E178 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DDDDEHDIDEE .^"^^ ^" ^^o' QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON United <■ States ^ History, FOR THE USE OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS. By JOSIAH HUGHES, r^A^Jl?^IOR OF "the teachers' AND STUDENTS' C-'Sf^^ . "^; „ QUESTION BOOK." CHARLESTON, AV. VA. : R. W. VANDALP: & COMPANY. 1892. COPYRIGHT BY R. W. V AND ALE & COMPANY 1892. PFvESS OF BUTLtR PHINTiNG CGMPANY, CHARLESTON, W. VA. PREFACE. The following series of questions and an- swers on United States History Avas prepared to assist teachers and pupils in reviewing the subject, witliout reading all that the text- book contains. The teacher who gives frequent reviews to his classes wdll enjoy the satisfaction of know- ing that his pupils learn history — not merely read it. It is a fact in education, that reten- tion is tlie product of repetition and atten- tion. We learn facts, as v/e learn faces, by giving attention repeatedly to them. It has been the ambition of the author to present not only the facts of history, but also the philosophy of the subject. JosiAH Hughes. Charleston, W. Va., | January 1, 1892. j QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS — ON — Hnttcb States -E^istory. 1. Who were the Mound Builders? The Mound Builders were a race of people who inhabited parts of J^orth America prior to the Indians. 2. Why were the Mound Builders so named ? They were called "Mound Builders" be- cause they constructed many strange earth- works called mounds. 3. Where are these Mounds found? They are found in various parts of North America, but chiefly in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. 6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWEKS 4. What do these earthworks seem to represent ? Some aeem to have been designed as forti- fications, and others were probably intended for religions ceremonies or as monuments to the dead. A tew were built in the shape of serpents, of men or of animals. 5. What of the mound near Wheeling ? This mound is fifty rods in circumference, and ninety feet in perpendicular height. It is filled with thousands of human skeletons, and was probably situated near some great cit}^, and was a general deposit of the dead for ages— where they were placed in grada- tion, one layer above another, till they reach- ed the top. Judging from the large trees growing on the mound, amid old and decay- ed timber covered with mould and leaves, showing them to be of the second or third growth, it must have been at least twelve hundred years since it was constructed. — Guernsey's U. S. History. 6. What race of people followed the Mound Builders ? The Indians. 7. Why were the Indians so named ? ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 7 When Columbus touched land, in 1492, he believed he had reached India, and con- sequently called the natives "Indians." 8. What is the probable origin of the American Indians? Authors do not agree on this subject. Some have said that the race is of Jewish descent; others, Carthaginian ; others, Mon- golian ; and others, Welsh. Most authors agree that they descended from some Tar- tar, Mongolian, Siberian or Scythian race, and that they entered America by way of Behring's Strait, which was at one time a neck of land. 9. Name the four great famihes of Indians that were found east of the Mississippi. Algonquin, Iroquois, Appalachee, and Cherokee. 10. With what family of Indians did the first English settlers come in contact ? Algonquin. 1 1 . Where were the Algonquins found ? In the region of the Great Lakes, and alons: the Atlantic coast. 8 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 12. Name five branches of the Algonquin fam- ily found along the Atlantic coast. Delawares, Powhatans, Mohicans, Pe- qiiocls, and Narragansetts. 1 3. When and by whom was Greenland discov- ered? In 970, by Guubiorn, who sailed from Ice- land. 14. Who iDrobably visited the main-land of North America in 1001 ? Leif Erikson and Biorn, two Norwegians. It is supposed that they landed on an island near Cape Cod, and a permanent camp was made at Mt. Hope Bay, in Rhode Island, and the country was named Vinland. 15. When and where was Christopher Colum- bus born ? About 1440, in Genoa, Italy ; or possibly, according to recent discoveries, on the island of Corsica, which was then held by Genoa. 1 6. Sketch briefly the early life of Columbus. Columbus was the son of a wool-comber, and assisted his father until he was about fourteen years of age. He received a good education. He was very apt in geography, ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 9 astronomy, and geometry. He passed most of his youth and early manhood in study and travel. 17. What route was sought by the commercial men of Europe during the fifteenth century ? A near water route to India. 1 8. Why was a water route to the East Indies regarded practical? Because the various nations of Europe car- ried on an extensive trade with the East Indies. 19. Describe the route then used. The route was over the stormy Indian Ocean, and up the Red Sea to the Isthmus of Suez. Here the merchandise was transport- ed by land to the Mediterranean Sea. The route was long, expensive, and perilous. 20. What views did Columbus hold respecting the desired path ? Columbus believed the earth to be round, and that the East Indies could be found by sailing westward. 21. By whom was Columbus furnished with ships and other means for his voyage ? By Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain. 10 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 22. Give the names of Columbus's vessels. The Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. 23. From, what port did Columbus sail ? When? Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, Au- gust 3, 1492. 24. What discovery was made October 12, 1492? Columbus discovered the island of Guan- ahani, one of the Bahamas. 25. When did Columbus make his second voy- age, and what did he discover ? Columbus made his second voyage in 1493, and discovered Jamaica, Porto Eico, and other islands. 26. When and by whom was the main-land of South America discovered? In 1498, by Christopher Columbus. 27. What was the object of Columbus's fourth voyage, and what part of America did he explore? To find a near water route to India. He coasted along the shores of the Gulf of Mex- ico. 28. When and where did Columbus die? In 1506, at Valladolid, Spain. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 11 29. What four nations took an active part in exploring North America? Spain, En -2:1 and, France, and Holland. 30. Into vv^hat periody may U. S. History be divided ? Discovery, Colonization, Revolutionary, and Constitutional periods. Some authors give a less number, others a greater. 31. Name ten Spanish discoverers and explor- ers. Columbus, Vespucci, De Leon, Balboa, De Soto, Grijalva, De Ayllon, Magellan, Melendez, and Coronado. 32. Name four French discoverers and explor- ers. Verazzani, Cartier, Charaplain, and De Monts. 33. Name the most noted five English discov- erers and explorers. John Cabot, Sebastian Cabot, Humphrey Gilbert, Francis Drake, and Bartholomew Gosnold. S4. Wby was America so named? America was named for Amerigo Ves- pucci, who visited the country in 1499. 12 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 35. When and by whom was the continent of North America discovered? In the year 1497, by John Cabot, a Vene- tian merchant, and his son, Sebastian. 36. When and by whom was Florida discov- ered ? In the year 1512, by Ponce cle Leon, a Spaniard. 37. Wlien and by whom was the Pacific Ocean discovered ? The Pacific Ocean was discovered in 1513, by Balboa, a Spaniard. 38. Wlio discovered Mexico? When? Grijalva discovered Mexico in 1518. 39. For what is Magellan noted ? Magellan was the first European to sail upon the Pacific Ocean. He named it Pa- cific, because its waters appeared calm and peaceful. Magellan discovered the strait which bears his name (1520), and was also the first that sailed around the world. 40. Who was Fernando Cortez ? Fernando Cortez was a Spaniard. In three campaigns he completed the conquest of Mex- ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 13 ico, entered the city, and seized Montezuma, the ruler. 41. What Spaniard overthrew the Empire of Peru? Francisco Pizarro. 42. Who was Gasper Cortereal? Gasper Cortereal was a Portuguese. He sailed for America in the year 1500, and land- ed in the neighborhood of Maine. He sail- ed alono: the coast 600 miles. 43. Give a brief account of the explorations of John Verazzani. John Yerazzani was sent out (1524) by Francis I. of France to conduct an expedi- tion for the discovery of a north-west passage to India. He reached the American shore, near Cape Fear, and coasted as far as New- foundland. 44. When and by whom was the St. Lawrence River discovered ? The St. Lawrence Eiver was discovered in 1534, by Jacques Cartier, who sailed under a commission from the king of France. 45. When and by whom was California dis- covered ? 14 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS In 1532, by Grijalva, who also discovered Mexico, 1518. 46. By whom and when was Quebec founded ? Quebec was founded by Samuel Chaniplain, in 1608. 47. What discovery was made by De Soto? The Mississippi, in 1541. 48. What was the object of De Soto's expedi- tion ? Gold. 49. When and where did De Soto die, and how was he buried? In the year 1542, De Soto died of fever on the Mississippi, near the site of IN'atchez. His body was wrapped in his mantle, and sunk in the mighty river he had discovered. 50. Who were the Huguenots? Luther and Calvin had inaugurated the Reformation, by their preaching, and the Protestants were numerous in several of the European countries. In France they were followers of Calvin, and were called Hua^ue- nots. They were persecuted by the Catholics. 51. Why did the Huguenots come to America? '^IH' ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 15 To escape the persecutions which harassed thera in France. 52. Who was the leader of the Huguenots, and whom did he put in command of the emigrants? Admiral Coligny was the leader of the Huguenot party in France. He put John Ribault in command ot the emigrants. 53. Vv'here did the Huguenots make their final settlement? At the mouth of St. John's River, in Flor- ida. 54. What was their fate ? They were massacred by the Spaniards, led by Pedro Melendez. 55. When, where, and by whom was the first permanent settlement made in the United States ? The first permanent settlement in the United States was made in 1565, at St. Au- gustine, Florida, by Melendez. 56. When and where was the first permanent French colony established in America? In 1605, at Port Royal, N. S. 57. Who was the fatlK America ? Samuel Champlain. 57. Who was the father of French settlements in America? 16 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 58. When and where was New Sweden settled? In 1638, ou the Delaware Bay, at Wil- mington. 59. What is the second oldest town in the United States ? Santa Fe, New Mexico. 60. By whom and when was Santa Fe founded? By Espejo, in 1582. 61. What was the fate of Sir Humphrey Gil- bert? His ship foundered in a storm, and Gilbert, with all his crew, perished. 62. Who was the father of English colonies in America? Sir Walter Ealeigh. 63. Give the name of the first child born of English parents in America. Virginia Dare. 64. What did Gosnold explore, and what dis- covery did he make ? Gosnold explored the coast of Massachu- setts, and discovered Cape Cod in 1602. 65. Who was Henry Hudson? Henrj Hudson was an English navigator. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 17 and made his first two voyages in the service of a company of London merchants. 66. For what purpose was Hudson employed by the Dutch East India Company? To search for a north-west passage to the Indies. 67. What river did Henry Hudson discover? Give date. The Hudson River, in 1609. 68. What was Hudson's fate? His crew mutinied because of danger, and placed Hudson, v^ith his son and four loyal sailors, in an open boat, and abandoned them to their fate. It is supposed they perished in the Hudson Bay. 69. Locate the Spanish claims in America. Florida, which included all the south-east- ern part of the United States, and Nev>^ Mex- ico, which included the south-western part of t>ie United States. 70. What was the English claim ? Virginia, which extended from Florida to Labrador. England also claimed New Al- bion. 18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 71. WhcU was the Dutch claim ? New ^Netherlands, which extended from the Delaware River to the Connecticut. 72. Upon whose expedition did the Dutch base their claim? Henry Hudson's. 73. Upon whose expedition did Spain base its claim ? Spain based its claim chieflj upon the ex- pedition of De Leon. 74. By what right did the English claim Vir- ginia? The Cabots explored the Atlantic coast un- der the patronage of England. 75. Locate the French claims. New France, extending from New York to Labrador. The French also claimed the re- gion of the Great Lakes, and the Mississippi Valley. 76. When and by whom was the Ohio River discovered? In 1669, by La Salle. 77. Name four J.esuit missionaries. Marquette, Father Hennepin, Joliet, and La Salle. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 19 78. By what means was the territory of the United States acquired ? By discovery, conquest, aud purchase. 79. What two companies of England were granted patents, in 1606, to own and colonize most of the English claim in North America ? The Lotidou Company and the Plymouth Company. 80. What was the London Company? An association of noblemen, gentlemen, and merchants, residing in and about Lon- don. 81. What was the Plymouth Company? The Plymouth Company was an associa- tion of knights and gentlemen from Ply- mouth, in the western part of England. 82. Where Pvnd when was the first permanent English settlement made in America? At Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. 83. Who vras the most noted man of the James- town colony ? Capt. John Smith. 84. Why v/as Capt. John Smith arrested on the outward passage to America? " He was accused of planning to murder the 20 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS council and proclaim himself king of Vir- ginia. 85. Who was Pocahontas ? Pocahontas was the young daug-hter of Powhatan, chief of the Powhatan Indians. 83. Tell the story of Capt. Smith and Pocahon- tas. Capt. Smith was captured by an Indian party, and, carried to Opechancanough. He was taken before Powhatan the great chief. Smith was led to execution, but just as the warrior raised his club, Pocahontas, the young daughter of Powhatan, threw herself upon the prostrate body of Smith, and im- plored her father to release him. The heart of the savage king was touched with pity, and Smith was restored to his friends. 87. Who was John Rolfe ? John Rolfe was one of the Jamestown col- onists. He married Pocahontas, in 1613. 88. When and where was the first legislative assembly ever held in America? In the year 1619, at Jamestown. 89. W^hen and where was African slavery first introduced into the English colonies? ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 21 In 1620, a Datch trading vessel brought twenty Africans into James river. They were sold to the Georgetown planters as slaves. 90. What were the Navigation Acts? In 1660 the English Parliament passed laws giving England entire control of all the trade of the colonies. These laws were called l!^av- igation Acts. 91. For what are the years 1622 and 1644 noted in Virginia history ? For the two Great Indian Massacres. 92. Wiio was Opechancanoiigh, and what was his fate? Opecha:icanoiigh was a brother of Pow- hatan, a great Indian chief. He was taken prisoner, and died of a wound inflicted by one of his guards. 93. When was the "Starving Time" in Vir- ginia ? The winter of 1609-1610. 94. Name ten early governors of Virginia. Wingfield, Smith, Gates, Percy, Somers, Dale, Delaware, Argall, Yeardley, and Har- vey. 22 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 95. When did Virginia become a royal prov- ince? In 1624. 96. Who was governor^of Virginia during Ba- con's Rebellion? Sir William Berkeley. 97. Who was Nathaniel Baconj? Nathaniel Bacon was a bold, popular, and eloquent member of Governor Berkeley's council at Jamestown. 98. What was the cause of Bacon' s Rebellion ? Governor Berkeley refused to give Bacon a commission for war against hostile Indians, and Bacon went against them without any commission. Berkeley proclaimed him a rebel, and a civil war ensued. 99. What town was burned in Bacon's Rebell- ion? Jamestown. It was never rebuilt. Wil- liamsburg became the capital of the colony. 1 00. What was Bacon's fate? He died of a fever contracted by exposure in the swamps of Virginia. His death end- ed the rebellion. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 23 101. When and by whom was Harvard College founded ? In 1638, by Rev. John Harvard. 102. By whom was New England so named? By Capt. John Smith, who explored the coast in 1614. 103. When, where, and by what people was Massachusetts settled ? In 1620, at ISTew Plymouth, by the Pu- ritans. 104. Who were the Puritans? The Puritans were dissenters from the Church of England. 105. Who was the first governor of the Ply- mouth Colony? John Carver. 106. Mention the name of the vessel in which the Puritans came to America. The Mayflower. 107. Who was the "Indian Apostle" ? John Eliot, a young minister, who came from England to the Massachusetts Bay Col- ony in 1631. 108. Who was John Winthrop? 24 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, and founder of Boston. 109. What colonies formed a confederation called the "United Colonies of New England" ? Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and ]N^ew Haven. 110. What was the object of the union of the New England colonies? Mutual defense against the Indians, French, and Dutch. 111. When and by whom was Connecticut set- tled? In 1636, by Rev. Thomas Hooker and his congregation. 112. When and by what nation was New York first settled ? In 1614, by the Dutch. 113. Mention the names of the four Dutch gov- ernors of New York. Peter Minuit, Wouter Van Twiller, Sir William Kieft, and Peter Stuyvesant. 114. Who was Massasoit? Chief of the Wampanoags, a tribe of In- dians. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 25 115. What may be said of Massasoit's treaty with the Plymouth Colony? The terras of the treaty were few and simple, and remained inviolate for more than fifty years. Massasoit died in 1662. 116. Who was Canonicus? Chief of the ISTarragansetts. IIT. When and by whom was Rhode Island settled ? In 1636, by Eoger Williams. 118. Who led the colonial army against the Pequodsin 1637? Capt. John Mason. 119. W^ho was Miantonomoh, and what was his fate? He was a l^arragansett chief. He attacked the Mohicans, and was taken prisoner. Tin- eas, the Mohican chief, carved the living flesh from his bones. 120. Mention the name of a famous tree in Connecticut history. The '^Charter Oak." 121. When and by whom was Maryland set- tled? In 1634, by the second Lord Baltimore. 26 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 122. What was the object of the Maryland Col- ony ? To furnish an asylum for the persecuted English Catholics. 123. lu whose honor was Maryland named? In honor of Henrietta Maria, queen of England. 124. Who was William Clay borne? He was a surveyor of Virginia, who had obtained, prior to the grant of Maryland to Lord Baltimore, license to trade within the territory cut off for Maryland. He refused to submit to Lord Baltimore's rule. He raised a rebellion but was defeated, and his property was confiscated. 125. What was the "Toleration Act" ? A law passed by the assembly of Maryland, which provided that all Christian denomina- tions should be tolerated in Maryland. 126. Who was King Philip? The younger son, and the successor of Massasoit. He was chief of seven hundred Warapanoags. 127. When was King Philip's War? ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 27 The war commenced in 1675, and lasted one year. 128. What was thecause of King Philip's War? The execution of three Indians, of King Philip's trihe, bj the Plymouth people. 129. What was the result of t he War ? King Philip was killed, and his tribe was exterminated. 1 30. What college was founded in 1693 ? William and Mary, 131. When and where was Yale College found- ed ? In the year 1700, at Saybrook, in Con- necticut. 132. By whom was Pennsylvania settled ? By the Quakers, under the auspices of William Penn (1682.) 133. Who was George Fox ? Founder ot the Friends, or Quakers, a re- ligious society which arose in England about 1650. 134. What was the "Grand Model" ? 28 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The "Grand Model" was a plan of govern- ment for Carolina. 135. Who framed the "Grand Model"? The Earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke. 136. When and by whom was Georgia settled? In 1733, by James Oglethorpe. 137. In whose honor was Georgia named ? In honor of George the Second, who was at that time the reigning king of England. 138. Yv^hat was the object of the Georgia set- tlement? To found an asylum for the poor who were imprisoned for debt, and for the perse- cuted Protestants. 139. What noted ministers came over about 1736? John Wesley, Charles Wesley, and George Whitfield. 140. Which was the j'^oungest of the Thirteen Colonies? Georgia. 141. Me iction of p: In 1639, Stephen Day, an English printer, 141. Mention the time and place of the intro- duction of printing in America. ON UNITED STA.TES HISTORY. 29 set up the first printing press, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 142. What was the first newspaper published in the United States? The "Boston News-Letter." 143. By what name is the boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland known ? Mason and Dixon's Line. 144. Why was this line so named ? In honor of Mason and Dixon, two survey- ors, who ran the line. 145. Who was Capt. William Kidd ? Capt. "William Kidd was commissioned to help free the high seas from pirates. He proved faithless to his trust, and became a famous pirate. 146. What was Capt. Kidd's fate ? He was captured in Boston, and was hang- ed in London, 1701. 147. What delusion prevailed at Salem, Mass., in 1692? The Salem Witchcraft. 148. Name the inter-colonial wars ? 30 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS King William's, Queen Anne's, King George's, and the French and Indian. 149. Which of these wars was most important? The French and Indian War. 150. What was the cause of King William's War? In 1689, a war broke out in Europe, be- tween England and France. James II. was forced to leave the throne of England. He went to France, and the king of that country lent him an array ; this led to a contest which extended to their colonies in Amei-ica. 151. What treaty closed King William's War? The treaty of llyswick. 152. What was the cause of Queen Anne's War? Queen Anne's War was caused by an at- tempt made by England to prevent the union of France and Spain. In Europe it vvas call- ed the War of the Spanish Succession. 153. What treaty ended Queen Anne's War? The Treaty of Utrecht. 154. What was the cause of King George's War? ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 31 Disputes over the succession to the Aus- trian throne arose in Europe, and France and Ens^land espoused opposite causes. The War of the Austrian Succession, as it was known in Europe, extended to the French and English colonies in America. 155. How long did King George's War last, and by what treaty was it ended? It hegan in 1744, and lasted four years. It was ended by the Treaty of Aix-ia-Chapelle, in Prussia. 156. What were the chief causes of the French and Indian War? The alleged encroachments of the French on British possessions in America, or the conflicting claims of England and France. 157. What was the Ohio Companj^ ? The Ohio Company was composed of Eng- lish merchants and Virginia land speculators, among whom was Dinwiddie, governor of Virginia. 158. What grant was made to the Ohio Com- pany ? King George granted the company a large 82 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS tract of land between the Monongahela and the Kanawha rivers. 159. What was the immediate cause of the French and Indian War? The immediate cause was the attempt made by both England and France to secure possession of the Ohio valley. 160. When and where did the Ohio Company- establish their first trading post? In the 3'ear 1752, where Brownsville now stands, on the Monongahela. 161. How did the Frencli treat the traders? They made prisoners of the traders, and carried them to Canada. 16 To whom did Governor Dinwiddie send a letter explaining the English claims? To General St. Pierre. 163. By whom was this letter sent ? George Washington, a young Virginian. 164. What was General St. Pierre's reply ? He replied that he had taken possession of the country under the direction of the gov- ernor-general of Canada, and that he would ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 33 obey his instructions to expel every Engiish- mau from the Ohio valley. 165. Give a brief sketch of Fort Du Quesne. Governor Dinwiddle sent a party to build a fort at the junction of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, v^diere Pittsburg now stands. The French had been making prep- arations to occupy the same spot. The French compelled the commander to surren- der and withdraw from the country. The French then completed the fort, and named it Fort Du Quesne. 166. Mention the principal events of the French and Indian Wav. 1. Washington's Journey (1753) ; 2. Battle of Great Meadows (1754); 3. Braddock's Defeat (1755; ; 4. Declaration of War (1756); 5. Attack on Louisburg (1758) ; 6. Capture of Crown Point and Ticonderoga (1759); 7. Capture of Quebec (1759). 167. What was the decisive battle of the French and Indian War? The battle of Quebec. 1 68. Who were the commanders, and what was their fate ? 34 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The English commander was General Wolfe, and the French was Montcalm. They were both killed. 169. Mention the names of five English com- manders in the French and Indian War. Braddock, Amherst, Wolfe, Washington, and Abercrombie. ITO. Name two French (Jommanders. Montcalm and Dieskau. 171. When did the French and Indian War be- gin, and when did it close? The principal actions began in 1754, but war was not formally declared until 1756. It was closed in 1763, by the Treaty of Paris. 172. What question was decided by the French and Indian War ? Whether France or England should achieve supremacy in ITorth America. 173. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris ? 1. France ceded to England all her Amer- ican possessions east of the Mississippi, ex- cept the island and city of New Orleans. 2. France ceded to Spain all of Louisiana west ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 35 of the Mississippi. 3. Spain ceded Florida to England, in exchange for Havana, 174. Who was Pontiac? Pontiac was chief of the Ottawas, a tribe of Indians living in the region of present Michigan and Wisconsin. 175. Give a brief account of Pontiac's war. In 1763 the Indians, under Pontiac, fell upon all the English ports in the Northwest, and captured all w^est of Oswego, except Fort Pitt (Pittsburg), Fort Niagara, and Detroit. Hundreds of persons were murdered, and many were driven from their homes. Pon- tiac went to Illinois. "The manner of his death is not certainly known." 176. Mention the three forms of colonial gov- ernment. Provincial or Koyal, Proprietary, and Charter. 177. Mention four remote causes of the Revo- lutionary War. The remote causes were (1) the influence of France ; (2) the character of the colonists ; (3) the growth of public opinion tending to 36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS independence; and (4) the character of George III. 4 78. Mention five immediate causes. The principal immediate causes were (1) Navigation Acts ; (2) Importation Act ; (3) Writs of Assistance ; (4) Stamp Act ; and (5) Mutiny Act. 179. Briefly stated, what was the cause of the Revolutionary War ? "Taxation without representation." 180. What was the Importation Act? An act imposing heavy duties upon all rum, sugar, and molasses imported into the col- onies from foreign ports. 181. When was this act passed ? In 1733. The merchants evaded the pay- ment of the duties, and the colonial courts were authorized to issue Writs of Assistance. 182. What power was given by Writs of As- sistance? These search-warrants empowered the of- ficers of the crown to search anywhere and at any time for smuggled goods. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 37 163. What was the Stamp Act? It provided timt no legal document should be \aiid, unless; executed on stamped paper; and that all publications should be printed on stain])e(l paper, and every advertisement taxed. 184. Wlieii was the Stamp Act pafesed, and when was it repealed? It waB passed by Parliament in 1765, and re[>ealed in 17(36. 1S5. Wliat was the Mutiny Act? It was an act providing for the punishment of mutiny and desertion, and for the quarter- ing of British troops. In 1769 a clause was addud making it the duty of the colonies to furnish quarters and supplies to British troops sent among them. 186. Wlien and where did the first colonial congress meet? In 1765, in New York. 187. What was the Boston Massacre? In 1770 the British troops, stationed at Boston, fired into a crowd of men and boys, whose taunts and jeers had enraged them, 38 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS killing three persons unci wouiuling several others. This rir)t is called the "Boston Mas- 188. What v/as the work of the Boston Tea Party? Fifty persons, disguised as Moliawk In- dians, threw three hundred and lifty ehests of tea overboard, at Boston (1773). 189. How were the Bostoiiians punished for this act? By the Boston Port Bill. This act closed the port of Boston, and removed the custom- house to Salem. 190. Wljei") and v/here did the first Continental Congress meet? In 1774, at Philadelphia. 191. What colony was not repre^jenled ? Georgia. 192. Who was General Gage ? General Gage was the royal governor of Massachusetts, and commander-in-chief of the British troops, at the heginn^ig of the Kevolation. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 39 193. What was done by the second Continent- al Congress ? It voted to raise an army, and chose George Washington commander-in-chief. 194. Why did General Gage send a detach- ment to Concord ? To obtain possession of military supplies collected by the patriots. 195. Who commanded the detachment? Colonel Smith and Major Pitcairn. 196. Give a brief sketch of the first battle of the Revolution. When the British troops, sent to Concord, arrived at Lexington, they saw the "minute- men" assembled for battle. As the British drew near Major Pitcairn exclaimed, *'Dis- perse, you rebels!" As the patriots did not obey, Pitcairn ordered his soldiers to fire. A murderous volley, the first of the Revolu- tion, killed eight of the Americans, and wounded nine. After firing a few shots, the Americans were forced to disperse. 197. Who were the commanders in the battle of Bunker Hill? 40 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS General Howe commanded the British, and General Prescott, the Americans. 198. What American general was killed in the battle of Bunker Hill ? General Warren. 199. In what battle was General Montgomery killed ? Quebec (1775). 200. By what means did Washington compel the British to evacuate Boston? By erecting batteries on Dorcliester Heights. 201. What gallant act was performed by Ser- geant Jasper, at Fort Moultrie? During the heat of the battle, the flag- staff was broken b}' a ball, and the flag drop- ped over the parapet. Sergeant Jasper leaped to the beach, snatched the flag, and in the midst of a heavy fire, supported it upon the parapet, until another staff was procured. 202. What motion was made in Congress by Richard Henry Lee, in 1776? That the "United Colonies are free, inde- pendent, and sovereign States." ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 41 203. Who were appointed by Congress to pre- pare a Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. 204. Who wrote the document? Thomas Jefferson. 205. By what act of the Continental Congress did the Thirteen Colonies become the Thirteen United States of America? By the adoption of the Declaration of In- dependence. 208. When was the Declaration of Independ- ence adopted by Congress? On the 4th of July, 1776. 207. What battle was fought first after inde- pendence was declared ? The battle of Long Island. f 208. What commissioners of Great Britain bore a proposal of peace, in 1776? Lord Howe and General Howe. 209. What foreigners were hired by George III. to aid the British army ? George III. entered into a treaty with sev- 42 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS eral German princes to furnish 17,000 sol- diers (Hessians) to assist in the war. 210. Sketch briefly the battle of Trenton. On Christmas night (1776), Washington crossed the Delaware River, which was then full of floating ice. The next morning he surprised and captured nearly one thousand Hessians, without the loss of a single man. Colonel Rahl, the Hessian commander, was killed. 811. Mention the principal battles of 1777. Princeton, Bennington, Brandjwine, Ger- mantown, and Saratoga. 212. What was the decisive battle of the Rev- olutionary War ? Saratoga, which resulted in the surrender of Burgoyne. This battle is ranked as one of the fifteen decisive battles of the world. 21S. When, where, and to whom did Burgoyne surrender ? On the 17th of October, 1777, Burgoyne surrendered his whole army of nearly six thousand men. The army was surrendered to General Gates, at Saratoga. ON UNITED STATES HISTOBY. 43 214. Give tbrpf reasons for regarding' the bottle of Bariitogu, nnyEli Whitney. 253. Whitt was the Cotton Gin, and what effect iiad its invention on the cultivation of cot- ton ? It was a machine resembling a series of circular saws, used to separate the cotton liber from the seed. It added 200 per cent, to llie efficiency of labor in cleaning cotton, and the cultivation of cotton increased rap- idly in the South. 254= Vv'Ii=> was i he second President ? John Adams, of Massachusetts. 2 55o Wbiit w^ere the chief events of John A(iams's adniinistnition ? 1. Alien and Sedition Laws; 2. Trouble with France ; 3. Death of Washington (1799), 4. Cai)ital removed to Washington (1800). 256. Y/h.'it was tlie Alien law ? It provide 1 that for two years the president should have powder to expel from the country any liiien whose influence he might deem dauirerous to the government. 257. What was the Sedition law? An act passed in 1798, which provided for 52 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS the punishment of any person or persons who might combine or conspire to oi)pose any interest of the government, or publish any circular or article against the govern- ment or its members. 258. Who was the third President? Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia. 259. By what body was JefFersou elected ? The House of Representatives. 260. Mention the chief events of Jefferson's administration. 1. Purchase of Louisiana; 2. War with Trip- oli ; 3. Steamboat invented; 4. Troubles with England; 5. Hamilton and Burr; 6. Embargo Act; 7. Ohio admitted (1802). 261. How was the territory of Louisiana ac- quired ? By purchase (1803) from France, Spain having ceded it to Napoleon in 1800. The United States paid fifteen million dollars for the territory. 262. What duel was fought in 1804? In 1804 a duel was fought between Aaron Burr, Vice-President, and Alexander Ham- ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 53 iltou, Ex-Secretary of the Treasury. Ham- ilton was killed. 263. What caused the War of 1812? The violation of American commercial rights was the main cause. England also demanded and exercised the right to search American vessels for deserters from her flag. 264 1812? James Madison. 265. When and where was peace made? December 24, 1814, at Ghent. 266. What important battle was fought after peace was made ? The battle of ]N"ew Orleans, the most severe of the war. 267. What two states were admitted in Madi- son's administration? Louisiana, in 1812; and Indiana, in 1816. 268. What was the condition of the manufac- turing interest during the War of 1812 ? During the war the Americans, having been cut oif from British manufactures, were compelled to manufacture their ow^n 54 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS articles. Much capital was invested in man- ufacturing establishments, and large profits were realized. When peace was made these establishments were brought into competi- tion with those of England. 269. What petition did the manufacturers pre- sent to Congress? They petitioned Congress to grant them protection, by imposing duties on English manufactures, shipped to the United States. 2 70. What was the result ? The first protective tariff law was passed by Congress (1816). 271. Who was President frona 1817 to 1825 ? James Monroe, of Virginia. 272. How was the territory of Florida ac- quired? Florida was purchased from Spain (1819) for $5,000,000. 273. What was the ''Missouri Compromise" ? After about two years of violent discussion in Congress regarding the admission of Mis- souri into the Union, Mr. Thomas, of Illi- nois, offered a Compromise Bill, which pro- ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 55 vifled tluit Missouri should be admitted as a slave state, aiid thiit thereafter slavery should be prohibited north of 86 degrees and 30 minutes north latitude. This Compromise Bill is kno\Yn as the ''Missouri Compro- mise," and was adopted by Congress in 1820, and Missouri became a state in 1821. 274. When did the first steam-boat cross the Atlantic? In 1819, the "Savannah" passed from Sa- vannah, Georgia, to Liverpool, England. 275. Wlint noted foreigner visited the United States in j824? General Lafayette. 276. What was the "Monroe Doctrine" ? Li his annual message. President Monroe declared that "the American continents are henceforth not to be considered subjects for future colonization by any European power." This is called the "Monroe Doctrine." 277. Who was the sixth President, and how was he elected? John Quincy Adams; elected by the House of Representatives. 56 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 278. What three ex-Presidents died on the Fourth of July ? John Adams (1826), Thomas Jeiferson (1826), and James Monroe (1831). 279. How long was John Quiney Adams Pres- ident? Four years; from 1825 to 1829. 280. Who was the seventh President? Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee. 281. Mention the chief events of Jackson's administration. 1. Nullification (1832); 2. Black Hawk War (1832); 3. Veto of the U. 8. Bank Bill ; 4. 8eminole War (began in 1835); 5. E'ew states admitted. 282. Who was Osceola? A chief of the Seminole Indians. 283. What states were admitted into the Union, in Jackson's administration? Arkansas (1836) and Michigan (1837). 284. Who became President in 1837? Martin Van Buren, of I*Tew York. 285. Who was inaugurated President in 1841? William Henry Harrison, of Ohio. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 57 286. By what party was Harrison elected? By the Whig party. This was the first Whig victory. 287. How long was Harrison President? One month. 288. Who then became President? The Vice-President, John Tyler, of Vir- ginia. 289. What alienated President Tyler and the Whig party ? President Tyler vetoed two Acts for the establishment of a National Bank. He also vetoed other important measures intended for the fulfillment of party promises. 290. How did the Cabinet officers show their disapproval ? All resigned except Webster, Secretary of State. 291. What boundary did the " Ashburton Treaty" settle? The boundary between New Brunswick and Maine. 292. When and by whom was the South Pass discovered ? In 1842, by John C. Fremont. 68 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 893. Who was Thomas W. Dorr? The leader of the insurgents in the Dorr Rehellion, which occurred in Rhode Island (1842). 294. What ooiintry claimed Texas, by right of exploration ? Mexico, which became independent of Spain, in 1821. Spain had explored the country, and claimed it as a part of Mexico. 295. What, people first settled Texas ? The Spaniards, in 1692. 296. V/hat people began to settle in Texas, in 1821? Citizens of the United States. Within less than ten years, nearly ten thousand citizens of the United States had settled in Texas. These soon outnumbered the Mexicans, and obtained the management of the public af- fairs. 297. When did the Texans declare themselves indepe^ndeut? In 1835 the Texans declared themselves independent, and the Texan War follovved. 298. Who was then President of Mexico ? General Santa Anna. ON UNITED STA.TES HISTORY. 59 299. What was the result of the Texan War ? Sauta Anna was captured, and promised to recognize the iudependenceof Texas; but when released, he refused to do so. He re- newed the war, hut was finally defeated. 300. What countries recognized the independ- ence of Texas, soon after the Texan War? France, Great Britain, and the United States. Mexico still refused to recognize it as an independent state. 301 . To what country did the republic of Texas desire to be annexed ? In 1844 Texas petitioned to be annexed to the United States. 302. What was the main issue in the presiden- tial campaign of 1844? The Texan question. 303. What party favored the annexation of Texas ? The Democratic party. The Whigs oppos- ed the annexation. 304. Who were the presidential candidates? James K. Polk (Democrat), and HenTy Clay (Whig). Polk was elected. 305. When was Texas admitted ? 60 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS In 1845, three days before Polk's inaugu- ration. SOS. Mention the two chief causes of the Mex- ican War. (1) The annexation of Texas; (2) A dis- pute over the western boundary of Texas. 307. When did Mexico declare war? March 23, 1846. 308. What treaty ended the Mexican War? The treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo (1848). 309. What territory did the United States gain by the Mexican War? The territory now comprised in 'New Mex- ico, Utah, and California. The Rio Grande was made the western boundary of the dis- puted territory. 310. What sum was paid to Mexico, as pur- chase money? $18,250,000. 311. Mention tlie names of five American commanders in the Mexican War. Generals Scott, Taylor, Wool, Kearney, and Fremont. Generals Santa Anna, Ampudia, ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 61 and Arista were the principal Mexican com- manders. 312. What important discovery was made in 1848 ? Gold was discovered in California. 313. What was the Wilmot Proviso ? It was a provision to exclude slavery from all new territory. 314. For what is Samuel F. B. Morse noted? He invented the magnetic telegraph. The patent was issued in 1837. 315. Between what two cities was the first magnetic telegraph erected ? Washington and Baltimore (1843). 316. What President was inaugurated March 5,1849? President Taylor. 317. How long was Taylor President ? Sixteen months. He died July 9, 1850. 318. Who was inaugurated President in 1850 ? Millard Filmore, of Few York. 319. What two noted men died in 1852? Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. 62 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 320. Who was the founder of Mormonism? Joseph Smith, who was murdered by a mob in 1844. 321. What state was admitted in 1850? California. 322. When and by whom was the sewing machine invented ? In 1843, by Elias Howe. 323. Who became President in 1853 ? Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. 324. By what party was Pierce elected ? By the Democratic party. 325. Mention the chief events of Pierce's ad- ministration. 1. The Gadsden Treaty (1853) ; 2. The Kansas-ITebraska Bill (1854); 3. The Treaty of Kenagawa (1854); 4. The Kansas War (1857). 326. Who was the author of the Kansas-Ne- braska Bill? Senator Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois. 327. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Bill? The Bill organized Kansas and Nebraska ox UNITED STATES HISTORY. 63 as territories, and gave the inhabitants of each the right to decide by a vote, whether the state should be admitted as a slave or free state. 328. By what partv was James Buchanan elected ? The Democratic party. 829. How long was Buchanan President? Four years ; from 1857 to 1861. S30. Mention the chief events in Buchanan's afl ministration. 1. Dred Scott Decision (1857); 2. Trouble with the Mormons (1857); 3. John Brown's Eaid (1859); 4, Presidential election (1860); 5. Three States admitted ; 6. Secession be- gun (1860); 7. Southern Confederacy organ- ized. 331. What was the issue in the presidential campaign of 1860 ? The slavery question. 332. What great party divided in 1860 ? In 1860 the Democratic party split on the slavery " plank" in their platform. 333. Who was elected President in 1860? 64 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois. 334o By what party was Lincoln elected ? The Republican party. This party was re- garded as anti-slavery, but its doctrines made no threats against slavery as it then existed. Its doctrines opposed the extension of slavery. 335. How was the news of Lincoln's election received in the South ? The South believed that the election of Lincoln would result in the destruction of slavery, and the States prepared to carry into eflect the threat that if Lincoln was elected, they would secede from the Union. 336. Mention ten remote causes of the Civil War. 1. Introduction of slavery (1620); 2. The Missouri Compromise (1820) ; 3. Tariff Bill (1828); 4. Tariff Bill (1832); 5. Fugitive Slave Law (1850); 6. Kansas-I:Tebraska Bill (1854); 7. Dred Scott Decision (1857); 8. Publication of sectional literature; 9. John Brown's Raid (1859); 10. Different indus- trial interests. 337. Mention three immediate causes of the Civil War. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 65 1. The election of Lincoln; 2. Secession of States ; 3. Attack on Fort Sumter. 338. What state led the secession movement? South Carolina (1860). 339. When and where was the Southern Con- federacy organized ? In February, 1861, at Montgomery, Ala- bama. 340. Who was President of the Southern Con- federacy ? Vice-President ? Jefierson Davis, of Mississippi. Alexander H. Stephens, of Georgia. 341. When was Lincoln inaugurated? March 4, 1861. 342. What was the first hostile act of the Con- federates? The attack on Fort Sumter. 343. When and where was the first blood shed in the (!ivii War? On the 19th of April, 1861, while a regi- ment of Massachusetts militia was passing through the streets of Baltimore, it was at- tacked by a mob of several thousand. The soldiers fired into the crowd, and blood was spilt on both sides. 66 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 344. What commanders were put at the head of the respective armies, at the beginniag of the Civil War? General Winlield Scott (Union) and Gen- eral Beauregard (Confederate). 345. Under what circumstances did West Vir- ginia become a state ? West Virginia was formerly part of Vir- ginia. The people living in that part of Vir- ginia west of the Alleghanies refused to fol- low the state in the secession movement, and formed what was virtually a territorial government. The organization was recog- nized by Congress, and West Virginia was admitted as a separate state, June 20, 1863. 346. What states formed the Southern Confed- eracy ? South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Ala- bama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina. 347. What city was the capital of the Southern Confederacy ? Richmond, Virginia. 348. What was the first great battle of the war? The first battle of Manassas. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 67 349. Mention the names of the two Confed- erate Commissioners noted in the "Trent Affair.' James Mason, of Virii:irna, and John Sli- dell, of Louisiana. S50. What battle was the turning event of the Civii vvar? The battle of Gettysburg. 351. What was the result of the presidential election of 1864? President Lincoln was re-elected, and An- drew Johnson, of Tennessee, was elected Vice-President. 352. What surrender virtually closed the Civil War? General Lee's surrender at Apponaattox Court-House. 353. When and to whom did Lee surrender? General Lee surrendered to General U. S. Grant, April 9, 1865. 354. What event does April U, 1865, suggest? The assassination of President Lincoln. 355. Who became President, April 15, 1865 ? Vice-President Andrew Johnson. 356. What was the Tenure-of-Office Bill? 68 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS In 1867 Congress passed the Tenure-of-Of- fice Bill, which forbade any removals, from office, by the President, without the consent of the Senate. 357. What caused President Johnson's im- pechment? President Johnson believed the Tenure-of- Office Bill unconstitutional. In 1867 he removed Secretary Stanton from office, with- out the consent of the Senate, and as the re- moval violated the Tenure-of-Office Bill, the House adopted articles of impeachment. 358. When, from what government, and for what sum was Alaska purchased? In 1867, Alaska was purchased from Russia, for ^7,200,000. 359. Who became President in 1869? General U. S. Grant, of Illinois. Eight years; from 1869 to 1877. 361. Mention the chief events in Grant's ad- ministration. 1. Pacific Railroad (1869) ; 2. Fifteenth Amendment (1870); 3. Alabama claims set- ON UNITED STATE HISTORY. 69 tied (1872); 4. Chicago Fire (1871); 5. Mo- doc War (1873); 6. Financial Panic (1873); 7. Centennial (1876); 8. Joint Electoral Com- mission (1877). 362. What President was inaugurated March 5, 1877? Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio. 363. How lon^ was Hayes President ? Four years; from 1877 to 1881. 364. What were the chief events Hayes's administration? 1. Great Railroad Strike (1877); 2. Indian War (1877); 3. Resumption of Specie Pay- ment; 4. Yellow Fever Epidemic; 5. Fishery Dispute. 365. Who became President March 4, 1881? James A. Garfield, of Ohio. 366. When and by whona was President Gar- field assassinated? July 2, 1881, by Charles J. Guiteau. 367. What led to the assassination of President Garfield? Trouble existed between party factions, caused by the appointments to office. The 70 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS President was abused by many of his party, who were disappointed in not receiving an appointment to office. Guiteau was one of the disappointed office-seekers. He affirmed that his object in killing the President was to make Arthur President, and thereby unite the Republiijan party. 368. When did President Garfield die ? September 19, 1881, after ten weeks of great suftering. 369. Who succeeded President Garfield ? Chester A. Arthur, of New York, 370. Mention the chief events in Arthur's ad- ministration. 1. Trial and execution of Guiteau; 2. Civil Service Bill ; 3. Floods in the Missis- sippi Valley; 4. Presidential election. 371. Who was the first Democratic President, after Buchanan? Grover Cleveland, of !N"ew York. Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana, was the Vice- President. 372. How long was Cleveland President? Four years ; from 1885 to 1889. ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 71 373. What ex-President died in 1885? General Grant. 374. Mention the chief events in Cleveland's administration, 1. Death of prominent men ; 2. Civil Ser- vice Eeform; 3. Anarchist Riot; 4. Charles- ton earthquake (1886) ; 5. Inter-State Com- merce Act; 6. Presidential Succession Bill; 7. Tariff Discussion; 8. Fishery troubles; 9. Benjamin Harrison elected President. 375. What was the Presidential Succession Bill? An act, passed in 1886, which provides that in case of a vacancy, caused by the removal, death, resignation or inability of both the President and Vice-President, the office of President shall devolve upon mem- bers of the Cabinet in a prescribed order, beginning with the Secretary of State. 376. When was President Harrison inaugu- rated ? March 4, 1889. 377. Who was inaugurated as Vice-President? Levi P. Morton, of Kew York. 72 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 378. What territory was opened for settlement in 1889? Oklahoma. 379. What was the Conemaugh disaster ? In 1889, Johnstown, Pa., situated in the Conemaugh valley, was destroyed by a flood. The water escaped from a lake or reservoir, known as Conemaugh Lake. 380. Who had control of the lake? It had been leased by an association of wealthy Pittsburg men, and was used for fishing purpose. 381. What caused the water to escape? The lake had been increased in size by artificial means, and the water was held by a dam. Recent rains had increased the vol- ume of water, and the dam proved too weak to oppose the great force. 382. How many persons were drowned? About four thousand. 383. When was Oklahoma organized as a sep- arate territory ? Oklahoma was formerly part of Indian ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 73 Territory; in 1890 it was organized as a separate territory. 384. What four states were admitted in 1889? North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington. 385. Who is William McKinley ? William McKinley was born in Ohio, in 1844. He served as captain in the Civil War, and was a member of Congress for several years. He is author of the famous McKinley Tariff Bill, He was elected gov- ernor of Ohio in 1891. 386. What Indian reservation, in Dakota, was opened to white settlement in Harrison's admin- istration ? The Sioux reservation. It comprises 9,800,050 acres of land. 387. What two States were admitted into the Union in 1890? Idaho and Wyoming. 388. How many states are there now (1892) in the United States? Forty-four. 389. Mention the names of the six territories of the United States. 74 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Utah, Arizona, I^ew Mexico, Indian, Ok- lahoma, and Alaska. 390. In what year did Jefferson Davis die? In 1889. 391. Who was the first Republican presidential candidate, and when did he die ? John C. Fremont; he died in July, 1890. 392. What we^e the three chief causes of the Indian war of 1890-1891 ? The chief causes were (1) the insufficiency of the rations issued by the Government; (2) religious delusions ; and (3) the inability of the Indians to immigrate to other parts of the country. 393. What religious delusion existed among the Indians? The Indians believed that a new Messiah was soon to appear and restore to them the lands taken from them by the pale-faces. 394. Locate the Pine Ridge reservation. ^ It is in South Dakota. 395. Who was Sitting-Bull ? He was a great Sioux chief. 396. What was Sitting-Bull's fate ? ON UNITED STATES HISTORY. 75 He was accused of being the chief instiga- tor of the Indian hostihties. He was arrested at his caii.p, and killed in a hand-to-hand fight between the Indian police and a few ot the Chief's followers. 397. When was SittiDg-Bull killed? December 15, 1890. 398. Give a brief account of the battle of Wounded Knee. Bio--Foot's band agreed to surrender. Col- onel Forsyth and his men began to disarm the band. AH of a sudden the Indians be- ^an to fire rapidly at the troops, not twenty feet away, and a bloody combat ensued Captain Wallace and five soldiers, and about ninety-two Indians were killed. 399. What was the fate of Big-Foot? Bl-Foot was killed early in the combat. He hlid been sick with pneumonia, and was lying before his tent, unable to rise. 400. What noted general died February 14, 1891? Yf illiam T. Sherman. 401. What men have held the rank of Lieu- tenant-General in the United States Army? 76 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS George WashiDgton, Wirifield Scott, U. 8. Grant, P. H. Sheridan, and William T. Sherman. 402. What member of the Cabinet died in 1891 ? William Windom, Secretary of the Treas- ury. Ex-Governor Foster, of Ohio, was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy. 403. What noted historian died in ISPl ? George Bancroft. 404. What distinguished man of letters died in August, 1891? James Russell Lowell. 405. What is the population of the United States? The Eleventh Census shows a population of 62,622,250. 406. How many inhabitants are required for one representative in Congress, according to the apportionment of 1891 ? The ratio is 173,901. 407. Of how many representatives will the Fifty-third Congress (1893-1894) consist? Three hundred and fifty-six. 408. Compare the rail-road mileage of the United States with that of Europe and Asia. ON UNITED STATES HISTOBY. 77 The [Jnited States 172,000,Europe 146,000, and Asia 19,000. This shows that the United States has a greater mileage than both Europe and Asia. 409. Mention the names of the members of President Harrison's Cabinet (January, 1892). 1. James G. Blaine, Secretary ot State; 2. Charles Foster, Secretary of the Treasury; 3. Stephen B, Elkins, Secretary of War; 4. William H. Miller, Attorney-General; 5. John Wanaraaker, Postmaster-General; 6. B. F. Tracy, Secretary of the Eavy; 7. John l!Toble, Secretary of the Interior ; 8. J. M. Eusk, Secretary of Agriculture. FINIS. iiiiiimiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiniininnniiuiiiiiiimiiiniiiniminiiiEmiiiim g Fannily, ^^ ^ ^ ^ M "Teacher, C^ L.it)ra,ry SKoald Owjv a Btctfoivar/* Care Should lie Taken to Get The Best. Ne-w Book WEBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL / cov«=. to cover lONARY^ One to Buy. It is a thorouyh revisioii of the authentic "Unabridged," fully abreast of the times. 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It has been the ambition of the author to make this series in- clude every question likely to appear in any list of questions on United States History that may be prepared by any Board of Examiners. The questions lead the student to a knowledge of the causes, both Remote and Immediate, of the great events ; then to a knowledge of tlie events ; and finally to the results. We wish to place a copy of this little book in the han'ds of teachers and pupils everywhere. Send 25 cen.ts lor a sample copy, and after examination, if you arenot sat- isfied with the book, return it, and we will refund your money. A liberal commission allowed to aeents. Address, R. W. VANDALE &, COMPANY, Publishers and Booksellers, No. 41 Capitol St., Charleston, 'W. Va. iiiiiriiiniiiiiiHiiiiiiiHiiiniiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ExamtivatfoRS % ® ® MA DE EASY. The Teachers' and Students' Q UE8TIOW B O OK. Prepared for West Virginia Teachers and &tu- de7its. By Josfah Hughes, Author of "Questions and Answers on U. S. History." PRICE, by Mail, Postpaid, $1.00. REVIEW I REVIEW 11 REVIEW I IT Or make a disgraceful failure in the Examination. Questions and Answers are given on Orthography, Read- ing, Language, Arithmetic, United States History, Geogra- phy, Penmanship, Physiology, Theory and Practice of Teach- ing, Book-keeping, Civil Government, and General History. Examine the Points. 1. It contains nearly 2,000 Questions, with carefully pre- pared Answers. '2. The author's aim has been to include every Question likely to appear in any examination on these branches. 3. it brings History and Geography down to the year 1892. 4. The Questions and Answers on Penmanship were pre- pared by Prof. H. W. Ellsworth, of New York, author of the Ellsworth System of Penmanship, the system recently adopted by the West Virginia L,egislature. 5. It gives carefully prepared solutions of the most diflS- cult problems in Pvay's Practical Arithmetic. 6. It contains thoughts on teaching from the leading edu- cators of the United states. 7. The Questions and Answers on Book-keeping, Civil Government, and General History alone are worth the cost of the book. The book is concise, trustful, prepared with great care, and covers all the practical parts of the Twelve Branches required by law to be taught in our schools. It will lighten your toil, help you over rough places, and enable you to make your school a grand success. No teacher's library will be complete without a copy of this book. Send for descriptive circulars and terms to agents. Address, R. W. VAN DALE & COIVIPANY, Publishers and Booksellers, No. 41 Capitol St., Charleston, VJ, Va. iiiymiiiininiimiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiniiiiii # hdncationd ^ / em. #(^^ ^<±><=> A Journal Devoted to Educational and Literary Intelligence. PuWlshed Monthly. Subscription 50c. per Annum. The aim of Educational News, briefly stated, will be to keep its readers thoroughly informed on Literary and Educational matters, and to accomplish this without any waste of words ; brightness and brevity — after reliability — will be the editor's aim. In its columns will be found timely articles on LSifeperFv eti)^ •^^o< » „ WERT 800KB/ND/NG Grantville, Pa Sept -Oct 1988 -