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THE PERRY MEMORIAL 
 
 And Centennial Celebration 
 
 Under the auspices of the National Government and the 
 States of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, 
 New York, Rhode Island, Kentucky, Minnesota and Indiana 
 
 Published by Direction 
 of the 
 
 Inter-State Board of the 
 Perry's Victory Centennial Commissioners 
 
 ^ ' Introduction by 
 
 Henry Watterson 
 
 General Offices 
 CLEVELAND, OHIO 
 
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Introduction 
 
 Whatever \vc may or may not be, we Americans can scarcely 
 l)c called a memorializing people. We seem indeed readier to 
 accept tlie self-assertion of the living than to erect monuments 
 In the dead. Long ago lUirnuni, the showman. (H^cn\ered that 
 even as the average Englishman dearl}- love> a lord does the 
 average Yankee dearly love a lumibug. It is to the women of 
 our land that we are indebted for the stately shaft in honor of 
 Washington which towers over the National Capital, as well as for 
 the ownership of Ah)unt X'ernon. Latterly Lincoln has been 
 coming to a pro]:»er recognition. Hut when we look for visible 
 signs of the saints and sages, the heroes and martyrs of other 
 days, we discover that they are few and far between and very 
 hard to tind. 
 
 In luu-ope. go where you will, you may not come upon a 
 A-illage or hamlet that boasts not some expression of pious homage 
 and local ])ride in bronze or marble, some "storied urn or animated 
 bust," recalling the life and deeds of the great man who was born 
 there, whilst the parks, the streets and the ])ublic ])laces of the 
 cities and towns are everywhere ennobled and beautified by the 
 imagery, inspired by the nomenclature of the past, vitalizing 
 history and educating and elevating the people. 
 
 Arotind the Great Lakes, as we call our inland oceans, with 
 Chicago, the world-famous, for an axis, flanked by Milwaukee, 
 the Queen City of Wisconsin, and Detroit, the h'airy Goddaughter 
 of Michigan — sailing from Duluth to Buffalo — tarrying awhile at 
 Toledo and Sandusky and Erie — shame u])on them! — we look, 
 with a single exception, in vain for some evidence that less than 
 an hundred years ago there lived a man named Oliver Hazard 
 Perry, and, save as a fishing resort, that there is, or ever was a 
 place called Put-in- Bay. 
 
 All honor to the single exception I Tn Cleveland, that miracle 
 of modern jirogress, which carries ( )hio'> challenge to the Great 
 Xortlnvest and gives her rivals on either hand a run for their 
 money, we do learn that, on the lOth of September, 18Li, a battle 
 was fought by Oliver Hazard Perry in the waters of Put-in-Bay, 
 which enabled the victor to relate that "we have met the enemy 
 and they are ours !" 
 
 Next after John Paul Jones stands Oliver Hazard Perry. 
 Jones brought the American RcvolutiiMi home to England. Perry 
 drove England back behind the barricades of her New I-'rance. 
 The fight off Scarl)()rough Head in the North Sea told the world 
 
that if England was the mistress of the sea, America was master. 
 The fight off Put-in-Bay rescued the territory conquered by 
 George Rogers Clark and wiped out the disgrace of Hull's sur- 
 render. Jones laid the cloth for the French alliance. Perry 
 cleared the way for Harrison's advance and shortened the dis- 
 tance between Bladensburg and the Treaty of Ghent. But, above 
 all, it was Perry, like Jones, who gave the world assurance of 
 a man, of an American and of America, the resistless, the uncon- 
 cjuerable; of the flag, the glorious, the wonder-breeding; of the 
 Union, the imperishable. Over every frontispiece from the 
 Aurora Borealis to the Southern Cross, over every temple of 
 liberty and trade, over every arena of manly prowess and pro- 
 ductive achievement, blazing in letters of living light, as Webster 
 would have said, shine forever the letters that spell the words, 
 "We have met the enemy and they are ours." 
 
 Pyramid of Cannon Balls on Put-in-Bay Tsland, marking the Graves of American and British 
 
 Officers killed in the Battle of Lake Erie. This humble tribute, erected from the 
 
 proceeds of an Amateur Theatrical Entertainment on the Island, is 
 
 the only recognition which a grateful Nation has hitherto 
 
 bestowed upon the sacrifices of these heroes. 
 
 It was a marvelous battle, a magical victory. The story reads 
 like a page out of the impossible. Truly is there a destiny that 
 governs the world and rules in the lives of men. The young 
 subaltern, rusting and fretful in the little Rhode Island seaport; 
 the longed-for call to action and the instant answer of the minute 
 men ; the sudden apparition of a fleet in the harbor of Erie as 
 though some wizard hand had touched the forest and commanded 
 
its trees of oak and ash to rise and sail the deep; the thunder of 
 the guns carrying Freedom's message of defiance; the havoc, the 
 repulse, the running of the gauntlet of fire and blood from ship 
 to ship. Let me read you the brief, immortal storw I take it 
 from the graphic narrative of John Clark Ridpatli. 
 
 The Lawrence, Perry's ilagship, began to suiifer dreadfully under 
 the concentrated lire of the enemy. First one gun and then anutlier 
 was dismounted. The masts were broken. Tlie rigging of the vessel 
 was rent away. The sails were torn to shreds. Soon she yielded no 
 longer to the wind, l)ut lay helpless on the water. 
 
 On the deck death held carnival. The American sailors lay dead 
 and dying on every hand. During the two hours that l^erry faced his 
 antagonist his men were reduced to a handful. Entering the 'action 
 the Lawrence had a crew of officers and men numbering a hundred 
 and three. Of these, by 2 o'clock in the afternoon, eighty-three were 
 either dead or wounded. Still Perry held out. Others fell around 
 him, until only the commander and thirteen others were left uninjured. 
 
 Meaiuvliile all the ships had become engaged — but the Niagara 
 only at long range and ineffectively. Elliott, the captain of that 
 vessel, perceiving that resistance from tlie Lawrence had ceased, now- 
 sailed ahead believing that Perry had fallen and that the command had 
 devolved on himself. It was at this juncture that Perry resolved 
 upon that famous exploit which has made his name immortal. He 
 pulled down his battle fiag, but left the Stars and Stripes still Boating! 
 Then, with his brother Alexander and four of his remaining seamen, 
 he lowered himself into the boat. He flung his pennant and battle dag 
 over his arm and around his person, stepped into the boat, stood 
 upright and ordered the men to pull for the Niagara. 
 
 That vessels was more than a lialf-mile distant. It required the 
 oarsmen fully fifteen minutes to make the passage. The boat had to 
 pass in full exposure to the enemy's guns. The British at once per- 
 ceived what was doing. As the smoke cleared from around the hull 
 of the Lawrence they saw the daring act of the commander, trans- 
 ferring his flag from one ship to another. His own vessel was shat- 
 tered to death; but there was the Niagara, hale and strong. Should 
 he succeed in making her deck, the battle would be to fight over again. 
 Victory or defeat was turning on the issue. 
 
 The British guns opened on the little l)oat. Discharge after dis- 
 charge followed. Some of the shot struck the frail cockle, and the 
 splinters flew; but the men were unhurt. Perry continued to stand up 
 as a target until the faithful seamen refused to pull unless he would 
 sink down to a position of greater safety. The shot from the enemy's 
 guns knocked the water into spray around them, but the boat reached 
 the Niagara in safety, and Perry was taken up. .\ moment more, and 
 his battle Hag was flying above the unhurt ship! 
 
 ^lay every schoolboy and every schoolgirl in the lan<l read 
 tlie rest of it; how, his foot upon the deck of the Niagara, his 
 battle flag again flying at tlie fore. IVrry swooi)C(l like a hurricane 
 down n])(i]i the eiUMiiy's line; cui tlic I'.ritidi ilcct in two, right 
 in tlie middle, tlircc vessels on the right, thive u])on the left; 
 broadside after broadside on eitlier liand ; death and destruction 
 in his resistless wake. Tliirly iniiuites and all is over. The brave 
 iMiglish commander, I'.arclay. Iiors dii combat. His second in 
 command. iMiinis. killed outright. liunian nature could hold out 
 no longer. Down comes the liritish flag. We had met the 
 enemy and they were ours, "two ships, two brigs, one schooner 
 
and one sloop," said Perry in his report to Harrison, written 
 upon the back of an old letter, his hat for a desk. 
 
 The victor (again I quote from Ridpath ) did not in the 
 elation of his triumph forget the situation around him. He 
 caused himself to be transferred from the still unhurt Niagara 
 back to the bloody deck of the Lawrence. There, and nol in 
 some other place, would he receive the surrender of the enemy. 
 The British officers as they came up to present their swords had 
 to pick their way through dead and dying, slipping in pools of 
 blood as they came. Perry bade his antagonists retain their 
 swords, his the chivalry of one to whom the fortunes of war had 
 given the power, but not the right, to humiliate a fallen foe. 
 
 In the silence of the following night the dead sailors, British 
 and American, were consigned to their last rest in the clear waters 
 of Lake Erie. The next day Perry brought back to Put-in-Bay 
 his own and the captured fleet. Sailing into the harbor, the dead 
 officers of both commands were buried on the shore. The losses 
 had been very great. On the American side twenty-seven were 
 killed and ninety-six wounded — this out of a force' of but little 
 over four hundred eiTective men. The loss of the British was 
 forty-one killed and ninety-four wounded, the gallant Captain 
 Barclay, who had already lost an arm, having the misfortune to 
 lose the other. 
 
 Great was the fame of the battle and of him who won it. 
 It was the first time in history that an entire British fleet, large 
 or small, had been taken in any open, equal conflict. Lake Erie 
 was cleared. The way for Harrison and his braves, for Shelby 
 and his^ hunting shirts, was opened, and forever and ever the 
 Great Northwest, rid of invaders, was redeemed. 
 
 A Inmdred years have come and gone — a hundred years of 
 peace between the two nations of Anglo-Saxon and Scotch-Irish 
 blood and tongue— and we are about to celebrate with fitting 
 rites the heaven-blessed consummation. No wounds survive the 
 Wars of the Revolution or of 1812. Each party to the strife 
 showed itself a valiant. Each carried its trophies 'from the field, 
 each has nursed its glories, not its griefs. Blood is thicker than 
 water. On the 10th of September, 1913, we shall do honor alike 
 to Barclay and to Perry, the monument over both a Monument 
 of Peace. Thenceforward until the end of 1914, the centenary of 
 the Treaty of Ghent, the jubilation will proceed, mutual 'and 
 unabated. 
 
 Louisville, Ky.,July 191 2. 
 
 5 
 
THE PERRY MEMORIAL 
 
 And Centennial Celebration 
 1813 - 1913 
 
 The project lo fittingly coninuinoratc, under national and 
 state auspices, the one lunidredih amiiversary of the liattle of 
 Lake Eric and of ( leneral William llenry Tlarrison's Xortlnvcst- 
 ern campaign in the War of 1812, in connection with a suitahle 
 recognition of the century of i)eace ensuing hetween (ireat 
 r.ritain and the United States since the termination of that con- 
 llict hy the signing of the Treaty of ( Ihent, Decemher 24th. 1814, 
 required, from its heginning, the estahli.shment of new precedents 
 and the adoption of new policies in the history of American expo- 
 sitions and ])atriotic celehrations. The Conimixii.ners charged 
 with the res])onsihility of planning an 1 ci msummating what was 
 proposed to he done were confronted hy conditions never hefore 
 encountered, and hy prohlems hitherto unsolved, in the conduct of 
 enterprises of like cliaracter. 
 
 It V\-as necessary to comhine state and national cooperation 
 and resources for the success of the undertaking— hv no means an 
 original policy; hut in this case only a limited numher of states, 
 or those whose history was most intimatel_\- related to the {progress 
 and results of the War of 1812, could reasonahly he appealed to, 
 from the dual stand])oint of mutual interest and ex])ediency, to 
 unite in the general scheme. These states, therefore, composed a 
 sisterhood peculiar unto themselves. The aid of the National 
 Government was recjuired to he supplementary lo their united 
 efforts — a moral as well as a material endorsement of them — 
 and hence there could he no heginning without concerted action 
 on the part of certain great American Commonwealths, in some 
 instances remote from one another and hound together in the 
 enterprise only hy motives of unselfish patriotism. 
 
 The states bordering on the Great Lakes were naturally those 
 first regarded as essential to the conihination and nio>t li'kelv to 
 enter intcj it. 
 
 Rhode Island was the native state of Commodore Oliver 
 Mazard Perry, the hero of the Battle of Lake Erie. an(i from this 
 New England mother-country of the great X(irthwe>t had come 
 many of the sailors who manned his fleet in that crucial conllict. 
 as well as the artisans who were largely responsible for its 
 building. 
 
 Kentucky had furnished a large proportion of the soldiers 
 in General Harrison's Northwestern campaign, the brilliant suc- 
 cess of which hung upon the victory of the Rhode Island com- 
 mander. Her contribution to the war had been an essential one 
 in both generalship and numbers, and to its conclusion by the 
 
signing of the Treaty of ( ihent she had given the services of her 
 (hstinguished son, Henr}- Clay, one of the American com- 
 missioners. 
 
 Both sentiment and the welfare of the centetniial project 
 therefore suggested that Rhode Island and Kentucky should join 
 with the Great Lakes States in whatever might be attempted as 
 an inter-state and national commemoration of the triumph 
 achieved b}- American valor in the Battle of Lake Erie. 
 
 A second consideration, pointing to a centennial observance 
 educational and fraternal in the broadest sense, presented itself in 
 the conclusion of the century of peace between English-speaking 
 peoples that would be practically contemporaneous with the one 
 hundredth anniversary of Perry's Mctory : and from the inception 
 of the centennial enterprise the opportunity of a union of British 
 and American interests in the deepest significance of the proposed 
 celebration, and in the dedication of a fitting permanent memorial, 
 has been regarded by the commissioners of the participating 
 states as the most appropriate and desirable object to be achieved 
 bv them in connection with the general i)roiect. 
 
 Lake Erie from the Site of the Perry Memorial. 
 
 Still another departure, distinguishing the formal observance 
 of this centenary from all other expositions, was the earlv resolu- 
 tion of the commissioners that it should have no relation to com- 
 mercialism : that industrial features should be entirelv al)sent in 
 its consummation, and that in character and scope it should appeal 
 primarily and exclusively to patriotic impulses, serving the pur- 
 poses of a purely educational movement. 
 
 Finally, a material problem was presented to the commis- 
 sioners in the fact that the only appropriate location of the pro- 
 posed Perry memorial, at the scene of the Battle of Lake Erie 
 and within sight of the graves of the American and British 
 officers who lost their lives in the engagement, together with the 
 necessary centralization of commemorative exercises at that 
 point, required the project to proceed without local financial 
 
support, but freed from tlie suggcstious of self-interest which 
 have too often acc()ni|)anie(l tlic hoUHug of expositions and cele- 
 l)rations in hirgcly populated communities. 
 
 L'nder these conditions an organization of states was under- 
 taken and lias continued to the present time. 
 
 THE BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE 
 
 There have Ijcen few combats on land or sea more tremend- 
 ijus in their conse(|uences than the Battle of Lake l^rie. The 
 heroism displayed on ])oth sides of that engagement vindicated 
 the c|uality of ])ers()nal braver}- in l)Oth C(jmbatants and reuuires 
 no eulogv here. 
 
 Judged ])}■ nKjdern standards, and by not a few in remote 
 periods of the history of war, that conflict, in respect to the loss of 
 treasiu-e or ])recious human lives, cannot be regarded as among 
 the most costly in the annals of naval warfare. Rut its well 
 nigh incomparal)le ccjusecjuences make it one of the most remark- 
 able of all naval victories. 
 
 His early genius for organizatii >n and constructive leader- 
 ship, combined with his youth, daring and devotion, made of 
 Commodore Oliver Hazard 1 'err\- a romantic, as well as an 
 heroic, figure ; but even in this respect he does not stand alone 
 among the great sailors and great soldiers of many nations. The 
 deepest significance of his triumph over the IJritish fleet on that 
 fateful day of September 10, 1813, is to be found in the conse- 
 (|uences that ensued from its brilliant consummation. 
 
 After the division of the Xorthwestern Territory, General 
 William Henr}- Harrison had been appointed governor of the 
 new Territory of Indiana, including the present states of Indiana, 
 Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. These states, joined'with C^hio, 
 New "S^trk, I'enns^lvania, Alinnesota, Rhode Island and Ken- 
 tuck\-. are now. after the lapse of one hundred years, the com- 
 monwealths mo^t concerned in the liistorv of that period and at 
 ])rcsent united in the movement to a(le((uately observe its cen- 
 tenary. 
 
 ( ieneral Harrison's commission as major-general, following 
 his earlier participation in the hostilities against the British and 
 Indians, enabled him to ])ush active operations in what was then 
 known as the Sandusky Country. .\t Seneca Town, near Lower 
 Sandusky Town, now the city of I'Temont, Ohio, he received 
 Commodore Perry's laconic note. ])enned aboard the L^nited 
 States brig "Niagara," ofif West Sister Island : 
 
 "Dear (General: — \\'e have met the enemy and they are 
 our> — two ships, two brigs, one schooner and a sloo])." 
 
 Commodore l'err\' had accomplished, with the aid of his 
 Rhode Lland craftsmen and the genius of Captain Daniel Dob- 
 bins, who, more than any other one man, was responsible for the 
 origin of the ex])edition. the extraordinar\- feat of building the 
 
 8 
 
more important vessels of his fleet from tiie hewn timbers of the 
 forests around Presque Isle, now Erie, Pennsylvania, and of 
 launchnig them in the face of a British blockade. Four of the 
 lesser ships had been purchased at Puftalo and two seized from 
 the IJritish under the guns of Fort Erie, a British stronghold on 
 the Canadian shore opposite Bufifalo, by Lieutenant Jesse D. 
 Elliott, U. S. X., and a party of American artillerymen. The 
 naval supremacy of the lakes was at stake in the crucial test of 
 the war of 1812. From August 12 to September 10, 1813, Perry 
 cruised Lake Erie in search of the enemy under command of 
 Laptam Barclay. On the latter date the British fleet was descried 
 as Perry's vessels lay quietly in the harbor of Put-in-Bay, and at 
 once the daring American commander sailed forth to give battle. 
 The brief but glorious story of the conflict that ensued is 
 known to ever^- schoolboy. The Americans had the advantage 
 m the number of their vessels; the I'.ritish, in the number and 
 carrying power of their guns and a slight numerical superiority of 
 seamen and officers. The "Lawrence," Perry's flagshii). was 
 soon put out of commission by the long range fire of the enemy 
 leaving only 18 out of her 1(31 officers and men not dead or 
 disabled. _ From this blood}- wreck the dauntless Perry removed 
 his flag, m a small boat under heavy fire, to the "Xiagara"— the 
 most perilous half-mile dash in the history of nava! warfare. 
 Bringing all his remaining fleet in action, the young American 
 commander passed through the line of the enemy with successive 
 broadsides at short range, and in the brief space of thirty minutes 
 compelled the surrender of his entire force. 
 
 Looking toward the Scene of the Battle of Lake Erie from the Site of the Perry MemoriaL 
 
 The victory was complete, but not one man on either side 
 could have foreseen the vast consequences of that day's work. 
 The immediate result was the expedition which redeemed ^lichi- 
 gan^ from British rule. Had Perry been defeated, General Harri- 
 son's army would Jiave been isolated in the Sandusky Country of 
 Ohio, impotent to strike a blow toward the north. 
 
SUPREME CONSEQUENCES. 
 
 IVrry'.s \ictiiry enabled (icneral Harrison to embark his 
 troops aboard the war-scarred American fleet, which had been 
 launched at l"".rie harbor only a month before but had made endur- 
 inj:;^ histor\- in thi> inci"edi]il\- brief ])eriod. S]:)arini^ time merely 
 two days, to assemble the military forces on i 'ut-in-liay Kland. 
 the American army set sail for Michigan. The city of Detroit 
 was evacuated by the British, who were |)ur>ued into Canada and 
 utterly routed at the battle of the Thames, October 5, when the 
 Kentuck\- troops ])articularly distinguished themselves under 
 the ccMumand of that eminent soldier and statesman, ( iovernor 
 Isaac Shelby. From that sujM-eme hour of battle beyond I'ut-in- 
 ]'>ay harbor. September If), 1<S13, the destinies of the vast domain 
 now C()m])rising the western section of Xew \'ork and the greater 
 part of what is known as the Middle West and Northwest, were 
 fixed forever within the boundaries of the American Union. 
 
 broni an international standpoint I'errys \ictor\ won for 
 American arms the respect of the world. It was notice to 
 I'Lurope, and one never since unheeded, that the nation which 
 was ba])tized in blood at Lexington was ampl\- able, as an infant 
 republic, to care for herself on land and sea. It had a conclusive 
 efifect, not only in terminating the war of 1812, but in establishing 
 terms in respect to the future boundarv line between Canada and 
 the United .States most favorable to the latter. 
 
 THE TREATY OF GHENT. 
 
 The Treaty of (ihent, signed in 1814 on the part of the 
 United States by those distinguished American statesmen, John 
 Quincy Adams, Henry Clay and Albert Gallatin, put an end to 
 the war before the tidings could reach (ieneral Jackson at Xew 
 Orleans in time to prevent the achievement of an American 
 military \ictory (|uite as decisive as Perry's naval success in tlic 
 IJattle of Lake Lrie. It was inevitable that the American com- 
 missioners should claim, and the British concede, the supremacy 
 of the (ireat Lakes which Perry had placed beyond question: 
 and that supremacy exists today as it was then established. It 
 presaged in the settlement of all boundar\- disputes the reteiuion 
 by the United States of a princely domain, distributed between 
 the great commonwealths already mentioned, bordering on 
 the Great Lakes, which, together w^ith Rhode Island and Ken- 
 tucky, are now joined in the movement in behalf of the l'err\'s 
 Victory Centennial celebration during the summer of I'M,-? at 
 Put-in- 1 '.ay Island and the dedication at that time of a permanent 
 memorial to Commodore Perry and his men. 
 
 The debt which our Lake States owe to l'err}-'s victor\- b\- 
 reason of the establishment of their ]:)resent boundaries is em- 
 phasized by the fact that the Treaty of (ihent whoUv ignored an\- 
 attempt to settle the real cause of the war. the impressment of 
 
 10 
 
American seamen. It is evident that the American commissioners 
 regarded the boundary question as more important than the 
 impressment question, notwithstanding the hitter had been the 
 technical casus belli: and it is equahy evident that the British 
 commissioners, with Perry's victory in mind, were wihing to 
 waive boundary c|uestions that would have been insisted upon, if 
 fate had crowned Captain Barclay, instead of Commodore Perry, 
 as the hero of the battle of Lake Erie. 
 
 In framing the Treaty of Ghent Great Britain solaced her 
 honor by conceding no principle laid down by the United States 
 in respect to the justice of the war from the American standpoint, 
 but accepted the inevitable with reference to the boundary 
 (juestion. 
 
 And so Perry's Victory wrote the name of the United States 
 of America high on the map of the Western Hemisphere. Thus 
 it insured the unprecedented growth of our Great Lakes ports, 
 with their vast commercial and industrial relations, under the 
 American flag. Thus it gave to this sisterhood of states the agri- 
 cultural and mineral riches of a territory second to none in the 
 world, of equal extent, in the natural resources that denote 
 Opportunity in the favored places of the earth. Thus it bound 
 in the destiny of the Republic each noble commonwealth whose 
 slightest border is laved by the lakes, welding the strongest links 
 in the chain of our national progress and providing foothold and 
 freedom for the develo])ment of American civilization. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL ORGANIZATION 
 
 The first authoritative action looking to the proposed celebra- 
 tion of the one hundredth anniversary of the battle of Lake Erie, 
 of General Harrison's campaign and the ensuing centenary of 
 peace between (^reat liritain and the United States, was very 
 appropriately taken l)y the state of Ohio, within whose borders the 
 battle was fought and its dead buried, in the waters of Lake Erie 
 or by the picturesque shores of Put-in-Bay Island. In 1908 the 
 Ohio General Assembly authorized the Governor to appoint five 
 commissioners "to prepare and carrv out plans'" for a centennial 
 celebration, and authorized the commissioners thus api^ointed by 
 Governor Andrew L. Harris on June 22, 1908, to invite the co- 
 operation therein of the Lake States and the Commonwealths of 
 Rhode Island and Kentucky. During a period of two years fol- 
 lowing, this invitation was accepted by the appointment of com- 
 missioners, in the order named, by the states of Pennsylvania, 
 Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin. New York, Rhode Island, Ken- 
 tucky and Minnesota. Ohio, in three appropriation acts, appro- 
 priated the total sum of $83,000 for the objects in view, and 
 meanwhile Congress was appealed to for material support. In 
 March, 1911, it appropriated $250,000, the bill meeting the instant 
 approval of President Taft. The state appropriations up to and 
 
 11 
 
PUT-IN-BAY HARBOR SHOHK LINK OF 
 
 including l'H2. were as follows: Ohio. S83,000; Pennsylvania, 
 S75.000; Wisconsin. 850,000; Rhode Island, $25,000; and Ken- 
 tuck^•. 825,000. making a total availaljle from all sources of 
 8508.000. 
 
 During the legislative sessions of 1913 appropriations will 
 he pending in the states of Michigan, Illinois. Xew York. 
 Afinncsota and Indiana, in all of which proportionately generous 
 responses are anticipated. The legislature of Louisiana has given 
 the (j<)\'crnor authority to appoint three commissioners in order 
 to expres> in a formal manner the interest of the people of that 
 state in the ])ro])osed memorial and centennial celebration. 
 
 At Tut-in-liay Island, September 10, I'UO. was effected the 
 organization of the "Inter-State Board of the Perry's X'ictory 
 Centennial ( 'ommi>sioners," which ha> since continued as the 
 governing btxly of the enterprise. The present personnel of the 
 organization effected at that time appears elsewhere in these 
 pages. The general offices of the Inter-State Board are at Cleve- 
 land, Ohio. 
 
 In accordance with the act of Congress, President Taft 
 appointed as the I'nited States Conuuissioners. Lieutenant ( ien- 
 eral Nelson A. Miles, C S. A.. Retired. Rear Admiral Charles E. 
 Clark, U. S. X.. Petirt'd. and ( ieneral j. Warren Keifer of Ohio, 
 who are. in common willi the commissioners of the \ariiius states, 
 members of the Inter-Stale Board. 
 
 The Building Committee of the Perrv memorial consists of 
 I 'resident-General George II. W'orihington, L'niled States Com- 
 
 12 
 
THE SITE OF THE PERRY MEMORIAL. 
 
 missioner Xelson A. Miles and First A'ice-President-General 
 Henry W'atterson, with the Secretary-General of the Inter-State 
 Board as Secretary. 
 
 A'arious other committees have been duly constituted and 
 have discharged their respective duties during the past two years. 
 The most important of these are the Committee on Legislation, 
 Promotion and Publicity, Commissioner A. E. Sisson, chairman, 
 and the Committee on Centennial Celebration, Commissioner 
 ]\lilton AA'. Shreve, chairman. 
 
 A CENTURY OF PEACE 
 
 At the very inception of the preliminary organization a 
 suggestion to fittingly celebrate the one hundredth anniversary 
 of the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, by the National Govern- 
 ment and all the states participating, was formally adopted ; and 
 what is believed to have been the first official announcement of 
 such an undertaking, in the United States or Great Britain, was 
 set forth in the following words contained in the report of the 
 Ohio Commissioners to the Governor of Ohio, filed lanuarv 
 12. 1909: ■ ■ 
 
 "Your commissioners are greatly impressed bv the 
 fact that the centennial anniversary of Perry's \'ictory' 
 will be practically contemporaneous with the conclusion 
 of one hundred years of peace between the governments 
 of Great P.ritain, Canada and the I'nited States, besfin- 
 nmg with the signing of the Treatv of Ghent, December 
 24, 1814, which terminated the W'ar of 1812. W'e are 
 
 13 
 
thus confronted witli at least the possihihtx' ot' an inter- 
 national event on ( )hiii soil, hardly five }ears lience. par- 
 ticipated in l)y the l\\i> i;reat i£nglish-s])eaking nations of 
 the world, under the highest official ans])ices. What 
 could he more appropriate than an internal ii hi.iI celehra- 
 tion of the conclusion of the centur_\- of peace hetween 
 (ireat llritain, Canada and the United States, which has 
 ensued since the signing of the Treaty of ( Ihent? Surelv 
 that were hetter than a one-sided celehration of a victory 
 of war; and we helieve that such a celehration would 
 ha\e lasting iuHuence for good, while affording a spec- 
 tacle worth}- of world-wide respect and emulation." 
 
 The appropriateness of this suggestion was maiiifest. It 
 was the Treaty of (ihent that preserved tlie nt'UtraHt\- of the 
 ( ireat Lakx-s for one hundred years and gave the civilized world 
 its first ohject lesson in the practical)ility and efficacy of inter- 
 national ])eace. i lerc, if anywhere, the honds that unite the two 
 great I'Jighsli-speaking nations are symlxilized. Here all the 
 interests of the L'nited States and Great Britain, material and 
 sentimental, are concentrated within the area of the inland seas. 
 Here the dead in the confiict. whose centenary it is now proj)ose(l 
 to celebrate, were buried, llritihh and American alike, with funeral 
 rites celebrated In- the representatives of both fleets, and here 
 the peace of one hundred years has consecrated their sacrifices. 
 
 The centennial commissioners therefore ahvavs maintained 
 that any ade(|uate conception of an American memorial to the 
 heroism of our sailors and soldiers in the War (^f 1X12 inu>t 
 emphasize the e(|ual valor of our opponents in that conflict and 
 commemorate the century of peace which has since blest humaniiv 
 as the result of the statesmanship and patriotism w'hich inspired 
 the signing and ratification of the Treat}- of (Ihent. 
 
 THE PERRY MEMORIAL 
 
 l'"roni the inception of the centennial enterprise to the present 
 time the commissioners have always proposed that a permanent 
 memorial overlooking the scene of the battle of Lake Erie an.d 
 the graves of the British and American officers who particijiated 
 in it slK)uld be their essential purjjose in achieving the objects for 
 which they were appointed. Every suggestion of liistory and 
 sentiment ])ointe(l to I 'utHn-l')a}' Island, Eake F.ric, ( )hi(j, as the 
 logical site. 'I"he general character of the memorial to be erected 
 was thus outlined in a report of the commissioners then acting, in 
 December, 1909. 
 
 "It is with a sense of solenui obligation that \-our 
 ommissioners have considered the subject of an appro- 
 ])riate Perry memorial. Our own o])inion is fortified by 
 imiversal jmblic sentiment to the effect that such a 
 memorial must be permanent. It must not onl\- express 
 
 14 
 
the patriotic desire of the American people to pay lasting 
 tribute to their honored dead, but it must be in the 
 highest sense artistic and historically suggestive. It must 
 have, by reason of these qualities, a peculiar educational 
 influence upon future generations, proceeding from its 
 singular individuality. Better no memorial than an in- 
 adequate or unworthy one. The motive that prompts 
 our people to thus commemorate one of the most glorious 
 events in our history and the Xation's subsequent prog- 
 ress of a hundred years must be as broad as the Amer- 
 ican Continent and as deep rooted as our inherent love 
 of free institutions. Nothing less will suffice than a 
 memorial truly national in character, taking rank among 
 the worthiest of such structures in the world." 
 
 The site of the memorial was acquired ])y the commissioners 
 some time prior to the adoption of the design Anally agreed upon. 
 It consists of a reservation of about fourteen acres in extent, 
 with some fourteen hundred feet of water front on both sides, 
 situated in the narrow neck of land at I'ut-in-Bav Island sub- 
 stantially opposite Gibraltar Island and extending northward 
 toward Middle Bass Island. It overlooks the waters of Lake 
 Erie toward \\'est Sister Island, whence Commodore Perry sent 
 his famous message to General Harrison, and in the verv shadow 
 of the memorial will lie Gibraltar Island, where the American 
 commander made his observations ; Ballast Island, where his 
 fleet paused to obtain ballast from the rocky shores ; and the 
 historic Bay which afforded it shelter. On the shore of this 
 Bay, not far from the memorial site, are the graves of American 
 and British officers killed ';i the battle of Lake Erie, and it is 
 proposed that their remains shall be disinterred and find final 
 resting places within the memorial when erected. It is fortunate 
 indeed that Nature in her most generous mood has bestowed 
 upon this spot attractions as beautiful as its historical suggestions 
 are significant. 
 
 The accepted design of the Perr}- memorial, by Mr. J. H. 
 Freedlander and Mr. A. D. Seymour, Jr., of New York City, 
 was adopted as the winner of the first prize in an architectural 
 competition conducted at Washington, D. C, in January, 1912. 
 under the auspices of the National Commission of Fine Arts. 
 The finding of this commission was unanimous and was there- 
 upon approved by the Inter-State Board of the Perry's Mctory 
 Centennial Commissioners in session at A\'ashington. 
 
 The competition was said by competent authority to have 
 been the most remarkable in the history of this country, both in 
 point of the number and merit of the designs submitted. Eight}- 
 seven architects and architectural firms qualified to enter the 
 competition under the terms of the program promulgated by the 
 Building Committee, and fift}--four actually presented designs. 
 
 15 
 
The latter were exhibited in tlie Xational ^^useum at Washing- 
 ton, and the exhiljition as a wliole was the subject of the liighest 
 expert approval and achniration. 
 
 Tlie accepted design, when conifjleted as contemplated, will 
 cover, with its plaza, alnio^t all of the reservation dedicated as 
 a park to the memorial. Tlie ])laza. rising in a gradual ascent 
 from the water's edge to the level height of 12 feet, is 738 feet 
 long and 4^)1 feet wide. The Doric column in the center, as 
 shown in the accompanying illustration, is ^35 feet in height, 
 from the base to the light on the tripod surmotmting the cap, 
 
 which is 300 feet high. 
 with a spectators' gal- 
 lery reached b\- elec- 
 tric elevators from the 
 crypt at the base, 
 where the bones of 
 the dead in the battle 
 of Lake Erie will be 
 interred. The column 
 is 45 feet in diameter 
 at the base and 35 
 feet at the top — the 
 highest monument in 
 the world, with the ex- 
 cejjtion of the Wash- 
 ington monument at 
 the Xational Capital. 
 and the highest col- 
 u]nn without excep- 
 tion. The material 
 used in the column 
 will be granite. This 
 column has been offi- 
 cially declared by the 
 Interstate Board as 
 the Perry memorial, 
 and the plaza and ad- 
 jacent buildings are 
 accessories thereto. 
 
 'Perry's Lookout " and " Tlu- Needle's Eye," 
 Gibralter Island. 
 
 The building on the left, as shown in the illustration, is an 
 historical museum containing a lloor space of 3,000 s(|uare feet, 
 the building to the right is emblematic of the century of 
 
 and 
 
 peace between Great P.ritain and the I'niied States that will 
 have enstied. within a brief period, since the signing of the Treaty 
 of ( ihent on December 24th, 1814. 
 
 16 
 
The parking of the grounds \vill Ix' in harmony with the 
 beauty and (Hgnity of this architectural conception, every detail 
 of which will appear with eciual charm to the eye from both sides, 
 or from the waters of Put-in-JJay harbor westward and those of 
 Lake Erie eastward. 
 
 FOR HUMAN WELFARE 
 
 The intention of the commissioners to convey to the 
 National Government the title to the reservation containing the 
 Perry memorial has for a long time caiggested that the property 
 may be put to some practical use of great future benefit to 
 humanity, aside from its significance as a reservation dedicated to 
 history, art and progress. The site is an admirable one for the 
 location of a wireless telegraph station capable of receiving and 
 discharging messages over the whole chain of lakes, a life saving 
 station and a meteorological bureau. Inasmuch as Put-in-Bay 
 Island is the only island of the (ireat Lakes connected with the 
 mainland by both telephone and telegraph, and is located almost 
 in the geographical center of Lake Erie, the most treacherous 
 of these waters, a central wireless telegraph station at this point 
 would be able to communicate with all the life saving stations 
 on the Great Lakes, including those not equipped with wireless. 
 
 The losses of life from wrecks, which might be prevented 
 under an adeciuate wireless system, average about 100 per year, 
 and the losses of property about $1,000,000 per year. It is a 
 noteworthy fact that safety of life on the ocean at the present 
 time is very largely due to the wireless equipment of the navies 
 of the world, in addition to that of the commercial fleets, whereas 
 under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent there never can be 
 extensive naval armaments of either Great Britain or the United 
 States on the Great Lakes. It is needless to assert that every 
 precaution must ultimately be taken to make navigation on the 
 Great Lakes at least as safe as modern science has caused it to 
 be on the ocean. 
 
 Such practical adjuncts of the Perry memorial must be 
 left to the cletermination of the National Government at such time 
 as it may take possession of the property, but they suggest mean- 
 while the possibility of the memorial combining the highest 
 artistic ideals and historical significance with lastng practcal 
 benefits to humanity. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 
 
 The centennial celebration of the events proposed to be 
 commemorated is by no means designed to be confined to Put- 
 in-Bay Island, but will extend to all the principal ports on the 
 Great Lakes and to such other cities in tlie states participating 
 as may desire to locally commemorate the events of the War 
 of 1812. The centennial period will extend from the Fourth of 
 
 17 
 
Jul)- lo ihr lil'tli of Octol)cr. l''l.\ tlie latter date beiiit,^ the one 
 Inindredtli anniversary of the battle of the Thames, w itli the cele- 
 bration of the one liundrcdth ainiivcrsarv of l*err}"> \ ictor\ on 
 the tenth day of September, 1913, centralized at Put-in-Uav 
 l>l:in(l. 
 
 Al no time or i:)lace is any industrial exposition conteni- 
 ])laled : but the commissioners have specifically announced that 
 the enter] )rise. wherever its spirit may be emphasized, '"shall take 
 the form of an historical, educational, niilitar)-, naval and 
 ])alriotic exposition." 
 
 The niilitar\- aspect of the celebration, from an historical 
 stand])oint, will take due cognizance of General I iarrison's march 
 through Ohio to the Lakes, his encampment on the present site 
 of Fremont, his embarcation on board I'errv's f^eet, his sojourn 
 at T'ut-in-l'>ay. his entrance into Michigan, his liberation of Detroit 
 and his invasion of Canada, culminating in the crowning success 
 of his cam])aign at the Rattle of the Thames. The present 
 physical boundaries of all the states bordering on the Great Lakes 
 
 Lalie Erie Sliore Line of ttie Site of ttie Perry Memorial. 
 
 are due to these military operations, which were rendered pos- 
 sible by I'erry's \'ictor}-; and the commissioners have faith that 
 the present generation of their citizens will welcome the oppor- 
 tunity offered by the proposed series of celebrations to ])av 
 tributt' to the heroes who thus laid the fotmdations of future 
 greatness in the empires of the Middle West and Northwest. 
 
 The vicinity of Camp I^erry, Ohio, the most extensix'e rifle 
 range in the world, lo the various cities of tlie Great Lakes which 
 will join in the series of celebrations, greatlv simplifies the problem 
 f)f the assemblage and ti'ansportation of troops which ina\- par- 
 ticipate in the local celebrations. At this ])oint also will occur 
 during the summer f)f l''l.\ the most notable rifle range contests 
 ever held in this country or lun'ope, including the International, 
 the 1 'an-Aniericau and the American National contests. 
 
 The naval aspect of the centennial, historicallv considered, 
 gives ri>e to anticiiiatious ol one of the most uni(|ue and instructive 
 
 18 
 
of national spectacles. The commissioners of the State of 
 Pennsylvania have proposed to raise and restore the wreck of the 
 flagship "Niagara," of Commodore Perry's fleet, which has lain 
 for nearly a century at the bottom of the harbor of Erie, Pa. ; and 
 this proposal has led the national and state commissioners to 
 consider the temporary restoration of practically the whole of 
 the American and British fleets engaged in the Battle of Lake 
 Erie and to celebrate the unbroken peace which has existed for 
 one hundred years between Great Britain and the United States 
 by conveying the combined fleets to the principal ports on the 
 Great Lakes, thus extending the patriotic celebration to the 
 immediate interest and participation of hundreds of thousands 
 of citizens who would otlierwise be deprived of its moral lessons. 
 
 It is also proposed that L^nited States vessels of war, with 
 consent of the British and Canadian governments, may enter 
 the (jreat Lakes and participate in a naval review which is 
 planned through the union of the naval militia of the several 
 Lake States in such a spectacle. In itself such a modern review, 
 held for the first time on fresh water, would awaken very wide- 
 spread interest and be of great value to the L^nited States Navy 
 by thus afi^ording the people of the great Middle West and 
 Northwest an opportunity to realize the dignity, value and neces- 
 sity of our National naval armament, while giving new energy 
 and direction to American patriotism. 
 
 In this connection the participation of the naval militia of 
 the Great Lakes in the various local celebrations is a factor of 
 the entire centennial enterprise that must be regarded as of 
 primar\- importance'. P^rom these waters the .American Navy is 
 largely recruited, and any object having in view the welfare of 
 our inland naval militia is one which should appeal to the 
 sympathy and support of the people of the entire country. 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL MARINE PAGEANT 
 
 From the standpoint of evolution in the arts of peace and 
 the development of commerce, however, even greater significance 
 may attach to the review of the shipping of the Great Lakes, 
 surpassing in tonnage that of New York harbor or the com- 
 merce of the Suez Canal, which it is proposed to organize as 
 perhaps the most important marine display of the centennial 
 celebration. 
 
 Nothing could be more appropriate, more impressive or 
 more indicative of the spirit pervading the whole enterprise than 
 the assemblage in these waters, as a tribute to a century of 
 progress, of the greatest commercial fleet in the w^orld, passing 
 in review before the Chief Executive of the Nation and the 
 official representatives of the states which today owe theii 
 extensive boundaries to Perry's Victory. Such a display, it is 
 believed, would be both a moral and material object lesson more 
 
 19 
 
tnilv significant of American progress an;l of the real mission 
 of our ])eoj)le among the nations of the earth than any review 
 of warships or assemhlage of tlie enginery and etiuipment of war 
 could be, at any time or place. 
 
 The centennial i)eri()(l will al>o witness the greatest regatta 
 ever held on fresh waters, marking the latest development of 
 American invention an<l skill as related to all t_\pes of pleasure 
 craft. 
 
 INTERESTS OF EDUCATION 
 
 The commissioners have constantly borne in mind, however, 
 the essential historic, educational and patriotic as|)ects of the cen- 
 tennial enterprise. Since the usual features of an industrial 
 exposition are entirely absent in what is proposed to be achieved, 
 except onlv in respect to the shi])ping interests of the Great Lakes, 
 the successful conclusion of the project will involve no such great 
 expense as is commonly associated in the public mind with the 
 word "exposition," and the resources and energies of the com- 
 missioners and of the communities engaged in the various cele- 
 brations may be conserved for the promotion of patriotic and 
 educational objects only. 
 
 The great number of historical, scientific, art, fraternal, 
 political, patriotic, commercial and other societies and organiza- 
 tions, and the important educational institutions, all of which 
 fiourish in their various fields of usefulness within the states 
 ])articipating in the centennial, may be relied upon to give the 
 liighest value to the educational program during the centennial 
 period of 1913 at J'ut-in-Bay Island and in all the cities joined 
 in the celebration. In this manner the educational heritage of 
 the celebration will be handed down to posterity, while the 
 patriotic lesson it must impart will be permanently expressed in 
 the memorial erected in honor of the heroes of the Battle of Lake 
 Erie on both sides of the conflict and in commemoration of the 
 century of peace between the two greatest nations. 
 
 CELEBRATIONS BY MUNICIPALITIES 
 
 The suggestion to extend the celebration of the centenary 
 under consideration to all the centers of population on the Great 
 Lakes, and to such other large cities as may desire to take advan- 
 tage of the opportunity to join with them in a series of notable 
 patriotic demonstrations, has met with very general favor. It is 
 ])roposed to divide the centennial period of July 4th to October 
 .^th, 1913, between the cities entering upon the general plan, 
 devoting one week to each municij)ality. 
 
 From an economic standpoint the merging of the resources 
 of all the cities for celebration jnirposes, in part at least, in one 
 fund, under the direction of the general plan of organization, 
 has distinct advantages. By the adoption of this scheme each 
 
 20 
 
city in the chain of those celebratins"- will liaxc ihc advantaee of 
 attractions which no city could assemble upon its own initiative 
 and exclusively for its own benefit. 
 
 The centennial fleet, escorting the restored "Niagara, " will 
 visit in rotation all the ports of the Great Lakes joining in the 
 series of celebrations during the summer of 1913. The same 
 marine pageants and the same military ceremonies may be pro- 
 tluced in each city, accompanied by such local ceremonies and 
 additional attractions as may be determined upon by the different 
 communities. In this manner, where one city for a single celebra- 
 tion might raise a fund of $50,000 or $100,000 for the objects in 
 view, each city uniting with its sister city, as is here indicated, 
 would have the benefit of the spectacles presented by an organiza- 
 tion representing an investment of from $200,000 to 5^400,000. 
 
 PhotoKraph from a Model of the Perry Memorial by Menconi Brothers of New York. 
 Copyright, 1912, by the Perry's Victory Centennial Commission. 
 
 The advantages of this plan have appealed emphatically to 
 the organized bodies in the various cities interested to which they 
 have already been presented, with the result that at this wi^-Jng 
 (August, 1912) preliminary or permanent organizations looking to 
 such a union of interests are in existence in such leading cities as 
 Chicago, Cleveland, Buffalo, Detroit, [Milwaukee, Toledo, Erie. 
 Pa., and Sandusky, O. An effective scheme of co-operation will 
 present! V be presented by the state and national commissioners to 
 the representatives of such cities, whose boards of trade, chambers 
 of commerce, historical societies, industrial organizations and 
 educational institutions are urged to manifest proper interest in 
 the enterprise, to the end that it may result in a series of patriotic 
 demonsinitions unequaled in this country and calculated to be of 
 lasting benefit to posterity. 
 
 The series of celebrations that have already been determined 
 upon will conclude with a week of patriotic demonstrations and 
 
 21 
 
educational exercises in the city of Louisville, Ky.. with the 5th 
 of October, 1913. the one hundredth anniversary of the Battle of 
 the Thames, in which the Kentucky troops exhibited such mem- 
 orable valor, as the central day. We have tlierefore in this 
 project an opportunit}- not only to signalize the jirogress of 
 the great ^Middle West and Northwest during the past century, 
 with friend]}- intent toward our brethren on the other side of 
 the Canadian border, but also the prospect of extending the sig- 
 nificance of the celebration far to the soiuliward, effecting a 
 union of interest between sections of this coinUry remote from 
 one ancjther but indissolubly Ixmnd together Ijy mutual ties of 
 j)atriotism and brotherhood. 
 
 BUREAU OF PUBLIC SUBSCRIPTIONS 
 
 Aside from the cost of the various local celebrations and 
 the general expense of promoting the erection of the Perry 
 Memorial and the organization of aft'airs incident thereto, for 
 which the national and state commissioners will be held respon- 
 sible, there is no likelihood tliat the direct appropriations from 
 national and state governments will suffice for the completion 
 of the memorial, including the Peace Ijuilding dedicated to inter- 
 national amit\'. With this fact in mind the Inter-State Board 
 has organized a bin-eau of public subscriptions and placed it 
 under the direction of Financial Secretary Mackenzie R. Todd, 
 a member of the Kentucky commission, with headciuarters in the 
 general offices at Cleveland. 
 
 It is believed that, notwithstanding generous support of the 
 general project b}' the states participating in the centennial, the 
 ])ubilc should not be deprived of the opportunity to render prac- 
 tical and substantial aid to an object so worth}-. It is felt that 
 the F'erry INIemorial and all its adjuncts will mean more to the 
 people of this country if built in part directly b}- them, than 
 could be the case if its construction were limited to the resources 
 devoted thereto by state and national appropriations. And it is 
 recalled that most (^f the great memorials of the world have been 
 erected in greater pari b} private means. 
 
 Believing that no niemorial in this country could appeal 
 with greater symi:)ath}- to tlie American spirit than oi-ie dedicated 
 to the sacrifices of otu- forefathers in the War of 1812. and to 
 the past and future ]:)eace of the world, the commissioners hojx' 
 for a widespread and generous recognition of the opportunity 
 afforded bv their i'.ureau of Public Subscriptions to all individuals 
 and organizations inclined to co-operate with them. 
 
 The apjieal oi the commissioners for the fating consun-inia- 
 tion of all the objects in view is an appeal to the patriotism of 
 the American people. 
 
 22 
 
The Inter-State Board 
 
 of the Perry's Victory Centennial 
 
 Commissioners 
 
 President-General 
 
 GEORGE H. WORTHINGTON, Cleveland, Ohio 
 
 First Vice-President-General Secretary-General 
 
 HENRY WATTERSON, Louisville, Ky. WEBSTER P. HUNTINGTON, Cleveland, 0. 
 
 Treasurer-General Auditor-General 
 
 A. E. SISSON, Erie, Pennsylvania HARRY CUTLER, Providence, R. I. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 New York 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS 
 
 Horace Holbrook 
 
 Edwin H. Vare 
 
 Roy S. Barnhart 
 
 General Philip C. Hayes 
 
 Rear Admiral F. M. Symonds, U. S. N. (Ret.) 
 
 Henry Harmon Noble 
 
 Sumner Mowry 
 
 Colonel Andrew Cowan 
 
 W. H. Wescott 
 
 Warren 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Grand Rapids 
 
 Joliet 
 
 Galesville 
 
 Essex 
 
 Peacedale 
 
 Louisville 
 
 Rosemount 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 Michigan 
 
 Illinois 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 New York 
 
 Rhode Island 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 Minnesota 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
 
 The General Officers, ex-officio, the United States Commissioners 
 
 and 
 
 John H. Clarke Cleveland 
 
 Milton W. Shreve Erie 
 
 George W. Parker Detroit 
 
 William Porter Adams Chicago 
 
 A. W. Sanborn Ashland 
 
 Clinton Bradford Herrick, M. D. Troy 
 
 John P. Sanborn Newport 
 
 Mackenzie R. Todd Frankfort 
 
 J. Edward Meyers Minneapolis 
 
 Financial Secretary, Mackenzie R. Todd 
 
 COMMISSIONERS 
 
 For the United States Government— Lieutenant-General Nelson A. Miles, U. S. A., ( Ret. ) Wash- 
 ington, D. C; Rear Admiral Charles E. Clark, U. S. N., (Ret.) Washington, D. C; General J. 
 Warren Keifer, Springfield, Ohio. 
 
 Ohio — George H. Worthington. Cleveland; John H. Clarke, Cleveland; S. M. Johannson, Put-in Bay; 
 Eli Winkler, 1st National Bank Building, Cincinnati ; Horace Holbrook, Warren ; William C. 
 Mooney, Woodsfield; Horace L. Chapman, Columbus; George W. Dun, Toledo. 
 
 Pennsylvania— A. E. Sisson, Erie; Edwin H. Vare, Philadelphia; Milton W. Shreve, Erie; T. C. 
 Jones, McKeesport; George W. Neff, M. D., Masontown. 
 
 Michigan— Arthur P. Loomis, Lansing; Roy S. Barnhart, Grand Rapids; E. K. Warren, Three 
 Oaks : George W. Parker, Detroit. 
 
 Illinois— General Philip C. Hayes, Joliet ; William Porter Adams, 726 Washington Boulevard, Chi- 
 cago; Willis J. Wells, 1006 South Michigan Boulevard, Chicago; Chesley R. Perry, 1207 Fort 
 Dearborn Building, Chicago; W. H. Mcintosh, Rockford. 
 
 Wisconsin— John M. Whitehead, Janesville; A. W. Sanborn, Ashland; C. B. Perry, Wauwatosa; 
 
 S. W. Randolph, Manitowoc; Louis Bohmrich, Milwaukee; Sol P. Huntington, Green Bay; Rear 
 
 Admiral Frederick M. Symonds, U. S. N., ( Ret. ) Galesville. 
 New York— William Simon, Buffalo; George D. Emerson, Buffalo; John T. Mott, Oswego; Clinton 
 
 Bradford Herrick, M. D., Troy ; Henry Harmon Noble, Essex. 
 
 Rhode Island — John P.Sanborn, Newport; Louis N. Arnold, Westerly; Sumner Mowry, Peacedale; 
 Henry E. Davis, Woonsocket; Harry Cutler, Providence. 
 
 Kentucky — Colonel Henry Watterson, Louisville; Colonel Andrew Cowan, Louisville; Samuel M. 
 
 Wilson, Lexington; Colonel R. W. Nelson, Newport; Mackenzie R. Todd, Frankfort. 
 Minnesota — W. H. Wescott, Rosemount; J. Edward Meyers, Minneapolis; Ralph W. Wheelock, St. 
 
 Paul ; Milo B. Price, Owatonna ; William D. Windom, Washington, D. C. 
 
DEC 30 1912 
 
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