Author Title Imprint 16—47372-2 «PO ^v v haK pbggkgfr UL£s d The BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO. The Most Extensive manu- facturers In the World of BILLIARD and POOL TABLES AND SUPPLIES. MAIN OFFICES AND FACTORIES : NEW YORK— Office and Salesrooms: 29-35 West 33d Street. Factory: Long Island City. CHICAGO— Office and Salesrooms: 263-265 Wabash Ave., S. S. Factories: Orleans, Huron, Superior & Sedgwick Sts. and Muskegon, Mich. CINCINNATI— Office and Salesrooms: 130-132 East Sixth Street. — Factory: 217-219 East Eighth Street. ST. tO CIS— 106 South Fourth Street. SAN FRANCISCO— Office and Salesrooms: 17-27 Franklin St. Factory: 20th & Harrison Sts. Eastern Branch Offices and Salesrooms: BOSTON, MASS 86 Washington Street NEW HAVEN, CONN. 129-131 Temple Street BALTIMORE, MD . .11-13 N. Liberty Street WASHINGTON, D. C > 712 13th Street, N. W. PHILADELPHIA, PA 1002 Arch Street SYRACUSE, N. Y 204-206 W. Water Street BUFFALO, N. Y 221 Washington Street PITTSBURG, PA 20 Wood Street ALBANY, N. Y 576 Broadway RICHMOND, VA 12 North Twelfth Street Western Branch Offices and Salesrooms: DETROIT, MICH. 98-100 Randolph Street GRAND RAPIDS, MICH 56 South Ionia Street CLEVELAND, OHIO 1392-1398 West Third Street TOLEDO, OHIO 513-515-517 N. St. Clair Street COLUMBUS, OHIO ,. . 41 E. Chestnut Street INDIANAPOLIS, IND ... ..105 S. Meridian Street MILWAUKEE, WIS 275-277-279 W. Water Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINN 426-430 3rd Street South OMAHA, NEB 407-409 South Tenth Street MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA 314-316 South Third Avenue KANSAS CITY, MO ..537-539 Delaware Street DALLAS, TEXAS 15s Main Street EL PASO, TEXAS 216-218 South Stanton Street NEW ORLEANS, LA 134 Chartres Street DENVER, COLO 1701-19 15th Street SALT LAKE, UTAH 170-172-174 W. Second South Street BUTTE, MONT. . . ^ Broadway and Arizona Streets MEMPHIS, TENN 227-229 South Main Street Pacific Coast Branch Offices and Salesrooms: PORTLAND, ORE 49 Third Street LOS ANGELES, CAL 331-333 East Third Street SEATTLE, WASH 201-203-205 First Avenue South SPOKANE, WASH 604-610 Front Avenue Foreign Branch Offices and Salesrooms: PARIS, FRANCE 19 Rue de la Pepiniere MEXICO, MEX Zuleta 15 TORONTO, ONTARIO .67-69 Adelaide Street West MONTREAL. P. Q n Notre Dame St WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, 400 Portage Avenue VANCOUVER, B. C 552 Beatty Street Largest and Best Equipped Factories in the World. ~B* v/ ■ C or \ A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF STANDARD RULES OK ALL THE PROMINENT GAMES OF Billiards and Pool AS PRACTICED BY THE GREA T PROFESSIONALS AND OTHER LEADING PLA VERS IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD A Series of Valuable Hints to the Purchasers of Billiard-Tables and to those who keep Tables for Private or Public Use THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO. 1909 LIBRARY of CONGRESS Tv/o Copies Received FEB \\ 1909 Copyrignl Entry CLASS CC. XXc ' No - copy a. j Copyrighted, 1909 by '.VHE BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO. «A»a^ msmffft ee>***^tf, msw yssKt ja INTRODUCTORY. In presenting this revised edition of the Handbook of the Rules of Billiards the publishers have been duly mindful of the many changes and modifications that have taken place since some of these rules were originally framed. Their aim has been to contribute to the history and literature of "the Gentleman's Game" a volume that shall preserve all that is vital and valuable in the way of rules and directions, while at the same time discarding much that is obsolete and confusing. Accordingly it will be found that the book is in the best sense "up to date." It embodies, among other things, the playing rules of the Eighteen-inch Balk Line Game for the World's Championship, which differs radically from any other style of game heretofore introduced, and which, as illustrated by the highest grade of expert skill, has gained instant public acceptance as one of the most fascinating forms in which the game of billiards has ever been presented. It will be noticed, moreover, that a change for the better has been made through- out in the phraseology and construction of the playing rules of the games most in vogue both of billiards and pool, with the object alike of dispensing with superfluous words and of assisting the reader to a clear interpretation of the meaning and intention of the laws governing the different games. This improved form of the rules has been approved and indorsed by the leading experts of the world, and therefore bears the stamp of the highest authority. To the great body of devotees of the grandest of indoor sports, as well as to those who may desire disinterested advice and suggestion as to the matters to be considered in the purchase of billiard tables and the fitting up and conduct of billiard rooms both public and pri- vate—in short, to the friends and patrons of billiards every- where, this handy volume is respectfully dedicated. THE BRUNSWICK-BALKE COLLENDER CO. HISTORY. The origin of " The Noble Game " Las forever been a mystery and a contested point, and its invention has been at- 1 1 ibuted by various authorities to several nationalities. As an antique date we might mention that Shakespeare, born in 15Gi, and who died in 161G, would have us believe that when Antony revelled in the charms and the luxurious love of the Egyptian Queen, that billiards was even then a well known pastime, for at this period, 30 e.g., he makes Cleopatra sum- mon Charmian to billiards. In O'Reilly s English translation of the Abbe McGeorghegan's " History of Ireland " is given the substance of the will of Cathire More, a sub-king of Ire- land, who reigned over the district of Leinster, and who died a.d. 148. To quote from that will : " To Drimoth I be- queath fifty billiard-balls of brass, with the pools and cues of the same material." The late Rev. Archbishop Hughes, who was himself a patron and warm advocate of the refined pastime, attests that he read in the Confessions of St. Augustine, born a.d. 430, an allusion to billiards. In France, Germany, England, and in this coun- try (the game having been brought here by the Spaniards, who settled in St. Augustine, Fla., in 1565) women have for many years been steadfast patrons of the fascinating pastime. Our Presidents, from George Washington to the present time, have practised the game in the billiard-parlor of the Executi-*- 6 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF Mansion, likewise have many of the Governors of our several States. Henry Ward Beecher and other great divines have in strong terms of praise advocated the game. It may be stated in this connection that there are hundreds of educational insti- tutions — insane and inebriate asylums — and very many refor- matories throughout the world where the billiard-table is looked upon as an indispensable adjunct. The venerable Dr. McCosh, of Princeton College renown, is a warm advocate of the game, likewise are many other of the great Professors of these institutions, and it is but a few years since that a graduate of Princeton College, uj)on reach- ing New York, sent four new billiard-tables as a present to the students of this noble institution. Referring to the billiard-table as a means of healthful exer- cise, especially for scholars and other persons of sedentary habits, a physician attached to a private academy in one of the Western States writes : "I carefully observed for several months the powerfully strengthening effect of this peculiar ex- ercise, and was much surprised to note the benefits to those possessing weak and defective structures. So marvellous have been the results in many cases where diseases have become almost chronic, that I can scarcely comprehend such wonderful results in so short a time. Tins exercise, so efficacious in driv- ing disease from the human system, has been thoroughly tested and has proven a permanent success, and has the ef- fect of materially assisting the pupils, the work of cultivating the mind being greatly aided by the healthful operations of the functions of the body. " Without exercise, the plan has been inactivity of body and activity of mind ; under this system it is equal activity of both, the healthful influence of one, induced by judicious muscular exercise, operating to assist the other. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 7 "The motions gone through in the pastime reach every part of the body, and operate upon every portion of the system. They completely dispel languor and inactivity from the frame. The tension of the muscles is tested, and the blood flowing sluggishly in remote and undisturbed portions, is urged and quickened in its circulation by the relaxing and contracting muscles. The brain stimulated into new activity by the lively, bounding current within, and unharnessed by disordered functions of the physical life, comprehends and absorbs with swiftness whatever is presented to its spiritual appetite. •Such have been the effects of free billiard exercises, and I hope soon to see them become general in use, as it makes the youth feel that he is growing up into a new life of physical strength and activity."' Many of our great statesmen and other learned men and our refined women have ever been steadfast supporter of the gentle amusement. Billiards is a mathematical game and affords scope and ex- ercise for those faculties which discipline and strengthen the mind. A steady hand, a clear head, quick perceptions, and a pleasant exercise of the calculating powers are requisites for an accomplished billiard-player, and the practical develop- ment of these qualities must naturally be productive of good. The kings of France have at all times been considered most powerful friends of the game. Mary Queen of Scots was a passionate patroness of the game, and on the evening preced- ing her execution wrote to the Archbishop of Glasgow that her '"'billiard-table had just been taken away from her, as a preliminary step to her punishment." The Empress Joseph- ine entertained so great an idea of the fascinations of the game, that during Napoleon's moody moments she would chal- lenge him to a bout at billiards, and he never appeared more happy than when engaged in the game. Emperors, kings, 8 A. COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF princes, and titled nobility are competitors at the refined pas« time, and the women as well participate in the exhilarating amusement. BILLIARDS IN THE FAMILY CIRCLE. There is no place where the delightful pastime of billiards affords so much pleasure and satisfaction as under the happy influence of home. To such an extent is this truth apparent that no residence of any pretension whatever is considered complete without its billiard-room and billiard-table. Years ago the homes of only the very wealthy contained those re- quisites to health and enjoyment, but with our modern prog- ress and the demands of advancing taste, these adjuncts of pleasure have found their way into the habitations of the comparatively poor and humble. Nor is this to be wondered at, because while the construction and equipment of the bil- liard-tables have undergone great revolutions and improve- ments, the cost has changed in the inverse ratio. Twenty years ago, a first-class billiard-table suitable for a dwelling could not be purchased for less than six hundred dollars, and from even this figure the price advanced with the degree of elaborateness with which it was gotten up. To-day a more modern and scientific instrument can be purchased for about half that amount, and its cost modified or increased in pro- portion to its embellishments, so that practically speaking the billiard-table has been "placed within the reach of all." Long evenings are especially adapted for the enjoyment of this desirable home pleasure, and we see it grow more and more popular with each coming season. From a scientific stand-point, there is no game suparior to that of billiards in the development of skill,* precision, calculation, and dexterity, while from a hygienic aspect no in-door amusement will at al] BILLIARDS AND TOOL. 9 compare with it. We have the best medical authorities to indorse our views on this latter point. Sir Astley Cooper, the celebrated English physician, has said : " We should all sleep more soundly if we made it a rule to play billiards an hour or two each evening before going to bed, and there is nothing that so endears the family circle as the recollections of amusements shared in common in games in which we all take part." Dr. M.-.rcy, the well-known American physician, says : " One of the pleasantest and easiest means of regaining and retaining health is to introduce into private houses a billiard- table, and to present it to the entire family — men, women, and children- *as a means of daily exercise and recreation. The most indolent and stupid will, by practice, soon acquire a fondness for the game ; and the improvement in the sanitary condition of those who habitually indulge in it will commend it in the strongest manner to the heads of families. We also advocate the game of billiards in families from a moral as well as a sanitary point of view. Young America is naturally ' frisky,' naturally enthusiastic, exuberant, and fond of ex- citement and fun. Confine him in the house without diver- sion or excitement, and he mopes, sulks, pines, and sooner or later breaks wholesome parental restraints, and instinctively seeks for amusements, excitements, and pleasures elsewhere — at the club, the play-house, the restaurant, and too often the gambling-room. These natural instincts for diversion may be directed in such a manner by parents as to be productive of positive physical, moral, and intellectual benefit, by investing home with a few of the attractions which beckon them else- where. Give them comfortable billiard-rooms and billiard- tables, so that body and mind can be amused and invigorated, and the attractions and pleasures of home will be superior to those beyond its boundaries." 10 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF SOUND REASONING. In the consolidation of the strongest and best two houses it) the billiard business in the world for the manufacture of billiard and pool tables the public is guaranteed the following advantages : 1. The benefits of all the valuable patents and improve- ments in use. 2. The saving effected in prices of material, which we buy in such quantities as to secure the best slate, lumber, ivory, cloth, etc., at lowest prices. 3. The advantages afforded by the use of the finest machin- ery in our several very extensive factories, a saving in cost, and the best possible results in finishing. 4. The choicest array of artistic designs. 5. Our incomparable quick cushions, combining <11 the requisite qualities of speed, accuracy, and durabilit}'. 6. Prompt, courteous, and careful attention. Our supply is always full, and there need be no delay in shipping. We make a specialty of fine billiard and pool tables for residences, and will furnish designs, diagrams, and all naces- v sary information, gratis, on application to any of our off? ^es. The Brunswick-Balke Collender Co. HOW TO BUY A BILLIARD TABLE. There are details in the construction of a billiard table which can only be observed by the closest scrutiny and the most careful investigation. Every intending purchaser of n table should intelligently convince himself on the following essential points .; BILLIARDS AND POOL. 11 1. Otuige the speed of the cushion, and mate sure that it fulfils modern requirements as regards speed, accuracy, etc. ; also see that the cushion is made of pure rubber, and not of a material cheapened by adulteration, and therefore less durable. 2. Examine the cloth at the time of purchasing, and see that you get genuine Simonis. If you are not a judge of cloth, all the more reason why you should buy only of reliable and trustworthy parties. 3. Do not be satisfied with hard ivory balls when you have to pay for soft Zanzibar ivory. 4. Demand a guarantee that the lumber of which the table is constructed is thoroughly seasoned. 5. In the matter of good varnishing and a durable finish you must rely upon the responsibility and experience of the manufacturer — that he uses the best varnish, and that it has proper time to dry, so that the finish will stand all the ex- tremes of dryness and dampness, heat and cold. Therefore you should examine the stock of tables on hand in the factory, in order to ascertain whether it is such as to warrant the be- lief that the tables are not rushed through. 6. For thorough workmanship you can only trust to the complete machinery in the factory, and to the experience of the manufacturer and the help employed. 7. When all these points have been carefully noted, the purchaser is in a position to judge for himself whether ha is getting the best goods to be had for the money. 12 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OS' OUTFITS. CARROM-TABLE. The outfit of a carrom billiard-table consists of cloth, one set (3) of ivory billiard-balls; one cue-rack; one dozen cues; one set of markers; bridge, mace,, brush, chalk, tips, and a handbook of rules of the different games. POOL TABLE. The outfit of a pocket or pool table consists of cloth ; one set (16) of composition pool-balls (size to be mentioned in contract); a pool ball-rack; triangle; bottle and small balls; one dozen cues; one cue-rack; bridge, mace, brush, chalk, tips, and a handbook of the rules of the different games. COMBINATION TABLE. The outfit of a combination table consists of cloth; one set (3) of ivory billiard-balls ; one cue-rack ; one dozen cues; one set of markers; bridge, mace, brush, chalk, tips, and a handbook of rules of the different games; one set carrom-plugs; one set composition pool-balls; one ball-rack; one bottle; one triangle; one set (16) small balls; one pin-pool board and one set of pool-pins. HOW TO SET UP A TABLE. All parts of the billiard-table should be properly num- bered, showing which parts come together. First place the legs in the proper position on the floor, and screw the sides and ends into them, as marked. See that the tenons of the rails are well down in the mor- tise; if not, knock them firmly in, taking care to put a piece .of wood on top of the rail to keep it from being bruised with BILLIARDS AND POOL. 13 the hammer. Next put in the stretcher-rails as marked. The frame must then be levelled by putting pieces of wood of the requisite thickness under the legs, until a spirit-level and a straight-edge, the whole length as well as across the table, will show a perfect level. Find the highest port and level the rest n i> to that. Now put on the slabs of slate, putting the slab marked "Head" on the corresponding part of the frame. The slabs must then be screwed down all round the edges first, and levelled again with a spiritdevel and straight edge. When this is done, the screws in the middle are to be in- serted, and screwed perfectly tight. After all the screws are in, and the bed satisfactory, fill up the screw holes and joints with plaster of Paris, mixed to the consistency of thick cream, and put on quickly, taking care to scrape the filling stuff per- fect!}' even with the bed. When thoroughly dry, the whole must be made smooth with sand-paper. Next put on the cloth, with grain running from the head of the table, and draw it as tight as possible, taking care that there are no wrinkles or creases. In putting on the cloth, t- 7 ck it for a few inches at one corner, then pull the cloth tightly to the corner at the other end of the table, same side, putting a few tacks in to hold it while the whole of that side •. is being tacked ; put the tacks about two and a half inches apart. When one side is done, do the same on the opposite' side, pulling the cloth evenly, and as tight as possible with- out tearing it ; next tack the end and head of the table in the same manner. No cloth should be placed between the green cloth and the bed of the table. Chalk-cups should be screwed on the rails before they are put on the table. Then put on the cushion-rails as numbered ; the numbers 14 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP to match will be found tinder the projecting edges of the bed. Before screwing the cushion-rails tight, put in the pockets, and screw the pocket-irons in their places. Then screw up *jhe rails as tight as possible, and tack the pockets and leathers in order. In a carrom-table the four corner cushion-bolts should be the first put in, and screwed up so as to bring the cushion-rails properly together. After this is done put in the other cushion-bolts. In placing the spots, a line is drawn down the centre of the table from the sight nails in the head and lower cushions ; two lines are then to be drawn from the centre-sights in the side cushions, and where these lines inter- sect, place the spots — the pool spot is placed about five inches from the lower cushion on the central line. Spots are made from court-plaster. Wet and hammer them on . lightly to make them stick. THE ROOM. An apartment to accommodate one table should be of the dimensions following, graduated by the size of the table, and affording space for the free exercise of the cue. "Where two or more tables are placed, four feet will be sufficient to allow between them. For tables 5 x 10, tlie room should be 15 x 20. " 4£ x 9, " " U£ x 181. " 4x8, " • " 14 x 17i. " Si x 7, " " 12 x 15. Architects, in their plans for modern mansions, should make suitable provision for this amusement, without which no gentleman's establishment (more especially if a couutry one) can now be considered perfect. Even if the builder of BILLIARDS AND POOL. 15 a uouse has no taste for the game himself, he should look be- forehand, and consider that such an accommodation might form an important item in the price which a succeeding ten- ant would be willing to pay for it. The light, if possible, should come from above, through ample skylights, so as to bring the table within a general focus, and thus prevent any shadow being thrown from the balls or cushions. The gas- light should be raised about three feet two inches from the bed of the table, and supplied with horizontal burners, as by such an arrangement no shadow is cast from the pipe. The distance of the light from the floor should be about 6 feet 1 inch. For a 5 x 10 table the cross-arms of the pendant should measure from light to light 28 inches, and the long arms 5G inches. For a 44 x 9 table, cross-arms 25 inches, and long arms 50 inches. For a 4 x 8 table, cross-arms 22 inches, and long arms 41 inches. A useful shade has been devised which throws a soft, even light on the table, and keeps the glare from the players' eyes. The floor, if carpeted at all, should be covered with some thick, or soft material. THE TABLE AND ITS ACCOMPANIMENTS. The standard size of the billiard-table used by the experts of this country for all match games is five feet in width by ten feet long ; but for private houses and public rooms the smaller table, four and one-half by nine feet, has become more popular, and the four feet by eight table is frequently used. The general appearance of a billiard-table is so well known to every one that a description would be out of place. The frame is generally made of mahogony, rosewood, walnut, maple, oak, or ash, and, upon special occasions, other woods are employed. The bed is generally of slate and made in 10 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF three or four slabs, each one inch in thickness ; over this bed is stretched fine green Simonis broadcloth ; the table being made perfectly level, this gives a smooth, even surface for the balls to roll upon. Around this bed and rising about two inches above it, are rails bearing the cushions, the top surface thirty- four inches from the floor. The edge of the cushion where the ball comes in contact with it is one inch and seven-six- teenths above the slate, and is or should be slightly pitched, to permit the cue to strike the ball at the proper point. This height is adapted to the regulation size billiard-ball ; for balls of smaller size the elevation of the cushions should be changed so that they come but one-fourth of an inch above the centre of the ball. The game of billiards is played in this country almost exclusively upon the carrom-table, which has the rails continuous about the sides and ends, while tables with six pockets — one at each corner and one at the centre of each side and with four pockets, one at each corner of the table are used for fifteen-ball pool. The cushion, upon which depends so much for the success of the stroke, should be made as nearly perfect as possible, combining qualities that will assure dura- bility and accuracy ; it should possess that nice degree of elasticity the exactness of which requires long experience to learn, that will insure a proper angle when the ball rebounds ; it must be unaffected alike by damp weather or dry, and not susceptible to the changes of temperature. Upon rainy and foggy days the cloth absorbs the moisture, offering greater resistance to the ball, making it necessary to use much more force of stroke than in clear weather to carry the ball the same distance. THE CUES, when not in use, should be kept in the cue-rack, at a distance from the fire or stove, and care should be taken to have BILLIARDS AND POOL. 17 tlit m placed in a perfectly perpendicular position, by winch means they will be prevented from warping or g Brooked. Tiny should be well sand-papered, occasionally, with line sand-paper. A billiard-room should never be with- out sand-paper; the leather particularly requires to be fre- quently sand-papered to keep it from projecting over the cue. This projection of the leather, which is caused by the expansion resulting from the contact with the ball, is the cause of that great annoyance to the billiard-room keeper — a torn cloth. The projecting leather being frequently the hard under part, if, by the slightest miscue, it comes in con- tact with the cloth, it either takes off a portion of the nap from the cloth, and makes a small cut, or causes that trian- gular rent so frequently seen in the billiard-cloth. The player is frequently blamed for thus injuring the cloth, but the really guilty party is the owner of the cues, who neglects to keep them in good order. The leather should be even with the cue and slightly rounded on the top. SELECTION OF A CUE. Select a cue in harmony with the physical powers, and be- come accustomed as much as possible to play with cues of similar weight. From fifteen to nineteen ounces are fair weights, according to the balls now used in play. A cue, if too heavy, will paralyze the nerves of the arm and render them wiable to estimate correctly the amount of force em- ployed ; if too light, on the other hand, it will call for an amount of force so great as to be incompatible with a steady and deliberate aim. Without some sensation communicated to the -hand through the cue, when it contacts with the ball, it would be impossible for experts to accomplish the great runs so often made. The heavier the cue the less is the influence of the stroke on 18 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP the ball felt, and it is carried beyond or falls short of the point desired. The delicate touch for nursing should be as apparent as the stronger stroke. Finally, let the cue be straight, for any crookedness in this instrument distracts the eye, and may seriously interfere with the manual correctness. THE BEST CUE-LEATHERS. Only the very best cue-tips should be used, and no time should be wasted with the cheaper grades. The labor spent and the time lost through the use of inferior tips makes them more expensive in the end than the higher priced article, and the latter will long outlast the cheaper grades. HOW TO PUT LEATHER ON A CUE. Select a tip from a box of good leathers which is a shade larger than the point of the cue ; next, place it on some solid flat surface, and give it a sharp blow with a hammer. This gives solidity to the leather, and in a great measure prevents the expansion of the leather after it is on the cue. After it has been hammered, rub the under or flat part with a file or on a piece of sand-paper, to roughen the leather, that it may the more readily and the more fixedly adhere when the adhe- sive matter is applied ; now take the cue, and with a file or fine rasp make the point even and true, taking off the old glue or particles of leather, if any are attached. A little good glue applied hot will be sufficient to make the leather adhere^ but cue- wax of a good description will be found more con- venient. The proper way to use cue-wax is to take a cup of hot water and dip the cue-wax in it until sufficiently dissolved to put on the point of the cue and on the leather. By rub- bing and pressing them together for a few minutes a good degree of adhesion will be produced, then attach the cue- BILLIARDS AND POOL. 19 clamp, or if without this useful instrument, set the cue up perpendicularly on its end, with the leathered end resting on the floor, that the adhesive matter may receive the weight of the cue. "When the wax has hardened thoroughly, the cue and leather can be sand-papered until they are made even. In cases where the leather is wider than the point of the cue, the latter can be reversed, the end bearing the leather placed 0:1 a piece of wood, the leather trimmed with a sharp knife nearly even with the wood, and then finished with sand-paper in the usual way. The cue-clamp is of very valuable assistance to proper cue- leathering, and no billiard-room should be without it. For convenience, serviceableness, economy, and readiness of application we manufacture Self-adhesive Cue-leatheks, which have met with great favor. They are manufactured of the very best materials, can be attached to the cue with in- credible dispatch, and will adhere with the utmost tenacity, and are equally desirable for public or private billiard estab- lishments. CHALK. Only the very best imported chalk should be used on cue- leathers. There has been in the market for the past few years niany inferior grades of so-called French and German chalk. Competition seems to have forced the very worst grades of this article upon the market, and customers should be ex- ceedingly particular to purchase this article from a recognized first-class house, for then only are they insured against impo- sition as regards its quality. THE CUSHIONS. To execute the refined and artistic game of billiards suc- cessfully it is imperatively requisite that a perfect billiard- 20 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF cushion should he used. A perfect cushion is one which per- mits the bull to return from its resilient side with an ac- curacy which shall exemplify the axiom that the angle of incidence and reflection are equal. The principle on which billiard-cushions are constructed to-day admits of great speed with correctness of angles, and these requisites the great experts of the world say are only to be found in the celebrated "Monarch Cushions." To verify this strong assertion it is only necessary to call attention to the fact that these ex- perts invariably select the Monarch Cushions for all their great trials of skill, those which have occurred for years, both in this country, in France, in Belgium, and in other cities in Europe. These cushions have received the award of first medals of honor in all the great expositions which have been held from time to time in this and other countries, lithograph specimens of which may be found at the end of this publica- tion. Vs a casual introduction into the history of the origin and perfection of the billiard-cushion should be of interest to the patrons of the game, we will give a short sketch of billiard- cushions from the original article, the "rag bag" and the bag of curled hair, to the perfected "Monarch" of to-day. Previous to 1850 the cushions in general use were made of rags or layers of list or cloth which presented a rounded sur- face for the ball to strike against and then rebound with a jump. In England raw gum cushions had been introduced as long ago as 1835 and later they found their way into this country, but they met with so little favor that they were soon abandoned. A so-called inventor of the raw gum cushion also patented in this country an air-pipe cushion of thin vulcanized rubber which had to be filled or pumped full of air, similar to the old-fashioned rubber life preservers, but because of the great. height of these cushions, the ball being well hid when if, touched or lay under the cushion, they also became unpopular. BILLIARDS AND TOOL. 21 Various attempts were made with rubber and cloth by several in- dividuals to invent an acceptable billiard-cushion, butallthe.se attempts invariably met with failure. The first solid rubber cushion was produced in 1850, in the shape of a si rip ©f vul- canized rubber which was nailed to the cushion-rail, it being believed at that time that rubber could not be glued to wood 30 as to remain tixed. These rubber strips were bevelled .,itl). a knife and then rasped down to a true face. An im- provement was made upon this method of cutting the rub through bevelling a piece of wood and securing it to the rub- ber strip, then by holding the knife against the bevel the krnfe would cut through the rubber ; then by another cut ot the same rubber through, using the same wooden bevel, a diamond-shaped strip would be produced with face and back bevelled alike, and this was the origin of the diamond-shaped rubber cushion of to-day. In 1855 Michael Phelan returned from a residence of about a year in California and brought with him ideas for the con- struction of a combination cushion of rubber, leather, and cork, the cork being first used on the face of the rubber to prevent the ball from sinking into the rubber, thus forming a shoulder to resist the ball, which caused an acute angle in the rebound of the ball. It was found that the cork, when used with the rubber alone, would crumble through the con- stant pounding of the balls against the cushions, and then a j piece of leather was laid over the cork to hold this cork sub- [ stance in position, and the great Phelan and Seereiter match of 1859 was played upon a table fitted with these cushions. Steel-faced, whalebone-faced, corded-edged, and canvas, faced cushions were also invented about this time by various manufacturers, but they in turn also became unpopular and were abandoned. Finally hard rubber was introduced to the face of the elastic vulcanized rubber cushions, and 22 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP these, with various improvements, were in use for some years until they, having served their usefulness, have been laid aside for the now celebrated " Monarch Cushions," and these latter cushions, having superseded all others, are now in genera) use all over the world. The principle of construction of the perfect "Monarch Cushion " admits of great speed with correctness of angle. The face of the cushion is comparatively solid, which prevents the ball from imbedding itself into the rubber, the elasticity being at the back, yet both face and back are in fact one substance. Its durability and accuracy are not affected by climate or weather, hence it may be, and is, sent to all parts of the world where the game of billiards is known. The chief billiard ex- perts and professors of both hemispheres and the premier amateur players of the world have pronounced the "Monarch Cushions " to be the best and most accurate cushions in use, and in this endorsement alone there is strong evidence of their great merit. The Monarch Cushions are the sole prop* erty of the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. IMPORTANT TO BOOM-KEEPERS. Owing to the fact that room-keepers are not generally aware of the peculiar sensitiveness of ivory, rendering it sus- ceptible to material damage from atmospheric influences, coupled with the fact that oftentimes they cannot account for the condition of the cloth on their tables, the Brunswick- Balke-Collender Co. deem it wise to give their patrons the benefit of their long experience through an article of general information as to the care of ivory balls, billiard- tables, etc., with a view to assisting materially in a better preservation of tables in a first-class condition than has hitherto been the case BILLIARDS AND POOL. 2b in most of the private, public, and club billiard-rooms through- out the country. It is therefore important that every room- keeper, and all others who are interested in the care of one or more billiard-tables, should carefully peruse the following article that they may commit to memory its valuable suggest tions and be governed accordingly. HINTS ON THE CAEE OF BILLIARD-TABLES, ETC. THE CLOTH. Lovers of billiards who have had any considerable experi- ence on the " field of the cloth of green"' know that, even with cues and balls of the best, a good cloth is something most es- pecially to be desired when playing billiards for the sake of billiards, and not merely to pass away time. The cloth which has been tested during a period of forty 3 T ears and not found wanting ; whose uniformity of texture and finish, permanency of color, firmness and durability are unequalled and not to be approached — the cloth par excellence, whose every quality warrants its justly deserved reputation —is that manufactured by Iivan Simonis, of Verviers, Bel- gium ; and this statement cannot be refuted. Would-be rivals, however, of Iwan Simonis, on the continent of Europe and in England, are imitating his celebrated billiard- cloth as closely as lies in their power to do, succeeding no bet- ter than the majority of imitators — failing at all essential points. These productions are imported by dealers in this coun- try with intent to deceive buyers ; and they too often suc- ceed in imposing upon their patrons, who, paying for the best cloth made, learn too late that they have been furnished with an inferior article, under the guise of " Best French Cloth," "Our Own French Importation," etc. - 24 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF To meet the demand for something less costly than his ex« tra superfine cloth, but still a satisfactory article, Iwan Simonis manufactures a No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 cloth, the No. 2 of which will compare favorably with the best production of any other maker, and lacks only that degree of exquisite finish which distinguishes the extra superfine or No. 1 cloth. The No. 3 and 4 lacks this finish, and, in a slight degree only, the weight of the other two cloths, but are superior to any other fabric of that kind offered at the same price. In order to protect himself and patrons against renewed future attempts by would-be rivals, whose productions have heretofore been too successfully palmed upon confiding pur- chasers by unconscionable dealers, Iwan Simonis has recently adopted a device which he hopes will prove a safeguard in the future against the substitution of all fraudulent wares as his own ; and this device will explain. On the reverse side of the cloth, immediately contiguous to the selvedge on either side, the name of Iwan Simonis, togeth- er with the figure designating the quality of the cloth, will appear in every alternate section of two feet, the correspond- ing section at the opposite selvedge showing a blank, as shown in the following diagram : Selvedge. Iwan Simonis No. 3. Iwavi Simonis No. 2. Selvedge. Iwan Simonio It will thus be seen that every two feet of the fabric — no less is ever cut — will carry the imprint of the manufacturer ; rendering farther deception dangerous, as manufacturers and dealers will hardly venture upon stamping their goods with the name of Iwan Simonis ! The Brunswick-Balke-Gollender Co. deal solely and exclu- BILLIARDS AND POOL. 25 sively in Iwan Simonis' billiard cloths, handling no other ; and offer it to their patrons, knowing that it is incomparable in every particular. With facilities for the production of goods in their line far surpassing those of any other house, combined with an expe- rience of over thirty-five 3'ears in the business, they feel con- fident that they can offer the most reliable goods afforded in this or any other market. In ordering cloth send exact measurement of the table from where the cloth joins the wood on top of the cushions. This is essential, as there are many different sizes, and the size of the bed of a table does not correspond with its nominal meas ure in en t. State whether you want the cloth for bed or for cushions oi table, or both. Never permit the use of a cue with the point splintered so as to cause the wood to project beyond the leather. Cues im- perfectly tipped or split at the end are apt to cut very small pieces of the nap out of the cloth, making it appear as if cut with a knife-point or, as some charge, the cloth is full of moth-eaten holes, when, as a matter of fact, moths never eat green billiard-cloth. Many room-keepers complain to us con- cerning the cloth furnished them, believing that the cloth was defective when put on the table, whereas the defect is ii - variably due to the improper condition of the cues, to pre- vent which these suggestions are offered. NEEDLES. Even with the very best of care, cloth will frequently be- come torn or small cuts made in it. To meet such contin- gencies we carry in stock bent needles which with the green sewing silk which we also carry in stock, enables anyone to easily repair the cloth without removing it frork the table. 26 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF BALLS. Owing to the exti'eme sensitiveness of ivory balls to atmos- pheric influences, they should never be purchased during the fall or winter seasons, if it can be avoided. If purchased, however, extreme care should be used in putting the balls in use. They should not be used immediately upon receipt. Dur- ing the fall and winter seasons, and particularly in extremely cold weather, the balls should be kept in the room in which they are to be used for at least one week, in order that they may become adapted to the temperature of the room. If at once put in use they will almost invariably crack or split. It must, however, be distinctly borne in mind, that although keeping the balls in the room for at least one week before using will greatly lessen the risk attending their use, it will by no means insure them against cracking and breaking. We import only the finest, soft, Zanzibar elephant tusk ivory, whicn is thoroughly seasoned in our shops before being sent out, but in cold weather ivory will split and break if used immediately after being received, no matter how thoroughly seasoned it may be. We study the interests of our customers, when we advise them to purchase their stock of ivory balls during the summer season, as the risk attending their ship- ment and subsequent use is then greatly lessened. In easea where our customers insist upon the shipment of balls in the dead of winter, they must assume all the responsibility and risk of damage incident to shipment and the subsequent use ot the balls. Every set of balls is turned from the very best mate- rial and leaves our hands in perfect condition, but on account of the peculiar sensitiveness of ivory, as above described, we cannot under any circumstances guarantee the balls against breaking or splitting at any season op the year. From the fore- going it will be perceived that the Greatest care must be ex* BILLIARDS AXD POOL. 2? ercised, particularly in cold weather, when no draughts of cold air should be permitted to come in contact with the balls. Removal of ivory balls from one room to another of a different temperature should be carefully avoided ; also sudden change of temperature, whether from warm to cold, or vice versa, as they will invariably injure, and frequently crack the balls. Many people imagine that the use of oil on balls is a practice to be cultivated, but the contrary is probably true, for, although it may not be possible to prove that the use of oil injures the balls, it is an absolute fact that, except in few instances, it in no wise benefits them. All that the balls re- quire is to be wiped off with a damp cloth after each game, and subsequently polished with a piece of soft woollen cloth or fine chamois skin. KEEP THE CUSHION- BOLTS TIGHT. We frequently hear complaints about cushions being " dead," and not as good as they were, etc. Upon examination we find that the cushions are quite as active as when first used, the fault being with the party in charge of the table. Neglecting to keep the cushion-bolts screwed up tight, and allowing both bed and cushion cloth to become foul with dirt and dust, tends to kill the action and elasticity of the cushions. The cush- ion-screws should be tightened up at least once a month. The greatest care should be taken to keep the billiard-cloth cov- ered and brushed as often as possible. Then, again, when the balls are not true they will not run as smoothly as an accurately turned ball. Balls should never be used after they become untrue or out of round, but should be prompt- ly sent to the factory for re-turning and re-coloring. After being turned several times billiard-balls become too small for the height of the cushions, and should be replaced by new ones of standard size (2f inches). The edge of the 2S A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF rubber cushions should always come in contact with the balls just above their centre; if it vary from this the proper angle in playing billiards will of course be altered and the balls will consequently not rebound from the cushions correctly. STOCK LIST. Altering Carrom to Pool Tables. Automatic Time Stamps. Balk Line Markers. Ball Racks. Baskets. Billiard Balls, Composition. Billiard Balls, Ivory. Billiard Ball Boxes. Billiard Chalk. Billiard Cues. Billiard Cushion. * Billiard Markers. Billiard Lamps. Billiard Marker Sundries. Billiard Table Cloth. Billiard Room Chairs. Bolts for Cushion Rails. Bolts for Billiard Tables. Bridge Hooks. Bridges. Brushes. Carpet Mats. Carrom Plugs. Cement for Tipping Cues. .Chairs. Chalk. Chalk Cups. Chalk Holders. Chamois Skins. Checks. Cloths. Coloring Billiard and Pool Bails. Coloring and Turning Balls. Composition Billiard and Pool Balls. Convertible Cushion Rails. Court Plaster. Covering Pocket Irons. Covers for Tables. Cues. Cue Attachment. Cue Bags. Cue Cases. Cue Clamps. Cue Cutters. Cue Joints. Cue Points. Cue Racks. Cue Repair Work. Cue Shafts. Cue Tips. Cushions. Cushion Bolt Caps. Cushion Rails. Cushion Rail Bolts. Cutting Down Tables. Fancy Cues. Files. Flat Irons. Frame Bolts. Fringe for Pockets. Ivory Billiard Balls. Ivory Cue Joints. •Ivory Cue Points. Ivory Pool Balls. Ivory Sights. Lamps. Lamp Bowls. Leather Pocket Nets. Leather Pocket Nets. Legs for Tables. Leg Bolts. Maces. Markers. Marker Stands. Modern Billiards, a Guide to Billiards. Monarch Cushions. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 29 Name Plates for Cues. Needles. Noise Subduers. Oil Cloth Mats. Patent Tool Trough Attach- ment. Pin Pool Sets. Pocket Irons. Pocket Nettings. Pocket Slops. Polishing Oil. Pool Balls, Composition. Pool Balls, Ivory. Pool Baskets. Pool Boards'. Pool Bottles. Pool Checks. Pool Pins. Private Backs. Rail Markers. Re-Covering Cushions. Reducing Tables. Red Leathers. Re- Varnishing Tables. Rubber Covers. Sand Paper. Saw Stretchers. Shake Bottles. Shake Balls. Splicing Cues. Spot Wafers. Table Alterations. Table Fittings. Tacks. Thread for Repairing Cloth. Time and Price Register. Tip Files. Tip Trimmers. Triangles. Turning and Coloring Balls. Whisk Brooms. Wrapped Cue Butts. Wrenches. We will at all times cheerfully furnish, on application to any of our offices by mail or otherwise, full information regarding our stock list, etc., and we will mail or send our catalogue and price list, or anything else which may be desired by customers for their information. The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. REVISED BOOK OF RULES, FOUL STEOKES DEFINED. Certain general rules defining foul strokes govern all games of billiards. It is a foul, and no count can be made : 1. If a stroke is made except with the point of the cue. 2. If the cue is not withdrawn from the cue ball before the latter comes in contact with an object ball. (This relates to what is known as the "push shot.") Playing from Inside the String. 3. If, when in hand, the striker plays at a ball that is inside or on the string line; or if, when in hand, he plays from any position not within the six inch radius. No claim of foul, in either of these cases, can be made after the stroke. If the non-striker fails to warn the striker beforehand, the referee shall assume that the stroke was fair; and if the striker, having been warned, refuses to alter his play, unless he has meanwhile obtained from the referee a decision as to whether the ball was in or out, the referee shall assume that a foul was contemplated and perpetrated. A ball is outside the string when the point of contact with the table is outside the string line. One Foot on the Floor. 4. If, in the act of striking, the striker has not at least one foot touching the floor. 5. If the striker touches a ball while in motion ; except in case of a ball which has come to a rest but which, without the fault of the striker, moves before he can check his stroke. In this case, the ball so moving, and all other balls affected by the stroke, shall be replaced, and the player shall repeat his shot. Playing with the Wrong Ball. 6. If the striker plays with the wrong ball; except that should the foul be not claimed until he has made a second stroke, both strokes are valid, and he may continue with the wrong ball, or have the positions of the two whites reversed^ HAND-BOOK OF BILLIARDS AND POOL. 31 as he may choose. The incoming striker in case the balls have not been reversed, shall have the same option, but until the balls are changed he must play with his opponent's ball ; should he play with his own ball, without changing its po- sition, it is. foul. A player who has just used the wrong ball without detection is debarred from claiming foul if his oppo nent should in his turn play with the other white ball. Should both white balls be forced off the table, and the wrong ball is used in the next stroke, it is fair. A clean miss while using the wrong ball involves the same penalty as when the rght ball is used. Touching Either a Cue Ball or an Object Ball. 7. If the player touch the cue ball more than once, or hinder or accelerate it in any other way than by a legitimate stroke of the cue; if he touch, hinder or accelerate an object ball except by the one stroke of the cue ball to which he is entitled. Incase of a counting stroke, the foul, as above described, nullifies the count; and the incoming striker has the option to play on the balls as he finds them, or to have them replaced in position by the referee. The cue ball touched before all the balls are at rest, after a carrom, nullifies that stroke ; touched prematurely, or except with the point of the cue, after all the balls are at rest, affects the next stroke, and no count can be made. Playing for Safety Debarred. 8. Touching any ball in any way is a stroke, and a second touch is foul. In such case there shall be no playing for safety. Should a player touch a ball before he is ready to strike, and afterward touch his own or any other ball, his opponent has the option of playing on the balls as he finds them, or of having them replaced. Balls Illegally Disturbed. 9. If any ball be disturbed, hastened or hindered by anyone but himself or his representative, whether the balls are at rest while he js aiming or striking, in motion after he has struck, or at rest alter he has struck, and pending his agaia taking 32 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP aim, the striker shall have the option to play on the balls as he finds them, or to have them replaced. Should the disturbed ball be one on which he would seemingly have effected a count but for the interference, he shall have the option of repeating the stroke on balls replaced, or of being credited withacarrom and allowed to play either as he finds the balls or in the position they would have occupied, according to the judgment of the referee, had they not been disturbed. As to "Frozen" Balls. 10. It is foul if the striker plays directly upon any ball with which his own is in fixed contact. In case of such contact the striker shall have the option of playing directly upon the ball with which his own is not in contact ; or he may, by a masse stroke, play away from the balls, and on the return of the cue ball effect a valid count, provided that in so doing the cue ball first hits the ball with which it was not previously in contact ; or he may play to a cushion, and on the return of the cue ball may first hit either of the object balls ; or he may have the balls spotted and play from the string, as in the opening stroke of the game. In the various cushion carrom games the option is to play to a cushion or spot the balls. Things Forbidden. 11. It is foul to place marks of any kind upon cloth or cushions as a guide to play ; to practice the string shot for lead, as the balls, up to the moment of banking, shall not be hit by either player, and after banking shall not again be hit until the opening stroke is made. It is foul if the striker, in making a shot, is assisted in any way by any other person, except that the marker or referee may, at his request, hand him the bridge or the long cue, or move or hold aside the gas fixture. 12. It is a foul, and the striker cannot count on the ensuing shot, if a ball in play is lifted from the table, except in those cases in which it is provided that, because of foul or irregular strokes, the balls shall be transposed or replaced. In case a fly, or bit of chalk, or any other substance is attached to a ball, BILLIARDS AND POOL. 33 It may be removed, on request, by the referee or marker; but if it is at the base of the ball, or ou the cloth where it cannot be seen, the referee must assume that it is not there, and the striker must play on and uncover the obstruction so that it may be gotten at without lifting the ball. Limit to Deliberate Safety Play. 13. T arsistent playing for safety is not permitted. It is optional with the non-striker, should his opponent make a miss in each one of three successive innings, to accept the third miss, or to reject it and require his opponent to hit at least one object ball ; and for this purpose the cue ball shall be replaced by the referee. Should two balls be hit by this stroke there shall be no count. 14. Should a foul not be claimed until after the striker has made a second stroke, both strokes are valid ; neither can a claim of "no count" be enforced after a second stroke has been made. THREE-BALL CARROM GAME. Rule 1. The Three-Ball Carrom Game is played with two white balls and one red ball. Stringing for Lead. 2. The lead and choice of balls are determined by stringing or banking; and the player whose ball stops nearest the cushion at the head of the table has the choice of the two white balls, and has ihe option of leading or requiring his opponent to lead. Should tne two white balls come in contact when stringing for lead, the player whose ball is clearly out of its true course, or whose ball strikes the red ball when on its proper spot, forfeits the lead. When the contact of the balls is equally the fault of both players, or when the balls come to rest at an equal distance from the head cushion, the players shali string again. 34. A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF In the opening shot, or whenever the balls are spotted after a "freeze,'' the striker is in hand. The Opening Shot. 3. The red ball is placed on the spot at the foot of the table, and the white ball of the player not in hand, as already de- termined by the bank, is placed on the spot at the head of the table. The player leading must place his ball inside the string and within six inches to the right or left of the other white ball ; and must strike the red ball first in order to effect a count. On any other than the opening shut, and excepting when the balls are for any reason spotted, the striker may play upon either ball. 4. A carrom counts one, and consists in hitting both object balls with the cue ball. Failure to hit either of the object balls constitutes a miss, and counts one for the opposing player. In a "discount" game a point so forfeited shall not be deducted from the score of the player giving odds. Balls Jumped Off the Table. 5. When a player's ball jumps from the table after count- ing, the stroke counts, the ball is placed on its proper spot, and the striker plays from the spot upon either object ball. The cue ball, when forced off the table by either a counting, or non-counting, stroke, is to be placed on the string spot if vacant ; if the string spot is occupied the ball is placed on the red spot, and if both the other spots are occupied the ball is placed on the centre spot. The non-striker's ball, when forced off, belongs on the string spot, or, if this is occupied, on the red ball spot, or, if both these spots are occupied, on the centre spot. When forced off the table, the red ball, if its own spot be occupied, goes first to the white spot, or, if that spot be occupied, to. the centre spot. » Should both white balls be forced off by i non-eountinc* stroke, the ball of the incoming striker shall go on the whiv^ BILLIARDS AND POOL. 35 spot, and the other white ball on the red spot, or, if that is occupied, on the centre spot; and the incoming striker may play upon any ball. In such case, should a player pick up and play with the wrong ball, the stroke is valid and he counts whatever is made ; but at the conclusion of the run the white balls should be reversed in position. Strokes on Which No Count Can Be Made. 6. If in the act of playing the player disturbs any ball other than his own, he cannot make a counting stroke, and cannot play for safety. Should he disturb a ball after having played a counting stroke, the count is void, his hand is out and the bail so disturbed is replaced. Should he touch his own ball previous to playing it is foul, his opponent scores one as for a miss, and the player cannot play for safety. 7. If the balls are disturbed by any agency other than the player himself, they must be replaced and the player allowed to proceed. 8. If, after having touched his ball, the striker commits a foul by giving a second touch, the balls remain where they stop, or are replaced in their previous positions as nearly as possi- ble, at the option of his opponent. 9. When the cue ball is in contact with another ("frozen" is the common term) the player may exercise either of the options specified in rule 10, Foul Strokes Defined. 10. When the cue ball is very near another, the player shall warn his opponent that they do not touch, and give him time to satisfy himself on that point. The "Crotch" Barred. 11. The object balls shall be considered crotched whenever the centres of both lie within a ±% inch square at either corner of the table, and when so crotched, but three counts are allowed unless one or both object balls be forced out of the crotch. In case of failure the player's hand is out and his opponent plays with the balls as he finds them. 36 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF Duties of the Eeferee. 12. The referee has no voice except when appealed to by the players, who are the only persons authorized to appeal to him. 13. It is the duty of the referee to see that the points made by each contestant are properly scored. In order that this duty may be performed play must be suspended until points due have been marked up. 14. It is essential that the referee be at all times in a posi- tion to see and decide all disputed points, and for this purpose he should be close to the balls when every shot is played. FOUKTEEN-INCH BALK-LINE GAME. The balk lines are drawn, on a 5x10 table, from each of the first diamond sights on the end and side rails to the corres- ponding diamond sight on the opposite end or side rail. In the following diagram, the bed of the table shows .the balk- lines drawn at 14 inches from the cushions. In the 18-inch balk-line game the lines are drawn 18 inches from the cushions. In other respects the table is the same as that used in the three-ball game, with spots at either end for the red and white balls, and a centre spot for use when the other spots ar- BTLLTARDS AND POOL. .S'J occupied. The eight spaces defined by lines at the sides and ends of the table are the balk spaces. The large central space is not a balk, and there is no restriction as to the number of carroms that may be made therein. In general, the rules of the Three Ball Carrom game govern the Fourteen inch Balk-line game. The special rules govern- ing the latter are as follows : Special Balk-Line Boxes. 1. The object balls are in balk whenever both have stopped within any one of the balk spaces. In such case the marker shall call "in," and when one or both object balls shall be driven out of a balk space, the marker shall call "out." 2. A ball on the line is a ball in balk. A ball is on the line only when its centre or point of contact with the table touches this line. 3. When two object balls are on the same line, the striker shall have the option to determine in which balk they are to be called, and must then govern his play accordingly. Playing In and Out of Balk. 4. But two shots are allowed when two object balls are within the same balk space ; and unless on the second shot at least one of the object balls is driven out of balk, this shot is void, the player's hand is out, and the incoming striker plays! upon the balls as he finds them. If, on the second shot, the ball driven out returns to the same balk space, the rule applies as though it were in balk for the first time, and the player may continue in this way, sending a ball out and back, with- out further restriction under this rule. Option as to "Frozen" balls. 5. When the cue ball is in contact with an object ball I "frozen") the striker may exercise either of the options spec- ified in rule 10, Foul Strokes Defined. 38 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP Bylls "In Anchor." 6. The object balls shall be considered as "In anchor ' when the centres of both balls lie within a space S}4 inches in width and 7 in. in length, defined on one side by the cushion and on the other three sides by lines marked with chalk, and of which space the balk line, wherever it intersects a cushion, shall be the centre from left to right. When the balls are so "anchored" the striker may have two consecutive shots, but should he fail, on the second shot, co force one or more of the object balls outside the "anchor" space, the second shot is void, and the incoming striker plays on the balls as he finds them. A ball driven out of and returning inside an "anchor'' space is considered the same as "in" for the first time. WOELD'S CHAMPIONSHIP EMBLEM OF THE 18-INCH BALK-LINE GAME OF BILLIABDS. One Shot Allowed in Balk ok at the Anchor. Bules Governing Contests. 1. Contests for the Emblem shall, in addition to the Em- blem, involve a money stake amounting to $500 a side. This amount is necessary in order that the holder of the Emblem may not be challenged by unskillful players, whose only ob- ject in challenging would be to gain notoriety. 2. The sum of $250 must accompany all challenges to give them validity. 3. The holder of the Emblem must cover his challenger's money within ten days after being notified that he has been challenged. Failure to do so, without sufficient cause there- for, will entitle the challenger to the Emblem and money. The holder of the Emblem shall not, however, be required to cover the money of more than one challenger at a time. 4. "When $250 have been put up on each side, the $500 as well as the Emblem becomes subject to forfeiture. The re- RILLIARDS AND POOL. 39 maining $250 must be put up at least ten days prior to tin' date of contest, and after such final deposit the match shall be "play or pay," i.e., death alone relieving the players from their contract. 5 The holder of the Emblem may be required to play at the expiration of sixty days from the time of being challeng- ed, but not before. Should either party refuse to play within the specified time, he shall forfeit his claim to Emblem and stakes. Should both parties conspire to defeat this or any other rule relative to the Balk-line Emblem, the match shall be declared off, and the stake money returned. The Emblem will revert to the original donor. 6. To define the above rule a challenge issued while a match for the emblem is pending, and being next in order, shall go into effect on the next day after that match has been disposed of, either through play or forfeiture. A challenge issued while there is no match pending shall take effect on the day of its date, provided it is not in any way subiect to the rule next below. 7. The challenge of a player who has been defeated while contending for the Emblem shall not go into effect until fifteen days after the contest in which he was defeated. 8. There shall be no umpires and no one will be allowed on the platform after the game is called, except the contending players, the referee and the marker. Should there be no platform erected in the hall to set the billiard table on, and for the players to walk on, then no person except the above mentioned shall be allowed within ten feet of the table. 9. The referee and marker to be mutually agreed upon by the players. In case of failure on their part to agree before half past seven o'clock of the evening of the match, then the donor of the Emblem shall name the referee and marker. 10. All games to be 500 points up. 11. The holder of the Emblem will be required to defend it for two years against all comers. During this probation he must deposit with its doners, The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., the sum of five hundred dollars ($500) to insure its preser- vation in good order, and its delivery to the doners before 12 40 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF o'clock, noon, of the elate named for any contest in which it may devolve upon him to defend it. Failure to do so (without good and sufficient cause) will entitle the challenger, to the Emblem and the stake money, and the donor of the Emblem to the amount deposited as a guarantee for its safe-keeping and delivery, as hereinbefore provided for. . 12. The Emblem becomes the property of any player who wins it from the champion and successfully defends it against all contestants for a period of two years. 13. In all matches for the Emblem, the stakeholders shall be the donors of the Emblem, The Brunswiek-Balke-Collen- der Co., and all challenges to the Champion must be addressed through them, in order that each challenge may be officially recorded, and the champion officially notified. 14. All matches for the Emblem shall be played with 2% inch balls, upon a 5x10 table, manufactured by The Brunswick - Balke-Collender Co., and furnished with their "Monarch" cushions. 15. The city in which contests shall take place must be lo- cated in the country of which either party is a resident. In case of a disagreement between the parties as to the selection of a hall or room in which the contest shall take place the donor of the Emblem shall have the final decision. PLAYING BULES. The playing rules of the Fourteen-inch Balk-Line game govern the Eighteen-inch Balk-Line game with the following exceptions : \ 1. The lines are placed 18 inches from the cushions. 2. But one shot is allowed in balk and one shot in "anchor." Failure to drive at least one of the object balls out of balk or "anchor" invalidates the stroke, no count can be scored, the striker's hand is out, and the incoming striker plays on the balls as he finds them. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 41 Id INCH BALK LINE P*^S?Wpapif#^ WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP EMBLEM OF THE 18-INCH BALK-LINE GAME OF BILLIARDS. Two Shots in. Rules Governing Contests. 1. Contests for the Emblem shall, in addition to the Em- blem, involve a money stake amounting to $500 a side. This amount is necessary in order that the holder of the Emblem may not be challenged by unskillful players, whose only ob- ject in challenging would be to gain notoriety. 2. The sum of $250 must accompany all challenges to give them validity. 3. The holder of the Emblem must cover his challenger's money within ten days after being notified that he has been challenged. Failure to do so, without sufficient cause there- for, will entitle the challenger to the Emblem and money. The holder of the Emblem shall not, however, be required to cover the money of more than one challenger at a time. 4. When $250 have been put up on each side, the $500 as well as the Emblem becomes subject to forfeiture. The re- maining $250 must be put up at least ten days prior to the date of contest? and after such final deposit the match shall 42 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF be "play or pay," i.e., death alone relieving the players from their contract. 5 The holder of the Emblem may be required to play at the expiration of sixty days from the time of being challeng- ed, but not before. Should either party refuse to play within the specified time, he shall forfeit his claim to Emblem and stakes. Should both parties conspire to defeat this or any other rule relative to the Balk-line Emblem, the match shall be declared off, and the stake money returned. The Emblem will revert to the original donor. 6. To define the above rule 5, a challenge issued while a match for the emblem is pending, and being next in order, shall go into effect on the next day after that match has been disposed of, either through play or forfeiture! A challenge issued while there is no match pending shall take effect on the day of its date, provided it is not in any way subject to the rule next below. 7. The challenge of a player who has been defeated while contending for the Emblem shall not go into effect until fifteen days after the contest in which he was defeated. 8. There shall be no umpires and no one will be allowed on the platform after the game is called, except the contending players, the referee and the marker. Should there be no platform erected in the hall to set the billiard table on, and for the players to walk on, then no person except the above mentioned shall be allowed within ten feet of the table. 9. The referee and marker to be mutually agreed upon by the players. In case of failure on their part to agree before half past seven o'clock of the evening of the match, then the donor of the Emblem shall name the referee and marker. 10. All games to be 500 points up. 11. The holder of the Emblem will be required to defend it for two years against all comers. During this probation he must deposit with its doners, The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co., the sum of five hundred dollars ($500) to insure.its preser- vation in good order, and its delivery to the doners before 12 o'clock, noon, of the date named for any contest in which it may devolve upon him to defend it. Failure to do so (without ' _^_^^^^H BILLIARDS AND POOL. 43 good and sufficient cause) will entitle the challenger to the Emblem and the stake money, and the donor of the Emblem t<> the amount deposited as a guarantee for its safe-keeping and delivery, as hereinbefore provided for. 12. The Emblem becomes the property of any player who wins it from the champion and successfully defends it against all contestants for a period of two years. 13. In all matches for the Emblem, the stakeholders shall be the donors of the Emblem, The Brunswiek-Balke-Collen- der Co., and all challenges to the Champion must be addressed through them, in order that each challenge may be officially recorded, and the champion officially notified. 1-4. All matches for the Emblem shall be played with 2% inch balls, upon a 5x10 table, manufactured by The Brunswick- Balke-Collender Co., and furnished with their "Monarch" cushions. 15. The holder of the Emblem has the right to choose the city wherein the contest shall take place. However, he is bound to select a city located in the country of which he or his opponent has his legal residence. In case of a disa- greement between the parties as to the selection of a hall or room in which the contest shall take place, the donor of the emblem shall have the final decision. 16. All litigious points that might be raised by either of the competitors in connection with the challenge herein men- tioned, either before, or during, or after the contest for the World's Championship Emblem of the 18-inch balk-line (2 shots in) game of billiards, shall be settled, without appeal, by the donor of the said Emblem, and the competitors shall have to sign a copy of the present rules, acceptingTheBruns- wick-Balke-Collender Co. as supreme referee in all difficulties that may arise between them on account of the contest. The following amendments and additions were adopted by the undersigned players finally on April 4, 1906: Sec. 4 is made partially inoperative as to a challenge issued at any time within sixty days of the expiration of the two year^' term. The champion rr.st cover the forfeit, and hitnse*lf eitlu r play or forfeit, even if challenged as late as the day before Ids term would otherwise expire. 43a A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF Sec. 8 is amended so as to require a railing around the table, and "not less than seven feet from the outer edge of the table." Sees. 8 and 9 together are modified thus : "There shall be no marker." The championship term in Sec. 12 is contingently prolonged as provided in Sec. 4 above. 15. The holder of the Emblem has the right to choose the city wherein the contest shall take place. However, he is bound to select a city located in the country in which he or his opponent has his legal residence. In case of a disagreement between the parties as to the selection of a hall or room in which the contest shall take place, the donors of the Emblem shall have the final decision. 16. All litigious points that might be raised by either of the competitors in connection with the challenge herein mentioned, either before, or during, or after the contest for the World's Championship Emblem of the 18-inch balkline (2 shots in) game of billiards, shall be settled, without appeal, by the donors of the said Emblem, and the competitors shall have to sign a copy of the present rules, accepting The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. as supreme referee in all difficulties that may arise between them on account of the contest. THE ADDITIONS ARE : 1. There shall be no intermission, neither shall it b*. allowable to brush the table or wipe the balls during the progress of the game. 2. Winner shall take all receipts and pay all expenses. 3. The balls shall have a medium-polish finish — that is, between a dead finish and a high polish. 4. There shall not be any string of markers over the table. GEO. F. SLOSSON, LOUIS CURE, JACOB SCHAEFER, WM. F. HOPPE, ORA C. MORNINGSTAR, ALBERT G. CUTLER. GEO. SUTTON, BILLIARDS AND POOL. 43b PLAYING RULES. The playing rules of the Fourteen-ineh Balk-Line game govern the Eighteen-inch Balk-Line game with the following exception : 1. The lines are placed 18 inches from the cushions. Jfm Jfa Jy. K&» «A» *f^ 44 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF THE SPACE GAME. This game was introduced through a tournament played in Hartford, Conn., Jan. 29 to Feb. 15, 1884. The special feature of this game consists in the introduction of right parallel, and oblique lines, forming spaces upon the table bed, which moderates rail nursing, destroys the nursing of balls in the corners and at one end of the table, and calls for a series of strokes that display all the great beauty of the game of billiards, and which bring the game fairly between the cushion-carroms and unlimited nurse play. The above dia- gram is that of the bed-surface of a billiard table, ruled or ' — — — BILLIARDS AND POOL. 45 lined off in spaces. In laying out the table for the playing of the new game, dr« .v upon t ho cloth four right lines, eleven inches directly out on the table bed, from the top frontsurface of the side cushion, and from a point on the cushion twenty- one inches from the corners of a 5x10 table, or a distance from the corners that is half way between the first and second sights ; this last method of measuring will more easily permit the laying out of the game upon tables of all sizes. Then draw two other right lines from the face of the cushion at the centre diamond sights, on the end rails, eleven inches directly out on the bed, and in a line with the spots. From and to the points of the right lines, at the side cushion, draw a straight line, parallel to the cushion, which line will run eleven inches from and along the surface of the side cushion. Then from the point where these lines intersect draw an oblique line to the point of the right lines projecting from the centre of the end cushion. Thus we have four re- stricted spaces in the corners, within any one of which but three counting strokes can be made without, at least, sending one of the object-balls out of the space. To modify rail play along the near surface of the side cushion is the purpose of the parallel line, within which line but two counting strokes can be made. In the large centre space of the table carroms may be made ad libitum. The rules of the Balk-Line Game govern the New Space Game, except where they conflict with those rules which govern the corner spaces. THE PROGRESSIVE CARROM GAME. The Progressive Game of Billiards differs only from the ordinary Three-ball Carrom Game in the manner in which the game is scored. The striker scores one for each cushion he causes the cue-ball to hit in effecting a valid carrom; thus one cushion hit by the cue-ball, should the striker mak^ a carrom, 46 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP would count but one ; two cushions hit by the cue-ball counts two ; five cushions hit counts five, etc. Ordinary carroms from ball to ball count one. The rules of the regular Three- ball Game of Billiards govern this game also, except when they conflict with the foregoing rules. FOUR BALL CARROM GAME. The Four-ball Carrom Game is played upon a carrom table with two red and two white balls. A carrom counts 1, whether effected upon a red and white ball or upon two red balls. The deep-red ball is spotted on the red ball spot at the foot of the table ; the light red ball is spotted on the white ball or string spot ; and the two white balls are in hand. The player winning the opening bank may either lead or require his opponent to do so. The player leading plays his cue ball beyond the deep red to any point at the foot of the table ; and the next player on his opening stroke, playing from any point within the string, must first strike the white ball in order to effect a carrom, but on any other stroke, except when the cue ball is in hand, may play on either ball first. Should he, on the leading stroke, fail to hit the white ball first, or fail to hit it at all, his opponent counts one point. A stroke made while a red ball is off the table, provided its spot is unoccupied, is foul. A touch of a cue ball is a shot. If, while the balls are at rest, a player touches or disturbs any ball on the table, it is foul. If, when the player's ball is in hand, he does not cause it to pass outside the string before touching any of the object balls or cushion, the stroke is foul, and his opponent may choose whether he will play with the balls as they are, have them replaced in their original positions, or cause the stroke to be played over. In all other particulars the Four-ball Carrom Game is governed by the rules of the Three-ball Carrom Game. Playing directly at a ball that is considered in the "string," is not foul, provided the cue-ball pass wholly beyond the "string" line before coming in contact. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 47 Giving a miss inside the "string," when the player is in hand, is foul ; but he may, for safety, cause his ball to go out of the "string," and return. AMERICAN FOUR-BALL POCKET GAME. In the advance and development of billiards during the pa^fc thirty years, the Original American Four-ball Game has fallen into almost total disuse. It is so seldom played that a brief mention of the points wherein it differs from the games of the present day will meet all requirements. It was played on a six-pocket table, and later on a four-pocket table. The counts were as follows : Pocketing a red ball, 3 ; Carroming on the red balls, 3; pocketing an opponent's ball, 2 ; carroming on red and white balls, 2. Subsequently all carroms were of equal value and counted 1 each. The penalties and forfeitures were as follows : A miss, 1 ; pocketing the cue ball after contact with a red ball, 3 ; pocketing the cue ball after contact with a white ball, 2; pocketing the cue ball without hitting any object ball, 3; jumping the cue ball off the table after contact with a red ball, 3 ; jumping the cue ball off the table after contact with a white ball, 2. The "push" shot was for several years permitted, but was ruled out in 1867 ; up to that time the us"* of the mace was also allowed. CUSHION CARROM GAME. In the Cushion Carrom Game the general rules of the Three- ball game apply as to balls, spots, stringing for lead, playing from radius, ball forced off the table, foul strokes, penalty for miss, playing for safety, etc. The specific rules governing Cushion Carroms are as follows : 48 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF 1. A counting stroke is complete when the cue ball has touched one or more cushions before effecting a carrom, or when the cue ball, after striking one object ball, touches one or more cushions before striking the second object ball. 2. In case of doubt whether the cue ball has touched a cushion before striking an object ball, the decision of the referee must be against the striker. 3. Each cushion carrom counts one for the striker. A miss of both object balls counts one for the non-striker. When Balls Are "Frozen. " 4. When the cue ball is in contact with ("frozen" to) an object ball, the striker may play to a cushion from the ball with which the cue ball is not in contact, or he may play direct to a cushion ; or he may have the balls spotted as at the opening of the game. 5. When the cue ball rests against a cushion, the striker cannot play directly at that cushion, but must touch at least one other cushion before completing a valid carrom. THREE-CUSHION CARROM GAME. The game of Three-cushion Carroms is governed by the gen- eral laws of billiards as already set forth, and the only partic- ulars in which it differs from the game of Cushion Carroms are indicated in the following rules : 1. In order to constitute a valid carrom, the cue ball must first have touched a cushion or cushions at least three distinct times before completing a count. 2. Each carrom counts one, and each miss counts one for the non-striker. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 49 3. In the case of "frozen" halls, the option is to play away from the balls or to spot them as at the opening of the game. 4. When the cue ball rests against a cushion, the striker cannot play directly at that cushion, but must touch at least three other cushions, either before or after contact with an object ball, in order to effect a valid three-cushion carrom. BANK SHOT GAME. xhe rules distinctively pertaining to the Bank Shot Game are as follows, play being in other respects governed by the Three-ball Carrom rules : 1. In the lay-off shot, as in every other stroke, the cue ball must touch at least one cushion before striking an object ball. 2. When the cue ball rests against a cushion, the striker cannot play directly at that cushion, but must touch at least one other cushion before completing a valid carrom. 3. When the cue ball is "frozen " the striker has no option, but must play with the balls as he finds them. 4. In cases where it is doubtful whether the cue ball touched a cushion before coming in contact with an object ball, the decision of the referee must be against the striker. THE GAME OF BILLIARDS FOR THE ENGLISH CHAMPIONSHIP. Rules. 1. The choice of balls and order of play shall, unless mu- tually agreed upon by the two players, be determined by stringing ; and the striker whose ball stops nearest the lower [or bottom] cushion, after being forced from balk up the table, may take which ball he likes, and play, or direct his opponent to play first, as he may deem expedint. '2. The red ball shall, at the opening of every game, be 50 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP placed **i the top [or red] spot, and replaced after being pock- eted or forced off the table, or whenever the balls are bro- ken. 3. Whoever breaks the balls, i.e., opens the game, must play out of balk, though it is not necessary that he shall strike the red ball. 4. The game shall be adjudged in favor of whoever first scores the number of points agreed on, when the marker shall call " game ; " or it shall be given against whoever, after having once commenced, shall neglect or refuse to continue when called upon by his opponent to play. [The scores are counted as below : ] 5. A two stroke is made by pocketing an opponent's ball, or by iDocketing the striker's ball off his opponent's, or by making a carrom, to effect which the striker must cause his ball to strike both the others. 6. A three stroke is made by pocketing the red ball, or by pocketing the striker's ball off the red. 7. A four stroke may be made by pocketing the white and spot-white balls or by making a carrom and pocketing an op- ponent's ball, or by making a carrom and pocketing the strik- er's ball, the non striker's ball having been first hit. 8. A five stroke may be made by scoring a carrom and pock- eting the red ball, or by a carrom and pocketing the striker's ball after having struck the red ball first. 9. To effect a six stroke the red ball must be struck first, and the striker's and the red ball pocketed, or by a carrom off an opponent's ball on to the red and pocketing the two white balls. 10. A seven stroke is made by striking an opponent's ball first, pocketing it, making a carrom, and pocketing the red also, or by making a carrom and pocketing the red and an opponent's ball, or by playing at an opponent's ball first and pocketing all the balls without making a carrom. 11. An eight stroke is made by striking the red ball first;, pocketing it, making a carrom, and pocketing the striker's ball, or by hitting the red first and pocketing all the balls without making a carrom. 12. A nine stroke is made by striking an opponent's ball first, making a carrom* and pocketing all the balls. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 51 13. A ten stroke is made by striking the red ball first, mak- ing a carrom, and pocketing all the balls. 14. If the striker scores by his stroke he continues until he ceases to make any points, when his opponent follows on. 15. If when moving the cue backward and forward, and. prior to a stroke, it touches and moves the ball, the ball must be replaced to the satisfaction of an adversary, otherwise it is a foul stroke; but if the player strikes, and grazes any part of the ball with any part of the cue, it must be considered a stroke, and the opponent follows on. 16. If a ball rebounds from the table, and is prevented in any way, or by any object except the cushion, from falling to the ground, or if it lodges on a cushion and remains there, it shall be considered off the table, unless it is the red, which must be spotted. 17. A ball on the brink of the pocket need not be "chal- lenged"; if it ceases running and reinains stationary, then falls in. it must be replaced, and the score thus made does nor count. 18. Any ball or balls behind the balk-line, or resting ex- actly upon the line, are not playable if the striker be in hand, and he must play out of balk before hitting another ball. 19. Misses may be given with the point or butt of the cue, and shall count one for each against the player; or if the player strike his ball with the cue more than once a penalty shall be enforced, and the non-striker may oblige him to play again, or may call on the marker to place the ball at the point it reached or would have reached when struck first. [The butt may also be used for playing a ball in hand up the table in order to strike a ball in balk.] 20. Foul strokes do not score to the player, who must al- low his opponent to follow on. They are made thus : By striking a ball twice with the cue; by touching with the hand, ball, or cue an opponent's or the red ball ; by playing with the wrong ball; by lifting both feet from the floor when play- ing; by playing at the striker's own ball and displacing it ever so little (except while taking aim, when it shall be replaced, and he shall play again). 21. The penalty for a foul stroke is losing the lead, and, in case of a score, an opponent must have, the red ball spotted. 52 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF and himself break the balls, when the player who made the foul must follow suit, both playing from the D. If the foul is not claimed the player continues to score, if he can. 22. After being pocketed or forced off the table the red ball must be spotted on the top spot, but if that is occupied by another ball the red must be placed on the centre spot be- tween the middle pockets. 23. If in taking aim the player moves his ball and causes it to strike another, even without intending to make a stroke, a foul stroke may be claimed by an adversary. (See Rule Fif- teenth.) 24. If a player fail to hit another ball, it counts one to his opponent ; but if by the same stroke the player's ball is forced over the table or into any pocket it counts three to his oppo- nent. 25. Forcing any ball off the table, either before or after the score, causes the striker to gain nothing by the stroke. 26. In the event of either player using his opponent's ball and scoring, the red must be spotted and the balls broken again by the non-striker; but if no score is made, the next player may take his choice of balls and continue to use the ball he so chooses to the end of the game. No penalty, how- ever, attaches in either case unless the mistake be discovered before the next stroke. 27. No person except an opponent has a right to tell the player that he is using the wrong ball, or to inform the non- striker that his opponent has used the wrong ball ; and if the opponent does not see the striker use the ball, or, seeing him, does not claim the penalty, the marker is bound to score any points made to the striker. 28. Should the striker [whose ball is in hand], in playing up the table on a ball or balls in balk, either by accident or design, strike one of them [with his own ball] without first going out of balk, his opponent may have the balls replaced, score a miss, and follow on ; or may cause the striker to play- again, or may claim a foul, and have the red spotted and the balls broken again. 29. The striker, when in hand, may not play at a cushion within the balk (except by going first up the table) so as to hit balls that are within or without the line. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 53 30. If in hand, and in the act of playing, the striker shall move his ball with insufficient strength to take it out of balk, it shall be counted as a miss to the opponent, who, however, may oblige him to replace his ball and play again. [Failing to play out of balk, the player may be compelled to play his stroke over again.] 31. If in playing a pushing stroke the striker pushes more than once it is unfair, and any score he may make does not count. His opponent follows by breaking the balls. 32. If in the act of drawing back his cue the striker knocks the ball into a pocket, it counts three to the opponent, and is reckoned a stroke. 33. If a foul stroke be made while giving a miss, the adver- sary may enforce the penalty or claim the miss, but he cannot do both. 34. If either player take up a ball, unless by consent, the adversary may have it replaced, or may have the balls broken ; but if any other person touches or takes up a ball it must be replaced by the marker as nearly as possible. 35. If, after striking, the player or his opponent should by any means obstruct or hasten the speed of any ball, it is at the opponent or player's option to have them replaced, or to break the balls. 36. No player is allowed to receive, nor any by-stander to offer advice on the game ; but should any person be appealed to by the marker or either player he has a right to offer an opinion ; or if a spectator sees the game wrongly marked he may call out, but he must do so prior to another stroke. 37. The marker shall act as umpire, but any question may be referred by either player to the company, the opinion of the majority of whom shall be acted upon. 54 A COMPLETE HAND BOOK OF THE SPANISH GAME OF BILLIARDS. This game is played in the South, California, and in Mex- ico and Cuba, and is played with two white and one red ball, and five pins place*d similar to those in Pin Pool. The red ball is placed on the red-ball spot, and the first player strikes at it from within the balk semicircle. The game is scored by winning and losing hazards, carroms, and by knocking over the pins. It is usually played thirty points up. Kules. 1. The player who knocks down a pin after striking a ball gains two points, if he knocks down two pins he gains four points, and so on, scoring two points for each pin knocked down. If he knock down the middle pin alone he gains five points. 2. The player who pockets the red ball gains three points and two for each pin knocked down by the same stroke. 3. The player who pockets the white ball gains two points and two for each pin knocked over with the same stroke. Each carrom counts two. 4. The player who knocks down a pin or pins with his own ball before striking another ball loses two for every pin so knocked down. 5. The player who pockets his own ball without hitting another ball forfeits three points; for missing altogether he forfeits one point. 6. The striker who forces his own ball off the table without hitting another ball forfeits three points, and if he does so after making a carrom or pocket he loses as many points as he would otherwise have gained. The rules of the Three-ball Game, except where they conflict with the foregoing rules, govern this game also. BILLIARDS AND Poof,. 5/> THE GAME OF CONTINUOUS POOL, For the Championship. Continuous Pool, so called from the system of scoring the game, differs from any other game of ball pool heretofore in vogue. Unlike Gl- or 8-ball Pyramid Pool the scoring of the game is continued until all the halls in each frame have been pocketed and the game may consist of any number of balls or points up which may be agreed upon. Each ball pocketed scores one point for the striker and the game is usually scored upon the string of buttons over the table as in regular bill- iards. Penalties are paid through deducting points from the offending player's score or string of buttons, instead of for- feiting a ball to the table as in regular pyramid pool. In playing a long game of more than one night's duration, when a player shall have scored the agreed upon quota for the night, play must be continued until all the balls of the final frame have been pocketed, and each player must be credited with the balls which each shall pocket in the aforesaid final frame. On the final night of a match, playing shall cease as soon as the leading player shall have scored or pocketed a sufficient number of balls to be declared winner of the match. The Game. The game of Continuous Pool is played with fifteen num- bered balls and one white ball, not numbered. The latter is the cue-ball and the player plays with it from within the string at the head of the table, at the opening of the game, at any of the numbered balls, and afterward as he finds it on the table, his object being to pocket as many of the numbered balls as he can. The fifteen balls are numbered from one to fifteen 56 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF respectively, and are usually colored, but the numbers on the balls are simply used for convenience in calling the num- ber of each ball which the player intends to pocket, and do not in any way affect the score of the player. Before com- mencing the game these fifteen balls are placed promis- cuously in the form of a triangle upon the table, a triangular, frame being employed for this purpose, to insure correctness. The highest numbered balls nmst be placed nearest *ene apex of the triangle and the lowest numbered at its base ; the 15-ball^must be placed at the apex and must rest on the spot known as the red-ball spot in the regular Three-ball Game of Billiards, and the 1 and 5 balls at either corner of the base of the triangle. The string line occupies the same place on the table as it does in the Three-ball game. Each and every ball counts one point, and the game shall consist of any given number of points, to be mutually agreed upon. Emblem of the Continuous Pool Championship op America. Bides Governing Contests. 1. Contests for the emblem shall, in addition to the emblem, involve a money stake' amounting to at least $150 a side. This amount is necessary in order that the holder of the em- blem may not be challenged by unskilful players whose only object in challenging would be to gain notoriety. 2. The sum of $75 must accompany all challenges to give them validity. Until the holder of the emblem covers thig amount, it will be regarded, not as a forfeit, but simply as a guarantee of good faith, and as being requisite to secure for the challenge it represents precedence over any others which may come after. 3. The holder of the emblem must cover his challenger's money within ten days after receipt of notification that he has been challenged. Failure to do so, without sufficient cause therefor, will entitle the challenger to the emblem. But the holder of the emblem will not be required to nover the money of more than one challenger at a time. < 4. When $75 have been put up on each side, the $150, as BILLIARDS AND POOL. 5" well as the emblem, becomes subject to forfeiture. The remaining $75 must be put up at least ten days prior to date of contest, and after such final deposit the match shall be "play or pay." i.e., death only relieving the players from their contract. 5. The holder of the emblem has the right to name the city and date of contest, but he is required to play within forty days from the time of receipt of challenge, but not before. Should either party refuse to play within the specified time, he shall forfeit his claim to the emblem and stakes. Should both parties conspire to defeat this or any other rule relative to the emblem, without the consent of the donor, the match shall be declared off and the stake- money returned. The emblem will revert to the original donor. All games for the championship shall be played in the United States. [Note to Rule 5.- — By an agreement entered into by the players in the World's Championship Tournament in April, 1908, it was stipulated that in subsequent match games for the championship, the following rule be sub- stituted for the foregoing Rule 5, to wit: "The holder of the emblem has the right to name the city and date of contest, but he cannot arbitrarily name a far away city merely for the purpose of harassing his challenger, and therefore he will be required to name his home city, or the city in which he is residing at the time of acceptance of challenge. "The holder of the emblem has the right to name date of contest, but he is required to play within 40 days from the time of receipt of challenge and not before, but he cannot without consent of the challenger, name a date earlier than 20 days from the time of receipt of challenge.] 6. To define the above rule : A challenge issued while a match for the emblem is pending, and being next in order, shall go into effect on the next day after that match is disposed of, either through play or forfeiture. A challenge issued while there is no match pending shall take effect upon the day of its date, provided it is not in any way subject to the rule next below. 7. The challenge of a player who has been beaten while con- testing for the emblem shall not go into effect until five days after the contest in which he was defeated. 8. All challenges not conflicting with Rule Seven shall go into effect in the order of their issue, the first being entitled to priority, and so on. In determining priority, allowance must be made for distance, and the better to settle disputes, all challenges sent by mail shall be accompanied by the certificate of two responsible parties, other than the player, setting forth the exact hour at which the forfeit money was despatched. In case two challenges should 58 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF be issued at the same time, the holder of the emblem may give either precedence. 9. Each game shall consist of 200 points, the champion to have the option of playing only one night. But if it is mutually agreed upon between the champion and his challenger, the contest may consist of a greater number of points, but no more nor no less than goo points each evening. And after the winner has defrayed the oxpenses of the match, he shall receive whatever sum may have accrued above expenses. 10. All contests must take place in a public hall mutually agreed upon, and at night-time, commencing at eight o'clock, unless there should be some special reason and a special agreement to play in the day-time. 11. The holder of the emblem will be required to defend it for one year against all comers, provided they are at least eighteen years of age, and of unimpeached professional standing. During this probation, the holder of the emblem must deposit with its donor (The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co.) the sum of $100, to insure its preservation in good order, and its presentation at every contest in which it may devolve upon him to defend it. The em- blem becomes the property of the player who wins and defends it against all contestants for a period of twelve months. 12. In all matches for the emblem, the permanent stakeholder shall be the New York House of The Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co. 13. All matches for the emblem shall be played with 2 5-16 inch balls upon a 5x10 table manufactured by The Brunswick- Balke-Collender Co. with pocket-openings 4^2 inches at the corners and 4^4 inches at the sides. 14. In the event of dispute as to any point not specifically cov- ered by these rules the decision shall rest with the donor of the emblem. Rules for Play. 1. In match or tournament contests the game is begun by bank- ing, the same as in the Three-ball Carrom Game. The winner of the lead has the option of playing first himself from within the string at the head of the table, or he can compel his opponent to play first from the same place. For convenience, two white balls of the same size as the pool balls may be provided for banking. 2. The player who makes the opening stroke must play from BILLIARDS AND POOL. 59 within the string at the head of the table and must drive two or more object-balls to a cushion, or cause at least one object-ball to go into a pocket. Should he fail to do either, the balls are to be set up again; he forfeits two points, and must continue to play until he drives two or more object-balls to a cushion, or at least one object-ball into a pocket. Each failure causes him to forfeit two points. In match or tournament games the player making the opening stroke must call the ball or balls to be pocketed in order to effect a count. [Note to Rule 2.— By an agreement entered into by the players in the World's Championship Tournament in April, 1908, it was stipulated that in subsequent match games for the championship, the following rule be substi- tuted for the foregoing Rule 2, to wit: "The player who makes die opening stroke must play from within the string at the head of the table and must drive two or more object balls to a cushion, or cause at least one object ball to go into a pocket. Should he fail fo do either, the stroke is foul and at the option of his opponent loses his stroke and the next player plays, or the balls are to be set up again; he forfeits two points and must continue to play until he drives two or more object balls to a cushion, or at least one object ball into a pocket. Each failure causes him to forfeit two points, whenever his opponent claims it." J 3. Before making a stroke the player must distinctly call the number of the ball he intends to pocket, and unless he does so the ball pocketed does not count for him and must be placed on the deep-red spot; or, if that be occupied, as near on a line below it as possible. The player loses his hand, but does not forfeit any points, and the next player plays. Should he call more than one ball, he must pocket all the balls he calls, otherwise none of them can be counted for him. A player is not required to pay a penalty for failure to move or hit a called ball provided he hits any other ball or balls on the table. [Note to Rule 3. — By an agreement entered into by the players in the World's Championship Tournament in March, 1893, it was stipulated that in match or tournament games a ball falling in a pocket, other than the one for which it is obviously intended, according to the judgment of the referee, does not count.] 4. After the opening stroke each player must either pocket a . ball or make at least one object-ball or the cue-ball, after contact with an object-ball, strike a cushion, under penalty of forfeiture of one point. 5. Should the player pocket, by the same stroke, more balls than he calls, he is entitled to all the balls he calls and all the other balls pocketed by the stroke. 60 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF 6. All strokes must be made with the point of the cue, other- wise they are foul. 7. A forfeit of one point is deducted from the player's score for making a miss, pocketing his own ball, forcing his own ball off the table, failing to either make an object-ball strike a cushion or go into a pocket, or the cue-ball to strike a cushion as provided in Rule 4, and for striking his own ball twice. 8. A ball whose centre is on the string line must be regarded as within the line. 9. If the player pocket one or more of the object-balls, and his own ball go into a pocket or off the table from the stroke, he can- not score for the balls, which must be placed on the spot known as the deep-red spot ; or, if it be occupied, as nearly below it as possible, and on a line with the spot, and the player forfeits one point for pocketing his own ball or driving it off the table. 10. A ball going into a pocket and rebounding onto the table must be regarded in the same light as if it had struck a cushion, and is not to be counted as a pocketed ball. It retains its place where it comes to rest upon the table. An object-ball forced off the table, or forced off and rebounding from some object foreign to the table, must be replaced upon the deep-red spot; or, if that be occupied, on a line below it and as near as possible. If it is the cue-ball, it is to be regarded as being off the table and in hand. The gas-fixture or other apparatus for lighting, when placed directly over the table, shall not be considered a foreign object, and should a ball striking a fixture rebound to the table, it must retain its position where it comes to rest. 11. A ball resting on the cushion must be regarded as off the table. 12. When the cue-ball is in hand, the player may play from any place within the string at any object-ball outside of it; but he is not allowed to play directly at an object-ball which is within the string. Should none of the object-balls be outside, that ball which is nearest outside the string should be spotted on the deep red spot, and the player may play at it. 13. Should the striker touch the cue-ball with the point of his cue, or should he touch it with any other part of the cue except the point, or with his clothing, or anything else, it shall- be ac- counted a stroke. The striker loses his hand, forfeits one point, and the next player plays. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 6l 14. Should the player touch an object-ball with the point or any other part of the cue, or with his clothing, or anything else, the ball so disturbed is to be replaced by the referee in its original position. The striker loses his hand only and the next player plays. 15. A counting stroke cannot be regarded as being completed until all balls set in motion by the stroke have come to rest. 16. A stroke made when any of the balls are in motion is foul. Should such a stroke be made, the balls are either to be replaced or left as they come to rest, at the option of the next player, and the next player plays. The striker loses his hand and forfeits one point. 17. Should the player strike his own ball twice he forfeits one point, and the balls disturbed in consequence of the second stroke are to be placed by the referee in the position they occupied before the first stroke, or left as they are when they come to rest, at the option of the next player. The striker loses his hand, and the next player plays. 18. Should the balls, or any of them, on the table be accident- ally disturbed by any other person or cause than the player, they are to be replaced as nearly as possible in their original position, and the player may continue. 19. Push shots are allowed; that is, it is not necessary to with- draw the point of the cue from the cue-ball before the latter touches the object-ball. When the cue-ball is in contact with another ball, the player may play directly at the ball with which it is in contact; or directly from it, and the latter play shall not be recorded as a miss, provided a cushion is struck, as specified in Rule 4. 20. When the striker is in hand, should he play from any posi- tion not within the string line, without being checked previous to the stroke being made, any score he may make from such stroke he is entitled to; but if he is checked before making the stroke, and' then makes it, it does not count for him, his hand is out, and the next player plays, and all balls disturbed by the stroke must be re- placed or left as they are, at the option of the next player. 21. It is foul, and the striker forfeits one point, if, while in the act of striking, he has not at least one foot on the floor. 22. Should the striker, by a clear, fair stroke of the cue, pocket a ball and, after the stroke, move, touch, or foul one or more of the object-balls, he is entitled to the pocketed ball and loses his hand only because of the foul, and the next player plays. 23. Should a ball that has come to a standstill move, without 62 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF apparent cause, while the player is preparing to strike, it must be replaced. Should it move before he can stop his stroke, it and all the other balls set in motion by the stroke must be replaced, and the player shall repeat his stroke, inasmuch as, but for the moving of the ball, he might have counted where he missed or missed where he counted. [Note to Ride 23. — Should a ball after having come to a standstill and then resting on the edge of a pocket fall into the pocket without being hit by another ball, it must be replaced by the referee, or by the marker through the direction of the referee. Should it so fall into a. pocket while the striker is in the act of taking aim, or should it so fall into the pocket after the striker has delivered his stroke and before his ball, or an object-ball set in motion by the stroke, hits said ball, it and all other balls set in motion by the stroke must be replaced by the referee, or by the marker through the direction of the referee, as near as possible to their original positions, and the striker is entitled to play again. A ball must be positively hit by another ball before it can be reckoned as a pocketed ball, and should the vibration of the table, through the roll- ing of the balls, or through atmospheric influences or any other causes other than by being positively hit by another ball through a fair deliv- ery of the cue, cause a ball resting on the edge of a pocket to fall into it, that ball must be replaced by the referee or marker and cannot be reckoned as a pocketed ball.] 24. Should a player make three scratches or forfeitures of points in succession he shall forfeit every ball remaining on the table to his opponent, except as provided in Rule 2. 25. Under these rules no player is allowed to withdraw before the game is played out ; by so doing, without sufficient cause, he forfeits the game. 26. In case of a scratch or forfeiture the claim for such must be put in before another strike is made, otherwise it cannot be re- corded against that player later in the game. " 27. A light pencil mark is to be drawn from the deep-red spot directly back to the centre diamond on the end rail, also across the string line. This rule is for convenience and absolute accuracy in spotting and placing the cue-ball. 28. The player scoring the last ball of each frame has the option of leading in the succeeding frame or making his opponent lead. 29. There shall be no unnecessary delay on the part of a player, and an opponent may appeal to the referee in case of such delay, who will place a reasonable time limit on the player. This rule is particularly favorable to spectators, who dislike a tedious same. BILLIARDS AND POOL. 63 30. An opponent must stand at least four feet from a player and the table. Protests may be made if a player stands in front of another whose turn it is to play or in such proximity as to discon- cert his playing, also against loud talking or advice from either spectator or opponent. Protests. 1. The player may protest against his adversary standing in front of him, or in such close proximity as to disarrange his aim. 2. Also, against loud talking, or against advice being given by any person whomsoever, or any other annoyance by his opponent, while he is making his play. Notes to the Foregoing Rules. The decision of the referee is final, but it might happen, under extraordinary circumstances, that one of the players should believe his rights to have been violated by the referee. In such a case he must at once, and before more than one stroke has been played, declare the cause of his grievance and announce that he is playing the game out under protest. Then, should he lose the game, the subject of the grievance is left to the decision of the experts mutually agreed upon." The rules of the Three-ball Game of Billiards, when not con- flicting with any of the foregoing rules, govern this game also. A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF THE GAME OF FIFTEEN-BALL POOL FOR THE CHAMPIONSHIP. The game of Fifteen-ball Pool is played with fifteen num- bered balls, and one white ball not numbered. The latter is the cue-ball, and the player plays with it from within the string at the head of the table, at the opening of the game, at any of the numbered balls, and afterward as he finds it on the table, his object being to pocket as many of the numbered balls as he can, the number on each ball he pockets being scored to his credit ; so that not he who pockets the largest number of balls, but he whose score, when added up, yields the largest total, wins the game. The fifteen balls are num- bered from one to fifteen, respectively, and are usually col- ored. Before commencing the game these fifteen balls are placed in the form of a triangle upon the table — a triangular frame being employed for this purpose to insure correctness. The ball numbered fifteen is so placed upon the table as to form the apex of the triangle, pointing upward toward the head of the table, and in forming the triangle the fifteen-ball should rest as nearly as possible upon the spot known as the deep-red spot in the Three- or Four-ball Gaines, The other balls should have their places in the triangle so tliat the highest numbers shall be nearest the apex, the lowest num- bers forming the base. The sti-ing-line occupies the same place on the table as it does in the Four-ball Game. The numbers on the balls pocketed count for the player who pockets them fairly, and as the sum total of all the num- bers on the fifteen balls amounts only to one hundred and twenty, of which sixty-one is more than onedialf, when only two persons are playing whichever makes ike lattsr svjmfet* &E»t i§ tk© wiji^ir 9% tb© @,wv.& . MILLIARDS AND POOL. 65 Rules Governing all Contests. 1. Should the player making the openingstroke fail to (pake at least two of the object balls strike a cushion, or at least one object-ball go into a pocket, he forfeits three points and the next player plays. In the opening stroke all balls pocketed count for the player, and he is not required to call any ball on this stroke. In match or tournament games, when on the opening stroke the player fails to drive at least two object balls to a cushion, or to pocket at least one object-ball, the balls are set up again, and he forfeits two scratches, or six points, and must continue to play until he drives two or more object-balls to a cushion, or at least one object-ball to a pocket. For each failure so to do he forfeits six points. 2. After the opening stroke each player must either pocket a ball, make an object-ball strike a cushion or the cue-ball strike a cushion after contact with an object-ball, under pen- alty of forfeiture of three points. Three forfeitures in suc- cession lose the player making them the game. Should the striker pocket the cue-ball during the game, and by the same stroke fail to drive one or more balls against a cushion or into a pocket, he forfeits three only for the pocket- ing of the cue-ball. 3. When two players only are engaged in a game, and one player's score amounts to more than the aggregate numbers on the balls credited to the other player, added to that remain- ing on the table, the game is ended, the player whose score is higher than this total wins. But when more than two players are engaged the game is ended only when the aggregate of numbers of the balls remaining on the table do not amount to enough to tie or beat the next lowest score. It is the duty of the game-keeper to proclaim it when a game is won. •1. A forfeiture of three points is deducted from the player's score for making a miss ; pocketing his own ball ; forcing his own ball off the table ; failure to make the opening stroke, as provided in Rule 1 ; failure either to make an object ball strike a cushion or go into a pocket, as provided in Rule 2 ; playing out of his turn, if detected doing so before he has made more 66 A COMPLETE HAJSTD-BOOK OF than one counting stroke ; striking the cue-ball more than once ; making a stroke when any of the balls are in motion ; failing to have at least one foot on the floor while in the act of striking. 5. In a match or tournament game a tie game is reckoned as void, and must be played over to determine the winner. 6. The rules of the Three-ball Carrom Game and of the Game of Continuous Pool for the Championship, when not conflicting with the above rules, govern this game also. AMERICAN PYRAMID POOL. The game of American Pyramid Pool is played with fifteen balls, numbered from 1 to 15 respectively, and a white cue- ball. The player opening the game plays from any point inside the string, and after the opening shot plays with the cue-ball as he finds it. Each ball counts one point, and in match or two-hand games, the player first scoring eight balls wins game. The Pules for Play. 1. In the opening stroke the cue-ball, aimed direct or as the result, of a bank shot, must strike the pyramid with force suf- ficient to cause at least two object-balls to touch a cushion, or at least one object-ball to go Into a pocket. Failure to do either forfeits the stroke and one ball to the table. In case of a forfeit by a player having no ball to his credit, the first ball scored by him shall be placed on the deep-red spot, or as near thereto as possible. All balls pocketed on the opening stroke count, and need not be called. In match or tournament games, when the player on the opening stroke fails to drive at least two balls to a cushion or one ball to a pocket, the balls are set up again, and the player forfeits one ball from his seore, and must continue to play un- til he shall have made a legal leading stroke. > BILLIARDS AND POOL. 07 2. After the opening stroke the player must call the number of the ball he intends to pocket, but need not call the pocket. Should the called had not be pocketed, no bull pocketed on thai stroke is counted, but must be placed on the deep-red spot, or as near as possible on a line below it; the player's hand is out, but he incurs no penalty. Should more than one ball be called, and one or more thus called should notbe pock- eted, none can be counted. Failure to hit a called ball involves no penalty, provided any other ball be hit. 3. One ball is forfeited if after the opening stroke the player fail to pocket a ball, or fail to make at least one object-ball, or the cue-ball, after hitting an object-ball, strike a cushion. Should the player also pocket the cue-ball after failure as above described, he forfeits but one ball on the stroke. 4. When one or more balls, in addition to the ball called, are pocketed, the player is entitled to all pocketed. 5. When more than two players are engaged, the game is ended when the balls remaining on the table are not sufficient to tie the nest lowest score ; and all that may be depending upon the game shall be decided in accordance with the stand- ing of each player when pool is called. 6. A player forfeits one ball for making a miss, pocketing the cue-ball, forcing the cue-ball off the table, for failing as described in Rule 3, and for striking the cue-ball twice. 7. It is a stroke, and one bail is forfeited, if the striker touch the cue-ball with his cue and make a miss, or touch it with his clothing, or any other object. 8. A stroke made when any ball is in motion is foul, one ball is forfeited, and the incoming striker may either have the balls replaced or play as he finds them. 9. When the cue-ball is struck twice, the balls disturbed in consequence of the second stroke shall be replaced, or the in- coming striker, if he choose, may play as he finds them ; the striker forfeits one ball. 10. The Rules of Continuous Pool for the Championship, and of the Three-ball Carrom Game, except as above specified, govern this arame also. 68 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF THE LAWS OF ENGLISH PYRAMIDS, The English balk semi-circle is used in this game. Rules. 1. This game may be played with any number of balls, generally sixteen, viz. : fifteen red, and one white. 2. In "setting the balls" at the commencement of the game they are placed on the table in the form of a triangle or pyramid, the first or head ball to stand on the red-ball spot, the semicircle, or balk for the cue-ball, being from twenty-one to twenty-three inches in diameter. 3. If more than two persons play, and their number is odd. each plays alternately — the rotation to be decided by string- ing. The player pocketing the greatest number of balls to receive from each of the other players (a certain sum per ball having been agreed upon) the difference between their lives and his. 4. If the number of players be even they may form sides, when the partners either play alternately or go out upon a hazard, miss, etc., being made, as previously agreed. 5. The players string for choice of lead ; then the leader places his ball (the white) within the string or balk semicircle, and plays at the pyramid. 6. The next striker plays the white ball from the place where it rests after his opponent has made his stroke ; but if the ball should be off the table, it must be played from the string or balk, as at commencement. 7. None but winning hazards count toward the striker's game. One point or life is reckoned for each winning hazard, and he who pockets the greatest number of balls wins. 8. The player loses a point if he pocket the white ball or forces it off the table, if he give a miss, or run a coup, i.e., runs the cue-ball into a pocket or off the table without hitting a ball. 9. For every losing hazard, i.e., pocketing cue-ball, miss, or coup, made by the player a point is to be taken from his score by a ball being replaced on the pyramid spot ; but if that spot be occupied the ball must be placed immediately behind it. 10. If the striker pocket his own ball, or jump it off the BILLIARDS A.ND POOL. 69 table, cii'd by the same stroke pocket one or more of the pyra- jnid balls, or jump them off the table, he gains nothing by the stroke ; the pyramid ball so pocketed must be replaced on the spot, together with one of the balls previously holed by the player. 11. Should the striker, losing a ball by forfeit, not have taken one, the first he pockets must be placed on the table, as in l\ule 9 ; should he not take one during the game, he must pay the price of a life for each ball so forfeited, or the number of balls which he may owe is deducted from his score in computing the balls at the finish of the game. 12. If the (white) playing-ball touch a (colored) pyramid ball the striker may score all the balls he pockets, but he can- not give a miss without forfeiting a point. 13. Should the striker move any ball in taking aim or strik ing, he loses all he might otherwise have gained by the stroke. 14. If the striker force one or more of the pyramid balls off the table he scores nothing, and the ball must be placed upon the spot. 15. If the game be played with an odd number (fifteen) of pyramid balls, the last hazard counts two. [In England six- teen balls are frequently used, the sixteenth being placed in the centre of the base of the pyramid, directly in the rear of the head ball.] 16. When all the colored balls but one are pocketed, the player who made the last hazard continues to play with the white ball, and his opponent with. the red, each playing alter- nately, as at single pool. 17. "When only two balls remain on the table, with two persons playing, should the striker pocket his own ball or make a miss, the game is finished, and the opponent adds one to his score. If there are more than two players, and they not partners, the striker places a ball on the spot. 18. The balk or string is no protection to the non-striker's ball. The player whose ball is in hand can play from the semicircle at any ball on the table. 19. All disputes are to be decided by the marker ; or, if he be interested in the game, as a player or interested party, by the majority of the company. 7° CHICAGO POOL. This game is played with the numbered pool balls from 1 to 15 and a white cue-ball, as in Fifteen-ball Pool, the object being to play upon and pocket the balls in their numerical order. The table is laid out for the game by placing the one ball against the end cushion at the first right-hand diamond sight at the foot of the table, as seen in the diagram; the two-ball is placed at the centre diamond sight on same cushion; the remaining thirteen balls are placed in the order of their num- bers at the succeeding diamond sights, as shown in the dia- gram. All things being equal, it is immaterial which way the numbers run in setting the balls, for they may also be set so that the one-ball is placed on that diamond sight which, when standing at the head of the table and looking toward the foot or lower end, appears as the left-hand diamond sight on the end rail, with the three-ball placed at the right, etc. The three sights on the end rail at head of the table are not occupied by any ball. In opening the game the order of play is determined by throwing out small numbered balls, as in Fifteen-ball Pool, CHICAGO FOOL. 71 and he whoso first play it may be strikes the eue-ball from any point within the string line. The opening stroke must be to strike the OHe-ball. If that ball is holed it is placed to the credit of the player, and he continues his hand until he fails to score, but in continuing he must play each time upon the ball bearing the lowest number on the table. After playing upon that ball, however, should any other be pocketed by the same stroke, irrespective of its number, it shall be placed to the player's credit so pocketing it. If the line of aim at the ball required to be hit is covered by another ball, the player may resort to a bank play or massed etc., but should he fail to hit the required ball he for- feits three, receiving a scratch. Should &, ball be holed by a foul stroke it is replaced upon the spot it occupied at the opening of the game, but should it be the 8, 9, 10, or 11 ball so holed, they being within the string, and the cue-ball in hand, then the balls specified are to be placed upon the pyramid or red-ball spot, or should that be occupied, as near to it as is possible, as in Fifteen-ball P00L The player having the lowest aggregate score is reqwarwd to pay for general refreshment for all in the game. Tha player having the second lowest score pays for the game. The rules of Fifteen-ball Pool govern Chicago Pool, except where t*" =. y conflict with the foregoing rules. 72 A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF ROTATION POOL. This game is played with the numbered pool ba Is from I to 15 and a white cue-ball, as in Fifteen-ball Pool, the object being to play upon and pocket the balls in their numerical order. Iu "setting the balls" at the commencement of the game they are placed on the table in the form of a triangle or pyramid, the No. 1 ball at the apex, No. 2 and No. 3 in the second row, Nos. 4, 5 and 6 in the third row, Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10 in fourth row, and Nos. n, 12, 13, 14 and 15 in last row. The player opening the game plays from any point inside the string, and after the opening shot plays with the cue-ball as he finds it. In opening the game the order of play is determined by throwing oat small numbered balls, as in Fifteen-ball Pool, and he whose first play it may be strikes the cue-ball from any point within the string line. The opening stroke must be to strike the one-ha\\, and any ball or balls pocketed by the stroke, irrespective of its number, counts for the player, and he continues his hand until he fails to score, but in continu ng he must play each time upon the ball bearing the lowest number on the tab'e. Each player in turn is required to play on the b .11 bearing the lowest number on the table. After playing upon that ball, however, should any other be pocketed by the same stroke, irrespective of its number, it shall be placed to the player's credit so pocketing it. If the line of aim at the ball required to be hit is covered by another ball, the player may resort to a bank play or masses, etc , but should he fail to hit the required ball he forefeits three, receiving a scratch. The Rules of Fifteen-ball Pool Govern Rotation Pool, except where they conflict with the foregoing rules. TWO-BALL POOL. This game, about 40 yeass ago was universally in vogue in this country. It is played on a pocket table, and is opened by throwing out the small, numbered balls to de- termine the order of play as in Fifteen-ball Pool, and any number of persons may engage in the game. Two balls onlv, a red and white, are used to play the game, and the striker plays with that ball which was the object-ball in the t re ed- ing stroke, except when a ball has been pocketed. In the latter A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF 73 case there must be a new lead, the next striker leading with the red ball, and being followed with the white ball from the string. Rules. 1. Player No. 1 must lead with the red, but has the privilege of spotting his ball, in case the lead does not please him. Bat if, in a pushing lead, he does not withdraw his mace or cue from the ball before it passes the middle pockets, the stroke is foul, and player No. 2 has the option of playing at the ball as it is left, having the lead played over again, or causing the red to be spotted on the pool spot. 2. Each player has one, two, or more lives, as may be agreed on. When he forfeits these he is said to be dead, except he obtains what is called a "privilege," meaning one chance more. 3. This privilege, except where all the players consent to its remaining open, must be taken by the first man "killed ;" and the person so killed must determine whether he will ac- cept it or not at once, before another stroke is played. [This is the strict rule of the game, and as such may be enforced ; but as a general practice the privilege remains open until taken up by some one of the players.] 4. After a game has been commenced, no one can take a baK, except with the consent of all who are already in the game ; and after the privilege is gone, no stranger can be ad- mitted to the game under any circumstances. 5. Any person in the pool whose lives are not exhausted, and who thinks a hazard may be made in a certain position, can claim the stroke, or "take the hazard," as it is technically colled, in case the striker does not choose to risk that particu- lar stroke himself. Should the person who takes the hazard fail to execute it, he loses a life. G. The player has the best right to take a hazard, and must be marked if he fails to pocket the ball, in case any other player in the pool has offered to take it. 7. In playing out of his turn the player loses a lite, unless he pockets the object-ball, in which case the ball pocketed loses a life, and the next in rotation to the person who ought to have played plays. 74 BILLIARDS AND POOL. 8. But if one player misdirect another by calling on him to play when it is not his turn, the misclirector, and not the mis- directed, loses a life, and the next in turn must lead with the red as usual. 9. Whoever touches any of the balls while running forfeits a life. This rule is invariable, and can only be relaxed by the consent of all the players. 10. No player can own or have an interest in more than one ball at a time ; nor can he buy another ball, nor own an interest in another ball, while his own ball is either alive or privileged. 11. After the number which he drew is dead, he may buy that of another player, and take his place ; but if the seller only dispose of an interest in his ball, he must either continue to play it himself or sell out his ball in toto, in which latter case any member of the original pool may buy and finish out the game. 12. But no person not included in the original pool can be permitted to buy in and play ; though outsiders may purchase an interest in a ball, still permitting the original member of the pool to play it. 13. If the leader sells his number upon the lead, the pur- chaser must either allow the lead made to stand or the ball may be spotted at his option. 14. A lead once made cannot be changed, even when the next player sells his ball to a third party ; but the leader has, at all times, the option of having his ball spotted. 15. No player can strike twice in succession under any cir-« cumstances, except when there are only two players left, and one of them has holed his opponent's ball. In that case tho person who has pocketed the ball must lead for his adversary to play on. 16. When only two players are left, and either of them wishes to divide or sell, his opponent shall have the first right of buying, provided he offers as much as is offered by any of the others who are entitled (by having been in the original pool) to purchase. But should he not offer as much, then the ball may be sokl to the highest duly-qualified bidder. A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF y $ 17. If a player, playing on the lead, places his ball outside of the string, and has his attention called to the fact by the leader before the time of striking his ball, it is optional with the leader either to compel him to play the stroke over again, or let the balls remain as they are. 18. If it be found that the marker has not thrown out balls enough for the number of players at the commencement of the game, his mistake will not alter the conditions of the pool. The balls must be again shaken up and thrown over, and then the game commences. With the foregoing exceptions, the rules of the American Four-ball Game may be applied to Two-ball Pool. FORTY- ONE POOL. Forty-one Pool is played with a regular Fifteen-ball Poo] set of balls, the object of play being to pocket a sufficient number of the pool balls which added to the private small ball shall score exactly 41. The Rules. 1. The order of playing is determined through throwing out the small numbered balls as in regular ball pool. The balls which determine the private ball of the players are then thrown out and are generally numbered from 6 to 18. No one other than the player is sujjposed to know the number of the private ball. 2. Each player plays in turn, one shot to an inning, count- ing all the balls he may get on that shot — the number on each bali being added to the number of his small balL 3. When exactly 41 is made, the player or game-keeper declares pool, and the player the most distant from 41 is de- feated. 4. Pool is also declared when all balls are pocketed from the table. The nearest to 41 is the winner ; the most dis- tant is the loser. 5. A miss or pocketing the white ball is a scratch, and the player so doing owes a ball to the table, besides what he may 76 BILLIARDS AND POOL. have scored on that shot. If he has more than one ball in his rack, he can spot the one he prefers ; if he has none, spot the first one which he may pocket. Should he pocket more than one ball on his next shot he can spot the one he elects. 6. If a player gets more than 41, it is a burst, and all the balls he has scored must be spotted; and the last ball pock eted must be placed nearest to and in the rear of the spol etc. In such cases, the player can have a new small ball if ha elects. 7. In playing for safety, a player must cause the white ball to go to the cushion before or after hitting a ball ; failing to do so, he is penalized a scratch. 8. A player having no ball in his rack is worse off than one with a ball, regardless of its number or the number of the small ball he may have, and a player owing a ball is still worse off. A player making a burst and not declaring it must be credited with no ball. The rules governing the American Four-ball Game of Bill- iards, not conflicting with the above, govern this game also, push shots and frozen balls excepted. H1GH-LO YV-JAClv-GAME. This game is played with a set of balls the same as used in Fifteen-ball Pool. Any number of persons may play, the order of play being determined b* the rolling of the jmall numbered balls. The fifteen-ball is High ; the one-ball is Low ; the nine-ball is Jack ; and the highest aggregate is Game. Seven points generally constitute a game. In cases where players havo one and two to go to finish game, the first balls holed count out first, be they High, Low, or Jack. In setting up the pyramid the three counting balls — High, Low, Jack — are placed in the centre, with High at the head o) the three named balls, the other balls as in regular Fifteen- ball Pool. When players have each one to go, instead of setting up an A COMPLETE HANDBOOK OF 77 entire frame of pyramids, a ball is placed at the foot of the table, in direct line with the spots, and at a distance from the lower cushion eqnal to the diameter of another of the pool balls. This ball must be pocketed by banking it to one or more cushions. The player who pockets the ball wins the game. The rules of the game of Fifteen-ball Pool for the Cham- pionship, not conflicting with any of the foregoing rules, gov- ern this game also. COLOR-BALL POOL. (life pool.) he White Ball is spotted. Red Ball plays upon White. Yellow . Red. Green Yellow. Brow n Green. Blue Brown. Pink Blue. Spot-white " Pink. Spot-red Spot-white. Spot-yellow " Spot-red. Spot-green " Spot-yellow. Spot-brown Spot-green, and White Spot-brown. Rules, authorized by the billiard association of great britain and IRELAND. i. The game of Pool is played by two or more players. A complete set of balls comprise the following: white, red, yellow, green, brown, blue, pink, spot white, spot red, spot yellow, spot green and spot brown. Any rest may be used. 2. As many balls as there are players must be put into a basket, i-,g BILLIARDS AND POOL. shaken and given out to each player by the marker. Then the players play progressively as the colours are placed on the mark- ing board. 3. At the commencement of every game the plain white must be spotted on the billiard spot ; red plays from the half-circle on white, yellow on red, and so on, each player playing on the last ball played with. Should a player lose a life by his own stroke, the next player plays at the nearest balls, and if the striker be i in hand, the distance shall be measured from the middle of the baulk line. 4. Each player has three lives at starting, except when players are handicapped. (See Rule 35.) 5. The baulk is no protection. 6. All strokes must be played with the point of the cue, other- wise the stroke is foul. 7. When the striker takes a life, he plays at the nearest ball, and in this manner continues his break; this applies in all cases. Should he pocket all the object balls, his ball is placed on the billiard spot, and the next player plays from hand. 8. The player who first loses his three lives is entitled to star the lowest number of lives denoted on the marking-board, but he must do so before the next stroke is played. In case there are only two players remaining in the pool, the privilege of starring ceases. 9. When there are more than two players, and less than eight, only one star is allowed; if eight or more players, two stars. It is possible for the same player to star twice, but he must lose his original lives and the lives obtained from the first star before he can do so. 10. In case two balls are holed by the same stroke, the player whose ball was played on has the option of starring. Should the player whose ball was played on decline to star, and more than two object balls are holed by the same stroke, the next player in order shall be entitled to star. 11. Should a player strike two balls simultaneously, he shall lose a life. A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK or 7Q 12. In case of measurement, should the distance be equal, the owners of the object balls shall draw lots for choice of whose ball shall be played on. In all cases the marker shall measure the distance between the balls. 13. Should a striker hole his own ball whether he pockets an object ball or not; force it off the table; make a miss; run a coup; play out of his turn ; hit a wrong ball first ; or play with a wrong ball (excepting when in hand, in which latter case no penalty attaches to the stroke), he loses a life. 14. If a player deliberately obstructs his opponent, or wilfully interferes with the balls, he shall lose all furfher interest in that game and his ball must be taken off the table. 15. Should the striker pocket the ball he plays on, or any other, and by the same stroke pocket his own ball, or force it over the table, he loses a life, and the owner of the other ball pocketed has no liability, and plays in his turn from hand. 16. Should a striker lose a life in any way, he pays forfeit to the owner of the ball he should have played on. 17. The following are foul strokes : touching a ball except when in hand ; and lifting both feet from the ground while playing. 18. A player cannot take a life by a foul stroke. 19. Should a player hole a ball by a foul stroke, the next player plays on the ball of his predecessor where it has stopped. 20. Should the striker's ball touch the one he has to play on, he cannot make a miss. The striker can play on any ball and score, but he cannot have a ball up. 21. When a ball touches the striker's ball, or is in a line be- tween it and the ball he has to play on so that it will prevent him hitting either side of the object ball, it must be taken up until the stroke is played, and replaced after the balls have ceased rolling, but if the ball be further away or equidistant with the object ball, the striker cannot have it up. 22. Should any ball be in the way of the striker or his cue or rest, so that he cannot play at his ball without a reasonable chance of making a foul, he may have it up. 23. If the corners of a cushion should prevent him playing in a direct line, he can have any ball removed f° r the purpose of play- ing at a cushion first. g Q BILLIARDS AND POOL. 24. If the striker has a ball removed and any other ball should stop on the spot it occupied, the ball removed must remain in hand until the one on its place be knocked away or be played with. Should it happen to be the turn of the one removed before the one on its place, the latter must give place to the one in hand, after which it must be replaced. 25. If the striker shall have the next player's ball removed, and his ball stops on the place it occupied, the next player must play from hand. 26. Should the striker's ball stop where a ball has been removed, the ball must remain in hand until the spot is unoccupied and then replaced. (See Rule 24.) 27. Any person requiring information respecting the game must obtain the same from the marker, who is the only authority. 28. Should a player be misinformed by the marker, he may play the stroke over again, but he cannot take a life. 29. Should a striker force any object ball or balls off the table, he does not take a life, and the balls knocked off are in hand until it is their turn to play. 30. Should a striker miss the ball played at, no one is allowed to stop the ball, the striker having no option. 31. Should the game be reduced to three players, and a striker lose a life and refuse to star, the two players left in divide when they have an equal number of lives. 32. There is no division at three pool. 33. Should a player score and touch a ball after the balls have ceased rolling, the next stroke is foul. 34. Should a ball drop into a pocket after being stationary, it must be replaced, and should a striker have played at the ball whilst it was dropping into the pocket, he can have the stroke played over again. 35. A player cannot star more lives than he began the pool with, nor more than the lowest number on the marking-board. 36. Should any person other than a player stop a ball or inter- fere with it, the ball must be replaced by the marker. 37. A player may demand that an opponent shall, to the satis- faction of the marker, stand a fair distance from the tab-e, and out of the line of sight, while he is in the act of playing. A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF o f 38. The marker shall not be allowed to tell a player how far he is "off" a ball, or inform him whether he is in a position for striking or not. 39. Should a spectator see the game wrongly marked, he may state the fact. •40. All disputes must be decided by the marker, whose decision is final ; and, if he does not know of the matter in dispute, the majority of the onlookers shall decide the case. SKITTLE POOL. Directions for Placing the Spots on the Table. In placing the spots on a 5 x 10 table first measure three and a half inches from the edge of the cushion on both sides of the table, at the head and foot, then take a chalked cord, which, by holding tight from points thus measured and snapping, 3 2 BILLIARDS AND POOL. will give a perfectly straight line. Then divide these lines into four equal parts from the straight line to the edge of the cushion at the foot, which will make the distance between the pins twenty-one inches. The white pin(six) is three inches from the dark-red spot, and the black pin one and three-quarters inch from that. The black pin on the right is one and three- quarters inch from the white (eight). The white (ten) and black pins on the string-line are seven inches from the spot. The spots marked with circles in diagram are for the white and spot balls. N. B. — Be particular to measure from centre to centre of spots and not from the outside. On a 4|- x 9 table the pins are placeed in the same position^ excepting the distance between the pins on right and left side is eighteen and three-quarter inches, and the distance between white (ten) and black pin from the spot is six inches. In putting on the spots hammer lightly. In the diagram the crosses represent the position of the black pins. Rules. 1. The game is played with ten white pins and three black pins. 2. Three balls are used, two white and one red. 3. Any number of persons can play, and the rotation is decided as in ordinary ball pool. ■ 4. The game is fifty points or more. 5. Each white pin knocked down by any ball which has struck another ball first counts a certain number, from three to ten. (The value of the various pins is shown in diagram.) 6. The red ball is spotted at the foot of the table adjoining white pin (six). 7. The first player is bound to play at the red ball with the spot ball, which is always spotted on the right-hand side.. 8. The second player is bound to play with the white ball, which is always spotted on the left-hand side, but he may play at any ball. 9. If the white ball has been displaced from its spot by A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF 8$ the first player, then the second player may play with any ball. 10. When the red ball is on its spot no player may play with it but only at it. 11. At other time players may play with either of the three balls. 12. If a player knocks down a black pin the whole of his score is rubbed out, and he must either retire from the game or pay a certain amount to the pool (to be fixed before play is commenced) for the privilege of continuing. This is then called bursting. 13. If the first player knocks down a black pin at his first stroke it does not count against him, but he cannot, in that case., score anything from the white pins he may knock down. 14. If during play an}' ball stops on the spot which should be occupied by a pin the ball must be replaced on the spot it originally occupied when play commenced. 15. A player may give two consecutive misses, but no more, if he gives a miss a third time it must be considered a burst. 16. No player can have more than one stroke in succes- sion. 17. Pins knocked down must be replaced before the next player strikes. A pin is considered " down " if it is entirely off its spot, or is leaning against a ball, cushion, or another pin. 18. Playing out of turn subjects the player to a loss of the points so made. 19. Should the three balls be so covered by the pins as to prevent their being played at, the red can be spotted after one miss is given. 20. Pushing the cue-ball is foul, knocking down a white pin before touching a ball is foul, and playing when the pins are not in position is foul. The rules as to foul shots in the Three- ball Game govern this game also. 84 BILLIARDS AND POOL. KELLY POOL. . 1. The game of Kelly Pool is played with fifteen numbered balls, and one white ball not numbered. The latter is the cue-ball, and the player plays with it from within the string at the head of the table, at the opening of the game, at any of the numbered balls, and afterward as he finds them on the table, but he must break or burst the pyramid on the first shot. 2. When the pyramid is arranged ready for the commence- ment, the marker or attendant throws each player two small numbered balls from a shake bottle. The first one indicates the rotation of the player while playing, and the second one the number of points in the game, to which he has to add un- til he secures thirty-one, which is game. Thus, if the second small ball received by a player is marked No. 9, he must gain twenty-two points from the balls on the table to secure the necessary number for game. Whoever first obtains an aggre- gate of thirty-one wins the game, and whatever stakes may be involved. The second small ball received by each player must be placed in a cup or receptacle as in pin-pool. 3. If a player holds balls whose aggregate number, when added to the number on the small ball which he drew, ex- ceeds. a total of thirty-one, he is then " burst " and must drop out of the game, unless a " privilege " is claimed. If this claim is made it must be before another stroke is made, as otherwise he can only re-enter the game by the consent of all the players. 4. Players having " burst " can claim a " privilege " as often as they "burst," and when "privilege " is granted, the player draws a new small ball from the marker, and has then the option either of keeping that which he originally drew, or accepting the new one then drawn ; but one or the other he must return, or else he cannot, under any circumstances, be entitled to the pool. 5. When a player " bursts " and a " privilege " is taken, the player «o "bursting" retains his original number in the A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF 85 order of its play. Thus, if there are ten players, and No. 2 " bui'sts," be appears again under privilege as No. 2. 6. If a player makes a scratch, and in doing so the object or any other ball other than the cue ball goes into a pocket, he shall forfeit three points from his score. The ball so holed must be spotted back of the pyramid, if that still remains partially intact, or upon the spot, if the balls are scattered, or immediately following any ball that may be upon the spot at the time. 7. If a player has made thirty-one he must proclaim it be- fore the next stroke is made ; for which purpose a reasonable delay must be allowed for calculation between each play, more especially in the latter portion of the game. But if a player has made thirty-one, and fails to announce it before next play (a reasonable time having passed), then he cannot proclaim the fact until the rotation of play again comes round to him. In the meanwhile, if any other player makes the number and proclaims it properly, he is entitled to the pool, wholly irrespective of the fact that the number was made, though not proclaimed, before. 8. A player cannot use any count he may have made by playing out of his turn ; but if he has made balls enough to " burst " him by such stroke, the loss is established, unless in cases where he was called on to play by some other of the players, or the marker, who either believed or pretended it was his turn. In such case he cannot be "burst" by his stroke, and he whose turn it was to play, plays next in order. 9. A player taking a " privilege " is entitled to a stroke to secure his stake to the pool. 10. It is the duty of each player to see that he is credited with the proper number of points by the marker after each stroke, and no claim can be allowed after a succeeding stroke has been made without the consent of all the phrvers. 11. The game-keeper shall collect the pool and make up the game, deal out the small balls to the players, see that the halls are placed properly in posilionj and that there are no more small balls out than there are players in the pool, and if any ball or balls are missing, to proclaim the number or num- bers to the players, as the pool cannot be won by such balls ; call out each number in its turn to the players, and proclaim, 86 BILLIARDS AND POOL. loud enough fox* bin* to hear it, the number the player already counts from balls holed. 12. No person is considered in the game unless his pool be paid in. 13. A ball whose centre is on the string-line must be re- garded as within the line. 14. If the player pocket one or more of the object-balls, land his own ball goes into a pocket, or off the table from the stroke, he cannot score for the numbered balls, which must be placed on the spot known as the deep-red spot, or, if it be occupied, as nearly below it as possible on a line with that spot, the highest numbered balls being placed the nearest ; and he forfeits three for pocketing his own ball, or driving it off the table, or missing all balls. 15. A ball going into a pocket and rebounding again upon the table is to be regarded in the same light as if it had struck the cushion, and is not to be counted as a pocketed ball. 16. Tue rules governing championship fifteen-ball-pool and pin-pool, when they do not conflict with the foregoing rules, will govern all other points that may arise in the game. A COMPLETE ITAND-BOOK OF 87 BOTTLE POOL. The game of Cottle Pool is played on a pool table with one white ball, the 1 and 2 ball, and pool-hot lie. The 1 and 2 balls must be spotted, respectively, at the foot of the table, at the left and right diamond nearest each pocket, and the pool- bottle is placed standing on its neck on the spot in the centre of the table, and when it falls it must be set up, if possible, where it rests. Counting. Carrom on the two object-balls counts 1 point; Pocketing the 1 ball counts 1 point ; Pocketing the 2 ball counts 2 points, Carrom from ball and upsetting bottle counts 5 points. Rules. 1. Any number of persons can play, and the rotation of the players is decided as in ordinary pool. 2. The game consists of 31 points. 3. Player No. 1 must play with the white ball from any point within the string at the head of the table, at either the 1 or 2 ball at his option. 4. The player having the least number of points at the finish of the game shall be adjudged the loser. 5. The player who leads must play at and strike one of the object-balls before he can score a carrom on the pool-bottle. 6. A player who makes more than 31 points is burst, and must start his string anew ; all that he makes in excess of 31 points count on his new string, and the next player plays. 7. If a player carrom on the bottle from either of the ob- ject-balls, in such a way as to seat the bottle on its base, he wins the game, without further play. 8. Should the 1 or 2 ball in any way, during the stroke, touch the bottle and the bottle is in the same play knocked over or stood on its base by the cue-ball, the stroke does not count. 9. If the player forces the bottle off the table or into a pocket, the bottle must be spotted on its proper spot in the centre of the table, the player loses his shot and forfeits one point, and the next player plays. S3 IULLTARDS AND POOL. 10. The player must play with the tip or point of his cue. 11. After a ball has been pocketed, if it, be the 1 ball it must be spotted on the red-ball spot at the foot of the table ; if that be occupied the ball shall then be spotted at the 1-ball spot at the diamond ; if that be occupied it shall be spotted At the 2-ball diamond. 12. The player making a foul stroke shall lose his shot, and shall also forfeit one point, which must bfi deducted from his string. (1) A foul stroke shall be when the player misses both ob- ject-balls. (2) When the player misses both balls, and knocks down the bottle. (3) When the player knocks down the bottle with the object-ball, his cue, his hand, or with his cloth, ing. (4) When the cue-ball is forced off the table or into a pocket. (5) When the bottle is forced off the table or into a pocket. (6) When the player knocks down the bottle witlj the cue-ball before coming in contact with an object-ball. (7) If the player has not at least one foot touching the floor. 13. Whenever the bottle is knocked over and cannot be spotted on its neck without coining in contact with an object- ball, it shall then be spotted on its proper spot ; if that be occupied it shall then be spotted on the red-ball spot ; if that be occupied, on the white-ball spot. 14. When a player in playing knocks the bottle off the table or onto a cushion with one of the object-balls, the player does no1k forfeit a point, but forfeits his shot and the next player plays 15. Whenever the bottle-spot is occupied bj' an object-ball the bottle shall be spotted on the red-ball spot ; if that be oc cupied, on the white-ball spot. 16. If a player has made thirty-one points he must proclaim it before the next stroke is made, for which purpose a reason* able delay must be allowed for calculation, especially in the latter portion of the game ; but if a player has made thirty, one points and fails to announce it before the next play, he then cannot proclaim the fact until the rotation of play again comes round to him ; in the meanwhile, if any other player makes thirty-one points and proclaims it properly, he is entitled to the pool, wholly irrespective of the fact that the number was made, though not proclaimed before. -1 COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OP 8q When played <>n a carrom table a white cue-ball :mall he cannot win a pool. A player who bursts and re-enters as above described retains his original place in the order of playing. 7. Should one or more of the pin spots be occupied by any one of the balls, the pin must remain off the table until the spot is again uncovered. Pool Most Be Proclaimed. 8. When pool (31) has been made, it must be proclaimed before the next player's stroke is made, and after each shot reasonable time shall be allowed for calculation ; but if a player, having made 31, fails to announce it before the next stroke is made, he cannot claim pool until his turn to play comes again, and if in the meantime pool is made and properly proclaimed, the player so making and proclaiming it is entitled to the pool, regardless of the fact that pool has been previously made and not proclaimed. 9. A pin shall not bo counted unless (1) it has been knocked down, or (2) removed entirely clear of the spot on which it stood, though remaining perpendicular. In any other i'ase the pin must be replaced on its spot. Playing Out of Turn. 10. A count is void if made by a player playing out of his turn, but maybe scored against the player if he thereby bursts, except that, incase he was called upon to play by some one of the players or by the marker, he cannot be burst by the stroke ; and is entitled to play when his turn comes. 11. Pins do not count if knocked down by a ball whose i course has been illegitimately interfered with, nor if knocked d< >wn by any other ball set in motion by the same play. Pins knocked down by a ball set in motion by a stroke on which another ball jumps off the table must be reckoned. Should the striker intentionally interfere with any ball after it ia in motion, he shall be burst, regardless of his count. 9 2 BILLIARDS AND POOL. Correction of the Score. 12. The player must see to it that he is credited by the, marker with pins made after eacn stroke, and, unless by con- sent of all the players, no correction of the score shall be made after a succeeding stroke has intervened. 13. Unless his ball be deposited in its proper place in the board, a player shall not be entitled to pins knocked down by him. I 14. A player must look after his own interests, and. if k'H plays before one or more of the pins be spotted, the stroke is void and his hand is out. 15. Should one or more of the small balls be missing, the game-keeper shall announce the fact, and pool cannot be won on a missing ball. 16. Pins do not count if knocked down by a ball in any manner interfered with, or as the result of any unfair or irregular stroke or action on the part of the player, except as provided in rule 11. 17. Pins do not count if knocked down by a player in the act of striking or otherwise than by the ball played with or at; in such case the stroke is forfeited and no pins are counted. 18. All points not herein provided for are to be referred to the game-keeper, whose decision shall be final. SSJS A COJd.Pl.JiTli HAi^JJ-JJOOK OS Vo RED, WHITE, AND BLUE. fhe game of lied, White, and Blue is played on an ordi- jary carrom billiard -table with three balls, colored respect- ively red, white, and blue, and three pins of corresponding colors. The red pin is placed upon the red-ball spot at the foot of the table, the white pin upon the centre spot, and the blue pin upon the white-ball spot. Looking from the head of the table toward its foot, or lower end, the red ball, at the opening of the game, is placed against the cushion at the foot of the table and immediately opposite the right hand diamond sight ; the blue ball is placed against the same cush- ion opposite the left hand diamond sight. The white cue- ball is in hand. The object of the game is to knock down 3ach piu with a ball of corresponding color, and the rotation m which the pins must fall is red, white, and blue. Carroms do not count. The white cue-ball is played, in opening the game, from any position within the sis-inch semicircle at the head of the table, and at the red ball, which ball must knock down the red pin on that stroke in order to effect a count. The following rules are to be observed in playing the game : 1. The order of precedence is determined, for the first game, by banking or otherwise, and the winner of each game must play first in the succeeding game, the other players re- taining their same relative positions. Each player continues his iuning until he fails to score, and the game is at an end when the three pins have been scored in their routine of color. 2. After the opening stroke each player, in his turn, can play with any ball, and can either carrom on a pin, through U3ing the ball of the color of the pin for his cue-ball, or can drive the proper colored ball against that pin with another ball. 3. It is a burst if a pin is knocked down out of its rou- tine of color, or with a ball other than one of its own color. In either case the striker loses what pins he may have previously scored, and when his turn again comes to play, he must begin at the red pin as at tfc Q opening of the g| 94 BILLIARDS AND POOL. 4. A double or triple shot, i. c, where two or three pins are knocked down, can be scored when each pin is knocked down with the ball of its own color. Should the red and the white pins be made on such a stroke, it would only be necessary to obtain the blue pin to win the game ; but the white and blue pins could not be scored unless the red had first been knocked down.. In a handicap game, where one player plays more than the three regular pins, that player may score a double or triple shot on an}' two or three pins which he may need, providing either the one or both which fall, as the case may be, are next in order of color to the one which he last scored. 5. It is a foul and no count can be mad 3, nor can a player burst, when the cue-ball knocks down a pin before hitting an- other ball. In such an event and when no ball is hit by the cue-ball, the latter must be spotted on the pool-spot at the foot of the table, and the nest player whose turn it is plays. The same rule applies, except that the cue-ball is not to be spotted when a pin is knocked down through any fault of the striker, with his hand, his cue, or with anything else while in the act of delivering his stroke. Should one pin be knocked down by another, the shot is void, but no count can be scored, nor can the striker be forced to a burst ; but the striker is deprived of his inning, and the next player whose turn it is plays. 6. Should a player play out of his turn the stroke is foul, and the balls must be replaced by the marker as near as pos- sible to their original position, and the next player whose turn it is plays. But should the striker have made more than one stroke without correction, he must be permitted to con- tinue his inning, and his score in that inning must be reck- oned and must be placed to his credit. Having had his in- ning he cannot play again when his regular turn comes, but he must wait for his regular turn to come around the second time. " 7. The striker has the right to demand of the next player what pin he wants, but it is not fair for any other player to prompt the striker, by hint or otherwise, as to his mode of play, or as to the pin the succeeding player may need. A COMPLETE HANDBOOK OF 95 8. Push shots .ire allowed, and in case of "frozen" balls the striker can play with either of the balls so " frozen " or touching each other, direct at the pin needed, and he can score any pin so knocked down by a ball of its own color. 9. The rules of the Three-ball Carrom Game of Billiards, not conflicting with the foregoing rules, govern this game also. Notes to the Above Rules. Introduced by one of the leading clubs of New York City, and adopted by all. Should a ball occupy a spot which belongs to a pin, both the ball and pin must be placed on their respective spots. A burst must be paid in to the pool keeper immediately upon its occurrence, and previous to the succeeding play. As touching a ball in any way otherwise than with a fair stroke with the point of the cue is foul, an offending player is required to pay one chip into the pool. An extra pin which has been colored red, white and blue is provided, which is placed upon a spot at the head of the table, which spot is fixed five inches from the end cushion and on a direct line with the other spots. Should a player knock the red, white and blue pin down with either the cue or an object-ball, he is required to call for refreshments for the party. Should the striker, after the fair delivery of his stroke, knock down the colored red, white and blue pin, either with his cue, his hand, his arm, his clothing, or with anything else, it is foul, and he is required to call for refreshments for the party. But if the red, white and blue pin should fall or should be knocked down through any fault of the player whose turn it is, previous to the delivery of his stroke, the fallen pin must be replaced, and the player whose turn it was must then play his stroke. It is foul and no count can be made, and the offending player must pay a chip into the pool, when the cue-ball knocks down a pin before hitting another ball, and the cue-ball must be placed upon the pool-spot before the next player whose turn it is plays. When a pin is knocked down by the strik r after the fair de- jivery of his stroke, either with his hand, or with his cue, or with g6 BILLIARDS AND POOL. anything else other than a ball of its own color, it is foul, no count can be scored, the pin must be replaced, the offending player is deprived of his inning, and he must pay one chip into the pool. Should a player previous to his stroke, or while in the act of delivering his stroke knock down a pin, either with his hand, his cue, or with anything else, the pin must be replaced, the offend- ing player is deprived of his inning, and he must pay one chip into the pool, and the next player whose turn it is plays. When the striker fails to hit an object-ball with the cue- ball, the latter must be placed upon the pool-spot, the offend- ing player must pay one chip into the pool, and the next player whose turn it is plays. Should one pin be knocked down by another, the stroke is void, no count or burst can be made, the offending player must pay one chip into the pool, and the next player whose turn it is plays. Should a player be detected in the act of .'playing out of his turn, the shot is foul, and is provided for in Rule 6 ; the offending player must pay one chip into the pool, and the next player whose turn it is plays. It is foul for a player to prompt another in any way as to his mode of play or as to the pin the next player may need, and the offending player must pay one chip into the pool. It is a burst, and the offending player must pay a chip into the pool, if a pin is knocked down out of its routine of color, except as provided for in Rule 4, or with a ball other than one of its own color. The offending player loses all the pins he may have scored or which have been placed to his credit, and when his turn comes around again to play he must begin again at the red, as at the opening of the game. A double or triple shot, i.e., when two or three pins fall, can only be scored where each pin, in accordance with the spirit and intent of the game (Red, White, and Blue), is knocked down by a ball of its own color. All penalties must be enforced immediately on being de- clared and previous to the stroke which succeeds that which occasions the penalty. The rules of Pin Pooi and those of the regular Three-ball A COMPLETE HAND-HOOK OF 0,7 Game govern this game, except where they conflict with the foregoing rules, but the rules of Pin Pool take precedence over the Three-ball Game in determining questions which (may arise during a game of Red, White, and Blue. 98 BILLIARDS AND POOL. BED, WHITE AND BLUE AS PLAYED IN CHICAGO. Still another modification of the game, differing in many respects from the rules given above, as played in Chicago, where the game of Ked, White and Blue is extensively played, is as follows : The blue pin occupies the billiard spot at foot of table, the red pin a spot in centre of table, and the white pin the billiard spot at head of table. The balls at opening of game are spotted, the blue against the cushion opposite the right-hand diamond at foot of table, and the red against the left-hand diamond. The white ball is in hand. The object of the game is to knock down the pins with the balls of corresponding color, and the rotation to be observed is blue, red and lastly white. The white ball is therefore played, in opening the game, from any position in the string, against the blue ball, which must knock down the blue pin. The following are the rules to be observed : 1. The order of precedence is determined for the first game by banking or otherwise, and the winner of that game will play first in the next, the others retaining their same relative positions. The striker continues his inning until he fails to score. 2. The player can, after the opening shot, play with any ball, and can either carrom on to the pin or drive the proper ball against it with another ball, as in pin pool. 3. It is a "burst" if any pin is knocked down out of its proper order (except in case of a double shot, as per rule 4), or with the wrong ball, or when it has been already obtained. In such a case the player loses all pins made, and must begin again at the blue when his turn next comes. 4. A double or triple shot can be scored when each pin is obtained with its proper ball, providing neither of the pins so scored has been made before, and in such case it is-immaterial which is obtained first. Should the blue and the white pins be made on such a shot, it is only necessary to obtain the red pin to win the game; but the red and white pins could not fo& A COMPLETE HAND I'.ooK OF 99 made unless the blue had firs! been scored on a previous shot. Tn the case of a handicap, in which one player plays more than the regular three pins, he may score a, don hie shot on any two pins he may Meed, providing one of them is the next in order to the one be last obtained. 5. It is a foul, and no count can be made, nor can a player burst when the cue ball knocks down a pin before hitting another ball.. In such a case, or when no ball is hit by the >Mie ball, the latter is to be spotted on its proper spot. (The S[> >l for the white ball is the pin pool spot at foot of table.) The same rule applies when any pin is knocked down through any fault of the player, by touching with his hand or cue, in the act of making a shot, except that the cue ball is not to be spotted. Should one pin he knocked down by another, the shot is foul, and no count or burst can be made. Should a ball occupy a pin spot, the striker must so play d,s to uncover the spot and allow the pin to be spotted. G. Should a player play out of his turn, the shot is foul, and the balls must be replaced as nearly as possible. But should he have made more than one shot without correction, he c< intinues to play, and his score in that inning must be count- ed. But he cannot play after missing, until all the others have had their turn, and his order of play must remain the same as that assumed by mistake. 7. The striker has the right to demand of the next player what pin he wants, but it is not fair for any other player to caution the striker, by hint or otherwise, as to the pin the next player may need. 8. A push shot is allowable, and in case of frozen balls one may be played away from the other, or directly at the pin needed, if possible. 9. Excepting where they conflict with the foregoing, the rules of Pin Pool and of the Three-ball Carrom Game govern the Game of Red, White and Blue. IOO BILLIARDS AND POOL. TWO-PIN POOL. This game is played with a hlack and white pin, and three balls, two white and one red, which are spotted as in five- pin pool. The black pin is set up on the left of the centre spot, on that spot where the three-pin belongs in regular Five-pin Pool, and the white pin is set up on the right of the centre spot, or where the two-pin belongs. The spots are placed five inches apart, measuring from centre to centre of each spot. The balls are spotted as in Five-pin Pool, with the red upon the red-ball spot at the foot of the table, and the white upon a spot placed nine inches from the foot cushion. 1. He who plays first plays the cue-ball from any position within the string at the head of the table, the string being all that portion of the table lying back of the second sights upon the side-cushion rails, counting from the head of the table as in Fifteen-ball Pool. 2. Any number of persons may play, their order of play being determined by the rolling out of the small numbered ball as in Fifteen-ball Pool. 3. The game is usually played for an agreed amount per ball. 4. Either object-ball may be hit first vith the cue-ball in opening the game, after which any ball may be used for the cue-ball as in regular Five-pin Pool. 5.- To score successfully the striker must knock down tho white pin after first hitting an object-ball, as in five-pin pool, and when successful, each player in the game pays him tho amount agreed upon per ball. Carroms do not count. 6. Should the striker knock down the black pin only, he pays each of the persons in the game the amount agreed upon per ball and the next in turn plays. 7. When both pins fall it is a stand off — nothing won, nothing lost. 8. The striker plays until he fails to score, after which the next in turn plays. 9. After each successful score and settlement per ball, the balls are spotted and a new pool begun. A COMPLETE II AND-liooK OF TOT 10. All other play is governed by the rules of regular Five-pin Pool, where said rules do not conflict with those herein laid down. THE LITTLE CORPORAL. This game is the regular Three-ball Caronr Game with a small pin added, like those used in Pin Pool, which is set up iu the centre of the table. The caroms and forfeits count as in the regular Three-ball Game, but the knocking down of the pin scores live points for the striker, who plays until he fails to effect a carom or knock down the pin. 1. A ball must be hit by the cue-ball before the pin can be scored ; playing at the pin direct is not allowed. 2. The pin must be set up where it falls ; but in case it goes off the table or lodges on the top of the cushion it must be placed upon the centre spot. 3. The pin leaning against the cushion must be scored as down, and when the pin lodges in the corner of the table, so that it cannot be hit with the ball, it is to be set up on the centre spot. 4. One hundred points generally constitute a game, but smy number of points may be agreed upon. BOUCHON POOL. The game of Bouchon (cork) is of French origin and is a favorite game with the Parisians. It is played with three billiard-balls, two white and one red, and three corks, the lat- ter being cut at least 3 f inch in length, and perfectly true 102 BILLIARDS AND POOL. and level at their ends, that they may stand directly upright. Common, straight bottle-corks are generally used and they are set up on the spots which are used in the regular Three- ball Game of Billiards, the pool-cork being placed on the spot in the centre of the table. The game is usually played for a stake, the amount generally being either ten or twenty- five cents per head, and any number of persons may partici- pate. The pool money is piled or stacked up on the top of the centre cork. The red ball is placed on the pool-spot at the foot of the table, said spot being fixed as in the Four- ball and Pin Pool games, five inches from the end cushion and on a direct line with the other spots. The white ball^ in leading are played in turn from the six-inch semi-circle or radius at the head of the table, the purpose of the player being to drive the object-ball to one or more cushions anr the play- er fails to hit another ball the penalty is the same as in Rule 8. 11. When the cue ball is in hand it must be played from within the string at the head of the table on any ball outside the string, a ball on the string line, if more than one-half out, may be played upon. If no balls are outside, the player must bank for them, playing from within the string. , 12. No shove shots are allowed, all shots must be played with one foot on the floor, the penalty for each is the same as in Rule 8, the bridge may be used. 13. If the cue ball stops on a spot, the pool ball belonging on this spot must be placed on the vacant spot furthest from the cue ball, but if all three spots are occupied, it must be placed on rail furthest from cue ball. If a pool ball is on a pool ball spot, the pool ball in hand must be placed on the spot furthest from the cue ball. 14. If the player makes any foul or penalty strokes and his attention is not called to it by his opponent before his next stroke, he continues the same as if they had not been made. COW-BOY POOL. The following rules for the government of the game are the result of a joint commit Ice of representatives of the following Liuis: Somerset, Puritan, University, Algonquin, St. Botolph, Tavern, Union, and the Boston Athletic Association, Boston, Mass. 1. The game is played by two or more contestant*;, on a I06 BILLIARDS AND POOL. pool table, with one cue ball and three colored balls numbered respectively i, 3 and 5. 2. At the commencement of the game the ball numbered 1 shall be placed on the spot at the head of the table, the ball numbered 5 shall be placed on the centre spot, and the ball numbered 3 shall be placed on the lower spot, and whenever any object ball is pocketed or forced off the table it shall be replaced on the original spot, except as provided for in Rule No. 12. 3. The opening player may play from any point within the string line he may choose, but must play upon the No. 3 ball before striking any other, or forfeit his hand. 4. The winner is the player who first accomplishes the main object of the game, which is to score 101 points by the "Cow-Boy method," which is that the first 90 points may be scored by either carroms or the pocketing of one or more of the numbered balls, which shall count that number for the player; the scoring of a single carrom shall count I, and a double 2. 5. On arriving at the exact number of 90 points, the con- testant must next obtain 10 more points by carroms only; and having arrived at the score of 100, the last point must be ob- tained by playing the cue ball onto the No. 1 ball and thence into any pocket he may designate, without touching either of the other balls, however, and should the cue ball enter any other pocket, the hand is out and the run, if any, lost. 6. Any point made by a player and scored for him, by either the marker or himself at the completion of any hand can never be lost; but should a player at any time make a scratch, miss or foul, any points previously made by him in that hand shall be lost and the hand shall pass. 7- At the completion of the first 90 points all the balls must come to rest on the table before the player makes his next stroke; otherwise the following stroke shall be a foul. 8. At the completion of 100 points the balls must all come to rest before the player makes his next stroke j otherwise the stroke is foul. A COMPLETE HAND BOOK OF IO^ g. Should a player pocket the cue ball twice in succession without striking any object ball he shall forfeit the game. :o. Should a player while upon his carroms pocket any ball, the hand is out, and he loses any points he may have made on that run. • 11. Whenever, except on the final stroke, the cue ball is pocketed or forced off the table, the hand is out, the points scored on that run are lost, and the cue ball is in hand for the following player, who must play on a ball outside the string line, or else on some point of the cushion outside the line. 12. Should the spot on which any pocketed ball belongs be occupied, said ball shall be left off the table until the spot is free and the balls are at rest, with this exception — that should the 1 ball be pocketed, and its spot occupied, any player who is exactly 100, and whose turn it is to play, may demand that all the object balls be spotted and he shall play with ball in hand. 13. It is a foul if the player touch any ball with his person or clothing. It is a foul if he strike the cue ball twice or with anything but the point of the cue. It is a miss if he shoot without causing the cue ball to strike any object ball. It is a scratch if he cause the cue ball to enter a pocket except on the 101st point, or leave the table. 14. Carroms obtained by pushing during the first 90 points are legitimate, but not during the following ten points ; and the 101st shot must be a clean stroke, and a push shot will not be allowed. 15. When a player is 100, should he fail to strike the 1 ball his hand is out and his run, if any, forfeited. 16. During the first 00 points, should the cue ball be frozen to an object ball, and if by a push causes the object ball to move, any resulting carrom shall be valid. If, however, the frozen object ball fails to move, it shall be considered as not having been touched except that should the cue ball strike a cushion, it shall not be a scratch. 17. Any cases not covered by these rules shall be governed as far as possible by the accepted rules of pool and four-ball . billiards. ~I08 BILLIARDS AND POOL. The following cases and decisions may assist in explaining the intention of the rules : Case A.— A player is 85 and plays, pocketing the 5 ball, and his cue ball then carroms on another ball. Decision : — His hand is out and the run forfeited because the balls did not come to rest at 90. Case JB. — A player is 99 and carroms from the 3 ball to the 1 ball, and his cue ball then goes into a pocket. Decision :— His hand is out and the run lost as above. Case C. — A player is 99 and makes a carrom, but leaves the balls lined up, and in endeavoring to strike the 1 ball hits the 3 only. Decision : — Hand out and run lost under rule 15. Case D. — A player is 89 and scores a double carrom. Decision : — Hand out and run lost. A. COMPLETE HAND-BOOK i)F IO9 RULES OF POOL FOK 31 POINTS. Played on the Parisian Pool Board. When played for thirty-one points, a burst is declared when that number is surpassed, as in Pin Pool. 1. Player number one strikes the ball from within the string, making it take one or more cushions, and return to lodge in one of the caps on the board, its number being placed to his credit. As to what constitutes a shot see Rule 4 of La Barraque. Q. This being a difficult, though an interesting game, he whose aggregate of points made will have reached 31 points must declare himself as having made pool. Should a player having made pool not announce the fact before the next player shoots (a reasonable time having passed), he cannot claim it until it come his turn again, when he may call pool without striking a ball. But should any other player make pool in the meantime, and declare such in the proper way, the latter is entitled to the game, notwithstanding that pool had already been made. 3. A player having made over 31 points, being " bursted," may claim the " privilege," of re-entering the pool by paying the forfeit agreed upon at the start. He must, however, de- clare his intention of retaining his interest in the pool imme- diately upon bursting, and pay for his privilege, when he will resume his play when his regular turn comes. 4. A player cannot claim any counts he may have made by playing out of his turn ; but if he has made enough points to burst him by such stroke the loss is established, unless in a case where he was called upon to play by the game-keeper ; the offending player loses his turn, and the player whose turn it is plays. 5. In all cases not covered by these rules, the pool-keeper's judgment will be final HO BILLIARDS AND POOL. HIGH NUMBER POOL. Played on the Parisian Pool Board. 1. In speculating on High Number, each player will play in his turn, and he whose ball attains the highest numbered cup, each contestant in that pool having had one stroke, will be declared winner. 2. In case there should be a tie for the highest number, the player so interested will roll the ball, each in his proper turn, and he who reaches the highest numbered cups will be de- clared the winner of the tie. RULES OF PARISIAN POOL. (La Barraque.) 1. This game may be played by any number of persons } and, to decide their positions of play, each shall strike a ball, from inside the string, to one or more cushions, the object being to have the ball return and lodge in one of the num- bered cups on the board, i.e., a thick board of black walnut or other material of the width of the billiard-table is provided with a dozen or fifteen cup-holes, similar to a bagatelle table, which receives the balls. The edge of the board at its front is bevelled down to a sharp surface at the cloth which is cov- ered with sheet brass that the ball may not break the sharp edge of the board when it runs up the incline onto the board, and thus drops into one of the numbered cups. The player attaining the highest number is declared the winner. 2. The game consists of two hundred points, more or less, as agreed upon by the players. When one of the contestants has reached or surpassed that number of points, the game ia concluded, and the one having the lowest number of points to his credit must be considered the loser. 3. Each contestant will play in his proper turn, and will have but one shot at a time. The number of the cup he attains in said play will be placed to his credit. 4. For a shot to be valid the ball, after striking a cushion A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OB III outside of the string, must pass over the brass pla+e onto th%> board, where it may drop in a cup, remain motionless on the board's surface, or roll off again. Should the striker not sue, ceed in making the ball pass over the brass plate onto th» board, he may play on until he succeeds in doing so. MONTE CAELO. 1. The ball must be struck by the player with the tip end of the cue. 2. Each player is entitled to four chances, and the plays can be made in succession or alternating as may be preferred. 3. The total of the counts made in the four shots shall be the limit of the game. 4. After the ball has been struck and rolls beyond the gutter, but returns on account of being struck too lightly, it is called a shot. 5. The player making the lowest count in the four shots shall be the loser of the game, and shall be responsible for whatever forfeit may be decided upon. G. Every game must be settled for before another one is commenced. 7. The amount secured by each shot is indicated by the receptacle in which the ball stops. If the ball is struck, the extra ^ount made by it is added to the score of the player. PIGEON HOLE AND JENNY LIND. 1. For the purpose of ascertaining who should play first, it is necessary that each player take two balls in one hand and roll them toward the holes or pockets. Who counts most plays first, and then in rotation, from the highest number to the lowest. 2. Every player must place himself at the end of the table ; it is against the rules to plaj' a ball from the side of the table. 3. Nine balls are used, of which number eight are to be I I 2 BILLIARDS AiS T D POOL. white and one red. The red ball shall be placed upon the spot on the center of the table, and the player shall play his ball from within the line, which is drawn across the table from the first ivory sight on the edges. 4. The red ball, when pocketed or holed, counts double. 5. After the player has played two or more balls into the pockets or holes,. and there are no more balls upon the table s he is permitted, if he has more balls to play, to take the red one out, and again re-spot it. 6. No party is permitted to make use of the table for longer than three games in succession, if others are present who desire to play. 7. Any person who purposely throws or knocks balls from the table, ]oses the game. 8. One hundred points constitute a game, and the first one to count that number is the winner. "PAREPA." In the game of Parepa, the colored balls are numbered respectively, 10, 2C, 30, 40, 50, GO, 70, 80, 90, and 100. The numbered balls are aU placed upon the table so as to form a triangle, about 24 inches in front of the Parepa box. 1. Each game consists of 500 points, or such other num- ber as the proprietor of the table may establish as "rules of the house." 2. The order of playing may be determined by a toss, or by a single shot by each player, tbe one counting highest to lead, and the others following in their order. 3. The first player takes the white ball to make the first shot. If he succeeds in pocketing a colored ball, or caroms on a colored ball and pockets the white, he has a right to follow up his came as long as there are balls remaining upon tbe table, or until he makes game. 4. After the first shot, the player takes any ball he may A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK OF I 1 3 ehoose from those in the pockets. But if the first player fails to count, the second then ta.iesthe white ball from the table, leaving the others undisturbed ; and if he also fails, then the third player does the same, and so on. 5. All shots must be made from the head of the table, in- side the string. Each player counts the number on each ball he has pocketed, adding to it the number of the pocket in which the ball is found. BAGATELLE. In this game nine balls are used. Rules. 1. Any number may play, and either singly or on sides. 2. Each player strings for lead, and he who lodges his ball in the highest hole begins. 3. Tiie player who wins the lead takes possession of the nine balls and opens the game. 4. The black ball is placed on the spot in front of tlie first hole, and the player strikes from the balk at the black ball, and endeavors to put it, his own, or both balls, into hole or holes. 5. The black ball counts double, into whatever hole it falls. 6. The striker's ball must be placed within the balk-line, raid is struck with the cue at the black ball. The remainder i>f the balls are then driven up the board in a like manner, and the sum total of the holes made is the player's score. 7. Any number of rounds may be played for the game, as agreed beforehand. 8. The player (or side) obtaining the highest score wins. 9. Any ball rebounding beyond the balk-line, or forced over the board, is not to be again played during that round. I 1 4 BILLIARDS AND POOL. ENGLISH BAGATELLE. 1. Any number of persons may join in this game, and cau play either separately or with an equal number of players on each side. 2. The King Ball (which may be colored either red or black) is placed on the white spot in front of the holes, at the beginning of every round, and must in the first instance be struck by one of the other balls before there can be a score. After being once struck, however, it is not compulsory t« play upon it, 3. The striker's ball must be kept within a boundary line marked across the board. Should the striker in playing bring the red ball ov lg-the-Tailors . . 118 Euglish Championship Game 49 Family Circle, In the .8 Four Ball Carrom Game. . . .46 Foul Strokes, Denned 30 Frozen Balls . . . 32-48 Game, History of 5 Game Keeper, Duties of... 84 Illustrations 1-129 Introductory 3 Klondike 117 Little Corporal 101 Market, Duties of 53 Medals Awarded, Litho- graphic Pictures of . . . Back Caver Monte Carlo 1 1 r Needless, Bent 25 No Count Strokes , . . . 35 "Parepa" 112 Pigeon Hole and Jenny Lind in Players. Duties of . 53 PAGE Pool, American Pyramid. . .66 Pool, Bottle 87 Pool, Bounchon (Cork) .... 101 Pool, Bull-Dog 104 Pool, Rotation 70 Pool, Continuous. ....... . .55 Pool, Color-Ball (Life Pool) .77 Pool, Cow-Boy 105 Pool, English Pyramid. ... .68 Pool, Fifteen-Ball ...64 Pool, Forty-one 75 Pool, Gulf 116 Pool, High - Low - Jack Game 76 Pool, High Number no Pool, Kelly...... 84 Pool, Parisian (La Bar- raque) 1 10 Pool, Pin 89 Pool, Russian .122 Pool, Skittle 81 Pool, Snooker's 125 Pool. The B. B. C. Co. ... 120 Pool, Thirty-one IC9 Pool, Two-ball 71 Pool, Two-Pin 100 Progressive Carrom Game. 45 Red, White and Blue 93 Red, White and Blue (Chicago) 9S Referee, Duties of .36 Rooms, Dimensions of 14 Room-Keepers, 1 mportant to 22 Rules, A Code of 30 Safety, Play 31-33 Shuffle-Board 119 Sound Reasoning ....... ..10 Space Game . 44 Spanish-Game .54 Spectators, Duties of 53 Stock List 28 Table, Buying a 10 Table, Outfit for a 12 Tables, Accompaniments to ..15 Tables, Hints on Care of... 23 Three-ball Carrom Game... 33 Three Cushion Carrom Game 48 THE ONLY BILLIARD BOOK. ♦-•-♦ MODERN BILLIARDS. Published by THE BRUNSWIGK-BALKE-COLLENDER CO. A Complete Tfxt Book of the Game, containing plain and practical instructions how to tlay and acquire skill at this scientific amusement. Illustrated with Plates and Engravings, giving three hundred different strokes, and showing the best method of executing them, as practiced by the leading players of the day, also new standard rules and regulations governing the various games for amateurs and professionals. A manual giving the theories and principles of the various strokes, and of the game itself showing the proper attitudes and positions, directions for holding the cue, a full explanation of the table and all its accessories, hints to architects and builders regarding the billiard-room in dwellings or public places, particulars of cloth, leathers, cues, balls, and all the attendant ma- chinery, explanations of terms used, philosophy of the forces used in strik- ing the ball, and a large number of other valuable suggestions to assist in mastering the game and to improve the accomplished player. An interest- ing and reliable history of the origin and progress of billiards, profusely illustrated with handsome engravings showing the table at different epochs and the various changes made in it. A complete record of all prominent match and tournament games newly compiled from the best authentic sources. In fact, it is the most thorough and complete work ever published upon the subject, richly bound and embellished, and, aside from its practical usefulness, is an ornament to the library. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "Modern Billiards" is a complete text book of the game, containing plain and prac- tical instructions how to play and acquire skill at this fascinating game. * * * * In addition there are chapters on the history of billiards; on the proper dimensions of a room in which a table should be placed; on cues, how to put leather on the cue, and a number of other valuable hints to the inexperienced player. The book is an admir- able treatise on the game of billiards." — Advertiser. "Modern Billiards," a copy of which we have received, is profusely illustrated, and contains matter of much interest to amateurs and professionals." — Sportsman. "It is clearly expressed, and is illustrated with a great number of colored plates', showing the manner of making every important shot on the table." — N. Y. Sun. FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. PRICE, $1.00 Sent free by mail on receipt of price. tNDER Q). >$&? BY THE GREAT EXPOSITIONS Of THE. WORLD.