' time from 1836 to 1846, consequently the Congressional Clobe contains much material in these years. Senate Exec. Documentary, 35 Cong. 1 sess.. No. 29. House E.x-ec. Documents, 42 Cong. 3 sess., V. J. K. Polk, Diary, ed. Quaife. J. Buchanan. Works. VI. Writings of Calhoun, Welister, Woodbury, Benton, Poore, etc. 29 Secondakv Matkkial: Garrison, li'rstzvard lixtmsioit. ch. 1, 2, 5-11. Garrison, Texas, ch. 19. 21. Von Hoist, United States, II, ch. 5, 6. L. G. Tyler. Letters and Times of the Tylers, II, 250-364, III, 115-162. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, ch. 16. Sclvouler, United States, IV, ch. 16, 17. McMaster, People of the United States, VII, ch. 71, 72. 77. Rhodes, United States. I. 75-87. H. H. Bancroft. North- 7i.'est Coast. II, ch. 15-17; Oregon.. I, ch. 14. R. Greenhow. Oregon and California. T. I. Marshall, Acquisition of Oregon, I. L. B. Shippec, Federal Relations of Oregon, Quarterly of Oregon Hist. Soc.. XX, 35-9.3. J. S. Reeves, American Diplomacy under Tyler and Polk. G. L. Rives, United States and Mexico, 1821-1848. J. H. Smith, Annexation of Texas. E. D. Adams, British Interests i)i Te.vas; N. W. Stephenson, Texas and the Mexican IVar. XXVI. THE MEXICAN WAR, 1846-48. Causes : American grievances ; unsettled claims of American citizens : Mexican grievances ; violation of Mexican territory ; assistance to and annexation of Texas ; Texas boundary. Polk's plans: acquisition of California; Slidell mission to settle issues and purchase territory, September-December, 1845 ; Taylor ordered to disputed territory, January, 1846, to force issue; Slidell leaves Mexico March, 1846 ; Taylor's force attached, April ; war message and declara- tion of war, Ma^^ 1846. Operations of the war: seizure of New Mexico and California; Taylor's campaign in nortliern Mexico; invasion of Central Mexico by Scott; capture of Mexico City, August, 1847. Peace negotiations and treaty: "Two Million Bill", 1846; Trist mission. 1847-8; treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo. 2 Feb. 1848. Gadsden Purchase, 1853. REQUIRED REARING: Fish Development of American Nationality. 310-315. (Bassett. Short History. 446-450.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book. No. 98. 101. 108. COLLATERAL RPIADIXG : Source Material: J. K. I'olk. Diary. Xiles Weekly Register. J. Buc- lianan. Works. VI. VIl, VIII (see table contents). J. C. Calhoun, Works. IV; Correspondence. 671-757, 960. 1067-1069, 1083-1085. T. H. Benton, Thirty i'ears' / '/iw. II. cli. 149, l6l. j. Q. .\dams, .\fenioirs. 30 XII. Z. Taylor. Letters from the Battlefields. C. Coleman, John J. Crittenden. 1. ch. 19-22. K. L. Pierce. Sumner, III. ch. iZ. G. G. Meade, Life and Letters of George Gordon }Jeade. 1, 19-198. .SK(■ONDAR^■ Matkkial : Garrison, Wesluxird Extension, ch. 13-15. Von Hoist. L'niled States. Ill, ch. .M2. Schouler, United States, IV, 518- 550, V, ch. 18, sec. 2, 3. McMaster, People of the United States, VII, 423-472, 506-525. W. Jay, Mexican Jl'ar. R. S. Ripley, IVar With Mexico. O. O. Howard, General Taylor, ch. 6-20. J. S. Reeves, Amer- ican Diplomacy Under Tyler and Polk. ch. 3. 13. J. Smith, Annex- ation of Texas; Mexican War. \V. S. Rohertsnn, Rise of the Spanish- .Imerican Republics. E. Upton, Military Policy of the United States Ihirinci the }h\rica)i JJ'ar. ITutse Pocument, 63 Cong. 2 sess.. No. 972. XXVII. THE WAR, SLAVERY AND POLITICS. I'^conumic questions: \V,a]kcr tariff of 1846; opposition among Democrats: warehouse act ; internal improvements. Slavery and the war: Wilmot proviso and the "Two Alillion Bill," 1846; "Three Million Bill," 1847; Wilmot proviso before States; split in parties ; Cotton Whigs and Conscience Whigs ; Wilmot and anti- Wilmot Democrats; Whigs control House, 1847-9 ; Abolitionist activity. Slavery and territorial organization : Oregon organization occasion of discussion; attempt to extend Missouri Compromise line to Pacific; attempt to add New Mexico and California bills to Oregon bill ; Ore- gon organized as free territory, 1848; various tlieories of territorial control by Congress. The split in the election of 1848: issue dodged by Whigs and Democrats; New York Democrats split — Hunkers and Barnburners ; Barnburners and moderate Abolitionists join on Wilmot Proviso and Van Buren ; election of Whig President and Democratic House plurality. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of .Imerican Nationality 315-321. Garr\son,W estivard Extension, ch. 16, 17, 19. Hart, Con- temporaries, IV, sec. 15-18. COLLATERAL READING: SouRCK Material : T. B. Benton, Abridgment of Debates, XVI, con- tains the territorial discussion in Congress. J. K. Polk, Diary, II-IV. 1). C. Calhoun, Works. IV, 303-541, Correspondence, 709-763, 10.%- 1197. Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase. Am. Hist. Assn., Report, 1902, II, 116-188, 467-475. E. L. Pierce, Charles Sum- ner, III. ch. ?,^. C. Coleman, .fohn .1 . Crittenden. I, ch. 21, 24-28. J. R. Lowell, Biijelow Papers. 31 .S"fc;coxDAFt>ok. Xn. 102-107. collatp:ral reading : Source Material: Debates on compromise measures in Congressional Globe, 3 Cong. 1 sess., and Benton, Abridgmoit, XVI. Benton. Thirty Years' Vieiv, II, ch. 184-197. Calhoun, Works, IV, 542-577. Corre- spondence, 76A-7%7, 1197-1212. Diary and Correspondence of Salmon I'. Chase, 188-220. H. Clay. IVorks, VI, 601-634. Webster, irorks (Everett ed.), V, 302-438. C. Sumner, Speeches, III. Secondary Material : Garrison, IVesttvard Extension, ch. 20, T. C. Smith, Parties and Slaz'cry {American Nation, vol. 18), cli. 1-3. Rhodes, United States. I, ch. 2, 3. A. Johnson, Stephen A. Douglas. 176-198. Schouler, United States, V, ch. 19. 20, sec. 1. Von Hoist United States, III, ch. 15, 16. G. T. Curtis. Daniel Webster, II, ch. 36, 38. C. Schurz, Henry Clay, II, ch. 16. H. H. Bancroft, California. VI, ch. 12, 13. W. H. Siebert, Underground Railroad. W. M. Cock- rum, History of the Underground Railroad. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, ch. 19. XXIX. EXPANSION, SLAVERY AND INTERNATIONAL RE- LATIONS. Isthmian and Central American diplomacy: Isthmian transit; New Gra- nada treaty, 1846-8 ; Tehuantepec scheme ; conflict of British and American interests ; Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1850 ; continued uneasi- ness in English- American-Central American relations ; Prometheus aflfair ; Greytown and the Cyane; Kansas situation checks aggressive attitude of United States ; boundary settlements, 1857-60. Latin-Americans and the Filibusters : Southern desire for Cuba ; revolu- tionary disorders in island ; Spain resents suggestion of purchase ; Lopez expeditions, 1849, 1851 ; strained relations with Spain ; European attempt to settle disturbances: Black Warrior: Ostcnd manifesto. Hungarian patriots and United States. Oriental relations: Cushing and the China treaty, 1845: Reed's treaty. 1858; Perry and Japan, 1853; question of annexation of Hawaii, 1853-4. REQUIRED Ri-:ADIX(;: Fish Development of American Xationality. .331-335. MacDonald, Select Documents. Xo. 77, 84, 89. COLLATERAL READING: Soi'RCK Material: Dii)Iomatic correspondence is to be found amon'; papers accompanying the Presidents' messages to Congress each year and is printed among Senate Documents, 31 Cong, to 36 Cong. Polk. Dinry. Millard Pilhnore Papers, Buffalo Hist, Soc, Publications. \, XI. Burhanan, Writings. 33 Skcondarv Matkrial: Garrison, U'cslzoard Extension . ch : 18. Smith, Par- ties and Slaz'ery, ch. 6. McMaster. People of the United States. VII, ch. 84. Schouler, United States, II, (see table of contents). Rhodes, United States. I, II, (see table of contents). Von Hoist, United States. IV, ch. 2, V, ch. 1. 10. VI. 151-165, 330-348. J. W. Foster, Century of .Inierieait Diploinaey, 324-356, 454-460; Anieriean Diplomacy in the Orient, eh. 2-7. M. W. Williams. Auglo-Aineriean Isthmian Diplomacy. J. H. Latane, United States and Spanish America. 103-136, 176-1Q8. Lives of Buchanan, Webster. Seward, Douglas. Judah P. Benjamin ; J. D. Latane, "Diplomacy of the United States in regard to Cuba," American Historical Association Report. 1897, 219-252. XXX. KANSAS-NEBRASKA. Territorial situation, 1853 ; status of slavery fixed by law as result of various compromises; Nebraska bill of 1853 blocked by Senate; Western desire for opening lands and extinguishing Indian title. Douglas' Nebraska bill of 1853-4: incorporation of "popular sovereignty" advocated by Northwest ; slavery discussion reopened with added bit- terness in Congress ; protests from the North ; passage of bill by largely sectional vote ; influence of administration. Disruption of old parties as result of Kansas bill : formation of new Republican party (1854). Freesoilers, anti-slavery Whigs and Demo- crats, remnants of minor parties. Struggle for Kansas : free and slave states determine to settle and so hold ; Emigrant Aid Societies ; "Border Ruffians ;" "Bleeding Kan- sas" ; Free and Slave governments ; Lecompton Constitution and Con- gress ; Kansas rejects statehood and Lecompton Constitution. RI-:QUIRED READING. Fish Development of American Nationality, 335-348. (Bassett, Short History. 485-497.) MacDonald. Document- ary Source Book, No. 109-112, 114. COLLATERAL READING: SoiTRtE Material: Con(/ressional Globe. 33 Cong., 1 sess., 2 sess.. 34 Cong.. 35 Cong, (see index, "Kansas") House Reports. 33 Cong. 1 sess.. No. 80; 34 Cong. 1 sess., II, No. 200. Senate Reports. 34 and 35 Cong., "Kansas." J. S. Pike, First Blozvs of the Civil War, 188- 190, 201-238. Diary and Correspondence of Chase. 254-263. A. H. Stephens. War Between the States. I, 625-636, 1!. 241-257, colloquy 17. (Harrisons, Harrison, III, ch. 14. F. W^ P>lackinar, Charles Robinson. Chas. Robinson, The Kansas Conflict. L. W. Spring, Kansas. F. B. Sanborn, .lohn Ih-own. cli. 7-11. 34 Secondary Matkkiai. : Smith, Parties and Slaz'cry. 8-12, W. E. Dodd, Expansion and Conflict, ch. 12. J. F. Rhodes. United States, I, ch. 5, II, cli. 7, 8. McMaster. People of the United States, VIII, ch. 90, 91 93. Schouler, United States, X, ch. 21. P. O. Ray, Repeal of the Missouri Compromise. O. G. Villard. John Brozvn, a Biography. Biographies oi Douglas, Chase. Hale, Seward, Sumner ; .\. C. Cole. The era of the eiz'il zvar, ch. 5, 6. XXXI. SLAVERY IN POLITICS. 1852-1858. Slavery and parties: breaking up of Whigs after 1850-2; Native Ameri- canism ; Know-Nothings — anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, split on slavery issue, 1855, gradual disintegration, 1856-60; Republican party; various elements with predominance of old Whigs ; organization, 1854 ; state victories, 1855 ; control of House. Election of 1856 : divided Know-Nothings and Fillmore ; sectional Re- publicans and Fremont ; Buchanan supported by Democrats and many conservative Whigs ; election of Buchanan. Dred Scott decision: 1857; application of state law; disallowance of Missouri compromise; limitation of territorial legislation. REQUIRED READING: Fislv. Development of American Nationality. 342-346. (Bassett. Short tlistory, 493-499.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, No. 113. COLLATERAL RI-:ADING: SouRCK Material: .\. IJncoln, ll'orL-s (Federal ed.), 11, 176-186, VII, 381-387; (Biog. cd.). II, 187-312. J. Buchanan, ll'orks.. VIII. 426- 500, X, 8-100. Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase, 220-252, 264. F. L. Pierce, Charles Sumner, III, ch. 39. 40. J. S. Pike. First Bloivs of the Civil War. B. P. Poore, Perley's Reminiscences. I, cl. 36-44. W. H. Seward, IVorks, IV. 223-288. C. H. Van Tyne, Letters of Daniel Webster, 475-542. The full text of the Scott case is found in 19 Hozmrd, 399. and 2 Miller, 1, SEtoxD.\RY M.\TKRiAi. : Staiiwood, Ilisliiry of the I'lesidency. ch. 20. T. C. Smith, Parties and SUn'cry. ch. 2-4, 8, 10, 12, 13; Liberty and Uree Soil Parlies, ch. 14-19. II. Greeley, .-hnerican Conflict, 1, ch. 17-21. Nicolay and Hay, .Ibraham Lincoln. 1, ch. 18-21. Schouler. United States, VI. ch. 21. sec. 2. ch. 22, sec. 1. Curtis, Buchanan, If, ch. 6. 8-11. H. Wilson, Rise and Fall of Shnr Pozver, II, ch. 31, 32, 35, 3S. J. I',. McMaster. With the Fathers, 87-106. A. D. Morse, Repub- lican I'arly. Pol. Science Ouar.. \'ll, 522. H. J. Desmond, Knozv- A'othiiif/ Parly. F. Curtis, Repnblicaii Party, I, ch. 6-9. K. S. Corwin. Dred Scolt Pecision. .Im. Ilisl. I\ez'ie-a\ X\"1I. 52; Cole. The era of the Ciz'il War. ch. 6. Uluides. (';///,■(/ .V/od and Edmunds, The Civil War in the United States XXXVI. CIVIL WAR: FINANCES. Financial situation at opening of the war: inexperienced leaders (Chase. Fcssenden, Stevens); empty treasury; country normally prosperous. The Loans: variety of short and long-time loans at varying interest rates; tendency to borrow rather than tax; suspension of specie pay- ments by banks, December, 1861. The Legal Tenders : flat money to relieve demands of treasury, furnish currenc}' ; acts of 1862. 1863; inflation of currency; depreciation of greenbacks; rise of prices; constitutionality of greenbacks, — the Legal Tender Cases. Taxation: neglect of adequate taxation at nutset; gradual increase; tlie excise; income tax; adjustment of customs. National Bank System: Act of 1863 (amended 1864. 1865) ; provide mar- ket for United States bonds, stabilize banknote issue ; checking of State banks of issue. Financial readjustment after the war: funding or contraction: funding act of 1866; policy established by act of 1870; greenbacks and resump- tion; "hard" and "soft" money advocates; Resumption Act of 1875; Greenback patty, 1876-1884; Resumption completed, 1879. REQUIRED READING: Dewey, Finaneiat History, ch. 12, 13. Mac- Donald, Documrntiiry Source Book. Xos. 126, \^S, 163, 169, 175. COLLATiCRAL RICADING: SorRCE Matertai, : 1'.. McPlicrson, I'oHlicid History of the United Stales durjn;/ the Ureal Kebellion. 338-374; II McCullouch. Men and Mea- 40 suns. ch. 15-22. J. Sherman. Recollections, I. ch. 12. 13, 17, 2C. 21. G. S. Boutwell, Rciniiiiseiiccs, II, ch. 23, 25, 26. C. F. Dunbar, Laivs Relating to Finance. America Annual Cyclopedia. 1861-75, under "United States." For the important cases, Lane County v. Oregon, 7 Wallace 71 ; Veazie Bank v. Fenno. 8 Wallace, 533 ; Hepburn v. Griswold, 8 Wallace, 603; Legal Tender Cases. 12 Wallace, 457. Secondary Material: Rhodes. United States. III. 559-578. IV. Zi7-ZA2>. VI, 158-167, 215-280. H. White, Money and Banking, ch. 3, 14. A. M. Davis, Origin of National Banking .System. A. D. Noyes, Forty Years of American Finance. 1-72. D. R. Dewey, Financial History, ch. 12-16. F. Fessenden. William Pitt Fesscnden, 11, ch. 4-6, p-p. 103- 108, 289-325. E. P. Oberholtzer, Jay Cooke, I, ch. 4-12, 18. Biogra- ph'ies of John Sherman. Salmon Chase, Levi P. Morton, J. W. Grimes. XXXVII. CIVIL WAR: ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. Divergence of opinion in North on slavery and its abolition; preservation of Union and abolition of slavery not identical. Steps before Emancipation Proclamation : Resolutions on Nature and Object of the War, July, 1861 ; Confiscation Act, August, 1861 ; ques- tion of slaves falling into Union hands; Fremont's proclamation neu- tralized by Lincoln; Butler and Contrabrands ; Joint Resolution for compensated emancipation ; slavery abolished in District of Columbia (April, 1862). in Territories (June, 1862) ; second Confiscation Act. i,incoln and Ivmancipation : problem of the border states; emancipatioi; proposition before Cabinet, July, 1862 ; the preliminary proclamation. September. 1862 (after Antietam) ; the Emancipation Proclamation, January, 1863, a war measure; varying reception by country. Congress and Slavery: XIII Amendment resolution passed l)y House. April, 1864, by Senate, January, 1865 ; announcement of ratification, December. 1865; repeal of Fugitive Slave Laws. June, 1864; Frecd- man's bureau (December, 1863, March. 1865.) R1':(JUIRKD READING: Fish. Development of .hneiiean Xalionality. ch. 23. passim. J. VV. Burgess. Ci7'il H'or and the Constitution, II, ch. 16. 18, 20. MacDonald. Poeuinenlary .Source Book. Nos. 121, 124, 127-130. 132. 133. 144. 41 COLLATKRAL READING : Source Material : Ed. McPherson, Political History of the United States during the Great Rebellion. 195-261. A. Lincoln, IVorlcs (Biog. ed.), VI, 350, 353, 357-361, VII-X, (see index). G. Welles, Diary, I, II, (see index). Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase. A. K. Mc- Clure, Lineoln and the Men of War Times, 88-104. F. B. Carpenter Six Months at the White House. Hart, Contemporaries. IV, ch. 21. .hneriean Annual Cyclopedia, 1862, 786-796. Skcondakv Material: Rhodes, United States. Ill, 269-271, 466-476, 630- 636, IV, X, scattered references, see table uf contents. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, IV, ch. 22, 24, V, ch. 12, VI, ch. 6 ; 8, 17,19,20; VIII, ch. 16, 20, X, ch. 4. Garrisons William Lloyd Garrison, IV, ch. 1-6. H. Greeley, American Conflict. II, ch 11> 12, 22. H. W. Wilbur President Lincoln's .Ittitude tcrzcard slax'ery and Emancipation. Wm. Whiting, War Pourrs, cIl 3, 8. XXXVIII. CIVIL WAR: POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTIONS. Extraordinary powers conferred by Congress on President. 1861 ; ratifi- cation of previous acts. Habeas Corpus : Merryman Case ; suspension of privilege by President, September, 1862; Act (March, 1863) authorizing suspensions; quali- fied suspension over country, September, 1863; judicial interpretation of issue: Vallandigham episode Ohio 1863-4. Freedom of the Press: Copperhead Press; relation to military situation and morale of North. West Virginia and the Constitution ; Pierpont Government in Virginia ; admission of West Virginia, 1862-3 ; formal adhesion to Constitution. Politics and the War: The Union (Republican) Party, 1861-5; War Democrats and Copperheads ; election of 1862, Republican losses ; cam- paign of 1864, split between Conservative and Radical Republicans ; Democrats united on McClcUan and "war a failure" ; victory of Lin- coln and Union Party. Rl'XJUIRED READINC;. Fish. De^rlopmenl of American Xationality. ch. 2.^. passim. MacDonald. Documentary .Source Book, Xos. 123, 125, 131, 135. 42 COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: American .binual Cyclopedia (1861), p. 328, 354, 439; (1862), pp. 275-376, 508-515; (1863), pp. 233-258, 268-328, 469-491; (1864), pp. 389-425; (1865), 414-421. Official Opinions of the Attor- neys-General, X. XL E. McPherson, Political History of the United States during the Great Rebellion, 153-195; 261-339, 374-398, 403-417, 617-622. A. Lincoln, Works (Biog. ed.), VI, 266-361, VII-IX. C. L. Vallandigham, Record on Abolition, The Union, and the Civil War. G. W. Julian, Political Recollections, ch. 9-11. Secondary Material: A. Johnston, American Politics, ch. 20, J. W. Bur- gess, Civil War and the Constitution, II, ch. 28. J. N. Pomeroy, Con- stitutional La-w. sec. 662-668, 703-710. Rhodes, United States, IV, 163- 170. 320-332, 408-418, 456-487, 507-539. W. A. Dunning, Essays on the Cifil War and Reconstruction, 1-62. Nicolay & Hay, Abraham Lin- coln, IV, ch. 6-8, VI. ch. 15. 16, VII, ch, 2, 12, 13, VIII, ch. 1, 2. PI D. Fite, Social and Industrial Conditions in the North during the Civil IVar. W. B. Weeden, War Government, State and Federal. R. C. Hurd. Treaties on Habeas Corpus. Stanwood, History of the Presi- dency, ch. 22. J. A. Marshall, .imerican Bastilc. XXXIX. INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF CIVIL WAR. Attitude of European States : dominant classes in France and Great Brit- ain sympathetic with South ; British workingman for North ; Con- federate. Missions ; recognition of Belligerency (1861); Seward's pol- icy; failure of European States to recognize Confederacy: mediation- offer of France and Britain, 1861, rejected; attempt of France (1862) to secure British and Russian joint intervention; French attempt re- pulsed by United States (1863) ; attitude of Congress. Trent Affair: seizure of Confederate commissioners, November, 1861 ; pro- test of Great Britain ; act disavowed by United States. Salutary effects of Emancipation Proclamation ; the unofficial missions. The Confederate cruisers: Florida, .llabama (1862) and others escaping from. English ports; protests of Minister Adams; destruction of .\merican shipping; the Laird rams (1863); ultimatum of Adams. AUilninia claims: arbitration declined by Britain, 1865; growing irrita- tion in United States; Johnson-Clarendon Treaty, 1869, rejected bv U. S. Senate ; Grant's referneces in Messages, 1869, 1870 ; Joint High Commission, 1871 ; Treaty of Washington ; provision for arbitral tri- bunal and rules for its guidance ; Geneva Tribunal and .iward. 43 France, Mexico and tlic United States ; perennial discord of Mexico, revo- lutions and insecurity of life and property, failure to meet obligations; London agreement about Mexico (England, France, Spain), (1861); Allied Fleet to Vera Cruz ; Mexican Assurances ; withdrawal of Brit- tain and Spain; armed intervention of France; Mexican Empire of Maximilian; Seward's inquiries (1862), and resolutions of Congress ( 1864) strong policy of United States after war ; withdrawal of French' forces, 1867; death of Maximilian and end of Mexican Empire. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Drz'clopinciit of .hiu-ricait Natiouality. 385-389. 423-426. MacDonald. nocumoitary Sourer Book. Xo. 136. (Bassett, Short History, ch. 31.) COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, 1861-1872 (re- prints from Senate E.veeutive Documents; the published diplomatic correspondence is issued under this title year by year). Case of the United States before the (Geuez'a) Tribunal of Arbitration. W. H. Seward, Works. V. (For Mexico), House E.vee. Doc., 40 Cong. 2 sess., VII. No. 25. G. Welles, Diary. II, III. A. D. White, Autobiography. I, ch. 9. 11. 18. Secondary Materia!.: Foster, Century of American Diplomacy, ch. 10; Hosmer, Appeal to Anns. ch. 20, Outcome of Civil War, ch. 10; Bur- gess, Civil War and Constitution, II, ch. 33; Draper; Civil War, 11, ch. 60-62, III, ch. 84; Cambridge Modern History, XII, ck. 2; Schouler. United States, VI, ch. 1, sec. 6 & 13. ch. 2, sec. 6; Rhodes. United States. Ill, 417-35, 519-43, IV. 76-95. ch. 3Z, V, 205-11 ; Morse, Lincoln. I. ch. 12; Adams, Charles Francis .Idams. 144-357; Seward. Seivard at Washington. I, ch. 60. 61. 65-7, II, ch. 1-9, 20-23, 25, 28, 34. C. F Adams, The Negotiations of iS6i relating to the Declaration of Paris. Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings. XLVI, 23-84. C. F. Adams. The Trent Affair, Am. Hist. Rcviezv. XVII, 540-562. H. Adams, Education of Henry Adams, ch. 8-13. Alabama Claims and Geneva Award. Dunning, Reconstruction. Political and Ecouo)nic. ch. 10. Foster, A Century of A.m. Diplomacy, ch. 11; Adams. C. F. Adams, cli. 17-19. Rhodes. United States, VI, ch. 38. France, Mexico and the United States. Rhodes, United States, VI, ch. 35. Dunning, Reconstruction, ch. 10. Latane, United States and Spajiish America, ch. 6. H. H. Bancroft, Mexico, VI, ch. 1-13. Bancroft, Sezvard, II ch. 40. 44 XL. RECONSTRUCTION— 1863-1868. Reconstruction under Lincoln : military governments in subdued areas : Amnesty Proclamation, December, 1863 — the Ten Percent Govern- ments; Wade-Davis Bill (1864) — opposition of Administration and Radical plans ; formation of Provisional Governments under Presi- dential Plan. Johnson and Reconstruction: Proclamation of Amnesty: proclamations for organizing provisional governments in remaining States ; provi- sional governments established (1865-6) ; Rebellion proclaimed ended. April, 1866. Congress and Reconstruction : refusal to seat members from South ( 1865-6) : opposition to Presidential Reconstruction : theories of status of seceded States and of Reconstruction ; Reconstruction Committee and its work — Freedmen's Bureau Act. 1866. Civil Rights Bill, 1866 ; Amendment XIV submitted to States, 1866; Reconstruction as issue of campaign of 1866 — Johnson vs. Congress; country's approval of Radical plan. Congressional Domination: executive curbed (Tenure of Office Act, 1867) ; First Reconstruction Act (1867) Radical negro legislation: con- flict with President ; Stanton episode ; impeachment proceedings (1868) ; triumph of Radicals in elections of 1868. REQUIRFD READING: Fish, Development of American Nationality, ch. 24. ( Bassett. Short Ifislory. ch. 28.) MacDonald, Doeumentary Souree Book. Nos. 131, 137, LW. 143. 145. 149, 150. 155. 157, 158, 161. COLLATKRAL READING. Source Material: Senate Exec. Docs., 39 Cong. 1 sess., I, No. 2, II, No. 43 (reports of Grant, Schurz, Truman). House Reports. 39 Cong. 1 sess., II, No. 30. Texas v. White. 7 Wallace. 700. Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wallace. 36, 111 U. S., 746. W. L. Fleming, Documentary History of Reconstruction. I. Nation. Harper's Weekly. Independent reflect something of popular feeling on Reconstruction. Secojsidary Material: W. A. Dunning, Reconstruction, I'olilical and Economic (American Nation, vol. 22). ch. 1-7. Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction. 63-225, 253-303. Rhodes, United States. IV, 484-487, V, 47-57, 132-138, 516-626, VI, 1-192; W. L. Flem- ing, The sequel of Appomattox. Schouler, United States. VII. J. W. Burgess. Reconstruction and the Constitution, ch. 1-9. W. W. Wil- loughby, Constitutional Law. sec. 80, 85-90, 227, 238-242, 456-459, 480- 487. Lives of J. G. Blaine, Samuel Bowles, S. P. Chase, Schuyler Col- fax, G. W. Curtis, C. A. Dana, Horace Greeley, Carl Schurz, Andrew Johnson, John Sherman, Thaddeus .Stevens, Charles Sumner, E. N. Stanton. 45 XLI. SOUTH UNDER RECONSTRUCTION. Organization of State Governments under Congressional plan : rcadmis- ' sion of representatives to Congress ( 1868) ; withdrawal of military governments. Political and social demoralization of South: government of carpetbag- gers, scalawags and negroes ; riot of extravagance ; race conflicts ; Ku- Klux-Klan, Knights of White Camelia (1867) ; ratification and en- forcement of Amend. XIV, Amend. XV (1869-70) ; Ku-Klux-Act and investigation ; second Civil Rights Act. Pxonomic depression : exhausting effect of war upon South, destruction of material; brief period of revived industrial life. 1865-7; blighting effect of carpet-bag governments on economic life; extravagance and reckless schemes — railroad financing ; increase of taxation ; failure to attract outside capital and immigrants ; slow recovery of ante-bellum agricultural status. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Dczrlopiiiciil of Amcricau Nationality. ch. 24. (Bassett, Short History, ch. 29.) MacDonakl, Dociimcntarx Sourer Book. No. 159, 160. Fleming, Docitiiwiilary lli.Ktory of Recon- struction. II. ch. 9. 10. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: .S^cnatc Reports, II, No. 41 (13 pts.) 42 Cong. 2 sess.. for Ku Klux Report. Senate fieports. No. 1, 42 Cong. 1 sess. F. R Leigh, Ten )'ears on a Georgia Plantation. R. H. Giller, Democracy in the United States, 297-376. J. S. Pike, The Prostrate State: Nord- hoff, The cotton states i)i 1875. W. A. Alien, Co^'crnor Cha}nberlai)i's Adin'.nisli iiliou. .\. \\. Tourgeo, P(u>rs lirrand. Ih-ichs -u-ithou, Skcondakv Matf.riai. : Rluides, United Stales. \'l, 200-204, 244-246, 284- 334, 395-391, VII, 74-174. Dunning, Reconstruction. Political and Eco- nomic. ch. 11, 13, 15-17, 19; Es.'ioys. 225-252; \V. L. Flemming, The sequel of Appomattox. \V. E. Dodd, Jefferson Davis. Reconstruc- tion monographs such as, W. L. Fleming, Alabama. C. M. Thompson, Georgia {Columbia University studies). C C. Pearson, Virginia. J. W. G'drnQr, Mississippi. ]. S. Reynolds, South Carolina. J. d. de R. Hamil- ton, North Carolina, W. W. Davis, Plorida. Laura Rose, Ku Klux Klan or the Inr'isible P>npire. P. Clayton, .Iflermath of the Cii'il ll'ar in Arkanstis. L. J. Webster, Operations of the l-'reednicn's Ihtreau in Soritli Carolina. 46 XLII. END OF RECONSTRUCTION. Beginnings of restoration of White control in Sonth : restoration of poli- tical rights in specified cases ; overturn of Radical Governments in Tennessee, 1869; Virginia, North Carolina, 1870; West Virginia, Geor- gia, 1871 ; Amnesty Act of 1872 — removal of political disahilitics ; full effects prevented by powers of Returned Boards supported by Fed- eral troops. Reconstruction and Election of 1872: Liberal Republicans against further rigors; defeat of Liberal Republicans and Democrats, but effects of influence felt; Grant's refusal of troops in Texas, 1873; Texas re stored, 1874; Alabama, Arkansas, 1874; moderating attitude of Xorth, growing wisdom of the South; beneficial results of Congressional elec- tions of 1874; Mississippi restored, 1875. Reconstruction and Presidential election of 1876; Democratic insistence on complete Southern autonomy; qualified approval of Hayes (Rep. candidate) ; election of Hayes; withdrawal of Federal troops; restor- ation completed in Florida, South Carolina, Louisiana. RRQUIRED READING: Fish, Dcvclot^mcul of Auicricau Xatioiiality, ch. 25. (Bassett, Short History, ch. 30.) MacDonald. Ihicumculary Source Book, No. 162, 164-168, 170-173, 176. COLLATERAL RhlADING: SouRCK M.VTERiAi. : 1*". AlcPhersou, Handbook of Aiiwricaii Politics. (1868-1876.) American Annual Cyclopedia (1868-1876). Tribune Al- manac. Nation. Harper'.^ H'eekly, .YfU'tli American Revieic. ^'i;coNn.\RV AIatkri.xl: Biographies of Greeley. Shurz, C. F. Adams. .S. J. Tilden. Samuel Bowles, Roscoe Conkling, R. B. Hayes, C. .\. Dana, John Sherman, et al. Foulke, Oliver P. Morton ; Geo. Bout- well, Reminiscence.'; : G. F. Hoar, .Autobiography. Most of the refer- ences in section XLI cover certain phases of this topic. 47 ^Dvy XLIII. THE NEW SOUTH. Restoration of while rule, 1869-1877. Revival of agriculture; cotton, suger, rice, corn, fruit and vegetable cul- ture; application of more advanced methods of farming; utilization of bj-products. c. g. cotton seed. Revivial and extension of manufacturing after 1880, cotton manufacture; hill-people as laborers; woman and child labor; advantages and dis- advantages of industrialism ; slow abandonment of laisscs-fairc. Lumbering ; exploitation of the pine forest of the South ; competition with lumber of North and West. Minerals and metals; mining of coal and iron; iron and steel manufac- tures ; Alabama as center of steel and iron industry. Social readjustment; the Negro question; migrations of the seventies; clash of race ; fitting the Negro to freedom and economic independ- ence. Education problems : poverty of South and problem of illiteracy. REQUIRED RE.^DING; F. L. Paxson. New Nation, ch. 12. COLLATERAL READING: There is considerable and growing literature on various aspects of the New Soutl;. In the American Nation, scattered references are found in Sparks, National Development, Dewey, National Problems. Bogart. Economic History, makes passing reference to the southern situation, while Wright. Industrial Evolution, devotes a chapter (12) to the topic. Holland Thompson, From Cotton Field to Cotton Mill, The Ne-7t' South. P. A. Bruce. Rise of the New .South. G. T. Winston, Daniel Augustus Thompkins. Two chapters in Bryce, Ame'rican Coin- .momveatlh, (II. ch. 92, 93) are good. A number of separate works contain intelligent discussions ; E. G. Murphy, Problems of the Pre- sent .South (1904), J. C. Hardy, South's Supremacy in Cotton Grow- ing, M. B. Hammond, Cotton Industry (chs. 4-6), Ethel Armes, Story of Coal and Iron in Alabama, deal with economic and somewhat with social phases. Vol. 35, No. 1, of the Annals of the American Academy (1910) contains a number of articles by various persons. Of the Government publications, in addition to the decennial census Reports. certain Bulletins of the Bureau of Labor, .Senate Report No. 986, 53 Cong., 3 sess., and No. 645, 61 Cong., 2 sess., are valuable. Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia reports the progress by States each year. Massa- chusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. Cotton Manufacturing in }fassachusells and the Southern States, in A)inual Report for 1905, pp. 39-106. On the race question there is a voluminous literature; works by Booker T.. Washington, Killy .Miller, W. 1'.. B. DuBois. are among those wliicli 48 discuss the question from the Negro's point of view, while G. W. Cable, T. N. Page, G. S. Merriam. W. P. Pickett, are among the Whites who have written on the topic. Senate Report, No. 693, 46 cong., 2nd sess. ; W. L. Flemming, "Pap' Singleton, the Moses of the Colored Exodus." Am. Jour. Sociology. XV: 61-82. Poole's Index and the Reader's Guide contain numerous references to periodical articles on the topic. XLIV. NORTH AFTER THE CIVIL WAR. Economic conditions : war prosperity continued to 1867 ; business de- pression 1867-8; boom period, 1869-73; great railroad extension; con- pletion of first transcontinental road ; basis of railroad "Systems" ; overdevelopment — too much capital in permanent improvements. Panic of 1873 : years of economic depression ; Centennial Exposition, 1876; beginnings of revival of business conditions: growth of foreign trade. Development of Mining Frontier : backwash of migration to mountain region during war and thereafter ; beginnings of silver agitation. Development of Agricultural Frontier ; filling up of Middle West ; oper- ation of Homestead Law: increasing influence of Middle West in Na- tional life; agrarian movements; Anti-Monopoly and Granger move- ments. REQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of American Nationality. ch. 24, 25, passim. (Basset, Short History, ch. 31, passim, ch. 32.) COLLATERAL READING: Source Materi.vl : Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia (1872-78). J. R. Com- mons, Documentary History of American Industrial Society. IX, X. Henry Villar'l, Memoirs, II, ch. 38-42. Annual Reports of Commis- sioner of Railroads. G. M. Dodge, Hozv We Built the Union Pacific Railroad. H. V. Poor, Manual of Railroads (1868-1875). H. Greeley, Overland Journey. Samuel Bowles, Across the Continent. G. T. Ing- ham, Digging Gold .Aniong the Rockies. Alex. Majors. S rventy Ycar.^ on the Fronteir. G( p.eral Land Office, Reports. Patrons of Husbandry, Proceedings. Seconu.^ry M.'\tebial: Dunnnig, Reco)istructio)i. Political and Economic ch. 9. Boggart, Economic History, ch. 20-22. I. Lippincoit, Economic f)evelopntcnt of the United States, ch. 12, 14. C. R. Lingley, Since the Civil IVar. cii. 3. Rhodes, United States. VII, 37-73. Dewey, Financial History, sees. 158-161, 170-175. F. L. Paxson, Pacific Rail- 49 rnoiis and Pisuff'i'annic.- of Ihr Frontier. K. R. Johnson, .-hin'riciii J'iailwuy Transportation, ch. 25. C. F. Adams, Railroacls. l\. K. White, Union Poctfic Railx^ay. Cleveland and Powell, Raih-oad /\co'- gani::aiion. F. L. Paxson, Last American Frontier, ch. 9-10. T. C. Smitl'. Fxfansion after the Cii'il li'ar, Pol. Science Quar.. XVI : 412. Jos. Schafcr, Pacific Xortlnvest. 260-270. C. H. Shinn, .Slory of lite Mine. State histories. S. J. Bnck, Granger Movement, Agrarian Crn- sade. ch. 1-5. J. W. Darrow, Patrons of Husbandry. E. Hough, Pass- ing of the Frontier. K. Coman, Economic Beginnings of the Fa-- West. II. For extended list of references see Channing, Hart and Turner, Guide, sec. 245-248, 250, 252. 253. XLV. NORTH AFTER THE CIVIL WAR. Politics; 1868-1877, the administration of President Grant: Grant as President ; entrenchment of Republicans on War and Reconstruction issues ; growing demand for administrative and economic changes : Liberal Republican movement 1870-72; victory of regular Republicans in campaign of 1872. Period of national disgrace ; political scandals in nation. State and city : low political tone of period ; increasing demand for reform. Democratic victories of 1874. Agrarian movement in Politics ; Grangers ; rise of Greenback Party, 1875-6. Campaign of 1876 : Issues — currency, Reconstruction, reform ; Grant and Third Term ; Republicans and Hayes vs. Democrats and Tilden ; disputed count in Southern States ; contested vote of Oregon ; contest before Congress; Electoral Commission; election of Hayes. REQUIRED READING: Dunning. Recon.Hruction, I'olilical and Feo- nomic, ch. 8, 12, 15, 18-21. MacDonald, Documentary .S^uirce Hook. No. 177. COLLATERAL READING: Source Material: 42 Cong. 3 sess.. House Reports. II. Nos. 77, 78. 44 Cong. 1 sess., House Reports. Nos. 176. 186. II. No. 345. V, No. 784. VI. Nos. 789, 791, 793, VII, No. 794; Hou.^e Misc. Docs.. IV, No. 84. V, No. 167, IX. No. 186, X, No. 193. Congres.s-ional Record. IV. 2724. 2725. .3602-3617. American Annual Cyclopedia (1869-1876). S. J. Tilden, Writings. I. 499-517, 11, .30-45. 354-492. G. W. Julian. 50 Political NciiiinisCi'iiccs. ch. 15. J. G. Blaine, Ticriity ]'i\!)s of Con- gress, II, ch. 22, 24-26, 28. A. D. White. Antobiocjrapliw \. 159-181. Nation. Harper's Weekly. Seconnd.\ry Material: Lingley, Since the Civil War. ch. 2, 4, 5. Rhodes. United States, VII, 1-29. 64-73, 175-291. E. B. Andrews. United States in Our Ozi'n Time. 11-16. 23-32, 57-78. 104-109, 200-242. Stanwood. History of the Presidency, cli. 24, 25. F. L. Paxson, XcTi.' Nation, ch. 2. 4. Williams. Life of Rutherford B. Hayes, I. ch. 23-26. G. Myers. History of Tammany Hall, ch. 25-27. J. B. Crawford, Credit Moblier. C. F. Adams. Chapter of Erie. B. White, Book of Daniel Dreiv. P. L. Haworth, Hayes-Tilden Disputed lilection. F. F. Haynes, Third Party Moz^onents. ch. 8-14. XLVI. GOVERNMENTAL REORGANIZATION. Closing the issues of the Civil War: Hayes' policy with South Carolina and Louisiana — removal of the Federal troops: dissention anionic the Republicans ; struggle over the Force Bills, 1878-1879. Civil Service Reform: an issue in 1870-73: renewed agitation and issues in 1876; reform associations: Hayes and reform; Haj'os-Conkling controversy; patronage in election of 1880; Garfield; .Arthur and Civil Service Reform Act, 1883. the Commission ; gradual extension of clas- sified service. F]xtensi(jn of Governmental activities : new departments and bureaus to handle new business; conservation and development of National re- sources: extension of governmental functions (parcels post. jKistal savings bank;:). Democratization of Local Ciovernments : Direct legislation in .States ; re- arranging of governmental machinery ; re-organization of municip.il governments. i>Jl-:OIIlRT'D RI'.ADIXG: Bassett, Short History, 703-705, 707-712. Mac- Donald, J)iicumenli!ry Wmree Book, Xo. 179. F. hi Sp;irks, Xatio)ial Dez'clopment (.Imerican Nation, vol. 23), ch. 10. 12. COLL.\Ti:RAL RKADING : SnuRcK Matkriai.: .\ppleto)i's .liinnal Cyclopedia (1880-1884). articles on "Civil Service.' V.. McPherson, Handbook of .American Politics (1880-1884), Civil Service Commission, Reports. National Conserva- tion Commission Report. (Sen. Docs., 60 Cong. 2 sess.. X-XII, No. 676.) National Conservation Association. Publications. G. Pinchot, Fight for Conservation. T. Roosevelt, Autobiography (1913). C. A. Beard, Initiative, Referendum, and Recall Documents. 51 Secondary Mateuial : Fish, Civil Service and Patronage, ch. 10. Lalor, Cyclopedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Politi- cal History of the United States, articles under "Civil Service Rr- forni," "Patronage."' Stanwood, History of the Presidency, ch. 26. F. A. Ogg, National Progress, ch. 8; H. J. Ford, "Political Evolu- tion and Civil Service Reform," Annals of American .-icademy, 15: 145-149. Rhodes, United Slates. VIII, 1-13. ch. 3. 5, 7. A. R. Conkling, Roscoe Conkling'. ch. 31-35. For extension of governmental activities, C. A. Beard, American Government and Politics. C. R. Van Hise, Conservation of Natural Resources. W. B. Munro, Government of .Anierican Cities: Initiative. Referendum and Recall. J. Q. Dealey, Our .Stale Consliliitiiuis. XLVII. TARIFF AND MONETARY ISSUES. Tariff agitation, legislation and politics: war tariff' maintained to 1872; growth of surplus ; demand for reduction of rates ; Tariff Commis- sion of 1882; act of 1883; tariff and party politics, 1884; election of Cleveland; principal issue in election of 1888; McKinley Act, 1890, and protectionism ; tariff in election of 1892 ; second election of Cleve- land ; Wilson Act, 1894, and reductions ; Dingley Tariff, 1897, and height of protectionism; renewal of tariff agitation ahout 1905; cam- paign of 1912 and Democratic tariff of 1913. Monetary Issues; resumption of specie payments, 1879; silver issues; "Crime of 73," Bland-Allison .Vet. 1878; predominance of silver issue, 1890-6— Populism ; Panic of 1893; defeat of Free Silver in 1896; gold hasis, 1900. Need of elastic currency; recurrent agitation; emphasized after panic of 1907; Aldrich-Vreeland Act, 1908; Federal Reserve Act, 1913. REQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of American Nationatily. ch. 26. MacDonald, Documentary Source Hook. Nos. 174, 178, 182, 183. (Bassett. Short History. 719-728, ch. Mh) COLLATERAL READING : Source Material: Periodicals like the .Irena. .\'alion. North .Imeriean Review. Harper's Weekly. Congressional Record is replete with tar- iff and monetary discussions from 1872. G. Cleveland, Presidential Problems, ch. 1. Writings. Autobiographies, etc., of Benj. Harrison. John Sherman. A. D. White, G. F. Hoar. T. C. Piatt. W. M. Stewart, W: J. Bryan. W. H. Harvey, Coin's Financial School. W. A. Peffer, TJie Parmer's .Side. H. R. Chanil)crlain, Parmer's .Uliance. 52 Secondary Material: Paxon, New Nation, ch. 13, 14. C. A. Beard, Contemporary American History, ch. 7, 12. Dewey, Financial His- tory, ch. 15, 17, 19. Rhodes. United States, VIII, ch. 7. 9-13, Passim. Dewe\', National Problems (American Nation, vol. 24), ch. 14, 16, 20: F. A. Ogg, National Progress (American A^ation, vol. 27), ch. 2, 13. H. T. Ford, The Cleveland era. F. E. Ha\'nes, Third party mnvonents. Taussig, Tariff History (6th ed.), Some Aspects of the Silver Ques- tion, Silz'cr Situation in the United States. Stanwood, History of th'^ Presidency, ch. 27, 28. 29. S. J. Buck. Agrarian Crusade, ch. 6-14. H. R. Willis, Federal Reserve. E. W. Kemmerer, The A. B. C. of the Fed- eral Reserve System. Articles on Federal Reserve system in American Economic rezie-w and Quarterly Journal of Economics for 1914. XLVIII. BIG BUSINESS AND THE GOVERNMENT. Railroad extension and consolidation : periods of railroad expansion, 1869- 1873; 1886-1893; relation to panics, 1873. 1884, 1893; period of intens.^ competition — rate wars ; attempts at co-operation, rate agreements, pools, traffic associations; growth of "systems"; railroads and legisla- tion : "Grangor laws." and their partial failure ; railroads, big business and the unrest of '80's and '90's ; Hepburn (1906). Mann-Elkins (1910) acts; later strengthening of Interstate Commerce Commission. Development of large scale industrial organization : concentration of capi- tal especially after Civil War ; varying forms of organization ; the "trusts"; Sherman anti-trust act, 1890, and its early impotence; re- newed consolidation after Spanish War ; the corporations ; prosecu- tions under Sherman Act. "rule of reason," 1911; Clayton Act and Federal Trade Commission (1914). REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of American Nationality. ch. 18, passim. (Bassett, Short History, ch. 35.) MacDonald, Docu- mentary .Source Book, 180, 181. COLLATERAL REu^DING: J. W. Jenks, Trusts and Industrial Com- binations. Bulletins of the Bureau of Labor. Reports of Interstate Commerce Commission, Industrial Commission, and Federal Trade Commission. Periodicals. Congressional Documents. Volumes of the .Imerican \'alion: Sparks. Afatioual Dez'elop)nent. ch. 4. 5. Dewey, National Problems, ch. 6. Latane. United States as a World Power, ch. 18. Ogg, National Progress, ch. 3, 4, 13. Paxson, New Nation, ch. 6, 10, 18. Beard, Conton.porary American History, ch. 2 5, 9-12. C. R. Van Hise, Concentration and Control. W. Z. Ripley, Trusts, 53 Pools and Corporations : Raihavy Problems. K. R. Johnson, America)'. Railivay Transportation. E. J. Moody, Truth about the Trusts. Hol- land Thompson, The age of invention. B. J. Hendrick, The age of big business. John Moody, The railroad builders. The masters of cap- ital. I. M. Tarbell, A'cu' Ideals in business. J. W. Jenks and W. R. Clark. 'Trust problem. XLVIX. LABOR AND IMMIGRATION. Rise of increased labor agitation after Civil War : organized labor ; de- pressing effects of panic of 1873 Knights of Labor, 1879-1886; rise of American Federation of Labor, 1886; radical organizations. I. W. W.. 1905; labor disturbances, strikes lockouts, etc., (1885-1886. 1894- 1895. increasing number 1902-1916) ; organized labor and the courts , boycott, injunction; arbitration; remedial legislation, state and na- tional. Innnigration : changing character of immigrant ; predominance of North- ern Kuropean to 1895 ; slow increase of Southern European immigrant to 1885. rapid increase after 1885 ; immigration checked by panics ; problem of distribution and assimilation ; Chinese immigration and the Pacific Coast; Exclusion Acts; agitation over immigration prob- lems and acts of 1903. 1907; Immigration Commission and its Report: Ja])anese immigration and international complications ; immigration act (f 1917; immigration and the Great War. REQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of American Nationality. ch. 28. (Bassett. Short History. 741-744. 774-777.) MacDonald. Docii- menlary Source Book. Nos. 190. 195. 196. COLLATERAL READING: SnuKCE Matkriai. : J. R. Commons. Pociimenlary llistory of .Imerican Industrial Society. X. Repcu-ls of Commissioner (after 1913. Secre- tary) of Lalior. Report of Immigration Commission, especially tho Ahslnicls. in two volumes, f'edcritlioiiisl. Bureau of Statistics. .Innuni Reports. Si'X'ONDAUV Matkriai. ; Si)arks. .\atio)itil 1 >evel()pmnil . ch. 2. 5. 14. 22. Dewey, Xational I'roblems, ch. 3, 18. Latane. I'nited States as World Po7,'er. cli. 17. 18. Ogg. National Progress, ch. 5. 7. Paxson. Ne-zc Na- tion, ch. 13. 17. 18. passim. Rhodes. L'uiled Stales. \TI1. ch. 1. 2. .\dams and Sumner, Organized Labor. R. T. V.\\. Labor .\/(n'ement (covering to 1886). M. A. Aldrich. American Tedcralion of Labor. J. 54 R. Commons. History of Labor in the United States. Barnett and Mc Cabe, Mediation, Investigation, and Arbitration in the United States. McLaughlin and Hart, Cylopcdia of American Government, articles under "Labor," "Strikes," "Wages," etc. C. D. Wright, The industrial evolution of the United States, Cleveland, Presidential problems. J. Mitchell, Organised labor. S. P. Ortli, The Armies of Labor. J. G. Brooks, American syndicalism : the L IV. W . In addition to numer- ous works dealing with immigration in its general phases, there are studies of different nationalities, such as: F. J. Warne, Slav Invasion of the United States; A. B. Faust, German Element in America; Elioi Lord, Italians in America; K. C. Babcock, Scandinavian Element in the United States. S. P. Orth, Our foreigners. Mayo-Smith, Emi- gration and immigration. L. UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER, I. North American Issues; fisheries; seal fisheries and Behring Sea contro- versy ; Alaskan Boundary. Monroe Doctrine and Latin America : Latin American policy of Blaine ; Venezuela Boundary controversy, issue with Great Britain ; Venezuelan imbroglio of 1902. The Spanish War and its consequences : Cuban revolutions ; protests of the United States; De Lome Letter; Maine; the opening of the war; operations in Cuba, Porto Rico and Pliilippincs ; treaty of Paris; Spanish cessions. Problems created by the Spanish War : Cuba — withdrawal of forces and Piatt Amendment; revolution and intervention, 1906h9; Porto Rico, developing of self governing territory ; Philippines — complex problem of the islands ; questions of status ; development of autonomy, 1902- 1916, act of 1916; material and cultural development. Oriental relations : China and the Open Door ; Japanese issues — China, Philippines and Pacific Coast questions. Isthmian -interests : significance of Isthmian Canal after Spanish War: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 1901; negotiations for Canal Zone; Panama revolution; digging canal; question of tolls. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of American Nationality, ch. 27. (Bassctt, Short Llistory, civ. ,^7. 38.) MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, Nos. 184, 185, 187. 55 COLLATERAL KKADLNG: Soi'KCE Materiai- : J. B. Moore, Digest of Intcnuitioiuil Law, sec. lOS, 110, 166-168, 172, 173. 297, 361-365, 638, 966. Intcrnatioual Arbitra- tions, I, 755-961, V, 4759-4767, 5017, 5018. Aumial Register, under "United States." .Ipflcion's Annual Cyclopedia, to 1902. Secretary of War, .hiniial Ixeports. United States Department of State, Spanish Diplomatic Correspondence and Documents. 56 Cong. 1 sess.. Senate Documents, XXXIV, No. 388, Notes on the Spanish American War. Philippines Commission, Annual Reports. Bureau of Insular Affairs, Reports. Reports of Governors of Hawaii, Porto Rico, Philippines. W. R. Thayer. Life of John Hay. II. ch. 28, 29. United States De- partment of State. Diplomatic Llistory of the Panama Canal, 63 Cong. 2 sess.. Senate Documents, No. 474. Various titles by such men as T. Roosevelt, W. H. Taft, Whitelaw Rcid, G. F. Hoar, Fred. Funston. etc. Periodicals and newspapers. Secondary M.\terial : Fish, American Diplomacy, ch. 16-29, 32. Latane. United States as a World Power, ch. 1-6, 8-10, 12. Ogg. National Progress, ch. 14. Paxson. Nezu Nation, ch. 16. 17. Rhodes. United States, Vni, cli. 20. J. B. Henderson, American Diplomatic Ques- tions. Latane L'nited States a)id Spanish America. G. Cleveland. Presidential J-'roblems, ch. 4. J. W. Foster, American Diplomacy in the Orient. F. K. Chadwick, Relations of the L'nited States and Spain, I, ch. 20-29, II. .\. G. Robinson, Cuba and Intervention. D. Worces- ttT. Philippines. I'asi and Present, especially H. H.L. Abbot, Japanese Expansion and .hnerican Policies. S. K. Hornbeck. Contemporary Politics in the Par East. M. W. Williams, Anglo-American L^thmian Diplomacy. Opi)enheini, Panama Canal Conflict. A.C. Coolidge. United States as a Jt'orld Pozeer. K. Kawakami. United States and Japan. 56 LI. UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER, II. Tlie Gulf and the Caribean ; Central America — increased interest in Central American affairs as result of Canal ; intervention ; Washing ton Peace Conference, 1907; Root Policy; "Dollar Diplomacy" of Knox; Nicaragua Canal treaty, 1914-1916; protests of other Central American states. Dominican and Haitian Republics — extreme demor • alization ; intervention, San Domingo, 1905, under interpretation of Monroe Doctrine; protectorate treaties, 1916, 1917. Virgin Islands — early purchase negotiations, 1867, 1901 ; treaty of purchase, 1917. Me.xico and the United States: internal conditions as bearing on interna- tional relations; Diaz regime, 1877-1911; revolutionary period, 1910; interest of United States — insecurity of life and property in Mexico, border disurbances, possibility of European intervention ; interven- tion by United States — Tampico, 1914, Pershing expedition, 1916-7; subsequent relations with Carranza government. REQUIRED READING: Fish, Development of Ameriean Nationality, ch. 27, 30, passim, Ameriean Diplomacy, ch. 31, 35. COLLATERAL READING: Source M.vtkrial : The most convenient compilation of facts is to be found in the Ameriean ]'ear Book, beginning in 1910, under "Interna- tional relations," and in the International Year Book, under "Domini- can Republic," "Haiti," "Nicaragua," "Mexico," etc. E. O'Shaugnessy, A Diplomat's Wife in Mexico; Diplomatic Days. See Reader's Guide for voluminous contemporary writings. Second.-xrv Material: Pa.xson, Neiv Nation, ch. 20. Lingley, Since the Civil War, ch. 23. Latane. United States as World Pozver, ch. 12, 20. Ogg, National Progress, ch. 13-16, 18, 19. D. Hannay, Porfirio Diaz, esp. ch. 6-10. Annals of the American Academy of Political and So- cial Science, 1914, pp. 134-235, XXVI, 47, 93, LIV, 28. A. H. Verill, Porto Rico, Past and Present and San Domingo of Today. Wester- gaard, Danish JVest Indies, supplementary chapter. S. Bonsai. Th<- Ameriean Mediterranean. H. H. Powers. America among the nations 57 LII. THE NEW AGE. Inquiry into current and economic, political and social issues: "Big Busi- ness" on the defensive; the "Muck Rakers"; insurance investigation in New York ; trust suits ; postal and land investigations ; conserva- tion movement. The new spirit in national politics: socialism as a political factor; growth of the socialise vote; progressive tendencies in the old parties, Bryan, LaFollette, Roosevelt, ct al.; election of 1904 and triumph of new spirjt ; beginnings of insurgency among Republicans in Congress, 1907; attacks on Aldrich-Cannon domination; temporary success of reaction in election of 1908; Payne-.^ldrich tariff; Insurgency, 1910; progressive movement and Republican disscntion ; liberal elements prominent in 1912 election, Wilson Democrats, Progressive Party. Tangible results of the new spirit : progressive legislation : food laws ; control of campaign contributions; Amendments XVI and XVII; amended interstate commerce and anti-trust laws ; financial legisla- tion ; suffrage extension. The new spirit in State and city : direct legislation progress, initiative and referendum ; direct primaries ; "Oregon system" ; cities and the short ballot, commission government. REQUIRED READING: Fish. Development of Aniericau Nationality. ch. 30. (Bassett. Short History, ch. 40. 41.) COLLATERAL READING: Paxson, New Nation, chs. 15, 17-19. Beard, Contemporary American History, chs. 10-13. Linglcy, Si)ice the Civil War. ch. 20-22. 24. T. Roosevelt. Autobiography. J. B. Bis- hop. Theodore Roosevelt and his time, 2 vols. W. D. Lewis, The life of Theodore Roosevelt, W. E. Dodd, Woodrow Wilson and his "ivork. Chronological accounts are to be found in such periodicals as the World's Work, Literary Digest, Review of Revie^vs, Political Seiotce Quarterly. The American Year Book beginning 1910 summarizes the year's progress ; AppletO)i's Annual Cyclopedia closes with 1902. Cur- rent comment of value is found in the Natio)i. Independent, Outlook. World's Work. Such periodicals as Collier's. La Toilette's, The Com- moner. American. Everybody's, contain much of tlse so-called "muck raking" material. Works of a more sensational nature are such as Steffens, 'The Slia)ne of the Cities, or Sinclair, The Jungle (in fiction form). Ross, Changing .Imerica. H. Croly. The Promise of .Imeriean Life, W. E. Weyl, New Democracy, are examples of more sober ac- counts of the new spirit. In addition to the current periodicals men- tioned, contributed articles of a political nature are found in the .//- lantic. North American Review, World's Work, Political Science Quarterly an! others. Biographies such as Riis, Roosci'elt, Crol.--. Marcus llatnid. \\ . 15. Hale, Ji'oodro:c Wils-on. are userui. W P> 58 Munro, liiitiairvc. Rcfcrcuditiii and Recall; Govcnniiciit of American Cities, j. (J. Dealy, Oti>- Slate Constitutions; C. R. Woo'irnff, City Goz'ernnienl by Cojiiinissio)!. The Political Science Qnarterly contain.^ a number of articles dealing with experiments in State and local poli- tics, such as those by G. H. Haynes. LIII. UNITED STATES AND THE GREAT WAR. Attitude of people of United States at outbreak of Great War: conflictinu opinions and sympathies: "hyphenated Americans" : gradual alienation of American sentiment from Central Powers. Neutrality of the United States: Declaration of Neutrality, August 4. 1914; neutrality of government attitude vs. neutrality of sentiment: controversies with Great Britain — ^blockade, contraband, mails : con- troversies with' Germany — munitions question, German intrigues and conspiracies in United States, intrigues against the United States in Mexico and other Latin-American countries, submarine controversy, Lusitania. Susse.v. etc.: the War and the Presidential Campaign of 1916. United States and peace overtures. War witii Germany and her allies : American grievances : Zimmermann note : unrestricted submarine warfare ; rupture of diplomatic relations with Germany: the Declaration of War, April 6, 1917. United States in the war : raising and equipping the army, the selective draft ; military and naval activities of the American forces in Europe : war activities at home: disloyalty and pro-Ciermanism at a minimum; the elections of 1918. Tile Peace: Peace conference and President Wilson; terms of peace: United States sentiment on the peace; the League of Nations. RKQUIRED READING: Fish. DevelopuienI of American Xalinnalily. ch. 31. (Bassett, Slua-t Hislory of the United States, ch. 42.) COLLATERAL READING: Lingley, Since the Ci-ril War. ch. 25. Thr most useful single publication is Current History published by the New York Tin:es. S. B. Harding, The .Study of the (ireat ll'ar, issued by the Committee on Public Information. Other publications of the Committee on Public Information. Practically limitless periodical literature on all phases of the war and war activities as well as num- erous books are available. American )'ear Booh. 1914-1919, under "International Relations." J. M. Beck, The Jl'ar and Huinanily. A. 59 Dullard. Mi)bili::iii(/ America. A. Chcradamc, I'hr ['uitnl Stales mid I'an-Gcnnauia. S. D. Fess. The Problems of Xeittral'Jy i^'heii the World is at War. 64 Cong. Doc., serial number 2111. J. \\". Gerard, il/v Four )'ears in Berlin, cli. 18, 19. Committee on Public Informa- tion. Hozv the liar Came tei .Imerica. W. F. Osborne, America at War. Z. Chaffee, freedom of speech. Robinson and West, The for- eign Policy of President Wilson. E. K. Sperry. German Plots and Intrigues, issued by Committee on Public Information. Review of Reviews Co., President Wilson's State J\ipers and .Iddresses. \\. K. Dodd, ]]'oodroiv Wilson and his work-. J. S. Bassett, (hif- War leitli Germany. C. H. Haskins and R. H. Lord, Some problems of the I'eaee Conference. ¥.. M. House, (ed.). What l\eally Happened at Paris. 60 w 89 \ %;^;/ V^v ''V^\/ "^ v^, <^f:^^J> v^^-\/ V*"^-*'/ V*^""< '^ 0^ %, "^ :- ^^0^ : ^^ ..^'.•. *^-6 .0^ o^:-* "^o .*•- O 1 vv • vP7 ?* .0^ ^'^n^^' •' -^^^^^ ^^0 9- HECKMAN IIJ BINDERY INC. |§I # DEC 88 N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962 J"""^ ^ Nf V\^