^^ A^ ^. H> h.". ^. ..^' ..A^f.o: .^.5!*.*- ■^^^^■4 *_^l^^^^ -n^^^^ '-S. /\ ./ -o v^' . c <$>^ cr , o « e ^ ^ ^9 .%^^^^ '^^ ^ - ^' "■^'iv^f ^^. '; aV^'V^ Vv-j%:o-'-; 0> ^'O' ^^^^ 4 O^ ' ^^' >, ^■ha^.' ■^, ^^^H. ^.^^■ '^•h- \.,^-. "oK p: c,^^^- "^--0^ V QUESTIOIS DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF PUPILS ENGAGED IN THE STUDY OF LYMAN'S CHART OF UIIVERSAL HISTOEY; WITH A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED ON THE GHAUT, A LIST or GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES OF ANCIENT AND MIDDLE HISTORY, WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING MODERN NAMES. i-V M- V 4 V..'i^> t**-v PHILADELPHIA: JAS. H. DOUGHTY & CO. Stereotyped hy Jos. C. T). Chrisfman J^ Co. 1845. Entered according fo Act of Congress, in the year 1845, by A. S. LYMAN, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. O 3 2-^ %" EXPLANATIONS OF THE CHART. All, with some rare exceptions, who attempt to obtain a clear and correct knowledge of history, meet with one insurmounta- ble obstruction. Although they may, by considerable labor, be able to remember a few abstract dates, yet, the vast and mighty range of history they cannot arrange or comprehend. It was to make this an easy task, as well as for a map of reference, that this chart was constructed. It represents the stream of time flowing seven inches every century : the different colored streams flow- ing parallel represent different cotemporary nations. When a nation begins, the stream begins; when one nation conquers another, the stream sweeps around, blots it out, and moves on wider than before. The events are written down in the stream just where they took place; those more prominent in larger type, those less prominent in smaller type. The dates in the border, at the top of each division, represent the time before and after the Christian era. The small dates before each event, are taken together with those at the top between that event and the Christian era: for example, " 700" at the top, and " 76" before the event reads 776, B. C, Epoch of the Olympiads: 753 Rome founded : 476 A. D., fall of the Westero Empire: 1453 Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Empire, falls, &c. DIVISIONS OF HISTORY. The chart is naturally arranged in divisions of 500 years each. These divisions are separated by some prominent cha- racter or event. Beginning 2000 B. C. Abraham ; 1500 Moses ; 1000 Solomon; near 500 Daniel and the beginning of the Ro- man Republic; A. D. Christ; A. D. 500 Fall of the Western Empire and beginning of Middle Ages ; 1000 Central period of the Middle Ages ; 1500 Reformation. For the sake of convenience in reference, the history of the ancient and some of the modern nations is divided into periods ; 7 8 EXPLANATIONS OF THE CHART. each period distinguished by a name indicative of its character. This name written in italics is placed near the beginning of the period; for example, see the history of Greece, 1st period. Fabulous, 2d Heroic, 3d Revolutionary, ^c. DEFINITIONS OF SIGNS USED ON THE CHART. ^^ Battle. - - - - Sea fight. Ph. ----- Philosopher. Po. Poet. hist. ----- Historian. math. ----- Mathematician. ast. ----- Astronomer. Or. Orator. div. ----- Divine. J. ----- Judge. W. War with. k. ----- King. d. Died. a. _ - - . _ Aged. Proper names, with no mark affixed to them, are names of sovereigns. Small figures, enclosed in parenthesis thus, (65000,) represent the census. In the history of Rome, the census included only Roman citizens. Small figures directly under the dates in the border, represent the year of the world ; for example, see on the chart under A. D.; "4000;" that is 4000 A. M. METHOD OF TEACHING HISTORY FROM THE CHART. 1. Let the class read over the names that occur in Ancient History, several times, in the presence of the teacher, pro- nouncing them correctly, according to the punctuation. These names are arranged alphabetically, beginning on page 89.* 2. Let the teacher explain the Chart to the class, in such a manner as to make every pupil perfectly acquainted with its use. This may be done in few words. (See explanations of the Chart.) 3. Let the teacher intelligibly demonstrate to the pupils the manner in which the Chart assists the memory, by bringing to its aid the associating pri7icipk of ike mind. It should also be distinctly understood, by way of illustration, that the pupil should endeavor, not so much to remember dates and events arhitrarily, as to remember the relative position and connexion of the figures, names and narrations on the Chart, and in this way to enable himself to bring up the Chart before his " mind's eye," * Let not the young pupil be discouraged by so formidable an array of hard names and difficult questions. He will find, that a youth of twelve years of age, with ordinary intellect, by one or two hours' study a day, will, in three or four months, be able to answer cor- rectly the twenty-three hundred questions here asked, and to give a brief account of at least one thousand of the persons mentioned on the chart, — that is, to tell the station which each one of them occu- pied, and the general condition of the world at the time in which each one of them lived. This is more than can be learned in as many years by any other course of historical study. 9 10 METHOD OF TEACHING, &C. and see the events of History in all their bearings, just as in the study of Geography, he remembers the boundaries and other incidents pertaining to different countries, as laid down on the maps. 4. It would be well thoroughly to review, at every fifth or sixth lesson, the ground previously gone over on the Chart, and, as far as possible, to accompany a preparation for the review, with reading historical works on the period under examination. 5. As soon as the class can readily answer the questions, let them give the history of each country, in order, from the deluge to the present day. To do this well, it will require several recitations. By following these directions, as well as others which will suggest themselves to the intelligent teacher and the attentive pupil, the student of History, when he takes up any period in its annals, or hears its facts or its characters referred to, will feel himself at home, — will enter immediately into the spirit of the age, — will see the bearing and appreciate the force of every remark, and, in a word, will become a correct universal historian. If the student should think it best to pursue the study of history still further in school, it may be taken up either in ethonographical, or in chronological order; that is, either by separate nations, or cotemporaneously, — and books of history may be read, and facts mentioned on the Chart, enlarged upon. The recitations should then be conducted without questions, and the students be required to give short lectures upon History ; each, in succession, taking up the story where the last left off, and, in a short time, whole classes will be able to speak upon the subject of History with an accuracy and a facility astonishing to those who are not acquainted with the manner in which the knowledge has been acquired. Able and experi- enced teachers, as well as pupils, have testified, that by pur- suing the foregoing method, more History can be learned in one month, than in one year by any other course without the aid of the Chart. ClUESTIONS THE CHART. First or Antediliwlan Division ; Extends from 4000 B. C. to 2348 B. C, or from the Creation to the Deluge. The only authentic history we have of times anterior to the dehige is found in the sacred writings. (See the first six chapters of Genesis.) As during this period of 1756 years we have no mention of different nations, and but very Httle history, it is thought best to give it but a shght representation on the chart. How directly could Adam's story have been handed down to Shem? To Abraham if the received system of chronology be correct 1 Second Division^ or Division of Dispersion and Relapse; Extends from 2348 B. C. to 2000 B. C, or from the flood to the birth of Abraham. 1. What is the date of the flood T 2. What remarkable occurrence 101 years after tlie flood ? 3. Where was this tower erected ? 4. For what w^as it first built, and for what was it afterwards used 1 5. What did Calisthenes find here? 6. Where was BABYLON founded — when and by whomi 7. Give- the particulars of the founding of Nineveh. 8. After the time of Nimrod and Ashur, what can you say of their monarchies ] 9. W^hat is said of the story of Semiramis 1 10. Wlien and by whom was the monarchy of EGYPT founded ] 11 12 EGYPT, CHINA, JEWS. [Between 2000 B. C. and 1500 B. C] 11. What kingdom founded soon after in South Egypt I 12. What dynasty next established in northern or lower Egypt"? 13. By whom and about how long after the foundation of the monarchy by Menes] 14. What is said of the CHINESE monarchy? Third Division^ or Division of the Patriarchs^ and of Egyptian bondage ; Extends from 2000 B. C. to 1500 B. C, or from the birth of Abraham to Moses. 1. What is the state of our knowledge of history from this period until the establishment of the epochs from which the ancients reckoned time? 2. What four nations are represented during this division % 3. W^hat great event took place 1921 B. C. ? 4. What took place the next year 1 5. What took place eight years after Abraham and Lot separated ? 6. W^hat son had Abraham two years after this, and what nation is descended from him ? 7. What took place when the lad was 19 years of age T 8. Date of Abraham's birth ] 9. Of Isaac's birth ? 10. How old was Abraham at Isaac's birth ? 11. What two remarkable events took place the year before Isaac's birth 1 12. Name of Abraham's first wife? 13. Whom did he marry six years after her death? 14. Name of Isaac's wife? 15. What is the first period of Jewish history called ? 16. What is said of Jacob, the son of Isaac? 17. What of Joseph, one of the twelve sons of Jacob? 18. When did Jacob and his famil}' enter Egypt? 19. What period of Jewish history began with this event? 20. What tv/o noted characters were born about 130 years after this event. 21. What is said of Moses, 1531 B. C? 22. How was EGYPT divided at the beginning of this period ? 23. What took place in Egypt about the time of Abraham's death ? 24. When did the seven years of famine begin ? ASSYRIA, PHCENICIA, GREECE, ASIA MINOR, JEWS. 13 [Between 2C00 B. C. and 1000 B. C] 25. What took place the next year 1 26. By what name were the kings of E^ypt called in Scripture 1 27. What king began to reign 1577 B. C, and wliat is said of him] 28. What is the state of ASSYRIAN history during this period 1 29. What city is first founded in PHCENICIA— when and by whom? 30. What is said of GREEC E prior to the foundation of Alhens 1 31. When and by whom is Athens supposed to have been founded 1 32. What deluge soon after in Greece? 33. What city founded in ASIA MINOR— when and by whom 1 Fourth Division, or Division of the Judges ; Extends from Moses to Solomon, or from 1000 B. C. to 1500 B.C. 1. What nations are represented during this division? 2. Concerning which of them have we the most certain knowledge? 3. What is the first event mentioned in the history of the JEWS after 1500 B. C, and date? 4. What other great events followed in their history the same year ? 5. W^hat period commences here, and how long docs it last ? 6. When does Aaron die, and who succeeds him ? 7. When does Moses die, and who succeeds him ? 8. What other great event followed the same year? 9. What took place after four years of war ? 10. After the death of Joshua how is Israel governed ? 11. What is the period of their history called from this time onward, about 150 years? 12. What took place 1113 B. C. ? 13. Who delivered them, and when? 14. How long does Othniel judge ? 15. Into whose hands are they next delivered ? 10. When they repent, by whom are they freed ? 17. What hero performs great exploits soon after this? 18. Into whose hands, and for what, are they soon after delivered ? B 14 JEWS, GREECE. [Between 1000 B. C and 1500 B. C] 19. What took place 1285 B. C ? 20. Into whose hands are they next delivered 1 21. Who frees them 1 22. Who soon after causes himself to be elected kingl 23. What follows 1 24. Who next judges Israel, and how long? 25. Who succeeds Tola, and how long does he judge 1 26. What took place 1205 B. C. 1 27. Who next judges Israel, and what is said of him? 28. Who succeeds Jephthah as judge? 29. Who succeeds Ibzan ? 30. Who succeeds Abdoii? 31. When does he begin to judge, and how long does he reign ? 32. How long was this after Cecrops founded Athens? 33. How long before David began his reign ? 34. What is said of the Israelites soon after he begins to reign? 35. What noted character follows, and how long does he judge ? 36. What is further said of him ? *37. Who next becomes celebrated in Israel, and how long does he judge? 38. What took place 1116 B. C, after Eli had judged forty years ? 39. By whom are they persuaded to repent, 1096 B. C, and what follows ? 40. Who was the first king of Israel ? 41. When and by whom was he anointed? 42. What period begins here? 43. For what is Saul rejected 1063 B. C. ? 44. What other events are noticed during this and the next year? 45. What battle 1055 B. C. and result? 46. When does David begin to reign in Judah, and who reigns seven years in Israel ? 47. What city does David capture soon after ? 48. What nations does he subdue 1043 B. C. ? 49. Which of his sons revolted 1023 B. C, and by whom is he slain ? 50. Name the first city founded in GREECE after the begin- ning of this period, by whom and when? 51. What else is said of Cadmus? 52. What othercity founded about the same time, and by whom ? *It will be noticed that Eli, Samson, and Samuel, were all judging at the same time in different parts of Israel. GREECE, EGYPT, ASIA MINOR, JeWS. 15 [Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 53. What four cities have been named that were founded in the lifetime of Moses? 5-1. Who is supposed to have been king of Athens about 1500 B. C? 55. What is the first period of Grecian history called ? 5G. What took place in Greece about 1300 B. C? 57. What were the exercises practised at these ^mes 1 58. In what did the Greeks engage, about 1200 D. C? 59. What is said of this war"? 60. What period of Grecian history begins herel 61. Date of the fall of Troy? 62. What led the Greeks to engage in this warl 63. How was Troy taken 1 64. Who was reigning in Israel at this time "? 65. What took place in Greece while Saul was king of Israel 1 66. What took place in EGYPT soon after the beginning of this period ] 67. What period of Egyptian history begins hero, and wliat is said of if? 68. Wliat is said of the reign of Sesostris ] 69. What is the first period of the history of ASIA MINOR called 1 70. Name some of the kings of Troy 1 71. After the destruction of Troy, what is the next period of the history of Asia Minor called 1 Fifth Division, or Division of the Assyrian Empire; Extends from Solomon to Daniel, and the beginning of the Roman Republic, or from 1000 B. C. to 500 B. C. 1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this division 1 2. Who is king of the JEWS at this timel 3. When did Solomon begin to reign] 4. For what was he celebrated, and what was the character of his reign 1 5. W^hut noted building was erected by him ] 6. Date of its dedication 1 7. What did Solomon afterwards do 1 8. What influence did his heathen wives have over him ? 9. What can yoii say of Rehoboam, the successor of Solomon 1 10. What is the date of the separation of Judah and Israel? 11. Who was the first kinof of the ten tribes of Israel? 16 JEWS. [Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 13. What did he do to prevent his subjects from going to Jerusalem to worship ] 13. "Who was king in Egypt at this time, and what is said of him 1 14. Who succeeded Rehoboam in Judah, and what is said of him"? 15. Who succeeds Abijah, and wliat is said of his character and his reign? IG. What is said of him 941 B. C. 1 17. Who succeeded Jeroboam in Israel? 18. W^hat is said of him 1 19. Who succeeded Nadab 1 20. What is said of him 1 21. Who succeeds Baasha? 22. Who succeeds Elah ? 23. Who succeeds Zimri 1 24. Who succeeds Omri 1 25. For what were they noted T 26. Who was king in Syria at this time, and what is said of him 1 27. What great prophet flourished during the reign of Ahab and Jezebel 1 28. About what time is this 1 29. What king reigned in Judah at this time, and what is said of himl 30. W^ho succeeds Jehoshaphat, and what is said of him? 31. By whom was Jerusalem plundered during his reign? 32. Who succeeds Jehoram ? 33. By whose councils was he directed? 34. Who succeeds Ahaziah ? 35. What did she attempt? 36. Who succeeds her, and what is said of him? 37. Who succeeds Joash as king of Judah? 38. Give the principal events in his history. 39. Who succeeds Amaziah, and about what time ? 40. How did he reign, and whom did he defeat? 41. What is said of him, 761 B. C? 42. Who succeeds Ahab and Jezebel in Israel, and about what time ? 43. Who succeeds Ahaziah, and what was his character ? 44. Who succeeds Jehoram, and what is said of him? 45. When was Elijah translated ? 46. Who succeeded him in the prophetic office? 47. Who succeeded Jehu, and what is said of him? 48. Who succeeded Jehoahaz, and what is said of him? JEWS. 17 [Between 1000 B. C. 500 B. C] 49. Who succeeded Joash or Jehoash in Israel, and what is said of him ? 50. What great prophet flourished under his reign and what time was this 1 51. What was the state of the government of Israel during the twelve years succeeding Jeroboam II. 1 52. What was the end of Zechariah king of Israel? 53. Wliat was the end of Shallam? 54. What was the character of Menahem 1 55. What was the end of Pekaiali his successor 1 56. What took place under Pekah 747 B. C. 1 57. With whom does Pekah war, and with what success 1 58. By whom was he slain T 59. What followed during the next nine yearS? 60. Who succeeded and what is said of him 1 61. Wliat should you conclude was the character of the Israelites after the time of Jonah ] *62. What took place soon after Hosea came upon the throne, and what is the date of this event! 63. Who succeeded Uzziah or Azariah in Judahl 64. What is said of his character and his reign 1 65. Who succeeded Jotham, and what is said of liiml 66. Who succeeded Ahaz 1 67. What was his character, and what is said of him 1 68. By whom was Jerusalem besieged during his reign, and what was the result? 69. What great prophet flourished during his reign? 70. About how long was it from his first vision to his last prediction? 71. Who succeeded Hezekiah, and what is said of him? 72. What is said of the prosperity of the kingdom from the time of Manasseh ? 73. Who succeeded Manasseh, and what was his character ? 74. Who succeeded Amon, and what is said of him? 75. Who succeeded Josiah, and where was he carried captive ? 76. Who succeeded Jehoahaz ? 77. What took place during his reign ? 78. What was the date of the capture of Jerusalem by Nebu- chadnezzar ? 79. What two great prophets flourished about this time? 80. How long after the capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnez- zar before Cyrus issues his decree restoring the Jews ? * From this captivity the Israelites never returned. b2 18 JEWS, ASSYRIA. [Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 81 What is this period of 70 years called 1 82. What followed when Zedekiah rebelled 590 years B. C.I 83. What took place 588 B. C? 84. Wliat great prophet flourished during this captivity 1 85. What took place 536 B. C? 86. What took place 521 B. CA 87. What took place the next year "? 88. What took place 515 B. C. T 89. What is still the state of ASSYRIAN history, during the first 250 years of this division] 90. About how many years of Assyrian history are considered fabulous 1 91. Who began to reign about 771 B. C. 1 92. Relate the particulars of the revolt and division of the empire under his reign? 93. Date of this division"? 94. Who reigned in Media 1 95. Who in Babylon 1 96. What noted era here, and who dated from hi 97. What period of Babylonian history begins here? 98. What can you say of this period 1 99. What period of the history of Nineveh begins here ? 100. Who reigns in Nineveh? 101. What kingdom did he overthrow 741 B. C? 102. What power did he subdue the next year? 103. Who succeeds Tiglath Pileser? 104. Whom did he carry captive and when? 105. W^ho succeeded Shalmanezer ? 106. What attempt did he make upon Jerusalem, and with what success ? 107. Who succeeded Sennecherib as king of Nineveh? 108. W^hat did he accomplish 681 B. C? 109. W^hat did he do four years after? 110. Wliat period of Assyrian history commences with the union of Nineveh and Babylon ? 111. Who succeeds Esarhaddon? 112. Who is he supposed by some to be? 113. What is said of this, and the following reign? 114. Who succeeds Chyniladan, or Sarac, and what took place at his accession ? 1 15. What does he do soon after? 116. What conquest did his son Nebuchadnezzar make, the year before he came upon the throne ? ASSYRIA, MEDIA, PERSIA. 19 [Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 117. When was Nineveh destroyed, and by whoml 118. When did he destroy Jerusalem 1 119. What city did he take 572 B. C, and after how long a siege ] 120. What further conquest did he make this year ? 121. What is said of him 570 B. C.I 122. What the next year? 123. What took place 562 B. C. ? 124. What great prophet flourished during his reign, and that of his successors ? 125. What was the end of Evilmerodach, the successor of Nebuchadnezzar 1 126. Who succeeded him, and what was his end 1 127. Who was the successor of Neriglissar, and the last of the kings of Babylon 1 128. When, and by whom, was Babylon taken? 129. Who was chosen king of MEDIA 710 B. C. ? 130. Who was at this time king of Nineveh 1 131. Who was king of Judah ] 132. W^hat great prophet in Judah 1 133. WHiat remarkable event took place in the history of Judah the same year that Dejoces came upon the throne of Medial 134. What was the end of Dejoces after he had reigned 54 years'? 135. Who succeeded him? 136. Who succeeds Phraortes, and what is said of him 137. What did he do the same year that Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem 1 138. By whom is he succeeded 595 B. C. 1 139. W' ho succeeds Astyages T 140. Who is the first king here mentioned in PERSIA? 141. W'hat was the condition of the Persians previous to the time of Cambyses? 142. What were they called in very early times 1 143. Who was Cyrus '? 144. What appointment did he receive, and by whom? 145. Did this appointment effect a union of these two powers? 146. What battle 548 B. C, and what was the result? 147. What power is here subdued ? 148. When did Cyrus take Babylon, and after how long a siege ? 149. What two powers have now fallen under the Medo 20 PERSIA, GREECE. [Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 150. When was Cyrus made king? 151. What decree did Cyrus issue in favor of the Jews? 152. Who succeeds Cyrus as king, and what is his character? 153. W^hat nation subdued by Canibyses? 154. What three powers now subdued by the Medo Persians ? 155. Who succeeds Cambyses ? 156. Who succeeds Smerdis? 157. What decree did he issue the same year that he came upon the throne? 158. What city revolts 1017 B. C? 159. What followed the next year? IGO. Against whom did Darius go 514 B. C, and what fol- lowed ? IGl. What council noticed in GREECE, at the beginning of tliis division ? 1G2. By whom is it supposed to have been instituted? 163. What does it now become? 164. What is further said of it? 165. What two noted characters in Greece at the same time that Elijah was in Israel? 166. About what time did Homer and Hesiod flourish? 167. W^hat great character commenced a revolution in Greece the same year that Jehu came upon the throne of Israel ? 168. Date of Lycurgus' reform? 169. What is said of him? 170. What period of Grecian history begins with him? 171. What period begins at his death? 172. What epoch in the next century? 173. What is its date, and what is said of it? 174. What other era has been mentioned in this century, and at what date ? 175. What change soon after in the government of Athens? 176. What war soon after in Greece, and how did it end? 177. What was the third change in the government of Athens? 178. What war about the same time in Greece? 179. Who were at first victorious ? 180. How did the war finally end? 181. What lawgiver appeared in Athens 624 B. C, and what is his code styled ? 182. What nations are at this time represented on the chart? 183. What lawgiver soon after in Athens ? 184. Date of his code, and what title did it gain for him ? GREECE, ROME, EGYPT. 21 [Between 1000 B. C. and 500 B. C] 185. Mention some of the poets and philosophers that flourished about this time in Greece. 186. Of what sect was Thales the founder T 187. Who usurped the government of Athens soon after "? 188. What is said of his reign 1 189. What new exhibitions and improvements in Greece during his time 1 190. What great change in the world's history during his reign 1 191. Who succeeded him in the government of Athens'? 192. What was the fate of eachT 193. What noted philosopher about this time in Greece? 194. What is the date of the foundation of ROME? This is the era from which the Romans reckoned time. 195. What other great epochs, or eras, have been mentioned in this century, and what is the date of each T 196. Who is said to have founded Rome, and what is related of him I 197. Who succeeded Romulus, and what is said of him? 198. Who succeeded Numa, and what was his character? 199. What noted combat took place in his reign? 200. W^ho succeeds TuUus Hostilius, and what is his character? 201. W^ho succeeds Ancus Martius, and what is said of him? 202. Who succeeds Tarquin the Elder, and what is said of him ? 203. Who succeeds ServiusTullus, and what is his character? 204. What took place 509 B. C? 205. Who were chosen consuls ? 206. What is said of the story of Rome, under the kings ? 207. Who began to reign in EGYPT, about 978 B. C. ? 208. What conquest did he make in the time of Rehoboam, the successor of Solomon ? 209. When are the first three pyramids supposed to have been built? 210. What took place in Egypt 670 B. C. ? 211. Who began to reign 616 B. C? 212. Who succeeded Pharaoh Necho in Egypt? 213. Mention some characters that were cotemporary with Apries. 214. What took place in Egypt 672 B. C? 215. What did Amasis soon after do? 216. When, and by whom, was Egypt subdued? 22 TYRE, LYDIA, EGYPT, PERSIA. [Between 1000 B. C. and the Christian Era.] 217. What is said of Hiram, king of TYRE, in the time of Solomon'? 218. Who succeeded Hiram as king of Tyrel 219. Who reigned in Tyre cotemj)orary with Lycurgus ? 220. What took place during his reign 1 221. Date. of the foundation of Carthage] 222. What is said of the Tyrians hetween GOO and 700 B.C? 223. A\'hen was Tyre taken, and by whom? 224. Mention some of the kings of Lvdia, previous to the year GOO B.C.] 225. What great philosopher and fabulist in LYDIA soon after ? 22G. Who was king of Lydia, when it was subdued by Cyrus ? 227. What is said of Croesus' court] Sixth Division^ or Division of the Macedonian Empire; Extends from 500 B. C. to A. D., or from near the time of Daniel, and the foundation of the Roman republic, to the Chris- tian era. 1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this division] 2. Which are the two most powerful, at this time] 3. Who was reigning in PERSIA] 4. Who had, a short time before, governed Athens in GREECE] 5. Where do we next hear of Hippias, 500 B. C. ] G. What effect did his favorable reception by Darius have upon the Atheniar>s ] 7. What did they do] . What did Darius undertake, 494 B. C.] 9. With what battle was this expedition terminated, and what was the result of that battle, 490 B. C. ] This halik begins what is called ike PERSIAN WAR. 10. Who succeeds Darius on the Persian throne, and when] 11. What did he undertake, after three years spent in prepa- ration ] 12. What is said of the size of his army] 13. What aid did he receive from Carthage] 14. Where, and by whom, was he first opposed, 480 B. C. ] 15. What seafight soon after, and result] GREECE, PERSIA. 23 [Between 500 B, C. and the Christan Era.] 16. "What period of Grecian history begins about this time ? 17. What did Xerxes do, after this failure ? 18. What is said of the state of the Persian empire from this tim-el 19. W^hat battle followed 479, and result] 20. W^hat sea fight on the same day, and result 1 21. Who now became the aggressors, and how? 22. By whom were the Persians again defeated, 470 B. C? 23. What great character from this time ruled Athens, and how long'? 24. How did the third war between the Spartans and Messeni- ans end 1 25. W'hat two poets flourished in Greece, during the time of the Persian war? 26. What poet and philosopher, just previous to this war 1 27. What great historian soon after this war? 28. W^ho succeeded Xerxes, as king of Persia ? 29. W^ho succeeded Artabanus 1 30. By what other name is Artaxerxes called ? 31. What did he do 456, B. C? -32. What decree did Haman procure 451 B. C? 33. What followed] 34. Who succeeded Artaxerxes, the Longhanded, and about what time] 35. Who succeeded Xerxes II. 1 36. Who succeeded Sogdianus ] 37. What was the character of Darius Nothus? 38. By whom was he governed ] 39. In what war did he take part? 40. W^hom did his generals favor] 41. What province revolts from the Persians, 414 B. C. ] 42. By whom are they aided, and what the result ] 43. What took place 363 B. C. ] 44. What is the condition of New Tyre, under the Persians] 45. Who succeeded Darius Nothus] 46. What event happened soon after ] 47. What battle followed, and result] 48. W^hat famous retreat followed, and by whom is it de- scribed ] 49. What is the stale of the empire, from the time of Darius Nothus ] 50. Who was king at the time of the destruction of the em- pire by Alexander ] 24 GREECE, PERSIA. [Between 500 B. C and the Christian Era.] 51. What period of Grecian history begins 431 B. C.] 52. What war begins at this time, in Greece 1 53. W^hat cities took the lead in this war, and how long did it continue ■? 5 i. W^hat do we find the next year after the war begins 1 55. What battle 405 B. C, and result"? 56. How was this war ended, 404 B. CI 57. What great moralist and philosopher flourished during this war 1 58. When was he put to death 1 59. After the thirty tyrants that were placed over Athens by Sparta, had ruled one year, what took place) 60. What war began in Greece nine years after the clofee of the Peloponnesian war 1 CI. How were the states of Greece divided'? 62. What battle next year, and result ? 63. What peace followed, 387 B. C. ? 64. What celebrated historian died, in the time of this war! 65. What noted physician flourished soon after Thucydides ? 66. What philosopher at the same time ] 67. What noted historian soon after 1 68. What great philosopher at the same time with Xenophon } 69. What battle 371 B. C, and result ? 70. What battle eight years after, and result 1 71. What war began soon after, in Greece 1 This war was excited by an attempt of the Phocians to plunder the Teniple of Delphos. The Thebans soon after solicited the aid of Philip of Macedonia, which brought him in contact with the Grecian states. 72. What war began 339 B. C. 1 73. What advisers had the Athenians, and whose council did they follow? 74. What battle, and result? 75. What philosophers flourished at this time? 76. Who succeeded Philip in Macedonia, and when 1 77. What did Alexander do the next year, 335 B. C.I 78. What invasion does he commence 334 B. C. 1 79. What was his first battle after he crossed the Hellespont into the Persian dominions, and result? 80. What great battle next year, and result? 81. What is said of Egypt the next year? 82. W^hatofTyre? 83. What great battle 330 B. C, and result? ASSYRIA, EGYTT. 25 [Between 500 B. C. and the Christian Era.] 84. Whom did Alexander defeat two years after this? 85. Where and when did Alexander die, and at what age? 86. Give some account of the scenes that took place between his death, and the final division of the empire among four of his principal generals. 87. W^hat were the names of these divisions'? 88. Who had Macedonia? 89. Who had Egypt ? 90. Who had Syria and the east ? 91. Who had Thrace and Bilhynia? 92. By whom was Athens taken in 398 B. C. ? 93. How was the Achaean League formed ? 94. What two philosophers at this time, in Greece? 95. W^ho ravaged Greece about this time? 96. What chronological tables composed about this time? 97. What chronology is founded upon them? 98. By whom was the Achaean League renewed ? 99. About what time did Sparta join the League? 100. What noted character at this time generalissimo of the League ? 101. What is said of him? 102. By whom were the Greeks finally subdued, 146 B. C. ? 103. Wliat noted geometrician in EGYPT, about 300 B. C. ? 104. What famous library founded by Ptolemy Lagus ? 105. What period of Egyptian history begins here? 106. Who succeeded Ptolemy Lagus? 107. What celebrated translation did he cause to be made ? 108. W"ho succeeded Ptolemy Philadelphus ? 109. What is said of the sovereigns of this period ? 110. Name some of the sovereigns of Egypt, between this and tlie lime of Cleopatra? 111. What is said of Cleopatra? 112. By what nation was Egypt subdued, and when? 113. What period in the history of Syria began 312 B. C? 114. Name some of the kings of this period. 115. Who was king at the time the Jews submitted to the Syrians? 116. What conquests did he make? 117. Who excites him against the Romans? 118. What battle followed 190 B. C? 119. Who was king when the Jews gained their independence? 120. By whom were the Syrians finally subdued ? 121. About how long did the kingdom of Lysimachus last? ^ ROME. [Between 500 B. C. and the Christiaa Era.] 122. What change in the Government of ROME, took place near the beginning of this division 1 123. Who were the first consuls 1 The Consuls were chosen yearly ; they had the same badges as the kings, except the crown, and their power was nearly equal. 124. What officer chosen 501 B. C. ? The Dictator was chosen in times of great danger, and held unlimited power during the period of six months. 125. What new officer chosen 593 B. 0.1 The Tribunes were chosen annually by the Plebeians, to protect themselves against the Patricians. 126. What did Coriolanus do after having been banished for proposing the abolition of the Tribunate ] 127. Who was king of Persia at this lime 1 128. What noted generals in Greece, about this time? 129. What armament goes from Carthage the same year that Coriolanus returned from banishment] 130. W^hich was the strongest power at this time, Rome or Carthage? 131. What was the effect of the law of Valero'? Under this law the Tribunes were elected by the comitia, held by tribes, and the government passed into the hands of the people. It became practically Democratic. 132. What officers next appointed instead of consuls 445 B. C. 1 There were three patricians and three plebeians. 133. Who was chosen Dictator on an invasion of the Aequi and Volsci, 456 B. CI 134. What officers of government appointed 451 B. C. ? The Decemviri, were ten persons elected to frame a code of laws. For nearly three years, all other magistrates were suspended. The infamous conduct of Appius Claudius, one of their number, caused their overthrow. 135. What officers appointed 437 B. C. ? The business of the Censors, was to take the census, inspect the morals, and regulate the duiies of the citizens. 136. What improvement in her military system, 406 B. C.I 137. What city taken 391 B. C, after a vigorous siege of ten years, and by whom ? 138. What terrible calamity befel Rome soon after this? 139. What was the date of this event, and by whom v/as the capital saved ? 140. What war was going on in Greece, at this time? ROME. S7 [Between 500 B, C. and the Christian era.] 1 Greece? 142. What is said of Manlius Capitolinus'? 143. What change in the Roman constitution, 369 B. C. ? 144. What war begins 343 B. C, and how long did it last? 145. What cities surrendered 340 B. CI 146. What is the modern name of Latiuml (See tables.) 147. What conquest completed 338 B. C. 1 148. What is the modern name of Campania"? 149. What battle in Greece, the same year, and result ? 150. How were the Romans humbled, 321 B. C. ? 151. How did they retaliate the next year? 152. What great general lands in Italy 280 B. C. 1 153. How long was this after Rome was burned by the Gauls'? 154. How long after Xerxes had invaded Greece? 155. How did he succeed in his first battle with the Romans? 156. What noted statesman and general had the Romans? 157. What took place after Pyrrhus had reniained six years in Italy? 158. What happened to him the next year, after having ravaged Greece ? 159. When was the whole of Italy finally subjected by the Romans? IGO. What period ended here? 161. What war began two years after, and how long did it last "^ 162. What period "of Roman history commenced here? 163. What noted general had the Carthagenians in this war? 164. What was the result of the first sea fight? 165. W^hat was the result of the second sea fight? 166. To whom did the Carthagenians next apply, and with what success? 167. What nations now represented upon the chart? 168. When did the second Punic war begin, and how long did it continue? 169. What great general led the Carthagenians during this war ? 170. Relate^something of his exploits? 171. What two battles the first year of this war, and result? 172. What battle the second year, and result? 173. What battle the third year, and result ? 174. What Roman general took Syracuse, and after how long a siege ? 175. By whom was it defended ? 176. When Asdrabal came to Italy to aid Hannibal, what battle was fought, and result ? 28 ROME. [Between 500 B. C. and the Cliristian Era.] 177. What Roman general then led an army in Africa! 178. What course did tho Carthagenians then take] 179. When was this, and what was the result? 180. Whom did the Romans defeat 197 B. C? 181. Who succeeds Philip V., in Macedon] 182. What battle 168 B. C, and result] 183. About how long was this after the final reduction of Italy, and beginning of the first Punic warl 184. What war next broke out] 185. How long did it last before Carthage was destroyed 1 186. Wliat is the date of the destruction of Carthage] 187. What other conquest completed the same year] 188. What conquest completed 133 B. C.] 189. What two brothers after asserting the claims of the people, were slain about this time] 190. What period of Roman history begins with the fall of Carthage ] 191. What war begins 111 B. C, and how does it end] 192. What war begins 91 B. C, and by what was it caused ] 193. What war began 89 B. C. ] 194. Who was Mithridates, and what did his dominions at this time include] 195. What war began 88 B. C. ] 196. What took place 82 B. C. ] 197. What war began 73 B. C, and by what was it caused, and how brought to a close ] 198. What powerful enemy of Rome overthrown 6G B. C.,and by whom ] 199. What conspiracy 63 B. C, and what is said of it ] 200. What triumvirate formed 56 B. C, and by whom com- posed ] 201. What was the end of Crassus] 202. What civil war followed, and when did it begin ] 203. What battle next year, and what was the result] 204. What took place two years after] 205. W^hat the next year, 44 B. C.] 306. Who formed the second triumvirate] 207. Who fell victims to their proscriptions] 208. What battle next year, and result] 209. What took place 32 B. C. ] 210. What battle 31 B. C.,and who then came upon the throne as the first emperor] 211. What is said of his reign] JEWS, GREECE. 29 [Between 500 B. C. and the Christian era.] 212. What noted literary characters flourished during the last century 1 213. To what nation were the JEWS in subjection at the begin- ning of this division? 214. What is related of Ezra, the priest, 467 B. C? 215. What of Nehemiah, 455 B. C. 1 216. What great prophet soon after, and what is said of him'? 217. Who was king of Persia at the time of Malachi? 218. Who governed Athens? 219. What noted historian at this time in Greece? A striking fact will be noticed here, that the Old Testament history comes down to that point where well authenticated profane history begins. 220. To whom was the government of the Jews committed after the death of Nehemiah? 221. What was the effect of this ? 222. What is said of the Jews at the time of the conquests of Alexander ? 223. What is said of Simon the Just, soon after 300 B. C. 1 224. Who succeeded Simon, and what is said of him ? 225. What sects begin to appear in the time of Onias, his suc- cessor, and what is said of them ? 226. What attempt did Ptolemy soon after make, and what followed ? 227. When did the Jews submit to Antiochus, and what followed? 228. Who was ruling in Syria when the Jews revolted ? 229. How did Jason obtain the high priesthood ? 230. How did Menelaus obtain it, and what followed? 231. What did Antiochus do 170 B. C. ? 232. W^hat did he next attempt ? 233. What followed 165 B. C ? 234. Wliat is the period embracing the next 99 years of Jewish history called ? 235. Who succeeds Judas as hio->i priest and generalissimo of the army, and what does he do ? 236. Who succeeds Jonathan? 237. Who succeeds Simon, and what is said of him? 238. What can you say of Aristobulus 106 B. C? 239. Who the next year succeeds Aristobulus, and what is said of him ? 240. After a reign of twenty-six years by whom was Alex. Jannagus succeeded ? 241. What took place 67 B. C. ? c 2 so CARTHAGE, PARTHIA. [Between 500 B. C. and the Christian era.] 242. When was Jiidea again subdued, and by whom 1 243. With whom were the Jews soon after contending'? 244. Who came upon the throne 37 B. C, and what is said of himi 245. About what time, and by whom, is CARTHAGE sup- posed to have been founded] 246. Wliat aid did the Carthaginians afford Xerxes 1 247. What commenced 406 B. C.i 248. What was Syracuse? 249. About how long did this struggle last? 250. What noted character appeared in Carthage about 300 B. C, and what did he attempt? 251. Wlial is said of Carthage about tliis time? 252. What noted general had the Carthaginians during the first Punic war? 253. After the war had continued fifteen years, to whom did the Carthaginians apply for aid, and with what success? 254. What great general did Carthage produce in the second Punic war, and what is said of him ? 255. What war began 149 B. C. ? 256. When was Carthage destroyed ? 257. To whom did PARTHIA belong in early times? 258. After the death of Alexander, to whose share did it fall? 259. W'ho heads the Parthians in their revolt from the king of Syria? 260. What period of Parthian history begins with him ? 261. What conquest did he make? 262. With whom were the Parthians at war about 200 B. C. 1 263. Who began to reign 156 B. C, and what was his character? 264. What conquests did he make? 265. What is said of the character of the Parthians ? General Questions on Ancient History. It will be perceived that these questions are so asked, as to require the scholar in anb-vering them fully, to give lectures. These lectures may be long or short, at the discretion of the teacher. 1. What is the date of the foundauon of BABYLON and Nineveh, and about how long was this after the flood ? 2. Give the principal events in the history of the world be- tween the time of the flood and the foundation of Babylon. 3. What was the first period of Assyrian history, and what can you say of it ? 4. When does it end ? BABYLON, JEWS. 31 [General Questions B. C] 5. What revolution here took place 1 G. What period of the history of Babylon begins here? 7. What can you say of this period 1 8. What period cf the history of Nineveh begins here 1 9. W^hat took place during this period 1 10. By whom was Babylon united to Nineveh, and when! 11. What period begins here? 12. Name some of the prominent events of this period. 13. About how long did the Assyrian empire stand, after the reunion of Babylon with Nineveh? 14. What five nations subdued by the Assyrians 1 15. What five nations existing at the time of Nebuchadnezzar, that were not subdued by the Assyrians? 16. What individuals can you name contemporary with Nebu- chadnezzar ? 17. What is the first period of the history of the JEWS called ? 18. What are the prominent events in this period ? 19. What is the second period called, and when does it begin and end ? 20. W^hat are the prominent events in the Egyptian period ? 21. When does the third period begin, and how long does it last? 22. W' hat are the prominent events of this period ? 23. W^hen does the fourth period begin, and when does it end? 24. Give some of the prominent events and characters in the order in which they are mentioned in this period ? 25. W^hen does the next period of their history begin? 26. How many kings reigned before the division, and what is the length of each reign ? 27. Name some of the prominent events that took place during the reign of each. 28. Date the separation of the ten tribes from the tribes of Judah and Benjamin ? 29. Name the principal characters and events in the history of the ten tribes, after the separation at the death of Solomon, until they were carried captive by Shalmanezar. 30. In the history of Judah, until they were carried captive by Nebuchadnezzar ? 31. Date of this event, and what period begins here? 32. How long does it last ? The remaining periods of Jewish history are the Medo- Persian, Macedoniaii, Ftolemy- Egyptian, Syrian, Maccabees or Heroic, and Roman. 33. Wlien does the Medo-Persian period begin and end ? :,2 JEWS. [General Questions B.C.] 31. Name the prominent events and characters in this period. 35. When does the next or Macedonian period begin, and end ] 36. To whom were the Jews next in subjection, and how long '? 37. Name the prominent events that took place during this period. 38. To whom were they next subject, and how long "? 39. What are the prominent events that took place in the Syrian period 1 40. What is the next period of Jewish history, and how long does it last"? 41. Wliat are the prominent characters and events of this period 1 42. By what nation are the Jews next subjected ? 43. What is the first period of Egptian history called ? 44. What are the prominent events mentioned in this period I 45. What is the second period called ? 46. What is said of this period 1 47. Who subjected Egypt near the close of this period 1 The next two periods of Egyptian history are the Medo-Persian and Macedonian. 48. What prominent facts are mentioned during these periods'? 49. What is the next period, and what can you say of its history "? 50. What are the prominent events mentioned in the history of Phoenicia? 51. Into what two periods is the history of Asia Minor divided ? 52. When does each begin and end, and what are the promi- nent events in the history of each ] 53. What is the first period of the history of Greece called ? 51. What are the prominent events mentioned in its history 1 55. What is the second period of Grecian history called, and when does it begin and end ? 56 What are the prominent events mentioned in its history? 57. What is the next period, and the prominent events of its history ? 58. What period begins at the death of Lycurgus, and when does it end ? 59. What are the prominent events in the history of this period 1 GO. What is the next period, and what are its prominent events and characters ? GENERAL QUESTIONS. 33 [Between the Flood and the Christian era.] The remaining periods are the Macedonian, and the period of the AchcBan League. 61. What are the prominent events mentioned in the history of each period 1 62. Give the prominent events mentioned in the history of Media, previous to the time of its union with Persia] 63. What is said of Persia previous to its union with Media? 64. Give the prominent outlines of the history of the Medo- Persian power. 65. What are the prominent events and characters mentioned in the history of Carthage ? 66. What is the first period of the history of Rome, and when does it begin, and end T 67. What are the principal events mentioned in this period, and what is said of their authenticity 1 68. What is the second period, and when does it begin, and end "? 69. Mention some of the prominent characters and events of this period ? 70. What is the third period, and when does it begin, and end 1 71. W^hat are the prominent events and characters of this period % 72. What is the fourth period of Roman history called ? 73. Mention some of the prominent characters and events of this period, in their order? Seventh Division, or Division of the Roman Empire; Extends from the advent of our Saviour, to the fall of the Western empire and beginning of the Middle ages, or from A. D. to 500 A. D. 1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this division ? 2. Who is upon the throne of the ROMAN EMPIRE ? 3. W'hat period of Roman history begins with Augustus? 4. Is the world now in peace, or engaged in war ? 5. What is the number of the standing army of the Ro- mans? 6. Of the navy ? 7. What is the government of the Romans ? 8. W^hat is the population of the empire at the accession of Augustus ? 34 ROMAN EMPIRE. [Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 9. How long did Augustus reign after the Christian era? 10. Who succeeded him, and what is his character T 11. What course did he pursue towards his nephew, Germani- cus? 12. Whom did he next take into confidence 1 13. Who succeeded Tiberius, and what was his character] 14 Who suaceeded Caligula, and what was his character? 15. Who succeeded Claudius, at what date, and what is said of him ] 16. What prominent literary character? flourished about the time of the Christian era 1 17. What great philosopher and moralist flourished during the reign of Claudius, and what is said of his end 1 18. Who succeeded Nero] 19. Who succeeds Galba] 20. W'ho succeeds Otho ] 21. Who succeeds Vitellius, and what is said of him? 22. What city did he destroy the same year that he came upon the throne 1 23. What is the date of this event, and what is said of the siege? 24. ■ of two of his successors ? 25. Who succeeds Vespasian, and what is said of him ? 2(). What remarkable event took place the same year ? 27. What noted character smothered at this irruption? 28. Who succeeds Titus, and what is said of him? 29. Who succeeds Domitian, and what is said of him ? 30. Who succeeds Nerva, at what date, and what is said of him ? 31. What is said of the comparative size of the empire during his reign ? 32. Who succeeds Trajan, and what is said of him? 33. What took place in Judea, near the close of the reign pf Adrian ? 34. Who succeeds Adrian, and what is said of him ? 35. Wliat noted writers flourished during the first half of this century ? 36. Who succeeds Antoninus Pius, and what is said of him ? 37. Who succeeds Marcus A. Antoninus, and what is said of him ? 38. Who succeeds Commodus, and what is said of him ? 39. Who succeeds Pertinax, and by what means ? ROMAN EMPIRE. 35 [Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 40. Who succeeds Didius Julianus, and what is said of himl 41. Who succeeds Severus, and what is said of them'? 42. What is the end of the next two sovereigns 1 43. Who comes upon the throne A. D. 222 1 44. What are the names and characters of some of the empe- rors between this and 300, and what is said of them 1 45. Between 250 and 300 how many tyrants usurped the throne, and what was generally their end ? 46. Who comes upon the throne 306, A. D. ? 47. Who finally reigned alone, and at what date] 48. What is said of Constantino ? 49. Where was the seat of the empire removed by himi 50. Who next came upon the throne, and what followed ? 51. Who is crowned 361, A. D. 1 52. What is said of him'? 53. Who succeeds Julian 1 54. Who succeeds Jovian 1 55. What does Valentinian give his brother Valens 1 56. What then took place 364, A. D. 1 57. Who succeeds Valentinian, as emperor of the West ? 58. Who succeeds Gratian ? 59. What great event took place during the reign of Valenti- nian II., 384, A. D. 1 60. Who succeeds Valens, as emperor of the Easf? 61. What took place 392, A. D. ] 62. What is further said of Theodosius 1 63. Wlien was the empire permanently divided ? 64. What is said of the emperor Arcadius 1 65. What of the emperor Theodosius II. 1 66. Who became emperor of the East 350, A. D. ? 67. Who succeeds Marcian? 68. What took place under Leol 69. Who succeeds Leo, and what did he dol 70. At what time was Honorius made emperor of the west? 71. What dreadful event took place during his reign, 310, A. D.T 72. What three tribes of Barbarians established themselves in the Roman empire, the year preceding the invasion of Alaric ? 73. From what region were the Vandals, and where did they settle 1 74. What is the modern name of Scandinavia 1 (See tables.) 75. The modern name of Vandalusia ? 76. What did the Vandals do 427, A. D. 1 36 ROMAN EMPIRE. [Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 77. Where were the Allans from, and where did they settle 1 78. What is the modern name of Sarmalial 79. What of Lusitania \ 80. From what region were the Suevi ? 81. What tribe settled in the empire 412, A. D. ? 82. What nation settled in the empire 413, A. DA 83. Wliat nation 420, A. D., and where? 84. Wliat took place 42G, A. D. ] 85. What great conqueror ravaged the empire 447, A. T).1 86. What one 455? 87. About how long is this after Genseric, at the head of the Vandals, passed from »Spain into Africa ? 88. W^iat is the date of the fall of the empire 1 89. Who took Rome at this time, and what title did he assume? 90. By whom, and when, were the Heruli overthrown ? CHURCH IRslorT/. 91. To what nation was the greater part of the known world under subjection, at the time of the coming of Christ? 92. Was it a time of peace or war ? 93. What was the state of intelligence through the world at this time, compared with any former period ? 94. Mention some of the prominent scholars that lived within half a century of this time, before and after. 95. W'hen was our Lord crucified ? 9G. How long after this event before the conversion of St. Paul ? 97. What took place 42, A. D. ? 98. What controversy soon after ? 99. What council 50, A. D., and what was done at this council ? 100. What events are mentioned between this and 64, A. D. ? 101. W'hat is the first period of church history called ? 102. What took place 64, A. D. ? 103. How long had Nero been upon the throne at this time? 104. What two apostles suffered martyrdom the third year of this persecution ? 105. What began 95, A. D. ? 106. What two noted characters at this time, and what is said of them ? 107. How long was this after Jerusalem was destroyed? 108. What took place 107, A. D. ? 109. What noted character suffered martyrdom during this per- secution ? CHURCH HISTORY PARTHIA. 37 [Between A. D. and 500 A. D.] 110. What took place 150, A. D. ? 111. What disputes 158, A. D. ] 112. What rioted character mentioned at this time? 113. What commenced 163, A. D. 1 114. What noted character mentioned during this persecution, and what is said of him 1 115. What event mentioned 202, A. D. 1 116. What great character mentioned at this lime, and what is said of him? 117. What event 226, A. D., and under what emperor 1 118. What great character suffered martyrdom 251, A. D., and what is said of him 1 119. Wliat persecution about this time, and what originated with it, and how 1 120. Date of tliis persecution? 121. What celebrated dispute soon after? 122. What events further are mentioned during the remainder of this century ? 123. W^hat begun 302, A. D. ? 1*24. What put an end to this persecution ? 125. What period of church history begins about this time? 126. What noted characters are mentioned ? 127. What took place 316, A. D. ? 128. What council 325, A. D., and what is said respecting it? 129. What great character flourished at this time, and what is .said of him ? 130. What is said of Liberius, bishop of Rome ? 131. Are the Christians persecuted any further this century? 132. What prominent characters mentioned about this time ? 133. Wliat is said of Siricius, bishop of Rome? 134. What great discussion took place the same year that he was made bishop of Rome? 135. What remarkable characters flourished 400, A. D. ? 136. Why was St. Chrysostom so called ? 137. What is said of Pelagius ? 138. With whom, and when does the second branch of the Arsacidce begin in PARTHIA? 139. What revolution 223, A. D. ? 140. What dynasty begins here? 141. Who succeeds Artaxerxes, and what is said of him ? 142. Who came upon the throne 294, A. D., and what is said of him ? 1 13. Who succeeds Narses, how long does he reign, and what is his character ? D 38 PERSIA, FRANCE. [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 144. What commenced 340, A. D., and how long did it con- tinue 1 145. What was the result of the battle of Sirigate 348, A. D. 1 14G. What did Sapores do 359, A. D. ] 147. What look place 363, A. D. ? 148. Who succeeded Sapores 11., and what is said of himl 149. W^hat commenced 418, A. D., and how long did it con- tinue ] Eighth Division, or First Division of the Mid- dle Ages. Extends from the fall of the Western empire to the Central period of the Middle Ages, or from 500 A. D., to 1000 A. D. 1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this division 1 2. Who was upon the throne in France 1 3. How was his kingdom divided at his death 511, A. D.I 4. Who finally gained the ascendency, and reunited the km."? 5. W^hat took place at his death ? C). Who next reunites the kingdom 1 7. What took place 632, A. D.T 8. What at the death ofDao-obert? 9. What took place 687, A.'DJ 10. Mention some of the kings between this and 730, A. D. 11. Who succeeded Pepin de Iliristal, as mayor of the palace, and when"? 12. What great event 732, A. D. ] 13. Who succeeds Charles Martel, as mayor? 14. What did he do 752, A. D. ? 15. What did the pope decide? 16. W^hat dynasty of kings ends here? 17. Who succeeds Pepin le Bref, 768, A. D. ? 18. With whom was Charlemagne at war between 772, and 803? 19. Whom did he defeat 773, A. D. ? 20. What fcllov/ed,774,A. D. ? 21. When was Charlemagne crowned emperor? 22. What was his character? 23. What period begins with Charlemagne? 24. Wbo succeeds him 813, A. D. ? 25. What is said of Louis le Debonair? 26. How was the empire finally divided at his death'? FRANCE, BRITAIN. 39 [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D. 27. What took place the next year 1 28. What is the condition of France about this timel 29. Who succeeds Charles the Bald"? 30. Who succeeds Louis II. 1 31. Who succeeds Louis III., and Carloman'? 32. What took place 885, A. D. 1 33. What followed soon after this 1 34. Who succeeds Charles the Fat"? 35. W^ho succeeds Eudes, or Odo 1 36. What took place 911, A. D. ? 37. Who succeeds Charles the Simple? 38. Who succeeds Robert the Usurper"? 39. Who succeeds Ralpho, or Rodolph'? 40. What is the condition of France during this century 1 41. What took place 950, A. D. 1 42. Who succeeds Louis, 954, A. D. 1 43. What did he do 961.] 44. Who succeeds Lothaire, 886, A. D., and what is his end ] 45. Who succeeds Louis the Lazy 1 46. Who commenced invading England soon after the Romans left Britain, 429, A. D. f 47. Whom did the Britons call to their aid 447, A. D., and what followed 1 48. What two kingdoms founded between 455 and 500, and by whom T 49. Which of the seven kingdoms of the Heptarchy founded between 500 and 600, and by whom 1 50. What noted battle took place between the Saxons and ancient Britons, 511, A. D.l 51. What success had Arthur against the Saxons 519, A. D. ? 52. What followed 542, A. D. ] 53. What event took place 597, A. D. 1 54. Had Christianity been introduced previous to the time of Austin? 55. What noted character flourished about 700, A. D. ? 56. What great battle in France, three years before Bede's death 1 57. What is said of the Britons (the ancient inhabitants of the island) at this time? 58. What noted character flourished soon after 800, A. D., and over what two kingdoms does he first reign? 59. What follows? 60. Who was sovereign of France, Germany, and Italy, at the time that Egbert became sole king of England? 40 BRITAIN, GERMANY. [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 61. Who succeeds him as the second king of England? 62. Who ruled the Scots, in Scotland, at this time] 63. What took place 843, A. D.] 64. Who began to rule the same year, in Wales T 65. Who succeeds Ethelvvolf, in England, 857, A. DA 6C). What took place the next year ] 67. Who succeeds Ethelbald 360, A. D. ? 68. Who succeeds Ethelbert, 866, A. D. "? 69. Who succeeds Ethelred, and at what date] 70. What is said of Alfred ] 71. What university did he found, 886, A. D.I 72. How did Roderic of Wales, divide his dominions at his death ] 73. Who became king of Scotland, 875, A. D., and over whom was he victorious ? 74. Who succeeded Alfred, in England, and at what date? 75. What was his character] Edward the Elder, was the son of Alfred, and in all cases in the history of England, since the time of Alfred, and of France, since the time of Charlamagne, it may be understood that the reigning sovereign is the son of the preceding king, unless it is stated to the contrary. 76. Who succeeded Edward the elder, and at what date ] 77. What is said of Athelstan] 78. Who succeeded Athelstan, 941, A. D., and what is his end in 946] 79. Who succeeded Edmund, and what is said of him] 80. Who succeeded Edred] 81. Who succeeded Edwy. 82. Who succeeded Edgar, and what was his end ] 83. Who succeeded Edward II., and what was his character ] 84. Who became emperor of GERM ANY and king of ITALY 855, A. D., and what is said of him ] 85. Who succeeded Louis II.] W^ho Charles the Bald] 86. Who succeeded Charles the Fat, in Germany, and what is said of him ] 87. Who came upon the throne 920, A. D., and what is said of him ] 88. What house begins with Henry the Fowler] 89. Who succeeds him] 90. What is said of Otho] 91. What did he do 961, A. D.] 92. What other emperors upon the throne previous to 1000, A. D.] GERMANY, ITALY. 41 [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 93. Vv ho was upon the throne of Italy 500, A. D. % 04. By whom was Rome taken 537, A. D. "? 95. Whose general was Belisarius? 96. What followed 516, A. D. ? 97. What followed in 519 and 550] 98. Who defeated the Goths 553, A. D., and what followed 1 99. Who came upon the throne, 568, A. D.] 100. What can you say of the country about 585, A. D. 1 101. Name some of the kings of Italy, who ruled between GOO and 750, A. D. 102. W'ho began to reign 719, A. D., and what is said of him 1 103. Who succeeded Astolphus 1 101. About what time was he deposed, and what further took place at the same time? 105. Wlio came upon the throne 855, A. D. "? 106. Who succeeded Louis 875, A. D. ? 107. Who succeeded Charles the Bald 1 108. Who succeeded Carloman ] 109. What took place 889, A. D. ? 110. Who came upon the throne 922, A. D. 1 111. What did he do 936, A. D. 1 112. Who succeeded him the same year] 113. Who succeeded Hugh 950, A. D.] 114. What took place under him, and at what date ] 115. Who came upon the throne of the Eastern empire 527, A. D.] 116. For what was he celebrated] 117. What conquest did Belisarius make 534, A. D.] 118. What throe years after] 119. What 549, A. D. ] 120. What took place under Justinian about 535, A. D. ] 121. Who succeeded Justinian, and what was his character ] 122. Who succeeded Justin II., and what is said of him] 123. Who succeeded Tiberius II.] 124. Who succeeded Mauritius] 125. What did Phocas do 606, A. D. ] 126. Who succeeds Phocas, and what took place under iiis reign ] 127. What edict did Heraclius issue 638, A. D. ] 128. What took place 670, A. D., and what followed ] 129. Who came upon the throne 716, A. D. ] 130. What race begins with him ] 131. What edict did he publish 726, A. D. ] D 2 43 rXALY, PERSIA. [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 132. Who succeeded Leo III. 1 133. Who succeeded Constantine V. 1 134. Who succeeded Leo IV. ? 135. Who acted as regent in his minority 1 136. What part did she take in the question of image worship ? 137. What look place 788, A. D. 1 138. What great characters were cotemporary with Irene 1 139. Name some of the emperors that flourished between 802 and 867, A. D. 1 140. Who came upon the throne 867, A. D., and what is said of hirn 1 141. To what race did he belong] 142. What noted character flourished under him"? 143. Who was at this time upon the throne of England 1 144. Name some of Basil's successors previous to 963, A. D. 1 145. W^ho then came upon the throne, and what is said of him? 146. Who succeeds Nicephorus Phocas, and what is said of himi 147. What was the state of the empire after his timel 148. Who came upon the throne of PERSIA 532, A. D., and what was his character 1 149. What took place 540, A. D.? 150. What did Chosroes II. afterwards do? 151. What was the character of his successors? 152. About what time was Persia subdued by the Saracens? 153. From whom were the Arabians descended ? 154. What is said of them ? 155. What is said of their early history? 156. Who were the Saracens? 157. What great imposter appeared in Arabia soon after 600, A. D.? 158. What took place 612, A. D. ? 159. What 622, A. D. ? 160. What 627, A. D. ? 161. Who succeeded him, and what conquest did he make? 162. Who succeeds Abubeker, and what conquests does he make ? 163. What event took place 640, A. D. ? 164. About how long since the foundation of this library, and how many volumes did it contain before it was burned by Omar ? 165. Who succeeds Omar, and what conquests does he make? 166. Who succeeded Othman in Arabia, and who in Egypt? PERSIA, FRANCE, SPAIN. 43 [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D.] 167. What was the character of AH, and what is said of himi 168. What house came upon the throne GGO, A. D.I 169. What unsuccessful attempt did the Saracens make G70, A. D.I 170. What conquests did they complete 712, A. D.I 171. What are tiiose Saracens called wiio settled in Spain? 172. After conquering Spain, what did they next do? 173. By w^hom were they defeated in France, and when? 174. Who came upon the throne 754, A. D. ? 175. What city did he build, and for what? 176. What was the consequence of this removal of his capital 1 177. What kingdom did the Saracens found in Spain? 178. To what family did Abderrahman belong? 179. What is said of him and his successors? 180. W' ho came upon the throne of the Saracen empire 785, A. D.? 181. What was his character, and what is said of him? 182. What is the period of his reign often styled ? 183. What took place 807, A. D. ? 184. Who began to reign 813, A. D., and what is said of him? 185. What event is mentioned 850, A. D. ? 186. What followed only 11 years after? 187. How is the Saracen power again greatly weakened 934, A. I). ? 188. Where did the Goths retire upon the invasion of SPAIN by the Saracens 712, A. D. ? 189. Who was at this time Mayor of the Palace, in France? 190. What kingdom founded in Spain 755? 191. By whom was it founded, and what is said of him and his successors ? 192. Who founded Candia ? 193. Who came upon the throne of Cordova 822, A. D., and what is said of iiim ? 194. What irruption into Spain during his reign ? 195. Who were the Norman sea kings, and what is said of them ? 196. Who began to reign 889, A. D., and what is said of him ? 197. W^hat is said of Cordova? 198. Who began to reign 912, A. D., and what is said of him? 199. What is said of his reign? 200. Wlio began to reign over the Christians (so called) in Leon, 914, A. D., and what is said of him? 201. What age of Spanish history begins here? 44 SPAIN, CHURCH, ENGLAND. [From 500 A. D. to 1000 A. D ] 203. What is said of Almansor, regent under Hixem, sovereign of the Moors ] 204. What is said concerning the CHURCH ahout 500, A. D. 1 205. What took place 533, A. D. 1 206. What was introduced 550, A. D. ? 207. What took place 555, A. D. 1 208. Who became pope or bishop of Rome 590, A. D. 209. What is said of a concession made by the emperor of the East to the bishop of Rome, and at what date? 210. What took place 607, A. D. 1 211. What took place in Britain about the same time'? 212. Name some of the popes of this century ? 213. What event mentioned 680, A. D. ? 214. What edict by Leo HI., 726, A. D. ? 215. What noted characters flourished in France and England, at this time ? 216. What controversy from this time to 787, A. D. ? 217. Who at this time restored image worship ? 218. What application was made to Stephen H., by Pepin? 219. What was the decision? 220. How did Pepin reward the Pope? 221. What was done by Charlemagne, 774, A. D. ? 222. What took place 849, A. D. ? 223. What was generally the character of the popes from this time onward ? 221. What served greatly to establish their power? Ninth Division^ or Second Division of the Middle Ages. Extends from the central period of the Middle Ages to the Reformation, or from 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D. 1. What nations are represented at the beginning of this division ? 2. What event mentioned in the history of ENGLAND, 1002, A. D.? 3. Wliat took place two years after? 4. When did Sweyn become king of England ? 5. Who succeeded him ? 6. Who succeeded Edmund XL, and what is said of him? 7. Who succeeded Canute the Great? 8. Who succeeded Herod L, and what was his character? 9. Who succeeded Canute H., and when ? 10. What was his character, and what is said of him ? ENGLAND. 45 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 11. What race of kings were restored when Edward came upon the throne? 12. About how long had the Danish kings reigned 13. Who succeeded Edward the Confessor? 14. Who succeeded Harold II., when, and by what means'? 15. Where was Normandy 1 [See hst of ancient and modern names.] 16. About how long had the Saxon family reigned since they were restored "? 17. What system and language did William introduce? 18. What family of kings came upon the throne in William the Conqueror? 19. What is said of William 1087, A. D. ? 20. Who succeeded him, and what was his character? 21. Who succeeded William Rufus, when, and by what means? 22. What is said of the character of Henry the Scholar ? 23. Into what family did he marry? 24. What house afterwards descended from this union of the Norman and Saxon families? 25. What took place 1106, A. D. ? 26. Who succeeded Henry 1135, A. D. ? 27. By whom was Stephen opposed? 28. What battle followed 1140, A. D., and what was the result? 29. What was the condition of England at this time? 30. What took place two years after the battle of Lincoln? 31. Who succeeded Stephen 1154, A. D. ? 32. What is said of the ability of Henry II. ? 33. By whom was he opposed ? 34. What followed 1170, A. D. ? 35. What 1171, A. D. ? 36. What is said of Henry's sons? 37. What is said of Henry, 1174? 38. Who succeeded Henry II., 1189, A. D.? 39. Where did Richard go 1190, A. D. ? 40. What city did he aid in capturing from the Saracens 1191, A. D.? 41. What else did he do the same year? 42. What happened to him while returning home? 43. Who succeeded Richard, and when? 44. What was the character of John ? 45. What did he do 1213, A. D. ? 46. What great event took place 1215, A. D. ? 46 ENGLAND. [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 47. Who succeeded John, and what is said of hiinT 48. What is said of the condition and prosperity of England during this century 1 49. What took place 125S, A. D. ] 50. What battle 1264, and result? 51. What battle the next year, and result'? 52. What great literary character flourished during the latter part of this century] 53. Who succeeded Henry TIT., and what was his character'? 54. What conquest did Edward I. make 1282, A. D. ? 55. What is the king's eldest son styled from this time 56. About how lonor is this after the conquest of Ireland by Henry 11. '? 57. What brave opponent did the English meet with in Scot- land, about 1300, A. D. ] 58. In what battle did he defeat them 1297, A. D.'? 59. What was finally the fate of Wallace, eight years after this] 60. Who succeeded Edward I., and wMiat was his character'? 61. What great battle followed, and result"? 62. W^hat took place 1321, A. D. ? 63. Who succeeded Edward IT.] 64. What is said of Edward III., 1337, A. D.] 65. What sea fight 1340, A. D., and result] 66. What battle six years after, and resuJt] 67. What was there remarkable about this battle? 68. W^hat event took place the next year ] 69. What battle followed ten years after the battle of Cressy, and result] 70. What noted divine flourished towards the close of this centurv, and what is said of him ] 71. Who succeeded Edward IIL, and what was his character] 72. What noted event took place 4 years aflor Richard II. came upon the throne] 73. What celebrated poet flourished about the close of this century ] 74. "Who succeeded Richard II., and when] 75. By what means, and w\mi followed ] 76. What battle followed 1400, A. D., and result] 77. What house came to the throne in the person of Henry IV.] 78. Who succeeded Henry IV. ] 79. What battle 1415, A. D., and result] 80. What took place 1420, A. D.] ENGLAND, SCOTLAND. 47 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 81. Who succeeded Henry V.I 83. What was the condition of France during the reigns of Henrys V. and VI., of England. ? 83. What great heroine obliged the English to raise the siege of Orleans 1 81. What war began 1453, A. DA 85. Wliat battle two years after, and result? 86. W^hat battle 1460, and result] 87. Wlio succeeded Henry VI., 1461, A. D.'i and to what family did he belong] 88. What battle followed, and result? 89. What took place seven years after T 90. What followed, 1470? 91. Wliat battle the next year, and result? 92. Who came upon the throne 1483, A. D.? 93. Who succeeded young Edward, after putting him to death ? 94. Who succeeded Richard III., 1485, A. D., and what is said of him ? 95. Who came upon i^ae throne of SCOTLAND, 1004, A. D., and what did he do? 96. Who succeeded Malcolm II. ? 97. Who succeeded Duncan I., and by what means? 98. Who was reigning in England cotemporary with Macbeth? 99. Who succeeded Macbeth? 100. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Malcolm III.? 101. Who succeeded Malcolm III.? J 02. Who came upon the Scottish throne 1100, A. D.? 103. Wlio reigned in P]ngland cotemporary with him? - 104. Who succeeded Edgar, 1124, A. D.? 105. Who succeeded David the Saint? 106. Who reigned in England cotemporary with him ? 107. Who succeeded William the Lion, and what was his character ? 108. What caused contentions during his reign? 109. Who succeeded Alexander II. ? 110. W'hat is said of the institutions of Scotland at this time? HI. What conquest made by the Scots, 1263, A. D.? 112. What contention 1285, A. D. ? 113. How was the dispute finally settled, 1293, A. D.I 114. What battle 1297, A. D., and result? 115. How long after the battle of Stirling before Sir William Vv'allace was betrayed ? 110. What followed his betrayal into the hands of Edward ? 48 SCOTLAND, FRANCE. [From loco A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 117. Who came upon the throne of Scotland the next year 1 118. Who succeeded Edward I., and what was his character] 119. What battle eight years after Bruce came upon the throne, and result 1 120. Who came upon the Scottish throne 1329, A. D. 1 121. Who succeeded him, and what followed T 122. What took place 1312, A. D. ? 123. Who was upon the throne of FRANCE, at the beginning of this division ] 124. What family came upon the throne in the person of his father 1 125. W^hat was the condition of France during this and the next century ] 126. What was introduced 1040, A. D., and what was the effect of it? 127. What took place in the beginning of the next century, under Louis VI., and what was the effect'? 128. Wlio was upon the throne of England, during the last part of the reign of Robert 11. ] 129. Who succeeded Robert II. 1 130. Who succeeded Henry I. ] 131. What great baron went from Normandy, in France, to England, six years after Philip came upon the throne] 132. By whom was France invaded, near the close of this century] 133. What period of French history begins 1100, A. D. ] 134. Who succeeded Philip I., and what is said of him '^ 135. Who reigned cotemj)orary with him in England ] 136. What war began 1109, A. D., and what followed] 137. What battle ton years after, and result] 138. Who was at this time emperor of Germany] 139. W^hat took place in France, 1124, A. D. ] 140. What noted character flourished about this time in France] 141. Who succeeded Louis VI., 1137, A. D., and what is said of him ] 142. What v/as the condition of England, during the first part of the reign of Louis VII. ] 143. Who was upon the throne of England during the last twenty-five years of his reign ] 144. Who succeeded Louis VII., and about what time] 145. What did Philip do soon after he came upon the throne] 146. What did he do 1190, A. D.] 147. What city did he aid in capturing from the Saracens] FRANCE. 49 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 148. What is said of France under Philip Augustus ? 149. What kings of England reigned coteniporary with him'? 150. What took place 1216, A. D. ? 151. Who succeeded Philip Augustus, and what is said of him ? 152. Who reigned in England, and who in Scotland, cotempo- rary with Louis VIII. 1 153. Who succeeded Louis VIII., 1226, and what was his character ? 154. Who reigned cotemporary with Louis IX., in England, and who in Scotland 1 155. What battle 1242, A. D., and result? 156. W^hat did Louis do six years after this battle ? 157. What happened after he had been two years absent? 158. What took place twenty years after he was taken prisoner in Egypt? 159. Who succeeded Louis IX.? 160. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Philip III. ? 161. Who succeeded Philip III., and what was his character? 162. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Philip the Fair? 163. What contention began in Scotland the same year that he came upon the throne, and what heroic characters in Scot- land during his reign ? 164. What is said of Philip IV., 1301, A. D.? 165. What revolt 1303, A. D.? 166. What was commenced four years after this revolt? 167. What took place 1314, A. D. ? 168. What other noted event the same year? 169. How many reigns are included in the next fourteen years ? 170. Who came upon the throne 1328, A. D. ? 171. What house came to the throne in the person of Philip VJ.? 172. What celebrated character flourished at this time in France ? 173. What defeats did the French meet with towards th^ close of the reign of Philip VI.? 174. What is this period of French history called? 175. What took place 1349, A. D.? 176. Who succeeded Philip II., the next year-- 177. By whom was he soon after defeated. ^nd what followed? 178. Who succeeded John II. the Gor^, and what was his character ? 179. What great hero led the forces of Charles V., and with what success ? 180. Who succeeded Charles ^., and what was his character? E 50 FRANCE, GERMANY. [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 181. What was the state of France during the latter part of his reign 1 182. What kings reigned in England cotemporary with him 1 183. By whom were the French defeated 1415, A. D., and what was the occasion of this war? 184. W^hat treaty followed five years after, and what were the terms of this treaty 1 185. Who succeeded Charles VI., and about what time? 186. What events mentioned during the first ten years of his reign ? 187. What event 1436, A. D. ? 188. What event eight years after? 189. What is said 1450, A. D. ? 190. Who reigned in Fingland cotemporary with Charles VII. ? 191. Who succeeded him? 192. What was the character of Louis XI., and what is said of him ? 193. What took place under his reign? 194. Who reigned in England cotemporary with him ? 195. W^ho succeeded Louis XI. ? 196. What is said of him 1491, A. D. ? 197. What is said of Otho, emperor of GERMANY, 1001, A. D. ? 198. Who succeeded him the next year? 199. What is said of Henry's movements in Italy 1004, A. D.? 200. Who reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- rary with him ? 201. Who succeeded him 1024, A. D. ? 202. What house came upon the German throne, in the person of Conrad II. ? 203. Who reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- rary with him ? 204. Who succeeded him 1039, A. D., and what is said of him? 205. Wlio :h^igned cotemporary with him in France, England, and Scotlai>|2 206. Who succov<3ed him ? 207. What commeujed 1073, A. D. ? 208. What contention^ beo-an the same year ? 209. Who was Hildebrand? 210. What is said of Hemy, 1076, A. D., and what followed ? 211. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry IV., in France, England, and Scotland? GERMANY. 51 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 212. Wlio succeeded Henry IV., and what is said of him ? 213. Did he also become king of Italy] 214. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, and Scotland] 215. Who succeeded Henry V., in Germany and Italy, and w^ho reigned cotemporary with him in England, France, and Scotland ] 21 G. Who succeeded Lothaire II ] 217. By whom was Conrad III. opposed ] 218. To what does this give rise, and what follows? 219. What house came upon the throne, in the person of Con- rad III. ] 220. About how long had the house of Franconia reigned ? 221. W^ho reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- rary with Conrad III.? 222. Who succeeded Conrad III., and what is said of him ? 223. W' hat cities did Frederic I. capture in Italy ? 224. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, and Scotland? 225. Who succeeded him? 226. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry VI., in France, England, and Scotland? 227. Who succeeded Henry VI., and what is said of him? 228. Who reigned cotemporary with Philip, in France, England, and Scotland? 229. Who had been elected king of Sicily, 1197, A. D. ? (See Italy.] 230. What is said of him 1212, A. D. ? 231. What is said of the emperor Frederic II. ? 232. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, and Scotland ? 233. What famous league formed 1241, A. D., and for what purpose? 234. Who succeeded Frederic II. ? 235. What was the state of the empire from the time of his death to 1273, A. D. ? 23G. Who came upon the throne 1273, A. D., and what is said of him? 237. What house came to the throne in the person of Rodolph I.? 238. About how long had the house of Suabia held the throne of the empire? '. 239. Who are mentioned in France, England, and Scotland, cotemporary with Rodolph ? 53 GERMANY. [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 240. Who succeeded him'? 241. Who succeeded Adolphus] 242. What is said of Albert, and what of his bailiffs 1 243. What follows, 1307, A. D. ] 244. Who succeeded Albert 1.1 245. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry VII., in France, England, and Scotland 1 246. Who succeeded him] 247. What events mentioned in French and English history the same year that Louis V. came upon the throne ] 248. What sovereigns, of these powers, cotemporary with Louis V. 1 249. What invention took place under his reign 1 250. What event mentioned 1333, A. D.I 251. What followed, 1338, A. D. '? 252. Wlio succeeded Louis V., of Bavaria? 253. Who reigned cotemporary with Charles IV., in France, England, and Scotland 1 254. What did he do seven years after he came upon the throne of the empire? 255. Who was the successor of Charles IV., and what is his character ] 256. Who reigned cotemporary with Winceslaus, in France, England, and Scotland 1 257. Who succeeded Winceslaus, in France, England, and Scotland 1 258. Who reigned cotemporary with Robert, count palatine in England? 259. Who succeeded him? 260. What took place durino- the reio-n of Sigismund, 1415 and 1416, A. D.? 261. What took place nine years after he came upon the throne ? 262. Who reigned cotemporary with him in France, England, and Scotland ? 263. Who succeeded, 1438, A. D. ? 264. What house came to the throne in the person of Albert 11.? 265. About how long had the house of Hapsburg reigned ? 266. Who succeeded Albert II., after a reign of two years ? 267. What great invention about the middle of this century ? 268. What war six years after Fred. III. came upon the throne ? 269. Who reigned in France, England, and Scotland, cotempo- rary with Fred. III.? 270. By whom was the empire invaded daring his reign? CERMANV, PAPAL CHURCH. 53 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 271. What noted writer flourished under his reign T 272. Who succeeded Frederic III. 1 PAPAL CHURCH. 273. Name some of the popes who ruled between 10 and llOOt A. D.? 274. What is said of most of them 1 275. W^ho became pope 1073? 276. What contentions immediately commenced ] 277. What did he order 1077, A. D. ? 278. Who reigned cotemporary with him in Germany, France, England, and Scotland ? 279. What is said of the passion for pilgrimage about this time 1 280. How were Christian pilgrims treated by the Mahometans 1 281. Who came upon the papal throne 1088, A. D. ? 282. Date of the first crusade excited by the preaching of Peter the Hennit 1 283. What followed the next year? (See Mahometans.) 284. What was the result of the siege of Nice? 285. What city did they next capture? 286. What followed the capture of Antioch ? 287. What battle the next year, and result ? 288. What took place 1099, A. D. ? 289. Who came upon the papal throne this year ? 290. By whom was he taken prisoner ? 291. Whatcouncil 1123, A. D., and for what purpose? 292. What is said of scholastic philosophy ? 293. What parties ciiginated in Germany, 1138, A. D., and what is said of them ? 294. With ivhom was the pope engaged in a contest 1142, A. D., and what followed? 29.'^. How did Louis atone for his crime ? 296. By whom was the second crusade excited, and about what time ? 297. Who came upon the papal throne 1159, A. D. ? 298. Who reigned cotemporary with him in Germany, France, England, and Scotland ? 299. What council called 1178, A. D., and against whom? 300. W^ho comes upon the papal throne 1187, A. D., and what power is first assumed by him? 301. Wlio became pope 1194, A. D. ? 302. W^ho reigned cotemporary with him in Germany, France, England, and Scotland ? e3 54 PAPAL CHURCH, CHURCH IN THE WILDERNESS, ITALY. [From 1000 A. D. to 1600 A. D.] 303. What sovereign did he excommunicate T 304. What sovereign resigned his crown to him 1 305. What institution established by him 1204, A. D. ? 306. What took place 1209, A. D. T 307. W' hat council six years after, and what doctrines were established at this council 1 308. What prohibition introduced 1229, A. D. 1 309. By whom were the popes at this time opposed 1 310. What order estabikhed 1256, A. D. ? 311. Who became pope l'-:i94, A. D., and how long was this after the election of Innocent HI. 1 312. Who reigned cotemporary with Boniface VIII., in Ger- many, France, and England? 313. What event 1308, A. D. 1 314. What council three years after, and w\iat was done at this council ] 315. Was there any pope from 1314 to 1316] 316. What claim did the pope set up in Germany, 1323, A. D.I 317. What is said of the court of Rome this century ] 318. Wliat followed in Germany fifteen years after the pope claimed the crown of the empire 1 319. What disputes mentioned about this time? 320. What great reformer appeared about this time in England, and what is said of him ] 321. How long did the seat of the pope remain at Avignon? 322. When was it removed to Rome, and what followed ? 323. What council called 1414, and what followed ? 324. What great German reformers buvned by this council ? 325. What rites established 1438, A. D. 1 320. What is said of the history of the CHURCH IN THE WILDERNESS, after the establishment of the inquisition? 327. Who was Reinerius ? 328. When was he sent against the Waldenses? 329. What does he say of them ? 330. What is said of their doctrines ? 331. What was the condition of ITALY, during the first forty years of this division ? 332. What cities become important about the beginning of this division ? 333. What were their governments ? 334. When were they founded ? 335. By what are they greatly enriched ? 336. Who became king of Italy 1003, and what followed? ITALV, MAHOMETANS. 55 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 337. What took place the next year 1 338. What conquest made in Italy, 1041, A. D., and by whoml 339. Who was the first duke] 340. Who succeeded William, as dukeT 341. Who came upon the throne of Italy, 1106, A. D. ] 342. What study revived about the middle of this century? 343. Who invaded Italy several times tov^^ards the last of this century 1 344. What cities did he capture 1 345. W^hat peace 1183, and w^hat is said of it? 346. Who came npon the throne of Sicily, 1197, A. D., and what is said of him 1 347. What two powers were several times at war this century 1 348. Who came upon the throne of the Sicilies, 1265, A. D., and what is said of him 1 349. What noted divine flourished towards the last of this century ? 350. What massacre took place 1282, A. D. ? 351. Who at this time added Sicily to his dominions? (See Arragon.) 352. Who at this time reigned in Germany, France, England, and Scotland ? 353. What remarkable invention soon after in Italy, and date? 354. What is said of the condition and prosperity of Italy, this century ? 355. What celebrated poet flourished in the early part of this century ? SS6. What two noted literary characters soon after the middle of iVi^ century ? 357. Wha\--elebrated house gained the ascendency in Florence, towards the i^^t of this century? 358. What is said of this city soon after ? 359. What was the state of Italy during the next century ? 360. Who began to rule in rvorence, 1429, A. D., and who in 1466? 361. What wars mentioned in Italy, laiq century? 362. What literature was much cultivated i«v Italy by the mid- dle of this century ? 363. Into what other countries was it soon after introi-iced ? 364. What celebrated scholars flourished among the MAHOM- ETANS, at the beginning of this division? 365. What improvement introduced by the Saracens into Eu- rope, about 1000, A. D. ? 56 MAHOMETANS, MOGUL TARTARS. [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 3GG. When was Bagdad taken from the Saracens by the Turks 1 3G7. What is said of the power of the caliphs, from this time? 3G8. How many Turkish sultannies were erected between 1055 and 1080, A. DA 3G9. What took place 1065, A. D. 1 370. What is said of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem, towards the last of this century 1 371. What tremendous wars followed, and what was the object of these wars 1 372. When was Jerusalem finally rescued from the Mahome- tans 1 373. Who led the Turks, when they were defeated at the siege of Nice? 374. Who defeated the Turks, 1098, A. D., and what was the number of their army 1 375. When was the second crusade proclaimed against the Mahometans "^ 37G. What European sovereigns led armies against them 1 377. Wliat was the fate of these armies? 378. What is said of the power of the crusaders, 1150, A. D. ? 379. What did the second crusade cost Europe? 380. Who became sultan of Egypt, 1171, A. D., and what was his character ? 381. What countries did he subdue? 382. What conquest did he make, 1187, A. D.? 383. What sovereign headed the third crusade, and what city did betake, 119f, A. D. ? 384. What is further mentioned the same year? 385. What took place at the death of Saladin? 386. Who soon after conquered Egypt, and about b-^^v long did they rule ? 387. Who were the Mamelukes originallj- ■ 388. What conquest did they make^i^^G8, A. D. ? 389. What city did they capture ^-9^ A. D., and what kmg- dom ended here ? 390. What o-reat sov't^ign of the MOGUL TARTARS, had a short time°bef^'^^ this, ravaged Asia? 391. W^hat conquests did he make previous to entering Persia? 392. A* what date did he enter Persia, and how long was he in subjecting it? 393. In what direction did he next march ? 394. How was his kingdom divided ? 395. What did his empire include ? MOGUL TARTARS, TARTARS, TURKS. 67 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 396. What is said of Ougtai Khan, one of his successors'? 397. What is said of Batu Khan 1 398. In what great battle did he defeat the Poles 1 399. What was the ccuse of the decline of the Mogul power 1 400. Who founds the new empire of the TARTARS? 401. What is said of his family 1 402. About how long after Genghis' invasion of Persia, before Tamerlane founds his empire J 403. What is said of him 1334, A. D. 1 404. What does he do 1393, A. D. 1 405. What is said of him three years after this? 406. What 1398, A. D. ] 407. What took place 1402, A. D. T 408. Tn what battle did he defeat the Turks ? 409. What was the cause of the destruction of his empire? 410. What did his empire include? 411. Who founded the new empire of the TURKS, and when? 412. Who succeeded Othman, and what did he make his capital ? 413. What conquests did he make 1330-31, A. D.? 414. Whom did he marry ? 115. Who was John Cantacusenus ? (See Eastern Empire.) 416. Who succeeded Orchan? 417. What is said of him two years after he came upon the throne? 418. Who succeeded Amurath L? 419. What took place 1390, A. D? 420. With what other great conqueror did Bajazet come in contact? 421. What great battle, when, and what was the result? 422. What was the state of Turkey, ten years after this battle? 423. Who then came upon the throne ? 42 1. Who succeeded ^Iahomet I. ? 425. What attempt did Amurath II. make 1422, A. D.? 426. Who succeeded Amurath II. ? 427. What great event took place two years after he came upon the throne, and what was the date of this event? 428. What privileges were granted to the citizens? 429. What further conquests were made by Mahomet II. ? 430. Who succeeded Mahomet 11., and what is said of him? EASTERN, OR GREEK EMPIRE. 431. Mention some of the sovereigns that flourished between 10 and 1100, A. D. 5S EASTERN EMPIRE, POLAND. [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 432. What event took place 105 1, A. D. 1 433. Who came upon the throne 1081, A. D. 1 434. W^hat is said of the state of the empire about the close of this century 1 435. Wlio was upon the throne at the time of the first crusade 1 43G. What is said of the empire during' the next century ] 437. Who ascended the throne 1118, A. D., and what was his character 1 438. Who succeeded him 1143, A. D., and with whom does he war ] 430. Who ascended the throne 1204, A. D. ] 440. About how long did Constantinople remain subject to the French or Latin emperors'? 441. Who ascended the throne on their expulsion 12G1, A. D. 1 442. Who succeeded Michael Paleologus] 443. What t^ok place the year before he came to the throne ? 444. What event is mentioned 1310, A. D. ? 445. What 1420, A. D., and what followed ] 446. Who succeeded Andronicus II. 1 447. Wlio succeeded Andronicus the Younger] 448. Who acted as regent 1 449. What is afterwards said of the condition of the empire? 450. By whom was Constantinople besieged 1422, A. D.I 451. When, and by whom, was it finally captured 1 452. Who was the first king of POLA.ND, and what is said of hiiTi ] 453. By whom was Poland governed previous to 1000, A. D. 1 454. Who ascended the throne 1079, A. D. 1 455. Who succeeded him 1102, A. D. ] 456. Who succeeded Boleslaus III., and what took place under his reign 1 457. Who succeeded Ladislaus II. 1 458. Who ascended the throne 1178, and what is said of him? 459. By whom were the Poles, together with the Teutonic order and dukes of Silesia, severely defeated 1241, A. D. 1 460. With whom did the Poles have severe contests during the early part of the next century 1 461. Who came to the throne 1333, A. D., and what is said of him 1 462. What warlike people were subjected during his reign 1 463. Who succeeded Cassimir III."? 464. Who succeeded Louis the Great? 465. What house came to the throne in the person of Ladislaus v.? POLAND, SWEDEN, DENMARK. 59 [From lOGO A. D, to 1500 A. D.] 466. What event took place the next year 1 467. What sovereigns of the powers that have been mentioned flourished at this time 1 468. What is said of Ladislaus V., 1411, A. D. ? 469. Who succeeded Ladislaus V., and what took place under his reign? 470. What war 1454—66, A. D. 1 471. What peace 1466, and what were the terms? 472. Who ascended the throne 1492, A. D. 1 473. What is said of the early history of SWEDEN? 474. About what time was Christianity introduced into Sweden and Denmark ? 475. Who were contending for dominion between 11 and 1200, A. D.? 476. What took place about 1250, A. D. ? 477. What about 1275, A. D. ? 478. What conquest was soon after made ? 479. Who came to the throne 1363, A. D. ? 480. What is said of him three years after ? 481. Who came to the throne of Sweden, 1388, A. D. ? 482. What followed, 1397, A. D.? 483. What were the terms of that union ? 484. About what time were these kingdoms again separated, and who then ascended the Swedish throne? 485. About what time were they again separated ? 486. Who was king of DENMARK, 1000, A. D. ? 487. W^hen did he invade England the second time, and when become king? 488. Who succeeded Sweyn, and what is said of him? 489. Who succeeded Canute II. ? 490. What followed under the next king ? 491. Who were at this time sovereigns of Germany, France, England, and the E. Empire? 492. What is said of the condition of Denmark? 493. What event mentioned 1105, A. D. ? 494. Who ascended the throne 1157, A. D., and what is said of him ? 495. Who reigned, cotemporary with Waldemar I., over the principal powers that have been named ? 496. Who ascended the throne 1203, A. D., and what is said of him? 497. What took place 1243, A. D. ? 60 DENMARK, SPAIN. [From 1000 A. D, to 1500 A. D.] 498. What new representations in parliament, 1280, A. D. I 499. Who was upon the throne 13G8, A. D. ] 500. Who then leagued against him, and what followed T 501. .Who ascended the throne 1387, A. D., and what is said of her] 502. What took place 1397, A. D. T 503. Who were the principal sovereigns that have been named cotemporary with Margaret? 501. What house came to the throne 1448, A. D. ? 505. What is said of the Mahometans in SPAIN, after 1000, A. D. ? 506. What saved them from being driven from its borders? 507. Who became king of Spain about 1000, A. D.? 508. In how many divisions did he leave his dominions ? 509. Who had Castile? 510. What addition did he soon after make to his kingdom, and how 1 511. Who succeeded him? 512. Wiiat knightly hero flourished under Alphonso VI., and what is said of him 1 513. Name some of the principal characters cotemporary with Alphonso VI. 1 514. Who succeeded him, and whom did she marry? 515. With whom did she make war? 516. Who succeeded her, and what is said of him ? 517. Who became king of Castile 1158, A. D., and what is said of him ? 518. What took place 1236, A. D. ? 519. Wlio came to the throne 1252, A. D., and what is said of him ? 520. What prominent characters flourished cotemporary with him? 521. What is said of Ferdinand IV., soon after 1300? 522. What facts mentioned during the reign of Alphonso XI. ? 523. Who succeeded Alphonso XI., when, and what followed ? 524. After having been driven from his throne, by whom was he restored ? 525. What struggles in Italy about this time ? 526. Who ascended the throne 1406, A. D. ? 527. Who governed John, and what followed ? 528. Who was appointed the successor of the next king ? 529. With what people were the kings of Castile and Leon often at war during this division? SPAIN, ENGLAND. 61 [From 1000 A. D. to 1500 A. D.] 530. With whom were the kings of Arragon often at war during the same time 1 531. What took place 1479, A. D. ? What kingdom com- mences herel 532. What great events took place soon after, and date? 533. What was the origin of the kingdom of PORTUGAL ? 534. Who succeeded Henry, as count? 535. What is said of Alphonso II., 1129, A. DJ 536. Who ascended the throne 1279, A. D. ? 537. Who came upon the throne 1385, A. D. 1 538. What took place during his reign"? 539. W^ho ascended the throne 1438, A. D., and what disco- veries made during his reign? 540. What is said of the report of these discoveries? 541. Who succeeded Alphonso V., the African? 542. What further discoveries took place, and date? Tentk Division, or Division of Light; Extends from 1500 A. D., or from the Reformation to the present time. 1. Who was upon the throne of ENGLAND, at the begin- ning of this division? 2. Who succeeded Henry VII., when, and at what age.? 3. W^hat is said of his character? 4. Who was upon the throne of Scotland, at the beginning of this division? 5. What battle 1513, and result? 6. What title did Henry receive, from whom, and for what? 7. What took place 1533, A. D. ? 8. What was the fate of Anne Boleyn? 9. How many wives had Henry VIII. ? 10. What is said of Henry, after opposing the reformation twenty years ? 11. Who succeeded Henry VIII., and what was his character? 12. W^hat is said of him? 13. WHiat religious denomination founded during his reign, and at what date ? 14. How long did Edward VI. reign? 15. Who succeeded him, and when? 16. What is Mary styled, and what is said of her? 17. What followed the next year? 18. What persecutions during his reign? F « [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 19. Who succeeded Mary, and when'? 20. What is said of the reign of Elizabeth? 21. What took place 1564, A. B.I 22. What 1585, A. D. ? 23. What 1586, and what the next year"? 24. What victory over the Spanish 1588, A. D.I 25. W^hat took place ei^ht years after this 1 26. What took place 1603, A. D.I 27. Who succeeded James IV., in Scotland? 28. Who ruled durinsr his minority? 29. Who succeeded James V., and at what age? 30. Where was she sent to receive her education, and what followed ? 31. Who urged on the reformation in Scotland ? 32. What took place 1560, A. D.? 33. Whom did Mary marry 1565, A. D., and what took place two years after? 34. What the next year? 35. What university founded by James VI. ? 36. When did James succeed to the throne of England 37. Was he still called James VI. of England? 38. What union took place on this event ? 39. What House came to the throne of England, in the person of James VI. of Scotland, and I. of England ? 40. About how long had the House of Tudor occupied the throne ? 41. Name some of the great characters who flourished during his reign, and the latter part of the reign of Elizabeth ? 43. What event noticed two years after James came to the throne of England? 43. What important translation made during his reign? 44. Who succeeded James I., and when ? 45. Wliat was the character of Charles I. ? 46. What took place the same year that he came upon the throne ? 47. What discovery about this time, and by whom? 48. What took place 1630, A. D. ? 49. What event mentioned eleven years after this ? 50- W^hat the next year after the execution of Stafford ? 51. What battles followed? 52. What event the next year after these battles? 53. What battle 1645, A. D., and result? 54. What events 1649, A. D. ? 55. What battle 1651, A. D., and result? ENGLAND. 63 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 56. What does Cromwell do 1653, A. D.l 57. What war followed soon after 1 58. What event of this war mentioned 1 59. Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell, and what did he do after a short reign ] 60. What event 1660, A. D. 1 61. Against what power was war declared four years after Charles II. came upon the throne ? 62. W^hat great poet flourished during the reign of Cromwell and of Charles II. ] 63. What pretended conspiracy 1678, A. D., and what fol- lowed 1 64. W^hat plot five years after this, and what followed 1 65. Who succeeded Charles II., 1685, A. D., and what was his character 1 66. What is further said of him and his court"? 67. What act passed two years after he came upon the throne 1 This act, passed by parliament, provides that every prisoner shall be brought before a judge, and the cause of his detainer certified, when the judge is bound to release him, if the cause of his imprison- ment is insufficient or illegal. 68. What great event took place the next year, and date 1 69. What is this event styled 1 70. What office did William fill before he became king. (See Holland.) 71. What period of English history begins here. 72. After James had returned to Ireland, where he was ac- knowledged king, what followed 1691, A. D. ? 73. What noted characters flourished about 1700, A. D. 74. W^ho succeeded William, and when"? 75. W^hat great war embroiled Europe at this time, and for what was it undertaken. (See France and Spain ) 76. What conquest made from Spain, 1704, A. D., and by whom 1 77. What three battles mentioned between 1704 and 1709, and result? 78. What is this war called in American history. (See America.) 79. What peace 1713, and what possessions ceded by France to Great Britain, by this treaty ] 80. Who succeeded Anne, and when? 81. What House came to the throne in the person of George I.? 82. What event the next year? 83. What strange proceeding referred to 1719, A. D. 1 64 ENGLAND. [From 1500 A. D. to 1800 A. D.] The avowed object of the proposers of tliis scheme was to consoli- date the nalio7ial debt. This was to be done by making the South Sea company the sole pubhc creditor. Stocks belonging to the com- pany sold for many times their value ; the government and Bank of England became deeply involved; next year "the bubble burst;" immense fortunes were made by some, while muhitudes were ruined. Several individuals were punished by parliament as projectors of the fraud. 84. Who succeeded George I., and when? 85. What war commenced, twelve years after he came to the throne 1 86. What took place 1745, A. D. 1 87. What battles followed, and result ? 88. What war soon after, and when did it begin, and what was its cause 1 89. Who succeeded George II., and when 1 90. What important event mentioned the same year? 91. By whom had Quebec been taken the year previous'? (vSee America.) 92. What is this war called in American history 1 93. How did this close, and when? 94. What events mentioned in English history, two years after 1 95. What followed the extension of the stamp act to North America 1 (See America.) 96. What took place during the next two years'? 97. What was the etfect of this renewal of duties? 98. What followed, 17G8, A. D.? 99. What 1770, and what 1773, A. D.l 100. What events mentioned 1774, A. D. "? 101. Mention sonae of the principal events that transpired during the next nine years. 102. When did the American Colonies declare independence! 103. When was their independence acknowledged by England 1 104. Mention some of the principal statesmen of Great Britain, during the last half of this century 1 105. What other noted literary characters flourished ? lOG. What great revolution agitated Europe about the close of this century 1 107. What naval victory gained by the British, 1794, A. D. ■? 108. What 1797 and 98, A. D. ? 109. What rebellion in 1799 ? 110. What followed the next year, and what in 1803 1 111. What great naval victory gained by the English, 1805, A.D.? ENGLAND. 65 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 112. Whose ministry succeeded on Pitt's death, 18061 113. What other great statesman died the same year? 114. What ministry succeeded the next year? 115. What important act passed by parliament this year? 116. What war declared? 117. With whom was peace made the next year? 118. What ministry succeeded, 1810, A. D. ? 119. What is said of the middle and lower classes from 1813 to 1830? 120. What event took place 1811, A. D.? 121. What war began 1812, and with what enemy was peace made the same year ? 122. When was peace made with the United States, and when with France ? 123. Who succeeded George III., and when ? 124. Who acted as first ministers under George IV. ? 125. Wlio succeeded George IV. ? 126. Who acted as first ministers during his reign? 127. Who succeeded William IV.? 128. What event mentioned the same year? 129. Who was upon the throne of FRANCE at the beginning of this division, and what is said of him ? 130. What league formed in Italy against the French, 1510, A. D.? 131. With whom were the French at this time contending in Italy, and for what ? 132. How long did this contention last, and what was the result ? 133. Vv ho reigned in France during this struggle, and who in Spain? 134. Who reio-ned in England and Scotland cotemporary with Louis XII. f 135. Who succeeded Louis XII., and what was his character? 136. What event mentioned five years after Francis I. came upon the throne ? 137. With whom did he engage in war the next year? 138. What battle 1525, A. D., and result? 139. Who reigned cotemporary with Francis, in England and Scotland ? 140. Who succeeded Francis I. ? 141. What great theologian flourished during his reign? 142. Who reigned cotemporary with Henry III., in England and Scotland ? 143. W^ho succeeded Henry II., and what is said of him? 66 FRANCE. [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 144. Who reined in England and Scotland cotemporary with Francis IT. 1 145. Who succeeded Francis II., and when? 146. What other events mentioned this year? 147. Who reigned in England and Scotland cotemporary with Charles IX. ? 148. What event mentioned towards the close of his reign, and at what date 1 149. W^ho succeeded Charles IX., and what was his character? 150. What event mentioned the next year? 151. Who reigned in England and Scotland cotemporary with Henry III. 1 152. Who succeeded Henry III., and what was his character"? 153. What house came to the throne in the person of Henry IV.? 154. What is said of Henry IV., 1590, A. D. ? 155. What, three years after 1 156. What event mentioned 1598, A. D. ? 157. By what great statesman was Henry IV. aided, and what is said of his reign? 158. What put a stop to his reign? 159. Who reigned in England and Scotland cotemporary with Henry IV. ? 160. Who succeeded Henry IV.? IGl. What event mentioned 1627, A. D.? 162. Who acted as prime minister during the last eighteen years of the reign of Louis XIII. ? 163. W^hat other noted characters flourished during his reign? 164. Of what war was Germany at this time the theatre ? 165. After waging war against the protestants in France, with whom did Richelieu unite in this war? 166. What change in Italy about this time. (See Italy.) 167. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Louis XIII.? 168. Who succeeded Louis XIII., and at what age? 169. What victories gained daring the first three years of his reign ? 170. What claim did he institute 1667, A. D. ? 171. What war followed ? 172. What nation joined Holland ? 173. What was the condition of France, at the close of this war? 174. What event unfortunate for France, 1685, A. D., and what followed ? 175. How many protestants fled to Prussia, and what is said of them? (See Prussia.) FRANCE. 67 [From 1500 A. D. to 1815 A. D.] 176. What war followed soon after, and dale? 177. How were the powers of Europe divided 1 178. Who were generally successful ? 179. What was the cause of this war? (See Spain.) 180. Mention some of the battles fought, and result. (See Eng.) 181. Who headed the German forces in Italy, and with what success? (See Italy.) 182. What peace 1713, A. D., and what possessions did France then surrender to England 1 183. What peace the next year between France and the Ger- man Empire? (See Germany.) 184. What prominent literary characters flourished in France during the reign of Louis XIV.? 185. What sovereigns and literary characters in England co- temporary with him ? 186. W^ho succeeded Louis XIV. ? 187. W^hat schemes in Spain, 1717, A. D. ? (See Spain.) 188. What followed the next year? 189. With whom was war declared 1733, A. D. ? 190. What peace five years after? 191. What war soon after embroils the principal powers of Europe ? See Germany. 192. When does it begin, and end, and by what peace is it closed ? 193. What victories did the French gain during this war? 194. What war began eight years after the peace of Aix-la- Chapelle? 195. What was the cause of this war? (See England.) 196. What is this war called in American history? (See America.) 197. What alliance did the French make this year, and against whom was it directed ? 198. What war had commenced this year? (See Prussia.) 199. What took place 1760, A. D.? 200. What took place the next year? (See Spain.) 201. By what pence was the war closed, and when? 202. What noted writers flourished during the reign of Louis XV.? 203. What sovereigns and prominent literary characters in England, cotemporary with Louis XV.? 204. Who succeeded Louis XV. ? 205. What war began between England and America, soon after Louis XVI. came to the throne ? 206. By what peace was the war closed 1783, A. D. ? 68 FRANCE. [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 207. What had from the first been the situation of Louis XVI.? 208. What took place 1789, A. B.I 209. What the next year"? 210. What in 1792] 211. What events mentioned 1793, A. B.l 212. What was the union that took place between the principal powers of Europe this year, called 1 (See Portugal.) 213. By whom was the French fleet defeated 1794? (See England ) 214. What battle fought soon after Napoleon was appointed to the command of the army in Italy, and result 1 (See Italy.) 215. What took place in Italy, 1802, A. D. ] 216. By what celebrated admiral was the French fleet defeated 1798 and 1805, A. D., and in what battles? 217. What celebrated victories did Napoleon gain 1798 and 1799, A. D. ? (See Turkey.) 218. What one 1800, A. D. 1 (See Germany.) 219. When was he crowned emperor of France? 220. What noted victory did he gain over the emperors of Austria and Russia, 1805, A. D. 1 (See Austria.) 221. In what battle did he defeat the Prussians, 1806, A. D.l (See Prussia.) 222. Whom did he make king of Naples this year, and who of Holland 1 223. What confederation did he form this year 1 (See Germany.) 224. What peace next year with Prussia and Russia 1 (See Russia.) 225. Whom did Napoleon make king of Spain, on his invasion of that country 1808, A. D. 1 226. In what two battles did he defeat the Austrians the next year, and what peace followed 1 (See Austria.) 227. What took place 1812, A. D. 1 228. What great battle mentioned Sept. 7 1 (See Russia.) 229. How long after this before the French enter Moscow, and in what condition did they find it? 230. What followed, Oct. 18? 231. After his disastrous campaign to Russia, what great battle followed, 1813, A. D., and result? 232. What followed ? 233. Who headed the allies when they entered Paris ? (See Russia ) 234. Who was placed upon the throne on the banishment of Napoleon to Elba ? 235. What was the character of Louis XIII. ? FRANCE, GERMAN EMPIRE. 69 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 236. What great battle followed on the return of Napoleon from Elba, 1815, and what was the result? 237. What followed in July 1 238. Who succeeded Louis XVII. 1 239. What took place 1830, A. D. ? 210. Who succeeded Charles X. ? 241. Who was upon the throne of the GERMAN EMPIRE at the beginning of this division 1 242. What prominent literary character flourished under his reign 1 243. What great reformer, and when did he begin the reforma- tion? 244. W\ho was pope at this time, and w^ho were the sovereigns of France and England 1 245. Who became emperor of Germany two years after Luther began the reformation 1 24G. What events mentioned 1521, A. D.I 247. W'hat is said of Luther the next year? 248. What conquests did Charles V. make in 1527 and 1535"? 249. What took place 1529, A. D."? 250. What proportion of the Germans were protestant by 1536 1 251. What victory did Charles gain 1547, A. D. 1 252. What 1556? 253. Who succeeds Charles V., in Germany? 254. Who reigns in France and England cotemporary with Ferdinand I. ? 255. Who succeeds Ferdinand I., and what is said of him? 256. Who reigns in England and France cotemporary with Maximilian II.? 257. W^ho succeeds him, and with whom does he carry on war ? 258. What does he publish soon after 1600, A. D., and what is their effect ? 259. Who reigns in England and France cotemporary with Rodolph n. 260. Who succeeds Rodolph II.? 261. Who reigns in England and France cotemporary with him ? 262. Who succeeds TNIatthias, and what is said of him ? 263. When did the thirty years' war begin? 264. What took place 1620, A. D. ? 265. What league 1626, A. D. ? 266. Who was Gustavus Adolphus? 267. What victories did he gain in Germany 1 70 GERMAN EMPIRE. [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 268. What treaty 1635, and on what condition'? 269. What sovereigns and literary characters in England and France during this war 1 270. W^hat was* the effect of this war on Prussia 1 271. Who succeeded Ferdinand II. ? 272. What peace finally concluded this war, and when 1 273. What is said of the peace of Westphalia] 274. Who succeeded Ferdinand III.] 275. What league 1687, A. D. ] 276. What sovereigns and great literary characters in England and France, cotemporary with Leopold ] 277. Who succeeded Leopold I. ] 278. What noted philosopher flourished during his reign] 279. What was the state of Europe during his reign] 280. What is said of prince Eugene, the leader of his forces, 1706, A. D.] (See iialy.) 281. Who were reigning in England and France during his reign ] 282. Who succeeded Joseph I. ] 283. What peace soon after, and what were the conditions] 284. What does he do 1720, A. D., and what follows ] 285. Who succeeded Charles VI., and by whose aid was he elected ] 286. Who succeeded Charles VII., and by whose aid was he elected ] 287. When did the war of the Austrian succession begin, and end ] 288. How was this war terminated ] 289. What celebrated church historian flourished during this war] 290. Who became co-regent with Francis I., 1765, A. D. ] 291. What is said of literature, and literary characters, in Ger- many, at this time ] 292. What followed on the death of Maria Theresa ] 293. Who reigned in England and France, cotemporary with Joseph 11. ] 294. Who succeeded Joseph II. ] 295. Who reigned in England cotemporary with Leopold II. ] 296. What event mentioned 1793, A. D. ] 297. What peace followed 1797, A. D., after the invasions of the French, and what were the terms of that treaty ] 298. What battle mentioned 1800, A. D., and result] 299. What peace the next year ] 301. What event mentioned 1803, A. D. ] GERMAN EMPIRE, PRUSSIA. 71 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 302. What 1804, A. D. ? 303. What battle 1805, A. D., and result, and what peace fol- lowed ] 304. What confederation 1806 to 1813? 305. On Bonaparte's invasion of Russia, 1812, A. D., what part did the Austrians take? 306. With whom did they declare war, after his invasion? 307. In what great battle was Napoleon soon after overthrown? (See France.) 308. What congress of the European powers, 1814, A. D. ? 309. What took place in Germany, 1816, A. D. ? 310. When was PRUSSIA erected into a duchy, and by whom? 311. Under what nation did Albert hold Prussia as a fief? 312. What other important event noticed here? 313. Who administered the government of Prussia during the first part of the next century ? 314. What effect had the thirty years' war upon Prussia ? 315. Who obtained the government of Prussia, 1640, A. D., and from whom did he receive it? 316. What took place at the peace of Westphalia ? 317. What event, fortunate for Prussia, took place 1685, A. D.? 318. Who reigned in Germany, France, and England, cotem- porary with Frederic William the Great? 319. Who succeeded Frederic William as duke? 320. What followed, 1701, A. D. ? 321. What sovereigns and literary characters in Germany, France, and England, cotemporary with Frederic I.? 322. In what war was Europe involved during his reign? 323. Who succeeded Frederic I. ? 324. What is said of Frederic William I. ? 325. What of his army? 326. What was the state of the country under Frederic I., and Frederic William I. ? 327. What sovereigns in England, France, and Germany, cotemporary with Frederic William I.? 328. Who succeeded Frederic William I., and what was his character ? 329. What war was carried on during his time, and when did it begin and end ? 330. What conquest did he make from Austria ? 331. What was the result of this war upon Prussia? 332. What war soon after, and when did it begin? 333. What was the cause of the seven years' war ? 72 PRUSSIA, PAPAL CHURCH, ITALY. [From 1500 A. D, to 1845 A. D.] 334. What powers were united in this war against Prussia 1 335. Wiiat took place 1772, A. D. 1 336. What sovereigns and noted characters in England, France, and Germany, cotemporary with Frederic II. ] 337. Who succeeded Frederic II. 1 338. W^ho reigned in England, France, and Germany, cotem- porary with Frederic William 11. ] 339. Who succeeded Frederic William II. 1 340. What war began soon after he came to the throne ] 341. In what great battle was he defeated ? 342. What followed, 1812, A. D. ? 343. What took place at the congress of Vienna] 344. What, 1815, A. D. 1 345. What noted pope began to reign over the PAPAL CHURCH, 1503, A. D.] 346. What league formed by him, and for what purpose 1 (See Italy.) 347. W^ho was pope at the time Luther began the reformation? 348. What did he do, 1520, A. D. ? 349. What took place, 1540, A. D. 1 350. What council, 1545, A. D.? 351. For what was the pontificate of Gregory XIII. remarkable ? 352. Who became pope, 1769, A. D., and what is said of h'lml 353. Who succeeded Clement XIV. 1 354. What followed, 1798, A.B.I 355. Who succeeded Pius VI., and what is said of him, 1809, A. D. ] 356. What took place, 1814, A. D. ] 357. What is said of the efforts of the Roman Catholics, since the restoration of the Jesuits 1 358. What was going on in ITALY, from 1500 to 1540? 359. What league, 1510, A. D., and for what purpose? 360. What noted writer flourished about this time? 361. How did the contest between the French and Spanish in Italy, end ? 362. What duchy established, 1579, A. D. ? 363. What noted philosopher mentioned in Italy, during the early part of the next century ? 364. What war between 1628 and 1631, A. D.? 365. What follows? 366. When were the French driven out of Italy, and by whom ? 367. What war was at this time raging in Europe ? ITALY, SPAIN. 73 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 368. Who were at this time the sovereigns of England, France, Germany, and Prussia ] 3G9. What conquest made in Italy, 1741 — 45, A. D. "? 370. What war among the European powers at this time? 371. W^hat was the state of Italy, after this war ] 372. What battle soon after Napoleon was appointed to the command of the army in Italy? 373. What republic founded the next year? 374. What republic, 1802, A. D. T 375. What followed, 1805, A. D.? 376. Who were upon the throne of SPAIN, at the beginning of this division'? 377. What great discovery had just been made under their protection, by whom, and when "? 378. What important conquest the same year? 379. What event mentioned 1501, A. D. ? 380. What followed the death of Isabella, 1505, A. D. 1 381. Who succeeded to the throne on the death of Ferdinand? 382. What relation was Charles to Isabella] 383. At what date, and at what age, did he ascend the throne? 384. To what throne was he soon after elected, and what was he styled ? 385. What claim had he to the German throne ? (See Germany.) 386. What great reformation during his reign? 387. What conquests in America by the Spaniards? 388. What house came upon the Spanish throne, in the person of Charles v.? * 389. W^hat is said of the comparative influence of Spain, towards the close of his reign ? . 390. In what struggle was Spain engaged in Italy, during what time, and what was the result? 391. What did Charles do after a reign of forty years? 392. What was the character of Philip II. ? 393. What battle soon after he came to the throne, and result? 394. What peace 1559, A. D. ? 395. W^hat country subdued by him ? 396. What revolt about the same time? 397. By whom v/ere the Hollanders aided in their struggle? 398. What great armament fitted out at this time, and with what success? 399. What noted literary character lived during his reign and that of his successor ? G 74 SPAIN, HOLLAND. [From 1500 A. D. to 1S45 A. D.] 400. Name the sovereigns of P^ngland, France, and Germany, during the reign of Philip II. 401. Who succeeded Philip II., and when T 403. What was the character of Philip III. ] 403. Wliat event 1G09, A. D. 1 404. Name the prominent characters and events in England, France, and Germany, cotemporary with Philip III. 405. WliD succeeded Philip III., and what is said of his character, and his reign ? 406. What is said of the condition of Spain, during the early part of this century 1 407. What is its state towards the close of this century 1 408. With what nations was Spain at war, during the first half of the century 1 409. What sea fight, 1639, and result? 410. With what defeats did the Spaniards meet, between 1643 and 1646, A. D. 1 (See France.) 411. Who came to the throne of Spain, 1700, A. D., and what war followed ] 412. Give some account of this war. 413. What house came to the throne in the person of Philip Y.I 414. What followed, 1717, A. D. ? 415. What the next yearl (See France.) 416. W^hat prominent characters cotemporary with Philip V.l 417. What event noticed, 1761, A. D. ? 418. What 1793, A. D.'? 419. What, 1796, A. D. ? 420. What defeat, 1800, A. B.I 421. Who succeeds to the throne, 1808, A. D., and what follows 1 422. Whom did Napoleon place upon the throne? 423. What took place, 1814, A. D. 1 424. What, 1835, A. D.? 425. During whose reign, and for what cause, did HOLLAND revolt from Spain? 426. Who was first elected stadtholder? 427. Who was elected after the assassination of William ] 428. From whom did the Dutch receive aid? 429. What noted character flourished 1600, A. D.? 430. What other celebrated characters cotemporary with Ar- minius ? 431. What celebrated Dutch writer flourished towards the mid- dle of this century ? HOLLAND, NAPLES, PORTUGAL. 75 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 432. What prominent characters cotemporary with Grotiusl 433. What war about the middle of this century'? 434. What was the state of Holland, at this time? 435. W^hat began, 1672, A. D., and what followed] 43G. W^hat is said of the stadtholder, William III., 1689, A. B.I 437. What claim had he to the English throne 1 438. What prominent characters cotemporary with himl 439. What noted Dutch physician soon after 1700, A. D. 1 440. What is said of Holland towards the middle of this century ] 441. What change in the government, 1747, A. D.I 442. What war, 1780, A. D. ? 443. What event mentioned, 1793, A. D. ] 444. Under whom did the French invade Holland, 1795, A. D.I 445. What republic was formed on the conquest of Holland 1 446. Who was kinor, 1807—10, A. D.I 447. What followed, 1814 and 15, A. D. ? 448. What power proclaimed independent, 1831, A. D., and who is king 1 449. W^hat is said of NAPLES, 1707, A. D. 1 450. During what war was this 1 451. About how long was this, since its conquest by Ferdinand of Spain] 452. About how long since the acquisition of Sicily by John, the predecessor of Ferdinand 1 453. Who completed the conquest of Naples, 1735, A. D. ? 454. What house came to the throne at this time 1 455. Give the principal events in the history of Naples and Sicily, since this time ] 456. Who was king of PORTUGx\L, at the beginning of this division 1 457. What discoveries had just been made by the Portuguese 1 458. Wliat calamity about 1520, A. D. 1 459. What event, 1540, A. D.? 460. W^hat was at this time the commercial state of Portu- gan 461. What is said of Lisbon 1 462. What of the next king 1 463. W^hat of the prosperity of Portugal, during his reign? 464. What event, 1580, A.D.I 465. How long were the Portuguese subject to Spain 1 466. What took place, 1640, A. D.I 467. What house here succeeds to the throne? 76 PORTUGAL, DENMARK. [From 1500 A. D. to 1815 A. D.] 468. Name some of the prominent kings previous to the French revolution 1 469. What took place, 1793, A. D.I 470. What events mentioned, 1807, A. D. 1 471. What took place, 1811, A. D. ? 472. Who was upon the throne of DENMARK and Sweden, at the beginning of this division? 473. Who succeeded John I., and what is he styled ? 474. What is said of him ? 475. Who revolted about the time of his deposition T 476. Who succeeded Christian III., and what is said of himi All. What power united with Denmark, 1533, A. D.l 478. Who succeeds to the throne the next year, and what is said of him ] 479. Who succeeds Christian III., and what is said of him"? 480. What prominent characters cotemporary with Frederic II. ? 481. What peace declared during his reign] 482. Who succeeded Frederic II. ] 483. What is said of Christian IV., 1625, A. D. 1 484. What is said of manufactures, &c., about this timel 485. Who succeeds Christian IV. ] 486. What events mentioned, 1660, A. D.T 487. What prominent ciiaracters cotemporary with Frederic III.'? 488. Who succeeded him, 1670, A. D. "? 489. What prominent characters cotemporary with Christian V.? 490. W^ho succeeded Christian V., and about what time] 491. What is said of Frederic IV. T 492. What is said of manufactures, during his reign? 493. What was the condition of the country ? 494. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Frede- ric IV. 495. Who succeeds Frederic IV., and what is said of him? 496. What prominent characters cotemporary with Christian VI.? 497. Who succeeds Christian VI., and what is said of his character and his reign? 498. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Frede- ric V. 499. Who succeeds Frederic V., and what is his character? 500. What took place, 1801, A. D.? 501. What, 1807, A. D. ? 503. Who succeeded to the throne, 1808, A. D., after having been twenty-three years regent? SWEDEN. 77 [From 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 503. With what power was SWEDEN united at the beginning of this century I 504. What took place, 1522, A. D. ] 505. About how long had it been since the formation of the union of Calmar 1 50G. What event mentioned, 1528, A. B.I 507. Wliat is further said of the country during the reign of Gustavus Vasa 1 508. What house came to the throne, 1522, A. D. 1 509. What prominent characters cotemporary with Gustavus Vasa 1 510. Who succeeded to the throne, 1611, A. D., and what is said of him 1 511. What war began in Germany soon after he ascended the throne ] 512. What did he do, 1530, A. D. ] 513. What battles did he fight, and what was the result of each 1 (See Germany.) 514. What prominent characters cotemporary with Gustavus Adolphus ] 515. What is said of Sweden towards the last of this century? 516. Who came to the throne, 1697, A. D., and at what agel 517. What battle, 1700, A. D., and result? 518. What battle did he gain the next year? 519. In what battle was he finally defeated ? (See Russia.) 520. Who succeeded Charles XII.? 521. What was the state of Sweden, towards the middle of this century ? 522. W^ho came to the throne, 1751, A. D., and what was his character? 523. What house ascended the throne in the person of Adol- phus Frederic ? 524. Wliat celebrated character flourished in Sweden during his reign ? 525. W^hat is said of Sweden, 1800, A. D. ? 526. What followed the next year? 527. W^hat war, 1808, and what followed? 528. What peace, 1810, A. D., and what marshal of France elected crown prince ? 529. What war, 1818, A. D.? 530. What country taken from Denmark and united to Sweden, 1814, A. D.? 531. What followed, 1818, A. D. ? g2 78 POLAND. [Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 532. Who was upon the throne of POLAND, at the beginning of this division ? 533. Who succeeded John Albert, 1501, A. D. ] 534. With what nations was he at war? 535. What prominent characters cotemporary with Alexander 1 536. Who succeeded him, and about what time ] 537. What is said of Sigismund LI 538. Wliat is the condition of Poland, during the latter part of his reign 1 539. What noted characters cotemporary with Sigismund L ] 540. Who succeeded him 1 541. What noted characters cotemporary with Sigismund IL] 542. What followed on the death of Sigismund IL, 1572, A. D.] 543. What is said of the state of the government from the time of Sigismund IL 1 544. Wiiat war began about IGOO, A. D., and how long did it last ] 545. What look place, 1610, A. D. ] 546. Wliat is said of the Poles in Russia, this year] (See Russia.) 547. What followed, 1632, A. D. ? (See Russia.) 548. Who ascended the throne of Poland, 1648, A. D. "? 549. What victory did he gain the next year? 550. What conquest made in Poland, during the reign of Mi- chael, 1672, and what followed ] (See Turkey.) 551. What victory did his grand marshal, Sobieski, gain the next year? 352. How long after this victory before Sobieski is created king, and what is said of him 1 553. What prominent characters cotemporary with John Sobi- eski 1 554. W^ho succeeded him ? 555. Who came upon the throne of Sweden the same yearl 556. What followed on his making war against Charles XIL, of Sweden? 557. How long after the deposition of Frederic L, 1704, A. Do, before he was restored ? 558. After what celebrated battle was he restored ? (See Russia.) 559. What followed, 1715—17, A. D. ? 560. What massacre, 1724, A. D. ? 561. What was the state of Poland at this time? 562. What took place, 1772, A. D.? 563. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Fred.L POLAND, RUSSIA. 79 [Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] Poland was at this time divided between Prussia, Austria and Russia. 564. What took place, 1793, A. D., and what followed the next year 1 565. What took place, 1795, A. J).1 566. What took place, 1812, A. D., and what followed three years after 1 567. What events mentioned, 1830, A. D. ? 568. What followed the next year? 569. Who was upon the throne of RUSSIA, at the beginning of this division 1 570. About how long had he reigned? 571. What is said of the history of Russia, previous to 1500, A. D.? 572. To whom had the Russians for some time been subject 1 573. What is said of John IV., 1544, A. D.f 574. What event, 1571, A. D.I 575. What event mentioned, 1581, and what 1610, A. D.I 576. W^hat house ascended the throne, 1613, A. D.] 577. What war renewed soon after, and what followed 1 578. What is said of the condition of Russia, during the last half of this century 1 579. Who began to reign, 1682, A. D. "? 580. Who acted as regent? 581. What was Peter afterwards styled 1 582. What is said of him, 1497, A. D. 1 583. By whom was he several times defeated 1 584. In what battle was he defeated, 1700, A. D.I (See Sweden.) 585. W^hat battle, 1709, A. D., and result^ 586. What is further said of Peter the Great"? 587. What prominent characters and events cotemporary with Peter the Great] 588. What is said of Russia about the time of the close of this reign ] 589. Mention some of his successors during the next 15 years. 590. Who ascended the throne, 1741, A. D., and what was her character] 591. What is said of her] 592. What prominent characters cotemporary with her ] 593. What followed, soon after the accession of her successor, Peterlll. of Holstein] 594. Who was reigning in Russia, 1800, A. D. ] 695. What Russian general enters Italy this year] 80 RUSSIA, TURKEY. [Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 596. What followed, 1801, A. D. ? 597. Who ascended the Russian throne, 1801, A. D.l 598. What peace, 1807, and w hat war declared soon after, and on what account ] 599. What took place, 1812, A. D. 1 600. What is said of Alexander, 1814, A. D., and what the next year ] 601. Name the prominent characters cotemporary with Alex. 602. Who succeeded Alexander, and what is his character'? 603. What war, between 1828 and 1833? 604. Who w^as upon the throne of TURKEY, at the beginning of this division] 605. W^hat noted characters cotemporary with Bajazet II. ? 606. W^ho succeeded Bajazet II., and what is said of himl 607. What conquests did he make, 1516 — 17, A. D.I 608. What prominent characters cotemporary with Selim ? 609. Who succeeds Selim 1. 1 610. What conquest two years after he ascended the throne? 611. What took place, 1529, A. D. ? 612. What followed three years after? 613. What is said of the Turkish navy, during the reign of Solyman? 614. What prominent characters cotemporary with Solyman I. ? 615. Who succeeded Solyman L, and what was his character? 616. What conquest did he make from the Venetians, 1571, A. D., and what followed the same year 1 617. What took place, 1590, A. D. ? 618. What victory did Mahomet gain, 1597, A. D.l 619. What war, 1601—18, and what is said of it? 620. Who ascended the throne, 1623, A. D., and what was his character 1 621. What conquest did he make from Persia, 1638, A. D. 1 622. What prominent characters cotemporary with Amurath IV.? 623. What island is retaken from the Venetians, 1669, A. D. ? 024. What conquest made by the Turks, 1672, A. D., and what followed ? 625. What is said of Michael, the next year? (See Poland.) 626. After repeated defeats for several years, what is said of the Turkish power about 1700, A. D. ? 627. What is said of them, 1731—35, A. D.? 628. Who was upon the throne, at the beginning of the French revolution ? TURKEY, PERSIA, CHINA, AMERICA. 81 [Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 629. What battles followed, 1798—99, A. D. ] 630. What revolt from Turkish oppression, 1822, A. D., and what followed "? 631. What took place, 1826, A. D. ? 632. What is now the condition of the Turkish empire 1 633. When did GREECE declare independence, and what followed ] 634. Where were the Greeks soon after massacred ] 635. What took place the next year? 636. What is said of the comparative naval power of the Greeks and Turks 1 637. What followed the landing of the Egyptians in the Moreal 638. What battle closed the war, and what was the result 1 639. Who ascended the throne of PERSIA, 1501, A. D., and what is said of him "? 640. What prominent characters cotemporary with Ismael 1 641. Who ascended the throne, 1586, A. D., and what is said of himf 642. What prominent characters cotemporary with Abbas I. ? 643. W^hat is said of Persia under his reign, and what during the reign of his successors'? 644. What is said of the successor of Abbas I. ? 645. What is said of Thamasp Kouli Khan % 646. What followed after his death ? 647. By what dynasty was CHINA ruled after the expulsion of the Mogul Tartars ? 648. By whom are the Chinese next subdued, and about what time] 649. What sect have the ascendency in China, at this time? 650. W^hat followed, 1664, and what 1692, A. D.? 651. What arrival in China, 1705, A. D. ? 652. What followed soon after 1 653. W^ho ascended the throne of the empire, 1735, A. D. 1 654. What event mentioned during his reign? 655. Who succeeded him, 1796, A. D. ? 656. What followed during his reign? 657. Who succeeded Kia King, and when? 658. W^hat important event since mentioned, and when? 659. When, and by whom, was AMERICA discovered ? (See Spain.) 660. About how long after the discovery of America, before the first permanent settlement by the English ? [Between 1500 A. D, and 1S45 A. D.] 661. Date of the foundation of Jamestown, in Virginia 1 662. How long- was tiiis after the union of England and Scot- land ? 663. Name the prominent characters living at the time of this event] 664. When, and by whom, was New York settled ] 665. What followed, 1656, A. D., and what eight years after] 666. What state settled, 1620, A. D., and by whom] 667. What war began two years before this event] 668. What prominent characters flourishing at this time] 669. What four states settled within the next ten years, and by whom ] 670. What states settled, 1634—36, A. D., and by whom] 671. What Indians subdued, 1637, A. D. ] 672. What events noticed, 1638—39, A. D. ] 673. How long w^ere these events after the landing of the pil- grims ] (Puriians.) 674. What event, 1643, A. D. ] 675. Who ascended the throne of France the same year] 676. What state settled, 1650, A. D., and by whom] 677. What state settled, 1670, A. D., and by whom] 678. What constitution adopted ] 679. How long was this after the landing of the pilgrims] 680. What prominent characters flourished at this time] 681. What famous Indian chief slain, 1676, A. D. ] 682. What is said of New Hampshire, 1680, A. D. ] 683. Vv^hen, and by whom, was Pennsylvania settled ] 684. What is said of Massachusetts the same year] 635. What war began soon after, and what event mentioned during this war ] 686. What strange events noticed two years after the beginning of this war] 687. What war began, 1702, A. D. ] 688. What is this war called in European history ] (See France and Spain.) 689. Give some of the prominent events of the next twenty- five years ] 690. What state settled, 1733, A. D., and by whom ] 691. What war began, 1744, A. D., and what was at this time goinof on in Europe ] 692. What event mentioned the next year ] 693. When was this war renewed, and what defeat the same year] 694. What battles and captures during the next five years ] AMERICA. 83 [Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 695. What celebrated philosopher and statesman flourished at this time 1 696. What discovery did he make 1 697. What prominent characters in Europe at this time? 698. What celebrated institution founded, 1764, A. B.I 699. What event mentioned in English history, 1765, A. D. 1 (See England.) 700. What followed in the colonies the same year? 701. What events during the next five years? 702. W^hat event, 1773, A. D. ? 703. What followed the next year ? 704. W^hat, 1775, A. D. ? 705. When was independence declared ? 706. What are the prominent events mentioned during the next seven years ? 707. What took place, 1787, A. D. ? 708. W'hat took place, 1789, A. D. ? 709. What events the same year in France? 710. W^hat events mentioned during the first four years of Washington's administration? 711. Name the prominent characters and events in European history during this time. 712. What events mentioned during the second four years of Washington's administration? 713. Name the prominent events in the history of France during these four years. 714. Who were next elected to the offices of president and vice president? 715. What are the prominent events mentioned during the ad- ministration of John Adams ? 716. Who were next elected president and vice president, and when ? 717. What are the prominent events mentioned during the first four years of Jeff'erson's administration ? 718. Who was chosen vice president at Jefferson's second election ? 719. What events mentioned during the second four years of Jefferson's administration ? 720. Who were next elected president and vice president, and when? 721. What events mentioned during the first four years of Madison's administration ? 722. Who was elected vice president at Madison's second election ? 84 AMERICA. [Between 1500 A. D. to 1845 A. D.] 723. What events mentioned during the second four years of Madison's administration] 724. Who was next elected president, and who vice president ? 725. What events mentioned during the first four years of Monroe's administration? 726. What event during the second four years? 727. W'ho succeeded him as president, and who as vice presi- dent] 728. Give the principal events that transpired during the ad- ministration of J. Q. Adams. 729. Who succeeded Adams as president, and who as vice president? 730. Give the principal events of the first four years of his presidency. 731. Who was elected vice president on Jackson's second election ? 732. What events mentioned during the second four years of Jackson's administration? 733. Who succeeded him as president, and who as vice presi- dent? 734. What events mentioned during the administration of Van Buren? 735. Who was next chosen president, and when? 736. What followed soon after? 737. What events mentioned during the administration of president Tyler ? 738. Who was next elected president, and who vice president? 739. About how long from the first discovery of America by Columbus to the conquest of Mexico by Cortez? 740. What is said of this conquest? 741. How long was this before the landing of the Puritans at Plymouth ? 742. Name the prominent characters who lived at the time of the first conquest of Mexico ? 743. What mines soon after discovered ? 744. What country settled next after Mexico, and what are the circumstances of this settlement? 745. What other countries in South America settled during the next five years, and by whom ? 746. By whom was Brazil first settled, and under what circum- stances ? 747. What followed the next year ? 748. What took place, 1624—25, A. D. ? 749. How long was it subject to the Spaniards? AMERICA, GENERAL QUESTIONS. 85 [Between 1500 A. D. and 1845 A. D.] 750. What war was at this time going on in Europe 1 751. When was independence declared in New Grenada, and what followed ] 752. W^hat took place, 1813, A. D. ? 753. What is said of Bolivar, 1830, A. D. ? 754. What event transpired in Brazil, 1807, A. D. ? 755. What was the cause of this immigration of the royal family 1 (See Portugal.) 756. What is said of John, 1810, A. D. 1 757. W'hat government was soon after established 1 758. What took place in 1820, and what, 1831, A. D. ? 759. What is the number of inhabitants in Brazil at this time ? 760. W^hen did Mexico declare independence of Spain? 761. Who, at first, opposed the revolution? 762. W^ho was first elected president, 1829, A. D., and what followed ? 763. W^hat took place, 1833, A. D. ? 764. What change does Santa Anna make in the government? 765. Who succeeded Santa Anna as president? 766. Who succeeded Austin? 767. What state revolts from Mexico, 1836, A. D. ? 768. Who invaded Texas soon after, what fortress did he attack, and what was the result ? 769. What battle fought soon after, and what followed ? 770. What took place the next year after the declaration of independence ? 771. What was, at this time, the number of inhabitants in Texas? 772. What took place in Chili, 1816, A. D. ? 773. By whom was Chili freed ? 774. By what oflScers has Chili since been governed ? General Questions hetimen A. D. and 1000 A. D. 1. What nations flourishing at the time of the Christian era? 2. Give the outlines of the history of the Roman emperors, between A. D. and the time of Constantino. 3. Name the prominent literary characters during this time: tell about the time that each one flourished, and what is said of each. 4. Give the outlines of the history of the empire during the next century. 5. Give the outlines of the history of the church during this century. H 86 GENERAL QUESTIONS. [Betwen A. D. and 1000 A. D.] 6. Give the prominent events in the history of the western empire previous to its overthrow, and the changes that occurred in Italy between 400 and 1000, A. D. 1 7. Give the prominent events in the history of the eastern empire during this period. 8. Name the prominent characters and events in the history of Parthia and Persia, between A. D. and the conquests of Omar. 9. Give the outlines of the history of the Saracens, previous to 1000, A. D. 10. Of the Franks in France, previous to the establishment of the empire of Charlemagne ? 11. Ilie outlines of their history between 800 and 1000, A. D. 12. Give the principal events and characters in the history of Britain, previous to 1000, A. D. 13. Give the prominent events in the history of the Saxon Heptarchy. 14. When did Egbert become sole king of England 1 15. Give the outlines of the history of the Saxon kings, from this time to the accession of the Danish kings'? 16. What tribes overran Spain, 409, A. D., and what are the prominent events in the history of Spain, between this and 1000, A. D. ? 17. Give the outlines of the history of the church, between 400 and 600, A. D. 18. Of the papal church between 600 and 1000, A. D. 1 19. Of the church in the wilderness'? BctwecR 1000 A. D. ami the present time. 1. When did the Danish kings ascend the throne of England ? 2. Give the outlines of their history. 3. What kings succeeded them, and when'? 4. Give the outlines of the history of the Norman kings. 5. What house succeeded them, and when ? 6. About how long did the family of Plantagenet or Anjou occupy the throne of England '? 7. Give the outlines of the history of England during its reign. 8. What house succeeded them, and when 1 9. About how long did the house of Lancaster occupy the throne'? 10. Give the outlines of the history of England during its rcifjn. GENERAL QUESTIONS. 87 [Between ICOO A. D. and the present time.] 11. What family succeeded them, and when? 12. About how long did the house of York occupy the throne 1 13. Give the outlines of the history of England during its reign. 14. What house succeeded, and when? 15. About how long did the house of Tudor occupy the throne 1 16. Give the outlines of the history of England during its reign. 17. What house succeeded, and when? 18. About how long did the house of Stuart occupy the throne ? 19. Give the prominent events in the history of England during this time. 20. W^hat house succeeded, and when ? 21. Give the outlines of the history of England, since the accession of the house of Hanover. 22. Give the outlines of the history of Scotland. 23. Give the outlines of the history of the American colonies from the first settlement at Jamestown to the declaration of independence. 21. Give the history of the United States. 25. Give the outlines of the history of France, between 1000 and 1300, A. D. 26. During the Period of Invasions. 27. From 1500 to 1793, A. D. 28. Since 1793, A. D. 29. Of Germany previous to the accession of the house of Austria. 30. During the reign of the house of Austria. 31. Since the accession of the house of Lorraine. 32. Of the church in the wilderness previous to 1500, A. D. 33. Of the papal church previous to 1500, A. D. 31. Of the papal church since that time. 35. Of Italy. 36. Of Arragon. 37. Of Castile and Leon. 38. Of Spain since the union of Castile and Arragon 39. Of Holland after its revolt from Spain. 40. Of Portugal. 41. Of Denmark. 42. Of Sweden. 43. Of Poland. 44. Of Russia. 45. Of the Eastern or Greek empire. 88 GENERAL QUESTIONS. [Between 1000 A. D. and the present time.] 46. Of the Mahometans between 1000 and 1200, A. D. 47. Of the Moouls 48. Of the Tartars. 49. Of the Turks. 50. Of the Greeks since 1800. 51. Of Persia since 1500. 52. Of China in Modern times. See " Method of Teaching from the Chart.''^ A KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF NAMES MENTIONED ON THE CHART OF ANCIENT HISTORY. B. C. B. c. 1574. A'-a-ron. 849. Am-a-zi'-ah. 116.3. Ab'-don. 1491. A-men'-o-phis. 1060. A-bi'bal. 1498. Am-phic'-ty-on. 958. A-bi'-jah. 550. A-myn'-tas I. 1236. A-bim'-e-lech. 390. A-myn'-tas 11. 1062. A-bim'-e-Iech. 500. A-nac'-re-on, or A-na'- 1055. Ab'-ner. cre-on. 1996. A'-bra-ham. 640. An'-cus Mar'-ti-iis. 1023. Ab'-sa-lom. 43. An'-llio-ny, Antony. 1194. A-chil'-les. 278. An-tig'-o-nus, Go-na'- 4000. Ad'-am. tas. 570. ^'-sop. 232. An-tig'-o-nus, Do'- 1191. A^-a-mem'non. son. 394. Ag-es-i-la'-us. 40. An-tig'-o-nus. 918. A'-hab. 283. An-ti'-o-chus I., So'- 595. A-has-u-e'-rus. ter. 521. Ahas-u-e'-riis. 261. An-ti'-o-chus II., 464. A-has-u-e'-rus. Tiie'-os. 742. A'-haz. 223. An-ti'-o-chus III. 897. A-ha-zi'-ah. the Great. 885. A-ha-zi'-ah. 175. An-ti'-o-chus IV., 1194. A'-jax. E-piph'-a-nes. 620. Al-cae'-us. 69. An-ti'-o-chus XI IT., 570. A-Iee'-tas. A-si-at'-i-cus. 500. Al-ex-an'-der. 297. An-tip'-pus. 336. Al-ex-an'-der. 1984. Ap'-o-phis. 297. Al-ex-an'-der. 595. A'-pri-es. 105. Alex. Jan-nse'-us. 251. A-ra'-tus. 578. A-ma'-sis. H 2 89 90 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED B. C. B. C. 747. Ar-ba'-ces, or Ar'-ba-ces. 44. Bru'-tus 415. Ar-che-la'-us. 56. Cee'sar. 212. Ar-chi-me'-des. 670. Cam-by'-ses. 680. Ar-dy'-es. 528. Caui-by'-ses. 106. Ar-is-to-bu'-lus I. 390. Ca-mil'-lus. 67. Ar-is-to-bu'-liis II. 735. Can-dau'-les. 750. A-ris-to-de'-mus. 795. Car'-a-nus. 340. Ar'-is-to-tle. 317. Cas-san'-der. 690. Ar-gae'-us. 50. Ca-tul'-lus. 256. Ar-sa'-ces, or 1556. Ce'-crops. Ar'-sa-ces. 1348. Ce'-crops II. 217. Ar-sa'-ces II. 648. Chyn-i-Ia'-dan. 464. Ar-ta ba'-nus. 600. Chi'-lo. 200. Ar-la-ba'-nus. 63. Cic'-e-ro. 464. Ar-ta-xerx-'es. 470. Ci'-mon. 404. Ar-ta-xerx'-es, 456. Cin-cin-na'-tus Mne'-mon. 400. Cle-ar'-chus. 358. Ar-ta-xerx'-es III., 81. Cle-o-pa'-tra I O'-chus. 55. CJe-o-pa'-tra 11 955. A'-sa. 1069. Co'-drus. 207. As'-dru-bal. 770. Coe'-mis. 2217. Ash'-iir. 509. Col-la-ti'-nus. 595. As-ty'-a-ges. 482. Cor-i-o-la'-nus. 884. Ath-a-li'-ah. 776. Co-roe'-bus 28. Au-gus'-tus. 56. Cras'-sus. 809. Az-a-ri'-ah. 662. Cra3'-sus. 635. Cy-ax'-ares II. 953. Ba-a'-sha. 561. Cy-ax'-a-res I. 980. Ba-le-a'-zar. 559. Cy'-rus I. 1285. Ba'-rak. 400. Cy'-rus II. 747. Bel'-e-sis. 555. Bel-shaz'-zar. 555. Dan'-iel. 900. Ben'-ha-dad 11. 1480. Dar'-da-nus. 830. Ben'-ha-dad III. 521. Da-ri'-us. 65. Ber-e-ni'-ce. 423. Da-ri'-us. 307. Bo-mil'-car. 336. Ba-ri'-us. 390. Bren'-nus. 400. Ba'-tis. 509. Bru'-tus. 1069. Da'-vid. ON THE CHART OF ANCIENT HISTORY 91 1518. 1285. 710. 162. 146. 338. 870. 340. 624. 260. 1343. 1325. 930. 1452. 453. 1156. 900. 888. 371. 1398. 1449. 456. 386. 300. 430. 561. 600. 467. Deu-ca'-li-on. Deb'-o-rah. Dej'-o-ces. . De-me'-tri-vs. De-me'-tri-iis II. De-mos'-the-nes. Di'-do. Di-og'-e-nes. Dra'-co. Du-il'-li-us. Eg'-lon. E'-hud. E'-lah. E-le-a'-zer. E-li'-a-shib. E'-li. E-li'-jah. E-li'-sha. E-pam-i-non'-das. E-rech'-the-us. Er-ich-tho'-ni-us. Es'-ther. Eii'-clid. Eii'-clid. Eii-rip-i'-des. E'-vil Mer-o'-dach. E-ze'-ki-el. Ez'-ra. 280. Fa-bric'-i-us. Gid'-e-on. Go-li'-ath. Grac'-chus. Tib. Grac'-chiis. Cai'-us. Gy'-ges. 761. Hal-y-al'-tes. B. C. 482. 260. 218. 860. 1285. 1196. 37. 445. 500. 900. 726. 1070. 1055. 524. 524. 600. 15. 730. 672. 135. 1182. 1314. 1896. 760. 1055. 1910. •tus. Ha-mil'-car. Ha-iiiil'-car. Han-ni'-bal. Haz'-a-el. He'-ber. Hel'-en. Her'-od. He-rod'- o- Her-a-cli'-tus, He'-si-od. Hez-e-ki'-ah. Hi'-ram. Hi'-ram II. Hip'-pi-as. Hip-par'-chus. Ho'-mer. Hor'-ace. Hos-e'-a. Hos-til'-i-us. Hyr-ca'-niis. Ib'-zan. IlMus. I'-sa-ac. ]'-sai'-ah. Ish'-bo-shelh. Ish'-ma-el. 1314. Ja'-bin. 1837. Ja'-cob. 1285. Ja'-el. 1210. Ja'-ir. 175. Ja'-son. 896. Je-ho'-ram. 889. Je-ho'-ram. 914. Je-hosh'-a-phat. 840. Je-ho'-ash. 826. Je-ho'-ash. 609. Je-ho'-a-haz. 92 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED B. C. 609. Je-hoi'-a-kim B. c. 405. Ly-saii'-der. 598. Je-hoi'-a-kim. 301. Ly-sim'-a-chus. 413. Je-hoi'-a-da. 884. Je'-hu. 30. Ma3-ce'-nas. 1188. Jeph'-thah. 440. Mal'-a-chi. 625. Jer-e-mi'-ah. 697. Ma-nas'-seh. 975. Jer-o-bo'-am. 276. Ma-nas'-seh. 825. Jer-o-bo'-am II. 382. Man'-li-iis. 1531. Jelh'-ro. 479. Mar-do'-ni-us. 918. Jez'-e-bel. 100. Ma'-ri-iis. 1023. Jo'-ab. 1912. Mel-chiz'-e-dek. 840. Jo'-ash. 770. Men'-a-hem. 878. Jo'-ash 172. Meii-e-la'-us. 373. Jo-han'-nan. 1196. Men-e-la'-us. 800. Jo'-nah. 2188. Me'-nes. 1055. Jon'-a-than. 2188. Miz'-ra-im. 160. Jon'-a-than. 1577. Mi'-a-mum. 1745. Jo'-seph. 490. Mil-ti'-a-des. 1451. Josh'-u-a. 89. Mith-ri-da'-tes. 641. Jo-si'-ah. 156. Mith-ri-da'-tes I. 759. Jo'-tham. 1571. Mo'-ses. 165. Ju'-das. 341. Jad-du'-a. 626. Na-bo-po-las'-sar. 668. Ju'-dith. 954. Na'-dab. 111. Ju-gur'-tha. 606. Neb-u-chad-nez'-zar 616. Ne'-chus. 1853. Ke-tu'-rah. 455. Ne-he-mi'-ah. 560. Ner-i-glis'-sar. 1760. La'-ban. 207. Ne'-ro. 1260. La-om'-e-don 1194. Nes'-tor. 1760. Le'-ah. 2217. Nim'-rod. 480. Le-on'-i-das. 715. Nu'-rna. 43. Lep'~i-dus. 1920. Lot. 43. Oc-ta'-viu5?. 369. Lu'-ci-iis Sex'-tus. 929. Om'-ri. 130. Lu-ciF-j-us. 248. O-ni'-as. 509. Lu-cre'-ti-a. 400. O-res'-tes. 60. Lii-cre'-li-iis. 1405. Oth-ni'-el. 884. Ly-cur'-ffus. 1 ON THE CHART OF ANCIENT HISTORY. 9S B. C. B. C. 1438. Pan'-di-on. 1856. Re-bek'-ah. 1308. Pan'-di-on II. 255. Reg'-u-lus. 1196. Par'-is. 975. Re-ho-bo'-am. 423. Par-y-sa'-tis. ' 753. Rom'-u-lus. 479. Pau-sa'-ni-as. 390. Paii-sa'-ni-as. 773. Sa-dy'-a-tes. 771. Pe-ka-hi'-ah. 631. Sa-dv'-a-tes. 759. Pe'-kah. 40. Sal'-lust. 1307. Pe'-lops. 1120. Sam'-u-el. 720. Per-dic'-cas I. 1137. Sam'-son. 450. Per-dic'-cas II. 455. San-bal'-lat. 370. Per-dic'-cas III. 1040. San-co-ni'-a-tbon. 465. Per'-i-cles. 668. Sa-os-du-chi'-nus. 178. Per'-se-us. 610. Sap'-pho. 1700. Pha'-ra-oh. 1859. Sa'-rah. 420. Phar-na-ba'-ses. 648. Sa'-rac. 360. Phil'-ip. 771. Sar-dan-a-paMus. 324. Phil'-ip. 1095. Saul. 188. Phil-o-poe'-men. 1546. Sca-man'-der. 339. Pho'-ci-on. 203. Scip'-i-o. 656. Phra-or'-tes. 133. Scip'-i-o. 470. Piii'-dar. 312. Se-leu'-cus. 560. Pi-sis'-lra-tiis. 246. Se-leu'-cus 11. 360. Pla'-to. 226. Se-leu'-cus III. 140. Po-lyb'-i-us. 2100. Se-mir'-a-mis. 66. Pom'-pey. 712. Sen-na-che'-rib. 328. Po'-rus. 369. Sex'-tus Lu'-ci-us 1224. Pri'-a-mus. 728. Shal-ma-ne'-zar. 525. Psam-men'-i-tus. 771. Shal'-lum. 324. Ptol'-e-my. 1320. Sham'-gar. 284. Ptol'-e-my. 978. Shi'-shak. 246. Ptol'-e-my. 2000. Si'-don. 221. Ptol'-e-my. 299. Si'-mon. 880. Pyo--ma'-li-on. 143. Si'-mon. 280. Pyr'-rhus. 1285. Sis'-e-ra. 525. Py-lhag'-o-ras. 522. Smer'-dis. 420. Soc'-ra-tes. 1760. Ra'-chel. 424. Sog-di-a'-nus. 1577. Ram'-a-ses. 1015. Sol'-o-mon. 94 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED B. C. B. C. 594. So'-lon. 1194. U-lys'-ses 430. Soph'-o-cles. 809. Uz-zi'-ah. 73. Spar'-ta-cus 100. Syl'-la. 40. Var'-ro. 456. Vash'-ti. 616. Tar'-quin. 25. Vir^-gil. 534. Tar'- qui 11. 363. Te'-chos. 249. Xan-tip'-pus. 570. Tha'-les, 400. Xen'-o-phon. 480. The-mis'-to-cles. 485. Xerx'-es I. 534. Thes'-pis. 425. Xerx'-es II. 1825. Thet-mo'-sis. 400. Thu-cyd'-i-des. 840. Zech-a-ri'-ah. 750. Thu'-ry-mas. 772. Zech-a-ri'-ab. 747. Tig'-lath Pi-le'-ser. 596. Zed-e-ki'-ah. 420. Tiss-a-pher'-nes. 520. Ze-rub'-ba-bel 1233. To'-la. 941. Ze'-ra. 672. TulMus. 929. Zim'-i'i. 516. Zoph'-y-rus. A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 687 Abal-Malil 591 Agilulphus 1586 Abbas I 65 Agrippa 1643 Abbas II 81 Agricola 1732 Abbas III 570 Aidan Aldan 683 Abdallah 807 AI Amin 889 Abdalla 410 Alaric 755 Abderrahman I 1513 Albany 822 Abderrahman II 1363 Albert 912 Abderrahman III 1298 Albert I 1774 AbdalHamud 1438 Albert II 1250 Abel 1525 Albert 1125 Abelard 1560 Albert Frederic 749 Abul Abbas 568 Alboin 632 Abu Beker 194 Albinus 787 Achaius 222 Alexander Severus 1603 Achmet I 911 Alexander I 1691 Achmet II 1061 Alexander 11 1703 Achmet III 1159 Alexander III 1774 Achmet IV 1254 Alexander IV 615 Adaloadus 1409 Alexander V 1789 Adams John 1492 Alexander VI 1825 Adams J a 1655 Alexander VII 672 Adeodatus 1689 Alexander VIII 1291 Adolphus 1214 Alexander 11 1611 Adolphus Gustavus 1249 Alexander III 1751 Adolphus Frederic 1501 Alexander 117 Adrian 1801 Alexander 772 Adrian I 1081 Alexius I Comnenus 867 Adrian II 1180 Alexius II Comnenus 884 Adrian III 1203 Alexius IV 1154 Adrian IV 1645 Alexis 1521 Adrian VI 872 Alfred 1183 Adronicus II 831 Alpin 254 ^miUanus 1072 Alphonso VI 946 Agapetus TI 1000 Alphonso V 678 Agatho 1112 Alphonso I 95 96 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 1126 Alphonso VIII 1360 Amurath I 1158 Alphonso IX 1421 Amurath II 1104 Alphonso I 1574 Amurath III 1162 Alphonso II 1623 Amurath IV 1211 Alphonso II 491 Anastasius t 1246 Alphonso III 713 Anastasius II 1252 Alphonso X 912 Anastasius III 1285 Alphonso III 1153 Anastasius IV 1325 Alphonso IV 1183 Andronicus I Com 1312 Alphonso XI 1282 Andronicus II 1327 Alphonso IV 1328 Andronicus 1438 Alphonso 1185 Angeius Isaac 1656 Alphonso VI 1730 Anne 961 Alhakim 1491 Anne of Britany 660 Al Hasan 1533 Anne Boleyn 655 Ali 1702 Anne 991 A 1 Kader 138 Antoninus Pius 932 Al Kaher 161 Antoninus M A 1031 AlKaymen 584 Antharis 813 Al Mamun 712 Ansprandus 754 Al Mansor 698 Apsimarus 976 Almansor 1260 Aquinas Thomas 892 Al Motaded 395 Arcadius 868 Al Mohtadi 2 Archelaus 901 Al Moktasi 1003 Ardoin 907 Al Moktador 653 Aribertus I 939 Al Moktaki 700 Aribertus II 861 Al Montaser 316 Arius 865 Al Motaz 625 Ariovaldus 944 Al Moti 1600 Arminius 779 AlModi 887 Arnold 943 Al Mosktacsi 18 Artabanus III 862 Al Mostaim 81 Artabanus IV 869 Al Motamed 212 Artabanus V 833 Al Motasem 223 Artaxerxes 846 Al Motawakkel 508 Arthur 933 Al Radi 749 Astolphus 785 Al Raschid 412 Ataulphus 973 Al Tay 526 Athalaric 841 Al Wathek 335 Athanasius 900 Amarawdh 925 Athelstan 702 Amberkelelh 177 Afhenagoras 384 Ambrose 467 Athenius 465 Ambrosius 400 Augustine ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. A. D. 97 597 Austin or Augustin 1147 Bernard 475 Augustulus 1000 Bertha 1840 Austin 1290 Birger 1000 Avicenna 1656 Blake 455 Avitus 1815 Blucher 1360 Boccaccio 1600 Bacon Sir Francis 1700 Boileau 1260 Bacon Roger 1000 Boleslaus I 1389 Bajazet I 1058 Boleslaus II 1481 Bajazet II 1102 Boleslaus III 238 Balbinus 1146 Boleslaus IV 1204 Baldwin I 1227 Boleslaus V 1228 Baldwin II 1813 Bolivar 1285 Baliol 1797 Bonaparte 1634 Baltimore 1806 Bonaparte Josep 1152 Barbarossa 1807 Bonaparte Louis 867 Basil I 606 Boniface III 976 Basil II 607 Boniface IV 366 Basil 618 Boniface V 1236 Batu Khan 1294 Boniface VIII 1700 Bayle 1389 Boniface IX 1379 Beatrice 1567 Bothwell 1170 Becket 1836 Bowie 700 Bede 1690 Boyle 534 Belisarius 1755 Braddock 683 Benedict II 1575 Brahe Tycho 855 Benedict III 1306 Bruce 900 Benedict IV 1285 Bruce 964 Benedict V 1801 Burr 972 Benedict VI 1777 Burgovne 974 Benedict VII 1790 Burns' 1012 Benedict VIII 1780 Burke 1033 Benedict IX 1828 Bustamente 1303 Benedict XI 1334 Benedict XII 486 Cabades 1724 Benedict XIII 613 Cad wan 1740 Benedict XIV 634 Cadwall 1827 Benevente 678 Cadwallader 1836 Ben ham 1825 Calhoun J C 1836 Benton 36 Caligula 889 Berenger 670 Calinicus 950 Berenger II 1540 Calvin 982 Berraudo II 1119 CalixtusII 1810 Bernadotie 1455 Calixtus III A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED A. D. 1823 1016 1036 1076 1148 1182 211 283 877 1835 282 1041 1178 1333 1447 1725 1762 1533 982 1143 1191 1241 1294 519 70 1500 562 ,768 714 840 875 880 875 881 888 1349 1321 1364 1380 1422 1481 1448 1654 1265 Canning 1660 Charles XI Canute II 1697 Charles XII Canute III 1809 Charles XIII Canute IV 1516 Charles I or Canute V 1519 Charles V Canute VI 1663 Charles 11 Caracalla 1761 Charles II Carinus 1781 Charles IV Carloman 1730 Charles Emanuel III Carlos Don 1720 Charles VI Carus 1711 Charles VI Casimir I 1741 Charles VII Casimir II 1560 Charles IX Casimir III 1824 Charles X Casimir IV 1660 Charles II Catharine I 1625 Charles I Catharine II 1756 Chatham Catharine 1390 Chaucer Cadwallen 458 Childeric I Celestine II 747 Childeric III Celestine III 511 Childebert Celestine IV 695 Childebert III Celestine V 473 Chilperic Cerdic 562 Chilperic Cerinthus 715 Chilperic II Cervantes 106 Chosroes I Charibert 532 Chosroes II Charles or Charlemagne 591 Chosroes III Charles Martel 1252 Christopher I Charles II 1319 Christopher II Charles Bald 1439 Christopher III Charles Fat 1448 Christian I Charles II 1513 Christian II Charles II 1533 Christian III Charles III 1588 Christian IV Charles IV 1670 Christian V Charles IV 1730 Christian VI Charles V 1766 Christian VII Charles VI 1632 Christiana Charles VII 398 Chrysostom Charles VIII 1647 Chun Chi Charles VIII 41 Claudius Charles X 268 Claudius II Charles ol" Anjou 45 Claudius Felix ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY, 99 A. D. A. D. 95 Clement 336 Constantius II 1046 ClemeiU II 642 Constantine I 1187 Clement III 741 Constantine V 1265 Clement IV 781 Constantine VI 1305 Clement V 708 Constantine 1342 Clement 858 Constantine 11 1378 Clement VI 911 Constantine VI 1523 Clement VII 942 Constantine VII 1591 Clement VIII 986 Constantine VIII 1667 Clement IX 903 Constantine III 1669 Clement X 1042 Constantine IX 1700 Clement XI 1059 Constantine X 1730 Clement XII 1448 Constantine XII 1758 Clement XIII 586 Coreticus 1769 Clement XIV 1675 Corneille 573 Clephes 178 Cornwallis 1809 Clinton Georg:e 1492 Cosmo de Medici 1825 Clinton De Witt 1219 Courtenay de Robert 428 Clodion 1780 Cowper 511 Clodomir 1547 Cranmer 511 Clotaire I 584 Crida 584 Clotaire II 1836 Crocket 665 Clotaire III 1649 Cromwell O 486 Clovis 1658 Cromwell R 638 Clovis II 686 Cunibert 691 Clovis III 45 Cuspius Padus 1560 Coligni 1060 Cuthu Muses 1492 Columbus 250 Cyprian 180 Com mod us 1057 Comnenus Isaac 628 Dagobert 1 1118 Comnenus John 638 Dagobert II 755 Conan 711 Dagobert 1 1560 Conde 1300 Dante 819 Congal III 1565 Darnley 1024 Conrad 11 1124 David 1138 Conrad III 1329 David 11 1250 Conrad IV 249 Decius 1226 Conrad 1640 Des Cartes 1250 Conrad 615 Deus Debit 336 Constans 1835 De Rosas 642 Constans II 1845 Dallas G M 306 Constantine I 1836 Dickinson 336 Constantine II 193 Didius 292 Constantius 1755 Dieskau 100 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 284 Diocletian 1500 Emanuel 516 Dionysius 541 Eraric 1279 Dionysius Just 1595 Erasmus 756 Desiderius 1095 Eric III 81 Domitian 1135 Eric IV 636 Donald IV 1139 EricV 857 Donald V 1242 Eric VI 892 Donald VI 1259 Eric VII 1093 Donald VII 1286 Eric VIII 824 Dongal 1412 Eric Xllf 676 Donus I 1560 Eric XIV 974 Donus 11 1580 Essex 1820 Don Pedro 730 Ettinus 1831 Don Pedro II 838 Ethelwolf 1075 Don Roderigo 857 Eihelbald 1400 Douglass 860 Eihelbert 1690 Dry den 866 Elhelred 1060 Ducas 978 Ethelred II 968 Duff 874 Ethus 1031 Duncan 466 Euaric 1034 Duncan 888 Endes or Od 950 Dunstan 655 Eugenius I 1435 Don Alvaro de Luna 824 Eugenius II 1145 Eugenius III 959 Edgar 1431 Eugenius IV 1100 Edgar 364 Eugene I 941 Edmund 419 Eugene II 1016 Edmund II 535 Eu-ene III 946 Ed red 688 Eugene V 1041 Edward ^2 Eugene VI 1272 Edward I 704 Eugene VII 1307 Edward II 761 Eugene VIII 1327 Edward III 1706 Eugene 1461 Edward IV 360 Eusebius 1483 Edward V 1547 Edward VI 60 Felix Edward IV 1700 Fenelon 913 Edwallll 1584 Feodor 992 Edwall III 1676 Feodor 819 Egbert 650 Ferchard II 491 Ella 1035 Ferdinand I 1558 Elizabeth 1157 Ferdinand II 1741 Elizabeth 1217 Ferdinand III 1664 Elliott 1295 Ferdinand IV ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 101 A. D. A. D. 1367 Ferdinand 1733 Frederic Augustus II 1412 Ferdinand I 1390 Froissart 1479 Ferdinand 1556 Ferdinand I 68 Galba 1617 Ferdinand 11 180 Galen 1637 Ferdinand III 261 Gallienus 1759 Ferdinand IV 251 Gallus 1808 Ferdinand VII 300 Galerius 1010 Ferdusi 1630 Galileo 404 Fergus II 1829 Gamarra 764 Fergus III 1807 Gambier 1843 Ferrera 1035 Garcias 1823 Freyre 1307 Gesler 60 Festus 1118 Gelasius II 276 Florianus 1714 George I 1758 Forbes 1727 George II 891 Formosus 1760 George III 1800 Fox 1820 George IV 1745 Francis I 427 Genseric 1792 Francis II 1218 Gengh Khan 1515 Francis I 18 Germanicus 1559 Francis II 18 Gessius Florius Francis 211 Geta 1825 Francis I 1790 Gibbon 1752 Franklin 473 Glucerius 1152 Frederic I 1097 Godfrey 1212 Frederic 11 1598 Godunow B 1440 Frederic III 491 Gondebaud 1523 Frederic I 1035 Gonzales 1559 Frederic II 238 Gordian 1648 Frederic III 45 Gotarzes 1699 Frederic IV 375 Gratian 1746 Frederic V 590 Gregory I 1808 Frederic VI 715 Gregory II 1617 Frederic V 731 Gregory III 1746 Frederic VI 875 Gregory Great 1640 Frederic Wm 827 Gregory IV 1688 Frederic III 1000 Gregory V 1713 Frederic Wm I 1044 Gregory VI 1740 Frederic II 1073 Gregory VIT 1786 Frederic Wm II 1187 Gregory VIII 1797 Frederic Wm III 1227 Gregory IX 1720 Frederic 1271 Gregory X 1697 Frederic Augustus 1370 Gregory XI 102 A. D. A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED A. D. 1406 Gregory XII 1413 Henry V 1582 Gregory XIII 1422 Henry VI 1590 Gregory XIV 1485 Henry VII 1621 Gregory XV 1506 Henry VIII 1831 Gregory XVI 1573 Henry of Valois 1830 Grey Minister 1578 Henry Cardinal 562 Grotan 1625 Henry Frederic 1635 Groiius 1095 Henry 662 Grimoaldus 1214 Henry I 1829 Guerrero 1206 Henry 1057 Guiscard Robert 1390 Henry III 1560 Guise Duke of 1368 Henry 11 660 Gundebertus 1454 Henrv IV 436 Gunderic 610 Heraclius 413 Gundicar 640 Heraclius II 1523 Gustavus I 641 Heracleonas 1611 Gustavus Adolphus 1628 Harvey 1771 Gustavus III 723 Hesham 889 Guy 1073 Hildebrand 744 Hildebrandus 1035 Harold I 976 Hixem 1066 Harold II 1030 Hixem III 1074 Harold VII 625 Honorius I 785 Haroun Alraschid 1124 Honorius II 787 Hashem 1226 Honorius III 1841 Harrison WH 1285 Honorius IV 540 Heldibadus 272 Hormisdas I 218 Heliogabalus 632 Hormisdas II 447 Hengist 447 Horsa 920 Henry I 1837 Houston 1002 Henry II 1794 Howe 1039 Henry III 940 Howell Dha 1056 Henry IV 950 Hugh 1106 Henry V 987 Hugh Capet 1190 Henry VI 1766 Hume 1309 Henry VII 1415 HussJohn 1031 Henry I 1694 Hussein 1547 Henry II 1574 Henry III 1640 Ibrahim 1589 Henry IV 686 Idwallo 1100 Henry I 1000 Ignatius 1154 Henry II 441 Indigertes II 1216 Henry III 958 Indulf 1399 Henrv IV 1130 Innocent 11 ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 10^ A. D. A. D. 1194 Innocent III 914 John X 1243 Innocent IV 931 John XI 1276 Innocent V 955 John XII 1352 Innocent VI 965 John XIII 1404 Innocent VII 985 John XIV 1484 Innocent VIII 985 John XV 1591 Innocent IX 1003 John XVI 1644 Innocent X 1003 John XVII 1676 Innocent XI 1004 John XVIII 1691 Innocent XII 1024 John XIX 1721 Innocent XIII 1276 John XX 58 Irenaeus 1316 John XXI 781 Irene 1316 John I 1479 Isabella 1350 John II 1501 Ismael 1200 John Lackland 1821 Iturbide 1118 John I Com 1500 Ivan Basilowitz 1341 John Paleologus 1533 Ivan IV 1341 John Cantacusenus 1682 Ivan V 1385 John I Great 1740 Ivan VI 1406 John II 1424 John II Pal. 1815 Jackson Andrew 1481 John I 948 Jago 1492 John Albert 1213 James I 1481 John II the Perfect 1291 James II 1648 John Casimir 1424 James I 1568 John III 1437 James II 1521 John III 1460 James III 1640 John IV 1487 James IV 1706 John V 1513 James V 1792 John VI 1568 James VI 1770 Johnson 1603 James I 1837 Johnson RM 948 Javaf 1750 Joseph Emanuel 1794 Jay John 1705 Joseph I 1776 Jefferson 1765 Joseph 11 1416 Jerome 70 Josephus 1813 Jervis John 363 Jovian 1428 Joan of Arc 361 Julian 640 John IV 1503 Julius If 685 John V 1549 Julius III 701 John VI 150 Justin Martyr 705 John VII 527 Justinian I 872 John VIII 565 Justin II 897 John IX 685 Justinian 104 A. D. 120 1661 604 834 990 995 1520 1796 1735 568 1790 1560 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED Juvenal Kam Hi Kenneth I Kenneth II Kenneth III Kenneth the Grim Kepler Kia King Kien Long Kinathal Klopstock Knox 300 Lactantius 1079 Ladislaus I 1139 Ladislaus II 1305 Ladislaus IV 1386 Ladislaus V 1434 Ladislaus VI 1632 Ladislaus VII 1824 Lafayette 1827 La Mar 913 Landon 1700 Leibnitz 457 Leo 716 Leo III 775 Leo IV 813 Leo V 886 Leo VI 795 Leo III 847 Leo IV 903 Leo V 928 Leo VI 936 Leo VII 964 Leo VIII 1513 LeoX 1605 Leo XI 1823 Leo XII 946 Leolf 695 Leontius 1659 Leopold I 1790 Leopold II 1831 Leopold 1202 Lesko A. D. 1299 Lesko 1282 Llewelyn 355 Liberius 306 Licinius 1760 Linnaeus A D Livy 1690 Locke 840 Lothaire I 945 Lothaire 954 Lothaire 1125 Lothaire II 840 Louis 813 Louis I 855 Louis II 877 Louis II 879 Louis III 936 Louis IV 986 Louis V 1137 Louis V 1106 Louis VI 1370 Louis VII 1223 Louis VIII 1314 Louis V 1040 Louis VI 1137 Louis VII 1226 Louis IX 1314 Louis X 1461 Louis XI 1496 Louis XII 1610 Louis XIII 1643 Louis XIV 1715 Louis XV 1774 Louis XVI 1814 Louis XVIII 1830 Louis Philippe 1725 Lovewell 1144 Lucius II 1 181 Lucius III 712 Luitprandus 1517 Luther 1040 Macbeth 1518 Machiavel 217 Macrinus ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 105 A. D. A. D. 1045 Magnus 312 Maximinus II 1276 Magnus Ladislaus 455 Maximus 1319 Magnus III 1493 Maximilian 612 Mahomet 1564 Maximilian II 852 Mahomet I 1813 McDonough 1412 Mahomet I 1529 Melancthon 1451 Mahomet II 1834 Melbourne 1595 Mahomet III 1060 Melee h 1649 Mahomet IV 448 MerovoBus 1730 Mahomet V 684 Merwan I 1808 Mahomet VI 744 Merwan II 1722 Mahmud 818 Merwin Uriel 457 Majoriam 811 Michael I 943 Malcolm I 820 Michael II 1004 Malcolm II 842 Michael III 1057 Malcolm III 1034 Michael IV 1153 Malcolm IV 1041 Michael V 668 Malduin 1261 Michael Paleologus 578 Malgo 1613 Michael Romanow 1268 Manfred 1669 Michael Wisiniowiecski 1143 Manuel Com. 1025 Micislaus II 450 Marcian 1173 Micislaus III 134 Marcion 1664 Milton 1555 Marcellus 660 Moawiyah 1387 Margaret 721 Mordach 1542 Mary 1577 Mohammed 1553 Mary 1834 Mohammed 1688 Mary 1745 Mosheim 1777 Mary 1817 Monroe James 1745 Maria Theresa 1746 Montesquieu 1704 Marlborough 1264 Mountfort 649 Martin I 784 Musa'l Hadi 882 Martin II 1098 Mustali 942 Martin HI 1622 Mustaphal 1281 Martin IV 1695 Mustapha II 1417 Martin V 1757 Mustapha III 1395 Martin 1807 Mustapha IV 1135 Matilda 1612 Matthias 294 Narses 1584 Maurice 1798 Nelson 582 Mauritius 473 Nepos 655 Mawia 54 Nero 235 Maximinus 96 Nerva 238 Maximus 1700 Newton 106 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED 802 Nicephorus 963 Nicephorus Phocas 1078 Nicephorus 858 Nicholas I 1058 Nicholas II 1288 Nicholas IV 1447 Nicholas V 1102 Nicholas 1826 Nicholas 482 Obalus 1833 Obegasa 1337 Occam 476 Odoacer 571 Offa 1733 Oglethorpe 1087 Olaus 1376 Olaus 472 Olvbrius 633 Omar 717 Omar II 860 Omar 1326 Orcham 914 Ordono II 1820 O'Higgins 250 Origen 14 Orodes II 325 Osius 645 Othman 1299 Othman I 1618 Othman II 1754 Othman III 69 Otho 936 Otho I 973 Otho n 983 Otho III 1208 Otho IV 1227 Ougtai Khan A D Ovid 90 Pacorus 1815 Packenham 117 Parthanaspates 817 Pascal I A. D. 1099 Pascal II 1656 Pascal 36 Paul 757 Paul I 1464 Paul II 1534 Paul III 1555 Paul IV 1605 PaulV 1798 Paul 400 Pelagius 718 Pelagias 1683 Penn Wm 741 Pepin le Bref 687 Pepin d'Hiristal 1818 Perr\r 671 Pertharit 193 Pertinax 1095 Peter the Hermit 1094 Peter I 1196 Peter II 1276 Peter III 1216 Peter de Courtenay 1350 Peter the Cruel 1336 Peter IV 1682 Peter I 1727 Peter II 1762 Peter III 1668 Peter II 1777 Peter III 1360 Petrarch 420 Pharamond 244 Philip 1199 Philip 1060 Philip I 1180 Philip II 1271 Philip III 1285 Philip IV 1316 Philip V 1328 Philip VI 1556 Philip II 1600 Philip lit 1621 Phihp IV 1700 Philip V 1676 Philip King ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 107 A. D. 711 602 875 13 70 100 110 1440 1845 150 1735 1814 56 1612 1458 1503 1559 1565 1774 1800 1829 1804 1137 1758 1831 277 1295 135 408 Philipicus Bardane Phocus Photius Phraatices Pliny Pliny Plutarch Poffgio Polk J K Polycarp Pope Porado Fortius Festus Powhatan Pius II Pius III Pius IV Pius V Pius VI Pius VII Pius VIll Preble Pretronilla Prideaux Prieio Probus Przemislaus Ptolomy Pulcheria 100 duintilian 1830 auiroga 744 Rachisius 701 Ragimbertus 923 Ralpho 927 Ramirez II 957 Ramirez III 1035 Ramirez I 1124 Ramirez II 1109 Raymond 1240 Reinerius 1189 Richard I 1377 Richard II 1483 Richard III 1624 Richelieu 922 Robert 1000 Robert 1057 Robert Guiscard 1219 Robert de Courtenay 1400 Robert of Palatine 1309 Robert the Wise 1000 Robert II 1032 Robert 1370 Robert II Stuart 1390 Robert III 720 Roderic I 843 Roderic II 1273 Rodolph I 1576 Rodolph H 923 Rodolph G52 Rodoaldus 1130 Roger II 1704 Kooke 1730 Rollin 919 Romanus I 1028 Romanus II 1068 Romanqs III 636 Rotharis 1683 Russel 1604 Sabinianus 1171 Saladin 1000 Sancho III 1063 Sancho Ramirez 1185 Sancho I 1157 Sancho II 1223 Sancho II 1284 Sancho IV 1821 San Martin 1833 Santa Anna 240 Sapores I 309 Sapores II 384 Sapores III 1466 Scanderbery 1557 Sebastian 1624 Sefi Mirza 1000 Seljuk 1512 Selim I 1566 Selim II 108 A KEY TO THE NAMES MENTIONED A. D. 1789 Selim III 1600 Sully 1000 Sylvester II 1513 Surry 55 Seneca 1000 Svveyn 193 Seplimius Severus 1148 SwevnIV 687 Sergius 1683 Sydney 844 Sergius II 384 Symmachus 904 Sergius III 1009 Sergius IV 125 Tacitus 20 Serjanus 275 Tacitus 193 Severus Sept. 1370 Tamerlane 306 Severus II 1307 Tell Wm 461 Severus 1200 Tertullian 640 Severinus 519 Thampasp I 1600 Shakspeare 1736 T/iampasp Kouli Khan 562 Sigobert I 64.2 Theodore 527 Sigebert 1054 Theodora 1410 Sigismund 1336 Theodora 1506 Sigismund I 490 Theodoric 1548 Sigismund II 534 Theodalus 1587 Sigismund III 379 Theodosius 1592 Sigismund 408 Theodosius II 384 Siricius 715 Theodosius III 627 Si roes 829 Theophilus 709 Sissinius 1740 Theresa Maria 1471 SixtuslV 511 Thierry 1585 SixtusV 673 Thierry II 1674 Sobieski 720 Thierry IV 714 Soliman 14 Tiberius 1097 Soliman Tiberius Alexander 1666 Soliman 578 Tiberius II 1520 Solvman I 35 Tiridates 1678 Stafford 1369 Timur Bek 1764 Stanislaus 79 Titus 750 Stephen II 1678 Titus Gates 767 Stephen III 1037 Togrul Beg 816 Stephen IV 1817 Tompkins D D 886 Stephen VI 546 Totila 896 Stephen VII 98 Trajan 929 Stephen VIII 1836 Travis 939 Stephen IX 1780 Tupac Amaru 1841 Tyler J 1057 Stephen X 1135 Stephen 1575 Stephen 1618 Ulrica Elenora 10 Strabo 1088 Urban II 1800 Suwarrow 1185 Urban III ON THE CHART OF MODERN HISTORY. 109 B. C. B. c. 1261 Urban IV 445 Vortigern 1362 Urban V 454 Vortimer 1378 Urban VT 1590 Urban VII 1157 Waldemarl 1623 Urban VIII 1203 Waldemar II 1109 Urraca 1250 Waldemar 1261 Urban IV 1340 Waldemar III 1362 Urban V 704 WalidI 1378 Urban VI 743 Walid II 1390 Urban VII 1397 Wallace 1623 Urban VIII 1560 Warwick 1109 Urraca 1755 Washington 1381 Wat Tyler 364 Valens 1794 Wayne J 42 Valentine 1815 Wellington 364 Valenlinian 1739 Wesley John 383 Valentinian II 1375 Wickliffe 827 Valentine 1066 William I 1837 Van Buren 1087 William Rufus 1639 Van Tromp 1672 William III 45 Vardanes 1829 William IV 272 Varanes I 1041 William 276 Varanes II 1102 William II 389 Varanes IV 1154 William III 420 Varanes V 1166 William IV 1505 Vasily or Basil IV 1165 William I the Lion 1498 Vasco-de-Gama 1579 William I 70 Vespasian 1647 William II 1054 Victor II 1672 William III 1086 Victor III 1761 William V 1714 Victor Amadseus 1636 Williams Roger 1837 Victoria 1378 Winceslaus 657 Vitalianus 1759 Wolfe 69 Vitellus 536 Vitiges 679 Yezid 50 Vologeses 1 719 Yezid II 134 Vologeses II 744 Yezid III 189 Vologesus III 1768 Voltaire 741 Zachary 15 Vonones I 476 Zeno 1606 Zuinski K GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES OF ANCIENT AND MIDDLE HISTORY, WITH THEIR CORRES- PONDING MODERN NAMES. Ancwnt and Middle ^^^^^^ Historical Names. Hist. Names. Acarnania Carnia in Greece. Africa, propria Tunis and Tripoli. . „ . C Schirvan, Daghistan, and part of ^^^^^'^ I Georgia. Apulia Puglia, in Naples. Aquitania Gascony and Guienne, in France. Aquitania, or Canta- ) g ^^ ^. bna sea of ) -^ -^ Aria Karasm, in Independent Tartary. Arcadia Central Morea. Argolis East Morea. Armenia Turcoman ia and Aladulia, in Turkey. Asia Minor Turkey, B. Black and Caspian seas. Assyria Curdistan, in Turkey. Attica East Greece. *Auslrasia East France. Babylonia, or Chaldea Irak, in Turkey. Bactriana Bucharia, in Independent Tartary. Baleares Isles Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica. Belgica Belgium. Bitiiynia Natolia, on Black sea. BoDOtia Central Greece. Borysthenes, river . . . Dnieper. Brigantia, lake Constance. Britannia Great Britain. Bruttii South Italy, Naples. *Burgundy Savoy, Switzerland, part of E. France Byzantium Constantinople. Calabria East Italy, Naples. Caledonia Scotland. * Middle History. 110 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. HI Ancmxt and Middle ^^^^^.^^ Historkal Names. Hist. Names. Campania Kingdom of Naples. Canaan Palestine, in Syria. Cappadocia In Turkey, west of Turcomania. Caria Natolia, in Turkey. Carmania Kerman, in Persia. Carthage Near Tunis. Cephallenia Cephalonia. Chaldea, or Babylonia Irak, in Turkey. Cilicia Turkey in Asia, on Mediterranean sea. Cimbri tribe Holstein and Jutland, Denmark. Colchis Mingi'elia and Imiritia. Corcyra Corfu. Crete Candia. Dacia Hungary, Transylvania. Dalmatia South Austria, on Gulf of Venice. Doris In Greece. Ebudae Western Islands, or Hebrides. Elis In Morea. Elymais Khusistan, in Persia. Epirus Albania, in Turkey in Europe. Ethiopia Nubia and Abyssinia. Eub(pa Negropont. Euxine sea Black sea. Florentia Florence. Frisii tribe, *Frish.. Holland. Gallatia In Natolia, in Turkey. Gallia, or Gaul France and Belgium. Gallia Cisalpina Northern Italy. Gedrosia Beloochistan. Germania Germany, Prussia, and N. Austria. Graecia, Magna Kingdom of Naples. Granicus river Dematica. Hellespont Dardanelles. Helvetia Switzerland. Hibernia . .^. Ireland. Hispania , Spain. * Middle History. 112 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. labadii Sumatra. laxartes Sihon. Iberia Georgia. Ichnusa Sardinia. Ida, mount Gargara. Illyricum Croatia & Dalmatia, in Aust. & Turkey. India Hindoostan, Birmah, and Siam. ^"'Gano-ef';'!'^ ^^^ | Farther India. Ionia Natolia, on the Archipelago." Ister and Danubus riv. Danube. Istria South Austria. Italia Italy. Italia, propria Central Italy. Judea In Syria. Laconia Morea. Latium Central Italy. Lesbos, island Mytilin. Liburnia Croatia. Libya Barca. Liger, river Loire. Liguria Southern part of the km. of Sardinia. Locris Greece, on Gulf Leponta. Lucania In Naples. Lugdunensis Florence, Central. Lusitania Portugal. Lycaonia Caramania, in Turkey, Lydia In Natolia, in Turkey in Asia. Macedonia Roumetia, European Turkey. Margiania Karasm, in Independent Tartary. Marmarica Barca, in Africa. Massagetas tribe .... Khokhan, in Independent Tartary. Media Irak, in Persia. Megaris Greece, on the Gulf of Leponta. McEsia Servia and Bulgaria. Mesopotamia Diarbekir, in Turkey. Messenia Morea. Mona Isle of man. Mysia Natolia, in Turkey. GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 113 Ancient and Middle t,^ 7 u- , • 7 xr Hist. Names. '^^'^^'''^ Historical Names. *Neringonia Norway. Noricum Austria. *Normand V I ^'o^l^-^'^f ^ France on the English •' 3 channel. Numidia Algiers and Bled-el-Jerid, in Africa. Olympus, Mt Lacha, Livadia in Turkey. Orcades Orkney Isles. ^Orleans Loire, in France. Oxus, river Amoo. Pannonia Sclavonia. Paphlagonia Natolia, in Tarkey. Parthia Irak Agemi. in Persia. Patmos, island Patmosa, in the Archipelago. Peloponnesus Morea. Pergamus South-west Mysia. Persis South Persia. Phocis In Greece. Phoenicia In Syria. Phrygia Natolia. Pontus Turkey in Asia, on Black sea. Propontis Sea of Marmora. Rha, river Volga. Rhenus, river Rhine. Rheetia Bavaria. Rubicon, river Pisotell, North Italy. Sarmitii ) Russia, Poland. Astrachan, and Oren- ' ' ) burg. Scandinavia Norway and Sweden. Scyros, island Scyro. Scythia Tartary and Siberia. Sicilia Sicily. Sicyonia In Morea. Susianna Khusistan, in Persia. Tamesis. river Thames. Tanais, river Don. Taurica Crimea. * Middle History. K 2 114 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. ^Xl"]^! ™ ^•"^^^- "-^'-^ ^-«- Thebais South Egypt. Thessalia Livadia, in Greece. Thracia Romania. Soutii Turkey. rp f Natolia, between Marmora and Archi- ( pelago. TyraSj river Dniester. Vebanus, lake Maggiore. Vectis Isle of Wight. Vulcanian islands . . . Lipari Islands. Zacynthus, island , . . Zante. Zingia , . Cape Orfui. V' 0^ %-. ^ ^oV*^ l> X 'y -f^rs ^^ |#^' ,V •^1 ^. °felA)^^ >->•. -^ ^^ i\ ^.c,"^- V O^ ^ . « o ^ ■^^^ .'^^ Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. 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