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 4% YOUNGSTOWN 
 
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 CONTAINING A 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE MAHONING 
 VALLEY; RISE AND PROGRESS OF ITS MINING AND 
 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, WITH AN EX- 
 HIBIT OF THE TRADE AND COMMERCE 
 OF YOUNGSTOWN, FOR 1873-4. 
 
 Edited and Published by Wiggins & McKillop, 
 Cleveland, O., and Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 1875. 
 
 L 
 
(lass Fr<^ Of 
 
 Book Ydtye. 
 
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YOUNGSTOWN, 
 
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 CONTAINING A 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SETTLEMENT OF THE MAHONING 
 VALLEY; RISE AND PROGRESS OF ITS MINING AND 
 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, WITH AN EX- 
 HIBIT OF THE TRADE AND COMMERCE 
 OF YOUNGSTOWN, FOR 1S73-4. 
 
 Edited and Published by Wiggins & McKillop, 
 Cleveland, O., and Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 1875. 
 
JO 
 
 <* 
 
 PREFATORY. 
 
 In the presentation of this work the Editor acknowledges 
 the valuable assistance of J. M. Edwards, Esq., with reference 
 to the events recorded in the early history of Youngstown. Mr. 
 Edwards being one of the older citizens of the county, is fami- 
 liar with many of the incidents connected with the rise and 
 progress of the City, and he having had personal interviews 
 with the older pioneers, for the purpose of preserving the early 
 history of the City, we are confident that this part of our work 
 is authentic. 
 
 In our exhibit of the manufacturing and commercial indus- 
 tries, we have set forth not only the great advantages possessed 
 by Y T oungstown as a manufacturing centre, but also its resi- 
 tlental advantages. In the report of the coal and iron trade, the 
 usual drawbacks experienced by all staticians in gathering 
 data were met with. Some refusing to give us the information 
 desired. However, as far as reported, we are satisfied that the 
 statements are correct. 
 
 Trusting that this effort may meet with the approbation of 
 the business men for whose benefit it is designed, we now pre- 
 sent Youngstown Past and Pkesent. 
 
 THE EDITOB. 
 
 /6y'i 
 
Y0UNQ3T0WN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 EARLY HISTORY OF THE MAHONING VALLEY. 
 
 la 1662 King Charles II, granted a charter to the colony of 
 Connecticut, and defined the limits of the colony to be Massa- 
 chusetts on the north, Long Island Sound on the south, the 
 !Narragansett river on the east, and the Pacific Ocean on the 
 west, excepting certain portions granted previously. By virtue 
 of this charter, subsequent to the Revolution, Connecticut 
 claimed the land west of Pennsylvania. The controversy in 
 relation to this claim was at length settled by the cession, by 
 Connecticut, to the United States, of all land west of the State 
 of Pennsylvania, reserving a tract one hundred and twenty miles 
 in length, and between Lake Erie and the 41st parallel of north 
 latitide. This cession was accepted, and considered an ac- 
 knowledgment that the claim of Connecticut was well founded. 
 This tract received the name of the Connecticut Western Re- 
 serve. 
 
 Excepting the "Fire Lands," containing half a million of 
 aeres on the western end of the Reserve, so called from being 
 given by the State of Connecticut to certain suffers by fire and 
 the destruction of their property in the State during the Revo- 
 lutionary war, and the Salt Spring tract lying in the townships 
 of Austintown, Jackson, Weathersfield, and Lordstown, and a 
 few other parcels previously sold or negotiated,; this tract 
 was sold by the State in 1795 to the Connecticut Land Company. 
 
 In 1796 the survey of the Reserve into townships five miles 
 square was commenced, and in January, 1798, the survey being 
 then completed, the land was partitioned among the stockhold- 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 ders of the company by draft, when the partition was com- 
 pleted, the stockholders of the company received from the trus- 
 tees deeds of the land they had drawn. Many of the grantees 
 removed soon thereafter to their land, and made it their future 
 borne. Others sent out agents. Purchasers of the grantees re- 
 moved to the new country, clearings were made in the forest, 
 lo» houses were erected, crops put in the ground, and thus in the 
 spring of 1798 was commenced the regular 'settlement the Re- 
 serve. 
 
 When Trumbull County was organized it contained within 
 its limits the whole of the Connecticut Western Reserve. In 
 the year 1846, by an act of legislature, fifteen of the southern 
 townships of this county was taken, and five from the county of 
 Columbiana, and a new county was erected which was named 
 Mahoning, from the Mahoning river a stream which has its 
 bead waters in the counties of Portage and Columbiana in Ohio, 
 and with the Shenango in Lawarnce County near New Castle 
 Pennsylvania. The soil is fertile and well adopted to agricul- 
 tural purposes and grazing. 
 
 From the report of the Secretary of State for 1873, the fol- 
 lowing interesting farming statistics are compiled : 
 
 Wheat, No. of acres, 939, No. of bushels, 128,708 
 
 Rye, " " 400, " " 4,735 
 
 Buckwheat, " 162, « " 1,620 
 
 Oats, " " 12,163, « " 360,309 
 
 Corn, " " 11,932, " " 590,741 
 
 Meadow," " 30,347, " tons of hay, 31,851 
 
 Clover, " " 3,300, "tons, 6,348 
 
 " bushel of seed, 3,019 
 
 Flax, " " 2,057, " « " 3,019 
 
 " pounds of fiber, 346,334 
 
 Potatoes," " 1,064, " of bushels, 109,146 
 
 Butter, " of pounds made, 691,444 
 
 Cheese, " of pounds made, 127,600 
 
 Pounds of Maple sugar, 70,225 
 
 Gallons of Syrup, 1,956 
 
 ORCHAFvS. 
 
 No. of acres, 6 >897 
 
 " bushels of Apples, 605,442 
 
 " " of Peaches, 8,200 
 
 " " of Pears, 6,400 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 
 No. of Horses in the County, 8,254 
 
 « of Cattle, 20,073 
 
 " of Mules, 222 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 5 
 
 " of Hogs, 87,290 
 
 " of Sheep, 70,499 
 
 No. of pounds of Wool shorn, 300,455 
 
 The following table shows the increase of the valuation of 
 property foom 1850 to 1870 : 
 
 1850 Valuation, $5,842,882 
 
 I860 " 9,448,053 
 
 1870 " 12,800,317 
 
 1872 " 18,624,594 
 
 1873 " 19,408,029 
 
 KATES OF TAXATION FOR 1873. 
 
 State and Sinking Fund, 8 mills. 
 
 General revenue, 6 " 
 
 Assylum, 1.10 " 
 
 State Common School, 1.00 u 
 
 County, 1.20 " 
 
 Poor, 6.00 " 
 
 Bridge,.... 1.70 " 
 
 Building, 1.00 " 
 
 'Road, 50 " 
 
 Township and Sub-district School and School house, 7.00 " 
 
 City, Town and Borough, n.80 " 
 
 " Total, State, '""" 3.50 " 
 
 " Local, 23.80 " 
 
 " For all purposes, 27.30 " 
 
 Youngstown being the largest City in the county, and in the 
 Mahoning Valley, has become the centre of the vast coal and 
 iron interest of this region, the development of which has added 
 largely to the value of the real estate in that part of the county, 
 which is rich in the deposits of mineral coal, and iron ore. Of 
 these articles there was mined in the county, in 1S70, 2,720,750 
 bushels of coal, and in 1872, 1,894,000 bushels. The decrease in 
 production was the result of a long "strike" among the miners. 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN PAST 
 
 The plat of ground in Youngstown township, in which 
 the city is located, does not appear to have been included iu the 
 draft made for the Connecticut Land Company, and the name of 
 John Young, does not appear among the stockholders of the 
 company, it is altogether probable that Mr. Youug purchased 
 the topnship from the Company, and prior to the making of the 
 draft. The records, however, do show that on April 9th, 1800, the 
 trustees of the company conveyed to John Young township 
 No. 2, in the 2nd range called Youngstown, containing 15,560 
 
6 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 acres of land for the consideration of $16,082.16. On the same 
 day Mr. Young executed- to the trustees a mortgage of the 
 township to secure the payment of the purchase money. 
 
 Mr. Young, according to tradition, visited the township 
 about 1797 with Alfred Wolcott, a surveyor, for the purpose of 
 surveying it into lots and commencing a settlement. The late 
 Col. James Hillman, who then resided in Pittsburgh, and had 
 been for a number of years engaged in trading with the Indians 
 on the Reserve, making his voyages up the Mahoning in a 
 canoe, in returning from one of his expeditions saw a smoke 
 on the bank near Spring Common. On landing he found Mr. 
 Young and Mr. Wolcott. He stayed with them a few days, 
 when they went with him to Beaver on the Ohio river, to 
 celebrate the Fourth of July. Col. Hillman, at the instance of 
 Mr. Young, returned with him to Youngstown, and they com- 
 menced the settlement of the town by the erection of a log 
 house. This house stood on the east bank of the Mahoning 
 river, near Spring Common, on Front street, on the site of the 
 house occupied until recently by Wm. S. Crawford. This was 
 probably the first log house erected on the Reserve, and the first 
 regular settlement on the Reserve was probably commenced in 
 this township. 
 
 Mr. Young laid out a town plat, which is now embraced 
 within and is only a small part of the present city, and divided 
 it into building lots. Adjoining the town plat he laid out lots 
 of a few acres each, which he named out-lots, and the rest of 
 the township he surveyed into larger tracts suitable for farms. 
 The town plat was not recorded until August 19th, 1802. On 
 June 1st of that year, Mr. Young executed an instrument com- 
 mencing "Know ye that I, John Young, of Youngstown, in the 
 county of Trumbull, for the consideration of the prospect of 
 advancing my property, have laid out and established in the 
 township of Youngstown aforesaid, on the north side of the 
 Mahoning river, a town plat of the following description, viz. : 
 Federal street is a hundred feet in width and 1,752 feet in length, 
 beginning at a corner post standing in front of Esquire Caleb 
 Baldwin's house, a little west of his well, running south 62° 30' 
 east through the middle of the plat and public square." The 
 well here spoken of still exists, and is in daily use in the yard 
 in front of the residence of Dr. Timothy Woodbridge. The 
 post, a little west of the well, has disappeared, but its precise 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 location has been carefully recorded by surveyors, and can be 
 readily found. North, now Wood, and South, now Front streets, 
 parallell with Federal, are then described, and bound the plat 
 on the north and south, and these three are the only east and 
 west streets named. The other streets running north and south, 
 and public square, are then described. There are one hundred 
 lots in the plat contained in the instrument ; the south-east lot 
 being No. 1, and the northeast lot No. 100. Lots No. 95 on the 
 west and No. 96 on the east side of Market street, and bounded 
 north on North street, are designated on the plat as "Burying 
 ground," but are not so noted in the deed. The instrument 
 concludes as follows : "And all the land contained in the before 
 mentioned streets I have appropriated to the use and benefit of 
 the public to remain public highways so long as said plat shall 
 remain unvacated." The instrument is signed and sealed by 
 John Young, and witnessed by Calvin Pease, but not acknowl- 
 edged before a magistrate. The city, a few years since, obtained 
 a quit claim from the heirs of Mr. Young, which cures any 
 defect in the execution of the instrument, and conveys to the 
 city the title to lots No. 95 and 96 above named. 
 
 The "Western Reserve was organized under the Territorial 
 Government, in the year 1800, as Trumbull county, with War- 
 ren as the county seat. The first Couri of Common Pleas and 
 General Quarter Sessions was there held on August 25th, 1800. 
 At that Court the county was divided into townships for civil 
 purposes. The township of Youngstown, as then organized, 
 composed the now townships of Poland, Coitsville, Hubbard, 
 Liberty, Youngstown, Boardman, Canfield, Austintown, Jack- 
 son and Ellsworth. George Tod was appointed Prosecuting At- 
 torney of the county, and James Hiilman was appointed 
 constable of Youngstown, and the oath of office was administered 
 to them. 
 
 At the Court of Qnarter Sessions, February term 1802, it 
 was ordered that town meetings be held on the first Monday of 
 April next. The first town meeting was held, acccordingly, on 
 that day. The record of this meeting is in the hand-writing of 
 the late Judge Tod, and we copy it entire and verbatim : 
 
 "At a legal township meeting, begun and held in and for 
 the township of Youngstown, in the county of Trumbull, at the 
 dwelling house of William Rayen, on the.fifth day of April, in 
 the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and two, the 
 following proceedings were had, viz : 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 "The persons hereinafter mentioned were chosen to the 
 offices respectively affixed to their names : 
 
 "John Young, Chairman. "George Tod, Town Clerk. 
 
 "Voted, that there be five Trustees chosen. Accordingly 
 James Doud, John Struthers, Camden Cleveland, Samuel Tylee 
 and Calvin Pease were duly elected. 
 
 "Voted, that there be three overseers of the poor chosen. 
 Accordingly Archibald Johnson, James Matthews and John 
 Bush, were duly elected. "Thomas Kirkpatrick and Samuel 
 Minough were duly elected fence viewers. "James Hillman 
 and Homer Hine were elected appraisers of houses. "George 
 Tod was chosen lister of taxable property. "William Chapman, 
 Michael Seamore, James Wilson, Benjamin Ross, William 
 Dunlap, Amos Loveland, John Davidson, William Service and 
 Thomas Packard were elected supervisors of highways. "Cal- 
 vin Pease and Phineas Peed were elected constables. 
 
 "Voted, that the next stated town meeting be held at the 
 house now occupied by William Rayen aforesaid. 
 
 "The meeting was then adjourned without day. 
 
 "Attest : George Tod, Town Clerk." 
 
 Of the above named trustees, James Doud resided in the 
 present township of Canfield, John Struthers in Poland, Samuel 
 Tylee in Hubbard, and Calvin Pease and Camden Cleveland in 
 Youngstown. Their first meeting was held "at the dwelling 
 bouse of William Payea, innkeeper," on April 18th, 1802. This 
 house, as we are informed, was a log house erected by Mr. 
 Young on the lot where William S. Parmele lives, to which, 
 however, from time to time additions were made. The town- 
 ship meetings were held "at the dwelling house of William 
 Rayen" until after 1813, he being most of the time township 
 clerk. Dr. Manning, on his arrival at Youngstown in 1811, 
 stopped at that house, or, as he stated it, "at Col. Rayen's tav- 
 ern." He described the house thus : "It was a two story white 
 house, shingled on the sides instead of weather boarding. There 
 was a log house attached to it on the north and a kitchen at the 
 back built of round logs. Between the log awd frame part was 
 a wide hall, open at both ends, and wooden benches on the sides 
 for loungers." 
 
 The first mail route through Youngstown was established 
 and opened in October 1801. Prior to that time the nearest post- 
 office was at Pittsburgh. The route then established ran from 
 Pittsburgh through Beavertown to Georgetown, on the Ohio 
 river, and thence through Canfield and Youngstown to Warren. 
 
 The contract for carrying the mail, once in two weeks for the 
 term of two years, was made with Eleazer Gilson, of Canfield, 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 9 
 
 at the price of $3.50 per mile per year, counting the distance one 
 way. Samuel Gilson, a son of the contractor, carried the mail 
 the principal part of the time, and generally on foot, carrying 
 the mail bag on his back. This was the first mail route on the 
 Reserve. 
 
 Calvin Pease was appointed postmaster at Youngstown, 
 Elijah Wadsworth at Canfield, and Simon Perkins at Warren - 7 
 and these gentlemen were the first postmasters on the Reserve. 
 
 The first building for public worship was a log edifice erected 
 by the Presbyterian society on the brow of the hill north of the 
 public square, and stood near what is now the south-east corner 
 of the Rayen School lot. It was probably erected in 1801 or '02. 
 Rev. Wm, Wick officiated for some years in this church. From 
 a public record, it appears that he was here officiating as a 
 minister of the gospel as early as November 1800. He probably 
 came here before that time. He was the first minister, in 
 Youngstown, of the Presbyterian church, and perhaps of any 
 Church, although traveling preachers or missionaries may have 
 preached here occasionally before Mr. Wick. In the old ceme- 
 tery, near the scene of his labors of usefulness, stood a grave- 
 stone, now removed, we presume, to the new cemetery, with 
 the following inscription : 
 
 "In memory of the Rev. William Wick, who died March 
 29th, 1815, aged forty-six years and nine months. The father of 
 eight sons and five daughters. He was a native of Long 
 Island, New York; ordained a preacher of the Gospel September 
 3d, 1800 ; was pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Youngstown 
 and Hopewell fifteen years. In the course of his ministry 
 preached 1522 sermons and married 56 couples. He was highly 
 esteemed as a faithful minister of Christ, a respectable and 
 punctual member of the judicature of the church, lived much 
 beloved and died much lamented. 'The righteous shall be in 
 everlasting remembrance.' " 
 
 The first school house was also a log building, which stood 
 on the southwest quarter of the public square. The late Single- 
 ton King, Esq., said that when he came here in 1805 the house 
 looked new and might then have been buiL two or three years. 
 James Noyes, from Connecticut, a tall, slim man, was the first 
 teacher after he came. Per Lee Brush, a gentleman who after- 
 wards resided in Trumbull county, also taught in that school 
 before Mr. King came, and was probably the first teacher. Mr. 
 King remarked also that "there were very few scholars to attend 
 at that time." 
 
10 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Dr. Manning, in speaking of the condition of schools and 
 school houses in 1811, when he came here, says : "There was a 
 log school house on the Diamond — there was another building 
 used as a school house near the residence of Isaac Powers, (near 
 the south line of the township,) one that served both as a church 
 and a school house at Cornersburgh, and another near Park- 
 hurst's mill. Besides these, a few old buildings where schools 
 were occasionally kept. The qualifications for a school teacher 
 in those days were few and moderate. If a man could read 
 tolerably well, was a good writer and could cipher as far as the 
 rule of three, knew how to use the birch scientifically and had 
 firmness enough to exercise this skill, he would pass muster." 
 
 Some idea may be obtained as to the condition of the early 
 School history ; from the following contract made between the 
 subscribers and Mr. Manning in the year 1818 : 
 
 "This article, between the undersigned subscribers of the 
 one part and Jabez P, Manning of the other, witnesseth, That 
 said Manning doth on his part engage to teach a school at the 
 school house near the center of Youngstown for the term of one 
 quarter, wherein he engages to teach reading, writing, arithme- 
 tic and English grammar ; and furthermore, that the school 
 shall be opened at nine o'clock a. m., and closed at four p. m., 
 on each day of the week, (Saturday and Sunday expected), and 
 on Saturday to be opened at nine and closed at twelve o'clock, 
 a. m. And we, the subscribers, on our part individually engage 
 to pay unto the said Manning one dollar and 75-100 for each and 
 every scholar we subscribe, at the end of the term ; and we 
 furthermore engage to furnish or to bear the necessary expense 
 of furnishing wood and all other things necessary for the use of 
 school. 
 
 "Furthermore, we do engage, that unless, by the 6th day of 
 April of the present year, the number of scholars subscribed 
 amount to thirty-five, that the said Manning is in no way 
 obligated by this article. 
 
 "Furthermore, we allow the said Manning the privilege of 
 receiving five scholars more than are here specified. 
 
 "Youngstown, March 31st, 1818. 
 
 "J. P. Manning." 
 
 Subscribers' names and number of scholars : George Tod, 
 3 ; John E. Woodbride, 4 ; Homer Hine, 2 ; Henry Wick, 2 ; 
 Philip Stambaugh, 1£ ; Samuel Vaill, 2 ; Robert Kyle, 2 ; George 
 Hardman, 1 ; James Davidson, 2 ; Polly Chapman, 1 ; Jerry 
 Tibbits, 3J ; John F. Townsend, 2 ; Henry Manning, 1 ; William 
 Bell, 1; Jonathan Smith, 1; Moses Crawford, 1; William 
 Clelaud, U ; Margaret Murdock, 1 ; William Potter, 2; William 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 11 
 
 Rayen, H; William Morris, 1; Noah Chamberlain, 1 ; Richard 
 Young, J; James Duncan, 1; Mrs. McCullough, i; Byram 
 Baldwin, J. Total, 40£. 
 
 The township was first divided into school districts on May 
 22d, 182G.— There were seven districts and two fractional dis- 
 tricts. The first or center district, which included the present 
 city and some additional territory, contained fifty-four house- 
 holders. The whole township, as then enumerated, contained 
 two hundred and six householders, of which twelve were 
 women. 
 
 The first mill was erected by John Hill and Phineas Hill 
 about 1798 or '99 at the falls on Mill Creek, in the south-west 
 part of the township, on the site where German J-anterman's 
 large flouring mill now stands. It was built of round logs and 
 contained machinery for both grinding and sawing. Abraham 
 Powers, one of the earliest settlers, who was a practical mill- 
 wright, put in the machinery. It was a small and rather prim- 
 itive affair, but answered in a measure, the needs of the inhab- 
 itants. It was one of the first, if not the first, mill on the Re- 
 serve. 
 
 The late Nathan Ague, who was, at that time, a lad about 
 seven or eight years of age, and residing at Flint Hill with his 
 parents, who had recently arrived, was at the raising of this 
 mill. He said there were not men enough in the neighborhood 
 to raise it and they sent to Greersburgh, now Darlington, in 
 Pennsylvania, for hands, and got a keg of whisky for them. 
 On that day his father killed a bear, which furnished the meat 
 used by the men who raised the mill. The family used the 
 bear's skin afterwards for a bed. 
 
 "When and where did the first marriage on the Reserve oc- 
 cur, and who were the parties married, is a question of some 
 interest. On the records of Trumbull county we find the fol- 
 lowing certificate : 
 
 "This may certify that, after publication according to law 
 of the Territory, Stephen Baldwin and Rebecca Rush were 
 joined in marriage on the third dav of November, 1800. 
 
 By William Wick, V. D. M." 
 
 On the 11th of February prior, according to a record kept 
 atCanfield, Alfred Wolcott, the surveyor who came out with 
 Mr. Young, and then resided at Youngstown, was married to 
 Mercy Gilson, of Canfield. They were married in Pennsylva- 
 nia, f ^r the reason that no person in this vicinity was authorized 
 
12 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 to solemnize marriages. Hence it is inferred that the first mar- 
 riage in Youngstown was that of Stephen Baldwin and Rebecca 
 Hush, and this was probably the first maariage solemnized on 
 the Reserve. 
 
 The first male child born in the township was Is aac Swager, 
 son of John Swager. The first female child was a daughter of 
 Hobert and Hannah Stevens. They were born prior to 1800. 
 John Young Shehi, son of Daniel and Jane Shehi, was one of 
 the earliest children born here, and tradition says that John 
 Young deeded him a town lot for his name. In corroboration 
 of this is found on record a deed from John Young to John Y. 
 Shehi, dated March 24th, 1807, of town lots 83 and 84, which are 
 located on the east side of north Market street, and south of the 
 graveyard lot. The consideration expressed is $100, received of 
 Daniel Shehi. Tradition also says that Mr. Young gave lots to 
 the two other children, but the deeds are not on record. 
 
 The first funeral was the burial of Samuel McFarland in 
 the northwest corner of the west lot of the old graveyard. All 
 the population including Mr. Young, was at the funeral. The 
 following is the inscription on the grave stone : At the top the 
 figures "1811," probably the date of its erection. Then "In 
 memory of Samuel McFarland, teacher of vocal music, late from 
 Worcester, Massachusetts, who departed this life Sept. 20th, 
 1799, aged 28 years." The stone is now removed to the west 
 part of the Mahoning Cemetery. 
 
 The following statement of the number and situation of the 
 houses in Youngstown in 1823, was prepared by John II. Squire, 
 and is said to be correct : 
 
 COMMENCING ON THE NORTH SIDE OF FEDERAL, STREET AND 
 GOING WEST. 
 
 1 — John Loughridge, log house: 
 
 2 — Widow Murdock, log house. 
 
 3 — James Hill man, frame ; late II. Manning. 
 
 4 — Samuel Bryson, log; now J. R. Squire. 
 
 5 — Corner Diamond, log, owned by Samuel Bryson ; now 
 Mrs. Bissell. 
 
 — Presbyterian Church on the hill. 
 
 7 — William Wick ; now King's feed store. 
 
 8 — Henry Wick, frame ; now Harber's shop. 
 
 9 — Henry Wick, log ; now Wick's bank. 
 10 — Henry Manning, log ; now Woodbridge. 
 11— C. B. Wick, frame; now J. F. Hollingsworth. 
 12 — Philip Kimmel, frame ; now Smith & Medbury. 
 13 — Robert Pollock, frame : now J. F. Hollingsworth. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 13 
 
 14 — Daniel Morris, log ; town hall on part of it. 
 15— George Hardman, part frame ; now L. Wick. 
 16— William Rayen, shingled house, sides and all ; now 
 Calvin Shook. 
 
 17— William Rayen, log ; Decker & Miller occupying. 
 18 — William Rayen, hrick ; now Parmelee. 
 19 — Jeremiah Tibbit, log ; now A. J. Pollock. 
 20— Widow Dabney, log ; now Westlake. 
 
 SOUTH SIDE, GOING EAST. 
 
 21— John E. Woodbridge, frame ; now Smith. 
 22 — Mr. Hollingsworth, log ; now Smith. 
 23— Mansion House lot, log house, owned by Judge Tod ; now 
 Anderson. 
 
 FRONT STREET. 
 
 21 — Jonathan Smith, log ; now E. G. Hollingsworth. 
 25— Moses Crawford, log ; now S. J. Atkins. 
 26 — John Day, frame ; now Thomas Davis. 
 
 BACK TO FEDERAL STREET. 
 
 27— Charles Dutton, frame ; now Bissell. 
 
 28— Methodist Church, F. Barclay's heirs. 
 
 29— William Thorn, log house on the Diamond ; now the 
 Tod House. 
 
 30— Henry Wick, brick ; now M. T. Jewell. 
 
 31 — Log school house on the Diamond where the soldiers' 
 monument stands, where the late Hon. Gov. Tod got his educa- 
 tion in boyhood days. 
 
 32— Josiah Polly, frame ; now the heirs of the late Edward 
 Moore. 
 
 33— Henry Wick, frame ; now Parish & Nash. 
 
 34— James McCartney, log ; now heirs of J. Pritchard. 
 
 "1">— Robert Leslie, log ; now John Manning. 
 At an early day, mineral or stone coal was discovered indif- 
 ferent localities in the township and vicinity. It was ascertain- 
 ed to be good for blacksmith fuel, and was used to some extent 
 by smiths in this section of the country. It was not to any ex- 
 tent for fuel for domestic purposes, as wood was plenty and 
 cheaper. The early citizens little thought that this black stone 
 which would burn, cropping out here and there in the ravines, 
 was destined to become a source of great w T ealth to their suc- 
 cessors, and, while some of them were still living, to develop 
 this valley into one of the most wealtny manufacturing regions 
 of our country. 
 
 After the opening of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal in 1840, 
 David Tod, sent from his Brier Hill mines a few boat loads of 
 coal to Cleveland, as an experiment. The coal was tested for 
 steamboat and other purposes, and approved. 
 
14 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 About 1846, it was ascertained that the Brier Hill, or that 
 variety of coal , could be used in its raw state, as a fuel for the 
 reduction of iron ore, and the first blast furnace in Youngstown 
 constructed for its use, was erected in that year. This was the 
 Eagle Furnace, built by William Philpot, David Morris, Jona- 
 than Warner, Harvey Sawyer, on land purchased of Dr. Henry 
 Manning, lying between the present city limits and Brier Hill. 
 The coal used was mined from land contigious leased from Dr. 
 Manning. The terms of this lease as to price, were one cent per 
 bushel for the first 25,000 bushels, and one-haif per cent per bu- 
 shel for all over 25,000 bushels dug in one year, and to mine not 
 less than 75,000 bushels per year, or to pay for that quantity if 
 not mined. The money paid for coal not mined in any year to 
 be applied on the excess mined in any other year. The' bushel 
 of coal to weigh 75 pounds. The lease to continue in force for 
 twenty years. This lease, was the last coal lease made in this 
 township. 
 
 We copy from Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio, 
 published in 1848, but who collected his materials in 1847, his 
 statements of the condition of the coal and iron interest, and of 
 the township generally at that time : 
 
 "Youngstown is the largest and most flourishing town in 
 Mahoning county. It contains about 1200 inhabitants, has 
 twelve mercantile stores, three warehouses for receiveing and 
 forwarding goods and produce on the canal. Four churches — 
 one Presbyterian, one Episcopal Methodist, one Protestant 
 Methodist, and one Disciple. The Pennsylvania & Ohio Canal 
 passes through the village, and the products of the surrounding 
 country are sent here for shipment. Few places in Ohio are 
 more beautifully situated: few have greater facilities for manu- 
 factoring, or bid fairer to become a place of wealth and import- 
 ance. Bituminous coal and iron ore abound in the immediate 
 vicinity of the village, and along the line of the canal, adequate, 
 it is believed, to the wants of a large manufacturing place. 
 Several of the coal banks are already opened and successfully 
 and profitably worked. The mines of the Hon. David Tod 
 furnish about one hundred tons of coal per day, and those of 
 Crawford, Camp & Co. about sixty; all of which have hitherto 
 found a ready market at Cleveland for steamboat fuel. It has 
 recently been ascertained that the coal in the valley of the 
 Mahoning is well adapted in its raw state to the smelting of 
 iron ore, and three furnaces similar to the English and Scotch 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 15 
 
 furnaces, each capable of producing from sixty to one hundred 
 tons of pig metal per week, have been erected in the township 
 and near the village. A large rolling mill has been erected in 
 the villiage, at which is made the various sizes of bar, rod and 
 hoop iron, also sheet iron, nails and spikes. The "Youngstown 
 Iron Company" and the "Eagle Iron and Steel Company 1 ' 
 contemplate the erection of machinery for the purpose of mak- 
 ing T and H rail, and it is more than probable that the various 
 railroads now projected in Ohio and the adjoining States will 
 be supplied with rails from this point. In addition to the 
 above there are quite a number of snail manufacturing estab- 
 lishment for making tin ware, cloth, axes, wagons, &c. The 
 amount of capital invested in the manufacturing of iron is prob- 
 ably $200,000." 
 
 The three furnaces, spoken of above, were the Eagle and 
 Brier Hill furnaces, since rebuilt and capacity greatly enlarged, 
 and the Mill Creek furnace, built in 182G for a charcoal furnace, 
 but being in an unfavorable location in regard to transportation 
 facilities, and getting old and dilapidated, it was taken down 
 some years since. The large rolling mill, chronicled by Mr. 
 Howe, was the old mill north of the canal, which was the nu- 
 cleus, and but a fraction of the present extensive mills of Brown , 
 Bonnell & Co., which are among the largest in the State. 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 REMINISCENCES OF EARLY SETTLERS IN THE MAHONING 
 
 VALLEY. 
 
 Precious to the memories of many now living are the trials, 
 struggles, and privations endured by the brave and industrious 
 pioneers who left the comforts of their Eastern homes and pen- 
 etrated the forests of the Western Reserve, once the frontier 
 of the West, then in possession of wild and barbarous men, and 
 laid the foundation for its future civilization, whose whit- 
 ened locks and tottering forms clearly indicate that only a few 
 years hence, and the scenes, trials, and adventures of the early 
 settlers of the Western Reserve, will only be known on the pa- 
 ges of history. 
 
 In the preparation of " Young stown Pas^," we give place for 
 the recollections of a few of those whose interests have been close- 
 ly indeniified with the rise and progress of Youngstown. Some 
 of whom are living to witness the present Greatness of this Val- 
 ley, and of others who long since have gone to that "bourne from 
 whence no traveler returns." 
 
 From Howe's recollections of the west, Ave find the following 
 memoir of Mr. James Hillman whose name appears among 
 tnose of the first settlers in Youngstown, and written by a resi- 
 dent of the county. "Col. James Hillman, of Youngstown, was 
 one of the pioneers of the West, and rendered essential services 
 to the early settlers of the Western Reserve. He was born in 
 Northampton, Pa., and in 1784 was a soldier under Gen. Har- 
 mar, and was discharged at Fort Mcintosh, at Beaver town, on 
 the Ohio, in August, 1785, after the treaty with the Indians. 
 His acquaintance with the country, now known as the Western 
 Reserve, commenced in the spring of 1786, at which time he 
 entered into the service of Duncan & Wilson, of Pittsburgh. 
 
YOUN6STOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 17 
 
 They were engaged in forwarding goods and provisions upon 
 pack-horses, across the country to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, 
 (now Cleveland,) thence to be shipped on the schooner Mac- 
 kinaw, to Detroit. During the summer of 1786, he made six 
 trips, the caravan consisting of ten men and twenty horses. 
 They usually crossed the Big Beaver four miles below the mouth 
 of the Shenango, thence up the left bank of the Mahoning,crossing 
 it about three miles above the village of Youngstown;thence by 
 way of Salt Springs, in the township of Weather field, through 
 Milton and Ravenna, crossing the Cuyahoga at the mouth of 
 Breakneck, and at the mouth of Tinker's creek in Bedford; thence 
 down the river to its mouth, where they erected a log hut for 
 the safe keeping of their goods, which was the first house built 
 in Cleveland. At the mouth of Tinker's creek were a few houses 
 built by the Moravian Missionaries. They were then vacant, 
 the Indians having occupied them one year only, previous to 
 their removal to the Tuscarawas river. These, and three or four 
 cabins at Salt Springs were the only buildings erected by the 
 whites between the Ohio river and Lake Erie. Those at Salt 
 Springs were erected for the accommodation of persons sent 
 there to make salt, and the tenants were dispossessed during 
 the summer of 1785, by order of Gen. Harmar. During this 
 year, 1786, Kribs, who was left in one of the cabin to take off 
 goods belonging to Duncan & Wilson was murdered by the In- 
 dians, and his body was found by Hillman's party shockingly 
 mangled by the wolves. During the same season Jones Mor- 
 row and Sam Simerson, returning from Sandusky, were killed 
 by the Indians at Eagle creek, west of Cleveland. Mr. Hillman 
 was married in 1786, and 1788 settled at Beaver town, where 
 Duncan & Wilson had a store for the purpose of trading with 
 the Indians. 
 
 "From 1788 to 1796 Mr. Hillman resided in Pittsburgh and 
 traded with the Indians in Ohio, principally on the Reserve, 
 bringing his goods in canoes up the Mahoning. His intercourse 
 with the Indians, during these eight years and before, afforded 
 him the opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of their lan- 
 guage, and gaining their confidence, both of which he obtained, 
 and by means of which he was enabled afterwards to be of 
 great service to the early settlers of the Reserve." 
 
 "In 1796, when returning from one of his trading expe- 
 ditions, alone in his canoe, down the Mahoning river, he discov- 
 ered a smoke on the bank, near the present site of the village 
 
 2 
 
18 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 of Youngstown. On proceeding to the spot, he found Mr. 
 Young (the proprietor of the township), who, with Mr. Wal- 
 cott, had just arrived to make a survey of his lands. The 
 cargo of Mr. Hillman was not entirely disposed of, there re- 
 maining among other things, some whisky, the price of which 
 was, to the Indians, $1 a quart, in the currency of the country, 
 a deer skin being a legal tender for one dollar, and a doe skin 
 half a dollar. Mr. Young proposed purchasing a quart,and hav- 
 ing a frolic on its contents during the evening, as they were 
 strangers in the country, and just arrived upon his territory, 
 civility required him to furnish the means of the entertain- 
 ment. He, however, yielded to Mr. Young, who immedi- 
 ately took the deer skin he had spread for his bed, (the only 
 one he had,) and paid for his quart of whisky. His descendants 
 in the State of New York, in relating the hardships of their 
 ancestors, have not forgotten that Judge Young exchanged his 
 bed for a quart of whisky. 
 
 "Mr. Hillman remained with them a few days, when they 
 accompanied him to Beavertown to celebrate the Fourth of 
 July, and Mr. H. was induced to return and commence the set- 
 tlement of the town, by building a house. This was about the 
 first settlement made on the Western Reserve. In the fall of 
 1797 Mr. Brown and another person came on. It was during 
 this season that Uriah Holmes, of Litchfield county, Connecti- 
 cut, and Titus Hayes, arrived in Youngstown the same day ; 
 both having started from Connecticut on the same day, the one 
 taking the route through the State of New York, via Buffalo,* 
 and the other through Pennsylvania." 
 
 "The settlement of the country proceeded prosperously 
 until the murder of two Indians, Capt. George and Spotted John r 
 at Salt Springs, by McMahon and Story. This affair nearly 
 proved fatal to the settlements, and probably would, but for 
 the efforts of Mr. Hillman." The particulars of this affair are 
 as follows: Joseph McMahon, who lived near the Indian set- 
 tlement, at Salt Springs, and whose family had suffered consid- 
 able abuse at different times from the Indians, in his abscence, 
 was at work with one Richard Story on an old Indian Planta- 
 tion, near Warren. On Friday, of this week, during his 
 absence, the Indians coming down the creek to have a drunken 
 frolic, called in at McMahon's and abused the family, and 
 finally Capt. George, their chief, struck one of the children a 
 severe blow with the tomahawk, and the Indians threatened to 
 
VOUNGSTOWM, PAST AND PRESENT. 19 
 
 kill the whole family. Mrs. McMahon, although terribly 
 alarmed, was enabled to get word to her husband before noon 
 the next day. 
 
 McMahon and Story at first resolved to go immediately to 
 the Indian camp and kill the whole tribe, but on a little reflec- 
 tion they desisted from this rash purpose, and concluded to go 
 to Warren and consult with Capt. Ephraim Quinby, as he was 
 a mild, judicious man. By advice of Quinby, all persons capa- 
 ble of bearing arms were mustered on Sunday morning, consist- 
 ing of 14 men and 2 boys, under the command of Lieut. John 
 Lane, who proceeded towards the Indian camp, determined to 
 make war or peace as circumstances dictated. 
 
 When within half a mile of the camp, Quinby proposed a 
 halt, and as he was well acquainted with most of the Indians 
 they having dealt frequently at his town, it was resolved that 
 he should proceed alone to the camp and inquire into the cause 
 of their outrageous conduct, and ascertain whether they were 
 for peace or war. Quinby started alone, leaving the rest behind, 
 and giving directions to Lane that if he did not return in ha Ir- 
 an hour, he might expect that the savages had killed him, and 
 that he should then march his company and engage in battle. 
 Quinby not returning at the appointed time, they marched rap- 
 idly to the camp. On emerging from the woods they discov- 
 ered Quinby in close conversation with Captain George. He 
 informed his party that they had threatened to kill McMahon 
 and his family, and Story and his family, for it seems the latter 
 had inflicted chastisement on the Indians for stealing his liquor, 
 particularly on one ugly-looking, ill-tempered fellow, named 
 Spotted John, from having his face spotted all over with hair 
 moles. Capt. George had also declared if the whiles had come 
 down the Indians were ready to fight them. 
 
 The whites marched directly up to the camp, McMahon 
 first and Story next to him. The chief, Capt. George, snatched 
 his tomahawk, which was sticking in a tree, and flourishing it 
 in the air, walked up to McMahon, saying, "If you kill me I 
 will lie here; if I kill you, you shall lie there !" and then or- 
 dered his men to prime and tree. Instantly, as the tomahawk- 
 was about to give the deadly blow, McMahon sprang back, 
 raised his gun already cocked, pulled the trigger, and Captain 
 George fell dead. Story took for his mark the ugly savage, 
 "Spotted John," who was at that moment placing his family 
 
20 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 behind a tree, and shot him dead, the same ball passing through 
 his squaw's neck, and the shoulders of his oldest pappoose, a 
 girl of about thirteen. 
 
 Whereupon the Indians fled with horrid yells ; the whites 
 pursued for some distance, firing as fast as possible, yet without 
 effect, while the women and children screamed and screached 
 piteously. The party then gave up the pursuit, returned and 
 buried the dead Indians, and proceeded to Warren to consult for 
 safety. The next day after the murder, Col. Hillman, with Mr. 
 Young and the late Judge Pease, of Warren, who had just ar- 
 rived, went to the Salt Springs, with a view of pacifying the In- 
 dians. Col. Hillman and others expected trouble, and in order 
 to show the Indians that the whites did not sanction the act, 
 judged it advisable to take McMahonand Story prisoners, which 
 they did the same day, at Warren. Col. H. had McMahon in 
 custody, but Story who was guarded by John Lane, escaped du- 
 ring the night. On the next day McMahon was brought to 
 Youngstown, and the setlers resolved to send him to Pittsburgh., 
 to be kept in confinement until tried. The affairs of the settle- 
 ment were at that time in a critical and alarming state, so much 
 so that the inhabitants of Youngstown and Warren packed up 
 their goods, and were upon the point of removing from the 
 country, as they had every reason to apprehend that the Indians 
 would take speedy vengeance. It was at this juncture that the 
 firmness and good sense of Col. Hillman were the means of sa- 
 ving the infant settlement from destruction. He advised send- 
 ing a deputation to the Indians then encamped on the Mahoning 
 river, and endeavor to avert the thereatened danger. Few men 
 would have dared to go, and it is quite certain no other man in 
 the settlement would have had any chance of success. He was 
 acquainted with their language, and knew their principal men, 
 and he was aware that in his trading intercourse with them, he 
 had acquired their confidence, and therefore felt no fear. Al- 
 though urged to do so, he would take no weapon of defense, but 
 accompanied by one, Randall, started very early the next morn- 
 ing on his hazardous enterprise, and came in sight of the In- 
 dians before sunrise. 
 
 The Indians, seventeen in number, were asleep, each with 
 his gun and powder horn, resting on a forked stick at his head. 
 Being in advance of Ilandall, he came within three rods of 
 them before he was discovered. A squaw was the only one 
 awake ; she immediately gave the alarm, which started every 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 21 
 
 warrior to his feet gun in hand. But seeing Col. H. and his 
 companion riding into their encampment without arms, and 
 unsuspicious of treachery or harm, they dropped their guns and 
 immediately gathered around their visitors. 
 
 Onandaga George, the principle man or chief, knew 
 Ilillman, and the late murder became the subject of a very 
 earnest conversation ; the chief exhibiting much feeling while 
 talking about it. Hillman told him frankly the object of their 
 visit, and talked freely about the affair, condemning McAlahon, 
 and assured him that McMahon was then on his way to Pitts- 
 burgh, and should stand trial for the murder he had committed. 
 Nothing could be done, however, until Captain Peters should 
 arrive with his braves. They were then encamped farther up 
 the river, near the present site of Deerfield, and were expected 
 to arrive that day, a messager having been sent for them. 
 
 In the course of the day they came, the countenance of Capt. 
 Peters, as soon as he saw a white man present, scowled with ha- 
 tred and defiance. Col. Hillman endeavored to pacify him, 
 but without effect. During the interview, a conversa- 
 tion was had between Capts. George and Peters, in the Seneca 
 language, in which Capt. George endeavored to persuade the 
 other, that they ought to kill Hillman and Randall, and before 
 the whites could unite in defense, dispatched them in detail. 
 But Capt. George would not agree to it, unwilling that Hill- 
 man, to whom he had taken a liking should be killed. It was 
 not known to either that Ilillman was accquainted with the 
 Seneca language, in which the conversation was held. Hill- 
 man succeeded, after several attempts, in drawing Capt. Pe- 
 ters aside, and offered him a considerable sum if he would go 
 to Cuyahoga on some business for the whites. 
 
 The conference however ended, tbelndians agreeing to meet 
 the whites in six days at Youngstown. Col. H. and his party 
 returned to Youngstown and made arrangements for the coun- 
 cil. The Indians made their appearance at the time appointed, 
 and after the ceremony of smoking, arguments were made 
 by both the whites and the Indians, and a satisfactory conclu- 
 sion arrived at, which was that McMahon should be tried by a 
 jury of his own color, for murder. 
 
 The trial took place soon after at Warren before the Judges, 
 Return J. Meigs and Benjamin Ives. Messrs. Gilman, Backus 
 and Tod were attorneys for the people, and Mr. Simple and John 
 S. Edwards for the Indians. On trial the prisoner was acquitted. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE DIARY OP THE LATE TURHARD KIRT- 
 LAND, ESQ. 
 
 On reviewing the diary of the late Turhard Kirtland, who 
 annually visited New Connecticut in the years 1798, '99 and 
 1800, several items which have a bearing on the early history of 
 Youngstown. He at that time was agent of the Connecticut 
 Land Company, and transacted most of the business connected 
 with the purchase of that township from that company by John 
 Young, and after whom it was named. 
 
 Judge Kirtland, in the fulfillment of his duty as agent, 
 laid out and opened a road through the wilderness, from the 
 Grand River, near Lake Erie, to Youngstown in 1798. He ar- 
 rived at the last named place with surveyors, chain men, &c, 
 on the 3d of August, and with Judge Young engaged in running 
 out the town. At the same time he surveyed the townships of 
 Button and of Poland. In the latter he then located the seat of 
 the mill, in the village, during the summer. His stopping 
 place seems to have been, while in Youngstown, at a Mr. Ste- 
 vens', while Judge Young had a residence in Warren. 
 
 August 80th he sold two lots and a mill seat (near the mouth 
 of Yellow Creek) to Esq. John Struthers, the locality in Poland 
 now known as Struthers. 
 
 In 1790, May 18th, he again was in Youngstown, stopping 
 with Mr. Stevens'. His brother-in-law, Jonathan Fowler, and 
 family, arrived there in a canoe from Pittsburgh, (by way of 
 the Ohio, Big Beaver and Mahoning Rivers. ) At evening Judge 
 Kirtland carried them to Poland in his wagon, where they all 
 lodged for the night by the side of a fire, with no shelter save 
 a big oak tree and the canopy of Heaven. The exact location 
 was on the home lot of the late Dr. Truesdale, a few roads west 
 of Yeliow Creek. 
 
 [Jonathan Fowler was father of Mrs. Thomas Riley, of 
 Poland, and Dr. Chauncey Fowler, of Canfield, and grandfather 
 of Dr. C. N. Fowler, of Youngstown.] 
 
 1799, September 1st, Sunday, he attended public worship at 
 Youngstown. The Rev. Win. Wick, from Washingion county, 
 Pennsylvania, delivered the iirst sermon ever preached on the 
 New Connecticut Reserve. 
 
 October 19th John Struthers and family arrived at Poland. 
 
 1800, June 16th, went from Poland to Youii::-'<'\vn to agree 
 on the place where the county seat should be located. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 23 
 
 June 19th, Messrs. Canfiekl, Young and King met J. 8. 
 Edwards at Fowler's tavern in Poland, to advise as to the loca- 
 tion of the county seat. 
 
 July 1st John Atkins, an old salt, returned to Poland with 
 a mail from Pittshburgh, the then nearest postoffice. Then he 
 obtained two lemons from another sailor who had turned pack- 
 horse man. T. Kirtland and Atkins immediately started, with 
 the lemons in charge, for Burton, and probably the first lemons 
 on the Western Reserve. 
 
 July 4th the good people of Burton and others from Con- 
 necticut assembled on the green, forty-two in number, partook 
 of a good dinner, and drank the usual patriotic toasts. Then 
 the President of the day caused the lemons to be mixed in a 
 milk-pan of punch, when he offered and drank as a toast, 
 "Here's to our wives and sweethearts at home." The vessel of 
 punch and the toast passed around the table till at length it 
 came to a Mr. B., who a few weeks before had fled from a 
 Xantippi of a wife in New England, to obtain a little respite, 
 and had joined the surveying party ; he promptly responded 
 thus to the toast : "Here's to our sweethearts at home, but the 
 d 1 take the wives." 
 
 August 23d Turhard Kirtland had partially recovered from 
 an attack of fever and ague. He went from Poland to Youngs- 
 town to get his horse shod ; was required to blow and strike for 
 the smith. This threw him into an aggravated relapse of the 
 disorder, which was at length cured by taking teaspoonful 
 doses of the bark every hour. He adds : "I found that Joseph 
 McMahon and the people of Warren had killed two Indians at 
 Salt Spring, on Sunday, 20th, in a hasty and inconsiderate 
 manner ; and they had sent after a number (of Indians) that 
 had gone off, in order to hold a conference and settle the unhap- 
 py and unprovoked breach they had made on the Indians. 
 They had agreed on Wednesday, 30th, to hold a conference at 
 Esq. Young's, and had sent for an interpreter to attend, who 
 arrived this day, in company with an Indian chief and his lady 
 on horseback." 
 
 Wednesday, July 30, went to Youngstown (from Poland) 
 to attend the conference with the Indians on account of the 
 murder of two of their principal men at Salt Spring on Sunday, 
 20th by Joseph McMahon and Storey. We assembled about :>( M I 
 {whites) and 10 Indians, had a very friendly talk, and agreed to 
 make peace and live as friends. 
 
24 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Monday, August 25th, went to Warren, met the Judges and 
 Justices of the county, when they all took the oaths of the of- 
 fice, and proceeded to open the Courts of Quarter Sessions and 
 Common Pleas : appointed constables, and summoned eighteen 
 grand jurors. Bills of indictment found against Joseph Mc- 
 Mahon and Richard Storey for murder. 
 
 Sunday, September 14th, Sample, the counsel for McMahon, 
 went on to Youngstown. The prisoner is on the way from Mc- 
 intosh (Beaver) with the sheriff and an escort of twenty-five 
 troops from the garrison at Pittsburgh to guard him to Warren, 
 where a court is to be held on Thursday, for his trial for the 
 murder of Capt. George and George Tuscarava (Indians) at Salt 
 Spring. 
 
 Wednesday, September 17th, went to the court at Warren, 
 Meigs and Gilman, the Judges. Messrs. Edwards, Pease, Tod, 
 Tappan and Abbott admitted as counselors at law by this court. 
 
 Thursday, September 19th, prisoner (McMahon) brought in; 
 traverse jury summoned. 
 
 Friday, September 19th, witnessess examined. 
 
 Saturday, September 20th, case argued; verdict, acquittal. 
 
 The following is from the pen of Roswell M. Grant, uncle 
 of President Grant, and addressed to the Pioneer Association of 
 Youngstown : 
 
 Mayslick, Mason Co., Ky., Sept. 7th, 1874. 
 George A. Young, Esq., 
 
 Dear Sir— I have just received yours of August 28, also a 
 circular inviting me to a reunion of old citizens and pioneers of 
 Youngstown, Ohio. Nothing would have given me more pleas- 
 ure than to meet you on that occasion. Had I only received a 
 notice ten days sooner I would certainly have done so. As I 
 am a farmer, and Thursday next is the day set, it is impossible 
 for me to leave upon so short notice 
 
 Looking over the circular it has brought to my mind many 
 old reminiscences : My mother died in Deerfield in 1805. My 
 father moved to Youngstown the same year. He carried on 
 tannery business. My sister Susan and brother Jesse lived with 
 .1 udge George Tod. Margaret and myself lived with Col. James 
 Hillman on a farm over the river and opposite town. My 
 father sold his tanyard to John E. Woodbridge, and moved to 
 Maysville, 3£y., leaving Margaret and myself with Col. Hill- 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 25 
 
 man about the year 1820. Col. Hillman about the same time 
 sold his farm and moved over to town to keep a hotel. At that 
 time the citizens were as follows : 1st, above Col. Rayen was J. 
 E. Woodbridge; 2d, John F. Townsend, hatter; 3d, Col. 
 William Rayen, farmer; 4th, William Sherman, hatter; 5th, 
 opposite, George Tod; Gth, Mr. Abrara, chair maker; 7th, 
 Samuel Stuart, tavern, (Col. Hillman bought Stuart out) ; 8th r 
 opposite, Dr. Dutton ; 9th, Esquire Baldwin, farmer; 10th, 
 Kilpatrick, blacksmith ; 11th, Henry Wick, merchant; 12th, 
 Hugh Bryson, merchant ; 13th, Lawyer Hine; 14th, Mr. Bissell; 
 1 5th, Mr. Bruce, shoemaker ; 16th, Rev. Mr. Duncan. The above 
 areaU the citizens there were in Youngstown from 1805 up to 
 L810. 
 
 I well remember the Indians coming down the river in 
 canoes and camping in Col. Hillman's sugar camp, at the lower 
 end of the farm, and upon the river bank. They would stay 
 some days. Also the old chief would come to see Col. Hillman 
 to settle some dispute between them. They would bring from 
 thirty to fifty warriors with them. They would stop at the 
 plum orchard at the upper end of the farm. These visits were 
 often. I had forgotten to mention the names of Mr. Hogue, a 
 tailor, and Moses Crawford, who lived below Judge Tod's on the 
 bank of the river. Crawford tended Col. Hillman's mill. 
 Bears, wolves, deer and wild turkey were plenty. I went to 
 school in the old log school house eight years, to Master Xoyes 
 five years of the time. David Tod, Franklin Thorne, and my- 
 self were leaders of all mischief, so said Master Noyes. 
 
 In the war of 1812 the whole country was drafted and ren- 
 dezvoused in Youngstown. After they left, Capt. Applegate, 
 Lieut. Bushnell, and Ensign Reeves enlisted one hundred men 
 for one year. During the enlistment Capt. Dillon's son, with 
 an elder fife, and myself with a drum, furnished the music. 
 Col. William Rayen commanded the regiment. Judge Tod 
 had a Colonel's commission in the regular army. Col. Hillman 
 volunteered, and after arriving at Sandusky Gen. Harrison ap- 
 pointed him Wagon Master General of the U. S. Army. John, 
 E. Woodbridge was paymaster. Mr. Hogue, Moses Crawford, 
 Dr. Dutton, Henry Wick, Hugh Bryson, and Mr. Bruce were 
 all the men left in Youngstown during the war. I had forgot- 
 ten Mr. Thorne, a cabinet maker, who lived near the old school 
 house. 
 
126 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Jesse R. Grant left Judge Tod's in 1810. Went to Mays- 
 ville, Ky., and finished his trade with my brother Peter. Went 
 to Deerfield, Ohio, about the year 1815. Took charge of my 
 father's old tan yard. Sold out and went to Ravenna. Carried 
 on the business until 1821. He then went to Point Pleasant, 
 forty miles below Maysville. Sunk a tan yard there. Same 
 year he married Miss Hannah Simpson, where U. S. Grant was 
 born April 27th, 1822. 
 
 I left Youngstown in 1818. Went to Ravenna. Stayed there 
 until 1820. I then went to Maysville, Ky. Finished my trade 
 with my brother Peter Grant. After following my trade twenty- 
 eight years, I quit tanning, bought me a farm of 775 acres on the 
 Great Kanawah river, nine miles below Charleston, the capital 
 of West Virginia. During the late war I was so annoyed by 
 both armies, I rented the farm out, came here in 1862, bought a 
 small farm where I now live, thirteen miles south of Maysville 
 and one mile from Mayslick, Mason county, Ky. I am now 
 seventy-three years old, weigh one hundred and eighty-five 
 pounds, hale and hearty, never sick. In the last fifty years I 
 haven't taken ten cents worth of medicine. Hardly a grey hair 
 in my head. Some thiuk 1 am not over fifty-five or sixty. I 
 must now come to a close and take this to the office. I forgot to 
 say that I have voted the true Democrat ticket for fifty-two 
 years, with one exception. I did not vote for Horace Greeley. 
 His Democracy did not suit me. If there should be any old 
 citizens at the meeting that recollect me, I would be pleased to 
 have them write to me. I now think I will make you a visit 
 soon. If this should reach you before the 10th please give the 
 old pioneers my very best wishes, and I am truly sorry I cannot 
 be with them. It would have been one of the proudest days of 
 
 of my life. 
 
 I remain yours truly, 
 
 Roswell M. Grant. 
 
 Sketches of the medical men of Youngstown, and the West- 
 ern Reserve, by Dr. Theodatus Garlick, of Bedford, Ohio, but 
 formerly of Youngstown : 
 
 Among the pioneers of the Western Reserve there were, as 
 a matter of course, many medical men who located at such 
 points as gave promise of growing up into towns and vilages. 
 It may be said of these men that a large majority of them were 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 27 
 
 persons of more than ordinary abilities. With many of them 
 I had the good fortune to be intimately acquainted. Most of 
 them have long since passed away. 
 
 Youngstown was one of the points that attracted the 
 attention of some of the aspirants to fame and wealth. Dr. 
 Charles Button was the first physician who settled in Youngs- 
 town, being in the year 1801, as I am informed by Dr. Kirtland. 
 He was regarded, by the medical men of the Reserve, as an able 
 man, a very good surgeon for those days, and a successful phy- 
 sician, was thought to be somewhat heroic in his practice. I 
 was intimately acquainted with him, but not until he had re- 
 tired from the practice of his profession. 
 
 Dr. Dutton was a shrewd man, possessed discriminating 
 judgment, somewhat eccentric, sometimes a little rough, very 
 social, — having a large share of those kindly feelings which go 
 into the m^ke-up of a good physician ; and I may add, enter 
 largely into the composition of a good man. He studied med- 
 icine with Dr. Jared Potter, an eminent physician of Connecti- 
 cut, the grandfather of Prof. Jared Potter Kirtland. Dr. Dut- 
 ton being his last, and Dr. Lemuel Hopkins, of Connecticut, the 
 author of the "Epitaph on the Victim of a Cancer Quack," and 
 other similar poetic effusions, (see Poets of Connecticut,) being 
 his first student. 
 
 Dr. Henry Manning settled in Youngstown in 1811, he being 
 the second physician who settled there. He studied medicine 
 in Connecticut, his native State, his preceptor being Dr. Tracy, 
 so Dr. Kirtland informs me. The manner and style of these 
 two eminent physicians were as unlike as that of two medical 
 men could be, and both be good physicians. Dr. Manning was 
 a very quiet man, entirely free from dash and show, was a man 
 of few words, but could talk, and talk well. I do not believo 
 it could be said of hiai that he was ever known to make a weak 
 or foolish remark. He was quite social in his way, enjoyed a 
 good joke hugely, but very quietly. He was brim full of prac- 
 tical common sense, which he made daily use of all his long 
 and useful life. Ho was a very careful observer, moved slowly, 
 arrived at his conclusions after mature deliberation, and proba- 
 bly made as few mistakes as the best. I have often said that I 
 learned more from him of the management of our low forms 
 of fever than from all other sources together. He was a good 
 surgeon, possessed in an eminent degree all the qualities required 
 to make one cool, never excited, with a hand not only steady) 
 
28 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 but possessed of much mechanical skill in the use of surgical 
 instruments, an important quality in a surgeon. The first time 
 I ever saw the operation made for cataract of the eye, it was 
 performed by him. I never saw it done better or more success- 
 fully, and I have seen it performed many times since by differ- 
 ent surgeons, and made it many times myself. He once suc- 
 cessfully removed an immense uterine polypus, and made 
 many other surgical operations that required great skill and 
 coolness. His moral character was without stain or blemish. 
 For some years before his death he was blind from cataracts in 
 both eyes, but was cheerful and bore his great affliction with 
 quiet submission. After he became blind he used to visit me 
 in the city of Cleveland twice or thrice a year, and I distinctly 
 remember that I could see no falling off in his mental powers, 
 his conversations were as instructive and entertaining ar ever. 
 He died at the ripe old age of eighty-two, if my memory is not 
 at fault. 
 
 The next physician who settled in Youngstown was Charles 
 G. Cook, in the year 1824, I think. He was a nephew of Dr. 
 Dutton and emigrated from Connecticut. He studied medicine 
 with Prof. Eli Ives, of New Haven, and graduated from the 
 Medical Department of Yale College. He was a good physician, 
 ranked quite above the average of the medical profession. He 
 did not make much pretension as a surgeon, though he did oc- 
 casionally make surgical operations. Was quite polished in his 
 manners, indeed more so than any physician that I was ever 
 acquainted with in Youngstown, a genial, gentlemanly person, 
 entirely free from every low vice ; added to these good qualities 
 he was a fine musician, both vocal and instrumental. He died 
 a few years since, leaving an unblemished reputation both as a 
 physician and a citizen. 
 
 During the lifetime of the above named physicians Doctors 
 Lemuel Wick, J. I Tod, and Dr. Tyler practiced medicine for a 
 few years previous to 1834. Doctors Wick and Tod abandoned 
 the practice before 1834, and Dr. Tyler who followed soon after 
 Doctors Wick and Tod retired, died in 1833, 1 think. 
 
 The medical career of these gentlemen was respectable, 
 though brief. Dr. Wick is still living in Cleveland, in which 
 city Dr. Tod died some twelve or more years since. 
 
 On 9th day of Septempter, 1834, I settled in Youngstown, 
 having graduated from the University of Maryland in the month 
 of March previous, and practiced medicine and surgery until I 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PBESENT. 2U 
 
 removed to Cleveland in 1853, and associated myself with Dr. 
 H. A. Ackly, Prof, of surgery in the Cleveland Medical College. 
 I then gave my attention almost exclusively to surgery as long 
 as I continued to practice, which I abandoned some years since. 
 I am now nearly seventy years old, certainly old enough to quit. 
 Can't say that I have always "done my best," but hope it may 
 be said of me when I am gone that I was not an entirely useless 
 member of the profession. 
 
 Of the present members of the Medical profession with whom 
 I am acquainted, who commenced the practice of medicine in 
 Youngstown after I did are Dr. J. Woodbridge, who commen- 
 ced shortly after and Drs. J. McCurdy and Fowler, who com- 
 menced after I left Youngstown, all of whom enjoy and de- 
 serve to enjoy good professional reputations. 
 
 The foregoing is a verybrief statement of my knowledge of the 
 Physicians of Youngstown,and while I am "doing" the Doctors of 
 Youngstown I would like to incorporate in this article the 
 names of some of the more prominent medical men of the West- 
 ern Reserve of an early date, who did not reside in Youngstown. 
 First, and the most eminent among them all was and is (for 
 he is alive to-day, and if alive to-morrow will be 81 years old,) 
 Jared Potter Kirtland,M. D., LL. D. Dr. Kirtland settled in 
 1823. He has been one of the hardest workers I ever knew, not 
 only as a physician, but in all departments of the natural scien- 
 ces, in fact in almost every branch of useful knowledge, being 
 well and favorably known as a scientific man throughout the 
 United States and in Europe. This remarkable man delivered 
 twenty-six full courses of lectures on the theory and practice of 
 medicine, five courses at the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincin- 
 nati, one course in Willoughby, and twenty courses at the Cleve- 
 land Medical College. Although past four score years of age, 
 he is hard at his work, enjoying extraordinary health, "frosty 
 yet kindly." He cells me that he never was so much hurried 
 with work as now. I think him the finest specimen of an old 
 man I ever saw. His motions are as quick and lively as those 
 of a boy of fourteen, looks as fresh and vigorous as a young man, 
 bidding fair to stay with us many years. 
 
 Doctor Peter Allen, who settled in Kinsman at an early day 
 was another physicion well and widely known. A dilligent 
 student to the day of his death, and in all respects one of the 
 very be 3 t of men. 
 
80 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Doctor Elijah Flower, settled in the township of Brookfield 
 at an early day. He was my medical precepter for three of the 
 pleasantest years of my life. He was well and favorably known 
 as a superior physician and surgeon all through the Western Re- 
 serve. He was one of the most genial men I ever knew, and one 
 of the most popular. I should speak well of him on all accounts, 
 but more especially for the reason that he gave me two of his 
 lovely daughters for wives — not both at once, however. 
 
 I will only add a few more names such as I can call to 
 mind at this late date, all of whom stood high in their profes- 
 sion, and who came into the county at an early day. Dr. John 
 B. Harmon, of Warren; Dr. John W. Seely, of Howland; Dr. 
 David Long, of Cleveland, whom I knew when I was a boy 
 Dr. J. Town, of Hudson; Dr. Wilcox, of Hartford ; Dr. Math/ 
 ews, of Painsville; Dr. Hawley, of Austinburg; Dr. Tickner^ 
 of Canfield, afterwards appointed surgeon in the United States 
 Navy ; Dr. Daniel Upson, first in Hartford, then Worthington, 
 and afterward Talmadge ; Drs. Amos and Philo Wright, Tal- 
 madge ; Dr. Warner, of Jefferson, Ashtabula county ; Dr. Cole- 
 man, of Colebvook, Ashtabula county, and Dr. Saunders, Peru, 
 Huron county. 
 
 All of these men were distinguished in their profession and 
 
 as citizens. There were several others that I cannot call to mind; 
 
 nearly all of them emigrated from Connecticut, all were New 
 
 England men, a goodly and useful set of men in their day and 
 
 generation. 
 
 Theodatus Gaklick, M. D. 
 
 Bedford, Cuyahoga County, O., Nov. 9th, 1874. 
 
C II A P TEK III 
 
 YOTXIKrGSTOWZNr PRESENT- 
 
 In the preceding chapters we have traced the rise and pro- 
 gress of the village of Youngstown, from the time the first 
 white man settled in the Valley to the organization of a village,, 
 with the incidents connected therewith, and the population of 
 the village, at different times, till the year 1847. Prior to that date 
 the growth of the village was slow. The opening of the Ohio and 
 Pennsylvania Canal was the first public project taken hold of 
 for the benefit of the settlers in the Valley. This canal was com- 
 pleted in 1840, and formed a channel of communication between 
 the Ohio river and Lake Erie, and did a good business in the- 
 transportation of produce along its line, and in the transportation 
 of heavy ordnance. About this time Gov. Tod became 
 engaged in experimenting with the bituminous coal, then dis- 
 covered to exist at different points in the Valley, for the pur- 
 pose of testing it for heating purposes. This project proved to 
 be a success. Small quantities of coal were mined and shipped 
 to Cleveland in boats. This was the beginning of what now 
 forms the basis of the great industries of Youngstown and the 
 Mahoning Valley. In the year 1846 it was accidentally discov- 
 ered that ore could be reduced by the use of the raw coal 
 thus obviating the necessity of coking. The attention of Iron 
 Manufacturers was turned in this direction, and furnaces for 
 the manufacture of pig iron sprang up at various points in the 
 Valley ; rolling mills and machine shops followed in rapid suc- 
 cession, and Youngstown soon presented the appearance of a 
 manufacturing city. 
 
 Another event in the history of Youngstown which gave 
 fresh imputus to its growth was the opening of the Cleveland 
 & Mahoning Railroad, a great through route to develop more 
 fully the mineral and agricultural resources of Trumbull and 
 
32 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Mahoning, and to find a market for their products at Cleveland. 
 Accordingly by a special act passed February 22d, 1848, a charter 
 was procured for the construction of a road from some point in 
 Cleveland to some point in or near the village of Warren, with 
 the right to continue the road eventually to the east line of the 
 State ; also with power to connect with any railroad in this 
 State, running in the same direction, or with any railroad in- 
 corporated by the State of Pennsylvania ; and to continue the 
 road into Pennsylvania to any point authorized by the General 
 Assembly of said State. 
 
 The company was incorporated under this charter in 1851, 
 and a Board of Directors elected, of which Dudley Baldwin, of 
 Cleveland, was one. Negotiations were opened with the Penn- 
 sylvania and Ohio Railroad, and the Erie and Pittsburgh Rail- 
 road, with a view to connection with their roads, but without 
 success. 
 
 Great expectations were formed by the original projectors 
 of this road as to the amount of local trade that would be se- 
 cured. The iron trade of the Mahoning Valley was rapidly 
 growing into importance. Seven furnaces were in operation, pro- 
 ducing 300 tons of iron per week, three large rolling mills for 
 the manufacture of iron were in existence and others projected, 
 and it was believed that the iron business alone would soon 
 amount to 100 tons per day, a large share of which would pass 
 over this road. The coal trade was likewise very extensive and 
 rapidly increasing, having risen from 26,000 tons, shipped by the 
 Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal to Akron, and thence by Ohio 
 Canal to Cleveland, in 1849, to 185,000 tons in 1852, and it was 
 estimated that this quantity would swell up to 250,000 tons, or 
 800 tons per day, by 1856, the bulk of which would ultimately 
 pass over this road, These anticipations have been more than 
 realized. The road was also to run through the great cheese 
 making region of Ohio, which was then growing into rapid 
 proportions, while the amount of flour manufactured on the line 
 of the road would not be less than 350 barrels daily. Besides, 
 there would be the miscellaneous trade of a rich and densely 
 peopled agricultural region, interspersed with flourishing vil- 
 lages. 
 
 Finally these considerations led the directors to decide on 
 laying out the road, beginning at Cleveland, on the west side, 
 and running through Scranton's hill to Newburgh, Bedford, 
 Aurora, Mantua, and Warren, fifty-three miles, and thence 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 through the northwestern part of Mahoning county to Poland, 
 and from that point to Enon, a station on the line of P., F. & 
 O. R. W., and a considerable amount of stock was purchased 
 by the citizens of Poland and vicinity, as an inducement to the 
 company to complete the road upon their survey. This route 
 would have left Youngstown and the coal producing region of 
 the valley several miles east of the line, and the construction 
 of a branch road from Youngstown to Poland seemed an im- 
 probable event, hence the chance for an outlet for the coal trade 
 would have received no improvement from this enterprise. 
 
 Matters w r ere in this shape, when the late David Tod, then 
 a resident of Brier Hill, returned from his mission as United 
 States minister at Brazil, and who was working his mines 
 at Brier Hill. At once forseeing the error of this survey, he was 
 instrumental in having it changed by continuing from Warren 
 down the Mahoning Valley, thus penetrating the heart of the 
 iron and coal producing region. 
 
 On the 11th of February, 1853, the Legislature of Pennsyl- 
 vania passed an act incorporating the Company in that State, 
 granting the full aud entire assent of that State to all and each 
 of the provisions of the Ohio act of incorporation. Two other 
 acts were passed by the Legislature of Pennsylvania in which 
 the Company is recognized as a corporation of that State, on the 
 same terms as are granted by the State of Ohio. Pursuant to 
 these acts repeated attempts were made to carry the road into 
 Pennsylvania, but owing to the opposition of the Pittsburgh 
 and Erie Road, and especially of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne 
 & Chicago Road, the desired extension was not accomplished. 
 Serious embarrassments growing out of the altered condition of 
 the money market had also to be encountered by the Company, 
 which nothing but the determination and self-sacrifice of the 
 directors could have overcome ; and at length, in 1857, after five 
 or six years of persevering effort, and almost perplexing diffi- 
 culties, the road was opened through to Youngstown. A branch 
 road from Youngstown to the State line between Ohio and 
 Pennsylvania, in Hubbard township, called the Hubbard 
 Branch was also built. The coal and iron of the Mahoning 
 Valley were thus made accessible by a quick and easy route. 
 
 On the 7th of October, 1863, the Company leased its road 
 and Hubbard Branch, for the term of ninety-nine years to the 
 Atlantic and Great Western Railroad Company, in New York, 
 
34 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad Company of Penn- 
 sylvania, and the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad Company 
 of Ohio, said three Companies being known in the aggregate as 
 the Atlantic and Great Western Railway Line, (subsequently 
 consolidated into the Great Western Railway Company), and 
 the same is now known as the Mahoning Branch of the Atlan- 
 tic and Great Western Railway. 
 
 The benefits accruing from the enterprise were greater than 
 the bold projector ever anticipated. Although competing lines 
 have been built from Youngstown to the Lake Shore, the traffic 
 is increased by the continued development of the coal trade, 
 and the rapid increase in manufacture, trade and commerce. 
 
 The city of Youngstown as it is to-day contains all the ad- 
 vantages of cities of the first class. The City Directory published 
 by Wiggins &McKiIlop, in the fall of 1874, contains 4,121 names- 
 making an estimate of 3} to each name, we make a popu- 
 lation of 14,323. 
 
 The public buildings, in point of architectural beauty and 
 permanence in construction, are of the highest order. Recently 
 several new and handsome business blocks have been erected, 
 and others are in contemplation ; which are and will be standing 
 monuments of enterprise and prosperity. The opera house, 
 erected at the north-west corner of the Diamond, is built in 
 the most modern style and finish, artistically designed, second 
 to none in the State. 
 
 There is no inland city in the country that can offer to the 
 public better Hotel accommodations than Youngstown. The 
 Tod House was built during the years 18G8-G9, by Messrs. 
 Stambaugh, Crandall & Tod, at a cost of $125,000. The house 
 contains sixty-five rooms, which are supplied with all the 
 modern improvements for the comfort and convenience of 
 guests. The building was leased in 1874 by Messrs. Henkle & 
 Bowman, the present proprietors. The Maitland House is one 
 of the oldest hotel buildings, and recently has been enlarged. 
 There are several other houses conducted on a smaller scale ; 
 .some of them figured as the leading hotels in town in days 
 gone by. 
 
 The streets are mostly laid out east and west and north and 
 south ; are wide and graded and paved, and supplied with a 
 good system of sewerage. Rents are reasonable, taxes are even 
 les9 than are imposed in other cities of the same class, when 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 35 
 
 the fact is taken into consideration that most of the im- 
 provement in streets and public buildings have only recently 
 been made, and are now in process of construction. 
 
 A charter has been granted to the Youngstown Street Rail- 
 way Company to build a street railway, beginning at Hazelton 
 and extending through Youngstown to Briar Hill, a distance of 
 four miles. The projectors of this enterprise are H. Tod, R. 
 Montgomery, George Wilson, Samuel McCartny, and Samuel 
 Wallace. The contract for the construction of the road is under 
 the management of Messrs. Mackey Brothers, and the work 
 will be pushed to completion at an early date. 
 
 The following table shows the indebtedness, funded and 
 unfunded, of the principal second class cities in the State, in 
 September 1st, 1873 : 
 
 CITIES. 
 
 ion of 
 
 Property. 
 1873. 
 
 3 Of | 
 
 ■°" Amount of Debts, 
 tor all lS73 
 
 35.1 
 
 L" ._ 
 
 22. Li 
 
 26.2 
 
 20.8 
 
 2;!..") 
 
 26.5 
 
 21.1 
 
 23. 
 
 23.6 
 
 28.5 
 
 30. 
 
 19. 
 
 24.6 
 
 18. 
 
 19.6 
 
 27.3 
 
 23.8 
 
 $ 51,81 
 
 218,807 77 
 
 36,750 00 
 
 1,081, SIS 75 
 
 SS.1,170 00 
 
 229,518 25 
 18,568 00 
 .07, -100 00 
 
 182,000 00 
 
 Secont'- Class. 
 
 Akron $ 6,685,997 21. G 
 
 Canton 5,011,180 
 
 Chillicothe 4,542,917 
 
 Columbus 25,279,700 
 
 Dayton 19,950,470 
 
 Hamilton 5,836,065 
 
 Lancaster 2,524,700 
 
 Mansfield 4,799,150 
 
 Marietta 2,595,725 
 
 Massillon 2,710,560 
 
 Mt. Vernon 2,229,139 
 
 Newark 3,870,138 
 
 Portsmouth 5,607,213 
 
 Sandusky 4,141,854 
 
 Springfield 8,390,736 
 
 Steuben ville.... 5,618,150 
 
 Warren 2,487,462 
 
 Xenia 3,330,548 
 
 Youngstown.... 4,010,012 
 
 Zanesville 7,370,560 
 
 A means for supplying the manufactories and private resi- 
 dences with water, and also to provide against calamities by 
 fire, became a necessity as the population and business of the 
 town increased, which led to the erection of the present 
 water works, which were completed July 18, 1872. The works 
 are erected on the Holly system, and have a capacity of 1,500,000 
 gallons every 24 hours against a pressure equal to 153 feet head. 
 The machinery consists of one set of double cylinder, crank 
 
 purposes 
 
 1873. 
 
 8,000 00 
 
 248,710 00 
 
 28,500 00 
 
 64,692 42 
 
 86,000 00 
 
 12,482 7a 
 
 ',7,250 OH 
 
 177,500 00 
 
 029,543 18 
 
36 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 vailable, cut-off, condensing engines, cylinder 14x24 inches, 
 connected to one crank in such a manner that both may be run 
 at the same time, or either separately, and are erected on a heavy 
 ornamental arched iron frame. The works are driven by one of 
 Holly's Patent Rotary Steam Engines, of 150 horse power. The 
 works are located on the Mahoning river, west of the city, and 
 are among the finest in the State. The entire cost of their con- 
 struction was $150,000. There are now about twelve miles of main 
 pipes laid through the streets in the city, and 4,300 feet are now 
 being laid. There are about 539 connections made for private 
 purposes. 
 
 In 1866 a company was formed for the purpose of establish- 
 ing works to supply the city with gas, and on the evening of 
 January 14th, 1867, Youngstown, for the first time, was lighted 
 with gas. The consumption of gas during the month of March, 
 folio wing, was 116,000 cubic feet,and for the same t month in 1868, 
 291,200; 1869, 547,300; 1870, 582,900; 1871, 800,600; 1872, 
 1,404,000; in 1873, 1,091,000 cubic feet. There are 40,000 feet of 
 main pipe laid through the various streets, and the company 
 have five hundred meters out, and one hundred and forty-eight 
 street lamps erected. During the year 1872 the works were 
 rebuilt and enlarged, having now a capacity for supplying 
 130,000 feet per day. 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN CHURCHES. 
 
 One of the first acts of the early pioneers of the Western 
 Reserve was to arrange a place for holding Divine services. And 
 prominent among these settlers was the pioneer missionary, 
 whose toils, privations and vicissitudes should not escape the 
 historian's pen. The evidence of religious sentiment among 
 the first settlers was quite consistent with their New England 
 culture, and was adhered to with a jealous affection throughout 
 their early struggles that merits the warmest admiration. 
 Social religious services, held in primitive log or frame build- 
 ings, appear to have been quite common in those days, notwith- 
 standing the smalln&ss of the population and the poverty of the 
 people, although they must have had to encounter many 
 difficulties on these accounts, as well as from the diversity of 
 religious opinion, and the hostility of influential men, who 
 were opposed to religious institutions. Undeterred, however, 
 by these adverse influences, the early pioneers adhered faithfully 
 to their convictions, and persevered with their meetings in the 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, TAST AND PRESENT. 37 
 
 school-house or dwelling until they were able to construct halls 
 or buildings, or could make arrangement to organize religious 
 societies and build churches. The inducements set forth to 
 influence young men to enter the ministry and labor among the 
 pioneer settlers were not of a very promising nature, and indeed 
 it seems as if nothing but a sincere sense of duty would influence 
 in choosing a life and calling fraught with so many hardships. 
 As the fruit of the labors of these earl y Christians, Youngstown 
 at this time enjoys the privileges of eleven churches : two 
 Presbyterians, one United Presbyterian, one Methodist Epis- 
 copal, one Methodist Protestant, one Christian, one Baptist, 
 one Welsh Baptist, one Welsh Presbyterian, one Episcopal, one 
 (Jerman and one English Lutheran, one Catholic Church and 
 Cathedral. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 The First Presbyterian Church of Youngstown is the oldest 
 church organization on the Western Reserve. The early records 
 of the society having been lost, it is difficult to arrive at the 
 correct date of its organization. It is probable that it was organ- 
 ized about the year 1800, by the Presbytery of Ohio. Upon the 
 organization of the Presbytery of Erie, April 13th, 1802, this 
 congregation was included within its bounds. Its Presbyterial 
 connection was again changed in 1S08, upon the organization 
 of Hartford Presbytery, when it remained until the division of 
 1837. The Presbytery of Beaver, successor to the Hartford 
 Presbytery, adhered to the Old School branch. After the separa- 
 tion, it deciding to unite itself with the New School wing of the 
 Church, this congregation, by request, was admitted to the care 
 of the Trumbull Presbytery, and remained so until 1870, when 
 the Presbytery itself was dissolved and the Presbytery of Ma- 
 honing formed, and it is, in point of membership and wealth, 
 the strongest Church in that Presbytery. 
 
 The first church edifice was erected probably as early as 1802, 
 near the north-west corner of Wood street and Wick avenue, 
 immediately opposite the present church building. A new 
 building was erected in 1835, on Federal street, and occupied 
 until 180(5, when the present house was opened for service. The 
 first regular pastor of this church was the Rev. Willian V\ T ick, 
 who graduated at Cannonsburg, Pa., in the year 1797, was 
 licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Erie in 1799, was 
 installed into the pastorate of this church in 1800, to preach half 
 
38 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 of his time, and continued to be its pastor until his death, which 
 event occurred the 2Gth day of March, 1815. The second pastor 
 was the Rev. John Core, who was installed June 25th, 1817, and 
 was also pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Brookfield and 
 Vienna. After serving the congregation faithfully for six years, 
 his relations with this church were dissolved, which occurred 
 April 10th, 1823. From this date to the year 1830, the pulpit 
 was supplied by the Rev. Enoch Balten and Nathan Harned. 
 Rev. Ward Stafford was installed as the third pastor, April 5th, 
 1830, and continued till 1837, when he was released. Mr. Staf- 
 ford's successor was the Rev. Charles A. Boardraan, whose 
 pastoral relation was dissolved by request in 1854. For five 
 years succeeding this date the pulpit was supplied by the Rev. 
 Frederick Brown. Rev. Levi B. Wilson was installed as the 
 fifth pastor of this church Nov. 9th, 1859, and remained in 
 charge till 1889, when the relations were dissolved. The sixth 
 and present pastor, Rev. Daniel H. Evans, was installed May 
 5th, 1870. 
 
 METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 
 
 Prominent among church enterprise in the pioneer days, 
 were representatives of the Methodist faiih, who began their 
 labors here, with the beginning of the present century. The 
 Baltimore conference was responsible for the supply of this part 
 of the work, with the ministry of this early day. At its session 
 in the city of Baltimore, April 1st, 1803, Shadrick Bostwick 
 was appointed a missionary to Deerfield Circuit, under Rev. 
 Thornton Fleming, Presiding Elder of the Pittsburgh District, 
 who had been in the same field two years preceeding. Mr. 
 Bostwick was a practicing physician, but had given twelve 
 years almost exclusively to the preaching of the Gospel in 
 Eastern Pennsylvania, New York, and the New England States. 
 On his appointment to this work, he erected a house in Deer- 
 field, Ohio, and located his family there ; he penetrated the 
 forests in different directions, establishing appointments and 
 organizing societies,in which he accomplished much good among 
 the people. Rev. Gregg, in hi? history of Methodism, says of 
 Mr. Bostwick : "He was induced to visit Youngstown, Maho- 
 ning county, Ohio, where he found a small log house, built by 
 the citizens, and ocoupied by the Presbyterians for a church, in 
 which he asked permissiom to preach, but was promptly and 
 positively refused. Judge Rayen, a prominent < izen of the 
 place, though not a professor of religion, invited Lie Doctor to 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 39 
 
 preach in his barn, which he consented to do until a better place 
 was provided. Soon after the Doctor commenced preaching in 
 Youngstown, he formed a class, consisting of Moses Crawford 
 and wife, John Hogue and wife, Isaac Powers, and Mr. Braden, 
 six in number." 
 
 The faithfulness of Moses Crawford and wife was indeed 
 -commendable. Prior to the organization of a class in Youngs- 
 town, one "Father Crawford" was conducting a class in Hub- 
 bard, about six miles distant. It was the custom of this old 
 couple to attend services and class at that place every Sunday, 
 walking there and return, often carrying an infant with them. 
 The Youngstown class was held for some time in the old log 
 school house which stood on or near the north-west corner of the 
 Diamond. This place of meeting, however, was abandoned and 
 the private residences of the pioneer members substituted. 
 
 In the year 1801 Thornton Fleming was again appointed 
 Presiding Elder of the District, and Shadrick Bostwick, preacher 
 on the Deerfield circuit, and in charge at Youngstown. At 
 the expiration of this year, Dr. Bostwick located and began the 
 practice of medicine, officiating meanwhile in the capacity of 
 local preacher. He removed to Canfield, Ohio, 1807, where he 
 resided till his death, which occurred in 1837. 
 
 Mr. Gregg, in his history of the Erie Conference, says of 
 this charge in 1805: "The Erie and Deerfield circuit at this time 
 was more than four hundred miles in circumference. And this 
 journey, to be accomplished every four weeks, was along blind 
 paths, formed by marked trees, across swollen, unbridged 
 streams, over rugged precipices and high hills, now winding 
 around steep, rocky mountain sides, and then plunging through 
 deep, miery morasses, sometimes camping in the woods all 
 night, wearied and hungry, resting his back upon the root of 
 some forest tree, while his faithful horse stood tied up without 
 a mouthful to eat, and not unfrequently encountering wild 
 beasts, rude savage men, and venomous serpents." 
 
 The first house of worship was built by this society about 
 the year 1810. The lot upon which it was built was on Phelps 
 street, near where the present church building stands, and cost 
 the sum of twenty dollars. Later this building was enlarged, 
 and about the year 1818 it was removed to its present location. 
 During the year 1820, a Sunday School was organized, which 
 was the first regularly organized Sunday School in the place. 
 
40 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 The society was somewhat damaged during the year 1830' 
 by a split in the Church ; about fifty, members representing the 
 greater portion of the society, seceded and formed a new society 
 —the Methodist Protestant Church. This division was keenly 
 felt by the remaining members, but although the most active and 
 influential of its members withdrew from the old Church, yet 
 the indomitable energy which characterized the early mem- 
 bers, still predominated among the remaining few, who com- 
 mencing the battle anew, soon succeeded in repairing the breach 
 that had been made in their ranks, and as a trophy of their 
 labors the society to-day enrolled a membership of over five 
 hundred, and has a flourishing Sunday School. Their house of 
 worship has been enlarged and improved from time to time, 
 and at present is far too small to accommodate the wants of the 
 membership. The erection of a new building is in contempla- 
 tion, and will be commenced at an early day, which, when com- 
 pleted, will be one of the finest church edifices in the city. The 
 Rev. John Peat was appointed pastor by the Conference in 1872; 
 and re-appointed in 1873, and also in 1874. Rev. John Lytle is 
 the Presiding Elder. 
 
 GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN. 
 
 (Martin Luther's Church.) 
 
 Among the early settlers who, at the beginning of the pres- 
 ent century, came to Mahoning county, were many Germans, 
 whose ancestors were members of the Church of the Reforma- 
 tion,— that is, of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Anxious 
 to retain in their midst the preaching of the Gospel and the 
 administration of the sacraments according to the confessions 
 of their ancestors, they, in different parts of the county, called 
 pastors and organized congregations. Thus many years ago 
 Lutheran congregations were organized in Boardman and Craw- 
 ford townships. Ministers served from ten to fifteen congrega- 
 tions, and some traveled over several counties. The few Ger- 
 man Lutherans in Youngstown attended services in the sur- 
 rounding Lutheran churches. The first attempt to gather 
 a Lutheran congregation in Youngstown was made by Rev. G. 
 Kranz, in 1857. Then living in North Lima, he visited this 
 place, and frequently preached here, in connection with a Lu- 
 theran congregation which he served in Boardman. 
 
 In 1858 the Lutherans and some members of the German 
 Reformed church called the Rev. Fair as their pastor in Youngs- 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 41 
 
 town. He was a reformed minister, but he proposed to the 
 two parties that they should build a Union Church. The church 
 was built, but afterwards was claimed to be a Reformed church. 
 The Lutherans finding themselves deceived resolved to organize 
 themselves as a German Evangelical Lutheran congregation. 
 This was done August 1st, 1959, they numbering at that time 
 twenty-two members. Rev. F. C. Becker, from Jackson, 
 served them temporarily. Rev. L. Creps, of Brookfield, was 
 called to be their pastor July 31st, 1859. After the congregation 
 had held its services in different localities in town for some 
 time, they bought the lot where the church now stands. The 
 lot is 45x120, and is located at the corner of east Wood and 
 Champion streets. March 2d, 1862, the corner stone was laid, 
 and an ordinary brick was built 35x50 and sixteen feet high, and 
 fifteen feet more of ground was purchased in order to enlarge 
 the yard. In the spring of 1862 the corner stone of the present 
 building was laid, and November 2d, 1862, the church was 
 dedicated. The congregation then numbered fifty members, 
 the Rev. L. Kreps moved to Youngstown in 1862 and served 
 them as their regular pastor. He left in 1868, the congregation 
 then numbering one hundred members. 
 
 January 1st, 1S69, the congregation called their present pastor 
 During this year a piece of ground near the church was pur- 
 chased and a parsonage erected thereon. There are now 200 
 families embraced in the congregation. It is proposed as soon 
 as possible to build a school house, in which a Parochial School 
 is to be kept, for the christian and churchly training of the 
 children. Since the fall of 1873 an English Lutheran Mission 
 has been commenced in Youngstown, by the Rev. C. S. Baech- 
 ler. An organization has been effected counting about ten fam- 
 ilies, under the name of the English Evangelical Lutheran St. 
 Paul's congregation. The society has thus far held its services 
 in the German Church. Rev. S. Baechler, resides on west 
 Wood street, and also serves one congregation in Boardtuan,. 
 and two in Beaver townships. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC. 
 
 About twenty years ago Father Callahan, a Roman Catholic 
 clergyman, made a visit to Youngstown, and organized a Cath- 
 olic society. The entire Catholic population at that time did 
 not number twenty-five or thirty persons. The first meetings 
 of the society were held at the private rcsklene of James Moore, 
 
42 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 at Briar Hill. The Catholic population was greatly increased 
 by emigration of laborers and workmen to fill the various 
 positions in the rolling mills, furnaces, and railroad enterprises, 
 which led to the erection of a house of worship. The lot upon 
 which this edifice was erected was donated to the society by 
 the late David Dod. The congregation used this building for 
 several years, until a larger one became a necessity, when the 
 present house, located at the corner of Wood and Hazel streets, 
 was built ; it is known a3 St. Columba's Church. The Rev. 
 Father P. H. Brown is the present pastor. 
 
 UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. 
 
 The society of the United Presbyterian Church of Youngs- 
 town was organized October 10th, ISoO, by Rev. J. W. Logue, 
 of Northfield, Ohio. The number of members, at the time of 
 the organization of this society, was about twelve. The Rev. 
 O. K. Ormond was installed as the first pastor, which event 
 took place soon after its organization, who continued faithfully 
 in his labors until February 1st, 1870, at which time he resigned 
 his charge. During his pastoral career with this people the 
 congregation increased to one hundred, and their present church 
 edifice, located at the corner of Wood and Walnut streets, was 
 ■erected. Rev. J. M. Wallace, the second pastor, was installed 
 February 7th, 1871, the congregation having had but two pastors 
 since its organization. In doctrine this church agrees in the 
 main with the Re-united Presbyterians of to-day. They differ 
 from them, however, in the exclusive use of Scripture Psalms, 
 and the exclusion of instilments in praise and in opposing oath- 
 bound societies. 
 
 DISCIPLES CHURCH. 
 
 This society was organized July 18th, 1841, with twenty- 
 seven members. Their house of worship was an academy 
 building fitted for church purposes, and situated on the south- 
 west corner of the Diamond. This building was dedicated as a 
 place of worship, July 4th, 1811, and used by this society for 
 thirty-two years; within its walls transpired nearly all these scenes 
 sacred to the memory of the church, and in the spring of 
 1873 it was vacated for the basement of their new building, 
 then in process of erection. But two of the originial twenty- 
 six are members now, and but one present on that occasion. 
 
 The building now occupied by the society was commenced 
 in July 1872, and was dedicated July 1, 1874, and is situated 
 on Wood street, between Phelps street and Wick avenue, and 
 
Y0UNG8T0WN, PAST AND PRESENT. 43 
 
 cost $27,000. The present membership of the congregation 
 numbers two hundred and thirty. 
 
 Those who have been pastors or preached for the church are 
 in the order in which they have labored as follows : 
 
 Wesley Lamphere, John Henry, John Applegate, Henry 
 Brocket, W. S. Gray, O. Higgins, Walter Haden, James Calvin, 
 F. S. Whitslar, Orwin Gates, Jasper Hughes, R. E. Davis, and 
 C C. Smith who is the present pastor. 
 
 METHODIST PROTESTANT. 
 
 The Methodist Protestant Church was organized under the 
 auspices of the Muskingum Conference, in the year 1828, and is 
 located on front street, between Champion and Market. Owing 
 to the loss of the church records, it is difficult to give a very 
 accurate history of the society. It is probable that Rev. Wm. 
 Pveeves was the first regular pastor. The society was reorgan- 
 ized in istjo, and the Rev. H. Palmer appointed pastor. The 
 present membership number about one hundred and fifty. By 
 an act of Assembly in 18G0, the church was transferred to the 
 Pittsburgh District. 
 
 The First Baptist Church, situated on South Market street. 
 The society is in a flourishing condition, having recently erected 
 an elegant brick church edifice, sufficient for the accommodation 
 of a large congregation. Rev. C. F. H. Meiser is the pastor. 
 
 The Welsh Baptist Church, Rev. DeReese, pastor, is situa- 
 ted on North Walnut street. 
 
 The St. John Episcopal Church, situated at the corner of 
 Wood and Champion Sts. The Rev. Samuel Maxwell, pastor. 
 
 The Second Presbyterian Church, situated on Covington 
 street, was recently organized, and the result of a mission Sun- 
 day-school enterprise. The pastorate care of the society is 
 .under the direction of Rev. R. D. Scott. 
 
 The German Protestant Church, situated on Mahoning 
 Avenue. The Rev. J. Seybold is pastor. 
 
 The First. African Methodist Church, east side of Mill street. 
 The Rev. Ashbury is pastor. 
 
 The Welsh Methodist Church, Hazel street, between Federal 
 and Wick streets. The Rev. E. Evans is pastor. 
 
 The German Reform Church, Wood street. The Rev. John 
 Biery is pastor. 
 
 The Weigh (■ onal Church, Elm street, between 
 
 Wood street and It.iyen Avenue. Rev. D. S. Davis, pastor. 
 
14 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN SCHOOLS. 
 
 One of the most important among the institutions of 
 Youngstown, are the public schools. The education of their 
 children was not entirely neglected by the early settlers, but the 
 advantages to obtain such were meagre. In the history of the 
 early settlement of the valley, reference is made to the school 
 facilities of that time, which were conducted as individual 
 enterprises ; the teachers procuring the signatures of the 
 parents to a contract binding them to pay a certain sum of 
 money monthly for each scholar. The country being thinly set- 
 tled, the distance to be traveled by the scholars was so great 
 as to prevent the attendance of the smaller children during the 
 winter months, and in the opening of the spring and during the 
 summer months the assistance of the larger boys and girls 
 could not be dispensed with at home. Such we find to have 
 been the school advantages of not only this section but through- 
 out the west at the beginning and during the first forty years of 
 the settlement. 
 
 The Union School system, introduced by the law of 1849, 
 known as the Akron law, was inaugurated in Youngstown in 
 1851, and has been in successful operation for nearly 24 years. 
 The first entry made on the school record, is as follows : 
 
 "Personally appeared before me, a master commissioner in 
 chancery, Henry Manning, Theodatus Garlick, Miland J. Ed- 
 wards, Wilson S. Shorn, Jesse Baldwin and A. D. Jacobs, 
 School Directors elected for the borough of Youngstown, and 
 solemnly swore to discharge faithfully according to the best of 
 their skill and ability, the duties of the said office. 
 
 E. S. Hubbard, 
 
 Master Com. in Chancery." 
 May 5th, A. D., 1851. 
 
 The board elect met on the evening of May 3d, 1851, and 
 organized by electing Dr. Manning, President, and Wm. J. 
 Edwards, Secretary. Homer Hine, P. J. Powers and P. W. 
 Taylor, were chosen as the first board of examiners. 
 
 The first assessment for tax for the Union School was three 
 mills on the dollar, and was made by the Board, June 7th, 185T. 
 At a meeting of the Board, May 19tb, Samuel Cooper was unan- 
 imously elected to fill the position of Superintendent, and to 
 Mr. Cooper belongs the honor of organizing the first school in- 
 the town under the Akron School Law, and judging from the 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 45 
 
 condition of the schools two years subsequent, it may be infer- 
 red that he proved to be a faithful and efficient Superintendent ; 
 his wife, who assisted him, was one of the most popular and 
 successful teachers that ever taught in Youngstown. The first 
 corps of teachers consisted of Miss Kirk, (now Mrs. Gen. Gri- 
 erson,) Eliza Powers and Hulda Malcomb. 
 
 Schools opened on Monday morning, September 15, 1851. 
 The first pay-roll of the teachers dates December 24, and is as 
 follows : 
 
 S. F. Cooper and wife, $200.00 ; W. S. Gray, $94.00 ; Alice 
 Kirk, $17.60 ; Eliza Powers, $47.60 ; Hulda Malcomb, $47.60 ; 
 Miss Chapman, $33.60. 
 
 The progress of the schools kept pace with the rapid growth 
 of the city. A new building has been erected on Front street, 
 having ample accommodations for the fast increasing attend- 
 ance. The present Principal is Mr. B. McMillan. 
 
 The Rayen School, so named from the late Judge Rayen, 
 was organized in 1866, with Prof. E. S. Gregg, Superintendent. 
 The grounds were purchased and the building erected by the 
 increase of the legacy of the late Judge Rayen. The school is 
 under the control of a Board of Trustees, and by an agreement 
 with the Trustees of the Union School Board, this is made the 
 High School of the city and township. The course of study is 
 complete, and the classes at this time contain over eighty stu- 
 dents. Mr. Gregory continues as Principal. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. 
 
 Advantages of Youngstown as a Manufacturing Place. 
 
 That manufacturing can be carried on more advantageously 
 in some localities than in others, is evident to all. This superi- 
 ority arises from many causes, among which are the facilities 
 for obtaining the raw material used in manufacturing, the agri- 
 cultural resources of the locality in furnishing the means of sub- 
 sistence for the manufacturers, the facilities for transportation 
 of the raw material and the manufactured article, and the ac- 
 cess to markets. Youngstown presents claims as being one of 
 the favored places. In support of these claims we will make 
 some statements of facts, and leave the decision, based upon 
 those facts, to the reader. 
 
 First: As to the supply of the raw material. Fuel is an, 
 important material requisite in all manufactories. In the town- 
 ship and vicinity, within easy access, there is an immense sup- 
 ply of mineral coal, adapted as it comes from the mines, for 
 melting iron ore, for use in rolling mills and foundries, for use 
 in steam engines and for every purpose for which fuel is used 
 in manufacturing, as well as for house use. The veins of coal, 
 usually, are not less than four feet thick and can be worked at 
 fair cost. A large number of mines are already opened. Many 
 recent discovered deposits are only waiting the revival of busi- 
 ness to be opened, and new deposits are ascertained constantly. 
 We may say, generally, that no section of country has greater 
 or better coal facilities. We have, then, in abundance, the first 
 material requsite for manufacturing. 
 
 For the manufacture of iron there is a reasonable supply of 
 native ores of different varieties. But these are not relied upon 
 or, although used to some extent, considered absolutely essen- 
 tial. Our chief supply of ore is obtained from abroad. Con- 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 47 
 
 nected with this fact arises an important question, viz : 
 Whether it is more advantageous to carry .the ore to the coal or 
 the coal to the ore, or to manufacture at an intermediate point? 
 Furnace men inform us that it requires, on an average, two 
 and a half tons of coal to melt one ton of ore. Transportation 
 then is an important item in the cost of manufacturing. Where 
 it costs one dollar to carry a certain weight of ore to the coal, 
 it costs two and a half dollars to carry the same weight of coal 
 to the ore. The advantage of manufacturing the pig iron at 
 the coal deposit is then as two and one-half to one, in the item 
 of transportation, over manufacturing it at the ore deposit. 
 
 We have heard it remarked that the best manufacturing 
 point was on the shore of Lake Erie, where the coal, transported 
 on cars, and the ore, transported on sailing vessels meet. That 
 it is more advantageous to manufacture the ore into pig iron at 
 the Lake Shore than at the ore deposits on Lake Superior, or at 
 other points from which we obtain ore is true, for the reason 
 that the difference in the cost of transportation is saved on part 
 of the distance, but still the advantage exists in favor of the 
 coal deposits. 
 
 We have spoken above of the manufacture of pig irot: 
 as its transportation from the furnace to the rolling mill or 
 foundry is an item of cost in the manufacture of merchant iron, 
 castings and machinery, it is evident that the best point for 
 the location of Rolling Mills, Foundries and Machine Shops is 
 at the place where the pig iron is made. The same remark is 
 applicable to every kind of manufacture, for as iron is essential 
 to every manufactured article, either in the machinery of man- 
 ufacture or in the article itself, so any saving in the transporta- 
 tion of the iron is a saving in the cost of manufacturing. 
 
 Another consideration in our favor may be here suggested. 
 We have already, in operation, induced by skilled workmen, 
 machine shops and foundries of ample capacity and competency 
 to make any kind of machinery required in manufacturing. 
 Hence the saving of expense in transportation, both in construc- 
 tion and repairs, renders it more advantageous to erect any 
 manufactory here, than at a distance from the place of manu- 
 facturing or repairing machinery. 
 
 Limestone is an important material, used in blast furnaces, 
 for smelting iron ore. In the immediate vicinity of Youngs- 
 town deposits exist of this material, of quality well adapted to 
 
48 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 furnace ore, easily quarried and in quantity practically inex- 
 haustible for any reasonable period of time. 
 
 Water, also, an important item in manufacturing, may 
 be readily obtained in any desirable quantity, either from the 
 Mahoning river and tributary streams, where the works are 
 located in their vicinity, or from the water works which supply 
 the city with water from the river, or from wells. 
 
 Sandstone, of the best quality for building purposes, favor- 
 ably located for quarrying and removing, abounds in the hills 
 rising from the river, and clay for making the best quality of 
 brick is found in many localities on the river bottoms and else- 
 where. Fire clay, also, is readily attainable. 
 
 Many desirable varieties of wood, used in different branches 
 •of manufacturing, abound in those portions of the forest left 
 untouched by the axe of the pioneer or of the later settlers. 
 
 Without further specifying we may say, generally, that we 
 have at hand or easily attainable every material commonly 
 used in manufacturing. 
 
 Second: The agricultural resources of the township and 
 the surrounding country. It is not necessary to enlarge upon 
 this point. Mahoning county, as is well known, ranks fully 
 equal with any county in this State, or any other, in its adapta- 
 tion to agriculture, and is capable of sustaining a large manu- 
 facturing population. Our neighboring counties, both in Ohio 
 and Pennsylvania, are equally favored with us, and are equally 
 fertile, produces of the fruits of the earth which contribute to 
 the sustenance of large numbers of those of other avocations 
 than workers of the soil, both at home and elsewhere. 
 
 Third : The facilities for transportation. There are four rail- 
 roads from Youngstown to ports on Lake Erie, viz : the Cleve- 
 land and Mahoning, to Cleveland ; the Painesville and Youngs- 
 town, to Painesville; the Ashtabula, Youngstown and Pitts- 
 burgh, to Ashtabula ; and a branch of the Lake Shore Railroad, 
 also to Ashtabula, giving us communication with all the terri- 
 tory bordering on the northern Lakes, and all the territory tra- 
 versed by railroads or water commnications from points on 
 those Lakes. These four roads cross the Atlantic and Great 
 Western Railroad a few miles north of us, and this connects vm 
 with New York and the sea-board, with all the Eastern States 
 and with the West. The Ashtabula, Youngstown and Pitts- 
 burgh Railroad, now operated by the Pennsylvania Company, 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PBESENT. 4!) 
 
 also connects us directly with Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and 
 by its connections, with the South-East, and the South, by the 
 Ohio and Mississippi rivers with the South-West and West, and 
 by the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad, also with 
 the South- West, the West and the North- West. The Hubbard 
 branch of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad, or an exten- 
 sion of that road to Sharon, Pa., connects us with the Shenango 
 Valley and with a large section of country traversed by roads 
 passing through that Valley. 
 
 Numerous short roads, branching from these main roads, 
 run to the coal mines of the Mahoning and Shenango Valleys, 
 and by their connections bring the coal and other materials to 
 the stock houses of our furnaces and manufactories. 
 
 A project has been for some time in contemplation, and will 
 undoubtedly be soon accomplished, of changing the line of the 
 A. & G. W. P. P., from near Greenville, Pa., to Warren, O., to 
 run through Youngstown. When this is done we will be in 
 direct communication with New York and the West, and our 
 transporation facilities much increased. 
 
 Fourth : Access to markets. With our transportation 
 facilities above enumerated we can say, in the language of one 
 of our prominent business men, that "Youngstown, as a ship- 
 pers' point, will compare favorably with any other that may bo 
 named." Every railroad, river and lake communication is ai 
 our command. The North, the South, the East and the West 
 are open to us for a market, and in them all do our manufac- 
 tured products find a market. What more can we say ? 
 
 With a view of establishing the foregoing facts, we have 
 collected and set forth in their regular order, the leading manu- 
 facturing and commercial interests of Youngstown, and the 
 surrounding country. We do not claim that an entire exhibit 
 of the manufacturing industries of the city is made, but only 
 the more important trades are represented. The various aux- 
 iliaries to a manufacturing community found here, are in a 
 healthy and prosperous condition. 
 
 4 
 
Trade and Commerce of Youngstown. 
 
 MANUFACTURING. 
 
 MAHONING IRON WORKS, 
 Owned by Messrs. Brown, Bonnell & Co., are situated in the 
 south-east part of the town, and comprise rolling mill, nail 
 factory, and blast furnaces. These works were established by the 
 Youngstown Iron Works in the year 1846, and were purchased 
 by the present proprietors in the year 1855, at that time consist- 
 ing of what is now known as the "old mill," and contained 
 four puddling furnaces, two heating furnaces, one annealing 
 furnace, eight nail machines, one muck train nail plate mill r 
 and ten inch bar train. The total capacity of the mill then 
 was about seven tons of finished iron per day. 
 
 The change in the partnership made a new era in the history 
 of these works; capital, energy and skillful management were in 
 the possession of the proprietors, and an extensive scale of 
 improvements was begun and carried through. In the year 
 1864, a very large additional mill was built, and new and im- 
 proved machinery put in. Continued additions have been made 
 until the works have reached their present magnitude, and now 
 rank among the most extensive and substantial in America. 
 The present capacity of the works is as follows : 
 
 Number of heating furnaces, 11 
 
 " puddling " 54 
 
 " nail machines, 10 
 
 " spike " (wrought), 4 
 
 There are employed at the rolling mill and blast furnaces 
 six hundred men, exclusive of those employed by contractors, 
 to whom is paid $50,000 per month for wages. 
 In 1873 the productions were: 
 
 Tons bar and other iron 21,000 
 
 Kegs of nails and spikes..- 98,000 
 
 Value of products $1,800,000 
 
 Capital invested 2,000,000 
 
 The machinery, exclusive of the blast furnaces, is driven 
 by ten engines, twenty to three hundred and fifty horse power. 
 Three hundred and fifty tons of coal and about ten car-loads of 
 coke are consumed daily. The former is obtained from the 
 
YOUNGSTOWtf, PAST AND PRESENT. 51 
 
 mines owned by the firm, and brought to the works direct, 
 whilst the latter is made at their coke works, at Dunbar, Pa. 
 
 The works as now established, including blast furnaces, 
 railroad tracks, &c., cover about twenty-five acres of ground. 
 When first built, all shipments were made by canal; now the 
 Company have independent railway connections, by means of 
 siding and tracks owned by themselves, with the Atlantic & 
 Great Western and Lake Shore and Pennsylvania railways, 
 and all their various lines and connections, giving them unsur- 
 passed facilities to all parts of the country for the shipment of 
 
 their products. 
 
 ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS. 
 
 These works were constructed in 18G3 by Messrs. Shedd, 
 Clark & Co., and are now owned and operated by Messrs. Cart- 
 wright, McCurdy & Co. The works are located at the west end 
 of Federal street. Their products are boop and band iron, and 
 steel mixed tire. An addition to the works was made during 
 the summer of 1S74, which makes the [present capacity as fol- 
 lows: Two eighteen inch muck and roll train ; one sixteen inch 
 mill three high ; one eight inch mill ; forty puddling furnaces 
 and nine heating furnaces. The machinery is driven by seven 
 engines, ranging from two hundred to two hundred and fifty 
 horse power. The firm employ, on an average, three hundred 
 men and boys, whose monthly pay-roll amounts to $20,000. The 
 value of the products of these works is $000,000 per annum. 
 The recent improvements will, in the future, double their pres- 
 ent production. The firm have a wareroom at Nos. 21 and 23 
 Merwin street, Cleveland, Ohio, where their products are dis- 
 posed of. The superintendency of the works has been, since it d 
 establishment, under the care of Mr. James Cartwright, a gen- 
 tleman of some distinction in rolling mill management, who 
 performs his duties with consummate skill and ability. 
 
 The Ridgway Iron Co., is the name of a mill owned by 
 Messrs. Wick, Ridgway & Co. , and located on the Hubbard 
 Branch R. R. near the city, and engaged exclusively in the 
 manufacture of rail. It contains double puddling furnaces, 
 equal to 24 single furnaces, and 14 heating furnaces. Fourteen 
 steam engines are employed to supply the power to carry on the 
 work. The full capacity of the mill is, when running double 
 turn, about 1,000 tons per week. At the present time about 
 500 men and boys are employed about the mill, and the monthly 
 pay roll foots up some $20,000. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 The Youngstown rolling mill was put in operation here in 
 1870. There are employed at these works about 150 men. The 
 capacity of the mill is about twenty tons of finished iron daily. 
 
 Messrs. George Turner & Son began in the manufacture of 
 spikes in 1870, and by thrift and industry have built up a very 
 extensive business. Their spike factory is 100x50 feet, with a 
 capacity for the manufacture of some ten tons of railroad and 
 boat spikes per day. They also manufacture a superior quality 
 of wrought iron fences. They give employment to some fifteen 
 men and their yearly products reach about $75,000. 
 
 An establishment for the manufacture of cold-pressed nuts 
 and bolts was started here in 1864, and has now in operation 
 twenty-two nut and washer machines, with a daily capacity of 
 seventy kegs. Recent improvements increased that capacity in 
 the manufacture of carriage bolts from thirty thousand to fifty 
 thousand per day. There are employed in these works about 
 one hundred men and thirty girls. 
 
 In the manufacture of castings, coal-bank furnishings, en- 
 gines and general foundry work, there are two large establish- 
 ments. The Falcon Foundry, owned by Messrs. Ward, Booth 
 & Miller, and the works of Homer, Hamilton & Co. The Sprague 
 Sash and Weight Company is the name of a company which is 
 engaged in the manufacture of sash-weights. In the manufac- 
 ture of boilers, tanks, &c, there are two establishments, one of 
 which is owned by Messrs. "Wm. B. Pollock & Co., and the other 
 by John Hennessy. 
 
 BLAST FURNACES. 
 
 The Phoenix Furnace was built in 1854, and the Falcon 
 Furnace in 1856. They are situated in the south-east part of 
 the city, on south side of and adjoining the canal— the Phcenix on 
 the west side, and the Falcon on the east side of Presquile street, 
 and are owned by Messrs. Brown, Bonnell & Co. The Phcenix 
 is the largest ; it is sixteen feet across the "bosh," and sixty feet 
 high, with two large, upright blowing engines, two Foggitt hot 
 blast ovens, with a capacity of fifty tons per day. 
 
 The Falcon is thirteen and one-half feet across the bosh, 
 fifty-five feet high. This furnace has a daily capacity of 40 
 tons. There were produced from these furnaces in 1873 28,000 tons 
 of pig metal, which was used by the firm at their rolling mill. 
 The upright steam boilers used at these furnaces are the inven- 
 tion of Mr. Joseph H. Brown, senior member of the firm of 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 53 
 
 •irown, Bonnell & Co. It consists of a boiler with the wall built 
 around it; by this plan the steam is generated with great rapid- 
 ity, and by heat of the furnace, causing a saving of fuel. An 
 improvement was .introduced at the Phoenix Furnace by which 
 the gas made in the combustion of the coal is nearly all utilized. 
 Heretofore a portion only of the gas was conveyed by pipes 
 down under the boilers ; now the top of the stack can be closed 
 and all the gas driven down, if required. It is conveyed by un- 
 derground pipes to the boilers in the Company's rolling mill 
 across the canal, and wherever else it is needed. 
 
 Hubbard Furnaces, owned by Messrs. Andrews & Hitchcock, 
 and known as the Hubbard Furnaces, Nos. 1 and 2, are situated 
 j ust north of the village of Hubbard and six miles from Youngs- 
 town. Furnace No. 1 was built in 1867, and No. 2 irTl873". 
 Each of these stacks is sixty feet in height, and bosh sixteen 
 feet in diameter, and has a daily capacity of 50 tons. The 
 firm employs about forty men, and has a capital invested of 
 $300,000. The productions for 1873 was 10,000 tons, notwith- 
 standing a strike of six months. The ores used are principally 
 from the Lake Superior region, and the coal is obtained from 
 the mines located near the works. The general office of the 
 firm is on the south corner of the Diamond, Youngstown. 
 
 Haselton Furnaces, consisting of two stacks, were built 
 and are owned by Messrs. Andrews Bros. The firm is~conT- 
 posed of C. H. Andrews, L. G. Andrews and W. C. Andrews. 
 The works are located at Haselton station, on the Youngstown 
 and Pittsburgh Eailroad, about one mile south of the city. The 
 first stack was built in 18G7, and the second in 18G8. They are 
 built with all the modern improvements, and are among the best 
 fci the Valley. The capacity of these furnaces is one hundred 
 tons of pig iron per day. 
 
 Himrod Furnaces, owned by the Himrod Furnace Co., 
 composed of the estate of Wm. Kelly, Khinebeck, New York, 
 George Greer and William Van Arsdall, New York City, Capt. 
 A. Bradley and the estate of Samuel H. Kimberly, Cleveland, 
 Ohio, P. A. Wight, II. C. Himrod and A. B. Cornell, Youngs- 
 town, and incorporated under the laws of the State of New York 
 in 1859. The officers, R. A. Wight, President, Robert Kelly, 
 Secretary, and A. B. Cornell, Treasurer. The Company has 
 three furnaces or stacks, standing contiguous and in a line. The 
 first was erected in 1859, the second in I860, and the third in 
 
54 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRE3ENT. 
 
 1868. The daily production is from 75 to 80 tons of pig iron, 
 consuming 200 tons of coal, 115 tons of ore, and 40 tons of lime- 
 stone. There are employed by this company 100 men, whose 
 pay-roll amounts to $50,000 per month. The ore used is prin- 
 cipally red hematite, from Lake Superior. The product is No. 
 1 forge iron, which finds a ready sale. The works are situated 
 in the east part of Youngstown, on the north side of the C. & 
 M. R. R., and its junction with the Hubbard branch. 
 
 The Briar Hill Iron and* Coal Company's furnaces consist 
 of Briar Hill Furnace, built in 1847, by James Woods & Co., of 
 Pittsburgh, and purchased by David Tod in 1847, a few 
 years later coming into the possession of the present company; 
 the Grace Furnace, No. 1, built in 1859, and the No. 2 in 
 1860, by the Briar Hill Iron and Coal Co. These furnaces are 
 located at Bnai Hill, and have an average capacity of 40 tons 
 per day. There are sixty men employed at these furnaces, to 
 whom the Company pay annually $3G,0W0 for wages. The cap- 
 ital invested is $475,000. 
 
 Girard Iron Co.'s Furnace, located at Girard, a short 
 distance south of the village, was commenced May 1st, 1866, and 
 completed by the Girard Iron Company, consisting of David 
 Tod, Wm. Ward, Wm. Richards and Joseph G. Butler, Jr. 
 Mr. Butler was the financial agent of the Company, who still 
 continues in the same capacity, and who is the only surviving 
 one of the original proprietors now connected with the works. 
 The present owners are John Tod, Evan Morris, C. D. Armes, 
 A. M. Byers, Joseph Fleming and J. G. Butler, Jr. 
 
 The capacity of the works, when originally built, was 
 twenty-five tons of pig metal daily. During the year 1873, the 
 works were entirely rebuilt and enlarged — having now a pro- 
 ducing capacity of fifty tons per day. The production, in 1873, 
 was about ten thousand tons. The ores used are Lake Superior 
 and Canada. The works are located near the tracks of the C. & 
 M., and A. Y. & P. railways, and are connected with them by 
 lateral tracks. Capital invested, $150,000. 
 
 PLANING MILLS AND LUMBER YARDS. 
 
 Number Planing Mills 4 
 
 " Lumber Yards 3 
 
 " Men employed 63 
 
 Paid yearly wages 8 >' ! .1,30D 
 
 Value of Products -3 ,3.000 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, TAST AND PRESENT. 55 
 
 The planing mills at this place are-all provided with the 
 latest and best improved machinery, and turn out sash, doors, 
 blinds, flooring, and all materials in the way of carpenters' and 
 builders' furnishing, in first-class style. The dealers, also, sell 
 all kinds of sash, doors, lath, &c. 
 
 CARRIAGE MAKERS. 
 
 Number of shops 4 
 
 " " Men employed 39 
 
 Yearly wages $14,136 
 
 Value of products 80,000 
 
 The facilities for carriage making have now become adequate 
 to the demands, and from any of the first class shops in this 
 place carriages, buggies, or vehicles of every kind are turned 
 out, equal to the productions of any shops in the country. 
 TINWARE AND HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS. 
 
 Number of houses 5 
 
 " " men employed 16 
 
 Yearly wages paid $ 9,270 
 
 Sales 75,000 
 
 HARNESS AND SADDLES. 
 There are three shops in which saddles and harness are 
 made, giving employment to nine men, and report a very 
 satisfactory trade. 
 
 PLUMBING AND GAS FITTING. 
 
 Number of houses 3 
 
 " " men employed < 10 
 
 Yearly wages paid $ 6,000 
 
 Sales yearly...:. 40,000 
 
 This includes the business of but two of these establishments, 
 one having only just started in business. 
 PHOTOGRAPHERS. 
 This art is represented by operators who rank among the 
 best and most skilful artists. There are three galleries, employ- 
 ing six assistants, which produce all kinds of work known to 
 the art. 
 
 STONE COMPANY. 
 Youngstown Stone Company was established in 1873, for 
 the manufacture of flagging; and building stone. The mill con- 
 tains two gangs, one of 12 and one of 8 saws. 
 FLOURING MILLS. 
 There are three flouring mills within the city limits, which 
 do a very extensive business. The Diamond Mill, owned by 
 Messrs. Nold, Brown & Co., and the Pearl Mills are among the 
 
50 YOUNGSTOWN, TAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 largest establishments of the kind in the country. The Dia- 
 mond Mills are located on the C. & M. R. E-., and the Pearl. 
 Mills near the line of the Youngstown & Pittsburgh road. 
 BREWERIES. 
 
 There are two lager beer and one ale breweries here, both 
 doing a very large home and shipping trade. 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 There are two daily papers published in Youngstown, the 
 Tribune and the Register, both started during the present year, 
 and compare favorably with dailies in larger cities. 
 
 There are three English weeklies, and one German, viz. : 
 The Register, the Tribune and the Vindicator, English, and the 
 Review {Rundschau), German. Connected with these establish- 
 ments are job offices that execute all kinds of job printing. 
 
 'COMMERCIAL. 
 
 The statistics in the following exhibit of the commercial 
 pursuits of Youngstown were gathered specially for this work, 
 and comprise only the most prominent among the mercantile 
 interests, and represent generally the business done in 1873. 
 Many of the establishments mentioned began business during 
 the present year, and could not estimate an entire year's busi- 
 ness. The character of the business here is almost entirely re- 
 tail, although there are a few houses where groceries, hardware, 
 carpets, &c, are wholesaled, but none that do a strictly whole- 
 sale trade. 
 
 DRY GOODS. 
 
 Number of houses 7 
 
 " " employees 40 
 
 Paid yearly for wages $ 18,200 
 
 Amount of sales for 1873 404,000 
 
 The above houses are only those making this line of goods a 
 specialty, and the stock in store is always complete and well 
 selected. 
 
 GROCERS. 
 
 Number of houses ...37 
 
 " " employees 70 
 
 Amount of wages paid yearly $ 35,500 
 
 Yearly sales ...... 874,000 
 
 In this department the trade is more miscellaneous, and a 
 greater number of smaller stores than is to be found in any 
 other line of commercial business ; many of these merchants' 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 57- 
 
 do not keep book accounts of their sales, and the estimates fur- 
 nished in the above statement are probably very considerably 
 below the actual amount. 
 
 HARDWARE. 
 
 Number of houses 4 
 
 " " employees 21 
 
 Yearly wages paid $ 13,000 
 
 " sales 640,000 
 
 The demand for hardware.in this region is very great, owing 
 to the large number of buildings that are going up in the town 
 and neighborhood, and the demand for agricultural implements 
 and coal-bank furnishings. The sales reported are for three 
 houses only; one of the number has but recently started, and 
 there were no sales reported. 
 
 BOOTS AND SHOES. 
 
 Number of stores 8 
 
 " " shops 11 
 
 " " hands employed in both 52 
 
 Amount " wages paid yearly $ 36,118 
 
 " " sales 100,000 
 
 This department of trade is in a flourishing condition. In 
 the employment of labor only those are given, who are em- 
 ployed at the different stores^the greater portion of the man- 
 ufactured work being sent to the workmen's homes, of which 
 
 we have no report. 
 
 DRUG STORES. 
 
 There are four drug stores, employing twelve men, and doing 
 a business of about $100,000, and comparing favorably with like 
 establishments of the kind in any town in the State. 
 
 CLOTHING. 
 
 Number of houses 14 
 
 " " employees 
 
 Paid yearly wages $ 32,S00 
 
 Yearly sales 400,000 
 
 Under the head of Clothing are embraced merchant tailors 
 and dealers in gents' furnishing goods, and the employees com- 
 prise only those employed at the shops and stores in the man- 
 ufacture of gentlemen's clothing. These establishments will 
 compare with those of larger cities, both in the quality of goods^ 
 styles and makes. , 
 
58 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 CARPETS. 
 
 There is one house here that makes a specialty in carpets 
 oil cloths, &c, and does a very large wholesale and retail busi- 
 ness, whilst the different dry goods houses deal in this line of 
 goods. 
 
 BOOKS AND STATIONERY. 
 
 There are three houses that make a specialty in the sale of 
 books, stationery, wall-paper, &c, which report an active trade. 
 JEWELLERS. 
 
 The jewelry and watch trade is represented by five houses, 
 which report an annual business of $68,500. 
 MILLINERS. 
 There are nine millinery establishments reported, giving 
 employment to twenty-five persons, to whom is paid $8,725 per 
 annum for wages. They report sales to the amount of §42,020 for 
 1874. 
 
 FLOUR AND FEED. 
 
 Number of stores. 6 
 
 " " employees 9 
 
 Yearly wages paid $ 4,800 
 
 " sales 128,000 
 
 There are a number of flouring mills which traffic largely 
 in these articles, and will be reported under "Flouring Mills." 
 BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS. 
 
 Number of houses , 11 
 
 " " employees 29 
 
 Yearly wages paid $ 14,800 
 
 " sales 135,000 
 
 BUTCHER SHOPS. 
 
 Number of shops 14 
 
 " " men employed 17 
 
 Yearly wages paid , $ 9,000 
 
 " sales 165,000 
 
 Among the miscellaneous establishments there are those 
 for the sale of queensware, leather and findings, hats and caps, 
 cigars and tobaccos, notions, fancy goods, auction houses, &c, 
 all of which do a paying business. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 COAL AND IRON TRADE OF THE MAHONING VALLEY. 
 
 COAL TRADE. 
 
 The coal fields of Ohio are second in importance only to the 
 great coal fields of Pennsylvania, and comprise an area of 10,- 
 000 square miles, or 6,500,000 acres. The estimated yield of 
 twenty-seven cubic feet to the ton would give the coal deposits 
 in Ohio, as here estimated, to be 209,733,333,340 tons. It would 
 require 51,200 years to exhaust these mines, were they operated 
 at the same rate they are now being mined ; or it would supply 
 the entire demand at present made upon the colliers of the 
 United States for 4560 years ; or it would supply Great Britain 
 with coal for 1600 years, with a production equal to that mined 
 at the present time. From a volume entitled "Coal Regions 
 of America, "wefindthe following brief outline of the coal seam 
 in Ohio. 
 
 " The coal basin is bounded on the west by a continuous but 
 crooked line from the Ohio river, in Scioto coumty, to the Penn- 
 sylvania line wear Sharon, within a line running from that place 
 to Ravenna, Akron, Wooster, Dover, Brownsville, Logan and 
 Hanging Rock. Or, to follow the line of outcrop more particu- 
 larly, we have in the north, in Trumbull county, the boundary 
 of the coal-field from where the Pymatuning creek cros.ses the 
 State line, curving southward, and the other side of the curve 
 being on Mahoning creek at Youngstown. Thence the line is 
 westward nearly along the north line of Mahoning county, from 
 the northwest corner of which it puts out a long, slender cape 
 through Portage into Geauga county, its west boundary being 
 near the Cuyahoga river, until it enters Summit county. From 
 Ravenna the line is nearly southwest to the north line of Holmes 
 county, except a well-defined cape running into the southeast 
 corner of Medina county. Thence southward it follows near 
 
GO YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 the east line of Holmes and Knox counties, and includes the 
 southeast corner of Licking county. It then passes near the 
 line between Fairfield and Perry counties, with a deep indenta- 
 tion at the Hocking river valley, extending to the west line of 
 Athens county; thence westward and southwest to include the 
 southeast part of Hocking county, three- fourths of Vinton, 
 nearly all of Jackson, and the eastern part of Scioto counties. 
 The counties wholly covered with coal are Mahoning, Colum- 
 biana, Stark, Holmes, Tuscarawas, Carroll, Jefferson, Harrison, 
 Belmont, Guernsey, Coshocton, Muskingum, Perry, Noble, 
 Morgan, Monroe, Washington, Athens, Meigs. Gallia, Law- 
 rence, and nearly all of Jackson. All the counties of which the 
 eastern or south-eastern parts only are covered with coal are 
 Trumbull, Portage, Summit, Medina, Wayne, Licking, Fair- 
 field, Hocking, Vinton and Scioto. There are also some out- 
 liers or small detached basins in Wayne, Ashland, Iiichland 
 and Knox counties." 
 
 The discovery of mineral coal and its uses is an event of the 
 present century. Coal was known to exist at various points in 
 Northern Ohio when the forest was first penetrated by the early 
 settlers. The first coal mining in Northern Ohio was done 
 about the year 1810. The coal was dug from a pit near Tal- 
 jiiage, in Summit county, and used for many years for black- 
 smithing purposes. About the year 1819 or 1820 Mr. Asaph 
 Whittlesey and Samuel Newton opened a bank near that place, 
 which was followed, a few years later, by the opening of other 
 mines. The coal as yet had never been tested for heating pur- 
 poses, and aside from blacksmiths, there was no demand. Coal 
 was known to exist by the settlers in the Mahoning Valley, and 
 as the country became more thickty settled, and wood began 
 to be more scarce, coal was taken from the out-crops and used 
 by blacksmiths, and also for fuel, a more systematic method of 
 mining was soon adopted, and coai was teamed in large quanti- 
 ties to other places. In 1810, David Tod was operating a mine 
 at Brier Hill, and upon the completion of the Pennsylvania and 
 Ohio Canal from Akron, Ohio, to Beaver, Pa., he shipped a 
 couple of boat loads to Cleveland for the purpose of introducing 
 it as fuel on lake steamers, which was not easily accomplished, 
 there being considerable hostility manifested towards it by en- 
 gineers and firemen. Mr. Tod, however, was not to be discour- 
 aged by these difficulties, and finally succeeded in making a 
 successful experiment ; and in 1815 coal supplanted wood on the 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 01 
 
 steamers on the lower lakes. Large quantities were subse- 
 quently mined and shipped to Cleveland from the Mahoning 
 Valley by Mr. Tod, and but a few years elapsed until the 
 mining and shipping of coal became a prominent industry ; 
 later, the opening of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railway from 
 Cleveland to Youngstown, traversing the heart of the coal 
 region, gave fresh impetus to the mining interests. 
 
 The discovery that the coal in the Mahoning Valley could 
 be used in reducing ores without coking, was the result of 
 mere accident, in the year 1845 ; and then the iron made from 
 the use of the raw coal proved to be of a superior quality to 
 that produced by the use of coke. This discovery was of incal- 
 culable benefit, both to coal operators and iron manufacturers, 
 and extensive operations were soon entered into for the mining 
 and shipping of coal, and the erection of manufacturing estab- 
 lishments, which consumed large quantities at home in manu- 
 facturing iron and its products. The State geologist, in his 
 report of the Geological Survey of Ohio, says : "The coal of the 
 Mahoning Valley, nearly all of which is a first-class coal, supe- 
 rior to that from any other coal field in the State, and not 
 excelled by any bituminous coal mines anywhere. 
 
 "The coal is generally remarkably free from sulphur and 
 other impurities, containing a small per cent, of ash and a 
 large per cent, of fixed carbon. As the analysis of specimens 
 taken from various openings, and published in the chemist's re- 
 port, will show : It is generally a dry, open burning coal, it- 
 mechanical structure causing it to take fire rapidly through the 
 centre of the largest pieces, especially adapting it to the smelting 
 of iron. 
 
 The coals in this valley were the first bituminous coals 
 mined in the country for the reduction of iron ores without 
 cokeing, a fact which made them widely known, and gaw 
 them at the time a reputation above all other bituminous coals. 
 Noth withstanding continuous explorations have largely increas- 
 ed our knowledge of the coals of the country, and have brought 
 to notice of manufactures many varieties of great excellence, 
 these still maintain the reputation thus acquired. They are 
 still the standard with which iron making coals are to be 
 compared." 
 
 The coal mines in the Mahoning Valley are principally 
 located in the townships of Brookfield, Liberty, Vienna, Hub- 
 bard, Weathersfield and Houland in Trumbull county, and 
 
62 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND FKESENT. 
 
 Austintown, Youngstown and Coitsville townships in Mahon- 
 ing county. In our exhibit of the coal trade in this region, 
 we had hoped to give a complete report. In this, however, we 
 are somewhat disappointed, as there are some mines in opera- 
 tion from which we could get no statistics. Below we give 
 reports from works located contiguous to Youngstown, and, as 
 great care was used in gathering the data, it may be considered 
 a fair report. The total number of men employed in these 
 mines is 3,480, to whom are paid for labor $1,821,480 per 
 annum. There was 507,375 tons of coal mined in 1873, employ- 
 ing a capital of $1,670,000. The number of acres of coal land 
 beiDg worked is 6,680, which is valued at nearly $5,000,000. 
 C. A. & \V. C. Andrews.— The works of this firm are known 
 as the Tyler Bank, having a- capacity of 200 tons per 
 day, and the Holliday Bank with a daily capacity of 
 400 tons. Both these mines are situated near Vienna, 
 and contiguous to the Vienna Branch of the C. & M. 
 K. R., with which it is connected by private tracks. 
 The firm owns, here 800 acres of land, employing at 
 both mines 275 men, and has invested $100,000 in 
 prosecuting the business. 
 Andrews & Hitchcock own and operate the Burnett bank? 
 which was opened in 1863 by the Burnett Coal Co. 
 It has a daily capacity of 450 tons, and the Love 
 bank, which they opened in 1872, with a daily capacity 
 of 400 tons. The works are connected with the Hub- 
 bard branch of the C. & M. R. R., by lateral tracks. 
 There was mined from these works in 1873, 86,896 tons 
 of coal. A six months' strike during this year greatly 
 diminished their production. The firm gives employ- 
 ment, in both mines, to 325 men, and own 350 acres of 
 coal land. Their capital is $200,000. 
 Ashland Mines are located at Mineral Ridge,, were opened in 
 1856 by Jonathan Warner, and are now owned by 
 Armes, ^Varner & Co. The daily capacity of the 
 mines is 80 tons. The firm employs 40 men, who 
 mined, in 1873, 8,000 tons. 
 Cambria Mines.— These mines are located at Mineral Ridge, 
 and were opened by Morris & Price in 1850, and have 
 a capacity of 150 tons of coal and black band ore per 
 day. There are 125 men employed, who mined, in 
 1873, 12,000 tons— about one-third of the production 
 being ore, which underlies the coal vein. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 63 
 
 Church Hill Coal Company's works were opened in 18G6, by the 
 above named company, and are located at Church 
 Hill. The daily capacity of the mine is 450 tons. The 
 company employs 200 men, and have a capital of 
 $200,000. 
 
 Foster Bank is owned by Messrs. C. H. & W. C. Andrews 
 and W. J. Hitchcock, is situated on the Atlantic and 
 Great Western Railroad, two and a half miles south 
 of Youngstown, and was opened in 1874 by the Foster 
 Coal Company. The works have a capacity of 500 
 tons of coal per day. The firm employs 200 men, and 
 owns 350 acres of land. Their capital invested is 
 $85,000. 
 
 Foulk's Mine was opened by Osborne, Wallace & Co., in 
 1873 ; is situated at Mineral Pudge, near Weatherfield, 
 and is now owned by Messrs. Warner & Ormsbey, who 
 employ about 50 men. They rained, in 1873, 8000 tons. 
 
 Klein Bank was opened in 1868, by the Tod Iron Company, 
 by whom it is now operated. It is located in Liberty 
 township, and has a capacity of 250 tons per day. This 
 Company gives employment to 102 men, who mined, 
 in 1873, 17,500 tons. The capital invested is $65,000. 
 
 Kyle Coal Company's Mines, owned by J. & D. Stambaugh, 
 Henry Tod, and Struthers Iron Company, was opened 
 in 1872. It employs 80 men, and mined, in 1873, 30,000 
 tons of coal. The company owns 300 acres of coal land, 
 and has a capital invested of $60,000. 
 
 Mahoning Coal Co.— This Company, composed of the Himrod 
 Furnace Co. and Brown, Bonnell & Co., has under its 
 control four mines in good yielding condition, viz : 
 The Long Bank, two miles west of Hubbard, 
 which was opened in 1864, by the Mahoning Coal Co., 
 and has a daily capacity of 120 tons. No. 3 bank, one 
 mile west of Coalbridge, in Hubbard township, which 
 was opened in 1870. The Stewart bank was opened 
 in 1870, and has a daily capacity of 300 tons ; and the 
 McKennie bank, situated about one mile south of 
 Youngstown, which was opened in 1868, the daily 
 capacity of which is 200 tons. This company is open- 
 ing a slope near Youngstown. The capacity is not 
 yet tested. The Company owns 1000 acres of coal land 
 
<34 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 and gives employment to 600 men. There were mined 
 from these banks, in 1872, 130,000 tons, and in 1S73 
 81,000 tons. They built and own five miles of rail- 
 road track, connecting their works with the C. & M. 
 R. R., and have a capital invested of $225,000. 
 
 McCurdy Coal Co.— The works of this company are situated in 
 Liberty township, near Vienna, and were opened in 
 1871. The shaft has a daily capacity of 300 tons of 
 coal. The Company employs about 100 men, and 
 mined, in 1873, 30,000 tons of coal. They own 300 
 acres of coal land, and employ a capital of $100,000. A 
 branch track was built and is owned by this Com- 
 pany, one and a half miles in length, by which the 
 works are connected with the C. & M. R. R. 
 
 McKinuey Shaft was opened at Mineral Ridge, in 1S71, by 
 Wick, Powers & Co., and is now operated by Jona- 
 than Warner. This shaft has a daily capacity of 200 
 tons. There are employed 100 men, and the products 
 for 1873 were 10,000 tons of coal and black-band ore. 
 
 Morris John & Co.— This shaft is situated at Mineral Ridge ; it 
 was opened in 1856, by Tod, Mills & Co., and is now- 
 owned by J. Robbins, Jr. The daily capacity is 150 
 tons. There are employed about 150 men. In 1873 
 the product was about 20,000 tons. There is a capital 
 of $20,000 invested in the works. 
 
 Peacock Mines were opened in 1853, by Rice, French & Co., and 
 are now owned by Jonathan Warner. They are situ- 
 ated at Mineral Ridge, and employ 50 men. 
 
 Penneli Bank was put in operation in 1871, by the New Lisbon 
 Coal Company. This company mined, in 1873, 20,625 
 tons of coal. The capacity of their colliery is about 
 150 tons per day. They own 250 acres of land, and 
 employ an average of 60 men. Their works are 
 situated in Austintown. 
 
 Powers Coal Co.— This company opened a mine in 1S69 in 
 Liberty township, which has a daily capacity of 300 
 tons. The company employs 175 men, who mined, in 
 1S73, 75,000 tons. The capital stock of this company is 
 .^100,000. 
 
 Vienna Coal and Iron Co.— This company operate two mines, 
 which were opened in 1869, and are known as Vienna 
 Mines, Nos. 1 and 2, and have a daily capacity of 600 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 6-3 
 
 tons. The company gives employment to 300 men. 
 They own 900 acres of coal land and represent a cap- 
 ital of $300,000. 
 Wise Coal Shaft was opened by the Girard Iron Company in 
 1S68, and is now operated by the Wise Coal Company, 
 who own six hundred acres of land. The daily ca- 
 pacity of the company is 250 tons. There are employ- 
 ed here about 150 men, and the coal mined in 1873 
 was 30,000 tons. The capital invested is $03,000. 
 From the following works we failed to receive statistics in 
 time for publication : Haroff Mines,Foster Coal Company, Pack- 
 ard Coal Company, Wick & Wells bank, Moore & Co., Ohlton 
 Coal Co., Harris, Maurer & Co., Jacobs & Son, and the mine op- 
 erated by Messrs. Andrews Bros. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 The enterprising settlers of the Western Reserve were also 
 the pioneers of the iron business of this State. Clendenin, 
 Montgomery & Mackay, of Youngstown, built the first furnace 
 in Ohio, at the mouth of Yellow Creek, on the Mahoning, in 
 1808, within ten years after the settlement of this region. Be- 
 fore that time all the castings and all the bar iron required on 
 the Reserve was, like the grindstones, brought from great dis- 
 tances, at a heavy expense. Iron was almost a precious metal. 
 Thia establishment was what is called among iron masters a 
 "pocket furnace," eight feet across the boshes, and about thirty 
 feet high. It stood like all the old furnaces, against a bluff, and 
 was charged over a bridge built from the bank to the top of the 
 stack. Its ruins are still visible a short distance below the Mt. 
 Nebo mine. It was, of course, a charcoal furnace, with cold 
 blast, driven by water power, producing only a ton and a half 
 to two tons per day. In 1809, James Heaton built a refining 
 forge on Musquito Creek, where is now the prosperous village 
 of Niles, in Trumbull county, for the manufacture of bar iron 
 with charcoal, from the pig of the Yellow Creek furnace, and 
 which produced the first hammered bars of the State. The 
 second furnace in the State was erected on Brush Creek, Adams 
 county, near the Ohio river, in 1811. In 1812, James Heaton 
 built a furnace at Niles. Daniel Eaton & Sons, in 1813, pur- 
 chased the Yellow Creek furnace, and also built another on the 
 same creek, at the falls, two or three miles above. Thirty years 
 5 
 
GG YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 afterwards the business of making iron with bituminous coal* 
 in a raw state, in the United States, originated in this vicinity- 
 The history of this great industry is worthy of attention. 
 About 1815, Aaron Norton, of Middlebury, near Akron, put a 
 charcoal furnace in blast, using a water power half a mile above 
 the village. In 1819, Asaph Whittlesey built a forge on the 
 Little Cuyahoga, a mile and a half below Middlebury, where 
 the present railways cross that stream. 
 
 The new business soon began to develop rapidly in the 
 Lake Shore region. Along the northern slopes of the sand 
 ridges, which lie near to and parallel with the shore, are frequent 
 beds and bunches of bog iron ore, deposited from springs that 
 issue from the ridges. It is a lean ore of about 25 'per cent., but 
 makes a soft and valuable metal, especially for castings. Most 
 of it was run into stoves, kettles and other hollow ware for 
 domestic uses. These establishments are now in ruins, and 
 their localities have passed from the public remembrance. 
 As most of their proprietors needed capital, and however ener- 
 getic they may have been most of them w T ere unfortunate in the 
 results. We will do something to preserve their memories, by 
 inserting a condensed abstract of the owners and situations of 
 the old charcoal furnaces of the Reserve. They were not then, 
 as iron works are now, a presage of personal wealth and posi- 
 tion. With the pioneer iron men it was an experience of toil, 
 perplexity and risk, that more often ended in pecuniary ruin : 
 STATEMENT OF THE EARLY COLD BLAST FURNACES AND 
 FORGES, OF THE WESTERN RESERVE, OHIO, WITH THE 
 DATE OF ERECTION, LOCATION, NAMES OF BUILDERS 
 AND OWNERS, AND WHEN ABANDONED. 
 (Prepared by Col. Wbittlesey,of Cleveland, for J, Wiggins' "Cleveland as It Is.") 
 
 1808— Yellow Creek,Trumbull Co., Mackey,Montgomery & Clendenin. 
 
 1809— Musquito Creek (I'orge), Niles, Trumbull Co.,JamesHeaton— 1845. 
 
 1812— Musquito Creek (forge i, Niles, Trumbull Co., James Heaton— 1857. 
 
 1813— Yellow Creek Falls, Dan Eaton & Sons— 1833. 
 
 1810— Middlebury, Portage county, Aaron Norton— 1842. 
 
 1819— Little Cuyahoga (forge). Asaph Whittlesey— 1850. 
 
 1824— Geauga Furnace, Painesville, Incorporate Company, in operation. 
 till recently. 
 
 1825— Concord, Lake county, Incorporate Company, destroyed by fire* 
 
 1825— Perry, Cuyahoga county, Thorndike& Drury— not known. 
 
 1825— Madison, Lake County /Root & Wheeler. 
 
 1832 — Madison, Lake county, Clyde Company— 1838. 
 
 1832— Elyria, Lorain county, Herman Ely— 1835. 
 
 1832— Conneaut, not known — not known. 
 
 1832— Elyria (forge), Norton & Barnum— not known. 
 
 1834— Dover, Cuyahoga county, Barber & Hoyt, Cuyahoga Steam Fur- 
 nace Company — run until recently. 
 
 1834— Florence, Huron county, Ford, Wilkinson & Co.— 1840. 
 
 1835— Mill Creek, near Youngstown, not known — 1850. 
 
 1835— Middleburg, Cuyahoga Co., near Berea, D. Griffith & Co.— 1850. 
 
 1840— Akron, Ford, Tod <fe Rhodes— 1855. 
 
 1840— Valley Forge, below Cuyahoga Falls, D. J. Garrett & Co.— 1S45. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 07 
 
 In July, 1845, Himrod & Vincent, of Mercer county, Pa., 
 blew in the Clay Furnace, not many miles from the Ohio line, 
 on the waters of the Shenango. About threo months afterwards, 
 in consequence of a short supply of charcoal, as stated by Mr. 
 Davis, their founder, a portion of coke was used to charge the 
 furnace. Their coal belongs to seam No. 1, the seam which is 
 now used at Shoron and Youngstown, in its raw state, variously 
 known as "Free Burning Splint" or "Block Coal," and which 
 never makes solid coke. A difficulty soon occurred with the 
 cokers, and, as Mr. Himrod states, he conceived the plan of 
 trying his coal without coking. The furnace continued to work 
 well, and to produce a fair quality of metal. 
 
 At the same time Messrs. Wilkinson, Wilkes & Co. were 
 building a furnace on the Mahoning, at Lowell, Mahoning 
 county, Ohio, intended to use mineral coal from seam No. 1, on 
 which they owned a mine near Lowell. 
 
 A sharp correspondence occurred in 18G9 between the par- 
 tisans of the Clay furnace and those of the Lowell furnace, as 
 to their priorty in the use of raw cal. The credit of making 
 the first iron with raw bituminous or semi-bituminous coal, in 
 the United States, belongs to one of these firms. An account 
 of the blowing in of the Lowell Furnace, on the 8th of August, 
 1S46, may be seen in the Trumbull Democrat, of Warren, dated/ 
 August 15th, 184G, where it is stated that to "these gentlemen 
 (Wilkinson, Wilkes & Co.,) belongs the honor of being the 
 first persons in the United States, who have succeeded in put- 
 ting a furnace in blast with raw bituminous coal." According 
 to Mr. Wilkes, writing from Painesville, April 2d, 1S0H; this 
 furnace was run with coke several months, but at what time it 
 does not state. It is admitted that Mr. David Himrod, late "of 
 Youngstown, produced the first metal, with raw coal, about 
 the close of the year 1845, and has continued to use it ever since. 
 The friends of Wilkinson & Co. claim that it was an accident, 
 and a necessity, while their works were built and intended for 
 raw coal. 
 
 Our exhibit of the coal trade in the Mahoning Valley, es- 
 tablishes the fact that this mineral is to be found here in inex- 
 haustible quantities. And our theory that ores can be brought 
 to the coal and made into iron, and iron manufactured into its 
 various uses, at a greater advantage than by transporting the 
 coal to iron, is also an undisputed fact; but in order to sa'tify 
 the credulous, and to obviate any possible chances of contradic- 
 
GS 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN, TAST AND PRESENT 
 
 tion, and the appearance of partiality in our arguments, we 
 have compiled the following table, showing the number and 
 the names of the furnaces now in operation in the Valley, using 
 this fuel in the manufacture of pig iron, with the date of their 
 establishment and their location : 
 
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YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PEESENT. 
 
 69 
 
 In the Mahoning Valley there are now in operation nine 
 rolling mills, where all kinds of merchant iron is made. Con- 
 nected with these establishments are factories for the manufac- 
 ture of nails, spikes, nuts, washers, &c. The following table 
 shows the number of rolling mills in the Valley, the names of 
 the proprietors, when established, and their location : 
 LIST OF ROLLING MILLS IN MAHONING VALLEY, IN 1875 
 
 Brown, Bonnell & Co 
 
 ( iartwright, McCurdy & Co. 
 Girard Rolling Mill Co.,... 
 
 Hall, Jesse & Sons, 
 
 Niles Iron Co., 
 
 Richards & Sons 
 
 Piidgway Iron Co.,..-. 
 
 Falcon iron Works 
 
 Youngstown Rol'g Mill Co. 
 
 1846 
 
 ins- 
 ist; 
 1872 
 
 1S42 
 1870 
 
 LOCATION. 
 
 .Youngstown 
 .Youngstown 
 
 Girard 
 
 Hubbard 
 
 Niles 
 
 Warren 
 
 .Youngstown 
 
 Niles 
 
 Youngstown 
 
 The number of men employed in these works is reported 
 to be 2,445, whose wages amount to $1,050,000 per annum. The 
 capital invested in these works will not fall short of $0,000,000. 
 
 Apart from these there are in operation, in Youngstown, 
 Girard, Niles and Warren, foundries, machine works, nut and 
 washer works, spike works, &c, which do a very large business 
 in these branches, and which swell the value of the manufac- 
 tured products in the Valley to many millions of dollars annu- 
 ally. 
 
Official Directory 
 
 COUWTY OFFICIALS. 
 
 JOHN R. DAVIS, Sheriff- 
 
 ALEXANDER DICKSON,.: Treasurer. 
 
 JAMES K. BAILEY, Auditor. 
 
 E. K. KNOWLTON, Clerk. 
 
 S. B. REIGER Recorder. 
 
 I. A. JUSTICE Prosecuting Attorney. 
 
 M. V. B. KING, Probate Judge. 
 
 IL M. BOARDMAN Surveyor. 
 
 ROBERT WEASNER, Coroner. 
 
 J. M. JACKSON, Coitsville; JONATHAN SCHIL-) 
 
 LINGER, NewMiddleton; SAM. WALLACE, \ Commissioners. 
 
 Youngstown J 
 
 GEO. D. WETZEL, North Jackson; JOS.) 
 
 C. SCHNURRENBERGER, Greentbrd; A. V Infirmary Directors. 
 
 D. WOOD. Canfield, J 
 
 DANIEL FINK, County Auctioneer. 
 
 CITY OFFICIALS. 
 
 WILLIAM M. OSBORN, Mayor. 
 
 ,_• fS. K. SHEDD. HENRY C. ROWLAND, First Ward. 
 
 •3 I D. V. TILDEN. JOHN A. WOODS SecondWard. 
 
 a -[GORDON PARISH, JOHN S. BESORE Third Ward. 
 
 o J GEORGE T. LEWIS, HUGH KING Fourth Ward. 
 
 O "[GEORGE DANIELS, HENRY TOULMIN, Fifth Ward. 
 
 G. J. WILLIAMS, „., _ Clerk. 
 
 H. B. SHIELDS Treasurer. 
 
 GEORGE F. ARREL, Solicitor. 
 
 OWEN EVANS Marshal. 
 
 J. L. ALEXANDER, Street Commissioner. 
 
 F. E. APPLETON" Civil Engineer. 
 
 F ' %mGK^J^°.?^J^.tT: 1 Water Works Tmstees ' 
 
 J. W. ROSS,.! ..".".."!. '7"'"!!r.!V....!".V.. .'.Chief of Fire Department. 
 
 D. N. SIMPKIXS , Weiuth Master. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. 
 
 joi john d e ™: s :.. GE0 .^: E .. .^ K . EE : 1 Justices of the Peace - 
 
 L. T. FOSTER, JOIIN* BROTHERS, W. T. HUGHES, Trustees. 
 
 G. J. WILLIAMS, Clerk. 
 
 T. H. WILSON, Treasurer. 
 
 ASAHEL MP^DBU R Y, Assessor. 
 
 D. H. ARNOLD, WM. CASEY, M. DONNELLY, Constables. 
 
 FDBIK DEPARTMENT. 
 Companies belonging to the Department meet •>! their Hall, 
 south Hazel street, first Thursday evening of every month. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 71 
 
 Societies. 
 
 Western Star Lodge, No. 21, F. & A. M.— Meets Friday 
 •evenings, in Masonic Hall, over Savings Bank, Public Square. 
 
 Mahoning Council, No. 45, B. S. 31. — Meets Wednesday 
 evenings, in Masonic Hall, over Savings Bank, Public Square. 
 
 Hillman Lodge (3fasonic).— Meets first and third Wednes- 
 days of each month, in Masonic Hall, over Savings Bank, 
 Public Square. 
 
 Youngstown Chapter, No. 93, B. A. J/.— Meets Thursday 
 evenings, in Masonic Hall, over Savings Bank, Public Square. 
 
 St. John's Commandery, No. 20, K. T. — Meets Monday 
 evenings, in Masonic Hall, over Savings Bank, Public Square. 
 
 Mahoning Jjodge, K. P.— Meets every Friday evening, in 
 Arms' Hall, Federal street. 
 
 O. U. A. 31.— Meets every Wednesday evening, in Hamil- 
 ton's Block Hall, Federal street. 
 
 Hebron Lodge, No. 55, J. O. O. F.— Meets every Tuesday 
 evening, in Ritter's Hall, Federal street. 
 
 Youngstown Lodge, No. 403, 1. O. O. F. — Meets every Wed- 
 nesday evening, in Ritter's Hall, Federal street. 
 
 Pymatuning Encampment, No. 14, L. O. O.F. — Meets second 
 and fourth Mondays of each month, in Ritter's Hall, Federal 
 street. 
 
 Youngstown Lodge, S. of T.— Meets every Monday evening, 
 in Arms' Hall, Federal street. 
 
 Banner of Israel Lodge, No. 99, A. J. O. K. S. B.— Meets 
 every alternate Sabbath at their Hall in McEwen, Shields & 
 Bailey's Drug Store. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN 
 
 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 
 
 The following is a complete and classified list of the different 
 
 industrial and professional pursuits conducted in Youngstown, 
 
 and the names of those who are engaged in them: 
 
 Kurfess Jacob, 243 west Federal. 
 Maw by, Fisher & Co., 48 wsst 
 
 Federal. 
 Noll Geo., 115 east Federal. 
 Weick Christian, G9 west Federal. 
 Thoman & Brother, 5 east Federal. 
 Thullen H. M., 100 e. Boardman. 
 Travis I. II., 101 west Federal. 
 
 Architect. 
 
 Ellis, Win. B., 30 West Federal. 
 
 Attorneys. 
 
 Arrel Geo. F., 54 west Federal. 
 Brown W. L., 13 North Phelps. 
 Clark S. L., 19 west Federal. 
 Eddy Burdett O., 45 west Federal. 
 Hoffman B. F., 17 west Federal. 
 Johnson M. W, 13 west Federal. 
 Jones & Murray, 49 west Federal. 
 Justice & Thoman, SI west Federal. 
 Ijawthers W. T., 11 west Federal. 
 Lester C. R., Diamond block. 
 Moses H. H., s. side, Public Sqr. 
 Osborn Wm, M., 21 west Federal. 
 Rogers & Rogers, 36 west Federal. 
 Sanderson Thos. W., cor. south 
 
 Market and Public Square. 
 Smith Clate A., 13 west Federal. 
 Strong Sidney, 55 west Federal. 
 Truesdale & Iline, 47 west Federal, 
 
 2d floor. 
 Wilson David M., 8 west Federal. 
 Wirt B. F., 17 west Federal. 
 Woodworth L. D., 17 west Federal. 
 
 Auction House. 
 
 Phillips Thos., 73 west Federal. 
 
 Bakers and Confectioners. 
 
 C. WEICK, 
 
 ecuenery, 
 
 No. G9 Federal Street, 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN, O. 
 
 Andrews Walter, 85 west Federal. 
 Decker George M., 60 east Federal. 
 Ford Thomas H., 22 east Federal. 
 Gerstle Mrs. C, 59 west Federal. 
 
 GEO. NOLL, Proprietor, 
 
 115 East Federal St. 
 Manuf'er aud Dealer iu all kind of 
 
 Mr. Koll lias one of the finest resorts 
 of the kind in the city. Dread and 
 Cakes of every description are always 
 on hand. Oysters and Ice Cream serv- 
 ed up in every style, in proper season. 
 
 Choice Tobaccos and Cigars al 
 to be had. 
 
 Banks. 
 
 First Nat. Bank, 15 west Federal. 
 Youngstown Savings & LoanAss'n 
 
 Public Square and Market. 
 Wick Brothers & Co.'s, 38 w. Fed'l. 
 
 Barbers, 
 
 Clark II., 2 west Federal. 
 Fitzhugh W., 43 west Federal. 
 Flood Mrs. E., 55 and 65 w Federal.. 
 Harris Cyrus, 109 west Federal. 
 Raster A., Federal and Hazel. 
 Moore D. C, 27 west Federal. 
 Roberts It , Stanford House. 
 Schroeder Conrad, south Hazel. 
 Stewarts. T., Public Square. 
 West Samuel, Tod House. 
 
 Billiards. 
 
 Herbert C. J., Tod House. 
 McKeever W. J., 105 west Federah 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 7fc 
 
 Moore W. IL, 42 west Federal. 
 Wilson James, 15 north Hazel. 
 
 Bill Posters. 
 
 Rook Samuel C, Diamond. 
 Sprague Chas. H., 54 west Federal. 
 
 Blacksmiths. 
 
 Collcott John, 5 Mill. 
 Davis Wm., 22 west Wick. 
 ! »nike & Fitch, rear 41 w. Federal. 
 Eberspacher, Chas., 129 e. Federal. 
 Flanery & Woods, Presquile. 
 Ford Thomas F., Champion. 
 Grim Lewis P., Chestnut. 
 Jacobs Sheldon, 205 Phelps, 
 ltipple William, south Champion. 
 
 Boarding Houses. 
 
 Cummings M., Front & Walnut. 
 <ieitner Jacob, 127 east Federal. 
 Holland Mrs. Dorcas, Board man. 
 Hopkins Margaret, Presquile. 
 1 1 nil" Joseph, S3 west Wick. 
 Hurlbut Anna, 1G east Front. 
 James Ann, Bane near Walnut. 
 Pelen Wm., 132 east Federal. 
 Warner Mrs. Lavina, 104 e. Front. 
 Williams Hannah, east Bane. 
 
 Boiler Makers. 
 
 Hennessv John, east Federal . 
 Pollock W. B. & Co., 91 Basin. 
 
 Book Binder. 
 
 Beil John, 29 north Phelps. 
 
 Books and Stationery. 
 
 Manning, McKeown & Co., 17 
 
 west Federal. 
 McDowell Geo. B., 27 w. Federal. 
 McHale T. G., 29 west Federal. 
 Streeter D. R., 29 north Phelps. 
 Wilson James, Federal and Hazel. 
 
 Boots and Shoes. 
 
 15 o o t a in! Shoe Maker, 
 
 14 East Federal St., 
 Has the reputation of getting up the 
 and most fashionable Boots and 
 Shoes; emyloyingnone but first-class 
 workmen, ami prices compare favor- 
 able with any other establishment in 
 the state. Give him a call. 
 
 Chambers & McCormick, 70 west 
 
 Federal. 
 Harrow W. II. , Phelps n. Federal. 
 Griest George E., 102 west Federal. 
 Kri'hbaum J. P., 73 east Federal. 
 Levi M., 9G east Front. 
 McClean N. L., S3j west Federal. 
 McGillin & Smith, 40 west Federal. I 
 Phillips Thomas, 7:j west Federal. ' 
 
 Raub Vincent, 134 east Federal. 
 Seagrave Bros., 53 wesl Federal. 
 Stein I*\, 10 west Federal. 
 Turner 1". II., 14 east Federal. 
 Weaver C. B., 26 west Federal. 
 
 Breweries. 
 
 Haid Mrs. Mary, 16 Henrietta. 
 Seeger Matthias, Pike. 
 Smith's John Sons, 2o.">v,'. Federal- 
 Bricklayer and Contractor. 
 Berry P. Ross, 52 Thomas. 
 
 Brick Manufacturers. 
 
 Montgomery Lewis, Haselton. 
 Thomas John R., Mary. 
 
 Bntchers. 
 
 Ahrweiler& Kirchberg, Diamond.. 
 Beard Bros., Mahoning avenue. 
 Creed Oliver, GO west Federal. 
 Deible Joseph, 11 north Phelps. 
 Deible Peter, 55 west Federal. 
 Levistein S., 103 west Federal. 
 Raub & Rauppel, 134£ east Federal. 
 Reff John, so west Federal. 
 Steinfield II., 58 east Federal. 
 Troag & Kaercher, 6 Mill. 
 Wellendorf & Schuhrk, 10 i 
 
 Federal. 
 Winsper II. C, 97i west Federal. 
 
 Carpenters and Builders. 
 
 Hawn Brothers, north Hazel. 
 
 Hull ChasW., 40 west Wi 
 
 Beed, Timmerman & Co., north/ 
 
 Holmes. 
 Jones John II., Boardman. 
 McCarty If. M., Wick near Hazel. 
 Seifert ARosie, north Holmes. 
 Silliman T. M., 60 wi 
 Vanalstine Thos. B., west Wick. 
 
 Carpets. 
 
 "Boston Carpet Company," S. D. 
 
 Carrier, 32 A: 35 <^ral. 
 
 TUK BOSTON CARPET STORE. 
 
 This is the largest carpet house, ex- 
 cept one. in Eastern or KorthemOhio, 
 and occupies two entire stores — Xos. 
 32 and 34 East .Federal street— ground 
 floor and basement, and in connection 
 have a warehouse 50x2 ] • main 
 exhibition room is 130x30, and is fur- 
 nished with all the appliances for con- 
 ducting the carpet business. No. 34 
 East Federal b1 reet enter- into the Oil 
 Cloth departments, which contains 
 every width and grade of Floor and 
 Stall' Oil < 'lot l is, figured and plain, Ta- 
 ble Covers, Oil Rugs, Carriage OiL 
 Cloths, Ac. Thenexl space is devoted 
 to Matting and Mats, of which they 
 are selling agents of Beveral makes. 
 The piles of these goods from floor to 
 
YOUNGSTOWN", PAST AND PKESENT. 
 
 c eiling. of widths and kinds, enable 
 them to till with dispatch any order 
 for churches, hotels, halls. &c,at any 
 distance. This house was established 
 in 1872, and is now entering its third 
 year, and, in spite of strikes, the panic 
 and hard times generally, has done 
 double the business the past as in the 
 previous year. They make great ef- 
 forts to keep the different departments 
 of their business stocked with the 
 choicest patterns, and to keep their 
 prices as low as any house in the State, 
 and to represent their goods exactly 
 as they are. They have gained an en- 
 viable reputation for reliability and 
 square dealing, and their constantly 
 increasing trade, coming from all parts 
 of the State illustrate the importance 
 of Youngstown as a commercial point; 
 and the fact that many customers, 
 after visiting other cities, have placed 
 their orders with them, speaks vol- 
 umes for their prices and assortment. 
 
 Carriage Manufacturers. 
 
 •Chapman, Drake & Co., n Market. 
 Eberspaeher Chas., 129 e. Federal. 
 Francis, Daniel E., 55 east Federal. 
 Hollan Richard, 204 west Fedoral. 
 Seigt'ried & Lemley, Boardman. 
 Snyder S., 5 east Federal. 
 
 Cigars and Tobacco. 
 
 Brandmiller H., 03 west Federal 
 Haniman & Bernd, 31 west Federal. 
 Meiding Hugo, 7 west Hazel. 
 Mitchell John, 116 west Federal. 
 Mittler E., 87 west Federal. 
 Morris J. F. & Co., 9 north Phelps. 
 Strealy S. J., Public Square. 
 Tod House. 
 
 Civil and Mining Engineers. 
 
 Appleton F. E., 7h Public Square. 
 Jones John II., Boardman. 
 Haseltine Robert M., Haselton. 
 Matthews E. R., Public Square. 
 Reno James M., 7-i Public Square. 
 
 Clothing. 
 
 Boyle & MeGillin, 52 west Federal. 
 Brown & Friend. 58 west Federal. 
 Hano & Sadler, 81 west Federal. 
 Klein D. A., 89 west Federal. 
 Smith, Myers & Bernstein, 45 west 
 
 Federal. 
 Theobald D. & Co., west Federal. 
 
 Coal Dealers. 
 
 Church Hill Coal Co., s. Market. 
 Powers Coal Co., south Market. 
 Andrews Brothers, Haselton. 
 Andrews C. H. & W. C. Public Sqr. 
 Andrews & Hitchcock, Public Sqr. 
 Andrews & Son, north Market. 
 Jacobs P. & Sons, 61 east Federal. 
 Mahoning Coal Co., Federal. 
 
 McCurdy Coal Co., 15 west Federal . 
 McDowell, Wick & Co., Public Sqr. 
 Wick Ceo. D. & Co., 5 n. Phelps. 
 Himrod Furnace Co., Federal. 
 Vienna Coal & Iron Co., s. Market. 
 
 A. ASDERSOX <!fc SOX, 
 
 Doing a general AVarehouse Business, 
 corner Market and Wick Streets, opp. 
 Diamond Mills, Dealers in Anthracite 
 Block and Nut Coals, Flour, Peed, 
 Grain, Salt, Lime. Plaster, Cement, 
 and Sewer Pipe; also Commissioners 
 in Wool. 
 
 Collection Agency. 
 
 Rany & Lester, Public Square. 
 Ladd Johu A., 19 west Federal. 
 
 Commission Merchants. 
 
 Decker & Simpkins, 130 
 Federal. 
 
 west 
 
 Crockery and Glassware. 
 
 Hall John, 113 west Federal. 
 Williams A. J., 9 west Federal. 
 
 Dentists. 
 
 Acheson N. B., west Federal. 
 Baird Charles A., 6 west Federal. 
 Erwin James J., 4 east Federal. 
 Gibbons B. F., 9 west Federal. 
 Whitslar F. S. 3 west Federal. 
 
 Dress Makers. 
 
 Buchanan Mrs. M., Button alley. 
 Caldwell Isabella, 53 west Federal. 
 Hammeil A. E., 11 south Phelps. 
 
 Druggists. 
 
 Cans Wick C, 7 west Federal. 
 Manning, McKeowu <& Co., 17 
 
 west Federal. 
 McEwen, Shields & Bailey, 47 
 
 west Federal. 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 Arms, Wiclc «fc Blocksom, 
 
 Dealers in 
 
 Imported and Domestic Dry Goods, 
 
 House Furnishing Goods, Hosiery, No- 
 tions, Laces and Embroideries, at 
 the lowest market rates for cash. 
 
 No. 21 West Federal St. 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN, O. 
 
 Metz & Neal, south-east cor. Fedl'. 
 Andrews Brothers & Co., Haselton 
 Arms, Wick a Blocksom, 21 west 
 
 Federal. 
 Clemens M., 36 east Federal. 
 Courtney T. M. & Co., 49 w. Fed'l. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AM) PRESENT. 
 
 75 
 
 Gates John, 32 west Federal. 
 Griest Gen. E„ 102 west Federal. 
 McGillin E. M. <t Co., 53 w. Fed'l. 
 Theobald D. & Co., 5 west Federal 
 Wells & Moore. 30 west Federal. 
 
 Dyeing; and Scouring. 
 
 Ponticost James, 88 west Federal. 
 Mouett Joseph, Public .Square. 
 
 Express CompanitK. 
 
 CJ. S. Express Co., north Phelps. 
 Union Express Co., 47 w. Federal. 
 
 Fish Dealer. 
 
 Starkweather Leroy, 11 n. Phelps. 
 
 Flour anil Feed. 
 
 Andrews A. & Son, north Market. 
 Eewis B. G-., 42 Loughridge. 
 Cornelius Wm., 121 east Federal. 
 Decker & Simpkins, 130 w. Fed'l. 
 McCartney, J. H. & Co., 20 w. Fedl. 
 Poultney, J. S., 28 east Federal. 
 ♦Stiles, S. F., 104 west Federal. 
 Yegeu & Hettinger, t>5 w. Federal. 
 
 Fionr aim*. 
 
 Baldwin, Homer, Mill. 
 
 Nold, Brown & Co., Wick & Market. 
 
 Rany, BonuelL& Co., Champion. 
 
 Founders. 
 
 Homer, Hamilton & Co., east 
 
 Boardman and Canal. 
 Ward, Booth & Miller, s. Phelps. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 Oilman C. H. & Co., 40 w. Federal. 
 Parish, Nash & Co., 36 e. Federal. 
 Shields, Orr& Co., 34 west Federal. 
 Schuinan O. <fc Co., 124 w. Federal. 
 
 Gent*' Furnishing- Goods. 
 
 Albert T. B. A Co., Public-Square. 
 Boyle & McGillin, 52 west Federal. 
 Hano & Sadler, 81 west Federal. 
 Klein D. A., 89 west Federal. 
 Mittler E., 87 west Federal. 
 Phillips Thos., 73 west Federal. 
 Shaffner A., 39 west Federal. 
 
 Grocers. 
 
 Andrews Brothers & Co.. Ilaselton. 
 Beard Henry, 4 east Federal. 
 Bowers Wilson, 109 west Federal. 
 Caurield A- Son, l:;i wet Federal. 
 Clemens M., 136 east Federal. 
 Daly John M., 27 south Watt. 
 Davis .1. W., 71 east Frout. 
 Davie* & William* 1155 »-. Fed'l. 
 Demps>;. John, V6S eaai Federal. 
 
 Dougherty R., 237 west Federal. 
 Dressell& Booths, Briar Hill. 
 Evans E. J., 4 west Federal. 
 Flinn James, McGutf'y. 
 G-illen Charles, 38 Rayen ave. 
 Goldstein Flora, 83 west Federal. 
 Griest Geo. E., 150 west Federal. 
 Hall II. 11., ~r> west Federal. 
 Hall Wm. II , 71 west Federal. 
 Hildebrand Bros., Mill and High, 
 ilorton Jno. W., 128 east Fedeial. 
 Howehs A. J. & Co , 11 w. Federal. 
 
 A. J. HOWELLS & CO., 
 
 \\ holesale Dealers in 
 
 Groceries.Liprs,Ci£ars&Toliaccos, 
 
 No. 11 West Federal St., 
 
 YOUXGSTUWX, OHIO. 
 
 Hughes Wm. T., 10 east Federal. 
 HullS., south Phelps near Wick. 
 James James L., Moore near Fedl. 
 Jehu John & Co., 117 west Federal. 
 Kennedy James, Oak near R. R. 
 Kennedy Patrick, 67 e. Boardman. 
 Kentner O. A. Rs Co., 21 n. Phelps. 
 King Godfrey, 415 west Federal. 
 Lochray <fc Birmingham, 114 wes; 
 
 Federal. 
 McKelvey & Brainard, 77 w. Fed'l. 
 
 McKELVEY A- BKAIXAKD. 
 
 This firm commenced doing a strict- 
 ly cash business on the 1st of April, 
 1874, at No. 77 West Federal street. 
 
 Mr. McKelvey was formerly engaged 
 in the grocery and provision business 
 on the West Side, being junior partner 
 of the firm of \V. L. & G. McKelvey. 
 Mr Brainard was formerly of the firin 
 of Vetter & Brainard, feed and grain 
 dealers, doing business on the West 
 Side, but more latterly engaged in the 
 shipping ot grain. The firm carry a 
 large and choice stock of Groceries 
 and Provision They pay particular 
 attention to the produce "trade, matt- 
 ing Choice Yellow Butter a specialty 
 iu the packing season. They handle 
 Ear-corn and Oats by the the car load, 
 and do a business of thirty thousand 
 bushels per year, i >n t be first ofSept , 
 is74, they opened a branch Feed, Grain 
 and Grocery store at Poland, Ohio. 
 Mr. Charles E. Brainard, acting a< 
 agent. The constant increasing busi 
 ness at both stores ia sufficient evi- 
 dence that the quality, prices and mode 
 of doimc business are satisfactory to 
 the trade of the Mahoning Valley. 
 
 McKelvy & Gault, Mahoning ave. 
 McNalley James, 126 w. Federal. 
 Moore T., Ridgway place. 
 Nichols it Treudley, »> e. Federal. 
 Obendofer Tobias, I35east Federal. 
 O'DonnellO.A C'),4I west Federal. 
 Predmnm .las. <v S ma, 25 w. Fed'l. 
 Ramser & Stoeber, 99 w. Federal. 
 
7G 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Reel & Moyer, 43 west Federal. 
 
 REEL $■ MOYEB,, 
 
 GEOCEES, 
 
 No. 43 West Federal St., 
 
 YOUNGSTOWN, O. 
 
 Roberts John, Freeman. 
 
 Smith Andseu, Federal and Watt. 
 
 Smith, Myers &, Bernstein, 92 east 
 
 Front. 
 Steele S. A. & Bro., 133 w. Federal. 
 Stouffer & Ewing, Mahoning ave. 
 Taylor James, Shehy. 
 Woodman & Bros, 13 west Fed'l. 
 Zimmitt Michael, Oak. 
 
 Gunsmith. 
 
 Undy Walter, 19 west Federal. 
 Hairdressing'. 
 
 Bierdman Mrs. P. M., 52 w. Wood. 
 Smith J. C,, rear 108 west Federal. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 Fowler, Stambaugh & Co., 3G west 
 
 Federal. 
 Hollingsworth E. G., 84 w. Federal. 
 Morris, Shook <te Co., 2 Pub. Sqr. 
 Packard A. J. & Co , 18 w. Fed'l. 
 
 IIAKDWATIE HEADQUARTERS 
 
 OP 
 
 A. J. PACKABI) «fc CO., 
 
 No. 8 W. Federal St., Youngstown, O. 
 All kinds of Hardware, Iron, Nails, 
 and Housetrimmings, Coal Bank Fur- 
 nishings, &c. Never will be undersold. 
 
 Hats & Caps. 
 
 Albert T. B. & Co., 8 Public Sqr. 
 
 O. B. WEAVER, 
 Manufacturer & Dealer in 
 
 BATS J&m J3i CAPS. 
 
 Silk Hats made to orded to suit 
 individual styles. Heads meas- 
 ured by the Conformetor. Hats 
 fitted to the head by the Conform- 
 etor. Old hats remodeled into pres- 
 ent shapes, trimmed, ironed and 
 finished as good as new. 
 
 26 W. Federal St., Cor. Phelps, 
 
 rorjivcitromr, o. 
 
 Weaver C. B., 20 west Federal. 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 American House, 74 & 76 w. Fedl. 
 Central House, n. e. cor. Pub. Sqr. 
 City Hotel, Federal & Hazel. 
 Tod House, Public Sqr. & Market. 
 
 Maitland House, Federal & Water. 
 Stanford House, 107 west Federal. 
 
 House Furnishing- Goods. 
 
 Towns B. H., 129 west Federal. 
 Gray Robt. W., 117 east Federal. 
 Squire James & Co., 9 east Federal 
 
 Insurance Agents. 
 
 Haney Ceo. W., 55 west Federal. 
 Jones & Gardner, 45 west Federal. 
 Leibman Rev. L., 03 west Federal. 
 McGinness & Sprague, 54 w. Fedl. 
 Murray T. W., 03 west Federal. 
 Rice A. H., Public Square. 
 RookS.G, Harber's blk, Diamond.. 
 Thompson J. W., (i7 west Federal. 
 
 Iron, Nails and .Spikes. 
 
 Bonnell, Botsford & Co., Wick. 
 Pig Iron. 
 
 Andrews Brothers, Haselton. 
 
 Andrews & Hitchcock, Public Sq. 
 
 Brown, Bonnell & Co., south Mar- 
 ket and Champion. 
 
 Cartwrigbt, McCurdy & Co., west 
 end Federal. 
 
 Himrod Furnace Co.,east end FedL 
 
 Jewelers. 
 
 Bakody John, 27 west Federal. 
 Brenner John F., 27 west Federal. 
 Coats Chas. C, 40 west Federal, 
 Felber & Jeannot, west Federal. 
 Jonas A., 39 west Federal. 
 Smith Walter G., 51 west Federal. 
 
 WALTER G. SMITH, 
 
 Dealer in 
 
 Fine Watekes^ 
 
 Rich Jewelry and Solid Silverware, 
 YOUNG STOWX, O. ' 
 
 Justices of the Peace. 
 
 Edwards J. M., 19 west Federal. 
 McKee George, 41 west Federal. 
 Rany J. D., Public Square. 
 Lamtdries. 
 
 City Laundry, 25 north Phelps. 
 Wilson George, 25 north Phelps. 
 
 Leather Dealer*. 
 
 Van Fleet J. & Son, 07 w. Federal. 
 
 I.imc, Cement. &e. 
 
 Andrews A. Son, Market. 
 
 Decker & Simpkins, north Holmes. 
 
 Erskine & Warner, Champion. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 77 
 
 Liquor Dealers. 
 
 Gallagher John, west Wick. 
 Jehu John & Co., 117 west Federal. 
 Roberts David, 60 west Federal, 
 Shwab A. & Son, 22, north west 
 Public Square. 
 
 Uvery Stables. 
 
 Callahan D. & Z., Boardman. 
 Cassidy Charles, 10 north Hazel. 
 Evans David, Hazel. 
 Graham Hugh, 70 west Federal. 
 Hawn &Mc^abb, 5 south Phelps. 
 Maitland House, Dutton alle3 r . 
 McCay John, rear of Tod House. 
 Mcintosh John, Public Square. 
 Nelson & Ferrin, 7 south Phelps. 
 Ward John, 7 west Wick. 
 Viall C. G., west Wick and Hazel. 
 
 Lumber Dealers. 
 
 Aldrieh & Granger, 50 e. Federal. 
 Dingledy & Crawford, 134 e. Fed'l. 
 Frances M. E. & Co., south Market 
 Hoffman F. & Co., north Holmes. 
 Reno, McClure & Co., 107 and 109 
 
 east Federal. 
 Sutherland C. & Co., 30 east Fed'l. 
 
 Machinists. 
 
 Homer Hamilton & Co., east Board- 
 man and Canal. 
 
 Marble Works. 
 
 Brenner & Enders, Mill. 
 
 Merchant Tailors* 
 
 Boyle & McGillin, 52 w. Federal. 
 Calvin James, 18 south Phelps. 
 Collins James, west Federal. 
 Courtney T. M. & Co., 49 w. Fed'l. 
 Fox Henry, 20 n. w. Public Sqr. 
 Goodwin Perry, SS west Federal. 
 Kroeck A., 33 west Federal. 
 Mitchell Patrick, Federal <fe Hazel. 
 Sutch James, 12 east Federal. 
 Theobald D. & Co., west Federal. 
 Tinnoy & Miller, 19 west Federal. 
 Toulmin Henry, Mahoning ave. 
 Van Winkle S., 32 west Federal. 
 
 Milk Depot. 
 
 Millikin Bros., 49 west Federal. 
 Millinery. 
 
 Bartlett Emma, 61 east Front. 
 Burnsido Mrs. R., 18 east Federal. 
 Griffiths E & Co., 113 east Federal. 
 Hoover A. M., 6 west Federal. 
 Kaufman I. . '24 west Federal. 
 McGillin E. M.& Co., 54 w. Federal. 
 Miller Mrs. Jacob, 110 w. Federal. 
 
 Miller, Mrs. S., 128 west Federal. 
 Rlggs Martha, 6 Public Square. 
 Strealy, Mrs. M., 35 west Federal. 
 
 Nail Keg: Manufacturer. 
 
 Bell Edwin, foot of Phelps. 
 Newspapers and Job Printers. 
 
 Daily and Weekly Tribune, 19 
 
 north Phelps. 
 Mahoning Vindicator, 8 west Fedl. 
 Miner and Manufacturer, 26 e. Fed. 
 Saturday Advertiser, westFoderal. 
 The Mahoning Register, Daily and 
 
 Weekly, 17 w. Federal. 
 Weekly Review (German), 03 west 
 
 Federal. 
 
 Notaries Public. 
 
 Carroll Trumbull L., 41 w. Federal. 
 Clark S. L., 19 west Federal. 
 Edwards J. M., 19 west Federal. 
 
 Nuts and Washers. 
 
 Arms, Bell & Co., near the foot of 
 Market. 
 
 Painters. 
 
 Conrad & Son, 5 north Hazel. 
 Hughes Richard, 120 west Federal. 
 Kriehbaum Geo. A., 32 w. Federal. 
 McCue W. H., 109 west Federal. 
 
 Pattern & Fancy Store. 
 
 Tod Miss E. S., 72 west Federal. 
 
 Paint Shops. 
 
 Bixlcr X., Phelps near Federal. 
 Hollingsworth E. G., 84 w. Federal . 
 
 Photographers. 
 L.ON BLACKBITRN'N 
 
 Photograph Gallery, 
 
 22 West Federal St. 
 
 The work made at this gallery i< 
 flrst-class In^very respect. 
 
 Old Pictures copied and enlarged 
 in the latest style to any size. 
 
 Frames and Cliromos at the Lowest 
 prices. 
 
 Blackburn Lon, 22 west Fedoral. 
 Lorov & Terrill, Wick & Phelps. 
 Shaffer Andrew, 40 west Federal. 
 
 Physicians. 
 
 Betts Helen L., 37 east Federal. 
 Brothers & Wonsetler, west Fedl. 
 Buechner Win. L., east Federal. 
 Clark M. S., 5 west Federal. 
 Cornwell H. G., 55 west Federal. 
 
YOUNGSTOWN, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 Cunningham John S., 2 west Fedl. 
 Floor F. V., 81 west Federal. 
 Griffith W. J. & Co., north Phelps. 
 Johaningmeier Henry, Mill. 
 
 Kelty , north side Pub. Sqr. 
 
 Matthews W. S., 27 west Federal. 
 McCurdy John, 17 west Federal. 
 Starr G.L., 83 east Federal 2d floor. 
 Wilson James F.. 47 west Federal. 
 Winans, Isaac, Phelps near Fedl. 
 Woodbridge T. & J. E , 62 w.Fedl. 
 Wye Dr., 25 north Phelps. 
 
 Pianos arte! Organs 
 
 Finney II. E., Public Square. 
 
 Planinj? Mills. 
 
 Dingledy <fe Crawford, 134 e. Fedl. 
 Ellis. Miller & Co., south Market. 
 Loveless Warren, east end of Fedl. 
 Reno, McClure & Co., 107 and 109 
 
 ea*t Federal. 
 Sutherland C. & Co., Lawrence. 
 
 PSnmbers. 
 
 Kelly, Stambaugh & Co., 30 north 
 
 Phelps. 
 Rudge W. S. & Co., north Hazel. 
 
 Powder Dealer. 
 
 Waddell A. F. C, Wick. 
 
 Printers. 
 
 EcKman W. H. & Co., 19 n. Phelps. 
 Fasseit & Gault, 26 east Federal. 
 Odell & Edwards, 8 west Federal. 
 Vaughan C. A. & Co., 17 w. Federal. 
 Weekly Review, 63 west Federal. 
 Woodrow W. H. & Co., 27 w. Fedl. 
 
 Hail Road Office. 
 
 Painesvillo <fe Youngstown R. R., 
 38 west Federal. 
 
 Real Estate. 
 
 Carroll Trumbull L., 41 west Fedl. 
 Finney H. C-, south side Pub. Sqr. 
 Lane L., 17 west Federal. 
 Leibman Rev. L-, 63 west Federal. 
 Mickey Bros., 120 west Federal. 
 McGinness & Sprague, 54 w. Fedl. 
 Miller E. & Co., 130 west Federal. 
 Murray T. W., 63 west Federal. 
 
 MACKEY BROTHERS. 
 
 Amonp the numerous and enter- 
 prising firms in our thriving city, 
 there is none that leads the one whose 
 name heads this article. Since they 
 began business, ahout three years ago, 
 none doing business in their line have 
 done so much to increase its growth 
 and enlarge its boundaries. They are 
 he most extensive Eeal Estate Dealers u\ 
 
 the city. They own valuable property 
 in various parts of the city, and are 
 the original proprietors of what is 
 known as West Youngstown, situated 
 between the city proper and Briar 
 Hill. This plot o*f ground embracing 
 seventy acres is situated on a beautiful 
 eminence on the north side of Federal 
 street, along which the contemplated 
 street rail road is to be built the com- 
 ing spring So large a number of lots 
 have already been sold as to assure its 
 rapid growth. There is still a consid- 
 erable number of these very eligible 
 lots in the market. This firm has also 
 a fine body of building lots in the 
 neighborhood of the "Valley Iron 
 Works," where they have by their ex- 
 tensive sales made quite an addition 
 to the city. The liberal terms upon 
 which they sell their property puts it 
 within the reach of every sober, in- 
 dustrious man, to secure a home for 
 himself and family. 
 
 Bed Bottom Manufacturer. 
 
 McCarty H. M., west Wick. 
 
 Restaurant. 
 
 Basement Tod House. 
 Callahan N. P., 94 west Federal. 
 Conlby Timothy, 96 west Federal. 
 Ford Thos. H., 22 east Federal. 
 Lewis Win. D., 86 west Federal. 
 Loftis Peter, 92 west Federal. 
 Marx Samuel, 119 west Federal. 
 Mawby, Fisher & Co., 48 west FedL 
 White House, 115 west Federal. 
 Wdson James, 15 north Hazel. 
 Viehvin Philip, Mill. 
 
 Rolling Mill. 
 
 Brown, Bonnell & Co., east end: 
 
 Champion and Market. 
 Cartwright, McCurdy & Co., west 
 
 end Federal. 
 Ridgway Iron Co., north-east of 
 
 city limits. 
 Youngstown Rolling Mill Co , west 
 
 of city limtts. 
 
 Oils. 
 
 Waddell A. F. C, 27 Wick. 
 Fowler, Stambaugh <fc Co , 36 west 
 Federal. 
 
 Saddlery and Harness. 
 
 Bushnell & Co , 41 west Federal. 
 Kurz Ernst, 7 north Phelps. 
 Marshall John H., south Phelps. 
 Probst John S. Phelps & Federal. 
 
 Saloons. 
 
 American House, 76 west Federal. 
 Bayer John, 27 north Phelps. 
 Birmingham Wm., 108 west Fedl. 
 Boyle John, 75 west Wick. 
 
YOUNGSTOWX, PAST AND PRESENT. 
 
 :.; 
 
 Brandmiller II., 63 west Federal. 
 Ihirnside James, 23 north Phelps. 
 Cassady James, west Federal. 
 Confoy T., 96 west Federal. 
 Davis Thomas, Central House. 
 Davis Wm.M.,21 n. side Pub. Sqr. 
 Davis Wm. T., it north Hazel. 
 Deible Win. M , 56 west Federal. 
 Karris James, 131 east Federal. 
 1'iiield <*., It'.") west Federal. 
 Finn Patrick, south Champion. 
 Fletcher John, 233 west Federal. 
 Gardener Joseph, 08 west Federal. 
 Gattina James, 24 east Federal. 
 Geitner Jacob, 127 east Federal. 
 
 < livens Robert, 89 Basin. 
 'iuip Fred , 118 east Federal. 
 Hall Samuel, Haze! below Federal. 
 Harris Joseph, Dane near Waluut. 
 Huf Joseph, S3 west Wick. 
 James David, north Chestnut. 
 Jennings P. F., 20 east Federal. 
 Kobel Abraham, Mahoning ave. 
 Lewis Wm. D., 8ti west Federal. 
 LodwigJohn,5 Pub. Sqr. eastside. 
 Loftis Peter, 92 west Federal. 
 Mahony William, south Champion. 
 Maitland Wm., Maitland House. 
 McComb John. 13 north Hazel. 
 McKelvy A. < ;., 94 east Doardman. 
 McLaughlin James, n. Chestnut. 
 Melhaney Thomas, Willow. 
 Milsop Jackson, 123 east Federal. 
 Nixon James, Presquile. 
 
 < >berist Wm. A., Ill west Federal. 
 
 < ►'Reilly James, 12 north Hazel. 
 Peetrie Jacob, 8 east Federal. 
 Quade John, 14 north Hazel. 
 Rilley Michael, 90 west Federal. 
 White House, 115 west Federal. 
 Wright James, 15 north Phelps. 
 
 Sash Weights. 
 
 Sprague Sash Weight Co., south 
 Walnut. 
 
 Shoemakers. 
 
 Atcheson Thomas, 20 east Federal. 
 
 Crawford M W., 124 west Federal. 
 Daly John, 11 north Watt. 
 Fngler A., 24 east Federal. 
 Grant Arthur, 123 west Federal. 
 Henry Cornelius, Hilker. 
 Jones T B., 11 east Federal. 
 Kline Abram, 97 east Boardman. 
 K rower Mathias, Mill 
 Newnes T., 60 east Federal. 
 Rudiseli Jerome, west Wick. 
 
 Soap Manufacturer. 
 
 Franklin William, 223 west Fedl. 
 
 Spike Works. 
 Turner G. & Son, near Valley mill. 
 
 Stone Contractor. 
 
 O'Mara J. II. & Pro., 142 east Fedl. 
 
 Stoves A- Tinware. 
 
 B. II . FOWNES. 
 
 Manufacturer of 
 
 Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Ware, 
 
 Dealer in Stoves, Grates, d-e. 
 Federal St., YOUNGSTOWX, O. 
 
 Fown B. II., 129 west Federal. 
 Graham W. J., 61 west Federal. 
 Gray Robert W., 117 east Federal. 
 Hollingsworth John F., 1 west Fed. 
 Squire James & Co., 9 e. Federal. 
 
 Telegraph OC.ice. 
 
 Western Union, A. G. Frost, agent, 
 Tod House. 
 
 Toys and Notions. 
 
 Flanders L. D., 97 west Federal. 
 Undertakers. 
 
 Saw Mill. 
 
 _. .,.■,. Parish, Nash & Co., 36 e. Federal. 
 
 Price & Larkin, Mill creek, west Shields, Orr & Co., 34 w. Federa'. 
 end Mahoning avenue. Wendler & Co., 40 west Federal, 
 
 Schools. 
 
 TheYoungstownFclectic Institute, 
 Public Square At east Federal. 
 
 Sewing Machine Agents. 
 
 Adair Mrs. E. S., G2 east Federal. 
 Armstrong A. M., 16* w. Federal. 
 Palmer A. S., 6 west Federal. 
 Theobald D. & Co , west Federal. 
 
 Veterinary Snrgeon. 
 
 Ferrin Gardner, 75 Phelps. 
 
 Wagon Makers, 
 
 Everhart Philip, 5 Mill. 
 Weit Jacob, 129 east Federal. 
 
 Water Tuyer. 
 
 Odbert H S , west Wick. 
 
^ 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Early History of the Mahoning Valley, .... 3 
 
 Youngstown Past, - 5 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Reminiscences of Early Settlers, 16 
 
 Col. Hillrnan, - 16 
 
 Extracts from the Diary of Turhard Kirtland, - - - 22 
 
 Letter from Roswell M. Grant, 21 
 
 Sketches of Medical Men, 26 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Youngstown Present, 31 
 
 Youngstown Churches, -.-.---36 
 
 Youngstown Schools, 41 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Manufacturing Interests of Youngstown, - - - - 46 
 
 Commercial, --------- 56 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Coal and Iron Trade of the Mahoning Valley, - - - 59 
 
 Official Directory, 70 
 
 Youngstown Business Directory, 7i 
 
 V