8 I \ ■ -= --"^ ->\^ i '^. v. ^ 0^ •^ \"& .'•%, ^ - •\ ■ S* *o» ' T H E HIS T O R Y OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND, FROM IT: Earliest Settlement in 1650 to 187!) : The Early Land Grants. — By whom patented. — Their order of Settlement atntd Present Owners. — Local and General Events. — Leading Incidents. — Principal Towns, Villages, &c. — Its Soil, Products, and Industries. Also, SKETCHES OF THE PROMINENT MEN OF THE COUNTY. DIRECTORY • Of Post Offices, Merchants, Manufacturers, Professors, Farmers, Tobacco Planters, Mechanics, Mills, Colleges, Schools, and Churches. WITH AN APPENDIX, Containing a Description of the Prominent Business Houses of Washington and Georgetown. COMPILED AND ARRANGED FROM AUTHENTIC SOURCES, BY T. H. S. BO Y D, CLARKSBURG, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. 1879-. r / ifri Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1879, By T. H. S. Boyd, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. BALTIMORE \ W. K. BOYLE & SON, PRINTERS. ??L ;m PREFACE. In offering the present history to the public and the citizens of Montgomery County, it appears necessary for the publisher to present the motive that induced him to undertake the publi- cation. During the Centennial year of our National Independence, the President of the United States issued a Proclamation, requesting- the people to assemble in their respective towns and counties, and rescue from obscurity and oblivion the incidents and events connected with the first century of the Nation. Previous to the issue of this proclamation, the people of Montgomery County had resolved to celebrate the one hun- dredth anniversary of the organization of the County, on the Fair Grounds, at Rockville, September 6th, 1870. Speeches were delivered by A. B. Davis, Esq., T. Anderson, Esq., Judge Richard J. Bowie, Judge Pearre, Judge Jones, and others. The exhibition buildings of the Fair Grounds were tilled with relics and curiosities, giving a faithful reflex of the past. The object in the publication of this volume is to collect and arrange the materials, with such an arrangement of the matter as to give a true and faithful history of the County, in as con- cise and succinct style as the subject will admit; commencing with a brief sketch of the manners and customs of the abo- rigines, who once inhabited this region of country, and continu- ing with the earlier settlements by the whites, down through the period of the Revolution and the peaceful times that fol- lowed until the present, including geological features, streams, IV PREFACE. natural curiosities, general statistics, taxable property, synop- sis of census, public improvements, towns, villages and post offices, with biographical sketches of distinguished persons, immigration and its effects, agriculture, pomology, and the cul- ture of bees. Also, a complete Directory of Merchants, Far- mers, Planters, Mechanics, Professions, etc., with a copious Appendix, containing sketches of the prominent mercantile and manufacturing interests of Baltimore and the District of Columbia, which are identified with the prosperity of Mont- gomery County. The publisher takes pleasure in tendering his unfeigned acknowledgments to all those who have contributed material for this publication; especially to William Grady, Esq., the effi- cient County Surveyor. T. H. S. BOYD. CONTENTS. Ch wter \.— The Aborigines or Indians 9 Their customs and habits.— Treatment of strangers. — Treat- ment of enemies. — Their vices.— Marriages.— Indian huts or wigwams.— Dress. — Religious ceremonies, etc. Chapteb II.— The Indians — Continued 18 Their amusements. — War Dances. — Hunting and Fishing their chief employment, — Dances. — The Calumet,— Dis- eases. — The medicine men or doctors. — Death and burials. — Lord's Prayer in their native language, etc. Chapter III 18 The Founder of Maryland. — Granting of the Charter. — Powers conferred by the Charter. — Sailing of the Colonists. — Arri- val in the Chesapeake Bay.— Landing on Blackiston Island. — Settlement at St, Mary's. — Friendly relations secured with the Indians. — Extending the settlements to St. George's and Montgomery. — Peace and Prosperity. — Missionaries. — A period of Thirty Years. Chapter IV 23 Climate and Productions. — Tobacco and Corn, staple produc- tions. — Oysters, Came and Fish. — Indentured Whites. — Slaves introduced from Virginia, — Tobacco the medium of barter and exchange. — Tobacco shipments. — Silver coins. — Fruit and Cider. — Mails. — Quakers or Friends. — Indians. — Toleration. Chapter V. — Land Grants 29 Joseph's Park. — Girl's Portion. — Leeke Forest, — Hermitage. — Saint Winexburg. — Carroll's Forest— Dan. — Brightw ell's Hunting Quarter. — Clean Drinking. — Bear Neck. — Maiden's Fancy. — Bear Bacon. — Friendship.— Charles and Thomas. — Friendship. — Clagett's Purchase. — Huntington. — ■ Conten- tion. — Bradford's best, — Addition to Bradford's Best. — Bradford's Best.— Dung Hill. — Thompson's Hop Yard. — Vi CONTENTS. PAGE. Cool Spring Level. — Allison's Park. — Archibald's Lot. — Younger Brother — Dispute. — Two Brothers. — The New Exchange. — Addition to Dan. — Joseph and James. Chapter VI. — Land Grants — Continued 3G Easy Purchase. — Friendship Enlarged. — Drumaldry. — Lay Hill. — Snowden's Manor. — Snowden's Manor Enlarged. — Charles and Benjamin.— George the Third. — Beall's Manor.— Beall Christie. — Bear Garden Enlarged. — Deer Park. — Snowden Mill. — Charley Forest. — Addition to Charley For est. — Hygham. — Gold's Branch.— Gitting's Hah ! Hah ! ! — Bordley's Choice. — Brooke Grove. — Addition to Brooke Grove. — John and Sarah. — Benjamin's Lot. — New Year's Gift. — Autra — Easy Come By.— Mill Land. — Boyd's De- lay. — Magruder's Hazard. — Paradise. — Bernard's Desire. — Wickham and Pottinger's Discovery. — Partnership. — The Brothers' Industry. — Deer Park. — Fellowship. — Constant Friendship. Chapter VII. — Land Grants — Continued 43 Wickham's Good Will. — The Joseph. — Middle Plantation. — Magruder and Beall's Honesty. — Clewerwald Enlarged. — Goose Pond. — Bear Den. — Prevention. — Saint Mary's. — Valentine's Garden Enlarged. — Re-survey on Valentine's Garden Enlarged.— Haymond's Addition. — Concord. — Han- over. — Flint's Grove. — Happy Choice. — Hopewell. — Jere- miah's Park. — Partnership. — The Re-survey on Part of Forest. — Banks' Venture. — Abraham's Lot. — Killmain. — John's Delight. — Conclusion.— Turkey Thicket. — Benja min's Square. — Spring Garden. — Abel's Levels. — Moored Delight. — Pork Plenty, if no Thieves. — Chestnut Ridge. — Ralfo. — Grandmother's Good Will. — Cow Pasture. — Peach Tree Hill.— Errors Corrected.— Very Good.— Bite the Biter.— Silent Valley. — Trouble Enough Indeed. Chapter VIII 49 Frederick City. — Georgetown, D. C. — Tobacco. — Rolling Roads. — French War. — Defeat of General Braddock. — Mas- sacre of the Settlers. — The Revolution. — Meeting at old Hungerford Tavern. — Resolutions. — Formation of Montgo- "i- mery County.— Named after General Richard Montgomery. — Rockville, the County Seat. — Districts of the County. — Orphans' Court, — Registers of Wills. — Members of the SI ale Convention. CONTENTS. Vii PASS. Chapter IX 55 A Period of One Hundred and Forty Years. — The First Con- tinental Congress. — Maryland Convention. — Enrollment and Organization of Companies. — The First Blood shed in the Revolutionary War, 19th April, 1775.— Captain Cresap's Company.— Their bravery in battle.— Powder Mills. — Can- non Manufactories. — Contingent called from Montgomery County. — -The deeds of prowess in Virginia and the Caro- Carolinas. — Revolutionary Officers from the County. — The War of 1812.— Distinguished Officers in the War of the Rebellion. Chapter X 61 First Revolutionary Soldier. — Montgomery's Revolutionary Roll. — Pension Acts. — Names of Pensioners. — Meteoric Showers, as witnessed at the home of Charles Saffell, the Oldest Pensioner on the List. — Scenes in Gaithersburg and Rockville. Chapter XI 67 First Member of Congress from this County. — Whiskey Insur- rection in Pennsylvania. — Names of Montgomerians who served in the Federal Congress. — Hon. Montgomery Blair as Cabinet Minister. — Members of Reform State Conventions, 1850-51, '64, '07.— First County Surveyor.— First Schools.— An Act for Purchasing School Property.— Academies, Col- leges, &c, and their Students. Chapter XII 75 First Public Roads. — Rolling Tobacco to Market. — Union Turnpike. — Washington, Colesville and Ashton. — Colum- bia. — The Old Baltimore. — River Road.— Old Annapolis. — Conduit. — Old Potomac Company. — Subscriptions to said Company. — Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. — Coal Elevators in Georgetown. — First Railroad in the Country. — Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Metropolitan Branch. Chapter XIII. — Prominent Men 84 Col. John Berry. — Elisha Riggs. — Samuel Riggs. — Mrs. Ann Poultney. — Philip E. Thomas. — Rev. Reuben T. Boyd. — His Ordination as Minister of the Gospel. — His Certificate to perform marriage, signed by General Wm Henry Harri- son. — John C. Clark. — George R. Gaither. — Israel H. B., and A. and R. R. Griffith. — Thomas L. Reese. — William Darne. — Rev. Thomas McCormick. — Thomas Moore. — Caleb Bent- ly. — Isaac Riggs. — Roger Brooke. — Hon. Francis P. Blair. — Mil CONTENTS. r.H.H Robert Pottinger. — Dr. William Bowie Magruder. -Major George Peter. -Drs. Duvall. — Tobacco Inspectors.- Robert Bellman. — Thomas 15. \V. Vinson.— Triadelphia Cotton Factory. Cb vrri'.u XTV. — Prominent Men — Continued 94 Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. — William Darne, of .Mountain View.— Prof. Benjamin Hallowed. — Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. — Ed- ward Stabler. — W. T. R. Saflfell. — Francis Cassott Clopper. — William Wilson.— Leonidas Wilson. — Hon. Thomas Lans- dale. — Dr. Richard Waters. — John S. Belt,— Hon. Richard Waters, and others. Chaptbb XV 1W Boundaries of the County. — Building Stone. — Rooting Slate. — Gold.— Chrome.— Quantity of Land and its Value.— Number of Horses and other Cattle. — Farm Productions for 1878. — Intellectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. — Popula- tion from 17!)0 to 1870. — Society of Friends. — Improve- ments at the close of the Internecine War. — Influence of the Metropolitan Railroad. Present Officers of the County in Cii.\ ptbb XVI. — ApicuUwre. — Peach Culture , 112 Keeping and Propagation of Bees. — Process of removing Honey, without destroying Bees. — Principal Be< Rais< r s in the County. Peach Trees. — Propagation of Trees. — List of desirable variet ies. Chaptbb XVII. — The Washington Grow Gimp Ground lb~> Incorporators. — Objects. — Location. — Present and Past Offi- cers. — Cottages. — Tents. — Owners. DIRECTORY OF TOWNS AND VILLAGES, 'UNO TllF. POST OFFICE ADDRESS OF MERCHANTS, FARMERS, 4C G Barnesville Hi) Beallsville I -" Bethesda 120 s 121 Brighton 121 Brookeville 188 Burtonsville 123 Cabin John 123 ( !edar Grove 128 Clarksburg 184 Colesville 196 Damascus 186 Darnestown 186 Dawsonville 127 Dickerson 187 Edwards' Ferry 128 CONTENTS. IX IM C. I . Fairland 186 Four Corners 129 Gaithersburg 139 Germantown 130 Goshen 131 Great Falls 181 Hyattstown 188 Hunting Hill....* 132 Snowies' 133 Laytonsville 183 Martinsburg 134 Middlebrook 184 Monocacy 135 Montrose 135 Norbeck 136 r\r.r.. Offutt's -4- Roads 136 Olney 137 Poolesville 138 Redland 139 Rockville 139 Sandy Springs 141 Bellman'fl 148 Seneca 149 Sligo 142 Spencerville 142 Sunshine 148 Triadelphia 143 Wheaton 143 White's Ferry 144 DIRECTORY OF PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS. GEORGETOWN, D. C. Agricultural Implements. Dunlap, G. T 149 Ale, Wine and Cider. Palmer, Samuel C 156 Cement and Pleat* r. Waters, J. G. & J. M 158 Cigars and Tobaeeo. Hay, Peter J 151 Coal. Borden Milling Company.. 149 Commission Merchants. Hartley ft Brother 158 Waters, J..O. ft J. M 158 Dry Goods, Notions, &c. Gibbons ft Burroughs 154 Dyeing and Gleaning, (Steam.) Wheatley, Win. H 155 Express (New) Line. Hyde, G.F., Agent 155 Fertilvst re. Dunlap, G.T 149 Flour Mills. Capital— Tenney ft Sons.. 148 Pioneer — Herr & Cissel. . .148 Grain, Feed and Hay. Jackson, D. B 159 ■ Bradt, A. H ; ....148 Cropley's (S.) Sons. ..'..... 146 Lyddane, Eugene T 154 Lyddane, John 156 Offutt. Win. A. A Brother. 152 Hardware, Iron and Steel. Gilbert, H. P 151 Hats, Caps, &c. Barron, J. O. . . . Hotel and Restaurant. bt, . . . . .158 157 CONTENTS. Lager Beer Brevk Dentze, Mrs. Simon 156 Liquors. Bradt, A. H 148 Cropley's 1 8.) Sons 140 Offutt, Wm. A. ft Bro 162 Lumber. Libber, Jos. ft J. E 150 Wheatley Brothers 145 Mineral Water Manufactory. Palmer, Samuel C 156 Powder. Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 Potomac Blue Stone. Gilbert, H. P 151 Restaurant. Arlow, Robert T 147 Ship and Canal Stores. Bradt, A. H 148 U. B. Mutual Aid Society of Pa. Kaiser, , Agent 157 Tobacco, Snuff* and Cigars. Cropley's (S.) Sons 146 WASHINGTON, D. C. Artist* 1 and Woe Flower Materials. Ryneal, George, Jr 163 Boots and Shot 8. George, J.J 163 Cigars and Tobacco. Cochran, George W. ft Co. 165 Clothing JIou.se. Saks, A. & Co 1<»5 Collection Office. Bennett, William II 167 Commission Merchant*. Barbour ft Hamilton 161 Confectiont ru. Mueller (Carl) ft Son 159 Drugs and Chemicals. Stotl ft Cromwell 158 Fire- Works, Toys, . ty n 1'. Clark's farm, three and three-eighths miles. The Ashton and Sli-o Turnpike passes through the tract. The Silver Spring Farm, the estate of the late F. P. Blair, and the residence of the Hon. Montgomery Blair,' includes a portion of the tract; also, the Silver Spring Station and Sli^o. The Brookville and Washington Turnpike crosses it. 30 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. * / I^eeke Forest. This additional tract of seven hundred and ten acres, was also surveyed for Colonel Henry iTHnlanoyj in 1688. It lies west of "Joseph's Park," on the west side of Rock Creek, and extends west one and seven-eighths miles. The Rockville and Georgetown Turnpike passes through it. The farms of the late Samuel Perry and William Hudlestou, on the old Georgetown road, and Bethesda Church are included within its limits. Hermitage. Granted to William Joseph, May 2nd, 1689, for three thousand eight hundred and sixty-six acres. This grant lies on the east side of Pock Creek and adjoins "Joseph's Park" on the north, and extending from Tier's Mill to the inter- section of the Rockville and Washington Turnpike with the Union Turnpike Company's road. The Brook ville and Wash- ington Turnpike passes through it from the V itery Branch to one-fourth of a mile south of Mitchell's Gross Roads. The City road, from Rockville to Washington passes through it, from Graves' farm to Aug. Purgdovf's farm, at the intersection of the Brookville and Washington Turnpike. The Norwood Turnpike traverses the tract from Kemp's store to Lyddane's farm, or its intersection with the Brookville and Washington Turnpike. It embraces many line farms -Mid elegant residences. Lying to the east of "Hermitage" is St. Winexlmrg, surveyed for John Woodcock, May 3rd, 1689, for five hundred acres, extending from the North-west branch at Kemp's Mill, westward one and one-half miles west of the Brookville and Washington Turnpike. The road from Kemp's Mill to Lyddane's farm and the Norwood Turnpike passes through it. This grant includes the estate of the late William Pierce. Immediately north of "St. Winexburg" is located Carroll's Forest, granted to Charles Carroll, May 3rd, 1689, consisting of live hundred acres. This tract was conveyed May 3rd, 17'.) I. by Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, to .John Connelly. On the west side of Pock ('seek, north of "Leeke 1'orest." and wrest of •• Hermitage," is a tract called PaPy , granted Thomas Brooke, September 6th, L694, for three thoiSfnd six hundred and ninety-sewn acres, extending from Rock Creek, one and a half miles west, and up the creek north, two and seven-eighths of a mile. The Georgetown Turnpike HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 31 passes over it from Mr. Codwise's farm to that of the late Samuel Perry. The year following, attracted no doubt by the fertility of the bottom lauds lying on the banks of the Potomac, Richard Brightwell, with a more adventurous spirit than any of the previous- settlers, and actuated by a noble impulse, ■ Minded the Potomac River above the mouth of the Great Seneca, and sought to establish a settlement far from his neigh- bors, where he and his friends could enjoy the pleasure and excitements of fishing and hunting. Here could be found in abundance, buffaloes, bears, wolves and deer; the Sugar Loaf Mountain and the chain of hills that extend to the Monocacy River, affording them ample shelter and protection from the skill and pursuit of the wily hunter. He located his grant between Edward's Ferry and the mouth of the Great Seneca, and named it BrightwcU's Hunting Quarter, patented August 29th, 1695, and contained one thousand and eighty-six acres. It ex- tended for about four miles along the Potomac Eiver, and is now traversed its entire length by the Chesapeake and Ohio (.'anal. The beginning of this tract was destroyed in the con- struction of the canal, but a suitable stone was planted in its stead at the bottom of the canal, which is known onl\ to a few persons. Leaving Mr. Brightwell with his dogs and guns, to enjoy himself to the best of his ability, for the next twenty- five years the course of settlements on Rock Creek, continued west of the Creek. Located west of ''Joseph's Park," and south of "Leeke Forest," is situated Clean Drinking, patented to John Coats, October 1st, 1699, for seven hundred acres. This tract extends down Rock Creek to Jones' Bridge. Walter 0. Jones established a mill on this survey, and leaves his epitaph upon an old stone that still remains a living monument of his folly. The inscription, though Somewhal defaced by time, is still legible, it reads: -" Here lies the body and bones Of old Walter C. Jones; By his not thinking, Ho lost ' Clean Drinking,' And by his shallow pate, He lost his vast estate.'' 32 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Following the settlements on Rock Creek, conies those upon the Patuxent River. Bear Neck, granted Benjamin Williams, March 26th, 1700, for one hundred and fifty acres. Adjacent to this, and lying to the south, is Msi idoii's Fancy, to Neal Clark, surveyed September 11th, 1700, for five hundred and eighty acres. This tract is situated in the south-east coiner of the County, and the intersection of the Patuxent. Two miles above on the river, is Bear Bacon, .surveyed for Mark Richardson, June 24th, 1703, containing six hundred acres. The Ashton and Laurel road passes through this tract from the cemetery to Liberty Grove school-house. The next settlements made in the County were located in the south-western part, between Rock Creek and the Potomac River. Friendship, patented to Thomas Addison and James Stod- dart, December 1st, 1711, for three thousand one hundred and twenty-four acres. Tliis land extends from near the Potomac and below Edmund Brooke's farm, a south-easterly and easterly direction across the Georgetown Turnpike, north of Tenally- town. and up the pike, north-westerly, near to Bethesda post office, and contains many rich and valuable farms; Allison Sailor's lands, and the farms of Richard Williams, Henry v Loughborough, and others. The river road passes through from Rider's farm to near Tenallytown. Adjoining, and on the east, lies y Charles and Thomas, surveyed for Charles Beale and Thomas Fletchall, April 8th, 1715, containing four hundred and nineteen acres. The road from Tenallytown to Jones' Bridge, runs through the land. On the north, and west of "Friendship," lies another tract, called Friendship, for Thomas Beale JUilev, Charles Abert, the late Roger Brooke, A. K. WadSworth, William 8. Brooke, Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. A. H. Heir, and others. The streams and water courses seem to have attracted the attention of the early settlers, as is proven by the location of the grants. First comes Rock Creek, and then North-Wesl branch which was the next point selected by the emigrants, followed by the settlements along the Patuxent; after this come Watts' Branch and Bawling's Biver. The first on Watts' Branch, was Bung Hill, surveyed for Walter Evans, August LOth, 1715, containing five hundred and thirty-six acres. It was situated on the Potomac, at the month of Watts' Branch. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal runs through it, as does also the river road, from 34 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. near Watts' Branch to Cornell's farm. Immediately below this grant, lying along the Potomac, comes Thompsons Hop Yard, patented by John Thompson," December 8th, 1715, and which embraced oue hundred acres. This is but a short distance above the Great Falls. Cool Spring L.evel, to Archibald Edmonston, April 28th, 1717, containing five hundred and ninety-two acres. This tract is situated on the road from Offutt's Cross Roads to the Great Falls. On the north of this road, Allison's Park, surveyed for John Allison, June 10th, 1715, einbraeing^six hundred and twenty acres, and lying south of Watts' Branch. Adjacent to this, Archibald's Lot, granted to James Moore, March 17th, 1718. This tract lies ou the road from Eockville to the Great Falls, and contained one hundred acres, and is embraced in the farm of Jacob Miller. Younger Brother. This tract lies west of Watts' Branch, and was surveyed for William Offutt, August 21st, 1717, and contained six hundred acres, and comprises the farms of Wil- liam Viers and Joseph T. Bailey. Following this, comes Dispute, lying on the head-waters of Watts' Branch, sur- veyed for Charles and William Beall, January 10th, 1710, con- taining six hundred and seventy acres. An older tract then lies to the east of this, and is called the Two Brothers, comprising twelve hundred acres, through which passes Watts' Branch and the road from Eockville to Darnestown. The next that claims attention on Watts' Branch, is The Exchange, for Arthur Nelson, granted March 10th, 1718, for four hundred and eighteen acres; and again, to the same person, January 28th, 1710, The Jtfew Exchange, for one hundred and fifty acres. These two were re-surveyed, December 20th, 1721, and were called "Exchange and New Exchange Enlarged," for Arthur Nelson, and contained sixteen hundred and twenty acres. By this extension the tract extended down Watts' Branch a long distance, and embraced the site upon which Bockville was origi- nally built. The road from Bockville to the Great Falls passes for more than two miles through the tract. The County Poor lb. use farm, Judge Bouic's, (O'Neal's,) John E. Wilson's, and HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 35 other farms are included in this tract. North of " Dan," men- tioned previous, is the Addition io Dau, surveyed for Philip Lee, December 10th, 1717, containing (ive hundred and seventy-six acres; traversed by the Georgetown Turnpike. Then came Joseph West and James Holmard, who joined in a co-partnership, and had a tract surveyed, containing five hundred and thirty-five acres, and when they came to give it a name 1 , were at considerable trouble to select one that would give satisfaction to both partners, each wanted his name selected for the tract, so as to appear on the records at Annapolis. Much was said on the subject by both parties; finally a compromise was effected by mutual friends, who taking their two Christian names, joined them with the copulative conjunction "and," which gave them Joseph and James, and was .so patented October 15th, 1718. It is situated on the road from Rockville to Gaithersburg, and embraces the farms of Samuel Clements and others. CHAPTER VI. Land Grants — Continued. Easy Purchase. Friendship Enlarged. Drumaldry. Lay Hill. Snowden's Manor. Snowden's Manor Enlarged. Charles and Benjamin. George the Third. BealPs Manor. Beall Christie. Bear Garden Enlarged. Deer ParTc. Snowden Mill. Charley Forest. Addition to Charley Forest. Hygham. Gold's Branch. Gittinjfs Hah! Hah!! Bordlerfs Choice. Brooke Grove. Addition to Brooke Grove. John and Sarah. Benjamin's Lot. New Year's Gift. Antra. Easy Come By. Mill Land. Boyd's Delay. Magrudvr's Hazard. Paradise. Bernard's Desire. Wiekham and PotUnger's Discovery. Partnership. The Bro- ther? Industry. Deer Park. Fellowship. Constant Friend- sh ip. In following the succession of settlements, it is necessary to return to the North-west Branch, where Archibald Edmonston found an Easy Purchase, granted April 23rd, 1716, consisting of nine hundred acres, extending from the North-west Branch to the West Point Branch. The Ashton and Sligo Turnpike runs through the entire length of it, from John T. Baker's farm below and near Colesville, to the late Johns Hopkins farm at the intersection of tin' Columbia road. Crossing to the east side of the North-west Branch, is located Friendship Enlarged, for Alexander Beall, May 14th, L710, containing nine hundred and twenty acres, and extending from near the County line up to the north of Bond's Mill, on the Ashton and Sligo Turnpike. A short distance north of "Carroll's Forest," heretofore described, lies a tract called l>rnmaldr.v, surveyed for James Beall, September Kith. 171."). for two hundred and twenty-five acres. It lies on the North-west Branch and embraces the farm of James Bonifant. On the North-west Branch, and still north of this, dames Beall was granted HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 37 !Lay Hill, August 17th, 1716, containing one thousand two hundred and ninety-eight acres. The North-west Branch runs through the tract, while the Norwood Turnpike passes the entire length. The farms of Abraham Van Horn, A. J. Cashell and others are situated on it. On the ridge dividing the head waters of the Patuxent River and North-west Branch, lies a tract embracing many farins called Snowden's Manor, surveyed for Richard Snowdeu, De- cember 10th, 1715, containing one thousand acres. The Ashton and Sligo Turnpike runs through the estate, also the road from Ashton to Laurel. The tract embraces the lands of William John Thomas, the farins of William Lee, Warwick Miller, Asa Stabler, and the farm and bone mill of William Bond. A re-sur- vey was made twenty-eight years alter and was called Snowden's Manor Enlarged, for Richard Snowden, dated March 5th, 1743, and embraced nine thousand two hun- dred and sixty-five acres. This Manor contains some of the finest farms in the County. The Laurel road passes through it from Ashton, through Spencerville to the cemetery near Liberty Grove Church. The turnpike from Ashton to Winpenny's farm near Colesville runs upon it, while the Norwood Turnpike passes through it from Joseph Moore's farm to Van Horn's farm. The North-west Branch runs through the tract from near Ashton to Kemp's Mill. Charles and Benjamin, surveyed and granted to Charles Beall, July 2nd, 1718, containing two thousand two hundred ami eighty acres. This tract extends from E. J. Hall's farm down the Brookville and Washington Turnpike to Higgins' Tavern, embracing the farms of Z. D. Waters. Thomas Waters, Josiah W. Jones, Samuel Cashell, and others. The Episcopal Church at Mechanicsville is located on this grant. The town of Me- chanicsville is built on a small tract occasioned by a vacancy between older surveys, and was named after the King of England, George the Third, and granted to Richard Brooke, July 28th, 1763, and contained forty-seven acres. Returning again to West Point Branch, BeaU's Manor is found, granted to Charles and William Beall, February 14th, ITl'U, embracing seventeen hundred and eighty -seven acres. Situated on the head-waters of West Point 38 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Branch, beginning in Thomas Wiupenny's house-yard, a mile north of Colesville on the Ashton and Sligo Turnpike. On it are located the farms of Thomas Winpenny, Mr. O'Hare, Lloyd Green, J. W. Bancroft, and others. Colesville stands on a tract adjacent to " Bead's Manor," surveyed about the same time, and called Beall Christie, and contained five hundred and six acres. Colesville is a thriving village of recent date. Bear Garden Enlarged, surveyed for Archibald Edmon- ston, November 10th, 1710, containing twelve hundred and sixty- five acres. Adjoining this tract, Deer Park, surveyed for Archibald Edmonston, February 14th, 1720, containing six hundred and eighty-two acres. This grant, including "Beall Christie," lies between the West Point and the East Point Branches, and embrace the farms of Julius Marlow, and others. Adjacent to " Bead's Manor," is Snowden Mill, granted to Richard Snowdeu in October, 1 7i»;;. surveyed for five hundred and forty-six acres. The Columbia road passes by this tract; while it is well watered by the West Point Branch passing through it. Nancy Brown's form, and others are included, as also the road from John Leizar*s to Nancy Brown's. Charley Forest, was granted to Major John Bradford, and contained one thousand two hundred and thirty acres. In- creased by Addition to Charley Forest, surveyed for the same per- son, September Pith, 1120. These two united, extend from Mechanicsville to within a short distance of where Bnell's Bridge crosses the Patuxent River. The turnpike from Mechanicsville to Sandy Sidings and Ashton passes over it, and from Ashton, the road to Snell's Bridge; and the road to Brighton runs on it. On this tract is situated Sandy Springs and Ashton, including many valuable farms, via: Fair Hill farm, at Mechanicsville, with the farms of William II. Farquhar, Albin Gilpin, \i. T. Bentley, Edward Thomas, and many others. The trad is lo- cated on the dividing ridge that separates the head-waters of the North-west Branch and Cabin (reek. In following the order of dates in settlement, llawlin.-s' River is reached, when HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 39 Hygliam is found, granted to John Bradford, February 23rd, ITl'o. surveyed for one hundred acres. Beginning from the same tree, is (.old's Branch, granted to Richard Snowden, July 30th, L722, for two hundred and fifty-seven acres. These two grants lie on Hawlings' River, and constituted a portion of the t'arni of Hon. Allen Bowie Davis, his residence being located on the latter, through which the Westminster road passes, and also Gold Branch, a small tributary of Hawlings' River. Gitting's Hah! Hah!! was surveyed for Thomas SpriggS and Richard Simmons. July L'Tth. 1724, and contained tive hun- dred and seventeen acres, lying on both sides of Hawlings' River, embracing the following farms: James T. Holland's, Thomas John Holland's, William Brown's, and others. Adjoin- ing this, lies Bordley's Choice, granted to Thomas Bordley, April 8th, L725, for one thousand acres. The Reedy Branch, an oil-shoo; of Hawlings' River, divides the tract and affords plenty of water to the following farms: Thomas J. Holland's, William Riggs', Thomas Riggs' and Brice Howard's. The Brookville Academy is located on this survey. Adjoining this grant lies a tract, originally Brooke Grove, surveyed for James Brooke, September 4th, 1728, and a re-survey for the same person, November 15th, 1741, for three thousand one hundred and fifty-four acres, and again re-surveyed, so as to include the adjacent vacancies, and named Addition to Brooke Grove, surveyed tor James Brooke, September 29th, 17i»l\ and contained seven thousand nine hun- dred and six acres. After this addition to his drove, he had eleven thousand and sixty acres granted by patent, and six- thousand by purchase, and owned at the time of his death, nearly twenty thousand acres. This tract extends from Thomas J. Holland's farm, some eight or nine miles in a north-westerly direction, beyond the Big Seneca. The town of Brookeville, which was founded in 1780, and Laytonsville are situated on it. The load from Brookeville to Laytonsville passes through the tract, which embraces some of the finest farms in the County, including those of B. J. Hall, the late Dr. William B. Bfagruder, John Biggs, Charles Brooke, the late Walter Magruder, David L. Pugh, Thomas l>. Gaither, 40 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and Samuel Riggs, of R. This was the largest tract of land owned by one person in the County, and gives an example of the wealth and influence enjoyed by these early Princes of the Manor. James Brooke was a descendant of Robert Brooke, who established a Protestant Colony at Delia Brooke, on the Patuxent, on the 29th of June, 1650, seventy-eight years previous. John and Sarah, surveyed for John Philburn, December 21st, 1724, and contained two hundred acres, includes the town of Unity. Benjamin's L-ot, surveyed for Benjamin Gaither, April 8th, 17l'5, for five hundred and sixteen acres. Located on the Patuxent River and embraces the town of Triadelphia, and includes the farms of Robert Brown, and others. The Westminster road from Brookeville passes through "Bordley-s Choice," "Gold Branch," "Addition to Brooke Grove" and "Benjamin's Lot," to the Patuxent Bridge- New Year's Gift, granted to Thomas Bordley, October 11th, 172G, for eleven hundred and forty-three acres, and is situ- ated near the head- waters of Hawlings' River. The road from Unity to Damascus runs through it. While it embraces the farms of the late Thomas Griffith, A. B. Worthington, Charles Hutton and Richard H. Griffith. With the granting of this tract, the settlements along the Patuxent, Hawlings, and head-waters of the Big Seneca Rivers seemed to come to a close, and remained so until about 1741, when they again commenced, and rapidly continued until 1775, when very little vacant land remained. Returning again to Rock Creek on the west side and passing down on the south of the road leading from Rockville to Balti- more, Caleb Litton has found a suitable place and concludes to look no farther, ami Am ra is surveyed for him, January 18th, 1720, and found to contain four hundred and five acres; since which time, Hon. Allen Bowie Davis found it covenient to add a portion of this tract to liis Pock ('reel; farm. Easy Come By, surveyed for William Pottinger, and con- tained three handled acres, granted to him October 2nd, 1722. Adjacent to this, is HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 41 Mill Land, surveyed for Edward Dawson, March 10th, 1724, contained two hundred and fourteen acres, and is situated on the west of Rock Creek, and lies on the north side of the road from Rockville to Baltimore, and embraces the farms of Judge Richard I. Bowie, and others. Three miles from Roek- ville, on the east of Rock Creek, and about one mile north- easterly from " Mill Land," lies Boyd's Delay, surveyed November 12th, L725, and granted to John Boyd, June 6th, 17-7, and contained two hundred and thirty-three acres, afterwards increased by the addition of several tracts, both by purchase and grant. Many of his descendants are still to be found in the County. His great- grandson, the late Rev. R. T. Boyd, an eminent divine, and one of the founders of the Methodist Protestant Church, and father of the publisher of this volume, was born on this estate in "17!M. His widow is still living and resides in Clarksburg of this County. The lands embrace the farms of William E. Muncaster, Roger B. Farquhar, and James F. Barnsly. Magruder's Hazard, surveyed for Samuel and John Ma- g-ruder, November 23rd, 1726, and contained one hundred acres. Paradise, surveyed for Thomas Cittings, September 17th, 171*8, for two hundred acres. These two tracts lie on the I side of Bock Creek. The road from Redland to Muncaster's Mill passes through them. Bernard's Desire, surveyed for Luke Bernard, February 1st, 171';;, containing two hundred and thirty acres. The road from Bockville to Redland passes through this tract, as also through the farm of the late John Bean. Wickham and Pottinger's Discovery, surveyed for Nathan Wickham and Samuel Bottinger, January 1st, 1721, and contained one thousand acres, and is situated on Piney Branch, and embraces the farms of N. 13. Offutt. Mary M.Dodd, Samuel Jones, and others. Partnership, granted to Henry Massey and John Flint, April 4th, 1722, and comprised two hundred acres, and adjoins "Dung Hill,"' heretofore mentioned. Watts 1 Branch runs through the land, which embraces at present the farm of Elbert Berry. The Brothers' Industry, surveyed for James Wallace, April 16th, 1722, for one thousand four hundred and tweutv 4 42 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. nine acres, and includes the farms of Edwin Wallace, Solon Young, and others. Deer Park, surveyed for Ralph Crabb, April 10th, 1722, and contained four hundred and seventy acres. It lies oil the ridge separating the head-waters of Muddy Branch from those of Whetstone Branch, and embraces a portion of Gaithersburg, a station on the Metropolitan Railroad, and since its incorpora- tion as a city, has rapidly improved. Fellowship, surveyed tor Nathan Wickham and Samuel Pottinger, March 10th, 1723, and contained four hundred acres, and lies on the head-waters of Whetstone Branch, and embraces the farm of the late Charles Saffell and the late Nathan Cook's home farm. Constant Friendship, granted to Joseph West and James Halmard in 1722, lies near Kockville, and includes the lands ot Levi Veirs, and others. As an evidence of the rapid growth of the province of Mary- land during those early colonial days, it is only necessary to glance at the Records of the Counties, and by examining the land patents, as described in this chapter, it will be found that from the settlement of "Easy Purchase" in 1710, to the survey of "Constant Friendship" in 1722, comprising as it does a large portion of the County, was accomplished in the short space of six years. And again, by examining the names and titles given the various tracts, it will be found that OUT forefathers were gentlemen of education and refinement — unlike the emigrant of the present, who lands on our shores ignorant and penni- less — they came to the New World to establish a country and a home, where liberty of thought and freedom of speech were to be the fundamental principles upon which to base their struc- ture. They came and brought their wives, their children, and their household gods, determined to brave all dangers, that they might bequeath to their children an inheritance worthy of their noble sires. CHAPTER VII. Land Grants— Continued. Wiokham's Good Will. The Joseph. Middle Plantation. Ma grudcr (did BeaWs Honesty. ( leieerwald Enlarged. Goose Pond. Bear Den. Prevention. Saint Mary's. Valentine 1 * Garden Kit I a rued. Re-survey on Valentine's Garden Enlarged. Raymonds Addition. Concord. Hanover. Flint's Grove. Happy Choice. Hope/cell. Jeremiah's Park. Partnership. The Re- survey on Part of Forest. Hani's Venture. Abraham's Lot. Kill main. John's De light. Conclusion. Turkey Thicket. Benjamin's Square. Spring Garden. AbeVs Levels. Mom Delight. Pork Plenty, if no Thieves. Chestnut Ridge. Ealfo. Grandmother's Good Will. Coir Pasture. Peaoh Tree Hill. Errors Corrected. Very Good. Kite the 1 liter. Silent Volley. Trouble Enough Indeed. It will be seen that the first settlements, commencing in n^s in Montgomery County, were along the banks of Bock Cre ek, extending n]» both banks of the stream as far as Kockville. Thence they Bought the Patuxent, and continued to spread along the banks of this fertile stream as far as SnelPs Bridge. Then the country lying west of Rock Creek, towards the Poto mac, and north and east of Kockville, seems to have attracted the attention of the settlers. Nexl came the flat red lands along the Potomac, in the vicinity of Darnfistown and Pooles- ville, which were surveyed and -ranted. Among the first was Wickham's Good Will, surveyed for James Plummer in 1723, and contained two hundred and seventy acres. This tract is situated on Muddy Branch, near w here the road from Gaithersburg to I>n Fief's farm crosses the stream, and em- braces the farm of J. Hardesty. The Joseph, granted Joseph \\ est, Julj 1st, L723, and con- tained three hundred acres, lying on Muddy Branch. The road from Kockville to Darnestown paoOOO through the tract, winch 44 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. has its beginning at a stone at the north-east corner of the bridge over .Muddy Branch. Mi«l Plantation, surveyed for Daniel Dulaney, May 30th, lTl'4, and embraced seven hundred and twenty two acres, Tins tract is situated at the mouth of Great Seneca, where the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal passes through it. Magrnder's and Beall's Honesty, granted to Daniel Magruder and Charles Beall, May 16th, ITlm;, and contained one thousand seven hundred and twenty-six acres, extends from "Leehe Forest,-' described in a preceding chapter, in a south-westerly direction to the Potomac River, and down the river to Edmond Brooke's farm, then returns with, or parallel with '^Friendship" and "Contention," before mentioned, and embraces the farm of William Beading. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal passes through it. Clewerwalcl Enlarged, surveyed for William (Mutt, July 17th, ITl'S, contains two thousand acres, and embraces the farms of the late Philip Stone, George Bradley, Joshua W. Offiitt, and others. Goose Pond, surveyed for .John Chittam, November 4th, lli'i;, for one hundred acres, lies on the Potomac a short dis- tance above the Great Falls, "and is traversed by the Chesa- peake and Ohio ('anal. Just below this, and immediately opposite the ('.real Palls, is Hear Don, surveyed for William Ott'utt, April 4th, 1729, and contained two hundred acres. Prevention, granted William Beall and others, July 4th, 1727, for eleven hundred and eighty-two acres. Rock Creek runs through the tract. Veins' Mill is located at the crossing of the Bockville and Washington Road. It embraces the Pock Creek farm of Judge Bouic, and others. Saint Mary's, granted Caleb Litton, dune 28th, L727, for sixty-seven acres, lies south of Bockville, on the city road. In a previous chapter it was stated that the original Pockville stood on "Exchange and New Exchange Enlarged." The additions will now be given: Valentino's Garden Enlarged, surveyed for Arthur Nelson, June 17th, L720, and contained nine hundred and fifty acres. The same re-surveyed as follows: HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 45 Ke-snrvey on Valentine's Garden Knlarge extend up tin- Potomac, and a neighbor is found for Richard Brightwell, who located near Edward's Ferry in UiiC). For twenty-six years he had braved the perils of his "Hunting Quarter," and during this time had seldom visited the lower settlements, being content with his dogs, ]>et bears and deers for companions, until Concord was granted fo Daniel Dulaney, April 26th, 1721, for one thousand one hundred and six acres, which was located about one mile above "Brightwell's Bunting Quarter," en the Potomac River, and one hundred yards above the month of Broad Pun, where the line begins and extends up the Potomac to some distance above White's Ferry, taking in most of the bottom lands, thrdugh which runs the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Hanover, granted to Dr. Patrick Hepburn. March 16th, 172% for one thousand five hundred acres. This tract is situ- ated on the head waters of the Dry Seneca, and embrace- the forms of Howard Griffith, Samuel Darby, the late Grafton Beall, and others. I lint's Grove, surveyed for John Flint, July 4th, ITl'U. and contained three hundred acres, lies on Dry Seneca, and includes the farm of Thomas Fife. Happy Ciioiee, surveyed for ANilliam Black, May 20th, L724, for eleven hundred and eighty-six acres, and lies on the road from P.arnesville to Poekville. William O. Sellman's farm and others are included in this tract. Hopewell, granted to John Norress, October 31st, I7i't;, lies east of Damascus. Trouble Enough Indeed, granted to Thomas Whitten, in 1761, contains two thousand four hundred and ninety-two acres, lies between Clarksburg and Damascus, and embraces the lands near King s Distillery. By glancing at the map of the County, and starting from a point on the Patuxent, east of Richard II. Griffith's residence, and draw a line to William Griffith's residence on Hawlings' 48 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. River, thence to Brookeville, thence to Redland, thence to Charles_ Saffell's res idence , thence to F. A. Tschiftely's resi- dence, thence to where the river road crosses Watts' Branch, thence up the river road to the road from Poolesville to White's Ferry, thence west to the Potomac River, a tolerably well defined boundary line of the settlements made before 1730 will be had, excepting a few mentioned settlements made on the head-waters of the Great Seneca and the Dry Seneca. Beyond this bound- ary line but very few settlements were made previous to 1741. Within these limits the settlement went on regularly as before, but after 1741, the settlements again rapidly extended all over the County, so that by 1775 very little vacant land remained. After this period only here and there a vacancy was discovered, and then a re-survey on the adjacent tract would be made to include the vacancy or vacancies. From the earliest settlement to 1700, the grants were given as lying in Charles County; from 1700 to 1745, they were given as lying in Prince George's County; from 1745 to 1776, they were given as lying in Frederick County; and since 1776, all grants have been from Montgomery County. CHAPTER VIII. Frederick City. Georgetown, I). C. Tobacco. Rolling Roads. French War. Defeat of General Braddock. Massacre of the Settlers. The Revolution. Meeting at old Hungerford Tavern. Resolutions. Formation of Montgomery Comity, — Named after General Richard Montgomery. Rockville, — the County Seat. Districts of the County. Orphans' Court. Registers of Wills. Members of the State Convention. V Frederick, now the second city of the State, was laid out 1745, and made the County town in 1748, — at which time Fred- erick County was formed, having- been carved out of Prince George's. Georgetown was laid out iu 1751 by an Act of the General • Assembly, which set forth there was a convenient site for a town at the mouth of Rock Creek on the Potowmack River, adjacent to the Inspec tion House, called George Gordon's Roll- ing House, and that Captain Henry Wright Crabb, John Need- ham, John Clagett, James Perrie, Samuel Magruder the 3rd, Josias Bead, and David Lynn, should be commissioned for Frederick Comity, and authorized to purchase sixty acres of Messrs. George Gordon and George Beall, at the place aforesaid, to be erected into a town .-ailed Gteorge Town . For the advant- age of the town and encouragement of the back inhabitants, the Commissioners were authorized to hold two Fairs annually, for three successive days, during which every one attending the same should be free from arrest, except for felony or breach of the peace. In 1783, a tract of land called the Rock ofBvmbarton belonging to Thomas Beall, was added to the town. In 1789. the town was incorporated, and Robert Peter was appointed. Mayor, and John Mackall Garrett, Recorder. Brooke Beall, Bernard O'Neal, Thomas Bead of George, James ^McCubbin J 50 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Lingan, John Thirl keld, and John Peter, Aldermen, so long as they shall well behave themselves therein. Falling- within the limits of the "ten miles square" that were ceded to the United States, by the States of Maryland and Vir- ginia, in 1702, it has ever since formed a part of the District of Columbia. The settlers multiplied and prospered, and the remunerative prices obtained lor tobacco, which . could be so successfully grown on their new lauds, stimulated their enterprise. There was a great stir and much activity displayed when the tobacco was ready for market. The huge and stout hogsheads were fitted up with rough shafts, fastened to cleets, in which revolved the strong axle like pins inserted in either end. A single horse was attached, and the driver walking by the side, began to "roll" his tobacco to the market-town, generally Georgetown or Elk Ridge Landing. Some of these roads are still known as "Boil- ing Roads." Their lives were spent in harmony and peace, until the break ing out of the French War, and the defeat of General Braddock in 1755, and the invasion of the western frontier of the province by the French and Indians from Fort Du Quesne. A period of terror and desolation ensued; the settlements were attacked and broken up; the outposts driven in; and some of the smaller posts captured and their garrisons massacred. More than twenty plantations were laid waste, and their occupants massa- cred or carried into captivity. A force was organized from the' lower district of Frederick County, (now Montgomery,) under Colonel Ridgely and Captain Alexander Beall,who went to the rescue and a horded protection to the settlers. General Braddock marched through this County on his ill-fated expedition, and encamped for one night within the present limits of Rockville. After the excitement attending the French and Indian War had subsided, nothing of military or political interest occurred, until the convulsions immediately preceding the Revolution. When the news reached the people that the British had blockaded the port of Boston, a meeting was called at the famous old Hungerford Tavern, the proceedings of which were as follows: HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 51 "FREDERICK COUNTY, MD., RESOLUTIONS." "At a meeting of a respectable and numerous body of the freemen of the lower part of Frederick County, at Charles Hungerford's Tavern, on Saturday, the 11th day of June, 1774. Mr. Henry Griffith, Moderator. "l.s-f. Resolved unanimously, That it is flic opinion of this meeting', that the town of Boston is now suffering in the com- mon cause of America. " 2)id. Besolved unanimously, That every legal and constitu- tional measure ought to be used by all Americans for procuring a repeal of the Act of Parliament for blocking up the harbor of Boston . u 3rd. Resolved unanimously, That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the most effectual means for the securing of American freedom will be to break off all commerce with (heat Britain and the West Indies, until the said Act be repealed, and the right of taxation given up on permanent principles. u 4.th. Resolved unanimously, That Mr. Henry Griffith, Dr. Thomas Sprigg Wootton, Nathan Magruder, Evan Thomas, Richard Brooke, Richard Thomas, Zadok Magruder, Dr. Wil- liam Baker, Thomas Oramphin, Jr., and Allen Bowie, be a Committee to attend the General Committee at Annapolis, and of Correspondence for the lower part of Frederick County, and that any six of them shall have power to receive and communi- cate intelligence to and from the neighboring Committees. u oth. Resolved unanimously, That a copy of these our senti- ments be immediately transmitted to Annapolis and inserted in the Maryland Gazette. "Archib'ALD Orme, Clerk: 7 Frederick County proper did not call a similar meeting until the 20th of June, nine days later. The Committee which met at Annapolis appointed Matthew Tilghman, Thomas Johnson} Robert Goldsborough, William Baca, and Samuel Chase, members of the State Committee of Safety and Correspondence. The .territory now became too extensively peopled to remain under one municipal government, and, in 177<». was divided into three district municipalities, viz : Frederick County, constituting 52 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 1 he central; Washington County, the upper; and Montgomery County, the lower division. Montgomery County was name(J alter the gallant General Richard Montgomery, who fell on the Heights of Quebec in 1775, yielding up his life in the heroic attempt to rescue the Canadas from the dominion of Great Britain, and secure them to the then struggling cause of liberty in the American Colonies. This was the first County that ignored the custom of naming towns and counties after princes, lords and dukes, and adopting in their stead illustrious republican names. As subdivisions went on, and new counties were formed, such pretentious names as My Lord Baltimore, Lord Frederick, Lord Arundel, and Prince George, gave way before advancing ideas, and names made memorable, both in the civil and military service, ap- peared, viz: Washington, Carroll, Howard, and Garrett — all distinguished by a long and honorable career as eminent citizens and public officers. The first efforts towards the organization of Montgomery County was made by Dr. Thomas Sprigg Wo'otton, a member of the State Convention, who, on the 31st of August, 17711, pre- sented to the President of the Convention, an Ordinance for the division of Frederick County into three distinct and sepa- rate counties, — which was read and ordered to lie on the table. On the Oth of September following the Ordinance was again called up, and passed by a small majority. In relation to Mont- gomery County, il Resolved, That alter the first day of October next, such part of the said County of Frederick, as is contained within the bounds and limits following, to wit: Beginning at the east Bide of the mouth of Bock Creek on the Potomac River, and running thence with the said river to the mouth of the Moiioeacv, then with a straight line to Par's Spring, from thence With the line of the County to the beginning, shall be and is hereby erected into a new County called MONTGOMERY COUNTY. In the succeeding year Rockville was selected as the County-seat, it was then but a small hamlet, with several small holdings, including Ilungerford*s Tavern, which is still standing and occupied by Mrs. Susan Btissell, whoso grand- father, Joseph Wilson, built and owned it, and the AnTterson house, in which Miss Julia Anderson lives. The old court- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 53 house \v;is built shortly afterwards, and the first Court held in 177!). On the 3rd of August, 1784, William Rrather Williams pur- chased the land surrounding the court-honse, and immediately caused it to be laid off into streets and town lots by Col. Archi- bald Orme, County Surveyor, and named it Williamsbur g. At the November Session, 1801, of the General As- mbly of the Stale, an Act was passed, which, after reciting that Un- titles to these lots were uncertain, because there was no record of the survey thereof made by Col Qrme, erected the place into a town called Rockville, and appointed Commissioners tore- survey it. At the November Session, 1802, there was a supplemental Act passed, and, in 1803, the Commissioners caused the re- survey and a plan of the town to be math- by William Smith, County Surveyor, which is recorded in Liber L., of the Land Records of the County. It was at Hist contemplated to call tin- town Wattsville, but Watts' Branch being regarded as too insignificant a stream, it was finally concluded to honor its more assuming neighbor. Block Creek, and heme the name, Bockville. The old Bungerford, or Russell House, is not only the oldest building in the place, but also, from its associations, the object of greatest interest to the antiquary. Mrs. Richard Wootton, a sister in-law of that Thomas Sprigg Wootton who moved the erection of the County, danced at a ball given in it one hundred and nine years ago. The new County having been erected and furnished with a capital, it soon became necessary to lay if off into precincts; and. in 17f cannon are ;it this time to be found in the stream of water that flows at the base of the building. The Convention having resolved to enroll forty companies of minute men, required eight or one-fifth of the whole to be raised in Frederick County, which then included what is now Mont- gomery and Washington Counties. 58 HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. In raising the State contingent to reinforce the Federal armies in 1778, two years after the formation of Montgomery County, of the whole number, 2902 men required, Frederick's quota was 300, Montgomery's was 156, and Washington's 108 men, about the same proportion, one-fifth. The two batallions required from Maryland for the relief of Boston were both selected from Montgomery and Frederick Counties, and from the number of officers from Montgomery who survived the Revolution and joined the Cincinnati Society at its close, it will be seen that a large portion not only of those troops, but of the entire Maryland line, were from this County. The names of the members of the Cincinnati Society were, C. Bicketts, Lieutenant; Lloyd Beall, Captain; Samuel B. Beall, Lieutenant; Henry < blither, Captain; Richard Anderson, Cap- tain; James McCubbin Lingan, Captain; Richard Chiderson, Captain; David Lynn, Captain. In addition to the members of that Society were Colonels Charles Greenbury Griffith and Richard IJrooke; Captains Edward Burgess and Robert Briscoe; Lieutenants Greenbury Caither, John Gaither, Elisha Beall, Elisha Williams. John Lynn and John Courts Jones; Ensigns Thomas Edmonson, John Griffith and William Lamar, and Quartermaster Richard Thompson, all from this County. It was a dark hour that the Maryland line was destined to enter the field. On the 10th of -Inly, 1776, six days utter the passage of the Declaration of Independence, six companies under Colonel Smallwood, and three from Baltimore, embarked for the head of Elk River, whence they marched to New York, and were incorporated in Lord Stirling's Brigade. They were well appointed and organized, composed of young and spirited men, who had already acquired the skill and presence of well drilled soldiers. No unofficer like appearance and deportment could be tolerated by the Marylanders, who at this time were distinguished by the most fashionable cut coats, the most ,-tylish of cocked hats, and the hottest blood in the Union. On their arrival they immediately won the confidence of the Com- mander-in-Chief, and from the moment of their arrival, were thrown upon the advanced posts, and disposed as covering parties. The four independent companies remaining in Maryland, as was also the Hying camp, were ordered to join Col. Smallwood. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 69 The achievements and deeds of valor performed by the offi- cers and men in the desperate battles on Long Island, White Plains, Port Washington, Trenton and Princeton, gave to the Old Maryland lane its synonym for heroic valor and devoted patriotism. During this campaign, a most dark and bloody one, but fall of glory to the Maryland lane, the regiment was reduced to a mere handful of men under the command of a captain. The old line was almost annihilated. It having been found accessary to establish an army in the South tor the purpose of re-conquering South Carolina and Georgia from the British, and drive the invaders from North Carolina, the Maryland Line was detached from the main army, near New York in April, 1780, and inarched through New Jer8ey, Pennsylvania, and embarked at the head of Elk River fa- Baltimore. The first ami second brigades were immediately Idled up, and passed through the State early in May, num- bering about two thousand men, many of whom were from Montgomery and Frederick Counties. The most of that gallant and veteran army looked for the last time upon their beloved State; they offered up their lives in the defence of their brothers in the South. Their deeds of prowess, from the battle of Cam- den, where, under the command of Colonel Otho 11. Williams, of Montgomery County, General Smallwood, and Colonel John Eager Howard, including the bloody struggles of Cowpens. Guilford Court House, Ninety-Six, Paitaw Springs, and the Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, which took place on the L9th of October, 1781, nobly exemplifying the (act, that from the Heights of Brooklyn to the cotton fields of the Oarolinas, the Mankind Line maintained their reputation for discipline and valor, worthy to be enrolled on monuments of marble and bronze. They were not mercenary soldiers, but farmers, mer- chants, and mechanics, who pledged their fortunes and lives to the Cause Of liberty. The officers, elected by the Convention for this County, con- sisted of Colonels, .John Murdock and Zadok Magruder; Lien tenant Colonels, Thomas Johns and Charles G. Griffith; First Majors. Richard and Francis Hcukins: Second Majors, William Deakins and Richard Crabb; Quarter-Master, Samuel DuValL These wen- the representative men of the day. and as 60 niSTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. of the cause of independence and freedom in its infancy, are worthy of perpetual remembrance. Montgomery County furnished soldiers for the War of 1812, / in which Major George Peters served with distinction. At the battle of Bladensburg, in 1814, the militia from this County and Prince George's, under the command of Commodore Barney, aided by a body of seamen and marines , maintained their ground until they were overpowered by numbers, and the Com- modore taken prisoner. The eneiny then proceeded to Wash- ington, burned the Capitol, President's house and many other buildings. President Madison was compelled to take flight, and sought safety in Brookeville, in this County, from whence he issued his dispatches. In the late war between the sections, a large force entered the armies. Among the officers in the Con- federate service, none were more distinguished for capacity, efficiency and valor, than the lamented Colonel Ridgely Brown, Colonel Elijah Veirs White, Colonel T. H. S. Boyd, Colonel Gus Dorsey and Colonel Benjamin iS. White. In addition to these, there were Captains Thomas Griffith, Festus Griffith, George W. Chiswell and James Anderson, and Lieutenant Edward Chiswell, Surgeon Edward Wootten, and a host of other officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, all of • revolutionary descent, and who, whether in a good or bad cause, illustrated the valor of the race and well maintained tin 1 repu- tation of the old Maryland Line. So, from the first French and Indian War upon our borders, to the late sectional straggle, the people responded with alacrity to what they conceived to be the call of military duty. Their hearts ever glowing with the tire of patriotism. CHAPTER X. First Revolutionary Soldier. Montgomery's Revolutionary Roll. Pension Acts. Names of Pensioners. Meteoric Showers, as witnessed at the home of Charles Saffell, the Oldest Pensioner on the IJst. Scenes in Gaithershury and Roekville. The first Revolutionary soldier pensioned in Montgomery < bounty was James Carrant. He was placed on the roll in com- pliance with the general Invalid Pension Law, approved June 7th, 1785, and died September 4th, 1822. Francis Hutchinson was also a pensioner, but not revolutionary. He belonged to the regular army of the United States. Samuel Harris was pensioned as a matross of the revolutionary artillery, and died on the 19th of September, 1820; and William A. Xeedham was also a revolutionary pensioner, placed on the roll in 1808. William O'Xeal, was a private iu the Maryland militia at some period not known, and placed on the pension roll, per Act April 30th, 1810, at the rate of $48 per annum; and Samuel B. White was a private in the revolutionary army, pensioned per Act June 7th. 1785, and died .January 16th, 1832. -lames White was also a pensioner, per Act June 7th, 1785. He belonged to the revolutionary army, but the time of his death is not known. All the soldiers named above were invalid pensioners, pensioned on account of wounds and disability received in the service of the United States, in the line of their duty, and they honorably appear on old Montgomery's roll of honor, as good men, tried and true. The following revolutionary soldiers, residing in Montgomery County, were pensioned by an Act of Congress, approved the 18th of March, 1818. In order to obtain the benefit of this Act, they were required to prove nine mouths service in the Conti- nental army, and exhibit, under oath, a schedule showing that their property was worth no more than $500. Another Act was passed on the 1st of May, 1820, requiring the exhibition of 62 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. another schedule, and, if in the meantime, their property had increased, so as to exceed $500 in value, they were dropped from the pension roll. These Acts of Congress were very dis- tasteful to the old soldiers, for they looked upon them as offer- ing a reward to soldiers for keeping themselves in poverty. The first name in the County placed on the pension roll, in com-. pliance with the Act of 1818, was John Bobbins, on the 6th of April, 1818, aged 72 years, at the rate of $96 per annum. He belonged to the " Old Maryland Line," so distinguished in all the battles in which it took a part All the pensioners under this Act, if privates, received $96 per annum; if commissioned officers, they were allowed $240 per annum. The second name y placed on the roll was that of Joseph Kay, aged 65 years, also of the Maryland Continental lane. Then followed the names of Thomas Penefill, aged. 72 years, who died December 15th, 1832; James Ervin, aged 07, who died June 28th, L827; George Field, aged 80, time of death unknown; Robert Eurdle, aged 7o, time of death unknown; John Jordon, aged 77, time of death unknown; Henry Leeke, age not given, dropped from the roll per Act May 1st, 1820, lime of death unknown. These were privates of the Maryland Line. James Campbell, of Virginia Line, aged 71 years, private, died September 14th, 1827; Beltzor Lohr, Pennsylvania Line, 1 7(1, private, died February 27th, 1827; Thomas Lingan, Lieutenant, Maryland Line, aged <*>7, died May 28th, 1825; William Layman. Ensign, Maryland Line, aged SI, dropped from the roll per Act .May 1st, 1820, rest (.red March 22nd, L826, time of death unknown. The two officers lasl named were pen- sioned at the rate of $240 per annum. The following named soldiers of the revolutionary war, residing in the County, were pensioned per Act of Congress, approved dune 7th, 1832. The minimum rate of pension allowed a pri- vate under this Act. was $20 per annum for six months service in any department of the revolutionary army, and increased, pro rata, according to the time of service, so as not to exceed the rate of $80 per annum, the maximum, for I wo years service. No grade of officer was allowed more than $600 per annum, for two years service. Periods of service for less than two years, were rated according to rank and lime of service. Every soldier was entitled to pension under this Act, without regard to 30.15 u " (1 « 79. 30.00 u l( (( " 78. 80.00 » (1 a " 77. 79.66 (( New York a (t 88.00 U Maryland u " 84. 85.97 u u u " 76. HISTORY OF MOM GH »MI BB1 COUNTY. 63 the value of bia property, and many who Lost their pensions od tlie passage Of the Act Of May 1st, L820, were restored by the Act Of 1832. All pensions under this Act were made to commence on the. 4th of March, 1831; Those pensioned were as follows: _ Geo. Beckwith, Sergeant, $32.50 per ann., Maryland Line, age 74. Richard Barrett, " Giles Easton, Private, Caleb Galwortli, " ('has. Morris. Corporal, Chas. Saffell, Musician, Joseph Warfield, Lieutenant, 85.97 Saml. Griffith, Captain, 414.00 Jamee Fling, Private, 80.00 " Virginia " " 78. Charles Saffell, the oldest man on the list, died in 1837. The following thrilling- account of a visit to the home of this old veteran, on the occasion ot the great Meteoric Showers on the night of the 12th of November, 1833, four years previous to his death, will be interesting. "Five miles beyond the mill. (Cloppers on the great Seneca,) at early candle light. I reined np at the farm of Charles Saffell, an old soldier, then 84 years of age, who had been a musician in the Revolutionary Army. The old gentleman had a drum, life ami fiddle, an old English musket, which he captured at the battle of lbandywine, and many other relics from the 'days that tried men's BOuls.' He was spending the calm evening of his long life in singing our long catalogue of heroes, yet un- sung; and from his sweet flute, life and violin I ardently drank in the inspiring melodies of the revolution. At the hour Of ten o'clock 1 took a candle and a nor of paper matches, about the length and appearance of a row of pins, and retired to bed in an upper room. The matches were made h\ cutting out a piece of paper about three inches long, and one wide, and making a do/en clips with a pair of scissors, into one of the longer edges of the paper so prepared, as to extend about three- quarters of the distance across its width. This clipped I was dipped into the combustible mixture, and when dry, all that was necessar.N to produce a tlame, was to tear off one OJ these clippings ami draw its dipped ends gently along between the tip of the forefinger and the wall of your room, or over the 04 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. surface of any other rough substance. I struck the match, the first kind known in trade, and with a cheerful and glad heart lit the candle. I was under the cover and yielded to tired nature's sweet restorer, but soon encountered very singular and inexplicable experience, which I will mention, for I am writing facts, of which I ought not to be ashamed. The air being keen and frosty, three counterpanes were on the bed, and I slid under them and made a survey of the surroundings in the dark room before trying my hand at sleep. On entering the room I discovered a wooden bolt on the door and made it fast against intrusion; saw several chairs, other articles of furniture, and two windows only, over which curtains Avere hanging, one of them being at the back of the bed, within reach of the occu- pant. Trying my hand at sleep, I met with half success, but just at this stage of proceeding, imagine my surprise when, by some unseen force, the three counterpanes were drawn violently from the bed to the floor! After recovering from my surprise and fright, I visited the ruins on the floor, recaptured the counterpanes, and courted sleep once more. After a time, I fell into a troubled sleep, and down went the counterpanes again with greater violence than at first. I sprang down after them, found the matches, lit the caudle, and searched for the intruder, but no such party could be found, neither in nor under the bed, nor elsewhere in the room. "I made up the bed again, got in, tried to sleep, but the fates bad decreed that I should not, for sleep had departed to climes to me unknown. After a long trial, I know not how long, I nervously fell into its arms again, but was suddenly roused by a terrific stream of unearthly light, flashing through the win- dow, curtain and all, and blazing over the room from floor to ceiling! Suddenly drawing the curtain aside, I beheld a great ball of fire, as large as the sun and moon, appear, rushing from the direction of the zenith, and describing a circular or parabolic curve towards the far distant south-western horizon ! Hearing at the same time a great uproar among the servants down in the yard, I sprang from the bed to the next window, and looked out upon the great Meteoric shower of the 12th and 13th of Novem- ber, 1833. Rushing down into the yard, I saw a squad of fright- ened servants, so terrified indeed that they knew nothing save that the world was coming to an end. The old soldier appeared HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 65 at the door, asked me to come into his room, and said it was nothing— he had seen the like before. The shower continued till overpowered by daylight, the stars rushing down through space like snow-flakes, yet vastly more luminous. Fearful balls of fire shot madly towards the earth, like the pyrotechnic rocket shoots upward, consuming their substance in flight, or losing it by fric- tion against the walls of air. Most of the meteors were as large and brilliant as the stars themselves; and it required no vivid imagination to suppose that these celestial bodies were then rushing down to earth; for the heavens blazed with an inces- sant discharge of fiery globes that burst in countless numbers from the cloudless sky. "Leaving the old soldier's house, I hurried on to Rockville, through Gaithersburg, looking all along the road for traces of the great phenomenon; some natural record or engraving of its occurrence; but could discover none, save in the eternal Hint of words and memory. All whom I talked with on the way took a religious view of the case, none venturing an astronomical or meteorological solution of the great problem so suddenly sprung upon them. It Avas therefore generally believed that the time had come when 'the stars of heaven shall fall,' and when 'the powers of the heaven shall be shaken,' for the con- fusion was so great that not one could call to mind the fact that the great Egyptian, Grecian, Roman and Jewish stars of empire and powers of heaven, referred to by the great Teacher and Prophet, had already fallen along the Mediterranean shores, to make way for other great stars of empire, climbing the canopy of nations, and holding their way westward. "At Gaithersburg, and on the road from that village to Rockville, I met great numbers of people hurrying to and fro that their knowledge might be increased. The theory that all the stars were down and that not a luminary would blaze and twinkle in the heavens during the coming night, was generally supported by those who took a Biblical view of the matter on their 'own hook;' but such as had the least claim to common sense, knew better, and sought an explanation somewhere out- side of the lids of the Bible. "About 9 o'clock on the morning of the 13th, I reined up before the old hotel in Rockville, and soon entered the bar-room, but I shall break down in the attempt to describe appearances <)<» HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. in that room, in front of the door, on the porch, in the street, and wagon-yard, — not that [ did not see mid remember well enough to do so — but that description was so beggared that no pen was, nor is, adequate to the task. — I saw lawyers, physi- cians, ministers, farmers, wagoners, sportsmen in the chase, and at the card-table — all repenting of their sins; confessing to one another; taking and denying positions, and covering up tracks. Certain of them confessed that when they first saw the raging meteoric shower cast its globes of fire to the ground, and against the outside walls and the windows of their room, they rushed from the card-table, cast their pack into the fire, and kneeled in prayer before a long neglected throne of* mercy. They prayed ardently, it is said, until the shower was overpow- ered by daylight, and just as 1 entered the bar-room, I saw some of the accused coming down stairs with elongated faces unwashed, uncombed hair, unbrushed clothing, unblacked boots, and caved-in beavers! One excited orator stood forth in the bar room, and declared that every man, who believed the big stars had fallen, was a fool; for he had watched them dur- ing the whole time of the shower, and not one of them had for- saken its post in the heavens.. 'When night comes/ said he, 'you may miss some of the little stars, but my word for it, the big ones will be there.' Countrymen on their way to market declared that they saw great stars fall, explode and bury their fragments in the earth, "I soon left for Georgetown to gain experience there; ami here, in conclusion, I remark, that persons grown up since the year L833, can never obtain an idea of the great meteoric Shower worthy of the name of an idea, for it must be seen only to lie realized, and that by large and cultivated capacities." chaptp:k xi. First Member of Congress from this County. Whisht/ Insurrec- tion in Pennsylvcmia. Names of Montgomerians who served in the Federal Congress. Hon. Montgomery Bladr as Cabinet Minister. Members of Reform Nate Conventions, L850-51, 18(54, 1867. First County Surveyor. First Schools. An Act for Purchasing School Property. Academics, Colleges, dr., and their Students. First Church in the County, Parson William »o», Rector. The first Member of Congress from this County was General Jeremiah (Jrabb, a, member of one of the first Congresses. At the close of the Revolutionary war, he received-a commis- sion as Genera] from General George Washington, and was employed against the whiskey insurrectionists in Pennsylvania. This was occasioned by the first attempt at obtaining a revenue from interna] taxes, by an Act, passed in 17!>1, imposing duties on domestic distilled spirits. This Act had from the first been very unpopular in many parts of the country. During this year tin 1 attempts to enforce the Act led to open defiance of the laws in the western counties of Pennsylvania. After two ineffectual proclamations by the President, he was compelled to call into action a large military force, in order to quell the insurgents. The names of the different gentlemen who have at various periods since served in the Federal Congress, from this ( minty. are, Patrice Mag rider, Thomas Plater. Philip Barton Key, Alexander Contee Sanson, at one time chancellor of the Stale. GEORGE PETER, GEORGE C. WASHINGTON, and Richard .!. Bowie, who has also held the position of Chief .Judge of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, and is now one of the Associate Justices of that Court, and Chief Judge of the Sixth .Judicial Circuit of this State. The County has also fur- nished one Cabinet .Minister to the General Government — Hon. Montgomery Blair: and two Presidents of the .Mary- 68 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. land Senate — Benjamin S. Forrest and William Lingan Gaither. The members from this County of the Reform State Conven- tion of 1850 and 1851, were Dr. Washington Waters, James W. Anderson, John Brewer, Allen Bowie Davis, and John Mortimer Kilgour. Of the State Convention of 1804, Dr. Edmond P. DuVall, Thomas Lansdale and George Peter; and of the Convention ot 1807, Dr. Nicholas Brewer, Dr. Washington DuVall, Samuel Riggs of R. and Greenbury M. Watkins. Thomas Davis was Surveyor of the County in 1790, and besides being a good practical surveyor, was frequently elected to represent his native County in the Legislature, the Electoral College for electing the State Senators, under the old Constitu- tion, and as a member of the Governor's Council. He served as a Justice of the Peace, a member of the Board of Tax Com- missioners, Judge of the Levy and Orphans' Courts, and also was one of the Associate Judges of the County Court, before the change of the system requiring all three of the Judges to be taken from the legal profession. Besides these public duties, he was frequently called upon to draw deeds, wills and con- tracts, and to act as umpire or arbitrator in settling disputes between neighbors and other citizens of the County. He was also one of the founders and leading trustees of the Brookville Academy, and of St. Bartholomew's Protestant Episcopal (march, in whose Vestry and Communion he died in 1833, in the sixty-tilth year of his age, deeply lamented and mourned by a wide circle of friends and relatives, — a life worthy of record and imitation. An Act for the encouragement of learning and erecting schools in the several Counties of the State, passed in 1723, enacted that one school should be established in each County, with seven visitors appointed for each, with power to hold lands to the value of one hundred pounds sterling per annum, and were required to purchase one hundred acres of land for the use of the school, and erect necessary buildings for master and school, and certain moneys were appropriated, and directed to be equally divided between the Counties. The masters were required to teach as many poor children as the Visitors should determine. Under this law, County Schools HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 69 were erected in all the older and more populous Counties. In further pursuance of this policy, the Assembly of 1703, chapter 32, declaring it was reasonable that education should be extended equally to the-geveral parts of the Province, and that there should be a Public* School erected in Frederick County, as well as in other Counties. In order to the erecting and build- ing a house and other conveniences for a County School, enacted there should be one acre purchased iu Frederick Town, in Fred- erick County ; that Col. Thomas Cresap, Mr. Thos. Beatty, Mr. Nathan Magruder, Capt. Joseph Chapline, Mr. John Darnall, > Col. Samuel Bead and the Rev. Mr. Thomas Bacon, be Visitors of the School, and authorized to purchase the lot. It was further enacted that an equal dividend of the duties, taxes, &c, collected for the use of the County Schools, shall be paid to said Visitors, and applied to the purchase of said lots and buildings. The Public School System, under the control of the Church of England, although tainted with the intolerance of the period, displays a commendable solicitude for the cultivation of the minds and morals of the youth of the Colony. In the absence of Collegiate Institutions, Private Schools conducted by learned men, ecclesiastical and lay, of all creeds, laid the foundation of scholastic knowledge. The more affluent youth were educated abroad; but the log school house, and the winter fireside, developed the seeds of science in many minds, and produced a race of men of extraordinary mental endowments and capacity for public affairs. The first School of any reputation in the County, was a Sem- inary for young men, established towards the close of the Revolutionary War, by Mr. James Hunt, a Presbyterian Clergyman from Philadelphia, on his farm called "TUSCULUM," now memorable as the Alma Mater of William Wirt. It was here he was prepared, as far as scholastic training could pro- par*' him, for that brilliant career which has made his name one of the most illustrious in American annals. The next Classical Institution established in the County, was the IloCKViLLE Academy, chartered in 1809, and the J.rooke- ville Academy next in 1814. Both of these Institutions are handsomeh endowed by the State, and have been in successful operation ever since their foundation, and have exerted a refin- 70 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ing and elevating influence, not only on the youth of the Comity, but extending throughout the different sections of the country. Many private institutions of learning-, of efficiency and repu- tation, have since been established aJf Kockville, Brookeville, Sandy Spring, Darnestown and Poflftsville, while the Public School System is the best that could be devised. Involuntary ignorance is no longer possible, and ignorance of every kind is being rapidly eradicated. A description of one of the early schools will be interesting, describing the scenes and incidents connected with education fifty years ago, at the Barnesvllle Academy, near the Village of Barnesville in this < Ymuty. It was called in those days Hays' School House, and consisted of a room sixty feet long by thirty feet wide, built to accommodate about one hun- dred scholars; old style desks, carefully made with drawers for keeping the books in safe condition, were arranged around the walls, and along the middle of the floor. Two ten plate stoves, made for burning wood, half the cord stick in length, warmed the hall ; shelves extended* all around the upper part of the walls near the ceiling, for the storage of grtib baskets; and nails were driven in the walls, close under these shelves, for the hanging up of cloaks, hats, bonnets and shawls. The princi- pal's desk was placed at the south end of the hall. On it sat the bell, the much dreaded bell in ''play time," whose sound must not be disregarded. Before it, reposed the rattan, a foreigner by growth, yet it frequently made itself too familiar with the school boys, for the comfort of the latter. Contrary to the general laws of war, it would attack them in the rear, and make retreat impossible. The halcyon days of the academy Mere from 1830 to 1836; Thomas Garr Lannan, a graduate of Belfast College, Ireland, was the principal; and, for a time, .Mr. Rogers and Mr. McGary, two voting candidates for holy orders in the Catholic Church, his assistants. Beginning with the young ladies, who graded high in [Mr. Lannan's classes, comes Miss Henrietta llerwood, a beautiful and queenhj young lady, sixteen or seventeen years of age, who came four miles to school, riding on the same horse, behind her elder brother. She was an orphan and resided with the family of Richard A. Harding near the month of Monocacy; HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 71 Miss Mary Plummer, a mild and gifted young lady of sixteen, beautiful of face and form, with energies Bufficii iduce her to scon, the foot of any class: Miss Caroline Murphy, the accomplished belle of the. Sugar Loaf, so charming as to be able to break multitudes of sfftng hearts without her knowledge or cousent. She rendered "Old Zip Toon" so sweetly on" the piano, that, on oft-repeated occasions, the light fantastic toe of her admirers would be set in motion keeping time with the melody. Miss Martha Hayes, a, very neat and handsome figure deep blue eyes, and intellectual forehead and face: she wa gifted in conversation, and general favorite in the school. Miss Mary Xicholls a beautiful, intellectual, and winning- young lady, bound to gravitate to the head of her class; .Miss Frances Trail! who fell behind none of the above mentioned in accomplish- ments, and .Miss Jane, her sister, a handsome blue-eyed girl, a sharp scholar, and general favorite; Miss Sarah Ellen Hays, a rare beauty, sweet singer, and an accomplished performer on the piano; Miss Ellen Jones, sixteen years old, beautiful and winning and a great favorite, highly esteemed by all her class- mates; Miss Mary Pearre, sister of Judge Pearre of Allegany County, not less beautiful than her classmates, yet more affec- tionate than many— her face just as intellectual as fair, was always seen at the head of her class, or thereabouts; Mis. Catharine Pearre, her sister— the words spoken of Mary are admirably adapted to her also; Miss Henrietta Wilcoxen, was the queen among the beauties of the County. These young ladies bore the old names of the County which carried a prestige, socially, of dominant influence. They silently told the story of their well-bred existence to every one who saw them; and appeared to be, as they really were, the daughters of unostentatious gentlemen of the old school, who planted and built for themselves and their posterity. The young gentlemen who attended the academy at this time were Edward Hays, Mortimore Trail. Oscar Trail, Thomas Nichols, Richard Belt, Thomas Harwood, John Bellman, Gassa- way Grimes, Howard Bellman, Thomas Johnson, James Pearre, Thomas Austin, Stephen Jay, Pickering White, George Pearre! David Ilershey, John Hershey, Lemuel Peall. Avery Bell, William Bellman, Richard Thompson, .John Reid, Robert Self 72 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. man, William Saffell, Hamilton Anderson, King Jay, Reuben Carley, Philemon Plummer. Gassaway Grimes, Richard Thompson and John Reid belonged to the higher Latin and Greek classes. They entered upon the study of medicine, graduated, and became very respectable in the profession. Dr. Thomson now lives in Clarksburg and has an extensive practice, surrounded by his children and grand-children ; he bids fair to live long in the enjoyment of his pleasant surroundings. Dr. Reid lives in Washington County; Dr. Grimes died in early life, not long after he commenced practice. ( >scar Trail, Edward Hays, Richard Belt and Thomas John- son belonged to the same class, and stood foremost in the academical course. Mr. Trail commenced the mercantile business in Baltimore, where he became a highly respected and successful merchant, but, to the great regret of all his friends and classmates, died early in life, leaving a young family. Messrs. Hays, Belt and Johnson took up some learned profession. George Bearre studied law in Frederick, became learned in the profession, and removed to Cumberland, where he became a Judge of Allegany Comity, whose distinguished abilities on the Bench fully declare his worth. William and Robert Sellman were respectable and ciii nest scholars, bent on "a business education," which this school well afforded. They made successful business men, highly respected in the community; John is now residing in Baltimore in very easy circumstances, and lias recently rilled a seat in the City Council with much ability and favor. Robert i,» also in Baltimore, where he has, for a great number of years, held and is still holding, to the entire satisfaction of the mercantile community, the office of Inspector of Flour. William now resides in our County, and has recently represented it in the Senate of Maryland, in a manner very satisfactory to his constituents. John Eershey, a noble young man, went into the ministry, after winning many prizes in the Latin and Creek classes, and became a useful and prominent Minister of the Gospel. At this school, the foundations for a thorough business educa- tion were well and truly laid down under the personal superin- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 73 tendence of the principal, and a training for the higher collegiate course was performed by him in a scholarly manner. All the Latin historians, poets, and orators occurring in the course between Jacob's Latin Eeader, and the polished sen- tences of Tacitus wen- well read and understood, and a similar Greek course kept equal pace with the Latin. A "business education," as understood at the Barnesville Academy, consisted in reading through the "English Reader," committing to memory a definition of all the words iu Walker's Small Diction an, ciphering as far as the "Single Rule of Three" in Arith- metic, with Grammar from Murray or Kirkham, sufficient to qualify the student to write an essay or letter over a half sheet of the large foolscap paper used in that day. To this was added Single Entry Book-Keeping, done on unruled paper, stitched together; for the purpose with needle and thread; but more frequently with awl and "wax end," obtained from shoe shops in the village. A balance sheet was struck ;it the end of six months, the course was finished, the student then graduated with "a business education" and retired from the school. This is what was generally understood as a business education fifty years ago. Graduating with a business education, with brains sharpened for the contest, the student, instead of retiring to the pursuits of life, would often enter the higher classes, springing as a lion into the arena, then woe to the poor stragglers in the rear, lor somebody must "step down and out," or make rapid strides towards the front After a course of gentle hazing, the new student was fully admitted into the society of the school. This was done by enticing the freshman into some amusing scrape with the principal, by ducking him in the snow in the winter; or he was by strategy on the part of the old regulars, repeatedly brought to "tin- knucks," at the game of marbles played in holes, until his hands were severely bruised. Mr. Lannan always made it a point to ascertain from the new scholar what business he wished to follow when grown up to manhood, and trained him accordingly, directing special and constant attention to the development of all his capacities in that direction. Public examinations were periodically held at the Academy. For a month or more previous they were drilled for the great 6 74 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. competitive struggle, in hard questions calculated to span over every branch of study. There was little or no literature in the early days of the County. But the public archives, the proceedings, reports, resolutions, and letters of public men, embodied in the Journals of the Con- vention; the legislation of the State immediately succeeding its organization as an independent sovereign power; the judicial opinions and the brilliant career of members of the bar edu- cated before and after, Martin, Pinkney, Wirt, Taney, Johnson, and men of that stamp, attest that the fountains from which (hey drank were both pure and invigorating. The first church in the County was the Rock Creek Church, in the Parish of Prince George, which extended over a portion of Prince George's County, and what is now the District of Columbia, and the whole of Montgomery and . Frederick Counties, but now only embraces a small territory around Roekville. Parson Williamson was the Rector in charge at the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, and built the fine old mansion of Hayes, formerly the seat of the Duulaps, and now the property of William Laird, Esq. He was supported by the compulsory tithe system. CHAPTER XII. First Public Roads. Rolling Tobacco to Market. Union Turn- pike. Washington, Colesville and Ashton. Columbia. The Old Baltimore. Rieer Road. Old Annapolis. Conduit. Old Potomac Company. Subscriptions to said Company. Chesa- peake and Ohio Canal. Coal Elerators in Georgetown. First Railroad in the Country. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Metropolitan Branch. The first public roads mentioned in the County, are the roads i'rom Georgetown to Frederick, and from Georgetown to Watts' Branch, provided for in the loan granted to the several Counties for road purposes, by the Act of Assembly, 1774. The next mention is of the road from Frederick to Georgetown, the road from Georgetown to the mouth of the Monocacy, and from the mouth of Monocacy to Montgomery Court House, (in the Act of Assembly, 1 790, to straighten and amend the public roads in the several Counties.) The planters at that early period did not use wheeled vehicles, but attached a sapling to each end of a tobacco hogshead, and thus formed a pair of shafts, by which they hauled the hogsheads for shipment to Europe, to Bladeus- burg, Georgetown, Elk Ridge, and Baltimore, and brought back their supplies of groceries and other necessaries on the backs of horses. They even brought their annual supply of herring and shad in this manner. Their clothing and bed linen were chiefly woven from home-grown flax and wool. Their personal travel was done exclusively on horse- back. Roads after this period rapidly multiplied. The turnpike from Kockville to Georgetown, the first paved road in the County, was originally chartered in 1800; but was actually constructed under an amendatory Act, containing the chief provisions of its present charter, passed in 1817. 76 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The Union Turnpike Road, leading from Washington to Brookeville, was chartered in 1849. It has recently built several branch roads, The Washington, Colesville and Ashton Turnpike road, chartered in 1870. The Columbia road runs from Washington to Westminster, passing through Brookeville. The Old Baltimore road runs through the County, commenc- ing on the Monocacy near its mouth. The River road runs along the Potomac from Georgetown to White's Ferry. The old Annapolis road runs from the Brookeville Turnpike, near Mitchell's Cross Roads to Annapolis. The Conduit road froin Georgetown to the Great Falls on the Potomac River, was completed in 1875. Tt follows the line of the Washington Aqueduct, and crosses Cabin John Branch on a bridge of a single arch, the longest span in the world. This Aqueduct is also a Montgomery County work, having its source and almost its entire line within the limits of the County, and its permissive right from the State of Maryland. The initial movement towards internal improvement in North America, was inaugurated in this County, in 1774, two years before the Declaration of Independence, and ten years before the organization of the old Potomac Company. George Washing- ton and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were conspicuous as promoters of the movement. The following is a copy of an old subscription paper, showing the names of the subscribers and the amounts. "We, the subscribers, have considered John Ballendine's plan and proposals for clearing Potowmack River, and do ap- prove of it; and to enable him to set about that useful and necessary undertaking, do hereby agree and promise severally. to '-on tribute such assistance, or pay such sums as we respec- tively subscribe, to the Trustees named in the said plan and proposals, or to their order at such times and places, and in such proportions as shall be required by them, for the purpose of clearing the said River. Witness our hands this tenth day of October, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-four. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 77 "K B. — As nothing effectual can probably be done for less than about thirty thousand pounds, this subscription is not to be binding unless to the value of thirty thousand pounds, Penn- sylvania Currency, should be subscribed. "George Washington, five hundred pounds Virginia Cur- rency ; "Ralph Wormely, " " " - « "Th. Johnson, Jr., for self and Mr. L. Jacques, £500 Penn'a Cur'y. "Dan of St, Thos. Jenifer, three hundred pounds, Dol'rs at 7s. M. "Geo. Plaix, three hundred pounds, Currency. "T. Ridout, two hundred pounds, Currency. "Daniel Dulany's son Walter, £200, Currency. "David Ross, for the Fredericksburg (Vs. 500 pounds Pen's Cur'y. "David Ross, for himself, 300 pounds Pennsylvania Currency. "Datfl and Sam'l Hughes, five hundred pounds Penn. Cur- rency. "Benj. Dulany, five hundred pounds Pennsylvania Money. "Thos. Ringgold, one thousand pounds, Pennsylvania Cur- rency. " W. Ellzey, one hundred pounds. "Jonas Clapham, one hundred pounds, Virginia Currency. "William Deakins, Jr., one hundered pounds — dollars, at 7.v. (ul, "Joseph Chapline, fifty pounds common current money. "Tho. Richardson, fifty pounds, Pennsylvania Currency. "Thomas Johns, fifty pounds, common Currency. "Adam Stephen, two hundred pounds, Pennsylvania Cur- rency . "Boot and Tho. Rutherford, one hundred pounds, Penn'a Cur'y. "Francis Deakins, one hundred pounds, Com'u Cur'y of - Maryland. "Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, £1000, Cur'cy, Dol. at T.v. M. "By Act of Assembly in 1781. the State of Virginia gave to 'George Washington, Esq..' fifty thousand shares, capital stock of the Potomac Company, and one hundred thousand shares of 78 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the James River Company's stock to testify their sense of 'his unexampled merits towards his country.' For this Washington returned his thanks in the most profound and grateful manner, but respectfully declined the gift; and in doing so, he uses these memorable words, which ought to be printed in gold over the door of every man who accepts high public trust,— 'When I was called to the station with which I was honored during the late conflict for our liberties, I thought it to be my duty to join to a tirm resolution to shut my hands against every pecuniary recoinpence; to this resolution I have invariably adhered; from this resolution (if I had the inclination) I do not consider my- self at liberty to depart.'" The old Potomac Company was chartered in 1784, and Gen- eral Washington was its first President, and assisted in person in the survey of the river. The object of the Company, was to render the upper Potomac River navigable by the means of locks, dams aud short canals. The work was so far proceeded with as to afford a precarious navigation at high water for batteaux or flat bottomed boats, from Cumberland to Georgetown. But the route was exceed- ingly dangerous, and a great number of boats were wrecked every spring. The people of Cooney, a settlement on the Vir- ginia shore of the Potomac, at and around its Little Falls, obtained from the wrecks a bountiful supply of flour, meat and groceries, and with the tish taken from the river, furnished them with their principal means of support. I The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which succeeded the old Potomac Canal, was first projected in 182;! by the States of Maryland, Virginia and Pennsylvania, and the National Govern- ment. It was chartered by the State of Virginia in lSi>4; but its organization was not completed until 1828, It is one of the greatest works of internal improvement in the country and of inestimable value to the people, extending as it does, along ihe entire Western bolder, and ottering cheap transportation to some of the richest sections of the County. An evidence of the magnitude of the business transmitted over the Canal in the one article of coal alone, can be formed from the number of boats unloaded at the elevators in George- town every year. Last year six thousand boats unloaded at these elevators, averaging one hundred and twelve tons each, HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 79 making the total number of tons received, six hundred and sev- enty-two thousand. Some years past it has amounted to over one million tons. The facilities for unloading are so perfect, that from fifty to sixty boats can be unloaded per day. The freight from Cumberland is about eighty -five cents per ton, while the toll amounts to forty cents per ton. The Collector's office for the Company Is at Georgetown, and William E. Porter is super- intendent of the ('anal Company. Mr. Porte]- is from Cecil County, and was appointed superintendent in 1878. Previous to this, he was with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company for twenty-seven years, tweuty years as assistant master and seven years as supervisor of the road. During the war he had general charge of repairing and constructing bridges west of Harper's Ferry. Previous to the battle of Winchester, General Shields ordered him to construct a suspen- sion bridge across Back Creek, for the passage of his army. He accomplished the work in three hours, over which General Shields and his army of sixteen thousand men crossed in safety. Mr. Porter received the acknowledgments of the General after the battle. The Collector is William Snowden. from Anne Arundel County, and has a thorough acquaintance with the duties of the office. Mr. P. M. Griffith, who has been connected with the Canal since 1870, is Assistant Collector, and is from Beallsville, Montgomery County. — Mr. dames 8. Kemp, of Clarksburg, Montgomery County, is Harbor Master, and is assisted by Mr. Frank Fisher, from near Darnestown, of this County. In 1830, the ('anal Company constructed a railroad four or tive miles in length, 10 facilitate the transportation of stone from the great "White Quarry," at the foot of Sugar Loaf Mountain, for the building of an Aqueduct over the river Monocaoy at its junction with the Potomac. Ebtcavations for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad may have commenced before the excavations for this little mountain road, yel it is quite certain that here the first rails were laid, and here the first railroad in Maryland, and perhaps the first in the United States, was put in full operation. The Canal Com- pany, in preparing to construct the great Aqueduct at the mouth of Monoeaey. first thought of the transportation of ponderous hewn stone from the foot of the Sugar Loaf, by 80 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. routes over which wagons could not possibly pass, and pro- ceeded to construct the first, and now almost forgotten railroad. As short as it was, and diminutive as it appeared before other great lines of road, which soon followed on its construction, it should be described in the history of the County. Iron rails were not used, the wooden ones, or " string pieces," as they were called, consisted of nothing more than trunks of. trees, generally oak, cut from twelve to sixteen feet long, so as to allow the diameter at the smaller end to be not less than eight or ten inches. Along the whole length of these string pieces a groove or triangular trough was cut with an adze from the cir- cumference to the centre, taking out a fourth part of the wood, which left two flat surfaces, forming a right angle at the heart or centre of the log. The trackway was graded and the log, or string piece, put down with one of its flat surfaces parallel with the surface of the ground, and the other perpendicular to it. The perimeter of the car-wheel ran on the flat surface of the groove or trough, and the outside or outward edge of the peri- meter moved along the perpendicular surfaces of the string piece on each side of the track, holding the car firmly in its place, and preventing it from running off to the ground. The rraek was firmly ballasted on the inner and outer side with blast rock. This was generally called, simply, blarst by the Irish laborers, because it consisted of small pieces of rock thrown off by blasting. A smooth path was made between the string pieces to accommodate two horses abreast. No cross ties were used; the weight of the string pieces and the stone ballast was sufficient to bind the track together. When one flat surface of the rail or string piece was worn and split by the pressure of the wheel, the other was turned down by turning the rails -'end for end," or from "side to side," of the track, and thus the road was repaired, until it became necessary to put in new string- pieces. The road was built up hill and down, through a rough ami mountainous country, for the greater part of the way- very little grading being done. The cars consisted of a plain wooden platform only, supported by iron wheels and axles. One wheel, or more, on each car, had cogs on the inside of the perimeter, into which au iron lever could play, so as to lock a wheel or two in going down hill. The lever was held in the hand of the driver of the horses; and when the wheel or wheels HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 81 were locked, the car, witli its great load of hewn rock, would, to the relief of the horses, slide down the hill like a locked wagon on an earthen road. Snow was removed from the track by Irish laborers with shovels. A car containing tools and provisions, with "gigger" cups and big jugs, was dispatched from each terminus of the road to clean off snow, and when the two parties met on the road double giggers were dealt out by the "grog boss," and great hilarity pleasantly followed, unless the laborers happened to be hostile, and then an attempt might be made to repeat the battle of the Boyne. The road was kept in active operation until the Aqueduct was finished, and then abandoned to decay. Most of the string- pieces, however, were soon seized by the mountaineers for firewood, and the ballast hauled off to build and repair stone fences. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the pioneer of all the great railroad systems of the world, was chartered in 1827. This is not strictly a Montgomery work, and nowhere touches the County, yet as it. together with its Washington Branch, skirts the entire eastern and northern borders and approaches nearly to the western boundaries, and has been of such great import- ance to so large a portion of the people of the County, th. sketch of some of the results accomplished by the building of the road will be interesting. The Metropolitan Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was chartered in 18(55, and completed and operated in the spring of 1873. The road runs diagonally through the County from its north-west corner to its south-eastern extremity, and is avail- able to nearly every sectiou of it, and when its Hanover Switch Branch is constructed, every neighborhood of the County will be within easy reach of either a railroad or canal. Richard Randolph, Assistant Engineer, located the whole line, and was then transferred to Valley Road of Virginia. dames A. Boyd had the first contract, which was for section 11, Parr's Ridge, which is here 250 fret lower than the Parr's Ridge on Main Line; this was a deep cut three-fourths of a mile long, running from grade to 30 feel cut in one-fourth, then 30 feet for one-fourth of a mile, then running out in the next one-fourth of a mile. About the time this section was finished, several of the next heaviest were put under contract. James A. Boyd took sections II), 12, 13, 14, !.""> and Ilk Henry Gautz, 17, 18, L9 and 20. E. 1>. Smith, section 7, indud- 82 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. ing the masonry of Bridge over Monocacy ; the grade is 90 feet above low water over this stream; there is ;i very heavy embank - ment on west side, greatest height 70 feet; a long rock cut on cast side, 20 to 30 feet deep for more than three-fourths of a mile. The iron superstructure for this Monocacy Bridge was built by the Company, at their Mount Clare shops. Three spans of 200 feet each and one of 100. This one mile section cost, including graduation, masonry and bridge superstructure, $300,000. Sections 1, 2, 3,4, including the Calico Bocks, were built by the Company's Ibices. Sections 5 and 6, by Bernard Biley. Sections 8 and 33, by Peter McNamara. Section 9, by White and MeArdle. 21, Timothy Flaherty. 22 and 23, B. B. Codwise. 24, 25, 20, Michael Buoy. 27 and 30, Dennis Murphy. 28 and 29. Timothy Cavan. 31, 32 and 33, G. M. Watkins. 34 and 37, Patrick McCabe. 35, Alfred Ray. 30 and 39, -lames Forward. 40, Thomas A. Waters. 41 ami 42, by Company's force. Not finding materials for bridges at the crossing of Little Monocacy, Little and Big Seneca, — these streams were crossed on trestles, constructed by the Company's forces. Little Monoe- acy and Big Seneca, 70 feet high, and at Little Seneca, 100 feet high. The intention is to replace these trestles with permanent structures of stone and iron, when the trestles shall have been used to a proper extent. The maximum grade is 50 feet per mile. Minimum radius ut curvature, 1000 feet. Elevation at Gaithershurg. 510 feet above tide. I distance from Point of Rocks to Baltimore by old line 00 miles. « " " " via Washington new line so it As the location of Washington seems to be on ground pre pared for a site of the Seat of Government of a great Nation, so Montgomery County seems prepared to furnish supplies of all kinds tor the inhabitants of such a city; ."Milk. Butter, Poul- try, Hay, Fruit and Vegetables, in fact, every thing which will not stand long carriage. Also, by means of this road, to furnish locations for country residences for those who can afford it, the whole line from Washington to Sugar Loaf Mountain furnishes sites for cottages, where abundant water of best quality, shade trees and soil most favorable for gardeners can be found. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 83 All important passenger trains of the Baltimore and Ohio Company, including local and fast freight, pass over the Metro politan Branch, affording unprecedented facilities r<> the people for personal navel and transportation of productions and sup plies. There are twenty-eight stations on the road from Wash- ington to Point of Bocks, or the Washington Junction, the intersection with the Main Stem, a distance of forty-two and one half miles, viz: METROPOLITAN BRANCH. Station*. Miles, i Star Miles. Washington Rockville l(i| Metropolitan Junction 1 Derwood 10 Queenstown 3J Washington (hove 20| Terra Cotta 4 Gaithersburg 21| Stott's 4} Hopper's 24.1 Bright wood 6^ Germantown 26£ Silver Springs 7 Little Seneca 28J Linden . Boyd's Forest Glen 9.4 Barnesville 33} loiy's Quarry 9f Diekerson •wles 11 Tnscarora .ill Windham's 13.1 Sugar Loaf. 41 | Halpin 154 Washington Junction m The following is the list of Officers of the Load at present: President J. \Y. Garrett Vice-President John King. Jr. '2d 1 r iee- President Wm. Keyser. Chief Engineer James L. Randolph. ral Freight Agent M. R. Sniith. Master of Transportation W. M. Clements. " * k Rood John Bradshaw. " " Machinery John ( '. 1 >a\ is. Treasurer . . . AY. 11. I jam-. A udito, , . W. T. Thelin. Superintendent Pittsburg Division K. K. EFyndman. • " Trans. Ohio Division 0. 11. Hudson. 0tli, 1826, signed Joseph Frye, President, and J. S. Reese, Secretary. For several years preceding and during this time a great reform was being agitated in the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, the object Of which was a change in the form of government, so as to admit of the representatives of Lay members in the councils of (he church. Mr. Boyd took an active and zealous stand in behalf of the projected reform, and was B constant contributor to the columns of a pamphlet published by William Stockton, father of the late Rev. Thos. H. Stockton, one of the most eminent pulpit orators-of his day, and Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives. This pamphlet was published in the interest of the reformers, and soon brought down on their devoted 86 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. heads, the violent denunciation and abuse of the Bishops and Elders of the Church, which finally resulted in the expulsion of eleven Ministers for advocating the rights of the Laity. Reu- ben T. Boyd was the youngest of the eleven, and many amusing anecdotes are related of the Radicals, as they were called by their former associates. The controversy waxed warm, and shook the government of Methodism to its foundation. But the original eleven were not to be crushed ; imbued with the lire and spirit that animated their forefathers, they soon gathered around them a strong following, and banded themselves together under the name of the Associated Methodist Churches, and at the Maryland Annual Conference of Ordained Ministers aud Lay Delegates, held in Baltimore, April 5th, 1829, he was ordained for the office of Deacon, and authorized by the said Conference to administer the ordinance of Baptism; to assist the Elder in the administration of the Lord's Supper, to celebrate Marriage, and to preach and expound the Holy Scriptures, so long as his life and doctrine accord with the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. Signed by Rev. Nicholas Snethen, President, and Luther J. Cox, Secretary. Their organization rapidly increased, when they gave it the name of the Methodist Protestant Church, and at their Mary- land Annual Conference of Ministers and Delegates, held in the City of Georgetown, District of Columbia, April the 8th, 1832, he was ordained for the office of Elder in the Methodist Pro- testant Church, and authorized by said Conference, so long as his lite and doctrine accord with the Holy Scriptures, to admin- ister the Lord's Supper, to Baptize, to celebrate Matrimony, and to feed the Hock of God, taking oversight, not as a Lord over God's heritage, but being an example to the flock. Signed by order and in behalf of the Maryland Annual Con- ference, Rev. Eli Heukle, President, James Hanson, Secretary. Mr. Heukle was the father of the present member of Congress from the Fifth Maryland District. Their Church membership rapidly spread, and new Confer- ences formed especially in the South and West. Feeling that hie sphere of usefulness would be enlarged by removing to the West, he was transferred to the Illinois Conference in 1838, and from there to the Ohio Conference in 1840, where he remained nine years. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 87 The following certificate recorded in the Court of Common Pleas tor Hamilton County, State of Ohio, and signed by Gen- eral Harrison, Clerk of the Court, and afterwards President of the United States, will be of interest, showing as it does that General Harrison, at the time of his election to the Presidency, was Clerk of the Court of Hamilton County, Ohio. "State of Ohio, Hamilton County, «§.; "Be it known, that on the 28th day of November, in the term of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and forty, of the Court of Common Pleas, within and for said County, Reuben T. Boyd produced to said Court satisfactory evidence and credentials of his being a regular ordained Minister of the Methodist Pro- testant Church, in the Ohio Annual Conference, and now officiat- ing as such on the Cincinnati Circuit. Whereupon the Court grant unto said Reuben T. Boyd, a License, authorizing him to solemnise Marriages throughout said State, agreeably to the requisitions of the Statute of said State, in such case made and provided, so long as he shall continue a regular Minister in said society or congregation. " By order of Court. "In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and aftixed the seal of said County at Cincinnati, this the 28th day of November, A. D. 1840. " Wm. H. Harrison, Clk. "J. J. Snider, Dep. v Endorsed on the back : " Recorded in the Marriage Records of Logan County, Ohio, on the 4th day of April, 1844. N. L. McColloch, Clerk. "Entered on the Records in the Clerk's office, Champaign County, March 28th, 1844. Samtjel H. Robbinson, Clerk. "Entered on the Records in the Clerk's office, Union County, April 24th, 1844. John Cassil, Clerk." 88 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. He returned to the Maryland Conference in 1840, where he continued an active and efficient Minister, until 1851), when health failing - him, he was placed on the the superannuated roll of the Conference. After an active and continuous life of thirty-four years in the Ministry, be was compelled to seek rest, and where should he look for this haven but in his native County, where the scenes of early childhood would recall the happy memories of his youth. He bought property in Clarksburg, and removed his family in 1859, where he lived to enjoy the remaining days of his life in the happy enjoyment of a consciousness of a bright future beyond the grave. He died seated in his easy chair, surrounded by his books and papers, on the 15th of Feb- ruary, 18(55, in his seventy-second year. At peace with God and mankind, honored and respected by all, he left behind a record worthy of example. During his life he was a constant and voluminous writer, his publications in the Methodist Protestant and Western Recorder attracting universal attention. JOHN 0. Clark, the well known Merchant and Banker, was born in Clarksburg, and in early youth removed to Baltimore, and engaged in business with more than ordinary success. He was very unfortunate in the death of his children; of a family of nine, all of whom, with one exception, attained adult age, and several married — he had buried all sevtral years before his own death, which occurred in 1867, at the age of seventy-four. After providing well tor his grandchildren, all of whom are now living in Baltimore, or its vicinity — and making other bequests, he bequeathed property to the value of half a million of dollars to a Beneficiary Society, which, at his instance, had been incorporated in connection with Saint John's Methodist Protestant Church in Liberty street, Baltimore, which is to occupy a magnificent site on Madison avenue, near the Park. George R. Gaither, recently deceased, one of Baltimore's most opulent citizens, left a fortune of one million three hun- dred thousand dollars, consisting of large and handsome stoics and warehouses, on Baltimore, Hanover, German, Howard ami Charles streets, and handsome dwelling houses on Cathedral street. Israel H. P., and A. and R. R. Griffith, for many years flourished as successful Merchants of Baltimore. Upon the death of the first named, investments in stocks and bonds to HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 89 the amount of four hundred and forty-five thousand dollars were found in a trunk under his bed. Thomas L. Reese, the father, and grandfather of the well known grocery firm, now doing business in Baltimore, was for a number of years a highly esteemed citizen of old Mont- gomery. In early life he was a clerk with the celebrated Johns Hop- kins, in the counting-room of their uncle Gerard T. Hopkins, and often has the great capitalist been heard to say, that when he came to Baltimore he had but five dollars in the world, but he had resolved to become a rich man. When about twenty-five years of age he married Mary, daughter of Thomas Moore — and lived for six or eight years in Brookeville, engaged in mercantile life, filling several offices of honor and trust, everywhere esteemed as a conscientious and upright man. From there he returned to Baltimore, and became a partner in the wholesale grocery firm of Gerard T. Hopkins & Co. In 1833 he opeued a retail store on Pratt street, desiring to educate his sons in all the details of the business, where he remained until 1814, when he retired from active life, but still by his daily counsel and advice, aiding his sons, who succeeded him, in building up the large business they are now doing.— In early life lie was often heard to say that he never desired to become a rich man, and although actively engaged for more than thirty years in mercantile lite, during which he reared and educated a large family, he died in moderate circumstances, but leaving to posterity a legacy more valuable than any amount of earthly riches, — a good name. Amoug other names worthy of being mentioned is that of William Uarne, of Mountain View, at the foot of the Sugar Loaf Mountain, who afterwards removed to Darnestown, where lie died. Mr. Dame was distinguished for his hospitality and urbanity of manners. He left a family of daughters equally distinguished for beauty, culture, ease and elegance of manner. One of whom married Capt. Smoot of the Navy; another, Capt. Lacy of the Army; another, Dr. Bell, a practising physician of the County. Mr. Darne several times represented the County in the State Legislature and as a director in the Chesapeake and 7 90 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Ohio Canal. He also left one son^Mr. Alexander, Dame of the County. Eev. Thomas McCormick was born in Loudoun County, Virginia, in 1792, but came to Montgomery at the age of six to live with his uncle, Thomas Moore. In 1806 he went to Balti- more and learned the trade of house carpenter, and fifteen years afterwards built the house now owned by E. J. Hall, Esq., at Longwood, near Brookeville, which he afterwards purchased, aud where he resided for fifteen years in enjoyment of the pleasant surroundings. He is now nearly eighty-eight years of age. The late Thomas Moore lived in Brookeville, and was the inventor of the first refrigerator ever made, in which Thomas McCormick carried the first butter to market. It was patented in 1803, and at first was of small size, made for the purpose of carrying butter to market on horseback, as most of the market- ing was carried in those days. The refrigerator consisted of a cedar tub of oval form, and about eighteen or twenty inches deep, in this was placed a tin box, with the corners square, which would contain twenty-two prints of butter of one pound each, leaving space on each side, between the tin and wood, for ice in small lumps. The outside of t\e wooden box was covered with rabbit skin with the fur on, and over that was a covering of coarse woolen cloth. In this refrigerator the butter was carried on horseback to the market at Georgetown, a distance of twenty miles, in warm weather, hard and firm, and with ice enough left to give each purchaser a small lump. This butter commanded a much higher price than any other. Thomas Moore was a remarkable man. His father, Thomas Moore, an Irish Quaker, came to this country early in the last century, settled first in Pennsylvania, where he married, and afterwards removed i<> Loudoun County, Virginia, where he built a residence and called the place Waterford, after his native home. Here the son Thomas for a time carried on the business of a cabinet-maker, Which he had learned. He then engaged in milling and merchandising in connection with his brother-in- law, James McCormick. About the year 1791 he removed to Maryland, having married Mary Brooke, daughter of Roger Brooke, of Brooke drove, in Montgomery County. Here he commenced farming on the estate of his wife, and soon dis- tinguished himself as a practical farmer. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 91 The State of Maryland is greatly indebted to him for many improvements in agriculture. Although the land was poor when he took possession of it, he soon had the model farm of the County and State. This farm is now owned by E. J. Hall, Esq., former President of the Montgomery County Agricultural Society, who married a niece of Mary Moore. Persons came from long distances to see his farm and witness the deep plow- ing with the mammoth plow of his own invention, his fine stock of cattle in fields of red clover, his meadows of timothy, fine fields of corn, the ground yellow with pumpkins, and the large pen of small bone hogs, fattened on pumpkins, corn and slop, boiled in a wooden box. One of his distinguished visitors was Charles Carroll, son of Carroll of Carrollton, who came on purpose to see the farm and improvements. The proprietor being absent on that occa- sion, it devolved upon the twelve-year-old nephew to show the visitor around, which service was rewarded by the first silver dollar the farmer boy ever called his own. Thomas Moore, about this time, wrote a treatise on agricul- ture, and another on ice-houses and refrigerators, which proved of signal benefit to the State of his adoption. In the year 1805, he was employed by the Corporation of Georgetown to construct the causeway from Mason's Island to the Virginia shore, for which he received twenty-four thousand dollars, and completed the work in less than one year. After this he was employed !>v the United States Government to lay out the great National Road to the West. During the war with Great Britain, from 1812 to 1816, he took charge of the Union Manufacturing Works, near EH icons' Mills, as chief manager. About this time he, in connection with his two brothers-in- law, Caleb Bently and Isaac Biggs, purchased the site and erected the cotton mills known as Triadelphia, .Montgomery County, Md. This was not a profitable investment, the war closing soon after the factory went into operation, lie was next called upon b\ the Board of Public Works of the State of Virginia to accept the position of Chief Engineer of the •Tames River Canal. He also served in the same capacity in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, where, after making consider- able progress, he contracted a fever so fatal to many on the Potomac, and came home to end his life with his family. From 92 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the year 1818 until his death he occupied, with much honor to himself and with great benefit to the public, and with the entire approbation of those to whom he was responsible, the office of principal Civil Engineer of the State of Virginia. On the 3rd of October, after a sickness of twelve days, aged 63 years, he quietly departed this life like one falling into a quiet slumber. Roger Brooke, an immediate descendant of one of the first settlers of the colony of Maryland, was noted for wit and humor, and though a Quaker, he had, like Washington, a great fondness for his hounds and the fox chase; and was one of the best, most active and successful farmers of the County. Mr. "Francis P. Blair, in an agricultural address, characterized him as a second Franklin. Mr. Blair above alluded to, who so beautifully and elegantly established himself at his well known seat of Silver Springs, was attracted to the spot under singular circumstances. He had purchased a very fine saddle horse, Selim, of the late Gen. Wm. Lingan Gaither, another of Montgomery's representative men, who had repeatedly served his native County with credit and ability in both branches of the State Legislature. In tak- ing a ride with his daughter, beyond the limits of the District of Columbia and in the lower part of Montgomery County, Selim became frightened, threw his rider, and ran down among tli.' thick growth of pines in the valley to the west of the road. Mr. Blair followed and found the horse fast to a bush, which had caught the dangling reins of the bridle. Near the spot he spied a bold fountain bubbling up, the beautiful white sand sparkling in the water like specks of silver. Mr. Blair became so charmed with the spot and the spring, that he resolved at \ once if possible to possess it. He sought its owner, and soon a bargain was made at what then was considered a good price by the seller; but in the eyes of Mr. Blair as very cheap. This led to the proprietorship of the far-famed and classic scat of Silver Springs: where its venerable and distinguished ownefspent in elegant retirement the last twenty five years of his long and eventful life, and died peacefully, full of years and full of honors, at the advanced period of eighty-five. Robert Pottinger and Dr. William Bowie Magruder, father of the late most excellent and valuable citizen and physi- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 93 cian, Dr. Wm. B. Magruder, of Brookeville, were leading and prominent citizens of the County, in their day and generation. Major George Peter was a member of Congress for this District, and during life a prominent and active politician. He served in the Legislature of the State. He commanded an artillery company in the war of 1812, and had among his soldiers George Peabody, who subsequently became the great banker and philanthropist, and the late George R. Gaither of Baltimore, who then, with Mr. Peabody, resided in George- town, D. C. The two Drs. Duvall, father and son, were prominent and active in their professions, as politicians and representatives of the County in the State Legislature. The different State Inspectors of Tobacco, appointed from Montgomery County, were Richard H. Griffith, Philemon Grif- fith, John W. Darby, Francis Valdemar, Perry Etchison, Green- berry 8. Etchison, and the present popular Inspector, Robert S. Hilton. Robert Sellman, of Montgomery County, was, before the repeal of the law, appointed State Flour Inspector. He so actively and faithfully discharged the duties of the office, that after the repeal of the law, he was, and still is continued as private inspector at the request of the merchants of Baltimore. Thos. F. W. Vinson, well and favorably known to the citi- zens of Montgomery County, was a tine specimen of the gentle- men of the olden times. His pleasing manners at once pot his friends, as well as strangers, at perfect ease in his presence. He was for many years Sheriff of the County, and one of the Judges of the Orphans' Court. Mr. James Holland, grandfather of the present Thomas J. and Clagett Holland, was said strongly to resemble General Washington in his personal appearance. As an auctioneer, he was known far and near. A peculiarity of his habit was always to give ample notice to both seller and buyer. "Going, going, going, the last chance, owners and bidders look out. 11 —^ The principal manufacturing establishment in the County was Triadelphia Cotton Factory, founded in 1801), by three brothers- in-law, ISAAC Riggs, Thomas Moore and Caleb Bently. A Woolen Factory was established in the neighborhood about the same time by David Xlwlin, — all members of the Society of Friends. / CHAPTER XIV. Prominent Men — Continued. Hon. Geo. W. Hilton. Wm. Dame, of Mountain View. Prof. Benjamin Hallowell. Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. Edward Stabler. W. T. R. Saffell, Francis Cassott Clopper. Wil- liam Wilson. Leonidas Wilson. Hon. Thomas Lansdale. Dr. Richard Waters. John 8. Belt. Hon. h'ichard Waters, and others. Worthy of mention among the self-made men of the Counts- is the Hon. George W. Hilton, born in Laytonsville, October the 2d, 1823, and educated in Georgetown, District of Columbia. Soon after completing his education he commenced the teaching of school in the old mountain school house, in the third district, afterwards he taught school iu Clarksburg and Cracklin Dis- tricts. In 1847, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff and Collector, which position he occupied until he engaged in merchandising in Damascus, in 1S52, where he successfully continued for seven years, when he purchased property in Clarksburg and removed there in 1859. By energy and enterprise, combined with strict business integrity, he succeeded in establishing a large and profit- able business, which he conducted until 1872, when he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits. Having purchased four tracts of laud adjacent to the village of Clarksburg, lie set about renovating and improving them, by a liberal and judi- cious expenditure in lime and fertilizers, including grasses, he has succeeded in bringing then) up to a degree of fertility that is amply repaying him for his expenditure. Mr. Hilton's ability soon attracted the attention of the people, and he was called to the Legislature in L869, and served the people in the session of 1870 SO faithfully, that lie was re-elected for a second term in 1872, serving on the committees of cor- porations and printing with marked ability. With a keen per- ception for tiie details of measures that affected tin; interests of HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 95 the County, he was ever foremost iii perfecting and pressing them to a favorable conclusion. He was ;tlso appointed by Gov. Carroll, in 1877, on the Board of Control and Review that had the revising of the tax assessments. Mr. Hilton finds ample opportunity for the display of his spirit of enterprise in the improvement and beautifying of bis lands and tenements, having erected several handsome dwellings in Clarksburg, that have added materially in promoting the attractions of the village. "Mountain View," the old home of William Darno, is a farm containing about 150 acres of laud, watered by Little Monocaey on the. north-east, and bounded on the south and south-west by the County roads leading from Barnesville to Maj. Hempston's Old Brick Mill. The lands of the Gotts and Plnmmers lie adja- cent at the south, those of Abraham S. Hayes and Z. (i. Harris on the east and south-east, and those of Colmore Offutt and Hanson Hays on the north. The proprietorship of some of these lands is now no doubt different Patrick McDade's old mill was located on Little Monocaey, about half a mile north of Mountain View. Prominent among those whose deeds have added lustre to the name and fame of the Friends' Society of Sandy Springs, and of Montgomery County, is that of Benjamin Hallowell, Philosopher, Philanthropist, Orator, Farmer and Teacher; gifted with an extraordinary variety of knowledge, prominent in the many fields of investigation, in which he excited his powerful energies, and prosecuting his researches with one ulti- mate aim, the happiness of his fellow-creatures. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, on the 17th of August, 171)0, and came to Montgomery County, Maryland, in 181!>, as Mathematical teacher at the Boarding School at Fair Hill, which was established in that year. In isi'4, he established a school at Alexandria, Virginia, and received among his pupils, from all sections of the country, many who have since attained positioti and honor. The Rev. Mrs. R. T. Boyd, relict of the late Rev. R. T. Boyd, of this County, and mother of the pub- lisher, attended his courses of lectures in Alexandria, in the years 1834 and '35. Mr. Hallowell came to live upon his farm "Rockland," near Sandy Springs, in the summer of 1842, this was a poor tract of land, but by judicious draining, fertilizing 96 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. and grass seeding, it was completely reclaimed, and with the buildings of the Eockland Seminary, which he established, now under the control of his son, Henry C. Hallowell, presents a beautiful and attractive appearance. In 1859, he was elected First President of the Maryland State Agricultural College. He was prominent in organizing the Farmers' Club of Sandy Springs, the first meeting of which was held at the residence of Richard T. Bently. He was a frequent lecturer before various associations on scientific and agricultural subjects. He was Professor of Chemistry in the Medical Department of Columbia College, Washington ; a member of the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and one of the foremost in the Balti- more Yearly Meeting, to adopt plans for the improvement of the condition of the Indians on the Western borders. He died in 1877, in the 78th year of his age, regretted and beloved by all that knew him. Among the many improved estates in the County, is Green- wood, the residence of Hon. Allen Bowie Davis. This place was purchased in 1755, by Ephraim Davis, the grand- father of the present owner, and by him transmitted to his son Thomas Davis, who during President Washington's administra- tion, raised a company and marched to Pennsylvania in 1794, to suppress the " Whiskey Insurrection." He was elected to the State Legislature while thus engaged, and frequently thereafter filled the same position, he was also elector of the Senate under the old Constitution, and occupied numerous positions in the County, from Magistrate, Surveyor and Conveyancer to Judge of the County Court. He died in 1833, honored and regretted by a huge circle of friends. Mr. Davis, the present proprietor of Greenwood, began a long career of public duties and usefulness very early in life, succeeding his father in the Hoard of Trustees of the Brookeville Academy, at the age of twenty-four. In 1840, he was elected a member of the Board of Public Works of the State, in which he exercised his influence in favor of the representation of the minority, and the abolition of political agencies in the manage- ment of public trusts. In 1850, he was elected to the State Constitutional Convention, and was made one of the first trus- tees of the State Agricultural College, and subsequently Presi- dent of the Board. At the same time, he was elected President HISTORY OP MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 07 of the Montgomery Manufacturing Company, of Triadelphia. He was also President of the Montgomery County Agricultural Association. In 1849, he obtained the charter for the Brookeville and Wash- ington Turnpike Company, was elected President, served six- teen years, completed the road and retired from the Company. In 1863, he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 186® was elected President of the Maryland -State Agricultural Society. In addition, he has taken an active interest in the works of internal improvement, of social and agricultural advancement, of national polity and other matters pertaining to the prosperity of the people of the County and State. One of the oldest settlers now living in the Couuty is Edward Stabler, who is eighty-five years of age. He has been Postmaster of Sandy Springs for fifty years, and is the oldest Postmaster in the United States. He was the originator of the Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Montgomery County, which was organized in 1848 ; he was elected President, and still holds the office, enjoying the entire confidence of the Com- pany and community. The Hon. Allen Bowie Davis, in a speech at a meeting of the State Agricultural Society in 1876, said of this family, " That the farm — a part of which Mr. Asa Stabler occupies, was pur- chased about thirty years ago, by Caleb Stabler, father of Mr. . Stabler, Jr., — at $2.05 per acre, or .$820 for 400 acres. It was then without house or fencing. Mr. S. not having a plethoric purse, built a comfortable two story log house, with other neces- sary outhouses of the same, material, and called it Drayton. To Drayton he removed with his family, consisting of a wife, one daughter and four sons. He inclosed a garden, and planted a small orchard. His first crop of wheat was five bushels sown, from which he reaped two and a half bushels, — the first reward of his labor. Acting upon the maxim of an old Quaker pro- genitor — "if thee is kind to the land, it never will give thee an ungrateful return," — he persevered, and did obtain a grateful and bounteous reward. "Accepting an invitation to spend a night at Drayton, some years ago, I found the venerable patriarch and his no less ven- erable wife alone, and by them I was received with all the cordial but unostentatious and simple hospitality which it was 98 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. possible for a host and hostess to lavish upon the most honored and distinguished guest. I soon learned from them that their daughter was married, and all of the sous grown up and settled out for themselves. After tea, a rap at the door announeed a visitor, and one by one the four sons and the son-in-law came in to inquire after the health of father and mother, ami to pay their respects to their guest, I learned also, that the 400 acres had been divided into six parts, and that each of the sons and son-in-law had built and was settled on his portion — the old folks retaining the homestead — and that each was near enough, after the labor of the day and after tea, to walk over to Dray- ton, to inquire after the well-being of their parents. I thought I never saw a brighter or happier family, or witnessed a more interesting or so instructive a scene. "Within a few days past I have again passed through the same original farm, now cut up and divided, as already stated. The venerable sire and his consort still survive; each of the sons and son-in-law are in genteel and comfortable houses, sur- rounded with well kept gardens and orchards, flowers, shrubs and ornamental trees and farm, — as Mr. Stabler can testify — yielding from 20 to 32 bushels of wheat per acre, with corres- ponding crops of corn, hay and straw, supplemented by all varieties of fruit, from the early strawberry to October peach and hard russet apple." Mr. W. T. ft. Sapfell, was born September 18th, 1818, two miles south of Barnesville, on a farm (.-ailed Knott's Place, where his father Lameok Saffell resided. He was baptised by Rev. Mr. Green, and first heard the Gospel preached by Rev. Basil Barry. His great uncle was Charles Saffell, a revolution- ary soldier and pensioner, who lived on a farm five miles north of Kockville, near Caithersburg, and died in 1837, at the age of ninety. At the beginning of the revolution, he lived with his father, a French musician, in Prince George's County. From that County he marched to Annapolis and joined the Regiment of the Maryland Flying (amp, under the command of General liezin Beall, and sailing to the head of Elk River, he marched north to New York in the company commanded by John Maw- kins Lowe. Charles was a drummer, lifer and bugler at the battles of Long Island, Fort Washington, Brandy wine, Cer- mantown and Monmouth. In his latter days he was an Auc- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 99 tioneer, and in that capacity visited all iiarts of the County. As a violinist, he amused himself in his feeble old age, and often reproduced the melodies of the Revolution in a peculiar style, now forever lost. Francis Cassott Clopper was born in Baltimore, July 26th, 1786; began life in Philadelphia, and when only eighteen years of age Avas sent by his employers to New Orleans, to col- lect moneys due them there, and at intermediate points. The trip was made on horseback, through a wild frontier country, alone, or with such chance companions as he might meet upon the road. His mission was successful, and he brought back the money quilted in his vest; after which he made many more trips like it. On the 8th of July, 1811, he was married to Ann Jane Byrne, of Philadelphia, and in the following year he pnrchased the farm in Montgomery County, upon which he resided until his death, — the family having removed there in the same year, — making a continuous residence of fifty-seven years. The original grants of the tracts of lands, comprised in the purchase, date back to 1748, to the times of the Lords Proprie- tary, and formed part of their Manor of Cor ococheague, or, as one of them lias it, of " Calverton." The lands are described as lying upon "Sinicar" Creek, near the ford known as the ''Indian Ford;" and it is said that the old Indian road from Washington to Frederick crossed Seneca a, few yards above the present County road crossing. The land at one time belonged to the Benson family, but about 1804 was sold to Zaehariah McCubbin, from whom Mr. Clopper purchased it. Other tracts were boughtfrom other parties at a later date. The original foundation of the mill is not known. One was standing in 1812 upon the site of the present saw-mill. His public spirit was a prominent feature of Mr. Hopper's character, — always interested in some project for the advance- ment Of the County. The last twenty years of his lite were expended, almost entirely, in efforts to procure the construction of a railroad through the County. At one time in the organization of the original Metropolitan Railroad Company, and when that failed in the business depression of 1857, he called the attention of 100 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. the President of the Baltimore and Ohio Eailroad to the advan- tages of the route to his company, and procured a recouoissance to be made, and a report, which later were followed up by the construction of the road. Mrs. Olopper died in 1805, after a married life of fifty-four years, and Mr. Clopper in 1808, — the desire of his life, to see the Metropolitan Eailroad completed, unsatisfied. William Wilson was born on the tract of land known as " Wilson's Inheritance," near the division line between Montgo- mery and Frederick Counties, on the left of the present road from Hyattstown to Barnesville. The tract is now owned by the Hershey family, John Sellman, and others. Jonathan Wil- son, the grandfather of William, became the owner of this tract over one hundred years ago, was a member of the State Legislature when the County was first formed. He was a man of powerful constitution and lived to be ninety-eight years old ; his death, at that age, resulting from accident. He was a man of much intelligence, energy of character, and influence. His only son, John, inherited the estate, and lived in the house now occupied by Mr. C. E. Hershey. He also lived to an advanced age, ninety-three. John had four sons, and a daughter who married Dr. Ma- gruder, and became the mother of the late Dr. William B. Magruder, near Brookeville, and of other children — ten in all — whose descendants are numerous and widely scattered. The eldest, John, lived and died on the paternal acres, a highly esteemed gentleman of the olden times, and a bachelor, lie died in 1849, aged eighty-nine. The second son, Thomas P., settled in Bockville, was for many years a prominent merchant there, and died at that place about the year L832. His descendants are now living in Fred- erick City and County. The fourth son, Charles, lived for many years in Medle\*s District, first as a merchant at Poolesville, then on a farm which he purchased, not far from the mouth of the Monocacy — the farm is now owned by the White family — and finally removed to the southern part of Kentucky, where he died. His descend- ants are to be found in Tennessee, Virginia, and Baltimore County of this State. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 101 The third, William, very early in life, engaged in merchan- dising in Clarksburg, and continued the business uninterrupt- edly at the same stand for about forty-five years — dying in 1859, at the age of eighty-three. He married the eldest daughter of John Clark, one of the oldest residents of the village, (which was named after him,) and to his business, on his death, he succeeded. Mr. Leonidas Wilson, his son, is still living, and resides in Clarksburg, and has accumulated a considerable fortune. The Hon. Thomas Lansdale was born in this County in 1808. He was extensively engaged in mechanical operations for a number of years, and invented the first wood planing machine, and the metallic yoke for swing i )( .]] 8 . t,, ix4l', he became interested in the Triadelphia .Mills, remaining five years, .. when he took eharge of the Granite Factory at Ellicott'a Mills, where he remained ten years. He was the first to introduce steam into a factory for heating purposes. In 1866, he returned to Triadephia, and by his enterprise and energy succeeded in making it a thriving village containing four hundred inhabi- tants, with a large three story stone Cotton Factory, Saw, Plaster, Bone and Grist Mills, Stone and Mechanical Shops. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1861, and was elected to the Senate 1865. He died in 1878, universally respected by the large circle of operatives, business men and politicians, with whom he was associated, while he lived in the confidence and esteem of his friends and neighbors. John Thomas, who sixty years ago lived about six miles ' from Triadelphia, near Green's Bridge over the Patuxent, estab- lished an interesting industry for the collection of pine sap from the pine trees in the adjaceut forests. This was done by removing a small chip from the foot of the tree, near the root, the opening thus made would receive the falling sap, which was gathered in the morning, taken to Mr. Thomas, who paid ten cents an ounce for it; the revenue derived from this source was not sufficient to meet the expectations of the projector, and it was abandoned; and the ancient Sap Tappers of the Patuxent is a tradition of the past. Dr. Richard Waters, of revolutionary fame, was born about 1760, and served as a Surgeon in the war for indepen- dence, and was noted for his skill as a surgeon as well as a 102 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. practising physician. After the close of the War, he purchased a large estate called "Spring Garden," on the road leading from Goshen to Gaithersburg, and the road from Mechanicsville to Clarksburg. Dr. Waters was born in Prince George's County, where he married Miss Margaret Smith, by whom he had sev- eral children. His son Richard was a prominent man in the County, and held the office of Sheriff, while his brother Som- erset was a prominent Commission Merchant of Baltimore, and served a long time as Tobacco Inspector. John S. Belt, a Justice of the Peace, of Clarksburg, mar- ried a granddaughter of Dr. Waters. Mr. Belt is a young and efficient Magistrate, and takes a lively interest in the improve- ment of the social, intellectual and agricultural advancement of the County. lie is Treasurer of the Clarksburg Literary Asso- ciation, of which he is an active and efficient member. He is also extensively engaged in the fertilizing business, and his farm gives ample evidence of the benefits derived from skilful culti- vation. He has recently planted an extensive orchard, contain- ing choice varieties of fruit. Hon. Bichard Waters, son of Dr. Bichard Waters, of revolutionary fame, was born December 19th, 1794, on the old homestead, "Spring Garden," and at an early age took an active interest in the politics of the Couuty. In his canvass for the legislative assembly, he found a great many young men who could neither read nor write, and, on investigation, he discov- ered that the money appropriated by the State for paying the tuition of those whose parents were unable to pay for the schooling of their children, was often used by the board of trustees, as they were called, in paying for children whose parents were aide to pay, but their political influence was such i enable them to divert the moneys intended for the instruc- tion of the poor, to the payment of the education of their own children. This led Mr. Waters to make a, spirited canvass of the ( 'ounty, and he w;is elected to the Legislature by an overwhelming majority. One of his first efforts in the legislative assembly was for a change in the old system of school education, and he succeeded in having a bill passed for Public School Education in the State of Man land, that resulted in tin abolishment of the old system and inaugurated a new era in the education of HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 103 the people. It was the. initial movement, whieh has, by im- provement, resulted in the present School System. He was re-elected for a second term, and filled the position with honor, both to himself and his constituents. He is still living, and is about eighty-five years old. He has four sons and one daughter living. His son Lemuel is an eminent divine in the Missouri Confer- ence of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. William is the Agent of the Adams Express Company, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Somerset is a Physician of large practice in Carroll County, and has served in the Legislature several terms from that County. George still resides in the County, near the old ancestral acres, and has occupied several public offices of trust in the County. Rebecca, the daughter, married Jesse T. Higgins, of this County, formerly a prominent merchant of Poolesville. and now a merchant of Baltimore, The following names of citizens and families of the County are worthy of record, and of being handed down r«. posterity and honorable recollection, William Darne, Dr. S. N". C. White, William Pool, Abraham S. Hayes, William Bennett, Brook Jones, Joseph 1. Johnson, Nathan Hempston, ,buioJi_Xhdimlhi Horatio Trundle, llezekiah Trundle, Ri chard UaSfo -Twilliam Trail, Thos. C. Lannan, Eev. Thos. W. Green, Dr. Horatio Wilson, Rev. Basil Harry, the Fletchers, Dawsons, Platers, Whites, Waters, liarbvs, ^in£s, Gotts, Glaizes, Kings, Pnrdnms, Gaithers, Cues, Browns, Bensons, Brewers. Gassa- ways, Pooles, Xeills, Buttons, Biggs, Qwens, Gartrells. Perrys , BeaUs, Dorseys. : — CHAPTER XV. Boundaries of the County. Building Stone. Roofing Slate. Gold. Chronic. Quantity of Land and its Value. Number of Horses and other Cattle. Farm Productions for 1878. Intel- lectual, Social and Agricultural Institutions. Population from 17!M) to 1870. Society of Friends. Improvements at the close of the Internecine War. Influence of the Metropolitan Bail- road. Montgomery County is bounded on the south-west by Vir- ginia, from which it is separated by the Potomac River. The' Chesapeake and Ohio Canal runs along the whole south-western boundary, following the banks of the Potomac River from Georgetown to the mouth of the Monocacy. On the north-west by Frederick County, being divided from it by a line running from the mouth of Monocacy to Parr's Spring, on the Patuxent River. On the north-east by Howard County, from which it is separated by the Patuxent River. On the south-east by Prince George's County, and south by the District of Columbia. A red sandstone is found on the Potomac, near Seneca Creek, and is known as the "Seneca Stone," and has been extensively used in the District of Columbia, — the Smithsonian Institution, in Washington, and many other buildings, both public and pri- vate, being built from these quarries. A blue stone, of a bright color, and in every respect equal to granite, is now being quarried on the Potomac River. The new Georgetown College? has been built from this stone, which can be cut and finished into any shape; and, as a building stone, for durability and beauty, lias no equal in this section <>r the country. It is also extensively used for foundation and paving purposes, giving universal satisfaction. Roofing slate is obtained in the vicinity of Hyattstown^nd is in extensive demand. Gold is found in sufficient quantities, near the Great Falls of the Potomac, to attract the attention of capitalists, who are HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 105 organizing for the successful operation of the mines, with a favorable prospect of success. A manufacturing jeweler, and his son, of Washington, make weekly excursions to the locality, and in the small streams of water, pick up sufficient ore in a few hours, in small lumps, ranging in size from a marble to that of an i^go;; From l7'.»o. there was a constant stream of emigration from the County, some going to the cotton fields of the South, but most to the fertile new lands of the Wpst, including Kentucky and Missouri, lew of the enterprising young men settled on their fathers" farms. \^ 108 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. The laud would no longer yield an increase, and they made no attempt at renovating and improving the soil, and Mont- gomery lands became a synonym for poverty. The lands bor- dering the Rockville and Georgetown Turnpike, the then only paved road in the County, were with the exception of Robert Dick's, and one or two other farms, but a succession of unin- closed old fields. This was not universally the fact. The red lands of Medley's, and those around Brookeville, and in the Friends' Settlement at Sandy Springs, and on the Hawlings' River, with an occasional farm in other sections, had retained comparative fertility. This' emigration was not however in vain; it added strength and intelligence to the movement, which from the first settle- ment of the County, has ever been in progress from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and furnished representative men to other States. The Lamars of the South, who now have a representative in the United States Senate, and the grandfather of Thomas Benton, of Missouri, were from this County. The late Senators, Edwards, of Illinois, with Davis and Proctor Knott, of Kentucky, besides a host of others who have filled distinguished positions at the bar, on the bench, and in every representative capacity throughout the Western States, were natives of this County. The Society of Friends, in the vicinity of Sandy Springs, who formed their settlement in the course of the decade pre- ceding and following the middle of tbe eighteenth century, and who at every period of the history of the County have done so much to promote the material development and intellectual advancement of the County, first abandoned this destructive system of cultivation during the last quarter of the past century, induced thereto, by the change then made in the character of their labor. The same society about 1845, introduced in this County the old Chincha Island, Peruvian Guano, the effect of which was magical. As soon as the people became aware that by (he application of this new fertilizer to their old worn out lands, they could be made to produce remunerative crops of cereals and grasses; then they turned to their cultivation with the wonted energy of the race. This industry was greatly promoted by HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 109 the Crimean war, which caused a material enhancement in the prices of all kinds of farm products. From this epoch the cereal growing period may be dated — old buildings were renovated and repaired, while new buildings, aud handsome residences, replete with modern improvements, took the place of the old tumble down, moss-covered, and worm-eaten cot of the past. New post and rail fences, with improved gates, replaced the old worm and picket fence, and the fields teemed with bountiful harvests. The decade from 1850 to 1860, was one of universal prosperity to the people of the County. Towns and villages sprung up, stores were estab- lished at cross roads, while internal improvements were progress- ing in all parts of the County. Then came the dark spectre of Internecine War between the sections of the country, with its fair possessions filled with bit- ter dissensions and sectional differences, with all their blighting and devastating horrors. Again the young men sought the tented field, and the business of farming was, in many locali- ties, suspended. Houses and fences were destroyed, and farms laid waste, by the marching aud counter-marching of armies and the general ravages of war. Slavery was abolished during the war, and at its close the third era, or free labor period, was entered upon by the people. The young men returned to their homes, with muscles hard- ened and energies quickened by their martial experience. They accepted with cheerfulness the new order of things, and fully alive to the kindly properties of their native soil, and acquainted with the means of rendering it productive, went to work with a will, and since that time every vestige of that unfortunate Struggle has been effaced; and now, with a larger and increas- ing population, the people are making rapid strides towards an advanced state of enlightenment and material prosperity. Fine and imposing buildings are being erected, with beautiful lawns and gardens attached. Magnificent aud substantial churches have taken the place of the old log meeting-houses, and are more numerous and largely attended. School houses, of supe- rior construction, have greatly multiplied, and the school sys- tem more thorough aud efficient than any which preceded it. The roads have been increased and improved, while handsome and substantial bridges span the creeks and water-courses, 110 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. facilitating travel and transportation. The old fields have all been reclaimed, and under improved fencing, are yielding hand some returns to their owners. The opening of the Metropolitan Railroad has exerted a marked influence upon the material improvement and pros- perity of the County. Over half a million of dollars annually has been expended by the people in the purchase of lime, bone, phosphates and other fertilizers of a like character, resulting in the production of from eighteen to fifty bushels of wheat, and from thirty to sixty bushels of corn to the acre, giving employ- ment to over thirty Mills, located on the various branches and streams in the County, several of which are Merchant Mills. Besides this, a large amount of grain is anually exported to Georgetown and Baltimore. Market gardening and fruit growing are becoming extensive industries, and can nowhere else be more successfully prose- cuted, the soil yielding abundantly, and of the best quality, all the vegetables and fruits common to a temperate climate. The cultivation of the grape for the manufacture of wine is also growing into quite a business, and cannot fail to eventually prove successful, as this County is the home of many varieties of the wild grape, and the native soil of the Catawba. These various industries combined with the energy and enterprise of the people, must soon place the County in the foremost rank of Agricultural progress. The local advantages of this County are numerous, especially is this so, as regards the numerous rivers, streams and creeks that traverse every portion of the County, affording ample facilities for water-power, which, in the future, will be sure to promote and accelerate the' march of improvement. The Great Falls on the Potomac is the largest available water-power in the world, and with its development and utilization for manufacturing purposes, can- not fail to eventuate in the growth of a considerable manufac- turing town at that point. The commercial importance of Baltimore, connected as it is with this County by the Baltimore and Ohio and Metropolitan Railroads, must exert .1 strong influence in the future progrei i and improvements of the County, being the great market from whence are drawn the supplies of Merchandise, Agricultural HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Ill Implements, Fertilizers, etc., demanded for the use and benefit of the County. But above all, the influence of the National Capital which over-shadows but to bless this favored section of the land, must, in the near future, make this County all that its most sanguine people could wish or hope. Already many per- sons of distinction and wealth, whose 1 business or inclination attracts them to Washington, are seeking sites for country villas or suburban residences. PRESENT OFFICERS OF THE COUNTY. Chief Judge Hon. Richard J. Bowie. . , T , i Hon. John W. Lynch, Associate Judges < __. _ xr _ T n ? J \ Hon. W. \ eirs Bouic. Cleric E. B. Prettyman. r Edward W. Owen, Judges of Orphans 1 Court 1 Dr. A. H. Sommers, L Samuel Darby. Register of Wills Robert W. Carter. / 1st District, David Griffith, V 2nd " Joseph Henderson, Commissioners / 3rd " W. W. Poole, i Ath " John Saunders, yhth " Thos. Hardesty. Clerk Jos. A. Taney. Sherif John Ambrose Clements. Surveyor William Grady. r Samuel Jones, Board of School Commissioners < William T. Jones, C. Walter M. Talbot. Examiner and Treasurer Captain James Anderson. State Senate Hon. George Peter. r Hon. Montgomery Blair, Legislature < Hon. Howard Griffith, i Hon. William M. Canby. State's Attorney Spencer C. Jones. CHAPTER XVI. Apiculture — Peach Culture. Keeping and Propagation of Bees. Process of removing Honey, without destroying Bees. Principal Bee Raisers in the County. Peach Trees. Propagation of Trees. List of desirable varie- ties. The keeping and propagation of Bees in the County is assuming- considerable importance. It requires but small capi- tal and a very limited amount of muscular labor, while attended with little or no risk. Bee keeping has become a science, and those who patiently learn their ways, have no fear of being stung. Neither are whole swarms of these industrious little creatures destroyed in order to secure their treasures of sweetness. On the contrary, they have really become pets of those who take a loving care of them. To such perfection has the art of raising honey been brought, that, not a bee is sacrificed in taking away the honey, while the comb is even saved. By a new and very ingenious little machine, the fresh combs when taken from the hives are deftly unsealed, and the honey extracted from the comb on the principle of suction by air, and the comb perfectly uninjured is returned to the hive to be filled again in a few days by the same. bees. This boney is the purest known on the market, and is put up in sealed glasses, and is every day becoming a more staple article of food. The feeding and keeping of bees is very easily learned, and is sai prevent the bad being killed by the heat of the sun. The bud is inserted into the scion by crucially incising the bark of the stock a few inches above the ground, 114 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. turning back the corners of the bark, and setting into the aperture thus formed between the sap and the bark a bud selected from a healthy tree, of that variety of peach which it is desired to propagate. " This bud is secured in its place by turning back the bark and binding the incised parts with a tie of the inner bark of the basswood or a piece of common candlewick. In a week or ten days the nurseryman is able to determine what buds have become set or ; taken' and are incorporated with the stock. The binding is then removed and the scion thoroughly trimmed below where the bud has been set. "The scion is again trimmed in the spring, both above and below the bud, and about the first of June, the top is cut off at an angle of 45 degrees about an inch above the bud, which has now become the largest branch of the scioo. During the sum- mer it is kept cultivated and trimmed, and is ready for trans- planting to the orchard, the bud having united with the scion and the place where the scion was cut off no longer being noticeable. "The orchard is now plowed, harrowed and fertilized, and crossed out for the young trees, which are usually placed six- teen feet apart in the rows, running east and west, and twenty - four feet apart in the rows running north and south. "After the trees are planted they are well cultivated by plow- ing and harrowing, the furrows being thrown towards the roots of the trees, the operation being repeated every fortnight from April to August. The trees are carefully trimmed, and kept clear of broken twigs and branches, and as they advance in age are 'headed in' as it is termed, by lopping the large branches when new shoots form. "The trees bear in the fourth year. A first-rate orchard, well cultivated, will yield a profit of about $100 an acre, if the fruit is handled judiciously. "Out of the hundred or so varieties cultivated in the United States some nineteen or twenty are favored here. They are given below in the order of their ripening for market: "1. Tbe Beatrice, an ordinary and poorly flavored peach, only valued for its early maturity, starts the market about the mid- dle of July. "2. Hale's Early, a once quite popular peach, ripens about July 25th. HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 115 "3. Hollis' Early, a small peach, ripening about August 1st, and valued for its capacity for transportation. "4. Walters' Early, or Mountain Rose, earliest of all varieties of red peach, beautiful in color and delicious in flavor, matures about August 5th. "5. Early York, superseded almost entirely by former, ripens about August 7th. "6. Crawford's Early, color a rich yellow with deep blush, regarded by many as the finest of all peaches, matures about August 10th. " 7. Mary's Choice, August 15th. "8, 9, 10 and 11. The Druid Hill, Harkins' Seedling, Old Mixou Free, and Stump the World, all ripen about the same time, August 17th or 18th. The Mixon was once regarded as the finest of all freestone peaches, and a standard of peach values. " 12. Crawford's Late, a rich yellow, the best of all canning peaches, except the late Heath Cling; matures about August 20th. "13. Jaques, is a yellow, very large and delicious peach, ripening about the same time, as do also, "Hand 15. The Monmouth Melacaton and Susquehanna or Griffith, both large, rich, yellow fruit. "10. The Magnum Bonum follows. "17. The Late Heath Cling-stone, the most deliriously flavored of all the varieties, matures about September 12th. They are very abundant, and are all consumed for canning and preserving. "IS. Bear's Smock, is about the latest peach as yet success- fully cultivated in this region; but there is, "19. Solway's Late, which promises to do well. "When this last variety is harvested the peach season is ended, but the fruit growers are endeavoring to obtain other varieties to extend the season still further. There are several new varieties which give promise of success in this direction, notably Fisher's Favorite, Cameron's Late Yellow, and Levy's Yellow Cling, all remarkably line fruit, and, should they thrive, the peach season will no doubt be protracted till the middle or last. of October, about a month longer than heretofore. So if the Andrews' and Alexander Early are also successful, the season will be very notably extended.*' CHAPTER XVII. The Washington Grove Camp Ground. Incorporators. Objects. Location. Present and Past Officers. Cottages. Tents. Oumers. The Washington Grove Camp Meeting Association of the District of Columbia and Maryland, was chartered March 30th, 1874, by the State Legislature, with F. Howard, Win. R. Woodward, J. T. Mitchell, B. H. Stinemetz, Th. Somerville, J. W. Wade, M. G. Emery, Alex. Asbley, R. H. Willett, W. M. Talbot, J. G. Warfield, E. F. Simpson, J. A. Ruff, Th. H. Langley, W. R. Hunt, Th. P. Morgan, Hy. T. Whalen, G. Th. Woodward, J. R. Riggles, W. H. Griffith, John Lanahan, G. G. Baker, B. Peyton Brown, T. H. Davis and J. Hy. Wilson, as incorporators. It is a stock association, with the capital stock fixed at $20,000, divided into 1000 shares at $20 per share. One share entitles the owner to the privilege of a tent site, and five shares to a cottage site. The land is held by a Board of Trustees, and its business is managed by an Executive Committee, who are elected annually. Its general purposes are for holding Camp Meetings and building np summer homes for a select community. Two surveys have been made, one for the tenting and the other for the cottage department; in the latter, the lots are 50 x 150 feet. The tract consists of 268 acres, well wooded in white oak and chestnut timber, supplied with an abundance of the finest water in springs and wells, and some of it possessed of decided medici- nal properties. It is considered as healthy a location as any in the State. It is located on what is known as Parr's Ridge, a high point, over GOO feet above tide level, and on the line of the Metro- HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 117 politan Railroad, 20i miles from Washington, and in a north-east direction from Gaithersburg. The railroad passes through the edge of the tract, and a broad and shaded avenue leads direct from the railroad station to the camping grounds. The first camp was held August 13th, 1873, and six camps have been held since to August, 1879. All the meetings were largely attended and satisfactory in results, more than four hun- dred and sixty-four persons having been converted at the different meetings. The officers have been — Dr. Flodoardo Howard President. W. R. Woodward Vice-President, F. P. Simpson Secretary. o . A. Ruff Treasurer. The present officers are — Thos. P. Morgan President, W. E. Woodward Vice-President. E. F. Simpson Secretary. B. H. Stinemetz Treasurer. Rev. B. Peyton Brown, the present Presiding Elder of the Washington District, has been and is one of the leading spirits in this enterprise. The Camping Grounds are laid out in an irregular seven sided "Circle," a plaza, from which as many avenues radiate, and all of these look direct into the plaza — which is 216 feet wide from North to South, and 179 feet from West to East, In the centre is a Tabernacle 48x70 feet, and the Camp is pro- vided with a dining court and other necessary structures. Attention having been attracted to the Cottage Tent, as a desirable form for camp purposes, a number have been built, mostly on the plaza — and are named in the order of their loca- tion . Rev. W. Burris, Thos. P. Morgan, E. F. Simpson, Alfred Wood, J. W. St. Clair, Henry C. Craig, Jr., L. W. Worthing- ton, J. W. Wade, Thos. Somerville, Geo. E. Hall, John Ireland, (of Annapolis,) H. W. Frankland, W. li. Woodward, R. Cohen, Jr. and It. H. Willett; on Second Avenue, Mrs. Kilgore, of the 118 HISTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. County; on Sixth Avenue, a Preachers' Lodge, and on Second Avenue extended a Keeper's house. Messrs. Willett Ov Morgan Mere the pioneers in cottage build- ing. On First Avenue, Mr. Wash. B. Williams lias a commodious furniture store and lodging house. Other improvements are contemplated that will make Wash- ington Grove a, most desirable and attractive spot. The organization is under the control of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but persons of all denominations unite with them, and are heartily welcome. DIRECTORY TOWNS, VILLAGES AND RESIDENTS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, Ml). B A K M KSV ILLE, One mile from the Station by that name on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 73 miles from Baltimore, and 33 miles from Washington. Soil — poor, but susceptible of great improvement, Products, per acre— 15 bushels Wheat, 20 bushels Corn, 1500 [bs. To- bacco, one ton Hay. Four Churches — Methodist, Roman Catholic, Bap- tist, and Protestant Episcopal. Population, 175. Postmaster. Pyles, H. T. Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. Miles, C. W. Miles, N, E. Carpenters and Undertakers. Hilton, W. T. Orme, A. s. Mem', Darby, 8., & Sons. Harris. B. G. Hays, R. P. Pyles, II. T. Hotels. Carr. W. H. Talbot, N. J. Mi/It i:\. Darliv, John W. Darby, R. R. Physic Bowlen, G. W. Wood. d. Vinton. Shoemaker. Nichols, Charl< Farmers. Bowman, Frederick Cooley, J.F. Coolev, Z. G. Darby, J. W. Harris, A. S. Harris, S. F. Hays. F. P. L. J. Hays, s. 8. bey, C. R. Hodges, William I i\\ man. Charles Lawman, James Linthicum, F. Lynch, John H. Pearre, .lame/. Poole, A. I, \\ . N. Sellman, L. L. Sellman, J. P. Sellman, Win. 0, Wade, W. W. Ward, Thomas II. White, R. G. White, W. B. 120 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. BEALLSVILLE, Three miles from Barnesville,,on the Metropolitan Railroad, and three miles from Poolesville. Land under clean cultivation. Soil sandy, and producing good crops of Wheat, Com, and Hay. Churches and Schools. Store, Post Office, Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop. Population, 50. Farmers. Beall, L. Brewer, W. G. Bolinger, W. Griffith, H. Griffith, Frank Griffith, P. Hemstone, A. T. Trail, Richard Veirs, J. M. Webster, George Whiting, BETHESDA, On the Frederick and Georgetown Pike, five miles from Georgetown, D. C, and three miles from Knowles' Station on the Metropolitan Rail- road. Soil fertile, selling from thirty dollars to one hundred and twenty- five dollars per acre. Products— Wheat, 25 to 50 bushels, Corn, 45 bushels, Hay, two and one-half tons per acre. Presbyterian Church and Public School. Population, 25. Postmaster. Lester, R. C. Attorney at Law. Bradley, Joseph Kirby. Win. Loehte, "\\ m. Carpenter, Beckwith, Benedict ge Maker. Austin, James Merchandise. Lester, R. C. Irian. Davidson, James H. era. Anderson, J. Hopkins Bean, A. 11. and B. F. Bean, E. H. and Jas. M. Bohrer, .1. T. and John G. Bradley, Joseph Carroll. II. G. ( 'ounselman, Wm. Davidson, James H. Davidson, John Dodge, J. H. Dunlap, George Gingel, James M. Gingel, Joseph Gleghorn, John Hudleston, Geo. and Wm. Jones, L. C. Keizer, Cyrus Keizer, Eli Kisner, C. Kisner, Henry Lawrence, David Lester, R. C. Offutt, H. L. Owens, Z. Powell, James Pyles, Henry Renshaw, llenry Renshaw, Thomas Renshaw, William Spates, Frank Spates, George Spates, Robert Tolbert, Theoj)hilus Wall is, Edwin Watkins, E. P. Watkins, S})encer Williams, John C. Williams, Lewis Willson, John N. Willson, Michael DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 121 BOYD'S, On the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, seventy miles from Baltimore, and thirty miles from Washington, is one of the handsomest points on the Metropolitan Railroad, and is being rapidly improved. This is in a great measure due to Captain James A. Boyd and Messrs. Williams and Lewis. Captain Boyd has expended over one hundred thousand dollars in improvements in the past few years. Loca- tion very healthy, being rive hundred feet above the level, of the sea. Business, crops, and land good, with a clay soil, ranging in price from ten dollars to one hundred dollars per acre. Produces 15 to 35 bushels Wheat, 45 bushels Oats, 100 bushels Potatoes, 60 bushels Corn, and 1000 pounds of Tobacco to the acre. Liberal inducements and well improved lands ; excellent water-power, suitable for extensive manufacturing pur- poses. Presbyterian Church, Rev. James S. Henderson, Pastor. White and Colored Public Schools. Population, 100. Postmaster. Williams, James E. Blacksmith. Howard, James Merchants. Williams & Lewis. Millers. Darby, John W. & Son. Davis, R. P. Waters, Dr. W. Dairies. Boyd, James A. Burdette, Basil Burdette, R. H. Farmers. Beall, J. H. Boyd, James A. Brewer, D. N. Burdette, Basil Burdette. R. H. Burdette, Wm. M. Carlin, John Carlin, John T. Dade, Alex. Dade, Robert Gott, Benj. C. Grant, Robert N. Knott, Frances Knott, John W. McAtee, James W. McAtee, John S. —Thompson, Baker White, Joseph C. White, R. T. Williams & Lewis. Pomologist. Meigs, F. P. BRIGHTON, Four miles East of Brookeville, near the Patuxent River, contains several Stores and Post Office, and is noted for the superior quality of Sweet Corn and Fruits. Land under fine tillage and very productive; rated at twenty to sixty dollars per acre. Population. L50. Merchants. Pierce, E. & Co. Fruit Packer. Stabler, Henry Inm/rance Agent. Hartshorne, Isaac 9 122 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. BROOKEVILLE Is forty-two miles from Baltimore, eighteen miles from Washington, and ten miles from Rockville; pleasantly located in one of the richest sec- tions of the County, and is quite a fashionable resort in the summer for health and pleasure seekers, — the restorative qualities of a strong Chaly- beate Spring in the vicinity attracting many persons anxious to try its efficacy. The lands are highly improved and under thorough cultiva- tion. Soil, red clay ; selling from fifteen to one hundred dollars per acre. The productions are large and increasing; business good. Churches — Methodist Protestant, Methodist Episcopal, and the Protestant Episco- pal Chapel. One Academy, Prof. Samuel H. Coleman, Principal. One Public School. Population, 250. Postmaster. Gattrell, R. W. Blacksmiths. Conner, James Jones, Wm. H. Kirby, Thomas Carpenter. Appleby, A. O. ( 'crriaijes and Wagons. Baker, John M. Boswell, R. K. Miller, Wm. B. Merchants. Gattrell, R. W. Mobley, Wm. B. Parsley, John H. Harness. Bell, John W. Millers. Down, Wm. H. Weir & Bro. Physicians. Martin, .lames S. Riggs, Artemus Shoemakers. Parsley, George W. Whiteside, John Parsley, Margaret Watchmaker. Howard, Henry N. Farmers. Clark, John O. Davis, Hon. A. Bowie Ellicott, Samuel Gaither, Daniel H. Gaither, Ephraim Gaither, John W. Gaither, Thos. D. Gardiner, John W. Gattrell, Aaron Griffith, John Hall, E. J. Hallowed, James S. Higgins, 0. A. C. Holland, James T. Holland, Thos. J. Howard, Mrs. Annie N. Howard, Brice W. Hutton, Joseph W. Hutton, Rev. Orlando Jones, G. Magruder, Bowie Owen, Hon. E. W. Riggs. Thos. D. Riggs, Wm. C. Stabler, James Strain, Capt. J. W. Veitch, Fletcher R. Waters, Thos. D. Waters. Z. D. DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 123 B1IRTOXSVILLE. Five and one half miles from Laurel. Soil, arable, and principally cleared ; land sells from fifteen to sixty dollars per acre. 20 to 30 bushels Wheat, 25 to 50 Corn, and Hay, two tons per acre. Liberty Grove Church, Pastor, Rev. J. Cook. Population, 50. Poxtmaster. Burton, R. A. Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. Beall, Joseph Burton. R. A. Robey, Berry Carpenters. Beall, Joseph Homer, M. J. Mineburg, John Vincent, Plummer Merchant. Small, Bruce Miller. Bone, Allen Physician. Waters. Charles Farmers. Beall, John Beall, Josiah Beall, Nathan F. Beall, Thos. Bone, Allen Burton, George D. Burton, George II. Burton, Isaac Carr, A. B. Carr. 15. D. Carr. Caleb Crosedale, Howard Crosedale, John Crusen. Henry S. Harding, Samuel H. Hopkins. James H.' Iglehart, James L. Iglehart. Nathan .Marshall. James Miller, John Rich, Charles Rich, William Soper, James P. Soper, Joseph Thomas, Samuel Ward, Orem Waters, Charles \\ aters, J. Waters, T., Sr. Waters, T., of S. Waters, T. J. C 4 B I TX J O II N I at the crossing of the Aqueduct over Cabin John Creek. This crosses OH a single arch, the longest span in the world. A fashion i ; for »m Washington; the fishing for Bass in the Potomac being excellent. Hotel. Store and Post Offii CEDAR GROVE. Five miles from Gcrmantown. Land variable. Soil— clay, flint and rock : worth from ten to thirty dollars per acre. Wheat, 86 to 80 bushels ; (dm, 80 to in; Tobacco, 1600 pounds, and Hay, one ton per acre. Two Chorckes— Methodist Episcopal and Baptist. White and Colored Schools in vicinity. Population. 186. 124 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, Postmaster. Watkins, O. T. Blacksmiths. Majors, John T. Miles, George Carpenter. Waters, F. M. Merchandise. Watkins, O. T. Farmers. Appleby. Curtis Barber, G. E. Barber, H. Beall, G. N. Bowman, Asbury Burns, Sylvester Miles, Herbert Page, Horace Page, Washington Page, Z. W. Poole, W. H. Pugh, Samuel Purdum, J. R. Riggs, James Riggs, W. E. Sibley, Joseph Thompson, Wm. Watkins, B. F. Watkins, E. K. Watkins, James W. Watkins, L. L. Watkins, Noah Williams, J. F. Williams, Somerset AVilliams, Wm. Young, Richard CLARKSBURG. This picturesque village is located on the Washington and Frederick Turnpike, fifteen miles from Frederick, thirty miles from Washington, and four and one-half miles from Boyd's Station. The land in and around Clarksburg was originally granted to Henry Griffith in 1761, and known as the " Cow Pasture." The first house built in the village was by John G. Clark, whose daughter married William Wilson, the father of Leonidas Wilson, the present owner, who, for a long time, successfully conducted the business of merchandising. It is now occupied by Lewis & Williams. In the garden of Mr. Scholl, at the east end of the village, was first discovered the celebrated Catawba Grape, which has since gained such a world renowned reputation. It is now owned by the Hon. George W. Hilton, and is annually visited by numbers of Pomologists and curiosity seekers. Great improvement has been made in the land during the past few years by the aid of lime and fertilizers, and can be purchased from ten to sixty dollars per acre. Produces 20 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 30 to 50 of Corn, 35 of Oats, 100 of Potatoes, 1200 to 1500 pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay per acre. Two Churches, both Methodist Episcopal. White and Colored Public Schools. Odd Fel- lows' Hall. Literary Association. King's Distillery. Population, 250. Postmaster. Buxton, Wm. H. Blacksmiths and Wteelwrights. Anderson, C. T. Dronenberg, Wm. W. Leaman, R. A. Shaw, L. D. Justice of the Peace. Belt, John S. Oarpcriters. Leaman, John S. Woodward, CO. Hotel. Baker, John Merchants. Gibson, John H. Lewis & Williams. DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY CO I 125 (■0^ Physicians. Galloway, T. K. Thompson, R. H. Waters, Wm. A. Tax Collector. Neal, James B. Shoemaker. Hurley, John W. Publishers. Boyd, T. H. 8. & Co. Mills. King, Luther G. Distillery. King, L. G. Tobacco Inspector. Hilton, Robert S. Tailor. Housen, Lewis Farmers. Beall, Caleb Belt, John S. Boyd, Elizabeth Burns, J. W. Darby, Edward N. Darby, Nathan Day, James W. Dronenberg, Wm. J. Hilton, Hon. George W. Hoyle, Jos. H. C. Johnson, James T. Israel, George W. Kemp, James S. King, Charles M. King, Edward J. King, Rufus Layton, O. 8. Lewis, Edward Lewis, John A. Linthicum, Gassaway W. Miles, James H. Murpbey, C. R. Neal, James B. Purdum, Charles T. Purdum, James H. Rose, A. Rose, S. L. .'Summers, C. Summers, Z. Thompson, Samuel C. Waters, A. J. Waters, Edward H. Waters, Dr. Wm. A. Watkins, William, of A. Williams, Wm. Williams, Wm. L. Windsor, Wm. R. COLESTILLE, On the Ashton and Colesville Turnpike, eight miles from Silver Springs, and sixteen miles from Washington. Land under fair cultivation, and yielding good crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, and Hay. Land worth from twenty-five to seventy-five dollars per acre. Churches, Schools, Mills, Stores, and Post Office. Magistral- . Baker, John T. Afi/r r. Zeigler, James H. Butcher. Hopkins, Samuel J. Farmers. Baker, John T. Bonifant, George Bradley, W. P. Canby, Wm. M. Fawcett, E. H. Fawcett, Benjamin Hopkins, Samuel J. Pilling, Frank A. Valdenar, William Walters, E. L. 126 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. DAMASCUS, Seven miles from Mount Airy, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. General products — Wheat, Corn, Tobacco, and Hay. Land undulating, selling from eight to twenty-five dollars per acre. Montgomery Chapel, (Methodist Protestant,) and Howard Chapel, (Methodist Episcopal.) Schools near. Population, 100. Postmaster. Smith, P. M., Jr. Blacksmith. Smith, James W. Carpenters and Undertakers. Edwards, Henry C. Mount, John R. Carriages and Wagons. Jacobs, Jonathan Ward, N. H. Merchants. Clagett, J. H. Engle, R. Etchison, Marcellus Hurley, R. A. Smith, P. M., Jr. Young & King. Harness. Burns, R. R. Physician. Lansdale, B. F. Shoemaker. Holland, S. B. Farmers. Bowman, Rezin H. Burdette, James W. Burdette, N. J. Burns, Jesse L. Day, Rev. Jackson "Duvall, M. Duvall, R. Glaze, Bazil T. Gue, L. C. Hilton, Thomas I. Hilton, Walter King, C. M. Mullinix, George W. Purdum, C. F. Scheckles, J. T. V Wariield, John Warfield, John E. Warthen, N. B. Watkins, Grafton Watkins, P. G. DARN£STOWN, Five miles from Germantown Station, Metropolitan Railroad. Land productive, and plenty for sale at from fifteen to eighty dollars per acre. Produces abundant crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, Tobacco, and Hay. Presbyterian Church, Academy, and Public School. Popula- tion, 200. Postmaster. Windsor. ,1. S. Merchants. Griffith. Julian Windsor, Jam Millers. Darby, Upton Offutt, U. D. Farmers. Beall, Randolph Benton, James N. Broon, Duthorn Cross, J. Dawson, Nicholas Higdon, .John Higgins, Samuel Jones, Nathan DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 127 Lewis, Thomas Magruder, Thomas Purdurn, James \Y. Rice, William Small, John Thompson, Martin Vincent, Barley Vincent, Charles DAWSONVILLE, Four and a half miles from Boyd's Station. Sandy soil, and land prin- cipally cleared and valued at from thirty to eighty dollars per acre. Produces large crops of Wheat. Corn, Oats, Potatoes, and Tobacco. A Baptist Church and Public School. Population, 75. Postmaster. Allnutt, H. C. Blacksmith. Stang, F. 0. Merchandise. Allnutt, H. C. Physician. * White, N. S. Shoemaker. t Crown, Wm. Farmers. Allnutt, Benjamin. Allnutt, Berroni /'-' Allnutt, James N. Allnutt, Nathan W. , Byrd, -John Darby, Thomas Dawson, Americus Dawson, Fred. A. Dawson, James M. Dawson, Randolph Dyson, Benjamin Dyson, Joseph Dyson, Samuel Jones, Thomas Pyles, B. Frank Pyles, Edward Rawlings, Joshua Rawlings, Thomas Vincent, Napoleon Thirty-six miles on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road. Land well cleared and clay soil; valued at from thirty to fifty dollars per acre. Under good cultivation, and yielding 35 bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, 1000 pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay to the acre. Churches and Schools in the immediate vicinity. Population, 100. Postmaster. Dickerson, W. H. Dairies. Bowie, Rufus A. Holland, J. W. Merchant*. Dickerson, W. H. Leapley, J. N. Physic ii 1 7/. Hilton, L. J. W. Milh Etozzell, James Webster, George Willing, Ambrose. Farirnrx. Andrews, Jefferson Appleby, N. H. Belt, McGill Belt, Richard Brail, Wm. Brail, Rufus 128 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Carslisle, James Carson. David Cheswell, E. Dickerson, N. C. Diggins, Daniel Gott, J. S. Harris, Abraham Harris, Solomon T. Hays, G. R. Heffener, John Hempstone, A. T. Hempstone, S. H. Jones, J. A. Jones, J. L. T. Jones, J. T. Jones, Leo Luhn, Chris. Moxley, Thomas Moxley, Wm. Oden, George W. Price, John T. Price, Wm. Ramhouse, Sydney Riely, Otho Scholl, Henry Bellman, F. O. Sellman, Howard Silence, John Titus, Bun- Trundle, Horatio Trundle, James O. White, Frank White, R. G. White, L. A. Whitehouse, M. O. Yarkund, Hildi Zerknitz, Hans EDWARDS' FERRY, On the Potomac River, between Sycamore Landing and Ball's Bluffs, contains Store, Warehouse and Post Office. Postmaster. Spates, George W. Farmers. Collier, Thomas R. Elgin, James Jarboe, E. E. Poole, N. D. Spates, George W. White, E. V. FAIRLAND, Three miles East of Colesville, on the Columbia Road. St. Mark's Me- morial Episcopal Church, School House and Store. Population, 50. Postmaster. Soaper, Burton T. Farmers. Barrett, Benjamin Beck with, B. Beckwith, E. Brian, John M. Culver, J. H. Conley, Thomas T. Mankin, J. D. Marlow, Benj. H. Marlow, Julius Mitchell, Daniel Pilling, Alice Roby, Edgar Soaper, Joseph DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 129 FOUR CORNERS, Two miles from Silver Springs. Land productive and worth from twenty to fifty dollars per acre. Wheat, Corn, and Hay are the staple produc- tions. Methodist Episcopal Church (South), and Public School Popu- lation, 125. ■ Postmaster. Grimes, Robert Blacksmith. Taylor, B. Carpenters. Berry, John Chrismond, Robert aolds, Gassaway Merchandise. Manakee, Wm. E. Millers. Bond, James H. Bond, James L. Shoemakers. Grimes, Robert Lancaster, John W. Farmers. Adams, C. Barnes, Henry A. Barnes, William Bayley, Stephen Beall, George N. Boarmau, Robert Bowie, Henry Cadle, William Chrismond, Robert Clark, Bailey Clark, E. Clark, Henry Clark, James k, Levin Clark, Oliver Ch rk, 0. H. P. Clark, William Fee, William Fee, William, Jr. Gittings, "William, Sr. Grimes, William M. Hardesty, Thomas G. Hopkins, Joseph Jackson, Jasper M. Joy, Columbus Lindsay. Opie H. Mackmahon, Michael Moran, Andrew Ogdon, Leonard i >gdon, Win. J. Olin, Hon. A. B. Owings, James Parker, James Patten, L. P. Reed, William Shaw, Charles H. Vermillion, John H. GAITHKRSBVRG, Twenty-one miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Balti- more and Ohio Railroad. This place was incorporated by the last Leg- islature and is rapidly improving. The land principally is in a fine state of cultivation, and is valued in price from fifteen to one hundred dollars per acre, and produces 40 to 50 bushels of Wheat, 60 of Corn, two tons of Hay. and 1 500 pounds of Tobacco to the acre. Two Churches— Meth- odist Episcopal, South, and Roman Catholic. Town Hall and Public School. Population, 20"\ Postntu Ward, U.r. Agent Railroad. Poole, S. J 30 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Blacksmiths. Duvall, C. P. Easton, Giles Gloyd, Samuel Car] tenters. Beckwith, Greenbury Beckwith, Waters Men-hants. Belt, John H. Owen, T. J. Ward & Fulks. Millers. Lemon, George Trail, Burton Watkins, Levi Physician. Etchison, E. E. Shoemaker. Cooms, William Farmers. Briggs, Gideon Briggs, James M. N. Briggs, John Briggs, Robert Briggs, Samuel Briggs, Thomas Calvin, Timothy Chandle, J. W. Clagette, James H. Clagette, John H. Clements, Lemuel Clopper, D. Codwise, B. R. Cook, Nathan Cook, Wm. H. Cooke, Mrs. E. Cooke, Wm. J. Crown, H. L. Day, Jacob Day, Washington Dessellum, John T. Diamond, J. B. Diamond, Mrs. S. J. Dorsey, R. G. Fulks, Wm. R. Gaither, James B. Gaither, W. R. Hutton, W. R. Jones, L. C. Meesne, C. G. Meesi-ie, O. C. Mills, Richard Reed, William Ricketts, Isaac Selby, Allen Selby, John T. Small, John Suter, Thomas R. Thompson, F. H. Thompson, John Thompson, Joseph Tscheffely, F. H. Wade, John W. Wade, William Walker, G. E. Walker, J. W. Walker, N. J. Whalen, Martin Woodward, R. GERMAN TOWN, Twenty-seven miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Bal- timore ami Ohio Railroad. Good land and excellent water; valued at from ten to fifty dollars per acre. The soil is kind, yielding productive- ly of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Potatoes, Tobacco, and Hay. The village is located about one mile from the Station ; contains two Churches — Methodist Episcopal and Baptist, and Public School. Quite an extensive business is carried on at the Station in Fertilizers and Agri- cultural Implements ; also, in the Manufacture of Carriages, Buggies, &c. Population, 100. Postmaster. Thomas N. Henderson. Agent. Gassaway, John II. DIRECTOR'S OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 13J Harness, &c. Nicholls. John H. Merchants. Gassaway, John H. Harris, R. E. Henderson, Thomas N. Waters, Horace D. Shoe and Boot Maker. Carlin, Thomas Farmers. Bennett, R. H. Benson, John T. Benson, Wm. II. Gassaway, John H. Gloyd, Eden Henderson, Joseph Laurer, J. A. Leaman, Christian Musser, William Page, Nathan Pumphreys, Henry Reichter, John C. Snyder, Jacob F. Snyder, John Waters. Horace Waters, William Williams, Henry Williams, Samuel GOSHEN, Five miles from Gaithersburg. Land in fine cultivation. Soil — clay, mixed with loam, and valued at from twenty to fifty dollars per acre. Produces 30 bushels of Wheat, 50 of Corn, 1000 pounds of Tobacco, and two tons of Hay per acre. One Church — Methodist Episcopal. South Public School, two Mills, &c. Population, 50. Postmaster. Martin, A. R. Blacksmith. Hogan. 0. F. Merchandise. Martin, A. R. Millers. Davis, J. S. Lewis, J. W. Farmers. Benson, J. E. Blunt, W. W. Bowman, Uriah G. Dorsey, R. G. Green, Richard Higgins, James Higgins, Thornac Jones, Richard W. Jones, Somerset O. La Mar, J. C. Magrudar, H. R. Magruder, J. S. Magruder, Wm. M. Magruder, Z. M. McMahan, E. Merriweather, A. G. Miller, Washington Reed, William Riggs, George Riggs, Harry Riggs, R. D. Stewart, A. G. Thompson, J. H. Thompson, J. C. Thompson, Wm.. of 0. Waters, J. McC. Waters, W. D. ii K E A T F A L I, S , On the Potomac River. The Government Dam and Wati r Works are located here for supplying the District of Columbia. This is the largest available water-power in the world, and its development and utilization 132 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. for manufacturing purposes, cannot fail to eventuate in the growth of a considerable town at this point. The Great Falls Ice Companies' Warehouses are also located here. Hotel, Store and Post Office. Population, 150. HYATTSTOWJf. Eight miles from Boyd's, on Bennett's Creek. Soil — clay, mixed with slate. Land undulating, back to the foot of Sugar Loaf Mountain; is principally cleared and under good cultivation, and worth from eight to fifty dollars per acre. Producing of Wheat, 25 bushels; Corn, 50, Oats, 40; Potatoes, 100; Tobacco, 1000 pounds, and Hay, two tons per acre. Three Churches — Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Episcopal, South, and Christian. White and Colored Public Schools. Population, 150. Postmaster. Smith, J. R. Blacksmiths. Dutrow, Jacob W. Dutrow, O. W. \ Carpenters and Undertakers* Dutrow, P. C. Gardner & Son. Smith, J. R. Carriages and Buggies. Brengle, J. H. Merchants. Dutrow, D. W. Welsh, Wellington Miller. Darby, George A. Physic ni a. Zeigler, A. H. Saddles and Hamesa. Burdett, John E. Shoemaker. Grimes, George Tailor. Davis, William Farmers. Anderson, Mrs. Ellen Browning, Charles T. Cecil, Otho P. Dixon, John Harris, Z. G. Johnson. Samuel Keith, C. Lawson, James W. Layton, C. F. & Bro. Leather, E. Lewis, J. R. Lewis, William B. McLane, Anion McLane, Joshua Price, Charles Price, George Price, Levi Price, Thomas, of E. Price, Thomas H. Simmons, Samuel T. Tabler, Andrew J. Tabler, George F. Tabler, J. L. Tabler, John H. Warlield, H. G. Watkins, Luther Welsh, Asa .H. Windsor, Z. L. Wolfe, Jesse H. Zeigler, D. HDfTHG HILL, Five miles West of Rockville, on the Poolesville road, and three miles South of Gaithersburg. Land improving, and yielding fair crops k of Wheat, Corn, Potatoes, and Hay. An important feature is the Chrome DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 133 Pits in the vicinity. Store, Wheelwright and Blacksmith Shop, and Post Office. KNO WLE8', Eleven miles from Washington, on the Metropolitan Branch, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Land variable; valued at from forty to eighty dol- lars per acre. Yielding 30 to 40 bushels of Wheat, 50 to GO of Corn, and two tons of Hay. Churches and Schools in immediate vicinity. Popu- lation, 75. Postmaster. Corrick, Joshua Blacksmith. Mulican, George Bricklayers and Plasterers. Lincoln, William Rhoe, William Carpenters. Blackwith, W. T. Blake, George Duvall, George Welch, Patrick MercJmndise. Fawcett, F. M. Farmers. Baker, Nelson Brown, D. W. Brown, M. J. Clemens, John Duvall, Charles Duvall, James Hiffiner, John Knowles, George Manakee, William McDermott, John McDermott, Patrick Mulican, R. Perry, Humphrey Wilson, George LAYTOJfSVILLE, Seven miles from Gaithersburg. Land under fair cultivation; mostly cleared, and rated at from ten to fifty dollars per acre. Produces 30 bushels of Wheat, 25 to 40 of Oats, 150 of Potatoes, 50 to 100 of Corn, 1200 pounds of Tobacco per acre. One Church — Methodist Episcopal. Two Public Schools. Population, 100. Postmaster. Bell, F. L. Blacksmiths and W heehcrights. Sittings, John T. Parsley, Thomas Wicks & Kimble. Carpenters and Undertakers. Easton, S. H. Houck, E. H. Harness Maker. Myers, E. F. Merchants. Kenny, W. H. H. Mobley, George W. Physician. Crawford, B. B. Shoemaker. Snyder, J. P. Tailor. Sellman, John .\, Farmers. Allnutt, J. B. Allnutt, John Allnutt. John T. Allnutt, William Avton, E. B. Bell, F. L. Bell, James T. 134 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Bell, Silence Bowman, George W. Brown, Edward Clagett, James W. Clagett, Mrs. M. A. Crawford, C. A. Darby, W. A. Dorsey, Thomas W. Fish, Benjamin R. Gattrel, G. Griffith, C. H. Griffith, U. Griffith, U. H. Griffith, Wm. R. Hawkins, Win. King. S. Nelson. <). Plummer, Richard Plummet, Robert Pope, C. A. Pope, James M. Pugh, David L. Ray, Nicholas Riggs, Reuben Biggs, Samuel, of G. Riggs, Samuel, of S. Stewart, Albert Thompson, T. Ward, J. Wartield, J. G. Warfield, John T. Waters, George T. Watkins & Clagett Williams. James MARTINSBIRG, Eight miles from Barnesville, on the road (two miles) from White's Perry, on the Potomac River. Land fertile, with a good clay soil; gen- erally cleared, and commands from twenty to fifty dollars per acre. Yielding fine crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, and Hay. Churches and Public Schools convenient. Population, 75. Post master. Reed, James W. Blacksmiths. MeKenzie, T. Peters, John Merchants. Phillips Brothers. Reed& Trundle. Mill' Devilbiss, J. A. Welle r. Frank Shoemaker. Thomas, C. W.. Farmers. Boteler, A. J. Cowley, R. T. Hickman, James B. Jones, William T. Jonc, John L. T. Mercer, W. E. Mosburg, George Mosburg, P. K. Oxley, Edgar F. Ozley, Thomas Pool, B. R, Reed, J< .n Remsburg, D. F. Remsburg, William Skinner. James Bmoot, It. W. StallingB, Richard Stephenson. John Veirs. William P. niDDLEBROOK, Two miles West of the intersection of the Frederick Turnpike and Big va. uine miles West Of Rockville, and four miles East of (Marks- Land, medium; can be purchased at from ten to twenty dollars per acre. Yielding One crops of Wheat, Corn, Oats, Hay, Potatoes, and Tobacco. Churches and Schools near. Population, 80. DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 135 Pnut master. Clements, George II. Blacksmdth. Smith, Peter Easton, William Trail, Thomas // Merchandise. Clements, George H. Millers. Buxton, Leonard Wat kins, L. L, Farmers. Benson, J. N, Benson, Johnson Benson, Thomas E. Case, John Case, Zadoc Crawford, H. Gloyd. James Rabbitt, .Tames O. Ray, D. A. Ricketts, A. P. Trail, James 0. Trail, R. Ward, T. G. Ward, W. E. MOXOC1CY, On the Monocacy River, near the crossing of the Metropolitan Railroad. Land productive, and ranging from ten to twenty dollars per acre. Pro- ducing good crops of Wheat and Corn. Mills, Churches, and Public Schools convenient. Population, 20. Postmaster. Bellman, Frederick General Merchandise. Sellman, Frederick Physician. Hellen, Bouic, Rufus A. Ilea 11, William A. Bays, George R. Bellman, Frederick MONTROSE, Is one-half mile from Randolph. The soil, red cja 3 : valued at fifty to sixtv dollars per acre. Yielding 35 bushels of Wheat, 80 of Corn, and two tons of Hay. Population, 100. Postmaster. Heley, Francis Blacksmith. Flach, Joseph ( arpenter. Cramer, C. (2 Mi rrliaiiilixt . Heley, Francis Holmes, T. Magruder, W. F. Mill- 1 . Orndorf, William Fur: >■ I'.auiev, II. Baker, E. Ball, Frank Codwise, B. R. Curtin T. Duffy, Peter Halpin, C. Hance, A\ . 136 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. LyddaW, T. Magruder, S. W. Magruder, William Magruder, W. S. Ricketta, E. Veirs, C. Veirs, E. Wilson, O. Windan, George BTORBECK Is situated five miles from Rockville. The land is valued at twenty-five to forty dollars per acre. Yielding from 25 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 20 to 25 of Corn, and one and a half ton of Hay. Churches and Schools in close, proximity. Population, 40. Postmaster. Bennett, John A. Blacksmith. Gill, James Carriage Maker. Cashell, C. R. General Merchandise. Bennett, John A. Flack, A. C. Rainier, James Carpenters. Burris, William Nicholls, Charles Farmers. Abert, Charles Abert, Robert W. Adamson, R. L. Beall, J. W. Brooke, Albin Brooke, Roger Cashell, Thomas Cashell, William Flack. A. C. Muncaster, Wm. E. Nicholls, C. W. Riley, P. C. Sullivan, Perry Thompson, William OFFTTT'S -[- ROADS, Six miles from Rockville, and two and a half miles from the Great Falls of the Potomac, which is cohsidered one of the greatest water-powers in the country. The land surrounding is fair, and contains gold mines, which are now being worked. Land sells at from ten to thirty dollars per acre. Produces 15 to 30 bushels of Wheat, 100 of Potatoes, 25 of Oats, and 20 to 30 of Corn. Presbyterian and Methodist Episcopal Churches. Three Schools near. Population, 1 25. Post master. Offutt, William Btetkimritl/x. Lynch, William T. McCormick, George Carpenters. Dolbeck, James Hill, Lloyd Bheppard, Thomas General Merchandise. Garrett & Maus. McQuade, M. Offutt & Perry. Gold Miners. Jas. Bartlett, Merritt & Co. MilUrs. McCormick, G. Orendorf, Wm. Storm, Philip & John DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 137 Physicians. Offutt, B. Willett, C. F. Shoemakers. Burriss, Lem. P. Stearn, J. J. Farmers. Austin, Mahlon Barnhouse, Richard Boswell, Frank Bradley. George G. Bradley, Henry Bradley, Henry, Jr. Burriss, G. W. Carroll, J. M. Clagett, Darius Clagett, Henry Clagett, J. N." Clagett, Wm. Connell, John Connell, Robert Hardest v, Wm. M. Hill. Levi Kilgour, Frank Maus, O. S. Moore, J. D. W. Offutt, John Offutt, L. M. Saunders, John Stearn, Joseph Trundle, John OLNET Is situated eight miles from Rockville. Land good, principally cleared ; is valued at forty dollars per acre, and yields 25 bushels of Wheat, 50 of Corn, and 1200 pounds of Tobacco. Churches and Schools convenient. Population, 75. Postmaster. Kirk, R. L. Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. Jones, L. D. Walker, J. W. Carpenters and Undertakers. Groome, Thomas C. Price, Join) Young, R. W. Dairy. Farquhar, Greenville Dentist. Manakee, F. H. Merchant' B unesley, J. D. Williams & Berger. MiUer. Routzhan, M. C. Physician. Magruder, Wm. E. Shoemaker. Johnson, H. C. 8t0Vi l and Tinicare. Wagner, J. L. 10 Tailor. Schmitt, Andrew Farmers. Barnesley, George Bamesley, James Barnesley, Samuel Berry, J. D. Bowie, Col. W. Brooke, C. F. Cashell, G. C. Cashell, H. B. Cashell, - Chichester, W. B. Childs, James O. Childs, Williain Dorsey, Col. G. Duly, H. B. Farquhar, Charles Griffith, Thomas Hallowell, II. C. Higgina, II. O. Holland, J. C. Hyatt George "W. Jones, L. W. Kirk, Charles Mackall, R. L. Mackall, R. M. Manakee, Reuben 138 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. POOLESVILLE Is located in the Horseshoe formed by the Potomac River, six miles from Barnesville Station, Metropolitan Railroad, and same distance from the Canal, and thirty-two miles from Washington. Principal products- Wheat, Corn and Hay. From fifteen hundred to two thousand head of Cattle are grazed for market in the District. Soil sandy, gray and red ; ranging from fifteen to fifty dollars per acre. A Public and Private School largely attended; also, Briarly Hall Seminary for Young Ladies, ably conducted by Mrs. Mary E. Porter and daughter, with a large attendance. Population, 275. Postmaster. Cator, Samuel Blacksmith. Reed, Lewis Carpenters. Norris, William Hall, E. Money, J. II. Carriage Man nfacturers. Straub & Son. Dentist. Schaeffer, Dr. T. II. Merchants. Hall, T. R, Hays, William N. Hoskinson Bros. Kohlhoss, C. Norris, J. T. Millers. Milford, Thos.. & Bitzer. Physician <. Ayler, Walling, Wootton, Shoemaker*. Grimes, Charles Price, Elias Veterinary Surgeon. Poole, W. T. H. Farmers. Brewer, George Brewer, William Cecil, Humphrey I, William Chiswell, Captain •.well, Edward Dade, John Dawson, F. Fisher, George Fisher, Martin Gott, Thomas N. Griffith, Howard Heirberger, Aaron Hempstone, H. T. Hempstone, T. Hillard, Robert Hughes, William D. Jones, John A. Jones, John L. T, Jones, N. Jones, William T. Metzger, Charles Metzger, William Miles, Uriah Poole, Dickerson Poole, F. S. Poole, J. Sprigg Poole, Richard Poole, Thomas H. Poole, Wallace Poole, William Schaffer, William Sellman, Charles Talbott, Benson Trundle, .James White, Benjamin White, Frank White, Joseph White, Richard White, Thomas H. Willard, Charles Willard, J. Young, David Young, Henry Young, Isaac Young, W. T. DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 139 BEDL1ID, Two miles from Derwood Station, Metropolitan Branch Railroad. Soil productive, and susceptible of improvement. Church and Public School. Population, 50. Postmaster. Peirce, H. B. BlacJcsmif/is. Bready, 0. W Bready, S. K. ('ar} tenters. Belt, Rufus Belt, W. M. March Peirce, II. B. Thompson, H. S. & Bro. Miller. Shaw, Nathan Physician*. Magruder, J. W. Magruder, Julian Farmers. Bean, C. M. Bowman, U. Case, J. & R. Cashell, H. Cashell, J. Cashell, Thomas, Jr. 'Griffith, David Housholder, W. 0. Magruder, H. B. Magruder, Zadoc Muncaster, E. M. Rabbitt, J. Ricketts, J. T. Riggs, Mrs. E. H. Thompson, J. E. BOCKTILIE, The County Seat, on the Metropolitan Railroad, filty-seven miles from Baltimoii been miles from "Washington. The land in the vicinity is clay loam, well improved, and sells from twenty to one hundred dollars per acre. Staple productions — Wheat, Corn, Hay, and Oats. Considerable attention is devoted to Fruit and Garden productions. Contains Court House, Jail, and the County Almshouse. Churches — Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian. Catholic, Episcopal, Di pies, and two Colored. Mispah Lodge, No. 144, A. F. & A. M. Mont- gomery Grange. Population, 1000. ster. England, John G. Agents — Insurance. Higgins, John J. Prettyman, E. D. Agent — Railroad. Cooper, J. J. Attorneys at L Anderson & Bouic. lerson, James W. Brewer & Brewer. Dawson, James England, John G. Jones, Spencer C. Peter A: Henderson. Peter, John F. Talbott, II . W. Audio Boswell, James ksmiths and Wheelwrights Bagley, R. A. Buxton, James F. Green, M. Haney, B. J 40 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Moulden, Eli Mulringer, J. P. Carpenters and Undertaken. Cator, George F. Edmondson, John Haney, Joseph Pumphrey, W. R. Dentist. Manakee, F. H. Druggist. Owens, D. F. Harness Maker. Kircher. David Hotels. Montgomery — M. A. Almony. Union— Francis Kleindienst. Livery StoMes. Poss. J. Babbitt, W. H. Mason. Dwyer, Henry Merchants. Biavs. J. P. Bouic, D. H. England, John G., Jr. Higgins, S. D. & Son. Lyddane, S. B. Mulfinger, Mrs. Mary M. Offutt,'iN. I). Shekell, R. A . Millers. Veirs, E. & Brother. Millinery. Campbell, Mi- Cator, Mrs. G. F. Miller, Mrs. J. R. Physic ii ■ .is. Maddox, C. J. Sommers, A. A. Stonestreet, E. E. Shoemakers. Johnson, R. R. Sad tier, Louis Steele, J. A. Tailor. Morgan, M. Tinner. Viett, Henry Watches and Jewelry. Ansley, Henry Wines and Liquors. Mullican, S. T. Rabbitt, J. R, Rabbitt, William H. Farmers. Anderson. Col. James Anderson, James W., Jr. Bedle. Amos Belt, Edward C. Bouic, Hon. W. Y. Bowie. Hon. R. I. Brewer, John B. Brooke. W. S. Carter. R. W. Claggett, Z. T. Cromack, J. C. . Davis, Samuel L. Dawson, II. A. Dawson, John L. Dove, Thomas R. Edmondson, C. O. Farquhar, Rodger B. Gaitber, William B. 'Gra" e M. Haney. Joseph M. Higgins, James VV. Higgins, Mrs. S. D. Horner, Frank B. Horner, John W. Hunter, Mrs. Hunter, William Hurley, ! ■ Jones, William, Jr. Keys, Chandler Lyddane, S. M. Maddox, Dr. Charles J. Nelson, C. S. Offutt, N. 1>. Orndorff, W. 0. Prettyman, B. B. Ray. N. K. Ricketts, John 11. Picket Is. R. E. Ro/.'n r. 1\ W. Selby, Allen Shaw, George ! L. Stoi Dr. E. E. Stonestreet, Samuel T. Stonestreet, T. W. Trail, Hezekiah Veirs, E. M. DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 141 Veirs, W. A. Wagner, J. N. Watkins, Rudolph White, George Willson, John E. Willson, Samuel SANDY SPRINGS, iit miles East of Rockville, and eleven miles from Laurel, is situated in the midst of a Settlement of Friends, and is surrounded by one of the wealthiest sections in the County. Land under a high state of cultiva- tion, and improved by handsome buildings, etc. Land worth from twenty to one hundred dollars per acre. Principal productions — Wheat, Corn, Hay, and Fruit. Four Methodist Episcopal Churches, two Colored, and Society of Friends. Public and Private Schools. Mutual Fire Insur- ance Company, of Montgomery County; Sandy Springs Savings Bank, and Circulating Library. Population, 10fl. Postmaster. Stabler, Edward Blacksmiths. Budd, Samuel Budd, Thomas Harlow, J. F. Turner, Fletcher Garpem Hill, Re' Leizer, Francis Moore, Robert S. Tucker, Richard Merchants. Gilpin & Bentley. Holland. James M. Thomas,' A. G. Millers. Brooke, Charles F. L< a, Henry T. White, Moab Physician. Iddings, C, Edward Warmers. Bready, John ike, Alban Brooke, George E. ( lashell, A. Ja< Chandlee, Albert Farquhar, William II. Hallowell, Henry C. Kirk. Mahlon Lea, William -Miller, B. H, Miller, Henry H. Miller, Robert H. Moore, Joseph T. !, William W. Palmer, B. I). Palme Roberts, B. R. Id, William J. Scott, Edmund Smith, John M. Stabler, A rthur r, As i M. Stabler, Charles Stabler. Frederick Stabler. Granville Stabler, James P. Stabler, Joseph Stabler, Philip T. Stabler, Robert M. Stone. James 1 1 Thomas. Edward P. Thorn; Thomas, Samuel P. Thomas. William J. Wetherald, Joseph 142 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. SKMJI AN'S, On the Metropolitan Railroad, four miles West of Boyd's, and nine miles East of Point of Rocks, and one mile from Barnesville, — for which this is the Railway Station. Railroad Agent, Samuel Darby. SENECA, On Great Seneca Creek, near its confluence with the Potomac River, on the road from Georgetown to Edwards 1 Ferry. Public Schools and Churches in the vicinity, Store and Post Office. Postmaster, Upton Dorsey. SLIGO, One mile from Silver Springs, and six miles from Washington. Soil- light and loamy; land principally cleared, and rated at fifty to one hun- dred dollars per acre. Produces 30 bushels of Wheat, 25 of Corn, and two tons of Hay per acre. Methodist Protestant Church and two Catho- lic Churches. Two Public Schools. Population, 50. Postmaster. Dorsey, James L. Blacksmiths. Cunningham, ('. Gentner, John Carpenter. Long, J. D. Miller. Bond, J. L. Physicians. Harding, Josiah Stone, C. G. Farmers. Blair, Hon. Montgomery Burch, R. W. Clark, O. H. P. Dorsey, James L. Drain e, A. L. Fenwick, James Lee, 8. P. Thompson, William Wilson, John C. Wilson, R. T. SPEJfCERTILLE, On the road to Sandy Springs, and six miles from Buvtonsville. Land productive, and yielding excellent crops of Wheat, Corn and Hay. Land worth from thirty to eighty dollars per acre. Baptist Church and Schools. Population, 100. Postmaster. W. H. Carpenter. Barnes, James Nurseryman. Phair, William H. Farmers. Chaney, H. S. DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 143 Duvall, Louis H. Herding, Joseph Miller, W. P. Reigle, George Stabler, Asa M. Btabler, Caleb Stabler, F. SlNSHIlfE, Ten miles from Gaithersburg. Soil good, and susceptible of improve- ment; can be bought from twenty to forty dollars per acre. Produces 25 bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, and two tons of Hay. Methodist Protest- ant, (Mount runnel, i and Methodist Episcopal, (Unity Chapel.) Public School. Population, 150. Postmaster. Brown, William W. Blacksmiths. Davis, Nimrod Grady, Frank Carpenters. Boswell, Nicholas Brown, Franklin Cashell, George Dentist. Dwyer. J. D. Merchants. Colliflower & Harvey. Gaither, F. D. Townsend, C. F. Machinist. Bozzell, J. Q. Physician. Maynard, J. H. Shoemakers. Brown, Uriah Coomes, R. W. Dwyer, J. W. Farmers. Brown, J. H. Brown, Joshua Brown, Robert Curtis, John Griffith, Frank Groomes, Franklin Hutton, C. C. Kinsev, John G. Lansdale, R. H. Magruder, J. F. D. Riggs, Elisha Townsend, James Watkins, O. P. TRIADELPHIi, On the Patuxent River, north-east corner of Mechanicsville District. Soil productive. Products — 30 bushels of Wheat, 40 of Corn, and 30 of Oats. Land from rifteen to sixty dollars per acre. Churches, Schools and Mills. Postmaster, Thomas Lansdale. WHEATON, Half mile from Forest Glen. Location healthy. Soil — clay ; land cleared, and rated at forty to eighty dollars per acre. Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Protestant Churches. Public School. 144 DIRECTORY OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY. Postmaster. Plyer, George Blacksi'iith. Rhine, A. Merchants. Anderson, D. C. Davis, Charles Jones, Samuel Mitchell. Richard Plyer, George Ray, A. Physician. Harding, J. Farmers. Adams, Charles Anderson, Charles Batchelor, W. A. Boher, Julius Bowie, Allen Bowman. William Breaton, W. Brown, Thomas Burgdorf, A. Childs, Joseph Cropley, William Dodged J. P. Dodge, Owen Eecleston, Matthew Federline, Frank Glasgoe, J. E. Hardy, Frank Hardy, John Haviland, James Hunter, Thomas Johnson, Henry Jones, C. P. Laney, John Linkins, Henry Matthews, Wesley Muss, Peter Noland, Thomas Perry, Humphrey Price, James Price, William Ray, Richard Riley, Thom as Stanton, i-'rederick* Stubbs. J. B. Trucks, J. Wallace, Murray Weller, M. Weller, William Windham, A. J. WHITE'S FERRY, Six miles from Poolesville, on the Potomac River, four miles from Lees- burg, Virginia. Land in good cultivation; producing 30 to 40 bushels of Wheat; Corn, Oats, and Hay in proportion. Selling from thirty to seventy-five dollars per acre. Store and Post Office, with Churches and Schools in the neighborhood. Splendid Bass Fishing in the Potomac. PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS OF GEORGETOWN, D. ( THE LIMBER TRADE. WHEATLEY BROTHERS. The City of Georgetown enjoys many advantages over other places favorable to the successful prosecution of the Lumber Trade, among which may be mentioned her central location and unsurpassed water facilities for receiving and shipping. The immense amount of Lumber used annually in the United States is constantly increasing, and to supply this growing demand, an immense amount of capital and labor is invested. One of the oldest established firms so engaged in the District of Columbia is that of the Messrs. Wheati,ey Brothers, whose extensive yards in Georgetown and Wash- ington cover fully four acres of ground. Some idea of the extent of their business may be inferred from the fact that they handle over seven million feet of Lumber yearly. The Georgetown office is located at 37 Water Street, and the yards covering several acres are located on the Banks of the Potomac and Rock Creek, where they have a wharfage of three hundred feet, enabling r< of any draught to load and unload at all times. Their stock embraces every description of Lumber received from all the different Lumber sections of the country. At Seventh Street and Rhode Island Avenue, in Washington, their yard occupies one and one-half squares, and is connected with the George- town office by a Telephone, making communication easy and facilitating business. In 1845, Mr. F. Wheatley, the father of the gentlemen conducting the present business established himself in Georgetown, and by his energy and enterprise, successfully conducted the business until 1866, when his four sons under the above style and name became proprietors, and since 146 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. that time have illustrated the fact that the mantle of the sire fell on worthy shoulders , for they have materially extended and enlarged the business, keeping pace with the modern development of trade and com- merce. Directing their entire time and energy, coupled with their exten- sive experience, exclusively to their business, and losing no opportunity of protecting their customers, jt is certain that the " Brothers Wheatley " will merit a continuance of the generous support so long extended to them during the past. The firm are enabled to transact business in a manner satisfactory to all concerned, and their prices are such that they can compete with Baltimore or more Eastern markets. Their trade is principally local, although they make shipments by the railroads and canal to Montgomery and adjacent Counties in Maryland and Virginia. They are also largely engaged in building. Mr. Samuel E. Wheatley, one of the senior members of the Washington branch having immediate supervision of that department. They have twenty-six handsome brick dwellings on the square bounded by Seventh, Sixth and Q, Streets and Rhode Island Avenue, and a number in the immediate neighborhood, all of which are occupied. They are all finished in modern style, combin : ing all the conveniences for house-keeping. Mr. Charles Wheatley, who has charge of the Georgetown office, is a social and genial gentleman— qualities, when joined with strict business principles, and honorable and upright dealing, is sure to make him a host of friends. GROCERIES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. S. CROPLEY'S SONS. Among the important commercial enterprises of Georgetown which commend themselves to general notice, no one possesses features of greater interest than that of the Wholesale and Retail Grocery Trade. The house of S. Cropley's Sons was established by Mr. Samuel Cropley in 1828, and succeeded by his two sons R. B. and A. B. Cropley in 1868, by whom it has since been prosecuted with great success. The indi- vidual importance of this house is such that it exerts an influence over the commercial interests of Georgetown, which is strongly felt by dealers in other departments of trade. In addition to their Grocery Department, they are largely engaged in Rectifying Spirits and Compounding Liquors, among which they make a specialty of "Old Club" Whiskeys, of which they are sole proprietors; also of " Cropley's" X, XX, XXX Whiskeys. r> PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS— GEORGETOWN. 147 They occupy a large five story building Corner Bridge Street and Market Space, where their wholesale business is principally carried on, and one at the Corner of Bridge and Congress Streets, which is devoted to sup- plying families with Fine Wines, Groceries and Canned Goods and Fruits, etc. They are also extensive dealers inTobacco, Snuff, Cigars, etc., of which they keep a well assorted stock, which is of great convenience and value to country dealers. The Messrs. Cropley are Agents for Hazard's Powder, the celebrity of which is wide-spread. They make a specialty of this article, which is extensively used in every section of the country. As the attention of dealers to this house may be advantageous both to it and to themselves, these gentlemen, as agents, are prepared to supply it in any quantities, and at prices lower than it can be bought in the general market. Their trade in Groceries is large, local and general through the District and the States adjoining. These goods are, strictly speaking, first-class when so represented, the high commercial standing of the house forbid- ding their imposition of goods upon customers of a quality inferior to the class ordered, for the temporary emolument such a transaction might afford. In every respect the house of S. Cropley^ Sons is a good one, meriting universal patronage. AN ENTERPRISING MAN. ROBERT T. ARLOW. It has always been the boast of the American citizen that no country in the world offers better opportunities for the truly enterprising, or where true worth will quicker bring a reward than in the United States. An instance of the truth of this statment appears in the case of Mr. Robert T. Aklow, 82 Water Street, Georgetown. This well known, energetic and successful business man is an example where industry and careful management have led to unqualified success. Mr. Arlov.- started business here in the year 18G5. his cash capital being only five dollars. Being ambitious, prudent and withal determined to succeed, he kept constantly increasing his business and using all possible means to advance his interests, and to-day he is the owner of considerable property. His active and energetic manner of doing business, combined with his genial and pleasant manners, has made him very popular, and his " Cottage ^ is xhe resort of all whose business requires their attention along the river front. His Wines, Liquors and Cigars are selected with especial care as to their excellence and purity. Mr. Arlow is the founder of his own property, and is entitled to great credit for the many business qualities he possesses. 148 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. CAPITA!. FLOUR MILLS. W. H. TENNEY & SONS. Among the many celebrated Flour Mills of Georgetown, there is none whose specialties stand higher for purity, and command more ready market than these Mills. W. H. Tenney & Sons, owners and proprietors, established the Mills in 1870, and since then, have been constently employed in producing from one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five barrels per day. The special brands which have gained an extensive reputation for superior quality, and unsurpassed excellence, are Tenney's Hungarian Process, Tenney's Best Family and John Davidson's Family. SHIP AND CANAL STORES. A . H . BRADT. One of the distinctive features of business in Georgetown, is that of supplying vessels and canal boats with all needful supplies. The most prominent establishment engaged in this class of business, is that of Mr. A. H. Bradt, who is 1< tcated on the Canal, near the Goal Elevators. Here can be found every article needed by vessels and canal boats, including Groceries, Liquors, all kinds of Feed, Ship and Canal Stores. Mr. B. has an experience of over 27 years in this business, and is well qualified to realize the wants, and supply the demands of the trade. Mr. Bradt makes a specialty of the celebrated ,l Horsey Whiskey," 1 from Burketts- ville, Frederick County, Maryland. This is kept in stock and has an age of six years, also the " Golden Gate," this is purely a straight Rye Whiskey of superior quality and flavor. PIONEER MILLS. HERR & CTSSEL. Justly celebrated for the manufacture of Flour as Georgetown has become, no brands have attracted more attention and found their way to family use than those produced by the above Mills, this is in a great measure attributed to the present proprietors, Messrs. Herr & ClSBBli. Mr. Geo. W. Cissel has spent a life-time in perfecting the different pro- cesses by winch their brands are recognized, viz : Centennial 1st Premium, Great Swiss Process, Deener & Cissel Fancy, A. H. Herr's Best, and the Peerless Family Flours. Capacity of Mills, 300 barrels per day. PROMINENT MERCANTILR FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 149 BORDEN MENING COMPANY. S. H. SHERMAN. GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT. This Company was organized in 1852, and located at Alexandria, Va., but was afterwards removed to Georgetown, in 1857. The Company was formed for the purpose of mining and supplying the eastern market with Cumberland Coal. Some idea of the extent of their operations may be inferred from the fact that they ship annually about one hundred and fifty thousand tons, giving employment to one hundred and fifty hands. Mr. S. H. Sherman the General Superintendent, has been con- nected with the Company ever since its formation, and is a gentleman of enlarged experience, and thoroughly posted in the affairs of the Com- pany. He is assisted by W. H. Masters, son of the former agent. Their office is located at the Uj/pcr Coal Wharf] near the Coal Elevators. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND FERTIL- IZERS. G. T. DUNLAP. A farmer desirous of Implements of any kind, with which to plant, work or secure his crops, or Fertilizers that will both insure good crops, and permanently improve his lands, is compelled in a great measure to rely on the representations of the manufacturer. Such an establishment will be found at the South- West corner Bridge and High Streets, Georgetown, G. T. Dunlap, Proprietor. Here he will find ever article useful upon a farm. Mr. Dunlap has an experience of twenty years in the business, and established the present house in 1870, and the extensive patronage enjoyed gives evidence of the superiority of its specialties. His stock embraces every thing in the line of Agricultural Implements, Machinery, Farmers' Hardware and Seeds, which comprises the largest and most carefully selected in the city. To give some idea of the varied assort- ment of articles on hand, mention may be made of the " Syracuse Chilled Plow," " A\ "heeler No. G Mower and Reaper Combined,'' " Osburn's Self-Binding Harvester,'' Single Reapers. Single Mowers, either front or rear cut, Whitinghouse Threshers and Cleaners, also his Improved Clover and Grain Threshers, Genuine .Malta Shovel Plows, Portable Steam Engines, the Buckeye Grain and Phosphate Drill, Taylor's Horse Rakes, Corn Shellers, Hay Tedders, Wheat Fans, Hay and Fodder Cut- ters, Cucumber Wood Pumps, Harrows and Cultivators, Clover and Timothy Seeds, Garden Seeds, Plaster and all kinds of Guanos at Manu- facturers' prices. 150 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. He is also the manufacturer of Dunlap's Maximum Fertilizer and Dun- lap's Ammoniated Bone; these manures are carefully prepared, possess unusual strength, and wherever they have been thoroughly tested, are pronounced to be all that is claimed for them. First, that they are the best Fertilizers on the market, both as promoters of rapid growth of crops and permanent improvers of the soil. Second, that they are adapted to any crop, and farmers who have not given them a trial are advised to do so. Mr. Dunlap is a gentleman of enlarged experience and thor- oughly acquainted with every detail of his extensive business, and farmers can depend on his representations. I/UMBER TRADE. JOS. & J. E. LI BBEY. One of the most interesting business features of Georgetown, is the trade in Lumber, for which her water facilities admirably adapt her. Among her most extensive and prosperous Lumber dealers, is the firm of Jos. & J. E. Libbey, whose father established the business now owned and controlled by them, nearly half a century ago. The magnitude of their operations may, in a degree, be estimated by the extent of their facilities for conducting them. They have three yards covering an area, in the aggregate, of over four acres, with a water front of two hundred and thirty feet, the whole of which space is occupied by them in their business. They give employment to a number of hands in the work of handling the lumber, and in performing the labor incident to the busi- ness of receiving and shipping. Their offices are located at 27 Water Street, and are handsomely and comfortably arranged for the rapid transaction of business, and the convenience of their customers. Their specialty is in Hard Wood Lumber, they being the only house in the District that keep on hand a constant supply of White Oak, Ash, Wal- nut, White and Yellow Pine, Shingles, Pickets, Laths, and all kinds of Building Lumber. Their trade extends to sections remote from George- tow.., though they chiefly supply the demands in the District and adja- cent counties. The trade attractions of the establishment are unsurpassed, and the gentlemen of the firm are deserving of the success that has attended their energy and enterprise. In the office will be found a venerable attache of the family and the business of the Messrs. Libbey, "Uncle Crusey, " an old colored man, who for forty six-years has been unremittingly faithful to the trusts reposed in him by the father and sons in whose service he has worked, and of whose interests he has always been watchful. His fidelity has gained for him an affectionate place in the hearts of his " young masters, " who reckon among their greatest pleasures, that of providing for his comfort. PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. 151 HARDWARE, IRO\ AND STEEL. H . P . GILBERT. There is always some one in every city and town who by his ability and enterprise pushes to the front and becomes a public benefactor, by utilizing the facilities for trade and laying the foundations for increasing business and extension of labor. Prominent among this class of men appears the name of H. P. Gilbert, who located himself in Georgetown in 1863, at 93 Water Street, near High, where he has established a busi- ness that is second to none in the city. His business consists of Hard- ware, Iron and Steel of all sizes, either for sale or rent, including Blocks,, Jacks, Dirt and Stone Barrows, Harness, Tug Boats, Scows, &c. Some idea of the extensive nature of his business may be formed from the fact that he gives employment to from fifty to seventy-five men in the various branches of his extensive business. Mr. Gilbert is engaged in many other industries that have for their object the improvement and prosperity of the community, foremost of which is the Potomac Bltje Stone Quarries, on the Potomac Rirer, located above Georgetown. This Stone is of a bright blue color and is in every respect equal to granite, and can be cut into any shape. As a build- ing stone, for durability and beauty it has no equal in this section of the country. The new Georgetown College is constructed from stone taken from these Quarries; it is also extensively used for foundations and paving purposes, and has given universal satisfaction. Mr. Gilbert, by his liberal spirit and enterprise, has gained a wide-spread reputation for upright and honorable dealing. Several warehouses are brought into requisition for the requirements of his extensive business, including everything from a Nail to a Steam Engine. He is also the builder and owner of several Boats that daily ply up and down the river, which are marvels of beauty, power and speed. CIGARS & TOBACCO. PETER J. MAY. In some form or other, Tobacco has become of almost universal use ; economy suggests the Pipe, but in this country, the greatest demand is exhibited for the Cigar. Mr. Peter J. May is a Practical Manufacturer of Cigars, and is located at 93 High Street, Oeorgetoicn, where he makes a specialty of the " Rose Bud; " this is a finely flavored Cigar, and gives great satisfaction to the lovers of the weed. 152 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. GROCERIES AND LIQUORS. WILLIAM A. OFFUTT & BROTHER. No 0: e will deny that the most important business interests in any community are those which supply the public demand for food. The importance of purity and quality in every article of food, renders the business of supplying this demand one which should be entrusted only to reliable persons. Representatives of this class of Merchants will be found in the firm of William A. Offutt & Bro., South- East corner Bridge and High Streets, Georgetown, dealers in Fine Groceries, Liquors, and all kinds of Country Produce; among their various brands of Whiskeys, they make a spe- cialty of the " Jockey Club " and " Baker " brands, both of which are fine and exquisitely flavored, and of the greatest purity. The business of this house was established in 1840, and after several changes, finally succeeded to the " Bros. Offutt." The Stock includes, beside all Staple Groceries, every thing coming under the head of " Fancy Groceries," which comprise Pickles, Sauces, Fancy Biscuits, Canned Fruits, etc. The Messrs. Offutt are young men, who by energy and enterprise have established an extensive business throughout the County of Montgomery, and by their experience are better enabled to supply the wants of the Planters and Farmers, from the fact of their realizing their exact wants and desires. Such is the extent of their business, that they occupy the entire building of five stories, including the cellar. GRAIN, FEED AND HAY. D. B. JACKSON. The facilities and improvements in Baling Hay and Grinding Feed for Stock, has improved so rapidly in the past few years, that this branch of trade has assumed important relations in the various branches of busi- ness. One of the largest and most extensive depots of this description is that of Mr. D. B. Jackson, 110 High Street, Georgetown, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all kinds of Grain, Feed and Baled Hay. Mr. Jackson's enlarged experience in this branch of Business, is such as to guarantee purchasers that all articles sold are just as represented. This building is another of the old land-marks of Georgetown, having been built about seventy years ago, by Mr. Noble Hurdle, who is said to have shaken hands with every President save that of the present incum- bent, Mr. Hayes. PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS— GEORGETOWN. L53 COMMISSION MERCHANTS. HARTLEY & BROTHER. There is not a city in the country of its size that handles and manu- factures as much Grain and Flour as Georgetown. The immense Flouring Mills, using hundreds of thousands of bushels annually— besides which the shipment, both by rail and water, open up a large and extensive field of operations for the Commission Merchant, Broker and Shipper. Prominent among this class of Merchants, from the extent of their busi- ness and commercial integrity, is the old and established linn of Hart- ley & Bbothebs, 95, 99, 101 Water Street, Dealers in Flour, Grain, and General Commission Merchants. This firm has been established since L854, and occupy three warehouses with a combined capacity of storing thirty thousand bushels of Wheat. HYDRAULIC CEMENT A CALCINED PLASTER. J. G. & J. M . WATERS, General Commisssion Merchants, and Agents for Round Top Hydraulic Cement and Red Beach Calcined Plaster, 28 High Street, fronting imme- diately on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is one of the oldest Commission Houses in the City, having been established by Mr. Geo. Waters some twenty years ago. All kinds of Grain is received on Consignment, and Cash Advances made and the interests of the Consignee carefully pro- tected. They have several Warehouses, with a storage capacity of fifty thousand bushels. They are also extensive dealers in Red Beach Cal- cined Plaster and Cement. HATS, CAPS, Ac. J. O. BARRON. This business, especially in the large cities and towns, to be carried on successfully, requires persons of more than ordinary ability and judg- ment. As styles are constantly changing with every season, and as every one who purchases a hat desires to have one in the prevailing fashion, the dealer must exercise care and judgment in the selection of his stock, so as to be able to satisfy the demands of his customers. Mr. J. O. Barron, 120 Bridge Street, from his long experience is eminently fitted for this branch of business, as his well selected assortment of Hats, Caps, &c, including Umbrellas and Canes, will attest. 11 154 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — GEORGETOWN. FAMILY GROCERIES. EUGENE T. LYDDANE. A Family Grocery is an essential part of every community and of great convenience to families, farmers and planters who prefer to make small purchases and buy often, thus enabling them to have fresh and pure articles. Such an establishment is that of Mr. Eugene T. Lyddane, 115 High Street, Georgetown. His stock embraces every variety of Staple and Fancy Groceries, including Teas, Coffees, Sugars, Spices, Soaps, Starches, Canned Goods, Preserves, Jellies, Flour, Hams, Sides, Shoulders, • C, Manufacturers of French and American Confectionery, embracing every description of French Candies— including Caromels, Nut and Fruit Confections, Toy Candies. Sugar Kisses, Stick, Fragment and Rock Candies, including all the different flavors, with Gum and Fruit Drops in every conceivable shape— such as Pears, Peaches, Grapes, etc. They are also large and extensive dealers in Holiday Goods, such as Toys, 160 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. Fire-Works and Fruit Baskets, handsomely arranged and very artistic, suitable for presents and souvenirs. Mr. Carl Mueller has a practical experience of thirty-five years as a Manufacturer of Confectionery, and through the assistance of his son, George J. Mueller, has been enabled to illustrate the fact that an estab- lishment, founded on perfect business principles, combining the essential elements that contribute to the production of a pure article, will meet with that deserved success that always follows those who are deserving public patronage. Their place of business is centrally located on the Avenue, occupying the entire building, including the extension built expressly for the pur- pose of introducing the modern improvements in machinery, and the appliances of skillful labor in the various branches of the business. Exhibition and Salks Department. — The first floor, on entering the store, presents a magnificent and varied appearance, being devoted to the display and sale of goods, embracing an assortment of every class of articles, both foreign and domestic. In the rear of which is located the office, which is conveniently arranged for the transaction of the im- mense business that is daily increasing. The Manufacturing Department. — This building is of recent con- struction, and was built and arranged expressly for the manufacture of Pure Candies, and Confectionery ; the basement of which is used for the storing of Molasses, Sugar and the raw materials used in the various branches of the manufactured articles. The first floor is used for receiv- ing and packing, and is connected with the upper floors by an "Elevator," furnishing safe and rapid communication through the entire range of floors. Here also are found the great blazing furnaces, with "tanks" or '-reservoirs" filled with boiling molasses and sugar, in front of which lay great broad cooling slabs of pure marble, on which the moulten compound is poured and allowed to cool. The second* floor is devoted to moulding the common and cheaper grades of Candy, or 'Penny Goods" as they are known to the trade. Here also is located the machinery for grinding Cocoanuts and other arti- cles required in making the many varieties that are found in their exten- sive catalogue. On this floor is located the great marble slabs upon which the Celebrated Chocolate Caramels, that have gained such a world-wide reputation, are spread and cut ap. The third floor is designated the " Girls 1 Department." — It is here that the fine French Rock and Fancy Candies are made and finished, Gum Drops and Kisses are wrapped and prepared for the market. The Starch and Drying Room is also located on this floor. None but the purest Sugar and Molasses are used by the Messrs. Mueller & Son, which accounts for the popularity of their goods and their rapidly increas- PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 101 ing business. Such is the extent of his trade that he has four wagons constantly employed on the street delivering orders. Mr. Mueller is ;is mindful of his Stock as he is for the comfort of his employes, for he has recently at great expense erected, in the rear of the manufactory, a large and handsome stable, for the accommodation of his horses. It is built in the most approved style, with a large ventilator extending from the lower floors where the stables are located, to the roof where it terminates in a handsome cupola. The floors are concreted, and the bins are self-supplying. The upper rooms are used for feed, har- ness, &c. Tn conclusion, it is but just to say, that the remarkable success of this house must be attributed to the strict integrity of character, and faith- ful adherence to honest dealing that has always characterized their transactions. The burden of the business falls on the shoulders of the son, Mr. Geo. W. Mueller, who is equal to the task, and in every way worthy the cess that has attended his efforts. A young man of great energy combined with strict business principles, he is sure to reach a proud position amongst the business men of the day. WHOLESALE GROCERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS. BARBOUR & HAMILTON. * In Groceries, Foreign and Domestic, Washington takes rank among the chief commercial Cities of the United States. Many of the most prominent business men who have given it high commercial standing, who have added millions to its substantial wealth, which in many i they have nobly used for the City's general welfare and improvement, have been its Grocery Merchants. Prominent in this branch of business, not only as regards the volume of business transacted, the. extensive stock on hand, and superior quality of their goods, but for sound integrity, and commercial standing as honorable and upright dealers, is the firm of Bakbour & Hamilton, 637, 639 and 641 Louisiana Avenue, Washington, D. C. This house was established in 1850, and since that time has been the leading Wholesale Grocery and Liquor Establishment in the District of Columbia. Recognizing the fact in the beginning that the Capital of the Country was destined to be one of tic- hand- somest Cities in the World, and that her inhabitants would necessarily be comprised of the representative people, not only of the nation, but of the whole globe, they determined to establish business on a scale that would meet the requirements not only of the City, but one adapted 162 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. to the wants and demands of the surrounding counties. Their selections of Sugars, Teas and the Staple Articles of their Trade, embrace all the leading grades, and are sold at the same figures as those in the Eastern Cities, they being in constant communication with the principal foreign markets. They are also extensively engaged as Rectifiers of Spirits and Wholesale Dealers in Liquors, of which mention may be made of Gaff Aurora Pure Rye Whiskeys, of 1873, '74 and '75 Vintage; John Gibson, Sons & Co., Whiskeys of all grades, at Distillers' prices; Martinsburg Pure Rye Whiskeys, Barbour & Hamilton's X, XX and XXX Rye Whis- keys; all of which can be purchased at prices as low as can be obtained from the Distillery. They do an extensive business as agents in the Urbana Catawba Wines, Devoe's Brilliant Oil, (considered the Safest Illuminator in the World,) also for Harvest Queen Family, and Silver Spring Extra Flour. A brand of Flour which calls for special notice is their " Our New West, " Patent Process Family Flour, which is unrivalled in the market. Mr. Barbour attends to the financial department of the business, while Mr. Hamilton attends to the purchasing, and it will not be amiss to state that he is the best posted and closest buyer in the market. , WHOLESALE CiKOCERIES AXD LIQUORS FRANK HUME. Successor to Pool & Hume, 454 Pennsylvania Avenue, illustrates the fact that enterprise and energy, combined with strict integrity in business, is sure to meet with success. The establish ment^of Mr. Hume is centrally located on the Avenue, and the several floors of the warehouse are occupied in the various departments of his extensive business, giving employment to a number of salesmen who are kept constantly employed in filling orders, both for City and Country. Mr. Hume is thoroughly posted in every branch of the business, and persons can order from a distance, with the assurance that their wants will be supplied with first-class articles, and at prices that cannot fail to give entire satisfaction. All goods are carefully packed and delivered without charge to the different wharves and depots. Mr. Hume is Agent for Acme Family and Harper's Ferry Family and Extra Flour, and Mt. Summit and Brookfield "Whiskeys. These Whiskeys are especially adapted and suited for Family, Hotel and Bar use; also, the ''Tom Moore" Pure Rye of 1868 Vintage. Mr. Hume's assortment of Fancy Groceries, Canned Goods and Fruits is extensive, and selected with especial care to meet the wants of his customers. PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 163 BOOTS AXD SHOES. J. J. GEORGE. The want of a perfect fitting Boot and Shoe, at the same time com- bining elegance of style and finish, is a want that most, persons have experienced at some time in life. Mr. J. J. George, 2118 Pennsylvania Avenue, North- West, Washington, has a practical experience of eighteen years in the manufacture of Ladies' and Gentlemen's Footings. Mr. George uses none but the best of material in his work, and employs none but the most skilled and finished workmen in the various branches of the business. He pays special attention to the formation of the feet in taking his measure, and by a system which is of his own adoption, he is enabled to adapt the Boot or Shoe to the shape of the foot, thus ensuring an easy and well fitting article, that will never give pain or obstruct the easy grace and movement that lends such a charm to the graceful carriage of the promenader. Mr. George has been for many years an exhibitor at the Montgomery County Fair, and by the superior excellence and durability of his work, established quite an extensive trade. He makes a specialty of Sports- men and Farmers' Boots, who are compelled to be exposed to the snow and slush, and has prepared for their use a Leather Preservative and Waterproof Oil Composition, of which he is the Sole Manufacturer. The object of the Composition is to render the leather soft, pliable, waterproof and durable. He presents each purchaser with a box of this compound, which is found to accomplish all that is claimed for it. Such is the rejiutation of Mr. George for first-class work, that he is in daily receipt of orders from all parts of the country ; officers in the Navy and Army ordering from their different Posts throughout the United States. Another specialty which Mr. George pays great attention to, is Goat Skin Boots for Ladies, made strong and of exquisite finish, comfortable and durable, and in great demand during the winter. PAINTS, OIES AND VARNISHES. GEORGE RYNEAL, JR. The use of Paints for the adornment of habitations and their surround- ings, is at once beautifying, preserving and sanitary, and no one has con- tributed more to the improvement in this branch of business, than George Kyneal, Jb., Dealer in Paints, Oils, Window and Plate Glass, Lamp Goods, Artists' and Wax Flower Materials, etc., 639 D Street, 164 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. North- West. The entire three story building is filled with Goods, apper- taining to his business. The commodious sales and display room is located on the first floor, and is under the immediate jjersonal super- vision of Mr. Ryneal, where will be found one of the largest and most complete assortments of Lamp Goods, Artists' and Wax Flower Mate- rials in the City. The Paints, Oils and Varnishes are principally con- fined to the cellar, while the Window and Plate Glass, with the lighter articles of the trade, are distributed through the upper floors. He is also Agent for Johnston's Kalsominc and Fresco Paints and Masury Pre- pared Cottage Paints. Circulars, including Sample Colors, are sent on application. Mr. Ryneal's business includes both a large City and Country trade, and by his indomitable spirit and enterprise, has acquired a reputation for strict integrity, fair dealing and business energy. HEATING .OD COOKING STOVES. G. E. GARTRELL & CO. The increase of manufactures and the rapid strides made within a few years past, in all branches of industry, has brought many improvements prominently before the public, none more so than those made in Heating and Cooking Stoves. Prominent among those who have by their experience and practical knowledge introduced the improvements mentioned, are the Messrs. G. E. Gartrell & Co., Dealers in Heating and Cooking Stoves, Latrobes and Furnaces, No. 1815 Seventh Street, North- West. Mr. Gartrell has an experience of sixteen years in this business, and is well qualified to realize the wants of the public. Their stock, which comprises one of the most complete in the City, embraces the Highland Queen, which is extra large, the Iron King, which is especially adapted for farmers who burn wood, the fire box being extra large and suitable to their convenience. In their extensive assort- ment, mention may be made of "Bibb's New Silver Palace," which is a Jace stove, and combines all the features of old style, with the new improvements for heating rooms above. They call the special attention of Farmers to the " Harnett Home Range" which is very large and suitable for large families or boarding houses, &c. Their stock of Household Furnishing Goods is very complete, includ- ing Tinware. Stove Fixtures, Wood and Willow Ware, and are sold at prices that are beyond competition. The gentlemen comprising the firm are well known in Montgomery County, who by their pains-taking efforts have secured a large and lucrative trade. PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. L66 CLOTHING HOUSE. A. SAKS & C O. Among the many changes that have taken place in the last century, no more radical revolutions has been accomplished than that in the cutting and making of gentlemen's garments. Ask your grandfathers or grand- mothers what trouble there was to clothe the boys, and they will tell you that weeks of preparation were required to provide husband and child- ren with the necessary Clothing for the season. In that day the countryman and farmer who wore " store clothes" was considered a dandy, and the great improvement is due to such houses as that of A. Saks & Co. whose large establishments in Washington. Rich- mond and Lynchburg, afford such excellent means for those whose purse is either lean or fat, to be dressed in the most genteel and approved styles at a reasonable cost. The cutting, making and trimming depart- ments necessary to produce the goods these large houses demand, are worthy of a visit, and some idea may be gained of the immensity of their trade. ■ When it is stated that notwithstanding all the labor-saving machinery employed, the firm have constantly at work on their goods no less than one hundred and fifty Tailors ; often this number is increased to two hun- dred and fifty. As Messrs. Saks & Co. are always courteous to visitors, those desirous of first-class articles will do well when next in Washing- ton to call on them, and they will be seen to leave 310 Seventh Street, with pleasant recollections. CIGARS AJFI> TOBACCO. GEORGE W. COCHRAN & CO. 'Che establishment of George W. Cochran & Co., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in fine Havana Cigars, Chewing and Smoking Tobacco, 1115 Pennsylvania Avenue, is the largest bouse South of Baltimore. Here the lover of the Weed can find every brand of Cigar, ranging from fifteen dollars to two hundred dollars per thousand. Mr. G. W. Cochran, the senior member of the firm, established the business in 1847, and by strict attention to business and a quick percep- tion to realize the wants of the public, has succeeded in building up the extensive patronage now enjoyed by the firm. Mr.-.J. W. Wetherall, who is associated with Mr. Cochran, is a practical and experienced Tobacconist, and devotes his exclusive time and attention to the details of the business. Mr. Cochran is a gentleman of enlarged business experience, and endowed \\ ith great executive ability, which has placed him at the head of several important enterprises, of which he is President. 166 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. OYSTER TRADE. WILLIAM TURNER. One of the important branches of trade in the District of Columbia, is that of Oysters and Fish. Some idea of the amount of business trans- acted in Oysters alone, may be inferred from the fact that over twenty thousand bushels of Oysters are brought to the wharves per week, from the 1st of September to the 1st of May, principally from the Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay. One of the most prominent Dealers is Mr. William Turner, who does the largest business in the District, in supplying Hotels, Restaurants, Families, etc. Mr. Turner has an experience of twenty years in hand- ling the Bivalves, and by his superior knowledge of the trade, combined with his energy and enterprise, has thus succeeded in establishing his extensive and lucrative business. GROCERIES AND LIQUORS. JOHN D. MANION, Dealer in Groceries, Wines, Liquors and Cigars, Corner Seventh and H Streets, two blocks from the Seventh Street Wharf, has succeeded in establish- ing a large and increasing trade in Fine Family Groceries, Liquors, etc. His " Pimlico Club " and "Aurora" Whiskeys are pure, and are specially used for medical and family purposes. Persons visiting the City by boat will find a full and complete assortment of Staple Groceries, which Mr. Manion delivers free of charge and safely packed for transportation. FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EIOUORS. CHR . X AN DER. It is of the utmost importance to the general trade throughout the country that the prominent and leading houses in the different mercan- tile pursuits should receive the acknowledgments of the public, pro- vided they are deserving of it. Perhaps there is no class of merchants who are as liable to be mistrusted than those engaged in the Liquor Business — therefore a great deal of care and judgment is exercised by those who are desirous of selecting a reliable and responsible house to make their purchases. Such a trentleman and bouse will be found in Mr. Chr. Xander, 911 Seventh Street, North- West, Washington, Distiller and Rectifier of all kinds of Domestic Liquors, and dealer in Foreign and Domestic Wines and Brandies. Mr. Xander has an experience of I PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. 167 fifteen years, and by strict attention to business, lias secured a reputa- tion second to none. His stock comprises the finest grades of Pure Old Rye and Bourbon Whiskeys. A specialty is made of the Old Gold Medal. These Liquors are distilled from the purest materials and are especially recommended for medical and family purposes. He is also the Manufacturer of the Celebrated Tonic and Bitters, known as " Milliston," compounded from the juice of the Wild Cherry, with the extract of different herbs. As an appetizer, it is far superior in flavor and effect to those usually offered to the public. Planters from Mont- gomery County in search of fine Liquors should give Mr. Xander a call, where they will receive every attention and at the same time find it to their advantage, as he is sure to have exactly what they desire. WI\E A\D LUNCH ROOMS. MR. DAVID HAGERTY'S Ladies' and Gentlemen's Lunch Rooms, Corner 1th and E Streets, is a popular resort for those who desire refreshments. Mr. Hagerty makes a specialty of Mixed Drinks, and after an experience of eighteen years, he certainly should be qualified to concoct a Punch or Julep. RESTAURANT. MR. W. H. WILKENING, Proprietor of this popular resort, 837 Pennsylvania Avenue, is prepared at all times to furnish the choice selections of the season, including the finest of Wines and Liquors. •'HOLE IX THE WALL." FRANK HAGERTY. This Restaurant is presided over by the popular Fkank Basbbtt, and is located at 454 Louisiana Avenue, opposite the City Hall. The usual dis- count of fifteen per cent, allowed on coin and currency. COLLECTION OFFICE. WILLIAM H. BENNETT, Constable and Collector, 476 Louisiana Avenue. Business intrusted to Mr. Bennett will meet with prompt attention and quick returns. 1G8 PROMINENT MERCANTILE FIRMS — WASHINGTON. CLARK HOUSE. MR. LAWRENCE CLARK, For twenty-five years a resident of the District, has established him- self in the above house, Corner 7th mid L Sts., South- West, opposite the River Front. John L. Clark, formerly of 6th and C Streets, North-West, chip of the old block, presides in the office, where his friends will be sure of a hearty welcome. AMERICAN HOUSE. DUFFY & LEANNARDA. The American House, Corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Seventh Street^ is the oldest established house in Washington, and having been recently renovated and refitted, this house is prepared to offer great inducements to the public. To parties desiring to enjoy a few days in the city, this house especially commends itself, combining home comforts with a Hotel table. Being centrally located, within five minutes walk of all Railroad and Steamboat lines, convenient to the Government Departments, and Street Cars pass- ing the door in all directions. To those of their old patrons in the County who have been familiar with the House for years past it is unnecessary to speak further, and to their friends, the Messrs. Duffy & Leannarda promise careful atten- tion and a determination to please. FREDERICK, MARYLAND. "DILL HOUSE" PICKING & DEAN. This popular House has recently been refurnished and renovated throughout, while its central location, being in close proximity to the Court House and Banks, makes it a desirable resort for those whose business requires them in this direction. The Proprietors, Messrs. Picking & Dean, are gentlemen who know the requirements of guests, and are always on the alert to supply their wants. Mr. Dean is a host within himself, and from long experience is well qualified to realize the wants of the public. He is the right man in the right place. - «%4 >- k 0o A* < ,\^' <•. ^ ^ tf* 3 x. A^ 3 ^ \° o. A '% '*p •"> <^ A x > -^ ■X* 0> ,0o. ' . v\-