LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 
 
 Shelf ..6Z<^^ 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
/ 
 
 .^. 
 
 William Lloyd Garrison 
 
 nOORE. 
 
William Lloyd Garrison. 
 
 BY 
 
 ^V 
 
 T^^^^r,', N. M(^()KE. 
 
 Ai-THOR OF "Pilgrim'; asi> Pikitans." " Shaurach, 
 
 "ASTMONV BUBNS," BTC. 
 
 ^^-y^ 
 
 — »o:*;o 
 
 BOSTON : Jj^ 
 GIN'N cS: COM TAN V, PUBLISHERS. 
 1888. 
 
 Vvi^o'o^S 
 

 s 
 
 Note. — For most of the facts and quotations contained in 
 this short sketch, see " William Lloyd Garrison : The Story of 
 his Life, told by his Children " ; " Garrison and His Times," by 
 Oliver Johnson ; " The Garrison Mob," edited by Theodore 
 Lyman 3d, and the "Memorial History of Boston," Vol. HL 
 
 Copyright, 1888, by N. Moore. 
 
 Typography by J. S. Gushing & Co., Boston. 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 1805-1S79. 
 
 L 
 
 Several years ago a new bronze statue was 
 placed in tlie Commonwealth .Avenue Park, in 
 Boston. 
 
 The unveiling of the statue passed almost 
 unnoticed. There was no speech-making, no 
 ijatherinir of the crowd. 
 
 But a group of little girls, playing there later, 
 ran up to the sitting figure; and one of them, 
 climbing upon its knee, gave it a hearty kiss. 
 
 Few of our statues have been welcomed in 
 just that way. Perhaps because few of our 
 great men have done anything that a little girl 
 could understand so well as she can the fact 
 that Mr. Garrison helped to free the slaves. 
 
 He helped to free them by saying again and 
 again, in words that forced people to listen to 
 him, that slavery was wrong. 
 
4 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 A stock of real Puritan courage enabled him 
 to persist in saying this when others tried to 
 stop him. A habit of self-denial gave him 
 power to endure poverty for himself while try- 
 ing to promote the welfare of the slaves. 
 
 His courage was handed down to him, per- 
 haps, from his father's mother's father, Daniel 
 Palmer; his self-denial, however, he learned 
 during the hardy training of his penniless 
 childhood. 
 
 His mother was very poor. Lloyd was 
 taught early that he must take care of himself. 
 When quite too young for the task he was to 
 attempt, he left his home in Newburyport and 
 went as a shoemaker's apprentice to Lynn. 
 
 " There the little boy, who was only nine years 
 old, and so small that his fellow-workmen called 
 him ' not much bigger than a last,' toiled for 
 several months, until he could make a tolerable 
 shoe. He always retained a vivid recollection 
 of the heavy lapstone on which he pounded 
 many a sole until his body ached and his 
 knees were sore and tremulous ; of the threads 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRLSOX. 5 
 
 he waxed, and the sore fingers he experienced 
 from sewing shoes." 
 
 The work wafe much too hard for him : he 
 left Lynn and went back to Newburyport. 
 
 Although his youth was far from being a 
 holiday-time, we read that " Lloyd was a thor- 
 ough boy, fond of games and of all boyish 
 sports. Barefooted he trundled his hoop all 
 over Newburyport; he swam the Merrimac in 
 summer, and skated on it in winter. He was 
 good at sculling a boat ; he played at bat-and- 
 ball and snow-ball, and sometimes led the 
 South-end boys against the North-enders in the 
 numerous conflicts between the youngsters of 
 the two sections; he was expert with marbles. 
 
 " Once with a playmate he swam across the 
 river to Great Rock, a distance of three-fourths 
 of a mile, and effected his return against the 
 tide; and once, in winter, he nearlv lost his 
 life by breaking through the ice on the river, 
 and reached the shore only after a desperate 
 struggle, the ice yielding as often as he at- 
 tempted to cliinb upon its surface." 
 
O WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 He was fond of pets, and made them fond 
 of him. One night, after coming home from a 
 long stay elsewhere, " he was awakened by the 
 rubbing of soft fur against his face, and found 
 that puss [his favorite cat] had brought her 
 latest litter of kittens, born while he was away, 
 and had deposited them, one by one, about his 
 head." 
 
 For a number of years none of the kinds of 
 work tried by the boy seemed suited to him, 
 but in the year 1818 he discovered his right 
 place in a printing-office. 
 
WILLIAM LLOVD GARRISON. 7 
 
 II. 
 
 As printer's boy, Lloyd set up type for the 
 Ncwburyport Herald. When sixteen years" of 
 age he began to write for the paper, and as 
 soon as his ajjprenticeshijj was over, undertook 
 himself to edit a journal. It was called the 
 Free Press. 
 
 In the /'m- Press of June 29, 1826, he wrote, 
 "There is one theme which should be dwelt 
 upon till our whole country is free from the 
 curse: it is .Si,.\ \' i:R V ! " 
 
 M the time wluii Mr. (iarrison began to de- 
 clare his o])inion of slavery, there was a certain 
 monthly newspaper which was printed for the 
 special purpose f)f convincing people that the 
 slaves should be set free. It was a tiny sheet 
 with a very large name, — The Genius of Uni- 
 versal Emancipation ! Its Quaker editor, 
 Benjamin Lundy, saw that Garrison would 
 make a strong ally. He persuaded him to go 
 to Baltimore, where the Genius was jjublished, 
 to write for the paper's editorial columns. 
 
8 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 Then how William Lloyd Garrison did write ! 
 Lundy had said that the slaves ought gradually 
 to be freed ; Garrison declared that' their free- 
 dom ought not to be delayed for a day — for 
 an hour. 
 
 Of course this brought a storm about his head. 
 Baltimore was a orreat slave centre. Slaves 
 were constantly shipped thence to be sold in 
 the Charleston or Savannah or New Orleans 
 markets. Mr. Garrison knew that every sen- 
 tence he prepared put him in peril, but the 
 knowledge did not silence him. 
 
 When a vessel belonging to a Mr, Todd of 
 Newburyport left Baltimore for New Orleans 
 with nearly ninety slaves on board, Garri- 
 son's indignation was strong. He wrote a 
 stinging rebuke. He said that if bringing 
 slaves from Africa was piracy, carrying them 
 from one port to another was piracy as well ; 
 and that men who took part in such a trade 
 were "highway robbers and murderers." The 
 Baltimore people and the Newburyport owner 
 were incensed. Mr. Todd and the Grand 
 
WILLIAM LLmSK t.AKRISON. 9 
 
 Jury of Maryland brought suits against Mr. 
 Garrison for liljcl. 
 
 The trial went against him. lie was sen- 
 tenced to pay a fine of fifty di.llars. and nearly 
 fifty more for costs. So large a sum was not 
 to be found lying idle in the pocket of an 
 anti-slavery editor. Mi. (iarrison had not the 
 money, and was thrown into jail. 
 
 ikit even in jail there was work to be done. 
 Mr. Ciarrison writes: — 
 
 " During my late incarceratit)n in Haltimore 
 prison, four men came to obtain a runaway 
 slave. He was brought out of his cell to con- 
 front his master, but j>retended not to know 
 him. did not know that he had ever seen him 
 before, could not recollect his name. 
 
 "Of course the master was exceedingly irri- 
 tated. 
 
 "'Don't you remember,' said he, 'when I 
 gave you. not long since, thirty-nine lashes 
 under the apj)le-trec ? Another time, when I 
 gave you a sound flogging in the barn .^ .An- 
 other time, when you were scourged for giving 
 
lO WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 me the lie, by saying that the horse was in 
 good condition ? ' 
 
 " ' Yes,' repHed the slave, whose memory was 
 thus quickened, ' I do recollect. You have 
 beaten me cruelly without a cause ; you have 
 not given me enough to eat and drink ; and I 
 don't want to go back again. I wish you to 
 sell me to another master. I had rather even 
 go to Georgia than to return home.' 
 
 " ' I'll let you know, you villain,' said the 
 master, 'that 7ny wishes, and xioX. yours., are to 
 be consulted. I'll learn you how to run away 
 again.' 
 
 " The other men advised him to take the 
 black home, and cut him up in inch pieces for 
 his impudence, obstinacy, and desertion, swear- 
 ing tremendously all the while. The slave was 
 ordered back to his cell. 
 
 " I had stood speechless during this singular 
 dialogue, my blood boiling in my veins, and 
 my limbs trembling with emotion. I now 
 walked up to the gang, and addressing the 
 master as calmly as possible, said: — 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. u 
 
 " ' Sir, wliat right have you to that poor 
 creature ? ' 
 
 " He looked up into my face very innocently, 
 and replied : — 
 
 " ' My father left him to me.' 
 
 "' Suppose,' said I, 'your father had broken 
 into a bank and stolen ten thousand dollars, 
 and safely bequeathed the sum as a legacy, 
 could you conscientiously keep the money ? 
 For myself, I had rather rob any bank to an 
 indefinite amount, than kidnap a fellow-being, 
 or hold him in bondage; the crime would be 
 less injurious to society, and less sinful in the 
 sight of God.' " ^ 
 
 Many weeks went by while Garrison waited 
 in that jail, but his couraixe never flairfred. 
 
 " High walls and huge the body may confine, 
 And iron grates obstruct the prisoner's gaze, 
 And massive bolts may baffle his design, 
 
 And vigilant keepers watch his devious ways. 
 Yet scorns th' immortal mind this base control ; 
 No chains can bind it and no cell enclose. 
 
 * William Lloyd Garrison, Vol. L, p. 175, 
 
12 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 Swifter than light it flies from pole to pole, 
 And in a flash from heaven to earth it goes." 
 
 This he wrote upon the walls of his cell. 
 
 The world in general gave him little sympa- 
 thy. " Served him right " was the general 
 comment. Only a few knew better. There 
 was a poet who knew better. Mr. Whittier 
 wrote to Henry Clay, asking that Mr. Garrison 
 might be set at liberty. Mr. Whittier would 
 have been heeded, too, had not another friend, 
 Mr. Arthur Tappan, of New York, come for- 
 ward at the same time, to rescue him. Mr, 
 Tappan paid the fine, and released Mr. Garri- 
 son from his durance of forty-nine days. 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 1 3 
 
 III. 
 
 Mr. Garrison did not go on with the Balti- 
 more paper. He came to Boston, and began 
 to publish another anti-slavery newspaper called 
 the Liberator. 
 
 Hard names had been flung at him. He 
 had been called bitter, severe, harsh, uncom- 
 promising, — "that madcap, Garrison." In the 
 first number of the Liberator he wrote: " I will 
 be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising 
 as justice. ... I am in earnest; I will not 
 equivocate ; I will not excuse ; I will not re- 
 treat a single inch ; and I will be heard ! " 
 
 He was heard ; there was no closing the ears 
 to what he said; but for years men tried to 
 drown his voice with volleys of abuse. 
 
 The publishing of the Liberator raised a hue 
 and cry. 
 
 At the South, laws were made forbidding 
 the passing of the paper through the mails. 
 Garrison would have been thrown into prison 
 
I A WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 again if North Carolina, South Carolina, or 
 Georgia could have laid hands on him. 
 
 A reward of ^5,000 was offered by the State 
 of Georgia to any person who should bring 
 William Lloyd Garrison to trial within its 
 
 limits. 
 
 But Mr. Garrison was undaunted. He wrote 
 in answer to the threats that poured upon him: 
 "... Know that a hundred men stand ready 
 to fill our place as soon as it is made vacant 
 by violence. ... For every hair of our head 
 which you touch, there shall spring up an as- 
 serter of the rights of your bondsmen, and an 
 upbraider of your crimes." 
 
 Some Boston men, hearing that a dangerous 
 paper was being printed in their city, went to 
 the office of its editor, to learn what they could 
 of his dangerous ways. 
 
 They climbed to the upper story of a build- 
 ing called Merchants' Hall, opened the door of 
 a great dingy room, and glanced within. 
 
 A press stood in one corner by the ink-be- 
 spattered windows; a few composing-stands 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 1 5 
 
 were near; there was a long table on which the 
 copies of the Liberator could be folded for the 
 mail. A tall, slight young man and a wegro 
 boy — these were Garrison and his assistant — 
 were busily at work. Contrast this with any 
 of the great printing-rooms of Boston, then or 
 at the present day. 
 
 A sort of bed was upon the floor. Did the 
 editor sleep in this forlorn place "t Indeed he 
 did, and often ate there too. He and Isaac 
 Knapp, his fellow-publisher, had said that they 
 would print the Liberator as long as they could 
 do so by living on bread and water; and for 
 more than a year a bakery was their only 
 kitchen, and the oiifice their only dining-hall. 
 
 The men who saw Garrison's poverty were 
 blind to the meaniitg of his devotion. They 
 turned away, assured that nothing of moment 
 could come from that " obscure hole." 
 
 The obscure hole is famous now. To it 
 went those Vvho were to be the leaders of their 
 time. From Garrison they gained fresh insight 
 and zeal. 
 
1 6 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 Under his guidance anti-slavery meetings 
 were held, anti-slavery societies were formed. 
 What these societies worked for has long since 
 been brought to pass ; but it was an uphill pull, 
 and the city which raises a statue to William 
 Lloyd Garrison to-day mobbed him fifty years 
 ago. 
 
 Slavery had grown to be the nation's darling 
 siri. It was a problem with which the North 
 was afraid to deal. If the Southerners would 
 not listen to a word against it. Northern friends 
 were as prompt in hushing adverse speech. 
 
 Abolitionists were looked upon as fire-brands, 
 the South as an explosive ; the Union, it was 
 thought, would be shattered if the fire were not 
 stamped out. The meetings of the Abolition- 
 ists, therefore, in different parts of the country 
 were broken up, their speakers roughly han- 
 dled, their defenders put to the test of ridicule 
 and. scorn. 
 
 In October, 1835, an anti-slavery society, car- 
 ried on by some of the ladies of Boston, tried 
 to hold a meeting in the building where the 
 
WILLIAM LLUVl) tJARRLSON. 17 
 
 Lidcra/or o{{\{:c then was, — No. 46 \Vashin<r, 
 ton Street. 
 
 That sumnKT had been a turbulent one for 
 Boston. .An irritable spirit possessed the peo- 
 ple, for many of the citizens, opposed to all 
 Abolitioni.sts. were especially ani^ered by the 
 coming of George Thompson, an anti-slavery 
 orator, from Hngland. 
 
 Mr. Thonii)s()n had been asked by the ladies 
 to address their meeting, but it was afterwards 
 decided that he would better not try to do so, 
 and he left the city. 
 
 People in general did not know that he had 
 gone, and some particularly inflamed persons 
 sent out the following hand-bill: — 
 
 •• riloMl'SoN, 
 
 "THE ABOLITIONIST!!! 
 
 "That itUamous scoundrel, Thompson, will hold forth ////V 
 afternoon, at the LiUrator Office, No. 48 \Vashington Street. 
 The present is a fair opportunity for the friends of the Union 
 to snake Thompson out! It will be a contest between 
 the .Abolitionists and the frieniis of the Union. \ purse of 
 
1 8 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 $ioo has been raised by a number of patriotic citizens to 
 reward the individual who shall first lay violent hands on 
 Thompson, so that he may be brought to the tar-kettle be- 
 fore dark. Friends of the Union, be vigilant ! 
 
 "Boston, Wednesday, 13 o'' clock." 
 
 One of the men who carried the hand-bill 
 about the city says : " I left a bill at a famous 
 oil store, and it was caught up by one of the 
 firm, who read it and loudly shouted for John 
 to get him a bucket of green tar and be ready 
 to tar and feather the Abolitionist." 
 
 And an unsigned paper, sent to Mr. Garri- 
 son, informed him that certain young men were 
 prepared to go further yet. The paper ran: 
 " A barrel of tar, a corrosive liquor, and a quan- 
 tity of indelible ink was procured and in readi- 
 ness. The plan was to take you and Mr. 
 Thompson to the Common, tar and feather you, 
 and then dye your face and hands black in a 
 manner that would never chano^e from a niorht 
 negro color." 
 
 At three o'clock on that Wednesday after- 
 noon, the 2 1 St of October, the crowd beq-an to 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 1 9 
 
 fill the streets. The ladies, coming to the hall, 
 found the entrance blocked by jeering men. 
 
 About thirty of them passed in, however, and 
 took their places, followed by a number of 
 young fellows who kept up a loud hooting, 
 stamping, and whistling. 
 
 Soon a well-known figure mounted the stairs 
 and made its way into the hall. 
 
 " That's Garrison," ran the comment. Mr. 
 Garrison sat down, but rising again, came back 
 to the crowd at the lower end of the room and 
 said : " Gentlemen, perhaps you are not aware 
 that this is a meetino; for ladies and those who 
 have been invited to address them." Then, 
 with a smile, " If, gentlemen, any of you are 
 ladies in disguise, why, only apprize me of the 
 fact, give me your names, and I will introduce 
 you to the rest of your sex, and you can take 
 seats among them." 
 
 Pleasantry never comes amiss with a crowd : 
 for a while the noise was checked, but it broke 
 out afresh as new-comers packed the stairway 
 and pushed their way into the hall. 
 
20 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 The tumult became more serious. Mr. Gar- 
 rison, knowing that it was increased by his at- 
 tendance, asked the president. Miss Parker, if 
 he should go. She begged him to do so. The 
 crowd was not a crowd of idlers alone. Young 
 men of better standing had joined it, and older 
 citizens were looking on, — not taking part, 
 nor yet rebuking the rest. Ladies, while alone 
 in such a mob, might meet with nothing worse 
 than rudeness, but the presence of a man would 
 give excuse for violence. 
 
 As he could not make his way out of the 
 building, Mr. Garrison stepped into the anti- 
 slavery office, which was separated from the 
 hall by a board partition. His friend, Mr. Bur- 
 leigh, was with him. 
 
 The noise in the hall did not cease. In the 
 midst of it Miss Parker rose, and, as though 
 quite undisturbed, went through the form of 
 calling the meeting to order. She read pas- 
 sages from the Bible, as was her wont at every 
 meeting, and offered a prayer. 
 
 Her clear tones stilled the clamor nearest 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 2 1 
 
 her, but fresh outbursts came from those who 
 were beyond the reach of her voice. 
 
 A rush was made upon the door of the anti- 
 slavery office. The panel split. Mr. Garrison, 
 writing at his desk, saw flushed and angry 
 faces peering through the break. 
 
 " There he is! that's Garrison! out with the 
 scoundrel ! " he heard them cry. 
 
 " You may as well open the door," he said 
 quietly, to Mr. Burleigh. 
 
 From the street below came shouts for 
 " Thompson ! Thompson ! " The mayor had 
 come and was telling them that Thompson was 
 not in the city. He also urged them to dis- 
 perse and keep the peace. After this he en- 
 tered the building. 
 
 Going to the ladies, he told them that if they 
 would leave the hall at once, he would promise 
 them protection ; but if they lingered, he could 
 not answer for their safety. 
 
 Meanwhile a message had come to the so- 
 ciety from Mr, Francis Jackson. He invited 
 the members to continue their meeting at his 
 house. They agreed to accept his offer. 
 
2 2 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 " Two and two to Francis Jackson's, Hollis 
 Street," ran the order ; and also the whisper, 
 " Each with a colored friend ! " 
 
 Two and two they filed out of the hall, every 
 colored woman moving by the side of some 
 wdiite member whom the mob would be forced 
 to respect. 
 
 " When we emerged into the open daylight," 
 wa-ites one of these ladies, " there was a roar of 
 contempt and rage, which increased when they 
 saw that we did not intend to separate, but 
 walked in regialar procession. They slowly 
 gave way as we came out. . . . We saw the 
 faces of those we had till now thouorht friends ; 
 men whom we never before met without eivinQf 
 the hand in friendly salutation." 
 
 When they were gone, the cry broke out 
 with fury, " Garrison, Garrison ! we must have 
 Garrison ! out with him ! lynch him ! " 
 
 Then the sign outside the anti-slavery office 
 roused their ire. They were eager to tear it 
 down. 
 
 " That sign must and shall come down," 
 
WILLIAM LLOVD GARRISON. 23 
 
 said two young men to the mayor. The mayor 
 said he would have it taken in ; but without 
 waiting for this to be done by the proper per- 
 son, one of the young men rushed to the win- 
 dow, tore the sign from its fastenings and flung 
 it to the crowd. It was broken into fragments. 
 That over, the cry for " Garrison ! Garrison ! " 
 rang out again. 
 
 The mayor went into the anti-slavery office, 
 and begged Mr. Garrison to make his escape. 
 
24 
 
 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Mr. Garrison wished to appeal to the mob 
 himself, 
 
 " Oh, if they would only hear me for five 
 minutes ! " he said. 
 
 But his friends would not let him go out to 
 the crowd. They joined their entreaties to 
 those of the mayor, and Mr. Garrison yielded. 
 Finding a window at the rear of the building, 
 he swung himself out, and dropped upon a 
 shed below. From the i-oof of the shed he 
 made his way into a carpenter's shop, and 
 then tried to get out into Wilson's Lane, 
 now Devonshire Street. 
 
 The mob saw him there, and set up a shout. 
 Rushing towards the entrance, they almost 
 captured him, but the carpenter closed his 
 door in their faces, and stoutly held them off. 
 
 Again Mr. Garrison wished to put himself 
 into their hands, but ao-ain he was bes^gred to 
 avoid them, and once more obeying, hid him- 
 self in a room overhead. 
 
WILLIAM LLOVD GARRISON. 25 
 
 The carpenter's door could not resist longer. 
 A handful of men burst in, leaped up the 
 stairs, and entered the room where Mr. Garri- 
 son was concealed. 
 
 Mr. John Reid Campbell, who had kept at 
 Mr. Garrison's side, was there to confront 
 thcni. 
 
 Forcing Mr. Campbell to the window, that 
 he might be seen by the mass outside, they 
 cried, " This is not Garrison, but Garrison's 
 and Thompson's friend, and he says he knows 
 where Garrison is, and won't tell." 
 
 A moment more, and they did not need to 
 be told, for Garrison was found. 
 
 "On seeing me," says Mr. Garrison, "three 
 or four of the rioters, uttering a yell, furiously 
 draircred me to the window with the intention 
 of hurling me from that height to the ground; 
 but one of them relented and said, " Don't let 
 us kill him outright." So they drew me back, 
 and coiled a rope about my body, probably to 
 drae: me throuc^h the streets." 
 
 A ladder was placed against the side of the 
 
26 WILLIAM LLOVD GARRISON. 
 
 house. Having climbed out upon it, Mr. Garri- 
 son went down to the street below. 
 
 A dozen hands stretched up to grasp him ; his 
 hat was knocked from his head, and torn to 
 pieces by the crowd. The rope was still about 
 him. 
 
 Freeing himself from that, he found that he 
 was held by three or four powerful men, who 
 had thrust themselves in front of the rest to 
 seize him. 
 
 They kept possession of him, but he soon 
 saw that they meant him no harm. Indeed, 
 they had undertaken to defend him. 
 
 One of them afterwards said that he had at 
 first thought the affair good sport, but now 
 concluded it was going too far. So he said 
 to a friend, " Let's go to the rescue." 
 
 Surrounding Mr. Garrison, they led him 
 along at the head of the mob shouting, " He 
 shan't be hurt ! You shan't hurt him ! Don't 
 hurt him ; he is an American." 
 
 Still the mob swept on ; and " To the Com- 
 mon " was their counter-cry. 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 2/ 
 
 They neared the City Hall, which was then 
 in the Old State House. 
 
 The mayor, at that moment was seen hasten- 
 ino- toward them throudi State Street. Men 
 meeting him had said, "They are going to 
 hang him," meaning Garrison. " For God's 
 sake save him ! " He came upon the crowd at 
 the corner of Wilson's Lane. 
 
 With the small force of police at his com- 
 mand. Mayor Lyman bent all his energies 
 toward getting Mr. Garrison into the City 
 Hall. 
 
 " To the Froo: Pond ! " shouted the mob. 
 
 " Help the mayor !" cried the police, and some 
 of the bystanders rushed forward at the word. 
 
 At the south door of the City Hall the two 
 parties had a sharp struggle. The mayor was 
 victorious; by a great effort Mr. Garrison's 
 sturdy champions, who had not loosened their 
 hold, bore him in through the door, and car- 
 ried him up into the mayor's room. 
 
28 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 V. 
 
 The escape had been a narrow one, and 
 danger was not yet past. The mob grew con- 
 stantly larger. It was beyond the control of 
 the police. As the building was then both 
 Post Office and City Hall, the mayor felt anx- 
 iety for the safety of the mails as well as for 
 Mr. Garrison. It seemed to him necessary to 
 get Mr. Garrison into some place that could 
 be better guarded. 
 
 The jail was the only stronghold in the city; 
 the mayor urged Mr. Garrison to take refuge 
 there. 
 
 While the papers were being made out, — 
 papers committing Mr. Garrison to jail as a 
 disturber of the peace, since he must be ac- 
 cused of some crime in order to be put behind 
 bolts and bars, — Mr. Garrison, whose clothing 
 had been torn by the mob, dressed himself 
 anew. The young man who had been first to 
 attempt to save him, exchanged coats with 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 29 
 
 him, and other articles of clothing were sent 
 up from the Post Ofifice below. One man lent 
 a pair of pantaloons ; " another, a coat ; a third, 
 a stock ; a fourth, a cap ; etc." 
 
 But the mayor k-new that to get Mr. Garri- 
 son away, he must outwit the crowd that still 
 watched at the doors. 
 
 He decided upon a ruse. The City Hall 
 had two doors. By the mayor's orders a car- 
 riage drove rapidly down the street and stopped 
 at the southern entrance. The men who had 
 been helping him gravely ranged themselves 
 in two lines, making a passage from the build- 
 ing to the carriage door. 
 
 The crowd gathered there, waiting to fall 
 upon Mr. Garrison. 
 
 But just then another carriage drew up be- 
 fore the northern steps ; Mr. Garrison, unrec- 
 ognized at first in his different dress, came 
 down from the mayor's office, and took his seat 
 in the vehicle. 
 
 Those of the mob who had remained on this 
 side of the City Hall raised a great shout and 
 
30 WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 
 
 rushed upon the carriage, with cries of, " Cut 
 the traces ! cut the reins ! " 
 
 One drew a knife to cap the word with the 
 deed ; another flung a rope around the body 
 of the carriage to overturn it, while a score 
 clung to the wheels or flung themselves before 
 the horses' heads. 
 
 A stout umbrella kept the knife at bay, the 
 driver's whip lashed those who held the bits; 
 the horses, starting forward just as the carriage 
 was tilting over on one side, jerked the rope 
 from the rioters' hands ; a friendly chaise driv- 
 ing close to the wheels scraped off the men 
 clinging there ; and the beleaguered vehicle, 
 thus rescued, dashed off to the jail. 
 
 While it was taking a roundabout course to 
 Leverett Street, the mayor proceeded thither 
 by a shorter route, and, by running most of the 
 way, arrived in time to see ]\Ir. Garrison alight 
 and enter undisturbed. 
 
 Friends visited Mr. Garrison in the eveningr, 
 finding him wholly serene, and he writes that 
 he rested tranquilly through the night. But 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 3 1 
 
 what shame to Boston that a night's lodging 
 in a grated cell was the best hospitality she 
 could offer to William Lloyd Garrison on the 
 2ist of October, 1835 ! 
 
 On the following morning Mr. Garrison was 
 put through an examination before a judge, — 
 merely for form's sake, — and then released. 
 
 Though he left the city for a few days, he 
 was soon at his post again, writing, publishing, 
 speaking, — working in every way for the 
 cause. 
 
 Through twenty-five long years opinion slow- 
 ly changed in Boston. The mob itself gained 
 friends for Garrison. It roused to action the 
 eloquent orator Wendell Phillips. It made 
 new converts for the Abolitionists. Their num- 
 ber orraduallv increased. Boston became their 
 stronghold ; a hiding-place for many an escap- 
 ing slave. And at last the cause prevailed. 
 The Civil War, brought on by slavery, crushed 
 out the evil which for the sake of peace and 
 of the Union men had endured. In 1S63 
 the Proclamation of Emancipation freed the 
 
WTLLULM LLOYD GARRISOX. 
 
 V\~hc-ii th^ war "was over. . :. . _ 
 
 - rrrr S-iir-rer. Mr. Garrison 
 went to Cr .: ?re5:£t~t Lincoln's 
 
 invitj^ " -e ceremonv. 
 
 ^'^' - ---. :.,rie, and the two 
 
 IT. . _ _- : . _ _ , : : Tether over their lon^ 
 
 years cf eEcr -i'dv in the knowledge that 
 the d^red r— i come at lasL 
 
 The gradr^it :: rrlj freed race was 
 
 overwhelming. ThoiisaLnos of the colored peo- 
 ple wiere in Charieston, and whenever ^Ir. Gar- 
 rison passed through the streets, thev greeted 
 him with shouts and songs <^ jov. 
 
 On the day after the flag-raising thev claimed 
 him fw their own especial thanksgiving festivaL 
 Eaiiy in the rooming diey flocked to Citidt' 
 Square, where he was to speak to them. The 
 colored children formed in a long piocession, 
 and marched in oido- to the place. While 
 they waited for ^Ir. Garrison to arrive, a col- 
 oincer addressed them ; but presendy 
 
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON. 33 
 
 the crowd beo:an to shout and swav. Garrison 
 
 I 
 
 was coming 
 
 With sonors and cries and cheers they sur2:ed 
 about him ; those who reached him first lifted 
 him from the s:round and bore him on their 
 shoulders to the speaker's stand. 
 
 They knew his worth. The nation has since 
 learned to acknowledge it ; and Mr. Garrison, 
 we like to think, lived long enough to be con- 
 scious of his countr\''s sfratitude. 
 
 Certainly, he never res:retted his years of 
 effort. '• What are vou s^oinsf to do .^ "' he once 
 asked, turning to a boy of seventeen, in the 
 parlor at " Rockledge," his Roxbur}- home. 
 
 " I don't know," was the doubting answer. 
 
 With a smile which showed that he was 
 thinking of his ov.-n career, Mr. Garrison said, 
 " I can wish for a young man no better fortune 
 than to be the champion of a hated cause I " 
 
.is-""*'"