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 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 General War-Time 
 
 Commission of the 
 
 Churches 
 
 PRESENTED TO THE 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL 
 
 COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHE^' OF 
 
 CHRIST IN AMERICA 
 
 Cincinnati, December, 1917 
 
CONTENTS OF THE REPORT 
 I. The Origin of the Commission 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Its Constitution by the Federal Council 223 
 
 The Membership of the Commission 224 
 
 Its Relation to the Cooperating Bodies and the Council. 224 
 
 Acknowledgment of Services 225 
 
 II. The Organization of the Commission 
 
 The Problem of Organization 226 
 
 The Commission's Statement of Purpose 227 
 
 The War-Time Task of the Church 227 
 
 Religious Agencies in War Work: 
 
 The Commissions of the Council 228 
 
 The Army and Navy Chaplains 229 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Associations 231 
 
 Other Interdenominational Agencies 232 
 
 The Church and the Y. M. C. A 233 
 
 The Denominational War-Time Commissions 235 
 
 Problems of Adjustment 236 
 
 III. The Work of the Commission 
 
 The Program of the Commission: 
 
 Survey of the Field 238 
 
 Interpretation and Cooperation 239 
 
 Literature and Publicity 240 
 
 Undertakings and Achievements : 
 
 Community Organization in Camp Neighborhoods 241 
 
 The Needs of the Chaplains 242 
 
 Voluntary Chaplains 243 
 
 The Work of the Local Churches 244 
 
 Moral Welfare of the Army and Navy 245 
 
 Work for Special Groups 245 
 
 The Problems of the Future 246 
 
 Individual Initiative and Cooperative Effort 247 
 
 The Interpretation of Ideals 249 
 
 Appendices 
 
 I. List of Officers, Members, and Committees of the General 
 
 War-Time Commission 251 
 
 II. List of Denominational and Interdenominational War-Time 
 
 Agencies and Their Officers 257 
 
 in. A Call to Prayer, issued November, 1917...., 260 
 
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REPORT OF THE 
 GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION 
 OF THE CHURCHES 
 
 I. The Origin of the Commission 
 
 I'he General War-Time Commission of the Qiurches is a 
 committee of one hundred persons belonging to the different 
 religious bodies which are dealing in direct and responsible 
 ways with the new problems which the war has raised. The 
 justification of its existence is the same need of coordina- 
 tion which has called into being similar bodies in other spheres 
 of the nation's activity. Four different groups of agencies 
 are at work in the religious field: first, the chaplains of 
 the Army and Navy; second, the denominational war com- 
 missions; third, the interdenominational agencies Hke the 
 War Work Councils of the Young Men's and the Young 
 Women's Christian Associations, tfie American Bible Society, 
 the National _ Sunday School War Council and the Young 
 People's Societies: and, lastly, the committees and commis- 
 sions of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America. It is clear that if these bodies are to work effectively 
 they must work together. The work of the church, like the 
 work^ of the nation, must be conceived as a unity, and each 
 contributing agency must occupy its own place as part of a 
 single comprehensive plan. 
 
 Its Constitution by the Federal Council 
 
 ReaHzing this need the leaders of the Federal Council called 
 at Washington on May 8 and 9, 1917, a special meeting of 
 the Council and its cooperating agencies, which was attended 
 by representatives of no less than thirty-five different bodies 
 engaged in war work. Two matters engaged the attention 
 of the delegates: first, a message to the churches, defining 
 the ideals which ought to animate Christians in this time of 
 testing; and, second, a discussion of methods by which these 
 ideals might be translated into reality. All agreed that if the 
 spirit which inspired the gathering was not to" be dissipated in 
 mere talk, some definite organization must be constituted to 
 give effect to its conclusions, and the Administrative Com- 
 mittee was authorized to take the necessaiy steps to bring this 
 about. Acting under this authorization. Rev. Frank Mason 
 North, the President of the Council, invited and appointed a 
 carefully selected group of persons from the different religious 
 
224 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 bodies whose cooperation was essential, to serve as members 
 of the General War-Time Commission of the Churches. 
 
 The Membership of the War-Time Commission 
 
 The Commission is made up of members of the permanent 
 commissions and committees of the Federal Council^, of 
 the denominational war commissions and other denominational 
 war service bodies and of the interdenominational agencies 
 already referred to. Its Executive Committee includes mem- 
 bers of these various bodies and agencies, and its Advisory 
 Council consists of representatives of the denominational war 
 commissions. It is cooperating with the National Catholic 
 War Council and with the Jewish Welfare Board in matters 
 of common concern, such as securing the appointment of an 
 adequate number of chaplains and improving moral conditions 
 at home and abroad. It brings together for purposes of con- 
 ference and mutual helpfulness members representing a wider 
 range of religious interests than have probably ever yet cooper- 
 ated for a similar purpose. 
 
 Its Relation to the Cooperating Bodies and the Council 
 
 The relation of the Commission to the different bodies from 
 which its membership is recruited was defined in the follow- 
 ing statement, approved both by its own Executive Com- 
 mittee and the Administrative Committee of the Federal 
 Council : 
 
 "With the permanent Commissions of the Federal Council the 
 relations of the General War-Time Commission are necessarily close 
 and intimate, and in all that concerns war work the officers and 
 the Commissions of the Council and the General War-Time Com- 
 mission are working together. The Commission is, however, dis- 
 tinguished from the regular and permanent Commissions of the 
 Council : first, in its special and temporary nature ; secondly, in 
 its constitution as primarily composed of members of similar tem- 
 porary denominational and other agencies ; and in consequence, 
 thirdly, in requiring freedom of action not necessary in the case 
 of more permanent bodies. As a temporary and emergency body, 
 brought into existence to help in meeting the needs of a national 
 crisis, it is free to deal with each situation which may arise in 
 such ways as best fulfil the purposes of its appointment. As the 
 General Secretary of the Federal Council states in his volume, 
 The Progress of Church Federation: 'By exercise of a certain 
 freedom of relationship called for under exceptional conditions, 
 
 0) The Commissions of the Federal Council are bodies appointed by the 
 President to undertake some special form of work which requires interdenomina- 
 tional cooperation. They have their own officers and organization, raise their 
 own funds, and their actions do not commit the Council as a whole unless ap- 
 proved by the Administrative Committee. Unlike the Council itself, which is 
 a delegated body composed of official representatives appointed for the purpose 
 by .the constituent organizations, the Commissions owe their existence to the 
 initiative of the Federal Council, and their relation to the bodies from which their 
 membership is taken varies in different cases. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 
 
 225 
 
 the Commission can as the case may arise unite its forces withput 
 ecclesiastical limitations with those other religious bodies seeking 
 the same ends, the service of the nation and of the world.' 
 
 "While cooperating with the Commission in all matters where 
 cooperation is possible and mutually advantageous, those who 
 serve on its committees remain directly responsible to the bodies 
 to which they belong, and it is distinctly understood that this 
 primary responsibility is in no way compromised by their mem- 
 bership on the Commission. This is true of all its members, 
 whether belonging to the denominational war commissions, the 
 interdenominational agencies, or the permanent Commissions _ of 
 the Federal Council. The purpose of the War-Time Commission 
 is not to replace or duplicate, still less to check, any activity di- 
 rected toward a task too great for our united forces. _ On the 
 contrary, it will seek to serve all by furnishing a clearing house 
 of information and an agency of sympathetic coordination, through 
 which the efficiency of each may be increased, its aims advanced, 
 and so the Church as a whole be enabled to render the largest 
 service to the nation and to the world in this great and critical 
 time. When its work is done it will make final report to the 
 Federal Council and to the bodies which cooperate in it and 
 will be discontinued." 
 
 Acknowledgment of Services 
 
 We cannot take up in detail the story of the Commission's 
 work without a word of personal tribute to the men whose 
 clear vision and self-sacrificing labor have made it possible. 
 To Dr. North and Rev. Charles S. Macfarland, to whom we 
 owe the Washington meeting of the Council, in which the idea 
 of the Commission first took shape ; to Mr. Fred B. Smith and 
 Rev. Roy B. Guild, of the Commission on Inter-Church Federa- 
 tions, to whom we owe the Pittsburgh Conference, with its 
 broad survey of the field and its admirable report on the war 
 program of the local church ; to Rev. Charles Stelzle, who has 
 had charge of the publicity of these dififerent enterprises and 
 who, in addition, has been carrying on in behalf of the Church 
 as a whole an energetic temperance campaign ; to Bishop W. F. 
 McDowell, Chairman of the General Committee on Army and 
 Navy Chaplains, and Rev. Clyde F. Armitage, its secretary, 
 who has represented the Council in dealing with the Depart- 
 ments of the Government in all that concerns chaplains; to 
 Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary of the Commission on Inter- 
 national Justice and Goodwill ; and last but not least to Rev. 
 Worth M. Tippy, Secretary of the Commission on the Church 
 and Social Service, who has not only thrown himself with 
 full enthusiasm into the cause of the chaplains,^ but who during 
 the summer, when others were away on their vacations, or- 
 ganized the Committee on Voluntary Chaplains, which was the 
 direct precursor of the War-Time Commission. At a time 
 when many of the dififerent agencies were feeling their way 
 to find themselves in an unfamiliar field, this committee took 
 
226 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 the first steps to bring together representatives of the dif- 
 ferent denominational war commissions. Plans were made for 
 a systematic visitation of the camps; attention was called to 
 the need of providing voluntary chaplains in the training camps 
 and other centres for which the Government made no provision ; 
 the needs of local communities were studied ; and a sympathetic 
 understanding, invaluable to the later developments, was created 
 by the contact of those who were engaged in these common 
 tasks. Without the preliminary work done by this committee, 
 the War-Time Commission could not have begun where it did. 
 
 II. The Organization of the Commission 
 
 The Commission met for the first time in New York on 
 Thursday, September 20, 1917, and organized with Robert 
 E. Speer as Chairman, Rt. Rev. William Lawrence, Vice- 
 Chairman, and Rev. William Adams Brown, Secretary. At 
 later meetings Rev. Gaylord S. White was chosen Associate 
 Secretary, and Harold H. Tryon, Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, 
 and Eric M. North, Assistant Secretaries. 
 
 The Problem of Organization 
 
 Two possibilities faced the Commission at its origin. It 
 might enter the field as an executive agency, taking over the 
 work of existing organizations and superseding them with 
 a machinery of its own ; or it might regard its work as prima- 
 rily interpretative and advisory, making itself a meeting- 
 ground for discussion and counsel, but leaving the actual exe- 
 cution of the policies agreed upon to the cooperative action 
 of the agencies that were already in existence. 
 
 The latter was obviously the wiser plan, so far as it was 
 practicable. It was wiser on grounds of economy. It is 
 always better to use the machiner}' that is at hand, so far as 
 it will go, than to create new machinery. But it was wiser, 
 too, on grounds of policy, for what was needed was 
 not a single body that would relieve existing agencies of their 
 immediate responsibility — a responsibility which, in the very 
 nature of the case as a result of a hundred local and personal 
 ties, no one else could assume — but rather a body that could 
 act as counselor and guide, by furnishing a wider perspective 
 and so directing into the most practicable and effective chan- 
 nels the energies which were already released. It is on this 
 theory that the Commission has worked. It has not built up a 
 large staff, but it has tried to include in its councils and discus- 
 sions men and women who are really responsible for the 
 war work of the Church as a whole, that through their com- 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 227 
 
 bined counsels it might develop the consciousness of a common 
 opportunity and of a united responsibility. 
 
 Statement of Purpose 
 
 But it soon appeared that counsel alone was not enough. 
 There were things which needed to be done which no one 
 was doing, and for these it was necessary for the Commis- 
 sion to make provision. This double function of the Com- 
 mission as at once advisory and executive was expressed by 
 the Commission at its opening meeting in the following state- 
 ment : 
 
 "It is the purpose of the Commission : 
 
 "1. To coordinate existing and proposed activities and to bring 
 them into intelligent and sympathetic relationship so as to avoid all 
 waste and friction and to promote efficiency. 
 
 "2. To suggest to the proper agency or agencies any further vi^oi'k 
 called for and not being done. 
 
 "3. To provide for or perform such vi^ork as can best be done in a 
 cooperative way. 
 
 4. To furnish means of common and united expression when such 
 is desired ; and finally, 
 
 "5. To provide a body which would be prepared to deal ina spirit 
 of cooperation with the new problems of reconstruction which may 
 have to be faced after the war." 
 
 In pursuance of this policy the Commission organized itself 
 into a number of different committees and entrusted to an 
 Executive Committee, including representatives of all the 
 interests to be unified, power to act for the Commission when 
 it was not in session. 
 
 The War-Time Task of the Church 
 
 It will help us to set the work of these committees in their 
 right relations if at the outset we remind ourselves for a 
 moment of the nature of the task which the war lays upon 
 the Church. 
 
 Apart from the perennial need of fostering the higher life 
 of the nation, this is as follows : 
 
 1. To provide the ministrations of religion for the large 
 number of persons, both men and women, suddenly taken from 
 their accustomed surroundings and plunged into an unfa- 
 miliar life. 
 
 2. To awaken the congregations whose horizon has hitherto 
 been limited to their own communion, or at most to the mis- 
 sionary enterprise in the technical sense, to the new responsibil- 
 ities of social ministry and reconstruction which the war has 
 laid upon them. 
 
 3. While loyally supporting our own government in the 
 
228 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 rig-hteous war to which we have laid our hands, to keep alive 
 the international consciousness to which religion in its higher 
 aspects is committed. 
 
 This analysis of the task determines the fields in which the 
 work must be carried on. 
 
 Under 1 we have not only 
 
 (a) The Army and Navy, but 
 
 (b) The great army of industrial workers, many of them 
 
 women who have been called to take the place 
 of enlisted men. 
 
 Under 2 we have to consider not only 
 
 (a) The individual church, but 
 
 (b) The community in which it is located, and especially 
 
 the communities adjoining the great cantonments 
 whose moral health is so important a factor for the 
 welfare of the soldiers and sailors in their neighbor- 
 hood. And beyond these 
 
 (c) The millions who are in need, for whose care the 
 
 church as a whole is responsible — the sick and the 
 wounded, the prisoners and the disabled, the desti- 
 tute, and the homeless both here and across the sea. 
 
 Under 3 we touch the supreme function of the church, 
 which is to Christianize the ideals of the nation and so to 
 promote that consciousness of world-wide brotherhood without 
 which true democracy is impossible. 
 
 Religious Agencies in War Work: The Commissions of the Council 
 
 Of the war work of the permanent commissions and com- 
 mittees of the Council, a full report is given elsewhere. Here 
 it is only necessary to say that even before the organization 
 of the General War-Time Commission it was of the most 
 important character. The General Committee on Army and 
 Navy Chaplains was busy with the task of recommending suit- 
 able chaplains to the Government^. The Commission on 
 Inter-Church Federations was working out a program for 
 community activity in the neighborhood of the great canton- 
 ments. The Committee on Temperance was conducting a 
 propaganda for nation-wide prohibition during the war. The 
 
 (1) The General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains is a permanent com- 
 mittee including the chairmen of the several denominational chaplain committees. 
 All papers of Protestants submitted in application for appointment as chaplain are 
 referred to this Committee by the War and Navy Departments, and the correspond- 
 ence required to determine the qualifications of the candidate is conducted by the 
 secretary of the Committee through the W'ashington office of the Federal Council. 
 The names of satisfactory candidates, after endorsement by the chaplain committees 
 of their respective denominations, are certified to the Department, and no Protestant 
 chaplains are appointed in the Regular Army, the National Army or the Navy 
 without the approval of the General Committee. The Committee also cooperates 
 with the Bureau of Militia Affairs in selecting new chaplains for the federalized 
 National Guard. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 229 
 
 Commission on the Church and Social Service was studying 
 conditions in the camps which were not provided with chap- 
 lains and considering methods of supplying this need. The 
 Commission on International Justice and Goodwill was con- 
 cerning itself with the larger questions of international good- 
 will on which the hope of any permanent peace depends.^ The 
 other Commissions, if touching the war work less directly, 
 were rendering indispensable service in their respective fields 
 of ministry to the higher life of the nation. 
 
 Since the organization of the General War-Time Commis- 
 sion, the resources of the permanent Commissions, both in per- 
 sonnel and in equipment, have been freely put at its disposal. 
 In some cases they have been recognized as committees of the 
 War-Time Commission for special purposes. In other cases 
 they have furnished the nuclei for new committees of a 
 more inclusive character. Thus, the General Committee on 
 Army and Navy Chaplains represents the War-Time Com- 
 mission in all that concerns the appointment of chaplains and 
 the Commission on the Church and Social Service is its com- 
 mittee for conducting an investigation of industrial conditions. 
 Dr. Guild, Secretary of the Commission on Inter-Church Fed- 
 erations, is acting as Secretary of the Committee on Camp 
 Neighborhoods, Dr. Tippy, as Secretary of the Committee on 
 War-Time Work in the Local Church and Cooperation with the 
 American Red Cross, Mr. Stelzle, as Secretary of the Com- 
 mittee on Literature and Publicity. Others are rendering 
 valuable service in other ways. 
 
 The Army and Navy Chaplains 
 
 It will help us to see the work of these committees in its 
 true perspective if we ask ourselves for a moment what the 
 other groups engaged in war work are doing, and first, the 
 chaplains. 
 
 1. The chaplain is the official representative of religion in 
 the Army and Navy. He is an ordained clergyman holding 
 military or naval rank as an officer, and in the Army is assigned 
 to special duties by the commanding officer of the regiment 
 
 (') In addition to the commissions already named, activities related to the 
 various phases of war work are carried on by the Commissions on the Church and 
 Country Life and on Christian Education. The Federal Council has also been active 
 in stimulating the interest of the Churches in the support of various agencies for 
 war relief, and has organized a voluntary committee for the Care of French Mothers 
 and Children, to cooperate with French committees. The Council has coordinated 
 the agencies seeking to sustain and develop Protestant work in France and has 
 arranged for the reception of the two French chaplains who have been in 
 America during the fall and winter as representatives of the French Protestant 
 churches. In cooperation with several departments of the Government, par- 
 ticularly the Department of Agriculture, the Food Cornmission, and the Com- 
 mittee on Public Information, pamphlets numbering millions in the aggregate 
 have been mailed to the pastors of Protestant churches from the office of the 
 Federal Council. 
 
230 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 to which he is attached. He enters the Army with the grade 
 of first Heutenant, and may rise to be major in the course of his 
 service. In the Navy he begins as junior lieutenant and rises to 
 captain. The chaplains are apportioned among the different de- 
 nominations in the country on an arithmetical ratio which at the 
 present time assigns thirty-six per cent to the Catholics and 
 sixty-four per cent to the Protestants and apportions the 
 Protestant chaplains among their various religious bodies in the 
 ratio of their membership. When, however, the chaplain is 
 finally recommended by the Federal Council's Committee he 
 becomes the representative of all the churches and in the very 
 nature of the case must act unreservedly as such. Twenty 
 chaplains at large have been recently added in the army to 
 provide for the Jews and other religious bodies not represented 
 in the present apportionment. Before the present war the 
 number of chaplains both in the Army and Navy was one 
 to every twelve hundred enlisted men. It still remains this 
 in the Navy, but with the increase of the size of the infantry 
 regiment from twelve hundred to thirty-six hundred men, the 
 number of chaplains in the Army has become proportionately 
 less. A recent order of the department has made possible a fur- 
 ther increase in the number of chaplains to cover units not now 
 provided for by law, but even with this increase the number 
 of chaplains in proportion to the number of enlisted men has 
 been very largely reduced and is totally inadequate to the 
 present need. 
 
 During peace times the duties of the chaplain were not 
 onerous and his existence had largely dropped out of the 
 consciousness of the Church. But with the advent of the war 
 the importance of the chaplain's function has become apparent. 
 He is the pastor of the unit to which he is assigned. When 
 the men leave for the front the chaplain accompanies them. 
 Upon his character and fidelity to his duty the morale of the 
 men is in no small measure dependent. He is with them in 
 the trenches before they go "over the top" and is among the 
 first to welcome the wounded when they are brought into 
 the emergency station for treatment. 
 
 It is clear then that one of the first duties of the Church 
 is to see that the number of chaplains is adequate, their per- 
 sonnel of the highest quality, and their equipment sufficient to 
 enable them to discharge their duties effectively. 
 
 Here unfortunately we find ourselves at a disadvantage, 
 and this in two ways. In the first place, the rapid increase in 
 the size of the new armies without a corresponding change in 
 the law governing the number of chaplains has left many units 
 without chaplains and thrown the responsibility for the re- 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 231 
 
 ligious care of the men upon other agencies. And secondly, 
 whereas in other armies the chaplains are organized into a 
 corps under a chaplain general, or other leader, whose function 
 it is to care for their interests, to promote their welfare, and to 
 guard their efficiency, here the chaplains remain individuals 
 attached to special regiments without any representative to 
 speak for them in matters of common concern. 
 
 This is a condition which needs to be changed and we are 
 glad to say that steps are being taken to change it. In the 
 Navy Secretary Daniels has appointed Chaplain J. B. Frazier as 
 his representative in all that concerns the chaplains, and he is 
 taking up his new work energetically and effectively. He has 
 entered into sympathetic relations with the General Committee 
 on Army and Navy Chaplains of the Federal Council, which has 
 put at his disposal one of its offices and is cooperating with 
 him in every possible way. 
 
 In the Army no such arrangement has as yet been made, 
 though it is hoped that before long something of this kind 
 may be done there\ In the meantime various committees 
 of the Council and of the War-Time Commission are dealing 
 with different aspects of the chaplain situation. The General 
 Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains has been recognized 
 by the Government as its adviser in the appointment of 
 Protestant chaplains. Legislation has been introduced into 
 Congress looking to an increase in their numbers, and the 
 matter of the equipment and status of chaplains is being 
 carefully considered. A training school for their practical 
 preparation before entering service has been planned by the 
 Federal Council Committee. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association 
 
 Next to the chaplains in the directness of their approach to 
 the war task are the interdenominational agencies which spe- 
 cialize in work for young men and young women. Of the 
 splendid work done by the Young Men's Christian Association 
 — work for our soldiers and sailors both here and across the 
 sea — there is no need to speak at length, simply because it is 
 already so much in the public eye that we can take its work 
 for granted. Too much credit cannot be given to the leaders 
 of this great organization for the foresight with which they 
 anticipated the crisis that was pending, for the skill with 
 which they laid their plans to meet it, for the ample re- 
 sources both of men and of means which they have gathered 
 to their support, and for the unique service which they are 
 rendering. That service, roughly speaking, is of three kinds. 
 
 (1) Since this was written, Major Gregory, who has been detailed by the War De- 
 partment to take charge of the appointment of chaplains, is giving attention to these 
 matters. 
 
232 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 First of all and most familiar to us is the work for our 
 own soldiers and sailors in the camps, cantonments, and naval 
 stations. Through its recognition by the United States Govern- 
 ment as the representative of the Government in welfare work 
 within the camps, the Association has had a unique opportunity 
 which it has employed to the full. Its leaders have been 
 able to make themselves in a very true sense representatives 
 of the whole church and have cooperated in amicable ways 
 not only with the different Protestant bodies, but with the 
 Catholics and the Jews as well. 
 
 No less important is its work across the sea, not only for 
 our own army but for that of our Allies in France, Russia, and 
 Italy. Here again a wide field for usefulness has opened to 
 the Association of which it is making enlightened use. Only 
 recently the call has come from General Pershing for a large 
 number of secretaries for work with the American army in 
 France. The French Government is asking for thirteen hun- 
 dred buildings and will need five hundred secretaries. The 
 Italian Government will need another hundred. Many have 
 gone to Russia and, had conditions remained as they were a 
 few weeks ago, no less than two hundred would have been 
 needed there. 
 
 Finally, there is the work for prisoners of war, a work 
 which has been so persuasively presented by Dr. Mott that 
 I need only refer to it here, and of which it may safely be 
 said that no wiser, more effective, and more Christlike piece 
 of service has been rendered by any group of men in our 
 generation. 
 
 Other Interdenominational Agencies 
 
 But signal as is the service of the Young Men's Christian 
 Association, it is not the only interdenominational agency 
 which must find a place on the war program of the Church. 
 There are the Sunday schools which have recently combined 
 their different associations in a National Sunday School War 
 Council. There are the Young People's Societies, which are 
 asking themselves what is their part in the church's work, and 
 have formed the Interdenominational Young People's Com- 
 mission, a national organization to outline their programs. 
 There are the temperance societies, which are working for 
 national prohibition during the war; there is the American 
 Bible Society, which is raising a fund of $400,CX)0 to put the 
 Scriptures in the hands of every enlisted man. There is the 
 Salvation Army which is doing a large work for the troops 
 across the sea as well as some at home. And there is 
 the Young Women's Christian Association, whose unique and 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 233 
 
 most responsible function in the present crisis is not always 
 as clearly recognized as its importance deserves. 
 
 It was perhaps only natural that in the preoccupation of the 
 nation with the pressing needs of the enlisted men, the true 
 function of the Young Women's Christian Association in this 
 time of crisis should have been misconceived. It has been 
 thought of in many quarters as representing women's ministry 
 to men, and it has a ministry to render of this kind. Through 
 its hostess houses it has provided places where the families 
 of the enlisted men might meet their sons and husbands under 
 pleasant surroundings. Through its cafeteria it has provided 
 good things to eat in the neighborhood of the camps. But 
 these are only incidental to its main purpose, which is to 
 care for the women who with the men share the responsibility 
 and burden of the war. The Young Women's Christian As- 
 sociation is not an adjunct of the Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation. It is the Church caring for its women — the girls in 
 the camp neighborhoods dazzled by the glamour of the troops 
 and, in their desire to show their sympathy and admiration 
 in practical ways, subjected to temptations whose gravity we 
 cannot over-estimate ; the women in industry taken from their 
 homes and plunged into unfamiliar work amid strange sur- 
 roundings ; women of all kinds and of all ages, facing the 
 new problems which the war is laying upon their sex. Here 
 is a sphere, the importance and the magnitude of which are 
 scarcely less than that which the young men have occupied. 
 
 The Church and the Y. M, C. A. 
 
 It is only natural that in the course of the attempts of these 
 different agencies to adjust themselves to the new tasks, prob- 
 lems should arise. These problems are of two kinds. In 
 part they are problems of adjustment having to do with the 
 delimitation of territory ; in part they are problems of defini- 
 tion growing out of differing conceptions of the sphere for 
 which each is responsible. 
 
 We may illustrate these in the case of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association. More important than any specific 
 thing that the Association has done has been its ability to fire 
 the imagination of the public with the possibilities of Christian 
 service. It has made its program of ministry so simple, so 
 direct and so appealing, that multitudes who have cared little 
 or nothing for the Church hitherto have responded to its appeal 
 and furnished it with resources in men and in money, which 
 have enabled it to meet the emergency for which other agencies 
 were unprepared. 
 
 But in this very success there lurks a danger. It is not 
 
234 FEDERAL COUNCIL OP' THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 merely the danger of diverting attention from other organiza- 
 tions whose work, if less dramatic, is in its place no less es- 
 sential — although that is a real danger. It is the danger that in 
 its emphasis upon the Church's agencies men may lose sight of 
 the larger whole, of which each individual agency is a part. 
 Greater than any organization, greater than all organizations 
 put together, is the Church itself which is the mother of them 
 all, the Church whose hidden life they reveal and of whose 
 spirit they should be the interpreter. When men begin to 
 contrast the Church and the Association to the disadvantage of 
 the former they not only show a complete misapprehension of 
 the spirit which animates the Association leaders ; they are 
 creating an attitude of mind which is full of peril for the 
 future of both. 
 
 It is all the more important that the true relation between 
 the Association and the Church should be clearly r-ecognized 
 because of the limitations imposed upon the former by its con- 
 stitution. As an organization of laymen it has hitherto limited 
 its sphere to forms of service which laymen can render. But 
 the Church consists of clergy as well as laity, and for its full 
 expression requires the cooperation of both. In theory this 
 cooperation is secured in the camps through the chaplains who, 
 as the official representatives of the churches, administer the 
 sacraments, conduct regular services and have pastoral over- 
 sight over the men. But where, as is often the case, there are 
 no chaplains available, the Association becomes the only repre- 
 sentative of religion in the camp and must either confine its 
 religious work to such services as laymen can render or rely 
 upon the assistance of visiting clergymen coming from 
 without.^ 
 
 In this situation the churches have come to the Association's 
 help in a number of different ways. In the first place, they 
 have set apart a number of their most trusted leaders to serve 
 as religious workers in the camps, men who because of their 
 maturity of judgment and practical wisdom are able even 
 while observing the limitations which their position puts upon 
 them, to exercise pastoral oversight over the enlisted men and 
 keep them in touch with the home churches. Secondly, they 
 have supplied visiting preachers who have cooperated with 
 the chaplains and the Young Men's Christian Association 
 secretaries in Sunday and week-day services in the camps, and, 
 where no chaplains were present, have cared for the admin- 
 istration of the sacraments in the Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation huts. And thirdly, they have designated a certain 
 
 (]) In cases where neither chaplains nor outside clergymen are available the 
 Association allows its religious work secretaries who are clergymen to administer 
 the sacraments and to perform other ministerial functions. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 235 
 
 number of men to represent the church in the communities 
 adjoining the camps and in cooperation with the chaplains, 
 the Young Men's Christian Association secretaries, and the 
 local clergy, to act as camp pastors for the men of their own 
 communion within the camps. In some cases the camp pastor 
 has been recognized by the commanding officer as a, voluntary 
 chaplain and assigned to some unit temporarily without a 
 chaplain. In other cases he has been associated with one of the 
 regular chaplains as his assistant. In still others he has found 
 access to the camp through the Young Men's Christian As- 
 sociation, being assigned a residence in one of its huts and 
 cooperating with its staff in the religious work of the camp. 
 So far as time and space permit, he has been free to use the 
 rooms of the Association for personal conference and for the 
 administration of the sacraments, and his gifts as a preacher 
 have been gladly made use of in the Association's services. 
 
 The Denominational War-Time Commissions 
 
 This reference to camp pastors leads us to consider another 
 group of agencies engaged in war work, namely, the denomi- 
 national war service commissions. 
 
 When the war broke out it was inevitable that the churches 
 should feel a direct and personal responsibility for meeting 
 the call made upon them for patriotic service. The response 
 took different forms. Some of the religious bodies, such as 
 the Methodists and Southern Baptists, originally put the task 
 upon the existing home missionary organizations. Others, and 
 these the majority, like the Episcopalians, the Presbyterians, 
 the Congregationalists, the Baptists, the Lutherans and the like, 
 created war commissions to represent them in the emergency. 
 A list of these commissions and their officers is given below. 
 They are of various sizes, composed of both clergy and laity, 
 but are alike in this, that they have been appointed by the 
 ecclesiastical authorities of the various communions to act 
 for them in all that concerns war work. 
 
 The action of the churches in establishing these commis- 
 sions has been criticized in some quarters as though it were an 
 expression of narrow denominationalism, but such criticism 
 entirely misses the mark. If the Church is to function at all 
 in the war, it must function in part at least through the churches 
 of which it is composed. No doubt it is a lamentable fact 
 that the war finds the Church divided, and it would be a far 
 better thing if there could be but a single organization through 
 which all alike might function. But since this is not the case 
 it is clear that we must use the agencies we have. There 
 is work to be done which the Church alone can do, which can be 
 
236 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 done most effectively by those who know the resources, the 
 habits and the traditions of each of the different bodies whose 
 cooperation is necessary. 
 
 In the first place, there is the task of reaching the individual 
 church member and bringing home to him his personal res- 
 ponsibility in the present crisis ; but for this the local church 
 must be organized. This is a work for which the denomina- 
 tional war commissions are peculiarly fitted because of their 
 power of direct access to those who must be reached. Through 
 correspondence, through literature, and through personal appeal 
 they are addressing themselves to the ministers of their own 
 communions and urging them to unite their congregations in 
 a program of war service. 
 
 In the second place, there is the need of strengthening weak 
 churches in the neighborhood of the cantonments and other 
 centres where troops are congregated. Experience has shown 
 that, when Sunday comes, the soldiers like to leave the camp 
 and find their way to worship in a real church. But the local 
 church is often weak and uninviting and needs to be rein- 
 forced by resources coming from without. This is being done 
 in various ways, sometimes by the enlargement of the plant, 
 sometimes by the supply of additional workers, not infrequently 
 by joining with other bodies in a centre of common activity. 
 
 In the third place, the Church has a responsibility for the 
 pastoral care of her sons who have enlisted. This she is dis- 
 charging in part by a system of correspondence carried on 
 through the local church, in part through the appointment 
 of the camp pastors already referred to. 
 
 Last, but not least in its importance, is the service which 
 the war commissions can render as a channel of communica- 
 tion between the churches and the different government 
 agencies charged with war work. Such agencies, for example, 
 are the Food Administration, the Red Cross, the Committee 
 on Public Information. For the success of its war program 
 the Government is dependent in the last analysis upon the 
 loyal cooperation of the individual citizen, and in securing this, 
 the aid of the churches is essential. 
 
 Problems of Adjustment 
 
 It was. of course, inevitable that the attempts to meet these 
 and similar needs should have led to a certain amount of con- 
 fusion and overlapping. Problems of serious importance have 
 emerged which require tact and patience for their solu- 
 tion. There is, in the first place, the problem of the relation 
 of the war commissions, which are temporary bodies, to the 
 permanent agencies of their own churches. How can the ap- 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 237 
 
 peal to sacrifice which the war has made and which is being 
 so generously responded to, be made to reinforce rather than 
 to weaken the permanent activities of the church? Secondly, 
 there is the relation of the communions to one another. How 
 can overlapping be avoided? How can the fields be wisely 
 partitioned? In what ways can each represent all? Thirdly, 
 there is the problem of the relation of the denominational 
 bodies to the interdenominational agencies which are already 
 functioning efi^ectively and which represent the Church as a 
 whole rather than any particular branch of it. And finally, 
 there is the relation of the religious forces in general to the 
 Government agencies, like the War and Navy Departments' 
 Commissions on Training Camp Activities, and their War 
 Camp Community Service conducted by the Playground and 
 Recreation Association of America, which concern themselves 
 with the task of community organization. 
 
 To take but two illustrations of many. There is the question 
 of denominationalism in the camps. How far may provision 
 be made for services primarily designed for the men of a 
 single communion? In what sense can the camp pastors ap- 
 pointed by and responsible to a single Christian body be used 
 for the services which shall include all? 
 
 Again, there is the question of the relation of the com- 
 munity organizers of the War Camp Community Service to ex- 
 isting Church Federations. How far may such a federation be 
 used as a nucleus for community organization? How far is 
 it advisable that their identity should be merged in a new and 
 more inclusive group? These are but samples of the kind 
 of problem which is emerging on every side and which re- 
 quires tact and patience for its solution. 
 
 In the situation thus briefly described the War-Time Com- 
 mission finds its opportunity. It is the aim of the Commis- 
 sion to visualize the work of the Church as a whole, to see 
 each of its parts in its relation to the others, and by bringing 
 about personal contact between the workers in the different 
 fields, to secure a better understanding and a heartier co- 
 operation than would otherwise be possible. It remains to 
 ask how far it has succeeded in accomplishing what it set out 
 to do. 
 
 III. The Work of the Commission 
 
 It will help us to judge the work of the Commission in- 
 telligently if we consider it under the following- heads : The 
 Program of the Commission ; Undertakings and Achievements ; 
 The Problems of the Future. 
 
238 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 The Program of the Commission 
 
 The first duty of the Commission was to map out the field 
 which it proposed to enter. Three kinds of work seemed 
 clearly to lie within its scope, which we may describe respec- 
 tively as : survey ; interpretation ; cooperation. It was neces- 
 sary, in the first place, to secure accurate knowledge of the 
 religious work already being carried on by the different 
 agencies, and of the needs which were as yet unmet. It was 
 necessary, in the second place, to share this information with 
 those who were working in each part of the field, as well as 
 with the general public which had an interest in knowing what 
 the church as a whole was doing; and finally, it was neces- 
 sary to create the machinery for doing some things for which 
 no adequate provision had as yet been made. 
 
 Survey of the Field 
 
 Of these the first manifestly took precedence. Without ac- 
 curate knowledge as to what was actually being done or 
 planned, it was impossible either to advise wisely or to act 
 effectively. But at the time the Commission began its work 
 such information was nowhere accessible. Each of the com- 
 missions and councils had its own survey department study- 
 ing the field from the point of view of its own need and spe- 
 cial task ; but there was no one whose business it was to know 
 the field as a whole, no one who was studying what each was 
 doing in its relation to all the others and collating that informa- 
 tion in such a form as to make it equally available for all. 
 Accordingly, the first thing which the Commission set itself 
 to do was to fill this gap. Its Committee on Survey, through 
 Mr, Cavert, its secretary, has collated all the information in 
 the possession of the different war commissions, and is sup- 
 plementing this partly through communication with the in- 
 dividuals and groups who are visiting the camps, partly 
 through correspondence with selected individuals in different 
 parts of the country, through whom exact information may be 
 obtained. It is our plan, so far as this information is secured, 
 to put it at the disposal of each of the cooperating bodies and 
 to keep them informed from time to time of such changes as 
 may occur. Up to the present time we have been able to 
 do this in the cantonments and the National Guard camps, and 
 we are now at work on the Regular Army and the smaller 
 posts scattered over the country, many of which are without 
 regular chaplains or other ministers of religion. 
 
 What has been done for the troops on this side of the water 
 needs to be done for the troops across the sea. Here too- 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 239 
 
 there are problems growing out of the presence of different 
 agencies working in the same field, and here too the first con- 
 dition for their satisfactory solution is accurate knowledge. 
 It is hoped in the near future to establish relations between 
 the Commission and representatives of the different agencies 
 engaged in religious work across the sea, which will make it 
 possible for us to extend our survey to include these as well. 
 The first steps have already been taken in the appointment of 
 a Committee on Investigation of Conditions in France, whose 
 duty it shall be "to study the situation in France as it affects 
 the work of the voluntary chaplains and other representatives 
 of the churches, and to advise the Commission as to what 
 action, if any, should be taken." 
 
 Interpretation and Cooperation 
 
 Having gained our knowledge, the next thing was to share 
 it. Here there are two interests to be considered. First, the 
 general public needs to be informed as to what the church is 
 doing. Second, between the groups at work in different parts 
 of the field common knowledge and understanding must obtain, 
 as between the different denominational war commissions ; the 
 denominational war commissions and the Association leaders; 
 the Protestant religious forces and the corresponding bodies 
 among the Roman Catholics and the Jews; and finally, 
 between the religious forces as a whole and Government 
 agencies, like the Commission on Training Camp Activities, 
 charged with the moral and social welfare of the soldiers. In 
 the case of all these groups it was desirable to establish natural 
 points of contact which would make for a sympathetic under- 
 standing, and much of the time and energy during the weeks 
 that have passed have been spent in trying to bring this about. 
 
 This has been done in a number of different ways. It has 
 been done in part through committees of conference, such as 
 the committee on conference with the Young Men's and 
 Young Women's Christian Associations and a similar com- 
 mittee on conference with the Playground Association. A 
 more effective method has been the formation of joint com- 
 mittees in which members of different bodies have been as- 
 sociated in some common work. But above all, it has been 
 done through the personal contact of individuals as those who 
 have been approaching the same general task from different 
 angles have met for conference on the problems which were 
 common to all. 
 
 It is too soon to make a definite catalogue of the results 
 which have already come from such conferences but this may 
 be said with confidence, that they have led to the clearing up 
 
240 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 of not a few misunderstandings, and to the taking of steps 
 which will in time clear up others. But more important than 
 any specific things accomplished is the closer sympathy which 
 has resulted from personal acquaintance, and the wider out- 
 look which has come with larger vision. 
 
 This has been notably true of the relation between the church 
 commissions and the Association leaders. Closer acquaintance 
 with the problems which confront the latter has led the repre- 
 sentatives of the churches to a more sympathetic understand- 
 ing of the difficulties the Association faces, and conversely in 
 its policy the Association is more and more coming to recog- 
 nize the importance of the interests for which the church 
 commissions stand, and is seeking ways to conserve them. 
 In the instructions recently sent from headquarters to the 
 secretaries on the field the importance of the work of the camp 
 pastors is recognized and the secretaries are directed, so far 
 as is practicable under the rules laid down by the Government, 
 to give the representatives of the churches every facility for 
 the prosecution of their work in the camps. On the other 
 hand, the church leaders recognize that under normal cir- 
 cumstances the work of the camp pastor should be to relate 
 the men in the camp to the religious forces functioning out- 
 side, and that the best results can be secured only through the 
 harmonious cooperation of all the religious workers within 
 and without the camps in a single program which assigns to 
 each its appropriate place. 
 
 Literature and Publicity 
 
 Of publicity work of a more formal kind there is as yet 
 little to report. A brief account of the Commission's aims has 
 been printed, a series of bulletins authorized, plans are under 
 discussion for articles in periodicals and the daily press, but 
 little has been done as yet to put the plan into effect. This 
 has been due, not only to the pressure of work during the 
 early days of the Commission's activity, but still more to the 
 fact that with reference to the matters of greatest public 
 interest conditions were changing so rapidly that one could 
 never be sure that what we had to tell of the work today 
 would be true of the work of tomorrow. Recently, however, 
 the situation has changed for the better. The period of ex- 
 periment is passing and it is possible to begin to draw definite 
 conclusions. As the mists dissolve and the outlines of a unified 
 plan appear, the need of publicity becomes pressing, and the 
 Commission through its Committee on Literature and Pub- 
 licity is planning to give this branch of the work the atten- 
 tion its importance deserves. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 241 
 
 Besides these general matters the attention of the Commis- 
 sion has been given to a number of special problems where 
 joint action has seemed necessary. Some idea of the number 
 and extent of these may be gained from the list of committees 
 which is appended to this report. In some cases we are able 
 to report definite accomplishment; in others only a beginning 
 has been made. 
 
 Undertakings and Achievements: Community Organization in 
 Camp Neighborhoods 
 
 And first, of the things accomplished. First on the list I 
 would put the work which has been done by the Committee on 
 Camp Neighborhoods. This is a committee consisting of 
 executive officers of the difi^erent war commissions, as well 
 as of members of the Federal Council's Commission on Inter- 
 Church Federations. Under the leadership of President C. A. 
 Barbour, who is not only Chairman of the Committee but 
 also in charge of the selection of the religious work secretaries 
 of the Young Men's Christian Association, a plan has been 
 worked out for coordinating the religious forces both inside 
 and outside of the camp, and through Dr. Guild, the Secre- 
 tary of the Committee, arrangements have been made for a 
 systematic visitation of those centres where it would appear 
 that the forces on the ground are not working together as 
 they should. A stafif of men is being developed who will go 
 to these camp communities not as representing any single 
 denomination, but the Church as a whole. In this connec- 
 tion a careful study has been made of the work of camp 
 pastors in their relation both to the workers inside the camps, 
 and especially to the communities outside. Plans have been 
 made for conferences of camp pastors to be held in some 
 southern cities in January, in which the leaders of the different 
 war commissions of the southern churches are actively par- 
 ticipating. Through this committee relations are being estab- 
 lished with the community organizers of the War Camp Com- 
 munity Service and the function of the Church in neighborhood 
 work is being defined. 
 
 One of the by-products of these conferences is a plan for 
 the unification of the religious forces in New York City, a 
 field which, owing to the pressure of outside interests, has 
 been largely neglected, but the importance of which may be 
 gauged from the statement that its parish (understanding by 
 this term the group of camps whose members find their \vay 
 naturally to New York when they have leave) embraces 150,- 
 000 troops, and some 40,000 are found on its streets every day. 
 
 At the request of the denominational war commissions a 
 
242 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 sub-committee of the Committee on Camp Neighborhoods has 
 been charged with responsibiHty for cooperative building en- 
 terprises where such seemed practicable. In several cases 
 a number of different communions have joined in the erection 
 of a building for housing their representatives who are working 
 in and about the camps, and others are contemplated. Such 
 buildings are in process of erection at Camp Devens, Camp 
 Dix, and most recently at Camp Upton. At Ayer four com- 
 munions have joined in the erection of a church headquarters 
 outside the camp. At Wrightstown a parish house is being 
 built on ground owned by the Episcopalians, in the expense and 
 maintenance of which four different communions cooperate. 
 The Episcopalians have offered the use of their church, which 
 is adjoining, for purposes of worship. A similar proposal is 
 under consideration at Camp Sherman. At Camp Upton, ow- 
 ing to the fact that there is no community adjoining the camp, 
 permission has been given to erect a church headquarters within 
 the camp, and four communions have united in the erection of 
 a chapel and parish house on ground set apart by the Govern- 
 ment adjoining the Young Men's Christian Association admin- 
 istration building. 
 
 The Needs of the Chaplains 
 
 From the first the needs of the chaplains have engaged the 
 attention of the Commission. In theory, as we have seen, the 
 chaplain is the official representative of religion in the army. 
 In practice he holds an anomalous and unsatisfactory position. 
 His relations to the church of which he is the official represent- 
 ative are loose and ill-defined. On the funds so liberally contrib- 
 uted to equip the religious workers of the Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Association he can make no claim. From the Government 
 he receives only his commission ; and whereas all other branches 
 of the service have been elevated in dignity and in numbers to 
 meet the new emergency of the war, his status in all respects re- 
 mains as it was in the days of the Spanish War and before. 
 
 It is difficult to exaggerate the infelicity of this situation. 
 It affects not only the chaplain himself, but all the other re- 
 ligious bodies which are at work for the soldiers. As we have 
 seen, it devolves upon the Association, a lay organization, 
 responsibility which in theory it is not qualified to assume. It 
 is a constant challenge to the churches to seek to secure by 
 indirect means representation in the camp which, so long as 
 the chaplains are not appointed, is granted them in theory, but 
 is denied them in fact. It complicates the work of those who 
 are planning for the unification of the religious forces in and 
 about the camps, since so long as the status of the chaplains is 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 243 
 
 undetermined, and their numbers uncertain, one of the most 
 important factors in the situation remains unknown. 
 
 The remedy for this state of things is obvious. It is that we 
 follow the example of all other countries which have chaplains 
 and create a corps of chaplains under a responsible head who 
 can represent the chaplain's interests, provide for his adequate 
 training and equipment, secure his assignment to the place 
 where he is most needed, and confer with the responsible heads 
 of the other religious forces at work in and about the camps 
 in matters of general religious policy affecting the army. Until 
 this is secured, all else is a palliative. To increase the number 
 of chaplains without altering their status may relieve but will 
 not remove the difficulty. 
 
 In cooperation with the commissions of the Catholics and of 
 the Jews the War-Time Commission is seeking to secure from 
 the Departments and from Congress action which will remedy 
 this state of affairs. In the meantime through its existing com- 
 mittees it is doing what it can to advance the interests of the 
 chaplains under the present law. The General Committee 
 on Army and Navy Chaplains, in addition to its work in rec- 
 ommending suitable candidates for appointment, is in confer- 
 ence with the Adjutant General's office as to assignment of 
 chaplains. A special Committee on the Equipment of Chaplains 
 is in correspondence with the newly appointed chaplains as to 
 their need of equipment and is bringing these needs to the 
 attention of the churches to which they belong. In this connec- 
 tion the Committee has prepared a carefully selected list of 
 things most needed with their prices based upon the results of 
 an extended correspondence with those who have had most ex- 
 perience. A Committee on Voluntary Chaplains has been con- 
 sidering the possibility of securing from the Government the 
 appointment of voluntary chaplains serving without pay in 
 such units as are at present without regular chaplains. Repre- 
 sentatives of the three committees meet as a Joint Committee 
 on Chaplains to consider the matters affecting the welfare of the 
 chaplains not otherwise provided for. 
 
 Voluntary Chaplains 
 
 The question of voluntary chaplains^ is so important and 
 at the same time so complicated that it may be worth while to 
 say a word about it here. When the war broke out it was 
 found, as we have seen, that many important units were un- 
 
 (') The name voluntary chaplain is used to denote a clergyman appointed 
 by the Commandant of a camp or other military post to act as temporary chap- 
 lain, or assistant to the regular chaplain. By camp pastor is meant a clergyman 
 appointed _ by a denominational war commission to reinforce the service of the 
 churches in the neighborhood of a camp, and, in cooperation with the chaplains 
 and _Y. M. C. A. secretaries, to render pastoral service to men of his own com- 
 munion within the camp. 
 
244 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 provided with chaplains, notably the officers' training camps, 
 and a special committee was appointed in the effort to meet 
 this need. In not a few cases action was taken by the com- 
 mandants who on their own authority appointed visiting clergy- 
 men camp chaplains, and in some cases nominated to this posi- 
 tion a religious secretary of the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation. Since the appointment of camp pastors, some of these 
 have been recognized as voluntary chaplains, either being as- 
 signed to regular units which are temporarily without chap- 
 lains, or being made assistants to the existing chaplains. Such 
 action, while relieving the immediate exigency, leaves many 
 important questions unanswered, as for example, the follow- 
 ing: What shall be the relation of the voluntary chaplain to 
 the regular chaplain, when he shall be appointed? What shall 
 be the relation of the camp pastor assigned to a definite regi- 
 ment to the denominational commission which pays his salary ? 
 How far may he rightly be regarded as a representative of his 
 own communion and hold a pastoral relationship to the men 
 of that communion belonging to other units than that to which 
 he is assigned? Shall voluntary chaplains or camp pastors 
 wear uniforms, and, if so, of what kind? Shall they have 
 military rank? These are only samples of questions still un- 
 answered, as to which the experience of the next few weeks 
 and months will doubtless shed much light. 
 
 The Work of the Local Churches 
 
 Another matter which has engaged the attention of the 
 Commission is the preparation of a program for the local 
 church. So many different bodies are appealing to the churches 
 for aid that some correlation would seem to be necessary. In 
 many cases this correlation can be effected through the in- 
 dividual denominational war commissions, but there are many 
 churches which do not have such war commissions, and there 
 are great common interests, such as that of the devotional life, 
 the Red Cross, temperance, and the fight against the social 
 evil, which need for their effective presentation the united sup- 
 port of the church as a whole. Through its Committee on 
 War-Time Work in the Local Church and Cooperation with the 
 Red Cross the Commission has been working at this problem. 
 It has prepared a program which can be sent to the local 
 churches through the denominational war commissions where 
 desired, and in other ways it is acting as a means of com- 
 munication between the different relief agencies and the 
 churches. An example in point is the recent appeal for Armen- 
 ian and Syrian relief, of which more than 60,000 copies were 
 sent out through the Commission. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION, 245 
 
 What is true of the church in general is notably true of the 
 country church. Here there are wide areas which are not 
 being- reached by existing agencies, and the problem of how to 
 bring home to the churches in these communities their respon- 
 sibility for war work is one which is engaging the attention 
 of the Commission, and as to which it is hoped later to report 
 a definite plan. 
 
 Moral Welfare of the Army and Navy 
 
 Still another matter which has engaged the attention of the 
 Commission has been that of the moral conditions in the com- 
 munities surrounding the camps. In this country there are 
 many agencies which are actively engaged in the fight against 
 vice, and with these the Commission is cooperating through 
 its Committee on Health and Morals, and its Committee on 
 Camp Neighborhoods. But the conditions abroad are not so 
 easy to handle, and the reports which have been coming to this 
 country have given us grave concern. A small informal com- 
 mittee has been formed, including Father Burke, of the Na- 
 tional Catholic War Commission, Colonel Cutler, of the Jewish 
 Welfare Board, Dr. Mott, of the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation, Dr. Speer, Bishop Perry, and the Secretary of the War- 
 Time Commission, which has been in conference with Sec- 
 retary Baker and with Mr. Fosdick on this matter, and cer- 
 tain definite steps have been taken to improve conditions, as to 
 which it will be possible to report more fully a little later. 
 As a result of this common action contacts have been established 
 which it is hoped may bear fruit in similar action with refer- 
 ence to other matters of common interest. 
 
 In addition to its work for improved moral conditions, the 
 Commission has taken an active part in the agitation for the 
 restriction of the sale of liquor during the war. A petition to 
 Congress urging nation-wide prohibition during the war has 
 been prepared by a special committee of the Commission, 
 which has been submitted to the different denominational com- 
 missions and interdenominational bodies and been approved by 
 a number of them. When all the responses have been re- 
 ceived, it will be brought before Congress. 
 
 Work for Special Groups 
 
 The needs of the workers in industrial communities have 
 been the subject of earnest thought and discussion. To the 
 Federal Council's Commission on Social Service has been en- 
 trusted the responsibility of working out a plan for defining 
 the church's responsibility in such communities and for devis- 
 ing means through which the cooperation of the permanent 
 
246 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 agencies of the church, notably the great Home Mission Boards, 
 can be secured for putting it into effect. 
 
 Other matters which have engaged the attention of the 
 Commission have been the care of interned ahens and provi- 
 sion for the welfare of the negro troops. Through a sub- 
 committee of which Rev. Frederick H. Knubel is chairman, 
 arrangements have been made for providing the ministry of 
 religion for prisoners of war, who are now interned in this 
 country, by clergymen of their own faith and language. 
 Under Bishop W. P. Thirkield an effective committee has been 
 formed which is studying the conditions of the negro troops 
 and bringing their needs to the proper authorities for action. 
 Professor John R. Hawkins of Washington has been engaged 
 as field agent of this committee and is doing excellent work 
 in the camps. 
 
 Mention should finally be made of the open letter sent to 
 the churches through the different war commissions, request- 
 ing them to set apart the three days following Thanksgiving 
 as special days of prayer — Friday as a day of confession ; 
 Saturday, of supplication ; and Sunday, of intercession. Cord- 
 ial response was received to this appeal from the different war 
 commissions, many of which took independent action on their 
 own account. A copy of the letter is attached to this report. 
 
 The Problems o£ the Future 
 
 It is clear from this brief survey of the Commission's work 
 that most of its time thus far has been given to matters of 
 organization and machinery. This has been inevitable under 
 the circumstances ; yet it would be a mistake to conclude that 
 the larger matters which were in the minds of those who 
 constituted the Commission have been lost sight of. Beyond the 
 immediate exigency which calls for instant action there are 
 permanent interests to which the church is committed. When 
 every camp is provided with its due quota of workers, clerical 
 and lay, and all the religious forces in the communities adja- 
 cent are duly mobilized ; when every family in every church 
 is practising economy in food and coal, and every church mem- 
 ber is contributing to the Red Cross and to the other relief 
 funds, the church will still have left her greatest work undone 
 unless her voice is heard in witness to those ideals of brother- 
 hood and service to which her divine Master has committed 
 her. Besides the material reconstruction which must follow 
 the war, there will be need of a reconstruction of spirit which 
 is no less important and even more difficult. But for this 
 even more than for the more immediate tasks there is need 
 of wisdom and unity. If up to this time we have addressed 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 247 
 
 no message to the churches except to reinforce the President's 
 Thanksgiving- proclamation with a call to prayer, it has been 
 not simply because we have felt that the time called for 
 deeds rather than for words ; it has been even more because 
 we have believed that in our common approach to the tasks 
 nearest at hand we should gain experience which would fit 
 us to attack with added wisdom and courage the new and 
 larger tasks which lie ahead. 
 
 This expectation has not been disappointed. During the 
 months that we have been working together we have learned 
 many things. To attempt to formulate these at this time would 
 be premature ; but it may not be inappropriate to suggest one 
 or two of the more obvious. 
 
 Individual Initiative and Cooperative Effort 
 
 For one thing we have learned the need of leaving scope 
 for individual initiative. There are more ways of doing things 
 than one. and any plan from above which ignores the varia- 
 tions of the local situation is bound to fail. "The farther you 
 get from headquarters, the better things are going'," — such is 
 the report which has come to us from more than one visitor. 
 This indeed is only what was to be expected. Our chief diffi- 
 culties in conference have grown out of lack of exact informa- 
 tion as to local conditions. But while we were hesitating 
 as to what ought to be done, the men on the ground have been 
 acting, and in nine cases out of ten, they have acted rightly. 
 
 Here as elsewhere personality is the key to success. Whether 
 he be chaplain, Young Men's Christian Association secretary, 
 or camp pastor, the man of vision and courage will succeed 
 and is succeeding. Whatever theoretical difficulties remain we 
 are agreed in this that for every important piece of work 
 which needs to be done we should pick the best man we can 
 find and trust him to the limit. 
 
 This does not mean, of course, that machinery is unim- 
 portant or conferences useless, but only that we must not 
 ask of them more than they can do. To create machinery 
 for effective social action takes time, and this is doubly true 
 under democracy. In this respect the Church stands on the 
 same footing as the State and should be judged by the same 
 standards. We are told that the Church has failed, and there 
 is a sense in which this is true. But if so, it is in the same 
 sense in which the State has failed. The inefficiency with which 
 we are reproached is a by-product of our liberty. We have 
 won the right to think and to act for ourselves. We have 
 not yet learned to think and act together. 
 
 But we are learning. This is the one thing that matters. 
 Those who look beneath the surface and measure movements 
 
248 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 by their tendency rather than by their present attainment 
 have every reason for encouragement. In the Church, as in 
 the State, we find a disposition to subordinate private ends 
 for the common good. Indeed one chief cause of our em- 
 barrassment has arisen from the many who wish to serve. 
 It is this instinct of service which is responsible for the crea- 
 tion of the different war commissions with their resulting 
 problems. It is all the more important to remember that the 
 same instinct is working for unity. Bodies which have hith- 
 erto held aloof from one another have sunk their differences 
 and come together under united leadership. Men are work- 
 ing together in the War-Time Commission who have not 
 hitherto found it possible to cooperate with one another. Diffi- 
 culties we have found in plenty, but they have been difficulties 
 of method rather than of goodwill. In time they will be 
 overcome, as similar difficulties are being overcome in the 
 State. 
 
 It is important that this should be understood. The Church 
 has sins enough upon her conscience. She should not be 
 blamed for that which she has done well. We are told that 
 she has abdicated her function as leader and left her vacant 
 place to the Young Men's Christian Association ; but in fact, 
 the reverse is the truth. It is to the credit of the Church 
 that in this time of crisis when quick and effective action was 
 a prime necessity, she turned at once to the organization which 
 was best qualified to render this service. The Young Men's 
 Christian Association, it cannot be too often repeated, is not 
 a rival of the Church ; it is the Church functioning for a par- 
 ticular purpose, and every success won by the Young Men's 
 Christian Association is a success won by the Church. Apart 
 from the resources of money and of men supplied by the 
 Church, the Association could not continue its work for a 
 single day. Look over the country and call the roll of the 
 leading churches and seminaries and you will find that they 
 have stripped themselves of their most trusted leaders that 
 in this time of need they might lend the Association their 
 counsel at headquarters and their service on the field. 
 
 Nor is this an isolated example. In every department of 
 the national service clergymen are rendering indispensable 
 help. In the offices of the Food Administration at Washington, 
 in cooperation with the Committee on Public Information, as 
 community organizers under the Training Camp Activities 
 Commission, you will find them at work. In this unselfish 
 service rendered without publicity or hope of reward the 
 Church is showing herself true to her own highest ideals and 
 justifying the confidence of those who have trusted her. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 249 
 
 The Interpretation of Ideals 
 
 But good as this is, so far as it goes, it is not enough. Apart 
 from the service rendered by individual Christians and bodies 
 of Christians, the Church as such has a function to fulfil which 
 she can surrender to no one else. As the interpreter to man- 
 kind of those ideals of the spirit which transcend time she 
 joins to her duty as servant of the nation an ecumenical re- 
 sponsibility. Facing the grim alternatives which confront 
 mankind with an imperialism which has no place for the free 
 personality and an anarchic individualism incapable of effective 
 social action, she has her contribution to make to a disciplined 
 democracy. In the new ideal for man which Christ has 
 brought into the world, in the new revelation of man's capa- 
 city for redemption and renewal through a power greater than 
 "his own ; above all, in the new vision of God which makes 
 possible faith in a better future, we possess resources without 
 which the ideal of a world of free men at peace, for which 
 the nation fights, is incapable of realization. 
 
 More and more this is becoming apparent. In the strife 
 of ideals, as in the contests of physical force, the battle belongs 
 to the strongest, and it is through religion that ideals renew 
 their strength. 
 
 From a private letter from a well know publicist, author 
 of one of the most illuminating documents published by the 
 Committee on Public Information, I quote the following: 
 
 "How hard it is to keep our heads in these dreadful days and 
 maintain our ideals ! I wonder if Germany is going to smash our 
 ideals, even if it misses our corporeal heads. Are we going to be 
 compelled to succumb to the materialism of her whole philosophy — 
 even those of us who see it and loathe it — and emulate her whole 
 policy? God forbid; but I hope God is more certain than I am." 
 
 It is because we believe that God is more certain of the 
 ■outcome than we that we can face the issue with confidence. 
 But it is through the Church that this confidence must find 
 expression. Above all other tasks which the hour lays upon 
 her is the task of renewing men's failing faith through fresh 
 witness to the God of triumphant love. 
 
 For this supreme service we must have a united and dis- 
 ciplined Church. Lamentable in their bearing upon her prac- 
 tical ministry, the divisions of the Church become tragical in 
 their effects upon her witness to the spirit. We are fighting, 
 so we say, to put an end to the rivalry of states and to organize 
 the nations into a single commonwealth. How can we expect 
 men to take us seriously when within the Church we confess 
 a similar ideal incapable of realization? 
 
 It is this insight which gives dignity to the work of the 
 
250 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Commission. Over all its humdrum tasks of organization 
 and detail shines the light of a great ideal. It is the ideal of a 
 Church which shall be true enough to her own professed faith 
 to make her words carry conviction to those to whom they come. 
 There is only one way to hasten the realization of this ideal, 
 and that is for those who accept it to learn how to work, to 
 think, and to worship together. That is what the leaders of 
 the churches are trying to do, and we of the War-Time Com- 
 mission are trying to help them. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 (Signed) William Adams Brown, Secretary. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 251 
 
 APPENDIX I 
 
 GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION OF THE CHURCHES 
 Office: 105 East 22d Street, New York, N, Y. 
 
 Speer, Robert E., Chairman, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William, Vice -Chairman, 122 Commonwealth Av- 
 enue, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Brown. Rev. William Adams, Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 White, Rev. Gaylord S., Associate Secretary. 
 
 Tryon, Harold H., Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Cavert, Rev. Samuel McCrea, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 North, Eric M., Assistant Secretary. 
 
 Advisory Council 
 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A., New York City 
 Barbour, President Clarence A., New York City 
 Carson, Rev. John F., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H.. New York City 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr., New York City 
 Stuntz, Bishop Homer C, Omaha, Nebr. 
 
 Members of the General War-Time Commission 
 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A., New York City 
 Barbour, President C. A., New York City 
 Barton, Rev. James L., Boston, Mass. 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Beardsley, Hon. Henry M., Kansas City, Mo. 
 Beauchamp, Rev. W. B., Nashville. Tenn. 
 Beck, Rev. Charles H., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Berry, Bishop Joseph F., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Birney, Dean L. J., Boston, Mass. 
 Blake, Rev. Edgar, Chicago, 111. 
 Bowman, E. M., Glen Head, L. L 
 Boynton, Rev. Nehemiah, Fort Hamilton, N. Y. 
 Breyfogel, Bishop S. C, Reading, Pa. 
 Bridgman, Rev. Howard A., Boston, Mass. 
 Brockman, Fletcher S., New York City 
 Brooks, Rev. W. H., New York City 
 Brown, Dean Charles R., New Haven, Conn. 
 Brown, George Warren, St. Louis, Mo. 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams, New York City 
 Carson, Rev. J. F., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Chamberlain, Rev. W. L, New York City 
 Cobb, Rev. Henry Evertson, New York City 
 Coffin, Rev. F. G., Albany, N. Y. 
 Coffin, Rev. Henry Sloane, New York City 
 Coleman, George W., Boston, Mass. 
 Covert, Rev. W. C, Chicago, 111. 
 Cratty, Miss Mabel, New York City 
 Crawford, Hanford, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
252 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Cushman, Mrs. James S., New York City 
 Delk, Rev. Edwin Heyl, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Dillard, Dr. James H., Charlottesville, Va. 
 Fallows, Rt. Rev. Samuel, Chicago, 111. 
 Faunce, President W. H. P., Providence, R. I. 
 Forsyth, Rev. David D., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Fosdick, Rev. Harry E., New York City 
 Foulkes, Rev. William Hiram, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Gamble, James N., Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Glenn, John M., New York City 
 Goodell, Rev. Charles L., Nev>r York City 
 Gray, Rev. B. D., Atlanta, Ga. 
 Gregg, Frank M., Cleveland, O. 
 Grose, Rev. Howard B., Washington, D. C. 
 Harbison, William A., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Harding, Rt. Rev. Alfred, Washington, D. C. 
 Haven, Rev. William I., New York City 
 Hawkins, Prof. John R., Washington, D. C. 
 Heinz, H. J., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Henderson, Bishop T. S., Detroit, Mich. 
 Hendrix, Bishop E. R., Kansas City, Mo. 
 Herring, Rev. Hubert C, Boston, Mass. 
 Holt, Hamilton, New York City. 
 Innes, George, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Jenkins, Lt. Col. Walter F., New York City 
 Johnson, Alba, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Jones, Rufus M., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Jones, Rev. J. Addison, Albany, N. Y. 
 Jones, Thomas Jesse, Washington, D. C.- 
 Joy, James R., New York City 
 Kershner, Rev. Frederick D., Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Kimball, Alfred R., New York City 
 King, President Henry Churchill, OlDerlin, Ohio 
 Knubel, Rev. F. H., New York City 
 Lambuth, Bishop Walter R., Oakdale, Cal. 
 Lawrence, Marion, Chicago, 111. 
 Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William, Boston, Mass. 
 Lawson, Rev. Albert G., New York City 
 Lee, Joseph, Boston, Mass. 
 Lloyd, Rt. Rev. Arthur S., New York City 
 Lord. Rev. Rivington D., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Lynch, Rev. Frederick, New York City 
 MacKenzie, President Wm. Douglas, Hartford, Conn, 
 Marling, Alfred E., New York City 
 Marquis, Rev. John A., Cedar Rapids, Iowa 
 Mathews, Dean Shailer, Chicago, 111. 
 McCormick, Rt. Rev. John M., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 McDowell, Bishop William F., Washington, D. C. ^ 
 Merrill, Rev. William P., New York City 
 Meyer, Rev. Henry H., Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Milliken, Governor Carl E., Augusta, Maine 
 Moore, Rev. John M., Nashville, Tenn. 
 Mott, John R., New York City 
 Mouzon, Bishop E. D., Dallas, Texas 
 MuUins, President E. Y., Louisville, Ky. 
 Nicholson, Vincent D., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Niebuhr, Rev. Reinhold, Detroit, Mich. 
 Parker, Col. Edward J., New York City 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 253 
 
 Peabody, Mrs. H. W., Beverley, Mass. 
 
 Pepper, John R., Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr., Providence, R. I. 
 
 Pinchot, Gifford, Milford, Pike County, Pa. 
 
 Pinson, Rev. W. W., Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Poling, Daniel A., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Post, James H., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Roberts, Rev. William H., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Schiefifelin, William Jay, New York City 
 
 Severance, John L., Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 Schlegel, Rev. H. Franklin, Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Short, William H., New York City 
 
 Shuey, Edwin L., Dayton, Ohio 
 
 Smith, Fred B., New York City 
 
 Snyder, Dr. H. N., Spartanburg, S. C. 
 
 Southgate, Thomas S., Norfolk, Va. 
 
 Speer, Robert E., New York City 
 
 Speer, Mrs. Robert E., New York City 
 
 Speers, James M., New York City 
 
 Stevenson, President J. Ross, Princeton, N. J. 
 
 Strayer, Rev. Paul Moore, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 Thirkield, Bishop Wilbur P., New Orleans, La. 
 
 Thomas, Rev. Frank M., Louisville, Ky. 
 
 Thorne, Samuel, Jr., New York City 
 
 Tipple, Rev. Ezra S., Madison, N. J. . 
 
 Vance, Rev. James L, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Vawter, Keith, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 
 
 Wilson, Bishop Luther B., New York City 
 
 Woods, Robert A., Boston, Mass. 
 
 Executive Committee 
 
 Speer, Robert E., Chairman 
 
 North, Rev. Frank Mason, President of the Federal Council of the 
 
 Churches of Christ in America, Ex-OfHcio 
 Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William, Vice-Chairman of the General War-Time 
 
 Commission of the Churches, Ex-Officio 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A. Kimball, Alfred R. 
 
 Barbour, President Clarence A. King, President Henry C. 
 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z. Knubel, Rev. F. H. 
 
 Blake, Rev. Edgar Lawson, Rev. Albert G. 
 
 Carson, Rev. J. F. McDowell, Bishop William F. ■- 
 
 Chamberlain, Rev. W. L Moore, Rev. John M. 
 
 Cratty, Miss Mabel Mott, John R. 
 
 Forsyth, Rev. David D. Nicholson. Vincent D. 
 
 Glenn, John M. Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr. 
 
 Gray, Rev. B. D. Schlegel, Rev. H. Franklin 
 
 Grose, Rev. Howard B. Smith, Fred B. 
 
 Harbison, William A. Speers, James M. 
 
 Flaven, Rev. William L Vance, Rev. James L 
 
 Hawkins. Prof. J. R. - Vawter, Keith 
 
 Innes, George 
 
 Committee on Survey of the Field and Work 
 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z., Chairman, 1701 Chestnut Street, Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. 
 Cavert, Rev. S. M., Secretary. 105 East 22d Street, New York City 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H. 
 
254 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Lawson, Rev. Albert G. 
 Smith. Fred B. 
 
 General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains 
 
 Office: 1112 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C. 
 
 McDowell, Bishop William F., Chairman, 1509 16th Street, N. W., 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 Armitage, Rev. Clyde F., Secretary, 1112 Woodward Building, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 Bagby, Rev. E. B., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Bayard, Chaplain G. Livingston, American Expeditionary Force, Paris, 
 France 
 
 Bird, Rev. Andrew R., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Bliss, Rev. Edwin M., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Calvin, Rev. J. Alvin, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Cranston, Bishop Earl, Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Davis, Rev. Lyman E., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Gray, Rev. B. D., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Harding, Rt. Rev. Alfred, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Harper, President W. A., Elon College, N. C. 
 
 Jacobs, Rev. Charles M., Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Keever, Rev. Edwin F., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 Lambuth, Bishop Walter R., Oakdale, Cal. 
 
 Prettyman, Rev. Forest R., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Radcliffe, Rev. Wallace, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Steck, Rev. Charles F., Washington. D. C. 
 
 Wenchel, Rev. J. F., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wood, Rev. Charles, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Committee on Equipment of Chaplains 
 
 Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William, Chairman, 122 Commonwealth Avenue, 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 White, Rev. Gaylord S., Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New York City 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams 
 Foulkes, Rev. William Hiram 
 Tippy, Rev. Worth M. 
 
 Committee on Voluntary Chaplains 
 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams, Chairman, 105 East 22d Street, New 
 
 York City 
 White, Rev. Gaylord S., Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New York City 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A. 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z. 
 Carson, Rev. John F. 
 Forsyth, Rev. David D. 
 Gray, Rev. B. D. 
 Innes, George 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H. 
 Moore. Rev. John M. 
 Mott, John R. 
 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr. 
 Vance, Rev. James I. 
 
 Joint Committee on Chaplains 
 
 Speer, Robert E., Chairman, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION, 255 
 
 Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William 
 Macfarland, Rev. Charles S. 
 McDowell, Bishop William F. 
 
 Committee on Camp Neighborhoods 
 
 Barbour, President Clarence A., Chairman, 124 East 28th Street, New 
 
 York City 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams, Vice-Chairman, 105 East 22d Street, 
 
 New York City 
 Guild, Rev. Roy B., Executive Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New 
 
 York City 
 Cavert, Rev. Samuel M., Assistant Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, 
 
 New York City 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A. 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z. 
 Carson, Rev. John F. 
 Chamberlain, Rev. W. I. 
 Ferry, Rev. A. J. 
 Forsyth, Rev. David D. 
 Gray, Rev. B. D. 
 Green, Rev. George 
 Innes, George 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H. 
 Moore, Rev. John M. 
 Mott, John R. 
 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr. 
 Smith, Fred B. 
 Stilwell, Rev. Herbert F. 
 Vance, Rev. James I. 
 
 Committee on Health and Moral Conditions 
 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr., Chairman, 14 Wall Street, New 
 
 York City 
 Strayer, Rev. Paul Moore, Secretary 
 Cratty, Miss Mabel 
 Gray, Rev. B. D. 
 McDowell, Bishop William F. 
 Moore, Rev. John M. 
 Mott, John R. 
 Vance, Rev. James I. 
 
 Committee on Industrial Conditions 
 
 (Commission of the Federal Council on the Church and Social Service) 
 King, President Henry Churchill, Chairman, Oberlin College. Oberlin, 
 
 Ohio 
 Tippy, Rev. Worth M., Executive Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New 
 
 York City 
 
 X Committee on the Welfare of Negro Troops 
 
 Thirkield, Bishop Wilbur P., Chairman, New Orleans, La. 
 
 Jones, Thomas Jesse, Executive Secretary, 3462 Macomb Street, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Hawkins, Prof. John R., Field Secretary, 1541 14th Street, N. W., 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Dillard, James H. 
 Moton, Major Robert R. 
 Peabody, George Foster 
 
256 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Committee on Interned Aliens 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H., Chairman, 48 Hamilton Terrace, New 
 
 York City 
 Tippy, Rev. Worth M., Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, Nevir York City 
 Freas, Rev. William, 437 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 
 Committee on Investigation of Conditions in France 
 
 Anderson, Bishop W. F., Convener, 420 Plum Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 Coleman, George W. 
 
 Fosdick, Rev. Harry Emerson 
 
 Goodrich, Rev. Chauncey W. 
 
 McCormick, Rt. Rev. John 
 
 Trexler, Rev. Charles D. 
 
 Committee on War-Time Work in the Local Church and 
 Cooperation with the American Red Cross 
 
 Glenn, John M., Chairman, 130 East 22d Street, New York City 
 Tippy, Rev. Worth M., Executive Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New 
 
 York City 
 Alexander, John L. 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A. 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z. 
 Blake, Rev. Edgar 
 Crouch, Rev. Frank M. 
 Dean, Rev. G. B. 
 Ferry, Rev. Asa J. 
 Gray, Rev. B. D. 
 Grossman, Rev. A. A. 
 Guild, Rev. Roy B. 
 Guthrie, Rev. Charles E. 
 Hodges, Rev. Harry 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H. 
 Parker, Rev. Fitzgerald S. 
 Poling, Daniel A. 
 Taylor, Prof. Alva W. 
 Van Ness, Rev. Isaac J. 
 White, Rev. James A. 
 
 Committee on Conference with the Young Men's and Young 
 
 Women's Christian Associations 
 
 Haven, Rev. William I., Chairman, Bible House, Astor Place, New 
 
 York City 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A. 
 Barbour, President Clarence A.- 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z. 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams 
 Carson, Rev. John F. 
 Cratty, Miss Mabel 
 Forsyth, Rev. David D. 
 Mott, John R. 
 North, Rev. Frank Mason 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr. 
 Committee on Conference with the War Camp Community Service' 
 
 Brown, Rev. William Adams 
 Glenn, John M. 
 Speer, Robert E. 
 
 (^) This service is conducted by the Playground and Recreation Asso- 
 ciation of America for the War Department and Navy Department Commissions on 
 Training Camp Activities. 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 257 
 
 Committee on a Day of Penitence and Prayer 
 Mott, John R. 
 North, Rev. Frank Mason 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr. 
 
 Committee on Literature and Publicity 
 
 White, Rev. Gaylord S., Chamnan, 105 East 22d Street, New York City 
 Stelzle, Rev. Charles, Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New York City 
 North, Eric M., Assistant Secretary, 105 East 22d Street, New York City 
 Brockman, Fletcher S. 
 Grose, Rev. Howard B. 
 Haven, Rev. WiUiam I. 
 
 Committee on a Church Flag 
 
 Flaven, Rev. William I., Chairman, Bible House, Astor Place, New- 
 York City 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A. 
 Glenn, John M. 
 
 Committee on Finance 
 
 Bowman, E. M. 
 Glenn, John M. 
 Harbison, William A. 
 Kimball, Alfred R. 
 
 APPENDIX .II 
 
 DIRECTORY OF OTHER WAR-TIME AGENCIES 
 
 American Bible Society, Bible House, Astor Place, New York City 
 Wood, James, President 
 Fox, Rev. John, Corresponding Secretary 
 Haven, Rev. WilHam I., Corresponding Secretary 
 American Christian Convention, War Work Committee of the 
 
 Coffin, Rev. F. G., Chairman, 126 Chestnut Street, Albany, N. Y. 
 American Friends Service Committee, 20 South 12th Street, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 Jones, Prof. Rufus M., Chairman, Haverford College, Haverford 
 
 Pa. 
 Nicholson, Vincent D., Executive Secretary, 20 South 12th Street, 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Baptist, North. The V/ar Commission of the Northern Baptist 
 Convention 
 
 Coleman, George W., Chairman, 220 Devonshire Street, Boston, 
 
 Mass. 
 Batten, Rev. Samuel Z., Secretary, 1701 Chestnut Street, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 Baptist, South. War Council of the Home Mission Board of the 
 Southern Baptist Convention, 1004 Healey Building, Atlanta, Ga. 
 Gray, Rev. B. D., Corresponding Secretary 
 Green, Rev. George, Director Camp Activities 
 Congregational. The National Service Commission of the Congre- 
 gational Churches, Room 83, 289 Fourth Avenue, New York City 
 Butterfield, President Kenyon L.. Chairman, Amherst, Mass. 
 Atkinson, Rev. Henry A., Secretary, 289 Fourth Avenue, New 
 York City 
 Disciples of Christ, War Emergency Committee for the 
 
 Burnham, Frederick W., Carew Building, Cincinnati, Ohio 
 Vawter, Keith, Secretary, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 
 
258 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Evangelical Association. Commission for War Time Work among 
 the Army Camps and at the Front 
 
 Breyfogel, Bishop S. C, Chairman, 836 Centre Avenue, Readinsf, 
 
 Pa. 
 Berger, Rev. F._ C, Secretary, 1903 Woodland Avenue, S. E., 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 Evangelical Synod of N. A,, War Welfare Commission of the, 1716 
 Chouteau Avenue, St. Lx)uis, Mo. 
 
 Dresel, Rev. William N., Chairman, 31 North 3d Street, Evans- 
 
 ville, Ind. 
 Niebuhr, Rev. Reinhold, Executive Secretary, 787 Lothrop Ay- 
 enue, Detroit, Mich. 
 Jewish Board for Welfare Work in the U. S. Army and Navy, 19 
 West 44th Street, New York City 
 
 Cutler, Col. Harry, Chairman, 7 Eddy Street, Providence, R. I. 
 Teller, Chester J., Secretary and Executive Director, 19 West 
 44th Street, New York City 
 Lutheran Church (all general bodies). National Lutheran Com- 
 mission for Soldiers' and Sailors' Welfare, 437 Fifth Avenue, New 
 York City 
 
 Knubel, Rev. Frederick H., Chairman, 48 Hamilton Terrace, 
 
 New York City 
 Freas. Rev. William, OMce Secretary, 437 Fifth Avenue, New 
 York City 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. War Council of the 
 
 Berry, Bishop Joseph W., Chairman, 1701 Arch Street, Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. 
 McDowell, Bishop William F., Chairman of Executive Committee, 
 
 1509 16th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 Henderson, Bishop Theodore S., Executive OMcer 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, South. War-Time Commission of 
 the 
 
 Lambuth, Bishop Walter R., Chairman, Oakdale, Cal. 
 Moore, Rev. John M., Secretary, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 
 Methodist Protestant Church, War Work Commission of the 
 Davis, Rev. Lyman E., 219 Sixth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Beck, Rev. Charles H., Secretary, 507 Pittsburgh Life Building, 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South), General War WorK 
 Council of the, 154 Fifth Avenue, North, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Vance, Rev. James I., Chairman, 154 Fifth Avenue, North, Nash- 
 ville, Tenn. 
 Gunn, Rev. C. Groshon, Executive Secretary, 154 Fifth Avenue, 
 North, Nashville, Tenn. 
 Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., The National Service Commission 
 of the, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 
 
 Carson, Rev. John F., Chairman, 258 Jefferson Avenue, Brooklyn, 
 
 N. Y. 
 Ottman, Rev. Ford C, Executive Secretary, 156 Fifth Avenue, 
 New York City 
 Protestant Episcopal Church in the U. S. of A. The War Commis- 
 sion of the Episcopal Church, 14 Wall Street, New York City 
 Lawrence, Rt. Rev. William, Chairman, 122 Commonwealth 
 
 Avenue, Boston, Mass. 
 Perry, Rt. Rev. James DeWolf, Jr.. Chairman of Executive Com- 
 mittee and Executive, 14 Wall Street, New York City 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 259 
 
 Reformed Church in America, War Service Commission of the 
 League for Patriotic Service of the 
 
 Voorhees, Rev. Oscar M., Chairman, 350 East 146th Street New 
 York City 
 
 Chamberlain, Rev. W. I., Clmirman, Camp Neighborhood Commit- 
 tee, 25 East 22d Street, New York City 
 
 Reformed Church in the U. S., The National Service Commission 
 of the 
 
 Office: 15th and Race Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 Schaeflfer, Rev. Charles E., Chairman. 
 
 Cramer, Rev. W. Stuart, Secretary and Treasurer, Lancaster, 
 Pa. 
 
 Roman Catholic Church. National Catholic War Council 
 
 Office of Executive Committee : Catholic University, Washington, 
 
 D. C. 
 Burke, Rev. John J., President, 120 West 60th Street, New York 
 
 City 
 Hooke, Walter G., Executive Secretary, 154 East 38th Street, 
 
 New York City 
 
 Salvation Army, War Board of the, 122 West 14th Street, New York 
 City 
 
 Booth, Commander Evangeline, Chairman 
 Parker, Col. Edward J., Secretary 
 
 Sunday Schools. National Sunday School War Coimcil 
 
 Blake, Rev. Edgar, President, 58 East Washington Street, Chi- 
 cago, 111. 
 
 Alexander, John L, Secretary, 1416 Mailers Building, 5 So. 
 Wahash Avenue, Chicago, 111. 
 
 Unitarian Churches, War Work Council of the, 25 Beacon Street, 
 Boston, Mass. 
 
 Eliot, Rev. Samuel A., Chairman 
 Forbes, Rev. Elmer S., Secretary 
 
 United Committee on War Temperance Activities in the Army and 
 Navy, 289 Fourth Avenue, New York City 
 
 Poling, Daniel A., Chairman, 31 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 Whitney, Rev. Arthur E., Executive Secretary, 289 Fourth 
 Avenue, New York City 
 
 United Evangelical Church, War Service Commission of the, 441 
 
 West Chestnut Street, Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 Heil, Rev. William F., President, Allentown, Pa. 
 Schlegel, Rev. H. Franklin, Secretary, 441 West Chestnut St., 
 Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 United Presbyterian Church, National Service Commission of the, 
 
 334 Land Title Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Pollock, Rev. Thomas C, Chairman, 5034 Hazel Avenue, Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. 
 
 Free, Rev. Lytle R., Secretary, 334 Land Title Building, Phila- 
 delphia, Pa. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association of the United States, National 
 War Work Council of the, 124 East 28th Street, New York City 
 Sloane, William, Chairman 
 Mott, John R., General Secretary 
 Brockman, Fletcher S., Associate General Secretary 
 
260 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 Young People's Societies. Interdenominational Young People's 
 Commission 
 
 Poling, Daniel A., President, 31 Mt. Vernon Street, Boston, Mass. 
 Hall, Rev. William Ralph, Secretary, Witherspoon Building, Phil- 
 adelphia, Pa. 
 Young Women's Christian Associations, War Work Council of the 
 National Board of the, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City 
 Cushman, Mrs. James S., Chairman 
 Morse, Mrs. Howard, Secretary pro tent. 
 Cratty, Miss Mabel, General Secretary, National Board 
 
 APPENDIX III 
 
 The President and the Governors of the several States have 
 again appointed a day of Thanksgiving and Prayer. In behalf 
 of the Christian Churches and upon the request of their War 
 Service Commissions we desire to support this call and to ask 
 the Christian people of the land to extend the observance from 
 Thanksgiving Day over the ensuing Sunday. We suggest 
 that Thursday be devoted to our customary national Thanks- 
 giving, Friday to penitence and humiliation, Saturday to sup- 
 plication and Sunday to intercession. 
 
 Our generation confronts the gravest and most solemn issues. 
 Twice our fathers faced such issues, at the beginning of the 
 nation and in the tragedy of the Civil War. And now our 
 time of supreme need and trial has come. How can we meet 
 it except in the guidance and strength of God? By our own 
 necessities and by the distress and calamity of mankind we 
 are summoned to prayer. In the name of the Churches we 
 voice this summons to all our people. 
 
 On Thursday in our homes and in our churches let us give 
 thanks to God for His goodness and His infinite patience and 
 pity, for freedom and prosperity, for our nation and our homes, 
 for the past security of our shores, for peace within our own 
 borders, for the sense of national unity and brotherhood, for 
 the honor of self-sacrifice and the glory of service unto death, 
 for God's gracious love and for the salvation provided for us 
 and for all mankind in Jesus Christ our Lord. 
 
 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication 
 with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God. And the 
 peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts 
 and minds through Christ Jesus. — Phil., IV, 6, 7. 
 
 On Friday let us implore the compassion and forgiveness of 
 God and confess and repent of our sins, our selfishness and 
 unbrotherliness, our acceptance of un-Christian conditions and 
 
GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION. 261 
 
 ideals, our toleration of impurity and intemperance and the 
 various forces of evil which prey upon the lives of our people 
 and unnerve the nation, our race prejudice and our assent to 
 any form of injustice among ourselves or in our relations to 
 other peoples. In sorrowful remembrance of our own faults 
 and errors, let us humble ourselves before God and pray for 
 His mercy that we may be spared His just judgments. 
 
 If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth 
 is not in us. If we confess our sins. He is faithful and just to forgive 
 us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. — I John, I, 8, 9. 
 
 On Saturday let us beseech God for His blessing upon our 
 homes, our churches, our communities, all our agencies of 
 service and benevolence, our country, for the overthrow of 
 wrong and the triumph of righteousness, for the enlighten- 
 ment of the mind of the nation to know and do His will, for 
 courage to endure every sacrifice at the call of duty, for 
 fortitude in the hour of adversity, and that we may offer unto 
 God for His work the united body of the nation. Let us pray 
 for our soldiers and sailors that they may assist by God's 
 grace in the sure re-establishment .of law and order and justice. 
 Let us implore Him in His infinite goodness to soften the 
 hearts, enlighten the minds, and quicken the conscience of all 
 men that courses of wrong may be relinquished, that the 
 effusion of blood may be stayed, that the hurt of humanity 
 may be healed, that friendship and goodwill may be restored 
 and that peace may be established throughout the earth. 
 
 Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil speak- 
 ing be put away from you, with all malice; and be ye kind one to an- 
 other, even as God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you. — Eph., IV, 31, 32. 
 
 On Sunday let us make intercession for all men, for the 
 suffering and destitute, for our allies and for our enemies, for 
 those who have gone forth from us, without anger or hate, 
 at the call of duty, to serve our nation and mankind in this 
 great struggle on land and sea, that God may enable them 
 worthily to live or to die as the servants of His Holy Name 
 and that, if it be His will, they shall both do all their duty 
 and return to us again. Let us pray for the President and for 
 Congress and for all who in this hour serve in any way the 
 common weal that they may be given courage and wisdom and 
 consecration and that the cause of righteousness may triumph. 
 Let us pray for all mankind and for the coming of its one 
 hope and deliverance in the reign of Jesus Christ our Lord 
 as the King of all the earth. 
 
 I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplication, prayers, interces- 
 sions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men ; for kings, and for all 
 
262 FEDERAL COUNCIL OF THE CHURCHES OF CHRIST. 
 
 that are in authority; that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all 
 godliness and honesty. For this is good and acceptable in the sight of 
 God and our Saviour; who will have all men to be saved, and to come 
 unto the knowledge of the truth. For there is one God and one media- 
 tor between God and men, the man Christ Jesus ; who gave himself a 
 ransom for all, to be testified in due time. — / Tim., II, 1-6. 
 
 We ask that in our places of worship and in the secret 
 prayers of our hearts, these days be solemnly observed that the 
 nation may seek after God and find Him. And we suggest 
 that not only during these four days should all the Christian 
 people of our land join in this united prayer and supplication 
 but also that in our homes and as far as possible in our churches 
 there should be daily intercession that we may both know and 
 do God's righteous will, that wrong may be overthrown among 
 the peoples and in the hearts of men and that the prayer of 
 the whole creation may be heard, "Thy Kingdom Come, Thy 
 will be done on earth as it is in heaven." 
 
 Robert E. Sfeer 
 William Lawrence 
 Frank Mason North 
 
 November 12, 1917. 
 
Literature on the 
 War- Work of the Churches 
 
 The Churches of Christ in Time of War 
 
 Addresses and the Message of the Special Meeting of the Federal 
 Council, Washington, May, 1917. Cloth, 192 pp. Fifty Cents. 
 
 The War-Time Tasks of Every Church 
 and Community 
 
 A Practical Manual of Work for All Churches during the War. 
 64 pp. Single copies, 10 cents; Twelve copies, $1.00. 
 
 A War-Time Program for Local Churches 
 
 With Emphasis on Churches distant from Training Camps. Single copies 
 on application; $1.50 per hundred; $13.00 per thousand. 
 
 New Ventures in Faith 
 
 Suggestions for New Discoveries of the Resources and the Guidance of 
 God. A manual of daily devotion for a month. 68 pp. Single 
 copies, 20 cents; 12 copies, $2.00; 100 copies, $10.00. 
 
 Other literature is published by the various denominational 
 war-time commissions. 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 The Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America 
 
 Rev. Frank Mason North, President 
 
 Charles S. Macfarland, Qeneral Secretary 
 
 Roy B. Guild, Secretary 
 
 Sidney L. Gulick, Secretary 
 
 Charles Stelzle, Secretary 
 
 Worth M. Tippy, Secretary 
 
 Clyde F. Armilage, Assistant Secretary 
 
 Alfred R. Kimball, Treasurer 
 
 GENERAL WAR-TIME COMMISSION 
 OF THE CHURCHES 
 
 Robert E. Speer, Chairman 
 
 Rt. Rev. William Lavs^rence, V ice-Chairman 
 
 Rev. William Adams Brown, Secretary 
 
 Rev. Gaylord S. White, Associate Secretary 
 
 Harold H. Tryon, Assistant Secretary 
 
 Rev. Samuel McCrea Cavert, Assistant Secretary 
 
 Eric M. North, Assistant Secretary 
 
 105 EAST 22d STREET, - NEW YORK 
 
 Branch Office; 1112 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C.