F 70 ■QT5 is3tj^SsdfajSe::toiSE3f Qass. Book bvar^. s^^^os^^^^^s With the Compliments of Olerk of the Senate of llfassstchusetts. ^^^^u^ SS5 he was hrouuht forward as a candidate for mayoi'. This was done in the face of the op])()siti()n of many of the older politicians, who feared that he eould not develop strength enough to heat his opponent, a i)o})u- lar Democratic leader. His friends thought otherwise, went vigorously to work, and carried Greenhalge dele- gates in four of the six Avards. Events justitied their wisdom and their belief in tlieir candidate, for ]Mr. Greenhalge Avas elected by a handsome majority, and served during the years l.SSO and 1881, showing the same independence of thought and action whieh were so characteristic of his whole career. During his term of office he presided at the memorial exercises held on the south connuon in memory of President (Jartield, and delivered u})on that oecasion an address whit-h was much admired at the time, and which added to his EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE. 39 growing reputation as a speaker. He also drafted the memorial resolutions adopted by the city council. In 1881 he was an unsuccessful candidate for State senator. Three years later he was elected a delegate from the Lowell district to the Repul)lican national convention at Chicago. It was there that I was first brought into close relations with him. I liad known him before, but only slightly. At Chicago I came to know him well, and I have very seldom met any man who attracted me so strongly and so quickly. We were fighting a losing fight against the popular candidate, because we thought it our duty to do so. It was a trying position, and I was at once impressed by Mr. Greenhalge's good sense, l)y his modesty, his entire fearlessness and his indifterence to personal consider- ations. "What most drew me to him was that quick sympathy which was his greatest charm, and which was enhanced l)y his sense of humor, the most sym- pathetic of all (qualities. As is well known, we were beaten in the convention ; l)ut, although the contest had been heated and even bitter, ]\Ir. Greenhaljre did not swerve or vary in his loyalty to his party, or in the fidelity which we ])elieved simple honesty and good faitli required us as delegates to show to the brilliant leader whom wo hud opposed and whom the 40 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL. convention nominated. As soon as he reached home Mr. Greenhalge at once made a strong speech in Lowell in support of Mr. Blaine and of the Kepubli- can party, whose principles and })olicics he believed essential to the welfare and })rosperity of the country. As he began, so lie went on, and gave generously, as he always did, of his time and strengtli to ui)liolding and advocating the Republican cause. In the year following the presidential election he was one of the Lowell Representatives to the lower branch of the State Legislature, where he did excel- lent service. He was elected, owing to his personal popularity, in a Democratic district, Init was defeated for re-election by one vote. Upon the occasion of the semi-centennial of Lowell in 1886 he delivered the historical address, which added still further to his reputation as an orator. In 1888 he was chosen city solicitor. His successful career in Lowell, together with his popularity, his services in the political campaigns and his standing as a })u])lic speaker had already marked him for higher i)referment, and as a man fit for a larger field of action. The presidential campaign of 1888 at last brought the opportunity, and his party in the district turned to him as their candidate for Con- gress. The fiijlit which followed his nomination was a EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE. 41 stubborn one, but lie made an aggressive and eflfective canvass, and was elected hy a handsome plurality. When he resigned his office as city solicitor in 1889 to go to Washington, the first period of his life closed. He was now to enter upon the l)r()ader field of national politics, and he came to it at a time of great stress and excitement. The 51st Congress was not a peaceful one. It was the second Republican Congress since the days of Grant, and the party ma- jority hung by a slender thread. There was a great work to l)e done, nothing less than the reform of the rules and the restoration to the majority of its rio-hts and responsibilities. The opening days of the session were marked l)y great turbulence, and all the known tactics of olistructive parliamentary warfare were re- sorted to by a resolute and defiant opposition. It was a time which demanded the best resources of trained and experienced leadership, and there seemed to be but a slight opening for a new and untried man. When the House organized and the committees were announced, Mr. Greenhalge found himself placed on the committees on elections, revision of the laws and reform in the civil service. To the first of these com- mittees was intrusted the important function of hear- ing and deciding contests for seats, of which there was an unusually large number in that Congress, most 42 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL. of them comini' from Southern States. Partv feclinsr ran high, and the debates -svhieh followed the various reports on election cases provoked great partisan bit- terness. To the work of this committee Mr. Green- halge devoted himself with his accustomed energy and ability. The first case to be called up was that of Smith v. Jackson, from West Virginia. During this debate ]Mr. Greenhalge made his maiden speech. The occasion could not have been more happily selected. The House was crowded, and the interest was intense. His analysis of the legal points involved was lucid and convincing, and the whole speech Avas tinged with a delicious satire which caught the House at once. At the close he was accorded hearty and enthusiastic applause. The House recognized immediately that he was a sound lawyer, a brilliant speaker and a strong debater, and the opinion of the House on these points is of the best, and is not easily won. It was a tri- umph for a first s})cech. Henceforth his place was secure, and ho l)ccame at once one of tlio loaders of the House. His reputation thus made, he found him- self beset by every contestant for assistance. These appeals he found it difficult to resist, and ho did much effective work in i)laoing these election contro- versies before the House. The amount of la])or in- EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE, 43 volved in sifting evidence in each case was immense, but the reward came in the form of an established legal and forensic reputation. It is impossible to do more than allude to perhaps his rhost eloquent effort while a member of the House, the speech made in the Waddill v. Wise case. Edmund Waddill, Jr., the Republican candidate, contested the seat of his Demo- cratic opponent, who had been given the certificate of election from one of the Virginia districts. It was clearly shown in the evidence that in three pre- cincts of one ward in the city of Richmond long lines of colored voters had remained standing in front of the election booths throughout the night before elec- tion and during the entire election da}^ until the polls were closed, in the vain hope of being allowed to cast their ballots. The whole question of the right to the seat turned upon whether these Imllots shoulcT be counted. In the course of his speech Mr. Green- halge said : — ' ' Shall the law be ineffectual ? Shall the whole majesty of the law stand silent, powerless, inactive as yonder obelisk, or shall that law 1)e clothed with power and strength enough to give to every man in that colored line the same rights that the white mil- lionnaire has? Mr. Speaker, I have heard and read with admiration of that mcniorablo thin, red line 44 THE GREEN HALGE MEMORIAL. which repelled tlie tierv onset ot" Napoleon at Water- loo ; l)ut I say that this thin, l)lnck line, standing from sunrise to sunset in Jackson ward, means as much for human freedom and civil liberty as the memorable thin, red line at Waterloo. I go further, Mr. Speaker : I say that if this House does not do justice to every man in those lines in the first, third and fourth precincts of Jackson ward, in the city of Richmond, and count every vote there legally ten- dered, then the flaming lines of Gettysburg were nothing more than a vain and empty show, and even the grand words of Lincoln, spoken over the graves of Gettysburg, l)ecome only as ' sounding brass and tinkling cymbals.'" The wave of popular discontent which engulfed the party in power in 1890 carried ]\lr. Greenhalge down with it, despite his personal popularit}^ and owing to his neglect of his own interests by going out of liis district to give generous aid to other Kei)ul>licans. He made a gallant fight, but was defeated l)y about foui- hundred and fifty votes. If his disai)i)()iiitnient w^as acute at thus finding liiiusclf unexpectedly thrust back on the threshold of a l)i'illiaiit congressional career, no sign of it escai)ed liini. He went cheer- fully 1)ack to the jjractice of liis j)rofession, and there is no doubt tli.'it for a lime he* regarded his ])ul)lic EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE. 45 life as closed. As early as April, 1892, in a letter to the chairman of the congressional committee, he declined to have his name considered as a candidate for Congress in the approaching canvass. The unlooked-for and accidental defeat of the Re- publican nominee for governor in 1892 made the selection of a new candidate probable in the succeed- ing year. Several gentlemen were put forward, and during the summer months of 1893 a friendly and earnest contest was waged for the nomination. Some time before the convention assembled, however, it became apparent that Mr. Greenhalge was the popu- lar choice, and the other candidates withdrew. The incidents of the campaign that followed are still fresh in the pul^lic mind. After a canvass of great bril- liancy, jNIr. Greenhalge was triumphantly elected, thus restoring the line of Republican governors, which had been broken for the longest period in the history of the party since it had l)een dominant in Massachu- setts, and on Jan. 4, 1894, he was inaugurated. In the fall of 1894 and again in 1895 he was re-elected by enormous majorities, the largest that have been cast for any governor in almost a generation. When he first received the nomination, he told the conven- tion that lie accepted it as the greatest responsibility of liis life, and his subsequent career showed that 46 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL. this feeling: never left him for an instant. Throiiirli- out his administration he did his duty as he con- ceived it, without regard to his personal interests or to the efiect of his acts upon his own political fort- unes. He may have made mistakes ; every successful man who does things worth doing is sure to err at times, and he would have been the last man to claim infallibility, for he was too human and too manly ; but he never acted from a mean or low motive, and he had a quick and sound judgment. He decided each question as it was presented to him indepen- dently and fearlessly, not infrequently against the ad- vice and judgment of some of his warm supporters. He had entire courage, physical and moral. Early in his first term a mol) entered the State House. They had done no harm, but they were in that un- controlled condition when serious danger was likely to spring up in an instant. A mass of human beings in a i)anic or in a mol), excited and leaderless, is always a peril. When the governor heard that this crowd was in the State House and menacing the Leg- islature, he did not sto}) to consider what should be done, but went out at once and looked disorder so squarely in the face that quiet was restored. This was the quick instinct of the high-spirited man, when the sudden pressure comes, — the two-o'clock-in-the- EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE. 47 morning courage which Napoleon admired. Governor Greenhalge sent no one; he went himself to meet the peril, if there was one, and at his comino- the danger foded and fled. Courage of a difterent kind he had also, that moral courage which makes a decision among conflict- ing interests, and after careful consideration, as he showed on various occasions. He did not shrink from putting his veto upon a measure which had a pow- erful interest or a popular cry behind it, whenever he thought his duty to the State required it; and the State sustained him, and even the people whom he disappointed in the end respected and trusted him more. He was not opinionated, but for none of his more important acts, when he came to review them dispassionately, did he experience any regret. He was justly conscious of his purity of motive, and the apol- ogetic attitude was one he never assumed. A con- spicuous instance of this trait appeared the last time he faced a Republican convention. He alluded to certain strictures which had been passed ui)on him, and then with an outburst of deep feeling he closed a brief reference to his course in office hy savin"- to the delegates who had just nominated him for the third time, "In the language of the great reformer, so help me God, I could not do otherwise." 48 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL. He was diligent and industrious in his daily work, and never shirked details. AVith the growth of the State the labors of the Exeeutive have nudtiplied, and Governor Greenhalge discharged them all conscien- tiously and faithfully. The work now incident to the office, the Avork really due to the puhlic, is enough to tax sufficiently the strength and al)ility of any man. But insensibly there has grown n\) the habit of expecting the governor of ^Massachusetts to l)c present and to speak at all sorts of gatherings and on all kinds of occasions, wholly unofficial and in no sense properly i)ertaining to the office. These incessant demands Governor Greenhalge met with the generosity which was so marked a (|ualit\' of his character. But the demands ought never to have been made or complied with, for they put upon him such a burden and so strained both body and mind that at last his health gave way. At first the illness seemed trifling. Then with a terrible shock we heard that he was dying, and in a few days the end came. He died in his prime, worn out in the public service, and the people of a great American Commonwealth watched with loving sympathy over his last hours, and mourned beside his grave, near the busy city which he loved, and to which he had come, a little ])oy of English })irth, forty years before. EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE. 49 So this honorable life of work and conflict, of happiness and success, closed. The first thought that conies to me as I look hack over the record, is the strong race quality shown by Governor Greenhalge. He was born in England. He was of ancient Enof- lish stock, formed by the mingling of Saxon and Dane years before the " galloping Norman came." He was thirteen years old when he came to Lowell, and all the strong associations of his childhood lie- longed to England. Yet no better, no more thorough American ever lived than he. There was no foreign prefix and no hyphen attached to his Americanism. He got his education here ; he absorbed the spirit of our life ; he was full of patriotism ; he was for America against the world. The fact is, he came from the old home of the English-speaking people, to find here the larger part of that people as it exists to-day ; and in both branches the great race qualities, forged and welded through more than a thousand years of toil and strife, are the same. The differences are superficial, the identities pro- found. To a man like Governor Greenhalge, the ideas, the beliefs, the habits, the aspirations of the great American democracy appealed more strongly than those of the land he had left. The air of America was more native to him than that of the 50 THE GREENIIALGE MEMORIAL. country of his ))irtli. So he became and lived and died an American in every filjre of his l)eing, some- thing always worthy of remem1)rance among a people l)r{)ud of their country and l)elieving in its destiny. One reason for his .Vmericanism was that lie was democratic in the true sense, crino-ino' to no man, courteous to all. lie was simple in his life, devoted and tender to wife and children, a lover of home, — the altar and shrine of the race who read the Bible in the language of Shakespeare. He was brave and loyal, — loyal with that chivalrous loyalty which is not too common, but which leads a man like him to come unasked to the aid of a friend, and to give and take blows in a friend's behalf, as the Black Knisfht came to the side of Ivanhoe when he was sore beset. He was honest in word and deed, and untouched by the unwholesome passion for mere money, Avhich is one of the darkest jierils of these modern times. He loved literature and l)ooks with a real love and rev- erence, and held scholarship in honor, as it has always been held in New England, and I trust ever will be. Of his qualities and gifts as a public man there is little need for me to speak. They are known to you all, and arc fresh in your remembrance. The echoes of that ready speech, now Hashing with humor and satire, now rich in eloquence and feeling, in imagery EULOGY BY HON. HENRY CABOT LODGE. 51 and allusion, still sound in our ears. With memory sharpened by sorrow, we all recall his ability in ad- ministration, his capacity for business, his unfailino- charm of manner, his simple but strong religious faith and his large and generous tolerance. These qualities were known and honored of all men, and they had their reward, not in the high offices which came to him, but in the confidence and aifection which he inspired. His was a life worth living. He made it so both for himself and for others. He did a man's work, he fought a man's fight, he made his mark upon his time. It is a life worth studying, not merely l)ecause it was an example of the rise from small beginnings to great conclusions, which it is one of the glories of our country to make possible for all men, but because it was a life of lofty aims, of high hopes, of honorable achievement. He has left us a fine and gracious memory, to be treasured in the history of the old State he served so well ; and let this thought mingle with our sadness and linger longest in our memories. Let us end as we began, with the Eliza- bethan poet, no longer stern, but in a softer, tenderer strain. Let us not forget that if "The garlands wither on our brow," it is also true that "The actions of the just smell sweet and blossom in the dust." Appendix. Programme. Presiding Officer^ . . His Honor Eoger Wolcott Overture to the Oratorio of "St. Paul," . Mendelssohn Orchestra. B. J. Lang, Conductor. Prayer, . . Rev. Edivard Everett Hale^ D.D. Requiem for Chorus and Orchestra, . Johannes BrahmS Sung by The Cecilia of Boston. B. J. Lang, Conductor. I. Blessed are they that go mourning, for the Lord he shall give them comfort. Seed in sorrow scattered yieldeth a joyful harvest. For he that goeth weep- ing and beareth seed so precious, shall come back rejoicing and bringing sheaves in plenty. 56 THE GREENIIALGE MEMORIAL. n. Behold, all flesh is as the ffrass, and all the goodliness of man is as the grass and flowers. The grass it doth wither, and the flower it decayeth. Now therefore be patient, brethren, nnto the coming of Christ. See how the husbandman waiteth for the excellent fruit of autumn, and hath long ])atience for it, until he receive the rains of the morning and eveuini; showers. Behold, all flesh is as the grass, and all the goodliness of man is as the grass and flowers. The grass it doth wither, and the flower it decayeth. So then be patient ; God's word endureth ever, yea, in eternity. The redeemed of the I^ord shall return with singing unto Zion, coming rejoicing. Gladness eternal shall be upon them for aye ; gladness and ra|)ture, these shall be their portion : and tears and sighing shall flee from them. TIT. Blessed are the faithful, who in the Lord are sleeping, from henceforth. Saith the spirit, they may rest from their toil and labors ; their works of mercy follow after them. APPENDIX. 57 Eulogy, .... Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge Hymn, "America," . . . . 8. F. Smith Frederick Lewis, Organist. [All are requested to rise and join in singing the hymn.] My country, 'tis of thee, Sweet land of liberty, — Of thee I sing : Land Avhere my fathers died. Land of the pilgrim's pride, From every mountain side Let freedom rina: ! Our fathers' God, to thee, Author of liberty, — To thee we sing : Long may our land be bright With freedom's holy light ; Protect us by thy might. Great God, our King. Benediction, . Rev, Edward Everett Hale^ D.D. Memorial Committee. JOHN M. HARLOW, of Oovernor^s Council. GEORGE P. LAWRENCE, President of Senate. GEORGE V. L. MEYER, Speaker of House of Representatives. RESOLUTIONS ON THE DEATH OF HIS LATE EXCELLENCY Frederic T. Greenhalge. WHEREAS, The Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts in General Court assembled have learned with profound sorrow of the death of his late Excellency, Frederic T. Greenhalge, the honored and beloved Governor of this Commonwealth, — Resolved, That in his death the Commonwealth loses an able and devoted governor, the people of* the State a tried and loyal friend, the nation a high- minded and patriotic citizen. Having no advantages of fortune or of l)irth, this son of the people, by the force of his a])ility and worth, rose to fill high public stations and to render conspicuous services to the Commonwealth which he loved and which hon- ored him. Treading with cheerful steps the hard road of duty and of opportunity, he attained high success in his chosen fields of usefulness, and showed 60 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL. once more the possibilities tliat, under our free institutions, lie before him who has the heart and strength to make the l)attle. His career is alike an inspiration and an example to ever}' ambitious 3'outh and to every man in pub- lic life. It bids the youth aspire and lit himself to deserve success. It calls upon him -who would win lasting approval in i)ublic affairs to cease time-serv- ing, and to serve the State as his sense of duty bids ; to cast aside timidity, and be In-ave ; to rise above the small expediency of the hour, and stand for i^rinciple and conviction ; to heed not the clamor of the day, l)ut to follow the call of duty. Ani- mated l)y such a spirit, he whom we mourn served well his State, his country and his age, and leaves for his family, his friends and his fellow-citizens a proud record and an honored and inspiring memory. liesolved, That these resolutions be entered on the journals of the two Houses, and that an engrossed copy of the same be sent to the bereaved family, to whom, in their deep affliction, the sincere s;ym- pathy of the Senate and the House and of the people of the entire Commonwealth is respectfully tendered. \ Commonfocult^ of p;assat^us£tts. BY HIS HONOR ROGER WOLCOTT, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR, ACTING GOVERNOR AND COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS: A Proclamation. WHEREAS, Frederic T. Greenhalge, late Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, died at Lowell on the fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and ninetj^-six ; and Whereas, The Constitution authorizes and requires the Lieutenant-Governor in such an event to perform all the duties incumbent upon, and to have and exercise all the powers and authorities vested with, the Gov- ernor of the Commonwealth : now, Therefore, It has l)ecorae my duty, in compliance with the usage of this government, to cause these facts to be and they are hereby made known by public 62 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL. proclamation to the citizens of the Commonwealth, to the end that uU the people, and more especially all officers, civil and military, may take notice thereof and govern themselves accordingly. And further, I recommend to all city and town authorities that, hy the placing of flags at half-mast on all pu))lic l)uildings, hy the tolling of bells at the hour of the funeral, by ajipropriate exercises in the l)ub]ic schools, or In' such other method as may seem to them fitting, they shall give public expression to the grief of the pcoi)le of the Commonwealth at the death of their honored and l)oloved Chief Magistrate. Given at the Council Chamber, in Boston, this fifth day of ISIarch, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, and of tlie Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and twentieth. ROGER AVOLCOTT. Bij His Honor the Lieutenant- Oovcrnor^ vith the Advice and Consent of the Council. WILLIAM M. OLIX, Secretary. (Sob .$afat t^e Commonfetallb of ^asBatbuBttts. MEMORIAL TRIBUTE TO Governor Greenhalge Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Council Chamber, Boston, March 12, 1896. ^pHE Lieutenant-Governor and the Executive Council 1 of Massachusetts for the year 1896,, in common with all the people of this Commonwealth, feel a deep sense of loss to the State and nation in the premature death of our l)eloved Governor Frederic Thomas Greenhalo;e. He has left us in the maturit}^ of his early man- hood and in the full play of his splendid abilities to plan and to execute, and all the people may well o-ive expression to their grief at the untimely departure of a chief magistrate so entirely devoted to their service. This Council will miss his genial presence, his wise leadership and his personal friendship. Coming to this country in childhood and in hunil)le circumstances, he, like many others who have acquired leadership and fame, had to work out his destiny by / 64 THE GREENHALGE MEMORIAL, the forco of his indoniita})le Avill. His growtli und success were phenomenal. Heroes are Ijorn, not made, Frederic T. Greenhalge was })oth born great and grew great. He readily imbi])ed the si:)irit of American institutions, and his early life and the training of his intellectual powers in the schools was a line illustra- tion of American opportunity, American civilization and Massachusetts education. He was of and fov the people. He believed in them and trusted them. They believed in him and l()^■ed him, and when the power of speech and the tire of eloquence were called for to stir men to enthusiasm and action, they were sure to be found in Frederic T. Greenhalge. He cap- tivated men not so much by his eloquence as by his earnestness and his sincerity. A hnvyer by profession, he spent much of his life in the puldic service. In the councils and as mayor of his own city, in the Legislature of this State, he took position at the front and did good service. A brilliant career of two years in the National House of Representatives, and finally as Governor of this Connnonwealth, completed his i)ub- lic service ; every i)osition he tilled he adorned. He was a man of fixed opinions, and when conclusions were reached, and bi'lieved l)y him to be founded on principles of justice and truth, it was useless to try to chani::c his course. He was ronscientious and un- MEMORIAL TRIBUTE TO GOVERNOR GREENHALGE. 65 tiring in his discharcre of pulilic duty, and, though sometimes criticised hy those who watched for his halting, his praises now fall from their lips. Taken prematurely in the middle of a career, which, had he lived, might have been greatly extended, he drops l)y the wayside leaving a reputation of honor- able service to the Commonwealth without a stain. History will assign him an honoral)le place in the lon«y line of illustrious chief magistrates of this Common- wealth, and his memory will live in the hearts of the people for ages yet to come. Without rudely iinading the sanctity of private grief, we tender our heartfelt sympathy to the sorrow- ing family. War Department Library Washington, D. C. ^4hJj Losses or injuries must be promptly ad- justed. No books issued during the month of August. Time Limits : Old books, two weeks subject to renewal at the op- tion of the Librarian. New books, one week only. ACMK LIBRARY CARD POCKET Made by LIBRARY BUREAU. Boston KEEP YOUR CARD IN THIS POCKET LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 069 023 5