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 ERRATA 
 
 Sec 16. Fourth line to "appropriative," add and productive. 
 
 Sec. 17. (h) First line to "motor tension, " add and motion. Sec- 
 ond line to motion in add, and motion of. 
 
 Sec 18. (e) Fifth line to last word the, prefix motion in. 
 
 Page 9. Third line to "human, "prefix motor tensions in. In fifth 
 line to "ownership" add, motion in. In seventh line; prefix to, "the 
 appropriative" motion in. 
 
 Sec 25. Second line to "primary units" add, or unit products. 
 
 Page 11. Fourteenth line for "a moral title" read, an efficient 
 moral title; and in line 19-20 for "destruction" read injurious or de- 
 structive. In line 20 for "imperfect" read inefficient. 
 
 Other errors not noted. 
 
 Sec 22. (f) Tenth line to ' 'demands" add, or the ratio of wages 
 and interest to labor and principle in the supply and demand of units 
 joined with the rent in land and the cost of the land in supply and de- 
 mand. To end of (/) add, or the ratio of labor to wages, principle to 
 interest and cost of land to rent is the ratios of the efficient causes in 
 their several wealths or their resistences in supply and demand. To 
 end of {g) add, the ratio of supply to demand, or cost to value is the 
 ratio of the efficient causes in appropriation and production or re- 
 sistencest to quanity wealth, 
 
 Sec 25. To {a) add: Individual or collective individual transfer of 
 units of wealth to other appropriation equaling any quantity of "medium 
 value units" in "exchange or obligation," out of units otwealth ap- 
 propriated or producedat a greater price for return of units of wealth 
 equaling the same quantity of medium value units, at a less price, returns 
 a value quantity in inverse ratio to the quantity received proportional 
 to the decreased price of "return" to increased price at "transfer" plus or 
 minus the changed cost of the unit medium, and increases the wealth ot 
 the individual or collective individual of "transfer" and decreases the 
 wealth of the individual or collective, individuals of return in the same 
 proportion; and is individual prosperity equal to other individual adver- 
 sity; and individiial adversity falling below primary unit supply without 
 "gift, loan or unlawful appropriation" is death; (equilibrium) becomes 
 resistence, then "non-wealth." Keaction of motor tensions of industry 
 in adversity in unit products is depression to other appropriation and 
 production till "obviation." Coincidence of failing supply of primary 
 units in secondary unit "disaster" with" adversity" in exchange or ob- 
 ligation, increases depression proportional to degree of coincidence and 
 in extreme degrees, results in confusion and calamity to industry and 
 human life. 
 
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[250 copies printed, as a study provisional to criticism. For distribution only ] 
 
 | THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 Copyright by Stewart Bruce TTerry, June 1884 
 
 Hi*. ; 
 
 Section 1. The following definitions and statement of the laws of 
 social economy assume for the present that the object of wealth is man 
 and relates to him only. Assumes that man is an organism whose struc- 
 ture and functions depend upon and are in direct relation to certain 
 fences of his environment, and that whatever may be the nature of human 
 hie and gratification within themselves, the sustaining of the functions of 
 byXir lawT gl " atlflcation de P end u P on su <* force! and are governed 
 
 of KfpT;/' ^ EALTH TJ he ° b Jf t 0f wealth then bein S the sustaining 
 ilv L * J^ atlfym ? °' desire > the definition and statement of its law! 
 may be as follows: All matter and force in use or preservation for sus- 
 Tr^LfT^ ^ and f ra % in g desire, and for appropriating, tran , 
 foiming transferring and preserving wealth, are wealth, (a) Weath is 
 oT t a f ^T 1 ^? aud Productive forces, or life sustaining for- 
 ces, in supply and demand. Maximum supply and demand is limited to 
 
 S„inS p 7 P ^ V \. an ^ P™ ductive forces, or life sustaining forces in 
 equipoisto their objective functions within any environment, (b) Degree 
 
 and W ^ol^- Pen f S UP ° n t > e variations of efficiency in the appropriate 
 2d II, if Ctlve / orces ' an d economy in consumption of the life sustaining 
 and giatifymg forces within any supply and demand. * 
 
 bEc 3 Non-Wealth.— All matter and force not in use nor 
 S3 i, USeS °f i W ™ lth are n on-wealth. Appropriations of 
 exnldfil • ° me Wealth bj the takin ^- (*) A11 forces^of wealth 
 !,S5 g ^ a PP ro pnative or unproductive of or other wealth, and in 
 
 wealth n functions of life and gratification become non- 
 
 t;™ ? EC '. 4 ; Appeope ^tion— is the taking of forces, or taking or set- 
 ting apart to use any product of non-wealth, or wealth by any human act 
 or means. Appropriation of non-wealth is prior in time to human pro- 
 duction and appropriation of wealth, and by priority in time is the 
 origin of all wealth. Forces of wealth expended in "the taking" are 
 related to wealth appropriated as cause. 
 
 Sec. 5. Production.— All matter and force in use in transformino;, 
 transferring and preserving wealth, is production. Appropriation is 
 always joined to production in some human act. -In use" is the test of 
 produc ion in any time and place, (a) Degree of appropriation and 
 pioduction is the varying equasion of the appropriate and productive 
 iorces m use in any time and place, in ratio to the organs of life and 
 gratification m human existence, within any supply and demand. In- 
 crease or decrease of the equasion withii, ultimate limits is proportional 
 to the increased or decreased efficiency or economy in the appropriate 
 and productive forces, {b) Efficiency in appropriation and production 
 is the greater or less ratio of the forces of wealth expended to the quan- 
 tities ol other wealth appropriated and produced and the greater or less 
 coincident or economical relations of the forces combined in their quan- 
 
 / / 3 h i 
 
013 608 473 2 • 
 
 THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 tities to other appropriative or productive functions, or the functions of 
 human life and gratification in any degree, above the continuation of the 
 appropriative forces of human organs to other appropriation or produc- 
 tion. The various combined coincident relations of forces in quantities 
 of wealth, or forces of non-wealth appropriated directly- with quantities 
 of wealth to their objective functions is quality, (c) The quantity of 
 forces expended (equilibrated) in appropriation, transformation, transfer 
 or preservation of wealth, end equal to their several resistences, or equil- 
 ibrate in equal quantities. The ratios of the several forces expended to 
 the quantities and their coincident or economical relations, or qualities 
 appropriated, or produced, are the measures of the efficiencies of the 
 forces so expended. The appropriative, productive, life sustaining or 
 gratifying forces of any given wealth, expending produce their several 
 functions in the ratio of their several resistences, and increase and de- 
 crease as the resistences increase and decrease within functional limits. 
 In efficiency or economy forces expending in obviation of any resistence 
 increases or economises the forces to the objective functions of the 
 appropriative, productive, or life sustaining or gratifying organs, or 
 natural means, equal to the resistance obviated, minus the obviating 
 forces in all times; or appropriates or produces an increased quantity or 
 quality, or accelerates the life sustaining and gratifying functions, or 
 continues equal activity in functions in the ratio of the resistences with 
 obviation to direct resistence. 
 
 Sec. 6. Consumption. — All forces of wealth expending (equilibrat- 
 ing) in producing wealth are productive consumption, and are always 
 in ratio with their efficient expenditure. Forces expending unproductive, 
 accompanying the productive, are unproductive consumption, and is the 
 measure of inefficiency. («) All forces of wealth expending in sustain- 
 ing the human functions of appropriation, human production, life and 
 gratification, are human consumption. The ratio of the forces in wealth 
 expended to normal functions sustained, is the ratio of economy in con- 
 sumption, (b) All forces of wealth expended, unproductive of other 
 wealth, is unproductive consumption. All human functional forces of 
 wealth expended inappropriative and unproductive of other wealth and 
 unproductive of the normal functions of life and gratification, are non- 
 economical human consumption. (<?) Forces in consumption are related 
 to other we'alth, appropriated and produced, and to the functions of the 
 organs of human life and gratification as causes. 
 
 Sec. 7, Increase of Wealth — in any supply and demand, is pro- 
 portional to the ratios of increased quantity and increased quality of the 
 wealth appropriated and produced, an increased economy in consump- 
 tion of the life sustaining and gratifying forces of wealth to organs of 
 human life and gratification, (a) Maximum increase of wealth is the 
 appropriative and productive efficiency, and economy of the life sustain- 
 ing and gratifying consumption in as perfect equipoise to human func- 
 tions of existence as the forces of the environment permit. Minimum 
 the inverse ratio of quantity and quality sufficient to continue the appro- 
 priative or productive fox-ces equal to the lowest functions of human 
 existence. 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 Sec 8. Value — is the quantity and quality of appropriative, trans- 
 formative, transferative, preservative, life sustaining or gratifying forces 
 in any given wealth, (a) Variations in value depend upon the varia- 
 tions of efficiency in appropriation and production of any given 
 wealth or variations of coincidence in the consumptive forces, to various 
 functional organs of human existence, or variations in the organs of 
 human existence to other or more economical forces of their environ- 
 ment, or variations of natural forces through slow and various causes to 
 better or worse conditions of human existence. 
 
 Sec. 9. Cost — is the quantity and quality of force expended in 
 appropriating and producing wealth in any supply and demand, (a) 
 Variations in cost depend upon the human and natural variations of the 
 appropriative and productive forces, or variations in economical or in- 
 economical conditions of the environment, or degree of economy in 
 functional consumption by the life sustaining and gratifying organs of 
 human existence, or ratio of human functions to their resistence in sup- 
 ply and demand, or approach to maximum limits, or final resistences. 
 
 Sec. 10. Physical Cause and Effect. — Any moving of matter by 
 attractive forces is cause. Any equilibrium of matter in attractive 
 forces, is effect. 
 
 Sec 11. Use. — The functions of wealth are use. 
 
 Sec 12. Social Economy is the knowledge of the laws of the effi- 
 .cient or economical, or coincident relations of the appropriative and 
 productive forces of wealth to other appropriation and production within 
 "any environment, and the relations of the consumptive forces of wealth 
 in coincident relation to the functions of life and gratification. 
 
 Sec 13. Organs of Human Life. — Organs of human life are 
 related as appropriative, productive, life sustaining and gratifying, and 
 are governed by the laws of forces, (a) The functional forces of human 
 existence in wealth, are related to their several functions as cause; 
 appropriation and production and the human functional forces in wealth 
 are related to human existence, as a concensus of causes linked in the 
 same wealth in prior and secondary time, (b) Appropriative and pro- 
 ductive forces are related to the secondary causes in the concensus as 
 first cause, and is the relation of supply and demand of appropriative 
 and productive forces. The forces in the wealth of the first cause in the 
 concensus are related to the human functions as cause, and the relation 
 of supply and demand of the life sustaining and gratifying forces. The 
 two causes in the concensus being equal, it follows supply and demand 
 in appropriation and production, are always equal to supply and demand 
 of the life sustaining and gratifying forces; but appropriation, production 
 and final consumption vary in their ratios in times and places. 
 
 Sec 14. Supply and Demand. — Supply is the quantity of forces 
 direetly appropriable from non-wealth to human life or gratification, or 
 wealth products in appropriation and preservation at any time and 
 place, for transfer to the appropriative forces of other supply or con- 
 sumption in demand. Demand is the appropriation of forces directly, 
 or wealth products in supply for other supply, or production, or' appro- 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 priation of forces of life and gratification to the organs of the functions 
 of human existence. 
 
 Sec. 15. Exchange is mutual transfer and appropriation of mutual 
 supplies between human individuals. Exchange is secondary in time to 
 primary appropriation the pivot point of wealth appropriated or produced 
 to appropriation in consumption; and is efficient appropriation of wealth. 
 (a) Supplies of wealth in exchange are related in value ratios correspon- 
 ding to the efficiencies of the several individual persons to exchange, in 
 their appropriations, productions and economies in personal consump- 
 tion, (b) Individual appropriation and production of wealth and indi- 
 vidual appropriation of the same products to other appropriation and 
 production, and to self-consumption is the fundamental relation of wealth 
 in exchange. 
 
 Sec 16. Units of Wealth. — A primary unit of wealth necessarily 
 contains such a quantity and quality of forces as will continue the funda- 
 mental functions of a human individual or unit existence to other appro- 
 priative or production, (a) The relation of the appropriative forces to 
 wealth being cause, and the relation of life sustaining forces of wealth 
 to functions of human existence being cause, it necessarily follows that 
 the appropriative and productive forces and the life sustaining forces of 
 a primary unit are absolutely necessary to human existence, and is the 
 relation of supply and demand in primary units. Supply and demand 
 is life'. No supply and demand is death, (b) Cost being the quantity 
 and quality offerees expended in appropriation and production it neces- 
 sarily follows the cost of a primary unit is absolutely the quantity 
 and quality of force expended in any time and place to continue the fun* 
 damental functions of a human existence. Variations in cost of primary 
 units correspond to increased or decreased resistance to their appro- 
 priation and production; or increased or decreased economy in consump 
 tion of the life sustaining forces in any supply and demand; or increased 
 or decreased approach to the ultimate limits of the appropriative and 
 productive forces or the life sustaining forces in any environment, (c) 
 The value ol a primary unit is the quantity and quality, or coincident 
 relations of its forces to the organical functions of life in the unit exist- 
 ence. Variations in value of a primary unit are proportional to their 
 greater or less coincident relations or quality to a greater or less eco- 
 nomical relation to functions, or greater or less economical relations of 
 the functions of unit existences to various supplies and demands and 
 races of men in times and places. 
 
 Sec 17. Primary Units — being necessary to human existence, and 
 human existence necessary to gratification, it follows that all units of 
 wealth, not primary units, are gratifying or secondary units of wealth, 
 and in unit quantity and quality depend upon a cost, equal to cost of a 
 primary unit in their supply and demand. Cost of primary and cost of 
 secondary are always equal, and vary with the primary; and in varia- 
 tions of costs of primaries and their own resistences in appropriation and 
 production and economy in consumption. .Their value quantities vary 
 always in universe ratio to their cost ratios in themselves when prima- 
 ries are constant, and in ratios of the cost variations of primaries, when 
 
 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 their own are constant, or variations in both, (a) The perception or 
 conception of value forces, or signs of value forces in primary unit sup- 
 ply, and their objective want, are motor cause of their appropriation by 
 unit existence of any secondary unit supply, and motor cau^e in the 
 transferative forces of its own supply, to the appropriative forces of unit 
 existence of primary supply. The perception or conception of the value 
 forces or signs of value forces of secondary supply units, and their objec- 
 tive want are motor cause of the appropriative forces of unit existence in 
 primary unit supply, and motor cause in transferative forces of the pri- 
 mary units to the appropriative forces of secondary unit existence, (b) 
 Motor tension of individual supply and demand coinciding with motor 
 tension in other individual supply and demand equilibrate in exchange. 
 (c) Appropriation or production of primary units or secondary units 
 by any unit existence and appropriation of the same to same unit 
 consumption, is consense cause to unit existence, and is the funda- 
 mental relation of supply and demand, (d) Units of wealth are divisi- 
 ble into an infinite number of relations in genera, specie, variety and 
 combinations of kinds. Their several relations in value quantities or 
 rythzns, are severally equal to the cost rythms of the primaries in their 
 supply and demand, and their own rythms of resistence in supply and 
 demand. Their exchange relations are same as the relations between 
 primaries and secondaries in their supply and demand. 
 
 Sec. 18. The appropiative and productive forces of wealth are nec- 
 essarily joined to their unit products, as cause and in quantity and qual- 
 ity are proportional to their efficiency in appropriation or their natural 
 or human production. The appropriative forces in production or appro- 
 priation, of units of wealth are motor and muscular forces of the organs 
 of the human body, and in appropriative action perform their functions 
 proportional to their internal relations — coinciding with the external re- 
 la: ions and is the measure of human efficiency. The human productive 
 forces are the muscular forces joined with their appropriative forces in 
 connection with external forces of natural products in their transforma- 
 tion or transfer or preservation, and in quantity and quality are equal to 
 their efficiency. The natural forces in production of units of wealth are 
 all forces other than human forces entering the products of, and in. trans- 
 formation transfer and preservation of wealth; and in quantity and qual- 
 ity depend upon their efficient relations to the wealth of human individ- 
 uals or direct ministrations to the organs of unit existence, {a) Appro- 
 priative and productive forces are divisible into appropriative and produc- 
 tive units joined to their products by the laws of efficiency in quantity and 
 quality, (h) Appropriative forces and human productive forces and hu- 
 man life sustaining torces are probably transmutable in a greater or less 
 degree into each others functions and follow the equipoise between ap- 
 propriation, production and functional activity of the organs of the body. 
 (c) Cost of appropriative and productive units are equal to the quantity 
 and quality of the forces expended in their appropriation or production 
 in any time and place, (d) Value of appropriative and productive forces 
 coincide with their efficiences or economy in appropriation and produc- 
 tion of other units of wealth and equal to their unit products in any 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 given time. Increase of appropriative and productive units are pro- 
 portional to their increased appropriation or production and increased 
 economy in consumption of the forces of the functions of life transmuta- 
 ble into organic functions of production. (e) The relation of the appro- 
 priative units joined to productive units, as causes are equal, to the va- 
 rious efficiencies of the appropriative units in their appropriations and 
 productions of productive forces and unit products, and their economy 
 in consumption of the life sustaining and gratifying forces attached. The 
 appropriative forces of appropriation, transformation, transfer, preserva- 
 tion and human consumption take the direction of greatest motor tension. 
 
 Sec, 19. Resisting forces of appropriation, production or functions 
 of human existence increase and decrease their resistences (rythm) 
 through resistences of natural forces, or increased or decreased appro- 
 propriation of productive forces without efficient use, and no use of 
 appropriative and productive forces in prior production, and appropria- 
 tive and human productive forces resisting other appropriative and pro- 
 ductive forces; and resistences to economical consumption through 
 natural resistences to the functions of human life, and inefficiencies in 
 appropriations of coincident forces of wealth to their objective relations 
 in the functions of bodily life, or inefficiency, unlawful appropriation, no 
 production and evils by men to industry and economy in other men by un- 
 certainties as to human aids or human injuries in supply and demand; or 
 want of protection to person and property, and all influences affecting 
 the motor tensions of appropriation. 
 
 Sec. 20. Ownership is any appropriation of forces of wealth or 
 unit products of wealth and appropriative units in slavery, to the use of 
 any human individual or collection of individuals. Ownerships are 
 related to their wealths through appropriation as cause, (a) Ownerships 
 are related to their units of wealth and other ownerships as increasing 
 or decreasing unit products of wealth in joined use or joined cause; and 
 increasing or decreasing the economical consumption of the human 
 forces in wealth in co-operative consumption, proportional to their several 
 greater or less efficiencies, and greater or less efficiencies and economy 
 m co-existent and sequent co-operation. 
 
 Sec. 21. Superintendency is human efficiency or economy in ap- 
 propriating and producing units of wealth and economy in human con- 
 sumption. Human efficiency or economy within maximum limits i* 
 proportional, primarily to the degree of human instinctive perception 
 and intellectual perception and conception of the efficient or economical 
 relations of the appropriative and productive forces to appropriation and 
 production — and the efficient or economical or coincident relations of 
 human consumptive forces of wealth to the human functions of appro- 
 priation, human production, human life and gratification, (genius, ; 
 knowledge, science), and secondly, the degree of motor tension and j 
 practical or habitual efficiency in appropriation, production and human 
 consumptive economy, (art, skill).' Wages of ownership or superinteu- j 
 dency are equal to quantity and quality of productive forces joined to 
 appropriative units and the efficiencies of ownerships in several, and j 
 ownerships joined under superintendeney, shewing product results in.J 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 superintendence above ownership results in several, over resistences 
 not in excess of the forces of several owerships, and resistences in excess 
 of resistences to ownerships in several; or joined ownerships in less than 
 other greater forces in other joined ownerships, in all co-operation in 
 co-existence and sequence. 
 
 Sec. 22. Exchange op Units. — Mutual transfer and appropriation 
 of mutual supplies of units of wealth between ownerships, is exchange. 
 Mutual transfer and appropriation of an equal number or quantity of 
 units, is perfect exchange. Mutual transfer and appropriation of an un- 
 equal number, sufficient to continue the appropriative forces to other 
 appropriation, is efficient exchange, (a) Transfer of units of wealth to 
 appropriative forces of ownership in descendents follows the chain of 
 natural causes in parentage and reproduction and is inheritance. Trans- 
 fer to other appropriation other than descendents without return, is gift 
 or bequest. 
 
 (b) Transfer of units of wealth through medium value units is sale. 
 Transfer of medium value units to other appropriation lor use with a re- 
 turn of equal number of medium value units with any return value 
 units for use is loan; units for use, interest. Rate of interest is the ratio 
 of interest value units to their principal value units in any supply and 
 demand. Rythm of rates the ratios of exchanges of other units of 
 wealth through medium cost units, to quantity of the medium in 
 supply and demand. Cost medium units are such a quantity of 
 money as equal the cost of a primary unit in their supply and demand 
 In an equal ratio of exchanges through medium cost units, decrease of the 
 medium quantity in any supply and demand, decreases the value quan- 
 tity in the unit to cost of the primary; increase of medium quantity 
 increases unit value quantity to cost of the primary. In increasing or 
 decreasing ratios of exchange through medium units, and increasing or 
 decreasing quantities of medium, the differences of increase or decrease 
 ratios of exchanges to differences of increase or decrease of the medium 
 quantity is the ratio of the changes in the value quantities of a cost 
 medium unit. Maximum and minimum interest coincide with the 
 maximum and minimum ratios of exchanges through miniumum and 
 maximum quantity; or their inverse resistences. 
 
 (c) Transfer of the use of productive forces or units containing pro- 
 ductive forces to other appropriation with any return units for use, is 
 
 1 loan or hire. Tranefer of the use of appropriative and productive forces 
 in human beings to other appropriation for any return units for use, is 
 labor. Units lor use, wages. Labor and wages are proportional to 
 the ratio of labor forces to their unit products in their supply and 
 demand. Wages of ownership, the ratio of their labor forces to their 
 unit products in their sopply and demand. Increase of labor forces 
 with increase of unit products increases wages. Decrease, vice versa. 
 Increase in cost of units of wealth increases labor forces to unit pro- 
 ducts. Decrease, vice versa. 
 
 (d) Appropriation of natural forces in substitution of labor forces to 
 
 i productive purposes produces units of wealth in the ratio of their quan- 
 Itaties to tkeis unit products. Wages or profits of ownership in substi- 
 
THE PHYLOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 tilted labor forces, are proportional to their quantities in production and 
 efficiency in their appropriations to prodective purposes; or unit pro- 
 ducts to the quantities of forces; or number of productive units resulting 
 in appropriative efficiency of the quantities of forces in production; or 
 quantity of productive forces divided by efficiency into productive" units, 
 equaling unit products equal to cost of primary units. 
 
 (e) In any supply and demand increase of natural forces in substi- 
 stution of labor increases the profits of their ownership, and decreases 
 the wages of labor ownership. Increase of labor forces in substitution 
 of natural forces increases wages of labor ownership and decreases pro- 
 fits of ownership in substituted labor forces. Decreased cost of units of 
 wealth through substituted labor forces decreases their cost in supply 
 and demand of ownership in labor forces. Decrease in cost of units of 
 wealth through substituted labor forces with decreased demand of labor 
 forces in equal ratio equipoises their relations. Maximum and minimum 
 profits or wages are the ratios of appropriative and productive forces to 
 their products in their inverse relations of resistences, or maximum 
 wages, are the products over least resistance. Minimum over greatest 
 resistence in any supply and demand. 
 
 (f) Transfer of the use of units of wealth in land to other appro- 
 priation for any return units for use is rent. Rate of rent is proportion- 
 al to the ratio of units in the land or attached to the land to the ratio of 
 other units of wealth entering the appropriation or production of units 
 of wealth, entering the supply and demand attached to the land. In- 
 crease or decrease of rent or cost of land is proportional to increased or 
 decreased efficiency of the appropriative and productive or consumptive 
 forces entering the supply and demand attached to the land. Ratio of 
 rent to cost of land is the ratio of the rent units to cost units in their 
 several supplies and demands. Maximum rent is unit results in the 
 highest tension of its supply and demand. Minimum unit results 
 from lowest tension in its supply and demand. The relation of rent to 
 interest, wages or profits, is inversely to their several resistances con- 
 necting them in supply and demand; or, ratio of interest and wages low, 
 ratio of rent high; resistances great in interest and wages increases rent 
 in same ratio by increased cost through supply and demand, {g) Yalue 
 of land is the quantity and quality of approp'riative and productive for- 
 ces, or human life sustaining or gratifying forces entering the supply and 
 deman_d attached, or functions of production and human existence attach- 
 ed in times and places. Increase or decrease in value of land coincides 
 with its increased or decreased quantities and qualities of appropriative 
 and productive forces, or human consumptive forces entering any sup- 
 ply and demand, or increased or decreased economy in appropriation 
 of its productive forces, and economy in consumption of its human func- 
 tional forces. 
 
 Sec. 23. ^ Ownership — or human individuals being related to others 
 life and gratifications in the consense relation of appropriation, produc- 
 tion and human consumption, it necessarily follows that in any mutual 
 transfer and appropriation, the units given are supply, the units taken, 
 demand, and are thus related to each others life and gratification in a \ 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY 
 
 double concensus of causes in co-existent or sequent time. The value 
 ratios in the supplies between the two consensus in exchanne are the 
 rythms of human efficiency in exchange; and also measures their several 
 practical efficiencies and economy in appropriation, production and 
 human consumption, (a) In supply and demand between ownerships 
 the transferring forces of supply take the direction of greatest motor 
 tension, the appropriative forces of demand take the direction of greater 
 motor tension; tension of individual supply and demand coinciding with 
 other tension of individual supply and demand equilibriate in the double 
 consensus of exchange; while the value rythms vary in the human effi- 
 ciency between the consensus, cost and value ratios in the several 
 consensus remain equilibriated to consumption. 
 
 Sec 24. The efficient relations of human individuals to wealth are 
 necessarily their several relations to their units of wealth, or appropria- 
 tive and productive forces. Their relations to the primary units, the 
 relation of their units or appropriative or productive forces to the pri 
 maries in their supply and demand. Increased consumption of the 
 primary units of wealth with increased resistance to their appropriation 
 and production increases the "struggle," tension, cost, in their supply 
 and demand proportional to the increased resistance. Decrease, vice 
 versa, (a) From the consense relation of supply and demand in pri- 
 mary units to human life, it follows that under an increasing population 
 or consumption of the primary units pressing upon individual supply and 
 demand barely sufficient to their unit existence; any further increase 
 of population or consumption or decrease of their appropriation and pro- 
 duction destroys all human existence (without gift, loan or unlawful 
 appropriation), outside of their relation of supply and demand, and an- 
 nihilates their demand, without supply, and equipoises the relation of 
 appropriation, production and human consumption. 
 
 Sec. 25, Willful Limitation — of appropriative or productive for- 
 ces of primary units in efficient demand increases the cost of their unit 
 products proportional to their increased resistance in supply and de- 
 mand, and increases the value ratio or quantity in secondary, units in 
 their supply and demand in the primaries and changes, the ratio value 
 in other units proportional to their disturbed resistances and equal to 
 changed cost of primaries. Willful limitation of any kind of other units 
 of wealth increases their cost proportional to increase resistanced in their 
 supply and demand, and decreases their value quantity in the unit pro- 
 portionally; and is monopoly. 
 
 (a) Appropriation and production of products for wealth not in 
 efficient demand is unproductive consumption of the forces of wealth. 
 Appropriation and production of any secondary units of wealth under an 
 apparent or real, increasing or efficient demand preceding a decreased 
 production of primary units raising their cost in excess of appropriative 
 ; and productive forces necessary to unit existence in the productive pro- 
 L ducts of the secondary units, results in disaster and distraction to fur- 
 ther production of such secondary products, and all such unit existence 
 ^falling out of their supply and demand of primary units. Degree of 
 such disaster or destruction to appropriative or productive forces in sec- 
 
10 THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
 
 ondary unit supply depends upon the quantity of such products falling; 
 out of the supply of primary units through inverse relations of cost and 
 value quantity below unit existence. Motor tension of unit existence 
 apprehensive of the tailing relation of supply to unit products 
 or existence in reaction, is panic. 
 
 Sec. 26. Government and Superintendence' are any number of 
 units of wealth united in any number of ownerships and superintendent 
 cies, under a supreme superintendency or government. Increase or 
 decrease of wealth in any government coincides with the natural forces 
 of wealth and their latios of resistance within its environment; and the 
 degree of primary human efficiency in several ownerships, superinten- 
 dencies, supreme superintendencies, and the degree of motor tension, 
 and practical or habitual efficiency of all practical ownerships, superin- 
 tendents and executive superintendents of government, in appropriation, 
 transformation, transfer and preservation of wealth in appropriative 
 units and their unit products; and the degree of economy practiced in all 
 human consumption; or coincident appropriation of the life sustaining 
 and gratifying forces of wealth to their several objective functions to 
 their several laws in health and moral gratification conducing to happi- 
 ness or contentment. (a) The units of wealth appropriated by any 
 supreme government and their sub-governments for control and preser- 
 vation of appropriative units, productive units and their products, are tax 
 are collectable according to laws of wealth only within the units of 
 wealth resulting from their several control and preservation. 
 
 Sec. 27. Society is any number of human individuals united by 
 their several efficiencies in any supply and demand of wealth, or bodily 
 wants or bodily and mental enjoyments. Progress in general, in com- 
 forts and wants of life and gratifications of the organs of pleasure or 
 enjoyments are proportional, primarity, to [within maximum limits] an 
 increased perception and conception of the efficient relations of appro- 
 priative units to other appropriative units in their relations to each other 
 in co-operative appropriation and production of their human comforts, 
 or bodily wan*ts and gratifications; and a better perception and concep- 
 tion of the economical relations in several or co-operative consumption 
 of the human forces of wealth, and secondly increased motor tension 
 in whole and part and practical efficiency in conducting their appropria- 
 tive and productive forces in several or joint co-operation and actual 
 economy in human consumption of the fruits of their efficiencies by each t 
 an d* all as ownerships and superintendents; or government officials, :<. 
 teachers, preachers, editors, merchants, bankers, artists, artisans and 
 laborers; and in all honor. Honor is the vis a tergo of human efficiency, j 
 Its prototype is visible in nature's productive forces, (a) Increase of 
 efficient productive units in land, increase in efficiency in appropriative 
 units and natural productive forces in substitution of labor, increase in ; 
 intelligence, increase in skill ; or general increase in appropriation and 
 production to organs of human functions, are pwri passu, general pro- 
 gress and happiness. 
 
 Sec. 28. Morals. — The efficient taking of non-wealth being firts 
 cause of wealth, and human production second cause; and appropriation 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL ECONOMY- 11 
 
 and production and human consumption being consense cause of human 
 existence, it necessarily follows that all human acts in efficient appro- 
 priation and production of the life sustaining and accompanying gratify- 
 ing forces in wealth, and their economical consumption are in accord- 
 ance with the laws of wealth, or human existence, and are lawful ap- 
 propriation and morally right. (a) The taking of productive forces 
 of uon-wealth. or wealth or their products in any efficient demand with- 
 out efficient or economical use, and the taking of wealth without effi- 
 cient exchange is destructive of the relations of appropriation and pro- 
 duction to human consumption, and is direct violation of the invariable 
 laws of wealth or human existence; is unlawful appropriation and mor- 
 ally wrong. Any effi-cient appropriation of non-wealth or production 
 of wealth transferred through any number of efficient exchanges, is an 
 efficient moral action and confers a moral title. A most efficient appro- 
 priation of non-wealth or production of wealth transferred through any 
 number of perfect exchanges is a perfect moral action and confers a 
 perfect moral title. Inefficient appropriation of non-wealth in efficient 
 demand and no use of appropriative or productive forces in efficient 
 demand, and appropria-tion of wealth prior to exchange and destruc- 
 tion of human existence linked to laws of wealth is an imperfect mor- 
 al action, and confers au imperfect moral title. 
 
 Under the laws of wealth all men, rightly or wrongly, live, move 
 and have a being. According to the laws of wealth men live and move 
 in rights equal to their efficiencies in supply and demand. Equal rights 
 between man and man is not found in the laws of wealth. 
 
 Thus all wealth are but woven links of simple causes and effects 
 arising from the great ocean of non-wealth, chaining human life here, 
 there; weaving their tiny meshes through blood and .nerve of our exist- 
 ence, touch life and thought — vanish; in part to renew their work in oth- 
 er wealth, other life. STEWAKT B. TERRY. 
 Glendale, Jackson Co., Mo., May 16, 1884. 
 
[SUPPLEMENT.] 
 Seo. 1. Human Liberty is the right of individual or collective 
 individual action within the limits of "•human efficiency.' 1 Practical 
 Liberty is any efficient line of action in individual or collective individ- 
 ual pursuit or use of efficient wealth. All other human action that effi- 
 cient action conflicts with, human rights or liberty, and is violation of 
 the laws of wealth or inefficient acts and wrong: {a) Eights in 
 Sympathy are acts arising in perception or conception of signs of 
 mental or bodily suffering or helplessness in human or other being, 
 through motive in desire and by instinct and volition coupled with acts 
 in giving aid in relief of in volitional suffering and helplessness, in all 
 degress of pain or inability in states of in volitional inefficiency. Acts of 
 sympathy are lawful within desire and instinctive and volitional means 
 ( if hum au efficiency above continuation of unit life, or unit-gronp-exis- 
 tence (family.) (a) All compulsory acts for relief of inefficiency in 
 human or other being\ at the involuntary "cost of others not within 
 unit-group containing involuntary inefficiency, conflicts with personal 
 liberty. (b) Bights in Obligation or Duty, is right of return or restitu- 
 tion of rights or things of efficient ownership, wronged or transferred to 
 other appropriation in use or trust, by the binding forces of duty or effi- 
 cient action mijwnor or volitional efficiency i or by coersive duty or obligation 
 (in breach of duty in honor) of the wrong doer, user or trustee, (c) 
 Bobbery, Theft, Murder: Appropriation of rights or things in efficient 
 ownership by any means other than efficient exchange, gift, loan or 
 inheritance, is unlawful taking, and is robbery or theft, because a direct 
 violation of the laws of wealth necessarily joined to human existence. 
 Injury or destruction of human life by human act, is injury or destruc- 
 tion of the object of wealth, and in' willfulness is criminal to human 
 existence, (d) Bights in Justice are restitution or preservation of rights 
 of person to things, or rights of person in efficient action, ^ wronged or 
 endangered through other individual inefficient or wrongful action of 
 motive, by actual or motor restraint in coersive duty, or punishment for 
 crimes against persons or property. («) Coersive Duty or _ Obligation 
 a ad Punishment, are coersive restitution to efficient ownership, rights or 
 things taken or injured in breach, robbery, theft, or inefficient or ' 'wrong- 
 ful acts,'' of wrong-doers, and in injury or crime to person or rights, 
 indemnification from efficient means of the wrong doer with coersion 
 within lines of efficiency, through actual or motor restraint to ^ineffi- 
 cient"' or wrongful actions or deprivation of efficient liberties in action 
 or motive above acts in restitution and continuation of physical life; or 
 "obviation" without the bounds of society as, resistance or "obvkfcron" 
 of life by any restraining or controlling power, (b) Actual or coersive 
 restitution and punishment, and fear of penalty, with certainty of coer- 
 sion or punishment as motor resistance in opposition to motives tending 
 to ' 'inefficient" or wrongful acts (preservation), are restraint, (c) Per- 
 sonal Wrong and Revenge, are human acts of injury or destruction, and 
 returning acts of injury and destruction to person or rights of person, 
 and are mutual or several injury or destruction of liberties, wealth or life 
 (sin, acts of hate, crime, war)- - (a) Ratios of right and wrong are the 
 •ratios of efficient acts to "inefficient acts" in all human beings of any 
 
society, in times and places, (h) All human acts are necessarily "right" 
 or "wrong." ("Human efficiency," "human resistance.") (c) From 
 "individual rights" or "liberties" in "duty" spring "restraint or con- 
 trol." Authority: All rights in common are "collective '"joined, 
 
 co-operative, (d) All acts in token of love or honor are "voluntary." 
 Coersive "tokens" violate "rights" in esteem (gift.) (<?) All human life 
 or existence follow within the lines of total "efficiency" in "appropria- 
 tion or production" of human wealth. All human acts in human appro- 
 priation are "efficient rights" or "wrongful or inefficient acts." All 
 "inefficient or wrongful acts" are resistances to efficient "rights," because 
 rights are in the lines of efficiency or appropriation and production. 
 All "resistancs" to efficient rights measure the "struggle," (efficiency 
 plus resistance) of human being in efficiency. All efficient causes in 
 coersion or punishment for wrongful acts, measure the k 'struggle" in 
 wrong, (f) Continuation of human life or existence in specie is along 
 the line of "total" efficiency" within the environment of human kind. 
 Increase in total efficiency in the human species (and all species genera, 
 etc.,)is Evolution. 
 
 Animal and Vegetable Enconomy. 
 Sec. 2. All Glass, Genera Specie of animal and vegetable life fol- 
 low the lines of efficiency (definition extended to other wealths) in their 
 several appropriations and some to no productions in their wealths. 
 Their efficient rights (definition extended) and resisting acts, inefficiency 
 or wrong (ditto) within the several species are their internal "struggle" 
 in life. Specie genera etc., within any same environment resist each 
 other when in opposition (struggle) or joined, co-operate in greater or 
 less degree. (The "humble bee" and clover, clover and domestic ani- 
 mals, domestic animals and man. In struggle, man and resisting vege- 
 tation, vegetation and injurious insects, insects and birds, etc. Extension 
 to the non-vital, rain in season and out of season. Injurious and bene- 
 ficial, heat and cold, and so on ad infinitum.) (a) The continuous 
 causes in animal and all physical life is the osculant thread of life that 
 
 in physical existence subsists as the object of wealth (consumption). 
 ****** * * * * a. 1 *'* 
 
 Sec. 4. Philosophy (efficiency). Non-continuous and continuous 
 causes in attraction are the greater attractive forces in quantities of mat- 
 ter in excess of lesser attractive quantities in some direct or resultant 
 line of opposition. Non-continuous causes equilibrate in equal resist- 
 ance. Non-continuous and continuous efficient causes are the instinctive 
 and volitional joined in attractive causes and so conditioned. Non-con- 
 tinuous efficient causes equilibrate in equal resistance; and in cause are 
 coupled with inefficiency. Instinctive and volitional resistance condi- 
 tioned in efficient cause in physical resistance is inefficiency. Efficient 
 causes joined to other efficient causes increases efficiency (co-operation). 
 Separation by inefficiency decreases efficiency and is resistance until 
 "obviated" by other efficient causes. All efficient causes are limited by 
 inefficient resistance (evil) conditioned in attractive causes in forms of 
 matter (nidus) proportional to the ratio of the efficient forces in cause to 
 the inefficient forces in resistance, (b) Nidus in all attraction, by parity 
 of coincidence in law of attraction being atoms combined in molecules, 
 
and molecules combined in quantities evolving and evolved in infinite 
 and ever varying combinations of forms in quantity and quality and 
 necessarily points of attachment for all entity, or instinctive and voli- 
 tional joined in attractive and other attractive entity, and are thus con- 
 ditioned in nidus to infinite and ever varying combinations of forms in 
 evolving and evolved nidus. Nidus or atoms combined or not in forms 
 of molecules and quantities being necessarily points of attachment, for 
 all attraction and composed of atomic attractions, and attraction being 
 universal (everywhere) by parity physical nidus are everywhere. And 
 instinctive and volitional forms infinitely limited in earthy nidus, by 
 parity life forms, are infinitely limited in universal entity nidus, (condi- 
 tions of life in suitable forms of matter), forms in physical nidus begin 
 and evolve in attractive causes— vanish ill other forms of physical nidus 
 in other attractive causes, but attractive entity and nidus is, was, always 
 was, or beginning, began how ? When ? Forms of instinctive and 
 volitional nidus begin, evolve in efficient causes and vanish into other 
 forms. But life entity is, was, always was, or beginning, began how ? 
 When? Forms of instinctive and volitional entity in nidus (tending) 
 separate (death); the physical forms into other physical forms, and 
 instinctive and volitional entity by parity of "is," "'was," w "always 
 was;" will be, (or not be, becomes nothing, how?) but conditioned in 
 other entity nidus (in tending), (immorality). (b) Non-continuous 
 forms in physical attraction osculate (by parity ever have) as continuous 
 forms in earthy, planetary and universal evolving and evolved nidus, 
 and are identical in attractive entity, but limited in quantity and quality 
 in universal attraction and physical nidus. Non-continuous forms of 
 life or limited instinctive and volitional entity forms osculate (by parity 
 ever have) as continuous forms in earthy, by parity planetary and uni- 
 versal evolving and evolved life entity nidas and are inclentical in entity 
 and as efficient cause and inefficient resistance (evil), but limited in 
 quantity and quality in universal entity and nidus. Limited and contin- 
 uous earthy life forms, by parity limited, and continuous planetary and 
 universal life forms in evolving and evolved universal life entity being 
 conditioned in universal attraction and nidus; are necessarily joined as 
 instinct in want and desire in motive as entity in physical life. Limited 
 and continuous efficiency in earthy forms being resisted by limited and 
 continuous inefficiency, by parity universal efficiency, is resisted by uni- 
 versal inefficiency. Inefficiency in earthy form being "conditioned in 
 efficiency," by parity universal inefficiency is conditioned in universal 
 efficiency, (evil conditioned in good). Limited and continuous earthy 
 efficiency evolving— tending in degree of perfection and inefficiency 
 decreasing in equal ratio, by parity universal efficiency evolving _ (and 
 evolved) are tending (tended) in degree of perfection; and inefficiency 
 decreasing (and decreased) in equal ratio, but from the universal law of 
 resistance never perfect. Instinct and volition being conditioned in 
 attractive nidus as forms of instinct in want, or instinctive knowledge 
 (with or without feeling), and volition in desire, or motive in knowl- 
 edge, evolving and evolved in coincidence of perfection in earthy, by 
 parity, universal instinct in want, or instinctive knowledge and volition 
 in desire, or motive in intellectual knowledge are evolving, or evolved, 
 
in coincidence of perfection, but by insistence never perfect. 
 
 Universal life entity as instinctive and volitional cause when joined 
 in forms in universal attractive causes as instinct in want and volition 
 in desire coupled with inefficiency is efficiency. 
 
 Efficiency being conditioned in attraction and coupled with resist- 
 ance, as instinct in want or practical knowledge, and volition in desire 
 as motor-knowledge, and by parity universal instinct and violitiuii being 
 conditioned in instinctive knowledge (with or without feeling) and voli- 
 tion in desire or motor, knowledge; therefore universal instinctive wain 
 in practical knowledge and volitional desire in motor knowledge are 
 free only within the conditions of instinctive and intellectual knowl- 
 edge, and proximity of attractive causes. Instinct in reflexion acts 
 instantly with its immediate conditions; willful (hesitating) action in 
 efficiency is free in motor-knowledge, coinciding with attractive causes 
 in efficient action. Willful action in evil is limited to motor knowledge 
 of action within attractive insistence in efficiency, and their coincidence. 
 
 Forms of earthy attractive entity with all physical forms suitable to 
 life entity, and forms of earthy instinctive and volitional entity identical 
 in all life entity, but every varying in infinite forms, and degrees in 
 instinctive and intellectual knowledge (all knowledge including motor 
 in coincidence with action), by parity universal instinctive and volition! 
 forms are ever inconceivably infinite in variations and degrees of in- 
 stinctive and intellectual knowledge. Earthy life entity in co-operation 
 with earthy attractive entity varying in forms and tending to perfection 
 in knowledge and life, by parity universal life entity (ail good and evil) 
 is ever varying in forms and tending (tended) to perfection in knowl- 
 edge and life, but in conditions and resistance never perfect. Highest 
 non-continuous and continuous earthy Man; highest non-continuous and 
 continuous universal Angel; highest in universal God; and are revealed 
 in man proportional to man's instinct and idealty in coincidence with 
 universal external reality. 
 
 The Human in the Good and Evil. — -Individual human entity, in 
 physical life and mind, reflex in instinct, volition in motive, and feeling 
 and thought in consciousness, acts and thinks within his universe, equal 
 to his instinct and idealty in coincidence with his external reality; and 
 by parity (revelation, reason), believes in other human life and con- 
 sciousness, and all earthy and universal osculant existence from the as 
 to the was, and from the was to the always was in universal existence. 
 Highest earthy — Man ''tending. 1 ' Highest universal — God "tended." 
 From "motive" in "esteem" and "volition" "conditioned" in "attrac- 
 tive form," we lift our hands in thankful praise for Thy "revelation." 
 
 S. B. T., June 20, 1884. 
 
► 
 
in coincidence of perfection, but by residence never perfect. 
 
 Universal life entity as instinctive and volitional cause when joined 
 in forms in universal attractive causes as instinct in want and volition 
 in desire coupled with inefficiency is efficiency. 
 
 Efficiency being conditioned in attraction and coupled with resist- 
 ance, as instinct in want or practical knowledge, and volition in desire 
 as motor-knowledge, and by parity universal instinct and violitioii being- 
 conditioned in instinctive knowledge (with or without feeling) and voli- 
 tion in desire or motor, knowledge; therefore universal instinctive wain 
 in practical knowledge and volitional desire in motor knowledge are 
 free only within the conditions of instinctive and intellectual knowl- 
 edge, and proximity of attractive causes. Instinct in reflexion acts 
 instantly with its immediate conditions; willful (hesitating) action in 
 efficiency is free in motordmowledge, coinciding with attractive causes- 
 in efficient action. Willful action in evil is limited to motor knowledge 
 of action within attractive resistence in efficiency, and their coincidence. 
 
 Forms of earthy attractive entity with ail physical forms suitable to 
 life entity, and forms of earthy instinctive and volitional entity identical 
 in all life entity, but every varying in infinite forms, and degrees in 
 instinctive and intellectual knowledge (all knowledge including motor 
 in coincidence with action), by parity universal instinctive and volition! 
 forms are ever inconceivably infinite in variations and degrees of in- 
 stinctive and intellectual knowledge. Earthy life entity in co-operation 
 with earthy attractive entity varying in forms and tending to perfection 
 in knowledge and life, by parity universal life entity (all good and evil; 
 is ever varying in forms and tending (tended) to perfection in knowl- 
 edge and life, but in conditions and resistance never perfect. Highest 
 non-continuous and continuous earthy Man; highest non-continuous and 
 continuous universal Angel; highest in universal God; and are revealed 
 in man proportional to man's instinct and ideaity in coincidence with 
 universal external reality. 
 
 The Human in the Good and Evil. — Individual human entity, in 
 physical life and mind, reflex in instinct, volition in motive, and feeling 
 and thought in consciousness, acts and thinks within his universe, equal 
 to his instinct and ideaity in coincidence with his external reality; and 
 by parity (revelation, reason), believes in other human life and con- 
 sciousness, and all earthy and universal osculant existence from the as 
 to the was, and from the was to the always was in universal existence. 
 Highest earthy — Man "tending." Highest universal — God "tended." 
 From "motive" in "esteem" and "volition" "conditioned" in "attrac- 
 tive form," we lift our hands in thankful praise for Thy "revelation." 
 
 S. B. T., June 20, 1884. 
 
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