:^ '^\-:^Wk.^^m LAKE GEORGE (ILI^USTRATED., LAKE CHAMPLAIN A BOOK OF TO-DAY. Si R. 8TX3DDARD. TWENTY-FOURTH EDITION 1894. V GLENS FALLS, N. Y. .-PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, Copyright, 189 2, by S. R. Stoddard. ^ X Lake George and Lake Champlain. Adams" Landing 139 Aavert'm is inuexed. l4o AiDurgh Springs 1-iv Asfciemuiy Jr*oint 3b Au saDifc Cliasm lib Balawm Bloody l^ond 20 ±}ixoy, jJr Geo. F... lb ±$iun ir'umc 1^8, IG IrJuiwaga Bay IU4 Burimgion U^i (Jamp j^it'e b Cainy Watson 141 (Jivriilon lUi; (jedar Beach 109 Champiain's Battle,. Colcnester Point lib Crown Point Kuins. .lUb Cumberland Head.. .13b Uown the i^ake 29 -hlagieCamp JiiSbeX Fishing Forts. Cassin, tj^iigtj George Montgomery fee. J^'reaerick Ticonderoga, rums Wm ±±enry, ruins, 8 19 10 138 lU; 98 9 French Poi Glens Falls 21 Business Cards 147,151 Goruon s ijanaing.. 138 Grea o BacK Bay 140 Grog Harbor 107 Hague 70 Highgate Springs. ... 143 Howe s Liandmg 79 Huletl's Liandiug 63 Hotels (Advertise menis, indexed) 145 Albion 37 Bolton House 49 Burleigh House 8; Carpenter House 14 Central Hotel 14 Champlain, (Bluff Point) 128, 16* Champ (Maquam). . . . 143 Crosby, The 16 Cumberland House.. 134 Ft. Wm. Henry H ., 11 FoucLuet House 134 Fourteen Mile IsL. .51-B Gibbs House... 105 Grove Hotel 36 Hillside House 71 Horicon Lodge 36 Hotel Crosbyside . . 15 Huletfs Land'g H... 63 Hundred Island H..51-C Island Harbor 72 Kattskill House... 37 Kenesaw 50-b Hotels- Continued. Kenmore 171 Lake House 12 L. View H., L Geo. 41 L. View, AuSbl. C.119 Marion House. ... 39 Mohican House. 45, 158 Pearl Point 54 Phcjenix Hotel 71 Prospect Mt. H 14 Kicnards House 106 Kismg House Kockwell House... 22 Kogers Kock H... 7B Sagamore, The. .49, 159 Samson's L. V. H.. . 142 Saranac Lake H. ..165 St. Huberts Inn ... 104 silver Bay 69 Stevens House. .. 108 Trout House 71 Trout Pavilion b7 Van Ness House... lib VVelden, The iiz Westport inn. ... 105 W ills oorough,The. 109 Indian Kettles 67 Islands Maps. Lake Champlain 84 steamboat route.. 97 L. Champlain and L. Geo. in front cover. Lake Geo. Hotels. IV Ticonderoga Kums.lOO Missisquoi Park 144 Mountains. Anthonys Nose... 70 Black 57 Buck b9 As-You-Were 5' Burnt 57 Canoe 33 Crab 132 Crown 51-A Diamond 32 Dome 40 Llizabeth 3 Floating Battery.. 59 Four Brothers HO Fourteen Mile 51 Halt-way 59 Harbor 60 Hen and Chickens51-C Isle LaMott.e .139 Juniper .110 Long 33 Mother Bunch.. North Hero 139 Oahu 50-B Phantom 56 Phelps 56 Prisoner's Recluse 40 Scotch Bonnet.. South Hero 130 Tea 29 Three Sirens 59 Turtle 56 Valcour 126 Vicar's 62 Deers Leap... Liephant. ... . Hog s Back.. Prospect Kogers Rock. fepiit Kock 'L'ongue .. 63 .. 66 .. 64 .. 17 .. 76 . 107 .50-B Twin 66 Old Stone Store 14 Otter Creek 108 Outnt 3 Paradise Bay 56 Piattsuurgh Ibb Battle oi. 132 Port Henry 104 Port is.ent 113 itoads and Drives — 18 Kock Dunder Ill Koger's Slide. Kouse's Point. .137 Ladd's Landing 139 Lake Champlain 93 Valcour, Battle of Islands 137 Westport, Lake Georg Discovery 6-A Kailroads. Au Sable Chasm.... 113 Chateaugay 135-174 Del. <& Huason 173 Fitch ourgh 175 Hudson Kiver 172 Sabbath Day Point.. 66 sacrificial Stone 47 St. Albans 142 St Mary's of the Lake 31 Saratoga — Reverse of book, indexed. Shelburne Harbor... Ill South Hero 138 Split Rock 107 Steamboats 17 Chateaugay 106 Horicon 16-C Hudson River 163 Ticonderoga 16-C Vermont 97 Water Lily 105 Ticonderoga, Falls.. 81 Names 101 Fort 9S Village.^..... ...... 81 ]l05 Whitehall ^6 Williams" Mon'm'nt. 20 Business Cards 15- Willsborough Point. 109 LAKE GEORGE. /VKE GEORGE! How the heart bounds and the pulse quickens at sound of the words that bring with them thoughts of the " Holy Lake." In fancy we again breathe the air, heavy with the odor of pines and cedar, or fragrant with the breath of blossoming clover. Again we wander among the daisies and buttercups that gem the hill- side sloping so gently down to where the wavelets kiss the white beach, or floating among the verdant islands, watch the sunlight and shadow chase each other up the mountain side, while every crag and fleecy cloud is mirrored in the quiet waters below. A memory of the past comes to me as I write ; of good old days now past and gone ; of lumbering coaches where now go swiftly glancing trains ; of six horse tally-hos, now crowded out by monsters breathing fire and smoke; of sounding plank in place of shining ribs of steel. More comfortable now it is undoubtedly with its luxurious palace cars but the poetry has gone with the dear old stages, and the new things of the age have made living commonplace at last. The memory remains, how- ever, of the stage of old, with its overhanging load of pleasure seekers in brave attire, suggestive of some huge bouquet of gaily colored flowers, rocking and swaying from side to side as it bowls merrily along through the shaded streets and out across the plain, creeping up the long hill, then down into the 2 Lake George. valley on the other side, where ragged urchins pelt us with great, creamy pond lilies ; of the stop at the Half-Way House, where thirsty ones partake of cooling drinks such as Brown alone can make; of the rapidly changing views as w^ith swinging gait we cover the winding forest road; of Williams' Monu- ment and Bloody Pond ; and of the moment when the woods are left behind and the " Lake of the Blessed Sacrament " lies before us, green-walled at the sides and stretching away to where the rugged Tongue and misty Black Mountain close across the sparkling way. Rightfully and becomingly does Lake George wear the proud title " Queen of American Waters." Lying along the south-eastern margin of the great Adirondacks it combines the grandure of its widest mountain lakes with the quiet loveliness of its peace- ful valleys. The graceful foliage of Keene Valley, the rounded headlands of the queenly Raquette, the repose of stately Placid, the rugged grandeur of dark Avalanche, have each their counterpart here, all blended in one grand harmonious whole. Its water of marvelous purity has a distinctive color of its own. The Raquette River flows red, the Opalescent amber; Lake George is, in its shaded depths, a positive green. Its tributary streams are few and short — spring-born in the enwrapping hills. It is itself but a great overflowing spring in its hollow of verdure-covered rock. Its surface is 346 feet above tide and 247 feet above Lake Champlain into which, at the north, with many a wild leap and rapid race, it empties. Islands rear themselves in solitary grandeur, or are gathered in dainty clusters on its face. Of old it was said there was an island Lake George. 3 for every day in the year, and an additional myste- rious, illusive, little sprite of a one that appeared only in the years divisible by four, but the unim- aginative survey of 1880 proved that there are but 220 including every considerable rock around which the water breaks. During July and August, Lake George teems with nomadic life in all its varied forms. Vagrant communities appear and disappear as if by magic ; white tents gleam among the dark-green foliage, and lonely islands are suddenly astir with busy throngs. Its wilderness solitudes for the time resound with joyous shoutings, as of boys let loose from school ; its rocks are flecked with blue and gray ; its tree tops blush with bunting, while the very shores put on a flannelly hue, and shadowy points blossom out in duck and dimity. It is safe to say that in the course of the season a thousand people taste the pleasures and overcome the difTficulties of actual camp life at Lake George. The camp outfit should include a light axe, long- handled frying-pan, tin pail for water or coffee, tin plates, pint cups, knives and forks and fishing tackle. A stove-top laid on a fire-place of stones and mud, and supplied with one length of stove pipe will be appreciated by the cook ; spruce boughs for a bed, with rubber blanket, to guard against possible, dampness, and two or three good woolen blankets for covering, will be found very comfortable. A small bag to fill with leaves or moss for a pillow, pays for itself in one night. Flannel or woolen clothing, with roomy shoes and a soft felt hat, is ordinarily the safest dress. 4 I^aKZj CrisOKGE. Ladies, wear what you have a mind to (you will, any way), but let me respectfully suggest that it be mostly flannel, with good strong shoes under foot, and a man's felt hat over head — take the man along, too, if you want to, he will be useful to row you about, take the fish off your hook, run errands, etc. Boats and provisions may be obtained at almost any of the hotels. Bacon, salt pork, bread and butter, Boston crackers, tea, coffee, sugar, pepper and salt, with a tin box or two for containing the same are among the things needed. Milk can be obtained regularly at the farm houses, berries picked almost anywhere ; ice is a luxury which may be contracted for and thrown from the passing steam- ers daily ; a hole in the ground with a piece of bark over it forms a very good ice box ; a drinking cup of leather, to carry in the pocket, comes handy at times ; broad-brimmed straw hats are a nuisance. Whiskey is unnecessary, a damage and disgrace to the party ; if you take it habitually to prevent colds, don't come. Colds are never taken here by sleeping out under the stars, and there is little in God's pure air and sunshine in keeping with the de- grading stuff. A shanty made of boughs will answer, in absence or anything better. It sounds well when you talk about " roughing it," but is unsatisfactory in prac- tice. A tent may be made comfortable with the outlay of a little time and work. There are clubs who own fishing boxes or shanties, more or less rough in construction, some made simply of rough boards, with bunks for sleeping in, and with chairs, tables, stoves, etc. Some of them can be hired, the price being from $12 to $20 per week, including Lake George. 5 the use of a boat or two and in many cases a well filled ice house. The poorest cottage is an improve- ment on the best of tents in stormy weather. *' The lands now or hereafter constituting the forest preserve shall be forever kept as wild forest lands," says the law. The islands of Lake George, ex- cept those named on the following page, are a part of the forest preserve in charge of the State Forest Commission, under the general supervision of Col. Wm. F. Fox, Supt. of Forests, and locally of W. H. Tippetts, of Assembly Point, special agent in charge, to whom application may be made for information or in relation to leasing for a term of years. A number of these islands are occupied by responsible parties who have expended considerable money in beautifying and making them comfortable for sum- mer occupancy, others are subject to lease for a term of five years at from $50 to $150 per year. Is- lands not leased to individuals may be occupied by camping parties at will so long as the laws govern- ing public lands are observed. It is not the wish of the Commission to lease all the public lands, but to reserve portions for the use of campers. The For- est Commission has the same power to bring action for trespass and to recover damages for injury, or to prevent injury to the preserve which any owner of lands would be entitled to bring, and officers acting under the superintendent of forests, or of the Forest Commission, may, without warrant, arrest any per- son found violating any provisions of the act creat- ing the commission. The fire wardens have power to call upon any person in the territory in which they act for assistance in suppressing fires. Any person who shall willfully or negligent- ^ Lake George. ly set fire to any forest lands belonging to the State, shall be liable to a fine of not less than fifty or more than five hundred dollars, or to imprisonment of not less than thirty days nor more than six months. The islands of Lake George belong to the State and under existing laws, cannot be purchased, ex- cept the following: Tea, Diamond, Canoe, long, Ehzabeth, Three Brothers, Dome, Recluse, Belvoir, Hiawatha, Leontlne, Green, Crown, Fourteen Mile, Flora, Turtle and Harbor Islands. Good fishing can be had at Lake George in its proper season by one possessed of a proper knowl- edge of the best ground. This knowledge is pur- chasable and can be had by the employment of competent fishermen, who furnish boat and bait also, at about $3 per day. The game fish are the lake trout and black bass. The trout are usually taken by deep trolling early in the season and with live bait in deep water, later. Black bass are caught by trolling or still fishing over rocky ground. Rock bass and perch abound on certain well-known ledges while the plebian "bull-head" flourishes on the softer bottom. This last fish, although not con. sidered good in many waters is here firm of flesh and palatable. Brook trout fishing makes a fair re- turn for labor expended, the yield in the various streams emptying into the lake being in ratio to the whipping they get. Here the various " flies " that are comparatively valueless for lake fishing may be used to advantagre. Hunting is little considered here although the woods yield a fair share of birds and small game and deer are not uncommon in the mountains along the narrows. Lake George. 6-a The existence of Lake George was first made known to Europeans in 1609, through the writings of Samuel de Champlain. It was known to the Indians as Andia-to-roc-te (place where the lake contracts). Champlain went no further south than the falls at Ticonderoga. In the month of August, 1642, a war party of Iroquois, returning from Canada to their homes in the Mohawk Valley, passed through Lake George with three prisoners, tortured, maimed and bleeding. They were a French Jesuit, Father Jogues, Rene Goupil and Guillame Couture, the first white men known to have seen the ** Lake of the Blessed Sacra- ment." Again, on the 29th of May, 1646, Father Jogues, with Sieur Bourden, engineer in chief on the gover- nor's staff, and six friendly Indians arrived at the outlet on the eve of the festival of Corpus Christi, and in commemoration of the day they named it the" Lakeof the Blessed Sacrament." Foroverahun- dred years it bore its beautiful name of Lac Du St. Sacrament, then, in 1755, General Johnson en- camped at its head and called it Lake George, in honor of George the Second, and then reigning king of Great Britain. ''Horican'' the " Silvery Water," was simply a fan- cy of Cooper's. He says : '' It occurred to me that the French name of this lake was too complicated, the American too common-place, and the Indian too unpronounceable for either to be used familiarly in a work of fiction,""^ so he called it " Horican." The name has been generall)^ accepted as historical * " The last of the Mohicans." Introduction to edition of 185;^ New York George P. Putnam. o-b Father Jogues. and advanced by admirers as one more indication of the poetic temperament and appreciation of the beautiful fitness of things possessed by the noble red man. It is not explained, however, why, in these later days, Cooper's creation is accepted as the name^ while his spelling is ignored. Isaac Jogues, who first saw, and seeing, wrote of Lake George, was born at Orleans, Jan. lo, 1607; entered the Jesuit Society at Rouen, 1624, and three years later removed to the college of La Fl^tche. He completed his divinity studies at Cler- mont College, Paris, and was ordained Priest in February, 1636. In the spring of that year he embarked as a missionary for Canada, arriving early in July, and soon proceeded to his far-away station on the Otawa river in the land of the Hurons. On his return from Quebec where he came for sup- plies in 1642, he was captured with his party and carried through Lake George to the Mohawk, suffer- ing torture at that and various other times. The following year, in July, he made his escape by aid of the Dutch at Ft Orange, who sent him to France, where he arrived about Christmas, and was received with great honor and reverence. In 1644 he re- turned to Canada, and in 1 646 returned by the old route to his former masters, the Mohawks, a missionary from his superior, and an ambassador for the French nation, to ratify a treaty with the savages. Once more he returned to Canada, and once more passed over the holy lake to his ** Mission of the Martyrs," where on his arival he was met by torture and paid the penalty of his zeal with his pure de- vot:l ::lf :~3rificing life. Lake George. 5_^ In 1609, Hendrick Hudson ascended the North river to its junction with the Mohawk, and the same year Champlain sailed as far south as Ticonderoga, on the lake which now bears his name. At that time the Algonquins occupied the land north of the St. Lawrence, and the Five Nations (a powerful con- federacy, consisting of the Mohawks^ Oneidas, Onon- dagas^ Cayiigas^ and Seitecas), were gathered in the valley of the Mohawk. The tribes of the north and south were continually at war with each other. The land, between the St. Lawrence and the Mo hawk was debatable ground, and the country along the shores of St. Sacrament and Champlain was a solitude, for the lakes, stretching north and south, formed a pathway through the wilderness, over which savage nations were constantly going to war against each other. This had driven all who were inclined to occupy the land beyond the mountains; and presumably this is why it received its Indian name, signifying " the lake that is the gate of the country." The English secured th 'r right to the country claimed by the Five Nations by virtue of a treaty with that people ; the French claimed it by right of Champlain's discovery. Both nations aimed to keep the friendship of the Indian tribes, in which the French met with the greater success. They were constantly extending their lines, and sending over zealous missionaries and enterprising traders, who carried glass beads, fire-water, and the bread of hfe to the red man, and created a great revival of religion among them, in consequence of which a good many English scalps were taken. In 1731 the French advanced to Crown Point 0.d Historical— 1731-1755. and built a foit, which they called " St. Frederick." The slow English remonstrated, but took no active measures to resist the advance on what they claimed as their territory. The Indians that gath- ered around the French fort were a constant men- ace to the exposed home of the English settlers of the upper Hudson, and often was the story told of a sudden descent on some unprotected poi;it, a rifle shot, a gleaming knife or bloody tomahawk, and a retreat by the light of a burning building. In the words of the French concerning their Indian allies, they occasionally "struck a blow and returned with some scalps." In time the English realized that something more effective than protests would be needed to resist the encroachment of the French, and in 1755 Gen- eral, afterward Sir William, Johnson was dispatched to take charge of the little affair. He arrived at the head of Lac du St. Sacrament August 28th, and at once renamed the lake, calling it Lake George, in honor of the then reigning King of Great Britain. Not content with this hydraulic vic- tory he issued a proclamation, in w^hich he said : *'I propose to go down this lake with a part of the army, and take post at the end of it, at a pass called 'Ticonderogue,' there to await the coming up of the rest of the army, and then attack Crown Point." While General Johnson was waiting to note the effect of his proclamation, the Baron Dies- kau, with 1,400 men, 600 of whom were Indians, ad- vanced, September 8th, to attack Fort Lyman, now Fort Edward. When within four miles of the fort, the Indians refused to proceed further, it is thought from their known fear of cannon. Dieskau then Lake George. ^ turned the head of his little army toward Lake George, and had reached the place where Williams' monument now stands, when news was brought that the English were advancing toward them. Form- ing an ambush in shape of a hollow square, open to- ward the north ; the points extending on each side of the road, the French awaited the coming of the enemy, which soon appeared — i,ooo English and 200 Indians — under Col. Ephraim Williams and old King Hendrick. It happened that among Dieskau's Indians were some of the great league of the Iroquois, who, seeing that the English were ac- companied by a party of their sworn friends, fired guns in the air as a warning, and, by this act, turned what might have been the annihilation of the de- tachment into simply a bad defeat. The French opened fire, at once. Colonel Williams and King Hendrick fell, and their followers retreated, followed by the French. The noise of the engagement was heard at Lake George, and a force of 300 was dis- patched to the assistance of the English, while breastworks of fallen trees were thrown up with all haste in front of the camp. Soon came the English in confusion, closely pursued by the French. The guns of the English could not be brought to bear, without injuring friend and foe alike, and it ap- peared to be Dieskau's object to keep thus close on the heels of the retreating English,^ a,nd enter the fortified camp with themj:7butva6, with joyful shouts, the survivors tun^bled over tl^e logs among their friends, they, wit^ woiicifr, beheld the French halt while the Indian allies skulked in the swamps. The pause was for a few minutes only, but it af- forded the English time to perfect their plans of de- Historical-- I755-I757- fense, and, when the French did finally advance, they were received by a well-worked battery against which they could not prevail. The attack was spirited, and the defense stubborn. The engage- ment began a little before noon, and lasted until about four o'clock, when the enemy retreated, and the English took their turn at pursuit. Dieskau was wounded and taken prisoner, dying afterward, it is said, from the effect of his wounds. Johnson was also wounded early in the day, and the com- mand devolved on General Lyman, who behaved with unexceptionable bravery throughout the en- tire engagement. The French loss, killed and wounded, was nearly 400 men ; the English about 300. Johnson, having earned glory enough, spent the remainder of the season in building Fort William Henry. In March, 1757, Vaudreuil, with 1,500 French and Indians, came over the ice to attack Fort Wil- liam Henry. The attack was made at two o'clock on the morning of the 19th, but the garrison was apprised of the enemy's approach and repulsed him successfully. He succeeded, however, in burning a number of sloops and batteaux, that were frozen in the ice, in front of the fort. Early in August, following Vaudreuil's unsuccess- ful attack, the Marquis de Montcalm, with nearly 8,000 French and Indians, advanced on Fort Wil- liam Henry. Colonel Monro was then in command of the fort. He withstood the siege for six days in hopes of relief from General Webb ; but, receiving none, sent a messenger to Montcalm stating the terms on which he would surrender. The terms were substantially that the Eng^lish should be Lake George. allowed to march out with the honors of war, car- rying arms and baggage. They were agreed to, and at noon the next day the Enghsh marched over to the entrenched camp, there to remain until the following morning, leaving the sick and wounded under the protection of the French gen- eral. But, even while they were passing out, the Indians swarmed in through the embrasures, at- tacking the sick and helpless. The horrible scenes that followed are thus described by Father Robaud in his " Relations : " ''I saw one of these bar- barians come forth out of the casements, which nothing but the most insatiate avidity for blood could induce him to enter, for the infected atmos- phere which exhaled from it was insupportable, car- 6-h Historical — 1757. rying in his hand a human head, from which streams of blood were flowing, and which he pa- raded as the most valuable prize he had been able to seize." In the morning, when the English marched out of the entrenched camp, and, protected by three hundred French, the insufficiency of their escort be- came apparent. The savages swarmed in the woods on every side, and hung like a dark storm- cloud along their path. Low, ominous muttering, like distant thunder, came from the surging crowd, rising higher and higher, until, with fierce yells, they fell on the panic-stricken English, and struck them down in the face of their helpless guard. Soon all semblance of order ceased, the march changing into a selfish race for life. The butchery, which at first was the work of a few, became gen- eral ; the savages murdered helpless women and children, and tore men from the ranks, and, like wild beasts, fought among themselves for the sick- ening prize of a human scalp. It is difficult to exonerate Montcalm from all blame, for he knew the nature of the savages, and their treatment of the sick and wounded in the old fort the day before, and still, with 6,000 French at command, sent only 300 to protect a long line of men, women, and children from wild beasts, thirst- ing for their blood. The number that perished is unknown, but has been estimated by some as high as 1,500. Their object accomplished, the French returned north, leaving the fort a heap of smouldering ruins, and the bones of the English bleaching in the sun. Another act in the great drama of the Lake. A Lake George. year has passed away, and the curtain rises on a scene of wondrous beauty. Tiie same old moun- tains slope down, amphitheater-like, around the lake ; the mists of midsummer hang over the land ; martial music fills the air. The sound of bugles and of highland pipes echo from the mountain side, and a thousand boats, bearing 15,000 men, in all the varied colors of royal court, of clan and forest, with banners waving, and hearts beating high with hope, move away down the glassy lake.. Thus, on the morning of July 5th, 1758, Aber- crombie embarked and sailed to the attack of Fort Ticonderoga. On the following day, at Trout-Brook, Lord Howe fell, and the evening of the 9th saw the inglorious return of the defeated army. The following year Amherst passed the same way, capturing Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and driving the French into Canada. Fort William Henry is described as square, built of pine logs covered with sand, flanked by bastions at the four comers, and surrounded by a deep ditch, riie ruins are in the sandy, tree-covered bluff west of the railroad depot, between it and the Fort Wil- liam Henry Hotel. The outline is still preserved, showing the form of the old fort, nearly square, flanked on the west, south, and a part of the east side, by a ditch, and on the north by the lake. The *' Old Fort Well " still remains near the east side, partially filled with stones and rubbish. Just where the fence which now incloses the grounds on the east would run, if continued out into the lake, deep under water, is the old Fort dock. Beyond the dock a little way, may be seen, on a still day, the Fort George. :harred remains of an old hulk, with blackened ribs and keel half hidden in the sand, supposed to have been one of the number sunk by Vaudreuil in Feb- ruary, 1757. Shell and cannon balls have been taken from it at different times, and in 1820 two small cannon were removed from the. wreck. Fort George is a half-mile east of old Fort Wil- liam Henry, back on the low bluff, around which the railroad swings as it turns away from the lake. It was built in 1759, by General Amherst, the por- tion completed being but a bastion of what was then designed for an extensive fortification. It was oc- cupied as a military post while the necessity for one lasted. Commanded (!) in 1775 by Capt. John Nordberg, '* in a little cottage as a Hermit where I was very happy for six months ; " taken possession 9f by CoL Bernard Romans, May 12 (two days after the capture of Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen), and held by the Americans until the close of the Revo lution. It is now but a great heap of earth, sloping off from the edge to toward the centre and north held in place by the walls, which are quite well pre- served on the east side. The greater portion of the stonework has been removed, and burned into Hme. On the table land, a little to the southwest of the fort, was the old entrenched camp, the scene of Dieskau'c; defeat by General Johnson in 1755. Lake George. ii The Hotels and Boarding Houses are varied and ordinarily sufficient for all occasions ; the prices ranging from $i.oo to $5.00 per day, according to circumstances. Fort William Henry Hotel, William Noble, owner and proprietor. Macdonald Company, man- agers. Post Office, Lake George, Capacity 600. Rates $3.00 and upwards per day ; $15.00 to $25.00 and upwards per week. The original Fort William Henry Hotel was built in the year 1854-5 by a stock company, and opened for guests in June of the last named year, with Daniel Gale as manager. The original structure had a front of 200 feet with a wing extending back- ward from its centre 130 feet, and was four stories high with basement. In 1855 and the spring of 1856 the front was extended towards the east mak- ing it as it now stands with a total frontage of 334 feet. In 1868 it was purchased by T. Roessle & Son for $125,000 and remodeled at a cost of about $200,000, making the building seven stories high. On February, 1891, Mr. William Noble of New York city purchased the property. The space between the house and depot is rich in history and tradition, and was once the centre of vast military operations which brought together a host four times greater than could now find quarters in all the hotels and cottages along Lake George's teem- ing shores. Now, winding paths lead to the water and stately pines grow on the ramparts and in the trenches, where, of old, men watched for the savage foe or made merry around the barrack fire. Lake George. 13 The Lake House is on the west shore between the lake and the main street of the little village of Caldwell ; Walter M. Peck, proprietor, L. T. Finch, manager. Accommodations are offered here in hotel and cottages for 300 guests. Rates will be given on application, depending on location of rooms. A free bus to trains. Excursion and line steamers all land at the hotel dock. This is one of the oldest houses of Lake George and is firmly established in the hearts of many who are as regular in their appearance as the seasons The office is attractive with tasteful decorations and a paneled ceiling of native woods, while an ample fireplace, ornate in terra cotta, gives promise of a cheery comfort of a chilly evening in early spring or late summer when a fire may be a welcome addition, A newcomer is generally impressed with the idea that he has unexpectedly dropped in while a recep- tion is in progress, as it is a favorite gathering place for the lady guests of the house. Within the office is a telegraph office and a desk with pictures, books and periodicals. The piazzas, back and front, give choice of position for different hours of the day, or kinds of weather. Along the front extends a double line of thick-leaved maples, under and through which is displayed a charmingly restful view of vil- lage and mountain. On the east a shaded lawn slopes down to the water's edge. On the grounds are four comfortable cottages, two of which, stand- ing at the lake shore, with balconies that almost overhang the waters, are fine specimens of cottage architecture. Under the new management the Lake House has been thoroughly renovated ; parts have been made over new and newly furnished, and the most per- 14 Lake George. feet system of sanitary plumbing known introduced throughout. The table under the new system gives promise of a daintiness not common even at this house, which has been specially noted for years as one of the best at the lake, and the serving of lunch at noon and dinner at the close of the day is also an innovation which, while slow in coming, will undoubt- edly please old guests and new alike. Good music, furnished by Hartell's orchestra, will lend its charm, and is made much of here. The pavilion on the steamboat dock affords a pleasant lounging place of a sultry day, while the tennis court and ball ground offer opportunity of exercise to the more energetic of the hotel guests. The clientage of the Lake House is of the best. y».'«.,<^ - T^-. 3 4 567 CALDWELL FROM THE NORTHEAST. I Rattlesnake Cobble ; 2 Prospect Mountain House ; 3 Fort William Henry Hotel ; 4 R. C. Church ; 5 Lake House ; 6 Court House and Jail ; 7 Central House. The Central Hotel is just north of the Lake House on the opposite side of Main St. Capacity about 75. Rates $2 per day ; $8 to $14 per week, with special rates for the season. Open from June I to December. An omnibus free to guests of the house runs to all trains and boats. The *' Central " is substantial, comfortable and convenient. It is now under the management of Edwin J. Worden, for a number of years connected with the Lake George. 15 Lake House in various responsible positions. Mr. Worden unites youthful energy with ex- perience, and indicates by the thorough manner in which improvements have been made and the general *' ship shape " appearance in and about the place, that he knows, what constitutes a thoroughly good house. The Arlington Hotel adjoins the '' Central " on the south. Capacity about 60. Rates $2 per day; $8 to $14 per week. Eugene A. Denton, manager. A free 'bus runs to all trains. This house is open the year round and is popular with commercial travellers who p r ov erb i ally know a g o o d hotel on sight. It is compara- tively a new house and con- tains many of the modern c o n V eniences, including steam heat. The manager of the Arlington is also new in this position, but evidencesgood ability and promise of a successful future. The Carpenter House is farther south on . Main St. Capacity about 70. J. H. Carpenter pro- prietor. A free 'bus runs to all trains. Rates $2 per day ; $7 to $10 per week. The Old Stone Store is a venerable landmark, now modernized and doing duty as a place of curios ; of fancy trinkets ; of books and pictures ; of bonbons and of drugs and medicines, with phar- maciest A. Ziebach as proprietor. ^^M T\Kf ^iof{fjr ^Mt x^G > (CALDWELL) Sw\ cENmrra N S^ ^^H ^/^^P^l M l6-A Lake George. Private Boarding Houses are here, some of which might, with propriety be termed hotels. Mrs. J. Quinlan has a large house with accommoda- tions for about 25, situated on Main street, south of the Lake House. Rates $8.00 to $10 per week. DISTANCES I K MILES From CALDWELL l^^-" ROCHESTER 25- »^tCH5ilCV FALLS 344' .0^^ ^T^. ■228 fO)- cC^ K^"^ Washington 447c BALTIMORE 404 ^^ "The Crosby" is on Montcalm street, which leads up from the lake toward the base of Prospect Mountain. Pleasant accommodations for 20 may be found here at from $8.00 to $12.50 per week. That the fare will be sweet and wholesome, those who have known Crosbyside in its palmiest days may readily believe, for the same F. G. Crosby is proprietor here, and, though unfortunate, is the Grand Old Man still, and as deserving of honor in his heroic struggle as he who of old was succored by the good Samaritan. The house on the rising street near the edge of the forest is very attractive and the greatest trouble I anticipate will be that it will be too small for the demand. Lake George. i6-b Hotel Crosbyside is on the east shore of the lake, ^ of a mile in an air line from the railroad dock. (See map.) Capacity of house and cottages about 200. Rates $3 per day; $14 to $17.50 per week. Open from June to October. E. L. Seelye, lessee and proprietor. A free omnibus runs to all trains, and all steamers touch at the dock to land or take up passengers. Its grounds are delightfully shaded with noble trees, affording protection yet giving a full view of the broad lake at the north and west. The Lake George Camp Association has ac- quired territory on the east side south of Crosby- side and have erected and are erecting buildings for the accommodation of members. It is to be man- aged by prominent spiritualists of the country, and during the summer will have spiritualistic meetings with platform test mediums, materializing seances and other occult phenomena. Henry J. Newton of New York is president of the association. A large central hotel is proposed to furnish accommodations for upwards of 200 guests. Steamboats. — The first steamboat on Lake George was the '' James Caldwell," put on about the year 18 16 to 1820. She had a brick smoke stack and could go the entire length of the lake in one day ! The second was the '* Mountaineer," built about 1824. The third was the '' William Caldwell," built in 1838. The fourth the ** John Jay," coming on in 1850 and running until 1856 when she was burnt near Hague while on her regular trip. In 1857 the " Minne-ha-ha " began and ran until the ** Horicon," built in 1876, took her place. i6-c Lake George. The steamboat service is thorough, convenient and satisfactory to the public generally. The I* line " boats belong to the Lake Champlain Trans- portation Company, Capt. George Rushlow, Gen- eral Manager, with office at Burlington, Vt. The boats on Lake George and Lake Champlain (con- nected by train between the two) form a continuous day line through the two lakes. The Horicon (side-wheel steamer), was built at the old landing near the outlet in in 1876, re-built at Baldwin in 1890. It is of fine model, graceful pose, and can run 20 miles an hour under favorable con- ditions. The length of keel is 196 feet (203 over all), 85-10 feet hold, and 307-10 beam (about 52 feet wide over all). It is of 643 tons burden, and privileged to carry 1,000 passengers. Three state- rooms are provided for guests or passengers, and arrangements are made for dining such as desire it. The saloon is 108 feet long, occupying the entire breadth of the boat between the wheel-houses. Captain E. S. Harris, (whose life-long service on the lake makes him authority on matters historical and otherwise, which he gives freely and interestingly to his passengers), is commander. The Horicon leaves Caldwell at about 9:30 A. M., on arrival of the train from the Hudson River night boats and touching at the various landings reaches Baldwin about noon, where passengers are transferred by rail to the Champlain boat at Fort Ticonderoga. In the afternoon the Horicon returns from Baldwin connecting at Caldwell with train south to the night boats at Troy and and Albany. The Horicon also makes the round trip to Baldwin on Sundays. Lake George. 17 The Ticonderoga (side-wheel steamer), was built at the company's ship yard near the outlet, and launched August 23, 1883. Its dimensions are 172 feet in length over all, 28 feet beam and 9 feet hold. The greatest width at guards is 46 feet, ordinary draft when loaded 4^ feet. Its interior finish is of native woods and its general arrangement like that of the Horicon Captain F. G. White, commander. The Ticonderoga leaves Baldwin at 7:30 in the morning, touches at the principal landings and reaches Caldwell to connect with midday trains for the south. On arrival of trains from the south at about 4:30 P. M., the Ticonderoga returns to Bald- win, touching when required along the way. Fare either boat, $1.50. Tickets are good for passage through the lake and return the same day without addition to the price. '*The Mohican," Capt. Everett Harrison, is 93 feet long, 17 feet beam outside the guards; is equip- ped with a 200-horse-power engine and will carry 200 passengers. The hull is of oak, the upper work of southern pine finished to show the natural wood. Her trip is to Paradise Bay, morning and afternoon weekdays, touching at all landings on signal. Fare 75 cents for the round trip. Satur- days the Mohican leaves Ft. Wm. Henry dock on ar- rival of evening train from the south and runs to Pearl Point, returning Monday morning in time for the early train south. The boat is staunch, graceful and fast, the captain an ideal commander, affable and obliging. The boat is subject to charter when not running on regular trips. Small steamers may be chartered at from $15 to $25 per day. 1 8 Lake George. Roads and Drives. — Not alone is Lake George to be enjoyed from the water. Its drives are many and delightful. Livery rigs, luxurious, stylish, and sensible, can be had here at Lake George, at reason- able prices, considering the stock which has to be carried through to accomodate the limited season. The finest are to be found at the stables of H. R. Levens & Co., at the Fort William Henry Hotel, and may be called by telephone from any house about the head of the lake. The most picturesque road, and one in which the lake is the ever-present and ever-varying feature, is along the west shore to Bolton, which may be con- tinued up past north-west bay and indefinitely among the mountains beyond. The undesirable feature is its sand, which makes the wheeling heavy a portion of the way, but not to such an extent as to be an unsurmountable objection. Lateral roads lead from this up the western hills and offer a variety of interesting if somewhat laborious ways. The drive along the beach and down the east shore is an interesting one for thcje who enjoy woods and partially cultivated country. It passes by the ruins of Fort George Hotel, Crosbyside and a num- ber of very pretty summer cottages and the Con- vent of the Paulist Fathers, " St. Mary's of the Lake " rising finally to the cleared space around the north side of French Mountain to overlook a great expanse of the lake. A branch road may be fol- lowed along shore to Lake George Park, on Dunman's Bay, notable as the summer place of Edward Eggleston. The drive on the plank road to Warrensburgh, six miles north, where the Schroon River Is crossed, is Lake George. 19 delightful, because of its shade. The ascent is gradual, rising through a picturesque notch between the mountains by the side of a babbling brook. The road bed is excellent for driving and usually as smooth and hard as an iron-like sand, quarried along the road, can make it. The road to Prospect Mountain and the Mount Ferguson House on one of its summits seen promi- nently at the west, yields an interesting wood and field excursion and a grand prospect when the top is reached. There are two passable ways of reaching it, by the " old road," which is generally preferred, going by the way of the Warrenburgh road to the first toll-gate, thence west around the mountain, ap- proaching the summit point finally from the south- west, by which the ascent is gradual, or by the "new road," which leads past the old Indian encampment and by a steep but shorter way arrives at the sum- mit from the south. From the observatory here fully one-half of the lake can be seen, and the main peaks of the Adirondacks easily distinguishable by one who knows them by their outlies. ' The most interesting drive, all things considered, of any at Lake George is the plank road south through French Mountain Pass, over the historic " Dark and Bloody Ground" to Glens Falls. Fort Gage stood on the hill that rises west of the road about one mile south and just beyond where the road from Fort George joins the plank road. The lines of earthworks may still be traced through the pines that now cover them. The slope 20 Lake George. was cleared of all timber down to the water's edge at the time of Abercrombie's advance in 1758. Bloody Pond is a mile farther, at the left of the road and between it and the railroad. It is simply a stagnant pool that in the early part of the season is nearly covered with lily-pads and great white pond- liHes, and in the summer becomes almost dry. It is said that a party of the French (after driving the English into their fortified camp at Lake George, and being driven back in turn),were seated around the pond at sunset, was partaking of their evening meal, when they were surprised by a party of English ad- vancing from Fort Edward, who poured in upon them a destructive fire. Totally routed, they fled in confusion, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The dead were thrown into the pond by the English,their blood turning the water red,from which circumstance it received its name. Williams' Monument is about three milessouth of the lake, and west of the plank road. It is a plain mar- ble shaft, blue and white, standing on a huge bowlder, which is itself inclosed within an iron fence. It was erected in 1854 by the graduates of Williams' College, in memory of the founder of that institu- tion. On it are inscriptions ^""^^^^1^^^^^ ii"! Latin, to s'low tlic Larniii;; of those who erected it, ;;:i(i in English, telling what it. is all about. From it \vc learn that it was '' Erected to the 7/iJ7/iorj o/COhOJsEL Ephratm Williams, a native of Nezvtown, Mass. 22 Lake George. The American Hotel, Monument Square, is sub- stantial and well ordered and enjoys a reputation for excellent fare and accommodations equaled by very few of the high priced houses of the country. Free 'bus to all trains. Rates, $2.00 per day. Pardo & Pardo, proprietors. The Van Cott, a comfortable house, is on South St. Charles Allen, proprietor. Rates, $2 per day. Free 'bus to all trains. The Granger house is near the fair ground. Rates, $1.00 per day. Specially noted for its jolly proprietor, the one, GLENS FALLS INSURANCE BUILDING. only and original " Marcus." There are other hotels with a well established clientage and reason- able rates. Lake George. 23 The Glens Falls Insurance Company, located here, has through its agencies made the name of its birth- place familiar from Maine to Mexico. Organized in 1849, it has attained ^^ national prominence and a reputation as one of the soundest institutions of the kind in existence. As a fact, many a Lake George tourist knows more about this company and its officers than about the beautiful village after which it was named. Its new building just com- pleted on Monument Square is substantial, con- venient and becoming as the headquarters of a pros- perous institution that never failed in its obligations and never made a mistake. Such is its reputation and record. The officers of the company are J. L Cunningham, president ; R. A. Little, secretary. Joseph Fowler & Co. give employment to a large number of operatives. The factory on Glen St.* between Monument and Fountain Squares, is a very bee-hive of industry, well worth inspecting. Here are made all kinds of white shirts with collars and cuffs almost beyond number. The firm enjoys a reputation among dealers for producing high grade products with a superior finish, the pure, soft moun- tain water with which it is supplied making perfect laundrying a possibility. Van Wagner & Norris, in Opera House Block, make a specialty of fine custom work. Fine flannel and silk goods, negligee shirts and the countless necessaries of the. well-dressed man, fully equipped for his summer outing can be had here. The firm is reliable, the work staunch and serviceable. 24 Lake George. The " Canopy-top Buckboard," manufactured here, is celebrated from Maine to Mexico. The " Time Globe," invented by L. P. Juvet, of this town, is known of scientific men in two hemispheres. The Glens Falls Terra-Cotta and Brick Co., a mile north of the village, employ upward of 75 men in the manufacture of red and buff pressed and molded brick and architectural terra-cotta for exterior and interior ornamentation. They own extensive beds of clay lying near. J. M. Coolidge is president of the company, and Charles Scales superintendent. Come with me down the Big Hill to the falls. You can see the mists that hang over the gulf and hear the sound of its waters. Noisy mills now com- pass it about, and the rythmic sob of many saws mingle with its dull roar that never ends, A grace- ful new bridge erected by the Berlin Bridge Com- pany, reaches out to the island from the north shore, while a stone arch spans the gulf at the south. At the south end of the long bridge, steps lead down to the flat rock, and near the lower end where it is notched and broken out, you may climb down to the level of the water, and enter the cave made memor- able by Cooper in his " Last of the Mohicans." In the dry season the volume of water is confined within the channels worn deep on either side, or finds its way in rivulets down across the pitted but- tresses of black rock. Here the ledges, which in the spring freshets are covered with a foaming torrent,are worn smooth almost as polished marble. Natural stairways lead in places to the top, and at intervals, holes in the rock, round and deep, are filled with water, with, possibly, at the bottom a remnant of the Lake George. 25 stone that under the action of the waters has worn itself away iin vain turnings about in its deepening prison. Oa?. of these holes called the *' Devil's Punch Bowl," is about six feet in diameter and the same in depth. On either' '^ide are saw mills that have contributed to the town's pros- perity, full of life and action at times, at others — and that too often — stilled by sum' mer's drought or spring-time flood. On all sides are lumber piles. They line the, banks of the river away above. They wall in the canal along up to where, at the ''Feeder Dam," are more saw mills and more lumber piles It is estimated that the sawing capacity of these mills is 600,000 standard logs per annum. This means 120,000,000 feet of lumber, or 30,636^^ miles of boards eight inches wide. If laid end to end they would extend around the eartii with a long lap to Sparc, and in seven years lay a good plank walk 26 Lake George. to the moon, with no end of lath and slab*^' to throw at erratic asteroids or troublesome comets. The lime business is next in importance to lumber. In quantity manufactured it is equalled in the United States only by Rockland, Me., and in pc^int of quality stands at the head. The best rock- yields, when calcined, from ninety-five to ninety- eight per cent, of the purest and whirest lime to be found on the continent. It is used extensively by tanners, bleachers of cotton goods and manufactur- ers of paper, wire, gas, glass, etc. The lime rock is embraced in an area of not more than 250 acres, be- ginning at the head of the falls, and extending in a narrow belt on either side for perhaps near a mile down the river, the strata dipping slightly toward the south, and disappearing under the hill along that si^e. For a depth of about thirty feet it lies in thin strata, then comes a stratum of grey marble, from two to three feet in thickness, and under this the solid black marble, twelve feet thick. This is almost a pure carbonate of lime ; In its nativ estate of a bluish grey ; calcined. It Is whiter than snow. The tunnel on the south side from which the rock has been recently taken extends a considerable distance Into the hill — a vast room with rock-roof, supported by many massive columns, and well worth a visit. Lime was first burned here about the year 1820, by Powell Shaw, then simply for home con- sumption. It was first manufactured and shipped to an outside market (Troy) by K. P. ^ Cool, In 1832. Lime Kilns — clouds by day and pillars of fire at night, are below the falls. They are of the patent or ** perpetual" kind, with a burning capacity Lake George. 27 of 100 barrels each per day Two sets of hands are required to attend to them, the fires running night and day. There are thirty of these lime-kihis. They are well worth visiting. T. S. CooHdge is the general agent. Sub-agents are appointed in the various cities. About 500 men are employed in this industry. The average pro- duction for the past twenty years has been 450,000 barrels per annum, of which 200,000 are shipped annually to New York. The black marble (which is the purest carbonate of lime in the world, with perhaps the exception of the Irish and Belgian marble), in its native state, is of a dark blue ; wet, it becomes black ; polished, it shines like jet. Blocks are quarried as large as four feet square and nine feet long. It is sawed into slabs for tiles, table tops, mantels, interior decorations and ornamental work. There are two mills here that saw the stone. See them saw and note how, under dripping water and sand, the toothless saws eat their way through the solid rock. Wood pulp is manufactured in a large mill near the south end of the bridge, and vast quantities of wood that until recently, was considered almost valueless, now find its way in, in logs and comes out in thick sheets to be turned into paper in the ad- joining mill. The paper mill on the south side of the river has the perfected machinery of the day and reels off broad ribbons of paper a mile or more in length. The kind made is the kind used by the newspapers, and the fact that it is used by the Troy TimeSy the Brooklyn Eagle and the New York Sun proves its remarkable political flexibility. DOWN THE LAKE. Note. — By aid of accompanying large map, and the outline cuts distributed through the book, the reader should have no difficulty in locating all points of interest seen from the steamboats. Trav- elers from the north should read paragraphs as num- bered in reverse order, beginning at Ticonderoga. *' East " and ''west" indicate side to look from the channel usually taken by the steamboat. Distances given are air-line distances from Caldwell, unless stated differently. 1. From the south. The outreaching point from the west terminates in Tea Island, about a mile distant (see outline cut) ; over this is Tongue Mountain ; a little at the right, the round top of Shelving Rock ; about two miles beyond Tea Island, at the right, is Diamond Island ; beyond this, partially hidden by it, is Long Island ; at its right edge is West Point. About two miles away, on the right, is Plum Point ; on the high ground, a little nearer, the summer place of the Paulist Fath- ers. Still nearer, among the trees, is Crosbyside. Over the beach, at the east, is the Fort George Hotel; and back toward the south, the ruins of the old fort. Toward the west is Prospect Moun- tain, and at its base along the west shore, is the village of Caldwell, known to the postal department as Lake George. 2. Tea Island (west) is a little gem of an island, somewhat resembling the crater of an «-x- Down the Lake. tinct volcano, with the rim broken away on the east side, forming a beautiful harbor in miniature. Tradition says Abercrombie buried gold and val- uibles here; and a goodly share of the surface has been dug over, at different times, by the treasure seeker — some one suggested that the digging was for fish-worms, but the idea is too absurd to be en- tertained for a moment. The handsome building on the west side, one mile from the depot, is the residence of W. J. Price, of New York. A. D. F. Randolph, poet and publisher, has a modest cottage among the trees west of Tea Island. Rev. Dr. Butler, of Philadelphia, is near by. Rev. Dr. Tuttle occupies a cottage near the shore, north of Tea Island. Price Manor, residence of the late Col. W. W. Price, is on high land, two miles from the depot. The octagon building, at the waters edge, is not a light-house. 3. St. Mary's of the Lake (east), a mile north of Crosbyside, in a grove of young trees, is the summer place of the Paulist Fathers. This so- ciety is composed of priests, whose work is chiefly that of missionaries, something akin to that of the old Jesuits. Their convent is in New York, pre- sided over by its founder, the Rev. Father Hecker. The Paulists also own Harbor Island, and camp there a portion of the year. 4. Pr.UM Point (east), a half-mile north of con- vent, recciv^ed its name, it is said, because of the large quantity of plums raised here. The casual observer will see no plums, and may not see ^he point of this. (Mild joke.) 5. Dunham's Bay opens up on the right. At its head is Lake George Park. Edward Eggleston Down the Lake. 33 the stalwart author, lecturer, and divine, has a cot- tage here. 6. Diamond Island (west), near the centre of the lake and three miles from its head, was so named because of the quartz crystals found upon its surface. It was fortified and used as a military depot by Burgoyne, after his capture of Ticonder- oga in 1777, and the same year was the scene of an engagement between the forces then in possession (the English) and a party of Americans under Col. John Brown, which resulted in the defeat of the lat- ter. In 1820 it was occupied by a family who gained a living by the sale of crystals found there. Diamond Island is owned by Dr. Paine. 7. Cramer's Point (west, 2^ miles from Cald- well). It is said that this was an island, when the islands all belonged to the state : but a former owner of the adjoining shore looked upon it with longing eyes : and one night the kind waves, or something equally efficacious, filled up the inter- vening space with earth ; the island and the shore clasped hands across the muddy chasm ; the twain were made one flesh, and no law was found to put them assunder. Up at the road are the tasteful villas of George H. Cramer, of Troy, and Le Grand C. Cramer, his son. 8. The Antlers (west 3^^), Jerome Burton, proprietor. Capacity ico. Rates $2 per day ; $8 to $12 per week. P. O, Lal^c George, llou.sc completed and opened for 1891. 0[)en June 20 to October. 9. Reid's Rock is just north of Cannon Point (west, 3^ miles). A man named Reid, whose love for rum had taken him acioss the lake one stormy 3^ Lake George. night In late autumn, was found on this rock, in the morning, frozen stiff, and covered with Ice from the dashing spray. 10. Orcut Bay is entered between Reld's Rock and Cannon Point. " The Healing Spring " is just over the ridge, west of this bay, and may be reached along shore from Caldwell. The visitor should see this spring, and talk with its honest, odd owner, " Uncle Joe,'* as he is universally called, who has firm faith in the efificacy of the water to cure all the ills that flesh is heir to. 11. Diamond Point (west 4 miles) comes next The quartz here, like that of Diamond Island, oc- casionally yields very pretty crystals. Sampson Paul, an Indian, who flourished over half a century ago, once killed a panther with a common fishing- spear, here, as the poor brute was coming out of the water benumbed with cold. 12. Diamond Point House (west, 4% miles). John Coolidge, proprietor. Capacity, about 50. Large boats do riot land. Reached by wagon from Caldwell, or by small steamers. P. O., Hill View. 13. Canoe Islands (west, 4% miles), east of Diamond Point House, about midway between it and Long Island. Here the American Canoe As- sociation was organized in 1880. The Islands are owned by N. H. Bishop, and others. 14. Long Island is the largest island at Lake George, being something more than a mile in length. The deed by which it Avas transferred by King George to private parties, bears date of July 4, 1770. The house near its centre is the summer place of its owner. Dr. D. S. Sanford, of New York. Lake George. 35 South Island is separated from Long Island by a narrow and shallow water-way the two evidently having at one time been one island. Together they are known as the Sanford Islands. A narrow strait divides South Island and Assembly Point, 4 s VIEW NORTH FROM NEAR DIAMOND ISLAND. Dome Island ; 2 South Island ; 3 Shelving- Rock Mountain ; 4 Long- Island > Black Mountain ; 6 Buck Mountain ; 7 Pilot Mountain ; 8 Assembly Point. 15. Assembly Point (right, 4^ miles from Caldwell), is the home of the " Lake George Klub" originally the Lake George Assembly, organized in 1888. The president of the " Klub " is Dr. D. S. Sanford, of New York and Lake George, and its establishment is due almost entirely to the exer- tions of that tireless worker. I quote parts of the unique letter received in response to enquires, giv- ing the objects and aims of the community in a nut- shell, as follows: My Dear Friend: — Yours just at hand, asking present status of L. G. A. Will give it briefly as possible. The Lake George Assembly having been entirely reorganized, is now nothing more nor less than the Lake George Klub, and it is to be man- aged by and for its membership. There is no necessity here and now of saying any- thing about the romantic, picturesque, healthful beauty of Assembly Point — that point is conceded. I won't say, it is the beauty spot of Lake George — no one spot can claim that — but I will say, it is one of them. It is marvelously well adapted for a 36 Lake George. Kottage Kolony Klub of Kontented, Kongenial Kottagers, and we don't want you for the first 3 K's if you are not built on the lines of the last 3 K's of that 6-K Kouplet. The lots vary in size, containing from three to twelve thousand superficial feet, and present prices run from 2 to 4 cts. per foot ; the average size of single lots will be 50x125. The certificates of stock are in shares of $10.00 each. Not a share has been issued except for full face cash value. The capitalization will be low. At present it is $15,000. (Recently decided to raise it to $25,000.) The stock will not be watered, as the land itself has beautiful water views in every direction. (Water is all right in its place, of course, but not in land stock or milk.) Come and see Assembly Point. You will be none the worse for a day's outing, of which most people take all too few. Yours in hopes of Klub fellowship, Drurie S. Sanford. A number of pretty cottages are here occupied by notable people. The first one north of the landing is *' Mirror " cottage, occupied by W. H. Tippetts, editor of the "Mirror," Captain of the "Mirror," correspondent of a half-dozen Metropoli- tan dailies and special agent of the Forest Com- mission in charge of the Lake George Islands. The second cottage toward the north is the " Bolton ;" the third belongs to C. T. Sanford of Ravenswood ; the fourth to Rev. George D. Hultz of Brooklyn. H.S. Sanford, mayor of Long Island City (whose fight for the office, and for honest gov- ernment, filled so large a share of public interest last winter), also has a cottage here. 16. Ripley's Point extends northward about a mile east of Assembly Point (right 5^ miles from Caldwell) — a pleasant colony of cottage camps, Lake George. 37 popular and populous during the summer with Glens Falls, Sandy Hill and Fort Edward people. The hotel where the steamers land is Horicon Lodge. George A. Ferris, manager. Rates, $2 per day ; $8 to $12 per week. Capacity, about 100. Open June 25 to Sept. 15. P. O. Cleverdale. ^17. Sheldon's Point (right 6 miles) is the next landing. The grounds are quite attractive. Rates not given. P. O. Kenneth. 18. Lake George Villa is seen on the east side of Sheldon's Point and is spoken highly of. Capacity, 60. Rates, $1.50 per day; $8 to 10 per week. Franklin Gates, proprietor. P. O. Kenneth. 19. Grove Hotel (right, 7 miles.) E. Wet- more, proprietor. Capacity, 75. $2.00 per day; $8.00 to $10.00 per week. Small steamers land at dock. P. O. Kattskill Bay. 20. Irout Pavillion (right, 7 miles.) John Donahue, proprietor. Capacity, 100. Rates, $2.00 per day ; $8 to $12 per week. P. O. (in the house.) Address Kattskill Bay. 21. The Albion, north of the Trout Pavillion, will provide for 30. Rosa Phelps, proprietor. 22. Kattskill House is on the high terraced bank at the north dock, shaded by a thrifty grove of birches. Capacity about 100 guests. Rates, $2.00 per day ; $10.00 to $12.00 per week. Open from June 15th to October. A. P. Scoville, pro- prietor. A wire connecting with the Western Union telegraph is in the office. Good fare is fur- nished, and the place is deservedly popular with an excellent class of patrons. 23. Elizabeth Island appears as a point of the shore north of the Kattskill House. The Man- Lake George. 3^ hattan Club, composed of graduates of New York College, make it their summer camp ground. 24. Pilot Mountain (right, 7 miles, air line from Caldwell), is nearly sharp at its summit, de- scends steeply to the lake at points where we lately touched, and further away, at the south, slopes gently down to the fertile plain of Harrisena. 25. Buck Mountain (right, 9 miles) is a grand,- rocky, round-featured moumtain, along the east, ris- ing 2,000 feet above the lake. It is sparsely wooded at the summit. This, with Pilot Monntain on the south, is locally known as the deer pasture. Phelps' Point is at the lake, a little south of the highest part of Buck Mountain. A passable road leads out along shore from the Kattskill House. 26. Victoria Lodge (east, 7}4m.), John W. Harris, proprietor. Address at Kattskill Bay, for particulars. 27. Marion House (west side, sH n^iles from Caldwell), D. W. Sherman, proprietor ; H. L. Sher- man, manager. Capacity 4C0. Rates, $3.50 per day ; $14 to $25 per week. Recent additions have made this one of the largest (houses at the lake. It has been remodeled from of^ce to attic. Its public rooms are spacious, de_ lightfully open to the air, richly furnished through- out, and contain many unconventional appliances that tend to enjoyable ease. It is lighted with gas and electric lights throughout, and heated by steam* Its sleeping rooms are large, furnished modestly but: with excellent material, and supplied with superior beds. An elevator renders all floors almost equally -convenient and leaves little chxDice in rooms, 'unless' there are preferences in points of compass. Electric 40 Lake George. bells communicate between guests' rooms and the office, and a wire from the office connects with the Western Union Telegraph. The sanitary conditions are pronounced perfect. Soft, sweet water is brought to the house through pipes, from a spring on the west mountain. All steamboats from north and south land at the dock. A feature of the table- supplies is the butter and milk, from a herd of Jerseys belonging to the Marion farm. The grounds surrounding the Marion are exten- sive and attractive. It has the advantage of ap- proach by land, as the picturesque road from Cald- well runs along the shore, past the house. Back of the house are rugged bluffs, and forests almost as wild as they were a hundred years ago. The views of the lake are broad and far-reaching. Livery rigs of standard excellence can be had at established prices. A feature here not common to the Lake George hotels is the tally-ho coach, " Marion," on which, a moonlight dash along the shore with a select party, or a trip over the mountains, represents the acme of rare coaching experience, and more fun than an old fashioned trip across the continent. The Marion is an exceptionally attractive place. The Agawam which stood on the shore of the bay a half mile north of the Marion House was des- troyed by fire in 1890. Northward from this point the boat usually skirts the picturesque shore, showing two or three pretty little islands, opening up the fine sweep of Basin Bay, then, in order, come Fish Point, The Three Brothers' Islands and finally Belvoir Island, seem- ingly a point of the main land until a narrow pas- Lake George. 4^ sage way reveals the open bay at the west. Belvoir belongs to Rev. Geo. W. Clow, of White Plains. A number of modest cottages are here among the trees. 28. Recluse Island (west) is just east of Bel- voir, the steamer circling around it toward the west to make Bolton Landing. It is owned by Hon. Pliny T. Sexton of Palmyra. It was the subject of the "earthquake hoax" of 1868, at which time it was reported in the New York papers as having sunk 80 feet below the surface. A graceful bridge connects it with what was once known as Sloop Island. 29. Dome Island (east, 9 miles), near the cen- tre of the lake, next claims our attention as being the highest of Lake George's 220. Seen from the north or south, it has the appearance of a huge em- erald dome, somewhat flattened, but bearing enough of the appearance to justify the name. This island was purchased from the State in 1856, for $100. It is now the property of the owner of Recluse Island. The flag pole on the southerly end of the island sometimes supports a large banner inscribed " Union College," the significance of which is that Dr. Sex- ton, who is an honorary graduate and a fast friend of that institution, has thrown the island open to the use of the Union Alumni. Not to be behind the age Lake George has a gold mine. It is in the side of the mountain, near the water's edge, easterly across the lake from Dome Island. It Is said that gold is here in paying quan- tities and that platinum is also found. The opera- tions are carried on under the superintendency of L. P. Burroughs as mining expert and is that a large force of men will be put on soon. 42 Lake George. The Calf Pen is a notable notch in the rock along shore near the gold mine. The section be- tween this and Dome Island is noted as deep water fishing ground. 30. Lake View House, R. J. Brown, proprie- tor. Capacity, loo. Rates, §3 per day; $12 to $15 per week. P. O., Bolton. This house has earned for itself that unfailing sign of approval — the re- peated return of old guests to familiar rooms and places, their number aug- mented annualh^ by new friends and kindred spir- its. The view is unsur- passed for quiet beauty, as revealed in retreating headland, pretty group- ing of island forms and the lovely gate-like open- ings of the distant Nar- rows, with giant Black Mountain beyond. Mr. Brown makes a very pleasant landlord, agree- able and obliging. The grounds around the Lake View are pleasant, and the effort has been quite suc- cessfully made of leaving nature's perfect work un- touched while relieving it of unsightly objects, and making all parts trim and accessible. There are de- tached buildings here for bowling and billiards, open space for croquet and tennis, retired walks, cozy seats and pleasant outlooks. A pleasant addition is the detached building back among the trees con- taining a large room for general assembly, hops, «tc. M\\\ ^ If//))) ^H W/J/i 0^ ■WELLS? ^i®Sl\\\\\ r" ^^A H.ir ^MlPM'Ffr t: r^tt\(ulvs ^^E" ^ 1 ^^v^M^ Wm7/iv ""ir^S ^M^ v^ \^^L- jK '^^t?— -\_^^^ ^9) M^/))i Lake George. 43 (A "dark room'' on the grounds is a co a enience jthat is appreciated by amateur photoq:iaphers The new andlarger Lake View is but a question Qf ■ time. A steam catamaran, built under Mr. Brown's rdirection plys between the house and Bolton Larid- LAKE VIEW HOUSE. ing, about a mile distant, tran-sferring guests of the house and baggage free. South of Lake View House is Concordia Bay, so named from the fact that its shores have been a favorite camping ground of the Union College boys. The attractive cottage on the point beyond, over- looking the lake from its rocky perch and appro- priately called " Buena Vista" was built in 1 889 by Robert C. Alexander of the New York bar, and publisher of the " Mail and Express." Mr. Alex- '^nder is owner of the tract which bounds the en- tire west shore of Huddle Bay, extending back tb the highway running from Caldwell to Bolton. Ex- 44 Lake George. tensive improvements have recently been made on this property in clearing up, opening drives and vistas, and laying out the lake frontage into cottage sites. On one of these, northward from Buena Vista, Rev. J. D. Kennedy of Brooklyn, has a handsome cottage. Charles Dudley Warner is on record as saying this is one of the most exquisite spots on Lake George, and Charles is right as usual. Phantom Bay, is the deep indention in the west shore north of the Lake View House. 32. Locust Grove House, is on the westerly shore of Phantom Bay. Capacity 75. Rates $2.00 per day $8.00 to $14.00 per week, George R. Fish, proprietor. The house is attractive, the fare LOCUST GROVE. wholesome, the proprietor hearty and obliging. What more would you ask? Scenery ? It is there^ rugged and picturesque at the rear, restful in the shadows of the locusts about the house, beautiful under them out on the little bay with its environ- ment of islands and points and beyond all a glimpse of the broad lake and the eastern mountains. Lake George. 45 Sweet Brier Island is at the entrance to Phan- tom Bay on a line with the projecting point of the west shore. It is one of the great majority — state land — but is leased by Cashier Wm. A. Wait of Glens Falls and the modest little cottage thereon is occupied by himself and family during portions of the summer. The bold point north of Sweet Brier Island and the handsome villa back of the little bay, surrounded by an ample lawn on which are seen statues of men and beasts, belong to Wil- liam Demuth of New York The Bolton hills rise rapidly after leaving the shore and at points give remarkabiy fine views of the lake with most picturesque foregrounds and middle distance of projecting points and multiform islands. Particularly beautiful is the scene when the plume of the chestnut is out, and gorgeous the scene later when autumn touches the maples with her magic hand and paints the mountain sides with crimson and with gold. 33. The Mohican House is among the trees on a projecting point on the west 9^ miles from Caldwell. Capacity about 100. Rates given on application. Frank Clark, proprietor. This is one of the oldest hotels on the lake. The place is now offered for sale with other desirable property along shore, by its owner, W. Rodman Winslow of New York. From the tribe of Uncas came the name Mohican and on the tall flag-staff that stood out on the point for many years was a wooden warrior de- fying sun and storm, and his silhouette as it was reared against the bright sky is today the totem of the modern " Mohican." Lake George. 47 The legends of the place are many. One is of a beautiful Indian girl who was brought a prisoner from the shores of the Great North Lakes by the Mohicans in one of their periodical war raids through " The Lake that is the Gate of the Country/' Arrived at their village here, a young chief, the pride of the nation, gazed into the stranger's dark eyes and was made captive by her grace and beauty. He would have taken her to his wigwam in preference to any maiden of his own tribe but the old women of the nation had chosen for him another bride, and when he again went on the war-path, and the cruel old men and women only were in possession of the camp, it was decreed that the daughter of the northern tribe should die. They bound her to the stake, piled faggots high around her slight form and the fire was lighted, but as the crackling flames curled upward, a supernatural figure that shone like a blazing comet — stronger than a buffalo and swift as the wind — swept through the circle, scat- tered the blazing brands like playthings right and left, and seizing the willing captive, dashed out again before the awe-struck crowd had recovered from their terror. Running through the growing corn to the middle of the field at the west he sprang to the top of a large stone, and from it flew upward with his burden, over the hills, and the girl was never seen more. Curiously enough also the young brave came not back with his party. He had vanished out of their life. But thereafter, at every coming of the tasseled corn, some warrior of the tribe was slain by a mysterious being who came out from dark Oulusca — '* The Place of Shadows '* west of the great peaks — a warrior who shone like the fox-fire of the 48 Lake George. The Bolton House, standing back a little way from the landing, will accommodate lOO. Rates, $3 per day; $10 to $15 per week. John Vandenbergh, proprietor. West of the landing is the Roman Catholic Church. A Baptist Church is at the hamlet of Bolton Landing, a quarter-mile further north. Here also are the Stewart and Goodman houses — places of good repute and moderate prices. Back of the ornate balustrade along shore north is Ga- nouskie Cottage, belonging to Ezra Benedict, of New York. The large, red-roofed house with glass summer-house attached, north of the Pine grove, is occupied by R. W. Wilson, local manager for Com- modore Simpson. Then comes a red structure with tall, round tower, belonging to E. B. Warren, and occupied by his famous fisherman "Alex" Taylor. 36. Wilson's is at the west end of the long bridge that connects Green Island with the main land. Capacity 20. J. B. Wilson, proprietor. The red building on the heights beyond belongs to Mrs. Putnam. Farther north is the summer residence of George W. Silcox. 1 2 8 4567 89 SOUTH FROM THE SAGAMORE DOCK. t Dome Island •, 2 Elizabeth Island ; 3 Kattskill Bay • 4 Lon^ Island ; s French Mountain ; 6 Recluse Island ; 7 Canoe Islands ; 8 Belvoir Island Q Caldwell (not visiblci. 37. The New Sagamore is on Green Isiand (west g}^ miles). Capacity 400. Rates given on application. Open June 30 to September 30. M. O. Brown, manager. All steamers land. This new house was erected on the foundations of the first Lake George. 49 Sagamore burned June 27, 1893. The accommoda- tions and general management of the Sagamore are excellent. Of the attractive cottages alon'g shore on either side the one nearest the dock on the west, " Belle- vue,'' is occupied by Gen. Robert Lenox Banks, of Albany. The next, ''Nirvana," is the summer place of J. B. Simpson, Jr., of New York. East, and nearest the dock is the cottage of George Burnham, 12 3 4 5 '^ 7 THE NARROWS FROM THE SAGAMORE DOCK. s Crown Island ; 2 Northwest Bay ; 3 Tongue Mountain ; 4 Black Mounta'lo S Fourteen Mile Island ; 6 Mt. Erebus ; 7 Shelving Rock Mountain. and beyond it turreted " Vapanak " belonging to E. B. Warren — each a study architecturally and all charmingly picturesque. From the Sagamore dock, the boat runs almost due east toward the entrance to the Narrows, about two miles distant. 38. Crown Island (west, lo miles) but a little distance from Green Island is the summer place of Wm. T. Wells, President of the Wells Rustless Iron Company, of New York. A picturesque Queen Anne cottage on the swelling south shore, thickly growing trees rising evenly to its royal summit, with glimpses of winding walks caught from the passing steamer, suggests the refinement of summer rest and seclusion on this " Tight Little Island." Northwest Bay (or ''Ganouski" as the Indians called it) extends northward about four miles beyond Crown Island. Lake George. 51 39. Oahu Island (west 11 miles), is the prop- erty of Gen. P. F. Bellinger, of Elizabeth, N. J. Gen. Bellinger occupies the cottage toward the south, while the one near the north end is the sum- mer place of J. W. Moore, Chief Engineer U. S- Navy. 40. Tongue Mountain rises rugged and broken, west of the Narrows, and, sloping gradually southward, terminates in Montcalm Point, owned by Mr. J. Buchanan Henry. West of the mountain is Northwest Bay. *' Green Oaks," the summer place of E. Corning Smith, of Albany, is on Turtle Island, lying northeast of Montcalm Point. 41. Fourteen Mile Island is on the east side (Hotel Kenesaw) 11 miles from Caldwell. Why called Fourteen Mile Island the oldest in- habitant does not pretend to say. It is presumed, however, that fourteen miles was the estimated dis- tance from Fort William Henry before actual measurement demonstrated it to be less. The island has an area of twelve acres, portions of which are extremely picturesque in combination of rock and soil, and with fine specimens of oak, chestnut and Norway pine. Its shores are rocky and broken in some places, in others rounding smoothly over into the deep water, with huge, lichen-covered boulders, smooth, rocky floors carpeted with thick mosses, and hollows filled with waving ferns. On the east, separating it from the mainland, is a narrow and deep channel, through which the largest steamers can pass. Here is another dock where ex- cursion steamers land. This island belongs to the Steamboat Company, and this east side has been 52 Lake George. fitted up for the accommodation of picnic parties, with refreshment rooms, a dancing pavilion, croquet grounds, swings, photograph gallery, etc. The Bungalo Islands at the south form a pretty group, on one of which Delavan Bloodgood, medical director U. S. Navy, has built picturesque- ly after the fashion of the East Indian bungalow. If you follow along the rocky shore south of Fourteen Mile Island you will find many pretty bays and head- lands. At one point a little brook makes out over a beach ; following up a little way, you will be rewarded by the sight of a little gem, among cascades, called Shelving Rock Falls. 42. The Hundred Island House, (east iij miles from Caldwell) is owned by George E. Knapp> who, visiting the Lake for the first time last spring, chartered a steamer for a little run down into the Narrows, to see how it looked. He stopped off here for dinner, and was so well pleased with dinner and place that, finding the latter in the market, drew his check for the required amount, finished his cigar and told the ladies to go ahead with the business. Mr. Knapp is from Chicago. The ladies are going ahead with the business now. Miss Jennie Bradley is lessee, with Miss M. J. Groerk, — the presiding genus of old at Fourteen Mile Island Lake George. 53 and later here — as manager. The house will provide for 100 guests. Rates $2.50 to $3 per day ; $10 to $17.50 per week. The post office (Shelving Rock) is in the hotel office. Everything here suggests homely welcome and comfort. The patrons of the house become its friends. It is much visited early and late in the season by hunters and fishermen and is a favorite resort among artists. The location is capital for a summer house, afford- ing a protected harbor for small boats, a new dock easy of approach for large. It is built in the most substantial manner possible, and with a degree of finish seldom applied to hotels designed simply for summer occupancy. The table is exceptionally wholesome, and served in an attractive manner. Fresh milk and vegetables come from the farm belonging to the house. The post-office — " Shelv- ing Rock " — is in the hotel office, and the telegraph is close by. A stairway leads up to the sightly observatory, from which the roof may be gained, and a view ob- tained that has hardly its equal anywhere on the lake, showing the broad, open water toward the south and west, the hundred islands of the Narrows, and the lake stretching away to Sabbath Day Point at the north. 54 Lake Geoege. ^ The Pearl Point House is one of the leading hotels of the Lake. Its furniture and appointments are Hberal and complete in all respects. Rambling, quaint and profusely ornate in architectural design, the buildings attract much attention and admiration. Nestling amid abundant shade trees, surrounded by piazzas, with tasteful, elaborate and admirably kept grounds, little imagination is required to invest the place with unusual interest. Including two hand- some cottage buildings, or dormitories, the estab- lishment affords accommodations for one hundred and fifty guests. From its opening, in 1876, it has been exceedingly well managed, and has secured a permanent reputation and patronage of superior character. It is conducted on strict temperance principles, and on that account has peculiar attrac- tions to many. The location in the Narrows, faced and flanked by *' The Hundred Islands," on account of the shelter afforded by the islands, make boating delightful in any state of the wind, while the fishing of the neigh- borhood is excelled nowhere on the Lake. That both may be enjoyed without stint, the proprietor makes a special feature of his boat livery, having provided a numerous and really elegant fleet of boats of various styles and sizes, suitable for every requirement, all equipped with the best in the way of oars, cushions, etc. Telegraph wires and daily mail-s enable guests to communicate readily with the outer world. D. W. Sherman, proprietor. Rates $3.50 per day, $12.00 to $21.00 per week. Lake George. West from Pearl Point is Raniijer Island 55 on It the pretty cottage with sharp-peaked tower. Next toward the north Juanita where the Bullard broth- ers and sisters come. On Glen Island next at the north is the house where the Glen Club, more commonly known as the "Cold Water Club" for obvious reasons, composed of solid men from g^ic^.-:-^"- S7 PEARL POINT. Glens Falls become boys again every year. At the left of Glen is Uncas Island; at the right "Phantom" with its attractive cottage and tastefully deco- rated summer houses, occupied during the summer by Hon. Jerome Lapham, of Glens Falls. Gem Island, next at the north, has a rude club-camp; Gravelly Island is the nearest to Pearl Point at the north. Over toward the west shore, between Ranger and Juanita can be seen parts of big "Tur- tle " and " Phelps " Islands. All of these islands ex- cept Turtle, belong to the state. Lake George. Burnt Island is the largest of the Hundred island group, and occupies a central position toward the north. On it half wild goats have for several years lived and bred. As-You-VvERE Island is the last of the group near the west shore. rRENCK POINT KARBOK Tl TUKMi! BUTEBy la/uos* jaB3ut mnuSi Little Harbor Island, east of the last named has on its north border one of tlie curious holes in the rock supposed by some t) hcve been the work of the aborigines. Fork Island, its shape suggesting the name, terminates the cluLter at the northeast. Paradise Point, a beautiful peninsula — site of ^* proposed hotel colony — -extends from the east shore, separating Red Rock Bay on the south from Para- dise Bay on the north, the latter guarded by a cluster of very pretty islands. There are others, a multitude of them, some rising abruptly from the depths, moss-draped and thicket- crowned, while others only see the light when the water sinks to its lowest level. All around are treacherous shoals and reefs, and when the light is right and the water rough, you may see the surface checked and spotted by the bright green that marks their position, while the little steamer, with many £ graceful turn, threads the labyrinth as the verdcual gateways op-en and close along her course. Lake Georgb. French Point projects from the west shore, 13 miles north of Caldwell. The shore here is rugged and broken, running in places straight up from the water, Tongue mountain rising sheer from the littU plateau. The Sherman House that stood here was burnt to the ground at the close of the season of 1889. Black Mountain stands on our right, the mon* arch of the lake stretching away to the north, seem* ing to recede as we approach and travel with us, its granite crest lifted over two thousand feet above us, its rocky sides seamed and scarred and reddened by fires that have swept over it in times past. A senti- nel, it seems, overlooking the whole lake and moun- tains round about ; the first to welcome the rising sun, and at evening, glowing in the splendor of the dying dky, while the valleys below are misty with the shadows of coming night. From its summit, 2,661 feet above tide, and 2,315 above Lake George, nearly the entire lake may be seen. To the, north is Lake Champlain ; at the east lie the Green Moun- tains; on the west and north the Adirondacks rise one above another, while away toward the south, like a thread of silver, stretches the mighty Hudson. Don't forget to take an extra blanket or heavy shawl if you make the ascent, — and don't forget the luncheon. Horicon Pavilion, which stood on the cleared space southwest of Black Mountain called Black Mountain Point, was destroyed by fire April 2ist, 1889. It was a poem in wood and stone, a work of art that seemed here a part of nature's self. From this point an excellent road ascends to the top of Black Mountain* Lake George. 59 Half Way Isle is under the west shore, the centre of a circle, of which the circumference is the rim of a mountain that rises, amphitheater-like, around its western side. As its name indicates, it marks the centre of the lake. The " Three Sirens," lovely and inviting, but surrounded by dangerous shoals and reefs, are out in the middle of the lake nearly opposite Halfway Island. Hatchet Island is one of the same chain; th« derivation of the name is unknown, but tradition connects it with a good little boy who couldn't tell ? Ue. One Tree Island it fa just outside the channel The stump is all that remains of that "one tree." Floating Battery is north of One Tree Island, the southernmost large island of a group lying along the east shore, opposite the highest point of Black Mountain, In the little bay on its south margin is the remains of what is said to be one of the two "castles," floating batteries, or gunboats, built to accompany Abercrombie down the lake in his ad- vance on Ticonderoga, in 1758. The name is some- times applied to the entire group, as it stretches along shore. Mother Bunch is the name given to the north- ernmost member of the group, because, it is said, of a fancied resemblance between a portion of the island and an old woman; it is a beautiful tribute to the memory of the old lady any way, while the classic elegance and appropriateness of the name only fell The Harbor islani>s. ihort of absolute inspiration in that it was not advanced a step farther to "Grandmother" Bunch, and done with it The Gives Rock is a solid wall, breaking off perpendicularly from the mountain slope on the right, north of Mother Bunch; water constantly drips over its face, and cives, a species of garlic growing in tufts, and liked as a relish by sonie, spring spontane- ously from its fissures ; the largest boat can be laid up along side of this rock in still weather. A venera- ble landmark, known to have been there sixty-five years, is an old stub, projecting a little above the sur- face, and swaying about just outside the usual course of the steamer; below the portion that has been worn down by the ice it is four feet in diameter, its point downward, and supposed to be anchored in the bottom of *he lake. The water here is seventy feet in depth. ^ The Harbor Islands are near the center of the lake, the west channel passing close by their western border ; they are owned by the Paiilists, who received a title to them from the State, m 1872, and who occupy them occasionally as a camping place. The group is the first of any considerable size on the west side, north of the Narrows, and was once the scene of one of the bloodiest engagements in the history of the lake. On the 25tliof July, 1757, a party of between three and four hundred English, command- ed by Gol. John Parker, left Fort William Henry, and under cover of the darkness proceeded dovm^ the Lake GeorgEo 6i lake on a scout. When near this place, at dawn of the next morning, dark objects shot out from among the islands and the surrounding gloom to meet them, while the savage war-whoop sounded on all sides. As the yelling horde advanced the English became panic-stricken and sought safety in flight. But their clumsy barges were no match for the light canoes of the enemy. Some threw themselves into the lake a^id succeeded in reaching the shore, there to be pursued and struck down by the savages. One hundred and thirty-one of the English were killed outright, twelve escaped, and the rest were taken prisoners. Of the latter, Father Roubaud, a Jesuit priest, says in his " Relations " : " The first object which presented itself to my eyes on arriving there was a large fire, while the wooden spits fixed in the earth gave signs of a feast — Indeed, there was one taking place. But oh. Heaven, what a feast ! The remains of the body of an Englishman were there, the skin stripped off and more than one-half of the flesh gone. A moment after I perceived these inhuman beings eat, with famishing avidity, of this human flesh ; I saw them taking up this detestable broth in large spoons, and, apparently, without being able to satisfy themselves with it ; they informed me that they had prepared themselves for this feast by drinking from skulls filled with human blood, while their smeared faces and stained lips gave evidence of the truth of the story." The good father attempted to reason with them, but to no avail. One said to him : " Vou have French taste; I have Indian ; this food is good for me,'' of- fering at the same time a piece of the human flesh to the horrified priest. UiKM GBOECn. •Captain Sam" Vicar's Island is just north of the Harbor Islands. Here, on its. northern border, an affecting incident transpired once, of which Captain Sam Patchen^ who lived at Sabbath Day Point at the time, was tne hero. One winter's day he conceived the idea of sailing his grist to Bolton mill on the ice. So, piling the bags of grain into the old cutter, with a pitchfork, held firmly in his hands, for a rudder, ho hoisted sail and sped away before a stronc: north wind. 1 he ice was *'glare," and the cutter sailed well — remarkably well ; but there was not so much cer- tainty about the satisfactory behavior of the steer- mg apparatus. The old man, it is said, was given to spiritual things occasionally, and had, on this occasion, evidently hoisted in rather too much ryr in the liquid form to conduce to the safe transport tion of that in the bags. The craft insisted ob Lake George. 63 heading directly for the island, and could not be diverted from its course — it was of the kind called ''jumper" — a mettlesome old jumper at that, and the captain had a great deal of confidence in its ability to do whatever it undertook. So he decided to jump the island. He tried it. It was not, strictly speaking, a success. The cutter reached the shore, and paused against a rock, but Sam was anxious to get along, and continued on with the bags and finally brought up in a snow-drift. Captain Sam was always dignified, and on this occasion it is said his manner of resting on that snow-drift was remarkably impressive. Even the snow felt moved, and the island itself was touched, and when he came out and set his radiant face home- ward he was not a Sam of joy or a Sam of thanks- giving, but a Sam abounding in language that would set a mule driver up in business, and bring despair to the boss canvasman of any circus traveling. Deer's Leap Mountain is on the west, a little way north of Vicar's Island. The top is rounded, the side facing the lake a perpendicular wall of rock, at its foot are great fragments of rock that have fallen from time to time, and said to be a favorite resort for the rattlesnake. Once on a time a buck pursued by hunters, was driven to the brow of the precipice, a pack of yelling hounds close at his heels. " Not the least obeisance made he ; Not a minute stopped or stayed he— but leaping fearlessly, far out over the giddy height, was impaled on the sharp point of a tree below. Hulett's Landing (east, 18 miles from Cald- well), Henry W. Buckell, manager. Capacity, 125. Rates, $2.50 per day ; $9 to $14.00 per week. Open June to November. P. O., Hulett's Landing. 64 Lake George. The surroundings are exceedingly wild and inter- esting. The plan for the entertainment of guests is of a central building containing the general office, with post and telegraph offices, a second containing assembly and music rooms ; a third with the dining- room, kitchen, etc., connected with the first by a picturesque covered walk, and several detached cottages that may be rented by families or assigned to guests in common with the rooms in the main building. Steamers land going each way. It can be reached also via Chubb's Dock on the D. & H. R. R., 5 miles east. A wagon road has been made from this point to within a mile of the top of Black Mountain. Meadow Point is north of Hulett's on the same shore. A cluster of pretty cottages here, fitted up with necessary conveniences, may be rented with or without board. Here Cyrus Butler hoped to es- tablish a summer school of music, painting and botany, but in his death the enterprise lost its in* spiration and " Horicon " an ardent admirer. He was one of the most lovable of men, a sympathic friend and a generous enthusiast whose benefactions were limited only by his means as many a struggling genius can mournfully attest. Hog's Back is the rugged mountain back of Meadow Point. Near its highest point Putnam and Rogers once came upon an Indian encampment, and, after the heroic manner of warfare in those days, left none to tell the tale. Illustrative of the brutal nature of the man and the spirit of retaliation which to some seemed to justify the most cruel measures, Rogers, it is said, killed an Indian baby by dashing Lake George. 65 its brains out against a tree, and when remonstrated with by Putnam said, ** It's a nit and will be a louse if I let it." The red-roofed, Swiss-like building, on a point beyond Meadow Point, is the summer place of De Lorm Knowlton, of New York. North of Hog's Back stretches Spruce Mountain — strikingly bold and precipitous. ROGER S ROCK. ANTHONY S NOSE. SABBATH DAY PT. BLUFF HEAD. Bluff Head is the long point extending out from the east shore. The late Rev. A. D. Gillette, D. D., for many years pastor of Calvary Church New York, made this his summer home. His widow and sons, Dr. Walter R. and Daniel G. Gillette have cottages here now. From Hulett's Landing, we run diagonally across the lake to Sabbath Day Point, about two miles dis- BLACK MT. SHELVING ROCK. TONGUE MT. *^ ^^"-wT ELEPHANT. VICAR 's I. DEER's LEAP. tant. As we draw near to the dock glance back- ward toward Black Mountain. Note how the old giant asserts his supremacy, rising up and o'er top- ping his less stately supporters. A little further along and 'he is again the stately centre of the pic- ture. 66 Lake George. The Elephant stands back there at the north end of Black Mountain. See his well-formed head toward the west ; his eye, and the rift that marks the outline of his massive jaw; the wrinkled neck and great round back, with scattered bristles of dead pines clearly defined against the sky beyond. Sugar Loaf Mountain is over at the left of the Elephant. Its summit, viewed from a little distance north of Sabbath Day Point, looks very like a pig lying down, with his sharp nose pointing east. These animals were, undoubtedly, a part of the lot created "in the beginning." Twin Mountains are seen in the southwest from Sabbath Day Point. The southernmost one is the Deer's Leap, the other locally known as Bloomer Mountain. \ TWirWOUNTAINS FJ!(}^F WSBATtTIJAy POINt ^=52 Sabbath Day Point (west, about 19^ miles from Caldwell). Capacity, 25, P.O., Sabbath Day Point- F. A. Carney, Proprietor. Sabbath Day Point has been the scene of mari\ stirring incidents in the history of Lake George. It commands the approach by water on either hand, and would naturally be selected for a camping place by parties who had reason to expect an enemy near. Here, in 1756, a body of provincials, under Putnam and Rogers, repulsed a superior force of French and Indians ; and on the 5th of July, 1758, Abercrombie, Lake George. ^'j with his splendidly equipped army of over fifteen thousand men, landed for rest and refreshment, remaining until near midnight, when he moved down the lake, leaving immense fires burning, to give his watchful enemy the impression that he was still there. In September of the following year Gen. Amherst, with twelve thousand men, drew his boats up on the sandy beach west of the house, and passed the Sabbath with appropriate religious ceremonies. To this circumstance is sometimes ascribed the name, although it had been called Sabbath Day Point for some years before. It is said also, but on doubtful authority, that an engagement occurred here in 1776 between fifty Americans and a force of tories and Indians, resulting in the defeat of the latter. In 1765, eleven years before the engagement spoken of, we find record of a house here, occupied by one Samuel Adams. In 1798, Capt. Sam Patchen (hero of the cutter ride to Vicar's Island) built a log-house near the site of the present building, since which the Point has never been without its resident family. The late owner of the Point, also named Sam — Capt. Sam Westurn, lived here for many years, a genial pleasant companion. The place is very homelike, wholesome and pleasant. The Indian Kettles, at the edge of the water on the bay north of the Point, are good specimens of rock boring — but you wonder whence the grinding power that should create them — by the side of quiet water. Grace Memorial Chapel was erected here in 1885 in memory of the wife of Mr. Norman Dodge, daughter of Rev. A. D. Gillette, D.D. It cost Lake George. 69 about $7,000, contributed by the New York families who had made this place their summer home. On the west shore, south of Sabbath Day Point, are summer cottages severally owned in the order here given, by Mrs. J. M. Jackson, Orange ; Rev. Wm. H. Vroom, Ridgewood ; Mrs. Selah Strong, New Brunswick, N. J. ; Henry Bartlett, (boarding house) ; Mrs. H. L. Strong, Flatbush ; and Wm. H. Van Cott and Rev. A. H. McKinney, New York. On the point north of the steamboat landing is the summer place of J. F. Chamberlain, of New York. A mile further north are the cottages of Rev. C. F. Hageman, Rev. D. B Wyckoff and Dr. Landon. Silver Bay (landing, telegraph and post office), west 22 miles from Caldwell), J. J. Wilson, pro- prietor. Capacity, 100. Rates $10.00 to $15.00, according to room. Open June to October. Friends speak of it as " Brookdale Farm," and speak admiringly of place and proprietor alike. The large house on the high ground north of the dock is the summer residence of Silas H. Paine, of the Standard Oil Company. Scotch Bonnet, four miles north of Sabbath Day Point, is a flat rock, a little above the surface, lying west of the channel. 45 6 7 8 SOUTH FROM NEAR HAGUE. I Sugarloaf Mt.; 2 Black Mt.; 3 Odel Is.; 4 Bluff Head ; 5 Hulett's Land- ing ; 6 Sabbath Day Point ; 7 Slim Point ; 8 Scotch Bonnet. HAGUE. [(AGUE is situated on a broad, sweeping bay, at the west side of the lake, 28 miles from its head. The general char- acter of its scenery is peaceful, lacking the grandeur of the Narrows, but here the artist will find plenty of matter for study in the great variety of foliage, lichens and mosses, the many-colored rocks, the rugged islands and the graceful elms, whose slender branches droop and sway like the weeping willow, the like of which is seen nowhere else at the lake. Good bass fishing is found near by, and two fine trout brooks render the place attractive to those who throw the fly, while the shore, all the way back to Sabbath Day Point, is considered good hunting ground. A walk up the valley road, north of the house, gives a number of tke most charming bits of scenery imaginable. The Phcenix Hotel is the large, white three* story building seen a little way north of the steam- boat landing. The house will accommodate fifty, comfortably. A level, grassy lawn stretches from the house out to the sandy beach along the water Lake George. 71 front. Rates not given. George F. Marshall, pro- prietor. ** The Hillside," John McClanathan, proprietor, is situated a few rods north of the Phoenix, where a brawling brook comes down through the valley at the west. This house stands on high ground and has a more extended view than the Phoenix. It is well spoken of by old guests. Capacity of house about 75. Rates given on application. Trout House, Charles H. Wheeler, proprietor. Capacity 40. Rates, $1.25 per day ; $7 to $8 per week. Free conveyance to the steamboat landing in season. Open all the year. Here the most wholesome of country fare is provided, and home- like comfort rules the establishment from one year's TROUT HOUSE. end to the next. It is one of the places where you are made to feel that your welcome is not always guaged by the length of your purse. " Charley " can tell to a nicety just where the big trout is to be found, and, next to landing it himself, he enjoys showing some favored one the way to do it. A ten- nis court is a pleasant feature here. 72 Lake George. The Rising House is a short distance north of the Trout House, on the flank of a hill that, rising into quite a mountain toward the west, comes thickly wooded down almost to the door. It commands a most extensive view toward the south. Will accom- modate about 25 guests. Rates on application. B. A. Rising, proprietor. liSteamboat Landing; 2 Phcenix Hotel; 3 Hillside House; 4 Trout House; 5 Rising House ; Island Harbor is at the right outside the lines of the sketch. Island Harbor (west, i mile north of Hague landding), B. A. Clifton, proprietor. Capacity 50. Rates $1.50 per day ; $8 per week. Island Harbor is the name given to the cluster of houses on the west shore of the bay, formed by the enclosing group known as Cook's islands. It is much frequented by sportsmen, and has a record for big fish, approached by few places along the lake. The location, while retiring, shows lovely vistas through the islands, and affords safe boating among its covered waters even in the roughest of weather. This is an attraction which the inexperienced in boating matters may consider. The drives and foot-paths through the Lake George. 73 shady woods are other counts in its favor. The table is excellent and the proprietor an authority on things pertaining to the woods and waters. A public conveyance runs to the steam boat landing for guests during July and Au- gust. Early or late in the season, notice of coming should be sent in advance. Waltonian Isle is the outermost and largest of the group of nine outside Island Harbor. The steamboat runs close to its rugged shores, and, rounding away toward the north reveals a splendid view of the lake past and to come. Ten miles away at the south, the "Elephant" stretches his hugh bulk across ; over his head Black Mountain stands guard, growing misty along the distant narrows. Nearer are the green shores and low hills that shut them in. Near by, at the north, is Friend's Point extending beyond a pleasant tree-bordered meadow, quiet and beautiful enough now, but of old, the scene of bloody engagements, being then, as now, a favorite camping ground. On the right is Blair's Bay, setting well back into the eastern shore. At its head are cleared fields in the town of Putnam — a bit of civilization reaching out from the section beyond, and seeming almost foreign in its lack of interest to the rest of Lake George. Lakb Gborgx. Anthony's Nose extends west along the nortli side of Blair's Bay. It is heavily wooded, except- ing in spots where a cliff is presented or where iti western point rounds over sharply into the lake. From a position well back on the south side of filair's Bay can be seen a perfect face in profile, with smooth brow, Roman nose, firm lip and bearded chin, look- ing out toward the west from the perpendicular wall at the second mountain step. It cannot be seen from the passing steamer rnoM H£fiK wnw/rmr isa We pass close to the point of the mountain, so near that a stone could be easily tossed against its iron-stained sides, and we struggle with incipient profanity to note where some vandal quack has paraded his nostrums before a long suffering pubic, desecrating the face of nature, aye, even out- raging its very nose with his vinegary compound, and, with the wish father to the thought, we look down into the depths to see if, perchance, retribution did not overtake him in the act and leave some record for our gratification. This is said to be the deepest portion of the lake> put down as being anywhere from four to five hun dred feet in depth, and a stone loosened from its bed ROGBRS' SUDB. above, is heard in dull, heavy thuds as it leaps from crag to crag down through the water to the unseen bottom. Rogers' Slide is toward the west, a moun- tain nearly a thousand feet high, with smoothly rounded top and precipitous sides. It is rich In minerals, many beautiful specimens of garnet hav- ing been found along its summit, and also graphite or black lead, which exists in considerable quan- tities. Nearly half of its entire height is a smooth wall of rock descending at a sharp angle to the water's edge. It is said to have received its name from the following circumstance : In the winter of ^ 757-8, Robert Rogers, witli a small party of Rangers, was sent to make observations at Ticon- deroga and Crown Point, where he fell in with a party of the enemy, and the skirmish which ensued resulted in the total defeat of the English, Rogers escaped, and, pursued by the savages, made for the summit of what was then called Bald Mountain, probably, with the object of putting in practice the ruse which his dare-devil nature had suggested. Arrived at the brow of the precipice, he threw his "iuggage" down the steep walls, and, reversing himself on his snow-shoes, made his way down through a ravine, at the southwest, to the lake ; thence around to the foot of the slide. The savages, following to the edge of the mountain, where the track of the snow-shoes seemed lost in the path made by a fidling body, expecting, of course, that whoever had attempted it could not have reached the bottom alive, must have been considerably sur prised to see the brave major making off on tke ice toward the head of the lake. It b probable that they took it for g^nted that he had actually gone down the steep wall; this admitted, signs that at another time would have lead to the discovery of the ruse at once, were overlooked, and they, feeling that he must be under the protection of the " Great Spirit," with characteristic reverence for their Deity, desisted from further pursuit Rogers' Rock Mountain may be ascended by a good path leading from the hotel north of the slide to the top, from which point may be had a view of surprising grandeur and extent. On its summit, looking like a tiny bird cage from below, is seen a summer house built by Boston's celebrated divine, the Rev. Joseph Cook, whose birth-place is just over the other side in pleasant Trout Brook Valley. Mr. Cook spends much of his summerings at the old homestead and may often be seen on the moun- tain-top, looming grandly against the sunset sky. The Rogers' Rock Hotel stands on a bold promontory just north of Rogers' Slide, and supplies the long f6lt need of a first-class house at this end of the lake. Around it cluster some of the most interesting reminiscences of the past; near by arc deep waters and running brooks; from its com- manding position it looks out over the narrowing waters of Uie outlet and south to where Black Moun- Lake George. n tain stands guard over the way. A road winds through the wood and up the mountain, and woodland paths run here and there to retired nooks, or to views of vantage, with guide-boards pointing the way. The Steamboats all land on regulartrips. Small boats in variety give facilities for fishing or pleasure excursions. A cottage 150 feet above the house, and another at the lake shore, give guests a choice in alti- tudes afforded by no other ^^ hotel at Lake George. The house abounds in quaint, old fashioned furniture and brick-a-brac. Electric bells are here; an immense fireplace gives genial warmth to parlor and connecting office ; soft mountain spring water, never failing in the dryest times, is on every floor. Post-office named " Rog- ers Rock " and telegraph office are in the hotel office. Capacity 125. Rates, $3 per day ; $17.50 to $28 per week. T. J. Treadway, manager. Baldwin, 34 miles from Caldwell, ends the steamboat ride, where cars are taken lor the Champlain Steamers at Fort Ticonderoga landing. Prisoner's Isle. 79 Howe's Landing is the bit of circling beacn north of the dock. Here Abercrombie, with his army of 15,000 men, and Lord Howe, their life and moving spirit, landed on the 6th of July, 1758, and advanced toward Ticonderoga. '^ The French, who retreated as the English advanced, burned their bridges across the outlet, thus compel- ling their enemies to follow along the outer circle made by the stream as it sweeps around toward the east and south where^ it empties into Lake Cham- plain. In the valley, north of where we cross the outlet, Howe, at the head of his detachment, fell in with a jwrtion of the retreating French, and a skir- mish ensued. At the first fire the gallant young leader fell, and with him the hopes of the army. Aber- crombie sounded the recall and did not advance again until the evening of the next day ; this delay allowing the French to strengthen their defences at the old lines, and is probably the main reason for the defeat of the English at that place. Prisoner's Isle is out in the lake east of Howe's Landing. Tradition says the French used it as a prison pen. Another version of the account places the English in possession, and a party of French — taken by Abercrombie in the earlier stages of his advance on Ticonderoga, and who escaped during the night by wading ashore — their guests, and properly enough receives marked attention on account of this very interesting story. , It seems characteristic, how- ever, of the head that controlled the whole move- ment, and suggests the thought that, if this eminently sagacious and far-seeing warrior, Abercrombie, trust- 8o ed to the depth of the water to keep a drove ol Frenchmen, Hke a drove of sheep, he did not im- mediately, on discovering that they actually intended to fight, surrender himself and army to them ; but, no ! by the most profound strategy he succeeded in making a brilliant retreat, and escaped with the rem- nant of his army — consisting, then, of only about thirteen thousand men — from Montcalm's over- whelming force of thirty-five hundred! Toward the north, the lake rapidly narrows down to a mere creek, hastening to its fall, and the crystal water is discolored by the clay of the bottom. Formerly the boats ran nearly a mile further to the old dock. Here at the outlet, once when May flowers were blooming in the wood, came the martyr priest who gave it the beautiful name of St Sacrament, and was the first white man to gaze upon its beauties. A century passed, and, in 1757, another Frenchman went southward over its waters ; the first came with bible and cross preaching peace ; the second with fire and sword and a hord of savage beasts to fated Fort William Henry. The following year came Abercrombie, to be driven back while the flower of the British army lay on the bloody field of Ticonderoga, and the next year, slow but resistless in its march, came the army of Amherst, and before it, the French were swept rorthward, their hold on " the lake, that is the gate oi the country," gone forever. Lake George. 8i Mount Defiance, a little elevation east of the outlet, which can hardly be dignified by the name of mountain, commands old Fort Ticonderoga, ly- ing over on the other side, and received its name when, in 1777, Burgoyne, from its summit, trained guns on the old fort. The Upper Falls of Ticonderoga may be seen on the left as we approach to cross the outlet. It is one of the best water privileges in the country, sup- plied by a reservoir that never floods or fails. A cotton factory, pulp mills, etc., here, give employ- ment to a large number of operatives. Ticonderoga (village), three miles from Baldwin and two from Lake Champlain, contains about 1,500 inhabitants. Tiie water-power is considerable. It is prosperous and of late has made rapid strides in improvements and growing wealthy in manufac- turing interests. The Burleigh House is the b.st hotel and would be CO s c ered an excellent house anywhere. E. J. Wood, proprietor. Rates, $2.50 per day; $10 to $20 per week. It was named after Hon. H. G. Burleigh, of national fame, who owns the build- ing. It is a handsome building, with modern con- veniences, including electric bells, electric lights and steam heat. It spreads a superior table. It is near- est to Fort Ticonderoga of any house that the visitor will ordinarily care to patronize, and it is a convenient centre for many interesting drives. Next to having back the good old times when staging was the regular means of crossing from one Lake to the other, is an excursion over the historic ground in the tally-ho belonging to the Burleigh House, with the accompanying oratorical-historico- 82 TiCONDEROGA. legendry accompaniment, by the driver, which will be furnished if due notice be sent in advance to the proprietor of the hotel, or to S. C. Bailey, proprietor of the stage line. Stages will also meet the Sun- day boat at Baldwin to give such as may wish an excursion to the ruins of Fort Ticonderoga and dinner at Hotel Burleigh. Stages will run daily, Sundays excepted, from Ticonderoga to Schroon Lake, via Trinity Lakes (fare, $2.50). Leaving Ticonderoga at 1:30 p. m, arriving at Schroon Lake at 6:30. Returning next morning reach Ticonderoga at 11:30 to connect with boats on Lake George south and on Lake Champlain north. The Lower Falls of Ticonderoga, just below the village, are picturesque as well as utilitarian where they make their last leap to the level of Lake Champlain. From this point the stream is navi- gable for small steamers down to where it empties at last at the base of the historic promontory. Fort Ticonderoga (lake station) is at the east foot of Mt. Defiance, five' miles from Baldwin. Here Lake George trains connect with the Champ- lain steamer and with cars from north and south. The old fort can be seen at the north, about a mile distant from the landing. Fort Ticonderoga Hotel stands among the locusts and lombardy poplars facing Lake Champlain north- east of the ruins. It was built in 1826 by Wm. F. Pell for a summer residence and first occupied as a hotel in 1840 when the grounds were thrown open to the public. S. H. Brand, Proprietor. Distance from this point to Montreal is 142 miles, to Boston 297 miles, to Saratoga 61 miles, to New York 241 miles. LAKE CHAMPLAIN. HE first white sporting man that ever visited the Adirondacks was Samuel de Champlain, a Frenchman, who, in 1609, joined a company of native Ca- nadian tourists on a gunning expe- dition toward the south, when he fell in with a party of Iroquois, and suc- ceeded in bagging a number. Sam- uel was an enthusiastic sportsman, and of a vivacious, happy disposition, as witness his felicitous description of the manner in which he, at the first shot, brought down three out of four Abo- rigines, who broke cover, then pursued and killed some others. After this adventure, which hap- pened the same year that Hendrick Hudson sailed up the river that now bears his name, and 1 1 years before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, he wrote an account of the affair, modestly calling the sheet of water explored after himself — Lake Cham- plain. Just two centuries after his passage in a canoe, the first steamboat was launched on the lake. When Champlain came, the Indians called the lake Cani adere quarante, spelled in various ways, and gaid by learned authorities, who copy it from some one else, to mean " the lake that is the gate of the country." By the early French, who did not choose to recognize Champlain's right to the name, /'li 'fe .(-*■ * Lake Champlain. it was known as Mere les Iroquois, or " Iracosia." A book published in 1659 speaks of it as "the lake of Troquois, which, together with a river of the same name, running into the river of Canada, is 60 or 70 leagues in length. In the lake are four fair islands, which are low and full of goodly woods and meadows, having store of game for hunting. Stagges, Fallow Dear, Elks, Roe Bucks, Beavers, and other sorts of beasts." In shape it is very like a long, slim radish, with Whitehall at the little end. On the east is Vermont, sweeping away in a broad, cultivated plain, that gradually ascends to the ridges of the Green Mountains. Along the southern and central part of the lake, the rocky western shore? step down to the water's edge and backward, rise peak on peak, wild, broken, and grand — the Adirondack Mountains. Here and there are bits of cultivated land, and breaks in the mountain-gateways to the wilderness. Then, as you go north, the mountains fall away back into the interior, and a level, well-cultivated country pre- sents itself. Its length, from Whitehall to Fort Montgomery, is ioy}{ miles ; its greatest width, which is near the- outlet of Au Sable River, is 12^3 miles, anc greatest depth (at a point i^ miles southeast ol Essex Landing), 399 feet. Measuring down into Missisquoi bay, the extreme length of the lake may be found at about 118 miles. Its elevation above tide is 99 feet. It contains a number of beautiful islands, principally near the north end, the two largest known respectively as North and South Hero, and collectively as Grand Isle, a county of Vermont. W^HITEHALL. The D. & H. R. R., extending along the west shore of the lake, in an air line, between New York and Montreal, is the main artery of travel between the two great cities. At various points, rail or stage routes diverge, leading to the central portions of the wilderness. 2. Whitehall- is at the head of Lake Cham- plain; 219 miles north of New York, 78 from Al- bany. It was originally called Skeenesborough, after Col. Philip Skeene, who accompanied Aber- crombie in 1758 ; was wounded in his attack on Ticonderoga, and, after Amherst's victorious ad- vance the following year, was appointed comman- dant at Crown Point, at which time he projected the settlement. In 1765, he obtained a grant of the township, and, in 1770, took up his residence here. On the breaking out of the Revolution he took sides with the Royalists, accompanied Bur- goyne in his expedition against Ticonderoga, and was captured with him at Saratoga. His property was confiscated by act of Legislature in 1779. At Whitehall, the train from the south divides, — a part going east, the remainder north, along the principal street, through the tunnel, and across the marsh-bottomed basin, toward a notch cut out of its farther rim. Just before entering the rock-cut al- luded to, we see on the east a short double crook, in a narrow channel, known as " Fiddler's Elbow," where, under water, are the hulks of some of the ves- sels engaged in the battle of Plattsburgh in 1 8 14. On the high point of rocks just over and slightly to the north of the Elbow is Fort Putnam, where Gen- * In going south along Lake Champlain, read numbered paragraphs in re- verse order, begining at Rouse's Point, page 153. ^ Lake Champlain. 97 eral Israel Putnam lay in ambush, waiting for the French and Indians under the command of Marion. Orwell, a delightfully quiet little summer retreat with rustic environment is among the hills of Ver- mont at the east as we approach Ticonderoga. It may be reached from Wright's Station on the D. & H. (ferry across the narrow lake) or from Addison Junction, via the C. V. R. R. to Orwell station, to which a stage (fare 25 cents) runs to meet trains. Eagle Inn will accommodate 40. F. B. Kimball, proprietor. Ticonderoga (landing) is 23 miles north of Whitehall, and the junction of the line running north and south with branch road from Baldwin. See page 82. The Steamer Vermont, Captain R. Arbuckle, was designed specially for pleasure travel on this route. The boat is 271 feet long, 36 foot beam, 65 foot beam over all. It is provided with 52 state rooms for guests and pas- sen g ers. It leaves Plattsburgh at 7 A. M., and touching at inter- mediate landings, ar- rives at this point about noon. Returning, leaves on arrival of passengers from Lake George and the south. The dinners served on the steamer Vermont have been j noted for V ESTPORT POFTTMENR" TFBEOERICI CROWN POIR- 'TT1C0NDERQ6, 5>CE0AR 6EACU VEASENHCS CROWN PT RUIMS LARRABttS POINT STEAMBOAT ROUTE. years for their whole- Lake Champlain. someness, and for the plethora of good things tvith which the table is loaded. On the other hand, the appetite which a ride over Lake George or Lake Champlain gives a body is also a constant source of wonderment — and it costs just a dollar here to do justice to the one and satisfy the other. 3. The Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga can be seen on the promontory lying about one mile north of the steamboat landing. Here were enacted the principal events in the play of the lake ; here savage and civilized tribes contended for the country on either hand ; here two great nations struggled for the prize of a continent which neither could retain, and precious blood fllowed like water for this, the key to the " gate of the country," by its position elected to become historic ground. Claimed by the Hurons and Algonquins on the north, and by the Five Nations on the south, Lake Ch?.mplain was permanently occupied by neither. It 'Lay between two sections that were continu- ally at war with each other — the bloody middle ground, over which each party in its turn swept, carrying ruin in its path. This had made the lovely shores a solitude. Thus Champlain found it when, in July, 1609, ^^^ sailed south with the Indians from the St. Lawrence to make war upon their southern enemies, and " encountered a war party of the Iroquois on the 29th of the month, about ten o'clock at night, at the point of a cape which puts out into the lake on the west side." In the morning a battle ensued. Champlain says : " Ours commenced, calling me in a loud voice, and, making way for me, opened in two, a.\d placed me at their head, marching about 20 paces in advance Champlain's Battle. 99 until I was within 30 paces of the enemy. The mo- ment they saw me they halted, gazing at me and I at them. When I saw them preparing to shoot at us, I raised my arquebus, and aiming directly at one of the three chiefs, two of them fell to the ground by this shot, and one of their companions received a wound, of which he died afterward. I had put four balls in my arquebus. Ours, in wit- nessing a shot so favorable to them, set up such tre- mendous shouts that thunder could not have been heard; and yet there was no lack of arrows on one side and the other. The Iroquois were greatly as- tonished, seeing two men killed so instantaneously* notwithstanding they were provided with arrow- proof armor, woven of cotton thread and wood. They lost courage, took to flight, and abandoned the field and their fort, hiding them- selves in the depths of the forests ; whither pur- suing them I killed some others. . . . The place where the battle was fought is 43 degrees some minutes north latitude, and I named it Lake Cham- plain.'' The French claimed the country by virtue of Champlain's discovery, and in 1731, while at peace with Great Britain, they advanced to Crown Point and erected Fort St. Frederick. The English claimed this territory by right of purchase and treaty with the Five Nations. Gen- eral Johnson was sent, in 1755- to drive the French from Crown Point, but halted at Lake George, when Baron Dieskau made his famous dash around French Mountain, defeated Colonel Williams, and Lake Champlain. attacked the main army, to be defeated in turn. He then retreated to Ticonderoga, and began the erection of a fort, which he called " Carillon.'" In 1757, somewhat enlarged, it was occupied by Montcalm, who marched thence to the capture of Fort William Henry. In 1758 Abercrombie made his unsuccessful attack on the old French lines, which resulted in his total defeat, with a loss of nearly 2,000 killed and wounded. The following year Amherst entrenched before them, and the French, satisfied that they could not successfully resist him, abandoned and set fire to the works, and the English took possession in the morning. The English advanced on Fort St. Frederick, the French retreated into Canada. Amherst repaired and enlarged the Avorks at Ti- conderoga and Crown Point on a scale of great magnifi- cence, but never after was a shot from the frowning embrasures directed against an approaching foe. Peace be tween the nations soon followed and the forts were allowed to fall into a state of ni repair and were poorly garrisoned when the revolution broke out. Ticonderoga had but 50 men, all told. Fort Ticonderoga. when in the gray of the mcyrning of the loth of May, 1775, Ethan Allen and 83 of his "Green Mountain boys " stole in through the wicket gate and de- manded its surrender " in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." In 1777 the brilliant general Burgoyne with 7,500 men came from the north and laid siege to Ticon- deroga. St. Clair, who was then in command, had barely sufficient troops to man the principal works, and when the English took possession of Mt. Defi- ance, from which they could drop shot right over into their midst, he abandoned the fort, stealing away on the night of July 4th. After the capture of Burgoyne at Saratoga, the British retired into Canada, but in 1780 the old fort was again occupied by the troops under General Haldiman. Then came another enemy, silent, but resistless as the march of time — frosts to rack and tempests to beat upon the old walls, until they tot- ter and fall away, disappearing one by one, and bringing the time when naught shall remain but the name it bears, and that uncertain. Ticonderoga is the generally accepted compos- ite of a dozen or more Indian terms applied to the place, all with something of the same sound, as Tietideroga, Cheonderoga, etc., the words used by the natives meaning the covmig together or meetmg of waters'^ instead of the commonly given version of " sounding waters." Carillon, the name given it by the Frenc-k, meaning " music racket, a chime," may have been suggested by the sounding waters of the falls at the outlet of Lake George, two miles distant. * Golden, 1765. Pownell, 1774. 102 Lake Champlain. The old battery on the bluff, above the fort steamboat landing, is said to have been the original Carillon. Back on the higher ground are the bar- rack walls, trenches and bastions. On the west, beyond the outlet of Lake George, is Mount Defi- ance. Opposite the fort at the southeast, the lake is narrowed down by the near approach of Mount Independence, which was also fortified while St. Clair held command. Between the two points ran the chain, or floating bridge. The lake here turns toward the north, thus wash- ing three sides of the promontory. Among the oaks, just west of the tunnel, is the old French lines, reaching over the ridge and nearly across the peninsula. The trenches, embankments and two or three redoubts are clearly defined. Across the lo- cust-covered flat, just north of the ruins, from a point near the drawbridge, lay Ethan Allen's route in 1775. 4. Crown Point is 1 1 miles north of Ticonder. oga. On the lake-shore, are the hammpn ^''il^^^lliol furnaces of the Crown Point Iron Company,and the eastern terminus of a narrow-gauge railway, which extends back 13 miles to iron mines at Hammondville, 1,300 feet above the lake. 5. Fort Frederick is the landing at Crown Point Ruins, about 6 miles north of Crown Point village. The steamboat lands here on regular trips. The grounds have been fitted up by the Champlain Transportation Company for the accommodation of picnic parties that are brought here by their steam- boats, with a dancing pavilion, refreshment rooms. PARfl Lake Champlain. 103 platforms and open spaces for games, swings, and other innocent accessories to sport. The lake is here narrowed down by the land on which the ruins stand, on the west side, the point marked by a stone light-house, and by Chimney Point, approaching APPROACHING CROWN POINT RUINS FROM THE SOUTH. I Crown Point Light House ; 2 Port Henry ; 3 Chimney Point. from the east. At the narrowest point in the pass- age, are the scarcely visible ruins of Fort St. Fred- erick, built by the French in 1731. This point be- came a noted trading post at that time, the savages coming to exchange peltry for civilized fire-water and other necessaries. Under the protecting guns of the old fort it developed into a village of 1,500 inhabitants. Remains of cellars and flagged walks, extending back toward the west, still show signs of Its old-time prosperity. Crown Point Ruins are over at the west. The walls of stone barracks are still in a good state of preservation, and the extensive earthworks indicate the map^nitude of the fortifications. They were commenced by Amherst in 1759, and completed at an expense of ten million dollars, but never was a shot fired from them at an approaching enemy. When Ethan Allen captured Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point was garrisoned only by a sergeant and 12 men, and was taken possession of by a part of I04 Lake Champlain. Allen's men under Seth Warner. In 1777 it was occupied by Burgoyne in his triumphant march south — triumphant until he reached Saratoga. BULWAGA Bay is at the west, over beyond the peninsula on which the ruins stand. Dr. Geo. F. Bixby, of Plattsburgh, whose researches have con- firmed, or proved the falsity of, many popular beliefs concerning the early history of the Champlain Valley, believes the shores of the peninsular just west of Crown Point Ruins to be the place where Champlain encountered the Iroquois to their confu- sion ; and the cape referred to by him ^' which puts out into the lake on the west side." I 2 3 ■ ■ ■■■■- . ■ r-. . . ,. . , , 1 1, ^ ' : I CROWN POINT FROM THE NORTH. 1 Crown Point Light House ; 2 Ruins of Old Fort St. Frederick ; 3 Ruins of Crown Point Barracks. 6. Port Henry, two miles north-west of Crown Point ruins, is exceedingly picturesque. It ex- tends from the lake shore well up on the side of the mountain that rises boldly beyond, and has a num- ber of elegant private residences, occupied by the iron magnates of that section, with churches, public schools, a pretty opera house, etc. The Lee House furnishes very good accommodations. The Lake Cham- plain and Mori AH R. R. is seven miles long, extending from Port Henry to the ore beds at Mineville. 1,300 feet above. The grade is neces- Lake Champlain. 104-B sarily heavy. At one point it is 256^ feet to the mile. The average is 2 1 1 feet. The grade contains three " Y's,'' where the nature of the ascent renders a curve impracticable. 7. The Chever Ore Bed is two miles north of Port Henry, near the lake shore. 8. The Y. M. C. A. of Albany, has a summer camp on No-Mans Island, west shore, a mile south of Barber Point light house. Rules, obedience to leader, attendance at Bible study, quiet at 10 P. M. 9. Westport is a pretty little village, on a deep bay setting into f the western shore,fiftymiles north of White- hall. It is the natural g a t e- way into the mountains via Elizabethtown and Keene Valley and possesses attractions of its own that recommend it strongly to the summer visitor. The Westport Inn stands on the brow of an abrupt eminence a hundred feet above the lake overlooking the tennis lawn, shaded by fine elms, the picturesque steamboat landing, the great sweep- ing amphitheatre of hillside leading away to right and left, the circling shore of the bay and the beautiful chain of the Green Mountains across in Vermont. The house has broad piazzas and is neat and well furnished from basement to belvedere. It has cosy parlors and dining-room, with large open fire-places. The table is superior and the service most efficient. There are bath rooms and perfect drainage. Water comes from a wonderful moun- tain spring 500 feet above the lake. A number of Lake Champlain. 105 detached cottages add to the attractions, furnishing altogether accommodations for 150 guests. A livery stable under the patronage of the house, in combina- tion with picturesque drives, offer amusement in variety. If this is not enough, good boating and fishing facilities and bathing places with fine bot- tom, and convenient bath houses, are here. A circulating library, Post Office and telegraph office are near by. Mrs. O. C. Daniell, assisted by Mrs. H. C. Lyon, is in management. Rates $3.00 to $4.00 per day. By the week from $10.00 to $2I.00' Open May 15. The Richard House in the northern part of the village, is open the year round; M.A.Clark, proprietor. Ca- pacity 75. Rates $2.00 per day> $8.00 to $12.00 per week. Mr. Clark is genial and obliging. Free 'bus to boat and railroad. The " Westport," Geo. Howe, Jr., proprietor, a small hotel at the depot, must not be confounded with the " Westport Inn.'' The '* Water Lily," a small steamboat, runs from Westport to Vergennes daily, on arrival of the steamer Vermont from the south, returning in the morning to connect with the south bound boat. The Water Lily is notable among steamboats as having a lady at the wheel, in the person of Mrs. Captain Daniels, who is said to be the first and only regularly licensed lady pilot in the United States. Fare $1.00. Round trip $1.50. io6 Lake Champlain. Steamer Chateaugay, Capt. Baldwin, leaves this point at 7.00 A. M. daily, Sundays excepted, and touching at Cedar Beach, Burlington, Platts- burgh and intermediate points, arrives at North Hero at 12:15. Returnfng over the same course reaches Westport at 7:00 P. M. This boat belongs to the C. T. Co., and was launched at Shelburne Harbor, November i, 1887. It is 203 feet long, and 59 feet wide over all. Water line, 195 feet ; beam, 30 feet. The hull is of rolled steel plates, made from Chateaugay ore, with a wrought iron frame, braced in the most substantial manner, and pro- vided with water-tight compartments. The engine is a vertical-beam, jet condensing engine, 44-inch cylinder, 10 ft. stroke. The paddle-wheels are of the new " feathering " pattern, 23 feet in diameter. The joiner work is of cherry and black walnut, finished to show the natural wood. A wide-windowed din- ing-cabin is located aft on the main deck. The boat draws four and a half feet of water, ^nd will make 20 miles an hour. 10. Calamity Point is on the west, about two miles north of westport. Here the luckless steamer Champlain was wrecked in 1875 while running north on her regular night trip. The immediate cause of the disaster has never been explained, as the night was no more than ordinarily dark, but since that time, day or night when running, the pilot houses of the sister boats invariably contain two competent men. Capt. Rushlow, now general manager, was in command of the Champlain, and it was due to his self-possession that no panic ensued to lead to Lake Champlatn. 107 loss of lite. Her engine now does efficient service in tlie graceful " Horicon " on Lake George. 11. Split Rock Mountain extends along the west shore terminating in a sharp point 8 miles north of Westport. The sides toward the lake, close under which the steamer runs at times, are precipitous, and at points wild and grand. Barn Rock (a corruption probably of Barren Rock) shows the upturned edges of strata lying at a sharp angle with the surface in a bold point enclosing a deep harbor. "The Palisades," a little way north, are grand perpendicular cliffs. Rock Harbor, a mile further north, shows an " effort," where Gotham's cx-Boss, Tweed, tried his hand at digging ore. Open- ings are to be seen in the mountain side, with piles of ore below, and the buildings high up in the notch beyond. Grog Harbor — a charming little cove de- spite its name — is near the northern end of the mountain. SPLIT ROCK FROM THE NORTH. I Grand View Mt., Vt.; 2 Split Rock Light ; 3 Split Rock ; 4 Whalon's Bay. Split Rock is at the northern termination of the mountain bearing the same name. It is a rough fragment, perhaps a half acre in area, separated from the main land by a narrow passage. In the uncer- tain records of old Indian treaties, it is claimed that this rock marked the line between the tribes of the St. Lawrence and those of the Mohawk Valley. I,^ io8 Lake Champlain. also divides the honor of being the ancient " Rock Regio " with Rock Dunder, lying just south of Bur- lington. It was the unremovable monument set up by the treaty of Utrecht in 1710 to indicate the line between English and French possessions, and later accepted as the northern boundary of New York, but in the rearrangement of the geographies in the school of 1775 and 1776, the line drifted some sixty miles further north. 12. Otter Creek enters the lake from the east? something over five miles north of Westport. This is the longest river, or creek, in Vermont, and is navigable to Vergennes, whose spires may be seen some distance inland. Fort Cassin was built at the mouth of Otter Creek, and some of the works are still visible. Within the creek a portion of the American squadron was fitted out in 18 14, which, under Commodore Mc- Donough, defeated the British Commodore Downie at.Plattsburgh in September of that year. Vergennes, is eight miles back from the lake, following the course of the river, although in an air- line but little more than half of that distance. Ver- gennes is one of the oldest cities in New England, dating its organization back to 1789, and is cele- brated as the smallest incorporated city in the coun- try. It has a population of about 2,000 inhabitants, with all the honors and added dignity of a mayor and board of aldermen. The Stevens House, owned and under the management of Mr. S. S. Gaines, has accommoda- tions for about lOO guests. Telegraph, telephone and express offices are in the house. Lake Champlain. 109 13. Cedar Beach, on the Vermont shore, nearly opposite Split Rock, is a village of cottage-camps owned principally by residents of Burlington. 14. Essex, a small village on the west shore, is 10 miles north of Westport. • 15. The Bouquet River empties into the lake four miles north of Essex landing. It is navigable for about a mile. It was a rendezvous of Burgoyne's flotilla in his advance on Ticonderoga in 1777, and in 1812 was entered by British gunboats to work the destruction of the little village of Willsborough lying a mile inland. 16. Willsborough Point is a low peninsula about four miles long by one wide, separating Wills- borough bay from the main lake. " The Wills- borough " which stood here was burnt last season. The American Canoe Association, which held their annual meets here in iSgiand 1892 gather this year at Sing Sing. 17. The Four Brothers are near the middle of the lake, east of Willsborough Point. Here oc- curred the running engagement between Benedict Arnold and Capt. Pringle, in 1776, in which the English were victorious. 18. Juniper Island is northeast of the Broth, ers, with high, almost vertical walls, and surmounted by a light-house. After leaving Essex Landing the boat passes out into the broadening lake gradually nearing the Ver- mont side in the approach to Burlington. Back inland are the two highest peaks of the Green Lake Champlain. Mountains — Mansfield, 4,350 feet above tide, artd Camel's Hump, the Leon Couchant oi the French. 19. Rock Dunder is a prominent object, as we near Burlington. It is a sharp cone about 20 feet high, believed by Winslow C. Watson, the historian, to be the famous " Rock Regio, " so frequently- mentioned in colonial records, notwithstanding the counter-claims of Split Rock. The steamer usually passes close by on its east side. Pottier's Point terminates a long stretch of regular shore on the right. 20. Shelburne Harbor is east of Pottier's Point. Here are the ship-yards of the Champlain Transportation Company, and here have been built all the large boats of Lake Champlain. It is worthy of note that but one year after Robert Fulton's first steamboat was launched on the Hudson River a steamboat was built and launched at Burlington. And it could run 5 miles an hour without heating the shaft, too. La Plotte river empties into Shelburne Harbor. It is said its name was bestowed because of an in- cident of the Revolution. It appears that a party of Indians had left their canoes unguarded on the banks while making a raid on the scattered settle- ment beyond. They were finally driven back by the whites and took to their canoes for safety, but the canoes had been discovered by some prying settlers and riddled with holes which let the water in, and the settlers now proceeded to riddle the savages also. The Green Mountain Boys were very artistic about these little affairs. JLAKE ChAMPLAIN. 21. Burlington is a beautiful city of nearly 15,000 inhabitants, 80 miles north of Whitehall. It is one of the largest lumber marts in the country, standing fourth in the order of business. The firms representing a capital of $4,000,000,00. 150,000,000 feet of lumber are sold annually from the markets. Three railroads centre here — the Central Ver- mont, the Burlington & Lamoille, and the Rutland & Burlington railroad. The Champlain Transportation Company has its general offices here, its steamers running to connect with the D. & H. trains on the west shore, and to Adirondack points. The University of Vermont is located here — crowning the hill, on the weste-rn slope of which, the principal part of the city lies. Among other public buildings of interest are the Medical College, Bill- ings Library building, Vermont Episcopal Institute, St. Joseph's College, Park Gallery of Art, Fletcher Free Library, the Mary Fletcher Hospital, and the Young Men's Christian Association building. Joined to the last is the book store of S. Huntington & Co., which is one of the most complete in appointments of any store devoted to this business, outside the great cities of the country. On the high land, back of the city, overlooking Winooski Valley, is the Green Mountain Cemetery, where lies the body of Vermont's famous son, Ethan Allen. A monument of Barre granite, 50 feet in height, surmounted by a statue of Allen, marks the spot, and is a shrine often visited by ad- mirers of the Hero of Ticonderoga. 112 Lake Champlain. The principal hotels are the VAN Ness and Am- erican Houses, U. A. Woodbury, propietor, H. N. Clark, manager, and the Hotel Burlington, De laney & Harrington, proprietors. 22. Colchester Point reaches out half way across the Lake north of Burlington. Further west are Colchester reef and light-house, a blood-red light marking the outermost rock at night. Schuy- ler Island is a large cultivated island near the west shore. 23. Hotel Douglas is in the deepest curve of Corlear Bay, west of Schuyler Island, at the south of Trembleau Mountain. Capacity 6o. Rates $2.00 per day ; |8.oo to $12.00 per week. Open June 15 to October i. John L. Mock, proprietor. Post oflice address, Port Douglass. The section is wild and picturesque. Enthusastic admirers call Port Douglass the Naples of Lake Champlain. Certain trains on the D. & H. will stop during the season for which see time-tables. See also local time-table for landing of steamer. Free carriage to landing on notification. Telephone ofBce in the house. 24. Port Kent is 10 miles from Burlington. Below, the town is not attractive ; above, along the brow of the hills are several very c o m f ort- able looking houses, among them the old home of Elkan- ah Watson, the historian, Trembleau Hall, Lake Champlain. 113 a boarding house, will accommodate about 20 guests. Farrel & Adgate, proprietors. Rates un- known. The Keeseville, Au Sable Chasm & Lake Champlain Railroad runs from Port Kent to Keeseville, passing over the chasm a short distance below Rainbow Falls. The road is five miles long and was built primarily in the interests of the Au Sable Horse Nail Works at Keeseville, for the trans- portation of the material used in their business. It will be extended up the Au Sable River to Au Sable Forks, through Jay to Keene Valley, thence via Johns Brook Passover to Lake Placid. The survey has been made and it is expected the road will be in operation in 189? The Lake View House from its commanding position overlooks the long slope down to the shores of Lake Champlain toward the east, and at the west, the valley through which comes the Au Sable River, the little hamlet of Au Sable Chasm, and the head of the Gorge into which the river plunges in spray- draped Rainbow Falls. The accommodations in house and cottages are sufficient for a hundred guests but the dining capacity is practically unlimited,. Rates $2.50 per day, with special terms for the week or season. Open June i to October 15. Stop-over privileges are given passengers by rail and boat at Port Kent. The hotel carriage conveys guests to and from the Chasm station for 25 cents the round trip. W. H. Tracy, proprietor. The hotel and Chasm are under one manage- ment, and Mr. Tracy may be addressed for particu- lars relating to either. The admission to the Chasm THE GRAND FLUME. Lake Champlain. 117 is 75 cents; the boat ride 50 cents additional, in- cluding carriage back to the hotel. Large parties are admitted at reduced rates. Permanent guests of the Lake View have free access. Guides are un- necessary, as once in the Chasm, the course is plain, guide boards and signs pointing the way and calling attention to notable places until Table Rock is reached where boats are entered for the remainder of the trip. The boats are in charge of experienced men, and although exciting, the ride is attended with no danger, so the most timid need not hesitate in going. Au Sable Chasm is the Yosemite in miniature! Here the impetuous Au Sable, coming out from the mountains of the south, breaks, after many a rush and tumble, over the rocks into Au Sable Chasm, in beautiful Rainbow Falls, then hurrying down- ward through devious ways, creeping under tower- ing cliffs and resting in dark places where the sun never shines, finally emerges from the Chasm's gloom into the broader willowy way, and after many a twist and turn mingles with the quiet waters of Lake Champlain. Its walls that now stand apart, were united and solid in the past. Projections on the one side are faced by corresponding depressions on the other ; strata broken off here, are continued over there. Low down are found petrified specimens of the first orders of animal life, and ripple marks made when the rock in its plastic state was the bed of some lake or ocean ; above these, in successive layers, towers nearly a hundred feet of solid rock. Who can say what ages have passed away since ii8 Lake Champlain. the restless sea beat upon this unknown shore and left the marks of its wavelets for us to wonder at? Thought is lost away back in the eternity of '' The Beginning " when darkness was upon the face of the deep. Later, with the dawn of Creation, and in its full light the lowest of animal creatures lived their brief day and added their mite to old Ocean's bot- tom. Long ages passed away while floods swept across the uneasy world that reeled and staggered with the pulsations of its heart of fire. The Earth's thin shell bubbled up into mountain ridges and broke like crackle glass, then, cooling left its marks in ragged heights and fearful depths. Then came great glaciers, grinding uplifted points, polishing, leveling and filling up. Then the ice retreated to its northern home ; the rains descended and the floods came out of the mountains filled with great rocks and sharp flint and grinding quartz, to gnaw its way deeper and deeper into the soft rock, until in the fullness of our day is revealed the wonderland of '* The Walled Banks of the Au Sable." Admission to the Chasm is gained through " The Lodge," a picturesque building, octagonal in form, pagoda-like, unique and attractive. Within, will be found photographs, books and curios pertaining to the place. Before descending, note the queer effect the stained glassln the lodge windows gives to ob- jects seen through them, where the blue makes frosty winter, and the red the most insufferable of summers of the same objects. Rainbow Falls, at the head of the Chasm, flings its mass of water from nearly 70 feet above into the gulf below. Horse Shoe Falls is nearly opposite Lake Champlain. 121 the entrance. Note its suggestive shape from the lookout, before descending the stairs. Pulpit Rock faces us as we approach the Elbow, which is the first turn below the entrance. Split Rock shows on the left at the farthest point visible as you turn around the Elbow. The rock which stands at the left of the opening made by the splitting off of a large fallen mass is called the Elephant's Head and with the morning sun lighting up the massive front, the name does not seem inappropriate. Stop when you reach the end of the bridge that crosses here. The Devil's Oven is in the wall which shuts off our farther advance on the right of the stream. Why '* Oven" is not so clear, for if you climb the rough rocks and enter its 30 feet of depth, you will not find it the superheated place sug' gested, but rather the reverse. The same tropical imagination that conceived of this and some of the other names applied to places here, gave to the nar- row passage-way at our feet the name of Hell Gate, and looking, one does not really wonder at the fancy. From Hell Gate, rising in a great sweep heavenward, away from the rushing waters, is Jacob's Ladder. Across the bridge we go, around the rocky abut- ment toward the left, clinging perhaps to the iron railing which prevents our sliding into the water be- low, beneath overhanging rocks, over the seething water, across the bridge which spans the Devil's Punch-Bowl — pausing, perhaps, to glance into the green depths of the Fernery at our left — down across the worn rocks, then zig-zag up the side to a higher level. Here is one of the most remarkable, specimens of rock boring in the country, called THE SENTINEL. Lake Champlain. 123 Jacob's vVell, showing where some vagrant stone, caught, perhaps, in an eddy when the stream ran here, and whirled away continually, ground its way down through the strata of soft rock, until it wore itself out in vain beatings against its prison walls. Here a bridge crosses Mystic Gorge, to the Long Gallery beyond which, descending, we come to Point of Rocks. Note high up the sides of those rocks the segments of a large bowl similarto Jacob's Well, and backward the rapids which, seen from this point, in the sunshine at noon, are very beauti- ful. Opposite this point is Hyde's Cave, named after a venturesome individual, who, in 1871, let himself down by a rope from the rocks above and was the first to reach its dual entrance. Below the bridge, which leads to Hyde's Cave, on the same side of the stream, is Bixby's Grotto. Returning to the north shore, Smuggler's Pass> directly opposite the Grotto, is crossed by a bridge. You may follow along the ledge if you like and lose yourself from sight where, back from the river, this passage winds into quite a large chamber. More stairways are found as we proceed, then comes the Post Office. This post office has neither post mas- ter nor distinguishing name in the postal depart- ment, but nevertheless does a large business, pecu- liarly its own, as the observant visitor will notice. No charge is made here for drop-letter or cards, and many avail themselves of the privilege. Clinging close to the rocks protected by the iron railing we pass along high up at this point, then through the Hanginor Garden, and, descending, cross to Table Rock. 124 Lake v^hamplain. From the upper point of Table Rock look back- ward through the Upper Flume. See Column Rocks at the farthest visible point on the left, and, if the sun be right, notice the Altar-cloth hanging over the water at the right. Turning, the Anvil is before you ; partially hidden, perhaps, by the rustic canopy which has been built against it to afford shade for such as may care to take advantage of it when, for two or three brief hours in the middle of the day, the sun pours its beams down into this open space. Back of the Anvil, Cathedral Rocks rise a hundred feet above the level floor, suggesting in their broken lines, some vast cathedral's ruined towers and aisles. *'The Sentinel" stands guard at the outer corner of Cathedral Rocks. Through a cleft in the lower edge of Table Rock we descend and enter the large batteaux found waiting here for the passage through the Grand Flume and beyond. Do not fear, for these boats are strong and serviceable, to withstand the hard knocks they get at times, and in charge of stalwart boatmen who will guide us safely through the excit- ing passage below. The Grand Flume reaches from Table Rock for some distance down. Here the water runs straight away, shut in by walls that rise perpendicularly up for more than a hundred feet, while the dip of the rock-strata on either side gives one the queer sensation of running down quite a steep hill. Here, at the narrowest place, the cliffs are scarcely ten feet apart, and the sky above seems but a narrow ribbon of blue. The water seems to round up in the middle and actually to run on edge. No plummet has ever been found to sound its depths. Over this Lakk Ciiamplain. I25 spot the main road crossed years ago, and the place is spoken of now by the older inhabitants as " High Bridge." A story is told to the effect that when after a time the bridge was condemned and the plank taken off leaving only the naked log stringers stretched across, a horseman went across one dark and stormy night, unconscious of his danger at the time, although remembering afterward that as he approached in the intense darkness, his horse had hesitated, and when urged moved forward in fear and trembling. The Lower Gate-Way ends the Long Flume and ushers us into the Pool. The Sentry Box is at the right as we emerge into the open space. On the left there is a larger creavasse in which, leaning, stands the Broken Needle. At the Pool, the river turns sharply to the left and leads downward over dancing rapids where we go until, rounding to the right, we enter quiet water once more, and finally pass out into the basin where, at the landing, carriages are taken to convey us back to the hotel. It is well to have passed through Au Sable Chasm once in a life time. Such scenes make man realize the puny creature that he is, for — in the somewhat stalwart language of Will Carleton : " To appreciate Heaven well It is good for a man to have some fifteen minutes of Hell." 25. — Three miles north of the landing at Port Kent, is the sandy mouth of the Ausable River which is supposed to have suggested its name, Au- sable meaning " a river of sand." A wooded de- pression in the ground above shows the course of the river. Across from this is the widest uninter- rupted portion of the lake, being here a little more 126 jLAKe Champlain. than ten miles in width. Measuring down into Mallett's bay brings the distance to about 13 miles. 26. Valcour Island is about six miles north of Port Kent, the steamer passing between it and the main land on the west. Here, Oct. 11,1776, occurred the first naval engagement of the Revolu- tion, between the British, commanded by Captain Thomas Pringle, and the Americans under Benedict Arnold. The British plan was to send a fleet from the north to capture Ticonderoga and clear the way for a junction with the army of the south, that should come by way of the Hudson. Early in the spring they began the construction of ships at St. Johns, and the last of September the fleet — consist ing of a three-masted vessel carrying eighteen guns, and two schooners with thirteen guns each, with smaller vessels, twenty-nine vessels in all, mounting eighty-nine guns, manned by picked seamen and practiced gunners — moved south to the attack. When it became known that preparations of this nature were in progress at St. Johns, Arnold was commissioned to construct vessels to oppose them. Massing all possible help and material at Skenes> borough (now Whitehall), he set about the work with tremendous energy, and in August put afloat a num- ber of flat-bottomed sailing craft and row galleys, carrying altogether 84 guns and 152 swivel-guns. The largest of these vessels was the " Royal Savage," a two-masted schooner carrying fourteen guns. With this force Arnold sailed north, going as far as Windmill Point, then returning, took up a position in the narrow channel between Valcour Island and the main land. r The British fleet, running before the strong: north Lake Champlain. 127 wind, passed on the outside of the island and some distance beyond, before discovering the position of the Americans. So severe was the wind that the larger vessels could not be brought back to attack and only some of the smaller ones with the schooner, Carleton, finally succeeded in getting into position. The engagement continued most of the afternoon during which the "Royal Savage" was disabled, and drifting on the rocks was abandoned. Puring the night it was set on fire by the British and sunk. Portions of the hull can yet be seen when the water is still, resting on the bottom where it then went down. The attacking vessels were recalled and an- chored in line at the south, to cut off the retreat of the Americans. During the night, however, the Americans slipped through the British line and in the morning were discovered making industrious tracks toward the south and safety. The British pursuing, overhauled Arnold near the Four Brothers and a running fight ensued which demonstrated the superiority of the British vessels and gunners. ~ The remnant of the American boats, almost disabled, was grounded in a bay on the Vermont shore near Panton and set on fire, and Arnold and his men made their way through the woods to Crown Point. In these engagements, although defeated, Arnold acquitted himself In such a manner as to win the admiration of his enemies and the approval of his superior officers. Benedict Arnold was born in Norwich, Conn., Jan. 3d, 1741, and died in London, June 14, 1801. As a youth, turbulent ; as a soldier, ambitious, bold to rashness and jealous of his fel- low officers ; dishonest ; the transition from discon- tented rebel to infamous traitor was easy. He was 128 Lake Champlain. a brilliant commander— his fall was like that ot Lucifer. Valcour Island was the spot selected for " a com. munal home, based on the principles of social sci- ence,'* where the *' Dawn Valcour Community " dawned on the astonished world of 1874, grew into a mighty power (on paper), with *' Col." John WiL cox to furnish the intellectual, and " Uncle " Owen Shipman the temporal home ; where congenial spirits, were invited to commingle in promiscuity, but all too soon were on the ragged edge of individuality, while the musical auctioneer warbled over the odds and ends that remained to satisfy outside demands. In the words of one of its leading members, the thing " busted ;" and the " Dawn " was merged into twilight, to furnish another lesson on the practica, bility of free love. 27. Hotel Champlain, the superb, is seen on the bold headland that puts out from the west shore just north of Valcour Island. It does not come upon you suddenly, as a revelation. You have seen it over the lake for miles back on your course, before the steamer had touched at Burlington, per- haps, or from the car window as the reeling train swung around Trembleau Mountain nearly ten miles away, and at intervals ever since as the road wound in and out along the shore. Now, as you approach, its magnificent proportions come out in grand re- lief against the sky. " Commanding " is not misapplied here. The hotel stands on a height that breaks away abruptly in all directions for a space, then in gentler slope reaches the level of the lower shores north and south, the water on the east, and the valley toward I.AKE CHAMPLAIN. 1 29 the west where the trains on the D. & H. flash like gleaming shuttles through the vari-tinted web of cul- tivated fields and cross-line country roads. Long colonades ; broad piazzas conforming to the sweUing contour of facing, east, south and west ; breezy porticos, and balconies, hung along its sides or perched high up on tower and sharply sloping roof, give grace and lightrtess to the structure that rises above the tops of the trees crowning the rugged bluff. Distance gives to it the lightness of a castle built of straws, the closer view reveals it solid and substantial as the most realistic could wish. At a moderate elevation it commands in an un- broken circuit a panorama that for picturesque va- riety and beauty is equaled perhaps nowhere in the country. Having no near mountain heights to dwarf its own strong setting, it looks out from its own native wilderness over land and water diversified and changeful. It is restful, rather than overpower- ing with great heights and dismal depths. Right and left runs the valley with its checker-board of field and woodland ; its network of roads ; its quaint farm buildings gathered here and there in little knots that form hamlets and prosperous villages, and beyond, hills rising into the ranges of the Adiron- dacks that stretch across, pointed at intervals with the grander mountain peaks. Toward the southeast a splendid road winds through the trees to the dock where busy life attends as the steamers come and go. East a broad swathe has been cut out through the green trees down to the water's edge, ■vhere gleam the beach of ''The Singing Sands" circling in a broad belt toward the south, between the restless water and the thick growing cedars. Lake Champlain. i3^ Towards the north are perpendicular cliffs that attain quite a height — the bluffs which undoubtedly gave to the point its name. They are cleft asunder at^one place and made memorable by the tradition of the White Squaw and the Bloody Hand that left its marks on the walls, and later as the place where smugglers successfully landed their stores free from suspicion because of its seeming inac- cessibility, to those who were not in the secret. Valcour Island lies like a garden below, bordered with its varying belt of shrubbery. Beyond stretches the broad lake, dotted here and there with islands to the shores of Vermont, the Green Moun- tains beyond rising into the heights of Camel's Hump and Mount Mansfield. North and east are Grand Isle and the Great Back Bay ; at the north Cumberland Head, the sweeping circle of Piatt s- burgh Bay where occured that splendid naval battle of 1814— the last, as the battle of Valcour was the first, with the mother country — and nearer, the little island where sleep the dead of that eventful day. Within the hotel is found everything that apper- tains to a — oh much and ill-used term — first-class house. Every modern appliance tending to the comfort of guests will be found here. Its manage- ment will undoubtedly be all which time and ex- perience has shown to be the most acceptable to the traveled public, for O. D. Seavey, of the Ponce de Leon, St. Augustine, Florida, is at its head. Excursions may be made by steamboat from this point south to Ticonderoga, or north among the is- lands and on to the fishing grounds of the Lake. A fleet of boats ranging from the light Whitehall skiff 132 Lake Champlain. to the dainty little steam yacht, are here for charter. Drives are many and varied, and equipages here to suit all occasions. The distance from New York is 308 miles ; fare $8.05. To montreal, 'j'j miles ; fare D. & H. RAILROAD STATION. $2.71. Quick and convenient train service will be maintained throughout the season north and south. Trains on the Chateaugay Railroad leave in the morning, arriving at Saranac Lake and the various hotels reached by the Chateaugay Railroad in time for dinner. -}i miles from Gor- don's Landing. Capacity about 50. Open all the year. ** Island House," C. S. Keeler, proprietor. P. O., South Hero. Four miles from Gordon's ; fare $1.00. Capacity 20. ''Locust Grove," H. Kibbe, proprietor. Six miles from Gordon's. Ca- pacity about 30. *' Martin Brothers" are near Locust Grove, and will accommodate 12. Eagle Camp on Rockwell's Bay is the summer place of Prof. George W. Perry, State Geologist, of Rutland, Vt., who brings a class of his boys here annually for summer outing. 140 Lake Champlain. Ladd's Landing is at the northern extremity of the island. Alfred Ladd will provide for 15 guests ; Mrs. Julia Childs for 12. P. O., Grand Isle, Vt. North Hero extends northerly from South Hero, to which it is connected at Ladd's, by a swing bridge. The Post Office is North Hero, on the east side of the island about four miles from its south end. Steamer lands regularly through the summer. Boarding houses are as follows : Mrs. C. E. Darrow, on Hubbard's Bay, Ij4 miles north of Bow and Ar- row Point ; Mrs. H. W. Allen at the hamlet of North Hero ; open June 1st to October, with capac- ity for about 10 ; Nicholas Hale near by, with ac- commodations for ten or a dozen ; Mrs. Ruth Mc- Bride on the east shore, three miles north of the steamboat landing, will take care of 12 ; J. N. Par- ker will provide for 20, a half mile further north. Isle LaMotte is 9 miles north of Cumberland Head. It is 5^ miles long by about ij^ wide. About its southern extremity are valuable black marble quarries. On its west shore, midway, is the site for a fort, built in 1812, and near its north end the ruins of Fort St. Anne, built in 1866. The post office, located centrally, is Isle LaMotte, Vt. Communication with the New York shore is had by ferry to Chazy Landing and to Alburgh Tongue by bridge at the north end. The Island House is here, midway of the island, where the road runs to the four points of the com- pass. Capacity 15. Rates, $1.25 per day; $7.00 per week. Open all the year. H. H. Hill, pro- prietor. Stage from Alburgh Station, 6 miles, 50 cents. Summer boarders are also taken at the Lake Champlain. 141 houses of E. S. Fleury and N. W. Fisk, on the west side, and Cyrus Holbrook, N. G. Hill and M. Phelps, on the east side, in the southerly part of the island. At the northern part, on the west, doors are thrown open by D. T. Trombly, M. Carron, Wm. H. Yale and Wm. F. Hill, the last at the light-house, while the east side, north, is represented by the houses of C. G. & E. S. Holcomb and W. D. Osborn— all of which address at Isle LaMotte, Vt. Alburgh Springs is near the east shore of Al- burgh Tongue, a mile north of Alburgh Station, seven miles east of Rouse's Point. Its sulphur and lithia springs attract visitors who bathe in, and drink the waters. Hotels are the Alburgh Springs House and the Mansion house. Rates, $2.50 to $3 per day. The Great Back Bay is a revelation. It might remain undiscovered for years by the voyager through from north or south if not especially sought for. It is revealed in its broad beauty and entirety only from the hills that compass it about on the east. Glance at the map and you will note that it forms by considerable the larger body of the lake at its north end. It is entered through the narrow passage between North and South Hero Is- lands or through the long, slim passage at the north. Away at the south it stretches, cut across, finally by Sand-Bar Bridge; at the north the open water is dotted with numerous small islands ; east St. Albans Bay enters deep into the main land, flanked and guarded by outstretching points and islands. This is noted fishing water and its shores favorite camping grounds. Some of these camps are for hire and some go only by favor. 142 Lake Champlain. Camps along this shore to let are owned respect- ively by Zeb. Everest, Aldis Martin and Charles Rich. Summer boarders are taken by W. B. Hal- bert, George Youngers and A. Lazelle and Rocky Point Hotel, on St. Albans Point. Address at St. Albans Bay. St. Albans is a characteristic Yankee town, hav- ing a more cosmopolitan air, however, than most New England villages, due largely to the fact that the construction and repair shops of the Central Vermont R. R. are located here. The lower part of the town, in the vicinity of the railway station, is level ; but the land soon rises, and the principal business street, with the pleasantest part of the town, is built upon a gently sloping hill overlooking Lake Champlain, 2^ miles distant. A spacious park emphasizes the focal part of the town. It is spangled with pathways leading beneath fine elms almost as dense and stately as those of the storied aisles of classic New Haven. The Welden is the chief hotel of the town. Aldis Hill, an elevation near the town, commands the ranges of the Adirondacks and Green Mountains, and a wide stretch of Lake Champlain. The ride to Bellevue, a winding hillside road, leading to the top of a neighboring eminence, gives one of the most extensive views in the State. Samson's Lake View House is on the lake shore three miles north of St. Albans Point. P. O., Lake View House, Vt., H. L. Samson, proprietor. Capacity of house 50. Rates on application. Lake Champlain. 143 Hotel Champlain, of the east, is at the north end of the *' Great Back Bay " locally known as '' Maquam," the Western terminus of the St. J. & L. C. R. R. Close connections are made at Swanton with trains for Boston and New York. Excellent fishing is found here, yielding small mouthed black bass, pickerel, pike and muscallonge. Fishing boats, experienced guides and all necessaries for sport can be had here during the fishing season. Pleasant drives lead back into the country and south along the lake shore. This is the original ** Hotel Champlain'' and not to be confounded with its new neighbor on the west shore. Rates, $2.50 per day; $9 to $14 per week. Open June 1st. C. F. Smith, proprietor. P,, O. Maquam, Vt. Telegraph office in the house. Continuing northward around Hog Island (made an island by the united waters of Maquam and Charcoal Creeks) the spreading delta of the Missis- quoi River is found where the ** Swanton Gun Club " go regularly into camp. From this point is seen the noble expanse of Missisquoi Bay, 4 miles wide, and extending down into the Dominion of Canada an equal distance. HiGHGATE Springs is on the shore of the bay, backward southeast from the Delta. It is 14 miles north of St. Albans and about two miles south of the Canada line. The Franklin House and cottages standing here furnish excellent accommodations for 150 guests. Judson L. Scott, proprietor. Board $2.50 to $3.00 per day. Post and telegraph offices in the house. The attractions are duck-hunting Lake Champlain. and fishing. The place is attractive, the fare and accommodations excellent, and the mineral water-^ ah, that water ! it should be tasted to be appreciated. It has been analyzed and the man survived ! Any- way, the spring houses look nice in a picture. MlSSISQUOi Park is a few rods north of the sta- tion on the shore of Missisquoi Bay. Nature has been lavish of her favors here. The grounds are broken into delightful forms, shaded by far spread- ing butternuts, elms — graceful as weeping willows — and cedars, twisted and shaggy. Velvety sward and richly colored rocks and ledges, cropping out, com- plete the picture, and the Central Vermont railroad has enhanced its beauties by making its enjoyment possible. It has encouraged Nature by building cozy seats through Lovers' Lane, and opening up se- cluded walks under the trees. It has built . swings for two, of the kind worked by its occupants, with no one to interfere, and it has furnished the time- honored, inevitable dancing pavilion and nickle- drawing refreshment rooms. On the whole, the place is delightful, and is appreciated by the im- mense excursions that come from the north, south and east to enjoy its favors. And here we must say good-bye, and — whether your course leads westward to the sparking waters that mirror the Thousand Islands ; to the splendors that cluster around Mount Royal ; to the quaint places of Quebec, or eastward, to where you lose yourself among the mighty fastnesses of the White Hills of New Hampshire— wish you many happy seasons yet to come and ^* Bon voyage'' INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. Sections and Subjects Alphabetically Arranged. ADIRONDACK HOTELS.-St. Hubert's Inn, 163. AL- BANY, Hotel Kenmore, 161. GLENS FALLS, Rockwell House, 154. ATI SABLE CHASM, Lake View, 162. LAKE CHAMPLAIN, AuSable Chasm, 162 ; Hotel Champlain (Bluff Pt.), 165 ; Hotel Champlain (Maquam Bay), 154 ; Hotel Douglas, iSi ; Lake House (Crown Pt.), 160 ; Westport Inn, 154. LAKE GEORGE, Arlington, 155 ; Central House, 155 ; The Crosbyside, 156; Hundred Island, 158 ; Island Harbor, 158; Kattskill, 155 ; Lake House, 155 ; Lake View, 156 ; Locust Grove, 156; Marion House, 157 ; Pearl Point, 157 ; Rogers' Rock,^i59 ; Trout House, 159. SARATOGA, (see pages in Saratoga department of this book), Albemarle, 47 ; Congress Hall, 47 ; Elmwood Hall, 46 ; Dr. Hamilton's, 46 ; Dr. S. E. Strong's, 49 "» United States, 46 ; Windsor, 48 ; Worden, 46. TICONDEROGA, Burleigh House, 160. PASSENGER RATES from New York, 171. RAILROADS.— Central Vermont, 157; Chateaugay, 169; Delaware & Hudson, 168 ; Fitchburg, 172 ; New York Central & Hudson River, 170 ; Union Electric, 47 Saratoga side. STAGES- — Ticonderoga & Schroon Lake, 159. STEAMBOATS.— Citizens' Evening Line, 152 ; Clyde Line to Florida, 173 ; Hudson River Day Boats, inside cover Saratoga side of book ; People's Line, 164 ; Lake George, 152-153 ; Lake Champlain, 153. GLENS FALLS.— B. B. Fowler. Cloaks, Carpets, Dry Goods, 149-B ; Hotel, 151 ; Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, 150 ; Terra Gotta and Brick Co., 151 ; Business Cards, 147-151. LAKE GEORGE.— Business Cards, 155 ; Books and Pictures, 178 ; Lake George Assembly, 156 ; " Lake George Mirror," 151. SARATOGA Real Estate, 48 Saratoga side. PHOTOGRAPHIC— List of Views, 179 ; Outfits— Eastman's Kodak Company, 167 ; Publications— Photographs, 146-1. BOOKS AND PERIODICALS.— Adirondacks, 177-178; Adirondack News, 174 ; Fc^rest and Stream, 166 ; N. Y. C. & H. R. R. Illustrated Catalogue, 170 ; Gameland, 164 ; Summer Homes, 164 ; ADIRONDACK LECTURE, 175-176. MAPS.— Adirondack Wilderness, 180, CONGRESS WATER, 181. ** THE ADIRONDACKS AND THEM GLORIFIED," {From the New TorJc Mail and Express J^une 9th, 1894,) "Close Upon the heels of Murray came S. R. Stoddard, with his camera, his note book and his brush, all of which he has used continuously for twenty- three years to make the fame of the Adirondack Wilderness known to the outside world. Stoddard has done even more than Hurray to publish the results of his discoveries, for in guide books, on his maps, in his marvelous photographs, on the lecture platform, on the screen, in poetry and in song, he has for nearly a quarter of a century preached the Adirondacks, and them glorified." ® GLENS FALLS BUSINESS HOUSES. ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. AWNINGS— W. B. Tearse, Tents, Canopies, Awnings, Boat Cushions, etc., on hand or furnished at short notice. BOOKS.— P. P. Braley & Co., 133 Glen Street. Booksellers and Siationers, dealers in wall paper, window shades, artists' goods, zephyrs, hammocks, lawn tennis, croquet, etc. Crittenden & Cowles, Books, Stationery, Fancy Goods, and High Art Wall Papers. Oldest house of the kind in Warren County. Business established in 1868. BOOTS AND SHOES.— Hartman & Everest, Crandall Block, Monument Square. Boots, shoes, rubbers, leather and findings, with a line of speciahies in E. C. Burt's and Gray Brothers fine work. Long Bros., 85 Glen St. (store known as " The Albany shoe store ' ;, carry a full line of Boots and Shoes and sell them cheap. Their leading Ladies' shoe is the John Kelly Line ; also the Fanner & Spinner shoes. Order a pair by mail. They pay all postage and guaiantee satisfaction. CARRIAGES.— Glens Falls Buckboard Co., D. L. Robert- son, President ; W. B. Griffin, Sec y and Treasurer. Patentees and Manufacturers of Art Buckboard s, Warren Street. Nelson LaSalle, manufacturer of fine light carriages and sleighs, including the combination buck-board wagon. Special attention given to repairing in all branches. 36 Glen Street. , CATERER.— Anthony Shaffer, Caterer, Baker and Confec- tioner. Creams and Ices constantly on hand. Wedding and re- ception orders promptly filled. Shell oysters in season. CONFECTIONER Y.^David H. Hall, wholesale and retail confectioner. Fine goods a specialty. Jobber in choice cigars. Sole agent for "Marie Antoinette" and " Great Republic " cigars. CLOTHING.— Dennis McLaughlin, Merchant Tailor, 141 Glen Street, (2d floor). All garments made up in first-class style. Satisfaction guaranteed. D. E. Peck, popular clothier and hatter, 10 Warren St. Men's, youths', boys' and children's tailor-fiiting clothing, hats, caps, umbrellas, canes, hammocks, and gents' furnishing goods. Head- quarters for trunks, travelling bags, &c. Rochester Clothing Co., Glens Falls, N. Y. Fine Clothing a specialty. Young Men's Christian Association Building, Glen Street. 148 Glens Falls Business Cards. DENTISTS —Dr. James S. Garrett, Opera House Block. Established in 1874. Dr. L. H. Graves, S. W. Cor. Glen and Exchange Sts. For two years Teacher of Operative Dentistry at the University of Pa. Difficult cases soMcited. DIAMONDS.— L. P. Juvet. Fine stones a specialty. DRUGS.— Ames & Baldwin, chemists and druggists, 150 Glen Street. Physicians' Prescriptions a specialty. Finest and best equipped Drug Store in northern New York. Mail orders will receive prompt attention. Ferris & Viele, Leading Druggists, 124 Glen St. Specialties. Wallace & Co.'s choice confections ; Palmer's perfumes, artist's materials, colored fires, etc. Prescriptions leceive especial at- tention. Leggett & Peddie, Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 137 Glen Street. Dealers in paints, oils, window ^lass, and artists' ma- terials, tobacco, snuff and cigars, timothy, clover and garden seeds, etc. Reuben N. Peck» 8 Warren Street, druggist and apo'hecary. Specialties in patent medicines, perfumery, paints, oils, glass, etc. DRY GOODS.— The Boston Store Company. Leading and largest dry goods and millinery establishment in northern New York, 139 and 141 Glen Street. Particular attention paid to mail orders. Byron B. Fowler, Exchange Building, 130 Glen Street. Dry goods, carpets, cljafcs, laces, gloves, etc. Goodson Bros., dealers in drv goods. Sell strictly for cash. One price to eveeybody and that price the same every day in the week. 23 Ridge street. ELECTRICIAN.— Geo. E. Adams & Co. See hardware. Electric lighting apparatus, electric bells, annunciators for hotels and every description of electric work put in and repaired. EYE SPECIALIST.— L. P. Juvet, Oculist. Prescriptions given for all errors of refraction. FURNITURE.— Chamberlin Furniture Company. Oil Cloths and Carpets. General Household Goods, Stoves, etc., 75 and 77 Glen Street. Charles 0. Howe. Furniture of every description for the cottage or the palace. Picture framing, spring beds, mattresses, pillows, etc. Monument Square. Largest stock and warerooms in town. Wilmarth & LaSalle, 15 and 17 Ridge Street ; furniture and undertaking. Cottage furniture a specialty. Folding cots, piazza chairs, etc. This house having been in business in this place for fifty-two years, is competent to meet all requirements of its cus- tomers. Glens Falls Business Cards. 149 GROCERIES— J. C. Kelly, 13 Ridge Street, Retail dealer in high class groceries. Pure teas, coffees and spices a specialty. Fresh canned goods of every description. Has exclusive sale of Larrabee's breads. John S. Powers, deader in fine groceries, teas and coffees. Wholesale and retail fruit dealer. Fine butter, fresh eggs, best cheese, olives and table luxuries, tobaccos and cigars. Sole agents for Autograph flour. Boston coffee. i8 Warren street and 34 South street. Smith & Horton, fine groceries, choice teas, coffees, flour and creamery butter. Canned goods a specialty. Crandall Block, Monument Square. W. H. Stewart & Co. A full line of fancy imported and do- mestic groceries constantly on hand. We make a specialty of hotel and cottage trade, and are always in a position to name prices that will insure a saving over any competitors. Send for catalogue, 126 Glen Street. HARDWARE.— Geo. E. Adams & Co., dealers in Andes stoves and general hardware. Plumbing, steam heating, gas fitting, etc, Stillwell & Allen, 134 Glen Street. Hardware, stoves, pumps, refrigerators. Rope and cordage. Moth-proof carpet paper, etc. HARNESS.— W. B. Tearse, 18 Exchange Street. Riding outfits and harness of every style and variety. Everything usu- ally kept in the line of horsemen's goods. JEWELRY.— L. p. Juvet, finest and largest stock in North- ern New York. H. E. Floyd, watchmaker and jeweler. Repairing a specialty. Fountain Square, cor. Warren and R'dge Street, James E. Thompson, Watches, Jewelry and Silver Ware. Repairing a specialtv, 85 Glen Street. LIVERY.— H. R. Leavans & Co., Ridge Street, Glens Falls. Farm wagons, robes, horsemen's outfitters. MARKETMEN.— J. N. Curvo, dealer in fresh and salt meats, fish, oysters, clams, vegetables, canned goods of all kinds. Butter and eggs a specialty. 83 Glen Street, opp. Park Street. Telephone rail. Corbett & Callahan, dealers in choice meats, fresh and salt fish, vegetables, canned goods, etc. New market, corner South and Elm Streets. MILLINER.— Mrs. H. W. Mason, fashionable millinery, hair goods, Ladies', Misses' and Children's underwear, hosiery, corsets and infants' clothing, No. 125 Glen Street. STEAM BOILERS.-G. E. Adams & Co., 145 Glen Street. Manufacturers of Adams' Pattern Safety Water Tube Steam Boilers for Yachts and Steamboats. SPECTACLES AND EYE-GLASSES, fitted to the eyes by scientific methods. L. P. Juvet. / * ^ t-^^ .^^1^^^^ * "FOWLER Is a household word throughout Northern New York. A quarter of a century of upright dealing, backed up by the largest stock kept outside of the large cities, has made him the ac" knowledged leader in Dry Goods, Carpets and Cloaks, for the season of 1894. He has added a large ^ „ ^ ^ store and filled it to over- "^ ' flowing with the best quality of Domestic Goods. Linens, Wash Goods of all descriptions, Hosiery, Under- wear, Kid Gloves, &c. 149B In Our - - ■ Cloak Department, (Now one of the finest in the State and upon the ground floor), We are showing the most complete line of all the Novelties as fast as they appear. © ® © © ^' Our Carpet Department - ■ ■ - - - Cannot be Equalled. It embraces all the best makes of Axminster, Weltons, Moquettes, Body Brussels, Tapestry Brussels, Ingrains and Mattings. Special Prices Made to Hotels. We send samples of all kinds of goods from which samples can be cut. Our Mail Order Department is so thoroughly systemized as to insure prompt attention. 130 & 132 Glen Street, GLENS FALLS, NEW YORK. 149c ^-JOSEPH FOmiiEt^,-^ 5fiirt @ (ollar (o. Manufacturers OF Negligee and White Shirts. Men's Linen Collars and Cuffs. Paper Boxes. W FACTORY AND LAUNDRY AT M Glens Falls, H- "^- " 150 ROCKWELL HOUSE Largest and best hotel in Glens Falls. Capacity loo. Rates, $3 per day. Special for Week or Season. Many improvements have been made during the year. Complete system of Hot Water Heating. NO CHARGE FOR HEATING PRIVATE ROOMS IN COLD WEATHER. C. L. ROCKWELL, Manager. GLENS FALLS Terra Cottai Brick Co. J. M. COOLIDGE, President. CHARLES SCALES, Superintendent. The Lake George Mirror ^^ «"« of the hand- •^ somest watering place journals published. Its pages are devoted to light read- ing of the most approved watering place gossip. No scandal. If you wish to reach the best bred people or read all the news on Lake George, you cannot do better than subscribe or ad- vertise in the LAKE GEORGE MIRROR. Subscription to the MIRROR, $1.00 for season, paid in advance. The MIRROR is published for fifteen weeks from the first of June until the middle of September. W. H. TIPPETTS, Editor and Publisher. Address, November to June, Glens Falls, N. Y. Address during the months June to November, The Lake George Assembly, Lake George, N. Y. Prince AreneZeba, ^ romance of Lake George. ^ 'By Jerome Cabal. Paper, 25 cents. Cloth, Ir.oo. W. H. TIPPETTS, Publisher. 151 The "Mohican" Will leave Fort William Henry Pier, for PARADISE BAY, twice daily, in the morning at g:;© and upon arrival of the morning train, and again at 2:30 p. M.; returning at i and 6:50 p. M. The Mohican will make all intermediate landings on signal. Fare the round trip, from any landing on the route, 75 cents. The Mohican can also be chartered for moonlight and special excursions of every description. Saturday, the Mohican will leave the Fort William Henry- Pier after arrival of evening train (about 7:30) and run to Pearl Point, making all landings on signal. Returns Monday mornings to connect with fast train south (about 6:50 A. M.) Sunday excursions morning and afternoon. (Citizens' Line Steamers,P. A.. 164 "The Hotel Champlajn" (LAKE CHAMPLAIN.) On the line of the Delaware & Hudson R. R., Three fliles South of Plattsburgh, N. Y. THE SURERB SUnnER HOTEL OF THE NORTH. The northern tour is not complete without a visit to the '' Cham- plain," the most desirable and convenient stopping place en-route. Strictly First-Class. O. D. SEAVEY, nanager, 165 sportsmen Never Enlarge the Truth More enthusiasticallyltlian'wlien'telling of the antlers the old buck carried off, or of the big fish that got away. But about a thing in hand exaggeration is less easy ; it speaks for itself— for just what it is. (the weekly journal or fishing and shooting.) Stands that test. We cannot begin to tell you all its good points. It speaks for itself. You will like its breezy sketches of sport with rod and reel and dog and gun ; its stories of camp life, its accounts of tramp and cruise. A sk your dealer for the current number or send to us. Sample copies, 10 cents. Per Year, $4.00. We will send free (on mention of this advt.) our illustrated Catalogue of best books on Shooting, Fishing, Camping, Yachting, Canoeing, Boat Building, Dog Training, Natural History, Outdoor Life and Field Sports. Address FOREST AND STREAM PUB. CO., 318 Broadway,N. Y. 1 66 ^^^^ Take x. KODAK %:%mgg With You On Your Vacation Trip. EASTMAN KODAK CO., KODAKS, ROCHESTER, N. Y. $6.00 to $100.00. Send for Catalogue. 167 The f/ Delaware *fi & Hudson Railroad. The Leading Tourist Line of America. The SHORTEST and MOST PICTURESQUE route BETWEEN New York and Montreal. THE ONLY DIRECT ROUTE TO Saratoga, Lake George, Lake Champlain, Hotel Champlain, Adirondack Moun- tains, Au Sable Chasm, Hound Lake, Howe's Cave, Sharon Springs, Cooperstown, and the unique Crvavity H, R, LOW PRICE EXCURSION TICKETS TO ALL THE FAMOUS LAKE AND MOUNTAIN RESORTS are on sale at the Company's offices in Albany, Troy and Saratoga during the season of pleasure travel. H. G. YOUNG, J. W. BURDICK, 2d Vice-Prest., Albany, N. Y. General Passenger Agent. i6S ^894' — THIC ■ 1894 BETWEEN PLATTSBURGH and SARANAC LAKE, TO THE Adirondack Mountains, IN CONNECTION WITH THE DELAWARE AND HUDSON RAILROAD. THE ONLY LINE TO Chazy, Chateaugay and Saranac Lakes and Lake Placid, Which takes the traveler for nearly one hundred miles along the beautiful shores of Lake Champlain. Drawing Room Cars on all Trains Wagner Palace Sleeping Cars on all Night Trains, and Wagner Drawing Room Cars on all Day Trains between NEW YORK and PLATTSBURGH. Tickets, Sleeping and Drawing Room Car Accom- modations, and Baggage Checked from all Stations. After June 25th, trains will be run through to Lake Placid without change. J. N. STOWER, M. L. FRENCH, Supt., Gen'l Manager. Platlsburgh, N. Y. 169 xxxxxxxxxxx; xxxxxxxxxxx: y A Beautiful Book for 4 Cents. A COPY OF THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of the "Four-Track Series" New- York Central Books and Etchings will he sent to any address free, postpaid, on receipt of two 2-cent stamps hy George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent Grand Central Station, New-York. Send also foi " Health and Pleasure on America's Greatest Railroad." 538 pages, 300 illustrations. Pronounced hy com- petent judges the finest hook of its character ever issued— five 2-cent stamps. " Fishing Among the Thousand Islands." 56 pages, beautifully illustrated with new half-tone engravings and diagrams locating all the choice fishing grounds of the St. Lrwrence; also all about tackle and fishing— five 2-cent stamps. NOW READY. 170 PASSENGER RATES FROM NEW YORK VIA New York Central Hudson River Railroad AND CONNECTING LINES. NOTE.— Through tickets to the following points are on sale at all New York Offices of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. Excursion tickets are issued at prices given in the column c f figures under " And Return." For further information apply to George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station, New York. And XO Return. Montreal 10.00 17.50 Via Lake George. .11.50 19.00 North Creek 5.94 1100 Northville 4.78 Paul Smith's 9.55 17.25 Plattsburgh 8.00 14.75 Port Kent 7.60 14.00 Potsdam 9.21 Raquette Lake....lO 20 19.50 Riverside 5.70 10.50 Rome 5.30 Rouse's Point 8.70 15 35 Saratoga 4.20 7.50 Saranacinn 9.05 16.75 Saranac Lake . . . (lower) 8.80 16.00 Schroon Lake. . . . 7.45 14.00 Troy S.15 6.10 Westport 6.81 12.45 *During the season a Special Excursion Ticket is issued for $8.50, good on Saturday to Caldwell, and return on or Doiuie the following Monday. tDuring the season a Special Excursion Ticket is issued for $10, good for four days from date of purchase. And TO Return. $3.10 $6.08 Ausable Chasm . . . 7.85 14.25 Blue Mountain Lake8 95 17.00 "^Baldwin 6.70 12.65 *Caldwell . 5.55 10.30 DeKalb Junction. . 8.61 Elizabethtown — . 7.80 14.50 Forked Lake .10.70 20.50 Fort Ticonderoga. . 5.95 Glens Falls . 4.80 8.80 Gouverneur . 8.21 Lake Placid . 9.80 17 75 *Lake George . 5.55 10.30 Through and return via Ticonderoga. 12.65 Loon Lake 8.80 16.00 Lake Luzerne (Had- ley) . . 4.86 8 80 Malone .. 9.02 ^— THE— «■ HOOSAC TUNNEL ROUTE, IS n 36 MILES SHORTER 36 ^ Tlian any other Line from • SARATOGA • BOSTON, WORCESTER, Seaside Resorts, and all points East. DURING JULY, AUGUST and SEPTEMBER, THE SARATOGA SPECIALS Composed of Vest ibu led Parlor Cars, Coaches, Smoking and Baggage Cars will be run daily (except Sundays) through from Saratoga to Boston without change, giving patrons a delightful ride through the Beautiful Deerfield Ualley. Further particulars, tickets, time tables, seats in parlor car, etc., can be obtained at 369 Broadway or Lake Avenue Station, Saratoga, or by addressing J. R. WATSON, G. P. A., BOSTON, MASS. 172 GOING SOUTH? Consider your comfort ai^d travel by the luxurious steamers of the CLYDE LINE. THE ONLY LINE OF STEAMSHIPS BETWEEN NEW YORK AND JACKSONVILLE, FLA , WITHOUT CHANGE. Affording a delightful sail among the SEA ISLANDS ALONG THE SOUTHERN COAST, CALLING AT CHARLESTON, S. C. Sailing from Pier 29, East River, New York, MONDAVS, WEDNESDAYS, and FRIDAYS at 3 P. M. Tables are supplied with the best the Northern and Southern Markets afford. THE CLYDE SHIPS are of modern construction, and provided with every ap- pliance for safety, comfort and speed. M. H. Clyde, A. T. M. Theo. G. Eger, T. M. A. J. Cole, Pass'r Agent. W. P. CLYDE & CO., General Agents. 5 Bowling Green, N. Y. 12 S. Delaware Ave., Phila., Pa. 173 o w o CO K H o < DC o z < (>• p Q C/D X w o O < z S JiJ Q fC Q O Z w w < <: o ^ H W p o (C u <; z X p Q u H < Z Da O w o J H O O Q < H p z < J ^ P K P o H U o >■ O t >^ o H Ij z H o z Q O O O pi <: o w rc P. o <; Q Q o D w o w < [^ s P <: W o- S IT IX S > o w X o o z D O P z w o o W Q Q I7t 5. R. STODDARD'S ILLUSTRATED LECTURES, Under the Management of riajOf J. B. Pond, Everett House, New York. SUBJECTS: " Pictured Adirondacks," Its deep riverj Aiul winiling strc-iius-, its broad lakes and clustered nonds"; its dark gorges ; its wild gleua ; it« high inou^iitaids and its lavely valleys ;.its gateways, mads and wildwood trails ; its noted hunters and 'it^ Cunioua guides T its celebrated hotels and summer camps; how they live in the woods; tUintius: Aiid Hshing ; camp fires and camping scenes ; pictures by sun-light and flash- light, in SuiUtuer.ood Winter, by night ami by day ; ito East ; ita West ; its North J its Squth. The Hudspn River, "From the Mountains to thctJea." An illustrated poem, tracing the great river from its stfurce in the niouiitaina until it reaches the .open couiitry , thence onward until it looses itself in the ocean. On this thread it» Btrmig pictures of wood life, and views along the historic stream, until it ends with the picture which M.. Bartholdi declares is the only one he ever saw worthy of the subject, Mr. Stoddard's night scene, made with magnesium flash light, o' "Liberty Enlightening the. World." .. j , " Across the Continent," Its spreading plains ; Its teeming grain fields and its gre.it ranches , its cow-boys and its buffaloes ; its bail Indians and the way they live ; its great mountains ; its snowy heights ; its wild forests and ita \Ve8tern slope. "Alaska, the Land of Ice," Ita queer people,. their cuatoiua imd their homes, its tur> ; it,> fisheries and it* gold ; ita land-locked seae , its mighty glaciers and \U iVoz.en plains. - ' "The Wonderful White City of '93." Dally Times, Glens Tails. — " Every \-ie\v is a beautiful picture, many of them recalliiig in composition Claud* Lorraine's and Turner's masterpieces." Sunday News. — " They are marvels of beauty, to say nothing about the interests and instruction they convey." Morning'Star. — "There are no dry or un- interesting views i there are no views taken from bad points of view. Each one is a picture worthy of being reproduced on canvas. SEASON OF 1893-4. Mr. Stoddard's pictures are the most beautiful ever shown before an American audience, and I do not believe tbey are equalled la aay part of the world.— J. B. POND. T]lLJiUDSON_RlVER. I NTROOUCTION FROM THE MOUNTAINS TO THE SEA An illustrated POEM BV S R. STODDARD. ■ TH E POEM .-T" pirrs and lumber Sandwich day galore. "Mills thai sund on the solid " Verdam Plebc ond land.*' "Shining pUtes wiih the biting Lordly Senior." Ungs." The Cataract's head. The curious Grant Hall. Cadets Tahawus. story the rocks tell. HawWcye's Cave. Cor* at Dinner " Drilled ^'^ and Uncas. "Past Rapid and Caiaraci, to eat and drink Mill." The great " Drilled to step like T Camp. Sunday morning Inspec- lillery Practice. '• Fir plight change it* c "urse.** turns through the ^harp edm-d Kt»5»." ^he Modern Troy. '* Forges I awakening. " Dashc« and flash*^ tfnd \ngS " In fitful Bash and sb breaks intoi song.** ' It runs where Mety ihou^nd-poundcr. •■ Uncle Sa The Stale Dam, where no quarter " Cavalry drill. •• l> I. tpo lU t..ii hui«lk, unlramineled and Iree Mountings by proxy. towering walls (hat ^.'tV ' at night. Smoke'" I've heard "The c.y. slowly fading in the Nue cloud, o. smolje. uprising, ever --^^:^^^. , . ^. „ ^ . . hane above ihf Cily " •' Where * t^— ?(*v , - .-t I wu coold mould it like clay." '"I P^'f^' disunce.' "Clidins like .^^ j^^ „,„.„, „,„o„ come and go iii '-.'>■:•• •«-■, he CaUkillt. ntless numbers " "' Pasf f Openmeei "A strange new creaiure on " S"'" >he wav and quirk iu. changes." upslanding. lids on high herOaming _l«lide" "Waters cold and deep." lake Poughkeepsie. ■• Nenburgh climbs the beacon." Golden. Indian Pas^ The ruined village ««■"" hillside." -Washington's head- •• P.,, ,h. Ha.bor-. ..rr., K.>e-.» among the mountains. I''"'"'- ■• He «ho stood »hen others Pa.ul.. lo., ..clcn, 1..^ " From the wavering edge ol the Great Wwred." " The symbol of his greatness" \dJ. .1 la.i. the mlil>iy Ocewr Divide." " From the western land whence -and its modern prototype. p^ E M I N I SCEN T -* morning vlj. the Cedat flows." "Ii sees strange tights Storm King. Cro' Nest. Breakneck. ~~' '' ' ^~~~^ ton of the Ol M the gates uncIoK" "A solder's web." Mount Taurus. Old Fort Putnam— Uins Binhplaee ol the Infant Mud- The stately Schroon. •• li tossesgreat logs "Crumbling now in snowy ruins." The son A dashing B.eam at mij^day to the left and righ:." Banks that melt. river ol the Nonh. "Southward turn and A great river under glowing skies. Luieme. "Where bright Sacandaga comes !<« it vanish." West Point. The .>.4tion'« Sun.et. Might, and " J-iheny Enlighl- out of the west " " Whert the Nation's K^ool lor soldiei-j. The Campus. Candi- ning the World.' Soldiei came to die '' The Big Boom, dates. " I.0..K may tt>c lotf tt «« T.. T . n /-I . "Re^uliHes- .ol.lyleot fialih.- Wlin upndH hand A picture ollile The Feede, Dam. Glen, R.,s.,, h«id »d .pi..i ctumn.". Uhii« ih. S«.1 vl>. 176 GUIDE BOOKS AND MAPS PUBLISHED BY S. R. STODDARD, GLENS FALLS, N. Y. GUIDE BOOKS THE ADIRONDACKS ILLUSTRATED.— "Diamond" edition. 296 pages. Paper cover, 25 cents. Cloth. 50 cents. Albany Evening Journal.—" Routes, fares to different points, time-tables, maps, guides, and whatever else the trav- eler is most concerned in knowing, are treated clearly and intelligently." New York Times.—" A book that may be read through from beginning to end at any time, and be found full of in- teresting reading matter." Troy Times.— "A delightful book, well spiced with anecdote and adventure." SARATOGA. LAKE GEORGE AND LAKE CHAM- PLAIN, historical and descriptive, 16 mo., 200 pages. Paper cover, 25 cents. Contains colored map three feet long, outline cuts of mountains, islands, etc. , as seen from the passing steamer. MAPS THE ADIRONDACK WILDERNESS,— Pocket edition on map-bond paper, in cloth cover, $1.00. Linen backed, $1.50. Forest and Stream.—" It is the most complete map of the Adirondack region ever published, and is just what is wanted by a party intending to camp out." Shooting and Fishing.—" State offtcers consult it and the Fish Commissioners depend upon it for use of the State Game Protectors." LAKE GEORGE. — Scale 1 mile to an inch. Pocket edition on map-bond paper, cloth cover, 50 cents. Approved and adopted by the State Engineer and Sur- veyor in 1880. LAKE CHAMPLAIN.— Scale 2i miles to an inch, with smaller maps of the Richelieu River, and routes and distances to important ponits. Pocket edition on map-bond paper, cloth cover, 50 cents. SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. 177 BOOKS OF PICTURES. PUBLISHED BY S. R. STODDARD, QLENS FALLS, N. Y. LAKE CEORCE. Twelve photogravure plates 10x12 inches, comprising over 50 choice bits of Lake George scenery. Bound in torchon board, with illuminated title, $2.00. AMONG THE MOUNTAINS OF THE ADIRONDACKS. — Ten plates. Same style and size as Lake George, $2.00. THROUGH THE LAKE COUNTRY OF THE ADIRONDACKS.— Same as above, $2.00. CAMP LIFE Same as above, $2.00. THE HUDSON RIVER, FROM ITS SOURCE TO THE SEA Same as above, $2.00. AU SABLE CHASM. — Photogravures, twelve pages of pictures, 5ix7 inches. Illuminated title. In mailing box 50 cents. SOUVENIRS OF THE NORTH. (Contains from eighteen to thirty representative views of sections indicated by their titles, reproduced by the Photo-Gravure Process. Size 5ix7 inches ; price 75 cents each.) Saratoga, Lake George, Blue Mountain Lake, Raquette Lake, Long Lake, Tupper Lake Region, Luzerne and Schroon Lake, Wild Lakes of the Adirondacks, (Au Sable Lakes, Tear-of-the-clouds, Ava- lanche, Golden, Sandford, Henderson, etc.), Elizabeth- town and Keene Valley, North Elba and beyond, Lake Placid, The Saranac Lakes, Winter at Saranac Lake, Glens Falls, Howe's Cave. In mailing box, 75 cents each. SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. 178 PHOTOGRAPHS (Landscape and Gen.e. PUBLISHED BY S. R. STODDARD, GLENS FALLS. N. Y. LANDSCAPE, (20x50) as follows : Lake George (Beach at Caldwell); Blue Mountain Lake (from Mountain House)*, Ruins OF Fort Ticonderoga (from the East); Elizabeth- town (from the East); Keene Valley (from Prospect Hill); Mirror Lake (from Signal Hill, Lake Placid). PRICE, unmounted or mounted on thin paper, rolled, by mail, $7.00. Mounted on stretcher, $8.00. Mounted with deep mat, $10. Boxing mounted pictures, $1.00 extra. LANDSCAPE. (16x20) of the Adirondacks ; 90 subjects. Un- mounted in mailing tubes, $2.00; on 22x28 card, $2.50. Express Extra. LANDSCAPE AND GENRE, (7x9) 1200 Subjects: Adirondacks. Lake George, Lake Champlain, Hudson River. West Point. Howe's Cave, Canadian Pacific Indians. Alaska. Etc. Mounted or unmounted, 50 cents each. LANDSCAPE, (5x8) 2000 subjects. Adirondacks, Lake George, Bay of Fundy. Etc. By mail, 30 cents each. STEREOSCOPIC VIEWS* 2000 of above subjects, $2.00 per dozen. LANTERN SLIDES. Any subject, 50 cents each. Colored, $1.00 each. TRANSPARENCIES in nickel frames, 5x8 inches, $1.25; colored, $2.50 ; 8x10 inches, $2.50 ; colored $5.00. All goods above (except lantern slides and transparencies) sent postpaid on receipt of price. Address, S. R. STODDARD, Glens Falls, n. y. 179 I^A.F» OB^ ^HH> ilDII^ONDAGK WILDEI^NESS, BY S. R. STODDARD. [Light portion shows Hudson River drainage.] Size 25x31 Inches. Scale 4 miles to an inch. Colored in counties. On map-bond pap r in cloth cover for carrying in the pocket, $1.00. On heavy plate paper for framing, in mailing tube to prevent creasing, $1.00, post paid on receipt of price. S. E. STODDAED, Publisher, Gleas Palls, N. 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