?/h^ ^^. c'^"^ *' «• «*^ *°^ ^oV^ '^O •*^^o^ ^°-%. ^^-V. .0' 't-o^ , t ' • o c 0^ o Buffalo Means Business THE Index Guide to Buffalo AND NIAGARA FALLS ARRANGED ALFABETICALLY BY FREDERIK ATHERTON FERNALD Formerly Editor of Appletons' Dictionary of Ne^iv York WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS Copyright, 1910 BUFFALO, N. Y. FREDERIK A. FERNALD I9IO THE McKlNLEY MONUMENT.'.in Niagara Square G!.A2650S: HOW TO USE THE INDEX GUIDE The object of this book is to guide visitors to all places in Buffalo and vicinity and at Niagara Falls that they may desire to reach, either for business or pleasure. Its alfabetical arrangement, making an index and table of contents unneecessarj'-, is by far the best for ready refer- ence, but the stranger in Buffalo, unacquainted with the names of the city's interesting features, needs to be told what to look for. The article on Seeing Buffalo is the one that he should read first. Then under such general headings as Hotels, Parks, Summer Resorts, the various denomin- ations of Churches, Art, Monuments, Museums, Music, Theaters, etc., will be found lists of those places and institutions, many of which are fully described under their own names. Visitors desiring to see the spots associated with stirring events of the past will be directed to them by the article on Historic Sites. When a suburban place is described, the railroad or electric line by which it can be reached and the distance and fare are always given. The article Railroads tells at what depot trains arrive and depart on all the roads entering Buffalo, where their uptown ticket offices and where their freight offices are. The articles on Street Railways and Steamboats give similar information as to the electric lines and the passenger steamers. Furthermore, the many beautiful engravings in this guide make it a delightful souvenir. Under Niagara Falls and Niagara Gorge visitors will find complete directions for seeing the wonders of the Falls and the scenery along the lower river. The two cities of Niagara Falls, on the American and Cana- dian sides of the river are also fully described. To the new resident who has come to make his home in Buffalo, this guide has a value in addition to its usefulness to the transient visitor. He needs to learn quickly how to get about the city without loss of time, what Banks, Express Offices, and Post Office stations there are, what Schools, Public and Private, how and when to transact his business with the City departments, and what Political Divisions he lives in. 8 Many an old resident does not know his own city 'well, for new things are constantly coming up outside the beaten track of his daily routine, and old things are frequently changing. For their own infor- mation and in order to be prepared to show visiting friends about the City, every family that has grown up from childhood here should have this book. Most of us who accomplish creditable things build more or less upon a foundation of others' work, and I cheerfully acknowledge indettedness to my predecessors, Dr. A. B. Floyd, author of Ins and Outs of Buffalo, (1901), and C. J. Pilkey, whose guide books aided me materially in be- coming acquainted with Buffalo. The City Directory, the Evening News History of Buffalo, and the new Erie County Atlas have also furnisht information. Concerning Niagara Falls I have learnd much from the historical and descriptive book on Niagara, written about ten years ago, loy the Hon. Peter A. Porter, also from the compact little pamflet of C. E. Burk, and the guide publisht bj^ the Niagara Courier. I expect that future compilers will make similar use of my book, and they will find in it plenty of first hand information that I have personally collected and digested. I also wish to thank the officers of many institutions, so- cieties and mercantile companies, who have furnisht information when applied to. Any other persons who can supply particulars that should be included in this Guide, are invited to send the material at once for another edition that I hope will be calld for before long. Many of the simplifications in spelling recommended by the Sim- plified Spelling Board are used in this book. Where scholars like Thomas R. Lounsbury, Francis A, March, Andrew D. "White and Sir James Mur- ray and men of affairs like Andrew Carnegie, Theodore Roosevelt, Ly- man J, Gage and the late Justice David J. Brewer dare to lead, I dare to follow. FREDERIK A. FERNALD. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page. THE McKINLEY MONUMENT 2 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL STORES OF THE ADAM, MEL- DRUM & ANDERSON CO 6 THE ALBRIGHT ART GALLERY . . 8 THE AUDITORIUM BUILDING... 11 BEDELL HOUSE 16 A STATION OF THE BELL TELE- PHONE SYSTEM 18 BASCULE BRIDGE AT MICHIGAN STREET 20 MiMN STREET FROM SHELTON SQUARE 23 BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY BUILDING 26 BUFFALO MILL SUPPLY COM- PANY'S STORE 27 BUFFALO PUBLIC LIBRARY AND SOLDIERS' MONUMENT 28 NEW BUILDING FOR CANISIUS COLLEGE 33 CHXMBER OF COMMERCE BUILD- ING 37 CHILDREN BATHING AT CRADLE BEACH 39 CITY AND COUNTY HALL. ...... 45 FOUR BUFFALO CLUB HOUSES: Twentieth Centiiry, University, Country and Buffalo Yacht 47 CONTENTION HALL 49 THE BUFFALO CREMATORY .50 LAKE IN DELAWARE PARK 52 THE 1812 BOULDER ON THE PARK MEADOW 54 FEDERAL BUILDING 62 THE DEPARTMENT STORE OF FLINT & KENT 65 RED JACKET MONUMENT 67 SCENES AT FORT PORTER 69 UNVEILING OF THE TABLET AT FORT TOMPKINS 71 BUILDING OF THE FRONTIER TELEPHONE SYSTEM 73 GROSVENOR LIBRARY 75 THE WILKESON HOUSE 78 RESIDENCE OF MR. JOHN C. GLENNY 80 PART OF THE STATE HOSPITAL BUILDINGS 82 CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 84 HUYLER'S DOWN TOWN STORE. 87 INDIAN MISSION HOUSE 89 STORE OF THE IROQUOIS RUB- BER CO 90 IROQUOIS HOTEL 91 TEMPLE BETH ZION 93 LAFAYETTE HOTEL 95 THE LENOX HOTEL 98 THE BARTON-WHEELER HOUSE AT LEWISTON 100 Page. LAFAYETTE SQUARE AND THE BRISBANE BUILDING 107 MILLER'S SILK SHOP 107 GEO. E. MORE'S HATTERIE AND FURRIERIE 109 D. S. MORGAN BUILDING Ill MUTUAL LIFE BUILDING 113 65th REGIMENT ARMORY 115 74th REGIMENT ARMORY 117 PANORAMA OF NIAGARA FALLS. 119 THE AMERICAN FALL 121 NIAGARA FALLS IN WINTER 123 A POWER HOUSE OF THE NIAG- ARA FALLS POWER CO 131 THE HORSESHOE FALL 135 THE NIAGARA WHIRLPOOL 137 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF THE NICH- OLS' SCfiOOL GROUNDS 139 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL IN BUF- FALO 140 GENERATING STATION, ONTARIO POWER CO 143 THE PEOPLES BANK 147 PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO OF FREDERICK POHLE 148 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 153 ST JOSEPH'S CATHEDRAL 158 ST. JOSEPH'S COLLEGIATE IN- STITUTE 159 ST PAUL'S CHURCH 161 MASTEN PARK HIGH SCHOOL... 164 LAFAYETTE HIGH SCHOOL 165 RECEPTION ROOM OF THE SE- CURITY SAFE DEPOSIT CO 167 ENTRANCE TO MAIN VAULT 167 CONSERVATORY AT SOUTH PARK 174 DELAWARE AVENUE AT NORTH STREET 181 LOOKING WEST FROM SHELTON SQUARE 195 TAKING A BUFFALO TAXICAB.. 205 A CORNER IN THE TECK CAFE . . 205 UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO, MED- ICAL DEPARTMENT 213 STORE OF THE VOSBURGH & WHITING CO 214 WESTERN SAVINGS BANK 217 WHITE BUILDING 219 WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND IN- DUSTRIAL UNION 221 Y^OTTNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSO- CIATION 222 YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN AS- SOCIATION 223 BF^R PITS AT THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN 224 MAPS. THE CITY OF BUFFALO BUFFALO AND THE NIAGARA FRONTIER 5 i"^ X WHOLESALE AND RETAIL STORES OF ADAM, MELDRUM & ANDERSON CO. T:HE INDEX GUIDE TO BUFFALO AND NIAGARA FALLS A conjunction with an unlimited pur- chasing power enable them to main- tain an under-selling supremacy for , . ™ 111- superior grades of merchandise, Academies.-The schools bearing rpj^^ practice of this store for this name m Buffalo are the Aca- ^^^^^.1 j^^jf ^ century has been one ^r'^^,''i *?^ ^^Zf ^V^^ ' ^^^^ of lionest, straight-forward and Mary's Academy Mt Mercy Aca- broad-minded merchandising, with demy, and Mt. St Joseph s Aca- ^^^ customer's money promptly demy. Holy Angels Academy is now j,^^^^^.^^ -^ ^^^^ f^^.^ ^1^^ wonderful a department of D'Youville College. ^h ^nd success accorded ^lis (See Schools, Private). business may be attributed chiefly Adam, Meldrum & Anderson Co. — to a steadfast policy: the best goods Some of the older inhabitants, from the best factories at the lowosc familiar with the growth of B\!f possible prices for which such gojiU falo's business enterprises, will no re Auditorium.-This attractive ball Jan. 2d m each year, the board must j j- in ,, 1 4- n room and audience hall, occupying prepare the general assessment rolls, ,, x- j.i • t ^ J xt. a ;3- which shall then be open to public J^^. entire third floor of the Audi- inspection for at least 20 days. Dur- ^^"^^ ^^"!?^^f . ^^ ^.^^P^^^i, *° ^i^^ ing such time applications for cor- ^^^^^ 9^. ^^s kind m Buffalo for rection may be made. The assessors entertaining purposes. It is with- must make anv corrections that they l^ easy access of residents of all sec- deem justified^and file a revised copy */«?«, as the Elmwood and West of the rolls in the controller's office ^t^^^ street cars pass the doors, and on or before Feb. 15. ^^.^ f ^^^S\ ?5 ^^ ^^?- ^r^t^^"" ^^ The board also assesses the cost minutes of telefone call. The white of local improvements upon the lands "^^Pl^ Aoor measures 40 by 80 feet; benefited by them. Eolls for local ^^^^\ ^^'^^^ ^^""^ *« ^t- '"1^' rS^ assessments must be open for public ^f ™g Pe^fect ventilation. The inspection and subject to correction chandeliers of heavy brass are most for 10 days. Notices must be pub- artistic, and the illumination is fur- lisht in the official newspaper when- ^^^^^ ^^ 150 incandescent lamps so ever rolls are open for inspection, arranged that any effect desirable and notices of local assessments must ^f^ ^^^ obtamd. The decorative be maild to property owners at their f^^^"^^ ^^^"*^"* }^ ^^^"^ m wa Is of last known addresses. !^^^' draperies, hangings and shades m red and green, and divans m mis- Athletics. — The chief track ath- sion, with leather upholstery, letic contests in Buffalo are the in- In conne*ction with the ball room door meets held in the armories of are elaborately furnisht reception the 65th and 74th Regiments. There parlors, dressing and smoking rooms are several each winter, which are at the disposal of lessees, providing duly advertised. The four high an ideal rendezvous for dancing schools and the Y. M.C. A. also have parties. The stage is 17 by 20 feet, teams for track athletics and for and ideally equipt for private theat- base ball, foot ball, basket ball, etc. ricals, concerts, conventions, lectures. In addition to the facilities afforded musicales and graduating exercises, by the above institutions, there are Chairs are furnisht and placed for several gymnasiums in the city, all occasions. maintaind by societies and by public The AUDITORIUM ANNEX, with instructors. Buffalo has a profess- ^ floor space of 40 by 60 feet, is on lonal base ball team, which is a mem- the main floor and can be enterd ber of the Eastern League, and the either on Elmwood av., or from ball American game is m high favor y^om. All woodwork is of dark oak, with all classes, from the City ^road design, with green walls and fathers down to the '^kids on the trimmings. Heavy chandeliers of ox-i • dized copper. Tungsten lamps with Athol Springs is a suburban place Tiffany shades, and 50 other lights on the shore of Lake Erie, 9 miles artistically placed furnish the il- from Buffalo. Reached by Lake lumination. The floor space has ac- 10 11 eommodation for banquets of 130 covers. The equipment includes a, complete kitchen and dining service. Patrons can arrange for luncheons and dinners of any style. The Annex hall is also adapted to use for small dancing parties, musieales, literary or social meetings, card parties, afternoon teas, wedding receptions, etc. Management of Arthur J. Funk. Aurora is a town of Erie county southeast of Buffalo. The Pennsylva- nia and Buffalo, Eochester & Pitts- burg railroads have stations in the town. It contains the village of East Aurora. Automobiles. — Buffalo is emphatic- ally an automobile city. Several of the largest factories for building motor cars in the country are here, the agencies maintaind in this city by all the leading companies attest the standing of Buffalo as a market, and the many miles of asphalt-paved streets and macadamized park drives make auto driving a pleasure and the use of auto trucks of great advant- age for business. . Among the lead- ing factories are those of the Pierce- Arrow Motor Car Co., on Elmwood av., the E. E. Thomas Motor Co., on Niagara st., and the Babcock Elec- tric Carriage Co., on W. Utica st. Many of the sales rooms are groupt on Main st., above Tupper, and in the same locality are the rooms of the Automobile Club of Buffalo, in the Teek Theater Bldg. Cars for hire can be had from the C. W. Miller Transfer Co., the Buffalo Taxicab Co, and at the public stand east and south of Lafayette Square. A per- son taking a car across the Niagara Eiver ^ should get a bond thru a Canadian custom house broker, per- mitting the ear to cross and recross the boundary for three months. The Buffalo Automobile Show, held under the auspices of the Au- tomobile Trade Association and the Automobile Club, is an annual event of great interest both to the trade and to users of motor cars. Automobile supplies can be pur- chased at a number of stores on Main st., and the Iroquois Eubber Co., 379-83 Washington st., keeps an excellent line. «^ 12 B Banks. — The present Banks and Trust Companies of Buffalo have an enviable record for both enterprise and stability. There are 11 banks of deposit and discount, 3 trust com- panies and 4 savings banks in the city. The savings banks and trust companies are open from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m. on business days, except Saturday, when the hours are from 9 a. m, to 12 m. The other banks open at 10 a, m. and close at 3 p. m. except Saturday, when their hours are from 9 to 12. All banks are closed on the following State holi- days: Jan. 1, Feb. 12 and 22, May 30, July 4, Labor day, Oct. 12, Elec- tion day, Thanksgiving day, and Dec. 25, In the following list the chief facts about each institution are given, including the year in which it was establisht. The surplus and the deposits are stated in round num- bers, and it should be understood that these figures increase with the growth of business. BANKS OF DEPOSIT AND DIS- COUNT. BANK OF BUFFALO, 236 Main St. Est. 1873. Capital, $500,000; surplus and profits, $7.50,000; de- posits, $^8,385,000. President Elliott C. McDougal; Cashier, John L. Dan- iels. CENTEAL NATIONAL BANK, Main st. and Broadway. Est. 1905. Capital, $200,000; surplus and prof- its, $92,000; deposits, $1,750,000. President, George F. Eand; Cashier, Eaymond E. Winfield. CITIZENS BANK, 561 William St. Est. 1890. Capital, $100,000; sur- plus and profits, $300,000; deposits, $2,705,000. President, Joseph Block; Cashier, Norman A. MacDonald. COLUMBIA NATIONAL BANK, 242 Main st. Est. 1892. Capital, $2,000,000; surplus and profits, $925,- 000; deposits, $7,690,000. Presi- dent, George F. Eand; Cashier, Louis H. Gethoefer. GEEMAN-AMEEICAN BANK, 428 Main st. Est. 1882. Capital, $300,000; surplus and profits, $315,- 000; deposits, $5,080,000. President, Edwin G. S. Miller; Cashier, Edward A. Weppner, MANUFACTUEEES AND TEAD- EES NATIONAL BANK, 270 Main St. Est. 1856. Capital, $1,000,000; surplus and profits, $1,450,000; de- posits, $15,190,000. President, Eobert L. Fryer; Cashier, Harry T. Eamsdell.* MAEINE NATIONAL BANK, 220 Main st. Est. 1850. Capital, $1,- 500,000; surplus and profits, $1,- 642,000; deposits, $21,170,000. Presi- dent, Stephen M. Clement; Cashier, Clifford Hubbell. MAEKET BANK, 598 Main st. Est. 1903. Capital $100,000; surplus and profits, $40,000; deposits, $890,- 000. President, Elliott C. Mc- Dougal; Cashier, George Meadway. PEOPLES BANK, Main and Sene- ca sts. Est. 1889. Capital, $300,- 000; surplus" and profits, $330,000; deposits, $4,920,000. President, Arthur D. Bissell; Cashier, Edward J. Newell.* THIED NATIONAL BANK, 275 Main st. Est. 1865. Capital, $500,- 000; surplus and profits, $116,000; deposits, $3,550,000. President, John W. Eobinson; Cashier, George A. Drummer. UNION STOCK YAEDS BANK, William and Depot sts. Est. 1904. Capital $150,000; surplus and profits, $50,000; deposits, $705,000. Presi- dent, Irving E. Waters; Cashier, *See separate article. 13 Charles C. Theobald. Will estab- lish a branch at Broadway and Fill- more av. SAVINGS BANKS. AMEEICAN SAVINGS BANK, 215 Main st. Est. 1907. Deposits $1,000,000; surplus, $14,000. Presi- dent, Herbert A. Meldrum; Secre- tary, Clarence F. Powell. Open Saturday evenings, from 7 to 9. BUFFALO SAVINGS BANK, Main and Genesee sts. Est. 1846. Deposits, $28,295,000; surplus, $2,= 856,000. President, Spencer Clinton; Secretary, Edward G. Becker. EEIE COUNTY SAVINGS BANK, Main and Niagara sts. Est. 1854. deposits, $43,535,000; surplus, $3,- 845,000. President, Eobert S. Don- aldson; Secretary Eobert D. Young. WE'STEEN SAVINGS BANK, Main and Court sts. Est. 1851. De- posits, $8,000,000; surplus, $776,000. President, Albert J. Wheeler; Sec- retary, Franklin W. H. Becker.* TEUST COMPANIES. BUFFALO LOAN, TEUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT CO., 449 Main st. Est. 1881. Capital $200,000; surplus and profits, $75,000; deposits, $2,- 950,000. President, George Urban, Jr.; Secretary, Charles E. Clark. COMMONWEALTH TEUST COM- PANY, Main and Niagara sts. Est. 1903. Capital, $500,000; surplus and profits, $505,000; deposits, $6,390,000. President, Eben O. McNair; Secre- tary, William E. Danforth. FIDELITY TEUST COMPANY, Main and Swan sts. Est. 1893. Capital $500,000; surplus and profits, $450,000; deposits, $8,260,000. Presi- dent, George V. Forman; Secretary, Edgar A. Taylor, Baptist Churches. — The Baptist denomination is one of the strong- *See separate article. est in Buffalo, having the follow- ing list of churches: — BETHEL (German), Johnson st. near Sycamore st. CAZENOVIA PAEK, Cazenovia st. CEDAE STEEET, S. Division and Cedar sts. DEAEBOEN STEEET, Dearborn st. near Amherst. DELAWAEE, Delaware av. near Utica St. EMMANUEL, Ehode Island st. EBENEZEE (German), Metcalf st. near Clinton. FILLMOEE, 46 Fillmore av. FIEST, North and Pearl sts. FIEST GEEMAN, 41 Spruce st. FIEST POLISH, 680 William st. FIEST FEEE, Hudson st. noRT Fargo av. GLENWOOD AVENUE, Glenwood av. and Purdy st. HEDSTEOM MEMOEIAL, Summer St. HUNGAEIAN, 21 Clay st. HUNT AVENUE, Hunt av. and Gal- latin st. FIEST ITALIAN, Edison st. near E. Delavan av. KENSINGTON, E. Delavan av. near Deerfield. LAFAYETTE AVENUE, Lafayette av. and Tryon st. ^ViAPLE STEEET, Maple and Vir- ginia sts. MICHIGAN STEEET (colored) Michigan st. near Broadway. PAEKSIDE, Beard av. and Parker St. PEOSPECT AVENUE, Georgia st. and Prospect av. EEID MEMOEIAL, William st. near Coit st. SECOND ITALIAN, 210 Trenton av. SECOND FEEE, W. Ferry and Grant sts. SECOND GEEMAN, Northampton st. and Wohlers av. SOUTH SIDE, Triangle st. and Good av. 14 THIRD GEEMAN, Mulberry and High sts. Base Ball. — The great American game is a prime favorit in this city. Buffalo supports a professional team in the Eastern League, composed of Baltimore, Buffalo, Jersey City, Montreal, Newark, Providence, Rochester and Toronto. League games are playd in Olympic Park, at E, Ferry and Michigan sts. The following is the list of games that the Buffalo team will play at home in 1910: Providence, May 9, 10, 11, 12; Newark, May 13, 14, 16, 17; Jersey City, May 18, 19, 20, 21; Baltimore, May 23, 24, 25; Rochester, May 26, 27, 28 (two games); Montreal, May 30 (two games), June 1; Toronto, June 2, 3, 4; July 4 (two games), 5, 6; Montreal, July 7, 8, 9 (two games) ; Providence, July 18, 19, 20, 21; Jer- sey City, July 22, 23 (two games), 2.5; Baltimore, July 26, 27, 28, 29; Newark, July 30 (two games), Aug. 1, 2; Providence, Aug. 19, 20 (two games) ; Jersey City, Aug. 22, 23, 24; Baltimore,' Aug.' 25, 26, 27 (two games) ; Newark, Aug. 29, 30 (two games), 31; Rochester, Sept, 1. 2. 3 (two games) ; Montreal, Sept. 5 (two games), 6; Toronto, Sept. 8, 9, 10 (two games) ; Rochester, Sept. 12, 13, 14. Batavia is the county seat of Genesee County. The township was formd in 1802 and the village of Batavia, which is in the central part of the township, was incorpor- ated April 23, 1823. It is 36 miles northeast of Buffalo and is reached by the N. Y. Central, Lehigh Valley and Erie railroads. Fare, 72c. Popu- lation in 1900, 9180. Tonawanda creek runs thru the township from easi to west. Batavia is the seat of the State Institution for the Blind and here also is the Agriculrual Park, where the yearly agricultural fairs of Genesee county are held. It has 14 churches, 4 banks, 6 fire com- panies, 2 newspapers, a. high school, a public library and a hospital. Among its industries are two elec- tric power plants, one of which runs the local trolley line, granit works, preserving works, and factories for making fire-arms, carriages, sashes, doors and blinds, farming implements and machinery, shoes, galvanized iron ware, rubber tires, paper boxes, cut glass, flour and other goods. The office of the Holland Land Co., built in 1804, stands on W, Main st. and was converted into a historical mus- eum in its centennial year. There is a statue of William Morgan, of Anti-Masonic fame in Batavia, which was his home. Baths. — Turkish bath establish- ments for men and for women, also places where ordinary baths with hot and cold water may be had, can be found by reference to the classified section of the city directory. One of the best of tnese for men is the Morgan Turkish Baths in the base- ment of the D. S. Morgan Building, Pearl and Niagara sts., and one of the best for ladies is the Summer Street Baths at 19-21 Summer st. There are two free bath houses maintaind by the . city, which are substantial buildings erected for the purpose. No. 1 is at 243 Terrace and No. 2 at Woltz av. and Stanislaus st. The hours for men an^ boys at No. 1 are from 7 a. m. to 12 m. and from 5 to 9 p. m.; Sundays and holidays from 7 to 10 a. m.; for women and girls from 12 m. to 5 p. m. There are 14 rooms with a shower bath in each, also an open space with showers for children. There is a laundry where bathers can wash and dry their own clothing and a tub in which mothers can bathe young children. This bath house was opend Jan, 1, 15 >- z o CO D O X -J UJ Q UJ QQ 16 1897, and was the first of its kind in the country. Bath house No. 2 has 14 rooms in the men's section and an open space for boys. The laundry has 3 tubs. There is a separate section for women and girls which is open from 12 m. to 8 p. m.; Sundays and holida^^s from 7 to 10 a. m. These baths are sup- plied with hot and cold water and are open the year around. Bay Beach is a cottage resort on the Canadian shore of Lake Erie, be- tween Crystal Beach and Point Abino. Bay View is a suburban place on the shore of Lake Erie, 8 miles south of Buffalo. Reached by Lake Shore or Pennsylvania railroad, also by Buffalo & L. Erie electric cars. Bedell House. — This is a well known pleasure and health resort of the highest class, delightfully situ- ated on the east shore of Grand Island, about 6 miles from the center of the city of Buffalo. The hotel was opend in 1877, and is a first- class house, surrounded by a beau- tiful park, with large shade trees, well grown shrubbery, and smooth lawns. It has about 40 rooms, elec- tric lighting, gas, and steam plants, modern sanitary plumbing, and hot and cold baths. French chefs have charge of the careful selection and skilful preparation of the food. The rates are, European plan, $1 a day up. There is a stable of well broken saddle and harness horses, and ex- cellent facilities for boating, bath- ing, and fishing. There are also ar- rangements for the care of auto- mobiles. Back of the hotel are a spacious dancing pavilion, and a Mid- way, with high class amusement at- tractions, making it a favorite resort for club, church, and school out- ings. The Launch Club and the Motor Boat Club have beautiful houses in the near vicinity, and many exciting races are held on the Bedell House course. Other club houses and many charming villas and cottages, the summer homes of prom- inent Buffalonians, are also near by. The Bedell House is reached by the steamer Ossian Bedell from West Ferry St., making one trip in the forenoon and four or five in the afternoon and evening. Fare 25 cents, with return. Guests of the hotel free. The Grand Island ferry, which carries vehicles, also lands near the hotel. Extensiv improve- ments and additions are pland for next season. Bell Telephone System. — The in- dustrial and social telephone needs of Buffalo are well cared for by the Bell System, which operates here un- der the name of the New York Tele- phone Company. The plant is a very comprehensive one, and includes 8 central office buildings. One of the branch offices, typifying the style of building construction used, is shown in accompanying illustration. On February 1, 1910, 25,000 tele- phones were in service here and hun- dreds of new stations are added each month. The first class hotels have Bell telephones in every room and great telephone development has been accomplished among the rail- road interests centering in Buffalo. Almost every large mercantile estab- lishment has a Bell Private Branch Exchange, and the familiar Blue Bell Public Telephone Station signs are seen everywhere. The local exchange connects with the lines of the great Bell Long Distance System, making possible connection with over 4,500,- 000 telephones in this country and Canada. The New York Telephone Company's equipment is of the most modern type, insuring the best ser- vice. Eeasonable rates are quoted for business and residence service 17 CO Hi Z o X Du UJ UJ H J -I U CQ H u. O Z o p < < 18 on both unlimited and message charge schedules. Belt Line. — A local branch of the N. Y. Central railroad which encir- cles the central business and resi- dence sections of the city. The route is from the Central depot over the tracks of the Niagara Falls branch along the water front as far as Black Eock, then turning east and running north of Delaware park, then south thru the east central part of the city to Exchange st. Trains run both ways. The circuit is about 15 miles and the running time is 45 minutes, including over 20 stops. Fare 5c. Black Bock. — A locality in the northern part of the city on the Nia- gara river. It was once a separate village and was expected to grow be- yond the settlement on Buffalo Creek, but the latter eventually absorbd it. The first lake steamer, to which was given the Indian name for a steam- boat, Walk-in-the-Water, was launcht at Black Eock in 1818. The old Black Eock ferry across the Nia- gara river ran from a landing several blocks south of W. Ferry st. There are two Black Eock stations, near Niagara st. north of Forest av., for Belt Line, Niagara Falls, Grand Trunk and Michigan Central passen- ger trains, and a great quantity of freight is also handled here. On the Niagara st. bridge spanning Scaja- quada creek is a tablet with this in- scription. ''Near and around this spot was fought the battle of Black Eock, August 3, 1814, between Ameri- can and British troops, in which the former were successful. Erected by the Niagara Frontier Landmarks As- sociation, 1902." Black Rock Harbor is a side chan- nel of the Niagara river between Squaw island and the main shore. It serves as a section of the Erie canal and accommodates considerable lake shipping. Blasdell is a village in the northern part of the town of Hamburg, 8 miles from Buffalo. Eeached by Pennsylvania, Erie and Lake Shore railroads. Fare 20c., round trip 30c.; also by Buffalo & Lake Erie electric cars. Breakwaters. — The first breakwa- ter protecting the outer harbor of Buffalo was built between 1868 and 1893, of timber cribs. It starts oppo- sit the south bank of Buffalo river, about half a mile out in the lake, and runs southeast paralel with the shore 7,600 feet, or nearly a mile and a half. Immediately after this another section was built, beginning at the southern end of the first, with an en- trance between them, and extending in the same direction 10,000 feet. The greater part of this breakwater is of stone and the rest of timber crib and concrete. ^ At the southern end is the south harbor entrance and then a third section of breakwater, 2,803 feet long, running to the shore which curves out to meet it at Lacka- wanna. These were built by the U. S. government. North of Buffalo river and close in shore is the Erie Basin breakwater, about half a mile long, built by the State of New York. North of that and further out is the North break- water, 2,200 feet long, a government work. Beyond the North breakwater, but nearer the shore is another State work, which runs north-west nearly half a mile, then turns north into the Niagara river and continues under the name of the Bird Island Pier, nearly two miles to Squaw island. Much of the crib construction built by the government has been replaced by stone and concrete. Bric-a-brac, see Antique Shop. Bridgeburg is a village at the Ca- nadian end of the International bridge. Eeached by the Grand Trunk or Michigan Central railroad- 19 Bridges. — The largest bridge wholly or partly within the city of Buffalp is the International bridge crossing the Niagara Eiver to the Canadian shore. This is a railroad bridge, but one of the conditions of the franchise for building it was that a carriage way and footwalks should be added. These additions have not yet been made. It is nearly three quarters of a mile long, is supported on 6 stone piers and has two draws, are about 20 smaller bridges in the city, crossing Scajaquada creek, the upper part of Buffalo river, and other small water courses. Brock's Monument. — One of the chief points of interest at which pas- sengers around Niagara Gorge stop over is Brock's Monument on Queens- ton Hights. The monument is 200 feet high and was erected in honor of Gen. Sir Isaac Brock who was kild in battle here in the War of 1812. BASCULE BRIDGE AT MICHIGAN STREET each 100 feet wide. It sta,rts a little south of Amherst st., spans the narrow channel calld Black Rock harbor, then is carrid over Squaw island, and thence across the main channel of the river. The cost of the structure was $1,500,000 and it was opend for traffic in 1873. The Michigan st. bridge across the Buffalo river is a counter balanced drawbridge of the bascule type, built in 1897. The South Michigan st. bridge, crossing the City Ship canal and the Ohio st. bridge over the Buffalo river, completed in 1908, are also of the bascule type, familiarly called ''jack-knife" bridges. There On Oct. 13, 1812, an American force crost the river stormd the hights, and captured Fort Drummond. Later in the day the British were reinforced, but the Americans could not get rein- forcements, owing to the unwilling- ness of the militia to cross the river, and were obliged to surrender the po- sition. The ramparts of Fort Drum- mond can still be seen in the woods back of the monument. The spot where Gen. Brock fell is part way down the slope toward Queenston, and is markt by a cenotaph, erected by the present King of England when visiting America in 1860. It stands within a few feet of the railway. 30 Brocton is a town on the shore The thermometer seldom reaches 0° of L. Erie, 50 miles southwest of in winter or 90° in summer, and Buffalo. Eeaehed by Lake Shore, neither cold waves nor hot waves Pennsylvania or N. Y., Chicago & St. are frequent or severe. The number Louis railroads- fare $1.27, round trip of cloudy days in a year is rather $2.45. Also by Buffalo & L. Erie large, but threatening weather more electric cars; fare $1.05, round trip often results in only a sprinkle or $1,90. It is the chief center of the a snow flurry than in'any heavier pre- ©•reat wine industry carrkl on in cipitation. There is not much thunder the grape belt of western New York, and lightning and wind storms seldom and a visit to the immense cellars do materia^ damage, except along the there and to the vineyards round water front, about is well worth while. HISTORY. After the close of the Buffalo. — GEOGRAPHY. This city Revolutionary war, emigration from occupies an approximately reetangu- the seaboard westward was encour- lar tract of land, with its greatest aged, a.nd among the settlements dimension from north to south, but made in the next few years was one with the southern half narrowd by near the mouth of Buffalo creek. The the southeast trend of the lake shore, first white settler was Cornelius It is 8% miles long and the northern Winne, a trader from Fishkill, who half is about 5 miles wide. Its area built his house east of Main st., is 42.89 square miles. Buffalo is below Exchange. A large tract of bounded on tne north by the towns land including Buffalo and surround- of Tonawanaa and Amherst, on the ing territory, held by Massachusetts east by Cheektowaga and West under an early colonial grant, was Seneca, on the soutu by the city of sold to Robert Morris, of Phila- Lackawanna, and on the west by delphia, and by him to the Holland Lake Erie and the Niagara river. Land Co., in 1793. All abstracts The southern jjart of the city is of real estate titles in this vicinity crost from east to west by the tortu- run back to that company. Joseph ous Buffalo river, formerlv calld Ellicott was made its chief surveyor, Buffalo creek, and the land for some and under his direction the lands distance north of the river and south along the banks of the creek were of it to the city line is low and surveyd in 1801. Three years later level. Going north thru the central he laid out the city from the creek part of the city the land gradually north to Chippewa st., and from rises until at High and North sts. Oneida (now Ellicott) st. west to it is 90 feet above datum. Further about the line of Carolina st. The north it slopes down to the valley company gave the place the name of Scajaquada creek, beyond which is of New Amsterdam, which did not the highest land in the city — 120 feet sticK any better than it did to New above datum, near the northeast York, for within ten years the name corner. Buffalo was fixt for all time. CLIMATE. — Buffalo is blest with a Separated from British territory remarkably equable temperature, due only by the Niagara river, the fron- mainly to the fact that there is a tier from L. Erie to L. Ontario large body of water to the westward became one of the chief scenes of and another a short distance north, hostilities in the War of 1812. There which warm up very slowly in spring was a strong British garrison at Fort and cool off just as slowly in autum. Erie at the outbreak of the war, and 21 measures for defence were quickly- taken on the American side. A force consisting partly of regulars and partly of militia, under Gen. Van Eensselaer, was sent to the Niagara Frontier, and forays were made across the river from both sides, in which several sharp engagements were fought. (See Historic Sites). At this time the population of Buf- falo was about 1,500. On Dee. 30 1813, a force of British and Indians under Gen, Eiall crost the river by night and landed below Squaw island. The militia and volunteers hastend to oppose them, but without avail. The enemy marcht along Nia- gara St. into the village and during their advance the women and child- ren fled into the country. The iiritish then .burnd the village, only one house escaping the flames and returnd across the river. In a week or two rebuilding began. In 1816, Buffalo became an incor- porated village, and in 1832 it was made a city, having then a popula- tion of 10,000. An event of great importance for the commerce of this city was the opening of the Erie canai, Oct. 26, 1825, connecting L. Erie at Buffalo with the Hudson river at Albany. This made Buffalo an important terminal point within the next few years. Water trans- portation of freight and passengers thru this gateway increast by leaps and bounds, until in 1842 the first railroad enterd the city, and was followd by others. The railways paralyzed the water traffic for the time being, but only to replace it by land transportation of much greater volume. An immense movement of supplies thru Buffalo during the Civil War, taxt the facilities of both the land and the water routes. This activity was followd by a disheart- ening stagnation at the close of the war, but not many years past before the natural growth of the city's trade was using to their full capa- city the facilities that had been over-stimulated in war time, and now the Erie canal is being enlarged and shippers are demanding exten- sions of the railway terminals. Hun- dreds of acres in East Buffalo are already coverd with tracks, etc., so that this part of the city is known as a district of freight yards, and here occurd the famous railroad riot of 1892. The attention of the world was drawn to this city in 1901 by the Pan-American Exposi- tion, held in Delaware Park and on lands adjoining, which was one of the most beautiful and instructive exhibitions ever yet seen. Among the residents of Buffalo who were prominent in its early his- tory was Joseph Ellicott, chief sur- veyor and alcerward sales agent of the Holland Land Company, who selected the site for the city, and ensured its settlement. Another was Samuel Wilkeson, ship builder and merchant, a resident of Buffalo from 1814 to his death in 1848. In 3 822 he secured the terminal of the Erie canal for Buffalo creek insted of Black Eock, He was judge of the oommon Pleas court. State senator and in 1836 became mayor of Buffalo. Millard Fillmore came to Buffalo in 1822, studid and practiced law here, was elected to the State Assem- bly, afterward to Congress and vice- president of the United States in 1848. By the death of Gen. Taylor he became president in 1850, and after completing his term resided in Buffalo until his death in 1874. Dr. Ebenezer Johnson settled in Buffalo in 1809, servd as surgeon's mate in the War of 1812, and after- ward engaged in the drug business and other mercantile affairs. In 1832 he was elected the first Mayor of the city, and was elected for another > z 73 m 73 O w X m o z a» O C > 23 term three yars later. His house still stands on Delaware av., and a part of his ample grounds is now included in the park system under the name of Johnson Place. William G. Fargo was a mail car- rier on horseback in Onondaga county when only 13 years of age. jtie came to Buffalo in 1843 as an express agent and in 1844 joind with two partners in establishing an express line to Detroit. This busi- ness was united with others in 1850 to form the American Express Co. In 1851 Mr. r'argo, Henry Wells and others founded the express business of Wells, Fargo & Co., operating between New York and the Pacific coast, which has grown to be one of the giant companies in this line. He was the war time mayor of Buffalo having been elected in 1861, and re- elected in 1863. Grover Cleveland came to Buffalo in 1855, studid and practiced law, was sherif of Erie county and in ^ 1881 was elected mayor of Buffalo. The next year he was elected gover- nor of New York and in 1884 presi- dent of the United States. He was defeated for re-election in 1888 but won again four years later. After retiring from the presidency, he took up his residence at Princeton, N. J. The splendid position of Buffalo as regards transportation brought many factories to locate here, which have added to the population and wealth of the city, and contributed, along with other classes of business, means for the erection of many handsome homes, business blocks and public buildings. The future promises greater triumphs and greater expan- sion for the (^ueen City. Energetic citizens are working to ensure the early fulfilment of Buffalo's glorious commercial destiny, and their spirit is well exprest in the slogan ' ' Buffalo Means Business," selected for the city by the Advertising Club in 1908. Any one who wants proof as to the appropriateness of this slogan, should get permission to go up to the roof of the Chamber of Commerce build- ing, from which he can see compactly massed block after block of stores, banks, and shops stretching away to the north, to the east, and the south, with high office buildings and hotels, and the towers of the post office and the city hail rising among them. He can see also the tracks of many busy railroads, running to all points of the compass, great ele- vators and coal trestles rising along the water front, with fleets of steam- ers lying at their wharves or making their way out into the broad lake, and the long lines of the break- waters protecting the city's harbor. Numerous wreaths of smoke and steam rising from factories and workshops are proofs of busy labor below, while the slender spires of St. Paul 's and St. Joseph 's cathedrals and the white shaft of the McKinley monument testify that other than material things are also held in honor here. CITY GOVEENMENT. The charter of the city, revised in 1891, provides for a Mayor and a Common Council consisting of two chambers, a board of Councilmen and a board of Aldermen. The care of the streets, waterworks and public buildings, and the supervision of private building operations is delegated to the com- missioner of Public Works, The Po- lice, Fire and Park departments are conducted by commissions of 3 or 5 members. The schools are in charge of a Superintendent of Education. Other boards are the Assessors, Board of Health, Examiners and Exicse Commissioners, and other single heads of departments are the Comptroller, Treasurer, Corporation Counsel and Overseer of the Poor. 24 The term of office of all elective offi- cers begins on the first day of Janu- ary following their election. POPULATION. The first settlers of Buffalo were English colonists and their descendents, who came from eastern New York and from New England. When the tide of German immigration had set in strongly, Buf- falo receivd its share of the new blood, and today a large part of its prosperous and substantial citizens are of German descent. Other peoples largely represented here are the Italians and Poles. But while the Germans have readily adopted the language of their Anglo-Saxon cousins and interraingld with them, the Italians and Poles, differing more from the English in speech and racial character, have remaind somewhat isolated. Each country of Europe has contributed its quota of Hebrews, who have here, as elsewhere, con- querd such obstacles as a strange language or new customs that stood in the way of their advancement. There are a few negroes in the city. The popluation of Buffalo in 1830 was 10,000, in 186a it was 81.000, in 1880 it was 155,134 and in 1900 it was 352,387. The census of 1910 will doubtless show it to be considerably above 400,000. (See Manufactures.) Buffalo Fine Arts Academy. — This society was organized in 1862 to maintain a permanent collection of works of art, an art library and an art school, and to foster art in all its branches. Its collection occupies the Albright Art Gallery. Persons who contribute $1,000 or more to the Academy may be elected fellows; those who contribute $100 of more may be elected life members. Asso- ciate members pay dues of $10 a year and artist members $5. There are about 400 members of all classes. The president is Wm. A. Eogers and the secretary is Ealph Plumb. The col- lections are in charge of an art director. Buffalo Historical Society. — This institution, organized in 1862, occupies its own building in Delaware Park, near Elmwood av. The build- ing is of white marble, with a fine Doric portico, and cost upwards of $200,000. It was erected jointly by the State of New York, the city of Buffalo and the Buffalo Historical Society in 1900 and was used by the State as headquarters for its com- mission during the Pan-American Exposition in 1901, at the close of which it became the property of the Historical Society. The Society maintains a museum which is the chief repository for his- torical material in western New York. In the basement is a collec- tion of articles belonging to the early days of Buffalo and vicinity. The North Hall, main floor, contains relics of the American wars, models and pictures of the Pan-American Exposition and a small collection of Etruscan copper, pottery, beads, etc. The upper floor contains the Cottier, Scoville, Atkins, Silver and Benedict Indian collections; the Auman, Jordan and other collections from the Phillipines and Cuba; the James coin and Medal collection; and the Joseph C. Greene collection of casts and relics from Egypt, Assyria, Turkey and India. One room is devoted to the Julius E. Francis col- lection of Lincoln relics and to relics of the Civil War, portraits of the Presidents, etc. A large portrait hall contains, besides many oil portraits, relics of Millard Fillmore, an origi- nal set of the Boydell Shakspere engravings, etc. The Historical Society library, comprising 20,000 volumes and many pamflets and manuscripts, consists chiefly of the historical literature of the Niagara region, tho it is rich 25 in books on the Civil War, the War of 1812j biografy and genealogy. It has a useful collection of New Eng- land town and local histories. The newspaper room contains a large col- lection of early western ISTew York and other papers^ covering import- ant historical periods. The John C. Lord library of 11,000 volumes, and the librarv or Mrs. Millard Fillmore p. m. Sunday. The library is open at the same hours weekdays, but not on Sunday or holidays. The Society receives an annual maintenance fund from the city, in return for which the public is given free access to the building, museum, etc., and free use of the library. The various activities of the institution are carrid on with the income from BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCIETY BUILDING occupy one room. The former col- lection is rich in early printed books, and theological and standard litera- ture prior to 1870. The Marshall library deposited with the Hi^toTical Society contains about 1,000 volumes, many being rare, chiefly relating to the French in America, to Indians and to local history. The Historical Building is one of the show places of Buffalo, and one of its most beautiful and popular resorts. The museum is open free to tne public from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. weekdays and from 2 to 5 securities, sale of publications and membership dues. A course of even- ing lectures and entertainments is provided for members and their friends, and members receive free the Publications of the Society, which have now reached 13 volumes. Mem- bers pay yearly dues of $5. From October to May the Society provides free public lectures, usually of a historical character on Sunday after- noons. The president of its board of managers is Henry W. Hill and its secretary is Frank H. Severance. 26 Buffalo Mill Supply Company.— Below is shown the large 5-story building at 210-12 Main st., occu- pied by this company, which, since 1898, has carrid on a rapidly grow- ing business in supplying factories with all the staple articles and Store of the Buffalo Mill Supply Company some of the machines needed for their operation. A 6-story rear building on John st. is used for sur- plus stock. The lines carrid by this company include shafting, hangers and pulleys, both in steel and wood, belts of all sizes in leather and rub- ber, also pipe and pipe fittings, brass valves, etc. Everything in rubber that is used by its customers can be found on hand here. Gas engines are a specialty of this concern. A full stock, ranging from iy2 to 25 H. P., is kept ready for immediate delivery, and larger sizes are supplied on short notice. In all the lines that it carries, a careful selection has been made of the best articles for their respective purposes. Buffalo Orphan Asylum was organ- ized Oct. 15, 1836. It first occupied a rented house on Franklin st. and made several removals prior to the erection of the present building at Virginia st. and Elmwood av., in 1850-51. It lias been maintaiud ]\v donations and bequests from generous friends and managed by a board of trustees and an associate board of directoresses appointed from the dif- ferent protestant churches. It receives orfan children and cares for tnem until suitable homes can be secured, also dependent and desti- tute children from Erie county, and those who, for various reasons, parents may be temporarily unable to care for. The average number of inmates is 120, but more than twice that number are cared for in each year. The trustees have purchased a plot of 10 acres, on Elmwood av. near the parky where they expect to erect modern and commodious buildings, as soon as sufficient funds can be se- cured for this purpose. The presi- dent is Walter H. Johnson and presi- dent of the Women's board is Mrs. Tracy C, Becker. Buffalo Public Library. — This libr- ary was establisht in 1897 by a con- tract between the Buffalo Library and the city of Buffalo, and is now free for the circulation of books to all residents of the city. The his- tory of the Buffalo Library dates back to 1836. Under the sucessive 27 names of the Young Men^s Associa- tion, the Young Men's Library and tne Buffalo Library, it was a sub- scription library. In 1865 the Asso- ciation purchased what was known as the St. Ja.mes~ property on the corner of Eagle, Washington and xa.ain sts., St. James Hall occupying same year, and was replaced by the Hotel Iroquois, now occupying the site. The hotel property was ownd by the library until 1910. The space in the new library build- ing was shared at the beginning with the Society of Natural Sciences, the Fine Arts Academy and the Histori- BUFFALO PUBLIC LIBRARY AND SOLDIERS" MONUMENT the Washington st. corner, and the cal Society. The two latter have library building, which also housed since gone into buildings Si their at that time the Fine Arts Academy own in another part of the city, and the Society of Natural Sciences, The Butt'alo Public Library now was at the corner of Main st. contains about 275,000 volumes. The In 1887 the present library build- circulation during the year 1909 was ing on Lafayette Square was erected 1,407,252. The circulating depart- and the old library building was con- ments are open daily, except Sunday verted into the Hotel Richmond, and holidays, from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m.. which was destroyd by fire in the All residents of Buffalo, all holders of 28 real estate in Buffalo, and all people separate building at the corner engaged in business in Buffalo are of Clinton and Ellicott sts. They entitled to register and have bor- are open from 8.30 a. m. to 9.30 p. m. rowers' cards. The librarian is and on Sunday and holidays from 11 Walter L. Brown. a. m. to 9 p. m. The main Delivery Koom opens In the Eeference Department on from the vestibule. In this room are open shelves are arranged cvclo- placed the Eegistry Desk, tho die- pedias, dictionaries of many kinds, tionarv card catalog, and also the atlases and other books needed for Eeceiving and Eequest Desks, consultation by readers. The refer- Adjoining this room is the Open ence librarian and his assistants will Shelf Eoom, upon the shelves of also bring books from all other which the books are open to bor- departments here for use. rowers, who may select the books The Periodical Department has which they wish to take home and about 300 magazines arranged alfa- have them charged as they leave betically in an open case, for use the room. This collection consists in the room. Many extra copies of of about 25,000 volumes, and is in the more popular magazines are itself, a complete circulating library taken by the library and may be of the best books. The Gluck auto- had for home use in the circulating graf collection, containing many department. The Open Shelf, Eefer- valuable manuscripts, particularly of ence and Periodical departments are American authors, is displayd in the open on Sunday and holidays from front room. Among other manu- H a. m. to 9 p. m. scripts in this collection might be The outside agencies of the libr- mentiond Emerson's ^'Eepresenta- ary, in addition to the schools, are tive men," Mark Twain's ^'Huckle- four branches: — William Ives Branch berry Finn," and a volume of in the Dom Polski, Broadway and Parkman. Other articles of interest Playter sts.; the Joseph P. Dudley are in glass cases in the vestibule. Branch, 503 South Park av., the In the basement is the School Lafayette Branch in the Lafayette Department of the Library, from High school, and the S. V. E. Watson which are sent out 771 class room Branch, 377 Elk st. There are also libraries to 41 of the grammar seven Delivery Stations where books schools. The Teachers' Eoom in this may be left and are calld for each department contains samples of the dav. These are: books used in school work. Station B, Keller & Deuchler, 757 On the second floor of the build- beneca st. ; Station C, William E. ing are the Catalog Eoom, Child- Lemon, 897 Tonawanda st,; Station ren's Eooms, Eeference Department D, Ellis T. Lathbury, 72 Forest av.; and Periodical Department. The Station E, Emma . A. Kamenz, 179 Children's Eooms, which were the East st.; Station F, J. F. Hermann, first in the country to be opend in 2648 Main st.; Station G, E. W. connection with a public library, care Hodson, Seneca & Elk sts.; Station for all borrowers under the age of H, W. L. Krummell, 2340 Seneca st. 14, and are open for the children Near the Clinton st. corner of the when the public schools are closed, library building is a tablet bearing They are closed on Sunday and holi- this inscription: ''The site of the days. first Court Houses of Niagara and The Newspaper Eooms are in a Erie Counties, 39 First Court House built 1810; Science, maintains a scientific mus- destroyed at the burning of Buffalo eum, library and lecture room in the by the British, December 30, 1813. public library building at Washing- Second Court House built 1816-17; ton st. and x>roadway. The Society abandoned March 11, 1876. was organized in 1861 and incorpor- Niagara County formed from ated Jan. 27, 1863. The hours for Genesee County, March 11, 1808, and visitors are from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Erie County from Niagara County, In the baesment, at the foot of April 2, 1821, Buffalo being the first the elevator and stairway will be seat of Niagara County and Erie found the Ward series of skeleton County casts of the gigantic creatures of Erected by the Niagara Frontier '^^ Tertiary period In adjoining Landmarks Association, 1905." I'^o^^ ^^^ ^^T^, the Bennett Col- lection 01 lossils from the water lime Buffalo River, formerly known as group near Buffalo, being the largest Buffalo creek, crosses the southern collection of the Euripterids in the part of the city from east to west world, the Clinton herbarium of and empties into Lake Erie. Owing about 24,000 specimens, some of the to the land txiru which it flows being geological collections of the society, almost level, it has a sluggish cur- the beautiful mineralogical collec- rent and a very tortuous channel, tion which bears the name of the late About a mile below the point where Charles F. Wadsworth, the large it enters the city it receives Caze- meteorite from the Canon Diabolo in novia creek as a tributary from the Arizona, and many groups of mam- south. For the last two miles of mals, large and small, including the its course, its banks are lined with great group of mounted bisons, one wharves, its shelterd waters afford- of the finest in the United States." ing the safest dockage of this port. Taking the elevator, the visitor Every spring it overflows, causing finds in the rooms on the third floor much trouble and damage and dredg- a large collection of African imple- ing is now under way to improve •a ments, weapons and other articles, part of its channel. the extensive archeological collec- Buffalo Society of Artists is an tions of American Indiaii itnolements organization tor cultivating art and ^ ifge collection of Mound Bu Ider thf art feehng in general 1.nd with P^'a*"i2,t'^™"%^ Ce^'s te potter^ the special object of bringing the ZVcf^ls.^ Imefica and 'frrm ?he work of local artists before the ,, r. * • ^ i. i ^4. ^^^i, public. The active members must be Pneblos of Arizona and basket work L-tists, but any art lover may become J^ great variety. Here also are the an associate member. The society large co lections of birds and corals numbers about 40D, of whom 75 are ^^^ ^^'f^' T ^^^^ 2 ^T^ ^^^^ artists. Its meetings and exhibitions and interest. The Society s office are held at the Albright Art Gallery, f ^^ ^*« l^^f^/^ f^ ^'JL*^^? ^«°^' The The president is Carlton Sprague and latter consists of 6,000 volumes which tne recording secretary is Mrs. ^^y ^e consulted freely by persons Robert Fulton. interested in science. The lecture room IS m the basement, and here . Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, twice a day during the school year, — This organization, with which is classes from one or another of the united the Hays School of Natural public grammar schools come to hear m talks on nature study, fysiology, etc., after which the pupils go thru the Museum. In this room is given also a series of weekly public lectures of a popularly scientific character, each winter. Admission cards to these lectures are given without charge to all who apply at the ofl&ce for them. The Society is supported by its membership dues, which are $5 a year. The president of the board of managers is T. Guilford Smith and the superintendent is Henry E. Rowland. Building, Bureau of. — This is a division of the Department of Public Works, under a deputy commissioner, with ofl&ces in the municipal build- ing south of the City Hall. The bureau has charge of the construc- tion, care and repairs of all build- ings ownd by the city and has super- vision over all private building oper- ations. Builders must submit plans for all new buildings and alterations of old ones to this bureau and obtain its approval of them before going forward with the work. The plans for plumbing in all such new or alterd buildings must have the approval of the Health Department. Present Deputy Building Commis- sioner, Henry Eumrill, Jr. c Cabs. — Both horse cabs and motor cabs and carriages are at the service of the public in Buffalo. There are cab stands at the four principal rail- road depots, on the Terrace near Main st., and in the streets around Lafayette sq., also at places of pub- lic entertainment during and for one hour after the entertainments. The usual rates for the use of horse ve- hicles are $1.50 for the first hour and $1 for each additional hour; for a vehicle to go from the central resi- dence section of the city to a rail- road depot the regular charge is $1. (See also Taxicabs). Canadian Niagara Power Co. — The plant of this company is at Niagara, Falls, Ont., just above the Horseshoe Jb'all. The company is closely con- nected with the Niagara Falls Power Co., on the American side. The same general design has been fol- lowd in the plants of the two com- panies, and tiie same provision for visitors is made. In the Canadian power house there are at present 5 generators of 10,000 horse power each, and the plant is so arranged that it can be easily extended by the addition of 6 more. A transmission line runs from the Canadian plant along the west side of the Niagara river 16 miles to Fort Erie, where it crosses to Buffalo. There are also interconnecting cables between the power houses of the allied companies, so that if the ser- vice of one is temporarily interupted, its customers can be supplied by tixC other. Canals. — Buffalo is the weste'rn terminus of the Erie canal and sev- eral short canals have been con- structed within the limits of the city to facilitate local conimerce. ^1 ERIE CANAL, which connects L. Erie with the Hudson river at Albany, was opend for navigation Oct. 26, 1825. It starts near the mouth of the Buffalo river and runs paralel with the shore of the Lake, west of the Terrace and Front av., to the Niagara river, which it fol- lows until it passes the northern city line into Tonawanda. Its total length is 348 miles and it has 70 locks. The number of canal boats that cleard irom Buffalo in 1908 was 2,241, which is about half the number in 1898. In 1909, 873,796 tons of freight, valued at $17,871,976, went east on the canal and 694,819 tons, valued at $18,032,395, came from the east. The Erie canal is now being widend and deepnd so as to float barges of 1,000 tons burden, which will undoutedly restore its traffic to its old time tonnage. CITY SHIP CANAL also calld Blackwell canal, runs from Buffalo river near its mouth southward between the river and the lake about 21/4 miles. At its southern end coal docks of the Lehigh Valley railroad lead off from it. CLARK AND SKINNER CANAL ran from the Buffalo river between Liberty and Columbia sts., north to the line of the former Hamburg canal. HAMBURG CANAL, formerly extended from the Erie canal to Hamburg st., south of Exchange st. It has been fild in and the land tnus made is known as the Hamburg canal strip. OHIO BASIN is a body of water west of Louisiana st. It is con- nected with the Buffalo river. The Ohio Basin feiip is a short canal that formerly extended from the Basin north to the Hamburg canal. It has b?eji fild in as far down as Elk st. Canislus College. — This is a college for young men conducted by the Fathers of the Society of Jesus. It was founded in 1870 and has been empowerd to confer degrees by the university of the State of New York. It occupies a large plot in the heart of the city, running thru from AVashington to Ellicott st. below Tup- per st. The, main college building is over 300 feet long. The instruction given includes the regular college course and an academic or prepara- tory course, each covering four years, and is based on the system that has been devised for Catholic youth by the most prominent Jesuit educators. The total number of students in both departments is about 400. The tuition is $5o a year. The college has a library of about 26,000 volumes. There is no dormitory connected with the institution at present. Owing to the growth of the aca- demic department the whole of the present location is to be devoted to it, and the collegiate. department will be removed to ample grounds ownd by the college at Main and Jefferson sts. The new main building will have a frontage of 311 feet, with three wings extending 200 feet from the rear. Separate buildings will be provided for scientific laboratories, gymnasium and auditorium, and in the rear of the group will be a large atnJetic field. The president is the Rev. Augustine A. Miller, S. J. Car Lines. — See Street Railways. Carnival Court, is a most attrac- tive summer amusement park cov- ering nearly 10 acres at the junction of Main and Jefferson sts., and reached by car lines on both these thorofares. The amusements include a Scenic Railway with over a mile of trackage, one of the finest Carou- sels ever installd, a magnificent Danc- ing Pavilion brilliantly lighted by 32 z DO c r a z o •n O 7) n > z C O o r r m O n electricity and a handsome Band- stand. There is also a little Venice with its gliding gondolas. Admission to the grounds is 10 cents and the charges for the various amusements are moderate. Catholic Churches.— The following is a list of the 55 Catholic churches in Buffalo, being the largest number supported by any religious denomina- tion in the city. ALL SOULS (Italian), Germania and Myrtle sts. ANNUNCIATION, Lafayette av. and Grant st. ASSUMPTION, (Polish), 435 Am herst st. BLESSED SACEAMENT, 1025 Dela- ware av. BLESSED TEINITY, (German and English), 317 Leroy av. COEPUS CHEISTI, (Polish), Clarke and Kent sts. HOLY ANGELS, Porter and Fargo a vs. HOLY FAMILY, Tifft st. HOLY NAME of JESUS (German and English), 1947 Bailey av. IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, 146 Edward st. NATIVITY of THE BLESSED VIE- GIN, Albany and Herkimer sts. NOTKE DAME DE LOUEDES AND ST. PIEEEE (French), Main and Best sts. CUE LADY of MT. CAEMEL (Ital- ian), Fly st. CUE LADY of PEEPETUAL HELP, O'Connell av. and Alabama st. PEECIOUS BLOOD, Lewis and Lvman sts, SACEED HEAET (German), 690 Seneca, st. ST. ADALBEET'S (Polish), Stanis- laus st. and Eother av. ST. AGNES' (German), Benzinger st. ST. ANN'S (German), Broadway and Emslie st. ST. ANTHONY of PADUA (Italian), 140 Court St. ST. BERNAED'S, Clinton and Wil- lett sts. ST. BONIFACE'S (German), Mul- berry St., near Virginia st. ST. BRIDGET'S, LouisiaiiM and Ful- ton sts. ST. CASIMIE'S (Polish), Cable and Beer sts. ST. COLUMBA'S, 429 Eagle st. ST. ELIZABETH'S (Hungarian), Amherst st. and Military rd. ST. FEANCIS of ASSISI (Italian), N. Odgen av, ST. FEANCIS XAVIEE (German), 157 East St. ST. GEEALD 'S, Bailey and Delavan avs. ST. JOACHIM'S (German), Miller av. and Empire st. ST. JOHN KANTY (Polish), 1455 Broadway. ST. JOHN'MAEON (Assyrian), 454 Seneca st. ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST (Greek, Euthenican Eite), Amherst and Grant sts. ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, Hertel av. and East st. ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST (German), Indian Church rd. ST. JOSEPH'S (German and Eno- lish), 3221 Main st. ST. JOSEPH'S CATHEDEAL, Swan and Franklin sts. ST. LOUIS' (German), Main and Edward sts. ST. LUKE'S (Polish), Sycamore st. and Miller av. ST. MAEK'S, Woodward av. and Amherst st. ST. MAEY'S (German), Broadway fl Tl (i r^l n P ^i" ST. MAEY MAGDALENE, (Ger- man and English), Fillmore av. and Landon st. ST. MATHEWS (German), Sehuele av. and Ferry st. ST. MICHAEL'S (German), 651 Washington st. 34 ST. NICHOLAS' (German and Eng- lish), E. Utica and Welker sts. ST. NICHOLAS' (Greek, Euthenian Kite), Central av. ST. PATEICK'S, Emslie and Sey- mour sts. ST. STANISLAUS (Polish), Peck- ham and Townsend sts. ST. STEPHEN'S, Elk st., near Smith ST. TERESA'S, Seneca and Eckhardt sts ST. VINCJiiNT'S (German and Eng- lish), 2033 Main st. SANTA LUCIA (Italian), Swan st., opp. Chicago . SEVEN DOLORS (German), 948 TRANSFIGURATION (Polish), Syc- amore and Mills sts. VISITATION, Lovejoy and Green sts. The diocese of Buffalo includes 8 counties in western New York. The bishop is the Right Rev. Charles H. Colton, D.D., and the episcopal resi- dence is at 1025 Delaware av. Busi- ness matters concerning the diocese are attended to at the Chancery Of- fice, 50 Franklin Street. Cattaraugus Indian Reservation lies partly in the towns of Brant and Collins, in the soutliern part of Eric county, and' partly in Chautauqna and Cattaraugus counties. The Irving stations on the Lake Shore and Penn- sylvania railroads, 28 miles from Buf- falo, are in the reservation, and it is reached also by the Buffalo & L. Erie electric cars. Cazenovia Creek enters Buffalo from the east near the south city line and unites with Buffalo river near South Park av. and Abbott rd. Cazenovia Park. — Near the south- east corner of the city, between Sen- eca st. and Abbott rd. and reached by Seneca st. cars. It contains 106 acres and is traverst bv Cazeno\^ia Creek, which is expanded into a lake covering 6 acres, within the limits of the park. The eastern section of the grounds, including about 30 acres, is still in its natural state. There are 3 base ball diamonds in this park, there is boating on the lake in sum- mer and skating in winter, and many picnics are held here. The park is provided with a convenient shelter house and there is a band-stand for Sunday afternoon concerts. Cemeteries. — The following is a list of the grounds consecrated to the burial of the dead in Buffalo or just outside the city limits. GERMAN M. E., Hertel av. near Military rd. BUFFALO, Pme Hill. CONCORDIA, Walden and Koons avs. ELMLAWN, Deleware av., Tona- wanda.* EVANGELICAL, Pine Hill. FOREST LAWN, Main st., Delavan and Delaware avs.* HOLY CROSS, Ridge Road, Lacka- wanna.* HOLY REST. Pine Hill. HOWARD FREE, Limestone Hill. JEWISH, Pine Hill. LAKESIDE, 271 acres, Athol Springs. MOUNT OLIVET, Delaware av., Tonawanda. RIDGE LAWN, Pine Hill. ST. JOHN'S CHURCH, Pine Hill. ST. STANISLAUS, (Polish), Pine Hill. UNITED GERMAN AND FRENCH R. C, Pine Hill. EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN, Koon av. near Genesee st. GERMAN EVANGELICAL SOC- IETY, Koons av. near Sycamore st. ST. STEPHENS SOCIETY, Koons av. near Genesee st. ST. FRANCIS XAVIER, Niagara st. and Esser av. UNITED EVANGELICAL, ST. JOHN'S, Military rd. near Hertel *See separate article. 35 Central Park is a residence locality ou the west side of Main st. south of Hertel av. It has a station on the Belt Line at Amherst st. Chamber of Commerce and Manu- facturers' Club.— Over 50 years ago, on April 18, 1857, was fovLud the Board of Trade of Buffalo, which, with changes of name to the Mer- chants' Exchange and later to the Chamber of Commerce, remaind for half a century the largest andmost important commercial organization in the city. In recent years it has oc- cupied part of the fourth floor in its own office building on Main st., run- ning through to Pearl st. The build- ing consists of two parts — the 8-story brown stone structure at the corner of Seneca and Pearl sts., erected in 1883, and the addition, of white brick and glazed tile, 13 stories high, with a frontage on Main st., completed in its jubilee year. This is the highest building in Buffalo. Among the firms and corporations occupying large floor space are the Corn Exchange, which has a large trading room on the fourth floor and a set of offices on the eighth, the Columbia National bank, which occupies the Main st. frontage on the ground floor, the Mu- tual Transit Co., the Erie, Lake fehore and Lehigh Valley railroads. Brown & Co., vessel agents, the Pub- lic Service Commission, a number of the large elevator and milling com- panies and grain dealers, and several important law firms and insuranr-e agencies. Both the Western Union and the Postal telegraf companies have oflices in the building. Its purposes have been to investi- gate and push public improvements that would develop the growth of a '^Greater Buffalo;" to attract all lines of trade and manufacture to locate here; to enlarge the markets of its manufacturers and merchantis by attracting buyers to the city; to solve transportation problems bene- ficial to the city and i3revent condi- tions prejudicial to its interests; to secure just legislation; to disseminate accurate and reliable information; to procure uniformity in the customs and uses of all lines of trade; to broaden the acquaintance of its members and a knowledge of their affairs; and to create a spirit of co-operation and mutual help. Its members comprised merchants, manufacturers, bankers, lawyers, capitalists, and business men of all classes, and any person of good standing who desired to co-operate in promoting the above purposes, has always been welcomed to member- ship. Three affiliated organizations are the Eetail Merchants' Board, the Eeal Estate Association of the Cham- ber of Commerce and the Wholesale Merchants' Association. The Eetail Merchants ' Board regulates the so- liciting of advertising and donations from its members, issuing permits to the representatives of appiu)ved con- cerns, and has become the medium of united action as to credits, discounts, trading stamps, the prosecution of shoplifters, and other matters of com- mon interest. The Eeal Estate As- sociation acts in a similar way for the real estate trade of the city. The Wholesale Merchants' Associ- ation aims to bring into closer unity of effort the wholesale industries of the City so that they can act with greater force for the advancement of the City as a buying and manufac- turing center. To induce others to locate here; thru publicity as to the advantages Buffalo enjoys in the way of natural location, railroad and lake service, etc. The Traffic Bureau, having a Gen- eral Traffie Manager, co-operates with shippers and receivers and with railroads in matters of rates, ser- vice, etc. A Convention and Public- CHAMBER OF COMMERCE [BUILDING ity Bureau, an Industrial Bureau, etc., will be organized. The Chamber has paid especial at- tention to the work of collecting and diffusing information that would in- crease the trade and commerce of the city. Its attractive reading room is supplied with the daily papers from many cities and the chief commercial and industrial journals. It has col- lected a statistical library containing national and State publications re- lating to commerce and industry, the Congressional Eecord, consular re- ports^ crop reports, hydrographic maps, a hie of the Commercial Ad-" vertiser, Buffalo's leading mercantile newspaper, from 1856, and publica- tions of cities and boards of trade from all over the country. The per- sonal assistance of the secretary has also been given to inquirers and cor- respondents. Early in 1910 the Chamber of Com- merce and the Manufacturers' Club united in one body under the name at the head oi this article. The Manu- facturers' Club was organized in 1901 and came rapidly to the front as an agency for advancing trade and pub- lic interests in Buffalo. Before the consolidation it occupied the 8rd floor of the Coal and Iron Exchange build- ing, where it had its offices, a well ap- pointed restaurant, and club rooms. Co-operation has been the keynote of its work, for its leading spirits saw clearly that many times as great re- sults could be accomplisht by united action as by the same amount of ef- fort expended individually. In July, 1909, it began the publication of the Live Wire, a monthly bulletin record- ing the progress of the club. Its greatest achievement is the institut- ing of annual exhibitions of Buffalo manufacturers, the first of which was held in 1908, in Convention Hall, and the second in the Arsenal buildine- on Broadway, in October, 1909. This work of the club has receivd the most cordial praise from all sides. When the union of the two bodies was decided upon, the president of the Chamber of Commerce was El- liott C. McDougal, president of the Bank of Buffalo, and one of a long line of prominent merchants and bankers who have held the office, and its secretary, was Fenton M. Parke, a leading real estate dealer, whose valuable work as chairman of the real estate committee of the Chamber led to his selection for the important duties of its executive officer. These and a majority of the other officers retired, and William E. Eobertson, who was president of the Manufac- turers' Club, became president of the united organization. The new board of directors consists of 24 members and special questions are referd to standing committees. Mr. Parke was reappointed secretary and Edward B. Harvey, who was secretary of the Manufacturers' Club was appointed financial secretary. Charities.— The spirit of helpful- ness to the unfortunate is manifested in Buffalo in many forms. The city, the county, the churches, numerous benevolent societies and many indivi- duals contribute to supply food, shel- ter, medical attendance, fuel, cloth- ing, employment and sometimes money to the needy. All of these agencies have plenty of opportunities for extending their usefulness and contributions both of material aid .nd the time of sympathetic judicious workers will be gladly receivd. Lists of -dispensaries and hospitals will be found under those heads. The fol- lowing is a list of the other chari- table institutions and societies in the city, some of which are describ- ed in separate articles. BUFFALO CHILDREN 'S AID SOCIETY, 261 Delaware av. Main- 38 n X r o m z 03 > H X Z o > H n > a r m DO > o X 39 tains a home for boys from 10 to 18 years of age, with a capacity for 100. Nonsectarian. Working boys pay board according to what they earn. Those under 15 must attend public school. BUFFALO OEPHAN ASYLUM, 403 Virginia -St.* * ASYLUM OF OUE LADY OF EEFUGE, 485 Best st. A home for orfans, BUFFALO ASSOCIATION FOE THE BLIND, workshop at 489 Elli- cott st. BXOCHEE HOME^ Williamsville. For the aged. CATHOLIC PEOTECTOEY FOE GIELS, 485 Best st. Occupies a wing of the Asylum of Our Lady of Eefugee, commonly called the House of the Good Shepherd, sur- rounded by beautiful and well shad- ed grounds. For reclaiming way- ward girls, 14 years of age and up- ward. They are taught housework and sewing and given a common school education and thoro relig- ious training. Those who have a talent for music are given a chance to develop it. Near relatives are permitited to visit /them once a month. Conducted by Sisters of the Good Shepherd. CHAEITY OEGANIZATION SO- CIETY, 19 West Tupper st.* CHUECH CHAEITY FOUNDA- TION HOME, 835 Front av. For the aged. CEIPPLED CHILDEEN 'S GUILD, College st. COLLEGE CEECHE, 77 Goodell st. DISTEICT NUESING ASSOCIA- TION. 732 Chamber of Commerce bldg. CATHOLIC PEOTECTOEY FOE BOYS. See St. John's Protectory. EVANGELICAL LUTHEEAN ST. JOHN'S OEPHAN HOME, Mineral Spring rd.. West Seneca. CHUECH HOME OF THE GEE- MAN EVANGELICAL CHUECHES, Broadway at City line. For the aged. EEIE COUNTY ALMSHOUSE. Aid is given to the homeless poor of Erie county in the almshouse, sit- uated on Main st,, at the northeast corner of the city. The grounds contain 44,19 acres. There are 400 to 500 inmates, and those who are able cultivate part of the land, raising vegetables for the use of the institution. The main building is of stone, and is 4 stories high. Visi- tors are admitted any day, Down town office, 241 Terrace. EEIE COUNTY LODGING HOUSE, 29 Franklin st. FEDEEATED JEWISH CHAEI- TIES, 456 Jefferson st. FEESH AIE MISSION, 19 W. Tupper St.* GENESEE CONFEEENCE DEA- CONESS HOME, 292 Niagara st. A headquarters for women workers who visit and find aid for the poor, nurse the sick, and give encourage- ment and guidance' to those in trouble. GUAED OF HONOE, 620-22 Wash- ington st. Provides free lodging for men out of employment; 29 beds. GEEMAN CATHOLIC OEPHAN ASYLUM, 564 Dodge st. About 375 -1 -r\ TYl Q ^ PQ GEEMAN SOCIETY FOE DEAC- ONESS WOEK, 218 Kingsley st. HOME FOE THE FEIENDLESS, 1500 Main st. Incorporated 1868. A home for aged women who have resided in Buffalo at least two years. Life residents must convey any property that they have to the Home, and are expected to contribute at least $250. Additional money and 'See separate article. 40 supplies are given by the society conducting the Home and its friends. Younger women and girls of good character are admitted for short periods and assisted in securing em- ployment or reaching their former homes. INGLESIDE HOME, 70 Harvard pi. Establisht in 1869 to help er- ring women and girls to return to respectability and industry. It has a substantial brick building sur- rounded by large trees and a garden in which the vegetables for the Home are raisd. Inmates are taught housework and sewing and a steam laundry gives them employ- ment. There are usually about 50 girls and women and about 10 in- fants at the Home. President, Mrs. W. Bowen Moore; secretary, Mrs. Henry A. Hunt. INFANT JESUS DAY NUESEEY, 790 Fillmore av. (Polish). LE COUTEULX ST. MAEY'S IN- STITUTION, 2253 Main st. In- corporated 1853. A home school for deaf mutes in charge of the Sisters of St. Joseph, a Catholic order. It gives some mental but principally industrial training to both boys and girls, having about 200 pupils of which about one-fifth are paying pupils. NEIGHBOEHOOD HOUSE, Oak and Goodell sts. OVEESEEE OF THE POOE, 44 W. Seneca, st. Has charge of the relief given by the city. EEMINGTON GOSPEL SETTLE- MENT. 150 Erie st. ST. ELIZABETH HOME, 73 Pine St. ST. MAEY'S INFANT ASYLUM, 126 Edward st. Orfans reeeivd each vear, about 600; patients, about 200. SALVATION AEMY, Men's In- dustrial dept., 97 E. Seneca st. Wo- men's Eescue Home, 69 Cottage st. German Branch, 339 E. Genesee st. ST. JOSEPH'S MALE OEPHAN ASYLUM, Lackawanna. About 250 inmates. ST. VINCENT'S FEMALE OE- PHAN ASYLUM, 1138 Ellicott st. 400 inmates. ST. FEANCIS ASYLUM, 337 Pine St. For the aged; about 275 in- mates. ST. JOHN'S PEOTECTOEY, Lackawanna. A disciplinary indus- trial school for boys. Average num- ber of inmates, 600. Mgr. Nelson H. Baker, supt. SUPEEINTENDENT OF THE POOE, 241 Terrace.* Has charge of the relief given by Erie county. UNION EESCUE HOME, 387 Washington st. VOLUNTEEES OF AMEEICA, 93 Broadway. WATSON HOUSE, 282 Babeock St. WELCOME HALL, 404 Seneca st. ■ WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTEIAL UNION, 86 Delaware av.* WOEKING BOYS' HOME OF THE SACEED HEAET, 35 Niagara sq. 80 inmates. YOUNG MEN'S CHEISTIAN AS- SOCIATION, W. Genesee st.* YOUNG WOMEN'S CHEISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 19 W. Mohawk st.* WESTMINSTEE HOUSE, Mon- roe st. near Broadway. A social settlement establisht in 1895 to improve the moral, social and econo- mic conditions in that section of the city in which it is located. The agencies thru which it operates are a kindergarten, clubs for small children, for girls, women and men, ■See separate artrcle. 41 A sewing school, manual training, athletics, housekeeping classes, mil- linery and dressmaking instruction, social meetings, a penny provident bank, a branch of the public library, illustrated lectures, a summer camp and excursions, etc. There are also a settlement nurse and several non- resident visitors. ZION HOUSE, 456 Jefeerson st; Charity Organization Society — The aim of this society, the first of its kind in America, founded in 1877, is to make kindness to the unfortunate in Buffalo systematic, wise and effi- cient. It has a main office at 19 W. Tupper st. with branches at 165 E. Swan st. (in Fitch Institute) and 1079 Broadway (in Dom Polski). Except for finding employment, its aid is usually given only to families in which there is no able-bodied man. It seeks to make every such family self-supporting, by discover- ing and removing the causes of its poverty, and aims to prevent fraud, public begging and all forms of so- cial parasitism. It furnishes to churches, societies and individuals facilities for hearty co-operation, both in aiding the poor and in im- proving social conditions. In ordinary 'years, from 1500 to 2000 families, consisting of 6000 to 8000 persons, receive aid thru the society. Sickness and hunger and cold are relievd promptly and then a district visitor studies the family and plans further aid. The society maintains employment bureaus from which employers ma}'^ obtain men for various kinds of labor and wo- men for washing and cleaning. It gives legal aid to families deprived of their rights and it encourages thrift among children hv receiving penny savings deposits. It has also co-operated in many movements for the prevention of poverty, such as the enactment and enforcement of the tenement house, child labor and truancy laws, the discovery and cor- rection of physical defects in school children, the establishment of the county lodging house, city baths and playgrounds and the people 's gard- ens and the passage of laws con- cerning probation, wife desertion, chattel mortgages and employment bureaus. All who can give money, time, professional skill, employment, food, clothing, fuel or other sup- plies for the poor can be sure that their contributions will be wisely distributed by this society. The pop- ulation of the city is now three times as large as it was in 1877, when the society was founded, but the numbei of dependent families has actually been reduced. The general officers are, president, Ansley Wilcox and secretary, Frederick Almy. (See Fitch Institute). Chautauqua Lake lies about 65 miles southwest of Buffalo and is 20 miles long with a breadth of from one to two miles. At its northwest end, which is about 8 miles from Lake Erie, is Mayville, the county seat of Chautauqua county, and on its outlet at the southeast end is the city of Jamestown. Its waters flow thru a creek into the Alleg- heny river. A railroad, a steamer and a trolley line furnish transporta- tion to the many delightful resorts that dot its shores. Sunday excur- sions at reduced rates are offerd by the railroads in summer and adver- tised in the newspapers. Near the head of the lake on the west side are the Assembly Grounds of the Chautanqua Institution, the famous organization for summer school and correspondence teaching. Its post office is Chautauqua, N. Y. Lots for cottages inside the grounds are leased for long terms, and the Hotel Athenaeum, and many board- ing and rooming cottages accommo- 42 date those who do not own houses. The Institution conducts courses of lectures and concerts, a daily de- votional hour and classes in many- subjects, during the months of July and August. Admission to the grounds, with the privilege of at- tending the lectures and concerts is 50c a day, $2 a week or $7.50 for the season, A quiet Sunday is en- forced; no cars or steamers stop at the grounds and no one is admitted without an urgent reason. Circulars of information are issued by the Institution. Cheektowaga is a town of Erie county adjoining Buffalo on the east. It contains the village of Sloan and about half of Depw. CJhippawa is a village on the Canadian side of the Niagara river, about 2 miles above the Falls. Eeached by electric cars from the uppper steel arch bridge, fare 15c., or Michigan Central R. R. In a field about a mile south of the village, a battle was fought, July 5, 1814, in which the Americans defeated the British. The only trace of military operations remaining is the mound of a redout on the iland at the mouth of Chippawa creek. Church of Christ (Disciples). — The following are the churches of this denomination in Buffalo: FOREST AVENUE, Forest av. and Danforth st. JEFFERSON STREET, Jefferson St. near E. Utica. KEHR STREET, Kehr st. and Winslow av. KENSINGTON, Kensington av. and Grider st. RICHMOND AVENUE, Richmond av. and Bryant st. Churches. — All the large denom- inations of the United States have churches in Buffalo and the visitor is pretty sure to find a place of wor- ship of his own or some related de- nomination, where he will be made at home. A list will be found under the name of each denomination hav- ing 5 or more churches in the city. All others, including non-sectarian missions, appear below. BUFFALO SOCIETY OF THE NEW JETIUSALEM (Swedenbor- gian), W. Utica and Atlantic sts. CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC, 480 Hickory st. CHRIST'S MISSION (Christian Advent), 90 Hedley pi. CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH, (Universalist), North and Mariner sts. EAST SIDE MISSION, 366 E. Eagle st. FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST (Scientist), S. E. corner Jersey st. and Prospect av. FIRST FREE METHODIST, Vir- ginia and 10th sts. FIRST SPIRITUAL, Prospect av. and Jersey st. FIRST UNITARIAN, Elmwood av. and W. Ferry st. GERMAN TEMPLE SOCIETY, 366 E. Eagle st. GRACE UNIVERSALIST, Lafay- ette av. and Hoyt st. LAFAYETTE AVENUE RE- FORMED, Herkimer st. near Lafay- ette av. PARKSIDE UNITARIAN, Am- herst st. near Main. ST. PETER'S AND ST. PAUL'S RUSSIAN GREEK ORTHODOX, 35 Ideal st. SALVATION ARMY, Corps No. 1, 289 Washington st.; Corps No. 2, 265 E. Genesee st.; Corps No. 3, 8 Pearl st. SECOND CHURCH OF CHRIST (Scientist), Twentieth Century Club Hall. SECOND FREE METHODIST, 175 Potomac av. 43 THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, 641 Main st. SWEDISH EVANGELICAL MIS- SION, 27 Bremen st. UNITED BEET II REN IN CHRIST, Laurel and Masten sts. VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA, 11 W. Eagle St. City and County Hall. — -A single imposing building, ownd and main- taind jointly by Erie county and the city of Buffalo, serves as city hall and county court house and accom- modates several of the county of- fices. It occupies the block bounded by Eagle, Franklin and Church sts. and Delaware av., with entrances on both the Franklin st. and Delaware SiV. sides. It is a handsome struc- ture in the Norman style of archi- tecture, and is built of Maine gran- it. The total cost was $1,328,676 and it was completed in 1876. Over the central section a clock tower rises to the height of 268 feet. On a level with the clock faces four statues representing Justice, Agri- culture, Commerce and Mechanic Arts adorn the four corners of the tower. They are 16 feet high and weigh 14 tons each. There are three floors for ofi&ces and court rooms. On the first floor are the oflS.ces of the Surrogate, County Clerk, County Treasurer, Sheriff, City Clerk, City Treasurer and some other city departments. On the second floor are the of&ces of the Mayor, the Commissioner of Jurors, District' Attorney and As- sessors, while the rest of the floor is occupied by the Supreme and County Courts. The third floor af- fords space for other court rooms and for the halls of the Councilmen, Aldermen and Supervisors. In the center of the rotunda, a bronze plate in the floor tiling marks the spot where the body of President Mc- Kinley laid in state. The care of the building is vested in a bouid ul' control, consisting of 6 Commis- sioners and a Superintendent. The growth of public business and the. creation of new departm'fents have demanded more space than the hall afforded and it has been supplement- ed by the erection of the City Court building and by the purchase and remodelling of another building, now known as the Municipal Building. City Clerk. — The clerk of the Com- mon Coucil, who is also the City Clerk, is elected by the Common Council in January of each even numbefd year. His office is on the first floor of the city hall. Present city clerk, Harold J. Balliett, City Court Building. — Altho the City and County Hall is a large building, it could not serve for many years as the city hall of a rapidly growing city and as a court house and county office building combined in one. Acordingly in 1889 a build- ing was erected on the opposit side of Delaware av. to house the over- flow. This was used for 20 years by the Municipal Court and several city departments but in 1910 was turnd over entirely to the newly organized City Court. It is a 3-story structure of brick and brown-stone, of pleas- ing but not pretentious architecture, and stands next to the jail on Dela- ware av. Clearing House. — The Buffalo Clearing House Association was formd in April, 1889, and occupies rooms over the Marine bank. Nearly all the commercial banks and trust companies in the city are members. The clearances for the year 1909 were $467,876,993.23, which is over 56 million more than 1908. The president of the association is El- liott C. McDougal, the secretary is Edward A. Weppner and the superin- tendent is Edward W. Dann. 4{ H > Z D n o c z H I > r r 4.5 Clubs.- — The following clubs main- tain houses or rooms for the use of their members: ACACIA, Masonic Temple, 43 Niagara st. AMICUS, 785 Main st. AMISTAD, 8 Kealty bldg. APOLLO, 910 Main st. AUTOMOBILE, 760 Main st. BUFFALO YACHT, foot of Porter av. BUFFALO, 388 Delaware av. BUFFALO WHIST AND CHESS, 2 Williams blk. CALUMET, 52 W. Chippewa st. BUFFALO CAMERA, 515 Elm- wood av. CATHEDRAL, 1 Delaware av. COLONIAL, 509 Lafayette av. BUFFALO COMMERCE, W. Market and Perry sts. COSMOPOLITAN, 379 William st. COUNTRY, Main st. beyond city line. ELK'S, 211 Delaware av. ELLICOTT, 1006 Ellicott sq. ' EMES, Delaware av. and Chip- pewa st. ERIE, 44 Chapin blk. GARRETT, 205 Bryant st. IDLE WOOD, Lake View, N. ^ . MANUFACTURERS' 33 Coal und Iron Ex. MEADOW, 111 Parkside av. MOTOR BOAT, Motor Island. • MUSICIANS, 16 E. Eagle st. OAKFIELD, Grand Island, N. Y. OTOWEGA, Starin and Linden avs. PARK, 1401 Elmwood av. SATURN, Delaware av. and Ed- ward st. ST. COLUMBA'S, 431 E. Eagle st. ST. TERESA'S, 1974 Seneca st. TRANSPORTATION, Lafayette Hotel. TWENTIETH CENTURY, 595 Delaware av. UNION, Main and Virginia sts. UNIVERSITY, 546 Delaware Av. UNCLE SAM, Labor Temple, Jef- ferson st. Colleges. — The following are the institutions in Buffalo empowerd to confer collegiate or professional de- grees. They are described in sep- arate articles. CANISIUS COLLEGE, Washing- ton st. near E. Tupper. D'YOUVILLE COLLEGE, Pros- pect and Porter avs. GERMAN THEOLOGICAL MAR- TIN LUTHER SEMINARY, 154 Maple st. UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO, Medical school, 20 High st.; Dental school, Goodrich st. ; Law school, Ellicott Square. Common Council. — The legislative power of the city is vested in the Common Council, which consists of a board of councilmen and a board of aldermen. The sittings of both boards are public. There is a presi- dent of the Common Council, elected by the two boards pointly for two 3^ears, who presides at joint sessions of the boards. By custom the presi- dent is chosen from the councilmen and the aldermen alternately. Comptroller. — The comptroller is the chief fiscal officer of the city and is elected by the people for a term of four years. He countersigns warrants drawn on the city treasurer and receipts issued by the treasurer and keeps records of the same, ap- points an auditor, with the concur- rence of the common council, to ex- amin bills against the city, makes up each year an estimate of the ex- penses of the city for the next fiscal year, and when the estimate has been revised and adopted, he ap- portions the tax required thereby. The comptroller has charge of the sale of bonds issued by the city, the sale of land for unpaid taxes, 46 8 i n O c 73 CD c > 5 o r c DO I o c CO m en roc <^ 47 and performs such other, duties as of the city, and is elected by the are necessary in superintending the people for a term of four years. He fiscal concerns of the city. His appoints an attorney, assistant at- office is on the first floor of the city torney and various clerks. He ad- hall. Present comptroller, William vises all ofldcers and departments of G Justice. the city on legal questions regarding Concerts.-See Music. f ^ir powers and duties, prepares , ^, , n^n ^ 1 forms of contracts, bonds and obliga- Congregational Ghurches— The fol- ^^ proposals for public works and lowing are the churches of this de- ^^^^^^ jg^^j instruments as are need- nomination m Buttalo: , ed by any department. He investi- FITCH MEMORIAL, Clmton and ^^^J ^^^\^^ against the city for Fenton sts. . -n, , personal iniuries and has charge of FIRST, Elmwood av. and Bryant ^jj j^g^j proceedings in which the ^^- ^ ,^ . ^ city is a party. His office is on the NIAGARA SQUARE, north side ^j^-^,^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^i^y j^^U^ Present of Niagara sq. corporation counsel, Judge Clark H. PILGRIM, Richmond av. and jjammond Breckenridge st. PLYMOUTH, Military rd. and Councilmen.— The board of coun- Grote st. cilmen consists of 9 members. At Convention Hall.— When the 74th tlie election in each odd numberd Regiment secured its present arm- ^f ^r, the people of the city at large ory in 1900, its former armorv at elect alternately 5 or 4 couencilmen Virginia st. and Elmwood av; be- ^^^ ^ term of four years It is the came the property of the city. The cluty of the councilmen to act upon building was remodeld and "became all measures originating m the board Convention Hall. After the Pan- of aldermen. The two boards .pmtly American Exposition, the great organ elect a president of the common used in the Temple of Music was council and the city clerk, purchased by James N. Adam, since County Clerk. — This ofi&cer is mayor of Buffalo, and presented to elected by the people of the county the city. It was placed in Con- for a term of 3 years. The county vention Hall and is used in organ clerk's . office is in the first floor of recitals and concerts provided by the Citv and County Hall. His the city »on Sunday afternoons in duties are varied and multifarious, winter, to which adnr'ssion is free. He is. the clerk of the county courts The hall seats 3000 and is rented and of the supreme courts sitting in for trade conventions and shows. tJbiis county, and as such has the cus- political meetings, balls, concerts tody of all orders, papers and docu- and other large gatherings. The ments of these courts which are re- Grand Army posts in this city have quired by law to be filed. He is the use of a set of rooms on the 3d also the recorder of deeds, mort- floor, including a small hall, free, gages, certificates of incorporation. The official custodian of the organ judgments, assignments and dis- is Simon Fleischman and the custod- charges of mortgages, and documents ian of the building is Henry L. of many other sorts and kinds. Meech. Most of these records are open to Corporation Counsel. — This officer the public. The present xjounty is the head of the law department clerk is John H. Price. 48 . o o z < m z H O z > r r 49 County Treasurer is elected by the people for a term of 3 years. He receives the county taxes and all other funds of the county and disburses such funds as directed by the board of supervisors. His office is on the first floor of the City and County hall. Present county treas- urer, Frank A. Beyer. Jan. 1, 1910 is 1068. The president of the company is Dr. Charles Cary and business matters are attended to by the treasurer, George S, Met- calfe, at his office, 819 White bldg. Crescent Beach is a part of the Canadian shore of Lake Erie opposit Buffalo. It adjoins Fort Erie Grove and is a favorit dwelling place for THE BUFFALO CREMATORY Crematory. — The building of the Buffalo Cremation Co. stands on West Delavan av., opposit Forest Lawn cemetery, and is reached by Forest av. cars. In addition to the facilities for cremation, it contains a chapel for funeral services and a columbarium. The building is of brown sandstone and its architecture is appropriate to the chapel within. The walls are partly coverd with ivy. The number of incinerations that have taken place here up to cottagers in summer. It has a sta- tion on the Grand Trunk E. E. Cruelty to Animals, Erie County Society for the Prevention of. — This society was incorporated in 1888. Its office is at 36 W. Huron St., where visitors are always welcome. President, DeWitt Clinton, record- ing and coresponding secretary, Miss Margaret F. Kochester. Cruelty to Children, Queen City Society for the Prevention of. — 50 This society was incorporated in 1879 to provide effective means for tlie purpose exprest in its name, and for the enforcement of all laws having the same object. Its oflfice is at 62 Delaware av. President, Ed- ward H. Butler; secretary, James McC. Mitchell; superintendent, B. A. Churchill. Crystal Beach is the largest of the excursion and cottage resorts near Buffalo. It is on the Canadian shore of Lake Erie, nearly opposit the city and is reached by steamers eight or ten times a day from the foot of Main st. The Lake Erie Ex- cursion Co., which conducts this resort, built the Americana in 1908 and a twin steamer in 1910 ex- pressly for this service. The run is about 12 miles and is made in an hour, or less. Round trip fare, 25c. Can be reached also by Grand Trunk railroad to Ridgeway thence by omnibus, and a trolley line between Port Colborne and Fort Erie is to be running to the beach by July, 1910. The bathing beach is excel- lent and suits and bath houses can be hired at moderate prices. The amusements include dancing, bowl- ing, roller skating, roller coasting, merry-go-round, boating, target shooting, fortune telling, etc., etc. There are two hotels and many places for the sale of eatables and drinkables. No liquor is sold on the steamers or at the beach. Small summer cottages line the shore for a mile and there are others farther from the water, on streets running back from the picnic grounds.' Custom House. — The revenue col- lection district of Buffalo Creek was establisht in 1805 and it includes the U. S. frontier from Cattaraugus creek to Tonawanda creek. The of- fice of the collector of the port is on the 3d floor of the Federal Building and there are sub ports at W. Ferry St., North Buffalo and Tonawanda. There is also a sub-office in East Buffalo and a night clearance office at the foot of Main st. The ap praiser's stores are in the old Fed- eral Building at Washington and Exchange sts. The total customs re- ceipts of this port for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1909, were $1,293,- 896.75. 51 u f 52 D Delaware Park lies between Main st. and Elmwood av. in the northern part of the city. This is the chief of Buffalo's parks, containing 365 acres. The carriage drives are ar- tistically laid out and kept in excel- lent condition. Bridle paths are provided for horseback riding, which is allowd also on the open stretch of greensward calld the Meadow. There are golf links in the Meadow and several baseball grounds at one end. Near its center is a boulder with a tablet bearing this inscrip- tion: ''To the memory of unnamed soldiers of the War of 1812, who died of camp disease and were buried here. Dedicated July 4, 1896." In the northern end of the park, north of the Meadow, space has been set apart for a zoological col- lection, reached by Main-Zoo-Ken- more street cars. The Elmwood cars pass by the western end, and here are located the Albright Art Gal- lery and the building of the Buffalo Historical Society. In this section Sca,iaquada creek expands into the Park Lake, covering 46 acres. Eow boats may be hired here at 25c an hour and canoes at 40c. On the shore of the lake is the Casino, a two story building. Kefreshments are sold on the second floor, while the lower floor serves as the boat house. Private canoes as well as those to rent are kept here. Near the Casino is the band stand where open air concerts are given on Sunday after- noons in summer. Swans and other water fowl sail upon the lake, and squirrels scamper up and down the trees in all parts of the enclosure. Among the artistic constructions that beautify the park are several bridges, one of which has two finely sculptured stone lions at each end, a Iironzc statue representing David, the McMillan Memorial Fountain and a heroic bust of Mozart. Department Stores. — The modern idea of many kinds of goods under one roof might be considerd as -a turn backward to the general store of the small village. But the sim- ilarity between the general store and the department store is only on the suface, while the difference be- tween them is radical. A forward step was taken when separate stores, each devoted to a special class of goods, succeeded the general store of the village, and it is a long stride further in advance to a group of these special stores, each with its traind manager, combined in one great establishment. Buffalo has quite a number of these modern es- tablishments, which cater most ac- ceptably to the wants of its resi- dents and draw much patronage from the surrounding country. Going south on Main st. from the residential district, we come first to the store of the Wilson Co. at 563-565 Main st., above Chippewa. This is Buffalo's newest department store, opend in 1910, and has at once taken an enviable place in the list of the city's enterprises.* Nearly opposit is Flint & Kent's, 554-562 Main st. This old estab- lisht house has a national reputa- tion for high standards in its meth- ods and the choice class of its mer- chandise. Its motive has been ex- cellence rather than volume.* Next we come to the Hens & Kelly Co., 478-488 Main st., corner of Mohawk, which is a popular price es- tablishment, with a large number of departments. In the same block is the H. A. Meldrum Co., 460-470 Main st., also with many departments and offering ^See separate article. 33 THE^;i812 BOULDER ON THE PARK MEADOW 54 goods of substantial value. Its increasing tradp has necessitated a large addition to the building on the Pearl st. side, opend in 1910. Nearly opposit is the Wm. Hen- gerer Co., 457-471 Main st., occupy- ing a fine building erected in 1904, to which two stories were added in 1910. This store is carried on in connection with McCreery's, in New York. Its range of goods is wide and includes a large grocery and baked goods department. The Hen- gerer lunch room is a favorit resort for Buffalo shoppers and in the Hen- gerer tea room many afternoon card parties are held. Below Court st., at 396-408 Main, is the Adam, Meldrum & Anderson Co., with a wide variety of goods and maintaining a high standard of quality. This store also is to have an addition on the Pearl st. side.* Nearly opposit, at 383-393 Main st. is J. N. Adam & Co. where reliable goods of many kinds can be found at mo'derate prices. A section of its building was rebuilt so as to af- ford more space, in 1910. Four blocks further down, at 256- 268 Main st., is the Sweeney Co., another popular price store, where a wide variety of goods can be found. Going out Broadway we come to Wiessman & Eiss, at' Nos. 959-963, corner of Fillmore av., Siegrist & Fraley's branch store, at Nos. 1018- 1028, and F. Erion & Co., 1025-1029, which meet many wants at the pop- ular prices demanded by their pat- rons. On William st. we find C. Mach- emer, at 209-215, and Siegrist & Fraley^s main store, 508-518, which are similar to the Broadway stores in their prices and patronage. ^See separate article. Depew is a factory village east of Buffalo establisht by the N. Y. Central E| E. Besides the locomo- tive works of the Central, the fol- lowing companies have their fac- tories here: American Car and Foun- dry Co., National Car Wheel Co., Gould Coupler Co., Empire Smelting Co., Magnus Metal Co., Eailway Steel Spring Co. and Union Car Manufac- turing Co. Eeached by N. Y. Central E. E.; the northern part of the village is reached also by street cars connect- ing with the Genesee st. line and the southern part by cars to Lancaster. Detectives. — The police depart- ment maintains an efficient detective force. There are also several pri- vate detective agencies which do a legitimate business, one of the most reliable being the Byrne National Detective Bureau. There are, unfor- tunately, some others of unsavory reputation, whose methods are semi- criminal. Any one requiring the ser- vices of private detectives had bet- ter make the selection upon the ad- vice of a lawyer of good standing. De Veaux College. — This is an in- stitution at Niagara Falls, N. Y., for the free education of youth of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It was founded by means of a legacy in the will of Judge Samuel De Veaux of that city, who died in 1852. Its grounds are on the edge of the Gorge, opposit the Whirlpool. Devil's Hole is a chasm in the wall of the Niagara Gorge 3 miles above Lewiston, where Indians mas- sacred the drivers and escort of an ox-wagon train carrying goods around the rapids and Falls of Nia- gara in 1763. Two companies hur- rid up from the fort at Lewiston to protect the wagon train and were also butcherd. At the foot of the cliff down which the bodies of the victims were tln'own, near the tracks of the Niagara Gorge E. E., a tablet commemorating the event was placed in 1902. High up in the wall of the chasm is a cave that gives it its name. The tablet bears this inscrip- tion: '^At the top of the cliff above this spot, September 14, 1763, oc- curred the Devil's Hole Massacre, where 500 Seneca Indians ambushed a British supply train, massacred its escort and hurled bodies and wagons into the chasm below, only three, John Steadman, William Matthews and one other escaping. Erected by Niagara Gorge Eail- road Co. and presented to Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association, 1902." Dispensaries for the treatment of poor patients who are able to go to and from their homes, are maintaind in the following locations: BABIES MILK DISPENSAEY, 19 W. Tupper st. BUFFALO EYE AND EAE IN- FIEMAEY, 671-3 Michigan st. CHAEITY EYE, EAE AND THEOAT HOSPITAL, 166 Broad- way. GOOD SAMAEITAN, 188 Seneca St. ST. JOHN'S CHUECH, 357 Forest av. UNIVEESITY OF BUFFALO, 20 High St. Has a dental department. GEEMAN HOSPITAL, 736 Jef- ferson st. TUBEECULOSIS, 165 E. Swan st. Docks.— The plant of the Buffalo Dry Dock Co., at Michigan and Ganson sts., is equipt for building and repairing vessels up to the larg- est size that ply the Great Lakes. It has 3 dry docks and its No. 2 dock is 621 feet long while the largest lake steamer afloat is only a little over 600 feet in length. (See also Wharves and Docks.) Dogs. — Licenses permitting dogs to run at large are issued by the captains of police precincts. The license fees are $1 a year for a male dog and $2 for a female. The dog pound where unlicenst dogs caught at large are kept, and des- troyd if not redeemd at once, is at the foot of Georgia st. Dom Polski (Polish home), is a substantial brick building at 1077- 79 Broadway, It was built by the Polish societies of Buffalo to provide themselves with lodge rooms. There are two stores on the ground floor with a wide entrance to the cor- ridor and stairways between them. The rear of this floor is rented to the Buffalo Public Library for the William Ives branch. On the second floor the Charity Organization So- ciety has two rooms, and various lodges occupy the rest of the floor. The third floor is a large public hall. Driving Park. — On East Ferry st., between Jefferson st. and HumlDoldt pky., is the old Driving Park, for- merly used for horse racing. It is also calld the Fair Grounds, as fairs were formerly held here. At present it is used only for circuses, athletic contests and other exhibitions re- quiring a large space. Dunkirk. — One of the oldest cities in Western New York and a thriving energetic place of approximately 15,000 inhabitants. It is situated on Lake Erie, 40 miles southwest of Buffalo, and has a harbor protected by Point Gratiot and a breakwater. It has five steam railroads, the Lake Shore, Pennsylvania. Erie, Nickel Plate and a line to Pittsburg. Fare from Buffalo, $1.06; round trip, $1.95. Eeached also by the Buffalo and L, Erie electric cars; fare, 85e.; •round trip, $1.55; running time 1 hr. 50 min. It has a number of large manufacturing establishments, among 56 wliieli is one of- tlie principal plants of the American Locomotive Works. Its fishing interests are also im- portant. It contains the Brooks Memorial Library and Hospital, the St. Mary's Academic school and the East Springfield Acadeaay. It has fine paved streets and many hand- some residences, and is altogether a thoroly modern citj^ well worth knowing. It boasts a delightful summer resort, called Point Gratiot, which is reached by a local branch of the trolley line. D'Youville College and Academy of the Holy Angels was incorporated in, lOOS, lb" college being an 001- growth of the academy, which was founded in 1857. It is an institu- tion for the education of girls, con- ducted by the Grey Nuns of the Cross, with aditional professors and lecturers, and is emplowerd to confer degrees, by the University of the State of New York. The buildings occupy ample grounds at Porter and Prospect avs. Besides the ordinary class rooms and dormitory rooms, there are science laboratories, a lib- rary, reading room, auditorium, .15 sound-proof music rooms and an art studio. Tuition in the college is $100 a year, art and music extra; board $250 a year. The- Academy has both a grammar and a high school department, whose courses of study are up to the stand- ard .set by the regents of the State University. Tuition is from $30 to $60, according to grades. Eagle Park is a picnic ground on the west shore of Grand Island and is reached by excursion steamers. East Aurora is a village in the town of Aurora 17 miles southeast of Buffalo, on the Pennsylvania Rail- road. Fare, 43c. It has a popula- tion of about 2000, six churches, an excellent school, a bank, a news- paper, an agricultural implement works, planing mill, grist mill and electric light plant. There is a hotel in the village, the Roycrof t Inn, conducted by The Roycrofters. Rates, American plan, $2 a day; with private bath and out-of-door sleeping room or other special accommoda- tions, from $3 to $5. The Inn is supplied with vegetables from the Roycrof t Farm. It has horses and motor cars for hire and boats and canoes can be had on Cazenovia Creek, about half a mile away. (See Roycroft Shop). Ebenezer is a small village lying east of the extreme southern part of Buffalo. Reached by Pennsylvania railroad, distance 6 miles, or by street cars connecting with the Seneca st. line. Elections. — All general and pri- mary elections in Erie county are held under the charge of the Com- missioner of Elections, whose office is at 99 W. Genesee st. He has the custody of the election booths and voting machines and all other prop- erty used at elections, gives notice in the newspapers when elections are to be held, stating the boundaries of the election districts and the loca- tion of the polling places. He also has charge of the registration of voters. The present commissioner is George D. Emerson. Electric Beach is a picnic resort in an oak grove on the east shore of Grand Island. Eeached by excursion steamers. It has a dancing pavilion, base ball ground and the other usual picnic attractions. A ferry from Tonawanda lands about a mile below the grove. It was formerly called El- dorado. Electrical Development Company of Ontario. — The granit power house of this company, at Niagara Falls, Ont., stands at the edge of the rap- ids above the Horseshoe Fall. It was erected in 1906 and is notable for its massive beauty. Visitors are ad- mitted and shown thru the plant by guides, a charge of 25c being made for this service. The superinten- dent's office is on the second floor, at the south end of the building. This is the newest of the great power plants at the Falls, and like its two near neighbors, it has foun- dations laid for nearly doubling its size. Elevators. — The great number of these mammoth barn-like structures that tower above the other buildings along the water front testifies to the immense volume of grain and flax- seed that passes thru Buffalo. There are 28 elevators in the city, having a total storage capacity of 24,600,000 bushels, and the buildings with their machinery cost about . $13,000,000. They handle from 100 to 120 million bushels a year. Elmlawn is a cemetery establisht by the Buffalo Burial Park Assoc, in 1901. It is located on Delaware av. in the town of Tonawanda, about 7 miles from the Buffalo city hall. Eeached by Kenmore-Tonawanda street cars^ Some 40 acres of the grounds have been improved and the Association has erected a mortuary chapel and receiving tomb in the Gothic style. There were about 2,- 500 interments up to Jan. 1, 1910. The fnneral car Elmlawn may be charterd for funerals from any point reached by the tracks of the Inter- national Eailway. It carries 34 per- sons together with the remains. The superintendent's office is at the main entrance and the city office at 44 W. Eagle St. The president of the Assoc, is ueorge N. Eeynolds and the secretary is J. G. Wallenmeier. Engineering, Bureau of. — This is a division of the Department of Pub- lic Works under a deputy commis- sioner. The buream has charge of the construction and repair of the public streets, pavements, sewers, bridges and wharves, makes all sur- veys needed for this work, and makes and has the custody of all maps and plans of the department relating to the same. It issues per- mits for sewer, water and gas con- nections and for the construction of pole lines and conduits in the pub- lic streets and inspects the work done under such permits. Present Deputy Engineer Cofnmissioner, Charles M. Morse. Episcopal Churches. — The Protest- ant Episcopal church is well repre- sented in Buffalo^ This city is in the diocese of Western New York, and is the residence of the bishop, the Eight Eev. William D. Walker, D. D. St. Paul's is the cathedral church. Business matters concerning the diocese are attended to at 367 Elmwood av. — the Episcopal ' resi- aence. The following is a list of the Epis- copal churches in Buffalo with their locations: ALL SAINTS, Main and Utica sts. ASCENSION, 43 North st. CHEIST. Glenwood and Storz avs. EPIPHANY, Willet st. n. Clinton. GOOD SHEPAED, Jewett and Summit avs. 58 GEACE, Niagara and Penfield sts. HOLY INNOCENTS CHAPEL, 804 Seventh st. ST. ANDEEWS, Goodell st. near Elm. ST. BAETHOLOMEW^S, 567 How- ard st. ST. CLEMENT'S, Grider and bussex sts. ST. JAMES', Spring and E. Swan sts. ST. JOHN'S, 428 Lafayette av ST. JUDE 'S, 30 Macamley st. * ST_ LUKE'S, Eichmond and Sum- mer sts. ST. MAEK'S, Dearborn st. near ST. MAEK'S CHAPEL, Saratoga St. ST. MAEY'S-ON-THE-HILL,Niag- ara and Vermont sts. ST. MATTHEW'S, Babcock near Seneca st. ST. PAUL 'S, Erie and Pearl sts. ST. PETEE'S, 1074 Lovejoy st. ST PHILIP'S, Elm st. near N, Division. ST. SIMON'S, Glendhu and Caze- navia sts. ST. STEPHEN'S, Bailey av. and Eoy st. ST. THOMAS', 401 Elk st. TEINITY, Delaware av, near T upper st. Erie iSasin is a part of the harbor shelterd by a short section of break- water and used chiefly by vessels when in need of repairs. It extends from the foot of Erie St, to Georgia St. Erie County was set off from Niag- ra county in 1821, and Buffalo, which had been the county seat of Niagara county before the division, was made the seat of the new county. It ex- tends from Tonawanda creek on the north to Cattaraugus creek on ..the south, and is bounded on the west by the Niagara river and Lake Erie and on the east by Genesee and Wyoming counties. It comprises the cities of Buffalo, Tonawanda and Lackawanna and 25 towns. Evangelical Churches. — The fol- lowing are the several groups of churches in Buffalo bearing the iic! lue of Evangelical: EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. FIEST, Spruce and Sycamore sts. MEMOEIAL, Utica and Wohlers sts. ST. JAMES ', 461 Ehode Island st. ST. PAUL'S, 57 Grape st. SECOND, 86 Krettner st. EVANGELICAL (GEEMAN). BETHLEHEM, Genesee st. and E. Parade av, CALVAEY, 2105 Fillmore av. CHEISTUS, Clinton st. and Bailey av. EMMANUEL, Military rd, and Glor st, FEIEDENS, 614 Eagle st, PILGEIM, (English), Spring st, near Sycamore. ST, ANDEEW'S, Genesee and Domedion sts, ST. JACOB'S, Jefferson st. near High. ST. LUKE'S, Eichmond av. and W. Utica St. ST. MATTHEW 'S, Swan and Hag- erman sts. ST. PETEE'S, Genesee and Hick- ory sts. ST, STEPHEN'S, Peckham and Adams sts, SALEM, Calumet st. TEINITY, Gold st. near Lovejoy. UNITED BETHANIA, Eaton near Masten st. UNITED ST. .lOHN, Amherst st. near East. UNITED ST, MAEK'S, 395 Oak St. UNITED ST. PAUL'S, 496 Elli- cott st. 59 EVANGELICAL (LUTHEKAN). ATONEMENT, 560 Eagle st. CALVAEY, Dodge and Ellicott sts. CHEIST, Broadway, near Fox st. CONCORDIA, Northampton st. near Jefferson. EMMANUEL, Laux st. near Clint- on st. EMMAUS, Southampton st. near Jefferson, GERMAN LUTHERAN TRIN- ITY, 197 Goodell st. GETHSEMA, Goodyear st. near Genesee. GRACE, Carlton and Rose sts. HOLY TRINITY, Michigan st. near Genesee. HOLY TRINITY, Main st. near North. IMMANUEL, 270 Longnecker st. REDEEMER, .Elmwood and High- land avs. REDEEMER, Doat st. near Bailey av. ST. ANDREW. Sherman and Peck- ham sts. ST. JOHN, Hickory st. near Broadwav. ST. PAUL'S, 84 Scoville st. SWEDISH, Spring st. near Broad- way. TABOR, Leroy pi. near Fillmore ZION, 20 Alexander pi. ZION, Ferry and Nineteenth sts. EVANGELICAL REFORMD. EMMANUEL, E. Utica st. and Humboldt pky. JERUSALEM SOCIETY, 43 Mil- ler av. ST. JOHN'S, Good av. and Lilac St. ST. PAUL'S, Durstein st. and Park View av. SALEMS, 413-15 Sherman st. ZION, Lemon st. near Cherry, ZOAR, Genesee and Rohr sts. Evans is a town on the shore of Lake Erie, about 20 miles southwest of Buffalo. It has stations on the Lake Shore and Pennsylvania Rail- roads at North Evans, Derby and Angola and the Buffalo & Lake Erie electric cars run thru the town. Population in 1900, 2795. Exchanges, — The following are the trade organizations that provide a common meeting place for buyers and sellers in Buffalo: BUILDERS', Builders' Exchange bldg.. Pearl and Court sts, CORN, Chamber of Commerce bldg., Main and Seneca sts. HARDWOOD LUMBER, 50 Ar- thur st. LIVE STOCK, Live Stock Ex- change bldg., William and Depot sts. Express Companies. — The follow- ing companies, which do business over the railroads and steamer lines running to various parts of the United States and to foreign coun- tries, have ofl&ces in Buffalo. Any of them will call for packages in any part of the city to be shipt to outside places. ADAMS, Main and W. Swan sts. AMERICAN, Main and Erie sts. CANADIAN, 3 S. Division st. PACIFIC, 22 E. Swan st. SOUTHERN, in office of Adanis Co. UNITED STATES, 22 E. Swan st. WELLS-FARGO, 174-6 Pearl st, MEXICAN, in~ office of Wells- Fargo Co. There are also several local ex- presses operating within the city, among which are the Delivery Co., 563 Niagara st., and the C. W. Miller Transfer Co., 8 E. Eagle st., and others running to nearby towns. The Miller Co. also operates cabs. It has offices in all railroad depots and makes a specialty of taking pas- se r m H > H o H H O z or by the Belt Line to Porter av. station. There is a band-stand in this park, also a convenient shelter house and lavatory. Altho the Front contains only 48 acres, its extent is practically increast by the 28 acres of the adjoining Fort Porter reserva- tion. Frontier Telephone System. — One of the most interesting sights in the city of Buffalo is. the immense switch- board of the Federal Telephone & Telegraph Company located at the office of their Frontier System, 332 Ellicott st. Equipt with an ultimate capacity sufficient to give telephone service to over 30,000 subscribers, it is now supplying over 17,000 sub- scribers in the city of Buffalo. In the operation of this switchboard about 115 girls are employd as operators and from 165,000 to 185,000 tele- phone connections are made each day, which means over 50,000,000 telephone calls in each twelve months. The operators on a board of this size become experts in the matter of handling these calls, and it is wonderful to see the rapidity, with which they work. The switchboard is, in itself, a wonderful piece of mechanical dev- elopment. There are 54,000,000 feet or 10,227 miles of wire in this board. This is over three times the distance from New York to San Francisco. There are also 1,260,000 solderd con- nections, 192,790 jacks, 10,584 elec- tric lamps and 1,394,000 separate in- terchangeable parts to the board. In order to give the prefect service which is given by the Frontier Sys- tem, it is important that these parts be inspected with great care each twenty-four hours. This work is done at night after 12 o'clock, and each morning at 7 o'clock, this mammoth switchboard is in as good physical condition as it was the day before. In serving the subscribers about the city of Buffalo, 269,925,712 feet or 51,122 miles of wire is used, which is more than enough to twice en- circle the earth. This company in about seven years of operation has accomplisht a most wonderful growth, entirely fulfilling its mission of furnishing a successful telephone competition without which Buffalo could not boast of so efficient a telephone service at moderate rates,, to over 37,000 people. Wherever you see the Telephone Shield, remember it is the emblem of good service and competition. Fur Stores, see More's Hatterie and Furrierie. J^ 72 BUILDING OF THE FRONTIER TELEPHONE SYSTEM 73 G Garages. — Owing to the large num- ber of motor cars ownd in Buffalo, and to the fact that many tourists make this city a stopping place, ex- tensive garage accomodations are de- manded and supplied. A complete list of the garages in the city would require more space than can be spared in this book, but at one of the following the visitor or new resident can be sure of room and good care for his car, also competent repairing, if required. ACME, 324 Elmwood av. AUBURN AVENUE, 419 Auburn av. BUFFALO GARAGE CO., 414 W. Ferry st. BUFFALO MOTOR CAR CO., 437- 441 Pearl st. BUFFALO TAXICAB CO., 32 Ed- ward st. CENTRAL, 22 W. Utica st. DELAWARE, 257 Delaware av. FRANKLIN, 347 Franklin st. MAIN, 891 Main st. MAXWELL, 24 Goodrich st. NORWOOD, 121 Norwood av. PARK, 947 Elmwood av. UNITED STATES, 1114 Main st. Gardenville is a small village ly- ing east of the southern part of Buf- falo. Reached by Pennsylvania rail- road to Ebenezer, distance 6 miles, or by street cars connecting with the Seneca st. line. Gas Supply. — Residents of Buffalo can be supplied with both artificial and natural gas. The Buffalo Gas Co., 186-8 Main st., supplies artificial gas at the rate of $1 net per 1000 feet. The Buffalo Natural Gas Ftiel Co., 257 Washington st., supplies nat- ural gas from wells in western New York and Pennsylvania at 30c. net per 1000 feet. German Martin Luther Theological Seminary, 154 Maple st. Tliis is a seminary for the trainiug of minis- ters earrid on under the directioTi of the Lutheran Synod of Buffalo. Grand Army of the Republic. — There are 5 G. A. R. posts in Buffalo and several women's auxiliary soc- ieties, all using meeting rooms sup- plied by the city in the Convention Hall building, except one post which meets at 246 Sycamore st. The Grand Army Bureau of Relief, which disburses funds supplied by the city under a State law, has its office at 15 1-2 W. Seneca st. Grand Island is a farming town comprising the iland of the same name, which divides the Niagara river into two channels a short dis- tance north of Buffalo, with a few adjacent ilets. The iland is about 8 miles long and its greatest width is about 6 miles, from which it nar- rows to a point at each end. It is reached by three ferries from the Tonawandas. One runs from a point about three-quarters of a mile north of the Buffalo city line to the Bedell House; a street car connecting with the Niagara-O'Neill st. line runs to the landing. The Whitehaven ferry runs from a landing in the city of Tonawanda, and the Edgewater ferry from Edgewater Landing in North Tonawanda, below the lumber dis- trict. The Edgewater ferry carries passengers only; the other two take vehicles as well. Fare by White- haven or Edgewater boat, lOc, round trip 15c. In summer a steamer runs from W. Ferry st., Buffalo, to the Bedell House near the southern end of the iland, on the east shore. On the west shore and also near the southern end are the houses of the Inland Club and Oakwpod Club, which are private family hotels. About half way down the east shore 74 is Electric Beacli and three iiiiies l)e- you z z J o u z o O bJ U z Q en a: 80 others are ownd and conducted by fysicians. In addition to patients who pay for their own care, most of the hospitals receive poor patients whose care is paid for by the city or some society. Those having facili- ties for cases of contagious disease are the Contagious Diseases Hospi- tal, the Erie County and the Chil- dren's, the last named taking cases of contagious children's diseases. The following is a list of the hos- pitals in the city, with a brief des- cription of each: BUFFALO GENERAL HOSPI- TAL, High, Elm and Goodrich sts. Founded in 1855; has 300 beds; for all diseases except contagious. Charges for patients are $8 a week in the wards and $2 to $5 a day in private or semi-private rooms. The main building has a sun room and a roof garden. There is also a building for isolating contagious dis- eases that develop on the premises. The Harrington hospital for children and maternity cases, one of the buildings recently erected, is of sup- erior construction in every way. It stands on Goodrich st., opposit the other buildings. The total expenses of the General Hospital are over $100,000 a year, of which about $20,000 is met bv the income of in- vested funds. It has a school of nursing, opend in 1876, with a 3 years course. President of the trus- tees, Charles W. Pardee; superinten- dent, Renwick R. Ross, M. D. BUFFALO HOSPITAL, 1883 Main St., is the oldest in the city and is the next to the largest, having 260 beds. Its precent main building is thoroly modern in its equipment and working force. About 2,000 patients are treated each year. It is com- monly calld the Sisters' Hospital be- ing conducted by the Catholic order of Sisters of Charity. BUFFALO STATE HOSPITAL, on Forest av. west of Delaware Park, from which it is separated by Elm- wood av. Reached by Elmwood av. or Forest av. cars. This is one of the institutions for public insane patients maintaind by the State of New York. Private patients are ad- mitted only when vacancies exist. The spacious enclosure comprises 185 acres, part of which is cultivated as a farm and the rest is used for the recreation of the inmates and at- tendants. The administration build- ing is the center of a curved chain of stone and brick ward buildings connected by corridors, more than half a mile in total length. This group may be recognized from a dis- tance by the two great square towers with bright red tiled roofs, rising above the main building. There are usually over 1,900 pat- ients. Visiting days for relatives of patients are Monday, Wednesday and Friday, from 2 to 5 p. m.; no general visiting except by special application. Superintendent, Arthur W. Hurd, M. D. BUFFALO WOMAN'S HOSPI- TAL, 191 Georgia st. For maternity cases and women's diseases; capacity 36 beds. Charges for patients $12 to $30 a week. Has a training school for nurses. Drs. C. C. Frederick and Earl P. Lothrop, proprietors. CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, 219 Bryant st. Founded in 1892; new building given by Mrs. Charles W. Pardee was opend in 1908, For all diseases of children. About 300 patients treated each year. Charges in wards, $8 a week; in rooms, $10 to $35 a week. There are also sev- eral endowd free beds. This hos- pital has a nurses' training school with a course of 3 years. President of board of managers, Mrs. Lester Wheeler; superintendent. Miss Ada E. Igguldin. 81 Z 3 D ca CD O X UJ < UJ 82 CITY HOSPITAL FOE WOMEN, 859 Humboldt pky. For maternity cases and women's diseases; capacity 25 beds. Charges for patients, $7 to $25 a week. Friends may visit patients from 2 to 5 and 7 to 9 p. m. Charles F. Congdon, M.D., fysician in charge. CONTAGIOUS DISEASE HOS- PITAL, Broadway and Spring st. Is maintaind by the city and was opend Feb. 22, 1909. It has 150 beds; charges for paying patients are $10 a week; no visiting is allowd. Sup- erintendent, Walter S. Goodale, M.T). COLUMBUS HOSPITAL, 298 Nia- gara st. Charles E. Borzilleri, M. D., proprietor. EMEEGENCY HOSPITAL, E. Eagle and Pine sts. In charge of Sisters of Charity; 83 beds; ex- clusively for accident cases. About 1300 patients treated each year. EEIE COUNTY HOSPITAL, 3399 Main st. A public institution for the poor of Erie county. Capacity, 450 beds. FEONTIEIl HOSPITAL, 1331 Main st. Opend in 1907. This is an emergency and general hospital car- rid on by a corporation. It issues certificates for $2 a year which en- title holders to free treatment for in- juries and reduced rates for cases of sickness. Other patients are taken, the charges ranging from $10.50 to $25 per week. There are not more than 5 beds in a ward and private rooms can be had. GEEMAN HOSPITAL, 742 Jef- ferson st. Managed by a board of German citizens; admits both paying and city patients; 65 beds. Charles Duchmann, superintendent. GEEMAN DEACONESS HOME AND HOSPITAL, 218 Kingsley st. Has' 70 beds. IRev. Henry Noehren, superintendent. HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL, at present occupies a small building at 74 Cottage st. Both charity and paying patients are admitted. Cap- acity, 54 beds. It has a school for nurses. President of trustees, H. E. Montgomery. This institution has outgrown its quarters and is erecting a fine scien- tifically pland structure at Linwood and Lafayette avs., which will be known as the Hahnemann Hospital. INVALID'S HOTEL, 663 Main st. Founded by Dr. E. V. Pierce in 1878. For the cure of nervous diseases, dis- eases of women and other disorders. Has 100 beds; charges for patients, $30 a week and upward. Lee H. Smith, M. D., superintendent. KEELEY INSTITUTE, 799 Niag- ara st. For the cure of liquor and drug addictions; capacity 25 to 30 patients. Charges for treatment, $25 a week; board $8 to $12. LEXINGTON HEIGHTS HOS- PITAL, 173 Lexington av. James E. King, M. D., surgeon in chief. MEECY HOSPITAL, 955 Tifft st. Opend Sept. 24, 1904. Capacity 44 beds; charges for patients, $7 a week in wards, $9 to $20 a week in rooms. Visiting hours for wards, 2 to 4 p. m. dailv except Saturday; for rooms, 10 to 12 a. m., 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 p. m. Has a training school for nurses. Conducted by the Catholic order of Sisters of Mercy. PAEKSIDE SANITAEIUM, 1392 x\mherst st. Sidney A. Dunham, M. D.. proprietor. PEOVIDENCE EETEEAT, Main st. and Kensington av. ; for nervous and insane cases. About 400 pat- ients cared for each vear. QUAEANTINE HOSPITAL, 770 E. Ferry st. Opend in 1906; has 60 beds; supported by the city. No paying patients are taken and no visiting is allowd. Charles F. Durand, M. D., superintendent. EIVEESIDE HOSPITAL, 113 Laf ayette av. For medical surgical and 83 -1 < h cu O X z a X u UJ X maternity eases; capacity 50 beds. Patients can be attended bj^ their own fysicians. Clmrges for board and nursing, $10 to $30 a week; pro- fessional attendance to be arranged for with the fysician. Visiting hours Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday from 2 to 5 and 7 to 8:45 p. m.; Sundays by permission. Has a train- ing school for nurses. Lillian Craig Kandall, M. D., proprietor and man- ager. EIVEESIDE ACCIDENT HOS- PITAL, 118 E. Swan st. Under the same management as the above. U. S. MAEINE HOSPITAL, 2183- 85 Main st. Has a 4-story brick and stone building, opend Sept. 1, 1909. For lake sailors; 50 beds. Surgeon D. A. Carmichael, medical officer in command. Hotels. — Whether for a transient stay or a residence of years, the hotels of Buffalo afford most satis- factory accomodations, and some of the newest and largest are palatial in their appointments. While the greater number are naturally lo- cated in the business section, the visitor who wishes to stay in the quieter residence parts of the city will find many excellent houses to choose from there. The following is a list of good hotels in all parts of the city, with the main facts about each. Am. stands for American plan and Eu. for European. Special rates can be obtaind by the week or month if the arrangement is made at the outset. AELINGTON, Exchange st. opposit Central depot. J, W. McKay, pro- prietor. 100 rooms; Am. $2 to $2.50; Eu. $1. HOTEL BEOE'ZEL, Seneca and Wells sts. Chas, E. Ihle, manager. 150 rooms; Am. $3 up. BUCKINGHAM. Allen and Mariner sts.. 6 blocks west of Main. 80 rooms; Am. $2 up; Eu. $1 up. W. E. Cullen, manager. CASTLE INN, Niagara sq. and Dela- ware av. 70 rooms; Am. $2.50 up. E. H. Taft. proprietor. CEANDALL HOUSE, 965 William st. O. J. Purdy, proprietor. 80 rooms; Am. $1.50 up. Near stock 3'ards and horse market. CHELTENHAM, 234 Franklin st. J. H. Arnholt, proprietor. Am. $2 up; Eu. $1 up. GENESEE, Main and W. Genesee sts. J. E. Murphy, proprietor. 135 rooms; Eu. $1 up. lEOQUOIS, Main and E. Eagle sts. Woolley & Gerrans, managers. 400 rooms; Eu. $1.50 up.* KING EDWAED, Niagara st. near Main. Brace & Morrison, proprie- tors. 100 rooms; Eu. 75c to $1.50. LAFAYETTE, Washington and Clin- ton sts. C. E. Eldridge, manager. 300 rooms; Eu. $1.50 up.* LENOX, North st. near Delaware av. C. A. Miner, manager. 240 rooms; Eu. $1.50 up.* MANSION HOUSE, Main and Ex- change sts. Jos. E. Diebold, man- ager. 160 rooms; Eu. $1 up. HOTEL MONEOE, Pearl st. near Tupper. W. P. Eice, proprietor. 75 rooms; Am. $1.50 up; Eu. 75c up. McLEOD'S, Exchange and Wells sta. Duncan McLeod, proprietor. MAEKEEN, Main and E. Utica sts. C. M. Pierce, manager, 175 rooms. Am. $2.50 up. STAFFOED, Washington and Carroll sts. Chas. G. Thorn, manager. Am. $2.00 up. HOTEL STATLEE, Washington and Swan sts. E. M. Statler, proprie- tor. 300 rooms; Eu. $1.50 up. HOTEL TOUEAINE, 274 Delaware av. Henshaw & Steenman, man- *See separate article. 85 agers. 250 rooms; Am. $3 up; Eu. $1.50 up, HOTEL VICTOEIA, 570 Main st. Leo Manger, proprietor. 100 rooms Am. $1.50 up; Eu. 75c up. Humlboldt Park. — This is the prin- cipal park on the east side of the city, having an area of 56 acres, and lying between Northampton and Best sts,, on the line of Fillmore av. Eeached by Fillmore av., Best or Genesee st. cars, or Belt Line to Oen- esee st. station. Among its attrac- tions are a pool in which a large fountain plays, another containing a fine collection of water lilies and other aquatic plants, and still an- other provided for children to wade in. The wading pond is 500 feet across; it has a sandy bottom and the depth increases gradually from the edge to 30 inches in the middle. This park has a shelter house, there is also a band stand where concerts are given in summer, and the grounds are brightly lighted evenings by elec- tricity. Propagating houses to sup- ply plants for the various parks and public squares are located in Hum- boldt Park. ^^ Buffalo enjoys the unusual distinction of having two Huyler stores^ at 350 Main st. and at 566 Main st. Few cities out- side of New York are so favord, and it proves how highly Buffalon- ians esteem the unequald Huyler 's Candy. The first Huyler store was opend in 1884 at the present down town location, 350 Main st., and at once leapt into popularity. One of the most distinctive fea- tures of Buffalo's social life is the Huyler Candy and Huyler dinner favors — most of our social leaders would deem any social function lack- ing in its correct entertainment un- less Huyler 's confections were served in some form. The Huyler stores in Buffalo are liandsomely finisht, the uptown store, especially being noticeably elegant in its beautiful embellishments of mahogany and marble and artistic color scheme. The store service and management is thoroly .alert and al- ways studying how to best serve its patrons and fully merit its rapidly increasing business. Huyler 's is ownd, controlld, op- erated and managed by the same in- terests today as during the past thirty years. Purity, quality, flavor and workmanship watched more carefully, than ever. Huyler 's is in no way interested in any other confectionery establishments. Hydraulics, The. — A section of Buffalo in the neighborhood of the old Hydraulic Canal, w'hich formerly extended from the eastern end of the Hamburg Canal to the line of the present Hydraulic st. 87 Indians. — Visitors from more east- ern cities always notice the Indian men and women who are seen pass- ing along the streets in Buffalo or standing at favorable points to sell wild flowers, and berries, sass9,fras bark, etc. They are descendants of the red men of the Seneca and other tribes of the Iroquois group, who formerly had western New York as their hunting grounds, and they live on the Cattaraugus Reservation, about 30 miles southwest of the city. The most famous Indian of this vicinity was Sagoyewatha, which means One who keeps awake, calld Eed Jacket by the English, who died 20 Jan., 1830. His remains and those of chiefs Cornplanter, Tall Chief, Tom Pollard and Two Guns were re- moved from the Indian cemetery in South Buffalo to Forest Lawn, where a monument to their memory was erected. On the Buffalo river, some three or four miles from its mouth, Sen- eca Indian villages were establisht during the Eevolutionary war, refu- gees settling there in 1779-80, after Sullivan's raid had destroyd their old homes in the Genesee Valley. In this neighborhood was built a coun- cil house in which treaties of na- tional importance were made. Its exact location is not now known. A mission to the Seneca Indians here was establisht early in the last cen- tury. North of Cazenovia Park is the site of the mission church built in 1826, also the Indian cemetery where Eed Jacket and other chiefs were buried before their removal to Forest Lawn. Indian Church st. now runs thru the old churchyard. The cemetery ground on Buffum st. was given to the city in 1909 by Mr. and Mrs. John D. Larkin as an addition to the park system. The Seneca mis- sion house, built prior to 1831, is still standing, opposit the cemetery, and is in good preservation. Here dwelt the Eev. Asher Wright and his wife, and in this house educa- tional and religious books and a newspaper were printed in the Sen- eca tongue. Instruction, Department of Public. — All matters of public education in Buffalo, except the examination of teachers and inspection of schools, are in charge of a Superintendent of Education, elected by the people for a term of 4 years. His of&ce is on the 2nd floor of the Municipal Build- ing. He is assisted in the work of administration by four supervisors, one each for the grammar grades, primary grades, kindergartens and German. The instruction in some special studies is supervised by direc- tors. These are music, penmanship, drawing, manual training, sewing, domestic science and fysical culture. The superintendent appoints the teachers from eligible lists furnisht by the School Examiners, appoints the supervisors and directors, his secretary and office assistants and employs the janitors or engineers of school buildings. Henry P. Emerson has been superintendent since 1893. In the school year 1907-08, the reg- istration of pupils in the public day schools was 62,157, in the night schools, 5,918. There were 1,473 teachers in the day schools. The expenditures made by the superin- tendent were $1,282,388.25 and by the department of public works for buildings, furniture, fuel, etc., $426,- 306.24. In the same year, 74 private and parochial schools reported a reg- istration of 24,282 pupils. Truants are lookt after by 8 attendance of- ficers. Free text books have been supplied since 1893 in the day schools and 88 since 1898 in the niglit schools. Only books for English literature and for reading in forein languages are bought by the pupils. The teachers have a retirement fund maintaind by a small assess- ment on their salaries. Nearly $40,- 000 was added to it by a teachers bazar held in 1902. Pensions to the amount of about $12,000 a year are being paid to retired teachers from this fund. (See School Examiners and Schools, Public). Iroquois Hotel. — This widely famed house, standing at the corner of Main and Eagle sts., in reputation and in prominence of location i? eas- ily the equal of what the Fifth Ave- nue in New York was in its palmiest days, but unlike that famous hostel- ry it is still with us and its appoint- ments, already luxurious, are to be still further improved. In its spac- ious of&ce rotunda may be seen, com- ing and going or chatting in groups, guests from all parts of the United States, and often distinguisht vis- itors from forein lands. On the ground floor also are the main din- ing room, the main parlor or ladies' lobby, with superb furnishings in delightful harmonies, the ladies' res- taurant with decorations in old rose and gold, the palm garden, where a string orchestra, in the loggia, dis- courses soft music during the even- ing hours, and the men 's cafe with its massive inlaid mahogany wood- work and fittings. The writing room, barber shop and other minor rooms are fitted up most tastefully. On the second floor is a spacious lobby decorated in white and pale tints and luxuriously furnisht. On one side of this lobby is a parlor, splen- did in gold and old rose, and on the other is a restaurant seating 350, decorated in a Venetian effect with tints all selected from the orange tree and its fruit and foliage. On this floor also is a banquet hall in the style of Francois I, and several beautifully decorated and furnisht private dining rooms. The 400 bed- rooms on the other eight floors are furnisht in tasteful luxury. Every one has a telefone and many have private baths.- From the roof a splen- did view can be had over the busy city, and across the foot of L, Erie and the Niagara river to the plains of Canada beyond. Within two or three blocks from its doors are the principal banks, the city hall, the court rooms, the Federal building, and large office buildings, in which the most important business matters that bring visitors to the city are transacted. Iroquois Rubber Company. — In the center of the down-town district, at /^"^ 379 to 383 Washington st., stands the large 5-story building occupied by the above-named company. Its location is within half a block of 90 73 o o c o X o H m r 91 the Iroquois and Lafayette Hotels. The business was establisht in 1896 and now embraces everything in rub- ber and automobile supplies. In its Jail. — This is a county institution great warehouse, containing 34,000 and stands at Delaware av. and square feet of floor space, may be Church st. It is 4 stories high, of seen an immense display of rubber whitestone, and was built in 1877. goods, including the new ''nobby An extension was added to the south tread," non-skid auto tires of the end in 1908. It has cells for 200 Morgan & Wright mahe, rubber boots inmates, A tunnel under the ave- and shoes, coats, caps, gloves and nue is used for conducting prisoners leggings, — mechanical rubber goods, to a.nd from the court rooms in the such as belting, hose, tubing and City and County Hall opposit. pacldng,-druggists' rubber sun- jamestown.-This is the most im- dries, household rubber goods and .^ Chautauqua county even toys. The lines carrid m tnis €, . xi, -d • -i j 4. x-u j; 4. , -111, 3 J! 4. It IS on the Lrie railroad, at the root store include brass goods for motor n r^. . 11 rrn -i ^i, -, . . 1, • M ^ n of Chautauqua lake, 70 miles south- cars, driving chains, oilers and all j. £ -n ^c i xi a-i ^7?: j ,, ' , ^, ., 'v west of Buffalo, Fare $1.75, round other automobile supplies, . . ^ ,^ "Ppached also from West- Here also will be found a fully f \P T t -^eacHed also trom West equipt tire repair shop, in which ^^^^ ^^ Jamestown railroad It has thoroly experienced men are employd. J Population of over 25 000 and its ^ ^ ^ -^ factories produce lurniture, woolen goods, plush, shoes, boilers, engines and hardware. There are 22 churches and chapels, 3 daily news- papers and 3 libraries. It is in an agricultural region and has long been a popular summer resort. Jewish Churches.— On Delaware av. below North st. stands a wide, substantial stone building, with a _^ • large central dome and two domed towers at the front corners. This is Temple Beth Zion, the chief Jewish synagog in the city. It was built in 1890, of Medina sandstone, and is in the Byzantine style, with some Romanesque features. Services are held at 10.30 a. m, on the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday), and at 7,30 p, m. on Friday, which devout people of any faith are welcome to attend. There is also a children's service on Sunday at 10 a. m in the Assembly Room of the Temple, The rabbi is the Rev. Israel Aaron, D, D, A complete list of the Jewish Churches in Buffalo follows: AHAVAS-SHOLEM, 407 Jefferson st. 92 H m r m m H N O Z AHAVATHACHIM, Fillmore av. ANSHE-LABAWIZ, Pratt st. BETH-EL, 71 Elm st. BETH JACOB, Clinton and Walnut sts. BEITH SHALOM, 181 Pine st. HICKOEY STEEET, Hickory st. TEMPLE BETH ZION, Delaware av. near North st. L K Kenilworth Park is a race track just outside the city limits on the north. During race meets, Main st. cars run to the park. It was disused during the season of 1909. Kenmore is a residential village adjoining Buffalo on the north, and having about 1,000 population. It lies on both sides of Delaware av., extending from Belmont st. west- ward to the Military rd. Its resi- dents take much pride in making their suburb the most up-to-date and well kept village in Western New York. Kenmore has water and gas supplies, sewers and more pa.ved streets and sidewalks th^n any vil- lage of its size in the State. Well trimd lawns and sha,de trees line the streets and add greatly to their beauty. All departments of the local government are well administerd, and a progressive spirit is every- where in evidence. Kenmore has a postoffice, 3 churches, 3 volunteer fire companies, a fine high school, and is erecting a new high school building at a cost of about $50,000. The Ken- more Gymnasium, which cost over $15,000, has a hall that will seat 1,000 persons, a full equipment of apparatus and a large swimming pool. Eeached by Kenmore or Ton- Rwanda street cars. Lackawanna. — Part of the town of West Seneca, on the lake shore and adjoining Buffalo on the south, be- came in July, 1909, the City of Lack- awanna, with a population of 11,370. It includes the plant of the Lacka- wanna Steel Co. and considerable railroad property. It is reached by street cars of the Abbott-South Park or Jefferson-South Park lines and by the Buffalo & L. Erie line. The West Seneca stations on the Lake Shore and Pennsylvania railroads are on the east side of the city. The office of the mayor and some of the other city officers is on the Eidge rd. nea.r South Park av. Laclsawanna Steel Plant. — By far the largest ijianufacturing pla.nt in the Buffalo district is the works of the Lackawanna Steel Company, commonly called ''the Steel Plant." It occupies a tract of about 1,500 acres in the city of Lackawanna, ex- tending from . the southern city line of Buffalo along the lake shore for more than 3 miles, with an average width of over half a mile. In this plant there are blast furnaces, a Bessemer steel works, a foundry, standard rail mill, open hearth works, blooming, slabbing, plate, structural, sheet piling, light rail, merchant bar, sheet bar, and billet mills. Besides these various manufac- tories, there are two large villages on the tract ownd by the Steel Com- pany. A canal 4,000 feet long ex- tends into the tract, where large freight steamers discharge their car- goes of coal and ore and take on shipments of the products of the mills. Eailroad shipments to and from the steel plant are handled by the South Buffalo Eailway, which the Steel Company owns. This road has 57 miles of track and connects with 'H all trunk lines running into Buf- falo. There are also 10 miles of narrow gauge track and 32 narrow gauge locomotives operated within the works between the various mills. The power of the plant, both steam and electric, amounts to a grand total of 145,833 horsepower. The average number of men employd at this plant is 6,000. Clinton st^., one block east of Main, and overlooking Lafayette Square, one of the smaller city parks. Altho standing amid quiet surroundings, it is in the center of the commercial and shopping district and in close proximity to the theaters. It is ownd by the Lafayette Hotel Co., of which George W. Sweeny, the well- known New York hotel man, is presi- LAFAYETTE HOTEL In addition to this vast property, the Company owns extensive ore and coal mines in Pennsylvania, it has iron mines at Port Henry, N. Y., and holds large interests in iron ore prop- erties in the L. Superior district. Its general offices are in New York city, and it has district sales offices in 10 leading states and in Montreal and London. This company mines in a year about 2,000,000 tons or iron ore and 3,000,000 tons of coal, and its annual producing capacity of mer- chantable steel products is 1,254,000 gross tons. Lafayette Hotel. — This elegant houso is located at Washington and dent, and is managed by C. E. El- dridge. The spacious lobby, measuring 72 by 84 feet, is finisht in Numidian marble and mahogany, and the fur- niture of soft red leather harmonizes with the prevailing color of the room. The outer restaurant, fronting Wash- ington St., is an artistic blending of brown and green, relievd by decora- tions of gold. The tea room is a marvel of daintiness and good taste; the predominant tones used in its decoration are cafe au lait and willow green. The carriage entrance, from Washington st., leads to the women's reception rpom, which is cheerful. 95 spacious, well lighted and well veu tilated. All the other public rooms are in like manner decorated and furnisht with beauty and good taste, while the bedrooms are models of comrort and convenience. Lafayette Square is a small park occupying a block of the most valu- able land in the heart of Buffalo, measuring 200 by 160 feet. It is bounded by Broadway, Washington, Clinton and Main sts., and is over- lookt by some of the finest buildings in the city. It is laid out in grass plots separated by broad stone walks raidiating from a circle in the cen- ter, in which stands the Soldiers and Sailors Monument. On the grass plots stand S cannon, of the type used in the civil war. Benches are provided for those who wish to rest in the park. Lancaster is one of the towns o' Erie county, about 10 miles east of Buffalo. It is crost from east to wes^ by Ellicott and Cayuga creeks, also by the N. Y. Central, Erie, Lehigh Valley, Lackawanna and West Shore railroads, each having from one to four stations within the limits of the town. It is reached also by two trolley lines. It contains the incor- porated village of Lancaster and about half of Depew. It has good public schools, a high school, 6 churches, 2 newspapers, a bank, 4 fire companies, a fire alarm system, water and sewerage systems and electric light and power. Among its industries are the ex- tensive greenhouses of W. J. Palmer & Son, the factories of the American Malleables Co. and the Lancaster Machine and Knife Co., two glass factories, *twS brick yards, a tile and holTow-ware factory, a steam laun- dry, planing mill, bottling works, and 4 cigar factories. Lake Como, a fine body of water, lies within the town- ship. The population is about 4,800. Larkin Company. — This great mer- cantile establishment is one of the few that take the time and trouble to show visitors thru their work- rooms and warehoiises. The main business of the company is the man- ufacture and sale of household and oilet soapSj but to these articles have been added toilet and pharmacal preparations, pure food specialties, paints, notions, and sundries, until it is now selling over 300 products. Its plant is on both sides of Seneca st., at Van Rensselaer st. Take a Sen- eca st. car and tell the conductor to stop at Larkin 's visitors' entrance and he will do the rest. More than 0.000 persons from the United States and abroad visit this factory every year. This company has branches and showrooms in New York, Boston, Philadelphia,, Pittsburg, Cleveland, and Peoria. Both the in-coming and the out-going mail of the home office are enormous, and this one concern alone pays about one-fifteenth of the receipts of the Buffalo postoffice. The company issues a handsome folder, ''The Home of the Larkin Idea," describing the establishment, also its Product price-list and its Pre- mium list, which are given or maild to all interested. It also publishes monthly the Larkin Family Maga- zine. John D. Larkin, founder of the business, is president and treas- urer of the company, and Darwin D. Martin is secretary. La Salle. — A village on the New York side of the Niagara river, ad- joining Niagara Falls. Eeached by N. Y. Central railroad, fare 30c., also by Niagara Falls electric cars. Fare 30c., round trip 45c. At this place the trading vessel Le Griffon was built by French explor- ers, and the event has been com- memorated by placing a boulder with a memorial tablet upon it at abput 96 the location of the shipyard. It ' stands beside the road in which the electric cars run. The tablet bears the following inscription: ''Hereabout, in May, 1679, Eobert Cavelier De La Salle built the Grif- fon of sixty tons burthen, the first vessel to sail the Upper Lakes. "Erected by Niagara Frontier Historical Society and presented to Niagara Frontier Landmarks Associ- ation, May, 1902." The Griffon made one voyage to Mackinaw, but was lost on her re- turn. There was a U. S. shipyard at La Salle for a short time, establisht in 1804. The Lenox Hotel, on North st. at Delaware av., is situated in the most beautiful part of Buffalo. Its de- lightful location, standing as it does on the highest point in the city, and .surrounded by green grass and trees in . the summer, together with the high-class service for which the hotel has long been known, combine in making The Lenox a most desirable stopping place. It is accessible to all parts of the city; just far enough away from the dust and noise of the business sec- tion to make it pleasant, and still within easy reach of the shopping district and the theaters. A trip from The Lenox to the theaters is made thru Delaware av., the city's handsomest street. A view of the house appears on page 98. The Lenox changed hands on Jan- uary 1st, 1910, and the new proprie- tor, Mr. Frank E. "Wattles, has made extensive repairs thruout the build- ing, and has put the hotel in the best possible condition. Its manager, Mr. C. A. Miner, an experienced hotel man, promises its patrons the best in accommodations, cuisine and service. The Lenox is conducted on the European plan, with rates of $1.50 per day and upwards. The restau- rant prices are as reasonable as pos- sible consistent with the high-class service which the hotel affords. The Lenox has an established cli- entele, and is considered an ideal hotel for transients and visitors to Niagara Falls and for parties de- siring to stop over on their way to and from points along the Great Lakes, the Muskoka district of Canada and the St. Lawrence river. Patrons may reach The Lenox by taking Elmwood cars direct to North st. or public taxicabs will take you to the hotel quickly. A special rate may be obtaind by charging this ser- vice to the hotel. Lewiston is a village on the Niag- ara river at the. head of navigation below the Falls. Steamers from Toronto to Queenston stop also at Lewiston, and it may be reached from Buffalo by the N. Y. Central railroad, distance 29 miles, fare 60c., round trip $1.05, or by electric cars via Niagara Falls. In 1719 Chabert Joncaire built here ''the picketed house," to protect the lower end of the portage around the ISiagara Falls andEapids, establisht by the French. The New York legislature, in 1798, voted that a village should be located here, and the State do- nated the land for its broad streets its ample parks and its grounds for public buildings. Fifteen years later the village then growing up here was burnd by a British expedition from across the river. On the hights south of the village, called Lewiston Mountain, oceurd the Devil's Hole Massacre. On these hights also was Fort Grey, and further down is the hill on which stands the stately. man- sion erected in 1815 by Major Benja- min Barton and still occupied by the family of a descendant. Within the grounds is a boulder bearing a tablet with this inscription: 97 "■'SI iiJ THE LENOX HOTEL, North Street at Delaware Avenue 98 "On this spot, Geu. Winlield Scott, October 13th, 1812, stationed a bat- tery of United States Artillery at the opening of the Battle of Queens- ton, the first conflict on the Niagara Frontier in the War of 1812. "Erected June, 1903, and pre- sented to the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association by Kate Bar- ton Wheeler, a descendant of Major Benjamin Barton, U. S. A." In the churchyard of the old Pres- byterian church, begun in 1817, lie buried many soldiers of the War of 1812. Libraries. — Following is a list of the free public and society libraries in Buffalo, with a brief description of each. Those maintaind by col- leges, clubs, societies and other or- ganizations for t'he use of their own members are included if non-mem- bers are allowd to consult the books in the building. ADAM MICKIEWICZ, 612-614 Fillmore av. Contains over 2,500 books and periodicals in Polish and English; open Wednesday from 7 to 9 p. m.; Sunday from 2 to 4 p. m. BUFFALO 'catholic INSTI- TUTE, Main and Virginia sts.; organized October 1, 1866; 13,239 volumes; open week days from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., closing at 6.30 p. m. in July and August; Sunday, November to April, from 3 to 5.30 p. m. Yearly membership, $2; life membership, $30. Eeading and reference room free. BUFFALO HISTORICAL SOCI- ETY, Elmwood av., north of Forest av.* BUFFALO MEDICAL, University of Buffalo, High st., near Main. In- cludes the library of the Erie County Medical Society and that of the medical department of the Univer- sity; 8,000 volumes; open from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. daily, except Sunday. BUFFALO PUBLIC, Washington and Clinton sts.* BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NAT- URAL SCIENCES, Public Library l)uilding.* ERIE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCI- ETY. See BUFFALO MEDICAL. ERIE RAILAVAY ASSOCIATION, Erie Depot, 3d floor; 4,000 volumes; open week days from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. Yearly membership, $1. GROSVENOR, Franklin and Ed- ward sts.* GUARD OF HONOR, 602 AVash- ington st; about 1,000 volumes. HARUGARI, 260 Genesee st.; 18,500 volumes, all in German; open from 8 to 10 p. m., Sunday 8 to 10 a. m. also. LUTHERAN YOUNG MEN'S AS- SOCIATION, 665 Michigan st.; open Tuesday and Thursday from 8 to 10 p. m.; over 6,000 volumes. NORMAL SCHOOL, Jersey st. and Normal av.* , NORTH BUFFALO CATHOLIC INSTITUTE, 47 Amherst st.; about 4,000 volumes; open every evening. POLISH, Broadway and Playter St.; over 7,700 volumes in Polish, English, German and other lan- guages. ST. MICHAEL'S YOUNG MEN'S SODALITY, 500 Ellicott st. Con- tains over 1,800 volumes in English, German and French; open daily from 7.30 to 10.30 p. m. SUPREME COURT, room 23, City Hall. A public law library main- taind by the State for the 8th Judi- cial District; 20,000 volumes; open from 9 a. m. to 9.30 p. m., closing at 5 p. m. Saturday. UNIVERSITY OF BUFFALO LAW SCHOOL, rooms 935-37 Ellicott sq.; 4,000 volumes; open week 'See separate article. 91) (lays from 8 a. m. to 12 p. m.; for the use of the faculty and students of the law school oulv. WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION, 86 Delaware av.* YOUNG MEN'S CHEISTIAN AS- SOCIATION, 45 W. Mohawk st.* YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 19 W. Mohawk st.* Lily Dale is a villn.ge on the shores of the Cassadaga lakes, where a spiritualist summer camp is held. It is about 50 miles southM'est from Buffalo and is reached by railroad connecting- with the Lake Shore at Dunkirk. Live Stock. — This city is a large market for live stock, the traffic in which is carrid on at the stock yards in East Buffalo. The E;st Buf- falo Live Stock Association em- braces in its membership of 101 all the regular dealers in live stock at this market. It is a, commercial organization for the protection and benefit of its members and the fur- therance of live stock interests in various ways, such as the enforce- ment of proper business methods, regulation of charges, etc. The busi- ness handled by the members of this association during the year 1909 to- taled 34,800 car loads, which re- duced to numbers of head would be: cattle, 16.3,000 head; hogs, 2,016,000 head; sheep, 1,234,000 head; and calves 163,000 head. The handling of this business was productive of bank clearings of upwards of $100,000,000. The president is S. M. Boren and the secretary is C. F. Watkins. The headquarters of the trade is the Live Stock Exchange, a sub- stantial 3-story office building with a square tower, which stands at William and Depot sts., opposit the *See separate article. stock yards. It is ownd by a com- pany composed of dealers in live stock. A daily paper, the Live Stock Eecord, is publisht in the in- terest of the trade in this city. The principal stock yards in Buf- falo are ownd by the N. Y. Central railroad. They are on William st. in E. Buffalo, beside the railroad tracks, and cover some 80 acres. About 200 hands are employe! in driving and tending the animals. A large trade in horses is carrid on in Buffalo, and this also centers around the stock yards. Lockport. — This city is the county seat of Niagara county and is 25 miles northeast of Buffalo. It is reached by N. Y. Central E. E. or by electric cars, round trip fare 50c. Eunning time of the electric cars, one hour. The population in 1900 was 16,581. It has two commercial banks, a savings bank and 3 daily newspapers. The Niagara escarp- ment runs thru Lockport, so part of the city is on high ground and part about 60 feet lower. The Erie canal passes from the high level to the lower by means of a group of 10 locks in the center of the city about 5 minutes' walk from the sta- tion of the electric ears. This city is amply supplied with power, partly from the surplus water drawn from the upper level of the canal, and in part from electric plants at Niagara Falls. Consequently many important industries have located here. Among the goods manufactured are power pumps, engines, machinery for many purposes, indurated fiber products, flour, paper, glass, stoves, tackle- blocks, saws and aluminum. There is also a company that supplies steam heat from mains in the streets, using the exhaust steam of factories. Locksley Park is. a location, for suburban homes on the lake shore, 9 miles from the Buffalo city hall, 101 and near Athol Springs. It is on a bluff 35 feet above the level of L Erie. About 3 3 acres on the water front, having a sandy beach, is re- servd as a park for the residents on the rest of the property. Beached by the Lake Shore and Pennsylvania railroads to Athol Springs, also by electric cars, Lundy's Lane. — One of the battle fields of the War of 1812, at Niag- ara Falls, Ont. Eeached by street cars from the Niagara Falls, Vic- toria Park or Falls View station of the Michigan Central railroad. Leave the car at Lundy's Lane and walk up the lane about two minutes to a cemetery on the top of a hill. In this cemetery is a granit monument, which, with its base and mound, stands a.bout 30 feet high. It bears the following inscription: ' ' Erected by the Canadian Parlia- ment in honour of the victory gained by the British and Canadian forces on this field, on the 25th day of July, 1814, and in grateful remem- brance of. the brave men who died on that day fighting for the unity of the empire. 1895." Stone steps lead down to a small crypt under the monument, thru the grated doors of which three old cof fins may be seen. Nearby is a granit block a.bout 5 feet high with this inscription: ' ' In memory of Capt. Abraham F. Hull, 9 unknown soldiers 9th Regiment, United States Army, killed at the battle of Lundy's Lane, July 25th, 1814. Erected by the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Associ- ation, of Buffalo, N. Y., September, 1907." The storj of the battle is that Gen. Brown, the American comman- der, then at Chippewa, sent a force under Gen. Winfield Scott to attack the British at this place. The Ameri- cans drove their opponents from the field, capturing their commander, Gen. Eiall, and a battery placed on the hill. After nightfall the British made three attempts to retake the hights and three times they were repulst. After the fighting ceast, Gen. Brown, who was severely wounded, withdrew his force to Fort Erie, and the British reoccupied the hill the next morning without oppo- sition. The result has always been claimd as a victory by both sides. In this cemetery is also a, granit stone surmounted by a bronze bust to perpetuate the name of Laura Ingersoll Secord, who went on foot nearly 20 miles, in June, 1813, and warnd a small British force of an intended attack, thereby enabling the British to defeat the American expedition at Beaver Dams. The monument was erected June 22, 1901. The earliest grave in the cemetery has a special marker. It is that of John Burch, who died March 7, 1797. 102 M Manufacturers and Traders Na- tional Bank. — In the front rank of the financial institutions of Buffalo, and constantly advancing, is the bank familiarly known as the ''M. & T.,'' at Main and W. Swan sts. Founded in 1856 with a capital of $200,000, it has weatherd the finan- cial storms of half a century, that have carrid down many ventures of less inherent strength or less wisely directed. Its capital and surplus have now increast to $2,500,000 and its total resources are close to 20 millions. Occupying a large plot of ground that extends back to Pearl St., it is able to have both its main banking office and its safe deposit vault on the ground floor. The long row of tellers' and clerks' windows in the main office afford exceptional facilities for attending promptly to the wants of its many patrons. The Women 's Department is provided with all possible conveniences and resembles a luxurious private writing room. The safe deposit vault is separated from the main office by an iron grill of graceful design. The main wall of the vault is built of solid masonry, around which are placed heavy lay- ers of steel, forming an outer shell constructed of armor plate, scientific- ally temperd and tested against saw, drill and other devices. The doors are equipt with quad- ruple time locks and an electric burglar alarm. The boxes for the safe keeping of bonds, stocks, deeds, wills and other papers, or jewelry, range in size from 2 inches high, 5 inches wide and 23 inches deep to 2:7 inches square, and the rentals are from $5 to $150 yearly. Outside the vault are coupon rooms where secui- ities may be examind or committee meetings held. Beneath this vault is another for storing chests of 'sil- ver, heirlooms, books, manuscripts, pictures and other bulky valuables, and the Bank has a special wagon to call for and deliver such articles. The vault is open business days from 9 a. m. to 4 p. m., except Saturday, when it is closed at 1 p. m. Manufactures. — No other Ameri- can city has made such forward strides in manufacturing during re- cent years as Buffalo has during the past decade. The figures showing the extent of this advance from 1900 to 1905 are found in Bulletin No. 101 of the U. S. Census Bureau. During these five years, the industrial pro- gress of Buffalo brought it from 12th to 10th place among American in- dustrial centers, passing San Fran- cisco and St. Paul-Minneapolis. These centers include in each case some contiguous territory, in addi- tion to the city named, forming a dis- trict; thus Buffalo's extra territory comprises Tonawanda, Amherst, Cheektowaga, W. Seneca, Lacka- wanna, Hamburg and E. Hamburg. But with these additions, the popu- lation of this district was less than that of any other of the first 12. During the five years coverd by the bulletin, the increase in value of manufactured products in this dis- trict was 48.2 per cent. The total output for 1905 was worth $168,- 111,658, of which not quite one- eighth, or $20,733,785 worth, was made in the- territory outside of the city. In making up the total iron and steel leads with $16,946,746, of which foundry and machine shop products amounted to $13,024,515. Other important industries in order axe slaughter house products, $16,- 269,453; flour and grist mill pro- ducts, $9,889,016; cars, $8,814,057;* soap and candles, $4,792,915; cloth- ing, $4,739,727; lumber, $4,630,818; 103 bread, $4,492,465; priuting and pub- lishing, $4,257,807; chemicals, $3,- 254,309, and leather, $2,428,392. Buffalo's gain from 1900 to 1905 was $16,000,000 more tha.n that of Cincinnati, $17,000,000 more than that of Cleveland, and $29,000,000 in excess of that of Baltimore. If the same relative gain has been main- taind for the latter half of the decade, Buffalo has past Cleveland and Baltimore and is neck and neck with Cincinnati for 7th place. Another significant feature is the far greater diversification of indus- try in this city than in any other — a highly important fact in times of depression or labor conflicts in par- ticular lines. Of the 339 lines of manufacturing recognized by the census bureau, Buffalo is represented in 198, or more than 58 per cent. In Pittsburg-Allegheny iron and steel is the largest manufacture, and when that is seriously deprest, 60.9 per cent of the industry of the district is paralyzed, with the necessarily wide reaching results. In like manner, Cincinnati is dependent on brewing and distilling liquors to the extent of 58.7 per cent of its industries, Chicago on slaughtering and packing for 28 per cent, Cleveland on iron and steel for 25.1 per cent and Phil- adelphia on textiles for 18.9 per cent. In Buffalo when the leading industry, iron and steel, is deprest, only 10.8 per cent of the output of the dis- trict is affected thereby. For the five years under consider- ation, Buffalo led all other cities of the first 12 in increase of capital invested in manufacturing estab- lishments, with 79.3 per cent., also in the value of materials used, with 44.4 per cent, in the number of wage earners employd, with 29.9 per cent^ in the amount of wages paid, with 43.5 per cent, and in salaries paid, with 61.6 per cent. This record of progress can not fail to fill the heart of every citizen with pride at the gratifying state of affairs at present and the fasci- nating largeness of the prospect for the future. Markets. — The public markets were originally open plots of ground where butchers sold meat and farm- ers sold fruit and vegetables from their wagons. Later the city erected a long narrow brick building on each plot and rented stalls in it. Still later a row of wooden booths was added on each side of the central building and some space was still left open for wagon stands. There are four such markets in Buffalo, and the rent of the stalls is one of the city's sources of revenue. The care of the buildings and collection of rentals is the duty of the Super- intendent of Markets, who is ap- pointed by the Mayor and has an office at each market. The present superintendent is George W. Ryan. BROADWAY MARKET occupies a plot on Broadway running from Gibson st. to Lombard. Its brick building is about the same size as tha/ of the Washington Market, but •was built much later — in 1889. CLINTON MARKET is on Clinton st. between East and West Bennett sts. The brick building, erected in the same year as that of the Wash- ington Market, was of the same size, but about half of it was burnd in 1909. ELK STREET MARKET is the oldest of the present markets and extends for three blocks, from Scott to Elk St. between East and West Market sts. Both wholesale and retail trade are carrid on here. The brick market building is about 40 feet wide and 350 feet long, ex- tending from Scott to Perry st., and it was built in 1854. A frame 104 building for this marlcet was built in are issued from the mayor ^s office. 1849. Across the streets surround- He has power to suspend or remove ing this market most of the stores any officer (except as otherwise pro- are occupied by produce commission vided) for misconduct or neglect of merchants. " duty. If the mayor shall be unable WASHINGTON MARKET, some- to perform the duties of his office, times calld Chippewa Market, occu- in consequence of illness or tem- ples a plot running from Chippewa porary absence from the city, he St. northward 500 feet and from may designate an alderman or eoun- Washington st. to Ellicott. Being eilman to act in his place. He is convenient to the chief residence ex-officio a member of the Health, sections, this is the principal retail Paxk and Police boards, market of the citv, and more busi- The mayor's office is on the 2nd ness is done here than at any of floor of the city hall. On its walls the others. The brick building, are hung about 30 portraits of for- erected in 1857, measures about 40 ^ner mayors of the city. . by 400 feet. Most of the stalls in Mayville.— This is the county seat this building are leased to butchers, ^f Chautauqua county, and is situ- while vegetables, fruit, fish, eggs and ated at the head of Chautauqua dairy products are sold from the j^ke, 65 miles southwest of Buffalo, wooden booths and stands outside. q^ the Pennsvlvania railroad. Fare All the main market buildings are $153^ j-ound trip $3.15. Reached also open from 4.30 a. m. to 2.30 p. m., f^^^ Westfield or Jamestown bv the except from Nov. 1 to April 20, when Jamestown railroad. Here ' the they open at 5.30. On Saturday they steamer can be taken for a zig-zag remain open till 10.30 p. m. Satur- ^^.^p ^^^^ whole length of the lake, day is the busiest day on the mar- stopping at the many beautiful points kets. on either side. Mayor. — The chief executive of- ,, « • mi ±j.c^jfxj .. . , ^,„, ,_ ., ^ Messenger Service. — The messen- ficer of the city is elected by the j? , ? , , i n -, n , "^ £ A r, TT-c, S'ers of the two telegraf companies people for a term of 4 years. His ^ , ^ -, 1. ^ i ^i. ^ ,f . . "V^ ^^,.„^ mav be employd to carrv letters duties are, m general, to enforce ; n i + -^ j. ^ 4.1, the laws Within the city and see ^P,^ ^^^^^^ P^^^^^^ to any part of the that the duties of other city officers ']^^: ^hey may be summond by are faithfullv performd. All ordi- fi^^i^^ one of the call boxes placed nances and resolutions of the com- f, ^^^^^ ^^'^'^^^ ^^^l ^?l'^^^ ^' by •1 . -.^ ^„„^+^^ +^ telerone. The Electric Message and mon council must be presented to ^ ,. ^ , t 1 ^ i the mayor and do not take effect un- Delivery Co^ also supplies boys, who less he approves them or fails to "^^^ ^^ ^^"^ ^5^ telefone. return them disapproved within 10 Methodist Episcopal Church-es. — days. Ordinances disapproved by The Methodists have a larger num- him may be re-enacted by the coun- ber of churches in Buffalo than anv cilmen and aldermen, each by a two- other protestant denomination. A thirds vote (or by a three-fourths list is given below. All the churelios vote in case a two-thirds vote was in this list except the African and necessary in the first instance), and the two German churches, are mem- shall then take effect without the bers of the Genesee Conference, mayor's approval. The mayor ap- which is divided into five districts. points a secretary and a license clerk. Business matters relating to the Buf- Licenses not otherwise provided for falo district, which covers Erie and 105 Niagara counties, are attended to by the Superintendent, Rev. J. L. 8ooy, D. D., 26(i Lexington av. Buf- falo is also the residence of one of the bishops of the M E., church, the Kight Kev. Joseph F. Berry, D. D. The Richmond Avenue church, now 25 3^ears old, has had a remarkably rapid growth and is the largest con gregation of all the protestant churches in this city. It has a grand and beautiful edifice, at Richmond av. and W. Ferry st., with a seating- capacity of 1,200. ASBURY, Pearl and Chippewa sts. CENTRAL PARK, Beard and Wesley sts. DEL7v\VARE AVE., 349 Delaware av. FIRST AFRICAN, Vine St., near Oak. FIRST GERMAN, 170 Mortimer st. GRACE, Michigan st., near N. Divi- sion. HyMBOLDT PARKWAY, Humboldt pky., near Kensington a v. .KENSINGTON, 23 Shawnee st. LINWOOD AVE., 24 AV. Utica st. LOVEJOY STREET, Lovejoy st., near Bailev av. NORMAL PAhK, 201 Hampshire st. NORTHAMPTON STREET, 102 Northampton st. ONTAFIO STREET, Tonawanda and Ontario sts. PLYMOUTH, Jersey st. and Ply- mouth av. RICHMOND AVENUE, Richmond av. and W. Perry st. RIPLEY MEMORIAL, 125 Farmer St. RIVERSIDE, Bird and West avs. ST. MARK'S, Elk st.. near Hamburg. SAN PAOLO (Italian), Front av. and Wilkeson st. SECOND GERMAN, 233 East st. SENECA STREET, Seneca and Im- son sts. SENTINEL, Howard and Monroe sts. SOUTH PARK, Pixie V st. SUMNER PLACE, Sumner pi., near Walden a v. WOODSIDE, Abbott rd., near Caze- novia st. Miller's Silk Shop. — Occupying the most prominent corner on the 2d floor of the Brisbane bidg., with its broad windows overlooking Main st. and Lafayette sq., is the daylight sales- room of Miller's Silk Shop. The proprietor is Mr. C. W. Miller, whose 29 years with the Adam, Meldrum & Anderson Co., where he was buyer and manaper of silks and velvets, made for him many lasting custom- ers, who are now his loyal patrons The lines of goods dealt in at this shop comprise silks — both dress ma- terials and linings — also laces, linens and cottons. In addition to the piece goods, a fine selection of beautiful imported robes, of Parisian design and workmanship, may be found here. It is the shop that caters to women who know materials, the shop that shows, styles not shown in every store in the city; the easy shop to reach — orly one flight up bv stairs or elevator. Be- ing the best natural daylighted store in Buffalo, customers can matcli silks perfectly here. Mail orders are also fild with care and promptness. All materials shown have real merit and no inferior or shop-worn goods are ever offerd to patrons. The steadfast policy of this store is — Better qualities than you can find elsewhere at the price. Monuments. — Buffalo 's memorial to the defenders of their country in the Civil War is the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, which stands in Lafayette sq., in the heart of the city. It was uhveild July 4, 1884. It consists of a cylindrical shaft of granit surmounted by a female fig- ure typifying the city and rising to a total hight of 85 feet. Encircling 106 LAFAYETTE SQUARE AND THE BRISBANE BUILDING MILLER'S SILK SHOP, 9 Brisbane Building the coium are bronze bas-reliefs de- picting historic scenes of the war. Upon buttresses projecting from the base stand four bronze figures rep- resenting the infantry, cavalry, ar- tillery and navy. The total cost was $50,000 and the money was raisd by the ladies of Buffalo. The McKinley Monument, stand- ing in the center of Ni-iigara Square, towers 93 feet above the pavement. It was erected by the State of New York in honor of President William McKinley, who was shot at the, Pan- American Exposition in Buffalo on Sept. 6, 1901. The shaft is built of carefully selected Vermont marble and its grand simplicity typifies the character of the beloved President in whose memory it was raisd. Four lions, ehiseld out of Italian marble, and weighing 15 tons each, guard its approaches. The shaft is 7 feet square at the base and tapers sym- metrically to the top. Flanking the base are pools of crystal water, which sparkles unceasingly from graceful fountains. Altogether the splendid pile cost $105,000. The sites was provided and adornd by the citv, and the monument was un- vei'ld Sept. 5, 1907. On the four faces at the base of the shaft it bears the following inscriptions: EAST "face. ^'This shaft was erected by the State of New York to honor the memory of William McKinley, Twenty-fifth President of the United States of America." SOUTH FACE. '' William McKinley was born a.t Niles, Ohio, January 29, 1843; was enlisted in 23d Ohio Volunteers June 11, 1861, as private, mustered out July 26, 1865, as major by brevet for gallantry under fire." WEST FACE. ' ' William McKinley was elected to Congress as a Representative from Ohio in 1876, 'SO, '82, '84, -86, '88, was elected Governor of Ohio in 1891 and 1893, and President of the United States in 1896 and 1900." NORTH FACE. ' ' William McKinley died in Buf- falo, September 14, 1901, victim of a treacherous assassin, who shot the President as he was extending to him the hand of courtesy." The Verdi Monument, at Niagara and Mohawk sts., consists of a bronze bust, 5 feet in hight, the work of Antonio P^go, of Palermo, standing on a granit base 11 feet high. The base was designed by Henry Schmitt and executed by A. De Cianno, both of Buffalo. This memorial to the celebrated composer was presented to the city by the Italian residents end was unveild Sept. 2, 1907. In the article on Forest Lawn the public monuments within that en- closure are described — those to the Volunteer Firemen, the Grand Army men to Red Jacket and the Farmers' Brother monument. MOEE'S Fashionable "Hattari'? and Furrierie," established in 1857, is as well known in the State of New York as are the Falls of Niagara. On entering the store at 327 Main st. you will find the Men's Hat De- partment, which is full of the newest hats for gentlemen produced in the United States, England, Italy and France — notably the ' 'Miller," ''Stetson," English "Christy" and "Heath," Italian "Borsalino," etc. This is the original store. You walk through and you come to the new and additional three AN'ash- ington st. stores, which thrown to- gether into one make unquestiona^'»lv the very finest Fur and Ladies' Hat Show Room in Western New York, or anywhere else. Down a few broad and easy steps you find,, on the left, the most elegant, comfortnble and 108 o m p o X > Z D O m CO X o o o Da best stocked — with the extremest novelties of each season — Ladies' Hatterie in existence — the leading feature of which, under expert man- agement, is to have ready always ' ' The Eight Hat for Any Function. ' ' In the center of the spacious room is the handsomest Fashionable Fur- rierie conceivable, extensively stock- ed with rich an I fascinating furs mil do up of The finest know.i skins and in accordance with Dame Fash- ion's very newest demands from sea- son to season — whether in Coats or Sets of neck and hand furs for wo- men, or in Fur-lined coats for men. On the right is found the depart ment for Auto Fur=5, which includes everything in fur for the protection and comfort of both owner and chauf- feur. Here also is a real conven- ience for such — a special entrance on Washington st., at which auto cars can await the convenience of owners, which is something they are not al- lowed to do on Main st. Amongst various naturally mount- ed animals, beautiful tapestry and other decorations on the high walls will be noticed an original sign which reads, '^We Sold Hats and Furs to Your Mothers and Fathers — Why Not to You?" And echo answers: Why Not! D. S. Morgan Building. — One of the most prominent and up-to-date office buildings in Buffalo is located at Pearl and Niagara sts., in the heart of the business and financial section. Handsome and stately in architectural design, the T>. S. Mor- gan Building is an ornament to the city. It is 12 stories in hight and is finisht in marble and hard wood, being absolutely fire-proof in con- struction. Every room has large and well placed windows, with out- looks over Shelton sq., Niagara sq. or L. Erie from the different sides of the building. The lighting and heating of the building is done by its own special plant and is of the best. Owing to its favorable loca- tion and plan, every office is within a few steps of the elevators. These are of the plunger type, which is the safest made, and close to them is a U. S. mail chute. A fine Turkish Bath establishment, under the spe- cial supervision of the owners of the building, is located in the base- ment. From the roof rises an obser- vatory Tower to a hight of 235 feet from the street, from which can be had a fine view of the city and sur- rounding country. Municipal Building. — The City Court Building formerly bore this name, but the present Municipal Building is a plain 3-story brick structure at Franklin and Church sts., south of the City Hall. On the first floor are the offices of the Bureau of Building and the Water Bureau; the second floor is occupied by the Department of Public Instruction, the Health Department and the Bureau of Engineering; the Health Department has part of the 3d floor, and here also are rooms for the Inspection of Steam Boilers and the School Census Board. In the base- ment are additional rooms used by the departments already named. There is a large brick vault for the safe keeping of plans and papers on each floor. Museums. — Buffalo has a most in- structive museum of natural history provided by the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences and a valuable his- torical museum belonging to the Buffalo Historical Society. See the articles on these two societies, also the one on Niagara Falls, N. Y., for the museum in that city. Music. — Buffalo is decidedly a musical city. There are several strong musical societies here, tho 110 D. S. MORGAN BUILDING, Pearl and Niagara Streets 111 names of which are given below, and high-class musicians and organiza- tions from other places give man}' successful concerts here. The city uses public money, with the full ap proval of its citizens, to provid(3 organ recitals and vocal and instru- mental concerts in Convention HalJ on Sunday afternoons in winter, also band concerts in the parks in sum- mer. The number of teachers of music is large and the demand for their instruction is another indica- tion of the taste of the people. MUSICAL SOCIETIES BUFFALO OEPHEUS, Sidway bldg. BUFFALO SAENGERBUND, Con- cert Hall. CLEF CLUB, director's address, 212 Highland a v. GUIDO CHORUS, director's address, 871 Delaware av, HARUGARI FROHSINN, 431 Gen- MONIUSZKO SINGING SOCIETY AND CLUB, 578 Fillmore av. TEUTONIA LIEDERKRANZ, 1,043 Jefferson st. Mutual Life Building.— Among Buffalo's large office structures is the Mutual Life Building, situated at 202-218 Pearl st., in the heart of the city's business district. The principal hotels and banking houses are within a small radius of the building. Dignified and admirably located, it stands as one of the great architectural monuments that mark the business sections of Buffalo. The Mutual Life Building is of the modern steel construction, >,vith concrete floors, stone and terra cotta front. The woodwork of the build- ing is of the finest mahogany and quarterd oak, and finisht in the natural wood. The building is 10 stories high and has 220 large, well lighted and well ventilated offices. It is of superior fire-proof construction thruout. Many of the offices com- mand a beautiful view of the lake, harbor and surrounding city. The basement and ground floor are built for stores, while the upper floors are arranged especially for large, light^ commodious offices. The building was first opend in May, 1897, and has since been the home of many of Buffalo's leading lawyers and business firms. The present owner of the Mutual Life Building is the Carroll & Bald- win Realty Company of New York city, composed of Joseph T. Carroll, an extensive horse dealer, who is president, and Leonard and Arthur Baldwin, well-known New York cor- poration l-iwyers. The manager is James A. Magoffin. ^ 112 ' ~^'*^J£'*^"'^v5=^-^ 'Hrrri - -' urrrrrrrrrrrr-ii r n^^ I frrrtr rr llllirrrrrrrfF rr rr rinff MUTUAL LIFE BUILDING. 202-218 Pearl Street 118 N 6 tables and a lecture room seating 438. In the basement there is a 100 yard rifle range, 3 pistol ranges and National Guard.— The 4th Brigade, a swimming pool, 28 by 60 feet. Brig. aen. Lauren W. Pettebone, Army wagons can be driven into commanding, of the National Guard the basement and loaded with equip- of the State of New York has its age and baggage inside the building, headquarters in Buffalo, at 451 Main The armory is lighted with electdc- st. There are two regiments main- ity and heated by the vacuum sys- taind in this city— the 65th and tem. Protection against fire is af- the 74th. The 3rd Eegt., with head- forded by 40 standpipes, each carry- quarters at Eochester, and the two ing 100 feet of hose. The colonel of Buffalo regiments make up the 4th the 65th Eegiment is Gen. Samuel Brigade. M!. Welch, the lieut-colonel is George The 65th Eegiment was organized -J- Haffa and the regimental adjutant in 1848. It has performd service is Capt. Walter F. Nurzey. within the State during several large The 74th Eegiment was organized riots and enter d the service of the in 1854, its nucleus being the famous United States in both the Civil War Company D of the Buffalo City and the Spanish-American War. It Guard, forriid in 1837, Members of was constituted a 12-company regi- the 74th have taken part, as a. regi- ment in 1907, but has at present 9 ment or otherwise, in two national companies, including company E, of wars and have been calld into ser- Jamestown. vice to preserve order eight times The regiment has a fine armory, by the State or the County. Thru occupying a commanding position all its history, the regiment has ever at Best and Michigan sts., which been true to its motto. Semper was dedicated May 1, 1909. The fidelis — Always faithful, site contains over 10 acres and is on From 1859 this regiment occupied one of the highest elevations in the with the 65th Eegt. an arsenal on city. The size of the building is Batavia st., now Broadway. It firs't 361 by 500 feet. It is built of white had a separate home in 1868 when Medina sandstone and its architec- an armory for it was completed, on ture is Norman of the 11th century, Fremont pi. (now Elmwood av.) modernized. The drill-hall measures near Virginia st. In January, 1886, 240 by 336 feet and is flankt by 12 it took possession of its third arm- company locker rooms — 6 on the ory, erected on the Virginia st. end north and 6 on the south side, of the Elmwood av. plot, and now These are 31 by 42 feet, which is known as Convention Hall. Its large enough to allow the formation present armory, which it has occu- of a company inside the room. On pied since 1900, is a massive struc- the second floor, over each locker ture of Medina sandstone, occupying room, are the company parlors and the block bounded by Niagara st., officers' quarters, and in the base- Prospect av., Vermont and Connecti- ment under it is a storeroom, the cut sts., the site of the old Prospect three tiers of rooms being connected Hill reservoir. Its architecture is by independent stairways. In other that of the castellated fortresses of parts of the building are a mess-hall the middle ages, and it cost about seating 500, squad drill-room, gym- half a million dollars. The big drill nasium, library, a billiard room with shed measures 310 by 240 feet. Its 114 X m o m z > O -< li5 roof; supported -by steel trusses, is nearly 100 feet from the ground. At the Connecticut st. end is the ad- ministration building, about 250 by 230 feet, and 3 stories high. On the first floor are the company rooms, each 21 by 45 feet, the armorer's room, etc. On the second floor, the field and staff of the regiment have handsome quarters and there is a large billiard room. On the third floor are the quarters of the band and field music, the surgeons and hospital corps, also the gymnasium and baths. In 'the basement is a 100-yard rifle range, a kitchen, mess rooms, heating, lighting and ventilat- ing plants, bowling alleys and shower baths. The 74th is a 12-company regi- ment and has the full numlaer, in- cluding Co. K, of Tonawanda. Its colonel is George C. Fox; lieut-col- onel, Edmund P. Cottle and regi- mental adjutant Capt. Alex. E. Robertson. Naval Militia. — The 3rd Separate Division of the Naval Militia of the State of New York is located in Buffalo. Its headquarters are in the 74th Regiment armory and it has the U. S. steamer Hawk for practice drills and cruising purposes. The Division has a strength of 80 enlist- ed men. The commander is Lieut. Edwin C. Sornberger. Newspapers. — The first newspaper publisht in this city was the Buffalo Gazette, establisht by S. H. and H. A. Salisbury in 1811. There are now 5 daily papers printed in the Eng- lish language and several in other languages. The list follows: BUFFALO COMMERCIAL AB- VERTISER, 339 Washington st. Est. 1835. James Warren's Sons Co., publisher. Republican; evening, 2c. Makes a specialty of trade and piarjvet reports. BUFFALO COURIER, 250 Main st. Est. July 21, 1834, as the Western Star. William J. Conners, publisher. Democratic; morning. Ic, Sunday, 5c. BUFFALO EVENING NEWS, 216- 18 Main st. Est. 1879. Edward H. Butler, proprietor. Republican; evening, Ic, Sunday, 5c. BUFFALO EXPRESS, 177-185 Washington st. Est. 1846. The J. N. Matthews Co., proprietor. Re- publican; morning, Ic, Sunday, 5c. BUFFALO TIMES, 193-95 Main St. Est. 1879. Norman E. Mack, picprietor. Democratic; evening, Ic. Sunday, 5c. THE ENQUIRER. Est. 1891. Democr-atic; evening, Ic. The Enquirer is issued from the same office as the Courier and is ownd by the same publisher. der' buffalo DEMOKRAT, 250 Main st. Est. 1837. F. C. B. Held, proprietor. Democratic; even- ing, 2c., Sunday, 2c., weekly, $1.50 a vear. DER BUFFALO VOLKSFREUND, 48 Broadway. Est. 1868. Buffalo Volksfreund Printing Co., publishers. Independent democratic; evening, 2c., weekly (Wednesday) 5c. DIE BUFFALO FREIE PRESSE, 352 Ellicott St. Est. 1855. Reinecke & Zesch, publishers. Republican; evening, 2c., weekly, $2.00 a year; Sunday, DIE BUFFALO TRIBUE- NE, $2 a year. GAZETA BUFFALOSKA, 865 Fill- more av. Joseph Smolczynski, pub- lisher. Weekly (Thursday). IL CORRIJERE ITALIANO, 15 Franklin st. Est. 1898. II Corriere Italiano Publishing Co., publisher. Weeklv (Saturdav) Ic. POLAK AMERYKANSKI. '559 Fillmore av. Polish Publishing Co., publisher. Democratic; evening, Ic. POLAK W. AMERYCE, 389 Peck- ham st. Rev. John Pitass, publisher. Republican; evening, Ic, Jifi H X O 117 Niagara, Ont., also calld Niagara- town, on the lake shore, is old Fort On-the-Lake, and formerly Newark, Missasauga. also dating fiom the is a town at the mouth of the Nia- War of 1812. It has been long dis- gara river on L. Ontario. Reached used and now nothing more deadly from Buffalo, by Michigan Central than a golf ball ever liies over its railroad, fare, 85c., round trip, $1.25. ramparts. In the large military re- Trains stop at Queen st., which is serve surrounding the fort are the ^iie principal street of the place, and buildings calld Butler 's Barracks. At also go about half a mile further to the west corner of the town stands the steamboat wharf. Reached also St. Andrew's Church, built in 1831. in summer from Lewiston and The first building of the society was Queenston daily by frequent steam- erected in 1794. Niagara has a fine ers; round trip fare, 25c. This is a public library, with over 6,000 vol- favorit summer resort for people of umes. The Niagara Historical So- means in Buffalo, Toronto and other ciety was formd in 1895 and has pub cities, who have cottages here or lisht 18 pamflets, placed 8 ■ markers live at the hotels. From the steam- on h'storic spots, collected over 4,000 boat wharf it is only a few minutes' articles of historic interest and erect- walk to the old earthwork, Fort ed a building at a cost of over George, taking the first street back $5,000. The articles in its collection from the river. This was an im- consist of weapons, uniforms, old portan-t British frontier post in the furniture and china, documents, pic- War of 1812. It was captured early tures, Indian relics, etc. in the war by the Americans, but Visitors desiring the best of hotel they soon withdrew to the other side accomodations can obtain them in of the river. Near the river's bank summer at the Queen's Royal, which is a stone marker, placed by the stands on a bluff at the mouth of the Niagara Historical Society, on the river. It has 250 rooms and the site of Navy Hall, in which a parlia- rates are $3 a day and upwards, ment was held in 1792, the first one The grounds are extensive and facili- held in Upper Canada. One of a ties for golf, tennis, bowling on the group of four buildings to which this green, dancing, boating, fishing and name was given is still standing, but bathing are provided. There is also in ruins. The ground inside Fort a well appointed garage. George is occAipied as a farm. _ j^. ^ ^^^ ^^^ ,^ Returning to the town, the visitor ^^^^ Genesee County, March 11, nT^\ rnk7'^'^f \nA 1808, and Buffalo was made its Church, (Catholic) a frarne building ^^^^ ^^^^_ ^^ ^^^ ^.^.^^^ .^^.^ ^^^ dating from 1834. A little further ^^^^^^ Niagara and Erie counties, beyond is the square-towerd stone ^ ^^^f ^^^ Lockport then be- st. Mark's Church, built m 1804. J^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ Niagara county. In the churchyard may be seen the ° remains of rifle-pits, and here also Niagara Falls. — The Falls of the are the graves of several British Niagara river are the greatest nat- ofiicers who were kild in the War of ural wonder on the American eon- 1812. On or near Queen st. are the tinent and over a million persons building on the site of the first visit them every year. It is not so Masonic hall in Canada and the much the hight of the Falls that county court house, both markt by amazes the beholder, as the size of tablets. At the northern end of the the river that here plunges down the 118 "0 > z o > > o z > PO > r 119 slieer descent and the volume of water it pours into the gulf below. Full, varied and satisfying views of the vast cataract may be had from the two public parks, one on the American side establisht by the State of New York and the other on the opposit side establislit by the government of Canada, without a cent of exxpense and without any annoyance from solicitors for other attractions. In fact, the only close views of the Falls are from these parks, and all that visitors have to decide is what mode of conveyance to use in getting about the parks from point to point, and which if any additional attractions to enjoy. The writer advises all who have a full day's time or longer to spend here to go around the Gorge and view its wonders in addition to see- ing the Falls themselves. If you come from a distance with baggage, you will want to be taken to a hotel, and after making yourself comfortable, start out and see the Falls and the Gorge. A rain coat and a cap are good things to have with you, for on breezy days mist and spray are blown over some of the choicest view-points. You can not do better, if arriving on the Ameri- can side, than buy tickets at $1.50 each from the agent of the Niagara Transfer Co., who will pass thru your train. These entitle you to be taken in a carriage to your hotel with your hand luggage, also to have another carriage call, at your convenience, and take you thru the State Eeserva- tion, stopping at least 10 minutes at each view point, and return to tbe station of the Niagara Belt Line, also to the trip by electric cars around the Gorge. If the carriage ride is .taken in the morning, it is best to fill in the rest of the fore- noon with other attractions, then get lunch and start around the Gorge with a half day before you. Vigor- ous walkers, who wish to be entirely untrammeld, can go thru the Reser- vation on foot. But you will be on your feet a good deal anyway, and it is better to save your strength in the forenoon than get too tired to enjoy anything before the day is over. If staying in Buffalo, you can go to the Falls by electric cars, which run every 15 minutes. (See Street Railways). These cars land you in a terminal station which runs thru the block. Pass forward and out of the front of the building, cross the street and you are in the Reserva- tion. Niagara Falls can be reached from Buffalo also by N. Y. Central or Lehigh Valley railroad, which run into the same station, 4 blocks from the Reservation, round trip fare 50c., or by Erie railroad, which has a sta- tion 6 blocks from the Reservation. You can engage a carriage in the street, or go straight across the Res- ervation to the carriage office there and take a Reservation carriage for its regular trip. THE NEW YORK STATE RES- ERVATION covers 107. acres extend- ing along the river bank above and below the Falls. It includes the former Prospect Park at the brink of the Falls, Goat Hand and the small ilands surrounding it, and a strip running up the river past the Upper Rapids. A folder containing a map of the Reservation and infor- mation about carriage rates and points of interest both within and without its limits may be had free from the superintendent or his offi- cers. The carriage office is reached by a path crossing the grove from the Sold|ers ' Monument. Here is the ELEi^XTOR that has taken the place of the inclined railway to the foot of the Falls. There is a charge of 5c. each way for riding down and 120 THE AMERICAN FALL 121 up in the elevator, but the stairs be- side it are free. PEOSPECT POINT, close by the carriage office, is at the very brink of the American Fall, which is the part of the Falls between Goat Hand and the American shore. The Ameri- can Fall is 167 feet high and 1,060 feet across. A fine view of this great sheet of water can be had from the Point. EESERVATION CAEKIAGES can be taken from the carriage office near Prospect Point for their regular circuit of the ilands, distance about two miles, fare 15c., or the circuit of the entire Eeservation, distance 3 miles, fare 25c. Passengers can stop over at all points of interest and proceed by a later carriage. GEEEN ILAND, formerly Bath Hand, lies between the main land and Goat Hand, with which it is connected by bridges. Its present name was given to it in honor of Andrew H. Green, first president of the commission in charge of the Ees- ervation. GOAT ILAND is near the middle of the river and divides the Falls into the Horseshoe Fall, between the iland and Canada^ and the American Fall, between the iland and the American shore. From the bridge by which the iland is reached, drive- ways cross it in several directions, and another encircles it. There is a shelter house near the bridge, af- fording visitors a place to rest, drinking water and toilet rooms without charge. There are similar buildings in other parts of the Ees- ervation. Proceeding to the right, on the driveway around the iland, we come to STEDMAN'S BLUFF, at the brink of the American Fall, opposit Prospect Point on the main land. From the bluff a stairway and bridge lead to LUNA iLAND, which di- vides the American Fall, the narrow sheet of water between this iland and the Bluff being known as Luna Hand Fall. The BIDDLE STAIECASE is reached from the Bluff by following the driveway along the top of the cliff between the two great Falls. It is. a spiral stairway, built in 1829, and descends 80 feet to the slope at the foot of the cliff. THE CAYE OF THE WINDS is behind the Luna Iland Fall, and is reached by a path from the foot of the Biddle stairs. The charge for a guide and rubber suit is $1.00 for each person. Visitors pass over the bridges in front of the Fall and then enter the cavern behind it, which is 150 feet wide and 50 feet deep. The domed roof is 100 feet above the floor and its front is the great cataract. In front of the Pall, when the sun is shining brightly, two or three rainbows can be seen in the banks of mist dasht up by the de- scending waters, and in one position a complete rainbow circle. The entire trip can be made in 40 minutes by those who can dress and undress quickly. The EOCK OF AGES is a huge boulder lying at the foot of the Luna Iland Fall, POETEE'S BLUFF is a part of Goat Iland overlooking the Horse- shoe Fall. It was so named by the Commissioners of the Eeservation, in honor of the family, prominent for a century in military, mercantile and public affairs on the Niagara Fron- tier, which ownd Goat Iland for three score and ten years and pre- served it intact and free from money- making defacements. TEEEAPIN EOCK is on the very brink of the Horseshoe Fall and is reached from Porter's Bluff by a stairway and bridge. A tower stood on this 'rock from 1833 to 1873. 122 NIAGARA FALLS IN WINTER 123 THE THREE SISTER ILANDS are near the upper end of Goat Hand, where the breakers above the Horseshoe Fall begin. They are con- nected with each other and with the larger iland by bridges. A smaller ilet . near them is named Little Brother Iland. THE RIVERWAY is a driveway extending thru a strip of the Res- ervation lying along the bank of the river, from the Goat Iland bridge up past the rapids something over half a mile, to the Old French Land- ing. This landing place was at first the upper end of the portage around the Falls and Rapids, estab- lisht by the French in colonial times. HENNEPIN'S VIEW is a point on the edge of the bluff, in the Res- ervation Grove, about midway be- tween the American Fall and the Upper Bridge. It affords the best general view of the Falls to be had from any point in the Reservation. For the points of interest on_the Canadian side of the Falls, see Nia- gara Gorge. The Falls in winter are a stranger if less impressive sight than in sum- mer. The Ice Bridge that forms in "the latter part of nearly every winter is a sheet of ice covering the sur- face of the river below the Falls, upon which persons may walk or drive from shore to shore, or to the foot of Goat Iland. The foot of the Falls is partly hidden by the jagged masses of ice piled upon the ice bridge, all the rocks nearby are con- verted into ice coverd mounds and immense curtains of frost and crystal drape the face of the cliffs on either side of the somewhat diminisht cat- aracts. Ice jams in the Gorge below have at times done much damage to the wharves and buildings on its shores, when they began to move, and such jams in the river above have once or twice causd the Ameri- can Fall to run dry and the Horse shoe Fall to be much reduced. Niagara Falls, N. Y. — Visitors who come to see ''the Falls" do not realize that there are two thriving cities here, one on the American and the other on the Canadian side of the river, each having an import- ance of its own and having also places of interest not connected with the great cataract. The city on. the American s'de was incorporated in 1892, and comprises the two former villages of Niagara Falls and Sus pension Bridge. In 1905 it had a population of 26,559, but the visHors who throng its streets and railway stations, .its hotels and places of in- terest, give it the life and bustle of a city twice its size. It has a land area of 5,900 acres. The Niagara river makes a sharp bend just at the Falls, and the chief business section of the city is in this bend. A large triangle in the point of the bend is included in the State Reservation, and this is separated from the business blocks on the east by the Riverway, which here runs north and south a short distance (formerly Canal st.). The next street east is Prospect st., which is short, and east of that is Main st., which runs north and south 4 or 5 blocks, then follows the turns of the river to the northern city line. East of Main, the streets are numberd from 1st up to 36th. The chief cross streets are Niagara st., which runs by the north end of the Riverway to the first bridge below the Falls, and Falls st., which runs from 3d st. to the Riverway. Buffalo av. be- gins at the south end of Main st. and runs paralel with the river until it crosses the eastern city line. The chief features of the city outside of the Falls are as follows: BANKS. These are the Bank of Niagara, 201 Falls st.; Power City 124 Bank, 205 Falls st.; Bank of Sus- pension Bridge, Main st. near On- tario av.; Niagara County Savings Bank, 304 Niagara st.; and tlie Niag- ara Falls Trust Co., 45 Falls st. BEIDGES. The first bridge cros- sing the Niagara river below the Falls is the Upper Steel Arch bridge, erected in 1895 to replace a suspen- sion bridge built in 1869. It has a carriage-way and side-walks and elec- tric cars run across it. Toll over and back 10c. , whether on foot or on the cars. It is 1,268 feet long, is 190 feet above the M^ater and affords a fine view of the Falls. About a mile below the Upper Steel Arch bridge is the Cantilever bridge, completed in 1883. This is a railroad bridge only and is crost by the Michigan Central railroad. Close below the Cantilever bridge is the Lower Steel Arch bridge, built in 1897 to replace the famous' orig- inal Niagara Suspension Bridge, con- structed by John A. Eoebling, and opend for traffic in 1855. The present bridge is used by the Grand Trunk railroad. CAEETAGES. Every driver of a public carriage or automobile must have a license and must have a card inside h^s carriage giving his number and the legal rates of fare. For carrying one passenger, trunk and handbag a distance not exceeding one mile within the city limits, the rate is 50c. By the hour the rates are, one horse carriage, $1.50 the first hour, $1 each additional hour; two horse carriage, $2 the first hour, $1.50 each additional hour; automo- bile, $3 each hour. For a trip which includes crossing to the Canadian side of the river a special agreement should be made, which should specify return to the starting point or' to the visitor 's hotel or railroad station, and also who pays the bridge tolls. CHIMNEY, OLD STONE. This relic of the past stands on the bank of the river, opposit the end of Port- age Eoad, about a mile above the Falls. The old portage around the Falls and Eapids latterly ended at this point, and Fort Little Niagara was built to protect the merchandise handled here. The chimney belongd to the barracks of the fort. CHUECHES. Most of the well es- tablisht religious denominations have places of worship in this city. There are 2 Baptist churches, 5 Catholic, including one Italian and one Polish, 2 Evangelical, 2 Episcopal, 2 Luth- eran, 2 Methodist, 3 Presbyterian, and one each. Church of Christ (Dis- ciples), Church of Christ (Scientist), Church of God, Church of the Pil- grims, Congregational, Jewish, Salva- tion Army, Spiritualist and Univer- salist. CITY OFFICES. The city clerk, city treasurer, chief of police and some other officials have offices in the City Building. Niagara and 2nd sts. Others are in Convention Hall, Wal- nut av. near Main st., or in various business blocks. COLLEGES. See separate articles on De Veaux College and Niagara University. HOSPITALS. Niagara Palls Mem- orial, 11th st. near Pine av,; Louise Memorial (maternity), 11th st. near Pine av.; St. Mary's, in charge of Black Franciscan Sisters, Ferry av. and 6th st. HOTELS. All the hotels and most of the boarding houses in this city welcome transient as well as perm- anent guests. The following is a list in which Am. stands for American plan and Eu. for European: AMEEICAN, 402 Nia^arn st. C A T A E A C T-INTEENATIONAL, Main and Falls sts. Am. $3.50 up. 12o CLIFTON, Falls and Prospect sts. Eu. $1 up. Am. $2 up. COLONIAL, 335 Buffalo av. Am. $2.50 to $4. Eu. $1 to 3. COLONNADE, Niagara st. COLUMBIA, Niagara and 1st sts. Eu. 50c up. Am, $2 up. EDWARDS. 342 Prospect st. Am. $L50 to $2. EMPIRE, Falls and 2d sts. Am. $2 up. EUROPEAN, 349-53 Riverway. Eu. 75c up. Am. $2. FALLS, 312 Main st. FERGUSON'S NIAGARA FALLS, 338 Main st. Am. $2 up. Eu. $1 up. HARVEY, Falls and 3d sts. Am. $2 up. IMPERIAL, Falls and 2d sts. Eu. $1 to $2.50. Am. $2.50 to $4. KALTENBACH, Buffalo av. near Main st. Am. $3. NASSAU, 112 Falls st. Eu. $1 up. NEW WALKER, Niagara and iJlain sts. 30 rooms. Am. $1.50 up. OAK, 22-26 Falls st. Eu. $1 up. PALMS, 33 W. Niagara st, PROSPECT, Jefferson and 2d sts. Am. $3,50 up; Eu. $1 up. ROBINSON, 313 Prospect st. TEMPERANCE, 2d st. near Central Depot. Am. $1.50 up. TOWER, Riverway and Falls st. Am. $2 to $3. ROOMING HOTELS AND HOUSES. ALLEN BLOCK, Falls and First sts. Eu. 50c. CATHCART, MRS. MARY, 362 1st St. Eu. 50c up. MURPHY, MRS. K., 241 2d st. Eu. 50c up; has restauiant. TRYON, FRED E., 2d st. WATSON, MRS. O. M., 316 First st. 38 rooms; Eu. 50c up. WITTIER, A. W., Main and Falls sts. Eu. 50c. BOARDING HOUSES. BENHAM, MRS. W. L., 539 Fourth St. Am. $1,50. CONWAY, MISS, 349 First st. EDWARDS, D. C, 342 Prospect st, FELLOWS, THE MISSES, 248 Third st. Am. $1.50. GEIGY. MRS. L., 5th and Jefferson sts. Am, $1,50, GRIFFIN, MRS, MARTIN, 510 6th St. HODGES, CHARLES, 550 Main st. McCABE, MISS CATHERINE, 571 Third st. PERRY. MRS. M., 167 Buffalo av. Am. $2. ROGERS, MRS. J. W., 18 Niagara st. HYDRAULIC CANAL. See sep- arate article on Niagara Falls Hy- draulic Power and Mfg. Co. LIBRARY, NIAGARA FALLS PUBLIC, 1022 Main st. near Elm- wood av., 15,000 volumes, open from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m. week days, reading room open also Sunday from 2 to 6 p. m,, except in Julv, Aug. and Sept. MANUFACTURES. Altho it is the 13th city in the State in size, Niagara Falls ranks 10th in the num- ber of its industries and the value of its industrial products. With the power of the Falls available to drive machinery or produce heat, and with 14 railroads and the great lakes to bring in raw materials and' distribute finisht products, this city has become a favorit location for factories. Among the goods produced here are aluminum, carborundum, cereal foods, paper, machinery, iron, lead, graphite and chemicals. The conversion of water power into electric power for use both within and without the city is another leading industry. NATIONAL GUARD. The 42d Separate company has its armory at VM Main st. and Spruce av. It is in- EAILROADS. There are two sta- clucled in the 3rd Regt. as Co. E. tions for steam railroads in the MONUMENT. A stone colum sur- !P^^^^^^^"^ Pf ^ ^^ ^}!' city near the mounted by a figure of a common Falls and two in the northern part T-i- "^ .®-i • -lorrc v j-v near the railroad bridges, soldier was erected m 1876, by the ^ then town of Niagara Falls, to com- FALLS ST. STATION, Falls and memorate its citizens who fell in the 2d sts., 4 blocks from the State Res- Civil War. Their names are cut in ervation. Used by the N. Y. Central, the panels and on the base. It stands Michigan Central, Canadian Pacific at Falls St. and the Riverway. and Lehigh Valley railroads. MUSEUM. The Niagara Falls NIAGARA ST. STATION, Niag- Museum occupies a four storv build- 5,^'^ ^^^ ^^^ sts., 6 blocks from the ing fronting on the Riverway near ^^^e park. Used by the Erie and Falls St. It was founded in 1830 and Wabash roads. has been growing ever since until TENTH ST. STATION, 10th st. now it comprises a natural history and Grove av. Used by the N. Y. collection that would do credit to the Central, Michigan Central, Lehigh Academy of Sciences in a large city, Valley, Grand Trunk, and Canadian a gallery of Egyptian antiquities of Pacific railroads. great variety and value, an art gal- NORTH AV. STATION, North av. lery containing views of all parts and lOth st. Used by the Erie and of the world, besides thousands of "Wabash railroads, miscellaneous curiosities of remark- Besides the ticket offices in the able interest. All exhibits are care- stations, there is one for the N. Y. fully labeld. Its observatory' affords Central and several other railroads a most comprehensive view of Nia at Falls and Main sts. and one for gara scenery. Admission 25c. the Lehigh Valley and the Grand NEWSPAPERS. There are 2 Trunk railroads ' on the opposit daily papers — the Cataract- Journal, corner. evening, (Democratic), and the Gaz SHREDDED WHEAT CO. See ette, evening (Republican), also a separate article, weekly paper— The Journal. SOCIETIES. The following is a POST OFFICE, Main and Walnut list of societies with their place of sts. General delivery and stamp meeting: windows open week days from 7 BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION, 829 a. ni. to 9 p. m., Sunday from 11 a. Main st. m. to 1 p. m. and 6 to 7 p. m.; holi- CHARITY ORGANIZATION SO days 10.30 a. m. to 1 p. m. and 7 to (lETY. 2118 Main st. 8 P- m. ELKS, club house at Main and Station A, Niagara av. near Main Cherrv sts. St.. open from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m. and EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION, 8..15 to 10.15 p. m. 1.2 Gluck Bldg. Falls Station, Jirst st.; open from EXEMPT FIREMEN'S ASSOCIA- 7 a. m. to 9 p. m. TION, home 715 Third st. POWER PLANTS. See senpratb GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUB- articles on the Niagara Falls Hydrau- LIC, Post 133, and WOMEN 'S RE- lic Power and Mfg. Co. and the Nia- LIEF CORPS, Armory, Main st, gara Falls Power Co. and Spruce av. J37 50- NIAGARA, FRONTIER HISTORI- CAL SOCIETY, Public Library, ODD FELLOWS, Hall at Niagara and Fourth sts. SPANISH WAR VETERANS, Arm- ory. WOMEN'S EXCHANGE, 289 Sec- ond st. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AS SOCIATION, 321 First st. STREET RAILWAYS. The ter- minal Station of the International Railway (electric) fronts on the Riverway opposH the State park and runs thru the block to Prospect st. From this station, or the corners of the block in which it stands, all street cars running within the city or to outside points may be taken. The following is a list of the routes: BRIDGE. Across the Upper Steel Arch bridge and return. Every 10 min.; round trip fare 10c. BUFFALO. Riverway, Falls st., Erie av., Buffalo av. to city line, thence thru La Salle, and the Tona- wandas to Buffalo. Cars leave Terminal Station every 15 min. from 7 a. m. to 9 p. m. then every hour to 7 a. m. Fare 35c., round trip 50c. BUFFALO AVENUE (Power House), Falls st., Erie av., Buffalo av. to city line. Cars leave Monu- ment every 15 min., from 6:15 a. m. to 11:15 p. m., then every 30 min to 12:15 a. m. LOCKPORT. Buffalo line to Payne's av., Tonawanda, connecting with Lockport line from Buffalo. MAIN STREET. Falls st.. Second St., Main st.. North av. (to north end); return by same route. Cars leave Monument every 6 min. from 5:45 a. m. to 11:30 p. m., then every 7 1-2 min, to 12 p. m., then '^very 15 min. to 1:15 a. m. NIAGARA FALLS PARK AND RIVER, embracing the Canadian scenic trip. Frequent service from Terminal Station. Horseshoe Falls and Bridge Street cars every 30 min. NIAGARA BELT LINE, embrac- ing the Canadian scenic and the Gorge trips. Frequent service from Terminal Station. Round trip fare $1. NIAGARA STREET. On Niagara st. from Second to Nineteenth st. Cars leave Niagara and Second sts. every 15 min. from 6:22 a. m. to 11:52 p. m. NINETEENTH STREET. On- tario av. from Main st. to Eigh- teenth St., to Whitney av., to Nine- teenth St., to Niagara st.; return by same route. Cars leave Main st. and Ontario av. every 30 min, from 6 a. m. to 11:30 p. m. ONTARIO AVENUE. Ontario av. from Main st. to Sugar st., to Buf- falo av. at E'chota; return by same route. Cars leave Main st. and On- tario av. every 30 min. from 6.15 a. m. to 11,15 p, m. PINE AVENUE. From Terminal Station on Riverway to Falls st., to Second st., to Main st., to Pine av., to Sugar St.; return by same route to Falls St., to Prospect st., to Niag- ara St., to Riverway. Cars leave Terminal Station every 20 min. from 6 a. m. to 11:20 p. m.; last car at 12 p. m. RIVERVIEW. From Ontario av. on Main st. to Whirlpool st., to Chasm av.. to Main st., to Devil's Hole and City Line; return by same route. Cars leave Ontario av. every 30 min. from 6:15 a. m. to 11:15 p. m. ST. CATHERINE'S (Ont.). From Terminal Station on Riverway to Falls st., to Prospect st., to Niagara St., to Upper Steel Arch bridge, thru Niagara Falls, Ont., Stamford, Thor- old and Merriton to St. Catherine's. Cars leave every hour from 7:10 a, 128 m. to 12:10 a. m. Bound trip to Victoria Park railroad station, and St. Catherine's, 70c. In winter by Lorclto Academy, at Falld View. every hour from 6:40 a. m. to 10:40 Among its prominent indusuies lue p. m.; last car 12:20 a. m. the Canadian Shredded Wheat Co., SCENIC GOEGE TRIP. From Canadian Niagara Falls Fower Co., Terminal Station on Riverway to International Acheson Graphite Co., Falls St., to Second st., thru the Oneida Community, Ltd., and the Gorge to Lewiston; return by same Ontario Power Co. route to Falls st., to Prospect st., to The principal hotels for tourists Niagara st., to Eiverway. Frequent and permanent guests are the follow- service. Eound trip fare to Lewis- ^^S* ton 75c. CLIFTON, River st. near Uiper THEATERS. International, Falls Steel Arch bridge; Am. $4 ap. Geo. st. near Riverway. Lyceum, Main R. Major, manager. near Falls st. HOSPICE OF MT. CARMEL, near WATER SUPPLY. The city water Falls View station; 50 rooms; Am. is drawn from the Niagara river $2.50 up; Eu. $1.50 up. J. H. Gil- above the thickly settled part of the mour, proprietor. city. LAFAYETTE, River st. at Upper For more detaild information about Steel Arch bridge; Am. $2.50 up; the city government, churches, post Eu. $1 up. Harry Williams, proprie- office and custom house, including tor. complete street directory, get the SAVOY, Bridge st. and Erie av.; Niagara Falls City Guide at news- 75 rooms; Am. $2 up. O. F. Cronk- stands, price 10c. hite, proprietor. XT 11 r. ^ rri,- v^^i WINDSOR, Bridge st. Am. $2. Niagara Falls, Ont.-This little ^^^^ j^^^^ Keating, proprietor, city, on the Canadian side of the Niagara river at the Falls, was in- Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power corporated in 1904, being formd by and Manufacturing Co.— The first the union of the villages of Clifton serious effort to utilize the power of and Drummondville. Clifton was Niagara was the construction of the opposit the American village of Hydraulic Canal thru the city of Suspension Bridge. Here are the Niagara Falls, N. Y. The plan orig- city hall and most of the other inated with members of the Porter public buildings. Drummondville family about 1840. Various com- was opposit the Falls and is now panics undertook to dig the canal, calld for convenience, Niagara Falls, but it was not completed till 1861. South. Its business and residence The Civil War paralyzed the project sections are on the higher ground, and for several years the water from back from the river. Reached from the canal fell into the Gorge unused. Buffalo by Michigan Central rail- It was known as the Bridal Veil, road; from Niagara Falls, N. Y., by The above named company was Grand Trunk or Wabash railroad, formd in 1877 by Jacob F. Schoell- fare 15c., also by St. Catherine's kopf and Abram M. Chesbrough to electric cars. This city has 3 banks, operate the canal. Arthur Schoell- 14 churches and a daily and 2 week- kopf was made manager and ably ly newspapers. Higher education is utilized its possibilities, provided by the Niagara Falls Coi- The canal starts from the river a legiatc Institi/.e, at the C.ntei, near short distance above the end of the 129 Eiverway, runs northwest and dis- charges its waters into the river by many jets and streams from the face of the cliff just below the Upper Steel Arch bridge. Several streets and the N. Y. Central railroad cross it by bridges, and the Erie railroad runs beside it when approaching its Niagara st. station. The canal passes under the intersection of Niagara and Third sts. and on the wide bridge at this point four tab- lets have been placed on the stone pedestals of street lights, so that one can be read from the roadway or side- walk on either side, each bearing this inscription: '^THE SCHOELLKOPF BEIDGE, named by resolution of the Common Council in grateful memory of Jacob F. Schoellkopf, whose foresight and courage laid the foundations of the power development of Niagara Falls." The canal was at first only 36 feet wide, but has been increast to nearly 100 feet, and is supplying to various industries about 20,000 electrical horsepower, 400 mechanical and 7,000 hydraulic horsepower. The office of the company is on Main st. north of Niagara, and here the visitor can ob- tain a pass permitting him to go down in an elevator 214 feet to the electric power house at the water's edge. Niagara Falls Power Oo. — After viewing the wonders of nature, it is instructive to pass to a wonder of modern engineering. On the bank of the Niagara river, about a mile above the Falls, on the American side, stands the plant of the above named company. It is reached by Power House or Buffalo street cars. The buildings consist of two power houses, one 450 feet the other 485 feet long, and a smaller transformer house, all of granit. So many per- sons visit the plant, that the com- pany has provided guides for their convenience, and issues admission tickets for which 25c is charged. A booklet of information is given to each visitor. The money receivd for tickets, after defraying the act- ual expenses of this service, is used for the benefit of the employees — for beds in hospitals and in other ways. The hours for visitors are from 9 a. m. to 5.30 p. m. week days, and from 10 a. m. to 4 p. m. Sundays. Entering the office in Power House No. 2, visitors go up a broad stair- case and get their tickets, then pass into a balcony overlooking the main floor, where the guide explains the machinery. On the floor below are seen 11 huge dynamos or generators, standing in one long row, each with a capacity of 5,500 horsepower and making 250 revolutions a minute. An elevator takes the party down into the wheel-pit under the building, which is 177 feet deep, 461 feet long and I7I/2 feet wide, cut in the solid rock. Here are installd 11 turbins revolving horizontally, driven by water from the river, which reachQ^ the power house thru a short canal, and then fills 11 penstocks or verti- cal pipes 7% feet in diameter, which deliver it to the turbins. To each turbin is attacht a hollow vertical shaft, 32 inches in diameter, which revolves with it and extends to the main floor above, where it drives one of the electric generators. The weight of the colum of water in each penstock is estimated at 400,000 pounds. After doing its work in the turbins, the water flows thru an un- derground tunnel leading under the city, and discharging into the river below the Falls. Prom the wheel pit of Power House No. 2, visitors walk thru a passage under the canal to the wheel- 130 'V O m X O c m O H I pn Z > > > > r r in O n o 181 pit of Power House No. 1, and an elevator takes them up to the main floor. Here are installd 10 genera- tors of 5,000 horsepower each, driven in the same manner as those in the other building, so that the total capacity of the plant is 110,500 horsepower. About half an hour is required to go thru the plant. Near by is the transformer house, where electric current to be transmitted to a distance is stept up to 11,000 volts or 22,000 volts according to the dis- tance. The company owns a large tract of land, stretching along the river for two miles eastward from its plant. Sites are leased in this tract to man- ufacturing concerns who wish to use the company's power, and already 30 large industries are located here. Among its customers is the Interna- tional Eailway, all of whose street cars in Buffalo and Niagara Falls and those running to Lockport and Olcott Beach, are operated by this power. Olcott Beach is about 37 miles distant. The electric current transmitted to neighboring cities to be distributed thru local stations to various industries is conveyd by cables of copper wire, carrid high in air and supported by paralel lines of wooden or steel poles, which may be seen at many points. (See also Canadian Niagara Power Co.) Niagara Frontier Landmarks As- sociation. — This association was formd Nov. 14, 1900, for the purpose of placing along the Niagara Fron- tier suitable monuments to com- memorate historic events. It is composed of delegates from these 12 societies: Sons of the American Eevolution, Sons of the Eevolution, Daughters of the American Eevolu- tion, Children of the American Eev- olution, Society of Colonial Wars, Buffalo Historical Society, Society of the War of 1812, Niagara Fron- tier Historical Society (of Niagara Falls), Society of the Mayflower Descendants, Daughters of 1812, Men's Club of Lewiston and Order of the Cincinnati. The officers from the beginning have been Trueman G. Avery, president; Mrs. John Mil- ler Horton, vice-president; George D. Emerson, secretary; and Philip S. Smith, treasurer. The first spot markt by the Asso- ciation was the Griffon Shipyard, where on May 24, 1902, it unveild with appropriate exercises a boulder and tablet presented by the Niagara Frontier Historical Society (See La Salle) . Since then it has unveild in similar manner tablets marking the site of the St. John House, at 460 Main st., the location of the battle of Black Rock, the scene of the Devil's Hole Massacre in the Niag ara Gorge, the site of Buffalo's First School House, at Pearl and W. Swan sts. (See Schools, Public), the loca- tion of Col. Winfield Scott's battery in the battle of Queenston Hights (See Lewiston), the site of Fort Tompkins, at Niagara and School sts,, Buffalo, the site of the first Court Houses of Niagara and Erie counties, where the Buffalo Public Library now stands, a memorial stone to Capt. Hull and 9 American soldiers at Lundy's Lane, the church edifice on the site of the present St. Paul's Church and the site for- merly occupied by the First Presby- terian Church (See Presbyterian Churches). The Association publisht in 1906 an interesting record of its work during the first five years of its ex- istence, prepared by its secretary, George D. Emerson. This record consists of accounts of the exercises at the various unveilings, the ad- dresses given on those occasions, pictures of the tablets, portraits of 132 officers of the Association and other material. The volume contains also a report of the committee on sites describing a large number of places along the Niagara Frontier that are worthy of being markt by enduring memorials. Niagara Gorge. — This name de- notes the canyon thru which the Ni- agara river rushes from the Falls to the towns of Lewiston and Queenston, 7 miles below. Its sides are cliffs of solid rock 200 feet high, and the river flows in continuous rapids, dashing high over projecting rocks, nearly all the way. No one who has traveld any distance to see the Falls should omit a ride the whole length of the Gorge. Three railway lines offer such a ride. The N. Y. Central has a line to Lewiston, running part of the way close enough to the edge of the Gorge so that the rapids below can be seen. The Niagara Gorge railroad (elec- tric) runs from Niagara Falls, N. Y.. thru the Gorge along the foot of the cliff, only a few feet above the water, to Lewiston. Fare 50c., with return the saflie way 75c. The Ni- agara Belt Line (electric) takes the passenger across the Upper Steel Arch bridge, up on the Canadian side to the Horseshoe Fall, then down the river along the top of the cliff to Queenston, across the bridge to Lewiston, and back on the Amer- ican side over the tracks of the Gorge railroad along the foot of the cliff. Eound trip fare $1. A de- scription of the Belt Line trip will include the points of interest seen on the other two. This trip can be made in two hours, or a whole day can be devoted to it. Cars start every 15 minutes from Falls st., near the Soldiers' Monument, and pass slowly across the bridge, af- fording an excellent view of the face of both falls and of the Maid of the Mist cruising in the gulf at their foot. A short distance above the bridge on the Canadian side is the first stopping place. Passengers are allowd to stop over at all sta- tions to view the attractions near by and proceed by a later car. At this station is the CLIFTON INCLINE, which carries passengers down a slope to the foot of the cliff. Fare down and back 10c. There is also a roadway which is free. The MAID OF THE MIST land- ing is at the foot of the Incline. This staunch little steamer cruises up one side of the river and down the other, passing slowly thru the boil- ing caldron at the foot of the Falls, where she is enveloped in the copious mist from the plunging waters. Fare, including use of waterproof coat, 50c. The steamer can be taken also at a landing in the Eeservation on the American side. The first steamer of this name did not pay expenses. The owners had a chance to sell her if she could reach Lake Ontario, and the captain with an engineer and fireman took her thru the lower rapids. Only for a few moments in the Whirlpool during this perilous passage did the captain have any control over the wheel. In the rapids both above and below, the current was her only pilot, and good fortune alone saved her from being swampt or dasht against the rocks. After leaving the Clifton Incline station, the car enters QUEEN VIC- TOEIA NIAGARA FALLS PAEK, establisht by the Canadian govern- ment for the pleasure of visitors, like the Eeservation on the New York side. It contains 164 acres and stretches along the bank of the river, both above and below the Falls. It is handsomely laid out and is beauti- fied with ornamental shrubs and large beds of flowers. In the Ad- ministration Building, a picturesque 133 structure of rubble masonry, is a restaurant where good food is sux?- plied at moderate prices. Three companies are converting some of the mighty force of Niagara into electric power on the Canadian side. The Ontario Power Co. has a group of buildings in the Park, just above the Administration Building. The plant of the Canadian Niagara Falls Power Co. is a little above the Horseshoe Fall, and above that is the power house of the Electrical Development Co. of Ontario. HOESESHOE FALL.— The fall on the Canadian side was so named be- cause of its contour, which was for- merly quite a regular curve. But owing to the fact that a heavier volume of water pours over the mid- dle of the fall than at the sides, the rock has been broken away there so that the curve has become an ir- regular acute angle. The width of the Fall is calculated as 3,010 feet, following its curve, and its hight is 158 feet. Where there are two chan- nels in the Niagara river, the inter- national boundary line runs thru the middle of the deeper channel. This brings it thru the middle of the Horseshoe Fall, half of which is thus within the United States. About seven-eighths of the water going over the Falls pours over the Horseshoe Fall. From measurements taken since 1842, supplemented by esti- mates, it is believd that the Falls have receded during many centuries on an average of one foot a year. At this rate, the Fall 3,000 years ago, for there was only one then, was at the Upper Bridge, and it has taken 12,000 years to cut its way back the whole length of the Gorge. TABLE EOCK SCENIC TUNNEL. —There was formerly a shelf of rock projecting some 50 feet over the Table Eock. It fell in 1853, and parts of it may still be seen at the water's edge below. At this place there is now an elevator descending to a tunnel cut in the solid rock, in which visitors can go 100 feet behind the Fall and view the im- mense cataract in front of them. The charge for elevator fare, guide, and use of waterproof coat is 50c. The service is supervised by the superin- tendent of the Park. Just above the Horseshoe Fall, nearly a mile from the Upper bridge, is a power house of the International Eailway. Here the Belt Line ear goes around a loop and returns past the bridge, then goes on down the Gorge. The car tracks continue southward to Chippawa, and close beside them, a little beyond the loop, is an office of the Canadian Niagara Falls Power Co., in a small wooden building, where tickets to visit the power plant are issued. On the bluff overlooking the river at this point can be seen a grey stone building. This is Loretto Convent or Academy conducted by the Ladies of Loretto. South of the convent stands the Hos- pice of Mt. Carmel, a hotel concjucted under the direction of the Carmelite Fathers, and a small building near by is the Monastery of Mt. Carmel. These institutions are close to Falls View station, on the Michigan Cen- tral railroad, and are reached also by street cars from Niagara Falls, Ont. On the river's edge, beyond the plant of the Niagara Company, is that of the Electrical Development Co. of Ontario, After the car goes around the loop, the seats on the right side afford the best view of the river during the rest of the trip. At the water 's edge on the American side, just below the bridge, a large stream of water will Gorge, at the edge of the Horseshoe be noticed entering the river from a Fall, on the Canadian side, ealld tunnel. This is the outlet for the 134 THE HORSESHOE FALL 135 water that has done its work in the while far below the waters of the plant of the Niagara Falls Power Co. river leap and foam thru the Lower Nearby a large number of jets and Rapids. Four miles below the Whirl- streams are seen issuing from out- pool is Queenston Eights and the lets in the cliff, at various hights end of the Gorge. Here the car from the water's edge up to 50 feet stops to enable passengers to visit below the top. These come from the Brock 's Monument. From the hights power plants of the Niagara Falls the Belt Line passes to a lower Hydraulic Power Co. or from the level by a gradually descending loop, works of tenants on its lands, to and then crosses the river by a sus- whom it supplies power. pension bridge — the only suspension The ear now increases its speed bridge now spanning the Niagara and soon passes under the two rail- river. road bridges opposit the former vil- On the other side is Lewiston, and lage of Suspension Bridge. The here the car traces another loop, re- river, which has been running deep turning under the end of the bridge, and still from the foot of the Falls, From this point the journey bacK to here begins to leap and dash in the Niagara Falls is made over the Great Whirlpool Rapids. About a mile Gorge railroad, affording a close view below these bridges the Belt Line of the Rapids thruout their whole makes a half circle around the length. A short distance above Lew- Whirlpool, iston the car stops at the tablet com- The WHIRLPOOL is an immense memorating the Devil's Hole Massa- ealdron in the Niagara Gorge at a ere. Soon the vast Whirlpool is seen place where the river has changed across the river and after enjoying its course. The water pours into the constantly changing ever ex- this caldron, circles around it and hilarating view on this part of the flows out, mainly by an under cur- trip, the passenger does not wonder rent, almost at a right angle with that hundreds of thousands of dol- the channel by which it enterd. lars have been spent to build this There is a station at the Whirlpool, road and to repair the damages done and here an elevator takes visitors each winter by frost and ice. Be- 6oyvn to the foot of the cliff. Charge tween the railroad bridges and the 50c. The immense power of the Hydraulic Power Plant, the ear swirling current is seen when a drift- climbs out of the Gorge and then ing log enters the Whirlpool. It passes thru city streets to its starting circles part way around the great point, gulf, then is raisd on end in the air and drawn beneath the surface as if Niagara River.— Altho one of the it were a bamboo cane. most famous streams on the globe, Half way around the Whirlpool, this river is only 36 miles long. It the car stops on a trestle crossing a forms the outlet of L. Erie and gap in the wall of the Gorge. In flows north to L. Ontario. The prehistoric times, the river flowd boundary between the United States thru this ravine, insted of thru its and Canada runs thruout its length, present channel below the Whirl- following its deepest channel. Its pool, and reached L. Ontario on its width is a little less than half a old shore line at St. David's, Smiles mile at Buffalo, one mile just above west of Queenston. the Falls, while at Foster 's Flats, be- Beyond the Whirlpool, the car con- low the Whirlpool, it narrows to one- tinues along the top of the cliff, sixteenth of a mile. Its descent from 136 H X m z > > > r O O r 137 L. Erie to the upper rapids, is 15 feet in 21 14 miles, in these rapids 55 feet in one-half mile, in the Falls 161 feet, in the lower rapids 98 feet in 7 miles, and from Lewiston to L. Ontario 7 feet in 7 miles. Above the Palls its average depth is 20 feet; from the foot of the Falls to near the cantilever bridge it is about 200 feet deep; in the Whirlpool Eapids it is only 40 feet, while the Whirl- pool itself is estimated at 400 feet, and the lower river from Lewiston to its mouth flows placidly with a depth of over 100 feet. Niagara University occupies a tract of over 300 acres in the town- ship of Lewiston, overlooking the Niagara Gorge. The site is 250 feet above the river and for sublimity of scenery is unrivald. Beached from Niagara Falls by street cars half- hourly. Its post oflflce is Niagara University, N. Y. The institution was founded in 1856, and is under the care of the Priests of the Congregation of the Mission, or Vincentians. It em- braces an Academic or preparatory department, a Collegiate department, empowerd iDy the University of the State of New York to confer degrees, and an Ecclesiastical department, for the training of candidates for the sacred ministry. The latter depart- ment — the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels — was the first establisht. Besides the four years course in arts, the college department gives a com- mercial and a scientific course, each of two years. The buildings are rlig- nified and beautiful, and contain a dormitory, dining halls, well equiiot scientific laboratories, and rooms for physical training, social meetings and recreation. The University library contains over 50,000 volumes. The total number of students is about 325. The president is the Yery Kev. E. J. Walsh, C. M. Nichols School. — The plans pro- vide for such a school as is equald by few in the country, and are the result of a desire on the part of many in Buffalo to have a school where boys may be taught how to study; where the necessary assistance is given not by the parent, but by the teacher; where character and health as well as studies are consid- erd; where, in short, a boy's time and thoughts are fild with work and sport thruout the day, as in the best boarding schools, after which the boy returns home for the home associa- tions which are an important part in his right development. To accom- plish all this, the classes will be small, and the individual, riot the class, will be the unit to be con- siderd. The buildings include a recitation building, containing laboratory, car- penter shop and lunch room, con- structed on the most approved lines, where heating, lighting and ventila- tion have been given careful thought, and a gymnasium with a plunge, squash courts, running track and all the usual apparatus, tinder the constant supervision of the Gym- nasium Instructor who examins every boy and directs his exercise. Outside there are a quarter- mile running track, base ball and foot ball fields and several tennis courts, beside room for other outdoor games. It is pland to fill a boy's day from 9 a. m., when school begins, to 6 p. m., when all go home for dinner. The morning is occupied with recitation periods, then a hearty lunch served, after which there are study periods when the instructors help the boys with their most difficult studies, and above all teach them how to study, which is the im- portant thing. Later come sports on the athletic field or in tJie gym- nasium, in which each boy takes 138 03 55 D CO < o H m z n X O c; en o X o o r o o c z D w part according to tis ability. The head master is Joseph Dana Allen, A. M. Normal School. — The State Normal School in Bu£falo occupies the block bounded by Jersey, 14th and York sts. and Normal av. and is reached garten course, and courses in indus- trial and domestic arts and sciences, each covering two years. Instruc- tion in library work is also given. The total number of students is usu- ally about 270. The school library contains over STATE NORMAL SCHOOL IN BUFFALO by the Hoyt, Grant and Connecticut 6,000 volumes, covering the wide car lines. The main school building range of thought with which the suc- is a 3-story structure fronting on Jer- cessf ul teacher must be in touch, sey st. and in the rear of this is and all the leading educational per- the science building. Tuition and iodicals and monthly magazines are the use of text-books are free to receivd. The school has a large au- properly qualified residents of the ditorium, fitted with a stereopticon, State of New York. The school gives in which lectures and entertainments a regular normal course, a kinder- are given for the students and their 140 friends. In this hall also, general assemblies and social functions are held. One of the city public schools, with grammar and primary grades and a kindergarten, and having nearly 400 pupils, is located in the normal school building and serves as a school of practice. All students in the normal course are required to teach 600 hours in this practice school under the supervision of a critic teacher. An ample school -gar- den is maintaind in connection with nature study work. The normal school is conducted by the educational department of the State, under the supervision of a local board of 7 members, of which Edward H. Butler is presi- dent. The principal of the school is Daniel Upton. North Tonawanda. — This is a city of about 12,000 population ^ on the Niagara river, 12 miles north of Buf- falo. Eeached by N. Y, Central, Erie or Lehigh railroad, fare 15c, round trip 25c.; also by Tonawanda, Niag- ara Falls, or Lockport electric cars, fare 17c., round trip 30c. It lies in Niagara county and is separated from Tonawanda, in Erie county, by the Erie canal. It has a national bank and two private banking houses, 17 churches, a daily news- paper, the Evening News, and a pub- lic library. For information concerning its business activities, see Tonawanda. O Office Buildings. — The following is a list of the principal office buildings in Buffalo. While there are no *' sky- scrapers" among them, there are quite a number that in size, sub- stantial construction and convenient appointments would do credit to any city. AUSTIN, 110 Franklin st. BEECHER, S. Division and Ellicott sts. BIEGE, 225 Main st. BUILDERS' EXCHANGE, 245 Pearl St. BRISBANE, 397-409 Main st. CALUMET, 52-58 W. Chippewa st. CAXTON, 45 N. Division st. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, Main and W. Seneca sts.* CHAPIN BLOCK, 11-23 W. Swan st. CHIPPEWA BLOCK, Main and Chippewa sts. COAL AND IRON EXCHANGE, 257 Washington st. CUNNEEN, 85 W. Eagle st. DUN, 112 Pearl st. ELLICOTT SQUARE, 281-309 Main St. ERIE COUNTY BANK, 344 Main st. EXCHANGE, 202 Main st. FIDELITY, Main and W. Swan sts. GERMAN INSURANCE, Main st. and Broadway. HUTCHINSON, 73 W. Eagle st. KINGSLEY, 119-21 Franklin st. KREMLIN BLOCK, 18 W. Eagle st. LAIRD, 15 Niagara st. LAW EXCHANGE, 52 Niagara st. LEWIS BLOCK, 19 E. Swan st. LIVE-STOCK EXCHANGE, William and Depot sts. MARINE BANK, 220-26 Main st. MASONIC TEMPLE, 43 Niagara st. MORGAN, D. S., Pearl and Niagara sts.* ^See separate article. 141 MUTUAL LIFE, 210 Pearl st.* NELLANY, 487 Main st. PALACE ARCADE, 615 Main st. PEUDENTIAL, 138-146 Pearl st. STAFEORD, 156 Pearl st. VALENTINE BLOCK, 99 Niagara St. WHITE FIREPROOF, 284 Main st."^ WILLIAMS BLOCK, 377 Main st. Ohio Basin, see Canals. Olcott Beach is a favorit summer resort on Lake Ontario north of Buf- falo. It is ownd and managed by the International Railway Co. and is reached by the cars of that company via Lockport every hour, and part of the day in summer every half hour. Fare, round trip $1; in sum- mer, 75 cents. Running time, 1 hour 35 minutes. After descending the escarpment in the City of. Locks to the lower lands bordering the lake, the cars speed thru some of the famous peach and apple orchards of Niagara county, in the villages of Wrights, Corwin, Newfane and Burt. Upon arrival at Olcott, the visitor passes thru the large station into Olcott Beach Park, which is in a pine grove on a bluff overlooking the lake. The shade of the majestic pine trees, together with the refreshing breezes from the lake, keep the place delight- fully cool and enjoyable at all times. Merely to sit in the large swings moving gently under the shade of the pines is a rest and a pleasure. Near the station is an electric riding gallery with its organ, and here also is the starting point of a miniature steam railway that makes a circuit thru the grounds. At the farther end of the grove stands the Olcott Beach Hotel, one of the largest and most completely equipt houses to be found at any summer resort. It has over 100 rooms and suites, and is conduct- ed on the European plan. Rates $1 *See separate article. a day and upwards. The dining room is on the main floor, overlooking the lake, and the table service is of the best. Numerous well appointed par- lors and sitting and smoking rooms add greatly to the comfort of guests. A large band furnishes pleasing mu- sic and hops are given in the spacious casino every Wednesday and Satur- day evening. A sandj'^ beach runs the whole length of the park, at the foot of the bluff, affording excellent bathing. A stairway from the hotel office leads down to the floor below on the side toward the lake, where are the dressing rooms for bathers. Other water sports — fishing, canoeing and yachting — can be enjoyd here to the fullest extent. In the park also is the Old Log Cabin, erected in 1888 as a historical museum by the Pio- neers' Association of Niagara Coun- ty. It is open only during meetings of the association. One of the chief attractions of Ol- cott Beach is the open air theater, in which variety entertainments are given every afternoon and evening. Admission 10 cents, children 5 cents. Across the street is an annex to the park, comprising several acres, calld the Rialto. Here are many popular amusements, such as a roller coaster, cave of the winds, bowling alleys, shooting gallery, fortune teller, Jap- anese bazaar, etc., etc. Ontario Power Company of Niag- ara Falls. — This is the largest hydro- electric undertaking on either side of the river. Its works are rich in features of interest to the visitor, whether engineer or layman. The plant at present has a capacity of 75,000 H. P. in 7 units of the hori- zontal, twin turbin type. It is now (April, 1910) being extended to pro- vide for 14 units having a total out- put of about 150,000 H. P. The works are designed and partly fin- isht for an ultimate capacity of 142 143 about 200,000 H. P. The water for the present development flows from the Headworks, which are on the Canadian shore at the Dufferin Hands, thru an 18-foot steel and con- crete pipe over one mile long, placed underground, to a point just below Table Eock. A second condit of like size is approaching completion and a third will later be added. From the distributor or lower section of each condit the water drops thru 9-foot steel penstocks to the water wheels, the available head being 170 feet. The Power House is situated unobtrusively in the Gorge at the foot of the Canadian Falls. The electric current, which is gen- erated at 12,000 volts, is conducted thence thru cable tunnels under the surface of Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park up to the Distributing Station on the hill-top. Here a por- tion of the output is stept up to 60,000 volts for distribution in the States of New York and Pennsyl- vania. The remainder is transmit- ted thruout the Niagara Peninsula at 12,000 volts, with the exception of that taken by the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, at whose transformer station the volt- age is increased to 110,000, for dis- tribution thruout Southwestern On- tario. The Generating and Distributing Stations are accessible to visitors thru the Entrance Building in the Park. All the Company's buildings are of artistic design and, unlike most such works, enhance the scenic beauty of their environment. From the roof of the Distributing Station the view of the Falls, upper Eapids, and surrounding country is probably the most comprehensive and inspir- ing to be had anywhere in the neigh- borhood of the great cataract. Pamflets giving a full general and technical description of the works are furnisht at the Entrance Build- ing upon application. The casual visitor is guided over the plant for a nominal charge of 50 cents, part of which defrays the cost of providing this service, the balance going to support a bed in the Niagara Falls General Hospital. Orchard Beach is a delightful lake shore resort at North East, Pa., about 70 miles from Buffalo. Eeached by cars of the Buffalo & L. Erie Traction Co., which owns the resort. Fare $1.40, round trip $2.60. Orchard Park is a locality in the town of Hamburg, reached by elec- tric cars. 144 Parks. — Buffalo has made generous provision for the rest and recreation of its residents in the open air. The park system of the city was organ- ized about 1860, by an act of the State legislature authorizing the purchase of lands for this purpose and creating a board of commis- sioners to carry the act into effect. The Department of Parks is now ad- ministerd by a board of 6 commis- sioners, one of whom is the mayor, ex officio, and the other 5 are appointed by him for terms of 5 years, so ar- ranged that the term of one commis- sioner expires each year. The com- missioners serve without salary, The board appoints a secretary, a sup- erintendent and other employees. Its office is on the first floor of the city hall. Up to July 1, 1909, a total of 1,052 acres had been set apart for parks and smaller open spaces. Some of the parks are connected by park- ways — wide boulevards borderd or eenterd by strips of greensward, with shade treees and clumps of shrubbery at intervals — besides which several avenues running to the parks have been designated as Park Approaches, and put in charge of the park de- partment. The following is a list of the parks and minor places, several of which are described elsewhere: CAZENOVIA, between Seneca st. and Abbott rd.; 106 acres* DELAWARE, between Amherst st. and Forest av., Parkside and Elm- wood avs.; 365 acres.* THE FRONT, between Front av. and L. Erie; 48 acres.* HUMBOLDT, between Northampton and Best sts., E. Parade and W. Parade avs.; 56 acres.* RIVEIJSIDE, between O'Neill st. and Esser av., Tonawanda and Niagara sts,; 22 acres.* SOUTH, between Hurlbert st. and Ridge rd., South Park av. and Pennsylvania railroad tracks; 155 acres.* MINOR PLACES. AGASSIZ PLACE, Humboldt pky,, and Parkside av.; circle 490 feet in diameter. ARLINGTON PLACE, from North st. south and east to College st.; 300 by 87 feet. THE BANK, Massachusetts and Front avs,; circle 300 feet in di- ameter. BENNETT PLACE, Clinton, E. Eagle and Pine sts.; 2.43 acres. BEST STREET, Best st. and W. Parade av.; 156 by 160 feet. BIDWELL PLACE, Richmond and Lafayette avs.; 5.44 acres. CHAPIN PLACE, Delaware and Laf- ayette avs.; 4.28 acres. THE CIRCLE, Richmond av. and North St.; circle 500 feet in diam- eter. DAY'S PARK, Allen to Cottage St.; 1.38 acre. FERRY STREET, W. Ferry st. and Richmond av.; circle 300 feet in diameter. GATES CIRCLE, see CHAPIN PLACE. HEACOCK PLACE, Abbott and White's Corners rds,; about 2.8 acres. HUMBOLDT PARKWAY AND SCAJAQUADA CREEK; 468 by 5 feet. JOHNSON PLACE, Johnson pk. near Delaware av.; 1.05 acre. LAFAYETTE SQUARE, between Broadway and Clinton st., Wash- ington and Main sts.; 200 by 160 feet.* *3^e separate article. 145 LANIGAN PARK, Elk st. to Fulton near Louisiana; 300 by 100 feet. MARKET SQUARE, Niagara and Amherst sts,; 198 by 33 feet. HASTEN PLACE ,Best, Hasten, E. North and Hiehigan sts.j 7.72 acres. NIAGARA SQUARE, Niagara, Court and Genesee sts. and Delaware av.; 4.92 acres. PORTER SQUARE, Niagara and Parish sts.; 1.65 acre. PROSPECT PLACE, between Con- necticut st. and Porter av., Pros- pect av. and Seventh st.; 3.83 acres, SOLDIERS' LACE, Bird av. and Lincoln pky.; circle 700 feet in diameter. SOUTH PARKWAY CIRCLE, South- side pky. and city line; circle 500 feet in diameter. THE TERRACE, Court st. to S. Div- ision; 1.32 acre. WOODSIDE CIRCLE, Southside and Red Jacket pkys.; circle 500 feet in diameter. TRIANGLES. There are also 27 small triangles at the intersections of streets, which are cared for by the park department. A city forester is employd by the department, who has charge of the planting and pruning of the shade trees in the public streets, and spray- ing the trees to free them from caterpillars. The city's Zoological Garden, which is in charge of the park de- partment, is described separately and the botanical conservatory is described under South Park. The president of the park commis- sioners is Haurice H. Wall and the superintendent of parks is David A. Seymour. Penitentiary. — This is a county in- stitution and is located at 5th and Pennsylvania sts. There are two principal buildings; the older one contains 500 cells and the newer one has about 300. Visitors are admit- ted on Thursday from 9:30 to 11 a. m. and 1:30 to 3:30 p. m. Peoples Bank. — This institution stands very high in the esteem of the business men of Buffalo-. To its known conservatism of management and the security so afforded is added a curtesy and progressive spirit, which, catering as the bank does to. active business accounts, make it an ideal depository. The oflSeers make a special effort to give to its cus- tomers their personal service, and cover completely the entire work of the bank in personal administration. This is greatly appreciated by the bank's depositors, and it insures a more satisfactory handling of their business than can otherwise be ob- taind. The management also takes a great deal of interest in new enter- prizes located in Buffalo and endeav- ors to extend to those coming to the city every possible assistance to fu"^- ther their business. To those estab- lishing new enterprizes or organiz- ing branches of old enterprizes in this city, this is a feature of bank work which is very much appreciated. The officers, A. D. Bissell, president; C. R, Huntley, vice-president; E. J. Newell, cashier; Howard Bissell and C. G. Feil, assistant cashiers, are well known, and because of their long connection with the bank and the experience which it gives, are each one well fitted for the highest type of service. Conservatism, safety, curtesy and progressiveness are evi- dently the cardinal points in their scheme of management. Upon its board of directors are some of the most prominent citizens of Buffalo, and the bank refers with pride to this body of representative men who take a very active interest in the 146 THE PEOPLES BANK 147 institution, assisting the officers in many ways in the administration of its affairs. The board consists of Charles F. Bishop, John Hughes, Charles E. Huntley, Daniel O'Day, Frank E'. Wattles, Walter P. Cooke, A. D. Sikes, Frank S. McGraw, Ei- good C. Lufkin, E. W. Pomeroy and A. D. Bissell. justly deserved reputation for excel- lence while the prices are moderate compared to rates elsewhere. Many travelers have their work done here, as they save from 25 to 50 per cent., having it forwarded afterward. The proprietor, Mr. Frederick Pohle, will be very glad to receive visitors and show them the entire PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIO OF FREDERICK POHLE Photography.- — The art of photo- graphy is well represented in Buffalo, and one of the most interesting stud- ios for the stranger to visit is lo- cated in the center of the business section — No. 9 W. Chippewa st. — just around the corner from Main. Its large and commodious quarters are modern and artistic, there being about ten rooms, which include everything desirable in a studio — in fact it is superior to anything else in New York State, The portraits made here are marvels of artistic skill and are in keeping with the establishment without any obliga- tion for them to purchase. Pine Hill is just outside the east- ern city limit and is the location of several cemeteries. It is reached by Genesee st. cars. Playgrounds. — The city has estab- lisht grounds where children may use their activities in healthful rec- reation, without the danger to them- selves and to passers-by connected with playing in the streets. This outlet also removes the danger of pent-up energy finding vent in hood- 148 lumism. The following is a list of the grounds, which are in charge of a general director and assistants, under the supervision of the Play- ground Commission: BIED AVENUE, Bird av. and Grant St.; 45,988 sq. ft. COLLINS, Smith st. near Perry; 108,000 sq. ft. DELAVAN AVENUE, W. Delavan av. near Main st.; 73,176 sq. ft. GLENWOOD AVENUE, Glenwood av. near Fillmore; 44,976 sq. ft. JOHNSON STEEET, Johnson st. near Genesee; 73,392 sq. ft. LANIGAN PAEK, Perry st. near Louisiana; 30,000 sq. ft. SEVENTH STEEET, Seventh st. near Hudson; 29,172 sq. ft. SIDWAY STEEET, Sidway st. near Sandusky; 49,044 sq. ft. TEEEACE, the Terrace from Church St. to Court; 57,600 sq. ft. This playground was establisht in 1901 and was the first to be establisht and maintaind in Buffalo by a city appropriation. Civic Games or exhibitions given by children taught in the various playgrounds have been held about the end of August each year since 1902. Experiments with children's gardens and with summer camps have also been made in connection with the playground recreations. Point Abino is a cottage resort on the Canadian shore of L. Erie, about two miles west of Crystal Beach. It has a station on the Grand Trunk railroad and a large launch also brings passengers to and from the Crystal Beach steamers. The Point Abino Yacht Club, composed of sum- mer residents, has a club house on the Point. Police Department. — This depart- ment is conducted by the Board of Police, comprising the Mayor ex oflScio, who is president of the board, and two commissioners appointed by the mayor for terms of 6 years. The appointed commissioners must not belong to the same political ^party. The board appoints the superinten- dent of police and other officers of the department and the patrolmen. The office of the board is in the Headquarters building. The superintendent is the com- manding officer of the uniformd force and is in charge of the head- quarters of the department, which are in the building standing on a triangle bounded by Franklin and W. Seneca sts. and the Terrace. The present superintendent is Mich- ael Eegan. The city is divided into 14 pre- cincts, each having a station house occupied by a detachment of the force. The following are the loca- tions of the police stations: No. 1. Headquarters Building. 2. 403 E. Seneca st. 3. 425 Pearl st. 4. Sycamore and Ash sts. 5. W. Delavan and Greenwood avs. 6. 1444 Main st. 7. 355 Louisiana st. 8. 484 William st. 9. Seneca and Babcock sts. 10. 566 Niagara st. 11. Broadway and Bailey av. 12. 1186 Genesee st. 13. Austin and Joslyn sts. 14. 2855 Main st. The total number of persons in the department is 814, comprising 3 inspectors, 14 captains, 89 sergeants, 633 patrolmen, 21 patrol wagon driv- ers and various other officers and employees. The small steamer Orover Cleve- land belongs to this department and is used for patrolling the harbor. There is a police pension fund, amounting to something over 150,000, which receives the money from dog 149 iiceDses, pistol permits, rewards, part of the liquor tax and some other sources. Political Divisions. — For conven- ience in voting at elections, most of the towns in Erie county and all the wards in the cities of Buffalo and Tonawanda are sub-divided into elec- tion districts, each having a separate polling place. Erie county comprises 9 Assembly Districts, each of which elects a member of the State Assembly. These districts are made up of Elec- tion Districts in th<3 following man- ner: FIRST ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 21st ward, third and fourth dis- tricts. 22nd ward. 23rd ward, first and third districts. 24th ward. 25th ward. SECOND ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 18th ward. 19th ward. 20th ward. 21st ward, first and second dis- tricts, THIRD ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 5th ward, fifth district. 6th ward, first and third districts. 10th ward. 13th ward. 14th ward. 15th ward, sixth district. 23rd ward, second district. The first, second and third Assem- bly districts make up the 48th Sen- atorial District. FOURTH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 1st ward. 4th ward. 9th ward. FIFTH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 2nd ward. 3rd ward. 5th ward, first, second, third and fourth districts. 6th ward, second and fourth dis- tricts.. 7th ward, first and fifth districts. 8th ward, first district. SIXTH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 7th ward, secondjthird and fourth districts. 8th ward, second, third, fourth and fifth districts. 11th ward. The fourth, fifth and sixth as- sembly districts make up the 49th Senatorial District. SEVENTH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 12th ward. 16th ward, fifth district. Amherst. Cheektowaga. Lackawanna. Lancaster, West Seneca. EIGHTH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. 15th ward, first, second, third, fourth and fifth districts. 16th ward, first, second,- third and fourth districts, 17th ward. Grand Hand. Tonawanda (town). Tonawanda (city). NINTH ASSEMBLY DISTRICT. Alden. Aurora. Boston. Brant. Clarence. Colden. Collins. Concord. East Hamburg. Eden. Elma. Evans. Hamburg. Holland. Marilla. Newstead. North Collins. Sardinia. Wales. The seventh, eighth and ninth As- sembly districts make up the 50th Senatorial District. The 35th Congressional District comprises Wards 1 to 14 inclusive 150 and Ward 16 of the city of Buffalo. The 36th Congressional District comprises Ward 15 and Wards 17 to 25 inclusive of the city of Buffalo, also the cities of Lackawanna and Tonawanda and all the towns of Erie county. WAED BOUND AKIES. The following are the boundaries of the 25 wards into which the citv of Buffalo is divided: FIEST WARD— Bounded by Main, Buffalo river, L. Erie to a straight line with Buffalo Creek E. E. to Main, SECOND WAED— Bounded by Main, Perry, Babcock, Seneca to Main. THIED WAED— Bounded by Main, Seneca, Babcock, Clinton, Fill- more, Eagle to M!ain. FOUETH WAED— Bounded by Bab- cock, Perry, Buffalo Creek E. E. following a straight line to L. Erie, City Line, Clinton to Bab- cock. FIFTH WAED— Bounded by Main, Eagle, Pine, William, Bennett, Ash, Genesee, Michigan, Goodell to Main. SIXTH WAED— Bounded by Ben- nett, William, Pine, Eagle, Madi- son, Broadway to Bennett. SEVENTH WAED— Bounded by Madison, Eagle, Smith, Broadway to Madison. EIGHTH WAED — Bounded by Smith, Eagle, Fillmore, William, Melbourne, Broadway, N. Y. C. Belt Line, Stanislaus, Beck, Broad- way to Smith. NINTH WAED— Bounded by Mel- bourne, William, Fillmore, Clinton, City Line, Broadway to Melbourne. TENTH WAED— Bounded by Ash, Broadway, Sherman, Genesee to Ash. ELEVENTH WAED— Bounded by Sherman, Broadway, Beck, Stani- slaus, N. Y. C. Belt Line, Walden, Best, Herman, Genesee to Sher- man. ^ i TWELFTH WAED— Bounded by G rider, Ferry, N. Y. C. Belt Line, Broadway, City Line, Delavan to Grider. THIETEENTH WAED— Bounded by Main, Goodell, Michigan, Genesee, Hickory, Cherry, Locust, North to Main. FOUETEENTH WAED— Bounded by Locust, Cherry, Hickory, Genesee, Herman, Best, Jefferson, North to Locust. FIFTEENTH WAED— Bounded by Main, North, Jefferson, Delavan to Main. SIXTEENTH WAED— Bounded by Jefferson, Best, Walden, N. Y. C. Belt Line, Ferry, Grider, Delavan to Jefferson. SEVENTEENTH WAED— Bounded by Delavan to City Line, follow- ing City Line to Delaware, Scaja- quada creek, Main to Delavan. EIGHTEENTH WAED— Bounded by Delaware, Seajaquada creek, Niag- ara river, north City Line, Seaja- quada creek. NINETEENTH WAED— Bounded by Seajaquada creek to Niagara river, around Squaw Hand to Del- avan, Main to Seajaquada creek. TWENTIETH WAED— Bounded by Main, Ferry, Hampshire, Albany, Niagara river, Delavan to Main. TWENTY-FIEST WAED— Bounded by Main, North, Eichmond, Con- necticut, Fifteenth, Hampshire, Ferry to Main. TWENTY-SECOND WAED— Bound- ed by Eichmond, York, Porter, Niagara river, Albany, Hamp- shire, Fifteenth, Connecticut to Eichmond. TWENTY-THIED WAED— Bounded by Main, Tupper, Twelfth, Mary- land, Cottage, Plymouth, York, Eichmond, North to Main. 151 TWENTY-FOUETH WAED— Bound- ed by Main, Niagara, Wilkeson, Seventh, Porter, York, Plymouth, Cottage, Maryland, Twelfth, Tup- per to Main. TWENTY-FIFTH WAED— Bounded by Main, Buffalo river, L. Erie, Porter, Seventh, Wilkeson, Niag- ara to Main. Poor, Department of. — The Over- seer of the Poor is elected by the people for a term of 4 years. He has charge of all expenditures of city money for the relief of the poor, and except in emergencies he is required to investigate all applica- tions before giving aid. The relief given may consist of orders for fuel, provisions or medicines and medical treatment at the homes of the sick poor or in hospitals. The present overseer is Louis J. Kengott and his office is at 44 W. Swan st. Port Dalhousie, Ont., is a port on L. Ontario at the northern end of the Welland canal. It has ship- building and other industries. Popu- lation 1,125, in 1901. Beached by Grand Trunk railroad or by Niagara and St. Catherine 's electric cars. Post Office. — The general post office ocupies the ground floor of the Federal Building at EUicott and E. Swan sts. There are entrances on all four sides of the building. The divisions of the office most visited by the public open from a corridor, which runs around three sides. The large working room in the central part of this floor, where mail mat- ter is sorted and delivered or dis- pateht, measures 117 by 184 feet. The General Delivery windows for men and for women face the west- ern or main entrance. They are open the whole 24 hours of every day. Next to the left is the Inform- ation and Weighing window, which is open from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m. Be- yond this are the drop boxes for depositing out-going mail, which are accessible at all times. Opposit the drop boxes, on the outer side of the corridor, is the Money Order divis- ion, where orders are issued from 9 a .m. to 9 p. m. and orders are paid from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. It is not open on Sunday or holidays. Around the corner on the north side of the building, and also on the outer side of the corridor, are the Stamp Division, open from 7 a. m. to 11 p. m., Sunday and holidays from 9 a. m. to 12 m., the Cashier's office and the Eegistry division, the latter open from 8 a. m. to 11 p. m., Sun- day and holidays from 10 to 11.30 a. m. To the right from the General Delivery windows is the Advertised Mail window, next is the Box divi- sion window and then come the 1,000 lock boxes, extending around the corner and down the greater part of the south side of the office. Opposit where the boxes begin, on the outer side of the corridor, is the Inquiry division, open from 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. In the southwest corner of the building are the offices of the Postmaster, his Secretary and the Assistant Postmaster, and around on the south side are the rooms of the Supt. of Mails and the Supt. of De- livery. On the south corridor, be- yond the main section of lock boxes, is a row of carriers' windows, where persons who have their mail deliverd by carrier on week days can call for it on Sunday, between 10 and 11:30 a. m. Mail in bulk is receivd and dis- patcht at the eastern entrance open- ing upon a drive-way that runs from Swan to S. Division st. There are stations of the Buffalo post office, . at which mail is sorted and sent out for delivery by car- riers, and both domestic and inter- 152 ■ national money orders are issued, at the following locations: Station. A. 799 William st. B. 71 Forest av. C. 1417 Main st. D. 755 Seneca st. E. E. Genesee and Davis sts. in 1812 and scatterd by the burning of the village the next year, this society was reorganized in 1815, and became the First Presbyterian Church. Its earliest house of wor- ship was erected at Main and Niag- ara sts., where the Erie County Bank now stands. A tablet in the vesti- FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Lackawanna. There are also 65 sub-stations in stores all over the city, at which stamps are sold, letters and pack- ages are registerd and domestic money orders are issued. Interna- tional money orders are issued at Nos. 3, 15, 36, and 61. A full list of the sub-stations will be found in the city directory. Presbyterian Churches. — The Pres- byterian denomination was the first to have a society in Buffalo. .Formd bule of the south entrance to the bank building bears this inscription: ''On this site Hhe first Presbyter- ian society of the town of Buffalo' organized February second, 1812, the first church organization in the city, erected in 1823 a church edifice; in 1827 it dedicated a second and more substantial structure in which it worshipped until 1891 when it moved to the Circle. Erected by the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association, 1907." 153 The present tome of the First Church faces on The Circle, between Pennsylvania and Wadsworth sts. It was built in 1890, of Medina s^and- stone, and may be recognized from a distance by its tall square tower. The following is a list of all the Presbyterian churches in the city: BETHANY— Fifteenth st., near Ver- mont. BETHESDA— Stanton st. BETHLEHEM— Hoyt and Bird sts. CALVAEY— Delaware av. near Tup- per st. CENTEAL— Genesee and Pearl sts. CHUECH OF THE COVENANT-- 1531 Michigan st. EAST— 509 S. Division st. FTEST — Pennsylvania and Wads- LAFAYETTE AVENUE— 845 Elm- wood av. LEBANON— -Fillmore and Sycamore sts NOETH— Delaware av. and W. Utiea St. PAEK — Crescent av. and Elam pi. SOUTH — Seneca and Juniata sts. WALDEN AVENUE— Walden av. and May st. WEST AVENUE— Ferry st. and W^est av WESTMINSTEE — Delaware av. near Summer st. Public Works, Department of,— About one-third of the current dis- bursements of the city is made thru this department. At its head is a commissioner elected for a term of 4 years. The work of the depart- ment is divided among 4 bureaus, each in charge of a deputy commis- sioner appointed by the Commis- sioner of Public Works. These are the Bureau of Engineering, the Water Bureau, the Bureau of Build- ing and Bureau of Streets, which are described separately. The pres- ent commissioner is Francis G. Ward. Q Queenston, Out., is a town on the Canadian side of the Niagara river, at the lower end of the Gorge. Eeached by Michigan Central rail- road or by Niagara Belt line elec- tric cars. Steamers from Toronto come up the river to this point. Here and on the bights south of the town; a battle was fought in the War of 1812. (See Brock's Monument.) ^ 154 R Bailroads.-^-^Owing to its position at the chief eastern terminus of Great Lakes navigation, and to its large number of factories, which draw in vast quantities of raw ma- terials and distribute a correspond- ing volume of finisht products, Buf- falo has become one of the most im- portant railroad centers in America. So much rolling stock is required to transport the freight and passengers that enter and leave the city that several of the companies have found it advisable to establish large shops for building and repairing cars and locomotives in the near vicinity. The roads entering BufiEalo are so groupt by community of interest that four passenger depots accomo- date them all, and they also com- bine in the use of freight depots. The passenger depots are the Central on Exchange st. near Ellicott st., the Erie at Exchange and Michigan sts., the Lackawanna at the foot of Main St., and the Lehigh on Washington st. below Exchange st. Each road has a city ticket office in additifp to the one in the depot, and some west- ern roads connecting with those that enter Buffalo also have a ticket agency here. The following list gives the passenger depot of each road, the location of its city ticket office, and the location of its freight depot. (See also Street Railways.) BELT LINE. Depot, CENTEAL* BIG FOUR ROUTE. See C, C, C. & St. L. BOSTON" & ALBANY. Tickets, 377 Main st. BUFFALO, ROCHESTER & PITTS- BURG. Depot, CENTRAL; tickets 305 Main st.; freight, Ganson st. *See separate article. BUFFALO & SUSQUEHANNA. Depot, CENTRAL; freight, Seneca and Hamburg sts. BURLINGTON ROUTE. See C, B. & Q. CANADIAN PACIFIC. Depot, CENTRAL; tickets, 233 Main st.; freight, Erie st. CHICAGO & ALTON. Tickets, 305 Main st. CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN. Tickets, 301 Main st, CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY. Tickets, 299 Main st. CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL. Tickets, 303 Main st. CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACI- FIC. Tickets, 297 Main st. CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, CHI- CAGO & ST. LOUIS. Tickets, 377 Main st. CLOVER LEAF. See C. & A. DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN. Depot,. LACKA- WANNA; tickets, 289 Main st.; freight, foot of Main st, ERIE. See N. Y., L. E. & W. GRAND TRUNK. Depots, LEHIGH and CENTRAL; tickets, 285 Main St.; freight, Erie st. GREAT NORTHERN. Tickets, 299 Main st. ILLINOIS CENTRAL. Tickets, 305 Main st. LACKAWANNA. See D., L. & W. LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN. Depot, CENTRAL; tickets, 377 Main st.; freight, Louisiana and Exchange sts. LEHIGH VALLEY. Depot, LE- HIGH; tickets, 369 Main st.; freight, Scott st. MICHIGAN CENTRAL. Depot, CENTRAL; tickets, 377 Main st.; freight, Erie st. NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUD- SON RIVER. Depot, CENTRAL; tickets, 377 Main st.; freight, Car- roll and Michigan sts. NEW YORK, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS. Depot, ERIE; tickets, 155 291 Maiu st.; freight, TiOiiisiana and Exchange sts. NEW YORK, LAKE EEIE & WEST- ERN. Depot, ERIE; tickets, 309 Main st.; freight, Louisiana ana Exchange sts. NICKEL PLATE. See N. Y., C. & St. L. NORTHWESTERN. See C. & N. PENNSYLVANIA. Depot, CEN- TRAL; tickets, 307 Main st., freight, Louisiana and Carroll sts. ROCK ISLAND. See C, R. I. & P. RUTLAND. Tickets, 377 Main st. TORONTO, HAMILTON & BUF- FALO. Depot, CENTRAL; tickets 377 Main st. UNION PACIFIC. Tickets, 303 Main st. WABASH. Depot, ERIE; tickets, 287 Main st.; freight, Louisiana st. near viaduct. WEST SHORE. See N. Y. C. & H. R. Reservoir. — The high service res- ervoir, occupying the large block bounded by Dodge, Jefferson, Best and Masten sts., was completed in 1894. It has an area of 20.2 acres, and when fild to a depth of 30 feet contains 116,213,827 gallons, and the surface of the water is 113 feet above the surface of the Niagara river at the Inlet pier. Its name is the Prospect Reservoir. Riverside Park, containing 22 acres, lies on a bluff at the extreme northwest corner of the city, being separated from the Niagara river by Niagara st. and the Erie canal. It is a favorit place for | picnics of families and societes. This park has a dancing pavilion, where band con- certs are given, a shelter house and a wading pool about 200 feet long and 20 feet wide. Reached by Niag- ara-0'Neill st. cars. Roycroft Shop. — The most original and interesting industrial establish- ment in this vicinity, and doutless ill the whole country, is the shop of The Roycrofters, at East Aurora. It was started in 1896, when Elbert Hubbard bought the local printing office and began publishing his own writings. Other departmenrs have been added, until now the Shop does a large printing and publishing busi- ness, which includes issuing 3 maga- zines — Little Journeys, The Philis- tine and The Fra — it produces fine bookbindings in many styles, hand illuminated books, articles of mod- eld leather, furniture of simple, ar- tistic design, ornamental copper and iron work, and articles in clay and terra cotta. The Roycroft Shop and belongings represent an investment of about $300,000 and there are over 300 persons on its pay-roll. Several of the buildings have been construct- ed of field stones, collected from sur- rounding farms, and their pictur- esqueness is in keeping with the spirit of the whole enterprise. Mr. Hubbard has built up a large and successful business in a country vil- lage, using the talent and materials that were at hand. At the Roycroft Shoi\ country boys and girls have been given work at which they can earn their living and get -an educa- tion while doing it. Men and wo- men who have come to the Shop have been given a chance to do such work as they could do best, the workers in the several departments being taught and directed by able lieutenants, whom Mr. Hubbard has drawn around him. The Roycrofters have many opportunities for improvement, not the least of which is seeing and meeting talented yisitors and hearing some speak and others discourse music. About 25,000 persons visit the Shop each year, representing every State and Territory in the Union and every civilized country in the world. Under East Aurora the Roycroft Inn is described. 156 SBritJBh at the hurninj^ of Buffalo, Dec. .'iO-31, 1813. Erected by the Niagara Frontier Safe Deposit Vaults.— Four com- I-andmarks As«ocJationf 1902.'' panies in Buffalo provide fire-proof St. Joseph's Cathedral, with the and burj^lar-proof vaults for the stor- adjoining Rectory and Chapel-of- age of valuables. Boxes of different Ease, occupies nearly half of the sizes, for pjapers and small articles, block bounded by Church, Franklin are rented for $o a year and upward, and .Swan sts. and the Terrace. It is and storage vaults are also 7>rovided a grey stone Gothic structure of for chests, pictures^ etc. The com- beautiful proportions, and is con- panies are: siderd the masterwork of its archi- BUFFALO LOAX, TRUST AND tect Patrick C.Keeley, a disciple of SAFE DEPOSIT CO., 449 Main st. *^^/^"!'^"^ V^!°' MANUFACTURERS AND TRAD- The Cathedral was begun in 1851, ERS BANK, 270-72 Main st.* ^taS'^^ZV'' ^^"^ 'T^ consecrated m MARINE BANK, 220 Main st. J^tfhf tZ \CT' '' '* I •"' i,. .!.,.' the remarkable carillon of fortv- Elhcott Square.* three bells made by Bollee & Son of St. Catharines, Out.— A city and ^^^ns, France, and exhibited by them county seat on the Welland canal. 12 »* the Paris Exposition of 1866, miles northwest of Niagara Falls, wh'^re they were purchased by the Reached from Niagara Falls, N. Y., f^*- ^''-^- •^'^h" Timon, first Bishop of bv Grand Trunk railroad or by elec- Buffalo. It is the largest carillon in trie cars. It is celebrated for its America and the third largest in the mineral springs. The Bishop Ridlev world. The bells are operated by College is loc^i.ted herr^ and it has ^" electrical apparatus installd by extensive shipyards, factories and ^- ^- "^'^"''•''^ '^^ this city, the key- machine shops. Population 9,946 in ^^''^^'"'^ ^''^'"^ placed in the Rectory. 19r)i_ The magnificent ''Centennial" organ, built by Hook & FTastings for St. John House. — Only two houses the Philadelphia Exposition in 1876, within the present extent of the city was purchased for, and erected in of BuflFalo esca^^ed destruction by the the Cathedral in 1877. British and Indians in their retalia- The fine sanctuary windows came tory raid of Dec. 30, 1813. One of from Munich and were the gift of these was several miles north of the a member of the Royal farnily of then existing village and the other Bavaria. The remaining windows stood on part of the site now occu- produced by the Tyrolese Art Glass pied by the H. A. Meldrum Co., 460- Co. of Innsbruch. are so well de- 70 Main st. The latter was occupied veloped in every detail that a study at the time by the widow and '^hil- of them alone would sufiaciently com- dren of Gamaliel St. John and its pensate a visit. location has been markt with a tablet Underneath the altar in the north bearing this inscription: transept is the entire body of one of "The site of the St. John house, the child-martyrs of the second cen- the only dwelling spared by the tury, 7>reserved in wax. On request of Bisho^j Timon. in the year 18o9, *8ee separate article. Cardinal Fransoni sent the precious relic together with the original slab the implements of the Crucifixion, found in the Catacombs, to the Ca- contains a relic of the true Cross, thedral of Buffalo. The slab reads: Beneath the altar of St. Anthony, in "B. P. PEREGRIN. ES XII. KAL the south transept, is a representa- MARTIAS. Q VIXIT M G", which tion of Christ in the Holy Sepulchre. ST. JOSEPH'S CATHEDRAL means the record of death of a child, Divine Service is held in the Cathe- a stranger or unknown by name to dral at 6, 8, 9.15 and 10.30 a. m., and the Christians who buried it, and at 3.30 and 7.30 p. m. on Sunday; about six months old, at 6 and 9.30 a. m. on holy-days, also The great boss at the junction of at 7.30 p. m. on the first Friday of the groinings of nave, transept and every month and Tuesday evenings sanctuary, bearing the impression of thruout the year. On the great 158 o o r r m O > H m z H C H m 159 feasts of the Church the ceremonies dent is sent to his parents. The are very carefully and fully carrid first term begins on the first Tues- out. The Cathedral celebrated its day of September and ends January Golden Jubilee in 1905. 31st. The second begins February 1st and ends on Tuesday in the St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute.— fourth week of June. The entrance 1238 Main st., Buffalo, is a select examinations take place on the Mon- day and boarding school conducted day preceding the day of opening by the Brothers of the Christian The institute has accommodations Schools. This institution was found- for a limited number of boarders. ed in 1861, and incorporated by the „.._,, ^, , ^, -,. . j^-, Kegents of the State of New York. , St. Paul's Church.— Standing in the It is centrally situated in one of the business center of the city like old most select locations of the city of Trinity m New York, is St Paul s Buffalo, and is easy of access from Church, the pro-cathedral of the Prot- all parts of the eitv estant Episcopal diocese of Western The institute consists of three de- ^^^ Y^^^' ^* ^%^ ^7\* \^ ^^^VS"^ partments - academic, commercial ?.f ^^f '-^ triangular lot bounded by and preparatory. Students complet- ^V^^^?' ^"^ and Pearl sts. Its ma - ing the academic course are admitted ^^''^} '^ '^^ sandstone, which is dark^ without further examination to the ??^ ^7 the floating dust and soot of State normal colleges, to the study of *^^ .^'l' ^^^ architecture is early law, medicine, dentistry, engineering, ^^f^^^^ ^''^^'X ^f '\ '^ considerd or,^ f« fi,« nr^ii^r..^ ^loccf^^ ^4! +V, ' to bc ouc of tho fincst examples of and to tne college classes or the van- , , ■ , i • * • mi ^110 ,-,r,T.ro,.c,u4^? ^-p +1,-^ J 4-1, that style m America. The spire ous universities or this and other -, .-u ^ x. *. States, where Eegents' credentials "\^' ^P%%*ii%^','*%^, '^^"^^1*'' are honord. The commercial course ^ ^^,^^* °^2^,^/f J; ^*- f^^^^ ^,iif«^ will adequately equip any young man a chime of 10 bells, cast m 1856, for the highest positions in commer- !^J"«^ ^^^ ^^^^§' T7.'^%^t I'^'^X cial enterprises. The course may be ^^'onQl^''^^'''5 1^ \^ tT^ completed in four years. The gradu- ^n 1908 by Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Hutch- ates have little difficulty in finding ?"«^"' ^^l ^i^\^* .^^^ Hope-Jones and employment, as applications are fre ^^ ^ ^T "tl \^/*^"ff^^*- ^.^ . quently made to the institute. Boys 9^^,*\^ ,^^^*^ ^^^^ol the edifice is who desire to prepare for the aca- ^ *^^^®* bearing this inscription: demic or commercial departments ' ' ^P^^ ^^^^ ^^t® ^^^ ^^^^t i° ^^^^ are receivd into the preparatory de- ^^i"* Paul's Episcopal Church, the partment. ^x'sX permanent church edifice erected It is the aim of the Christian j^ Buffalo. It was removed in 1850 Brothers to form the characters of \ «^^^^ ^^^"^ ^^^ *^® present stone their pupils, and to give them such church. a "thoro Christian and liberal train- This site was given by the Holland ing as will fit them for the practical Land Company to Saint Paul 's duties of life. A strict account is Church, and was the first land owned taken of all class work and reports i^^ Buffalo by a religious organiza- are renderd weeklv. Eeports are tion. read before the professors and stu- Erected by the Niagara Frontier dents, and are commented upon by Landmarks Association, 1907." the director. A quarterly report of Five services are held at St. Paul 's the work and standing of each stu- on Sunday, a noon-day service week- 160 ST. PAUL'S CHURCH 161 days and one at 11 a, m. on Thurs- Scajaquada Creek enters the city days and holy days. Opposit the from the east, a little south of the church at 128 Pearl st, is the Parish line of Ferry st., runs in a general House, used for meetings of societies northwest direction across the city and clubs of the parish, for social and joins the Niagara river opposit gatherings, industrial classes, etc. It Squaw Hand. It passes thru Forest stands on the site of the rectory Lawn Cemetery and Delaware Park, which was the home of Dr. "William and has been made to add attractive- Shelfbn, rector of St. Paul's from ness to the landscape in both of those 1829 to 1881. There is a very full enclosures. Paul?Chuic^h,'brC^^ Schlosser's Landing, on the Niag^ continued by Dr. and Mrs. G. Hunter ^^^ "^^^ ^^ *¥, southeastern part of Bartlett present city oi Niagara Falls, „,.,_,, N. Y., was the upper end of the St. yincent's Technical School, postage around the Falls and rapids 1313 Mam St., Buffalo, has for its ggtablisht by the French in colonial purpose to give girls who are over 15 ^-^^g ^f^^^, Canada and the banks the opportunity of training m the ^^ ^^^^ Niagara river came under various trades open for women, which ^j^^ control of the British, they im- will enable them to enter the mdus- ^^^^^ ^^^ portage and built Fort trial field with enough skill and m- gghiosser at this point, in 1760. No telhgence to insure success. It is ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ remains, conducted by the Sisters of Charity. The curriculum of the school com- School Examiners. — There is a prises plain and fancy sewing, em- board of 5 School Examiners, ap- broidery, dressmaking, millinery, do- pointed by the mayor for terms of 5 mestic science and a commercial years, which holds all the examina- course. The time covering any one tions of applicants for positions as of the branches depends entirely on teachers in the city schools. Those the ability of the pupil. Each re- who pass one of these examinations spective course is finisht with a medal are put on an eligible list, from and a diploma. which the superintendent makes the Every attention is given to sani- appointments. The members of the tary regulations, of which the good board also inspect the public schools health of the pupils is the proof, and report upon their condition to The pupils enjoy the advantages of a the Common Council, gymnasium and a library ^^^ Parochial.-There are 64 Eeahzmg that the chief educa- parochial schools in Buffalo, attacht tion of woman is that which fits her f Catholic, Evangelical and Hebrew tor the duties and responsibilities of i i ^ i • 4. 4. i ^ ^n , ri ;3 • 4. J 1 • • i. churches, and having a total enroll- her God-appomted place m society, , ^' ^ j. oo nnn -i the institution gives special attention "^^^* °^ ^^«^^* ^^'^^^ P^P^^^' to the moral and intellectual train- Schools, Private. — A well balanced ing of the young girls placed in the mental, moral and fysical training — school. not a thin veneer of knowledge, and Orders are receivd for dressmak- accomplishments — is the aim of the ing, bridal trousseaus, embroidery, priA^ate schools of Buffalo. Their and millinery, and patrons may be pupils receive more individual at- sure of fine needlework and careful tention than is possible in a public fitting at moderate prices, school of 500 to 1,000 pupils, and 162 their results are tested each year by the successful entrance of many of their graduates into the best colleges in the land. A list follows: ACADEMY OF MOUNT ST. JO- SEPH, occupies two large buildings standing on a commanding site in ex- tensive and beautiful grounds at Main st. and Humboldt pky. It is a day school for girls, conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph, and it has a department for boys under 12 years. ACADEMY OF THE SACEED HEART, 749 Washington st., is a normal school for young ladies, in charge of the Sisters of St. Francis. It is authorized to confer diplomas, and many of its graduates are teach- ing in public and private schools in this city and elsewhere. The number of pupils is usually about 200. BUFFALO SEMINARY, Bidwell pky, and Potomac av., was incorpor- ated in '1851 and now occvipies a modern school building of white stone, erected for it in 1909. It is a school for girls, having about 150 pupils. ELMWOOD SCHOOL, 213 Bryant st. For girls and young boys. FRANKLIN SCHOOL, 146 Park st. Takes girls from the kindergar- ten up to entrance to college and boys thru the primary grades, pre- paring them to enter the Nichols School. Joseph D. Allen, head mas- ter. It has about 125 pupils. HEATHCOTE SCHOOL, 621-23 Delaware av. Takes boys of all ageg and prepares them for business, for college, or for any special career. Lester Wheeler, head master. HOLY ANGELS ACADEMY is the preparatory department of D'Youville College. NICHOLS SCHOOL, Amherst and Colvin sts. A college preparatory school for boys. Joseph D. Allen, head master.* ST. JOSEPH 'S COLLEGIATE IN- STITUTE, 1238 Main st., has both collegiate and commercial courses for boys.* ST. MARGARET'S SCHOOL, North and Franklin sts. For girls from the primary grades up to en- trance to college. Gives also a gen- eral course. Mrs. Helen H. Van Winkle, principal. Number of pu- pils about 100. ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, 135 Cleveland av., known to all old Buf- falonians as Miss Nardin's Acad- emy, was located for many years at Franklin and Church sts. It was incorporated in 1865 and is con- ducted by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary. It is a school for girls, having about 250 pupils, and its classes range from the kindergarten to the academic grades. ST. VINCENT'S TECHNICAL SCHOOL, 1313 Main St. For girls* Schools, Public. — The public schools of Buffalo compare well in efficiency with those of any other city in the United States. In them the pupil mav pass from the kinder- garten up thru the primary and grammar grades to the high school classes, which prepare for business, for the general affairs of life or for entrance to the best colleges in this countr)^ The first school house built in Buffalo stood at Pearl and W. Swan sts., where the Dun Bldg. now stands, and its location has been markt by a tablet with this inscrip- tion: ' ' On this site was Buffalo 's first school house, built 1807-8, destroyed Dec. 30, 1813, at the burning of the village by the British. *See separate article. 163 Erected by the Niagara Frontier Landmarks Association, 1902." From a gift by Barnabas H. Bren- nan, a fund of about $20,000 was es- tablisht in 1871, named in honor of Jesse Ketchum^ the income of which provides gold and silver medals for the highest ranking pupils each year in the highest two grades of each grammar school, in each high school and in the State Normal School in Buffalo. The names of the winners CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL, Court and Franklin sts.; 921 pupils. HASTEN PARK HIGH SCHOOL, Masten and Best sts,; 1,155 pupils. LAFAYETTE HIGH SCHOOL, Lafayette av. and Baynes st.; 1,507 pupils. TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL, Elm St. near Clinton; 428 pupils. No. 1. Seventh st., near Hudson, 1,388 pupils. MASTEN PARK HIGH SCHOOL are announced at the graduating ex- ercises of the several schools in June, and the medals are presented publicly in September. During the winter months two evening high schools and ten evening elementary schools are car rid on and several vacation schools of elemen- tary grade are open during part of the summer vacation. Following is a list of the schools, with their locritions and number of pupils, from a recent report of the superintendent of education: TEACHERS'^ TRAINING SCHOOL, in School No. 10, Delaware av. near Mohawk st.; 65 pupils. 2. Terrace, near Genesee st.; 1,589 pupils. ,3. Perry st., near Illinois; 667 pu- pils. 4, Elk St., near Louisiana; 843 pu- pils. 5. Seneca st., near Hydraulic; 570 pupils. ' 6. 249 S. Division st.; 929 pupils. 7. Bailey av. and Clinton st.; 1.148 pupils. 8. E. Htica and Masten sts.; 1,002 pupils. 9. Bailey av., near Doat st.; 1,591 pupils. 10. Delaware av,, near Mohawk st.; 499 pupils. 164 12. Spruce St., near Broadway; 824 26. Milton st., near Seneca; 974 pii- pupils. Pi^^-. _ . -, o, 13. Oak St., near Sycamore; 631 pu- 27. Mineral Spring rd., near Sener>.a pils. St.; 880 pupils. 1. -ri TV J. 17^ „ .^ /17A 28. Abbott rd. and Triangle St.; 1,031 14. Franklin st., near Edward; 4/6 ., *= P^P^^^- ., "29. South Park av., near Marilla St.; 15. Oak and Burton sts; 842 pupils. ^27 pupils. 16. Delaware av., near Bryant st.; 30. Louisiana st., near South;. 326 934 pupils. pupils. 17. Main st., near Delavan av.; 1,105 31. Emslie st., near William; 2,339 pupils. pupils. LAFAYETTE HIGH ISCHOOL 18. School St., near Fargo av.; 1,166 32. Cedar st., near Clinton; 1,299 pupils. pupils. 19. West and Delavan avs.; 1,242 33. Elk st., near Smith; 718 pupils. pupils. 34. Hamburg st., near O'Connell av.; 20. Amherst and East sts.; 544 pu- 795 pupils. pils. 35. Swan st., near Spring; 631 pupils. 21. Hertel av., near Delaware; 313 36. Cottage st., near Day 's Park; 648 pupils. pupils. 22. Huntington av., near Main; 476 37. Carlton and Peach sts.; 1,271 pu- pupils. pils. 23. Delavan av., near Wyoming st., 38. Vermont st. and Lowell pi.; 838 510 pupils. pupils. 24. Best St. and Fillmore av.; 1,566 39. High st., near Jefferson; 1,596 pupils. pupils. 25. Lewis st., near William; 605 pu- 40. Oneida st. and Fillmore av.; 756 pils. pupils. 165 41. 640 Jetferson st.; 845 pupils. 42. Military rd. and Clay st.; 550 pupils. 43. Lovejoy and Gold sts.; 1,478 pu- pils. 44. Broadway and Person st.; 1,981 pupils. 45. Auburn av. and Baynes st.; 1,006 pupils. 46. Edward and Virginia sts.; 365 pu- pils. 47. Hickory st., near Sycamore; 710 pupils. 48. Edna pL, near Hasten st.; 745 pupils. 49. Fargo av. and Vermont st.; 537 pupils. 50. Eagle st., near Madison; 651 pu- pils. 51. Hertel av. and Guernsey st.; 804 pupils. 52. Barry pi., near Bird av.; 1,221 pupils. 53. Winslow st. and Wohlers av.; 1,280 pupils. 54. Main st., opposit Leroy av.; 771 pupils. 55. Guilford st., near Sycamore; 1,260 pupils. 56. Elmwood av., near Ferry st.; 837 pupils. 57. Sears st., near Broadway; 1,480 pupils. 58. Eother av., near Walden av.; 1,737 pupils. 59. Glenwood av., near Fillmore av.; 955 pupils. 60. Ontario st., near Saratoga; 919 pupils. 61. Kensington and Leroy avs; 336 pupils. 62. Urban and Moselle sts.; 731 pupils. School of Practice, Jersey st., near Normal av.; 395 pupils. Truant School, Dole st., near Sen- eca St.; 138 pupils. The total of the above numbers of pupils is 62,157. Security ^afe Deposit Oompaiiy.-^ This Company occupies one fourth of the basement of Ellicott Square where it was establisht in Novem- ber, 1900, taking as its field the busi- ness of safeguarding valuables. Three distinct departments com- bine to make the institution one of the most interesting in or near Buf falo. The Safe Deposit department is conducted in the largest or so called ''Main Vault," which has a capacity of 500 individual safes, ranging in rental value from $5 to $150 per year, according to size. Four vaults are artificially refrig- erated for Cold Storage of furs, rugs, etc., and an average temperature of 18° F. is maintaind thruout the year. An expert furrier is in charge of all articles deposited in this de- partment, which is a guarantee that they will be properly cared for. Storage of silver, pictures, books, bric-a-brac and other valuables con- stitutes another department, which is cared for in two vaults especially designd and constructed for the pur- pose. Numerous small rooms, equipt with every facility for conducting private business, are devoted exclusively to the uses of customers. The beauty of the decorations and furnishings deserves special mention, for in spite of the massive steel doors and other evidences of strength and security necessary to an institution of this character, there prevails thru- out a blending of tone and color that is sof tend and enrichl by the lighting effects that complete a unit of har- mony. The vaults are reached by both elevator and stairs, and visitors' are welcome. The capital stock of the Company is $150,000. Following is a list of the officers and directors: President, George E. Teller; Vice-President, 166 RECEPTION ROOM OF THE"! SECURITY SAFE .DEPOSIT "CO. ENTRANCE TO MAIN VAULT John H. Baker; Secretary and Treas- urer, Kichard C. O'Keefe; Directors, John H. Baker, Walter P. Cooke, Charles W. Goodyear, William H. Gratwick, Darwin D. Martin, Jacob F. Schoellkopf, Carlton M. Smith, Carlton Sprague, George E. Teller, Harry T. Vars, Maurice M. Wall, Arnold B. Watson, Chas. E. Wilson. Seeing Buifalo. — In order to see the places of interest in a large city satisfactorily, the visitor needs a conveyance and a guide. Both of these are supplied in Buffalo by lines of large motor cars that run from Main and Swan or Main and Niagara sts.^ each in charge of a well posted conductor, who points out the interesting buildings and lo- calities in passing. The charge for each passenger is 50c.; time of trip about two hours. Within a stone's throw of the starting point are several notable structures — on the west side of Main st. stand two modern office buildings, the White Building and the Fidelity Building, while opposit them is the rectangular Ellicott Square, an office building covering a whole block. Near by are St. PauPs church (P. E.) and the Erie County Bank Build- ing, occupying triangles on the west side of Shelton sq. Across the street west of St. Paul 's rises the lofty dark red Prudential Building, in . the top of which is the local Weather Bureau office, and west of the Erie County Bank Building is the D. S. Morgan Building, with its conspicuous look- out tower. Going up Main st., the car passes large department stores, hotels, banks and office buildings. Two blocks above Shelton sq., on the right, is Lafayette Square — a. small park, in which stands the Sol- diers' Monument, and across it can be seen the Public Library and the Lafayette Hotel. Looking down Court St., on the left, the McKinley Monument is in plain view. Two blocks further on, where three streets cross, stands the broad domed granit Buffalo Savings Bank, and in the middle of the second block above that is the Invalid's Home, Dr. E. V. Pierce 's hospital. A little beyond, occupying two corners, on the left, are the Teck theater and St. Louis Catholic church, while between them may be seen, one block down Ed- ward St., the round brick tower of the Grosvenor Library. In High st., on the right^ is the medical depart- ment building of the University of Buffalo, and on the same grounds, but fronting on the next street, is the building of the dental depart- ment. Turning into North St., the car passes a succession of fine resi- dences and churches among which rises the lofty Lenox Hotel, and from The Circle continues on Porter av past Holy Angels' church and D'You- ville college. Next comes Prospect Place, a small park, at the north end of which stands the armory of the 74th Eegiment. At the foot of Por- ter av. is the park calld The Front, overlooking the Niagara river, and north of this is Fort Porter, where U. S. troops are constantly stationd, beyond which is the Pumping Station of the city water works. Passing thru Massachusetts and Eichmond avs., the car reaches Lincoln Park- way, from which a view of the State Hospital for the insane may be had, and then enters Delaware Park. Here the things of interest, in addi- tion to the beauties of nature, are the Albright Art Gallery, the His- torical Society's building, the statue of David, the bust of Mozart, the McMillan Memorial Fountain and the Zoological Garden. The return down town takes us past the beautiful Forest Lawn ceme- tery and down Delaware av., past man}^ handsome residences, club- 168 houses and churches, including sev- eral buildings of historic interest. Among these is the Milburn house, No. 1178, in which President McKin- ley died, the Wilcox house, No. 641, where President Roosevelt first took the oath of office, the ''cottage" ol Dr. Johnson, first Mayor of Buffalo, at the corner of Johnson pk., and the last residence of President Fillmore, now part of the Castle Inn. We have now reached Niagarn Square, in the center of which stands the lofty McKinley monument. Mak- ing a half circle around the square, we can see the Y. M. C. A. building, one block up Genesee st., the Cen- tral High School on the east side of the square, the Wilkeson house, dating from 1824, on the west side and the Women's Union on the south side. Turning into Niagara st., we see on the left the Masonic Temple and standing back to back with it is the Mutual Life building, fronting on Pearl st. Going down Franklin st. we pass the City and County Hall, an edifice of truly majestic beauty, the Municipal Building, St. Joseph's Cathedral (Catholic) and Police Headquarters. Coming out thru Seneca st. and turning up Main St., the tall white Chamber of Com- merce building attracts the eye, and several of the city's handsome and substantial bank iDuildings are past in reaching our starting point. x^fter getting a general view of the city in this way, visitors can go in a public carriage or automobile, or by street car, to the places that interest them most, and spend as much time as they wish to at each one. Outside of the district coverd by the motor cars, similar trips may be made by street cars, as follows: EOUTE NO. 1.— Take a Niagara st. car and get a transfer to Hertel av. Niagara st. is one of the old residence streets of Buffalo, and many of its spacious dwellings are still standing, sandwicht between factories and small stores. Most of these dwellings on the lower part of the street have been converted into boarding houses or public instiutions, but others, especially in the Prospect Hill section, are still occupied by private families. The large factories begin at about Maryland st. and among their products are wall paper, lithografs, aluminum castings, parts of automobiles and entire cars, pa- per boxes, tools, engines, gasolene motors, pianos, and acetylene genera- tors. At intervals along the street we see also large malt houses, brew- eries and lumber yards. Lying on both sides of the street, from Con- necticut st. to Vermont st., is Pros- ^\ect Place and looking across the greensward on the right, we see the buildings of D'Youville college. On the north side of Vermont st. stands the massive 74th Regiment Armory. At the junction of Niagara st. and Front av., is a. range light maintaind by the U. S. Lighthouse Bureau. Here also is a power station of the International Railway Co., where electric cables cross the river be- tween high towers and on one of the buildings is the tablet marking the site of Fort Tompkins. Above Ferry st., on the left, is the factory of the E. R. Thomas Motor Co. and on the same side, stretching from Forest av. to Bird av., is the exten- sive plant of the N. Y. Car Wheel Co. The car next crosses the bridge on which is the tablet commemorat- ing the battle of Black Rock. At the junction of Tonawanda st., Niagara st. bears to the northwest and then passes under two railroad bridges. Up to this point the Niagara Falls branch of the N. Y. Central railroad and the Erie canal have run paralel 169 between Niagara st. and the river, points of interest have been already both crost by frequent bridges. The mentiond. railroad now leaves the river by the EOUTE No. 2 — Take a Main st.- first of the two bridges over Niagara City Line car and get a transfer to St. and the second bridge is the ap- Hertel av. Main st. below North has proach to the International bridge, been described under the route of crossing the river. A short distance the motor cars. Between North and beyond, the car turns into Hertel av. Utica sts. the buildings of interest and at the corner of Tonawanda st. are the Holy Trinity Lutheran passengers change for the Hertel av. church on the left and Notre Dame car, (je Lourdes (French Catholic) church We are now about 4 miles from on the right. At a distance on the the City Hall and on this car we right can be seen the Masten Park ride for something over a mile to high school. Beyond these churches Elmwood av., passing on the way the are St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute great plants of the American Eadia- with its Alumni Hall, on the left, of- tor Co., the John Kam Malting Co., fice building of the Maccabees and the F. F. Dalley Co., making the the Frontier Hospital, with its red 2 in 1 shoe polish, and the Standard cross emblem, on the right. About Foundry Co. half a mile above Utica st. is the Taking the Elmwood av. car for Buffalo Hospital, conducted by the the return down town, we see a,n Sisters of Charity, on the south side automobile truck factory on the cor- of E. Delavan av. On the north side ner and soon pass the factories of of this avenue is Carnival Court, a the Century Telephone Construction favorit place of summer amusement, Co. and the Sherwood Manufacturing and on the west side of Main st. is Co., makers of brass fittings. Op- the handsome gateway of Forest posit is another big plant of the Lawn cemetery. A short distance .American Radiator Co., and that of further and we come to Mount St. the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Co., Joseph's Academy, on the left, at makers of the famous motor cars and the corner of Humboldt pky. and im- Pierce bicycles. The latter is one mediately beyond the Parkway we of the most modern and attractive pass in quick succession the Provi- of the great manufacturing plants of dence Retreat^ the Marine Hospital Buffalo. We soon leave the factory and Le Couteulx St. Mary's Deaf district and pass between Delaware and Dumb Institution. Above Jew- Park on the left, in which stand the ett av., one block east of Main st., Historical Society building and the can be seen the lithografie works of Albright Art Gallery, and the exten- the Graphic Arts Co, We now cross sive grounds of the State Hospital, a bridge over the deprest tracks of with its group of fine buildings, on the Belt Line railroad and shortly the right. For nearly two miles, pass tJie Strong Steel Foundry and from Forest av. to North st., the car the elevated demonstration line of runs thru the Elmwood district of the Automatic Transportation Co. We modern homes and stately churches, now leave the car at Hertel av. and Two blocks below North st., at the sr>o a little beyond, on the right, a corner of Virginia, is Convention long stone building, which is a Hall and opposit is the Buffalo Or- veneer factory. phan Asylum. We have now reached On the Hertel av. car, we have on the down town district, in which the our left the modern residence dis- 170 trict, known as Central Park, while tures near-by. Crossing the Buffalo on our rigJit is a prairie-like stretch river by a draw-bridge, we see on of open country, over which the the left the extensive works of the breezes sweep, broken only by an Buffalo Union Furnace Co. Crossing occasional dwelling. For three miles the City Ship canal, we turn south- we speed due west, crossing at in- ward on the Hamburg Turnpike and tervals Parkside av., Delaware av. have a delightful ride of nearly two and Elmwood av. and come to the miles along the shore of the lake, Military Koad, where we leave the with nothing to obstruct the view ca,r. Part of this ride has been de- over the water. Looking ahead we scribed in Eoute No. 1. see the works of the Buffalo and At this corner we can take one Susquehanna Steel Co., to the left, of the fast Niagara Falls cars for with a private canal giving freight- tne ride down town, but as this soon ers access to it from the lake, and turns into Eoute No. 1, let us, for to the right the immense plant of the the sake of variety, take a Grant st. Lackawanna Steel Co. car. Within a few blocks we cross After passing the city line, we the Belt Line tracks and pass the pay another 5c. fare and get a trans- Acme Steel and Iron Works, the fer to the Eidge Road, which is soon United Evangelical Cemetery, and reached. Here we get a car for the D. H. Stoll Co.'s machine works. South Park, which takes us past the We then cross Scajaquada creek and Moses Taylor hospital, built and sup- soon pass the Frontier Iron Works, ported by the Lackawanna Steel Co. at the corner of Letchworth st. For for its employees, the Limestone a considerable distance the car Hill group of small cemeteries and passes thru a district of small dwell- the office of the mayor and other of- ings and stores. Further down is the ficials of the little city of Lack"a- State Normal School, with its wanna. Leaving the car at S. Park grounds extending from York to Jer- av., we can visit St. John Protectory sey St., and after passing this we for boys, the orfan asylum of Our are quickly down town. Lady of Victory, Holy Cross Ceme- EOUTE No. 3.— Take a Steel Plant tery and South Park, all of which car at Washington and Clinton sts., are within a few steps of the cor- which passes by the rear of the Fed- ner. In the park is an immense con- eral Building, on Oak st., then turns servatory, containing a wonderful down E. Swan st., goes thru the collection of domestic and tropical freight house of the Buffalo & L. plants, and during the summer Erie Traction Co. and then climbs months large plantings can be seen the long Louisiana st. viaduct over in the open grouna. the broad belt of tracks of the Erie Next we take an Abbott or Fill- and Central railroads. Continuing more car and get a Cazenovia trans- past large boiler works and lumber fer. The ride up S. Park av. gives yards, the car skirts the Ohio Basin, us a view of the level South Buf- in which freight steamers lie at their falo district of small homes. Chang- wharves. The extensive factories of ing cars at Abbott rd, we have a the Barcalo Manufacturing Co., short ride out to Cazenovia Park—a makers of brass and iron beds, and pleasant spot that is being steadily the Eepublic Metal Ware Co. are improved. Leaving the park on the seen on the left, while gigantic grain northern side, a short walk brings elevators rise above all other strue- us to Seneca st., and we can then 171 walk three or four blocks on Buffam St. and take a look at the old Indian Mission house, standing corner-wise to the street, and the site of the In- dian cemetery opposit. Eeturning to Seneca st., we take a Seneca st. car going west and get a Fillmore av. transfer, A]3proach- ing the Buffalo river, we see, a short distance away on the right, the ex- tensive Snow Steam Pump Works and near it the large packing house of the H. A. Kamman Co. After crossing the river, we pass near the Buffalo Pottery, where high grades of ware are turud out, and the great hardwood lumber yards of Blakeslee, Perrin & Darling and the Buffalo Hardwood Lumber Co. Changing cars at the corner of Pillmore av., we soon pass the Arctic .Cold Storage warehouse and the Ni- agara Car Wheel Works, on the right, and the large packing house of the J. Bold Packing Co., on the left, at the corner of William st. On the next corner sta.nds St. Stanislaus' Catho- lic church, raising its beautiful twin stone towers high in air, and at Broadway the car stops between a branch of the Union Stock Yards bank, on the left, and the depart- ment store of AVeisseman & Eiss, on the right. We soon reach Humboldt park and ride half around it, lea,ving the car where it turns into Fillmore av. again. After taking a look at the park, we come out on the south side and take a Best st. car going west, get- ting a transfer to any connecting line, if desired. Within a few blocks we pa,ss the German R. C. Orphan Asylum, one block- away on the right, the Home of the Good Shepherd, in large enclosed grounds on the left, the Gerhard Lang brewery and the rrospect Eeservoir on the right, the 65th Eegt. Armory opposit the reser- voir and the Masteii Park high school in the next block. Turning down Elm St., the car takes us past the buildings of the Buffalo General Hos- pital on Goodrich st. and Higii st. and we see also on High st. the brew- ery of the Consumers' Brewing Co. Further down, Elm st. passes thru a district of planing mills, small fac- tories and stores. Shredded Wheat Co. — There is nothing more fascinating than to see how things are made, but very few manufacturers admit visitors to their plants, either from the real or fancied danger that the visitor will be injured by machinery, will learn trade secrets or distract the atten- tion or get in the way of employees. The Shredded Wheat Co., of Niag- ara Falls, however, earns the grati- tude of 100,000 visitors a year, by receiving them pleasantly and show- ing them thru its great cheerful factory, from roof to basement. The building is of yellow brick, 463 feet long, with six floors, and an electric sign on the roof proclaims it, in let- ters six feet high, ' ' The Home of Shredded Wheat. Visitors Welcome." There are 1,400 incandescent lights in this sign. The location of the plant is on Buffalo av., running from Fourth to Sixth st., and overlooking the Niagara river, just above the Rapids. It is less than half a mile from the Soldiers' Monument, and can be reached by Power Plant cars to Sixth st. The total cost of the plant and its equipment was two mil- lion dollars. Visitors are taken thru the build- ing by guides, who explain every process in the making of the famous Shredded Wheat Biscuits, from cleansing the grain to nailing up the cases by machinery. The liberal pro- visions made by the company for the health, comfort, and recreation of its 500 employees are also shown. The building is finisht in white enamel 172 and hardwood, the windows are large, numerous, and double glazed and every possible provision for light, air^ and cleanliness is made. There is an auditorium seating 1,000. where free entertainments are given to the employees. Charitable socie- ties are a.llowd to use it to raise funds for their work and conventions are sometimes held there. Every day 2,500 bushels of wheat are used in making the natural food products. Every day a million and a half Shredded Wheat Biscuit are turnd out, also more than three hundred thousand Triscuit, and the company has recently begun making Choconel, a cereal food of wheat flavord witli chocolate. About thirty-five minutes are re- quired to go thru the building, and after inhaling the aroma from the trays of crisp delicately brown bis- cuit fresh fronl the ovens, the visitor is glad to accept an invitation to a dainty demonstration lunch served at tables in the reception room on the ground floor. All is free. The ma- chinery is not in operation between 12 and 1, so visitors should plan to come at other hours. Silk Stores, see Miller's Silk Shop. Silver Creek is a village on the shore of L. Erie, 32 miles southwest of Buffalo. Eeached by Lake Shore, Pennsylvania or N. Y., Chicago & St. Louis railroad; fare 82c., round trip $1.55. Also by Buffalo & L. Erie electric cars; fare 65c., round trip $1.10. Sloan is a factory village adjoining Buffalo on the east. It is reached by the Lackawanna railroad, which has car shops here, close to its East Buf- falo station; also by Lancaster or William st. electric cars. Societies. — The number of societies in Buffalo organized for social, bene- volent, literary, patriotic, commercial and other purposes is legion. A very satisfactory list will be found in the city directory, occupying 29 pages. South Park is at the extreme south- ern end of the city and is reached by Abbott, Jefferson st. or Buffalo & L. Erie cars. It contains 155 acres, of which about 30 acres is occupied by a. lake. This is a comparatively new park, and its shade trees are not fully grown. Its chief attrac- tion is a botanical conservatory con- taining a wonderful variety of plants, which is well worth visiting. It is open Sundays. Part of the park is planted also as a. botanical garden. Stationery, see Vosburgh & Whiting Co. Steamboats. — Buffalo is the eastern terminal of an immense freight traf- fic carrid on by steamers over the waters of the great lakes. There are also several passenger lines running from this city, which afford most agreeable routes for reaching Erie, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Sault Ste. Marie, Duluth and other lake ports during the summer and autum. The following are the passenger lines: CLEVELAND AND BUFFALO TRANSIT CO., Ohio and Illinois sts. For (Cleveland, daily at 9 p. m. For Erie and Cleveland, every other day at 3:30 p. m. Ticket offices, at 305, 289 and 377 Main st. Season from June 1st to Dec. 1st. DETROIT AND BUFFALO LINE, Ohio St., near foot of Main. For De- troit, Port Huron, Goderich. Bay City, Alpena, Mackinac Island and other ports, week days at 6 p. m., Sunday and holidays at 5.30 p. m. Season from May 1st to November 1st. ERIE AND WESTERN TRANS- PORTATION CO. (Anchor Line), foot of Evans st. For Erie, Cleve- land, Detroit, Port Huron, Sault Ste. 173 < O H < > CO Z o u 174 Marie, Duluth and other lake ports, twice a week during, June July, August and September. NOETHERN STEAMSHIP CO., foot of Main st. For Cleveland, De- troit, Mackinac Island, Harbor Springs, Milwaukee and Chicago, Wednesday at 9 p. m. For Cleve- land, Detroit, Mackinac Island, Sault Ste. Marie, Houghton and Du- luth, Saturday at 9 p. m. Season from about June 20th to Sept. 1st. Stock Yards, see Live StocV. Street Directory. — The following list gives the points at which every street begins and ends and the di- rection in which it runs. If the street is over half a mile long, the number at the corner of a cross street is given about once in half a. mile (264 numbers). The end of the street named first is always the one at which the numbering begins. The word ''street^' is omitted from all names; other designations are abbreviated as fol- lows, but never omitted: av. for avenue, sq. for square, pky. for park- way, bvd. for boulevard, rd. for road, pi. for place and al. for alley. This list is abridged from the Buffalo Directory by permission of The Courier Company. A, east from 1013 Fillmore av. to 256 Mills. Abbotsford Place, north from 414 Bird av. to 411 Forest av. Abbott Road, south-east from 585 Elk to city line. 223 Smith. 569 Abby. 790 Bailey av. 955 South Park av. 1364 Cazenovia. 1457 Potters Corners rd. 1794 Gushing. 1990 Dorrance av. Abby, north from 594 Tifft to 569 Abbott rd. 248 Beacon. 407 Abbott rd. Abel Avenue, north from Griswold to 339 Dingens. Ada Place, north from 14 Lyth av., west of Jeffer- son. Adams, north from 642 Eagle to 689 Genesee. 277 Peckham. 510 Sycamore. Addison Alley, east from 215 Bond to 236 Lord. Adeptus Ayenue, east from 3381 Bailey av. to Eg- gert rd. Agassiz Place, W. Humboldt pky. and Parkside av. Alabama, north from Buf- falo river to 481 Seneca. 261 Elk. 500 Seneca. Alamo Place, north from 213 Triangle to 881 Ab- bott rd. Alaska Alley, south from 43 E. Chippewa to Seward al. Albany, east from Erie canal to 230 Hampshire. 238 Hampshire. Albermarle, north-west from 28 Doyle av. to 386 O'Neil Albert Avenue, north-west from 271 Ontario to 184 Rano. Alden Avenue, north from 120 Chaucer to 680 Ken- more av. Aldrich Place, east from 27 South Park av. to South Side pky. Alexander Place, north from 240 E. Ferry to Lyth av. Algonquin, east from 2261 Delaware av. to Fairchild Pl. Allegany, north from Tifft to Folger. Allen, west from 940 Main to 1 Wadsworth. 262 Day's Park. Alsace Avenue, south-west from 1300 Abbott rd. to 524 South Side pky. Alton Avenue, north from 988 Hertel av. to 60 Olive. Altruria, west from 729 South Park av. Alvin Avenue, east from 3100 Main to city line. 375 Bailey av. 175 Alwin, east from 51 Durren- berger pl. to Johnson. Amber, west from 661 South Park av. to 262 Hopkins. Amelia, east from 264 Abby to 388 Germania. Amherst, east from Erie canal, at Black Rock, to Kensington av. 278 Military rd. 504 Bush. 698 Elmwood av. 988 Delaware av. 1302 Colvin. 1530 Summit av. 1788 Main. 2170 Clyde. 2229 Park Ridge av. 2559 Kensington av. Amity, east from 20 Quincy av. to Deshler. Amos Place, south from 1553 Kenmore av. Am.sterdam Avenue, north from 694 E. Delavan av. Anderson Alley, west from Emslie to Grosvenor. Anderson Place, east from 355 Richmond av. to 28 Atlantic. 245 Atlantic. Angle, north from 217 Mer- rimac to 280 Heath. Ann, west from 200 Ter- race to Stevens. Ansteth, west from 501 Mil- itary rd. to N. Y. Central tracks. Antwerp, east from 2081 Bailey av. to 22 Warring. Appenheimer Avenue, east from 1809 Fillmore av. to 145 Chelsea pi. Archer Avenue, north-east from 1571 Seneca to 44 Littell. Argus, north from 267 Es- ser av. to 255 O'Neil. Argyl© Park, north from 631 Delavan av. to Potomac av. Arizona, west from 418 Mil- itary rd. to N. Y. Central tracks. Arkansas, east from 887 West av. to 318 Hamp- shire. Arlington Place, north from 65 Wadsworth to 294 North, and east to 150 College. Armbruster, south from 1567 Broadway to N. Y. Central junction. Armin Place, north from 1874 Seneca. Arnold, east from 79 Grant to 21 Hoyt. Arsenal Place (formerly Gay), east from 487 Michigan to 34 Potter. Arthur, east from 2158 Ni- agara to 608 Tonawanda. Asbury Alley, north from 43 W. Huron to rear of 460 Pearl. Ash, north from 272 Broad- way to 257 Genesee. Ashland Avenue, north from 273 Summer to 541 W. Delavan av. 231 W. Utica. 500 Auburn a v. 617 Delavan av. Ashley, east from 435 Cur- tiss to 10 Deshler. 272 Deshler. Athol, north-east from 951 Abbott rd. to Cazenovia creek. Atlantic, north from 155 W. Utica to 97 Lexington av. Auburn Avenue, east from Erie canal to 1244 Dela- ware av. 270 Grant. 501 Richmond av. 629 Elmwood av. 864 Delaware av. Auchinvole, east from 169 Herkimer to 140 Grant. Audubon Place, junction of Virgil av. Augusta, south from 109 Downing to 36 Hulbert. Aurora, west from 475 Ohio to Buffalo river. Austin, east from Erie canal to 168 Military rd. 175 Tonawanda. 360 Military rd. Avery Avenue, west from 2535 Delaware av. Avon Place, north-east from 1695 Seneca to Buffalo river. Avondale Place, north-east from 1735 Seneca to Buf- falo creek. B, east from 967 Fillmore av. to 225 Mills. Babcock, north from 336 Prenatt to 1161 William. 225 Seneca. 451 Clinton. 653 Howard. 817 William. Bailey Avenue, north from 790 Abbott rd. to city line. 255 Buffalo creek. 622 Clinton. 781 Cherokee pi. 1118 William. 1299 Lovejoy. 1559 Broadway. 1711 West Shore. 2029 Doat. 2208 E. Ferry. 2496 E. Delavan av. 2780 Warwick av. 3046 Kensington av. 3243 E. Hertel av. 3472 City line. Baitz Avenue, north from 118 Dorothy av. to 80 Manitoba. Baker, east from Ann to Erie canal. Balcom, west from 1630 Main to 557 Linwood av. Balcom, east from 1631 Main to 49 Masten. Baltic Place, east from 9 Bond to Lord. Bank, The, Front av. and Massachusetts av. Bank Place, north-west from 55 Jordan pi. to Buffalo creek. Baraga, east from Buffalo Southern Ry. to Hopkins. 335 Hopkins. Barcher Place, east from 239 Englewood to 128 Montrose av. Bardol, east from 58 E. Parade av. to Kehr. Barker, west from 1210 Main to 829 Delaware av. 176 Barnard, north from Buf- falo creek to 70 Griswold. 131 Casimir. 356 Griswold. Barnett Place, west from 2414 Bailey av. to D., L. & W. tracks., Barry Place, north from 282 Bird av. to 279 Forest av. Barthel, north from 235 Walden av. to 311 Urban. Barton, north from 178 Al- bany to 112 Lafayette av. 261 Lafayette av. Bass Place, west from 46 Emslie to N. Y. Central tracks. Baxter, north from 150 Es- ser av. to 148 O'Neil. Bayard, east from Babcock to Lester. Baynes, north from 400 W. Ferry to 380 Forest av. 239 Delavan av. 445 Forest av. Beacon, east from Buffalo Southern Ry. to Hopkins. 350 Hopkins. Beale, south from Waldron to Densmore. Bean Alley, north from 73 W. Mohawk to 64 W. Huron. Beard Avenue, east from 31 Starin av. to Parker av. then north from 66 Par- ker av. to 1030 Hertel av. 128 Parker av. 257 Depew av. 380 Hertel av. Beatrice Avenue, north from 458 Ontario to 264 Esser. Beaver, north from 38 Perry to 37 Scott. Beck, north from 1012 Broadway to 47 Stanis- laus. Becker, west from 35 Abby to South Buffalo Ry. Beckwith, east from 461 Sycamore to 478 Adams. Beech, north from 970 Vir- ginia to 381 Carlton. Behrends, west from 527 Military rd. to N. Y. Cen- tral tracks. Bell, east from Buffalo Southern Ry. to Hopkins. 335 Hopkins. Belmont, north-west from 59 Doyle av. to 435 O'Neil. Benders Avenue, south from 1025 Clinton. Bennett, north from 146 William to 271 Broadway. Bennett, East. See East Bennett. Bennett, West. See West Bennett. Benzinger, north from 1618 William to 1836 Broad- way. 278 Vanderbilt. 450 King. Berea, east from Bailey av. to Suffolk. Bergtold, east from 50 Laux to 509 Babcock. Berkley Place, north from 798 Bird av. to Delaware Park. Berlin, north from 460 High to 414 Northampton. 258 Northampton. Berrick Alley, north from 142 Seneca to 171 Swan. Bertha, north from 640 Ab- bott road to Buffalo creek. Best, east from 1119 Main to 1132 Genesee. 225 Hasten. 513 Roehrer. 780 Fillmore av. Beyer Place, south-east from Cazenovia Pk. to Wildwood pi. Bidwell Parkway, north-east from Colonial place to Soldiers' pi. 233 Soldiers' pi. Bidwell Place (changed to Colonial place). Bills Place, south from E. Delavan av. Bingham, east from Erie canal to 156 Church. Bird Avenue, east from Erie canal to 1538 Delaware av. 247 Grant. 520 N. Norwood av. 726 Windsor av. 835 Delaware av. Birdsall, north-east from 62 Mechanic to 128 Church. Bismarck, east from 526 New South Ogden to city line. Bissell Avenue, north from 341 Walden av. to 1100 E. Ferry. 391 E. Ferry. Blaine, east from 1776 Jef- ferson to 53 Oak Grove av., then south to 304 E. Delavan av. SOO Oak Grove av. Blake, north from 1917 Genesee to Scajaquada creek. Blanche Place, south from 1652 Kenmore av. to Ramsdell av. Bleeker Avenue, north-west from 270 Rano. Bliss Alley, east from Oak to Elm. Block, from N. Y., L. E. & W. tracks to Sattler. Bloomfield Avenue, east from 665 South Park av. to 476 South Side Pky. Blossom, north from 54 Broadway to 59 E. Huron. Blum Avenue, east from 814 Military rd. to 205 Clayton. Bogardus, east from 1296 Bailey av. to 145 Greene. Boiler, west from 70 Abby to South Buffalo Ry. Bolton Place, south-west from 152 Abbott rd. Bond, north from 180 Sey- mour to 177 Howard. 27 S. Division. 231 Howard. Boone, north from 31 Pem- bina. Booth Alley, east from 297 Washington to 12 Hick- ory. Bowden, east from Bailey av. to Eggert. Box Avenue, east from 1387 Fillmore av. to 275 Mo- selle. 181 Kehr. 395 Moselle. Boyd, east from 128 Grant to 75 Preston. Brace, east from Erie canal to 1348 Niagara. Bradford, north from 1156 Elk to 1301 Seneca. Bradley, east from 466 De- witt to 71 Rees. Brantford Place, north from 670 W. Delavan av. to 670 Potomac av. Brayton, north from 413 Vermont to 398 Massa- chusetts. Breckenridge, east from Erie canal to 720 Elm- wood av. 293 Grant. 521 Richmond av. 651 Elmwood av. Bremen, north from 378 Vermont to 387 Rhode Island. Brewster, east (from 115 Halbert to 2180 Fillmore av. Bridge, east from Erie canal to 1796 Niagara. Bridgeman, north from 580 Amherst to Belt Line tracks. Briggs Avenue, east from 2413 Niagara to 837 Ton- awanda. Brighton Avenue, south from 1189 Broadway to West Shore R. R. Brinkman. north from 119 West Shore av. to 233 Doat. 124 Walden av. 300 Doat. Brinton, west from 215 En- glewood av, to 12 Crosby pl. Briscoe Avenue, north from 900 Walden av. to 477 Doat. Bristol, east from 205 Spring to 278 Jefferson and from 195 Emslie to 68 Clare. 199 Emslie. 415 Clare. Broadway, east from 447 Main to city line. 271 Bennett. 535 .Jefferson. "^35 Sherman. 1017 Lombard. 1225 Curtiss. 1513 Deshler. 1765 Greene. 2045 City line. Bronson, north from 1508 Hertel av. to Taunton pl. Brooklyn Avenue, north from 395 E. Utica to 46 Winslow av. Brown, east from 735 Jef- ferson to 594 Adams. Brownell, north from 81 Amity to 1477 Broadway. Bruce, north from 32 Flow- er to 80 Englewood av. Brunck, east from Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg R. R. to 286 Abby. Brunck Alley, south from 9 and north from 8 E. Mo- hawk. Bryant, west from 1288 Main to 241 Richmond av. 265 Elmwood av. 398 Richmond av. Bryson, north from 198 Cur- tiss to Lovejoy. , 177 Buell Avenue, east from 525 Humboldt pky. to 1709 Fillmore av. Buffalo, north from 46 Good av. to 773 Abbott rd. / Buff am, north from 2215 Seneca to Fields av. Bull, north-east from 1411 West av. to 481 Dewitt. Burch Avenue, north from Seneca near city line. Burgard, north from 562 Walden av. to 161 Doat. Burrell, north from 253 Curtiss to Newton. Burrows, east from 66 Abby to 411 Hopkins. Burt, east from 96 Abby to 435 Hopkins. Burt Alley, west from Pearl to Franklin, north of Court. Burtis Avenue, north from 759 Abbott rd. to 25 Oliver. Burton, east from 819 Main to 78 Maple. Burwell Place, north from 48 Perry to 49 Scott. Bush, north from Scaj aqua- da creek to 116 Grote. Bushnell Avenue, north from 20 Dorothy av. Butler Place, north from 198 Seneca to 15 Myrtle. C, east from 947 Fillmore av. to 192 Mills. Cable, north from Buffalo creek to 46 Griswold. 135 Casimir. 359 Griswold. Calais, south from 1000 Kensington av. and north from E. Hertel av. to 291 Lisbon. Caldwell Alley, north from 114 Wilkeson to 169 Georgia. California, east from 859 West av. to 24 Herkimer. Calumet Place, north from 126 Grace to 120 Gar- field. Cambria, north from 405 Dingens to William. Cambridge Avenue, north from 1112 E. Ferry to Cambridge pi. 286 E. Delavan av. 564 Warwick a v. Cambridge Place, east from 643 Wyoming to Cam- bridge av. Camden Avenue, north from 950 Hertel av. to Comet. Camp, north from 424 Syc- amore to 519 Genesee. Campbell Avenue, north from 212 St. Lawrence av. to 916 Kenmore av. Canal, north-west from 100 Main to 164 Erie. Canton, south from 111 Dewey av, Carl, north from 975 E. Ferry to 801 E. Delavan av. Carlton, east from 909 Main to 740 Genesee. 253 Lemon. 529 Genesee. Carlyle Avenue, east from 1858 Abbott rd. to city line. Carolina, north-east from Erie canal to 168 W. Tupper. 189 Prospect av. 325 Tupper. Carroll, east from 205 Washington to 65 Griffin. 243 Chicago. 545 Jefferson. 781 Griffin. Carter, east from 20 Hop- kins to South Park av. Cary, west from 210 Dela- ware av. Case Place, south from Be- rea to Westminster. Casimir, east from 60 Gor- ski to 272 S. Ogden. Ill Barnard. 213 South Ogden. Cassy, south from 1059 Wil- liam to lot 58. Castle Place, north from 580 Kensington av. to Leroy av. Castor Alley, north from 298 William to 427 Broadway. Cayuga, east from 885 Jef- ferson to 300 Grey. Cazenovia, north-east from 1358 Abbott rd. to 2190 Seneca. 57 Cumberland av. 222 Seneca. Cazenovia Parkway, south- «vest from Cazenovia Park to South Side pky. Cecil, north from 118 Olive to Erie Ry. tracks. Cedar, north from 348 Swan to 305 Broadway. 127 Clinton. 313 Broadway. Celtic Place, north from 511 E. Utica to 500 Glenwood av. Cement, east from Range av. to Quarry. Centre, north from 120 Sen- eca to 101 Swan. Central Avenue, north from 1404 William to Trestle. Chadduck Avenue, east from 999 Tonawanda to 87 Walter pi. Chain Alley, north from 254 Amherst. Champlin, north-east from 493 Spring to 212 Morti- mer. Chandler, east from 235 Military rd. to N. Y. Cen- tral R. R. 225 Bridgeman. Chapin Parkway, north-west from Gates Circle to Soldiers' pi. Charles, east from Erie canal to 188 Terrace. Charlotte Avenue, east from 2194 Fillmore av. to 25 Hill. Chaucer, west from 10 Cros- by pi. to Alden av. Chauncey, east from 1180 Bailey av. Chelsea Place, north from 821 E. Ferry to 627 E. Delavan av. 255 E. Delavan av. Chenango, north-west from 451 W. Utica to 399 W. Ferry. Cherokee Place, south-east from 781 Bailey av. Cherry, north-east from 727 Michigan to 955 Virginia. 88 Goodell. 315 Virginia. Chester, north from 178 Glenwood av. to 41 North- land av. 244 Northland av. Chestnut, north from 224 Swan to 227 N. Division. Chicago, north from Buffalo river to 267 Swan. \ 251 Scott. 443 Swan. Chippewa, east from 587 Main to 102 Genesee. Chippewa, west from 590 Main to 244 Georgia. Choate Avenue, south-west from 1413 Abbott rd. to South Side pky. and west to 695 South Park av. 308 South Side pky. Church, west from 312 Main to Erie canal. Churchill, north from 228 Amherst to 253 Austin. Cincinnati, south-west from 257 Ohio to Buffalo river, 178 Circle, junction North, Wadsworth, Fourteenth, and Pennsylvania sts., and Porter and Richmond avs. Clare^ north from 916 Eagle to 347 Howard. Clarence, north from 842 Kensington av. to 2200 Amherst. Clarendon Place, north from 766 Bird av. to Delaware Park. Clarke, north from 88 Cur- tiss to 1035 Broadway. 263 Broadway. Clay, north from 36 Mili- tary rd. to 289 Austin. Clayton, north from 46 Race to Ritt av. 232 Ritt av. Clement Place, east from 90 Gillette av. to Belt Line tracks, Clemo, north from 1094 Clinton to 96 Fleming. Cleveland Avenue, west from 1214 Delaware av. to 746 Elmwood av. 216 Elmwood av. Cliff, north from 1724 Clin- ton to Lehigh tracks. Clifford, east from 375 Smith to 110 Selkirk. Clinton, east from 411 Main to east line of city. 273 Pine. 545 Jefferson. 777 Lord. 1000 Metcalfe. 1250 Bushnell av. 1525 Bailey av. 1724 Cliff. 2009 S. Ogden. Clio Avenue, south-west from 406 Abbott rd. to 752 South Side pky. Clover Avenue, west from 2430 Delaware av. to Camden. Clyde Avenue, north from 826 Kensington av. to 2172 Amherst. 213 Amherst. Coatsworth Alley, east from 17 Hayward to 272 Ham- burgh. Cobb Alley, north-east from Jersey to Porter av. Coburg, north from 36 St. Lawrence av. to 730 Ken- more av. Cochrane, north from 2060 Clinton to 228 Griswold. Codlin Alley, north from 665 Virginia to 98 Carl- ton, Coe Place, east from 1215 Main to 1044 Ellicott. Coit, north from 292 How- ard to 843 Broadway. 298 Broadway. Coleman Alley, south from Vine, between Michigan and Elm. Colfax Avenue, east from 591 Grider to 590 Wyo- ming av. Colgate, east from South Park av. to 91 Hopkins. Collaton, east from 2287 Niagara to 23 Fuller. College, north from 25 Cot- tage to 260 North. College Place, north from 40 Johnson's Park. Colonial Place, junction Richmond av., Lafayette and Bidwell pky. Colorado Avenue, north from 1667 Genesee to 1207 E. Ferry. Colton, west from Erie canal to Lake Erie (op- posit Pennsylvania.) Columbia, north from 137 Perry to 129 Scott. Columbus Avenue, east from 563 South Park av. to 1269 Abbott rd. Colvin (Niagara Falls Boul- evard), north from 1302 Amherst to Kenmore av. 273 Hertel av. 509 Taunton. Comet, west from 56 Cam- den to 175 Olive. Commercial, north-east from Buffalo river to 8 Ter- race. Como Avenue, east from 512 South Park av. to 1166 Abbott rd. Com.stock Avenue, north from 1004 Kensington av. to 2343 Amherst. Concord, west from 360 Cur- tiss to Houghton. Condon Avenue, north from 150 Crowley avenue to 180 O'Neil. 235 O'Neil. Congress, north from 36 Auchinvole to 231 Poto- mac av. 225 Potomac av. Connecticut, north-east from 656 Front av. to 222 Richmond av. 239 Fargo av. 524 Richmond av. Connelly, east from 260 Olympic av. to 2766 Bai- ley av. 179 Copeland Place, north-west from Hunt av. to 180 On- tario. Copsewood Avenue, south from 1023 Kensington av. Cordage, between Bird av. and Pooley pi. Cordova Avenue, north from 115 LaSalle av. to 89 Lisbon. Cornelia, north-east from 530 Smith crossing at 895 N. Division to inner lot. Cornell, north from D., L. & W. R. R. to 68 Engle- wood av. Cornwall Avenue, north from 1124 E. Ferry to 186 "Warwick av. 281 E. Delavan av. 555 Warwick av. Coronado. west from 629 South Park av. Cottage, north-west from 370 Virginia to 297 Hud- son. Coulson, west from 558 Mil- itary rd. to N. Y. Central R. R. tracks. Countess Avenue, north from 422 Doat to 40 Hemen- way. Court, west from 428 Main to Erie canal. 215 Front avenue. 339 Georgia. Court Place, south from 220 Court to 124 Jackson. Courtland, north from 1346 E. Delavan av. to 178 Sugar. 229 Sugar. Crescent Avenue, north-west from 130 Humboldt pky. to 72 Colvin. 303 Jewett av. 475 Amherst. 817 Colvin. Crosby Place, north from 218 Brinton to 555 Ken- more av. Crowley Avenue, east from 2501 Niagara to 322 On- tario. 252 Ontario. Crystal Avenue, west from 495 South Park av. to in- ner lot. CurnbcrJard Avenue, north- west from 57 Cazenovia to 60 Mumford. 238 Melrose. Cunard, north from 1534 Hertel av. to Taunton pi. Curtiss, north from 772 William to 1225 Broad- way, 296 Lovejoy. 474 Broadway. Gushing Place, east from 1890 Abbp-tt rd. to On- ondaga av. Custer, west from 3130 Main to Erie tracks. Cutter Place, north-west from 108 Jordan pi. to Buffalo creek. Cypress, north-east from 571 Michigan to 318 Pine. Daisy Place, north from 360 Florida to 310 E. Delavan av. Dakota Avenue, east from 2293 Delaware av. to 70 Fairchild pi. Danforth, north from 158 Forest av. to 25 Bradley. Dann, north from foot of Amherst to foot of Ham- ilton. Danube, north from 1575 Genesee to 1123 E. Ferry. Darien, north from Rams- dell av. to 1454 Kenmore av. Darrow Alley, west from Ellicott near Eagle. Dart, north from 188 For- est av. to Scajaquada creek. •Dash, south from 906 Ab- bott rd. to 30 Macamley. Davenport Alley, south-east from 100 Canal to 26 Fly, Davey, north from 1678 William to 1912 Broad- way. 280 Vanderbilt. 482 Broadway. Davis, north-west from 702 Jefferson to 551 Gene- see. Day's Park, north-east from 109 Cottage to 256 Allen. Dearborn, north from 44 Tonawanda to 49 Hertel. 195 Amherst. 445 Hertel av. Decker, west from 2718 Bailey av, to 229 Olym- pic av. Deer, north from 378 Her- tel av. to 50 Gladstone. Deerfield Avenue, north from 810 E. Delavan av. to 700 Kensington av. 241 Pembroke av. 363 Kensington av. Delavan Avenue, East, from 1851 Main to city line. 272 Oak Grove ay. 473 Fillmore av. 749 Grider. 1010 Norfolk av. 1290 Newburgh av, 1555 East End av. Delavan Avenue, West, east from Black Rock harbor to 1850 Main. 247 Grant. 501 N. Norwood av. 785 Chapin pky. 993 Harvard pi. Delaware Avenue, north from 223 Terrace to city line. 227 W. Chippewa, 553 Allen. 748 Summer. 999 W. Utica, 1242 Auburn av. 1474 Potomac av. 1645 Delaware Park. 2069 Amherst. 2259 Algonquin. 2475 Tacoma av. 2728 Kenmore av. Demond Place, north from 116 E. Tupper to 675 Vir- ginia. Dempster, east from 1177 Bailey av. to 50 Greene. Densmore, east from 1830 Abbott rd. to Onondaga av. Denver, west from 445 Mili- tary rd. to N. Y. Central R. R. tracks. Depew Avenue, east from 136 Linden avenue to 2815 Main. 279 Parker av. 400 Main. Depot, south from 1067 William to lot No. 58. DeRutte, north from 414 Virginia to rear of 57 Elmwood av. Deseronto Avenue, north from 228 Linden av. to Taunton. 250 Tacoma. Deshler, north from 105 Amity to 1513 Broadway. Detroit, north from 318 Howard to 875 Broadway. 223 Lovejoy. Devereaux, north-east from 170 Englewood av. to 70 Montrose av. Devonshire, east from South Park av. to South Side pky. Dewey Avenue, east from ■ 2270 Main to Kensington av. 214 Fillmore av. 439 Kensington av. 180 Dewitt, north from 116 Breckenridge to Scaja- quada creek. 251 Potomac av. 490 Bull. Dexter Place, east from 1505 Jefferson. Diamond Avenue, east from Abbott rd. to city line. Dickens Alley, east from 259 Washington to 18 El- licott. Dillon, east from 60 Fill- more av. Dingens, east from 800 Bai- ley av, to city line. 191 Weiss. 405 Cambria. Dismonda, north from Hill- side to Junior, Doat, east from 1625 Gen- esee to city line. 247 Sumner a v. 520 Stewart. Dock, south from 32 Water to Buffalo river. Dodge, east from 1177 Main to 65 W. Parade av, 207 Masten, 519 Wohlers av. Dold Place, south from Whitfield av, to 114 Woodside av. Dole, north from 1238 Elk to 1359 Seneca. Domedian Avenue, north from 146 Hemenway to 2207 Genesee, Dorchester Bead, north-west from 115 Bidwell pky. to Baynes. Dorland Avenue, north from Mineral Spring rd. to Buffalo river. Dorothy, south-east from 335 Babcock to Hubbard. 204 Hubbard. Dorrance Avenue, east from South Park av. to Onon- daga av. Douglas Alley, east from 23 Ellicott to Centre. Dover, west from 412 Cur- tiss to Brighton. Downing, east from 1045 South Park av. to 1888 Abbott rd. 218 South Side pky. 463 Abbott rd. Doyle Avenue, east from 166 Skillen to Kenmore av. Dryden Avenue, north from 88 Chaucer to 640 Ken- more av. Duerstein, north-east from 2330 Seneca to city line. D m r > > > < m z c m > H z O ?a H X ^ m in H 181 Duluth Avenu6, north from 180 St. Lawrence av. to 886 Kenmore av. Dunbar, east from Buffalo river to 26 Pomeroy. Duncan, north from 1264 Elk. Dundee, east from 1765 Ab- bott rd. to Onondaga av. Dunston Avenue, east from 82 Skillen to Kenmore av. Dupont, north from 342 E. LJtica to 303 E. Ferry. Durham Avenue, north from 780 E. Delavan av. to Sussex. Durrenberger Place, north from 492 High to 479 Best. Dutton Avenue, north from 905 E. Ferry to 655 E. Delavan av. 155 Northland av. Dyer, from 521 Abbott rd. to D., L. & W. R. R. tracks. Eagle, East, east from 377 Main to 176 Fillmore av. 281 Pine. 565 Jefferson. 743 Bond. 956 Fillmore av. Eagle, West, from 368 Main to 269 Terrace. Eaglewood Avenue, south- west from 1190 Abbott rd. to 643 South Side pky- Earl Place, north from 426 High to Best. East, north-west from 65 Wayne to 61 Arthur. 257 Austin. 487 Arthur. East Bennett, north from 322 Clinton to 159 Wil- liam. East Delavan Avenue, see Delavan av., East. East End Avenue, (east city line), north from Gene- see to East Delavan av. East Ferry, see Ferry, East. East Grenesee, see Genesee, East. East Hertel Avenue, east from Range av. to Bailey av. 380 Quarry. 526 Bailey av. East Huron, see Huron, East. East Market, north from 138 Elk to Hamburgh canal. East Mohawk, see Mohawk, East. East North, see North, East. East Oakwood Place, see Oakwood pi., East. East Parade Avenue, north from 1186 Genesee to Fougeron, and from Box av. to Glenwood av. East Parade Circle, north- west from 30 Walden av. to East Parade av. East Seneca, see Seneca. East Swan, see Swan. East Tupper, see Tupper, East. East Utica, see Utica, East. Eastwood Place, east from 2030 Main to 260 Hum- boldt pky. Eaton, east from 1283 Mich- igan to 1246 Jefferson. 221 Jefferson. Eckhert, north from 205 Esser av. to 186 O'Neil. Edgewood Avenue, south- west from 1280 Abbott rd. to 532 South Side pky. Edison, north from 1470 E. Delavan av. to Sugar. Edmunds, east from Buffalo Southern Ry. to Hopkins. 270 Germania. Edna Place, east from 931 Ellicott to 90 Masten. Edson, east from 2368 Sen- eca to city line. Edward, west from 776 Main to 357 Virginia. Edwin Place, north from 154 E Tupper to 159 Good- ell. Efner, north-west from 100 Georgia to 46 Hudson. Eggert, north, north-west and north from 387 Sugar to city line. 507 Kensington av. 694 Rounds av. Ehle, east from 90 Liddell to 90 Wick. Eighteenth, north-west from 135 Rhode Island to 385 Hampshire. Elam Place, west from 39 Greenfield to 336 Cres- cent av. Eley Place, north-east from 116 Englewood av. to 20 Montrose av. Elgas, north from Zinns av. to 286 O'Neil. Elizabeth, crosses S. Divis- ion at Smith. Elk, east from 73 Ohio to 1627 Seneca. 205 Chicago. 497 Sidway. 182 765 Euclid pi. 996 Walter. 1228 Dole. 1490 Seneca. EUer Avenue, north from 152 Hemenway to 2235 Genesee. Ellicott, north from 60 Ex- change to 40 Riley. 269 Broadway. 531 E. Tupper. 743 Carlton. 1015 Dodge. Elm, north from 124 Swan to 117 Best, 269 Sycamore. 485 Goodell. 771 East North. Elmer Avenue, north from 940 Kensington av. to 2286 Amherst. Elmwood Avenue, north from 392 Virginia to 1622 Ken- more av. 279 Summer. 517 W. Utica. 743 Cleveland av. 988 Potomac av. 1125 Forest av. 1600 Amherst. 1854 Hertel av. 2185 Hinman av. 2250 Kenmore av. Elsie Place, east from 235 Purdy to 50 Alexander pi. Emerson, west from 275 Englewood av. to 68 Cros- by pi. Emerson Place, east from 1457 Michigan to 396 Masten. Emma, south from Rano to Juliet. Empire, east from 80 Miller av. to 70 Koons av. Em.slie, north from 738 Sen- eca to 679 Broadway. 249 Howard. 527 Broadway. Englewood Avenue, north- west from 3276 Main to city line. 240 Nicholson av. Ensign, east from 150 Kath- arine to Buffalo river. Erb, north from 2335 Gen- esee to 1524 E. Delavan av. Ericson, south from 1190 E. Delavan av. to Lang av. Erie, south-west from 308 Main to 134 Water. 270 Water. Esser Avenue, east from 2525 Niagara to 125 Skil- len. 265 Beatrice. Essex, north from 530 Rhode Island to 511 Massachusetts. Euclid Place, south from 765 Elk to 170 Abbott rd. Eugene, north from D., L. & W. R. R. tracks to 1500 Kenmore av. Eureka Place, north from 338 Sycamore to 431 Genesee. Evadene, north-east from 145 Englewood av. to 45 Montrose av. Evans, north-east from 69 Water to 82 Terrace. Evelyn, south-east from 335 Esser av. to N. Y. C. R. R. tracks. Exchange, east from 177 Main to 987 Seneca. 281 Chicago. 557 Hamburg. 794 Hydraulic. 1007 Seneca. Exeter Avenue, north from 1285 Hertel av. to Taun- ton pi. 130 Tacoma av. Express, west from 222 Pearl to 121 Franklin. Fairchild Place, north from Algonquin to 1185 Her- tel av. Fairfield, north-west from 2500 Main to 1700 Am- herst. Fairview Place, north from 2325 Seneca. Fargo Avenue, north-west from 234 Hudson to 1075 Niagara. ^ 263 Connecticut. '* 467 Massachusetts. Farmer, east from Erie ca- nal to 442 Tonawanda. Faxon, north from 1456 Clinton. Fay, south from 570 Walden av. to 60 West Shore. Federal Avenue, north from 740 Kensington av. Fell Alley, north from 180 Carolina to 181 Virginia. Fenton, south from 1930 Clinton to Buffalo creek. 220 Seward. Ferguson Avenue, east from 107 Herkimer to 69 Grant. Ferry, East, east from 1531 Main to 2208 Bailey av. 273 Jefferson. 550 Humboldt pky. 708 Winchester av. 1012 Schuele av. 1247 Leslie. Ferry, West, east from Erie canal to 1530 Main. 223 Herkimer. 512 Richmond av. 841 Delaware av. Fields Avenue, south-east from Wells av. to city line. Fifteenth, north-west from 142 York to 273 Hamp- shire. 281 Massachusetts. Fillmore Avenue, north from 898 Seneca to 2551 Main. 225 Clinton. 532 Peckham. 719 Broadway. 1013 A St. 1235 Northampton. 1499 East Ferry. 1761 E. Delavan av. 1968 Kensington av. 2225 Wakefield av. Fischer, east from 713 Grant to 195 Rees. Fisher, north from 2195 Genesee to 1496 E. Dela- van av. Fitzgerald, north from 262 O'Connell av. to 559 Elk. Fleming, east from 70 Met- calfe to 533 Babcock. Flint Alley, south from 130 W. Mohawk to 108 Dela- ware av. Florence, west from 2242 Main to 100 Parkside av. Florida, east from 1769 Main to 540 Humboldt pky. 248 Pleasant pi. 410 Humboldt pky. Floss Avenue, north from 2086 Genesee to 1377 E. Delavan av. Flower, west from 80 Tyler to Angle. Fly, north-west from 8 Maid- en lane to 22 Evans. Folger, south-west from Tri- angle to Tifft. Forest Avenue, east from Erie canal to 1616 Dela- ware av. 251 Grant. 475 Richmond av. 725 Windsor av. Forman, west and north from 32 Newburgh to 1945 Genesee. Fort, west from 970 Niagara to Erie canal. Fougeron, east from 1270 Fillmore av. to 1486 Gen- esee. 261 Belt line tracks. Foundry, north from 350 Hertel av. to 80 Glad- stone. Fourteenth, north-west from 384 Pennsylvania to 237 Hampshire. 265 Vermont. 473 Hampshire. Fourth, north-west from 275 W. Genesee to 110 Por- ter av. 297 Virginia. 500 Pennsylvania. Fox, north from 766 Broad- way to 559 Best. 285 Genesee. 447 Best. Frank Avenue, south from 300 Mineral Spring rd. to Zittel. Franklin, north from 63 Ter- race to 60 North. 239 W. Chippewa. 491 Allen. Frederick Place, west from 20 Kehr to Spiess. Freeman, south from 1060 Kensington av. French, east from 1344 Fill- more av. to 244 Moselle. 257 Belt Line tracks. Freund, north from 2194 Genesee to 1466 E. Dela- van av. Fritz Alley, east from 180 Emslie to 57 Clare. Fritzgerald, south from 946 Kenmore av.- to St. Law- rence av. Front, east from foot of Main. Front Avenue, north-west from 215 Court to 979 Niagara. 228 Virginia. 516 Jersey. 734 Vermont. 969 Niagara. Fuller, north from 74 On- tario to Briggs. Fulton, east from 87 Mich- igan to 278 Smith. 285 Alabama. 509 Van Rensselaer. 689 Smith. Gi-alena, east from 3167 Main to 75 Winspear av. Gallatin Avenue, south-west from 219 Ontario to 99 Martin. Galloway, south-east from 83 Buffam to Indian Church av. Galveston Place, east from 797 Jefferson. 183 Cl-aivin iPlace, north from Ramsdell av. to 1580 Ken- more av. Gauson, north-west from 17 Hamburg turnpike to Peck Slip, opposite foot of Main. Garden, north from 292 Carolina to 293 Virginia. Gfarfield, east from 2131 Niagara to 580 Tona- wanda. Garner Avenue, east from 290 Dewitt to 260 Tryon pi. Garvey Avenue, east from 400 Hopkins. Gatchell, north from 1620 Broadway to West Shore tracks. Gates Circle (Chapin pi.), at junction of Delaware av., Lafayette av. and Chapin pky. Gay, (changed to Arsenal pl.) Geary, north-east from 2036 Seneca to 32 Frank av. Gelston, north from 86 W. Ferry to 20 Lafayette av. Genesee, north-east from 539 Main to city line. 235 Michigan. 495 Kane. 767 Johnson. 1047 Fillmore av. 1270 Kehr. 1507 Moselle. 1742 Kilhoffer. 1996 Newburg av. 2281 City line. Genesee, West, south-west from 522 Main to Lake Erie. 217 Terrace. Geneva, west from 385 Cur- tiss to Houghton. Genoa, south from 1472 Kenmore av. George, east from 205 Mor- timer to 600 Jefferson. Greorgetown, east from Bai- ley av. to Eggert. Georgia, east from Lake Erie to 186 W. Chippewa. 249 Prospect av. Gerhard, north from 396 Dodge to 378 Northamp- ton. Germain, north from Cor- nelius creek to 21 Grote. Germania, north from 655 Tifft to 643 Abbott rd. 265 Beacon. 448 Abbott rd. Gesl, west from 2055 Pill- more av. to inner lot. firibSon, north from 30 Cur- tiss to 25 Stanislaus. 275 Broadway. Gilbert Avenue, north from 50 Dorothy av. to Mani- toba . Gill Alley, north from Breckenridge to Auburn av. west of Ashland av. Gillette Avenue, north from 390 E. Delavan av. to 154 Oak Grove av. Girard Place, east from 965 Humboldt pky. to 1270 Fillmore av. Gisel, east from 2127 Bailey av. to 50 Warring, Gittere, south from 1169 Sycamore to inner lot. Grladstone Bead, west from 365 Military rd. to N. Y. C. R. R. tracks. Glendale Place, east from 2095 Main to 225 Hum- boldt pky. GlendhTi, west from 201 Cazenovia to inner lot. Glenn, north from 1690 Clinton. Glenwood Avenue, east from 1425 Main to 830 Hum- boldt pky. and from 1420 Fillmore av. to Mo- selle. 227 Purdy. 577 Humboldt pky, 690 Fillmore av. 960 Moselle. Glenwood Place, north from Ramsdell av. to 1712 Kenmore av. Glor, north from 68 Military rd. to 323 Austin, and continued north about 800 feet. E&oembel Avenue, north from 535 Walden av. Goethe, north from 1780 William to 2026 Broad- way. 260 Vanderbilt. 484 Broadway. Gold, north from 1648 Wil- liam to 1890 Broadway. 275 Vanderbilt. 476 Broadway. Good Avenue, north-east from 635 Hopkins to 846 Abbott rd. Goodell, east from 785 Main to 88 Cherry. 223 Mulberry. Goodliffe, east from 70 Hop- kins to inner lot. Goodrich, east from 1005 Main to 1044 Michigan. 184 Goodyear Avenue, north from 1432 Broadway to 1574 Genesee. 253 Sycamore. 475 Genesee. Gorham, north from 1106 Elk to 1170 Perry. Gorski, south from 1800 Clinton to Buffalo creek. Gorton, north from 144 Am- herst to 145 Hertel av. 199 Farmer. Grace, east from 2107 Ni- agara to Lackawanna R. R. tracks. Graham Avenue, south from 326 Mineral Spring rd. to Fields av, Gi-rahling Alley, "west from Jackson to Bingham. Granger, east from 287 Chi- cago to Ohio slip. Granger Place, north from 620 Bird av. to 610 For- est av. Grant, north from 318 Hampshire to Scajaquada creek and 375 Amherst to 151 Military rd. 223 Lafayette av. 501 Forest av. 751 Jessemine. 955 Amherst. Grape, north from 248 Cher- ry to 349 Best. 229 E. North. Gratiot Avenue, east from 485 Grider to 480 Wyo- ming av. Great Arrow, west from Del- aware av. to 1695 Elm- wood av. Grreeley, north from 700 Hertel av. to 134 Race. Greene, north from 1550 William to 1765 Broad- way. 265 Stanley. 455 Broadway. Greenfield, north-west from 2436 Main to 1543 Am- herst. Greenwood, north from 250 Lafayette av. to 287 Po- tomac av. 235 Potomac av. Grey, north from 668 Broad- way to 514 High. 259 Carlton. Grider, north from 944 E. Perry to 437 Leroy a v. 271 E. Delavan a v. 457 Sussex. 619 Kensington av. Griffin, north from 160 Roseville to Schuyler. Grrimes, east from 95 Young av. to Amity. Griswold, east from 288 Weiss to city line. 170 S. Ogden. Grosvenor, north from 44 Seymour to 624 Eagle. Grote, east from 200 Mili- tary rd. to Elmwood av. 221 Bridgeman. Grove, north from 674 Her- tel av. to 1768 Kenmore av. 300 Hinman av. Guilford, north from 840 Broadway to 665 Best. 300 Genesee. Gull, east from Erie canal to 1144 Niagara. Gunnell Avenue, north from 160 St. Lawrence av. to 866 Kenmore av. Gurnsey, north-west from 110 Austin to 109 Hertel av. Guthrie Alley, rear of 180 W. Genesee. Hageu, north from Lang av. to 1325 E. Delavan av. Hager, north from 314 Northland av. to 240 E. Delavan av. Hagerman, north from 682 Swan to 113 Seymour. Haggart Alley, south from Ferry to Gull. Halhert, north from 146 Dewey av. to 18 Rodney. 133 Jewett av. Hamburg, north from 160 South to 521 Swan. 245 Elk. 489 Seneca. Hamburg Turnpike, south from 549 Ohio to city lino, 202 Buffalo Creek R. R. 784 Tifft. 1145 City line. Hamilton, east from Niag- ara river to 300 Tona- wanda. Hamlin Alley, east from 205 Chicago to rear 135 Ful- ton. Hammerschmidt Place, south from 1§55 Seneca to Cazenovia creek. Hammond Place, north from 708 Virginia to 133 Carl- ton. Hampshire, north-east from 941 Front av. to 355 W. Ferry. 237 Fourteenth. 430 Hoyt. Hancock Avenue, south from 301 Sheffield av. to city line. Hannah, south from 1123 William to 872 Babcock. Hanover, north-east from 55 Prime to 106 Main. Hardwood Place, east of 90 Fillmore av. to Dillon. Harlow Place, east from 210 Purdy to 24 Alexander pi. Harmonia, north from 1046 Sycamore to 145 Walden av. Harold Avenue, north-west from 302 Rano to 365 Ontario. Harp Place, east from 103 Gurnsey to inner lot. Harriett, north from 1440 E. Delavan av. to 266 Sugar. Harrison, north from Perry to Penn. R. R. tracks. Hartman Place, north from 73 Grace to 69 Garfield. Harvard Place, north from 1614 Main to 993 W. Del- avan av. Harvest Avenue, north from 100 St. Lawrence av. to 792 Kenmore av. Harvey Place, south-west from 128 Abbott rd, to St. Stephen's pi. Harwood Place, east from 1569 Jefferson. Hauf, north from 355 E. Utica to 353 Glenwood av. Haven, north from 1888 Genesee to Scajaquada creek. Hawley, north from 220 Forest av. to 29 Letch- worth. Hawthorne Avenue, north from 25 Chaucer to 580 Kenmore av. Hayden, north from 1990 Seneca to 155 Mineral Spring rd. Hayes Place, north from 1350 Seneca to Bayard. Hayward, north from 340 Elk to Otto. Hazlewood Avenue, north and south from 1375 E. Delavan av. Heame Place, south-west from 2323 Seneca. Heath, west from 3235 Main to Erie R. R. tracks. Hecla Avenue, north from 55 Chaucer to 608 Ken- more av. 185 Hedley Place, east from 1746 Jefferson to 25 Oak Grove av. Heisz Avenue, north from 249 Mineral Spring rd. to Patterson av. Helen, east from 147 De- witt to 298 Herkimer. Hemenway, east from 136 Zelmer to city line, 200 Humason, Hennepin, east from 1237 Bailey av, to 115 Greene, Henricka, south from 1151 William to 959 Babcock, Henrietta Avenue, north- west from 420 Ontario to 225 Esser. Henry, east from Erie canal to 160 Terrace, Henry Place, north from Ramsdell av. to 1686 Ken- more av. Herbert Avenue, north from inner lot to 1060 E. Del- avan av. Herkimer, north from 216 Albany to IBl Bird av. 263 Lafayette av. 471 Bird av. Herman, north from 800 Broadway to 663 Best. 291 Genesee. 413 Best. Hersee Alley, east from 255 Ellicott to 168 Oak. Hertel Avenue, east from Niagara river and 2079 Niagara to 3002 Main. 203 Pacific. 460 Military rd. 808 Elmwood av. 1069 Delaware av. 1285 Exeter av. 1481 Sterling av, 1723 Starin av. 2031 Beard av, Hertel Avenue, East, see East Hertel av. Heussy Avenue, north from 848 Abbott rd. to Buffalo creek, Howard, east from Fuller to 780 Tonawanda, Hewett, east from 30 Range av, to 3216 Bailey av. 275 Bailey av. Hickory, north from 414 Swan to 89 Cherry, 220 William. 527 Genesee. High, east from 967 Main to 882 Genesee. 265 Lemon. 515 Grey. Highland Avenue, west from 1100 Delaware av. to 430 Richmond av. 236 Ashland av. Hill, north from 3 70 Leroy av. to 280 Rodney. Hillery Avenue, south from 24t) Mineral Spring rd. Hillside Avenue, runs south- east from Indian Church av. to 70 Duerstein. Hilton, north from 222 Cur- tiss to Newton. Hines, south from 35 Down- ing. Hinman Avenue, west from 2650 Delaware av. to 300 Grove. 231 Elmwood av. Hiram, south from 555 E. Delavan av. to Scajaquada creek. 255 E. Delavan av. Hirschbeck, north from 1570 Broadway to West Shore R. R. Hobart, north from 176 Dorothy av. to 1400 Clin- ton. Hodge Avenue, west from 954 Delaware av. to 188 Ashland av. 205 Ashland av. Hoffmann Place, south from 93 Hamilton and north from 96 Hamilton to 99 Austin, Holden, north from 286 Le Roy av. to 190 Rodney. Holland Place, north from 96 Northampton to 70 Riley. Hollister, east from 399 Spring to 122 Mortimer. Holloway Alley, north from Virginia west of Dela- ware av. Holly, north from Buffalo creek to 1970 Clinton. 220 Casimir. Hollywood Avenue, west from 1718 Abbott rd. to 263 South Side pky. Holmes, east from German M. E. cemetery to 56 Page. Holt, first street south of Howard crossing Lewis. Homer Avenue, north from 1147 Hertel av. to 73 Tacoma av. Homeworth, north from 3380 Main to city line. Hopkins, north from city line to 711 Abbott rd. 275 Amber. 501 Lehigh. 748 Abbott rd. Homing Place, north from Ramsdell av. to 1734 Kenmore av. Horton Place, north from 947 Lafayette av. to 971 W. Delavan av. Houghton, south from 1163 Broadway to 115 Kent. Houston, east from 555 Hop- kins. Howard, east from 297 Jef- ferson to 653 Babcock. 265 Smith. 514 Metcalfe. 740 Babcock. Howell, north from Scaja- quada creek to 85 Chand- ler. 210 Chandler. Howlett, south from 221 Walden av. to 1143 Syc- amore. Hoyer Place, north from 40 Sessions av. to 150 Villa av, Hojrt, north from 356 West Ferry to 341 Forest av. 233 W. Delavan av. 439 Forest av. Hubbard, north from 204 Dorothy av. to 1440 Clin- ton. Hubbell Avenue, east from 691 South Park av. to 728 South Side pky. Hudson, east from Erie ca- nal to 28 Wadsworth. 234 Fargo av. 393 Wadsworth. Hughes, east from 1805 Jefferson to 85 Oak Grove av. Hulbert, from 50 Sibley to Julius. Humason, south from 2370 Genesee to Hemenway. Humber Avenue, north from 845 E. Delavan av, to Sussex. Humboldt Parkway, south- west from Delaware Park to Humboldt Park. ' 260 Eastwood pi. 510 Mohican av. 737 E. Ferry. 1007 Northampton. Hunt Avenue, east from 729 Tonawanda to 50 River- side av. Huntington Avenue, west from 2900 Main to 600 Parkside av. 245 Voorhees. 463 Parkside av. Huron, East, east from 543 Main to 238 Oak. Huron, West, west from 544 Main to 193 Niagara. 217 Niagara. Hutchinson Avenue, east from 130 Clyde to 70 Midway av. 259 Midway av. Hydraulic, north from 746 Scott to 783 Seneca. Idaho, west from 470 Mili- tary rd. to N. Y. C. R. R. Ideal, north from 1588 Wil- liam to 1820 Broadway. 215 Vanderbilt. 470 Broadway. Illinois, north from Buffalo river to 67 Scott. Imson, north from Perry to Penn. R. R. tracks. Indiana, north from Buffalo river to 41 Perry. Indian Church Avenue, east from 2270 Seneca to city line. Indian Orchard Place, east from 110 Buff am to in- ner lot. Inter-Park Avenue, east from 710 Humboldt pky. to 1530 Fillmore av. Inwood Place, west from 1510 Delaware av. to 28 Windsor av. Iowa Avenue, east from 3309 Bailey av. to Eg- gert. Iroquois Place, north from 268 William to 395 Broadway. Irving Place, north from 135 Allen to 152 North. Ithaca Place, north from 83 Whitfield av. to 1050 Tifft. Ivy, north from 264 Wal- den av. to 1450 Genesee. Jackson, north from 143 Church to 9 Court pi. James, east from 135 Ems- lie to 194 Fillmore av. 212 Clare. Jane, west from 243 Erie St. to Coit slip. Jarvis Avenue, north from 900 Hertel av. to Olive. Jefferson, north from 598 Exchange to 1975 Main. 241 Clinton. 537 Broadway. 771 Genesee. 1051 Best. 1267 Riley. 1456 E. Ferry. 1715 E. Delavan av. 186 Jehle, north from 570 Doat to Scajaquada creek. Jerome Place, west from 1443 Bailey av. to Cen- tral av. Jersey, north-east from Erie canal to 56 Richmond av. 235 Fargo av. 432 Richmond av. Jessemine, east from 750 Grant to 240 Rees. Jewett Avenue, west from 2420 Main to 210 Park- side av. and east from 2419 Main to 2205 Fill- more av. 53 Crescent av. 201 Parkside av. 175 Fillmore av. Jolin, south from 14 "W. Seneca. Johnson, north from 700 Broadway to 529 Best. 265 Genesee. 457 Best. Johnson Park, west from 274 and 286 Delaware av. to 247 Carolina. Jones, north from 1053 Clinton to 60 Lyman. Jordan Place, north-east from 1674 Seneca to Buf- falo creek. Joseph, north of Kensington av. west of Fillmore av. running west from pro- posed street to inner lot. Josephine, north from Northampton to 135 Ur- ban. Josie Place, west from 415 South Park av. to 95 Tri- angle. Josl3m Place,, north from 340 Austin. Joy, west from 118 Water to Erie basin. Julius, running south from 145 Downing to Hulbert. Juniata Avenue, north-east from 1766 Seneca. Junior, south-east from In- dian Church av. to Duer- stein. Kail, north from 268 Am- herst to 267 Austin. Hamper, north-east from 2092 Seneca to Frank av. Kane, north from 400 Syc- amore to 495 Genesee. Katharine, north from Buf- falo creek near FCJnion Iron Works to 527 Elk. 253 O'Connell av. Keating, north from 1270 Elk to Seneca, west of Bailey av. Keep Place, north from 336 Virginia to 43 Twelfth. Kehr, north from 1268 Gen- esee to 851 E. Ferry, 251 Glenwood av. Keim, north from 1176 Elk to 1250 Perry. Kelburn, south from 1660 Clinton to Buffalo river. Kelderhouse Alley, from 18 Bingham to Marshall al. Kellogg, north from Elk to inner lot between Keat- ing and Duncan. Kenefick Avenue, east from 661 South Park av. to 1140 Abbott rd. Kenmore Avenue, west from Main to O'Neil. 308 Montrose av. 546 Crosby pi. 704 Oscar av. 946 Fritzgerald av. 1388 Delaware av. 1496 Eugene. 1572 Galvin pi. 1680 Henry pi. 1916 Military rd. Kenil worth, north from 3322 Main to 160 Kenmore av. Kensington Avenue, north- east from 2095 Main to city line. 318 Fillmore av. 580 Castle pi. 740 Federal av. 1004 Comstock av. 1423 Eggert. Kent, east from Clarke to Playter then east from Sweet av. to Houghton. Kentucky, north from 42 St. Clair to 141 Mackinaw. Keppel, north from 1396 Elk to 1523 Seneca. Kerns Avenue, east from 2309 Bailey av. to 75 Newburgh av. Ketchum Place, north-west from 404 Jersey to 141 York. Keystone, north from 695 Walden av. to 275 Doat and south from Walden av. to West Shore av. 125 Walden av. 285 Doat. Kiefer, north from 96 Wal- den av. to 1260 Genesee. Kilhofifer, north from 1740 Genesee to Northland av. 267 Northland av. Kimmel Avenue, north from 877 Abbott rd. to Buf- falo creek. King, north-east from 403 Green to 1880 Broadway. 187 Kingsley, east from 1212 Jefferson to 980 Hum- boldt pky. 264 Humboldt pky. Kingston Place, south-west from 2150 Seneca to Cazenovia creek. Kirk over, north from 150 Dorothy av. to 1366 Clin- ton. Kirkpatrick, east from 93 Herbert av. to 2478 Bai- ley av. Klaus, east from 95 Met- calfe to 90 Jones. Knoerl Avenue, south-west from 1975 Seneca to / Cazenovia creek. Koch Alley, north from Breckenridge west of Elmwood av. Koester, south-west from 131 Triangle. Kofler Avenue, east from 735 Military rd. to 126 Clayton. Koons Avenue, north from 1458 Broadway to 1616 Genesee. 254 Sycamore. 489 Genesee. Kosciuszko, north from 1190 Broadway to 1049 Sycamore. Kozlowski, south from 20 Piatti to Scajaquada creek, near Amherst. Kremlin Alley, north from Niagara to W. Eagle, east of Pearl. Krettner, north from 162 Howard to 717 Broad- way. 225 Lovejoy. Krupp, north from N. Y. C. R. R. tracks to 1381 Broadway. Laban Alley, east from Grosvenor to Smith north of S. Division. Lackawanna, east from 337 Abby to 344 Germania. Ladner, east from South Park av. to Hopkins. Lafayette Avenue, east from 1319 Niagara to 1776 Main. 213 Grant. 531 Ashland av. 793 Delaware av. 1060 Main. La Force Place, north from 486 Hertel av. Laird Avenue, east from 971 Tonawanda to 236 Bleeker av. Lake, east from Erie basin to 84 River. Lake, west from 100 Main to Commercial. Lakeview Avenue, north- west from 78 Pennsylva- nia to 147 Porter av. Lakewood Avenue, north- east from 780 South Side pky. to 1075 Abbott rd. Lament Place, north from 112 Ontario to 18 Hew- ard. Lancaster Avenue, west from 1300 Delaware av. to 815 Elmwood av. 230 Elmwood av. Landis Place, south from 525 Rhode Island to Richmond. Landon, east from 1287 Jefferson to 1330 Fill- more av. 270 Humboldt pky. Lang Avenue, east from 2369 Bailey av. to Freund. 137 Newburg' av. Lansing, west from 192 Military rd. to 19 Joslyn pi. Larabee, east from 45 Hop- kins to inner lot. Lark, north from 28 Sidney to Northland av. Larkin, north from 618 Scott to 645 Seneca. 267 Exchange. LaSalle Avenue, east from 8019 Main to 3308 Bai- ley av. 230 Park Ridge av. 450 Bailey av. Lathrop, north from 1216 Broadway to 167 Walden av. 208 Sycamore. Latour, north from 74 Wal- den av. to 1230 Genesee. Laurel, east from 1345 Main to 1280 Jefferson. 169 Purdy. Lautz Place, north from Cleveland to Auburn av. Laux, north from 1120 Clinton to 130 Fleming. Lawn Avenue, west from 70 Norris. Lawrence Place, north from 348 Massachusetts av. to 311 Hampshire. Layer Avenue, east from Military rd. to Clayton. Leamington Place, north 1712 Seneca. Le Couteulx, from 61 Water north-east to 106 Canal. Ledger, south from 945 Hertel av. to Belt Line tracks. Lee, north from 344 Abbott rd. to 933 Elk. Lehigh, east from Buffalo Southern Ry, to Hopkins. 270 Germania. Lemon, north from 140 Cherry to 267 E. North. 219 High. Lennox Avenue, south from 360 Mineral Spring rd. to Fields av. Leroy Avenue, east from 2341 Main to 370 Ken- sington av. 169 Fillmore av. 460 Manhattan av. Leslie, north from 1712 Genesee to 1120 North- land av. 135 E. Ferry. Lester, north from 1342 Seneca to Bayard. Letchworth, east from 160 Dart to 156 Rees. Lewis, south from 1011 William to 1077 Clinton. 225 Fleming. Lexington Avenue, west from 1064 Delaware av. to 391 Richmond av. 230 Ashland av. Liberty, north from Buffa- lo river to Scott. Liberty Avenue, north from 780 Kensington av. Liddell, north from 1482 Broadway to West Shore tracks. Lilac, south from 628 Ab- bott rd. to Good av. Lincoln Parkway, north from Soldiers' pi. to Del- aware Park. Linden Avenue, west from 34 Starin av. to 120 Col- vin. 181 Parkside av. Linwood Avenue, north from 41 North to 923 W. Del- avan av. 237 Bryant. 475 W. Ferry. 731 W. Delavan av. Lisbon, east from 3071 Main to 3380 Bailey av. 291 Calais. Litchfield Avenue, east from 380 Grider to 378 Wyo- ming av. Littell Avenue, east from 425 Bailey av. to Archer av. Little, east from 127 South Side pky. to city line. Littlefield Avenue, north from 998 Walden av. to 566 Doat. Livingston, north from 488 W. Ferry to 403 Lafay- ette av. Lloyd, north-east from Buf- falo river to 132 Main. Lock, north-west from 92 Terrace to 128 Erie. Lockwood Avenue, west from South Park av. to Hopkins. Locust, north from 104 Cherry to 241 E. North. 235 High. Loepere, north from 1090 Broadway to 45 Walden av. 176 Sycamore. Lombard, north from 63 Curtiss to 1017 Broad- way. 264 Broadway. Longnecker, north from 1570 William to 25 King. 273 Vanderbilt. 419 King. Longview Avenue, south from 580 E. Delavan av. to Belt Line tracks. Lord, north from 824 Sen- eca to 221 Howard. 209 Oneida. Loring Avenue, east from 2000 Main to 10 Trini- dad. 210 Shelburne pi. Lorraine Avenue, north from South Side pky. to 1358 Abbott rd. Louisen, north from 1330 Genesee to 239 Fougeron. Louisiana, north from Buf- falo river to 375 Seneca. 297 Mackinaw. 560 Exchange. Love Alley, north from Buffalo river to rear of 40 Illinois. Lovejoy, east from 477 Em- slie to 302 Curtiss, and. from Trestle al. to city line. 249 Fillmore av. 505 Curtiss. 851 Trestle al. 1067 Longnecker. 1235 N. Ogden. Levering Avenue, north from 1214 Hertel av. to 57 Taunton. Lowell Place, north-west from 342 Vermont to 351 Rhode Island. 188 Lucinda Place, north from Scajaquada creek cross- ing Juliet. Ludington, east from 1207 Bailey av. to city line. 239 Gold. Lutheran, north from 243 William to 359 Broad- way, Lyman, east from 135 Met- calfe to 155 Lewis. Lyth Avenue, east from 301 Purdy to 1584 Jefferson. Macamley, east and west from 160 Triangle. McKibhen, east from 88 Moselle to 357 Koons av. Mackinaw, east from 250 Ohio to Indian Reserva-. tion line. 283 Hamburg. Madison, north from 586 Eagle to 25 Brown. 265 Peckham. 469 Sycamore. Magnolia, north-east from 1580 Abbott rd. to Oak- hurst. Maiden Lane, east from 11 Water to 60 Canal. Main, north-east from Buf- falo river to city line. 225 Seneca. 539 Genesee. 776 Edward. 1040 North. 1249 Northampton. 1531 Ferry. 1776 Lafayette av. 2005 Loring av. 2242 Florence. 2500 Fairfield. 2680 Amherst. 3002Hertel av. 3275 Englewood av. 3470 Kenmore av. Malta Place, north-west from 312 Marvland to 177 West av. Manchester Place, east from 347 Baynes to 800 Rich- mond av. Mandan, . south from 886 Hertel to 55 Troost. Manhart, east from 195 Olympic av. to 2706 Bai- ley av. Manhattan Avenue, north from 460 Leroy av. to Wempel av. Manitoba, east from 165 Gilbert to 78 Baitz av. Manton Place, north from 150 Grote to Chandler. Maple, north from 34 Cher- ry to 189 E. North. 271 High. Maple Ridge Avenue, east from 511 Grider to 510 Wyoming av. Margaret, north from 166 Curtiss to Bryson. Mariemont, east from 337 South Park av. to 330 South Side pky. Marigold, north from 430 Leroy av. to inner lot. Marilla, east from Lake Shore tracks to 190 South Park av. 208 Hopkins. Mariner, north from 370 Virginia to 234 North. Marion Avenue, west from 1634 Elmwood av. to Reservation. Mark, north from 22 Wil- liam to 15 Gay. Markham Place, north from 66 Sessions av. to 180 Villa av. Marshall, north from 1210 Genesee to 869 North- ampton. Marshall Alley, from Church to Bingham. Martin Avenue, east from 691 Tonawanda to 117 Mayer av. Marvin, north from 172 Elk to 231 Perry. Mary, east from 41 Indiana to Mississippi. Maryland, east from Erie canal to 52 College. 275 West av. Mason, north from 49 Breck- enridge to 19 Auburn av. Massachusetts Avenue, north-east from 865 Front av. to 469 W. Ferry. 293 W. Utica. 555 W. Ferry. Masten, north from 236 E. North to 1751 Main. 319 E. Utica. 629 Northland av. Mathews, east from 227 Mortimer to 616 Jeffer- son. Maurice, north from 300 Prenatt to 1141 Seneca. May, north from West Shore av. to 1735 Genesee. 327 Doat. Maybach Place, north-west from Jordan pi. to Buf- falo creek. Mayer Avenue, south-east from 247 Ontario to 156 Rano. Mayweed, from Newman to Beyer pi. (south-east boundary of Cazenovia Park.) Mead Alley, north from 146 N. Division to 149 Eagle. Mechanic, east from Erie canal to 216 Terrace. Medford Place, north from 10 Sessions av. to 125 Villa av. Meech Avenue, north from 202 E. Delavan av. to 110 Loring av. Melbourne Place, north from 805 Auburn av. to 164 Lancaster av. Melrose, north-east from 1106 Abbott rd. to 1954 Seneca, Melvin Place, south from 1397 Elk to Buffalo river. Mendola, east from 655 Kensington av. to 618 Wyoming av. Meriden, north-east from 1328 Abbott rd. to Caze- novia creek. Merrimac, west from 3208 Main to 58 Angle. Mesmer Avenue, east from 721 South Park av. to 754 South Side pky. Metcalfe, north from 1000 Clinton to 895 William. 237 Howard. Meteor Alley, east from 71 Emslie to 60 Lord. Miami, east from 196 Ohio to 203 Hamburg, 241 Alabama. Michigan, north from Buf- falo River to 1619 Main. 282 Seneca. 530 Broadway. 794 Goodell. 1008 High. 1257 Northampton. 1531 E. Ferry. Midway Avenue, west from 3095 Bailey av. to 70 Comstock av. Milburn, south from 1319 Broadway to N. Y. Cen- tral tracks. Mildred, north from 75 Ty- ler to 170 Englewood av. Milford, north-east from 1174 Abbott rd. to Caze- novia creek. Military Road, north from 282 Amherst to city line. 342 Hertel av. 526 Behrends. 869 Kenmore av. Miller Avenue, north from 1384 Broadway to 830 Walden av. 245 Sycamore. 189 Mills, north from 1028 Broadway to 1130 Gen- esee. 170 Sycamore. Mills Alley, north-east from Oak to Elm. Milnor, north from 82 Wil- liam to 211 Broadway. Milton, north from 1226 Perry to Penna. tracks. Mineral Spring Road, east from 1940 Seneca to city line. 308 S. Ogden. Minneapolis Avenue, east from 3345 Bailey av. to Eggert. Minnesota Avenue, east from 3055 Main to 3344 Bailey av. 206 Park Ridge av. 422 Bailey av. Minnetonka Road, east from Abbott rd. to Tuscarora. Minton, east from 387 Smith to 135 Selkirk. Mississippi, north from Buf- falo river to 93 Scott. Mobile, north from 927 Her- tel av. to Olive. Moeller, ea&t from 2055 Bailey av. to 24 Warring. Mohawk, East, east from 487 Main to 246 Ellicott. Mohawk, West, west from 488 Main to 145 Wilke- son. Mohican Avenue, east from Daisy pi. to 1740 Fill- more av. Mohr, north from 23 Grimes to 1285 Broadway. Monroe, north from 614 Eagle to 57 Brown. 271 Peckham. 485 Sycamore. Montana Avenue, north from 1636 Genesee to 1177 E. Ferry. Montcalm, north-east from 205 Englewood av. to 100 Montrose av. Montclair Avenue, north from 490 Leroy av. to inner lot. Montgomery, north from 874 Eagle to 305 Howard. Monticello Place, east from 20 Shelbourne to 40 Trin- idad. Montrose Avenue, from in- ner lot north-west to 308 Kenmore av. Moore, north from 214 Ohio to 153 Elk. Moreland, east from 1329 Bailey av. to 205 Greene. Morgan, north from 139 W. Eagle to 142 W. Chippe- wa and from 135 Edward to 411 Virginia. Morley Place, north from 100 E. Ferry. Morris Avenue, east from 60 Linden av. to 2750 Main. 221 Beard av. Morse, east from 46 Payson av. to 40 Wightman av. Mortimer, north from 342 William to 199 Cherry. 257 Sycamore. Morton, west from 3168 Main to D., L. & W. tracks. Morton Place, north from 76 Goodell to 637 Virginia. Moselle, north from 318 Walden av. to 380 E. Delavan av. 244 French. 650 E. Delavan av. Mt. Mercy Parkway, from Abbott rd. to Woodside circle. Mulberry, north from 68 Cherry to 215 E. North, 249 High. Mumford, noth-east from 1020 Abbott rd. to Caze- novia creek. Myers, north from 1010 Genesee to 745 Best. Myron Avenue, north from Villa near Delaware and Kenmore avs. Myrtle, east from 303 Mich- igan to 86 Jefferson. 203 S. Cedar. Mystic, east from Buffalo Southern Ry. to Hopkins. 280 Germania. Narragansett Road, east from Abbott rd. to Tus- carora. Naval Avenue, east from 2321 Bailey av. to 105 Newburg av. Nebraska, north from Rams- dell east of Elmwood av. to 1600 Kenmore av. Nelson, south from 621 Am- herst to Scajaquada creek. Neptune, north from 130 Carlton to 139 High. Nevada Avenue, north from 1606 Genesee to 1149 E. Ferry. Newburg Avenue, north from 1980 Genesee to 1290 E. Delavan av. 280 E. Delavan av. 190 Newburgh, runs north from 310 Doat to 57 Block. Newell, north from 568 Howard to 965 William. Newfield, north-west from N. Y. Central tracks to 344 O'Neil. 251 Roesch av. Newman Place, south from 2340 Seneca. Newport Avenue, north from 65 St. Lawrence av. to 765 Kenmore av. New South Ogden, north from 368 Dingens to 1763 William. Newton, east from Warren av. to 70 Curtiss. Niagara, north-west from 344 Main to city line. 273 Carolina. 524 Pennsylvania. 771 Vermont. 1017 Prospect av. 1275 Auburn av. 1589 Forest av. 1775 Parish. 2079 Hertel av. 2261 Ontario. 2687 O'Neil. Niagara Falls Boulevard, (changed to Colvin.) Niagara Square, at junction of Court, W. Genesee, Delaware av. and Niagara. Niantic, south-west from Potters rd. to Narragan- sett rd. Nichols Place, north from 160 Seneca. Nicholson Avenue, west from 250 Ensrlewood av. to 45 Crosby pi. Nineteenth, north from 470 Rhofle Island to 353 W. Ferry, Norfolk Avenue, north from 1185 E. Ferry to 975 Kensington av. 280 E. Delavan av. 555 Warwick av. 745 Kensington, av. Normal Avenue, north-west from 350 Pennsylvania to 185 Albany. 263 Vermont. 467 Hampshire. Norman, north-east from 2105 Seneca to Frank av. Norris, north from 764 Her- tel av. to 160 Race. Nortli, we«+ from 1040 Main to the Circle. 209 Elmwood av. North, East e^st from 1039 Main to 382 Herman. 267 Lemon. 533 Johnson, North Ashland Avenue, north from 560 Potomac av. to 538 Forest av. North Central Avenue, south from 1602 Broadway to inner lot. Northampton, east from 1249 Main to 1421 Gene- see. 343 Jefferson. 596 W. Parade av. 745 Fillmore av. 926 Kehr. North Central Avenue, south from 1002 Broadway to N. Y. Central tracks. North Division, east from 333 Main to 94 Fillmore. 277 Pine. 561 Jefferson. 795 Lord. 919 Fillmore av. North Morgan, south from 407 Virginia to inner lot. North Norwood Avenue, north from 501 W. Dela- van av. to 500 Forest av. North Ogden, north from 1714 William to 1966 Broadway. 280 Vanderbilt. 490 Broadway. North Parade Avenue, south and east from Northamp- ton to 118 E. Parade av. North Park Avenue, north* from Linden av. to Taun- ton. North Pearl, north from 522 Virginia to 27 North. North Pine, north from 124 Sycamore. Northland Avenue, east from 1727 Main to 150 Nor- folk av. 155 Jefferson. 539 Fillmore a v. 813 Grider. 1045 Northumberland av. Northumberland Avenue, north from 1174 E. Ferry to 891 Kensington av. 286 E. Delavan av. 562 Warwick a v. 744 Kensington av. Norton, north from 77 Water to 30 Peacock. Norwalk Avenue, north from 310 Linden av. to Taun- ton. 242 Tacoma av. Norwood Avenue, north from 313 Summer to 488 La- fayette av. 231 W. Utica. 497 Auburn av. Oak, north from 88 Swan to 89 High. 238 E. Huron. 568 Virginia. Oakdale, north from Lehigh tracks to 1255 Seneca. Oak Grove Avenue, north from 272 E. Delavan av. to Belt Line tracks. Oakhurst, from Woodside Circle, northeast to 1600 Abbott rd, Oakland Place, north from 165 Summer to 214 Bry- ant. Oakwood Place, East, east from 2319 Main to Belt Line tracks. Oakwood Place, West, west from 2320 Main to 153 Parkside av. Oberlin, from West Shore tracks north to Walden av. Ohio, southeast from 3 Main to Buffalo river and 1 Hamburg turnpike. 238 Mackinaw. 498 Louisiana. Okell, southwest from South Park av., near city line. Olcott Avenue, east from South Park av. to 620 South Side pky. Olga Place, east from 127 Clare to 328 Fillmore av. Olive, west from 2526 Dela- ware av. to N. Elmwood av. and east from 2526 Delaware av. to Farns- worth. Oliver, east from 119 Pay- son av. to 110 Wightman av. Olsen, north from 1580 Clinton st. Oneida, east from 227 Ems- lie to 282 Fillmore av. 213 Clare. O'Connell Ave., from 237 Louisiana south-east to 18 Smith. 230 Katherine. 455 Smith. O'Neil, east from 2687 Niag- ara to city line. 256 Argus. 460 Kenmore av. Onondaga Avenue, north from city line to Potter's Corners rd. Ontario, east from 2261 Niagara to citv line. 276 Roval av. 574 Skillen. Onyx Avenue, east from Ab- bott rd. to city line. 191 Orange, north from 174 Cherry to 291 E. North. 203 High, Orchard Place, west from 2535 Main to Fairfield av. Oregon, north-west from 87 Chadduck to 180 Esser av. Orlando, north from 332 Prenatt to 1169 Seneca. Orleans, south from Rounds av. to Kensington av. Orson Place, north from Ramsdell av. to 1530 Kenmore av. Orton Place, north from 354 Hudson to 355 Pennsyl- vania. Osage, east from 532 Hop- kins. Oscar, east from 25 Laux to 480 Babcock. Oscar Avenue, north from 10 St. Lawrence av. to 711 Kenmore av. Otis Place, north from 30 Woodlawn av. to 24 E. Ferry. Otto, east from 93 Hayward to 360 Alabama. Owahn Place, north-east from 250 Abbott rd. to 122 Prenatt. Oxford Avenue, north from 935 W. Ferry to 959 W. Delavan av. Pacific, north from 205 Austin to 203 Hertel av. Page, north from 605 Her- tel av. to 38 Race. Palos Place, north from 77 Mendola to 740 Kensing- ton av. Pansy, north from 319 Florida to 274 E. Dela- van av. Parish, east from 1775 Niagara to 222 Tona- wanda. Park, north from 422 Vir- ginia to 178 North. Parker Avenue, north from 2600 Main to 1860 Her- tel av. 201 Woodbridge av. Park Lake Avenue, north from Amherst to Great Arrow. Park Ridge Avenue, north from 87^ Kensington av. to 120 Winspear av. 186 Amherst. 500 Winspear av. Parkside Avenue, north-west from 37 Humboldt pky. to 1563 Hertel av. 211 Jewett av. 515 Linden ay, Parkview Avenue, from 40 Zittel south-east ta 42 Duerstein. Parnell, east from B.,R.& P. R. R. tracks to 194 Abby. Pascal, east from 195 Baynes to 655 Richmond av. Patterson Avenue, east from 18 S. Ogden to Heisz av. Pauline, north from 270 Kensington av. to GesL Payne Avenue, east from 426 Hopkins to inner lot. Payson Avenue, north from Abbott rd. to 213 Bailey av. Peabody, north from 950 Elk to 1069 Seneca. 192 Perry. Peach, north from 208 Cherry to 323 Best. 257 E. North. Peacock, north-west from 46 Evans to 170 Erie. Pearl, north from Erie canal to 24 W, Tupper. 245 Court. 518 W. Tupper. Pearl Place, south from 521 Virginia to rear of St. Louis church. Peck, south from 1413 Broadway to Grimes. Peckham, east from 465 Jefferson to 200 feet west of Curtiss. 273 Smith. 531 Playter. Peconic, west from Potters rd. to Tuscarora. Pembina, west from 673 Hopkins to 340 Germania. Pembroke Avenue, east from 539 Grider to 536 Wyoming av. Penfield, east from 1363 Ni- agara to 1142 West av. Penhurst Park, north from Forest av. east of Elm- wood av. Pennsylvania, east from Erie canal to The Circle. 249 Fargo av. 420 The Circle. Peoria, north-west from 100 Grace to 97 Arthur. Peremont Place, north-west from Cazenovia. Perkins Place, east from 217 Dewitt to 368 Herkimer. Perry, east from 47 Main to 52 Dole. 269 Chicago. 533 Hamburg. 867 Smith. 1023 Peabody. 1305 Dole. Persia, north from 550 Doat to Scajaquada creek. Person, south from 1347 Broadway to N. Y. Cen tral tracks. 220 Schlenker. Peru Place, southeast from 823 Bailey av. Peter, north from 448 Am- herst to 52 Grote. Peterson, east from 1025 Fillmore av. to 315 Mills. Pfaudler, north from 720 E. Delavan av. Phelps, east from 114 Hal- bert to 2242 Fillmore av. Philadelphia Avenue, south- east from 300 Esser av. to N. Y. Central tracks. Piatti, east from 50 Yates to 75 Nelson. Picard Alley, north from 257 Clinton to 99 Wil- liam. Pine, north from 282 Swan to 125 Sycamore. 277 Broadway. Pink, east from 227 Lord to 144 Montgomery. Pittsburgh, north from Sa- voy to Baraga. Pixley Avenue, west from South Park av. to Zollers av. Playter, north from 144 Curtiss to 1087 Broad- way. Pleasant Place, north from 246 Florida to 200 E. Delavan av. Plymouth Avenue, north-west from 306 Hudson to 116 Breckenridge. 269 Connecticut. 547 Hampshire. 749 Breckenridge. Polish Place, south from 105 Seward to Buffalo creek. Pomeroy, north-east from Buffalo river to 1665 Seneca. Pomona Place, north-east from 1835 Seneca to Buf- falo creek. Pooley Place, east from 357 Dewitt to 468 Grant. Poplar Avenue, north from 836 Walden av. to 440 Doat. Portage, north from 546 E. Utica to 538 Glenwood av. Porter Avenue, east from Lake Erie to The Circle. 259 Niagara. 523 Fourteenth. 193 Portland, from 1200 Abbott rd, north-east to Caze- novia creek. Potomac Avenue, east from Erie canal to 1475 Dela- ware av. 251 Grant. 485 Richmond av. 721 Chapin pky. Potter, north from 48 Wil- liam to 173 Broadway. Potter's Corners Road, south-east from 1448 Ab- bott rd. to city line. 265 Niantic. Poultney, north from 904 Kensington av. to 2257 Amherst. Prairie, east from Fuller to 808 Tonawanda. Pratt, north from 448 Eagle to 379 Genesee. 269 Broadway. 451 Genesee. Prenatt, east from 1 Euclid pi. to Buffalo creek. 217 Lee. 495 Buffalo creek. Prenatt Alley, from 322 Ab- bott rd. to Prenatt. Preston, north from 344 W. Ferry to 335 Auburn av. Pries, southwest from 77 Triangle to Ulmer. Prim,e, north-west from 24 Main to 13 Commercial. Princeton Place, south-west from 2105 Seneca to Caz- enovia creek. Prospect Avenue, north-west from 165 W. Huron to 1017 Niagara. 251 Maryland. 531 Porter av. 739 Rhode Island. 949 Niagara. Pulaski, north from 1939 Clinton to 94 Griswold. Pullman Place, east from 85 Schutrum to 1650 Bailey av. Purdy, north from 169 Laurel to 88 Northland av. 181 E. Ferry. Putnam, north from 468 W, Ferry to 371 Lafayette av. Quarry, north from 127 Ce- ment to 380 E. Hertel av. Quay, east from 119 Mam to 138 Washington. Queen, east from 1763 Wil- liam to Goethe. Quincy, south from 1427 Broadway to 18 Amity. Bace, east from 515 Mili- tary rd. to Elmwood av. then east from Jarvis to Mobile. 241 Elmwood av. Railroad, east from 421 Hamburg to 19 Griffin. 287 Hydraulic. Ralph Alley, north from 142 Burton to 713 Vir- ginia. Ramsdell Avenue, west from 2692 Delaware av. to Grove. 244 Elmwood av. Randall, north from 20 Su- perior to 349 William. Randle, south from 2133 Genesee to 46 Hemenway. Range Avenue, north from Cement to La Salle av. Rano, east from 653 Tona- wanda to Harold av. 272 Bleeker av. Rapin Place, north from 488 Walden av. to 1699 Genesee. Rawlins, south from 1761 Genesee to Rohe. Reading, east from South Park av. to Hopkins. Red Jacket, north from 514 Elk to 589 Seneca. Redmond Avenue, north from 130 St. Lawrence av. to 824 Kenmore av. Reed, north from 876 Broad- way to 951 Genesee. 151 Sycamore. Rees, north from 286 Forest av. to Scajaquada creek. 238 Jessemine. Regent, east from 1359 Bai- ley av. to 235 Greene. Regina Place, north from 388 Florida to 18 Mohi- can av. Reimann, east from 367 Greene to city line. 221 Schiller. Remington Avenue, south- west from 1750 Seneca to Cazenovia creek. Remoleno, west from 814' S. Park av, to 187 Tri- angle. Republic, east from 193 Louisiana to 67 Ham- burg. Reservation, north from 536 Amherst to 149 Grote. Rex Place, north from 480 Northland av. to Buell. Rey, east from 183 Mort- imer, to 586 Jefferson. Reynolds Alley, south-east from 189 Pennsylvania. Rhode Island, east from 795 Front av. to 394 Rich- mond av. 223 Plymouth av. 535 Richmond av. Rich, north from 948 Gene- see to 679 Best. Richfield Avenue, east from 503 South Park av. to 519 South Side pky. Richlawn Avenue, north from 400 Leroy av. Richmond Avenue, north from The Circle to 475 Forest av. 241 Bryant. 525 Breckenridge. 760 Potomac av. Rlckert Avenue, north from 64 Sidney to 512 North- land av. Riley, east from 1321 Main to Humboldt pky. 327 Jefferson. 486 Wohlers. 725 Fillmore av. Ripley Place, north-west from 518 Connecticut to 430 Vermont. Ritt Avenue, east from 840 Military rd. to 232 Clay- ton. River, northwest from 203 Erie to 342 W. Genesee. Riverside Avenue, east from 2477 Niagara to 214 Rano. 238 Ontario. River View Place, south from 1817 Seneca to Caz- enovia creek. Roanoke Avenue, north from 1217 Hertel av. to Taun- ton. Roberts Avenue, south from 1641 Clinton to Penna. tracks. Robie, west from 2180 Main to 39 Parkside av. Robins, north-east from 1045 Abbott rd. to Caz- enovia creek. Rochester, north from Savoy to Baraga. Rochevot Alley, north from 29 Burton to 601 Vir- ginia. Rock, north-west from 343 W. Genesee to Wilkeson. Rodney, east from 2496 Main to 114 Hill. Roebling, north from Lang av. to 1128 E. Delavan av. Roehrer Avenue, north from 510 Best to 405 E. Ferry. 259 E. Utica. Roesch Avenue, east from Tonawanda to Kenmore av. 245 Rosedale. 433 Kenmore av. Roesser Avenue, east from Roberts av. to 73 Kel- burn. Roetzer, north from 146 Walden av. to 1340 Gene- see. Rogers Avenue, north from 2110 Genesee to Lang av. Rohe, east from Rapin pi. to 210 Sumner av. Rohr, north from 128 Wal- den av. to Northampton. Roland, east from Buffalo Southern tracks, crossing Hopkins to innner lot. Roma Avenue, north from 1500 E. Delavan av. to inner lot. Rommel, north from 1335 Broadway. Roosevelt Avenue, aast from Bailey av. south of Kens- ington av. to Eggert. Boot, east from Erie canal to 382 Trenton av. Rosalia, south from 946 Hertel av. to Belt Line tracks. Bose, north from 938 Vir- ginia to 365 E. North. 290 E. North. Bosedale, north from* 53 Zinns to 314 O'Neil. Boseville, east from 213 Larkin to Griffin. Boslyn, north from 1950 Genesee to Scajaquada creek. Boss Avenue, east from 946 Tonawanda to Bleeker av. Bother Avenue, north from 1164 Broadway to 120 Walden av. 195 Sycamore. Bounds Avenue, east from 3415 Bailey av. to Eggert. Boyal Avenue, east from 2444 Niagara to 276 On- tario. 266 Ontario. Buhl Avenue, east from 760 Military rd. to 150 Clay- ton. Buhland Avenue, south from 272 Walden av. crossing Sycamore to an inner lot. Bumsey Boad, north-east from Delaware av. to Am- herst. Bussell, east from 302 Park- side av. to N. T. Central tracks. 193 Rutgers, east from Bailey av. to Eggert. Buth Avenue, northwest from 393 Ontario to 191 Esser av. Butland, north-east from 1188 Abbott rd. to Caz- enovia creek. Byan, north-east from 2013 Seneca to 6 Frank av. Sage, north-east from 1800 Seneca to Buffalo creek. Saginaw, east from 67 Ham- burg south of O'Connell av. St. Clair, north east from 524 Ohio to South. St James Place, west from Chapin pky. to 891 Elm- wood av. St. John's Place, west from 54 Wadsworth to 26 Or- ton pi. St. Joseph Avenue, south from 537 Walden av. to 30' W. Shore av. St. Lawrence Avenue, east from Fitzgerald to Alden av. 215 Campbell av. St Louis Avenue, south from 1465 Genesee to Walden av St. Paul, earst from 1081 Main to 806 Welmont pi. St. Stanislaus Place, south from 136 Seward to Buf- falo creek. St. Stephen's Place, south from 195 Abbott rd. and east to Smith. Salem, north-east from 1292 Abbott rd. to Cazenovia creek. San Domingo AUeyi, east from 214 Emslie to 90 Clare. 180 Montgomery. Sanford, north f rom 180 Gesl to 135 Leroy av. Saranac Avenue, north from 180 Colvin to 214- Ta- coma. Saratoga, north from 244 Ontario to Tonawanda. Sattler, north f rom 395 Doat to Hemenway. Savoy, east from Buffalo Southern tracks to Hop- kins. 274 Germania. Sayre, west from 390 Mili- tary rd. to N. Y. Central tracks. Sayhrook Place, north and east from Chapin pky. to Pelaware av. Scatcherd, east from 118 Peabody. Scheu's .Park, from 41 Brinkman to 43 Sumner av. Schiller, north from 1742 William to 1995 Broad- way. 269 Vanderbilt. 495 Broadway. Schlenker, east from 58 Schmarbeck to 220 Per- son. Schmarbeck, north from 1310 Broadway to Sch- lenker. School, north-east from 995 Niagara to 161 Albany. Schuele Avenue, north from 1012 E. Ferry to 817 E. Delavan av. 292 E. Delavan av. Schutrum, north from 1560 Broadway to West Shore tracks. Schuyler, east from 11 Hag- erman to 2 Fillmore av. Scotia, north from Hertel av. to Taunton pi. Scott, east from 97 Main to 248 Chicago and from 369 Alabama to 358 Smith. 250 Chicago. 457 Alabama. 746 Hydraulic. Scoville Avenue, north from 80 Dorothy av. to 50 Manitoba. Seabrook, north-west from 95 Doyle av. to 430 O'Neil. Sears, north from 118 Cur- tiss to 1061 Broadway. Selkirk, north from 871 Elk to 975 Seneca. 192 Exchange. Seneca, east from 223 Main to city line. 279 Chicago. 500 Spring. 738 Emslie. 1069 Peabody. 1221 Imson. 1506 Bailev av. 1719 South Park av. 1940 Mineral Spring rd. 2270 Indian Church av. 2450 Wildwood. Seneca, West, west from 224 Main to 120 Erie. Seneca Parkside, south-west from 2231 Seneca to in- ner lot. Seneca Place, north from 248 Seneca to 59 Myrtle. Sessions, west from Virgil to 2635 Delaware av. Seventeenth, north from 150 Richmond av. to 395 Ver- mont. Seventh, north-west from 209 Court to 915 Front av. 246 Virginia. 525 Jersey. 741 Vermont. 925 Front av. Seward, east from Barnard to city line. Seymour, east from 610 Swan to Lord. Shawnee Avenue, east from 64 Richlawn to 35 Lib- erty av. Sheffield Avenue, east from 390 South Park av. to 1560 Abbott rd. 228 South Side pky. Shelton Square, junction of Main, Erie, Church and Niagara. Shenandoah Road, east from Abbott rd. to Tuscarora. Shepard, north from 1604 Broadway to West Shore. Sheridan Avenue, north from 874 E. Ferry to 695 E. Delavan av. 264 E. Delavan av. Sheridan Terrace, south from Massachusetts av. and Front av. to the Front . Sheriff Avenue, east from 792 Military rd. t© 183 Clayton. Sherman, north from 188 Howard to 565 Best. 283 Broadway. 563 Genesee. 735 Best. Sherwood, north from 250 Hampshire to 135 Arkan- sas. Shields Avenue, north-west from 554 W. Utica to 264 Massachusetts av. Shirley Avenue, east from 10 Cordova av. to 3280 Bailey av. 270 Lenox av. Short, from 422 Hertel av. north to 25 Gladstone. Shoshone, north from 1990 Hertel av. to Erie tracks. Shumway, north from 238 Howard to 791 Broadway. 225 Lovejoy. Sibley, south from 76 Down- ing to city line. 194 LOOKING WEST FROM SHELTON SQUARE VIEW AT THE FRONT Sidney, east from 687 Hum- boldt pky. to 1562 Fill- more av. Sidway, north from Erie tracks to 497 Elk, Sienkiewicz Place, east from 689 Fillmore av. to 234 Gibson. Simon, north from 15 Race to 27 Layer av. Sirrett, east from 609 Hop- kins to 210 Triangle. Sixteenth, north from 96 Richmond av. to 357 Ver- mont. Skillin, north-west from 574 Ontario to 265 O'Neil. 254 O'Neil. Sloan, east from Black Rock harbor to 1422 Niagara. Smith, north from Buffalo creek to 817 Broadway. 241 Elk. 465 Seneca. 793 Howard. 1027 Lovejoy. Sobieski, north from 1136 Broadway to 91 Walden av. 191 Sycamore. Soldiers' Place, Lincoln pky. and Bird av. South, east from 442 Ohio to 2 Hamburg. Southampton, east from 995 Ellicott to 1154 Jefferson. 191 Masten. Southard, north from 1222 Elk to 1273 Perry. South Cedar, north from 386 Seneca to 377 Swan. South Division, east from 309 Main to 110 Fillmore av. 279 Pine. 563 Jefferson. 759 Bond. 914 Fillmore av. South Michigan, south from Buffalo river opposit foot of Michigan to Sea Wall. South Ogden, north from 308 Mineral Spring rd. to 363 Dingens. 272 Casimir. 493 Griswold. South Park Avenue, north from city line to 1719 Seneca. 190 Marilla. 552 Tifft. 864 Abbott rd. 1119 Seneca. South Side Parkway, north from city line to Abbott rd. and South Park av. 263 Hollywood av. 556 Tifft. 728 Hubbell av. Spaulding, east from 580 Hopkins to 183 Triangle. Spencer, south from 1095 William to lot 58. Spiess, north from 1240 Genesee to 67 Bardol. Sprenger, north from 460 Doat to 2150 Genesee. 247 Genesee. Spring, north from 500 Sen- eca to 151 Cherry, 279 William. 529 Sycamore. Spruce, north-west from 304 Broadway to 31 Cherry. Staats, north from 165 Court to 134 Niagara. Stanislaus, east from 877 Fillmore av. to 86 Lath- rop. 213 Kosciuszko. Stanley, east from 1387 Bailey av. to 262 Greene. Stanton, north from 214 Howard to 763 Broad- way. 223 Lovejoy. Starin Avenue, north from 1630 Amherst to 1724 Hertel av. 211 Huntington av. State, north-east from 37 Water to 84 Canal. Station Alley, north from W. Mohawk to Genesee east of Pearl. Stephen Place, north from 175 Esser av. to 25 Eck- hert. Sterling Avenue, north from 275 Linden av. to Taun- ton pi. 238 Tacoma av. Stetson, south from 458 Howard to Metcalfe. Steuben Alley, east from 115 Clare to Fillmore av. Stevens, south-east from Mechanic to Erie canal. Stevens Avenue, north from 1042 E. Ferry to 848 E. Delavan av. 286 E. Delavan av. Stevenson Avenue, north- east from 1070 Abbott rd. to Cazenovia creek. Stewart, north from 937 Walden av. to 516 Doat. Stone, east from 1546 Bai- ley av. to 410 Greene. Storz Avenue, north from 420 E. Utica to 72 Wins- low av. 196 Strathmore Avenue, soutlh from 1222 Abbott rd. to 612 South Side pky. Strauss, north from 900 Broadway to 975 Genesee. 153 Sycamore. Suffolk, south from Rounds av. to Kensington av. Sugar, east from 2727 Bai- ley av. to city line. Summer, west from 1130 Main to 155 York 240 Elmwood av. 421 York. Summer Place, north from Perry to 1320 Seneca. Summit Avenue, north from 70 Oakwood to 535 Cres- cent av. 250 Amherst. Sumner Avenue, north from 150 West Shore av. to 248 Doat. 210 Rohe. Sunnyside Avenue, north from 548 Hertel av. to 12 Holmes av. Sunset, north from 650 Her- tel av. to 80 Race. Superior, east from 227 Spring to 310 Jefferson. Sussex, east from 460 Grider to 457 Northum- berland av. 220 Northumberland av. Sutton Lane, east from 3220 Main. Swan, east from 275 Main to 720 Seneca. 267 Chicago. 521 Hamburg. 713 Seneca. Swan, West, west from 276 Main to 163 Terrace. Sweeney, north from 974 Genesee to 717 Best. Sweet Avenue, north from 404 Lovejoy to 71 Wal- den av. 271 Stanislaus, t • 500 Walden av. Swinburne, north from 51 Amity to 1451 Broadway. Sycamore, east from 239 Oak to 447 Walden av. 243 Hickory. 445 Jefferson. 715 Herman. 1028 Rother av. 1266 Goodyear av. Sylvan Alley, north from 390 Clinton to 231 Wil- liam. Tacoma Avenue, east from 2475 Delaware av. to Varson. 253 Colvin av. TaH i*lace, east from 235 Starin av. to 237 Voor- hees av. Tarkio Place, east from Bailey av. to Eggert. Tamarack, north-east from 1236 Abbott rd. to Caz- enovia creek. Taunton, west from Dela- ware av. to 365 Norwalk av. 100 Lovering av. Taylor Place, from 15 Josie pi. north to 15 Macam- ley. Teller, north from 1600 Her- tel av. to Taunton. Tennessee, north from 44 South to 167 Mackinaw. Tennyson Avenue, north from 1105 Hertel a v. to 36 Tacoma av. Tenth, north-west from 244 Carolina to 247 Hudson. Teresa Place, south from 2231 Seneca to inner lot. Terrace, northwest from 156 Main to 180 Court. 240 Church. Texas, south from 1270 E. Delavan av. to Scaja- quada creek. Thackery, north from 1025 Hertel av. to Olive. Thatcher Avenue, north from 970 Kensington av. to 2316 Amherst. Theodore, north from 335 Doat to 2050 Genesee. Third, (heel-path of Erie canal), north from Gen- esee to Porter av. Thomas, north from 97 Met- calfe to 875 William. Thompson, northwest from 120 Parish to 121 Far- mer. 177 Austin. Thornton Avenue, west from 3105 Bailey av, to 98 Comstock av. Tiflfany Place, east from Wyoming av. south of Kensington. Tifft, east from 784 Ham- burg turnpike to 606 South Park av. and from 115 Ithaca pi. to 556 South Side pky. 594 Abby. 725 Hopkins. 955 South Park av. Tillinghast, west from 435 Parkside av. to 36 Col- vin. Timon, north from Dodge to 446 Northampton. Tioga, east from 2259 t)ela- ware av. to 31 Fairchild Pl. Titus Avenue, north from 1409 Broadway to 1246 Sycamore. 250 Sycamore. Toledo, south from 1420 Kenmore av. Tonawanda, north from 1649 Niagara to city line. 233 Amherst. 505 Hertel ave. 762 Ontario. 1020 Esser ave. 1269 City line. Tousey, north from 468 Broadway to 343 Syca- more. Town Line Road, east from 2736 Delaware av. to Englewood av. Townsend, north from 714 William to 899 Broadway. 269 Broadway. Townsend, west from Erie canal to L. Erie, opposit Hudson. Tracy, west from 314 Dela- ware av. to 277 Carolina. Tremont Avenue, north from 448 Bird av. to 445 Forest av. Trenton Avenue, north-west from 257 Court to 79 Pennsylvania. 210 Virginia. 419 Pennsylvania. Tresselt, east from 65 Dom- edian av. to 65 Eller av. Trestlei west from 1412 Bailey av. then south to 897 Lovejoy. Trestle Alley, north from 851 Lovejoy. Triangle, north-west from 504 South Park av. to 799 Abbott rd. 253 Good av. Trinidad Place, south from 167 Kensington av. Trinity, west from 376 Del- aware av. to 327 Virginia. Troost, east from Mandan to 60 Rosalia. Troupe, north from 1260 Seneca to Penna. tracks. Trowbridge, east from 480 Hopkins to 102 Triangle. Troy Place, north from 228 Ontario. Tryon Place, north from 338 Auburn av. to 313 Forest av. 225 Potomac av. Tupper, East, east from 707 Main to 718 Michigan. Tupper, West, west from 716 Main to 317 Vir- ginia. Tuscarora Road, south-east from 1500 Abbott rd. to Shenandoah rd. Tuxedo Place, north from 590 Hertel av. to 43 Holmes. Twelfth, north from 308 Virginia, to 311 Mary- land. Tyler, east from Erie tracks to 11 Cornell. Ullman, north-west from 236 Esser av. to 215 O'Neil. Ulmer Avenue, east from 451 Hopkins to Pries. Unger Avenue, south from 1741 Seneca to Cazenovia creek. Union, north from 250 Eagle to 89 William. Urban, east from 1308 Fill- more av. to 216 Moselle. 175 Kehr. Utica, East, east from 1381 Main to 1367 Fillmore av. 311 Jefferson. 587 Humboldt pky. 710 Fillmore av. Utica, West, west from 1382 Main to 293 Massachus- etts. 271 Elmwood av. 521 Rhode Island. Utley Alley, north-west from 144 Wilkeson to 203 Georgia. Vandalia, north from 126 South to 247 Mackinaw. Vanderbilt. east from 271 Greene to 269 Schiller. Vanduzer, north-east from Buffalo river to 1699 Sen- eca. Van Rensselaer, north from 627 Elk to 709 Seneca. 211 Carroll. Varson, north from 1650 Hertel av. to Taunton nl. Vary, east from 153 Spring TO 226 Jefferson. Vermont, east from 734 Front av. to 306 Rich- mond av. 249 Normal av. 483 Richmond av. Vernon Place, west from 2590 Main to 35 Fair- field. Verona, south-west from 290 Triangle to 40 Buf- falo. Verplanck, north from 264 E. Utica to 221 E. Ferry. 197 viaduct Place, Abbott rd. and Elk, Victoria, east from 2254 Fillmore av. to 85 Hill. Villa Avenue, east from 271] Delaware av. to Kasota av. Vincennes, east from 72 South to 193 Mackinaw. Vine, east from 157 Oak to 474 Michigan. Viola Park, west from 30 Daisy tt) Pansy pi. Virgil Avenue, north from 1172 Hertel av. to 20 Taunton. 250 Taunton. Virginia, north-east from Erie canal to Mariner st., thence east to 786 Jef- ferson. 271 West av. 552 Main. 725 Michigan. 997 Jefferson. Virginia Place, north from 472 Virginia to 82 Allen. Voorhees, north from 1686 Amherst to 1790 Hertel av. 213 Huntington av. Wabash, north from Ohio to Mackinaw. Wadsworth, north-west from 253 Allen to The Circle. Wagner Place, north from 730 Walden av. to inner lot. Wakefield Avenue, east from 2225 Fillmore av. to Richland av. Walden Avenue, east from 1139 Genesee to city line. 318 Moselle. 599 Bailey av. 715 Wood av. 1000 City line. Wallace Avenue, north from 99 Linden av. to 1647 Hertel av. Walnut, north from 376 Eagle to 317 Genesee. 241 Broadway. Walter, north from 996 Elk to 1115 Seneca. Warner Avenue, north from Newton to 1137 Broad- way. Warring, north from 60 Moeller to 1865 Genesee. Warwick Avenue, east from 564 Grider to 2336 Bai- ley av. 220 Northumberland av. 410 Bailey av. Washington, north from Buffalo river to 17 High. 237 Seneca. 525 E. Huron. 703 E. Tupper. 979 High. Wasmuth Avenue, north from 210 Walden av. to 1384 Genesee. Wasson, north from 1168 Seneca to Penna. tracks. Water, north-west from 22 Commercial to 270 Erie. Watson, north from 670 Eagle to 647 Broadway. 285 Peckham. Waverly, north from 204 Glenwood av. to 65 North- land av. 244 Northland av. Wayne, east from Erie canal to 108 Tonawanda. Weaver Avenue, north from 1955 Clinton to 308 Dingens. Webb, north-west from 28 Baker to 27 Mechanic. Weber, north from Lang av. to 1438 E. Delavan av. Webster Alley, south from 9 Seneca to rear 201 Main. Wecker, east from 10 Her- bert to Texas. Weimar, north from Buf- falo creek to 20 Griswold. 257 Clinton. Weiss, north from Buffalo creek to 191 Dingens. 287 Griswold. Welker, north from 282 E Utica to 247 E. Ferry. Welland, north-west from 245 Rano to 324 Ontario. Wells, north from 122 Ex- change to 121 Seneca. Wells Avenue, from 160 Zittel. north to 287 Min- eral Springs rd. Welmont Place, north from 92 North to 80 Best. Wempel, east of Main, a continuation of Amherst to Erie R. R. Wende, north from 1805 Genesee to Northland av. Werrick Alley, north from 154 Goodell to 137 Bur- ton. Wescott, east from Babcock to 50 Harrison. Wesley Avenue, north from 215 Beard av. to 1911 Hertel av. West Avenue, north-west from 268 Carolina to Al- bany and north from 106 Albany across Scajaquada creek to 29 Tonawanda. 265 Pennsylvania. 535 Vermont. 823 Albany. 1035 Auburn av. 1235 Potomac av. 1471 Scajaquada creek. West Bennett, north from 302 Clinton to 139 Wil- liam. West Delavan Avenue, (See Delavan av. west.) West Ferry. (See Ferry West). West Forest Avenue. (See Forest av. West.) West Genesee, (See Genesee West). West Huron.. (See Huron West). West Market, north from 120 Elk to Hamburg canal. Westminster, east from Bailey av. to Eggert. Westo Alley, west from Jef- ferson to Purdy south of E. Utica. West Mohawk. (See Mo- hawk, west). West Oakwood Place. (See Oakwood Place, west). West Parade Avenue, north from 634 Best to 596 Northampton. West Peckham, east from 3 69 Spring to 474 Jef- ferson. West Perry, west from 48 Main to 35 Prime. West Shore, east from Mil- ler av. to 1711 Bailey av. West Tupper. . ( See Tupper West.) West Utica. (See Utica, West.) Wex Avenue, south from 809 Walden av. to West Shore tracks. Weyand Avenue, north-east from 2068 Seneca to 58 Frank av. Wheelock, north from 2040 Clinton to 200 Griswold. Whitfield Avenue, east from 725 S. Park av. to 405 South Side pky. Whitlock, west from 115 Page. Whitney Place, northwest from 177 W. Chippewa to 221 Hudson. 217 Maryland. Wick, north from 1514 Broadway to West Shore tracks. 198 Wightman Avenue, east and north from Bailey av. to 87 Oliver. Wilbur, east from 506 Hop- kins. Wilcox, south from 1407 E. Delavan av. to Lang av. Wildwood Place, north-east from Beyer pi. east of Cazenovia Park. Wiley Place, east from 134 Skillen to Kenmore av. Wilkes Avenue, north from 1408 E. Delavan av. to Sugar. Wilkeson, east from Erie canal to 202 W. Mohawk. Willet, north from Buffalo creek to Dingens. 235 Casimir. 568 Dingens. William, east from 465 Michigan to city line. 250 Hickory. 502 Emslie. 761 Fillmore av. 1067 Depot. 1363 Erie tracks. ]570 Longnecker. 1721 N. Ogden. Willow Place, north from 30 Kingsley to Riley. Willowlawn, west from 2392 Main to Crescent av. Wilson, north from 740 Wil- liam to 1021 Genesee. 277 Broadway. 445 Sycamore. Winchester Avenue, north from 710 E. Ferry to 515 E. Delavan av.. 254 East Delavan av. Windsor Avenue, north from 750 Potomac av. to Dela- ware Park. Winona, north from 1134 Elk to 1200 Perry. 260 Perry. Winslow Avenue, east from 72 Dupont to Moselle. 343 Humboldt pky. 545 Kehr. Winspear Avenue, east from 3200 Main to 3452 Bai- ley av. 235 Lenox av. Winter, north-west from 400 Massachusetts to Hampshire. Woeppel, east from 857 Humboldt pky. to 1395 Fillmore av. Wohlers Avenue, north from 540 Best to 435 E. Ferry. 259 E. Utica. Wolte Avenue, north from 1058 Broadway to 15 Walden av. 181 Sycamore. Wood, south from Walden av. to 218 West Shore av. Woodbridge Avenue, west from 2860 Main to Park- side av. 217 Voorhees. 433 Parkside av. Woodbury Alley, north from Virginia west of N. Pearl. Woodlawn Avenue, east from 1477 Main to 1493 Fillmore av., also from inner lot across 309 Kehr. 247 Verplanck. 570 Humboldt pky. Woodside Avenue, east from 360 South Park av. to 1623 Abbott road. 224 South Side pky. Woodside Circle. South Side pky. at Choate. Woodward Avenue, north- west from Humboldt pky. to 575 Crescent av. 250 Jewett av. 495 Crescent av. Worcester Avenue, north from 606 Kensington av. to Leroy av. Wyoming Avenue, north from 1082 E. Ferry to 781 Kensington av. 280 E. Delavan av. 510 Maple Ridge av. Yale Place, south-west from 2067 Seneca to ' Caaen- ovia. Yates, south from 533 Am- herst to Scajaquada creek. York, north-east from 389 West av. to 140 Rich- mond av. Young, south from 1253 Broadway to N. Y. Cen- tral tracks. Zelmer, north from Doat to 2080 Genesee. Zenner, north from 1775 Genesee to 1175 North- • land av. Zinns Avenue, east from 22 A.rgus to Skillen. Zittel, east from 2166 Sen- eca to city line. Zollars Avenue, north from 300 Marilla, Street Railways. — All street car lines wholly within the city limits, and most of those running to out- side places are operated by the In- ternational Eailway Co., so named because one of its lines extends across the river at Niagara Falls and runs for several miles on Canadian soil. The ticket oflSice and principal waiting room is at Main and Court sts., and the general offices of the company are in Ellicott Square. All cars are operated by the overhead trolley, and the power used is elec- tricity from Niagara Falls. The fare within the city is 5 cents; chil- dren from 5 to 12 years, 3 cents. Tickets are sold for the convenience of employers and other patrons, but at the same price as cash fares. A transfer is given to take the passen- ger to his destination in the same general direction in which he started, but no circuit or round trip riding on one fare is allowd. The transfer must be secured when the fare is paid, and at each change of cars, the first car must be taken. In the central part of the city, south of Virginia st, the cars stop for passengers at the ''near^' cor- ner, i. e., before passing the cross street. Elsewhere they stop at the ''far^' corner. There are some ex- 199 ceptions to this rule, which are in- dicated by signs reading ''Cars stop here," hung from the trolley wires. EOUTES OF CITY CAE LINES. ABBOTT-SOUTH PARK. S. Divi- sion st. from Main to Washington, Perry, Michigan, Elk, Abbott Road, Triangle, South Park to Ridge Road, Lackawanna; return- ing same route to Perry, to Main to S. Division. Car every 7% minutes. BEST. S. Division st. from Main, to Ellicott, Tupper, Elm, Best, Wal- den to N. Y. C. R. R.; returning, Walden, Best, Elm, Swan to Main to S. Divisino. Car every 12 min- BROADWAY. Exchange st from El- licott to Washington to Broadway to City Line; returning same route. Car every 8 minutes. CAZENOVIA. Abbott Road from Triangle, to Cazenovia, to Seneca; returning same route. Car every 10 minutes. CHICAGO. S. Division st. from Main to Chestnut, Swan, Chica,go, Perry, Hamburg to Erie tracks; re- turning same route. Car every 10 minutes. CLINTON. E. Eagle st from Main, to Michigan, to Clinton, to City Line; returning Clinton, Emslie, Eagle, Michigan, N. Division to Main. Car every 7^ minutes. CONNECTICUT. Connecticut st from Niagara to Normal, Jersey, Ply- mouth, Cottage, Day's Park, Allen to Main; returning, Main from Allen to Virginia, Elmwood, Allen, Wadsworth, Fourteenth, Connecti- cut, Niagara to Main, Car every 15 minutes. EAST FERRY. East Ferry st. from Main to Bailey, to E. Dela- van, to City Line; returning same route. Car every 12 minutes. EAST UTICA. Main st. from Ter- race, E. Utica, French, Kehr, E. Ferry, Grider, Kensington, Bailey av. Car every 10 minutes. ELK. S. Division st. from Main to Washington, Perry, Michigan, Elk, to Seneca; returning same route to Perry, to Main, to S. Division. Car every 10 minutes. ELMWOOD. Elmwood av. from Hertel av. to Allen, Main, Seneca, Michigan, Exchange to Main. Car every 4 minutes from depots to Park; 15 minutes from Park to Hertel av. FILLMORE. Fillmore av. from Main to Smith, to Abbott Rd.; returning same route. Car every 9 minutes. FOREST. Forest av. from Niagara, to Delaware, Delavan, Linwood, Balcom, to Main; returning, Har- vard to Delavan and same route. Car every 8 minutes. GENESEE". Genesee st. from Pine Hill to Main, Perry, Washington, Genesee. Car every 7% minutes. GRANT. Niagara st. from Main to Carolina, West av., York, Ply- mouth, Hampsnire, Grant, Military rd., to Hertel; returning, Military rd., Grant, Hampshire, Normal, Jersey, Plymouth, Hudson, West av., Carolina, Niagara to Main Car every 7 minutes. HERTEL. Hertel av. from Main st., to Tonawanda st. and return. Car every 15 minutes. HOYT. Exchange st. from Michi- gan to Main, Allen; Wadsworth, Fourteenth, Rhode Island, Che- nango, Baynes, Forest av.; re- turning, Hoyt, Hampshire, Winter, Brayton Seventeenth, Connecticut, Normal, Jersey, Plymouth, Cot- tage, Virginia, Main, Seneca, Michigan. Car every 6 minutes. JEFFERSON. Jefferson st. from Main, to Swan, Seneca, Bailey, Triangle, South Park to Ridge rd., 200 Lackawanna; returning same route. Car every 7% minutes to Emslie and 15 minutes to Eidge rd. MAIN. Buffalo river to City Line. Car every 6 minutes. MAIN-ZOO. Main st. from Terrace, to Florence, Parkside, to Belt Line. Car every 15 minutes. MICHIGAN. Exchange st from Main to Michigan, E. Ferry to Main; returning, E. Ferry, Masten, North, Michigan, Exchange to Main. Car every 8 minutes. NIAGAEA-GEACE. Niagara st. from Main to Hertel av., Tona- wanda st., to Gra.ce; returning, Grace to Niagara to Main. Car every 6 minutes. NIAGARA-O'NEIL. Niagara st. from Main to Hertel av., Tona- wanda, O'Neil to Niagara; re- turning, same route. Car every 6 minutes. SENECA. S. Division st., from Main, to Washington, to Seneca to City Line; returning, Seneca to Main to S. Division. Car every 6 minutes. SYCAMOEE. Walden av. from City Line, to Sycamore, Huron, Wash- ington, S. Division, EUicott, E. Swan to Washington. Car every 9 minutes. WEST UTICA. W. Ferry st. from Niagara to Hampshire, Winter, Brayton, Utica, Main, E. Seneca, Michigan, Exchange; returning. Exchange to Main, W. Utica, Che- nango, W. Ferry to Niagara. Car every 8 minutes. WILLIAM. E. Eagle st. from Main, to Michigan, William to City Line; returning, William, Michigan, N. Division to Main. Car every ^Yo minutes. NOTE — The above car service is the day schedule. In the morning and evening the service is doubled. ALL NIGHT SERVICE. ABBOTT-SOU.TH PAEK. Cars leave leave Main and S. Division sts. on the hour, 1 a. m. to 5 a. m. Cars leave Eidge rd. hourly, 11.30 p. m. to 5.30 a. m. BEOADWAY. Cars from Main and Exchange hourly, 12.30 to 5.30 a. m., and cars from Broadway and City Line hourly, 12 midnight to 5 a. m. CLINTON. Cars from Main and N. Division hourly at 36 minutes past the hour, 12.36 a. m. to 5.36 a. m. Cars from City Line, 6 minutes past the hour, 1.06 a. m. to 5.06 a. m. EAST UTICA. Cars from Exchange and Main hourly, 2 to 5 a. m. From E. Ferry and Kehr hourly 2.30 to 5.30 a. m. ELMWOOD. Cars from N. Y. C. de- pot hourly at 30 minutes past the hour, 1.30 a. m. to 5.30 a. m. Cars from Elmwood av. and Belt Line, on the hour, 1 a. m. to 6 a. m. GENESEE. Cars from Exchange and Main half-hourly at 30 minutes past the hour, 1.30 a. m. to 5 a. m. Cars from Pine Hill on the half hour, 12.30 a. m. to 5.30 a. m. HOYT. Cars from N. Y. C. depot 28 and 58 minutes past the hour, 12.58 a. m. to 5.28 a. m. Cars from Hoyt and Forest on the hour and half past, 12.30 a. m. to 5 a. m. JEFFEESON. Cars from Main and Jefferson hourly, 12.50 to 4.50 a. m. Cars from Abbott rd. hourly, 1.20 to 4.20 a. m. MAIN. Cars from Main and Terrace at 3 and 33 minutes past the hour, 12.03 a. m. to 5.33 a. m. Cars from Main and City line at 3 and 33 min- utes past the hour, 12.33 a. m. to 5.33 a. m. NIAGAEA STEEET. Cars from Main and Terrace on the hour and half past, 1.30 a. m. to 5.30 a. m. 201 Cars from Tonawanda and Grace on the hour and half past, 1.00 to 5.30 a. m. SENECA. Cars from Main and 1:5. Division half hourly from 1 a. m. to 5.30 a. m. Cars from City Line half hourly from 12.30 to 5.30 a. m. Seneca night cars connect at Seneca and Emslie with night cars of Jefferson line. SYCAMORE. Cars from Exchange and Washington on the hour 1 a. m to 5 a. m. Cars from City Line hourly at 30 minutes past the hour, 12.30 to 5.30 a. m. WILLIAM. Cars from Main and N. Division half-hourly, 12.36 a. m. to 5.36 a. m. Cars from City Line half -hourly, 12.36 a,, m. to 5.06 a. m. INTERURBAN LINES. Other lines running to places outside of Buffalo are as follows: Some of them start from the Court st. waiting room, or Clinton st. opposit, and transfers good within the city limits are given to and from their cars. Others do not enter the city, but connect with some local line. BUFEALO AND DEPEW. Connects with Genesee st. line at Pine Hill. Leave Genesee st. at city limits 6 a. m.; then every 30 minutes ti'l 12 p. m. Leave Depew at 6 a. m.; then every 30 minutes till 11.30 p. m. BUFFALO AND HAMBURG. Leaves South Park 6.25 a. m.; then every 30 minutes to 8 a. m.; then every 30 minutes to 9 p. m.; then every 30 minutes to 1 a. m. Leaves Ham- burg 5.55 a. m.; then every 30 min- utes to 9 p. m.; then every 30 min- utes to 12.25 a. m. BUFFALO, DEPEW AND LANCAS- TER. From Main and Clinton sts. 15 and 45 minutes after the hour, to Broadway, to City line, to De pew and Lancaster, every half hour. GRAND ISLAND FERRY. From Niagara and O'Neil sts. to Grand Island Ferry every 15 minutes. KENMORE AND TONAWANDA. From Terrace, Main, Hertel, Vir- gil, Kenmore, Delaware; thru Ton- awandas to Gratwick. Car every 30 minutes. LOCKPORT AND OLCOTT. From Court, Main, to Erie R. R. Tona- wandas, Lockport, and Olcott Beach. Car for Lockport leaves Main and Michigan sts. at 5.18 a. m.; leaves Court st. at 6.05 a. m. and every half hour to 5.05 p. m. Car for Olcott leaves Lockport 20 minutes after the hour. NIAGARA FALLS. From Main, Court, Niagara, Amherst, Military rd. to Tonawanda, LaSalle, Niag- ara Falls. Car every 15 minutes, from 5.15 a. m. to 12 p. m., and at 1.30, 3.10 and 5 a. m. BUFFALO AND WILLIAMSVILLE. Connects with Main st. line. Leaves Main st. at city limits 6.15, 7.05, 8 a. ni.; then every 30 minutes to 10.30 p. m.; then 11.30 p. m. Sat- urdays till 12 p. m. Leave Will- iamsville 5.45, 6.45, 7.30 a. m.; then every 30 minutes to 11 p. m. Sun- days, leave city line every 20 min- utes after 9 a. m. to 12 noon; 30 minutes to 2 p. m.; every 12 min- utes to 9 p. m. Last car leaves Williamsville 11 p. m. BUFFALO SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY. HAMBURG AND ORCHARD PARK Division. Clinton st. from Main to Washington, to S. Division, to S. Cedar, to E. Swan, to Seneca, to city line, thence to Orchard Park and Hamburg. Cars leave Main and Clinton sts. every hour from 7.05 a. m. to 12.05 a. m.; ex- tra car leaves at 5.30 p. m. Cars leave Hamburg every hour from 5.40 a. m. to 11.40 p. m. Fare from city line 15c., round trip 25c. 202 GARDENVlLLE A:N"D EBENEZER Division. Connecting with Sene- ca st. line. Leave Seneca st. at city limits every half hour from 6 a. m. to 10 p. m., then at 11 and 12 p. m. Sunday 15 minute ser- vice. Fare to city limits 5c.; from city limits to G-ardenville and Ebenezer, 5c. Distance from cor- ner Seneca and Main sts., 4i/4 miles. EBENEZER AND EAST SENECA Division, Cars leave city line at Seneca st. every half hour from 6.15 a. m. to 9.15 p. m., then hour- ly to 12.15 a. m. Distance 5 miles; fare 5c. THE BUFFALO AND LAKE ERIE TRACTION CO. runs a line, called the Grape Belt Route, from Buffalo along the shore of L. Erie to Erie, Pa., a distance of 90 miles. There is also a branch thru Lacka- wanna and West Seneca to Ham- burg. The local trolley lines in Dunkirk and Erie are part of this system, and the company also oper- ates the Jamestown, Chautauqua & L. Erie steam railroad and the steam- boats on Chautauqua Lake. Three delightful summer resorts — Orchard Beach, at North East, Pa., Walda- meer Park, at Erie and Midway Park on L. Chautauqua — are also the property of the company. Its general office is in Buffalo, in the Brisbane Bldg. The ticket office and waiting room are at Clinton and Ellicott sts. and the route of the cars within the city limits is thru Clinton, Oak and Louisiana sts. and along the Hamburg turnpike to Lackawanna. This road carries freight as well as passengers and has a freight and express terminal on S. Cedar st. near Seneca, The most important places on the Grape Belt Route are Lackawanna Athol Springs, Wanakah, Angola, Farnham, Irving, Silver Greek, Dun- kirk, Fredonia, Brocton, Westfield, Ripley, North East and Erie. Further particulars will be found in this Guide under the names of these and other places on the line, also in the handsome folder issued by the com- pany. Streets, Bureau of. — This is a Divi- sion of the department of public works, under a deputy commissioner. The bureau has charge of the clean- ing of streets and sewers, including the removal of snow and ice, the removal of ashes and garbage from houses and stores, lighting the streets and city buildings, the num- bering of buildings, placing street- name signs and related matters. It issues permits for the erection of business signs, for the temporary use of sidewalks during building op- erations and for moving buildings thru the streets. Present Deputy Street Commissioner, Thomas W. Kennedy. Summer Resorts. — Buffalo itself possesses nearly all the attractions of the best summer resorts. Its tem- perature is kept cool and invigorat- ing during July and August by the breezes from L. Erie; it has excel- lent hotels, livery stables and auto- mobile garages; and for amusements there are charming drives thru its parks and weil shaded avenues; also billiards, bowling, golf, boating, fish- ing, yachting and the theaters. Bath- ing beaches are just across the river. The convenient trolley is always at hand, and so are the stores, where the visitor can buy anything needed unexpectedly. Reading is furnisht by the book and periodical stores and the public libraries. The mail, telegraf and telefone service is of the best, and no resort at the sea- shore or in the mountains has so many places of interest to visit. 203 Niagara Falls, the greatest natural wonder this side of the Eocky Moun- tains, is close at hand. There are also various pleasure resorts around Buffalo that are frequented by the residents of the city for change and recreation, but they are not so much of a necessity, and so they are not so large nor so numerous as those near less favord cities. Among these are the Bedell House, Crystal Beach, Electric Beach, Fort Erie, Niagara-on-the-Lake and Olcott Beach, which are described in separ- ate articles. Supervisors. — The board of super- visors is the legislative body of Erie county, and consists of 50 mem- bers, one elected in each of the 25 towns in the county and one in each of the 25 wards of Buffalo. Their term of office is two years. The present chairman of the board is Asher B. Emery. T Taxes* — The general tax on prop- erty in Buffalo is levied in two parts — the city tax, which is payable af- ter July 1st, and the county tax, pay- able after Jan. 15th in each year. Any assessments for public improve- ments levid in the preceding 12 months are put on the same bill with the general city tax. A non- resident owner of property may ap- point an agent in the city and notify the assessors, who will have notices of local assessments sent to the agent. If the city tax remains unpaid after Aug. 1st, an addition of one per cent is made to it and interest is charged at the rate of 6 per cent from Aug. 1st until it is paid. If not paid before March 1st following, a penalty of 5 per cent on the total amount then due is added, and the interest continues until the property is sold for unpaid taxes. On May 1st, $1 additional is charged against each parcel for publication of the notices of sale. The tax sale usually takes place in May and must take place before June 30th. Taxicabs. — There is only one com- pany in the city furnishing a taxi- meter cab service — The Buffalo Tax- icab Company. Their charges are regulated by an • accurate, seald meter, not by the driver, and are for the distance actually traveld, or for the time during which the cab is kept waiting. The meter shows the amount of the fare and the passen- ger pays only what the meter shows. This method has come into general favor in Buffalo, as in other cities, because it is rational, and for direct trips is in the great majority of cases much lower than any other rate can be. Compare the meter charge of 50 or , 60 cents for one to five 204 TAKING A BUFFALO TAXICAB A CORNER IN THEiTECK CAFE 205 persons from the New York Central depot to the principal hotels with the ordinary cab charge of 50 cents for each person. The rates establisht by the Taxi- cab Co. are 70c. for the first mile, 40c. for each additional mile, and $1.50 an hour for waiting time. For driving and sightseeing the rate is $3 an hour. The rates are the same lor from 1 to 5 persons. Cabs may be taken on the street, or may be calld by telefone from the company's garage, at 32 Edward st. THE TOUKING CAE EQUIP- MENT of this company is the most complete in the city. Their rates are by the hour, day or week. Teck Cafe — The attractive Teck (!afe and Restaurant, in the Teck Theater building, was newly decorat- ed and furnisht in 1909, and re- opend under the management of Hull & Tucker. This is a most satisfac- tory place for regular meals or for little suppers after the theater, and special attention is paid to tourists. zi. corner ot tne restaurant is shown in a picture on the opposit page. Telefone Service. — Two companies, the New York Telephone Co., operat- ing the Bell feystem, and the Federal Telephone and Telegraph Co., oper- ating the Frontier System, provide local telefone service, and each has its field of long distance connections. The Buiialo office of the Bell system is at 14-16 W. Seneca st., and that of the Frontier is at 332 Ellicott st. Besides installing private instru- ments and branch exchanges in busi- ness places, hotels a.nd residences, each company has many public pay- stations in stores, office buildings and railroad depots. The charge is 5c. for three minutes' conversation with- in the city and the usual toll rates to outside points. See separate ar- ticles under Bell and Frontier. Telegraf Service. — Both the West- ern Union Telegraph Co. and the Postal Telegraph and Cable Co. have several offices in the city, from which messengers may be calld to take messages, by means of the call boxes placed in mr»nv stores, hotels and offices, or by telefone. Messages are also accepted over the telefone from persons who are known at the main offices of the companies. The name and address of one member of any business concern will be registerd by the companies, and when a mes- sage for the concern is receivd out- side of business hours, it will be tele- foned to that member. The follow- ing are the local offices of the two companies: POSTAL, 156 Pearl st. WESTERN UNION, 281, 995, and 1512 Main st., 342 Pearl st., 524 and 1579 Niagara st., William and Depot sts. Theaters. — Both the residents of Buffalo and the traveling public like to be entertaind, and this desire is amply provided for here. There is no stock theater in the city, hence many different people may be seen on the boards of each house in a sea- son. The majority of the attractions bookt at the local play-houses are musical or the lighter kind pf drama. A change of bill weekly or twice a week is the rule and longer runs the exception. Following is a list of the Buffalo theaters, with the chief facts about each: GARDEN, 164-72 Pearl st. Yaude ville; evenings at 8.30; daily mati- nees at 2.30. Prices 10c. to 50c. Charles E. Wince, manager. LAFAYETTE, 2-6 Broadway. Bur- lesque and vaudeville; evenings at 8.30; daily matinees at 2.30. Prices 10c. to 75c. Charles M. B&gg, manager. 206 LYEIC, 447-49 Washington st. Pop- ular drama; evenings at 8.15; mati- nees Tuesday, Thursday and Sat- urday at 2.15. Sunday concerts at 8.15. Prices 15c. to 75c. John Laughlin, manager. SHEA 'S, 4U-48 Court st. High grade vaudeville; evenings at 8.30; daily matinees at 2.30. Prices 15c. to 75c. Michael Shea, manager. STAE, W. Genesee and Moha,wk sts. A high class theater, playing the best stars and all the biggest and best dramatic and musical attrac- tions. The interior was remod- eld in 1909, making it one of the best arranged theaters in the coun- try. Evenings at 8.15; matinees Wednesday and Saturday at 2.15. Prices 25c to $1.50. P. C. Cornell, manager. TECK, 768-76 Main st. Plays only high class attractions; evenings at 8.15; matinees AVednesday and Sat- urday at 2.15. Prices 25c. to $1.50. J. E. Oishei, manager. Tifft Farm. — A large, tract of land at the southwestern corner of the city, fronting on the lake. Part of it has been sub-divided for manufac- turing plants and freight terminals. Tonawanda.— The town of Tona- wanda adjoins Buffalo on the north and extends along the Niagara river to Tonawanda creek. The city of Tonawanda was for- merly the northwestern part of the town, lying on the river and creek. It is 11 miles from Buffalo, and is reached by N. Y. Central or Erie railroad, fare 15c., round trip 25c., or by Tonawanda, Niagara Falls or Lockport electric cars, fare 15c., round trip 25c. It has a national bank, a public library, 10 churches, and a company of the 74th Eegt., N. U. S. N. Y. Population about 11,000. Tonawanda and North Tonawanda are calld the Twin Cities and form practically a single mercantile dis- trict, with the Erie canal passing thru its center, bounded on one side by a navigable river, and either tra- verst by or having close connections with 15 railroads. It is a notably important district, for in the first place it is the largest lumber mar- ivct in the world. Along the water front are hundreds of acres devoted to lumber yards, and the quantity handled in a year exceeds 500,000,000 feet. The iron industries are nearly as important. Hundreds of thous- ands of tons of ore are smelted each year in its preat iron and ste^l plants. The largest nut and bolt factory in the world is here, while engines, boilers, structural steel, radi- ators, steam pipe and many other manufactures of iron are produced in large quantities. There are also ex- tensive factories for making merry- go-rounds, swings, miniature railways and similar amusement devices, auto- matic organs and pianos, silk gloves, cordage, paper bags, pasteboard, as- falt roofing, bank statiorery, etc., etc. The facilities for shipping to- gether with cheap and convenient power from Niagara Falls, and a reli- able class of labor are constantly in- creasing the industries of the Tona- wandas. A large fleet of steamers is required to carry that part of the freight shipt to and from the Twin Cities over the great lakes or the canal, and many of these boats are ownd by local capital. The rail- roads carry even more freight than the water lines and only two cities in the State, New York and Buffalo, exceed this locality as shippers of freight. A drive thru the residence streets reveals many beautiful homes, and the broad river, the canal and tributary creeks and the surround- ing country afford many pleasures for leisure hours. 207 Treasurer, City — This officer is elected by the people of the city for a term of 4 years. No one can be elected to this office for two terms in succession. The Treasurer re- ceives the city taxes and all other monies belonging to the city, and pays out the same on warrants issued by the proper officers. He also has the custody of the police pension fund and the firemen's relief and pension fund. All these monies are deposited by him in banks designated by the Common Council. The city treasurer's office is on the first floor of the city hall. Present City Treas- urer, Neil McEachren. Trolley Trips. — Most persons have much to learn about the delights of little journeys by trolley cars. Elec- tric roads, as a rule, run thru the prinicipal streets of cities and vil- lages and the most traveld high- ways in the country districts, taking the passenger in amonst the traffic along the route and affording close views of the chief places of interest. In the article Seeing Buffalo, sev- eral trips within the city limits are described. The following are some of those that can be made to out- side points: TRIP No. 1. To FORT NIAG- ARA, 36 miles. Take a Niagara Falls car to the terminal station at Niagara Falls; round trip, 50c. Thence take a Gorge Route car to Lewiston, and change there to a Youngstown, car for Fort Niagara; round trip from Niagara Falls, 95c. The route is up Niagara st., de- scribed in Seeing Buffalo Route No, 1, to Tonawanda st.. to Amherst st., to Military Road, thru Tonawanda, ^iorth Tonawanda and LaSalle to Ni- agara Falls. On the Military Road, the car speeds for more than 5 miles in a straight line thru a stretch of level country that will afford room for Buffalo's expansion for many years to come. Within the city limits, a beginning only has been made in using a. part of this great plain for sites of large manufacturing plants. North of Kenmore av., the Military rd. is the western boundary of Kenmore, a thriving village of suburban homes. Passing thru Tonawanda, the car crosses Tonawanda creek, which here serves as a section of the Erie canal, and enters North Tonawanda. A few only of the busy factories and vast lumber yards of the Twin Cities can be seen from the car windows. In the northern part of North Ton- awanda, the track turns west and climbs a high trestle, affording a pleasant view of Grand Hand, then' turns north and runs for a consi'd- erable distance close to the Niagara river. Passing thru LaSalle, the boulder marking the location of the Griffon ship yard is seen at the side of the road on the left. Within the limits of Niagara Falls the car passes a number of important manu- facturing works groupt around the famous power house of the Niagara Falls Power Co. The trip thru the Niagara Gorg-e is described elsewhere in this Guide. From Lewiston to Fort Niagara the ride is thru a fertil orchard district along the bank of the broad and placid lower reach of the Niagara river. TRIP No. 2. To PORT DAL- HOUSIE, Ont., 39 miles. Take a Niagara Falls ear to terminal station at Niagara Falls; round trip, 50c. Thence take a St. Catharines car to Port Dalhousie; round trip from Ni- agara, Falls, 80c.; time, 1 hr. 50 min. each way. Leaving the terminal sta- tion at 10 minutes past the hour, the St. Catharines car cros.ses the Upper Steel Arch bridge, runs down the edge of the Gorge for about two miles, and then turns west thru the principal streets of Niagara Falls, Ont. Leaving the city, the line tra- verses a garden of vineyards and peach orchards in the great fruit belt of Canada, soon passing the village of Stamford and the monument mark ing the battle ground of Beaver Dams (See Lundy's Lane). Thorold, the next town, is situated on the brow of the Niagara escarpment, and here the line crosses the Welland canal. From Thorold the road runs between the old and the new Welland canals to Merriton, passing the many paper and pulp mills and large cotton mills of the district. Next comes the beautiful city of St. Catharines, having many large industries ' and famous for its mineral springs and baths. The Welland Hotel and Sani- tarium is located in the center of the city. Here also is Eidley Col- lege for boys. It is 4 miles from here to Port Dalhousie, and the road leads thru one vast peach orchard. Skirt- ing the old Welland canal, we pass Barnesdale and its great winery on the way to Martindale. We are now running parallel with the famous Canadian Henley Course, absolutely protected, thus guaranteeing smooth water at any time. Port Dalhousie is at the L. Ontario outlet of the new Welland canal and is also a famous summer resort. From here steamers run to Toronto four times a day during the summer months. TRIP No. 3. To ERIE, Pa., 90 miles. Buffalo and L. Erie Traction Co. 's cars run the whole distance; round trip, $2.9-0 ; time, 4 hrs. 50 min. each way. Leaving Buffalo by the Hamburg turnpike, the route runs along the lake shore, past the Lacka- wanna Steel Plant, thru the residence and summer cottage localities of Athol Springs, Wanakah, Nor^h Evans and Angola. Other places on the eastern division of the line are Farnham, where there is a militia camp ground, Irving in the Cattarau- gus Indian Reservation, Silver Creek, a thriving village, Dunkirk, which is a busy lake port with a pretty summer resort at Point Gratiot, and Fredonia, a notably attractive town three miles inland. Beyond Fredonia are Brocton, the chief center of the grape and wine industry of Western - New York, Westfield, an old and wealthy place and the junction point for Chautauqua, and Jamestown, and then Ripley, the last town in New York State. Cross- ing the line into Pennsylvania, we come to North East, which has sev- eral factories and does a large busi- ness in grapes, and passing thru Har- bor Creek and Wesleyville, we come to Erie, at the end of the route. Erie is a live, up-to-date city, with nearly 75,000 population. It has a perfect lake harbor, considerable shipping and many factories. Its res- idence sections are as attractive as its business section is bustling. On Presque Isle, which protects Erie harbor, is Waldameer, a most de- lightful summer resort ownd by the Traction Co. Other like resorts which are the property of the com- pany are Orchard Beach, at North East, and Midway Park, on Chau- tauqua, Lake. From Erie trips can be taken by trolley cars to Cambridge Springs, Pa., the famous health resort, and to Conneaut, O., where connections can be made with electric roads run- ning to Cleveland, Columbus, Pitts- burg, Cincinnati, Toledo, Detroit and ('hicago. TRIP No. 4. To ROCHESTER, 69 miles. Take a Lockport car to Lock- port; round trip, 50c.; time. 1 hr. Thence take a car to Rochester; round trip, $2.20; time 2 hrs. 12 min. to 2 hrs. 45 min. The route is up 209 Main st. to the Erie crossing, just be- yond Hertel av., thence following the line of the Erie railroad thru Tonawanda to North Tonawanda, thence turning east and traversing the villages of Hoffman, Pendleton, and Hodgeville to Lockport. The second section of the trip runs thru the busy manufacturing towns of Gasport and Middleport, thru Me- dina, where the well known build- ing stone comes from, and then thru Albion, the county seat of Orleans county, Holley and Brockport. TEIP No. 5. To LITTLE FALLS, 224 miles. Follow Trip No. 4 to Eochester, thence by Eochester, Syr- acuse & Eastern Eailroad to Syra- cuse; round trip, $2.40; time, on local trains, 3 hrs. 40 min., limited trains 2 hrs. 50 min.; thence by Oneida Eailway (electrified West Shore), to Utica; time on limited trains, 1 hr. 28 min., and by Utica & Mohawk Valley Eailway to Little Falls; round trip between Syracuse and Little Falls, $2.15. Syracuse is a thriving city of about 130,000 population and the cen- ter of the New York salt industry. Its points of interest are Syracuse University, the State Fair Grounds, Onondaga County Soldiers' and Sail- ors' monument, Fayette Park, and the Cathedral of the Immaculate Con- ception. East of Syracuse the route passes thru Chittenango, which has sulfur springs, Canastota,, a lively manufacturing village, Oneida, a manufacturing city of 9,000 popula- tion and the center of a rich hop and dairy district, and many pleas- ant farming hamlets. Beyond Oneida is Sherrill, where hardware is made by the Oneida Community, the seat of which is in the neighboring vil- lage of Kenwood, and beyond Sher- rill is Vernon, where the yearly agri- cultural fair of Oneida county is held, Utica, with its elm-archt avenues, handsome dwellings and fine public buildings, is one of the most delight- ful cities. Of especial interest to visitors here are the Soldiers' and Sailors' monument, the Munson- Williams Memorial, with its interest- ing collection of old battle flags, relics and curios, the Masonic Home, public library, and Oneida county court house. The run from Utica down the Mohawk valley takes the passenger thru one of the most picturesque regions of New York State. About half-way to Little Falls is Ilion, from which place the Eemington fire- arms and typewriters are sent out to all quarters of the globe. East of Ilion is Herkimer, the county seat of Herkimer county, having a poulation of 6,000 to 7,000. On the eastern outskirts of the village, the Utica and Mohawk valley tracks are carrid over the JS. Y. Central railroad and W. Canada creek by Herkimer bridge, 1,212 feet long, comprising a series of concrete arches 66 feet in length, and a central steel span of 225 feet. At the time of its erection, ••oncrete bridge work was in the experimental stage, and the boldness of its design attracted the attention of engineers far and near. Little Falls, the end of Trip 5, has a population of about 13,000, It is a prosperous manufac- turing place and distributes knit goods and other products all over the country. The city is built on the steep slope of a hill, where the Mo hawk river runs thru a gorge, and from the high places within its limits the finest of views can be had in all directions. Side trips can be made from Syra- cuse to Auburn, to Fulton and Oneida L'kke; from Utica to Eome, and from Mohawk to Richfield Springs, Coop- erstown and Oneonta, 2J0 Tuscarora Indian Reservation. — A tract of more than 6,000 acres in the township of Lewiston. A square mile of this tract was given to the Tusca- rora tribe by the Seneca Indians in 1780 and the rest was added later by the Holland Land Co. and the U. S. government. u University of Buflfalo.^The de- partments now comprised in the uni- versity are four professional schools — medicine, pharmacy, law and den- tistry. The present university build- ings were erected in 1893 and 1896 and stand on a plot running thru from High to Goodrich st., near Main st. The three scientific departments are housed here and the law school occupies rooms in Ellicott Square. The total number of students is near- ly 500. The university was incorporated May 11th, 1846. Its first chancellor was Millard Fillmore, who served 28 years, and his successors have been Orsamus H. Marshall, E. Carlton Sprague, James O. Putnam and Wil- son S. Bissell. The present chancel- lor is Charles P. Norton, and the secretary of the University Council is Frank M. Hollister. The ' Medical Department was or- ganized in 1846, and for 40 years was the only department of the uni- versity. It grew rapidly from the start and has ever maintaind a high standard of medical education, and has been distinguisht for advanced methods of teaching. It occupied for the first 3 years an old church build- ing at Washington and Seneca sts., and then a building erected for it at Main and Virginia sts., removing in 1893 to its present home. In 1898 the medical school of Niagara Uni- versity was united with this depart- ment, and since then the University of Buffalo has had the only medical school within a radius of 150 miles, in United States territory. Among its professors of prominence in their profession have been Drs. James P. White, Frank H. Hamilton, Austin Flint, John C. Dalton, Thomas F. EocTiester, Austin Flint, Jr., Julius 211 A. Miner, Charles A. Doremus, Mat- thew D. Mann, Kudolph A. Witthaus, Roswell Park, and Charles G. Stock- ton. The course is now 4 years. Tuition and laboratory fees amount to $140 to $185 a year. Since 1898, special research work has been carrid on by State aid, under the direction of the medical faculty, upon the causes and treat- ment of cancer. In 1901 a building known as the Gratwick Research Lab- oratory was erected and equipt for thic. work, thru the generosity of Mrs. William H. Gratwick and other i.riends &f scientific research. It siands on High st., opposit the Gen- eral Hospital. The Department of Pharmacy was organized in 1886. Its course covers two years and a portion of the medi- cal department building is set apart for its use. Laboratory instruction has been a prominent feature of the course from the beginning, nearly or quite half of the instruction being of this practical nature. Tuition fees are $100 a year. This depart- ment gives also a course in Analytic- al Chemistry^ covering 3 years. Tu- ition fee, $150 a year. In 1891 the third department wrs added, when the Buffalo Law School, founded in 1887, became the Depart- ment of Law of the university. The organizers of the school believd that instruction in law could best be given by lawyers who were engaged in the active practice of their profes- sion. Accordingly, its professors are all either judges of the Supreme Court or practising attorneys, and the school is located in Ellicott Sq., in the midst of law offices, between which and the class-rooms many of the students divide their time. The course covers two years, leading to the degree of L. L. B., and the tui- tion fee is $100 a year. The Department of Dentistry' was organized in 1892 and from its sec- ond term occupied part of the new building of the medical department. Its growth was so rapid that a three- story building was erected for it on the Goodrich st. end of the university proi)erty, in 1896, and a further in- crease in attendance compeld the ad- dition of a fourth story in 1902. Dr. Wm. C. Barrett was the first dean, serving till his death in 1903. The course is 3 years and the tuition, fee is $150 a year. Until recent years the university idea has found little place in this grouj) of professional schools. In order to foster a spirit of unity among the several departments, a University Day was establisht in 1901. It is celebrated on February 22nd each year by exercises in which the city officials and the public join with the members of the university. Efforts are being made to found a college or department of arts in connection with the university. These efforts have been so far suc- cessful that in 1909 a tract of 106.55 acres at Main st. and the city line was bought as a location for the college. Funds for its buildings and endowment are now being raisd. In 1910 a bill past the State legislature permitting the city of Buffalo to contribute $75,000 of school money to the university each year in ex- change for scholarships. 212 c z < vn O tx) C > r O m D o > r D "0 > i-i m z H 218 V Vosburgh & Whiting's Store — To see a representative Buffalo store in the line of stationery and office supplies, go to 15, 17 and 19 E. Swan St., where the Vosburgh & Whiting Co. is located. Year by year the business of this progressive concern has expanded, until it requires not the Wagemaker Co. Business Sys- tems — sectional and solid cabinets for tiling anything that is to be filed, except a saw. The Vosburgh & Whiting Co. has the agency for the Art Metal Construction' Co. 's steel filing cabinets and furniture, whose motto, ' ' Won 't Burn, ' ' attracts the careful business man. Also for the Dick Steel Safe-Cabinet, which has been tested to a white heat without STORE OF THE VOSBURGH & WHITING CO. only the extensive ground floor ware- rooms, at the above location, but also three entire basements for stor- age, and an annex on Pearl st. for storage and wholesale shipments. This company handles a large retail business in general and commercial stationery, including the equipment of mercantile offices with everything from lead pencils up to fixtures and furniture, also an extensive whole- sale and jobbing trade. Among the special lines carrid is injury to the papers within, and the Toledo Metal Furniture Co. 's tvpe- writer cabinet, chairs, etc., which are winning golden opinions. The Vosburgh & Whiting Co. is agent for the Sheppard Loose Leaf Line, including the King Eound Back ledger, also for the ''Loose-Leaf" accounting systems, embracing cash records, trial balances, order regis- ters, pay rolls, etc. Other specialties are the "Are and Be" flat-opening, loose-leaf ledgers, the Hale sectional 214 book-eases, the Eotary Keostyle, the Addressograph — a machine for ad- dressing envelopes and postal cards — and the Map and Tack Kouting Sys- tem, which enables the manager of a concern, to see at a glance the where- abouts of all his traveling salesmen. In the jobbing business, the Vos burgh & Whiting Co. is rated the largest concern in the State outside of New York City. w Wajiakah is a summer cottage re- sort on the shore of L. Erie, 12 miles southwest of Buffalo. Reached by Lake Shore or Pennsylvania railroad; fare 35c., round trip 55c. Also by Buffalo & L. Erie electric cars; fare 25c.; round trip 45c. The summer residents have a golf club with excel- lent liniis. Water, Bureau of- — This is a divi- sion of tne department of public works under a deputy commissioner. The bureau has charge of the city water works, including the pumping station, street mains and hydrants, and collects the water rates. Its of- fice is on the ground floor of the Municipal building. The city water suppiy is obtaind from L. Erie thru an intake opposit the pumping sta- tion at the foot of Massachusetts av. The water is pumpt into the street mains, and for high service into the reservoir on Best st. and the water tower at Kensington av. a,nd Grider st. In the pumping sta.tion, there are 7 steam and 2 electric pumps in operation day and night, having" a total capacity of 202,000,000 gallons in 24 hours A new pumping station is being built at the foot of Porter av. and a new intake in Emerald channel, connected with the new sta- tion by a tunnel 6,600 feet long. The average daily consumption of water in 1909 was 321 gallons for each per- son. Water rates are payable twice a year — on May 1st and Nov. 1st. Present Deputy Water Commissioner, Henry L. Lyon. Weather Bureau. — The Buffalo sta- tion of the U. S. Weather Bureau is on the 13th floor of the Prudential bldg. Most of its instruments are placed on the roof and are self -regis- tering — the records being made in 215 the office below bj electrical connec- tions. These instruments indicate the direction and velocity of the wind, all changes of temperature, the maximum and minimum temper- ature of each day, the duration of sunshine and the amount of rainfall, A self-recording barometer in the office registers all changes in atmos- feric pressure. From a staff on the roof the storm signal flags are dis- playd. Visitors are reeeivd between 1 and 4 p. m. and each year the classes in fysical geografy in the city high schools are shown the working of the instruments. The Buffalo office is in charge of David Cuthbertson, who ranks as a District Forecaster. Weights and Measures^ Sealer of. — This officer is appointed by the police board for one year, under civil ser- vice rules. His duties are to test the accuracy of all scales, weights and measures used in the sale of mer- chandise in the city and to report to the corporation counsel any viola- tions of the city ordinances relating to weights and measures that he may discover. Westfield is an important town on the shore of L. Erie, 58 miles south- west of Buffalo. Reached by the Lake Shore or N. Y., Chicago & St. Louis railroad; fare $1.45, round trip, $2.80. Also by Buffalo & L. Erie electric cars, fare $1.10, round trip $2.05. The part of the town on the lake shore is called Barcelona. West- field is an old and wealthy commun- ity, with good stores, fine hotels, handsome homes^ a pretty park, at- tractive churches and progressive schools. Its enterprise is shown, among other things, by the fine via- duct crossing the gulf of Chautauqua creek, which it built jointly with the electric traction company. Here is one terminus of the Jamestown, Chautauqua & L. Erie E. R., which skirts Chautauqua lake, stopping at all the summer resorts from the fam- ous Assembly Grounds around to Jamestown. Population 3,882, in 1900. West Seneca is a town adjoining Buffalo on the southeast. Reached by Gardenville and Ebenezer street car line. Until 1909, it included the territory of the present city of Lackawanna. Western Savings Bank. — An insti- tution created for the purpose of encouraging thrift and the habit of saving on the part of the wage earner is The Western Savings Bank of Buffalo, located at Main and Court sts., with a history of more than half a century of successful business, ex- tending back to 1851. The reputation of this bank for financial solidity is second to none in the city. As a savings bank it has no capital a,nd issues no stock and all of the earn- ings belong to and are held for the benefit of the depositors. At the present time the bank is paying 4 per cent, interest on deposits, which are reeeivd from $1.00 to $3,000. On January 1st, 1910, the bank had on deposit $8,010,261.94, and a sur- plus of $776,610.54, total asests $8,- 786,872.48. The officers and directors of the bank are men of the highest probity and standing in the community, and the bank has fairly earnd the posi- tion it holds. The bank is controlld by the following officers and trustees: OFFICERS— Albert J. Wheeler, President; Henry Erb, First Vice- President; Leonard Dodge, Second Vice-President; Franklin W, H. Becker, Secretary and Treasurer; Edward E. Coatsworth, Attorney. TRUSTEES — Isaac Geiershofer, Henry Erb, Henry Zipp, Albert J. Wheeler, Howard H. Baker, Charles 216 WESTERN SAVINGS BANK 217 F. Bishop, Henry E. Boiler, Leonard Dodge, William F. Wendt, Franklin W. H. Becker, Charles G. Worthing- ton, William Simon, Edward E. Coatsworth, Charles H. Donaldson, Lewis J. Heintz. Wharves and Docks. — There is about 5 miles of wharfage in the Buffalo river, 4 miles in the City Ship canal, and several miles additional along the shore line enclosed by the various breakwaters. The city main- tains wharves (calld docks) at the foot of Columbia, Commercial, Dock, Genesee, Illinois, .Indiana, Main, Mississippi and Washington sts. White Building. — The most modern of the large office buildings of Buf- falo is the 11 story, fireproof White Building, which was rebuilt in 1906 on its original site. It stands in the center of the banking and business district, fronting on Main and Erie sts., with an entrance on each street. Both sides of the building have com- manding outlooks; from the Main st. front may be seen the busiest section of the city, while from the Erie st. front there is a view across the Niagara river and for many miler up L. Erie. It is within a couple of minutes' walk from the post of- fice, city and county hall, 10 banks, and 9 out of 10 of the other large office buildings. All the principal street car lines, including those run- mng to ,the railroad depots and steamboat wharves, pass its doors. The side walls of the building are heavy self-supporting fire walls, and the interior is constructed of steel beams and concrete, making it fire- proof thruout. There are 156 ofl&ces, finisht in quarter-cut antique oak, with floors of polisht maple. Each office is provided with a wash-stand and a coat-rack, and is wired for tele- fones, telegraf call-boxes and electric clock service. The use of a large safe can be arranged ►for. * The doors are of ample width for taking office furniture in and out. The court on which the inside of- fices front is large, and its walls are faced with white glazed brick, so that it affords an abundance of light and air. The elevators are of the plunger type and are capable of run- ning at a speed of 600 feet per min- ute. It has been the aim of the owner and the architect to make this building as near perfect in all its appointments as modern ideas and liberal expenditure could make it, and it ranks today with the best office buildings in the country. The owner and manager is Seymour P. White. WlUiamsville is a pleasant subur- ban village in the town of Amherst about 8 miles from the Buffalo city hall. Beached by street cars con- necting with the Main st. line, and the Lehigh Valley railroad has a sta- tion here. Ellicott creek runs thru the village and supplies water power. Its banks are a favorit resort for pic-nickers. Williamsville has 5 churches, a high school, a grist-mill, gelatin factory and stone quarry. The Amherst Bee is publisht here weekly. Near the middle of the village stands a log house which was Gen. Scott's head- quarters in the War of 1812. Windmill Point is a summer cot- tage resort on the Canadian shore of L. Erie, about 5 miles west from Fort Erie. Beached by the Grand Trunk railroad, Buffalo and Goderich Women's Educational and Indus- trial Union. — To increase fellowship among women, in order to promote their educational and social advance- ment, is the object of this notably helpful institution. It was organized in 1884, and for many years has oc- cupied its own building, 86 Delaware 218 WHITE BUILDING 219 av., on the south side of Niagara Square. Membership dues are $1 a year; sustaiuing members pay $10, and there are associate memberships for men who wish to support its work. There are over 1,300 members of all classes. Women members have the use of the library and reading-room, free admission to lectures, reduced rates at the Noon Rest, and other priv- ileges. The Union conducts classes in cooking, sewing, dressmaking, mil- linery, dancing and French, the ex- penses of which are defrayd by mod- erate tuition fees. The Noon Rest provides luncheon at moderate prices and a pleasant place for members to spend their lunch hour. Lunch brought from home can also be eaten there. Reading is supplied to mem- bers by the Mary A. Ripley Library of about 1,500 volumes and a, read- ing room in which are the best cur- rent magazines and newspaj)ers. In the Handiwork Department, articles made by women are sold for a small commission. The Committee on Pro- tection aids members to collect money due them. The Union also gives free lessons in cooking to girls wishing employment at general house- work. The building is open from 9.30 a. m. to 9 p. m., Sunday a,nd holidays excepted; during the summer months it closes at 6 p. m. The LTnion is non-sectarian and is guided by the Golden Rule. It aims to provide that any woman in need shall receive sympathy, counsel and help suited to her need, whatever the need may be. Its officers are: Mrs. Thomas B. Reading, president; Mrs. Charles E. Selkirk, corresponding secretary; and Miss Jean Agnew, superinten- dent. Young Men's Christian Association. — In a prominent location at Mo- hawk, Genesee and Franklin sts., stands the central building of the Y. M. C. A. of Buffalo. It consists of a 10-story main section, with a 4- story wing on each side, a,nd cost, in- cluding the lot and equipment, $450,- 000. The association removed from its former building at 19 W. Mohawk St., to this one in 1903. It owns also a building at Genesee and Davis sts., occupied by its Genesee st. De- partment, which was opend in 1905, and another at 327 W. Ferry st., erected for the West Side Depart- ment in 1909. In addition to these departments, there are 5 branches especially for railroad men. At the central department there are social rooms, class rooms, a gymnasium 50 by 90 feet, with a large swimming pool, a lecture hall, a circulating library, an employment bureau, a restaurant and 60 bed rooms which are rented to members. There is also a boys' department, having separate social rooms and a separate gym- nasium. A large number of Bible classes are carrid on here, also classes in many commercial and in- dustrial subjects and various lec- tures and entertaiments are given. There is a Camera Club composed of members, also a Science Club, each occupying rooms fitted up for their respective purposes. The Y. M. C . A. also has a number of athletic teams, which hold spirited competi- tions. The yearly fees for men are $3, the use of the gymnasium is $10, and the tuition fees for the educa- tional classes are moderate. For boys from 12 to 18 years old, the membership fee is $2 a year and the gymnasium fee is $4. The railroad branches are entirely supported by 220 WOMEN'S EDUCATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL UNION 221 the dues of members and appropria- tions made by the various railroads. In the other departments the mem- bers pay about 70 per cent of the cost of maintenance and the rest is raisd by subscription. The total membership of all departments is about 5,500. The library in the central building men to room where their surround- ings are congenial and beneficial. The president of the board of di- rectors is Hugh Kennedy and the general secretary is Alfred H. Whit- ford. Young Women's Christian Associa- tion. — The association is organized to YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION is situated on the 3d floor and is open from 9 a, m. to 10 p. m. It consists of over 10,000 volumes, and 400 periodicals are kept on file, in- cluding 125 daily newspapers from 80 cities. Most of the books circu- late. The association is building a 10- «tory Men's Hotel on Pearl st., ad- joining its central building, which wjll enable a large number of young provide an all-around development for the women and girls of Buffalo. It has four centers of work. 1. The association building, at 19 West Mohawk st., contains the main offices, the cafeteria lunch room, the reading and rest rooms, the gjrmna- sium, the swimming pool and the do- mestic art and science rooms. Here are carrid on the chief activities of the association, educational classes 2^2 of various kinds, fysical work, Bible study and social gatherings. 2. The Association Home, at 10 Niagara sq., is a members' dormi- tory at reasonable rates. Here also are accommodations for women who are traveling alone and are strangers in the city. corresponding secretary, Mrs. E. M. McBrier; general secretary, Miss Lil- lian E. Janes. Youngstown, N. Y. — A village on the Niagara river near its mouth. Eeached by street cars from Lewis- ton; fare 20c., round trip 25c. Also by ferry from Niagara Falls, Ont.; ■■:.„,jPi:iiiit: iJisii YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 3. * The Travelers ' Aid deaconess at the New York Central station as- sists and directs whatever women may need her help. 4. Student branches are organized in each of the High Schools and in the Normal School. The annual membership fee is $1. The officers of the association are: President, Miss Mary E. Prentiss; treasurer, Mrs. Eobert W. Pofneroy; fare 15c. There are two hotels, the Li Dorado and the Ontario House. The U.S. Military reservation of Fort Niagara adjoins Youngstown on the north. Fort Niagara Beach, a pic- nic grove about a mile from the vil- lage, on L. Ontario, is reached by street cars. In 1759 a battle was fought at Youngstown, in which a force of French and Indians coming to relieve Fort Niagara was defeated 223- by the English and colonists. The fort surrendei;d the next day. In the War of 1812, Youugstown was burnd by the British. Zoological Garden. — The Zoo, as it is commonly calld, is located in the northeastern part of Delaware Park, near Amherst st. and Parkside av., and is reached by Main-Zoo cars. Facing the entrance from Parkside av. is a row of stone bear pits, with heavy iron gratings. The dens con- nected with these pits are coverd with a high mound of earth. There are paddocks for hooft animals, cages for smaller quadrupeds and for the birds, a pool for sea-lions and houses for those creatures that need warm shelter in winter. The enclosures of tiie Zoo cover 17.6 acres. There are about 320 specimens in the collec- tion at present^ including a lion, an elefant, 4 bison, deer, yak, goats, foxes, bears, alligators, monkeys, eagles, owls and many birds of beau- tiful plumage. The curator is Dr. Francis A. Cra.ndall. BEAR PITS AT THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN COMPOSITION BY WM. J. ATWILL. PRESS WORK BY UNION AND TIMES PRESS- 224 Rare Oia Kosew^ooa ana mabogany furniture Om €nd1i$b Sbef f km Cut Glass /. Bronzes, etc. 436-43$ Uirdinia Street Buffalo TELEPHONE Tupper 99 If you buy anything at Slir Antique ^Ijop you can always re- turn it and receive the full purchaseprice paid. We ask for no explanation. The rise in valuation of an- tiques makes this a good business propo- sition for us — it abso- lutely protects, you. SEVIN'S ART STORE 769 MAIN ST. Opposite T E C K Theatre BUFFALO, N.Y, Water Color Paintings Fine Proof Mezzotints Proof Etchings, Plain and colored Braun's Carbon Photo- graphs FRAMES, Any size or design Regilding Frames PICTURES RESTORED RODDICK'S FINE ART STORE 620 Main Street Buffalo, N. Y. The largest stock Gf PICTURES and FRAMES in the city Illustrated Booklets and Catalogs compiled, Indexes made, Manuscripts edited and publisht. FREDERIK A. FERNALD, Editor and Publisher, Formerly of Editorial Staff of D. Appleton & Co., Neiv York. 217 WEST UTIGA ST., BUFFALO, N. Y. - FRONTIER FONE, 28651 CAPITAL, $300,000.00 SURPLUS and PROFITS, $325,000.00 DEPOSITS, $4,800,000.00 A. D. BISSELL, President C. R. HUNTLEY, Vice-President E. J. NEWELL, Cashier HOWARD BISSELL, Ass't Cashier C. G. FEIL, Ass't Cashier THE PEOPLES BANK BUFFALO -<^ A BANK of courtesy and conservatism, extending to its depositors a service satisfactory and sufficient; interest- ed alike in new and old, large and small accounts ORGANIZED 1856 Manufacturers & Traders National ^ank Capital, Surplus and Profits 2,500,000.00 ROBERT L. FRYER. President FRANKLIN D. LOCKE, Vice-President HARRY T. RAMSDELL, Cashier SAMUEL ELLIS. Assistant Cashier HENRY W. ROOT. Assistant Cashier WALTER ASPINWALL, Assistant Cashier Safe T) e p s i t and Storage Vaults Artists' Model Corset WITH AND WITHOUT SIDE SECTIONS OF ELASTiC Combines Ease with Elegance Comfort with Durability Especially Adapted for Stout Figures N\ ARTISTS' MODEL Corset Shop Miss Carolyn Burrows corsetiere 832 MAIN ST. BUFFALO. N. Y. GEORGE W. NEWTON Principal RCSIOCNCE PHONES Bryant 1023 Frontier 662 H. S. HARROD Superintendent RESIDENCE PHONE TUPPER 8352 The Byrne National Detective Bureau (LICENSED AND BONDED) CRIMINAL and CIVIL INVESTIGATIONS WATCHMAN SERVICE GUARD SERVICE Correspondents in All Parts of the World 485-487-491-493 Ellicott SQUARE BELL. SENECA 2056 FRONTIER 329 BUFFALO, N. Y. The WILSON COMPANY THE DAYLIGHT STORE 563-565 Main Street 546-548 Washington Street Complete Lines of New Goods at the "Best Tossible "Prices IN trading with this store, one may be sure of getting the choicest selections of new goods. We are a new store, hence the goods are but lately arrived from the manufacturers and importers. This fact in itself leaves no doubt as to where the best selection can be made. And our prices are right. Our policy is to have the best lines, marked at the best possible price consistent with the quality. In these two big points you have the whole matter in a nutshell. Newness, quality and price, coupled with our exceptional facilities and conveniences, have built a wonderful trade for us. Come and see for yourself. Daylight, the best possible light to match delicate shades by and to get the correct impression of goods, is here in abundance. Glaring artificial light is practically done away with. Come and visit Buffalo's DAYLIGHT Store Paris Glove Store Established 1888 John T. Ryan James D. Laird RYAN & LAIRD 548 - 550 MAIN ST. OUR SPECIALTIES PARIS KID GLOVES FOR MEN AND WOMEN Silk Gloves, Men's and Women's Hosiery, Umbrellas, Handkerchiefs, Women's Suits, Cloaks, Neckwear, Furs, Storm Coats, Waists, Skirts and Petticoats VISITORS WELCOME TO OUR STORE 548 - 550 Main Street Near Huron Street Bell Phone, Seneca 1483 Rapid Service Engraving Co. HALF- TONES and ZINC ETCHINGS Cor. Ellicott and Carroll Sts. BUFFALO, N. Y. fFe are not members of the Engrwvers^ Combine BUFFALO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY Electric Light and Power Service PHONES : Seneca 2830 Frontier 2832 FIDELITY BUILDING, Main and Swan Sts. BUFFALO, N. Y. R A TJ 'MTTlVf'Q 265-267 Main Street X3x1lXvX^ KJ iVA i3 established 1845 T^/^TT "P T Q nrC WILL FIND THIS STORE ALMOST WHOLLY DEVOTED 1 yj U IV 1 O 1 O TO INTERESTING FANCY ARTICLES Souvenirs of Buffalo and Niagara Falls Books of Views Showing all Prominent Points of Interest WE HAVE LOTS OF GOODS NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER STORE IN BUFFALO Leather, Sterling Silver, Glass, China and Metal Novelties FINEST IMPORTED TOYS AND DOLLS Our Own Souvenir Playing Cards Copyrighted Beautifully Finished, containing 26 Views of Buffalo and 26 Views of Niagara's Most Interesting Points ASK YOUR JEWELER. STATIONER OR NEWSDEALER FOR THEM 5H&iloMEWsHRE|a>EiF^?ffii«-i: '' -"^^'.^^m^iifi^vi&Xii:^^ WHILE IN NIAGARA FALLS DON'T FAIL TO VISIT THE HOME OF SHREDDED WHEAT The Cleanest, Finest, Most Hygienic Food Factory in the World GRAND HOTEL' NEW YORK CITY A FAMOUS HOME WITH A NEW ANNEX ON BROADWAY, at 31st STREET One 'Block from Pennsyl