^'"I?'^ SIXTEEN YEARS AT THF ERSITY OF ILLINOIS A Statistical Study of the Administration PUBUSHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS 1920 SIXTEEN YEARS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS A Statistical Study of the Administration of PRESIDENT EDMUND J. JAMES PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS 1920 l»^t 07 of -^. SEP 29 J920 ^ ^ o e o3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I The Income of the University 7 Chapter II Land 41 Chapter III Buildings and Equipment 77 Chapter IV Libraries and Museums 100 Chapter V The Faculty 128 Chapter VI The Student Body 154 Chapter VII Student Organizations and Activities 178 Chapter VIII Campus Plans 193 Chapter IX Colleges and Schools 199 Chapter X Summary and Conclusion 256 ILLUSTRATIONS President Edmund Janes James Frontispiece (to face page) Administration and Commerce Buildings 16 Natural History and Lincoln Hall 32 \/^ The Campus in 1870 44 r^''^ Agricultural Buildings 48 Agricultural Experiment Fields 53 ^ Agricultural Buildings 64 Chemistry Laboratory 80 Scientific Laboratories 96 Physics, Ceramics, and Transportation Buildings 112 Engineering Laboratories 128 Power House and other buildings 144 Education and Music Buildings 160 Woman 's Building and Residence Hall 176 Campus and Farms, 1920 192 The Campus in 1920 194 A Plan for Campus Development 196 Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy Buildings 208 Auditorium, Armory, and other buildings 224 (All the buildings shown were erected, remodelled, or acquired in the period from 1904 to 1920.) PREFACE The text of the following study was prepared by my sec- retaries beginning with Dr. E. J. Filbey and ending with Mr. Gerald D. Stopp. Dr. V. V. Phelps worked over portions of it very carefully and aside from those already mentioned I am under deep obligations to Mr. L. J. Heath and to Miss Anna V. Whitson for their unwearied attention to detail and their care for accuracy in the figures given. After all, there will be found many inaccuracies and incon- sistencies. In many cases, the university figures do not har- monize and there is no method of making them agree, which shows the necessity of a closer supervision of university accounts. The figures of attendance as kept by the different authorities and even the accounts of moneys expended do not harmonize. It is believed that the present method of accounting will secure sub- stantial agreement. This book will serve as the starting point of a new and better system of keeping accounts of all sorts relating to the University and it is to be hoped that the next statistical volume will be a marked improvement over this one. Edmund J. James. April 2, 1920. INTRODUCTION The following pages contain a brief account of the progress of the University of Illinois during the period from 1904 to 1920 — the years of the administration of its fourth president, Dr. Edmund Janes James. The general plan of the Report will be clear from an exam- ination of the Table of Contents. In the first six chapters an account is given of the growth of the University in financial resources, land, buildings, equipment, libraries, museums, fac- ulty, and students. The seventh chapter summarizes the increase in student organizations and activities. A chapter is added outlining the plans at present under consideration for the future development of the campus ; and a brief statement is presented regarding the changes which have taken place during this period in each of the various colleges and schools which constitute the University, Finally a brief summary is appended, recapitu- lating the outstanding facts contained in the preceding chapters. In an endeavor to attain some degree of conciseness, facts have been presented through the medium of statistics whenever possible, and comment upon the tables has been reduced to a minimum. It will of course be recognized that the progress which is after all the most vital in the life of an institution, cannot be expressed in mathematical terms. The real life of a university is something too intangible to grasp and portray. It can be felt rather than seen. We see the manifestations of life as we note changes in the material elements which form the flesh and bones of a living being, and we know that life is there. It will be observed that in the majority of chapters the ac- count of the period under consideration has been prefaced with a brief statement of the events pertaining to the earlier years of the University, from 1867 to 1904. Essentially, however, the Report is limited to the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920. CHAPTER I THE INCOME OF THE UNIVERSITY The Income of the University of Illinois is derived chiefly from three sources : various appropriations made by the United States Government ; appropriations made biennially by the State of Illinois; and the fees paid by students of the University. Within recent years considerable sums have been received also from miscellaneous sources, the most important of which are sales of various products resulting from the regular work of the University, either of experimentation or of instruction. Then, too, several noteworthy gifts have recently been made to the University. The various appropriations which have been made to the University are as follows: 1. Appropriations by tJie Federal Government By the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 the national govern- ment donated to the State of Illinois scrip for 480,000 acres of public land for the endowment and support of a College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts — 30,000 acres for each of its senators and representatives in Congress. The sale of this land has brought to the University an endowment fund of ap- proximately $650,000. The Hatch Act, approved March 2, 1887, provided for an appropriation of $15,000 per annum to each state for the pur- pose of establishing and maintaining agricultural experiment stations in connection with the colleges founded under the act of 1862. In 1890 a second Morrill Act was passed by Congress, by which there was appropriated for the support of each of the land-grant colleges the sum of $15,000 for the year ending June 30, 1890, and in each succeeding year a sum larger by $1000 than the amount of the preceding year until the amount should reach $25,000 a year. Thereafter $25,000 was to be paid annually. The sum of $25,000 has been received by the Uni- versity each year since 1900. 8 Sixteen Tears at tJie University of Illinois The Adams Act, approved March 16, 1906, provided for an increased annual appropriation for agricultural experiment stations. Under its provisions the University received $5000 for the year ending June 30, 1906, and for each of the next five years an increase of $2000 over the amount of the preceding year. Since 1911 the University has received under this Act $15,000 annually. In 1907 Congress provided for the more complete endow- ment and maintenance of the agricultural colleges by appro- priating for their support the sum of $5000 for the year end- ing June 30, 1908, and for each succeeding year for four years a sum larger by $5000 than the amount of the preceding year. Thereafter $25,000 was to be paid annually under the provisions of this law — known as the Nelson Act. The sum of $25,000 has been received by the University annually since 1912. The Smith-Lever Act, approved May 8, 1914, provides for cooperative agricultural extension work by the land-grant col- leges and the United States Department of Agriculture. By this act $480,000 was appropriated by the Federal Government for the year 1914-15, $1,080,000 for the succeeding year, and for each year thereafter for seven years a sum exceeding by $500,- 000 the sum appropriated for each preceding year. There- after the appropriation is to be $4,580,000 a year. Of the first $480,000 appropriated annually, each of the 48 States re- ceives an equal share or $10,000. The additional sums appro- priated are to be allotted to each State in the proportion which the rural population of each State bears to the total rural popu- lation of all the States as determined by the next preceding Federal census. The act provides further that no payment out of the additional sums shall be made in any year to any State until an equal sum has been appropriated for that year by the legislature of such State, or provided by State, county, college, local authority or individual contributions from within the State, for the maintenance of this cooperative agricultural extension work. The legislature of the State of Illinois, by house joint reso- lution, assented to the provisions of the Smith-Lever Act March 4, 1915, and the first instalment, $10,000, was received by the Tlie Income of tJie University 9 University of Illinois during the fiscal year 1914-15. Of the sums • appropriated in excess of $480,000, the State of Illinois will receive 4.38% each year until the figures for the fourteenth United States census are available. For the year 1915-16 the total sum payable to this State under the act was $36,282.20, for 1916-17 $58,184.03, and for 1917-18 $80,085.86. The "equal sum" to be provided by some organization within the State of Illinois is at present furnished by individual subscriptions amounting to nearly $60,000 and by twenty-three county organ- izations which together contribute annually to this work a total of about $26,000. Also the University is spending each year between $20,000 and $30,000 in the work of agricultural ex- tension. The Smith-Hughes Act approved February 23, 1917, pro- vides for the promotion of vocational education and the prepara- tion of teachers of vocational subjects. By this act the Federal Government appropriated for the year ending June 30, 1918,. the sum of $500,000 and for each succeeding year up to and including that ending June 30, 1925, a sum exceeding by $250,000 the appropriation of the next preceding year. Be- ginning July 1, 1925, the sum is to be fixed at $3,000,000 per annum. These appropriations will be allotted to each state in the proportion which its rural population bears to the total rural population in the United States according to the last pre- ceding United States census, on the condition that the allotment of funds to any state shall not be less than a minimum of $5,000" for any fiscal year up to and including that ending June 30, 1923, nor less than $10,000 for any fiscal year thereafter, and that for each Federal dollar so expended for the maintenance of such vocational training, the State or local community or both shall expend an equal amount for the same purpose. The General Assembly of Illinois having adjourned before these funds were made available, Governor Lowden on Novem- ber 14, 1917, accepted the provisions of the Smith-Hughes Act, appointed the State Treasurer custodian of such money as: should be received therefrom, and created a State Board for Vocational Education, consisting of the Director of Registra- tion and Education, Chairman, the Superintendent of Public-. 10 Sixteen Tears at the University of Illinois Instruction, the Director of Agriculture, the Director of Labor, and the Director of Trade and Commerce. Since the Board had no State appropriation with which to undertake its work, it requested the University of Illinois to advance sufficient funds for the training of teachers in vocational branches. This the Board of Trustees agreed to do, and accordingly the Uni- versity proceeded with the work. Of the $11,290.96 expended thereon during the year 1917-18, $5,645.48 of Federal money was refunded by the State Board for Vocational Education. The sums received as a result of the Morrill, the Nelson, and the Smith-Hughes acts are paid annually by the Treasurer of the United States to the State Treasurer, Each General Assembly enacts a law providing that the sums so received by the State Treasurer shall immediately be payable into the Treasury of the University upon the order of its Board of Trustees. The income from the Hatch, the Adams, and the Smith-Lever acts is paid directly to the University Treasurer by the Treasurer of the United States. The income of the University of Illinois from each of the federal grants may be seen in the following table. It is worthy of note that the first of these federal appro- priations for the support of the land-grant colleges was brought about largely as a result of the efforts of a citizen of this state — Professor Jonathan Baldwin Turner of the Illinois College at Jacksonville ; and that although a similar bill had been vetoed by President Buchanan in 1859,^ a president from Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, affixed his signature to the bill of 1862. The fact should be added, that the appropriation of 1862 to the land-grant colleges was not the first appropriation made by the Federal government for the support of higher educa- tion in Illinois. By an act of Congress dated March 26, 1804, the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to locate in each of three districts in the Indiana Territory one entire township for the use of a seminary of learning. This gave Indiana, Illinois and Michigan each one seminary township.^ By the mi. School Report 1881-2, p. cxli =111. School Eeport 1881-2, p. cxxxi TJie Income of tlie University 11 ooo ooooo omooo oot^oo ominoo «(-ioa>_:r^ O O O O O O O t-; lO (M O O O O G? r-J O t-; O OJ !>• O lO O O ^ J^ « o lo o o r)5 o o r-H ci od lo o o o in «>■* o t-' o* ■*' co o > bo r-l 00 «o ft ■ ^ o =2 <^ ja +3 o , 2<] .2 ■i,co n qj (O '^ CO ooooo omooooot^oo wpl ooOOOOOlf-'0(MOOOOOr-HO'n ®5 OloOOTlHOOr-iOloDiracOOO'^'t-Ot-- "S 9'T3lOO<3^ I— lOlOOi— ICO (MocSt^O ;0'*'^-*l050 Qj > fl t^ CO co^ i^^ <»_ ^^ i-H_ co^ oa^ co_^ o rn^ co^ "^^ "^^ 'H, '■"^ ""1, h b r-'^ co" '*" co" o" o" c-f m" go" ^ a^ lo" co" i-n" o~ co tJ" t-T Oi' co" «o" -^ lo" t-" ^^fx< i-li-IOClC^ICMOqcqlOOqCQlMtMW'-li-lr-lrHoacgoqfMM PI fl -^ '-' H ° a .•s' rj3 3 M CO o t^00050,rH<>C]CO^>-0 !01>-000i0 i'^n'flS "^^'fa >.« -b-t--t--r>.t-t^l:^t^l>.COGO000000C0 00QO0p00Ol PMtHi^^ Srt^ bLo6<35 0rHOqco4]COTtHlOCCil>.OOa5 ""h- ' "^O.^ COCDO t^l^-t^t^t^ t^t^t^t^t^ cococococo coooooooco os-fjsSS COOOOOOOODCOCOOOOOGOOOCOCOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOOOCOOO ffl®2Ji35 rHrHTHi-HrHi-lrHi-lrHi-li-lr-li-lrHiHi-lr-li-lrHi-lT-li-li-l +j'myq• l^ t- (N 05 Ol O ■* t~ M t^ O 1— I 00 i-l CO o CO -^ crT co~ cT i>^ (>r t^ 00 00 Ci O O rH CO CO oa T-( CD CD O TtH Ttl t>^ CD rH I—I CD oT o^ oo"^ oT o' ■■* t^ oi (M m i-H 1— I 1— I (jq cq CO o CO CD 05 (JCl o CQ

^ o CD o o o OO 00 o^ 00 o^ o_ o^ 05 Oi r oo" a^ cT ^ T-H rH 1-1 tH 05 o_ o_^ o_ o^ o^ o_ O^ G>^ o^ o o^ o^ o o, o_^ ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooinoo oooOo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo OOOOOO OOOOo ooooo oo'ooo ooooo OCOOOO OO-^OO OOOOo o o o o o o O o o ooooo t> ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo Win^in'in'in^in" icTin^in^in^in^ irTin^in^in^in' in'irTin'in'in^ in^T^TTtH^icTin^ in~in~in~in'in" 1— ll— lT-(rHi— I rHi-liHi-flH 1— li— liHi-ii— I i-ItHi-It-Ii— I iHi— li— IrHi— I i— li-li-l'— li— I in o in o * o -* O CO (M 00 •<*< 00 OQ TfH 1* -^ CO CO CO OQ O co" oq" (m" cq" c^T m" oq" im" cq" cq" COCOCOCOCO COCOCQCOCO TjH CO CO CO CO CO CD CD CD CD o* o' O* O O c-ooOi iHiHiHiHrH iHiHiHtH OiHoqcoi*! incDt^ooci oiHcgco-* incDt^oooi ooooo ooooo iHiHiHiHiH iHiHiHiHrH OOiOiOlOi 0500C505 CiC505050i <750i05^0 fW The Income of the University 13 act of Congress of April 18, 1818, by which the people of Illinois Territory were allowed to form a constitution and state government, one-half of one per cent of the net proceeds of the lands lying within the state, which should be sold by Con- gress after January 1, 1819, was to be "exclusively bestowed on a college or university." By the same act it was provided "That thirty-six sections, or one entire township, which shall be designated by the President of the United States, together with the one heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be reserved for the use of a seminary of learning, and vested in the legislature of said State, to be appropriated solely to the use of such seminary by the said legislature. "^ The income from the college and seminary funds was an- nually borrowed by the state government from 1829 until 1857. Sometimes this money was used for the support of the common school system, but it appears to have been placed frequently in the general fund of the state to obviate a levy of the neces- sary taxes for the operation of the state government.'* When the establishment of the Illinois State Normal Uni- versity was authorized in 1857 the interest on the college and seminary funds was appropriated to the support of that in- stitution. This income has been shared equally with the Southern Illinois Normal University since the establishment of the latter in 1869.^ The income of the seminary funds which had been borrowed up to 1857 was never returned by the state, but the borrowed income of the college fund was re- stored by an act passed in 1861.^ No part of the proceeds of either the college or the sem- inary funds has ever been received by the University of Illinois. It is to be noticed that in the case of each of the various federal grants made from 1862 on, it was the purpose of the general government to require the states to cooperate in the maintenance of the work of the institution established as a T:11. School Eeport, 1881-2, p. cxxiii *I11. School Report, 1881-2, pp. cxxxiii and cxxxiv '111. School Eeport, 1881-2, p. cxxxv m\. School Eeport, 1881-2, p. cxxxvii 14 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois result of these grants. This is evident in the first place from the fact that the appropriations made by the Federal govern- ment to the University were made primarily for the support of instruction in agriculture and the mechanic arts and of agricultural investigation, although ' ' other scientific and classi- cal studies" were not to be excluded from the curriculum, and military tactics was specifically included. If the institution in any state was to become a university, offering courses in every field of study, the money for the greater part of its support must come from the state itself. In the second place, a considerable measure of support on the part of the state was demanded for carrying on even the work of the agricul- tural and the engineering departments, for every bill granting federal support for this work included a provision to the effect that the state must furnish such facilities as would make the work possible. Thus in the original grant of 1862 not more than 10% of the fund might be used for the pur- chase of land for a site or for farms; no part of the fund or of the interest on the fund might be used for the purchase, erection or repair of buildings. The state, then, must pro- vide and maintain the buildings required by the college. In the Act of 1887 by which the agricultural experiment sta- tions were established it was stipulated that not over 20% of the first annual appropriation of $15,000 might be used for buildings, and not more than 5% of subsequent appro- priations. The Morrill Act of 1890 provided that no part of the money then appropriated should be used for buildings — directly or indirectly, while the Adams Act of 1906 permitted the use of not over 5% of the appropriation for this purpose. The Nelson amendment of 1907 and the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 fixed the same limitations as the acts of 1862 and 1890. It became necessary, therefore, for the citizens of each state to provide a due proportion of the equipment and mainte- nance of these institutions. Illinois was slow to accept this obligation, but beginning with small annual appropriations it has contributed more generously as the years have passed until it has made possible the establishment and maintenance TJie Income of tJie Uriiversity 15 of the various necessary colleges and schools of a true uni- versity. 2. Appropriations by tJie State of Illinois The various sums which have been appropriated by the State to the University of Illinois from the establishment of the University to the present time are shown in the following table : APPEOPRIATIONS OF THE STATE TO THE UNIVEESITY OF ILLINOIS 1869-1920 Biennium 1869-71 $ 60,000.00 1871-73 130,500.00 1873-75 52,050.00 1875-77 11,500.00 1877-79 69,000.00 1879-81 24,500.00 1881-83 41,300.00 1883-85 54,500.00 1885-87 53,500.00 $ 496,850.00 1887-89 54,500.00 1889-91 68,650.00 1891-93 135,200.00 1893-95 295,700.00 1895-97 427,000.00 1897-99 449,164.31 1899-1901 494,400.00 1901-03 804,330.01 1903-05 1,152,400.00 1905-07 1,414,585.00 1907-09 2,222,790.00 1909-11 2,313,500.00 1911-13 3,399,300.00 1913-15 4,500,000.00 1915-17 5,000,000.00 1917-19 4,800,000.00 1919-21 5,348,000.00 3,881,344.32 23,650,125.00 28,998,125.00 Total 1869-1921 $33,376,319.32 16 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois The legislature of 1867, which authorized the establishment of the University and fixed its site at Urbana, made no appro- priation for its support. The legislature of 1869, however, made an appropriation of $60,000 to the University, and each succeeding legislature has accepted the obligation of con- tributing to its maintenance. The appropriations may be grouped in three periods : For the first eighteen years of the life of the University, or until 1885, the appropriations were quite irregular. There was no uniformity of increase or of decrease from one bien- nium to the next. The sum of all appropriations for this period was $496,850 — an average of $55,206 per biennium, or $27,603 per annum. The sums ranged from $11,500 in 1875 to $130,- 500 in 1871. For the next eighteen years, from 1886 to 1904, the total sum appropriated by the State to the University was $3,881,- 344.32, an average of $431,260 per biennium, or $215,630 per annum. There was a steady biennial increase from $54,500, appropriated in 1887, to $1,152,400, appropriated in 1903. For the next fifteen years, from 1904 to 1919, the total sum appropriated by the State of Illinois to the University was $28,998,125, an average of $3,624,765.62 per biennium, or $1,812,382.81 per annum. There was again a steady biennial increase in the appropriations, the sums advancing from $1,414,535, appropriated in 1905, to $5,000,000, appropriated in 1915, falling however to $4,800,000 in 1917. It is noteworthy that the sum appropriated in 1913 — $4,500,000 — was over $120,000 greater than the entire sum of all the appropriations made by the State of Illinois to the University during the thirty-six years from its foundation in 1867 to 1903 — $4,378,- 194.32; and that the sums appropriated in 1915 and 1917, namely $5,000,000 and $4,800,000, exceeded by $620,000 and $420,000 respectively, the sum total of all the appropriations made by the State to the University during the first thirty- six years of the latter 's existence. The increase in the successive appropriations made during the past fifteen years is seen in the next table. y/jdministra Hon Commerce II The Income of the University 17 APPROPRIATIONS OF THE STATE TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1905-19 Increase over appropriation of preceding Rate of Biennium Appropriation biennium Increase 1905-07 $1,414,535.00 $ 262,135.00 23% 1907-09 2,222,790.00 808,255.00 57% 1909-11 2,313,500.00 90,710.00 4% 1911-13 3,399,300.00 1,085,800.00 47% 1913-15 4,500,000.00 1,100,700.00 32% 1915-17 5,000,000.00 500,000.00 11% 1917-19 4,800,000.00 (-200,000.00)' (4%)' 1919-21 5,348,000.00 548,000.00 11% Average rate of increase over each preceding biennium 24% Increase of appropriation of 1917 over that of 1903 316% Total appropriations by state 190.'5-1919 $28,998,125.00 Total appropriations by state 1869-1903 4,378,194.32 Excess of appropriations 1905-19 over 1869-1903 24,619,930.68 The preceding tables do not include certain sums appro- priated by the legislature to various organizations connected more or less closely with the University, although the funds of such organizations were for a time administered by the Board of Trustees of the University. The State Laboratory of Natural History was removed to the campus of the University of Illinois in 1885. From that time until 1899 the sums appropriated for its work were pay- able "upon the order of the president of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, attested by its secretary and with the corporate seal of the University. ' ' During this period the following sums were appropriated to the Laboratory: 'Decrease 18 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illiriois APPROPEIATIONS TO THE STATE LABORATOEY OF NATURAL HISTORY 1885-1899 Biennium Appropriation . 1885-1887 $ 18,000.00 1887-1889 15,100.00 1889-1891 11,500.00 1891-1893 12,000.00 1893-1895 14,100.00 1895-1897 19,800.00 1897-1899 22,000.00 Total $112,500.00 In like manner the sum of $50,000 appropriated for the work of the State Entomologist was administered by the Uni- versity for the biennium 1907-1909. In 1911 additional duties were assigned by the General Assembly to the State "Water Survey, which had been estab- lished at the University of Illinois in 1899. The sum of $30,- 000 was appropriated in 1911 for carrying on the work of investigation then proposed. This amount was increased to $43,000 in 1913 and to $52,000 in 1915, making a total of $125,- 000 thus far appropriated for regular and additional work. The trustees of the University were charged with the admin- istration of these funds, likewise, (To carry on the original work of water analysis for which the Survey was created at the University, a total of $65,000 was appropriated to the Uni- versity itself during the period from 1899 to 1913. This sum is included in the table showing the appropriations of the State to the University, but the $125,000 thus far appropriated di- rectly to the State Water (Survey has not been so included.)^ The Illinois Miners ' and Mechanics ' Institutes were author- ized by the General Assembly in 1911. No appropriation for this work was made, however, until 1913, when $15,000 per annum was appropriated for the next two years. The Board of Trustees of the University was charged with the adminis- tration of this fund. *The State Water Survey was in 1917 made a division of the State Department of Registration and Education by the Fiftieth General Assembly The Income of tlie University 19 The federal land-grant act of 1862 provided that if any portion of the fund created by that act, or of the interest thereon, should be diminished or lost, it must be replaced by the state to which it had belonged. Accordingly, upon the defalcation of the treasurer of the University in 1897, the State assumed the liability for the endowment fund and has since paid interest thereon semi-annually at the rate of 5% per annum. The appropriation of this interest could properly be classed either as a State or a Federal appropriation, but has been considered in this chapter as an item of the income from the Federal government — the original source of this fund. It was therefore not included in the table of state appropriations, although two special appropriations, $92,949.38 and $5,000, re- spectively, necessitated by the loss of the working income in 1897 through the defalcation already mentioned, were so in- cluded. The sums thus far appropriated by the State as interest on the endowment fund are as follows :^ INTEEEST ON OEIGINAL ENDOWMENT FUND— 1897-1917 1897 $24,250.03 1899 53,013.51 1901 49,921.44 1903 60,149.16 1905 62,091.16 1907 63,580.42 1909 64,661.23 1911 64,880.36 1913 64,841.28 1915 64,901.00 1917 64,901.32 1919 64,901.32 Total $702,092.23 *The phrase "or as much thereof as may be necessary" is regu- larly included in the act by which the appropriation is made. The sums actually received by the University have usually been somewhat less than those represented by the above figures. 20 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois The various purposes for which appropriations have been made by the State to the University since the organization of the University are indicated in the following table : STATE APPROPRIATIONS TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1867-1921 Appropriation Total For 1867-1903 1905-1921 1867-1921 Administrative Offices $ 157,000.00 $ 157,000.00 Agricultural Building $ 162,830.01 162,830.01 Agriculture 132,500.00 715,800.00 848,300.00 Animal Husbandry Building.. 80,000.00 80,000.00 Armory 10,000.00 100,000.00 110,000.00 Auditorium 100,000.00 100,000.00 Biological Station 5,500.00 5,500.00 Buildings 700,000.00 700,000.00 Buildings and Grounds, Main- tenance 79,500.00 423,690.00 503,190.00 Buildings, Minor 8,500.00 33,000.00 41,500.00 Cabinets and Collections 28,500.00 20,000.00 48,500.00 Ceramics 80,000.00 80,000.00 Ceramics Building 21,000.00 21,000.00 Chemistry 33,000.00 80,000.00 113,000.00 Chemistry Laboratory 154,714.93 154,714.93 Commerce, Instruction in 26,400.00 166,000.00 192,400.00 Commerce Building 125,000.00 125,000.00 Crop Experiments 40,000.00 120,000.00 160,000.00 Dairy Barn 10,000.00 10,000.00 Dairy Investigations 40,000.00 120,000.00 160,000.00 Defalcation Fund 92,949.38 92,949.38 Drains, Fences and Repairs... 18,000.00 25,000.00 43,000.00 Electrical Laboratory and Heat- ing Plant 51,000.00 51,000.00 Engineering College and Sta- tion 240,000.00 640,000.00 880,000.00 Engineering Hall 165,000.00 165,000.00 Equipment 600,000.00 600,000.00 Farm Lands 31,600.00 31,600.00 Feeding Experiments (See Live Stock Investigations) Fire Protection 11,000.00 12,000.00 23,000.00 Floriculture 47,000.00 47,000.00 General and Contingent Ex- penses 950,000.00 950,000.00 |i The Income of tJie University 21 Appropriation Total For 1867-1903 1905-1921 1867-1921 General Departments 230,000.00 230,000.00 Graduate School 300,000.00 300,000.00 Glasshouse, rebuilt 30,000.00 30,000.00 Gymnasium, Men's 3,000.00 13,000.00 16,000.00 Gymnasium, Wood Shop, etc... 91,000.00 91,000.00 Heating Plant 20,500.00 115,035.00 135'535.00 Horticulture 63,500.00 120,000.00 183,500.00 Household Science 30,000.00 30,000.00 Instructional Work 2,563,000.00 2,563,000.00 Laboratories, General 41,600.00 26,000.00 67,600.00 Land (City Lots) 8,500.00 15,000.00 23,500.00 Land, Buildings and Equip- "^^^* 2,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 Law Building and Stacks 10,500.00 25,000.00 35,500.00 Law, College of 123,000.00 123,000.00 Legal Proceedings 5,000.00 5,000.00 Library and Apparatus 129,800.00 175,000.00 304,'800.00 Library Building 160,000.00 160,000.00 Lincoln HaU 250,000.00 250^000.00 Live Stock Investigations 82,000.00 200,000.00 282,000.00 Live Stock Specimens 22,500.00 22,500.00 Maintenance and Operation... 1,815,400.00 7,000,000.00 8,815,400.00 Military Barns 25,000.00 25,000.00 Mining Building 25,000.00 25,000.00 Mining Engineering 4,000.00 45,000.00 49,000.00 Mines Investigation 10,000.00 10,000.00 Music, School of 10,000.00 18,000.00 28,000.00 Natural History Hall 76,000.00 150,000.00 226,000.00 Observatory 15,000.00 15,000.00 Office Expenses, Departmental.. 250,000.00 25o',000.00 Operating 600,000.00 600,000.00 Operating Supplies and Ex- P'^oses 175,000.00 175,000.00 Pavements and Walks 37,300.00 13,000.00 50,300.00 Pharmacy, School of 50,000.00 50,000.00 Physical Plant 450,000.00 450,000.00 P^iysics 6,000.00 6,000.00 Physics Building . 250,000.00 250,000.00 Printing Office, Equipment 500.00 500.00 Repairs 200,000.00 200,000.00 Eesearch and Scientific Depts.. 200,000.00 200,000.00 Salaries and Wages 6,250,000.00 6,250,000.00 School Supplies 865,000.00 865,000.00 Shop Practise 51,000.00 42,000.00 93,000.08 Shops and Drill Hall 26,250.00 26,250.00 22 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois Appropriation Total For 1867-1903 1905-1921 1867-1921 Social and Political Science (See Commerce, Instruction in) Soil Investigations 70,000.00 350,000.00 420,000.00 Soil Maps 50,000.00 50,000.00 Sugar Beet Investigations 6,000.00 6,000.00 Taxes on Nebraska and Minne- sota Lands 63,100.00 63,100.00 Teachers (additional) and In- struction at Institute 24,000.00 24,000.00 48,000,00 Telephone Exchange 3,000.00 7,500.00 10,500.00 Engineering (Transportation) Building and Grounds 200,000.00 200,000.00 Traveling Expenses 100,000.00 100,000.00 University Hall 121,050.00 121,050.00 Vaccine Laboratory 12,800.00 12,800.00 Veterinary Biological Lab. Oper- tion 23,000.00 23,000.00 Veterinary Science 2,000.00 30,000.00 32,000.00 Water Station 20,000.00 16,000.00 36,000.00 Water Survey 20,000.00 45,000.00 65,000.00 Woman 's Building 80,000.00 140,000.00 220,000.00 TOTAL $4,378,194.32 $29,448,125.00 $33,826,319.32 The appropriations by the State to the University from 1905 to 1920 are given in detail in the seven tables which follow : STATE APPEOPEIATIONS FOR 1905-07 Purpose Amount Agricultural College $ 100,000.00 Auditorium 100,000.00 Cabinets and Collections 4,000.00 Ceramics 10,000.00 Chemistry 20,000.00 Commerce, Instruction in 16,000.00 Crop Experiments 30,000.00 Dairy Investigation 30,000.00 Drains, Fences and Repairs 10,000.00 Engineering College and Station 150,000.00 Fire Protection 3,000.00 Heating Plant 35.00 J The Income of the University 23 Purpose Amount Horticulture 30,000.00 Laboratories (General) 6,000.00 Law, College of 10,000.00 Library 25,000.00 Live Stock Investigation 50,000.00 Music, School of 6,000.00 Operating Expense 700,000.00 Shop Practise 10,000.00 Soil Investigation 50,000.00 Teachers (additional) and Instruction at Institutes 12,000.00 Telephone Exchange 1,500.00 Water Station 3,000.00 Water Survey 8,000.00 Woman's Building 15,000.00 Purchase of City Lots 15,000.00 Total $1,414,535.00 STATE APPEOPKIATIONS FOE 1907-09 Purpose Amount Agricultural College $ 100,000.00 Buildings and Grounds 28,690.00 Cabinets and Collections 4,000.00 Ceramics 15,000.00 Chemistry 20,000.00 Commerce, Instruction in 50,000.00 Crop Experiments 30,000.00 Dairy Investigation 30,000.00 Drains, Fences and Eepairs 10,000.00 Engineering College and Station 150,000.00 Farm Land 11,600.00 Fire Protection 3,000.00 Floriculture 15,000.00 Graduate School 100,000.00 Heating Plant 35,000.00 Horticulture 30,000.00 Household Science 20,000.00 Laboratories (General) 6,000.00 Law, College of 30,000.00 Library 50,000.00 Live Stock Investigation 50,000.00 Music, School of 6,000.00 Natural History Building (addition) 150,000.00 Operating Expense 900,000.00 24 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Purpose Amount Pharmacy, School of 10,000.00 Physics Hall 250,000.00 Shop Practise 10,000.00 Soil Investigation 50,000.00 Teachers (additional) and Instruction at Institutes 12,000.00 Veterinary Science 30,000.00 Telephone Exchange 1,500.00 Water Station 3,000.00 Water Survey 12,000.00 Total $2,222,790.00 STATE APPEOPEIATIONS FOE 1909-11 Purpose Amount Agricultural College $ 100,000.00 Buildings and Grounds 35,000.00 Cabinets and Collections 4,000.00 Ceramics 25,000.00 Chemistry 20,000.00 Crop Experiments 30,000.00 Dairy Investigation 30,000.00 Drains, Fences and Eepairs 5,000.00 Engineering College and Station 160,000.00 Fire Protection 3,000.00 Floriculture 16,000.00 Graduate School 100,000.00 Gymnasium 8,000.00 Heating and Lighting Plant 50,000.00 Horticulture 30,000.00 Household Science 5,000.00 Laboratories, General 6,000.00 Law, College of 33,000.00 Law Library Stacks '. 10,000.00 Library 50,000.00 Lincoln Hall 250,000.00 Mining Engineering 15,000.00 Music, School of 6,000.00 Operating Expense 1,050,000.00 Pavements and Walks 5,000.00 Pharmacy, School of 20,000.00 Shop Practise 10,000.00 Social and Political Science 50,000.00 Soil Investigation 120,000.00 Stock Investigation 50,000.00 The Income of tlie University 25 Purpose Amount Telephone Exchange 1,500.00 Water Station 6,000.00 Water Survey 10,000.00 -Total $2,313,500.00 STATE APPEOPRIATIONS FOR 1911-13 Purpose Amount Agricultural College $ 415,800.00 Agronomy Greenhouse 9,000.00 Animal Husbandry Building 80,000.00 Armory 100,000.00 Buildings and Grounds 50,000.00 Cabinets 8-000.00 Ceramics 30,000.00 Ceramics Building 21,000.00 Chemistry 20,000.00 Clinic Building 5,000.00 Cold Storage ..■- 9'000.00 Commerce Building 125,000.00 Crop Experiments 30,000.00 Dairy Barn 10,000.00 Dairy Investigations 30,000.00 Engineering Building and Grounds 200,000.00 Engineering College and Station 180,000.00 Farm Mechanics Building 8,000.00 Fire Protection 3,000.00 Floriculture 16,000.00 Glass House 30,000.00 Graduate School 100,000.00 Gymnasium 5,000.00 Heating and Lighting Plant 30,000.00 Horticulture , 30,000.00 Household Science 5,000.00 Laboratories, General 8,000.00 Law Building 15,000.00 Law, College of 50,000.00 Library 50,000.00 Live Stock Specimens 22,500.00 Mining Building (additional equipment) 25,000.00 Mining Engineering 30,000.00 Mines Investigation 10,000.00 Operating Expenses 1,150,000.00 Pavements and Walks 8,000.00 Pharmacy, School of 20,000.00 26 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Purpose Amount Purchase of Farm Lands 20,000.00 Sheep Building 2,000.00 Shop Practise 12,000.00 Social and Political Science 50,000.00 Soil Investigations 130,000.00 Soil Maps 50,000.00 Stock Investigations 50,000.00 Telephone Exchange 3,000.00 Water Station 4,000.00 Water Survey 15,000.00 Woman's Building, Addition 125,000.00 Total $3,399,300.00 STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1913-15 Purpose Amount Maintenance, Equipment and General Operating Expenses. .$3,200,000.00 Land, Buildings and Equipment 1,300,000.00 Total $4,500,000.00 STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1915-17 Purpose Amount Land, Buildings and Equipment $ 900,000.00 Expenses of Administrative Offices 157,000.00 Expenses of General Departments 230,000.00 Expense of Instructional Work 2,563,000.00 Expense of Research and Scientific Departments 200,000.00 Maintenance and Operation of Physical Plant 450,000.00 General and Contingent Fund 500,000.00 Total $5,000,000.00 STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1917-19 Purpose Amount Salaries and Wages $2,950,000.00 Departmental Office Expenses 100,000.00 Traveling Expenses 50,000.00 Operating Supplies and Expenses 125,000.00 School Supplies 415,000.00 Repairs on Buildings, Grounds and Equipment 110,000.00 Equipment 300,000.00 Buildings 500,000.00 Reserve and Contingencies 250,000.00 Total $4,800,000.00 T}ie Income of the University 27 STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1919-21 A. From Receipts from the University Mill Tax 1. Salaries and Wages $3,300,000.00 2. Office Expense 150,000,00 3. Traveling Expense 50,000.00 4. Operating 600,000.00 5. Repairs 200,000.00 6. Equipment 300,000.00 7. Buildings 200,000.00 8. Contingent 200,000.00 Total Mill Tax $5,000,000.00 B. From General Revenue of the State 1. Land and Buildings $ 300,000.00 2. Veterinary Biological Laboratory Operation 23,000.00 3. Military Barns 25,000.00 Total Appropriations $5,348,000.00 It should be noted that the appropriations for 1913-15, for 1915-17, for 1917-19, and for 1919-21, totaling $4,500,000, $5,000,000, $4,800,000, and $5,348,000 respectively, represented the estimated proceeds of the one-mill tax for the University first collected in 1912. The progress of a State University is to be judged not so much by the size of the appropriations made to it by suc- cessive legislatures as by the manner in which such appropria- tions are utilized. Nevertheless a steady increase in the bien- nial appropriations, obtained as these are from groups of men the personnel of which is constantly changing, affords reason- ably certain evidence that the University has won the confi- dence of the greater number of the citizens of the State, that it is developing in accordance with their desires, and that it is meeting the various obligations which in increasing numbers are being laid upon it year after year. The voting by the legislature of 1911 of an annual mill tax for the support of the University of Illinois is a further unmistakable expression of this confidence. The act in full is as follows : AN ACT to Provide by State Tax for a Fund for tJie Sup- port and Maintenance of the University of Illinois. 28 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Section 1. Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois represented in the General Assembly : That there shall be levied and collected for the year 1912 and annually there- after at the same time and in the same manner that State taxes are collected, a one mill tax for each dollar of the assessed valuation of the taxable property of this State to be paid into the treasury of the State and set apart as a fund for the use and maintenance of the University of Illinois. Section 2. Such fund when so collected, paid in and set apart, shall remain in the treasury of the State until appro- priated to the use of the said University of Illinois by act of the General Assembly in accordance with section 18, article 4, of the Constitution of this State. Approved June 10, 1911.io The passage of this Act makes it possible for the author- ities of the University to adopt and carry out a definite admin- istrative and educational policy. It has, however, become evi- dent that with the rapid growth of the University and with the increasing demands made upon it, the mill tax will not alone yield a sufficient sum to provide both for the ordinary operating expenses and for the erection of the buildings now urgently needed by the several colleges of the University. The lower estimate of the receipts from this tax and the consequently lower appropriation for the biennium 1917-19 was due mainly to the fact that the equalized assessment of all taxable property in Illinois for the year 1916 was arbitrarily reduced to $2,502,086,976, a sum $54,571,224 less than the cor- responding amount for 1915. This was a decrease of over two per cent, whereas for the preceding six years there had been an average increase of nearly three per cent. Because of this reduction and in view of the fact that for the biennium 1915-17 the receipts from the mill tax had fallen below the $5,000,000 appropriated in 1915 for that period, the Board of Trustees of the University asked of the legislature for the biennium 1917-19 a sum from the mill tax $200,000 less than the amount appropriated for the preceding biennium. An additional sum of $2,000,000 for the biennium 1917-19, re- >°Laws of Illinois 1911, pp. 484-5 The Income of the University 29 quired for the inauguration of a comprehensive building plan for the next ten years, was not granted by the legislature. 3. Total Income of the University The total receipts of the University from all sources for each year from 1904 to 1917 are shown in the following table. It should be noted that in this table the sums received from the State of Illinois represent not only all sums appropriated directly to the University for University purposes, but also all other funds with the administration of which the Trustees of the University were charged. It will be observed that the income of the University and related departments from each of the various sources — United States Government, State of Illinois, and fees, sales, etc., — showed a marked increase during the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920. The income proper of the University exceeded $1,000,- 000 for the first time in the year 1905-06. Six years later it went beyond $2,000,000 and for the years 1915-16, and following it has exceeded $3,000,000. The total available income for 1903-04, the year immediately preceding this period, was $956,- 472.80. The total sum available for 1919-20, including the bal- ance at the beginning of the year, was $3,967,848.20, an increase of $3,011,375.40 over the income for 1903-04, or about 314 per cent. Gifts to the University The University has, at various times, been the recipient of important gifts. These have consisted of land, buildings, scientific collections, libraries, machinery, miscellaneous items, and sums of money. Usually any money received has been given for a definite purpose designated by the donor, such as a fellowship, a scholarship, a loan fund, a prize, or books of a special character. The first gifts to the University were made in 1867 in order to secure its location in Champaign County, At that time the county, through a committee of its board of supervisors, offered the Urbana and Champaign Institute buildings and grounds, about 970 acres of farm land, one hundred thousand dollars in Champaign County ten per cent bonds, fifty thousand 30 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois -* o t- iH CO ^ CO Tfl 00 i-( --1 cq Oi oq 1—1 o a in w ^. iq tJO 05 (M_ O; ^ lO "*. in |» o oq OJ 0) (H CO 00 o 05 ci t^ CO o t>^ t-^ T^^■ rJH 00 in o OO" 3 o3 t^ o t^ O CO o CO y-t ra r-l ^ ^ in to 1—1 ^ :/2 cS o to^ (>• T-i CO_^ o (M o kO (M oq CO Csl iH to^ «5 t»_ >H ^_, • rH ■ C5 '^ o 00 t^ '^ Ci Tt( TO r-l Cl o 4-^ > tH o_ Cvl Cvj in O i-H o^ m >o_^ o 00 1-1 ^ -* TO^ 03_ O Eh o <^ SH i-T 1—1 t-l r-T T-T (M of c^ iro' CO (M 00 co" CO co" co" .S >H pq m Cit^t^otMoinoTHcooocsajNiHc-i !>; O T|H O 05 05 Oi CO eg Cq O TO in r-J l^ O iricji-it^oini^cjrjicocqccoot-'oi t^OTOO-^t^CSinOSCOClCOt^iHTOO Oi^ CO_^ rH_ TO_^ TO_^ ^^^ Ci^ CO 1-H^ O^ O^ 0D_ t~^ TO_ C-O^ rH^ t>r <^ oJ" co'' o" c^ <35^ t>^ 0_ TO__ O^ rH^ C0_ C0_^ CO^ O otT cT t>r orT co" oT o" ccT o" o~ oo" co" o~ r-T ininoocicoTO05t^t-o(MTj o o ^ ^ O ■» '*ooTOco'S2!"*o5o^°2 TtiTOcoin<^50mtcio'~i'~I TjH t-' oq' to' ^ S2 ^ c TJie Income of tlie University 31 dollars worth of freight donated by the Illinois Central Eail- road Company, and two thousand dollars worth of trees and shrubs from the nursery of M. L. Dunlap of Savoy. The total value of these gifts has been variously estimated at from $325,000 to $450,000. The former figure is probably more nearly correct.^ ^ At the third meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- versity, held in November, 1867, the committee on the agricul- tural department reported as follows: "The committee are of the opinion that upon proper appli- cation to the manufacturers of agricultural implements, one at least of each kind may be secured to the Institution free of charge. It will be manifestly to the interest of manufac- turers to send their machines of different kinds here to be tested, as an indorsement by the officers of the Institution would be highly beneficial to the manufacturers, in making sales. The committee recommend the passage of the follow- ing resolution: "Resolved, That Thomas Quick be instructed to correspond with the various manufacturers of agricultural implements, inviting them to donate to the University one at least of the various implements or machines, to be tested and used by the Institution, or placed in an exhibition hall, as the Board may elect, to form a permanent museum of agricultural imple- ments. "^2 At the next meeting of the Board Mr. Quick reported that machinery valued at approximately $400 had been promised the University by various donors and two-thirds of it had already been received.i^ Several of the leading manufacturers had indicated also their willingness to furnish any of the more expensive implements manufactured by them to the University at half price. Numerous donations of the same character have been made to the University during the subsequent years of its existence. Nor has the College of Agriculture been the only department "The value of the various tracts of land acquired by the University IS given in detail in Chapter II. "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 96 "Ibid, pp. 109-110 32 Sixteen Yeai's at the University of Illinois benefited in this manner. Several of the most important of the recent gifts of machinery to the University have been re- ceived by the College of Engineering. Among these may be mentioned a set of four axles and four pairs of supporting wheels valued at $2,700 for the new Locomotive Testing La^ boratory, given in 1912 by the Midvale Steel Company of Philadelphia ;^^ an automatic controller for electric motors, by the Electric Controller and Manufacturing Co. of Cleveland, Ohio;^^ and a six-hundred horse power vertical triple-expan- sion engine for the Engineering Museum, donated in 1915 by the Commonwealth Edison Co. of Chicago. ^^ The R. T. Crane Company of Chicago presented to the department of mechanical engineering in 1916 a complete ex- hibit of sectional valves, steam taps, etc., the value of which was estimated at $500. The Babcock and Wilcox Company of Bayonne, New Jersey, presented to the same department in 1916 a test drill for experimental purposes, of an estimated value of $150.1^ Books, singly and in the form of entire libraries, have been donated to the University at frequent intervals. Among the most important gifts of this character are the following: The Palmer Chemistry Library of about 360 volumes and 450 pamphlets, the library of the late Professor Arthur William Palmer of the University, was presented to the University in 1904 by Mrs. Anna Shattuek Palmer. The Karsten Collection, principally of French and German Philology and Literature, the library of the late Professor Gustaf E. Karsten of the University, was presented by Mrs. Eleanor G. Karsten in 1908. The B 'nai B 'rith Library of Jewish Literature was established in 1912 in consequence of a gift of $500 for this purpose by District Number 6 of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, and is supported by a gift of fifty dollars annually from the same source. The D. C. Greene Collection, consisting of 219 volumes of books and newspapers relating to Japan, a part of the library of Rev. D. C. Greene, of Japan, was presented to ^1 ^Rept., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 146 'Kept., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 175 "Kept., Univ. of 111., 1916, p. 879 ■Ibid., p. 939 cJVaiural 'T^istorij I The Income of tJie University 33 the University in 1915 by his son, Professor Evarts B. Greene. The Constance Barlow-Smith Collection, consisting of musical scores, manuscripts, books and portraits, was presented to the University by Mrs. Smith in 1916 upon her retirement from the assistant professorship of sight singing and ear training after thirteen years' teaching in the School of Music of the University. The Carl Martin James Collection, 1030 volumes relating to statistics and similar subjects, and the Amanda K. Casad Collection, 1732 volumes relating to history, economics, politics, and education, were presented to the University in 1915 and 1916, respectively, by President Edmund J. James. In 1919, Mr. Samuel Insull presented to the University a collection of U. S. Government reports, nearly complete. The Quine Library of the College of Medicine had its be- ginning in a collection of books presented to the College in 1892 by Mrs. A. Reeves Jackson after the death of Doctor Jackson, the first president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. Soon afterward Dr. William E. Quine gave a thou- sand volumes to the library and for a considerable period made an annual donation of $300 for its maintenance. An important series of gifts to the University is repre- sented by twenty-seven tracts of land in various portions of the State, which have been donated for use as experiment fields. These have a total area of over 500 acres and a total estimated value of from $75,000 to $100,000. is In February, 1917, the Trustees of the University were noti- fied by the executors of the estate of the late Alfred B. Jenkins of West Orange, New Jersey, that the University of Illinois was one of twelve institutions named in Mr. Jenkins' will as residuary legatees of his estate. The principal of the gift when received is to be held as a part of the endowment fund of the University and to be known as the "Alfred B. Jenkins Endowment. "19 The largest individual gift in the history of the University was received in 1914 when Captain Thomas J. Smith of Cham- paign, a former trustee, donated four farms having a total area ^Details regarding these fields are given in Chap. II ^Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 240 34 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois of about 770 acres and a total value of approximately $215,000, to provide funds for the erection of a building for the School of Music as a memorial to his wife, Tina Weedon Smith. ^^ Another noteworthy gift to the University was the pre- sentation in 1913, by the Alumni of the College of Medicine and other friends of medical education, of the property of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. This gift comprised the entire capital stock of the corporation, 2170 shares, having a par value of $100 a share. The value of the real estate, library, apparatus, equipment and other personal property which had belonged to the corporation and which thus became the property of the University has been variously estimated at from $300,000 to $400,000.21 This was, however, subject to an indebtedness of $245,000, which was not assumed by the University.^^ Still another very important gift was made in January, 1917, by Honorable William B. McKinley of Champaign, who offered to transfer to the University securities of the par value of $120,000 to provide funds for the erection of an infirmary for students and faculty. The Board of Trustees accepted the gift and voted to give the name ''McKinley Hospital" to the infirmary to be erected.^^ This was in addition to Mr. Mc- Kinley 's gifts to the University Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A., which were really for the use and benefit of students of the University of Illinois. A considerable number of gifts have been made to the University in the form of materials for the museums and collections. The first important gift of this character v/as made in 1874 as a result of the labors of the Kegent, Dr. J. M. Gregory, in soliciting funds among the residents of Urbana and Champaign for the purpose of establishing an art collection. About $2,000 was subscribed and the Art Museum established in University Hall during the same year. ^"Further details regarding this gift will be found in Chapter II "Cf. Eept., Univ. of 111., 1912, pp. 469-470; 1914, p. 189 "For a full statement of this transfer see Chapter IX ^Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 194 The Income of tJie University 35 A bust of Professor Edward Snyder in marble, the work of Mr. Lorado Taft of the class of 1879, was presented to the University by Mr. Taft in 1915. A considerable part of the paleontology collection is made up of specimens donated to the University. In 1876 Mr. Emory Cobb, a trustee, purchased and presented to the University the full series of casts of fossils made by Professor H. A. Ward of Rochester, N. Y. This collection, valued at $2,500, repre- sented the rarest and most valuable fossils of the British Museum, and of other great European collections, as well as those of the leading collections in America. The private col- lection of fossils made by Mr. Tyler McWhorter and valued at approximately $1,000 was presented to the University by Mr. McWhorter in 1888. In 1913 a collection of marine and fresh water shells comprising about 3,000 specimens collected by the late A. H. Worthen was given to the University by Mrs. Thomas A. Worthen. Many objects from the finds of the Egypt Exploration fund have been donated to the Museum of Classical Archeology and Art by Mr. W. G. Hibbard, Jr., of Chicago, at various intervals since 1911. These include about 117 pieces of pottery and terra cottas and about 195 other objects of stone, metal, wood, bone and leather. Professor W. N. Stearns of Fargo College, North Dakota, has also donated to this museum about twenty-eight pieces of pottery and fragmentary inscribed ostraka from Egypt. Mr. Hibbard was the donor also, in 1916, of a collection of 300 valuable coins of various countries. Of these, forty, of ancient Greek and Eoman coinage, have been placed in the Classical Museum, and the others in the Museum of Eu- ropean Culture. A collection of birds' eggs was given to the University in 1913 by Messrs. M. K. and M. H. Barnum. A large part of this material was collected in the Southwestern States years ago before the inroads of civilization had altered the country and its native fauna. Species to the number of 248 are repre- sented by 1,483 specimens. An excellent collection of corals was presented to the Uni- versity in 1915 by the Peabody Academy of Science of Salem, 36 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois Massachusetts. The collection comprises 23 specimens of 22 species, from Florida, the Hawaiian Islands, East India and Africa. The entomology collections of the University were enlarged in 1897 by the acquisition of the Bolter collection, which was donated to the University by the executors of the estate of the late Andreas Bolter of Chicago. About 120,000 specimens are included, representing over 16,000 species, chiefly from North America. In 1912 the department of botany was the recipient of a gift of the personal herbarium of Mrs. Agnes Chase of Wash- ington, D. C. This collection represents chiefly the flora of Illinois, but also that of the Eastern and Southeastern states. There are about 10,000 specimens in the collection, which has a value of from $1,500 to $2,000. Another recent gift to the same department was a set of the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, donated by Mrs. Mary ,S. Snyder in 1914. This collection includes about nine-tenths of all the marine algae found on the coasts of the United States. Over 2,000 species are represented. In 1916, the Herbarium was greatly enriched by the Stevens Collection of Porto Rican Fungi, 14,000 numbers presented by Professor F. L. Stevens. In 1915 a valuable collection consisting of 226 microscope slides was presented to the University by R. Halsted Ward, M. D., of Troy, New York. The slides represent a great variety of objects in the fields of botany, mineralogy, zoology, embryology and histology, prepared by experts of this country and abroad. A large collection of the materials of commerce was pre- sented to the University in 1905 by the Philadelphia Commer- cial Museum. The collection includes minerals, dyes, drugs, grasses, roots, woods, nuts, seeds, etc. Several private manu- facturing and mercantile establishments have contributed ma- terials of the same general character. Of the various gifts to the University several of the most important have been for the purpose of establishing funds from which loans might be made to worthy students. The Indome of the University 37 A fund of $100 was established by the class of 1895, only $50 of which was to be lent in any one year. The benefit of this fund is open only to students who at the time of their ap- plication are members of the freshman class. The Edward Snyder Loan Fund was established in 1899 by the gift of $12,000 to the University by Edward Snyder, formerly professor of the German Language and Literature. Juniors, seniors and graduate students are eligible to share in the benefits of this fund. A fund of $75 for the benefit of graduate students was estab- lished in 1907-08 by the members of the Graduate Club of the University. In 1911 the sum of $409.44 was given by the Woman's League of the University of Illinois as a trust fund to be known as the Woman's League Loan Fund, to be available to any woman properly matriculated in the University, on certain con- ditions stipulated in the deed of gift. In 1912 Honorable William B. McKinley of Champaign, Illi- nois, established a loan fund for undergraduate men by trans- ferring to the University notes aggregating about $12,000 which represented personal loans made by himself to students in previous years. It was stipulated that a preference should be shown to upper classmen in making loans from this fund. In 1912 Mr. Henry Strong of Chicago provided in his will for the establishment of an educational fund for the help of self-supporting students of ability and enterprise. An allot- ment of this fund to certain state universities is made annually by the trustees of the fund. Since 1912-13 the University of Illinois has received an allotment each year, amounting to $500 for each of the first four years and $250 for the year 1916-17. These sums are lent to students in accordance with certain regulations approved by the trustees of the fund. In December, 1914, the sum of $5,000 was donated as the nucleus of a loan fund for students of high character, intel- lectual capacity and physical vigor, who have completed not less than two full years of work in the University. The loans from this fund, which is known as the Margaret Lange James Student Loan Fund, are made preferably to women students. Subsequent donations — among them a gift of $500 by Mr. 38 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois Homer A. Stillwell of Chicago — have increased the fund to about $5,630. A loan fund for the benefit of women students in the School of Pharmacy was established in May, 1917, by the Women's Organization of the Chicago Retail Druggists Association. The initial sum constituting the principal of the fund was $115.2-* Several donations to the University have been in the form either of annual prizes offered to the student body or of a sum of money, the income from which was to be offered each year as a prize. Captain W. C. Hazelton provided a medal in 1890 which is awarded annually, at a competitive drill held in May, to the best drilled student. The winner may wear the medal until the fifteenth day of the following May, when he must return it for the next competition. In 1898 Mr. William Jennings Bryan gave to the University the sum of $250, from the interest on which a prize of $25 is offered biennially for the best essay on the science of gov- ernment. The Champaign and Urbana lodge of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith has donated to the University the sum of $50 annually since 1912 to be awarded in prizes to students in the University for essays on Jewish subjects. Since 1913 the American Law Book Company of New York and Callaghan and Company of Chicago have each offered an annual prize of certain of their publications to students making the highest averages in the senior and second year classes respectively in the College of Law. The local chapter of Phi Beta Kappa offers annually a prize of $25 to that member of the chapter who at his graduation from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences gives evidence of the greatest promise as a scholar in the domain of liberal arts. In 1913 Mr. Joseph C. Llewellyn of Chicago, a graduate of the University of the class of 1877, established for a period of four years a prize of $50 per annum for a problem in de- sign, the competition being limited to students in architectural engineering. *Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 297 The Income of the University 39 For two years, 1912-13 and 1913-14, the Northwestern Terra Cotta Company of Chicago offered a prize of $50 to be awarded in a competition in architectural design involving the decora- tive use of terra cotta. Beginning with the class of 1915, the American Institute of Architects has offered a medal annually to the senior in the department of architecture whose development during the four years' course is the most consistent and best. The Scarab Society of the department of architecture has offered a bronze medal annually since 1915 to be awarded during the second semester to a student in architecture for the best solution of a problem in architectural design. The sum of $50 was received by the University in 1916 as a gift from Division One of the Ancient Order of Hiberians, to be awarded as a prize for the best essay written by an undergraduate or graduate student in the University on a subject connected with ancient Irish literature, history or archeology. It is hoped by the donors that a fund of $1000 may be established, from the interest of which the prize may be made permanent. At various times sums of money have been donated to the University for the purpose of establishing annual scholarships. In 1902 Professor R. L. Rea of the College of Medicine be- queathed $5,000 to the College for the establishment of four scholarships for the aid of needy students. The net amount received by the College after the payment of the inheritance tax and other fees was $4,800. This sum has been invested in mortgage bonds, the income from which is received by four students annually. The Northwestern Branch of the Woman's Foreign Mis- sionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church paid over to the College of Medicine in 1902 the sum of $2,000 for the establishment of two scholarships. In return the college agreed to allow the Society to appoint one student to each scholarship so long as the College continued to provide complete educa- tion for women. In case this condition should at any time cease to be maintained, the sum given was to be returned to the Society. Students appointed to these scholarships are exempt from the payment of tuition and similar fees. 40 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois In 1910 Mr. Francis J. Plym of Niles, Michigan, a graduate of the University of Illinois of the class of 1897, offered to the University the sum of $1,000 a year for the period of five years for the establishment of a fellowship for the ad- vanced study of architecture. The holder of the annual fel- lowship established in consequence of this gift is expected to spend the year in study and travel abroad. Although the proposed term of five years expired in 1914, Mr. Plym has con- tinued to contribute $1,000 annually for the maintenance of the fellowship. From the accumulated interest on two an- nual contributions which could not be used immediately be- cause of the European war, three prizes amounting to a total of $50 were offered in 1916-17, in accordance with the desire of Mr. Plym, for the best solutions to a problem in architec- tural design which might be presented by members of the junior class in architectural engineering. The gift of certain farm lands by Captain Thomas J. Smith of Champaign, already referred to, to provide funds from which a building might be erected for the School of Music, was accompanied by a request that four free scholarships in the School of Music should be granted annually to young women who might seek a musical education but who might be unable to pay the customary charges for instruction in music. Ac- cordingly, four such scholarships were established by the Board of Trustees and became available first in the fall of the year 1916. The Board of Trustees of the University were notified in June, 1916, that the Irish Fellowship Foundation of Chicago would guarantee a fund of $1200 for Gaelic research work in the University of Illinois for the year 1916-17. In conse- quence of this gift a Fellowship in Gaelic was established and an appointment made for that year. In 1919, Mr. Robert F. Carr, President of the Board of Trustees, gave the University securities worth $10,000 to endow the Eobert F. Carr Fellowship in Chemistry. For the years 1918-19 and 1919-20, the E. I. Du Pont de Nemours Company have given an annual stipendium of $750 for the Du Pont Fellowship in Chemistry. CHAPTER II LAND I. In 1867 Early in the legislative session of 1867 the General Assem- bly of Illinois passed an act in relation to the location of the Illinois Industrial University, a part of which act was as follows : "Whereas, Each portion of the state is alike interested in the proper location of said University, and it is desirable to enable the public spirit of each community or section to fully compete for such location; therefore "Section 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly, That any county, city, township, or incorporated town of said state, may, by taxation, as well as by voluntary subscription of its citizens, raise a fund to secure the location of said University at any point whatever; and any other corporation in this state may make bids and subscriptions for the purpose of securing said location at any point whatever.^ This act was approved January 25, 1867. Within a month the contest for the location of the University, which had nar- rowed to four counties, — Champaign, Logan, McLean and Morgan — was decided in favor of Champaign county; and on the 28th of Febuary an act was approved authorizing the appointment of a board of trustees and the permanent loca- tion of the University in that county so soon as the terms of the offer made to the state should be fulfilled. Section 12 of this act was as follows: "It shall be the duty of the board of trustees to permanently locate said University at Urbana in Champaign County, Illi- nois, whenever the county of Champaign shall, according to the proper forms of law, convey or cause to be conveyed to said trustees, in fee simple, and free from all incumbrances, the Urbana and Champaign Institute buildings, grounds, and ^Laws of lUinois, 1867, p. 122 41 42 Sixteen Years at tlie 'U7iiversit'y of Illinois lands, together with the appurtenances thereto belonging, as set forth in the following offer in behalf of said county, to-wit : ''The undersigned, a committee appointed by the board of supervisors of Champaign County, are instructed to make the following offer to the State of Illinois, in consideration of the permanent location of the Illinois Industrial University at Urbana, Champaign County, viz: We offer the Urbana and Champaign Institute buildings and grounds, containing about ten acres; also one hundred and sixty acres of land adjacent thereto; also, four hundred acres of land, it being part of section No. twenty-one, in township No, nineteen, north, range No. nine east, distant not exceeding one mile from the corpor- ate limits of the city of Urbana. "Also, four hundred and ten (410) acres of land, it being part of section No. nineteen, township No. nineteen north, range No. nine east, within one mile of the buildings herein offered, "Also, the donation offered by the Illinois Central Railroad Company of fifty thousand dollars' worth of freight over said road for the benefit of said University, "Also, one hundred thousand dollars in Champaign county bonds, due and payable in ten years, and bearing interest at the rate of ten per cent, per annum, and two thousand dollars in fruit, shade, and ornamental trees and shrubbery, to be selected from the nursery of M. L. Dunlap, and furnished at the lowest catalogue rates, making an estimated valuation of four hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($450,000). Titles to be perfect, and conveyances to the state to be made or caused to be made by the county of Champaign, upon the permanent location of the Illinois Industrial University upon the said grounds, so to be conveyed as aforesaid, and we hereby in our official capacity guarantee the payment of the said bonds and the faithful execution of the deeds of conveyance, free from all incumbrances, as herein set forth. W. D. SOMERS, T. A. COSGROVE, C. R. MOORHOUSE, Committee. ' '^ ^Session Laws of 111., 1867, p. 123 1 Land 43 It will be noticed that the land donated by Champaign County consisted of four separate tracts, amounting in all to about 980 acres. One of the first acts^ of the Board of Trustees was to purchase additional land adjoining that given by the county, thereby enlarging the campus, straightening the boundary lines, and joining the 160 acre tract to the plot on which the chief building of the University stood. By the end of the year 1867 the majority of the various purchases called for by this plan had been consummated. The ''Urbana and Champaign Institute grounds containing about ten acres," specified in the offer of the county to the legislature, were found to contain somewhat less than seven and a half acres. At a meeting of the executive committee of the Trustees of the University held June 14, 1867, it was ''Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee that Champaign county should make good its offer to the State by conveying sufficient grounds contiguous to the University to make up the size of the ground to ten acres. ' '* On the same day a committee from the Board of Supervisors of the county reported to the execu- tive committee of the Trustees that the Supervisors had author- ized the conveyance to the University of ten lots adjacent to the campus and owned by the county.^ The program of campus enlargement included also the pur- chase of a tier of lots to the west of the Institute grounds, and the moving of Wright Street about sixty-six feet westward. The land formerly occupied by Wright Street thus became part of the campus.6 tj^^ ^gg^ fourteen feet of this land, however, was added to Wright Street, giving that street a width of eighty feet. In all, during the year 1867, twenty-two lots were pur- chased, as well as nearly all of a forty-acre tract of land" forty rods in width from east to west extending one hundred sixty rods southward from Springfield Avenue to the 160 acre ^Eept. Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 42 *Rept. Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 136 '^E^pt. Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 139 «E€pt. Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 98; also Controller's Eept., Univ. of 111., Sept. 2, 1913, pp. 86-7 'Eept. Univ. of 111., 1868, pp. 140-2 44 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois JUNIVEPJ [SITVI r rn □HfEnna pnA| iMPAil [gn~| \crr\r | m:^: \U]^~B\KW]fi, I □ The Campus in 1870 Land 45 tract already owned by the University. Among the lots pur- chased at this time were tliose lying between the Institute grounds and Springfield Avenue.^ So much of White and Stoughton Streets as crossed this portion of the campus was vacated by the city of Urbana, as also were the alleys run- ning thru blocks 52 and 53, in accordance with a special Act of the General Assembly.^ The city of Urbana was permitted however, to extend Green Street across the campus. ^^ By the end of the year 1867, therefore, the University property extended continuously — except as it was crossed by Spring- field Avenue, and by Green Street — from University Avenue to the south line of the 160 acre farm.^^ South of this farm was the Mount Hope Cemetery, and beyond the cemetery was the so-called South Farm of the University, comprising 410 acres. The 400 acre tract, known as the Griggs farm, was a mile east of the South Farm. The total amount of land possessed by the University at this time amounted to about 1017.97 acres, ^^ ^nd was valued at approximately $123,270. The accompanying map of the University grounds, re- printed from the University Trustees' Eeport for 1870-71,^^ p. 17, shows the grounds practically as they were at the end of the first year of the University's existence — only three addi- tional lots having been purchased between the years 1867 and 1871. The Griggs farm of 400 acres does not appear upon the map. The detailed legal description of the lands acquired by the University at various times will be found at the end of this chapter. The following is a summary of the lands acquired during the year 1867. The figures in the column headed "Item" refer to the legal description of the property at the end of the chapter. ^Rept. Univ. of 111., 1868, pp. 117-19 ^Rept. Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 138; Private Laws of 111., 1869, Vol. II, 300 "Eept. Univ. of 111., 1868, pp. 138-42 "Comptroller's Kept., Univ. of 111., Sept. 22, 1913, pp. 86-7 '=Cf. Eept., Univ. of 111., 1870-71, pp. 16-18 "Ibid 46 Sixteen 'Years at the University' of Illinois LANDS ACQUIRED IN 1867 City Property in Urbana and Champaign Item 1 Acres | Cost^ 1 7.4 $40,000 8 5.2 5,100 9 .2 300 10 .2 300 11 .2 150 12 .2 560 13 .2 300 14 .4 500 15 36.6 7,500 16 .2 750 17 .4 600 Total 51.2 $56,060 Farm Land^ at Urbana and Champaign Item 1 Acres 1 Cost^ 2 53.65 $ 5,300 3 21 2,210 4 7 1,000 5 80 6,000 6 405.12 28,700 7 Total 400 24,000 966.77 $67,210 SUMMAEY Acres 1 Cost^ City Property Acquired in 1867 Farm Property " " " Total Property " " " 51.2 966.77 $ 56,060 67,210 1017.97 $123,270 II. Feom 1868 TO 1904 During the thirty-seven years from 1868 to 1904 no large additions were made to the campus proper, and no additions were made to the acreage of the farm lands. The most important acquisition was that of nearly the en- tire tier of lots, 198 feet deep (from east to west), lying east of that portion of the campus which extended from Springfield Avenue to the north line of the "160 acre farm." Mathews Avenue was opened as far south as this line and thus became ^Estimated value if donated -Of the farm land, items numbered 3, 4 and 5 are now within the cor- porate limits of the city of Urbana, and the north 80 rods of item 2, embracing 40 acres, are within the limits of the City of Champaign. Land 47 the eastern border of the campus for approximately 160 rods. These lots amounted in all to about 11 acres. Of these, 4i/^ acres were purchased in 1886, 6% acres in 1894, and about a fourth of an acre in 1903.^^ About 20 lots near the right of way of the railroad com- pany, which had not been secured when the 40 acre tract was purchased in 1867, were acquired at intervals during the years from 1869 to 1904. These amounted to about four acres. ^^ The sale of the Griggs farm of 400 acres was considered by the Trustees of the University as early as 1867. At a meet- ing of the executive committee held June 14 of that year a motion was carried providing that a committee be instructed "to obtain offers for the Griggs farm, or some part thereof, and report at the next meeting of the executive committee, "i*^ The proposition to sell the farm was voted down on two oc- casions by the Board as a whole — November 27, 1867, and March 11, 18681'^— but in 1872 eighty acres of the farm were sold;is in 1878, one hundred and sixty acres ;i'^ and the remain- ing one hundred and sixty acres were sold in 1896.20 In 1896 the transfer of the Chicago College of Pharmacy to the University resulted in the acquisition by the University of three parcels of land in Chicago, having an aggregate area of between two and three acres.^o By 1904, therefore, the domain of the University comprised about 635 acres. The general outline of the campus had changed very little from its form in 1867, the most noticeable change being the increase of 198 feet in the width of the main campus as already described. But the sale of the "Griggs farm ' ' had reduced the farm lands belonging to the University by 400 acres. "Comptroller's Sept., Univ. of 111., Sept. 22, 1913, pp. 87-88 ^^Ibirl "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1868, p. 1-11 "Ibid, pp. 102,. 133 ^^Bept., Univ. of 111., 1872-3, p. 136 "From Eecords of Champaign County ^"Rept. Univ. of 111., 1896, p. 241; Comptroller's Eeport, Univ. of 111.,. September 22, 1913, p. 92 48 Sixteen Years at the TJniversity of Illinois LAND ACQUIEED FROM 1868 TO 1904 City Property in Urbana and Champaign Item 1 Acres 1 Cost^ 18 .4 $ 400 19 .2 200 20 .2 150 21 .89 450 22 .2 150 23 2.2 830 24 6.3 4,500 25 .38 3,700 26 .3 4,800 27 1.1 7,000 28 .27 5,500 29 .81 Total 13.28 $27,680 City Property Chicago in Item 1 Acres Cost^ 30 2.64 $2,300 SUMMAEY Acres Cost^ City property acquired in 1867 " " " " 1868-1904 Farm property acquired in 1867 " " 1868-1904 Total Less Sales Net Total— 1904 51.2 15.92 966.77 $ 56,060 29,980 67,210 1,033.89 400.2 $153,250 24,200 633.69 $129,050 ^Estimated value, if donated "Comptroller's Eeport, U, of 111., 1913, p. 88 III. From 1904 TO 1920 During the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920 substantial additions were made both to the campus proper and to the farm lands occupied by the University. In 1905 t"svo lots on the west side of Mathews Avenue and north of Green Street were purchased.^i Three lots at the a^ronottu} Greenhouse Qs'ronomjf'Barn ano Implement Home Stock Vavi/ion Cattle l^orns Land 49 southwest corner of Mathews and Springfield Avenues were purchased in 1916. These two purchases completed the owner- ship by the University of the entire block of land bounded by Mathews, Springfield and Burrill Avenues and Green Street.22 In 1911 and 1912 eight lots east of Mathews Avenue were purchased,2i comprising a tract of land extending from Mathews Avenue thru to Goodwin Avenue and from the street railway south to the creek. Nearly three acres were included in this purchase. In 1913-14 thirteen lots lying east of the last mentioned tract were purchased, comprising about three acres.2i Three additional lots adjacent to these thirteen were purchased in 1915.23 The land embraced in these two tracts was acquired for the use of various departments of the College of Engineering. During the year 1913-14 the University purchased also six lots in the block bounded by Mathews, Stoughton, Goodwin and Springfield Avenues.^^ Upon this land a building for the School of Education has been erected. During the same year a tract of ten acres within the limits of the City of Champaign, extending from First Street to the Illinois Central Railroad, was purchased and assigned to the Department of Botany.^^ Two lots also were purchased in 1914 at the southeast corner of Springfield and Mathews Avenues as a site for the botany greenhouses. ^'^ Another block in Champaign, adjoining the campus and bounded by Wright, Healy and Sixth Streets and the interurban right of way, was purchased in 1914 as a site for a laboratory, a pond and an insectary for the Department of Zoology.^'^ The Vivarium has already been erected upon this tract. In 1914-15 three lots on Nevada Street in Urbana were purchased as a site for a Women's Residence Hall.^'^ ^Min. of Bd. of Trustees, U. of 111., 1916-18, pp. 124, 136 "'Eept., U. of HI., 1916, p. 768 ^^Comptroller 's Eeport, 1914, pp. 51-5.^ ^^Comptroller 's Eeport, Univ. of 111., 1914, pp. 51-52 ^^Comptroller 's Eeport, Univ. of 111., 1915, p. 76 ^'■Eept., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 753 50 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois In 1917, three lots having a total frontage of 180 feet on Nevada Street between Goodwin and Mathews Avenues, Urbana, were purchased, and a residence upon one of these lots was assigned temporarily as the President's House, the former official residence of the President having been given over to other uses. It is the intention to use these lots in the future as a site for another residence hall for women students.^s A lot on Sixth Street, Champaign, directly west of the Ad- ministration Building was purchased in 1917 to serve as a site for a University Press building which should house the courses in Journalism, the print shop, the office of the University pub- lications, and the University Press. ^^ In 1907 a farm of 40 acres was purchased and another of 40 acres in 1911.^^ These two purchases gave the University possession of all of section 19 except the south half of the two south quarters. In 1913-14 five tracts of farm land were pur- chased, containing respectively 13, 160, 40, 80 and 40 acres — a total of 333 acres.^^ The 13 acre tract lies east of the ceme- tery and therefore unites the so-called South Farm with the 160 acre tract given the University in 1867. The other four purchases constitute the west half of Section 20 and therefore are east of and contiguous to the South Farm. Between September, 1917, and April, 1918, the University purchased as a site for the new McKinley student hospital a group of six lots which include the entire frontage on Armory Avenue between Third and Arbor Streets to a depth of 174 feet. Also a lot on Stoughton Street was added to the Educa- tion Building site, and two pieces of tenant property on Har- vey Street were purchased.^^ In 1915 three tracts of farm land comprising a total of thirty-two and a half acres lying south of the City of Cham- paign, west of Fourth Street, were purchased by the Univer- sity.^2 The University purchased in 1916 a farm of 84 acres directly west of the original ''South Farm. "^3 ■'Min., Bd. of Trustees, U. of 111., 1916-18, pp. 239, 252, 340, 345 ■'Min., Bd. of Trustees, U. of 111., 1916-18, pp. 333, 512 '"Comptroller's Report, U. of 111., 1914, pp. 51-52 "Comptroller's Report, U. of 111., 1918, pp. 91-92 ■^Eept., Univ. of 111., 1916, p. 779 '^Min. of Bd. of Trustees, U. of 111., 1916-18, pp. 137, 180 Land 51 In the summer of 1917 forty acres of woodland three and a half miles northeast of Urbana were purchased by the Univer- sity, to serve as a natural history preserve for the especial use of the departments of botany, entomology and zoology .^^ In 1919, 20 acres immediately north of this tract were purchased and added to it. The total cost of the 48 city lots in Urbana and the two un- divided blocks in Champaign purchased during the sixteen years, amounting in all to about 23.17 acres, was $227,722.33. The cost of the 569.35 acres of farm land amounted to a total of $404,555.46. In 1913, alumni of the Medical School of the University, together with other friends of medical education, secured and donated to the University the entire stock of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago. The acceptance of this, stock brought to the University the property of that College,, including the land occupied, amounting to a total of about 1.3 acres." 5 The value of this land was estimated at $60,000' by a committee of the Chicago Real Estate Board in June, 1913.36 In 1914-15 the so-called "acre property" in Chicago, a part of the land acquired with the School of Pharmacy in 1896, was sold. This tract contained about two and a half acres.^^ In 1915 three adjoining pieces of property in Chicago in the vicinity of the Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry of the University of Illinois, were purchased as a site for the School of Pharmacy .38 In 1917 four lots near those of the School of Pharmacy were purchased as an addition to the Chicago campus.^^ In addition to the lands occupied by the University at Urbana and in its vicinity, a large number of tracts of farm land in various parts of the state are used by the Agricultural «*Ibid. pp. 95, 333, 412 »=Kept., Univ. of 111., 1914, pp. 172-4, 204 '«E€pt., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 257 «'Eept., Univ. of 111., 1916, p. 190 ^«Ibid, p. 861 '"Comptroller's Eeport, Univ. of 111., 1918, p. 92-93, Tract No. 105, 106 Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 240 52 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois Experiment Station of the University as experiment fields. The General Assembly of 1901 appropriated $20,000 for soil investi- gation. This amount has been increased by subsequent legis- latures. Fifty thousand dollars was appropriated in 1903, in 1905, and in 1907 ; $120,000 in 1909 and $130,000 in 1911. Sev- eral experiment fields were established in 1901, and within six years twenty fields were occupied. At first such tracts of land were rented for a term of years ; but since 1905 many fields have come into the possession of the University by gift or by purchase, chiefly by the former method. At the present time thirty fields are owned by the Uni- versity. Two of these, comprising a total of 105.33 acres, have been purchased. The cost of the two fields was $6,675, an average of $63.37 per acre. Twenty-eight fields with a total area of 608.39 acres have been donated to the University. The approximate value of this land is $87,772, or about $145 an acre. During the past sixteen years, therefore, the University has acquired for experiment fields, outside of its holdings at Urbana, thirty tracts of land containing 713.72 acres and a total value of $94,447.4'^ Twenty leased fields are still occupied also, having a com- bined area of 349.95 acres. The sum paid as rental for these tracts amounts to $2,683.10 a year. The list of the leased fields is as follows r^i LOCATION Anna Antioch Bloomington CarlinviLIe Centralia LOCATION Champaign Cutler Do Kalb Dubois Fairfield ACRES ANNUAL RENTAL 2 $20.00 1.7 8.50 4.4 60.00 20 00.00 16 * ACRES ANNUAL RENTAL 80 $1,000.00 18.5 117.60 36.25 290.00 5 25.00 20 100.00 ^oComptroller 's Report, Univ. of 111., 1913, pp. 89ff, 1914, pp. 52-53; Corrected 1920 "Kept.. Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 742 (list corrected 1920) *0u a half -crop basis Land 53 , '"" 1 r:r" JO dAVlESS STEPHENSON I WINNEBAGO I § | „„„^„,^ | ,^^j „ I KANKAKEE ! LIVINGSTON I E ^c E B Ktu/imt It- 1 ^ I '^ " ■= ^ " 2j 1 ^Utnam -, I FSTARK I "^!i«<^ MARSHALL | »"'"*" KNOX^ ^-7 Li WARREN I / nimnK * I PEORIA/ WOODFORD i 1 1 ( ♦ iMcDONOUGHI FULTON / TA2EWELL u c L E A N ^°'^° L ) HANCOCK /■ 1 j^ I .. t - I I / I I Bt-oonincroN y MASON r, » I 7 1 -1 SCHUYLER '—;=r ^ r^T'" ' OEWITT / CHAMPAIGN N^nMiUON I CL/JITO/V j.^ 1 /< ,^-(''^^"''1 LOGAN (' CHAMMIGN | ADAMS I \_J^ ^""^ MENARD I I f \ui>aillj^ \ -l MORGAN SANGAMON [.-^ j" ( DOUGLAS f^ j Tt'^ \ pT U ^0ULT»X| H EDGAR I "-—I J 1 1 CHRISTIAN '"1 COLES J \ I GREENE C,f/.tnnjjfUj I ^"'" ♦l S H E L B V 1— ^— 1 Sol _(-j MACOUPIN ' MONTGOMERY 1 pUMB^RLANDI U|P ' I I r^ 1 1 roLta o I )g\ JERSEY [ I ( Z\ EFFINGHAM , , _i.pj FAYETTE I JASPER \ yL PmOT^it '♦L BOND I L^_J J^— V |fc0Ri?J PIKE \SC0TT RANDOLPH D^BoiJ I JEFFERSON I "'"""O £ ■1 ^^^^ <^ I PERRY Y^Zilt\ ^ I WHITE / FRANKLIN |^ I^Jf,^ I \rjiicITh I I WILLIAMSON SALINE GALUATIn) ■Jk Soil and Crop Fields • Orchards ■ VCOCTABLC Garocn? Agricultural Experiment Fields, 1920 20 100.00 15 60.00 25 200.00 15 75.00 6 36.00 20 100.00 10 120.00 20 200.00 4 60.00 11.1 111.00 54 Sixteen Year's at the University of Illinois Fairfield Flora Galesburg Louisville McNabb Odin Eockford Union Grove Urbana Virginia Total 349.95 $2,683.10 Various crops are grown on each of the soil experiment fields, and in several cases for the special purpose of crop experiments. Some of the experiment fields are operated pri- marily for crop investigation. Six others are under the direc- tion of the Department of Horticulture. One field, in addi- tion to those already mentioned, is operated by the department of Horticulture under a cooperative agreement. This is an orchard at Neoga, containing 40 acres, which has been under the direction of the department since 1911. On June 8, 1914, Captain Thomas J. Smith of Champaign, a former trustee of the University, announced to the Board of Trustees his intention to donate four farms containing an ag- gregate of 768.19 acres and valued at approximately $215,000 to the University for the purpose of providing funds for the erection of a building for the School of Music as a memorial to his wife. In the course of the next three months the transfer of this property to the University was completed. The trustees assigned a site immediately east of the Auditorium for the building, which is known as the Tina Weedon Smith Memorial Building, plans were prepared for the structure, and work was commenced in the fall of 1916 and completed in 1920. This gift represents the largest single donation thus far made by an individual to the University.^^ One of the four farms, contain- ing 214 acres, was sold in August, 1917. The other three farms have since been sold."*^ "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 755; 1916, pp. 120-123, 137-141 "Min. of Bd. of Trustees, Uuiv. of 111., 1916-18, pp. 123, 136, 512; 1918-20, pp. 86, 214, 292, 294, 408. Land 55 LAND ACQUIRED BY THE UNIVEESITY, 1904-20 City Property in Urbana and Champaign Item 1 Acres Cost^ 31 1.1 $15,000.00 34 .3 2,500.00 35 .19 5,600.00 36 .5 1,800.00 37 .2 4,350.00 38 .4 4,450.00 39 .27 6,450.00 40 .78 10.800.00 41 .4 5,000.00 42 .4 11,000.00 43 .2 3,500.00 44 .2 2,600.00 45 .15 3,000.00 46 .85 4,450.00 47 .12 1,500.00 48 .2 3,500.00 49 .2 1,450.00 50 2 1,800.00 51 .15 5,000.00 52 .15 6,800.00 53 .15 4,800.00 54 .15 2,500.00 55 .15 2,850.00 56 .15 2,600.00 57 1.16 14,000.00 63 10 7,705.81 64 .4 10,000.00 65 .22 3,601.59 66 .22 3,601.59 67 .22 3,601.60 68 .6 10,116.88 70 .6 12,000.00 72 .12 1,400.00 73 .24 16,500.00 74 .24 3,869.00 76 .34 6,500.00 77 .28 3,639.14 78 .31 6,005.38 79 .31 6,231.34 80 .15 3,250.00 81 Total .2 23.17 2,400.00 $227,722.33 Farm Land at Urbana and Champaign Item 1 Acres 1 Cost^ 32 40 $12,000.00 33 40 20,000.00 58 13- 20,481.33 59 160 160,000.00 60 40 24,000.00 61 80 48,000.00 62 40 24,074.13 69 32.35 50,000.00 71 84 34,000.00 75 40 12,000.00 75a Total 20 6,000.00 589.35 $410,555.46 City Property in Chicago Item Acres Cost^ 82 1.16 $60,000.00 83 .21 16,100.00 84 .14 9,000.00 85 .21 10,000.00 86 .17 16,676.67 87 .13 14,248.33 87a .07 1,337.50 87b Total .07 2.16 1,800.00 $129,162.50 ^Estimated value, if donated 56 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Experiment Fields Tliruout Illinois Item 1 Acres 1 Cost^ 88 16 $ 320 89 15 750 90 20 1,000 91 86 4,875 92 15 3,000 93 20 4,'000 94 20 6,500 95 20 3,500 96 20 4,000 97 19.33 1,800 98 21.41 4,282 99 20 4,000 100 20 3,000 101 25 1,800 102 20 1,500 103 30 1,800 104 29.31 3,000 105 20 4,500 106 20 1,500 107 24 1,920 108 20 6,500 109 17 1,600 110 20 500 111 17.09 4,000 112 31 8,000 113 20 5,000 114 20 3,000 115 32.58 1,300 116 40 6,000 116a Total 15 1,500 713.72 $94,447 Lands donated by Captain Thomas J. Smith to provide funds for Music Building Item Acres Estimated Value 117 118 119 120 240 $54,000 214 53,000 234.19 72,000 80 36,000 Total 768.19 $215,000 ^Estimated value, if donated Land 57 Summary of Land Acquired by the University During the Past Fifty Years: (1) About 981 acres valued at $110,710 were donated to the University by Champaign County to secure its location in that county in 1867. During the year 1867 the Board of Trustees purchased sufficient land to bring the total up to about 1017.97 acres. For this purpose $16,060 was expended. The total value of the land owned by the University by the end of the year 1867 was therefore approximately $123,270. (2) During the thirty-seven years from 1868 to 1904 the University acquired about 16 acres of city property, of which it sold .2 acres, as well as 400 acres of farm land. Its domain, therefore, comprised about 633.19 acres in 1904. Twenty-nine thousand, nine hundred and eighty dollars had been expended for land, and land originally valued at $24,200 had been sold. The net increase in the value of the University holdings on the basis of their original cost was, therefore, $5,780; and the total value of the University lands in 1904 on this basi& was $129,050. (3) During the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920, the Uni- versity bought 23.17 acres of city property in Urbana and Champaign at a total cost of $227,722.33, and 589.35 acres of farm land in the vicinity of the two cities at a cost of $410,- 555.46— a total of 592.52 acres at a cost of $638,277.79. In addi- tion, thirty experiment fields located in various sections of the state were acquired by gift or by purchase, containing a total area of 713.72 acres, and having a combined value of $94,447. Two and a half acres of city property in Chicago, originally valued at about $1,900, were sold; but other prop- erty in that city, amounting to 2.02 acres and having a value of approximately $129,162.50 was acquired. In 1914 four farms having a total area of about 768.19 acres and valued at ap- proximately $215,000 were donated to the University, from the sale of which funds should be provided for a building for the School of Music. The total net area added to the domain of the University during this period (excluding the T. J. Smith land to be sold) was 1,328.26 acres — an increase of 217 per cent over the num- 58 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois ber of acres owned by the University in 1904. The value of the land so added was $861,887.29, or nearly six and a half times the original cost of all the land owned by the University in 1904. On June 30, 1920, the University possessed land amounting to 1,959,45 acres and having a value, on the basis of its original cost, of $987,437.29. The actual value at that date was, of course, much greater. SUMMAEY OF PEOPERTY 1867-1920 1867 Acres Cost City property Urbana-Champaign 51.2 $ 56,060 Farm property 966.77 67,210 Total 1017.97 $ 123,270 1868-1904 City property Urbana-Champaigu 13.28 $ 27,680 Chicago 2.64 2,300 Farm property Total 15.92 $ 29,980 1904-1920 City property Urbana-Champaign 23.17 $ 227,722.33 Chicago 2.02 129,162.50 Farm property Urbana-Champaign 589.35 410,555.46 Experiment fields 713.72 94,447.00 Total 1,328.26 $ 861,887.29 TOTAL 2,362.15 $1,015,137.29 Less Sales 402.7 27,700.00 NET TOTAL— 1920 >1,959.45 $ 987,437.29 *By deducting 1.6 acres of Urbana-Champaign property which has been converted into streets the total acreage in 1920 becomes 1,957.85. ^ of S E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N., R 9 E of 3d P. M., running thence S 28 rods, thence W 40 rods, thence N 28 rods, thence E 40 rods to the place of beginning, containing 7 acres, situated in Urbana, in the County of Champaign and State of Illinois. 7 acres, $1,000.-^^ 5. (5) 1867. N 1/2 of S E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp. 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., 80 acres, $6,000.^^ 6. (4) 1867. N W 14 ; N 1/2 S W 14 ; S 1/2 of N E 1^ ; N W 14 of S E 14 ; and N E 1/4 of N E 1/4 all in Sec 19, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., containing 410 acres. It being understood that a strip 4 rods and 20 links wide off the W side of S I/2 of Lot 2 of N W 14 and a strip of like width off the W side of NI/2 of Lot 2 of the S W I/4 of said Sec. 19, containing 4.88, is excepted from this conveyance. 405.12 acres, $28,700.^^ 7. 1867. S 1/2 ; and S 1/2 N E i/i ; both in Sec 21, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, 3d P. M. 400 acres, $24,000.40 8. (6) 1867. Lots No 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 in block 53, Seminary addition to Urbana.'*'^ Also Lots No 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 in block 52, and Lots 1 and 12 in block 53, Seminary addition to Urbana. 5.2 acres, $5,100. 9. (1) 1867. Lot 139 of a Subdivision of the S part of Lot 1 of S W 1/4 of Sec 7 in Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., City of Champaign, County of Champaign, and State of Illinois. .2 acres (Street), $300. ^'Donated by Champaign County; estimated value ^•^Donated by Champaign County; estimated value Land 61 10. (8) 1867. Lot 174 of a Subdivision of the S part of Lot 1 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 1, Twp 19 N, R 9 E. .2 acres (Street), $300. 11. (9) 1867. Lot 208 of a Subdivision of the S part of Lot 1 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 7, T\vp 19 N, R 9 E, of 3d P. M. .2 acres (Street), $150. 12. (10) 1867. Lot 7 in Block 52 of the Seminary addition to Urbana, as per plot of said addition recorded in said County of Champaign. .2 acres, $560. 13. (11) 1867. Lot 173 of a Subdivision of the S part of Lot 1 of the S W 1^ of Sec 7, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, now comprising a portion of the City of Champaign. .2 acres (Street), $300. 14. (12) 1867. Lots 206 and 207 of Subdivision of S part of Lot 1, S W 1/4 of Sec 7, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, 3d P. M. .4 acres (Lot 207 street), $500. 15. (14-A) 1867. The W 1/2 of the W 1/2 of the N E 1/4 of Sec 18 in Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., save and except the following tracts or pieces of land, to- wit: Commencing at a point 1 chain and 78 links E of the N W corner of above described tract, thence E 2 chains; thence S 2 chains and 50 links ; thence W 2 chains ; thence N 2 chains and 50 links to a point of beginning; also Lots 1, 2 and W 1/2 of 3 in block 10; also Lots 1, 5, and 6 in block 11 ; also Lots 1, 5 and 6 in block 12— also the Right of Way of the Urbana Railroad Company across the N end of tract of land first above described as per plat of Urbana Railroad Company duly surveyed and recorded in office of Recorder of Deeds in the County of Champaign and State aforesaid; said exceptions aforesaid comprising a part or portion of land off the N end of said forty acres first above described. 36.6 acres, $7,500. 16. (15)1867. Lot 4 of block 52 of the Seminary addition to Urbana. .2 acres, $750. 17. (16) 1867. Lots 105 and 106 of a Subdivision of Lot 1, S W 1/4 of Sec 7, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M. .4 acres (Street) $600. 18. (17) 1869. Lots 5 and 6 in Block 11 in the "Urbana Railroad Company's Addition" to the City of Urbana, as ap- pears from the Record of said plat or addition in Record ''R" 62 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois of Deeds at page 800 of the Records of said County, the said lots being on the N end of the W 1/2 of the N W 14 of the N E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, 3d P. M. Said Lots 5 and 6 being bounded on the N by the Springfield road, on the S by the Urbana Street Railroad, and on the E and W by University Land. .4 acres, $400, 19. (18) 1871. Lot 140 of a Subdivision of Lot 1 in the S W 1/4 of Sec 7, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, of 3d P. M. .2 acres (Street) $200. 20. (19) 1880. 34 ft. off the W side of Lot 5 in Block 12 in Urbana Railroad Addition to the City of Urbana, Illinois. Also the W 1/^ of Lot 3 in Block 10 in the Urbana Railroad Addition to the City of Urbana, Illinois. .2 acres, $150. 21. (20) 1883. E 1/2 of Lot 5 and all of Lot 6, Block 12, and Lots 1 and 2 in Block 10 and a strip of land 66 ft. E and W by 132 ft. N and S, formerly reserved for a street between said blocks 10 and 12, described as follows: Beginning at the N E corner said Lot 6 in block 12 ; thence E 66 ft. ; thence S 132 ft.; thence W 66 ft. and thence N 132 ft. to place of beginning; all said lots and tracts of land being in what is sometimes called the Urbana Railroad Addition to the City of Urbana, as the same is recorded in Book ' ' R, " page 800, of the Record of Champaign County, Illinois. .89 acres, $450. 22. (21) 1885. Beginning 310 links S and 75 links E of the N W corner of the N W 14 of the N E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M. and running S 2 chains ; thence E 1 chain ; thence N 2 chains ; thence W 1 chain to the place of be- ginning. .2 acres, $150. 23. (22) 1886. Lots 12, 13, 18 and 19 of Joseph Nelson's addition to the City of Urbana. 2.2 acres, $830. 24. (23) 1894. Commencing at a stone at the S W corner of the E 1/2 of S W 14 of N E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., running thence N to a stone at the N W corner of the E 1/2 of S W 14 of N E 1/4, Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., running thence E 201 ft. and 6 in. to a point which would be on the W line of Mathews Ave (formerly Nelson Avenue) extended S from the point where said Avenue is now open to the point of the S line of said E I/2 of S W i/4 of 1 I Land 63 N E 14 of said Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., running thence S along the said extended W line of Mathews Avenue to the S line of E 1/2 of S W 1/4 of N E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., thence W to the place of beginning, being 6-1/3 acres, more or less, being situated in the County of Cham- paign in the State of Illinois. 6.33 -f- acres, $4,500. 25. (24) 1901. Beginning I471/2 ft. E of N W corner of N W 14 of N E i/i of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., and running thence E 100 ft. ; thence S 165 ft. ; thence W 100 ft.; thence N 165 ft. to a place of beginning. .38 acres, $3,700. 26. (25) 1901. Beginning at a point 66 ft. E of the N W corner of the N W 14 of the N E i^ of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., and running thence E 8II/2 ft. ; thence S 165 ft. ; thence W 811/2 ft. ; thence N 165 ft. to a place of be- ginning. .3 acres, $4,800. 27. (26) 1903. Commencing at a point 205 ft. S of the N W corner of the E 1/2 of N W i^, N E 14 Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., thence E 198 ft., thence S 268.80 ft., thence W along the creek to a point in the W line of said EI/2 of N W 1/4 of N E 1/4 of said Sec 18, 249 ft. S of place of beginning, thence N on said line to beginning excepting a piece of land de- scribed as follows: Commencing at a point 344 ft. S of N W corner of said E 1/2 of N W i/4 of N E i^ of said Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, thence E 198 ft., thence S 60 ft., thence W 198 ft., thence N to a place of beginning, with right of way 10 ft. wide off S side of property on N adjoining. Said land above described being Lot 3 of Subdivision of said E 1/2 of N W 14 of N E 14, as shown by a plat recorded in Book 10, of Deeds, at page 642 (Goodwin's 2d Addition to Urbana). 1.1 acres, $7,000. 28. (28) 1903. Commencing 344 ft. S of N W corner of E 1/2 of N W 14 of N E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., thence E 198 ft., thence S 60 ft., thence W 198 ft., thence N to the point of commencing, with right of way 10 ft. wide off S side of property on the N adjoining. .27 acres, $5,500. 29. (14-B) 1903. A strip of ground forty feet wide and extending from Wright Street in Champaign E to what is known as Nelson or Mathews Avenue in Urbana and located in the N W 1/4 of the N E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M. .81 acres, Gift. 64 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois II. In Chicago, 1868-1904 30. (36) 1896. W 1/2 of E 1/2 of N W i^ of N E 14 of Sec 12, Twp 38 N, R 13 E of 3d P. M. ; also lots 4 and 5 in block 5 of McBride, Spencer and Underwood's Subdivision E of Archer Avenue, in EI/2 of N W 14 of Sec 1, Twp 38 N, 1113 E of 3d P. M. 2.64 acres, $2,300.^7 III. Lands Acquired at Urbana and Champaign From 1904-20 31. (27) 1905. Lots 4 and 5 of Joseph Nelson's Addition to the City of Urbana in the County of Champaign, State of Illi- nois. 1.1 acres, $15,000. 32. (30) 1907. The N W 14 of the N E 1/4 of Sec 19, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M. 40 acres, $12,000. 33. (46) 1911. N E 1/4 of S E 1^ of Sec 19, Twp 19 N, H 9 E of 3d P. M., containing 40 acres more or less. 40 acres, $20,000. 34. (51) 1911. Beginning 8 rods S of N E corner of Lot 1 of Wm. M. Goodwin's Second Addition to Urbana, thence "W 8 rods, thence S 100 ft., thence E 8 rods, thence N 100 ft. to the place of beginning. .3 acres, $2,500. 35. (52) 1911. Commencing at a point 232 ft. S of N E corner of Lot 1 of Wm. M. Goodwin's Second Addition to Ur- bana, thence W 8 rods, thence S 65 ft., thence E 8 rods, thence N 65 ft. to the place of beginning. .19 acres, $5,600. 36. (47) 1911. Beginning at a point 8 rods S and 8 rods W of N E corner of Lot 1 of Wm. M. Goodwin's Second Addi- tion to the town (now city) of Urbana and running along W 8 rods, thence S 10 rods, thence E 8 rods, thence N 10 rods to the place of beginning, containing I/2 ^cre more or less. .50 acres, $1,800. 37. (48) 1911. Beginning 126 ft. S of N W corner of Lot 2 in Wm. M. Goodwin's Second Addition to the City of Urbana, thence E 2 chains, thence S 66 ft., thence W 2 chains, thence N 66 ft. to the place of beginning, situated in the City of Urbana and County of Champaign. .2 acres, $4,350. ^'Estimated value. See Comptroller's Report, 191.^, p. &2 cAnimal Husbandry FeedinglBams Animal Husbandry Siios^ Land 65 38. (49) 1911. Beginning at the N E corner of Lot 1 of Wm. M. Goodwin's Second Addition to Urbana, running thence S 8 rods, thence W 8 rods, thence N 8 rods, thence E 8 rods to the place of beginning, situated in the City of Urbana and County of Champaign. .4 acres, $4,450. 39. (50) 1911. Beginning 192 ft. S of N W corner of Lot 2 in W. M. Goodwin's Second Addition to the City of Urbana, thence E 2 chains, thence S 95.76 ft., thence W 2 chains, and from thence N 82.56 ft. to the place of beginning, situated in the City of Urbana, in the County of Champaign and in the State of Illinois. ■ Also all right and title to 7 ft. and 2 inches off the E side of Mathews Ave. contiguous upon the "W to the above described premises as released by ordinance adopted by the City Council of the City of Urbana, May 2, 1910, and ap- proved by the Mayor of the said City, May 3, 1910. .27 acres, $6,450. 40. (56) 1912. The N 8 rods of the W 8 rods of Lot 1, and the N 126 ft. of Lot 2, and 7 ft. and 2 inches off the E side of Mathews Ave. where the said Ave. is contiguous to said above described premises, all in "William M. Goodwin's Second Addi- tion to Urbana, Illinois. .78 acres, $10,800. 41. (62) 1913. Lot 4 in William M. Goodwin's Addition to the City of Urbana, Illinois, situated in the City of Urbana, Illinois, County of Champaign, State of Illinois. .4 acres, $5,000. 42. (65) 1913. Lot 3 and the W 1/2 of Lot 2 in William M. Goodwin's Addition to the City of Urbana, Illinois. .4 acres, $11,000. 43. (63) 1913. Lot 4 in Block 6 in the Urbana Kailroad Company's Addition to Urbana. .2 acres, $3,500. 44. (64) 1913. All of lot 5 in Block 6 in the Urbana Rail- road Company's Addition to Urbana except by the E 1 foot thereof. .2 acres, $2,600. 45. (76) 1913. The N 115 ft. of Lot 6 and the E 1 foot of Lot 5 in Block 6 in the Urbana Railroad Company's Addition to Urbana. .15 acres, $3,000. 46. (66) 1913. The E 1/2 of the S 60 ft. of the N 1241/2 ft. of Lot 2 of William M. Goodwin's 1st Addition to Urbana. The N 591/2 ft. of the S II91/2 ft. of Lot 1 in William M. Goodwin's Addition to Urbana. 66 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois The E 77 ft. to Lot 2 in Block 2 in Purpee, Curtiss and Somei-s Addition of out-lots to the City of Urbana. .85 acres, $4,450. 47. (67) 1913. The S 55 ft. of the E Vs of Lot 2 of William M. Goodwin's Addition to the City of Urbana, situated in the City of Urbana, County of Champaign, and State of Illinois. .12 acres, $1,500. 48. (68) 1913. The N 1/2 of Lots 1 and 2 in Block 4 in the Urbana Railroad Company's Addition to Urbana, situated in the City of Urbana, County of Champaign, and State of Illinois. .2 acres, $3,500. 49. (69) 1913. The N 60 ft. of Lot 1 of William M. Good- win's Addition to the City of Urbana. .2 acres, $1,450. 50. (70) 1913. The S 60 ft. of Lot 1 of William M. Good- win's Addition to Urbana, Illinois, situated in the City of Urbana, County of Champaign and State of Illinois. .2 acres, $1,800. 51. (71) 1913. Lot 7 in Block 55 in the Seminary Addi- tion to the City of Urbana, Illinois. .15 acres, $5,000. 52. (72) 1913. Lot 8 in Block 55 in the Seminary Addi- tion to Urbana, situated in the City of Urbana, County of Cham- paign and State of Illinois. .15 acres, $6,800. 53. (73) 1913. Lot 9 in Block 55 in the Seminary Addi- tion to Urbana, Illinois. .15 acres, $4,800. 54. (74) 1913. Lot 5 in Block 55 in the Seminary Addi- tion to Urbana, Illinois. .15 acres, $2,500. 55. (75) 1914. Lot 6 in Block 55 in the Seminary Addi- tion to the City of Urbana, Illinois. .15 acres, $2,850. 56. (78) 1914. Lot 3 in Block 55 in the Seminary Addi- tion to the City of Urbana, Illinois. .15 acres, $2,600. 57. (79) 1914. Block 6 of J. S. Wright's Addition to the City of Champaign, except the N 14 ft. thereof. 1.16 acres, $14,000. 58. (80) 1913. Beginning at the S E corner of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., thence N 52 rods, thence W 40 rods, thence S 52 rods, thence E 40 rods to the place of begin- ning, and containing 13 acres more or less. 13 acres, $20,481.33. 59. (81) 1913. N W 1/4 of Sec 20, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., situated in County of Champaign, State of Illinois. 160 acres, $160,000. Land 67 60. (84) 1913. N W l^ of S W i^ of Sec 20, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M. 40 acres, $24,000. 61. (83) 1913. The S 1/2 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 20, T%vp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M. 80 acres, $48,000. 62. (82) 1913. The N E 1/4 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 20, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M., containing 40 acres. 40 acres, $24,074.13. 63. (85) 1913. Lot 2 of a Subdivision of the S 1/2 of Sec 13, Twp 19 N, R 8 E of the 3d P. M. 10 acres, $7,705,81. 64. (90) 1914. Lots 5 and 6 in Block 1, in Joseph Nelson's Addition to Urbana, described as commencing at a point on Sec line 16 rods W of the N E corner of the N W 14 of the N E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M., thence W 8 rods, thence S 10 rods, thence E 8 rods, thence N 10 rods to be- ginning. .4 acres, $10,000. 65. (87) 1914. Lot 23 in the Forestry Heights Addition to the City of Urbana. .22 acres, $3,601.59. 66. (88) 1914. Lot 24 of the Forestry Heights Addition to Urbana, Illinois. .22 acres, $3,601.59. 67. (89) 1914. Lot 25 in the Forestry Heights Addition to Urbana, Illinois. .22 acres, $3,601.60. 68. (93) 1915. Lots 1, 2 and 3, Block 6 in the Urbana Rail- road Company's Addition to the City of Urbana, Illinois; being a part of the N E i^ of the N E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M. .6 acres, $10,116.88. 69. (94) 1915. S 5 acres of Lot 9, also the S 3.73 acres of Lot 10, also all of Lot 12 in William Williamson's Subdivision of the W 1/2 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M. Also beginning at a point 6.22 chains N of the S W corner said Sec 18, running thence N 7.08 chains to a stone, thence E 9.35 chains to a stone, thence S 7.08 chains to a stone, thence W 9.35 chains to place of beginning. 32.35 acres, $50,000. 70. (110) 1916. Lots 1, 2 and 3 of Joseph Nelson's Addi- tion to Urbana, as sho^vn by plat dated May 1, 1869, and re- corded in Book 18, page 224 of the Records of Champaign County, Illinois, in the City of Urbana. .6 acres, $12,000. 71. (101) 1916. The S E 1/4 of N E i/4 and the N E 14 of S E 14 of Sec 24, Twp 19 N, R 8 E of 3d P. M., and all that 68 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois part of the S W i^ of the N W i^ and all that part of the N W 1/4 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 19, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., lying W of the public highway known as the 1st Street Road, all of said premises being otherwise described as, beginning at the N W corner of the S E l^ of the N E i^ of Sec 24, thence S 160 rods, thence E 84 rods and 20 links, to the public high- way, thence N along the line of said highway 160 rods to the highway running E and W, thence W to the place of beginning, all of said premises lying and being in the County of Champaign and State of Illinois, together with all the appurtenances and hereditaments thereto belonging. 84 acres, $34,000. 72. (97) 1917. E 35 ft. of Lots 4 and 5 in Block 4 of Nina B. Bronson's Subdivision of part of the E 1/2 of S W 1/4 of N E l^ of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P M. .12 acres, $1,400. 73. (98) 1917. Lot 2 in Block 4 of Nina B. Bronson's Subdivision of a part of the E 1/2 of the S W 14 of the N E i^ of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M. in the City of Urbana. .24 acres, $16,500. 74. (99) 1917. Lot 3 in Block 4 in Nina B. Bronson's Subdivision of a part of the E 1/2 of the S W 14 of the N E i/^ of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M., situated in the City of Urbana. .24 acres, $3,869. 75. (100) 1917. The S 1/2 of the N W i^ of the S W i/4 of the N 1/2 of the S W 1/4 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 1, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M., in the County of Champaign and State of Illinois. 40 acres, $12,000. 75a. (115) * 1918. The N 1/2 of the N W 1/4 of the S W 14 of Sec 1, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M. (Adjoins and com- pletes the previous item; used for research in natural science.) 20 acres, $6,000. 76. (102) 1917. The N 1/2 of S W 1/4 of Block 13 of J. S. Wright's Addition to the City of Champaign. .34 acres, $6,500. 77. (103) 1917. Lots 70 and 75 in College Place, an Addi- tion to the City of Champaign, being a part of the N W frac- tional quarter of the S W 1^4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E, of the 3d P. M. .28 acres, $3,639.14. 78. (104) 1917. Lots 71 and 72 in College Place, an Addi- tion to the City of Champaign, being a part of the N W frac- 1 *Comptroller 's Eeport, 1919, p. 48 Land 69 tional quarter of the S W 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 19 N, R 9 E of the 3d P. M. .31 acres, $6,005.58. 79. (108) 1918. Lots 73 and 74 in College Place Addi- tion to the City of Champaign, Illinois. .31 acres, $6,231.34. 80. (Ill) 1918. Lot Four (4) in Block 55 in the Seminary Addition to the City of Urbana, Illinois. .15 acres, $3,250. 81. (112) 1918. The S 1/2 of Lots 1 and 2 in Block 4 of the Urbana Railroad Company's Addition to Urbana, Illinois. .2 acres, $2,400. IV. Land Acquired Outside Urbana and Champaign 1904 TO 1920 1. In Chicago 82. (96) 1913. Lots 15 and 16, 17, 18 in Balestier's Subdivision of Block 23 in Ashland 2nd Addition to Chicago according to the plat entitled ''Balestier's subdivision of Blocks 11, part of 14, 18, E 1/2 of 19, 22 and all of 23 in Ashland 2nd Addition to Chicago, recorded in the Recorder's Office of Cook County, in the State of Illinois in Book 166 of Maps, pages 70 and 71, and recorded in the same office in Book 14 of Plats, page 85: Also Lots 1 to 7 inclusive, in Block 23, also sublets 1 to 7 inclusive of Lots 19 to 25 inclusive, in Block 23 and the vacated alley running N and S through said Block 23 in the Ashland 2nd Addition to Chicago, in the W 1/2 of the N E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P M, including the build- ings thereon, together with the furniture, fixtures and apparatus therein, and all the right of way over any alleys adjacent to said buildings now held by the grantor. 1.16 acres, $60,000. 83. (95) 1915. Lots 14, 15 and 16 in Carpenter's Re-sub- division of the W half of Block 5 in Assessor's Division of the E half of the S E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M. .21 acres, $16,000. 84. (95-A) 1915. Lots 12 and 13 and the S 1 and 3-12 ft. of Lot 14 in the Re-subdivision of the W 1/2 of Block 5 in the Assessor's Division of the E 1/2 of the S E i/4 of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M. .14 acres, $9,000. 85. (95-B) 1915. Lots 9, 10, 11 in Carpenter's Re-sub- division of W 1/2 of Block 5 in Hadduck's Subdivision into 70 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Blocks 4, 5 and 17 of that part of E 1/2 of S E i^ of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M., set off to said Hadduck in partition of said tract by order of Superior Court of Chicago, July 7, 1859, Cook County. .21 acres, $10,000. 86. (105) 1917. Lots 7 and 8 and the N 10 ft. of Lot 6, with the improvements situate thereon, known as numbers 721 and 725 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois, in the Re-subdivision of the W 1/2 of Block 5 in the Assessor's Division of the E I/2 of the S E 1/4 of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M. .17 acres, $16,676.67. 87. (106)1917. Lots 4 and 5 in Eisenstein's Re-subdivision of Lots 1, 2, 3 and 4 and S 15 ft. of Lot 5 in Carpenter's Re- subdivision of the W I/2 of Block 5 in Assessor's Division of E 1/2 of S E 1/4 of Sec 18^ Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M. .13 acres, $14,248.33. 87a. (113)* 1918. Lot 9 in the E 1/2 of Block 5, in Had- duck 's subdivision of Blocks 4, 5, and 17, in the Assessor's Di- vision of the E 1/2 of the S E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M. (Located at 720 S. Hermitage Ave., Chicago.) .07 acres, $1,337.50. 87b. (114)* 1918. The N 10 feet of Lot 5 and the S 15 feet of Lot 6 in the Re-subdivision of the W 1/2 of Block 5 in the Assessor's Division of the E 1/2 of the S E 14 of Sec 18, Twp 39 N, R 14 E of the 3d P. M. (Located at 727-729 S. Wood St., Chicago.) .07 acres, $1,800. 2. Experiment Fields 88. (29) 1905. Beginning at a point 20 ft. E of the N W corner of the N W 14 of the N E 14 of Sec 9, run thence S 350 ft., thence E 1062 ft. to the W line of the right-of-way of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway Com- pany, thence run along the said line of right-of-way in a north- westerly direction 1173 ft., thence run in a southwesterly direc- tion in the S W lA of the S E 1^4 of Sec 4, 868 ft. to the place of beginning, containing 16 acres more or less. All of said *Comptroller 's Keport, 1919, page 48 Land 71 land is situated in Twp 13 S of the base line, R 3 E of 3d P M. 16 acres, $320.^8 89. (31) 1909. The S 15 acres of N E 1/4 N W i^ Sec 22, Twp 8 S, R 6 E, 3d P. M. 15 acres, $750.^8 90. (32) 1909. The E 1/2 of the S E 1/4 of the S W 1/4 of Sec 11, Twp 5 S and R 3 E of 3d P. M. 20 acres, $1,000.^^ 91. (33) 1909. W 1/2 S W i^ Sec 36 (except 10 acres out of N E corner) also tract commencing at point 12 chains S of N W corner of E 1/2 S W 1/4 Sec 36, Twp 4 N, R 10 E, thence running S 28 chains and 19 links, thence E 4 chains and 26 links, thence N 28 chains and 19 links, then W 4 chains and 26 links to the beginning; contains 12 acres more or less; also another tract commencing at the N E corner S E 14 See 35, Twp 4 N, R 10 E, thence S 40 chains to the Twp line (Twp 4), thence W 1 chain, thence N 40 chains, thence E 1 chain to beginning (except 11 acres at N W corner). 86 acres, $4,875. 92. (34) 1909. 15 acres of land in N E corner of the N E i^ of Sec 11, Twp 28 N, R 1 E of the 3d P. M., said tract of land being more particularly described as follows: Beginning at the N E corner of the said N E 14 of Sec 11, running thence W along the N line of said N E i^ 80 rods, thence S parallel with the E line of said Sec 11 30 rods, thence E parallel with the N line of said Sec 11, 80 rods to the E line of said Sec 11, thence N along the E line of said N E 14 of Sec 11, 30 rods to the place of beginning. 15 acres, $3,000.'*^ 93. (35) 1909. Commencing at the N E corner of the N W 14 of Sec 36, Twp 18 N, R 10 E of 4th P. M., County of Bureau and State of Illinois, thence W along the N line of said 14 section 60 rods, thence S 53-1/3 rods, thence E 60 rods, thence N along the E line of said 14 section 53-1/3 rods to a point of beginning comprising a tract of 20 acres. 20 acres, $4,000.-^^ 94. (37) 1910. 20 acres out of the S E part of Sec 18, Twp 14 N, R 3 W, 4th P. M., beginning at the tile set 2 chains and 5 links N of S E corner of said Sec 18 and on the N boundary of the highway, thence N along the E line of said Sec 18, 9 chains and 89 links to tile set in the ground, thence W 19 chains and 22 links to tile set in the ground, thence S 10 chains and 89 ^^Donated for Agricultural Experiment Field; estimated value 72 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois links to tile set in the ground on N boundary of public highway, thence in an easterly direction along N boundary of highway 19 chains and 31 links to place of beginning. 20 acres, $6,500.^9 95. (38) 1910. A part of the N 1/2 N W i^ See 35 Twp 24 N, R 9 E 4th P. M., described as follows: Commencing at a point on N line of said section, I21/2 chains W of N E corner N W 14 of said Section and running thence W on Sec line 15 chains, thence S 13-1/3 chains, thence E parallel to the section line 15 chains, thence N 13-1/3 chains to the place of beginning. 20 acres, $3,500.^9 96. (39) 1910. Lot 4 in the subdivision of the W 1/2 of the S W 14 of Sec 19 in Twp 5 N, R 6 W of the 4th P. M., accord- ing to a survey and plat thereof made by George W. Payne, Surveyor, and recorded in Plat Book 5, page 18, in the Re- corder's office of Hancock Co., Illinois, said lot containing 20 acres situated in the County of Hancock and State of Illinois. 20 acres, $4,000.-*9 97. (40) 1910. Commencing 13 chains and 50 links \V of the N E corner of Sec 2, Twp 3 N, R 10 E, thence running W 5 chains and 92 links to the N W corner of N E 14 of N E l^ of Sec 2, Twp 3 N, Range 10 E, thence running S 22 chains and 60 links to the S W corner of a 44 acre tract, thence run- ning E 9 chains and 91 links, thence running N 14 chains and 36 links; thence W 4 chains, N 8 chains and 25 links to the place of beginning. Containing 19-1/3 acres off of the W side of the N E 1^ of the N E 1/4. 19.33 acres, $1,800. 98. (41) 1910. A part of the E 1/2 of the S E i^ of See 26, Twp 22 N, R 8 E of 4th P. M., bounded as follows, to- wit : Com- mencing at a point on the E line of the aforesaid section, at the intersection of said section line with north boundary line of public highway known as the Dixon and Sterling road, the said starting point being located at a distance of 331 ft. N of S E corner of said section; thence running N upon E line of said section 1506 ft., thence W at right angles with E line of said section 660 ft., thence S parallel vnth E line of said section 1320 ft., to the N boundary of above mentioned highway, and thence in an easterly direction along the N boundary of said "Donated for Agricultural Experiment Field; estimated value Land 73 public highway 685.25 ft. to place of beginning, containing 21.41 acres, more or less, also conveying all right and title to land lying N of center of said public highway and S of premises above described, all of said premises being situated in County of Lee and State of Illinois. 21.41 acres, $4,282.^0 99. (42) 1910. 20 acres ofe the W end of the N 1/2 S W 14 of Sec 35, Twp 1 N, R 5 W, of 4th P. M., situated in County of Adams and State of Illinois. 20 acres, $4,000.^0 100. (43) 1910. Parts of lots 43-4 in S W 1/4 Sec 19, Twp 2 N, R 6 W of 3d P. M., described as follows : Beginning 325 ft. S of intersection of S line of Second S. Street and E line of right-of-way of E. St. Louis and Suburban R. R. Company, thence S along E line of said railway 743.03 ft., thence E parallel with S line of Second S. Street 1172.5 ft., thence N parallel with E line of said railway 743.03 ft., thence W 1172.5 ft. to place of beginning. 20 acres, $3,000.^0 101. (44) 1910. All of the N 1/2 of the S W 14 of the N W 1/4 of Sec 15, Twp 16 S, R 6 E, also five acres on the S side of the S 1/2 of the N W i^ of the N W i^ of Sec 15, Twp 16 S, R 6 E. 25 acres, $l,800.^o 102. (45) 1911. Twenty acres off the S side of the N E i^ of the N E 1/4 of Sec 1, Twp 6 N, R 14 W of the 2d P. M., sit- uated in the County of Crawford and State of Illinois. 20 acres, $1,500.^0 103. (53) 1911. The E 30 acres of the N W 14 of the N E i^. of Sec 3, Twp 6 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., situated in the County of Jasper. 30 acres, $l,800.5o 104. (54) 1911. Commencing at a point on the N line of Sec 15, Twp 11 N, R 1 E of 3d P. M., 1718 ft. W of the N E corner of the N W i/4 of said Sec 15, thence easterly along said N line of said section (on or near the centre line of the public highway) 1652 ft. thence southerly 33 ft. more or less to the S line of said public highway, thence southerly on a line parallel with the E line of said N W i/4 of said Section 740 ft., thence westerly on a line parallel with the said N line of said section 1652 ft. more or less to the E line of the public highway laid out and dedicated to the public by Baldwin & Baldwin, thence '"Donated for Agricultural Experiment Field; estimated value 74 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois N along the E line of said last mentioned highway 740 ft., to the S line of said public highway along the N line of said Sec- tion, thence N 33 ft. more or less, to the place of beginning; containing in all 29.31 acres more or less, situated in the County of Christian and State of Illinois. 29.31 acres, $3,000.5i 105. (55) 1911. The S 1/2 of the S W i^ of the S W l^ of See 22, Twp 21 N, R 3 W of the 3d P. M., in Logan County, State of Illinois, being 20 acres more or less, for the purpose of an experiment farm or field. 20 acres, $4,500. ^^ 106. (57) 1912. The E 1/2 of the N E i/4 of the S E 1/4 of See 9, Twp 5 S, R 8 E of the 3d P. M., White County, Illinois, 20 acres, $l,500.5i 107. (58) 1912. Twenty-four (24) acres off the W end of the S 1/2 of the N E 14 of Section 18, Twp 1 N, R 11 E. 24 acres, $1,920.^1 108. (59) 1912. A part of the E 1/2 of the S E i^ of Sec 22, Twp 17 N, R 13 W of the 2d P. M., beginning at the S W corner of said E i/^ of said S E i^, thence E on the S line thereof 30.3 rods, thence N parallel to the W line of said E ^ to the S boundary line of the right-of-way of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois R. R, as the same is now located across said E 1/4, thence southwesterly along said S boundary line of said right-of-way to the W line of said E i/^ of said S E 1/4, thence S with the W line of said E I/2 to the place of beginning, situ- ated in the County of Vermilion in the State of Illinois, hereby releasing and waiving all rights under and by virtue of the Homestead Exemption Laws of this State. 20 acres, $6,500.^^ 109. (60) 1913. 17 acres of even width ofe the S side of the N E 1/4 of the S W i/4 of Sec 31, Twp 10, R 9 E, of 3d P. M., situated in the County of Cumberland. 17 acres, $1,600.^^ 110. (61) 1913. Commencing at a point 1193.5 ft. W of the S E corner of the N W 1/4 of Sec 23, Twp 11 N, R 5 W of the 4th P. M., and running thence W 907.5 ft., thence N 962.5 ft., thence E 907.5 ft., thence S 962.5 ft. to the place of begin- ning, containing twenty acres more or less. 20 acres, $500.^^ 111. (77) 1914. A part of the W half of the S W i/4 of Sec 34, Twp 16 N, R 11 E of 4th P. M., described as follows, "Donated for Agricultural Experiment Field; estimated value Land 75 to-wit : Commencing at a point on the E line of the W V2 S W 14 of said Sec 34, 150 ft. S of the N E corner of the said W 1/2 of said S W 14 Section, and running thence W 435.92 ft., thence S 177.52 ft., thence W 133 ft., to a point which is 327.52 ft. S of the N W corner of Lot 2 in the S W i/4 of said Sec 34, and thence S 1180.61 ft., thence E 562.92 ft., and thence N to the point of beginning containing 17.093 acres more or less. 17.093 acres, $4,000.^^ 112. (86) 1913. Commencing at the S W corner of the N W 14 of Sec 31, Twp 36 N, R 10 E of the 3d P. M., thence E on the S line of said I/4 section, 2,050 ft., thence N on a line parallel with the W line of said i^ section 658.75 ft. ; thence W on a line parallel with the S line of said 14 section, 2,050 ft. to the W line thereof, and thence S on the W line of said 1/4 section 658.75 ft. to the place of beginning; also commencing at the N E corner of the 31 acre tract above described, and running thence W on the N line thereof 3 rods, thence N to the center of the Plainfield Road, thence southeasterly in the center of said road to a point directly N of the place of be- ginning and thence S 100.75 ft. to the place of beginning. 31 acres, $8,000.^2 113. (91) 1914. The N 20 acres of the W 1/2 of the N W 14 of Sec 18, Twp 14 N, R 5 E of the 4th P. M. 20 acres, $5,000.>^'2 114. (92) 1915. A tract of land in the S E 14 of S E i/^ of Sec 36, Twp 4 S, R 6 W, Randolph County, Illinois, more particularly described as : Beginning at a stone at N W corner of S E 1/4 of the S E 14 of Sec 36, thence running E along the N line of said S E 14 of the S E 14 of Sec 36 for a distance of 1177.5 ft., thence S parallel to and 147.5 ft. W of E line of Sec 36 for a distance of 727.5 ft., thence W parallel to and 592.5 ft. N of the S line of Sec 36 for a distance of 1181 ft. to the W line of said S E % of S E i^ of Sec 36, thence N along said W line of the ,S E 14 of S E i^ of Sec 36 for a distance of 727.5 ft. to the point of beginning. 20 acres, $3,000.52 115. (107) 1917. The W part of the E 1/2 of the S E i^ of Sec 14, Twp 12 S, R 8 E, and more particularly described "Donated for Agricultural Experiment Field; estimated value 76 Sixteen Years at the Uriiversity of Illinois by metes and bounds as follows: Beginning at the S W cor- ner of the S E 1/4 of S E 1/4 of above Sec, thence running N 79 degrees, E 4.00 chains, thence N 58 degrees, E 7.70 chains, thence N 21,00 chains, thence W .40 chains, thence N 14.70 chains, thence W 9.93 chains, thence S 40.55 chains to the place of beginning, containing 32.58 acres more or less. 32.58 acres, $1,300.53 116. (109) 1917. The E 1/2 of the S 1/2 of the S E 14 of Sec 14, Twp 5 N, R 6 W of the 3d P. M., containing 40 acres, $6,000.53 116a. (116)* 1919. Beginning at a point I3I/2 rods N and 287.6 ft. W of the S E corner of the S W 1/4 of S.ec 34, Twp 7 N, R 11 W of the 2d P. M., running thence W 229.4 ft., thence N 397.25 ft., thence W 62% rods, thence S 620 ft., thence E 76/57 rods, thence N 222% ft. to place of beginning. (Located near Palestine, Crawford County, Illinois.) 15 acres, $1,500.^3 3. Land Acquired by Gift for Special Purpose 117. 1914. The S W i/^ and W 1/2 of S E 14 of Sec 26, Twp 20 N, R 10 E of 3d P. M., Champaign County, (near St. Joseph, Illinois). 240 acres, $54,000.54 118. 1914. Champaign County— All that part of N 1/2 of Sec 23, Twp 22 N, R 9 E of 3d P. M., which lies west of the Illinois Central right-of-way. 214 acres, $53,000,54 119. 1914. The N W i^ and S 1/2 of N E i^ See 31, Twp 22 N, R 8 E of 3d P. M., less Illinois Central right-of-way. Cham- paign County. (Adjoining Fisher, Illinois.) 234.19 acres, $72,000.54 120. 1914. The E 1/2 of S W 14 of Sec 14, Twp 19 N, R 8 E of 3d P. M., Champaign County. (Adjoining Champaign, Illi- nois.) 80 acres, $36,000.54 *Comptroller's Report, 1919, p. 48 "Donated for Agricultural Experiment Field; estimated value "Donated by Captain T. J. Smith of Champaign to provide funds for the erection of a Memorial Music Building; estimated value. See Comptroller's Eeport, 1918, p. 104 CHAPTER III BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT One of the items contained in the offer of Champaign County in 1867 to secure the location of the University was "the Urbana and Champaign Institute buildings and grounds." There was however but one building— a brick structure one hundred twenty-five feet in length and five stories in height. According to the early catalogs of the University, the public rooms of this building were sufficient for the accommodation of over four hundred students and it had private study and sleeping rooms for one hundred thirty. The first legislature which met after the organization of the University appropriated $25,000 for barns, tools, etc., for the agricultural department, and $20,000 for a greenhouse, barns, trees, etc., for the horticultural department. The next legisla- ture, meeting in 1871, appropriated $25,000 for a building to be used as a drill hall for the military department and as a shop for the department of mechanical science and engineering. It appropriated also the first $75,000 for a main building to cost $150,000.1 The next legislature, however, appropriated only $41,550 for the completion and equipment of the latter building.2 Succeeding legislatures appropriated funds from time to time for the erection of minor buildings, but with the exception of a chemical laboratory in 1878 costing $40,000 no large build- ing was provided for during the sixteen years from 1873 to 1889. In the latter year $10,000 was appropriated for an armory, and scarcely a legislature since that time has failed to provide funds for one or more University buildings. A complete list of the principal buildings which have been erected by the University and which are still in use is here given. It should be added that besides the buildings enumerated in the following lists certain others no longer in existence have been occupied by the University for various periods of time. ^Kept., Univ. of 111., 1870-71, pp. 15-16 ^^Eept., Univ. of 111., 1872-3, p. 148 77 78 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Thus the original "Champaign and Urbana Institute building" was used from 1868 until 1880, but was so badly damaged by storms during the spring of the latter year^ that it could not longer be occupied and was soon afterward razed. In 1899 the building which had been erected in 1872 at a cost of $25,000 to accommodate the wood shops and to serve as a drill hall was totally destroyed by fire.^ Fire destroyed also the Experiment Station barn in 1889^ and the Animal Husbandry barn in 1910.^ In August of 1890 the Chemical Laboratory was damaged to the extent of $40,000 by fire caused by lightning, and in the following June the University suffered a loss of $75,000 by the partial destruction of the Natural History building by fire orig- inating in the same manner J It should be noted that, although the University is not per- mitted to insure its buildings, on the theory that "the state is carrying its own insurance, ' ' no fund is provided for replacing automatically any building that has been burned, nor can the necessary funds be taken from the state treasury for this pur- pose except by specific appropriation at some subsequent legis- lative session. UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS ERECTED FROM 1867 TO 1904 Date of Original Erection Cost 1873 University Hall $ 150,000 1878 Law Building (formerly Chemistry Laboratory) .... 40,000 1890 Men's Gymnasium Annex (formerly Armory) 16,000 1890 Implement Shed (South Farm) 500 1890 Animal Husbandry House (South Farm) 1,500 1892 Natural History Building 70,000 1893 Dairy Barn (Pure Bred Cattle) 7,500 1894 Engineering Hall 160,000 1895 Metal Shops 20,000 1895 Horse Barn (General) 3,090 1896 Observatory 15,000 1896 President 's House (old) 15,000 1 1 'Rept., Univ. of 111., 1880, p. 17 ^Rept., Univ. of 111., 1900, p. 301 ^Rept., Univ. of 111., 1890, p. 95 'Kept., Univ. of 111., 1912, p. 506 'Alumni Record, Univ. of 111., 1913, pp. 46, 47 Buildings and Equipment 79 Date of Original Erection Cost 1897,1902 Old Power Plant 20,000 1897 Greenhouse (University) 7,800 1897 Library 160,000 1898 Electrical Laboratory 40,000 1900 Agricultural Building 165,000 1901 Gymnasium, Men's 50,000 1901 Pumping Station 8,000 1902 Chemistry Laboratory 130,000 1902 Laboratory of Applied Mechanics 30,000 1902, 1904 Wood Shop and Foundry 42,000 1903 Swine Sheds 2,000 Total cost of buildings, 1867 to 1904 $1,153,390 BUILDINGS EEECTED FROM 1905 TO 1920 Date of Original Erection Cost 1905 Agronomy Field Laboratory $ 17,000 1905 Beef Cattle Barn 28,000 1905 Entomology Building (State) 8,850 1905 Horticultural Field Laboratory 18,000 1905 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (See be- low) 36,000 1905 Woman 's Building (See below) 80,000 1907 Farm Mechanics Building 33,000 1907-13 Dairy Buildings 21,500 1908 Auditorium 135,787.78 1908, '14, '17 Isolation Hospital (formerly Horticultural ser- vice building) 3,500 1908, '12, '16 Agricultural Building (addition) 25,325.09 1909 Natural History Building (addition) 165,000 1909 Physics Laboratory 220,000 1910 Power Plant (new) 46,780 1911 Lincoln Hall 234,225 1911 Work Horse Barn 1,500 1911-16 Animal Husbandry Barns 8,850 1912 Poultry Plant 2,000 1912 Agronomy Greenhouse 12,000 1912 Mining and Ceramics Laboratory 25,000 1912 Commerce Building 101,326.03 1912,1914 Locomotive Testing Laboratory and Reservoir. 34,270 1912 Transportation Building 86,000 1912 Woman 's Building (addition) 136,308.27 1913 Floriculture, Plant Breeding and Vegetable Gardening Group 88,000 80 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Date of Original Erection Cost 1913 Stock Judging Pavilion 111,652.06 1913 Law Building (reconstruction) 2,460.16 1913 Medical Building (Chicago) 155,000 1913 Dental Building (Chicago) 30,000 1913,1916 Gymnasium, Men's (reconstruction) 30,554.18 1914 Armory (new) 229,119.17 1914 Storehouse 1,990 1914 Observatories (addition) 2,461.20 1914 Library (addition) 34,739.84 1914, 1916 Gymnasium Annex (reconstruction) 7,947.32 1914 Administration Building 146,118.90 1914 Botany Laboratory and Greenhouse 22,607.85 1915 Chemistry Laboratory (addition) 354,326.77 1915 Battery F Barn 1,381.43 1915 Pharmacy Buildings 61,022.27 1916 Engineering Building (reconstruction) 1,737.40 1916 Ceramics Laboratory 130,998.79 1916 Vivarium 76,244.25 1916 Genetics Building 10,231.30 1916 Soil Bins 9,941.22 1916 Agronomy Barn 3,056.32 1917 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (recon- struction) 44,736.16 1917 Women 's Eesidence Hall 180,247.32 1917 Cattle Feeding Plant 29,625.36 Total $3,246,421.44 INVENTOEY OF BUILDINGS June 30, 1918^ Estimated Date of Erection Original Present (or acquisition) Cost Value Liberal Arts and Sciences Group 1896,1914 Astronomical Observatories $ 17,461.20 $ 11,056.12 1914 Botany Laboratory and Greenhouse 22,607.85 21,272.86 1902, 1915 Chemistry Building 484,747.53 407,008.84 1905 Entomology Building 8,850.00 6,674.78 1911 Lincoln Hall 234,225.00 211,648.15 1892,1909 Natural History Building 240,286.62 178,447.87 1873 University Hall 150,000.00 22,569.40 1916 Vivarium 76,244.25 74,719.36 Totals $1,234,422.45 $ 933,397.38 'Cf. Comptroller's Kept., Univ. of 111., 1918, p. 94 ^ Buildings and Equipment 81 Estimated Date of Erection Original Present (or acquisition) Cost Value Engineering Group 1916 Ceramics Laboratory 130,998.79 128,378.81 1898 Electrical Engineering Laboratory. 40,000.00 19,760.23 1894 Engineering Hall 162,278.40 90,566.39 1902 Laboratory of Applied Mechanics.. 30,000.00 22,593.41 1912 Locomotive Laboratory and Eeser- voir 34,270.00 31,606.76 1905, 1917 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory 85,671.90 75,425.38 1895 Metal Shops 20,000.00 11,476.78 1912 Mining and Ceramics Laboratory. 25,000.00 18,535.72 1909 Physics Laboratory 220,000.00 180,050.99 1912 Transportation Building 86,000.00 75,775.56 1902, 1904 Wood Shops 42,000.00 29,460.27 Totals $ 876,219.09 $ 683,630.30 AGBICULTURAIi GkOUP 1900 Agricultural Building 191,407.15 122,972.19 1905 Agronomy Building 17,000.00 13,445.60 1912 Agronomy Greenhouse 12,000.00 5,821.12 1907 Farm Mechanics Building 33,000.00 25,114.46 1913 Floriculture Service Buildings and Greenhouse 88,000.00 80,366.27 1916 Genetics Building 10,231.30 9,826.14 1905 Horticulture Building 18,000.00 7,887.85 1913 Stock Judging Pavilion 111,652.06 103,872.16 1895 Horse Barn (General) 3,090.00 1,241.99 1893 Dairy Barn (Pure Bred) 7,500.00 3,575.42 1905 Beef Cattle Bam 28,000.00 21,176.82 1907 Dairy Farm House 3,000.00 2,256.94 1907 20 Acre Dairy Barn 3,200.00 2,497.04 1912 Dairy Horse Barn 2,000.00 1,728.72 1913 Dairy House and Shop 2,300.00 2,064.86 1913 Dairy Experiment Barn 11,000.00 9,930.54 1912 Sheep Barns 3,000.00 2,631.50 1912 Brood Mare Barn 3,300.00 2,87L60 1912 Tool Shed 1,750.00 1,551.05 1911 Feed Barn 300.00 294.00 1912 Stallion Barn 500.00 490.00 1911 Work Horse Barn 1,500.00 1,267.73 1903 Swine Sheds 2,000.00 1,238.92 82 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illiyiois Date of Erection Original (or acquisition) Cost 1916 Soil Bins 9,941.22 1890 Implement Shed 500.00 1890 Animal Husbandry House 1,500.00 1916 Agronomy Barn 3,056.32 1912 Poultry Plant 2,000.00 1917 Cattle Feeding Plant 29,625.36 Totals $ 600,353.41 1878 Law Building 43,001.16 1912 Commerce Building 101,326.03 General University Use 1914 Armory 229,119.17 1915 Battery "F" Barn 1,721.68 1908 Auditorium 135,787.78 1897 Library 194,739.84 1901 Gymnasium (Men 's) 80,554.18 1890 Gymnasium Annex 39,161.11 1905, 1908, 1912, 1914 Woman 's Building 217,232.98 1917 University Isolation Hospital 16,753.30 1913 1210 Springfield Avenue, Demon- stration Service, etc 1,437.50 Totals $ 916,507.54 1914 Administration Building 146,118.90 1896 President 's House (Old) 15,000.00 1917 President's House (Nevada Street) 17,152.25 1917 Woman's Eesidence Hall 180,247.32 Service Buildings 1897 Greenhouse 7,800.00 1910 New Power Plant 46,780.00 1897,1902 Old Power Plant 20,000.00 1901 Pumping Station 8,000.00 1914 Warehouse 1,990.00 Totals $ 84,570.00 T"enant Houses, Urbana-Champaign 1911-1916 806 South Sixth Street 2,275.00 1011 Eailroad Street 478.93 Estimated Present Value 9,547.55 490.00 1,455.00 2,935.29 1,940.00 29,625.36 $ 470,116.12 23,038.37 91,646.17 215,643.41 1,687.25 107,096.87 127,156.96 52,556.14 30,278.46 183,400.71 15,816.40 1,282.13 $ 734,918.33 140,332.59 5,565.42 16,898.57 180,247.32 4,898.04 41,470.07 12,422.77 6,233.00 1,872.78 $ 66,896.66 2,229.50 427.38 Buildings and Equipment 83 Estimated Date of Erection Original Present (or acquisition) Cost Value 502 South Goodwin Avenue 2,700.00 2,646.00 5021/2 South Goodwin Avenue 2,500.00 2,450.00 504 South Goodwin Avenue 1,683.79 1,505.91 506 South Goodwin Avenue 1,236.83 1,105.90 504 South Harvey Street 288.00 288.00 506 South Harvey Street 679.48 606.97 510 South Harvey Street 1,100.00 658,83 1207 West Stoughton Street 940.00 940.00 Totals $ 13,882.03 $ 12,858.49 Totals, Urbana 4,228,800.18 3,359,545.72 Chicago Departments 1913 Medical Building 155,000.00 151,900.00 1913 Dental Building 30,000.00 29,400.00 1915 Pharmacy Building 61,022.27 59,801.82 Tenant Buildings, Chicago 1917 1756-1758 West Polk Street 10,248.33 10,248.33 1917 721-725 South Wood Street 13,076.67 13,076.67 Totals, Chicago $ 269,347.27 $ 264,426.82 Grand Totals $4,498,147.45 $3,623,972.54 In addition to the buildings actually completed by the sum- mer of 1918, there Avere various structures upon which work had already been commenced. The following table indicated that the sum of $253,959.78 had already been spent upon such projects up to June 30, 1918. INVENTORY OF CONSTEUCTION IN PEOGEESS June 30, 1918^ Addition to Library $ 244.27 Athletic Field 61.63 Chemistry Laboratory Addition 10,527.18 Clinical Building 514.55 Education Building 127,751.75 Horticulture Field Laboratory 2,221.17 'Cf. Comptroller's Eeport, Univ. of 111., 1918, p. 96. Of the buildings listed above, the Education Building, Music Building, and the Artillery Barns have been completed (1920). The total expended at the end of the fiscal year 1919-20 is approximately $5,000,000 84 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois McKinley Hospital 475.60 New Library 819.90 Tina Weedon Smith Memorial Music Hall 111,126.16 Natural History Addition 217.57 Total $253,959.78 Up to the end of the fiscal year 1917-18 approximately $4,498,- 147,45 had been spent for the buildings at present occupied by the University. Of this sum, $1,153,390, or about 26 per cent was expended for buildings erected during the 37 years from .1867 to 1904, and $3,344,757.45, or about 74 per cent, for build- ings constructed during the fourteen year period from 1904 to 1918. Of the buildings erected during the past twelve years, six were constructed in 1905, at a total expense of $187,000, with funds secured in 1903. If this sum is added to the $1,153,390 spent prior to 1905, the total becomes $1,340,390 for the first 37 years of the life of the University. But this is offset by the fact that $500,000 was secured from the Legislature in 1917, to be spent during the biennium beginning July 1, 1917. It will be observed that during the past sixteen years, six- teen important buildings have been erected. Of this number, three are buildings of general university use, the Auditorium, costing $136,000; the new Armory, $230,000; and the Admin- istration building, $146,000. Two are designed to serve the in- terests of the Women students — the "Woman's building, cost- ing $217,000, and the Women's Residence Hall erected at a cost of approximately $180,000. The study of the humanities was first adequately provided for by the erection of Lincoln Hall in 1911, at a cost of $235,000. The scientific interests of the university were given support in the erection of substantial additions to the Natural History building and the Chemistry laboratory, costing $165,000 and $365,000 respectively, and a Vivarium costing $76,000. To the engineering group there were added a Physics laboratory costing $220,000; a Transportation building, $86,000 and a Ceramics laboratory, $131,000. The agricultural group was enlarged by the erection of many minor buildings and two major structures — a Floriculture, Plant Buildings and Equipment 85 Breeding, and Vegetable Gardening group of buildings and greenhouses, costing $88,000, and the Stock Judging Pavilion erected at a cost of $112,000. The School of Music and the College of Education are greatly strengthened by the addition of the Smith Memorial Music Building and the Education Building respectively. During this period also the Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy buildings in Chicago were acquired by the University. The value of the Medical and Dental buildings has been estimated conservatively at $155,000 and $30,000, respectively. The total cost of the Pharmacy buildings, which Avere purchased in 1915 and reconstructed to meet the needs of the School of Pharmacy, was approximately $61,000, The following pages contain a description^ of the principal University buildings erected during the years from 1904 to 1920. The Agronomy Building (erected 1904-5) is 50 by 100 feet in size, of brick and slate, trimmed with stone. It contains a field laboratory for crop work in which yields of experimental plats are studied, sample seeds stored, and specimens preserved. The Beef Cattle Building (erected 1904-5) is a one-story structure of brick and slate, trimmed with stone, 217 feet across the front, with a wing at either end 33 by 49 feet ; the central portion rises two stories and is used for the storage of feed. Other portions of the building are used as quarters for the breed- ing herd, and will accommodate about 100 head of cattle. The Entomology Building (erected 1905) for the use of the State Entomologist and his staff, is a two-story building 48 by 20 feet, with basement storerooms, and with two insectary wings of greenhouse construction, each 25 by 20 feet. It contains the office of horticultural inspection, a stenographer's room, rooms for the assistant inspectors and insectary assistants, and a large fireproof vault. The glass-covered wings are equipped for ex- perimental entomology and life-history studies. The Horticulture Building (erected 1904-5) is a structure of brick and slate trimmed with stone, approximately 50 by 100 feet in size. It was designed as a field laboratory for horticul- tural tests, and contains sorting rooms, storage rooms, and a ^Cf. Univ. of HI. Annual Eegisters, 1913-1017 86 Sixteen Years at tJie U7iivei'sity of Illinois laboratory for the mixing of spraying materials and other opera- tions in connection with the horticultural work. The Mechanical Engineering Laboratory (erected 1905) is a brick building with a frontage of 120 feet and a total depth of 182 feet, which during the year 1916-17 was changed in the interior to provide for a basement with an elevated or mezza- nine operating floor, giving a floor area for laboratory purposes of 28,000 square feet. On the mezzanine floor is mounted all of the principal equipment in the laboratory ; in the basement auxiliary apparatus is housed. The front section is two stories high and together with the two-story addition to the south contains offices, lecture and computation rooms, a lavatory, and an instrument room. The main laboratory is divided into three bays, each approximately 40 feet wide. The middle bay is provided with a ten-ton, three-motor traveling crane, and the north bay with a five-ton hand-operated traveling crane. In the basement two flumes, each three feet deep by four feet wide and 120 feet long, together with a storage reservoir having a capacity of 7,000 gal- lons, provide for the measurement and storage of water. The Woman's Building (erected 1905) is in the New Eng- land colonial style of architecture, of reddish brown brick, with white stone trimmings. The central part of the structure is the woman 's gymnasium. On the lower floor there are the office of the Director of Physical Education for "Women, a swimming tank, lockers, dressing rooms and baths. The upper floor is devoted to the main gj^mnasium, which is 92 by 50 feet. The north wing of the building is given to the department of house- hold science, and the south wing provides rooms for the social life of the women students. The addition to the Woman's building (erected 1912) is a three-story fireproof building with basement. It is 200 feet long on the front and 83 feet on each connecting wing, having 43,000 square feet of floor area. It has a large colonnade with towers on the front and two smaller colonnades on the north and south of the inner court. The addition is similar to the old building in finish and supplements the working space of the departments using it. It has two halls for literary societies and a modern flat on the upper floor, and an institutional kitchen and large Buildings and Equipment 87 dining room on the second floor. There are also offices for the Dean of Women and the Director of the Courses in House- hold Science, laboratories, social rooms, and space for the ex- pansion of gymnasium work. The Farm Mechanics Building (erected 1906-7) is a three- story brick structure containing class rooms, offices, lecture rooms, drafting room, library, laboratories, and tool and storage rooms. The third floor, which is reached by an elevator, furn- ishes storage room for the greater part of $16,000 worth of farm machinery loaned the College by various manufacturing com- panies and used for laboratory work. The facilities afforded by this building, with its equipment, make possible the assem- bling, testing and adjusting of all the important machines used in farm operations. The Auditorium (erected 1907-08) is a brick and stone build- ing for general meeting purposes. It contains an auditorium seating about 2,200 and a memorial vestibule. All general University exercises, including convocations, are held in this building. The Experimental Dairy Barns (erected 1912-13) comprise a round barn 70 feet in diameter with a reinforced concrete silo in the center, a semi-detached rectangular structure 40 by 70 feet with a Grout silo adjacent, and a small dairy house and shop 26 by 32 feet. The barns are of frame construction of brick walls with solid floors of the mill type of construction and contain feed rooms, hay lofts and other accommodations for the experimental dairy herd. The dairy house is of frame con- struction, two stories in height, and contains office, shop, coal room, dairy room and four sleeping rooms for employees. Natural History Hall (old part erected 1892; addition 1909) covers a ground area 135 feet by 275 feet. It is occupied by the departments of botany, entomology, zoology, physiology, geology and mathematics, together with the office and equipment of the State Natural History Survey, and the office of the State Ento- mologist. A fireproof museum 51 feet by 63 feet in size, equipped with fireproof and dustproof cases, occupies the center of the building. 88 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois The Laboratory of Physics (erected 1909) is a three-story fireproof brick building trimmed with Bedford limestone. The length is 178 feet and the depth of the wings is 125 feet. The large lecture room has a seating capacity of two hundred sixty- two. A one-story annex, 78 by 28 feet, contains the ventilating and heating fans and the machine shop of the department. The total available floor area, exclusive of the basement, is about 60,000 square feet. The majority of the large laboratories and the recitation rooms are in the west wing. The east wing is of heavy construction and contains about 30 smaller laboratories for advanced experimental work. The blue print and photo- graphic laboratory of the University occupies rooms on the top floor of the building. Gas, distilled water, compressed air and vacuum, and direct and alternating electric currents of a wide range in amperes and in volts are available in all parts of the building. The Central Heat and Power Plant (erected 1902; addition 1910) contains boilers aggregating 2,500 horsepower. The two stations furnish steam for heating and power to all buildings on the campus. A power plant containing a 250-kilowatt Allis- Chalmers direct connected steam engine and dynamo, a 125-kilo- watt direct connected Westinghouse engine and generator, and a 100-kilowatt Curtiss turbo-generator, together with the acces- sories necessary to a complete power station, supplies current for light and power to all parts of the grounds. The pipe-lines of the heating system and the circuits for distributing electricity are carried from the central plant to the several buildings through brick and concrete tunnels and clay tile and concrete conduits. Altogether there are now 6,213 feet of tunnels and 9,876 feet of conduit for the distribution of steam and 48,850 feet of single cell telephone and electric conduit. The new boiler and power plant provides temporary quarters for the electric test car of the department of railway engineering. Lincoln Hall (erected 1911) is four stories in height and has a frontage of 230 feet with two wings running back 127 feet. The exterior is brick, stone and terra cotta. This build- ing provides for the advanced work of the departments of the classics, English, Eomanee languages, Germanic languages, his- Buildings and Equipment 89 tory, economics, education, political science, sociology and philosophy. The first three floors provide, in addition to the ordinary class and consultation rooms, seminar libraries and con- ference rooms. On the fourth floor are research rooms and two museums, the Museum of Classical Art and Archeology and the Museum of European Culture. The Sheep Barn (erected 1913) is a wooden structure con- sisting of a main barn 36 by 90 feet, and a shed, opening to the south, 25 by 100 feet in size, A 6-foot aisle, lined by pens on each side, runs through the center of the barn. This building besides accommodating the University flock is used for experi- mental work. Its location and construction insures dry footing and ample light and ventilation thruout the year. The Ceramic Engineering Kiln House (erected 1912) con- nects with the Ceramic Engineering Building. It has a floor area of 11,200 square feet, and contains the kilns, furnaces and heavy machines for working clays. The Mining Engineering Laboratory (erected 1912) is a one- story building having a floor area of 3,600 square feet. It con- tains a chemical laboratory for the department of mining en- gineering, and a Mine Rescue Station equipped and arranged for training men in the methods of mine rescue work. The Commerce Building (erected 1912) is a fireproof build- ing three stories high, 153 feet on the front and 60 feet deep, with a one-story annex containing a lecture room 48 feet square. The building has a total floor area of about 29,000 square feet and houses the work in business administration with its various class rooms, offices and laboratories. The exterior first story finish is buff Bedford stone ; the second and third stories are of brick with carved stone trimmings and cornice. The roof is of tile, and the interior trim is of dark oak. The Locomotive Testing Laboratory (erected 1912) is a fire- proof building, with brick walls, 117 feet long and 42 feet wide, connected by a spur with the Illinois Traction System tracks. It houses a locomotive testing plant which consists of support- ing wheels on which rest the drivers of the locomotive to be tested, a dynamometer to which the locomotive drawbar is at- tached, and which measures the tractive force exerted by the 90 Sixteen Tears at the University of Illinois locomotive, water brakes for absorbing the power developed by the locomotive, and other auxiliary apparatus. The exhaust gases pass through a "transite" (or asbestos board) duct to a large fan which forces them through a reinforced concrete cinder separator; the separator removes the cinders and discharges the gases into the air thru a brick stack eighty feet in height. The Transportation Building (erected 1912) is a three-story fireproof building of brick trimmed with stone. The general dimensions of the building are 65 by 189 feet and the total floor area is 34,225 square feet. The first and second fioors of the building are occupied by the departments of railway and mining engineering, and the third fioor is occupied by the de- partment of general engineering drawing. The Horticulture Greenhouse Group (erected 1912-13) in- cludes (1) a floricultural group and (2) a vegetable and plant breeding group. (1) The Floriculture Greenhouse Group (erected 1912-13) consists of a two-story and basement service building 93 by 37 feet, and the following glass structures: four houses each 105 by 28 feet, three houses each 105 by 35 feet, one corridor house 139 by 10 feet, one storage house 50 by 12 feet, and a palm house 80 by 40 feet. The service building is of hollow tile and cement construction, and contains laboratories, lecture room, herbarium room, offices, and seminar room, as well as potting, storage and work rooms. (2) The Vegetable and Plant Breeding Greenhouse Group (erected 1912-13) consists of a glass house for vegetable grow- ing, 105 by 28 feet, two houses for plant breeding each approxi- mately 80 by 30 feet, a wire house 80 by 30 feet, and a two- story and basement service building 82 by 36 feet, containing laboratories, work rooms, class rooms, offices and storage rooms. The type of construction of this building is the same as that of the floriculture service building. The Stock Pavilion (erected 1913) is a fireproof building 54 feet high on the front and 148 feet deep with circular ends 92 feet in diameter and 20 feet high. The total ground area is 30,000 square feet, and the show arena is 216 feet long and 65 feet wide. Seats of concrete provide accommodations for 2,000. Buildings and Equi-pment 91 Arrangements are to be made providing for a division of the arena into three parts giving three separate judging rooms for instructional purposes. The building also contains class rooms and offices. Stabling will be provided in a separate structure. The exterior is of brick and terra cotta, renaissance in design, the frieze being enriched with medallions of animal heads. The College of Medicine Building (acquired in 1913) in which are housed all the departments except that of anatomy, is a brick and stone structure two hundred feet long by one hun- dred and ten feet deep and five stories high, fronting on three streets. The building contains three lecture rooms with a seating capacity of two hundred each; a clinical amphitheater with a seating capacity of over three hundred; an assembly hall with a seating capacity of seven hundred; besides recitation rooms. It also contains laboratories for physiology, chemistry, materia medica, therapeutics, and microscopical and chemical diagnosis, each accommodating from fifty to one hundred students at a time. A three-story annex to the main building contains the labora- tories used by the departments of pathology, bacteriology and chemistry. All of these laboratories have outside light and are furnished with work tables, desks, lockers and the necessary apparatus. There is a supply of microscopes, lenses and oil im- mersions and a projection apparatus for the illustration of lec- tures by means of stereoptican views. The College of Dentistry is housed in a six-story building, (acquired in 1913) containing three amphitheaters, recitation rooms and lecture rooms, laboratories, dissecting rooms, a clini- cal operating room and an infirmary. A parlor is provided for the use of the women students. The building adjoins that of the College of Medicine. The New Armory (erected 1914-15) comprises a drill room with a clear area 200 by 400 feet and a height of 98 feet at the center, the roof being carried by fourteen three-hinged arches. The sides are of hollow tile, and the ends, supported by columns, are of steel, glass, tile and concrete, with wood frame and sashes. The drill floor is of sufficient area to permit the maneuvering of an entire battalion of the cadet regiment. Provision has been 92 Sixteen Years at the University of Illiyiois made for the addition of a balcony around the drill floor with seats for 3,000 and for the addition of three story facades along the sides, flanked by towers at each end. This will provide space for company rooms, locker rooms, shooting tubes and class rooms. The Isolation Hospital (erected 1908, reconstructed 1914 and 1917) has been used for its present purpose since 1914. It is a substantial one-story stucco building 27 feet by 103. The basement as reconstructed, contains a supply room, laboratory and a complete disinfecting suite, consisting of a formaldehyde room, a septic room, a sterilizing room, and a physicians' wash room, locker room and sterile room. The first floor is divided into three wards entirely unconnected with one another. Each ward has a capacity for seven beds. In connection with each ward is a nurse's room with bath, a diet kitchen, a linen closet, and a bath room. Opening from each ward is a private room for use as an observation room or for serious cases. The build- ing is provided with all necessary sterilizing and antiseptic de- vices in connection with the wards, in addition to the equipment in the basement. The Administration Building (erected 1914-15) is a three- story and basement fireproof building of brick and stone. It is 153 feet long and 661/2 feet deep with a one-story annex, 48 feet by 42 feet, with a total floor area of 36,000 square feet. It contains the rooms of the Board of Trustees and the offices of the President, the Registrar, the Comptroller, the Secretary, the Supervising Architect, the Dean of Men, the High School Visitor, the Adviser to Foreign Students, the Alumni Association, the University Press, and the Information and Stenographic Bureau. This building is the second unit of the Commerce Building, and v/ill eventually be occupied by that College. The Chemistry Laboratory (original structure erected 1901-2 ; addition 1914-15) is a brick building. The original structure is of slow burning construction, and the addition, which will have five stories available, fireproof. The total avail- able fioor area is about 164,000 square feet. The ground plan is a hollow square, the extreme dimensions of which are 230 feet along the front, and 200 feet along the sides. The center court contains the lecture amphitheatre, which seats 390. The side Buildings and Equipment 93 wings of the building contain the general student laboratories, while the center portions of both old and new structures are occupied by offices, class and seminar rooms, library, museums, supply rooms, and graduate research laboratories. The main store room is in the basement under the lecture room. In this building are located also the offices and laboratories of the State Water Survey and the department of bacteriology. The Botany Annex (erected 1914) is a greenhouse laboratory covering 5,000 square feet, divided into compartments that are severally provided with devices for controlling humidity and temperature within close limits for exact experimentation in the fields of plant physiology and pathology. To this laboratory is attached a reconstructed two-story dwelling, giving working and class rooms for use in connection with the experiments conducted under glass. Pharmacy Buildings.— In December, 1915, the University purchased for the School the property located at the corner of Wood and Flournoy Streets and comprising eight city lots with two large brick buildings, connected by a fireproof central stair- way tower. The new quarters were occupied in June, 1916. The Ceramic Engineering Building (erected 1915-16) is a three-story structure, 188 by 65 feet, of fireproof construction, built of texture brick and polychrome terra cotta. The front of the building is decorated with colored tile panels. The roof is of Spanish tile, and the floor of the halls and the corridors of clay tile. The structure is intended to present modern achievement in the use of ceramic structural materials. The third floor is occupied by the State Geological Survey and about one-third of the first floor by the department of applied mechanics. The main portion of the building is utilized by the recitation rooms, labora- tories, and offices of the department of ceramic engineering. The Vivarium (erected 1915-16) occupies the block south of the Illinois Traction System tracks, between Wright and Sixth Streets, the main facade of the building being toward Healy Street. The scheme involves a main building containing eight laboratories, one office, and store rooms, with supplemen- tary greenhouses at each end, and a head house serving two greenhouses together with two screened houses. The main build- 94 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois ing is a brick structure, two stories high, connected to the head house by a one story passage from the main corridor. The build- ing is occupied by the departments of zoology and entomology. The Genetics Building (erected 1915-16) is a one-story brick structure (located on Farm Lane and Mathews Avenue) housing the laboratories, offices and animal rooms of the genetics de- partment of the Agricultural College. The work carried on in this building is done principally by graduate students. The Cattle Feeding Plant (erected 1917) is of brick and wood construction, located on the axis of Fourth Street, south of the "Farm Lane." The lower part is a fireproof structure, 300 feet long, open to the south. The feeding lots are paved with brick and extend out some 30 feet from the building line. The plant is used as a storage place for feed for the animal husbandry department, and the upper stories are constructed as an elevator with large grain bins, where several tons of grain can be elevated, preparatory to grinding, shipping, or feeding. In connection with the plant is a corn crib of the capacity of 12,000 bushels. The four silos to the north are 16 by 70 feet and open into the feed room of the plant. They are of three different materials: tile, concrete, and brick. The President's House (acquired in 1917) is located at 1103 "West Nevada Street, Urbana. It is a two-story stucco building in the modern English style. It contains the usual living and service rooms of a ten-room house, and is featured by a large living-porch opening into an old fashioned trellis-walled garden. The Women's Residence Hall (erected 1917) is located on Nevada Street north of and adjacent to the new athletic field for women. It is a three-story fireproof building of colonial design, with a total frontage of 167 feet and two wings running back 101 feet. It will accommodate 98 girls. There are both double and single rooms, a suite for the matron, an emergency hospital, and rooms for servants. The basement contains the kitchen and two large dining rooms. There are also locker and shower accommodations in the basement for non-resident girls who use the adjacent ath- letic field. Buildings and Equipment 95 In the center of the first floor there is a large living room with adjoining parlors. The wings on each side of the first floor are at a higher line and are occupied by student rooms. There is a large sleeping porch at the south end of each wing on each floor. The ground plan is a U, with the opening toward the south. In the enclosure there is a sunken garden. The Education Building, finished in 1919, is located on the block bounded by Mathews, Springfield, and Goodwin Avenues and Stoughton Street, in Urbana. The portion first erected of the group is 180 feet long and 56 feet wide, without the bays, and will front on Mathews Avenue. It is three stories high above grade and of fireproof construction. The exterior is of Bedford limestone of collegiate Gothic design. The building is intended to perform the functions of a model high school building for 200 pupils. The plans provide for five standard class rooms, rooms for manual training and for com- mercial branches and chemistry, physics and other science laboratories. There are also two small lecture rooms, thirteen recitation rooms, a library, several conference rooms and the faculty offices. The east member of the group will be of the same size and shape as the member recently constructed. The center struc- ture will measure 125 feet from east to west and 85 feet from north to south and will be connected with the east and west members by towers. The Tina Weedon Smith Memorial Music Building (com- pleted 1920) is of fireproof construction, with the public part of the interior richly detailed in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The entrance vestibule and foyer forrji a part of the corridor system, permitting entrances and exits on three sides of the Recital Hall, which has a seating capacity of six hundred and fifty persons on the main floor, and four hun- dred and fifty in the balcony. This room is designed acoustically so as to have a period of reverberation of 1.75 seconds when fully occupied. Provision has also been made for reducing the period of reverberation when there is no audience. On the second floor is the balcony with its foyer and a memorial room, 96 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois housing the portraits of Captain Thomas J. Smith of Champaign, whose generous donation to the building fund made so beauti- ful a building possible, and his wife, to whom the building is dedicated. The working quarters for the School of Music comprise on the first floor a suite for the Director, seven studios, and two class rooms, and on the second floor eleven studios and a large library. In the attic, the balcony exits open directly into the stair halls on either side, and there are in addition, forty-nine practise rooms and a lecture room seating about one hundred. The estimated cost of the building is $450,000. The Artillery Barns were constructed in 1919-20 to provide for horses sent to the University by the Federal Government in connection with the instruction in Military Science. A special State appropriation of $25,000 was made in 1919 to construct these barns. Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment In the two tables which follow, a statement is presented of the value of the furniture and fixtures, and of the depart- mental equipment owned by the University in 1904 and in 1917. INVENTORY OF FUENITURE AND FIXTURES AT JUNE 30, 1904 AND AT JUNE 30, 1918 *1904 ^918 Liberal Arts and Sciences Group $27,022.95 $ 99,882.21 Engineering Group 15,028.65 68,503.96 Agricultural Group 77.80 48,971.27 Law Building 2,785.65 9,790.59 Commerce Building 9,241.26 General and Miscellaneous 24,032.10 55,587.90 Administration 15,569.97 Medical and Dental Buildings 8,181.87 27,452.30 Pharmacy Buildings 4,213.53 3,441.99 Totals $81,342.55 $338,441.45 ^Cf. Rept., Univ. of 111., 1906, p. 36. =Cf. Comptroller's Report, Univ. of 111., 1918, p. 97, flp. Genetics laboralon/ State Entomologists OHice Buildings and Equipment 97 INVENTOEY OF DEPAETMENTAL EQUIPMENT AT JUNE 30, 1904 AND AT JUNE 30, 1918 »1904 =1918 Administrative Offices $ 7,917.42 College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. General Office $ 188.50 445.45 Art and Design 4,508.12 3,152.92 Astronomy 9,267.00 14,727.64 Bacteriology , . 6,403.97 Botany 6,746.80 22,064.89 Chemistry 15,030.28 55,931.26 Classics 417.08 1,432.59 Education 26.20 2,504.93 English 30.00 2,034.42 Entomology 8,367.02 Geology 20,597.42 19,157.74 Germanic Languages 14.00 869.43 History 97.90 1,184.38 Mathematics 332.33 3,100.98 Philosophy 107.98 Physiology 4,764.98 3,309.56 Political Science 46.75 20.00 Psychology 1,350.78 10,812.23 Eomance Languages 12.00 419.85 Sociology 747.91 Zoology 6,479.45 21,558.12 Classical Museum 2,839.37 11,143.20 Museum of European Culture 11,132.56 Museum of Natural History 10,000.00 10,429.95 Oriental Museum 3,185.00 Totals, Liberal Arts and Sciences $82,748.96 $ 214,243.98 College of Agriculture and Agricultural Ex- periment Station 60,425.37 291,948.69 College of Engineering and Engineering Ex- periment Station General Office 1,724.94 2,434.93 Architecture 5,558.18 8,003.82 Ceramic Engineering 18,580.49 Civil Engineering 8,110.00 21,941.20 Electrical Engineering 17,959.03 68,022.99 General Engineering Drawing 1,082.19 Mechanical Engineering 31,358.72 75,318.70 'Cf. Eept., Univ. of 111., 1904, p. 35 ^Cf. Comptroller 's Eeport, Univ. of 111., 1918, p. 98 98 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois Mining Engineering 25,307.98 Municipal and Sanitary Engineering and Theoretical and Applied Mechanics... 9,902.60 55,087.60 Physics 19,777.55 80,531.23 Eailway Engineering 69,072.31 Totals, Engineering $ 94,391.02 $ 425,383.44 Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry 17,956.24 141,039.94 School of Pharmacy 8,182.60 13,821.11 College of Commerce and Business Adminis- tration =153.42 4,241.03 College of Law 222.75 School of Library Science 250.00 569.40 School of Music 2,568.30 4,525.67 Graduate School 576.24 Academy 776.51 Illinois Historical Survey 530.95 General Departments Library 103,970.47 659,225.31 Physical Education for Men 2,250.25 4,155.09 Physical Education for Women 558.95 2,022.14 Military 23,640.62 «14,282.01 Military Band 439.50 10,097.43 Health Service 846.44 Other Departments 63.00 25,585.44 Totals, General Departments $130,922.79 $ 716,213.86 Physical Plant (Urbana) 88,741.95 159,237.82 Totals for University $487,117.16 =$1,972,554.88 Although the distinction between equipment, on one hand, and furniture and fixtures, on the other was made less exactly in 1904 than in 1918, the comparison indicated in the foregoing tables represents with reasonable accuracy the increase in the value of these items during the last fourteen years. For the University as a whole the value of furniture and fixtures rose from $81,342.55 in 1904 to $338,441.45 in 1918— a gain of $257,098.90 or over 310 per cent. Of the Colleges, Agri- culture shows the most remarkable increase, having furniture 'Department of Economics only ^Includes equipment loaned by U. S. Government valued at $10,- 112.65. 'The total on June 30, 1919, was $2,402,108.64 Buildings and Equipment 99 and fixtures valued at $48,971.27 in 1918 as against only $77.80 in 1904. The total value of departmental equipment, exclusive of de- partmental furniture and fixtures, was $487,117.16 in 1904, and $1,972,554.88 in 1918. This indicates a gain of $1,485,437.72 or nearly 305 per cent for the period. Of the various divisions of the University, the College of Agriculture, the Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry, the Library, the Military Band; the department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Col- lege of Engineering, and the departments of Education, English, Germanic Languages, History, Mathematics, Psychology and Romance Languages, of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, all show an increase considerably above the general average for the University. Of the divisions for which no departmental equipment was reported in 1904, the College of Commerce and Business Administration; the departments of Ceramic, Mining and Railway Engineering ; and the departments of Bacteriology, Entomology and Sociology of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, are shown to have acquired the largest amount of equip- ment during the period. CHAPTER IV LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS The importance to a university of adequate library and museum facilities can scarcely be overestimated. Unless a uni- versity is willing to cut loose from the past with its accumulated knowledge, and from the outside world of the present day with its incredibly rapid progress in the fields of science and in- dustry, means must be provided for making a knowledge of the activities of other men readily accessible to the investigator, be he student or professor. Apparently in the early years of the University the necessity of providing for the ordinary maintenance of the various de- partments, and later, for additional land and buildings urgently needed, as well, seemed to the trustees to preclude the possi- bility of making material annual additions to the University library or museums. As a result the University of Illinois was soon outstript in this respect by its sister institutions of learn- ing, and it is only by following a policy within recent years of making annual appropriations of considerable size for these pur- poses, that the University is beginning to make a respectable showing in this essential form of equipment of an institution of learning. "Among all the institutes or departments of a university, none is of more fundamental necessity than the university library. No scientific work can be done nowadays of any real value, aside from those extraordinary cases of genius which oc- cur now and then in human history and which seem to be inde- pendent of all conditions and exceptions to all rules, without the aid of an adequate library. "The library, of course, contains the result of the experi- ence of the human race up to the present time. It is of value from various points of view. First of all, it saves time, inas- much as men need not undertake to do again scientific Avork which has already been done. It provides the assistance which a scien- tific man needs by putting at his disposition the results of all 100 Libraries and Museums 101 previous work which bears upon his immediate problem, and without which he could not undertake to solve it. It acts further as a great stimulus to scientific work on the part of the mem- bers of an instructional staff, and on the part of the student body of the University. So important is this influence that it has been said that a great library will under favorable condi- tions become a great university. Books are not dead. They are alive to the man who comes in contact with them and knows how to use them. They are the sources of inspiration and power, and not merely of knowledge. ''It is safe to say that the University of Illinois Library is most inadequate for the purposes which a university library ought to serve. No man in our faculty can today carry on a scientific investigation in any line without running up very soon against an absolutely impenetrable stone wall, because he has not access to the entire experience of the race and he is therefore groping blindly in whatever he is attempting to do ; duplicating work which other men have done ; attempting to do things Avhich other men have demonstrated to be impossible; experimenting without the advantage of the experience of the men who have gone before him. ''The people of this State, Avhether for weal or woe, located the University of Illinois in a village 125 miles from any im- portant collection of books. Speaking generally, therefore, the library which is to quicken and stimulate and fructify scholar- ship and investigation at the University of Illinois must be a library located upon the campus of the University. "We need, therefore, a much larger collection of books, other things being equal, than does the University of Chicago, or Har- vard, or Yale, or Columbia, or Pennsylvania, all of which insti- tutions are located within easy reach of collections which in the aggregate are two or three or four times their own collections. "The following list gives the number of volumes in twelve libraries of the universities of this country : 102 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Name Number of volumes in library. Number of volumes in other available libraries in the neighborhood. Cost of Library Building. 1 Harvard 882,104 600,000 450,000 395,209 384,000 357,411 334,400 372,300 270,998 210,000 191,000 188,000 1,830,000 109,000 3,230,000 30,000 82,000 l,393,'0OO 1,359,000 5,000 8,000 37,000 338,000 34,000 2 Yale $ 550,000,00 3 Columbia 1,100,000.00 260,000.00 4 Cornell 5 Wisconsin 6 Chicago 610,000.00 (?) 1,000,000.00 7 Pennsylvania 8 Princeton 9 Michigan 800,000.00 10 California 11 Brown 12 Illinois 160,000.00 ''Harvard University has access to additional collections amounting to more than two millions of volumes. The New York collections of four millions of volumes are accessible to Yale within a two hours' ride. Pennsylvania has, of course, Johns Hopkins and Washington on one side, Princeton and New York on the other, within easy reach: while Princeton has Philadel- phia on one hand and New York on the other, "It will be seen that the collections of the University of Illinois are very far inferior to those of Harvard and Yale and Columbia and Chicago, although all these institutions are located in the midst of a very hotbed, so to speak, of other library col- lections. It will also be seen that the University of Illinois is inferior in actual number of books, to Cornell and Michigan and Wisconsin, though Michigan does not have an agricultural school in connection with it, and therefore does not need the great segment of a university library represented by the agri- cultural literature of the world, "It is plain that the University of Illinois cannot hope to take its place among the great institutions of the world as a real center of learning and investigation until it has much larger library facilities, "The University should look forward to the accumulation of a collection of at least a million of books as rapidly as is at Libraries and MiLseums 103 all possible and at all consistent with due regard for other in- terests. Roughly speaking, it will take about $1,000,000.00 to house a million books ; and either in the form of a new library building which might be put up in four $250,000.00 sections, or in the form of an addition to and an enlargement of the present library building, at a somewhat similar expense, we must make provision for such collection. ' ' Speaking from an experience of eight years as your execu- tive officer, I think I may say that I have had more people whom I have approached to consider positions at the University of Illinois decline the proposition because of the lack of library facilities than for any other reason; even more than because of the inadequate salaries which we offer for many of our posi- tions as compared with the salaries which other institutions offer for similar positions. "I have asked the University librarian, in consultation with the Senate committee on the library, to prepare a statement showing the maximum sum of money which year in and year out can wisely be devoted by the University of Illinois to the purchase of books and the cataloging of the same. In view of this fundamental need of all departments alike, I think the trustees should accept this figure, after it has been properly checked up and tested, as the sum which the University ought to ask for in the form of a specific appropriation for the pur- chase of books in the permanent budget of the University, until our collection numbers at least one million volumes. ' ' No one who has not actually attempted to answer the numer- ous questions arising in every library and seminary room, as to what is known about this, that or the other subject, can have any conception of how inadequate our facilities are. To give a slight instance of the imperative need of this material on the one hand and the absolute inability of the University to pro- vide it on the other, I may say that the Governor of the State telegraphed to me one day saying that a bill had been passed by the Legislature and submitted to him for approval or for veto, providing that the milk which was shipped into cities of a certain size in this State should be limited to that which was obtained from tuberculin tested cows. He desired to know first 104 Sixteen Tears at tlie University of Illinois what similar laws existed in this and other states and this and other countries. He desired to know further what the experi- ence had been where similar attempts had been made. I found on inquiry that our University Library could not answer any of these questions involved in these simple and j^et fundamental inquiries. There was no collection of the laws relating to the regulation of the milk industry either in this country or abroad. There was no way of finding out where this kind of experiment had been tried in this country or abroad, or how it had worked out. ' ' One of the fundamental distinctions between our American universities as a whole and European universities, is to be found in this matter of library facilities, and I believe that one of the reasons why American scholarship has limped along at such a distance behind European scholarship is to be found in the lack of such inspiration and the lack of such assistance as are afforded by great collections of books, which contain in them- selves the recorded experience of the human race. "^ Progress from 1904 to 1918 That the efforts made during the last decade or more to increase the library facilities of the University have resulted in substantial additions to the number of volumes owned, is indicated by the fact that whereas there were but 66,239 books on the shelves of the Library in 1904, the number had risen by June 30, 1918, to 387,999 volumes, ^ — an increase of over 485 per cent for the fourteen year period. A very complete account of the development of the Library during this period is given in the folloAving statement by Mr. F. K. W. Drury, Assistant Librarian of the University :3 A "third of a million volumes" sounds like a considerable number of items. They take considerable shelf room — seven ^A memorandum on the needs of the Library presented to the Board of Trustees by the President of the University at a meeting held June 7, 1912.— Rept., Univ. of 111., 1912, p. 595 ^Does not include the 22,576 volumes in the libraries of the Chicago Departments. *A revision by Mr. Drury, for this report, of an article contributed by him to the Alumni Quarterly in April, 1915. Libraries and Museums 105 miles or so — and 600,000 cards to index them. But when the wide range of subjects is considered and the varied lines of in- struction and research are divided into this collection, each de- partment seems to have only begun to collect the material which it needs. The library dwarfs by reason of the vastness of its field. All of agriculture, all of engineering, all of science and use- ful arts (except medicine, dentistry and pharmacy, Avhich have a separate library of 22,576 volumes in Chicago), all of the literature and the humanities, all human knowledge in fact, save theology, must be represented in this library. This is a broad field to cover. Specialization and concentra- tion in thirty-five or fifty subjects makes a large collection necessary. Nor will it do to compare Illinois with institutions which have no colleges of agriculture or engineering. Neither has Illinois a group of large libraries close at hand upon whose resources the investigator may draw, as is the case with Chicago, Columbia, Harvard, Pennsylvania and others in or near large cities. Because of this wide range of interests and its isolation, the 387,999 volumes now at Illinois do not com- pare favorably with the equipment of other institutions nor with that needed for efficient instruction and research such as is expected of an institution offering much graduate work. The Library was established at the very beginning of the institution. In 1867 the trustees bought 644 volumes with $1000 appropriated for that purpose, and so important did this pur- chase seem that Regent Gregory made personal selection of them. But the Library 's marked growth has been only during the last seventeen years. Until 1897 no amount appropriated for books was higher than $1500 per annum. With the new building then erected the annual appropriation was made $10,000 and this has been enlarged year by year through $20,000 and $25,000 appropriations until the serious and determined effort of the administration to make this an important library has consider- ably increased that amount. The result has been a rapid in- crease in the size of the Library. Numbering 70,000 volumes in 1904, in 1918 this has been increased fivefold; to be exact, to 387,999 volumes on June 30, 1918. The sums actually ex- 106 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois pended for books during the last six years have been approxi^ mately as follows: 1912-13 $46,000 1915-16 $76,000 1913-14 96,000 1916-17 85,000 1914-15 58,000 1917-18 69,000 An important phase of this increase is not alone in the ac- quisition of books by purchase, but also in the development of a department of exchanges and gifts. A special assistant was appointed in 1907 to arrange for exchanges with learned societies and other institutions. The marked result was to increase the number of exchange items received from 41 in 1907 to 405 in 1908 after one year of work; to 1,478 in 1914, and to 2,441 in 1915. But, owing to the war, the number of volumes added by exchange fell to 767 in 1916, 311 in 1918, and an important item here has been the exchange of doctor's dissertations, which in the case of German universities has brought great returns. Gifts likewise have increased through the systematic activity by the same department from 1500 in 1907 to 5300 in 1914. In 1917-18 the number was 3,322. Illinois has had no accumulation of past ages, few gifts of worthless or undesirable material, and, of course, has bought only the books that have been absolutely needed. Consequently its stock is alive and up to date; often indeed the historical aspects of a subject have been neglected while its technical and practical sides have been developed. Only time and continued active purchase can remedy such defects. The manner of the rather uneven growth of the Library can be easily understood when it is known that each department has had the selection of the books in its own subject. Limited funds have caused limited purchasing, and the books bought have been along the line of the study and research pursued by each department. Unequal development has resulted, but Illinois has a practical working library bought with the needs of the departments in mind. Since the Graduate School was reorganized in 1906, a special effort has been made to develop certain fields for broad research, and appropriate library purchases have been encouraged by the administration. As a consequence of the use of Graduate School Libraries and Museunis 107 funds, a secondary method of development has been used which supplements the departmental method. Special appropriations have been made for purchases which cut across the main stream. Thus an appropriation for strengthening the library collection of biographies was supplementary to all departmental growth. With the building of Lincoln Hall in 1909, a new feature was developed which has given a marked impetus to the growth of special departments and subjects: the seminar and depart- ment library and librarian. In this building are housed six col- lections, selected from the general library, each in charge of a librarian trained in the special subject. At present these branch libraries contain deposits as follows: Education, philosophy and psychology, 15,500 volumes; classics, 23,000 volumes; modern languages, 27,000 volumes; English, 16,400 volumes; history and political science, 20,000 volumes; economics and sociology, 24,000 volumes. As might be expected, these depart- mental libraries, and the others on the campus, like architecture, chemistry and so on, which have a librarian in charge who is also a trained bibliographer, have been making noticeable progress in building up collections and in starting to round out the libraries in these subjects. The architectural library reflects the personality of Professor N. C. Ricker, after whom it was formally named in January, 1917. Thruout the years by careful selection and buying, he has built up a fine working library of 4700 volumes, strong in general architecture and construction, as might be expected from the man, but well developed also in history, decoration and ornament, and painting and sculpture. Mathematics has sim- ilarly been developed by successive members of the faculty, till the 5610 volumes cover all the main journals and a good pro- portion of the literature. Law has its separate library, with 22,000 volumes. Here will be found the reports of last resort of all the states, statutes and session laws of all the states, all reports of the appellate courts, all the published case law of the United States, all the Canadian reports except Quebec and prac- tically complete sets of the English and Irish reports. There is also a good collection of legal treatises, digests and citations. Chemistry, with 10,500 volumes of standard works and sets of periodicals, has been developed in all fields — organic and in- 108 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois organic, analytical, physical, industrial and physiological. The departments of botany, geology and zoology have combined with the State Laboratory of Natural History to form one central li- brary in these subjects. The State Laboratory is especially strong in entomology, with much attention given to fresh water animals and oligochaetes. In this Zoology has also aided, though devoting itself mainly to the purchasing of the sets and journals which are so necessary. Geology has developed a good collection of local paleontology. Botany has featured the morphologic, pathologic and physiologic sides, rather to the neglect of systematic botany, which has however received attention since the coming of Pro- fessor William Trelease in 1913, over $3,000 having been spent in this field. Physics, and railway and mining engineering, have selected libraries of 5,000 and 4,000 volumes, respectively. Library science, with 3,000 volumes, strengthened in 1905 with the Dziatzko •^ library of 500 items in library economy and paleography, features also its collection of library reports and bulletins. In 1915 a special reading room for the College of Agri- culture, with a librarian in charge, was opened, and here have been centered the varied interests of that college, making it more than a reading room — in fact a real departmental library, with 9,000 volumes. In 1916 a similar reading room was opened for the College of Engineering, and it is rapidly developing into a departmental library for the departments which have no special seminar col- lection. There are now 5,000 volumes. The erection of the Commerce Building in 1912 resulted in the establishment of a special reading room in that building for students in the College of Commerce and Business Administra- tion, in addition to the departmental libraries of Economics and Political Science located in Lincoln Hall. The Commerce read- ing room contains at the present time about 2,000 volumes. Just as these branch libraries have divided into special groups, so the books ordered have been selected by the various depart- ments of instruction. Being thus roughly classified by subject, it has been possible in placing the orders to select dealers who *Karl Dziatzko, librarian of Gottingen University Libraries and Museums 109 have specialized in certain subjects, such as mathematics, natural science, philosophy, etc. Such special dealers have helped greatly in securing out-of-print books which are so essential in rounding out the literature of a subject. Of course, books have been bought in every sort of way as best they might be secured : through book stores, library agents, second-hand dealers, direct with publishers, and so on. Large selections have been made from catalogs of second-hand books, and frequently a successful long-distance bid at a New York or Boston auction will add a prize to the library. The book trade has been interrupted during the war, in com- mon with all other business, but it is only with Germany and Austria that there has been anything more serious than mere delay. For a time it was possible to obtain books and periodicals from these countries by mail, after freight and express ship- ments had been stopped. But all imports from Germany and its allies have ceased since May, 1916. Numerous periodicals in all countries, however, have kept up regular publication but often in a greatly reduced size for each issue. The English trade has sufPered the least and shipments both by freight and mail have been about normal. An outstanding feature of the library as a whole is its collec- tion of serials, covering not only periodicals, but annuals and reports. In 1911 a list of these was printed which ran to over 7,000 titles. This material is the result of systematic effort cov- ering a period of ten years made in the sound belief that no im- portant research in a subject can be carried on without access to its development as recorded in the accepted means of com- munication among scholars. It was in 1903 that the first money was definitely assigned for the purchase of "sets," and these form a very significant part of the Library, The general Library has also featured its reference and bibliographical work, with the result of maintaining a working collection of the important tools in these two allied lines. The purchase of the Dittenberger^ library in 1907 and the Vahlen« library in 1913, together with 13,250 dissertations =Wilhelm Dittenberger, professor of classical philology in Halle Uni- versity 'Johannes Vahlen, professor in Berlin University 110 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois bought in 1914, has made the Classics library one of the best working classical libraries in the Middle West. It is especially- strong in epigraphy, history and grammar, in editions of Greek and Latin authors, and in sets of classical journals. The Economics library has been built up along the lines of economics theory, history, labor, socialism, money and banking, public finance, commerce, transportation and insurance. Its strength is shown in that it was selected as one of fourteen libraries to be represented in a check list on the economics of railway transportation. Municipal documents have been col- lected with much energy and care. They comprise charters, council proceedings, ordinances and reports of all important cities in the United States and in foreign countries, as well as city journals, and the publications of municipal leagues and civic clubs. The items run to over 3,000 titles. In addition to this, the Political Science Department has developed a collection of the proceedings of constitutional con- ventions which is of more than ordinary importance. The library also has important collections of the United States government documents, the British "blue books," the German Reichstag proceedings, the Spanish parliamentary papers and other official documents. A foundation of the development of an educational library was laid when the Aron''' library, containing 5,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, was purchased in 1913. Features of this col- lection are the original and early editions of Comenius, and the fundamental treatises of Pestalozzi and Froebel. German language and literature was strengthened in 1908 by the gift of the Karsten^ library and in 1909 by the purchase of the Heyne^ library; while the romance languages were bolstered in 1912 by the purchase of the Groberi" library. On the basis of these collections there is opportunity for work and study in philology and linguistics, which has been further enriched by the purchase of several hundred dictionaries of all languages, and special treatises. 'Dr. E. Aron, professor in Berlin University 'Gustav E. Karsten, professor in the Univ. of 111. "Mortiz Heyne, professor in Gottingen University ^"Gustav Grober, professor in Strassburg University Libraries and Museums 111 A few representative groups in the Modern Languages are the nineteenth century German authors, the mystics typified by Jakob Boehme, and the medieval French epic. Nevertheless, only a beginning has been made in supplying the works in the German and French literatures themselves, while in the collec- tion of the allied languages of Spanish, Italian and Scandinavian the first move was authorized but a few years ago. English literature covers a wide field, from the old English authors to those of the twentieth century. Concentration has been possible on the seventeenth and eighteenth century periodi- cals of which there are the original issues of the Spectator, the Tatler and the London Gazette from 1665 to 1700; on English fiction prior to Sir Walter Scott; on Elizabethan and post-restoration drama ; and on folk-lore. History also has an extensive field with just a few periods represented to a reasonable degree, such as Prussian history. The systematic buying of serials has given this library a grati- fying proportion of the 2,000 in European history mentioned in the Richardson check list issued by the American historical asso- ciation. The possession of such sets as the Monumenta Ger- maniae Historica and the publications of the Russian and French historical societies indicates some of the source material in con- tinental history. For English and medieval history, sources have also been sought, such as the parliamentary journals and debates, the papers or "blue books" already mentioned, the various "Rolls series," and the many publishing societies, as the Camden, the Selden, the Surtees. American history has been developed naturally for the "West and Illinois, until there is now a representative collection of early western travel and rare eighteenth century items, including copies of manuscripts and original maps. Colonial history also has not been neglected. The purchase of the library of H. A. Rattermann of Cincinnati in 1915 gave to the Library an im- portant collection on the German- Americans of North and South America and on the influence of German culture in the New World. Recent purchases in Latin American history have secured many standard legislative sets, and this large and important 112 Sixteen Years at the TJniversity of Illinois field in history and economics is being gleaned by systematic buying. Professor W. S. Eobertson returned in the summer of 1917 from a year's tour of the South American republics, where he purchased for the Library sets and books to a value of $5,000. In addition he effected many important exchanges. In agricultural literature, the Library has made a good start in collecting serials and reports, as well as in featuring the publications of the agricultural experiment stations, and the herd, flock and stud registers of pedigreed stock. With the opening of an agricultural reading room in 1913 a systematic growth may be expected in all these subjects. So far especial attention has been given to the study of soils, animal nutrition, landscape gardening and horticulture. Music and art are represented by works on the technique of the subjects — such books as would help in the actual instruc- tion. At the present time a library of organ music is being collected. Mention should be made also of the collection of a repre- sentative file of newspapers. Back files such as the London Times, 1833 to date, and the New York Tribune from the begin- ning, are only part of a series starting with the first newspapers and forming a chronological conspectus which presents a copy of a newspaper for each year since that early date, save only a few years in the early eighteenth century. The collection of the publications of other colleges and uni- versities is also very representative and of great use and interest. Incunabula are very sparsely represented, and their presence being due more to accident in being found in the libraries bought than to any intent in purchasing them. Maps are also receiv- ing attention after long neglect, and with special facilities for storing them, the library desires to obtain large numbers. Of interest in the present collection are the maps showing the ex- plorations in the great northwest territory in the eighteenth century. Various outside agencies are helping the library to develop. The Order of B 'nai B 'rith has contributed money for the pur- chase of books of Jewish interest. The Irish and Celtic societies are interesting themselves in the study of Irish. The School l^hLfsics^ laboratonf Ceramics IBufldin^ Tramporiaiion ^uildin^and Ji^inin^ Labomionf Libraries and Museums 113 of Military Aeronautics located here in 1917 has caused a notice- able purchase of books of flying and aircraft. Books on all phases of the World War have been gathered from all sources. The recent appointment of a professor of Oriental languages, literatures and archeology has resulted in a notable increase of books on these special subjects, while for the past two years the literature of Italy has been developed thru the appointment of a head of the Department of Romance Languages whose chief work has been in the field of Italian language and literature. From all this it is evident that there has been built a story or two of a well rounded scholarly library structure. The foun- dation has been laid upon which such a library can be erected. Even a half million volumes will not give a necessary equipment. A university is not rated as such by the size and number of its buildings, nor by the charter-given privilege of granting advanced degrees, nor by the range of its instruction, be it from Babylonian inscriptions to the virus of smallpox. A university is judged by the completeness of its equipment of laboratory, library and learned men. The field of absolute knowledge may well fall within the range of the college. The university accepts this and works from known facts to unknown facts ; until these new facts are either justified or denied by investigation and research. The investigator must first of all plow his way through the present knowledge of his special subject, must orientate him- self, and noting its tends and tendencies, must progress to the end he aims at. His tools for all this must be in the library, as it is through books, journals, digests, reports, bulletins, etc., that he picks his way; and woe to him who neglects to learn what others may have done before him. To a large university, therefore, a large library is something absolutely indispensable. The collection at the University of Illinois has been and still is inadequate; only in a few lines does it approximate more than a primal working group of books. Hence the growth must be rapid, more so than it is now, if the University of Illinois is ever to come abreast in library resources with other institu- tions of its class." 114 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois The Quine Library of the College op Medicine^ ^ The nucleus of the Quine Library of the College of Medi- cine was a collection of books given to the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons of Chicago by Mrs. A. Reeve Jackson in 1892 after the death of Dr. Jackson, the first president of the College. Although unimportant in itself, this gift interested Dr. Quine in libraries as a means of promoting medical education and prompted him to donate a thousand volumes for the establish- ment of a students' library at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. During the years when this library was trying to prove its usefulness and justify its right for support. Dr. Quine was its loyal friend, and made an annual donation of three hundred dollars toward its maintenance. For some time Dr. Bayard Holmes, who had made a study of library methods, performed the duties of librarian, but in 1895 a regular librarian was employed to classify and organize the library, and a special room was set apart for library pur- poses. The library has been the recipient of many donations ranging from single pamphlets to over two thousand volumes. This large gift consisted of bound journals and formed the major part of the collection known as the "Columbus Memorial Library." With the moving of the ' ' Senn Collection ' ' to the Crerar Library there was no longer need for another medical library in the ''Loop District" of Chicago, and the Columbus Memorial Collec- tion was added to the Quine Library. By the beginning of 1902, 5,000 volumes had been accumu- lated, a large proportion of the books having been given by mem- bers of the faculty, or secured by exchange with other libraries. At the beginning of 1910, the library had grown to 10,000 volumes. The growth from that time is represented by the fol- lowing statistics: During 1910-11 the library increased to 10,375 volumes. " 1911-12 " " " " 10,876 " " 1912-13 " " " " 11,151 " '^A special statement prepared by William H. Browne, Secretary of the College of Medicine. Libraries and Museums 115 During 1913-14 the library increased to 11,701 volumes " 1914-15 " " " " 14,200 " " 1915-16 " " " " 15,901 " " 1916-17 *' " " " 17,668 " " 1917-18 " " " " 18,799 " The periodical subscription list now numbers some two hun- dred and fifty English, German, French and Italian journals of medicine, dentistry and the allied sciences. A Dental Department has been added to the library and a small but well selected collection of dental books and journals has been secured. Additions are constantly being made and a valuable working collection of dental books is rapidly being formed. In January, 1914, a library committee, consisting of Dr. Dreyer, Dr. D. J. Davis, Dr. A. C. Eyeleshymer, Dr. C. A. Wood and Dr. Coolidge, was appointed. Since the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons became the College of Medicine of the Uni- versity of Illinois the library has grown very rapidly, much in the number of volumes and more in scientific importance. The aim of the library committee has been to complete the journal files, but the task has been unusually difficult, owing to the war conditions. . After considering the books needed by the students, the de- partments conducting research work have been given first con- sideration in the purchase of journal sets, monographs and text- books. The library, situated as it is in the heart of the medical center of Chicago, has an opportunity to serve a large proportion of the medical interest of Chicago, as well as the students and fac- ulty of the college with which it is connected, and the hope is that it may grow to meet this opportunity. A New Library Building The crowded condition of the Library Building in the year 1912 made it evident that it would be necessary to make prompt provision for additional room, both to accommodate the increas- ing number of volumes, and to render the facilities of the Library fully available to students and faculty. As it was felt by the 116 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois trustees that the erection of a building large enough to meet the present needs of the University and the demands of the immediate future was impossible at that time, a substantial addi- tion was made in 1914 to the structure erected in 1897.^2 ^yj^i as it was evident that only temporary relief would be afforded by this measure, plans for a larger and adequate building were given consideration at the same time, to be erected at the earliest date that the resources of the University would permit.^^ On January 7, 1913, tentative plans were presented to the Board by the supervising architect for a structure to be erected south of the junction of Wright Street and Armory Avenue. The plan then presented, but as subsequently modified in certain respects, calls for a building having its north and south axis on the center of Wright Street prolonged, and its east and west axis coincident with the east and west axis of the Armory, prolonged. It is proposed to erect the building in sections, the later sections to be added as needed. ^^ It has been estimated that the erection of the first unit will necessitate an expenditure of from $750,000 to $1,000,000.15 The first unit of the Library Building was one of four structures which it was the intention of the trustees to build from the special $2,000,000 appropriation asked of the Legislature in 1917 for the inaugura- tion of a comprehensive building program.!^ The decision of the Governor and the General Assembly to curtail the erection of all buildings by state institutions during the biennium 1917-19 will necessitate the postponement of the erection of the new Library Building for at least two years. To tide over the time until the new library building could be erected the trustees decided to add to the present structure. Museums At the second meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Uni- versity, held May 8, 1867, Regent Gregory, chairman of the ^=Rept., Univ. of 111., 1914, pp. 191, 273, 704, 725, 727 "Rept., Univ. of 111., 1914, pp. 136, 148, 160, 259, 264, 674, 698 "Ibid, pp. 160, 725; 1916 pp. 299, 922, 933; Min. of Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 100 "Rept., Univ. of 111., 1916, p. 934; Min. of Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 100 "Min. of Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 262 I! Libraries and Museums 117 committee on faculty and course of study, made a detailed re- port which was accepted by the trustees and ordered published "as embodying the aims and designs of the University." In this report the following paragraph appears :^^ "The department of Fine Arts will require casts, photo- graphs or engravings of the great masterpieces in art. These may be obtained at reasonable rates, and original drawings, paintings and sculptures will in due time be added. The health- ful, refining and stimulating influence of such collections on the minds of the young must be seen to be properly appreciated. ' ' The limited funds of the University were evidently thought by the Board insufficient to permit of an appropriation for ob- jects of art, and an art collection when finally started came as a result of a campaign instituted by Regent Gregory among the citizens of Urbana and Champaign. In the annual meeting in the spring of 1874 Dr. Gregory announced that about $2,000 had been subscribed for this purpose, and requested that the large hall above the library (then in University Hall) be set apart for the art collection. ^^ In December of the same year Dr. Gregory reported that the proposed plan had been consummated and that the Univer- sity was "now in possession of one of the best collections of casts of celebrated statuary, and other sculptures, to be found in this country. "19 The collection comprised also "a large number of fine en- gravings, and a hundred photographs taken directly from the original paintings in the great national galleries." The Art Museum remained in University Hall until 1897, and was then removed to the newly constructed Library Hall.^^^ Eleven years later, when the growth of the Library and the Library School necessitated the use of the entire building by these interests, the art objects were again moved, this time to various University buildings. Of the objects contained in the original collection nine heroic antique statues were placed in the foyer of the Auditorium, three in University Hall and one I'Eept., Univ. of 111., 1878, p. 60 ^^Eept., Univ. of 111., 1873, pp. 91-92 ^"Eept., Univ. of 111., 1876, p. 91 =°Eept., Univ. of 111., 1898, p. 193 118 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois in Lincoln Hall ; twenty reduced statues were placed in Univer- sity Hall, one in Lincoln Hall and four in Engineering Hall; Ihirty-three busts were placed in University Hall, sixty-six in Lincoln Hall and one in Engineering Hall. The various bas reliefs, vases, relief heads, medallions in plaster, engravings, lithographs, photographs and paintings were similarly dis- tributed. Upon the erection of a suitable building it is expected that these objects will be again assembled for display as a single collection. Since 1877 biennial appropriations have been made by the General Assembly for ''cabinets" as follows r^i STATE APPEOPRIATIONS FOR 1869-1911 CABINETS AND COLLECTIONS Biennium Amount 1877-79 $ 6,500.00 1879-81 1,000.00 1881-83 1,000.00 1883-85 2,000.00 1885-87 2,000.00 1887-89 2,000.00 1889-91 1,000.00 1891-93 1,000.00 1895-97 2,000.00 1897-99 2,000.00 1899-1901 2,000.00 1901-03 2,000.00 1903-05 4,000.00 1905-07 4,000.00 1907-09 4,000.00 1909-11 4,000.00 1911-13 8,000.00 Total $48,500.00 These sums have been expended in building up not only the Fine Arts Museum already described but also various depart- mental museums and collections to be mentioned later. Among the more important additions made to the fine arts collection ^Special Report by Comptroller, Univ. of 111., on State Appropriations, April 3, 1913, Schedule 211 Libraries and Musewms 119 within the last ten years is a series of 81 German and Japanese prints purchased from the St. Louis Exposition in 1905.22 The most noteworthy change in the museum equipment of the University during the past decade was the creation of two new museums in 1911 known respectively as the Museum of Classical Archeology and Art and the Museum of European Culture. These have been installed in rooms on the fourth floor of Lincoln Hall.23 A description of these museums by their re- spective curators follows. The Museum of Natural History24 Previous to 1909, the collections of Natural History were contained in a large room in University Hall. This room was poorly lighted and the collections were in constant danger of ' destruction by fire. In 1909, the material was removed to the fireproof hall in the new addition to the Natural History Build- ing. Since the new hall has but two-thirds as much floor space as the old room in University Hall, it has been necessary to utilize a room on the upper floor of the Physics Building to care for the surplus collections. A quantity of material not afPected by dampness has also been stored in a large room in the base- ment of the Natural History Building. In 1913, the University cooperating with the American Museum of Natural History and the American Geographical So- ciety, participated in the Crocker Land Expedition to Greenland and adjacent parts of Arctic America. The collections brought back by the expedition, including upwards of 800 specimens of mammals, birds, mollusks and ethnological material, add very materially to the value of the Museum exhibits. Since the removal of the collections from the old hall, much valuable material has been acquired. Among this material are an excellent series of implements of the Indians of the New England states, many carefully prepared specimens from the Pacific coast and the Bermudas, collected by former students ; the Barnum collection of 2,000 birds eggs, especially rich in the ^Eegister, University of Illinois, 1916-17, p. 60 ^Rept., Univ. of 111., 1912, p. 434 "^By Frank Collins Baker 120 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois rarer species of the southwestern states; extensive collections of mollusks from North and South America, including a very- complete collection of the river mussels (Unionidae) of the United States ; a large collection of Pleistocene fossils from Illi- nois ; a large assortment of gems and precious stones ; and a collection of the more common minerals. The Museum collec- tions now number upwards of 200,000 specimens. During the curatorship of Professor Frank Smith the old wooden cases were largely replaced by the modern bronze and glass eases, so that a greatly improved appearance in the exhibi- tion hall has been effected. The collections have also been cata- loged, both numerically in book form and indexed by cards, and it is possible for the first time in the history of the Museum to know what is in the possession of this department. The increase in the Museum collections and the demand for their proper display made it evident that sooner or later it would be necessary to appoint a trained museum man who could give his entire time to the development and care of the Museum. In January, 1918, this was done. The Museum is now being developed along two quite dis- tinct lines. First, the exhibit series which, being made distinc- tively educational, include a synoptic collection of the animal kingdom, embracing the living and the extinct groups arranged in their natural orders and showing their relationships. This is accomplished by the aid of models, diagrams, figures, speci- mens and descriptive labels. A case illustrating different kinds of variation in animal life is exhibited near this collection. For the agricultural student or the practical farmer, a model showing the twelve most injurious insects that infest the corn plant has been prepared. The group contains wax models of the corn plants with the insects in all stages of growth feeding upon them. For the interpretation of the out-of-doors (Ecology) a habitat group has been made showing the life in and about an old de- caying stump. The background is an enlarged, carefully colored photograph, 40 by 60 inches, of the Brownfield Woods. The plants and other life of such a place are shown. Libraries and Museums 121 An economic collection illustrating the manufacture of pearl and ivory buttons, the former from the pearl oyster, and the latter from the ivory nut, has been presented to the Museum by a large manufacturer. It shows the processes which are nec- essary to produce these articles from the raw material. The above collections and exhibits indicate the different groupings into which the exhibit series naturally form them- selves. These will be expanded and enlarged to include all sub- jects that permit of display. The second line of development is the research or study series. It includes large series of specimens which are used for research purposes and which form the basis for papers al- ready published or for papers in preparation. This line of development is of the highest value, since the accumulation of type or otherwise authentic material, draws men to the Uni- versity for its consultation, or brings requests for the loan of critical material for comparison. At the present time an effort is being made to accumulate as complete a collection as possible of the Mollusca of North America, as well as material from the Pleistocene deposits of America. The time is evidently not far distant when a Museum Build- ing will be a necessity on the campus and the arrangement of the exhibits and the accumulation of the research series are planned with this end in view. With comfortable rooms in which the research series may be made accessible to advanced workers, the museum will become a center of scientific study, where the botanist, the geologist, the zoologist and the ethnologist may come and find material upon which to base their papers and books. The undergraduate student, as well as the casual visitor, may visit the exhibit halls and supplement the information re- ceived in the lectures and in the texts. The Museum of Classical Archaeology and Art^s A review of the growth of the Classical Museum during the six and one-half years in which it has been open to the public must begin with the year 1911, in which the formation of the collection was authorized by the Board of Trustees. In that 'By Arthur Stanley Pease 122 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois year Rooms 402 and 404 Lincoln Hall were put at the disposal of the Museum, the former a large attic room of irregular shape but good lighting, the latter a small and rather dark room in- tended for unpacking and preparing specimens. The academic year 1911-12 was spent in the acquisition of such material as the modest initial appropriation permitted. It was from the beginning recognized that the museum should have two main functions; one scientific affording material for use by students in connection with courses in classics, ancient history, private life, the history of art, archaeology and related topics; the other more broadly artistic, as affording both to students and the visiting public an opportunity to inspect and enjoy objects typical of the best artistic work of antiquity. The old art collection of the University, made in 1876, parts of which are still here and there preserved, emphasized the period of Hellenistic and Roman sculpture. Not to duplicate these objects unnecessarily, it seemed desirable in the newly founded museum to lay especial stress upon (1) the beginnings of Greek art in the remains of the Aegaean Period and (2) the highest development of the art in the fifth and fourth centuries B. C. It was with a collection representing chiefly these two aspects of ancient culture that the museum was finally opened to the public on November 8, 1912. On that occasion a formal address was delivered by Professor Gr. H. Chase of Harvard University upon ''The Relation of Art Collections to the Uni- versity and the People of the State." Since that date the history of the Museum has been not so much one of definite epochs as one of gradual and constant de- velopment. Increasing appropriations and a few generous gifts^^ and loans^^ have made it possible to represent, at first scantily, and latterly somewhat more fully, not only the field of sculpture but also those of ancient painting, architecture (chiefly through the medium of photographs and diagrams), the smaller arts such as glass and metals, and, by means of originals and models, many features of ancient private life. ^'Among donors should be especially mentioned Mr. W. G. Hibbard of Chicago "By Professor J. S. Kingsley, Mr. B. F. Peadro, Professor A. T. 01m- stead and others Libraries and Museums 123 For this constant growth in the collection, increasing space has been required. Room 404 was early devoted to the display of models and other objects of historical rather than artistic interest. In 1914, Room 406 was opened for the use of the Museum and into it were put the parts of the collection belong- ing to the Hellenistic and Roman periods. In 1917, a fourth room (410) was set aside to receive the Babylonian and Egyp- tian materials which had until then been included with the Greek objects. Each of these enlargements, in addition to the extra space which it has made available, has also permitted a more satisfactory classification of specimens and a corresponding diminution of the heterogeneous character which must neces- sarily be found in a small museum of this kind. A detailed catalog of the objects acquired by the Museum would here be out of place, but a few statistics may be of in- terest. At the present time the Museum possesses 20 casts of statues in the round, 14 busts, 127 casts of reliefs, 195 framed pictures and about 2,190 photographs mounted on cards. Most of the other objects are too varied to lend themselves readily to such enumeration, yet there may be mentioned 29 original Greek Papyri, 35 ancient lamps, 86 pieces of ancient glass, and several hundred ancient coins. The proportion of originals se- cured has gradually increased and in 1913-14 half the amount expended upon specimens was for originals. Expense analyses for the fairly typical years 1912-14 show that of the total amounts expended a little more than 68% was for specimens; 17% for cases and framing; 12% for freight; 2% for labor; and 1% for supplies. That the number of visitors has increased as the collection has been developed and become more widely known, is indi- cated by the following table: Nov., 1912-May, 1913 933 Oct., 1913-June, 1914 3,762 July, 1914-June, 1915 5,883 June, 1915-June, 1916 6,210 July, 1916-June, 1917 6,887 June, 1917-June, 1918 6,529 Departments and individual students alike have also used more extensively the facilities of the Museum. Public museum 124 Sixteen Tears at tlie University of Illinois lectures have been tried on several occasions, but the limited space in the rooms and the inconveniences and dangers to the specimens resulting from the crowded condition have greatly hampered this very important feature of the work and for the development of a system of museum docents we must wait till the completion of a museum building with adequate space for both collections and visitors. The rapid growth of the collection and the frequent changes necessary in its arrangement have thus far discouraged the publication of a printed catalog, but this lack has been in part obviated by the prompt and clear labeling of each object on exhibition. On the whole, the collection has been kept a representative one, containing some of the best and most typical work from many different fields. The ampler space of a new museum build- ing, however, will make it possible to develop the collection on the side of Greek sculpture, for additions to which our present quarters offer little opportunity. The Oriental Museum^s The Oriental Museum was formally organized by action of the Board in 1917 and was opened in temporary quarters at ±10 Lincoln Hall the next year. In it were incorporated the various oriental objects hitherto preserved in the IMuseum of Classical Archaeology, and to these were added by loan and by purchase many other originals. Already it possesses a collection of material from the Near East which is of the greatest value in illustrating the various periods of its history. Especially note- worthy is the large amount which throws light upon the Bible and upon Biblical times. To the museum has now been transferred the collection from the excavations of the Egypt Exploration Fund which was pre- sented to the University by Mr. W. G. Hibbard, Jr. From Abydos comes a complete series of vases, from the prehistoric times to the twenty-sixth dynasty ; eight slate palettes of pre- historic date; weights, an offering table, a Graeco-Roman grave stele, and Coptic Coffins ; ostraka w^ith hieroglyphic and demotic «By Oliver Ten. Eyck Olmstead Libraries and Museums 125 writing; two mummified ibises and one hawk. Pottery comes from Ballabish and Sawama. A head piece and a foot piece were found at Atfieh and mummy cloths and necklaces at Taieba. A prehistoric flint knife is loaned by Professor J. S. Kingsbury, and two scarabs and a series of small statuettes by Mr. B. F. Peadro. By purchase has been secured a beautiful diorite head of the best period, a smaller head of marble, two inscribed statuettes, and a collection of alabaster vases. The Babylonian tablets in the Museum number nearly 1,700 and are all unpublished. Over half come from the dynasty of Ur, 2480-2361 B. C, and include the archives of the national stockyards at Drehem, the business records of the city of Umma, vouchers for the expense of the royal messengers, and stamped clay tags for the parcel post. They are dated in the reigns of Dungi, Bur, Sin and Gimil Sin. From Larsa come four hun- dred from the end of the Nisin period and the age of Ham- murapi. Two hundred more represent the Chaldaean and Per- sian period and include dates in the reigns of Nabopolasser, Nebuchadnezzar, Evil Merodach, Nabunaid, Cyrus, Cambyses, Darius. Six cones and three tablets give the royal formulae of Singashid of Uruk, and two student exercise tablets may also be mentioned. By loan from the curator come the fragments of bricks of Assyrian kings and of Nebuchadnezzar, also frag- ments of colored bricks from Babylon. By recent purchase, the Museum has acquired a splendid collection of Babylonian seals which will be shortly published in a separate volume. The tablets are likewise in process of decipherment. Through the kindness of Dr. B. B. Charles of Philadelphia, to the Museum has been loaned a unique collection of squeezes or paper impressions of inscriptions, and these have been framed and hung as far as the limited space would allow. They include all the Hittite inscriptions discovered or newly collected by him and his colleagues and published in "Travels and Studies in the Nearer East," also a Hittite stele, the records of Tiglath Pileser I and Shalmaneser III at the Tigris source, and the Bavian inscription of Sennacherib. The curator has added squeezes of Phoenician, Carthaginian and Palmyrene inscrip- tions. 126 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois By loan of the curator, the Museum, has the best collection in existence of pottery fragments from the Near East, the result of a pottery survey representing over two hundred sites in every part of the former Turkey in Asia. Especially to be men- tioned are the groups of the earliest ware from Asia Minor and Armenia, the Hittite ware of the best period, Assyrian ware, lamps, statuettes and other minor objects. From Palestine come a fragmentary roll of the Law, a roll of Esther, a Hebrew charm, pottery, fragments of mosaic work, glass prehistoric flints, models of modern furniture, used purple shells from Sidon, two inscribed Palmyrene tessarae, the loan of the curator. A medical work from the middle ages, Arabic in Hebrew characters, is loaned by Professor A, S. Pease. Finally, mention should be made of the many unpublished pho- tographs of the Near East. It is hoped that the Museum will soon be able to move into larger quarters which will permit ade- quate exhibition of the treasures already accumulated and of what may be secured in the future. Other New Collections A number of other collections have been established during the past fourteen years. The Commerce Museum 29 For its courses in industrial economics and commerce the University has had since 1905 a working collection of the ma- terials of commerce; lanterns and several hundred slides; political and industrial maps; and diagrams and stereoscopic views illustrating various phases of commerce and industry. Most of the articles constituting the commercial museum are the gift of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum, and of pri- vate manufacturing and mercantile establishments. Mining Engineering^o This department has a complete exhibit of sized coal as prepared by typical Illinois washeries, the raw materials and =*From Univ. of 111. Annual Eegisters, 1913-14, pp. 75-76, and 1916-17, p. 62. '"Univ. of 111. Annual Eegister, 1913-14, p. 79 Libraries and Museums 127 the finished products illustrating the briquetting of coal, models of a metalliferous mine and of timber and steel mine supports, a complete exhibit of explosive and blasting materials and appli- ances, the Braeger, Fleuss and Westphalia breathing apparatus, and all of the appliances necessary for mine rescue and first aid demonstration, a collection of safety-lamps and other mine light- ing devices, and working drawings and photographs of mine machinery. Railway Engineering^^ The department of Railway Engineering has an unusually complete exhibit of photographs illustrating the development in transportation; an exhibit showing the progress in the design and manufacture of rails ; models of locomotive valve gears ; a full-sized model of the front end of a Richmond compound loco- motive ; and sets of working drawings of locomotives, cars and other railway equipment. This collection was begun in 1906. During the past years 1912-14 an especially large number of photographs of both American and foreign equipment, forms of bridge construction, etc., were added. Several other departments of the College of Engineering possess collections of historical materials drawn from their re- spective fields of practise. The department of mechanical engineering is the custodian of a 600 H. P. vertical triple-expan- sion engine, direct connected with an electric generator, a type of machine in common use for power station service twenty years ago. The departments of Civil Engineering and Theoretical and Applied Mechanics maintain exhibits of tested specimens and structures.32 ^IJniv. of 111. Annual Eegister, 1913-14, p. 79. Cf. Univ. of HI. Registers, 1903-04, pp. 47-52; 1916-17, pp. 60-62 "^'Cf. Univ. of 111. Annual Eegister, 1916-17, p. 62 CHAPTER V THE FACULTY The first president (or "Regent") of the University was elected March 12, 1867 and entered upon the duties of his office on the first day of the following month. i During the next twelve months three additional members of the faculty were chosen, by whom, together with the Regent, instruction was given dur- ing the first term — extending from March 2, 1868 to June 13, 1868.2 ^ year later the Regent reported that the instructional force had been increased to three professors and three assistant professors, representing the departments of History, English, Chemistry, Agriculture, Botany, Mathematics, Bookkeeping and Modern Languages. There were also two non-resident lec- turers — on Pomology and on English Literature, respectively.^ For the first twenty years, the maximum number of mem- bers of the University faculty in any one year was thirty-three — in 1878-79. In 1887-88 there were only twenty-nine members, but for the next eight years there was a regular yearly increase and by 1895-6 there were eighty-four. The addition of the College of Medicine in 1897^ increased the number of the instructional staff to 170 for the year 1896-7. For the next six years there was again a steady annual increase, and by the year 1903-4 the number had reached 351. During the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920 the number of members of the faculty rose from 351 to 943. This was an increase of 592, or 168 per cent. In the following table the size of the faculty is given for each year since the opening of the University. Members of the library staff are included in the enumeration, but clerks, stenog- raphers and miscellaneous employees of the University are not included. ^Eept., Univ. of 111., 1868, pp. 18, 31 =Ibid, pp. 87, 94 *Rept., Univ. of 111., 1869, p. 62 ^111. Sch. Eept., 1910-12, p. 480 128 Oas Hig'ine Annex Mining laboralorq 'i • (^ 4/ec/ianica/ En^'ineering' Labomiorif re: :f^ !--./■ ^ locomotive Testing '% laiyoratorif Ceramics 7CiIn House The FacvXty 129 SIZE OF FACULTY BY YEARS, 1867-1920 Year Faculty Year Faculty 1867-68 4 1895-96 84 1868-69 11 1896-97 170 1869-70 19 1897-98 184 1870-71 20 1898-99 194 1871-72 24 1899-1900 229 1872-73 25 1900-01 242 1873-74 25 1901^02 297 1874-75 30 1902-03 316 1875-76 27 1903-04 351 1876-77 25 1904-05 350 1877-78 29 1905-06 408 1878-79 33 1906-07 442 1879-80 29 1907-08 472 1880-81 28 1908-09 497 1881-82 26 1909-10 538 1882-83 24 1910-11 555 1883-84 25 1911-12 583 1884-85 27 1912-13 587 1885-86 29 1913-14 764 1886-87 29 1914-15 777 1887-88 29 1915-16 821 1888-89 30 1916-17 868 1889-90 32 1917-18 843^ 1890-91 39 1918-19 800 1891-92 43 1919-20 943 1892-93 48 1893-94 67 1894-95 80 The increase from 1903-04 to 1919-20 was 592. In the next table the constitution of the faculty for 1903- 04 and for 1919-20 according to rank is indicated. These figures do not include duplicates. As in the preceding table, members of the library staff are included in the enumeration, but not ''Does not check with figure given in Register, Univ. of 111., 1917-18, pp. 516-517 130 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois clerks, stenographers and miscellaneous employees of the Uni- versity. FACULTY 1903-04 AND 1919-20 ACCOEDING TO RANK 1903-04 1919-20 Eank Men Women Total Men Women Total Professors 103 4 107 164 2 166 Associate Professors 13 1 14 38 . . 38 Assistant Professors 62 3 65 107 3 110 Associates . . • • 108 12 120 Lecturers 2 .. 2 8 .. 8 Instructors 112 28 140 112 36 148 Assistants 13 2 15 148 60 208 Graduate Assistants . . • . 31 5 36 ^Student Assistants 3 .. 3 55 2 57 iiTotal 308 38 346 771 120 891 "Oflacers of Administration 5 . . 5 16 36 52 Total 313 38 351 787 156 943 ^Includes those in Military Science ^Does not include administrative officers ^Includes library assistants of which there are 44 men and 6 women, duplicates excluded Additions to the Faculty, 1904 to 1920 The following persons at present members of the University faculty (in 1919-20), were appointed during the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920. The list includes only persons of the rank of assistant professor or above.*^ The Council of Administration 1904 Edmund Janes James, Ph. D., LL.D., President. 1907 William Freeman Myrick Goss,'^ M.S., D.Eng., Professor of Railway Engineering, Dean of the College of En- gineering, Director of the Engineering Experiment Station and Director of the School of Railway En- gineering and Administration. 'The date preceding each name is that on which the person became a member of the faculty of the University, but not necessarily that on which he was appointed to the position now occupied. The order is that of seniority 'Eesigned March 1, 1917 TJie Faculty 131 1913 Kendric Charles Babcock, B.Lit., Ph.D., LL.D., Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. 1906 Frederick Brown Moorehead, A.B., D.D.S., M.D., Pro- fessor of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Bacteriology^ and Acting Dean of the College of Dentistry. 1913 Albert Chauncey Eycleshymer, B.S., Ph.D., M.D., Pro- fessor of Anatomy, Head of the Department and Dean of the College of Medicine. 1916 Henry Winthrop Ballantine, A.B., LL.D., Professor of Law and Dean of the College of Law. 1911 Charles Russ Richards,^ M.E., M.M.E., Dean of the Col- lege of Engineering and Director of the Engineering Experiment Station. 1918 Ruby Elizabeth Campbell Mason, A.M., Dean of Women. 1917 Werret Wallace Charters,^ Ph.D., Professor of Educa- tion and Dean of the College of Education. 1919 Charles Ernest Chadsey, Ph.D.,Litt.D., Professor of Edu- cation and Dean of the College of Education. 1911 Charles Manfred Thompson, Ph.D., Professor of Econom- ics and Dean of the College of Commerce and Business Administration. 1919 George Frederick Ney Dailey, Capt., Signal Corps, U.S.A., Professor of Military Science and Tactics and Com- mandant. The Senate^ 1904 Frederick Green, A.M., LL.B., Professor of Law. 1904 James Wilford Garner, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science. 1905 Edward Bartow, Ph.D., Professor of Sanitary Chemistry, and Director of the State Water Survey. 1907 William Albert Noyes, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Chem- istry and Director of the Chemical Laboratory. ^Appointed as Dean and Director March 1, 1917 "Eesigned, August 31, 1919 ^"The Senate is composed of all University officers of full professorial rank and all others in charge of independent departments of instruction. Members of the Council are therefore members of the Senate also, but their names are not repeated in the Senate list 132 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois 1907 Ernest Ritson Dewsnup,^! A.M., Professor of Railway Ad- ministration. 1906 George Abrani Miller, Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics. 1907 Edward Gary Hayes, Ph.D., Professor of Sociology. 1908 Julius Goebel, Ph.D., Professor of German. 1909 Phineas Lawrence Windsor, Ph. B., Librarian and Direc- tor of the Library School. 1909 Boyd Henry Bode, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy. 1909 Henry Baldwin Ward, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology. 1909 Harry Harkness Stock, B.S., E.M., Professor of Mining Engineering. 1907 Stuart Pratt Sherman, Ph.D., Professor of English and Chairman of the Committee of the Department of English. 1912 Edward Harris Decker,ii A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law and Acting Librarian of the College of Law. 1909 John Archibald Fairlie, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science. 1910 John Norton Pomeroy, A.M., LL.B., Professor of Law. 1911 Bruce Willet Benedict, B.S., Manager of Shop Labora- tories in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. 1912 William Edward Burge, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physiology and Acting Head of the Department. 1909 Ernest Ludlow Bogart, Ph.D., Professor of Economics. 1909 William Green Hale, B.S., LL.B., Professor of Law. 1912 Madison Bentley, B.S., Ph.D., Professor of Psychology and Director of the Psychological Laboratory, 1913 Harry Alexis Harding, Ph.D., Professor of Dairy Bac- teriology 1913 William Trelease, D.Sc, LL.D., Professor of Botany and Acting Head of the Department. 1913 John Sterling Kingsley, D.Sc, Professor of Zoology. 1906 William Shirley Bayley, Ph.D., Professor of Geology. 1906 Walter Costella Coffey, M.S., Professor of Sheep Hus- bandry. 1907 Laurence Mareellus Larson, Ph.D., Professor of History. 1907 Otto Eduard Lessing, Ph.D., Professor of German. 1 1 ^Eesigned, 1920 The Faculty 133 1907 Ellery Burton Paine, M.S., E.E., Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering and Acting Head of the De- partment. 1908 Edward Wight Washburn, Ph.D., Professor of Ceramic Chemistry and Head of the Department of Ceramic Engineering. 1913 Loring Harvey Provine, B.S., A.E., Professor of Archi- tectural Engineering and Acting Head of the Depart- ment of Architecture. 1914 Frank Lincoln Stevens, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Path- ology. 1907 Herbert Fisher Moore, B.S., M.M.E., Research Professor of Engineering Materials. 1914 John Lawrence Erb, F.A.G.O., Director of the School of Music and University Organist. 1915 Frederick Haynes Newell, B.S., D.Eng., Professor of Civil Engineering and Head of the Department. 1915 Kenneth McKenzie, Ph.D., Professor of Romance Lan- guages and Head of the Department. 1909 William Abbott Oldfather, Ph.D., Professor of the Classics. 1914 Charles Alton Ellis, A.B., Professor of Structural Engin- eering. 1915 Louise Freer, B.S., Director of Physical Training for Women. 1909 Arthur Stanley Pease, Ph.D., Professor of the Classics and Curator of the Museum of Classical Art and Archaeology. 1909 Charles Zeleny, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology. 1909 John Driscoll Fitz-Gerald II, Ph.D., Professor of Spanish. 1913 Albert Howe Lybyer, Ph.D., Professor of History. 1916 Ernest Bernbaum, Ph.D., Professor of English. 1916 Cullen Warner Parmelee, B.S., Professor of Ceramic Engineering. 1911 Alexander Dyer MacGillivray, Ph.D., Professor of Syste- matic Entomology. 1917 Albert Ten Eyck Olmstead, Ph.D., Professor of History and Curator of the Oriental Museum. 134 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois 1913 Arthur Cutts Willard, B.S., Professor of Heating and Ventilation. 1916 Robert Graham, D.V.M., Professor of Animal Pathology. 1918 Burdette Ross Buckingham, Ph.D., Professor of Educa- tion and Director of the Bureau of Educational Re- search. 1912 William Leonidas Burlison, Ph.D., Professor of Crop Production. 1910 Harrison Edward Cunningham, A, B., Director of the University Press and Secretary of the Board of Trus- tees. 1907 Bethel Stewart Pickett, M.S., Professor of Pomology. 1908 Herman Bernard Dorner, M.S., Professor of Floricul- ture. 1910 James Lloyd Edmonds, B.S., Professor of Horse Hus- bandry. 1915 Melvin Lorenius Enger, B.S., C.E., Professor of Theoreti- cal and Applied Mechanics. 1911 Walter Frederick Handschin, B.S., Professor of Farm Organization and Management, State Leader of County Demonstration Work, and Acting Vice-Director of the Demonstration Service. 1911 Harvey Herbert Jordan, B.S., Assistant Professor of General Engineering Drawing and Assistant Dean of College of Engineering. 1918 Jerome Edward Readhimer, B.S., Professor of Soils (Ex- tension). 1910 Henry Perly Rusk, M.S., Professor of Beef Cattle Hus- bandry. 1913 Hiram Thomas Scovill, A.B., C.P.A., Professor of Ac- countancy. 1910 James Byrnie Shaw, D.Sc, Professor of Mathematics. 1915 Robert Stewart, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Fertility. 1918 Arthur Byron Coble, Ph.D., Professor of Mathematics. 1918 Everett Edgar King, A.B., M.C.E., Professor of Railway Civil Engineering. 1918 James Therod Rood, Ph.D., Professor of Railway Elec- trical Engineering. The Faculty 135 1919 Ira Samuel Griffith, A.B., Professor of Industrial Edu- cation. 1916 Roger Adams, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry. 1912 Joseph Howard Beard, M.D., Professor of Hygiene and University Health Officer. 1912 John A. Detlefsen, D.Sc, Professor of Genetics. 1909 George Tobias Flom, Ph.D., Professor of Scandinavian. 1919 Walter Lee Gaines, Ph.D., Professor of Milk Production. 1908 Simon Litman, Dr. Jur. Pub. et Rer. Cam., Professor of Economics. 1919 Eric Keightley Rideal, Ph.D., Visiting Professor of Physi- cal Chemistry. 1907 Thomas Edmund Savage, Ph.D., Professor of Strati- graphic Geology. 1919 Lorado Taft, M.L., L.H.D., Non-Resident Professor of Art. 1912 Harrison August Ruehe, M.S., Assistant Professor of Dairy Manufactures and Acting Head of the Depart- ment of Dairy Husbandry. 1912 Albert Lemuel Whiting, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Biology. 1919 Clife Winfield Stone, Ph.D., Acting Professor of Educa- tional Psychology. 1919 Terence Thomas Quirk, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Geology and Chairman of the Department. 1920 Edwin Herbert Cameron, Ph.D., Professor of Educational Psychology. Associate Professors 1909 Jacob Kunz, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mathematical Physics. 1909 Howard Vernon Canter, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Classics and Assistant Dean of the College of Lib- eral Arts and Sciences, 1910 David Ford McFarland, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Applied Chemistry. 136 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois 1911 John Mabry Mathews, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Po- litical Science. 1917 Nathaniel Cortlandt Curtis, Ph.B., Associate Professor of Architectural Design. 1915 Robert Daniel Carmichael, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mathematics. 1913 Martin John Prucha, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Dairy Bacteriology. 1909 William Spence Robertson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of History. 1911 Arnold Emch, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Mathematics. 1915 Howard Bishop Lewis, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Physiological Chemistry. 1919 Walter Scott Monroe, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Edu- cation and Assistant Director of the Bureau of Muni- cipal Research. 1915 Christian Alban Ruckmick, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology. 1909 Fred B. Seeley, B.S., Associate Professor of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. 1913 Wilbur M. Wilson, M.M.E., Associate Professor of Struc- tural Engineering. 1919 Robert Francis Seybolt, Ph.D., Associate Professor of History of Education. 1919 Jay Courtland Hackleman, A.M., Associate Professor of Crops Production. 1912 B. Smith Hopkins, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chem- istry. 1919 Thomas James Camp, Capt. Inf., U.S.A., Associate Pro- fessor of Military Science and Executive Officer. 1919 William Demson Alexander, Capt., Field Art., U.S.A., Associate Professor of Military Science. 1919 Jesse Benjamin Kommers, B.S., Special Research Asso- ciate Professor of Engineering Materials. Assistant Professors 1907 Edward Hardenbergh Waldo, A.B., M.S., M.E., Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering. I TJie Faculty 137 1911 Aretas Wilbur Nolan, A.B., M.S., Assistant Professor of Agricultural Extension. 1906 Harrie Stuart Vedder Jones, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English. 1910 Leonard Bloomfield, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Com- parative Philology and German. 1907 James Elmo Smith, C. E., Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering. 1914 Victor Ernest Shelford, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Zoology. 1909 Earnest Winfield Bailey, M.S., Assistant Professor of Pomology. 1915 George Nelson Coffey, Ph.D., Assistant State Leader of County Advisers, 1907 Axel Ferdinand Gustafson, M.S., Assistant Professor of Soil Physics. 1913 Albert Woodward Jamison, M.S., Assistant Professor of Agricultural Extension. 1907 Ernest Van Alstine, B.S., Assistant Professor of Agronomy. 1916 James Dater Bilsborrow, B.S., Assistant State Leader of County Advisers. 1907 Arthur Robert Crathorne, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics. 1911 Ralph Kent Hursh, B.S., Assistant Professor of Ceramic Engineering. 1907 Jacob Zeitlin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English. 1915 Virgil R. Fleming, B.S., Assistant Professor of Theoreti- cal and Applied Mechanics. 1912 Arthur Charles Cole, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of His- tory. 1912 Walter Byron Gernert, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Plant Breeding. 1914 Frederick Nobel Evans, A.B., M.L.A., Assistant Professor of Landscape Gardening. 1911 Harry Warren Anderson, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pomology. 1911 Frederick Charles Bauer, M.S., Assistant Professor of Soil Fertility. 138 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois 1911 George Denton Beal, Ph.D., Pharm.D., Assistant Profes- sor of Chemistry. 1908 Florence Rising Curtis, A.M., B.L.S., Assistant Professor of Library Economy. 1908 Harrison Frederick Gonnerman, M.S., Research Assistant Professor of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. 1905 Albert Austin Harding, B.Mus., Assistant Professor of Music and Director of the Military Bands. 1915 Harry Franklin Harrington, A.M., Assistant Professor of Journalism. 1915 Oliver Kamm, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. 1911 Aubrey John Kempner, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathematics. 1907 Alonzo Plumstead Kratz, M.S., Research Assistant Pro- fessor of Mechanical Engineering. 1911 Philip Augustus Lehenbauer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Plant Physiology. 1913 Walter Byron McDougall, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Botany. 1915 Harold Hanson Mitchell, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Animal Nutrition. 1918 Rexford Newcomb, M.Arch., Assistant Professor of Archi- tectural History. 1918 John Henry Reedy, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chem- istry. 1913 Gustaf Eric Wahlin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathe- matics. 1910 Elmer Howard Williams, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Experimental Physics. 1913 Charles Henry Woolbert, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Speech. 1919 Morris M. Leighton, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Ge- ology. 1914 Russell McCulloch Story, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science. 1912 Edward Joseph Filbey, Ph.D., C.P.A., Assistant Profes- sor of Accountancy. 1916 Frederic Arthur Russell, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Business Organization and Operation. % The Faculty 139 1917 Donald Mahaney Allison, A.B., Assistant Professor of Architectural Design. 1913 Harold Eaton Babbitt, M.S., Assistant Professor of Muni- cipal and Sanitary Engineering. 1919 Paul Everette Belting, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sec- ondary Education. 1918 Henry Blumberg, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Mathe- matics. 1916 William Everett Britton, A.M., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law and Librarian of the College of Law. 1913 Ernest McChesney Clark, B.S., Assistant Professor of Dairy Production. 1910 Herbert LeSourd Creek, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English and Assistant Dean of Foreign Students. 1919 John L. Griffith, A.B., Assistant Professor of Physical Education. 1915 Gilbert Gusler, M.S., Assistant Professor of Animal Hus- bandry. 1916 Merlin Harold Hunter, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Economies. 1912 Robert Taylor Jones, B.S., Assistant Professor of Archi- tecture. 1919 James McKinney, Assistant Professor of Industrial Edu- cation and Director of the Chicago Center. 1918 Jean Gilbert MacKinnon, A.M., Assistant Professor of Home Economics. 1911 Lloyd Morey, A.B., B.Mus., C.P.A., Assistant Professor of Accountancy and Comptroller. 1917 Oliver Ralph Overman, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Dairy Chemistry. 1916 Cyrus Edgar Palmer, M.S., Assistant Professor of Archi- tectural Engineering. 1912 Frank Ashmore Pearson, B.S., Assistant Professor of Dairy Economics. 1907 George Wellington Pickels, C.E., Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering. 1911 Gustav Howard Radebaugh, Assistant Manager of Shop Laboratories. 1919 John Burns Read, E.M., Assistant Professor of Mining Engineering. 140 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois 1919 Burke Shartel, S.J.D., Assistant Professor of Law. 1910 William Herschel Smith, M.S., Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry. 1916 Fred "Wilbur Tanner, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Bac- teriology. 1911 Harley Jones VanCleave, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Zoology. 1913 Harry William Waterfall, B.S., Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering. 1915 Gordon Watkins, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Economics. 1906 Carroll Carson Wiley, C.E., Assistant Professor of High- way Engineering. 1912 Robert Carl Zuppke, Ph.B., Assistant Professor of Physi- cal Education. 1909 Warren Albert Ruth, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pomology. 1919 Edwin Hardin Sutherland, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sociology. 1919 Paul J. Kiefer, B.S., Assistant Professor of Steam En- gineering. 1915 Roscoe Raymond Snapp, B.S., Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry. 1913 Charles Earl Bradbury, B.P., Assistant Professor of Art and Design. 1919 Russell Dunn Barnes, 1st Lieut, Infantry, U.S.A., Assis- tant Professor of Military Science and Tactics. 1919 Chauncey Aubrey Bennett, Captain, Field Artillery, U.S. A., Assistant Professor of Military Science and Tactics. 1919 Robert W. Grow, Captain, Cavalry, U.S.A., Assistant Professor of Military Science and Tactics. COLLiEGE OF MEDICINE PROFESSORS 1913 Casey A. Wood, A.M., M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology and Head of the Department. 1913 Norval Pierce, M.D., Professor of Surgery (Laryngology, Rhinology and Otology) and Head of the Division. The Faculty 141 1913 Albert E. Halstead, M.D,, Professor of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 1913 Albert Chauncey Eyeleshymer,ioB.S., Ph.D., M.D., Pro- fessor of Anatomy, Head of the Department, and Dean. 1913 David John Davis, Acting Professor of Pathology, Act- ing Head of the Department, and Director of the De- partment of Experimental Medicine. 1913 Julius H, Hess, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics and Clinical Pediatrics and Head of the Division. 1906 Lee Harrison Mettler, A.M., M.D., Professor of Neurology and Clinical Neurology and Head of the Division. 1917 Hugh Alister McGuigan, Ph.D., M. D., Professor of Ma- teria Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 1917 Edward Vail Lapham Browne, B.S., M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology and Head of the Department. 1917 Edwin Warner Ryerson, M.D., Professor of Surgery (Orthopedic) and Head of the Division. 1916 Harold Douglas Singer, M.D., M.R.C.P., Professor of Psychiatry and Head of the Division. 1919 Herman M. Adler, A.B., M.D., Professor of Criminology and Head of the Department. 1919 Henry Foster Lewis, A.B., M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Clinical Obstetrics. 1905 Charles Edward Humiston, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surgery. ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS 1908 Charles Mayer Jacobs, M.D., Associate Professor of Clini- cal Orthopedic Surgery. 1906 Joseph C. Beck, M.D., Associate Professor of Surgery (Laryngology, Rhinology and Otology). 1910 Nelson Mortimer Percy, M.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery. 1918 Frank Smithies, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine. 1905 Edward Louis Heintz, Ph.G., M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine and Clinical Medicine. "Included supra under the Council of Administration 142 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois 1910 Maurice Lewison, M.D., Associate Professor of Physical Diagnosis. 1912 George Farnsworth Thompson, B.S., M.D., Associate Pro- fessor of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 1917 Arthur Richard Elliott, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine. 1910 Otto Herman Rohrlack, Ph.G., M.D., Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Clinical Obstetrics. 1913 William Henry Welker, A.C., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. ASSISTANT PROFESSORS 1908 Frederick George Dyas, M.D., Assistant Professor of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 1906 Frank Donald Moore, M.D., Assistant Professor of Sur- gery and Clinical Surgery. 1915 Victor Emanuel Emmel, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy. 1913 Edward Franklin Leonard, M.D., Assistant Professor of Neurology. 1913 Charles M. McKenna, M.D., Assistant Professor of Sur- gery (Genito-Urinary). 1914 Roy Lee Moodie, A.B., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy. 1916 Jesse Elliot Royer, M.D., Assistant Professor of Neu- rology. 1906 Cecil von Bachelle, M.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Obstetrics. 1906 John Michael Lang, M.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Gynecology. 1918 Benjamin Franklin Lounsbury, B.S., M.D., Assistant Pro- fessor of Operative Surgery. 1918 Henry Bascom Thomas, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery. 1918 Charles Francis Read, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Psychiatry. 1910 John Ross Harger, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Surgery. Tfie Faculty 143 1911 Frank Chauvet, M.D., Assistant Professor of Physical Diagnosis. 1914 Karl Albert Meyer, M.D., Assistant Professor of Surgery and Clinical Surgery. 1918 Cassius Clay Rogers, A.B., M.D., Assistant Professor of Surgery. 1913 Josiah John Moore, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology. 1913 Ernest Sisson Moore, Ph.D., M.D., Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine. 1910 Henry Eugene Irish, M.D., Assistant Professor of Pedi- atrics. 1911 Charles Herbert Phifer, M.D., Assistant Professor of Sur- gery. 1906 Egan Walter Fischmann, M.D., Assistant Professor of Gynecology. 1914 Morris Lamm Blatt, M.D., Assistant Professor of Pedi- atrics. 1911 Adolph Hartung, M.D., Assistant Professor of Roentgen- ology. 1919 Walter H. Meents, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Sur- gery. 1919 Ralph Chess Purnell Truitt, M.D., Assistant Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry. CouLEGE OF Dentistry PROFESSORS 1906 Frederick Brown Moorehead,ii A. B., D.D.S., M.D., Pro- fessor of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Bacteriology and Dean of the College. 1913 Frederick Bogue Noyes, B.S., D.D.S., Professor of Ortho- dontia and Histology and Secretary of the Faculty. 1913 Edgar David Coolidge, D.D.S., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 1908 Louis Schultz, D.D.S., M.D., Professor of Oral Surgery and Pathology. "Included supra under the Council of Administration 144 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois 1904 Louis E. Bake, D.D.S., Associate Professor of Operative Technics and Porcelain Art. 1913 Solomon Perry Starr, D.D.S., Associate Professor of Prosthetic Technics. 1913 Frank Joseph Bernard, D.D.S., Assistant Professor of Oral Surgery (Extracting). 1914 John C. McGuire, D.D.S., Assistant Professor of Radiog- raphy and Superintendent of the Infirmary. 1914 William Ira Williams, D.D.S., Assistant Professor of Op- erative Dentistry. School of Pharmacy 1905 Albert Henry Clark, B.S., Ph.G., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. 1912 Bernard Fantus, M.D., Lecturer on Physiology. Retirement of Professors Burrill and Shattuck September 1, 1912, Professors T. J. Burrill and S. W. Shat- tuck, the last two members of the original faculty of the Uni- versity, became professors emeriti, and retired on Carnegie al- lowances from active service. Professor Burrill came to the Uni- versity in 1868 as instructor in algebra, but was soon appointed assistant professor of natural history. He served at various times as professor, vice-president, acting president, dean of the college of science and dean of the graduate school. In spite of his many administrative duties Dr. Burrill was active as an investigator and made a number of scientific discoveries of the first importance. Professor Shattuck came to the University in 1868 as as- sistant professor of mathematics and instructor in military tactics. For the next forty-four years he was at various times professor and head of the department of mathematics, acting president, professor of civil engineering, business manager and comptroller. His careful, honest management of the Univer- sity's finances had no small part in bringing about the steady growth of the institution. Upon the retirement of Professors Burrill and Shattuck the University Senate presented to each a specially designed gold Isolation Hospital Qnnex hohnion Hospita! The Faculty 145 medal. The formal presentation of the medals occurred at a special University convocation held in honor of the two retiring professors October 16, 1912. Professor Shattuck died at Urbana, February 13, 1915. Dr. Burrill died at Urbana on the 14th of April, 1916. Retirement of Professors McIntosh, Eicker, and Roi^fe September 1, 1915, marked the retirement of Professor Donald Mcintosh, for nearly thirty years Professor of Veterin- ary Science at the University of Illinois, and at the time of his withdrawal from active work, the oldest member of the College of Agriculture in point of service. He came to the institution in 1885 to give a course of lectures in Veterinary Science. During the following year he was promoted to the grade of Professor and thereafter served as the only instructor in Veterinary Science. His death occurred upon September 5, 1915, just five days after his retirement from active work, and the courses to which he had devoted himself so faithfully during the last thirty years were temporarily withdrawn. On September 1, 1916, Professor N. C. Ricker was elected professor emeritus and retired upon a Carnegie allowance. Pro- fessor Ricker came to the University as a student in 1870. Three years later he was appointed instructor in Architecture and given charge of the department. For the next thirty-seven years he served the University in a number of increasingly important offices ; one year instructor in Architecture, one year assistant professor of Architecture, thirty-five years professor of Archi- tecture, and beginning in 1878 for twenty-seven years Dean of the College of Engineering. To this pioneer the University of Illinois owes much, for it was his patient and persistent labor that developed here a Department of Architecture in which the State may take an honest pride. Entering the University two years earlier and retiring from active service one year later than Professor Ricker, Professor C. W. Rolfe became professor emeritus on September 1, 1917. "He was graduated from the University of Illinois with the de- gree of B.S. with the class of 1872, having entered in 1868. Beginning as instructor in Mathematics and Botany, he has been 146 Sixteen Tears at tJie University of Illinois instructor, assistant professor, and professor in the University since 1881. His continuous service has extended over thirty- six years. "12 Today the Department of Ceramic Engineering stands as a monument to the faithful and devoted services of this man, for he, more than any one else, was responsible for initiating and establishing upon a firm foundation the work of this department. In the Matter op Quality No other feature of the equipment of a university will so largely determine its strength as will the men who are charged with the direct conduct of its various activities. Abundance of land, numerous and spacious buildings, well equipped labora- tories and libraries and large revenues will not singly or all combined insure for a university either strength or progress. In the final analysis it is the personnel of the faculty that will chiefly determine the value of the university to the common- wealth and its rank among its sister institutions of learning. The increase in the number of the instructional and admin- istrative staff of the University during the past twelve years has been a matter of necessity, in response to a steadily increasing enrolment of students. An increase in the actual strength of the faculty, from the standpoint of scholarship and teaching ability, could, however, come only as a result of the exercise of the greatest care in the selection of individual instructors. Throughout the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920, whether a candidate was to occupy an important or a minor position, thorough consideration has been given to his scholarship, his ability to impart information and to inspire active efforts on the part of his students, his personal character and his own activity as a thinker and a producer of that which would add to the world's store of knowledge. One college of the Univer- sity after another has been thus strengthened, until at the present time there is probably no department in which the work done is not of a distinctly high grade and no department in which a student may not come under the instruction of one or more of the country's leading scholars in that field of study. "Minutes of Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., July 17, 1917, p. 414 The Faculty 147 This policy of selecting only the best men has involved as a necessary prerequisite the willingness to pay somewhat higher salaries than were formerly paid to those occupying similar positions. That the purpose of the governing board of the University to strengthen the faculty by this means has been fully approved by the people of the state is well shown by a joint resolution adopted in 1909 by the Forty-Sixth General Assembly, reading as follows r^^ ''Whereas, It is the evident will of the people of this com- monwealth that the University of Illinois shall be made so com- plete in its organization and equipment that no son or daughter of this State shall be obliged to seek in other states or other countries those advantages of higher education which are neces- sary to the greatest efficiency of social service either in public or private station ; and "Whereas, the State of Illinois has imposed upon this in- stitution, in its agricultural and engineering experiment sta- tions, and in its graduate school, the duty of carrying on extensive and important investigations of vital interest to the agricultural industry and education of the State, and the con-^ duct of these investigations calls for the very highest ability and the most thorough training on the part of those entrusted with their supervision; and "Whereas, the great progress of this institution in the last five years has attracted the attention of the whole country, and made other institutions desirous of drawing away the members of the faculties in said university; and "Whereas, the present schedule of salaries is not sufficient to enable the institution to compete on equal grounds with other state and private universities in the United States; there- fore be it ' ' Resolved, By the Senate, the House of Representatives con- curring herein, That it is the sense of this General Assembly that the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois should adopt such a policy as will in their judgment attract to, and retain in, the service of the University and the State, the best available ability of this and other countries." ^'Laws of 111., 1909, p. 496 148 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois The following tables show the number of persons receiving salaries of various amounts in 1903-04, and the number of those receiving similar salaries in 1919-20. It will be noted that whereas in the earlier year only the president of the University received a salary of more than $3,800, and only five persons other than he received as much as $3,000 ; in 1919-20 one hun- dred and five persons were receiving $3,000 or more a year, of whom nine received $4,000, three $4,500, sixteen $5,000, five $5,500 and five $6,000 or more. It may be further noted that in 1917-18 approximately 29 per cent of the faculty were re- ceiving salaries of $2,500 or more, as against 10.3 per cent in 1903-04; 68 per cent were receiving $1,500 or over, as against 40 per cent in 1903-04; 98 per cent were receiving $1,000 or more ; and 1.6 per cent were receiving less than $1,000 as against 30 per cent in 1903-4. j ^ SALARIES OF FACULTY 1903-04 AND 1919-20' ' i President Vice President Deans, Professors Associates Associate Professors Instructors Assistant Professors Assistants Salary 1903-04 1919-20 1903-04 1919-20 Over $6000 1 2 $6000 8 5500 6 5000 13 4500 8 4250 1 4000 24 3500-3800 1 35 3400 3 3000-3300 4 49 1 2600-2900 4 31 2500 8 15 2250-2400 2 20 24 2000-2200 20 10 2 52 1500-1900 25 2 109 1200-1400 11 10 61 1000-1100 2 30 5 Less than $1000 52 1 'The table includes only full-time members of the faculty. Of the library staff only those persons who gave instruction in the Library School are included. Clerks, stenographers and miscellaneous employees of the University are not included. TJie Faculty 149 SUMMAEY OF SALAEIES 1903-04 AND 1919-20 1903-04 1919-20 Salaries Number Per Cent Number Per Cent $6000 or over 1 0.6 10 2.0 5500 or over 1 0.6 16 3.2 5000 or over 1 0.6 29 5.8 4500 or over 1 0.6 37 7.4 4000 or over 1 0.6 62 12.5 3500 or over 2 1.1 97 19.5 3000 or over 6 3.4 130 28.2 2500 or over 18 10.3 176 35.4 2000 or over 42 39.7 282 56.8 1500 or over 69 39.7 416 83.8 1000 or over 122 70.1 495 99.8 Less than $1000 52 29.9 1 .2 The following table shows the average salaries received by members of the faculty of each rank in 1903-04 and in 1919-20. The average increase was 83 per cent. AVEEAGE SALAEIES OF FULL-TIME MEMBEES %of 1903-04 1919-20 Increase Increase Average for Instructional Staff $1,321 $2,419 $1,098 83 Deans* 2,871 5,195 2,324 80 Professors 2,166 3,847 1,681 77 Associate Professors 1,867 2,910 1,043 55 Assistant Professors 1,475 2,544 1,069 72 Associates 2,066 .... Instructors 978 1,614 978 65 Assistants 778 1,306 528 67 Scholarship, teaching ability and personality are elements that cannot easily be represented by statistics. These qualities, however, together with the activity evidenced as an investigator and a writer, form the basis of the judgment passed upon a teacher by his professional brethren in other institutions and by the world at large. Thus, one indication of the growth in *No administrative officers of the University other than cleans are in- cluded in the table 150 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois strength in the faculty of the University of Illinois may be seen in the fact that in 1903-05 edition of Who's Who in America thirty-four names of members of the faculty of the University were given, and that in the 1918-19 edition of this publication the number had increased to 124 — a gain of 90, or 265 per cent for the past sixteen years. In the first edition of the American Men of Science, pub- lished in 1906, the names of six members of the faculty of the University of Illinois were starred as being among ''the thou- sand students of the natural and exact sciences in the United States, whose work is supposed to be the most important." In the four years from 1906 to 1910 the number increased to 17, a gain of nearly 200 per cent. In commenting upon this fact the editor says:^^ ' * As has been already indicated, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Yale, in New England, and Chicago, Illinois and Wisconsin, in the north central region have been particularly fortunate in the possession of younger men who have acquired scientific reputation in the course of recent years. The same institutions have been equally happy in not having many men who have lost their positions on the thousand. This double success cannot be attributed to chance, but must indi- cate skill in the selection of men, or an environment favorable to good work." In this connection an extract from the report of the Presi- dent of the University of Illinois to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1906 will be of interest :i^ ' ' I think it will be generally agreed that the average scholar- ship, and the experience and efficiency of the younger ap- pointees in all the various faculties have been materially ele- vated. There is general agreement that we have never had an abler, better trained, or more experienced body of young instruc- tors than are now at work in the University of Illinois. Condi- tions, of course, are becoming more and more favorable for bringing about such results. With the increase of the student body it becomes necessary to enlarge the instructing corps, and "American Men of Science, 2nd Edition, 1910, p. 572 "111. School Report, 1904-06, pp. 390-391 The Faculty 151 with this increasing number of instructors, it becomes possible to secure a wider range of ability and preparation. This makes the University a more interesting place to work, and young men who are looking forward to a scientific career are more willing to come into it and remain a part of the staff for a longer time than would otherwise be the case. As our equipment is in- creased and as our libraries increase, the University becomes to an increasing extent a center of scientific research and investi- gation; and life in the University is increasingly attractive to the best type of aspiring, progressive, highly trained scientists. ' ' Thus, if we have only one or two instructors in the depart- ment of mathematics, it is scarcely possible to have more than one or two specialties or lines of investigation represented ; but when we have fifteen or twenty, it is possible not only to get men who can do well the elementary and required work in our various courses, but each one of these men can be specially trained in some particular line ; so that when we take the whole body of instructors into consideration, all branches of mathe- matical investigation may be fairly represented. The impor- tance of this possibility in the development of a truly scientific spirit and a truly scientific advance within the institution can scarcely be overestimated. In the same way, if we have only one or two instructors in the field of modern languages, we can hardly have more than one or two lines of work represented by adequately trained scholars, but when we have ten or twelve, it becomes feasible to obtain, in selecting the personnel of such a force, representatives for every line of investigation within the great field of modern philology and literature. ''No institution can lay any claim to the title, 'university,' unless it is a center of scientific activity which is spontaneous in the members of its instructing corps — self activity prompted by a divine thirst for increasing our knowledge. ' ' I have urged upon the faculties and upon the trustees with all the earnestness of which I am capable that in the selection of young men for the position of instructor, that is, the lowest grade of our faculty positions, only those young men should be selected who have it in them to be good teachers, capable instructors and at the same time who have had the proper 152 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois training and have within themselves the ambition to become investigators, research men, productive scholars, in the various lines in which they are at work. "There is no doubt that if this plan is adhered to closely, systematically, continuously, for a generation, the University of Illinois, if the State equips it properly with libraries and apparatus, will become one of the great centers of learning in the world, a credit to the people of the commonwealth, a source of untold advantage to the culture and industry of this great state. The editor of the American Men of Science adds alsoi^^ * ' Wisconsin and Illinois are the state universities which have made the most notable progress .... The gain of almost 200 per cent at Illinois is in the main due to the departments of chemistry and mathematics, to the heads of which the Uni- versity was so wise as to call men of high scientific standing. ' ' In 1917, the names of 82 members of the faculty of the University of Illinois were found in the last edition (1910) of that publication, and of these 25 were designated among the thousand * ' leading men of science. ' ' There has been, therefore, within the last eleven years a gain of 19 names in the representa- tion of the University among the first thousand — an increase of 317 per cent. Books and Articles Published by the Corps of Instruction During the fifteen years from May 1, 1904 to April 30, 1919, 6,768 books and articles were published by members of the instructional and administrative staff of the University. The table which follows will indicate the number published in each year.i'^ During recent years the publications have been listed under four heads, namely: (1) Books; (2) Articles; (3) Book re- views which are essentially original articles or contributions to the subject matter of the book or article reviewed; (4) Book reviews which are of the character of book notices. During the greater part of the period, however, little distinction was made "American Men of Science, 1910 ed., p. 588 ^'Univ. Studies, Univ. of HI., 1904-1917 The Faculty 153 between the various kinds of publications, and for those years the figures given in the "Total" column are the ones of chief importance. During the earlier years "book notices" were gen- erally omitted. It should be noted that the difference between a "book" and an "article" is in many cases very slight — the distinction resting upon the form in which the contribution appears rather than upon any essential difference in the nature of the subject- matter, in the treatment of the subject, or in the size of the publication. BOOKS AND ARTICLES PUBLISHED BY MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY 1904-1919 Year Book Book (May l-April 30) Books Articles Reviews Notices Total 1904-05 20 1905-06 16 1906-07 21 1907-08 20 1908-09 18 1909-10 33 1910-11 38 1911-12 22 1912-13 15 1913-14 30 1914-15 39 1915-16 69 1916-17 51 1917-18 59 1918-19 39 158 178 175 191 221 8 250 242 3 265 280 298 357 9 399 331 10 379 341 9 372 287 15 317 343 17 390 475 36 106 656 669 51 167 956 493 45 87 676 564 62 79 764 542 45 51 677 Total 490 5,478 310 490 6,768 CHAPTEE VI. THE STUDENT BODY When the University was first opened for the reception of students, March 2, 1868, about fifty^ persons were enrolled. During the term the number increased to 77. The first full school year, beginning in the fall of 1868, showed a total of 128 students. For the next three years there was a large an- nual increase in the number of students enrolled, but for the two succeeding years the increase was very slight. A period of fifteen years followed in which the number of students re- mained practically stationary at about 400, although in 1883-4 as few as 330 were in attendance. In 1888-9 the number enrolled was once more over 400, and from that time there has been almost no year in which the number of students failed to exceed that of the preceding year. The following table^ gives the enrolment for each year since the organization of the University. It will be noted that women were first admitted in 1870-71, and that they have each year represented about one-fifth of the total number of students en- rolled. TOTAL ENROLMENT 1868-1920 Tear Men Women Total 1868 (spring) 77 . . 77 1868-69 128 .. 128 1869-70 180 .. 180 1870-71 254 24 278 1871-72 328 53 381 1872-73, 326 74 400 1873-74 316 90 406 1874-75 285 88 373 1875-76 303 83 386 1876-77* 296 92 388 ^Extract from Diary of President Gregory, p. 1 ^Registrar's Report, Univ. of 111., September 29, 1913, p. 24; supple- mented by the statistics for the years 1914-17 *Figures from 1876-77 to 1910-11 include the preparatory department 154 The Student Body 155 Year Men Women Total 1877-78 291 86 377 1878-79 318 98 416 1879-80 322 112 434 1880-81 299 80 379 1881-82 276 76 352 1882-83 290 92 382 1883-84 261 69 330 1884-85 292 70 362 1885-86 269 63 332 1886-87 289 54 343 1887-88 305 72 377 1888-89 346 72 418 1889-90 392 77 469 1890-91 444 75 519 1891-92 494 89 583 1892-93 610 104 714 1893-94 609 109 718 1894-95 673 137 810 1895-96 672 183 855 1896-97 865 194 1059 1897-98 1335 247 1582 1898-99 1492 332 1824 1899-1900 1747 478 2225 1900-01 2038 467 2505 1901-02 2334 598 2932 1902-03 2560 729 3289 19'03-04 2872 720 3592 1904-05 3012 722 3734 1905-06 3266 825 4091 1906-07 3402 916 4318 1907-08 3752 994 4746 1908-09 4013 966 4979 1909-10 4118 1000 5118 1910-11* 4222 995 5217 1911-12 4194 1006 5200 *Figures from 1876-77 to 1910-11 include the preparatory department 156 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Year Men Women Total 1912-13 4061 1026 5087 1913-14 4347 1192 5539 1914-15 4659 1297 5956 1915-16 4980 1457 6437 1916-17 5187 1641 6828 1917-18 3909 1681 5590 1918-19 5372 1785 7157 1919-20 6947 2261 9208 Two principal causes have been responsible for the large in- crease in enrolment during the past twenty years. These are, first, the natural growth of the departments already in existence, as the facilities of the University for offering a high grade of instruction have become better known, and as the number and quality of the high schools of the state advanced; and in the second place, the acquisition of additional colleges and schools and the organization of new departments by the University. Thus, in May, 1896, the Chicago College of Pharmacy, founded in 1859, became the School of Pharmacy of the Uni- versity of Illinois.3 In 1897 arrangements were concluded for the affiliation of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chi- cago with the University, and the former institution became known as the College of Medicine of the University of Illinois.^ In 1901 the property and good will of the Illinois School of Dentistry in Chicago were transferred to the College of Medi- cine and a School of Dentistry was organized by the University as a department of the College of Medicine.^ In 1905 the School of Dentistry became a separate college. The Colleges of Medicine and Dentistry were discontinued on June 30, 1912, but were re- opened in 1913 in February and October respectively. In 1897 the School of Library Economy which had been established in 1893 at the Armour Institute of Technology in Chicago was transferred to the University and the Library School of the Uni- versity was opened.^ The first summer session of the University *Eept., Univ. of 111., 1896, p. 240 *Eept., Univ. of 111., 1898, p. 74; 1900, p. 247 "Rept., Univ. of 111., 1902, pp. 54-56 "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1898, Dp. Ill, 192; Univ. of III. Bui. Vol. I, No. 4. Oct. 18, 1903, p. 3. TJie Student Body 157 was opened in June, 1894J In 1897 the department of music was reorganized and made the School of Music with a separate faculty and organization.^ The School of Law was organized in 1897. It became the College of Law in 1900.'' In 1901 the General Assembly made an appropriation of $6,000 per annum for the establishment of " a school of social and political science and industrial economics," and in accordance with this action the Courses in Business Administration were organized. In 1915 these were erected into a separate College of Commerce and Business Administration.^*' The School of Education was established in 1905. In 1906 a department of railway engineer- ing was created. In the following year it was reorganized as the School of Railway Engineering and Administration. Grad- uate work was undertaken as early as 1892. In 1907 the legis- lature appropriated $50,000 for each of the next two years for the support of the Graduate School, and the school was definitely organized immediately, with an executive faculty. The College of Literature and Arts and the College of Science were united in 1913 to form the College of Liberal Arts and Scienees.^^ It will be noticed that there is a slight decrease in the number of students enrolled in 1911-12, and a larger decrease for 1912-13, The Academy connected with the University was discontinued in June, 1911. During the preceding year 304 students had at- tended the Academy. This loss more than offset the gain of 287 college students in the year 1911-12. The discontinuance of the College of Dentistry during the year 1912-13, and the conse- quent loss of the 125 students enrolled in that college, was re- sponsible for the decrease of 113 in the total enrolment of the University for 1912-13. The enrolment was greatly affected by the entrance of the country into the war, in 1917. The attendance fell from 6,828 in 1916-17 to 5,590 in 1917-18. This loss was offset in 1918-19 "by the organization of the Students' Army Training Corps, and the enrolment passed the 7,000 mark for the first time, making a 'Eept., Univ. of 111., 1894, pp. 198, 214, 234, 271. »Eept., Univ. of 111., 1898, p. 125 "Kept., Univ. of 111., 1898, pp. 44, 72 ; Univ. of 111. Eegister, 1899-1900 "Rept., Univ. of 111., 1916, p. 244; Laws of Illinois, 1901, p. 40 «Rept., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 71 158 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois gain of 28 per cent. This large increase, however, was only the first wave of the flood, for in 1919-20 the total enrolment was 9,249, a gain of 2,092, or over 29 per cent, over the preceding year, and of over 65 per cent over 1917-18. The increase dur- ing the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920 was 5,515, or more than 157 per cent. The largest annual increase previous to 1919-20 was 10 per cent, made in 1907-08. The following table exhibits the growth of each college and school of the University from year to year for the fourteen years from 1904 to 1920, as measured by the enrolment of students in each. ^2 "Cf. Eegistrar's Eeport, Univ. of 111., September 29, 1913, pp. 28-31, and subsequent Annual Eegisters, Univ. of 111. TJie Student Body 159 S ■= 05 O is (M iH T-l t^ (N tH 00 «o t- CO CO iH lO iH lO O 05 ^ 00 i-H 1-1 cq (M O O OO 00 CO o> ?D 00 O M •* ?0 OS -^ rH OS CO O 00 O OS OS iH OS eo •* t- 00 CO OQ o t^ CO 00 OO OS o eg 00 (M CO «0 t^ t~ o ?o m CO OS >n) w «c> 00 (M (M ira t- (M T-l ■^ «> OQ O Ttl 5D CO M 00 »0 CO 00 (O (M CO CO iH OS Tj< lO CO CO OS o 00 t- CO •* 00 U5 iH 00 CO tH OS "* o -* tH o OS 00 CO OS CO - t^ I-l 00 iH o OS CO 00 OS es cq 1—1 CO iH m !M to - CO t^ - CO CO t^ CO CO rh in t~ CO CO o o CO t~ -* 00 o CO 00 CO in o eg 1—1 iH in ■* m t- CO lO t^ l>- iH CO 00 in cq rH 00 i-H t~ ^ t~ -* 00 CO t^ 1—1 00 CO in O ■* iH Tfl CO eg eg 1-1 iH m lO 1-1 CO t^ 00 CO ■<* 00 t^ iH CO CO 00 in OS CO 00 Tt< 00 01 OS CO iH eg eg OS I* CD ■* o CO CO C3S cq T-i iH in ■<*< I-H m 00 CO 00 o in 00 t>- OS Q TtH O -rJH OJ o Tti t^ CO OD -* OS OS 00 O t^ CO iH TfH OS ^ ■* CO cq cq m MH m o 00 cq iH CO 00 in CD O OS in -* t- o tH CO iH OS iH CO in 00 in OS 00 I-l CO t» cq rJH t- tH eg t- CO ■>* I— 1 CO CO OS o CO t- OS iH CO t^ o (M CO CO ^ t~ CO CO in t- cq IC iH CO CO og CO CO m iH t~ CO •* cq (M o OS t^ o t- o t^ m 00 o OS eg -* eg ■* OS in 1^1 CO eg OS CO ■* i-i CO CO (M CO CO m 1-1 iH 00 • CO '^ r-t in iH CO t- CO ■* t- 00 o 00 CD ■* 00 in rH iH t^ t^ o OS rH -* in 1—1 o N r-\ CO CO CO CO o in T-i rH 00 CO CO ■* OS CO iH CO iH 00 CO OS CO 00 '^ CO T}l CO OS CO 00 CO 1—1 I-l 00 eg o t~ o CO 1-1 I— 1 (M CD CO CO OS in iH iH 00 CO CO CO IC o CO CQ Tt< m OS cq o CD OS in OS 1:^ 00 CO t^ CO cq CO o cq o eg in CO OS I-l (M CO CO CO 00 in iH eg 00 CO OCl CO CO CO 00 CO in CO eq in CD CD OS 1—1 •* OO 00 'i*

-l EH < H ii _ OS a 'z < H H H S P fM A^ tH P » ^ o o ^ r^ ^ a o o s w 1-4 A 3 ci ^ g a> cr (D ^ "5 3 OQ " ^ tH "2 rH O g OS ^ iH .S "O CO rQ .. "" OS OS « fl S « •X} 2 -^ CO i~, ^; c« o o ^ .•§ £ ^ -2 § >q a cs g g d d ^ u O Q> fi-i CD r>. = *- S S b O ^ ^3 '^ -tJ _, O OJ cS - - Cd CO q;) U) be H - ■ Ph be ! OS iH ^ o o rt r- O O ^ Eh 160 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois The following table presents a comparison between the en- rolment in the various colleges, schools and curriculums in 1903-04 and 1919-20. ENROLMENT BY COLLEGES, SCHOOLS, AND CUERICULUMS, 1903-4 AND 1919-20 Enrolment Increase Per cent College and Curriculum 1903-4 1919-20 1919-20 of increase Liberal Arts and Sciences General 492 1390 898 182 Journalism 147 147 Law Preparatory 131 131 Medical Preparatory 40 179 139 347 Household Science 25 284 259 1036 Chemistry 33 160 127 384 Chemical Engineering 23 256 233 1013 Total 631 2547 1916 303 Engineering Architecture 75 120 45 60 Architectural Engineering 43 156 113 262 Ceramic Engineering 46 46 Civil Engineering 232 351 119 51 Electrical Engineering 172 455 283 164 Mechanical Engineering 219 528 309 141 Mining Engineering 61 61 Municipal and Sanitary Engineering 8 12 4 50 Railway Civil Engineering 3 10 7 233 Railway Electrical Engineering 20 20 Railway Mechanical Engineering 6 6 Gen. Begin. Physics 3 3 Unspecified 34 . . (34)* Total 786 1768 982 124 Agriculture General 291 1113 822 282 Household Science 17 102 85 500 Total 308 1215 907 294 Music 101 119 18 17 Commerce and Business Administration 41 1588 1547 3773 Education 87 87 Total, Undergraduates at Urbana.1849 7324 5475 296 ^m ifh^ usic 23 uifdi'n^ The Student Body 161 Enrolment Increase Per cent College and Curriculum 1903-04 1919-20 1919-20 of increase Law 142 109 (33)^ (23)^ Library School 79 34 (45)^ (57)» Graduate School 118 380 262 222 Total at Urbana, Winter Session. .2188 7839== 5651 258 Summer Session 229 1314 1085 473 Total at Urbana during year 2417 9153 6736 278 Medicine (Chicago) 694 308 (386)» (56)^ Dentistry (Chicago) 163 196 33 20 Pharmacy (Chicago) 185 209 24 14 Total in Chicago 1042 713 (329)» (32)» Preparatory 257 .. (257)^ Total in University 3716 9866 6150 166 Duplicates to be deducted 124 617 493 Net Total FOE Yeae 3592 9249 5657 157 Attention has already been called to the fact that the total gain in enrolment for the past sixteen years was over 157 per cent. From the preceding table it may be observed that several divisions of the University show a much larger increase. Thus, in the business courses, administered under the College of Literature and Arts in 1903-04 but constituting a separate College of Commerce and Business Administration in 1919-20, there was a gain of 3,773 per cent. The enrolment in House- hold Science, divided between the College of Agriculture and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, shows a total gain of 768 per cent. There was a gain of 1,013 per cent in the num- ber enrolled in the curriculum in Chemical Engineering. There was an increase of 473 per cent in the total enrolment in the Summer Session, of 222 per cent in the Graduate School and of 294 per cent in the College of Agriculture. The divisions showing a loss are the Library School, and the Colleges of Law and Medicine. In the majority of these divisions ^Decrease ^Deducting 8 duplicates 162 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois the loss may properly be attributed to an advancement of the standards required for admission and for graduation.!^ It should be noted that the enrolment for the summer session is not classified in the table according to the divisions of the University. The total figure for the enrolment in various di- visions would, of course, be considerably larger if such classifica- tion were made. Thus, while the table shows an enrolment of 380 for the Graduate School for 1919-20 for the regular school year, there were 170 graduate students enrolled in the summer session, or a gross total of 550 for the year of 12 months, and a net total of 466, excluding duplicates. In the following table a summary is presented of the var- ious degrees granted by the University from 1905 to 1919. "A statement of the changes in standards is to be found later in this chapter The Student Body 163 t^ CO O (M O ^ tH CO i-l ^ «o 00 ?o t- CO cq th oo ko lO M CO i-l N (M 1-1 O kO i» KO CO I-l t^ Oi p g ^ aj PI o O g <1 6 H .9 ■& J f^ o _g PI o rt^ .1-1 4_> S .9 § § S ft to CO iH CO to ^ '<1< S 00 i-l I-l 00 CO CO CO cq << I— < (H 5 ^ c3 5? S .2 .S 00 »C OS I-l CO cS be 02 CC o -^ -s; VX/ w (- u^ bJD bJD «P bX s s a s o o faC tuD o S " be be "si H ^ ^H ;3 :=! ;5 P3 ^ C» be tiX)^ -M ^ r^ r^ r H =3 PQ" ij' m orf W CO OJ 02 1^ oi w <^' m > 13 ."S rO O) fl PI OD ro Q> rO " tJ be p o o "C •H aj o rO 5 ® <» bo .'75 Pi <» S 0(5 o a> at CO > OJ t( «PI fl p M-^tPl t- CO « -^ «. g <« ® £§D2 .X cd 1— I •"S a m <4-l 164 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois iH OS iH I O lO (M iH ITi t^ iH rH O w o ^ ° ^ ^ ^^ ogooooJ3.Si2 M The Student Body 165 In the next table there is presented a comparison of the number of degrees granted in the various colleges and schools of the University in 1904 and in 1918. DEGEEES CONFEEEED IN 1904 AND IN 1918 1904 1918 Degrees in the Graduate School Master of Arts 10 52 Master of Science 2 33 Civil Engineer 2 Master of Architecture 1 Electrical Engineer 1 Architectural Engineer 1 Mechanical Engineer 2 Doctor of Philosophy 33 Total 14 123 Baccalaureate Degrees A. B., College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 120 24^ B. S., College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 31 B, L., College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 1 A.B., College of Commerce and Business Administration .... 38 B. S., College of Commerce and Business Administration. ... 17 B, S., College of Engineering 99 121 B. S., College of Agriculture 16 139 B. Mus., School of Music 6 Total 235 602 Degrees in Law LL. B 39 5 Degrees in Library Science B.L. S 30 12 Total, Colleges and Schools at Urbana 318 742 Degrees in Medicine B. S 68 M. D 216 30 Total 216 98 Degrees in Dentistry D. D. S 56 46 166 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois DEGREES CONEEREED IN 1904 AND IN 1918 Degrees in Pharmacy Ph. G 43 38 Ph. C 4 Total 43 42 Total, Departments in Chicago 315 186 Total, All Departments 633 928 The total number of degrees granted in the undergraduate colleges rose from 235 in 1904 to 602 (779)* in 1918, a gain of 367 (571), or over 156 (243) per cent. The professional schools, on the other hand, all show a loss in the number of degrees con- ferred. In 1904, 384 degrees were granted in Law, Library- Science, Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmacy — over 60 per cent of the entire number granted by the University. In that year the number granted in the Chicago Departments, 315, was only three less than the total number granted in all the departments at Urbana. In 1918 the number of degrees conferred in the professional schools was 203 (220), or less than 22 (18) per cent of the total number conferred by the University in that year. This decrease is due in part to the much higher entrance re- quirements prevailing during recent years, and in part to the economic fact that the supply of professionally trained men and women is likely to come in response to a demand — real or supposed — for persons so equipped; whereas the student in the undergraduate college chooses his course largely with a view of acquiring a general education, leaving his final choice of a vocation to be made at a later time. There was a steady increase in the number of degrees granted in the Graduate School during the fourteen years from 1904 to 1918. However, the number of degrees granted to graduate students dropped from 197 in 1917 to 123 in 1918, a loss of 74 or nearly 38 per cent. During the fourteen year period from 1904 to 1918, the total number increased from 14 in 1904 to 123 (197) in 1918, a gain of more than 778 (1,307) per cent. The degrees of Master of Arts and Master of Science were con- *The figures in parenthesis are those for 1916-17. The Student Body 167 ferred on 10 persons and 2 persons, respectively, in 1904, but in 1918 52 (87) persons were granted the degree of A. M. and 33 (59) that of M, S. In 1904 no person was granted the de- gree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1918 this degree was conferred on 33 (36) persons. The degree was granted to a total of 241 persons during the fifteen years from 1905 to 1919. The number of persons receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts was 249 (235) in 1918 as compared with 120 in 1904. The number of graduates of the College of Engineering increased from 99 to 121 (218), a gain of more than 22 (120) per cent. A remarkable gain is shown in the number of persons who completed the curriculum of the College of Agriculture. One hundred and thirty-nine (235) persons received the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture in 1918 as against only 16 in 1904, an increase of over 768 (1,368) per cent. The newly organized College of Commerce and Business Ad- ministration presented 69 candidates for the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1916, and 38 (73) in 1918, together with 17 (3) candi- dates for the degree of Bachelor of Science in the latter year. The total number of degrees granted by the University in- creased, with some degree of uniformity, from 633 in 1904, to 928 (1,223) in 1918— a total gain of 295 (590), or about 47 (93) per cent for the fourteen year period. The exceptionally large number of degrees conferred in 1914 is partly to be ac- counted for by the fact that at the 1914 commencement 45 students of former years who had completed the required amount of work for a degree, but had failed to satisfy the technical re- quirements in force at that time, were granted the appropriate degrees. If this number be deducted from the total number of degrees conferred in 1914, the number of degrees granted to members of the class of 1914 is 987. It is perhaps worthy of note that the ratio of the number of degrees granted in 1918 to the total number of persons in attendance during the year 1917-18 is nearly the same as the corresponding ratio in 1904 — 16.6 (17.9) per cent in 1918 as compared with 17.6 per cent in the earlier year. In December, 1916, the Board of Trustees approved a recom- mendation of the University Senate to the effect that thereafter 168 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois degrees should be conferred four times a year — in August, Octo- ber and February as well as in June. In consequence of this action a student who completes his work at the end of a sum- mer session or at the end of the first semester is not required to wait until the following June for his degree. ^^ Thirteen de- grees were conferred in February, 1917, 11 in August and 37 in October in accordance with this provision. Such graduates are ranked as members of the class of the calendar year in which their degrees are conferred.^® In the four tables which follow, the distribution of degrees conferred in 1904 and in 1918, according to the place of resi- dence of the recipients is indicated. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF DEGREES GRANTED IN 1904 AND IN 1918 Departments Departments in Urbana in Chicago Total 1904 1918 1904 1918 1904 1918 lUinois 272 522 175 108 447 630 States other than Illinois 44 190 135 68 179 258 Insular Possessions of the U. S. . . 1 . . . . . . 1 Foreign Countries 2 29 5 10 7 39 Total 318 742 315 186 633 928 PERCENTAGE OF DEGREES GRANTED TO STUDENTS FROM ILLINOIS AND FROM OTHER STATES OR COUNTRIES IN 1904 AND IN 1918 DEPAKTMENTS IN UBBANA 1904 1918 Illinois 85% 70% States other than Illinois 14 26 Insular possessions of the U, S Foreign Countries 1 4 100 100 «Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 181 *'The degrees granted in February, August and October, 1917 are in- cluded in the tables above with the other degrees conferred in that year Tlie Student Body 169 DEPARTMENTS IN CHICAGO 1904 1918 Illinois 55% 58% States other than Illinois 43 37 Insular possessions of the U. S Foreign Countries 2 5 100 100 ALL DEPARTMENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY 1904 1918 IlUnois 71% 68% States other than Illinois 28 28 Insular possessions of the U. S Foreign Countries 1 4 100 100 A number of facts of interest may be deduced from the preceding tables. There has been a noteworthy increase in the number of students from other states and countries who have received degrees in the Urbana departments of the University. In 1904, 85 per cent of the students graduating from the various departments at Urbana were from Illinois, only 14 per cent from outside states and 1 per cent from foreign countries. In 1918, 26 (25) per cent of the graduates were from other states and 4 (4) per cent from foreign countries. Of degrees granted to graduates of Chicago departments in 1904, but 2 per cent were received by foreign students, while in 1918, 10 (9) degrees, or 5 (5) per cent were received by students from foreign coun- tries. Of the total number of degrees conferred by the Univer- sity in 1918, 298 (371), or 32 (31) per cent, were granted to students from other states or countries, as against 186, or 29 per cent in 1904. The extent to which certain departments attracted and held students from other states and from foreign countries may be seen from the fact that in 1917, 16 out of 26 bachelor's degrees granted in architecture, 11 out of the 31 in architectural en- gineering, and 6 out of 10 in the Library School were conferred on students from states other than Illinois. Of 10 bachelors' 170 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois degrees in railway engineering, four were granted to students of other states and two to students from foreign countries. In the College of Commerce, 17 of the 76 bachelors ' degrees granted were conferred on students from other states, and 5 on students from foreign countries. Of the 188 degrees granted by the Graduate School in 1917, only 88 were received by students from Illinois, while 100 de- grees were given to students from other states, from our insular possessions, or from foreign countries. In the departments of botany, chemistry, classics, economics, mathematics, German, political science, Romance languages, transportation, zoology, animal husbandry, dairy husbandry, civil engineering, theoreti- cal and applied mechanics and mechanical engineering, half or over half of the advanced degrees granted were conferred on students not living in Illinois. In entomology, philosophy, bac- teriology and railway engineering, all the higher degrees were received by students from other states or from foreign countries. It is evident from these figures that the work of the Uni- versity of Illinois has become favorably known beyond the borders of the state during the past sixteen years. This fact is shown even more clearly by the total enrolment of students at the University during the year 1917-18, as presented in the following table : GEOGRAPHICAL DISTEIBUTION OF STUDENTS 1917-18 Urbana Chicago Total Illinois 3,756 367 4,123 States other than Illinois 1,113 198 1,311 Insular possessions of the U. S, . . . 12 3 15 Foreign Countries 126 15 141 Total 5,007 583 5,590 From the foregoing table it may be noted that 1,467 stu- dents, or over 26 per cent of the total enrolment in the Uni- versity for the year 1917-18, were from outside the state; and The Student Body * 171 that of these, 141 came to the institution from foreign countries and 15 from the insular possessions of the United States. Thirty-one foreign countries and four of the insular posses- sions of the United States were represented at the University during the year 1917-18 by one or more students each. For several years the University of Illinois has provided an Adviser* to Foreign Students to assist them in the solution of their special problems and to facilitate the adjustment of their previous edu- cational work with the courses offered at the University. It is worthy of note, that the success which had attended this work at the University of Illinois has resulted in the adoption of the plan by a number of other leading universities. The following tables exhibit the attendance of foreign stu- dents at the University of Illinois. FOREIGN COUNTRIES REPRESENTED BY STUDENTS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 1917-18 No. of No. of Country Students Country Students China 37 Germany 2 Japan 21 Nova Scotia 2 Brazil 13 Austria India 11 Jamaica Canada 10 San Domingo Mexico 5 Italy Greece 4 Hungary Syria Bulgaria 4 ,^,.-1:. * ^ Trinidad . Peru 4 Argentina Spain 3 Burmai . Chile 3 Denmark . Russia 2 Colombia Norway 2 Servia Cuba 2 Hayti Holland 2 Ireland Total from Foreign Countries 141 *Title changed to Assistant Dean of Men for Foreign Students, 1918 172 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois INSULAR POSSESSIONS OF THE UNITED STATES (Including Canal Zone) Eepresented by Students, 1917-18 No. of Students 5 Country Hawaii . . Philippines Total . No. of Country Students Porto Eico 2 Canal Zone 1 15 Attendance of Individual Students in Successive Years The following table is of interest as indicating the extent to which students drop out of college before the completion of their courses. 1'^ Although the figures shown are for but a single year, the number of students involved is sufficiently large to make it probable that the percentages found represent fairly the facts relating to the attendance of students in any two successive years. THE UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGES, THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC AND THE COLLEGE OF LAW Percentages op Students Graduated, Returned, Not Returned (Students of 1911-12) Total Grad- June Returned Not Ret 'd 1911- uated 1912 1912 1912 Colleges and Schools 12 No. Pet. No. Pet. No. Pet. Literature and Arts 909 164 18.0 501 55.1 244 26.9 Science 393 64 16.3 256 65.1 73 18.6 Engineering 1,290 195 15.1 661 51.2 434 33.7 Agriculture 818 68 8.3 485 59.2 265 32.5 Music 82 2 2.5 47 57.3 33 40.2 Law 122 26 21.3 84 68.8 12 9.9 Totals 3,614 519 14.4 2,034 56.2 1,061" 29.4 It will be noticed that there is a considerable difference in the case of the various colleges in the proportion of students who leave before completing their work, ranging from less than ten per cent for the College of Law to over forty per cent for the School of Music. *'From Report of Registrar, Univ. of lU., September 29, 1913, p. 22 The Student Body 173 Occupations of Parents of Students From the following table it will be seen that the student body of the University is composed of young men and young women whose parents are engaged in occupations of the most varied character. ^^ Here again the figures presented are for a single year, 1912-13, but it is not probable that the year upon which the study was made was exceptional in the facts pertaining to the occupations followed by the parents of the students of this University. OCCUPATIONS OF STUDENTS' PAEENTS AND GUARDIANS— Undergraduate Students at Urbana, 1912-13 L. A. Li- fe S. Eng. Agr. Music Law brarj Total Professions (the ministry, medicine, the law, teaching, the army and navy) 204 99 98 17 27 4 449 Scientific Professions (ceram- ists, chemists, engineers, etc.) 45 71 18 .. 4 2 140 Artistic Professions (archi- tects, artists, authors, etc.) 9 23 8 .. .. 1 41 Government Service (United States, state, county, city) 41 37 18 1 4 1 102 Business Manufacturing 53 57 12 1 6 . . 129 Mercantile 300 228 117 17 15 3 680 Business Managers 50 75 27 4 6 . . 162 Financial and semi-legal (abstracter, banker, bro- ker, cashier, real estate dealer, etc.) 87 83 58 10 11 2 251 Eailroading 35 35 16 2 4 1 93 Agriculturists 301 142 409 20 27 10 909 Skilled Laborers 76 120 35 6 6 1 244 Unskilled Laborers 27 43 14 1 6 1 92 Miscellaneous 73 71 36 4 2 3 189 Retired or "no occupation" 20 18 7 .. 2 2 49 Occupation not given 53 58 6 5 6 5 133 Total 1,374 1,160 879 88 126 36 3,663 ^'Report of Registrar, Univ. of III., September 29, 1913, p. 78 174 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois It is perhaps worthy of note that the largest number of young men and young women were from the farm, and that next in order are the sons and the daughters of men engaged in merchantile business, the professions, financial and semi- legal business, and as skilled laborers. The wide range of occu- pations makes it clear that the University is an institution of the whole state, serving all classes of its citizens. Entrance Requirements In the course of the past sixteen years the requirements for admission have been raised in the case of each of the various colleges and schools of the University. ^^ The following table with the accompanying notes indicates the extent to which the re- quirements have been advanced in each instance. The changes made in the last sixteen years in the require- ments for entrance to the University may be summarized as follows : For admission to the colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Engineering and Agriculture, and the School of Music fifteen units are now required, as against thirteen and one-third units required in 1904. The requirements for admission to the College of Commerce and Business Administration, organized as a separate college in 1915, have from the outset been 15 units. For admission to the College of Law 13% units were re- quired in 1904. At the present time, in addition to 15 entrance units, two years of college work are required for entrance to the three-year course, and one year of college work for entrance to the four-year course. Three years of college work were required in 1904 and until 1911 for admission to the Library School. Since 1911 the pos- session of a bachelor's degree has been necessary to secure ad- mission as a candidate for the degree in library science. In 1904, 13% units were required for entrance to the College of Medicine. For 1913-14, 15 entrance units and the completion "Cf. Univ. of 111. Annual Eegister, 1904 to 1917; Eepts., Univ. of 111., 1904 to 1916; Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18 The Student Body ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS 1904-1920 175 Units Required for Admission to the Various Colleges and Schools OF THE University Music Pharmacy L.A.&S. Eng'g Agric. Law Library School Medi- cine Dentistry Year Ph.G. Curricu- Ph.C. Curri- Com.* lum culum 1904-5 ISVs 131/3 98 hrs. col. credits 131/3 1 yr. h. s. gram.sch. course 4 1905-6 14 14 98 hrs. ool. credits 14 2 yrs, h. s. gram.sch. course •• 1906-7 14 14 98 hrs. col. credits 14 h.s. course gram.sch. course •• 1907-8 14 14^ 98 hrs. col. credits 14 h.s. course gram.sch. course •• 1908-9 15 15= 98 hrs. col. credits 15 15 1 yr. h. s. 15 1909-10 15 15» 98 hrs. col. credits 15 15 1 yr. h. 8. 15 1910-11 15 15' 98 hrs. col. credits 15 15 1 yr. h. s. 15 1911-12 15 lyr. college Bachelor 's degree 15 15 1 yr. h. s. 15 1912-13 15 lyr. college Bachelor 's degree 15 5 1 yr. h. 8. 15 1913-14 15 lyr. college Bachelor 's degree lyr. col. 15 1 yr. h. 8. 15 1914-15 15 lyr. Bachelor 's 2 yrs. 15 2 yrs. ac. 15 college degree col. h.s. 1915-16 15 2 yrs. Bachelor 's 2 yrs. 15 2 yrs. ac. 15 college degree col. h.s. 1916-17 15 2 yrs. college Bachelor 's degree 2 yrs. col. 15 15 15 1917-18^ 15 lor2ys. college'' Bachelor 's degree 2 yrs. col. 15 15 15 "'After the first of September, 1907, the degree of LL.B. will be conferred only upon students, who, before the academic year in which they receive it, have satisfactorily completed a full year's work in the College of Literature and Arts or the College of Science, or in the corresponding department of another university or college of recognized standing, or to students who have attained in the course which they present for the 176 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois of one year of college work were required. Since 1914-15, two years of college work have been prerequisite. The entrance requirements for the College of Dentistry have advanced from one year of high school work to a credit of 15 units. In 1904 only the completion of a grammar school course was required for admission to the School of Pharmacy. From 1908 to 1913, one year of high school work was required for enrol- ment as a candidate for the degree of Graduate of Pharmacy. For 1914-15 the requirements for entrance to the curriculum leading to that degree were fixed as two years' work in an ac- credited high school. Since 1916, 15 units have been required. For admission to the curriculum leading to the degree of Phar- maceutical Chemist, 15 units have been required since the organ- ization of this curriculum in 1908. degree an average grade of 85 on the scale of 100." — Eegister, Univ. of 111., 1906-07, p. 167. ^TTie above paragraph (note 1) is stated more explicitly in the an- nouncements published the next year, as follows: "Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Laws who register in the College of Law after February 1, 1908, in addition to the above law credits, will be required to present credits for one full year's work in the College of Literature and Arts or the College of Science, or the corresponding department of another University or college of recognized standing; or attain in the law courses which they present for the degree an average grade of 85 on the scale of 100. This rule does not apply to members of the Illinois Bar who are admitted to the third year class and may receive the degree of Bachelor of Laws upon satisfactory completion of the work of that year. ' ' — Eegister, Univ. of 111., 1907-08, p. 171. These provisions appear also in the Kegisters for 1908-09 (p. 177) and 1909-10 (p. 206). ^The requirements for 1919-20 were the same as for 1917-18. ^On June 7, 1917, the Board of Trustees adopted a recommendation of the University Senate, that in addition to the present three-year curri- culum in law, with the admission requirement of sixty hours of college credit, a four-year curriculum in law be established: the admission require- ments of the four-year curriculum to be matriculation and thirty hours' credit in a college of this University, or the equivalent. On June 25, a second recommendation was adopted, that students transferring from other institutions who may fall short not to exceed five hours of credit by transfer may be admitted to the three-year curriculum as conditioned students; such conditions to be made up before the beginning of the student's second year in the college.— Min. Board of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, pp. 336, 390. ^The College of Commerce was not organized as a separate college until 1915. The curriculum leading to the degree of Pharmaceutical Chemist was not established until 1908. The College of Dentistry was not operated dur- ing the year 1912-13. ^Vomans Building <^VomQns^esidence OiaJf <^omQn^'~Buildmg\ Ori^naLlVing The Student Body 111 The state law providing for the organization of the Univer- sity stipulated that no student should be admitted to instruction in any of the departments of the University who should not have attained to the age of 15 years.^^ On March 13, 1894, in ac- cordance with a recommendation of the faculty, transmitted to the Board of Trustees by Acting President Burrill, and a favor- able recommendation of the Board's committee on instruction, the Board voted that no person under 16 years of age should thereafter be admitted to the University. ^i In addition to this regulation, which is still in effect, further restrictions have been placed upon prospective matriculants in certain departments of the University. The College of Law, from its organization in 1897^2 until 1911 admitted only students who were at least 18 years of age. Since 1911, when a year of college work was added to the re- quirements for admission to that college, the minimum age limit of 18 years has been removed. The College of Dentistry has since 1913 admitted only stu- dents 18 years of age or over. Thruout the period since its organization as a department of the University of Illinois; that is, sin »e|r """'"Ti'l •T^l L_ UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS CAMPUS -1920. Stougfaton ., SlTtel hbck. th. ihoM plir The Campus, 1920 Campus Plans 195 of a vigorous discussion by the Board of Trustees. Five of the nineteen members present voted to erect the building upon the grounds north of Springfield Avenue.^ However, it was decided that "the new University building shall be built on the crest of the ridge on which the gardener's house now stands, being that part of the University lands lying immediately south of Green Streets."^ The fact that this building was erected facing the north and midway between the east and west lines of the campus as it existed at that time, indicates that even the most far- sighted of those in authority did not anticipate a further growth toward the south. All the buildings erected during the suc- ceeding thirty years, except two, were placed north of the east and west axis of University Hall. So far as a plan was fol- lowed in the location of these buildings, there was a general grouping by departments, and the buildings were made to face three principal streets — Springfield Avenue, Burrill Avenue, and Green Street. The Armory and the Gymnasium were placed on Springfield Avenue near the athletic field and the parade grounds; the engineering buildings in close succession along Burrill Avenue, with Engineering Hall fronting on Green Street, the Natural History and Chemistry buildings and the Library facing Green Street from the south and the Presi- dent's house from the north. The Observatory was placed far to the south that it might be well removed from the other build- ings, and the Agricultural building was placed south of the general group in order that it might be accessible both from the farm and from the buildings housing related departments of study. A similar consideration determined the location of the Chemistry laboratory in 1902 between the Natural History Hall, University Hall and the Agricultural building. The Woman's building was placed to the south to insure a certain degree of privacy to the building and to the young women's athletic field adjacent. When the erection of an auditorium was under considera- tion in 1905, it became evident that this structure must be lo- =Eept., Univ. of 111., 1870-71, pp. 112-3 «Ibid 196 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois cated with reference to the future growth of the University, in order that it might be readily accessible from all parts of the campus. It became necessary, therefore, to fix with some degree of definiteness upon a campus plan which should provide adequately for future enlargement. The result of much study and several conferences by Messrs. C. H. Blackall, Olmsted Brothers, and J. M. White, and later Mr. Burnham and Mr. Zimmerman, the state architect, was a decision to place the Auditorium on a north and south axis midway between Wright Street and Mathews Avenue. This plan assumes that the future growth of the University will be chiefly toward the south of University Hall. So far as buildings have been erected or planned within the past eleven years, with the exception of the Education building, the Vivarium and those of the engineering group, this assumption has been maintained. The Commerce building, Lincoln Hall, the new Armory, the Stock Pavilion, the Administration build- ing, the new Library, the Smith Memorial Music Hall, the Gregory Art Hall, the Women's Residence Hall, have been or will be built south of the old University building. There is seen in the location of the buildings at present under consid- eration the beginnings of an entirely new extension of the campus. The accompanying cut will make clear the plan which, though not formally adopted, is being quite closely followed at the present time. It will be seen that the new Armory is southwest of the Auditorium on the axis of Fifth Street, Champaign. Similarly, the new Library is to be erected east of the Armory on its east and west axis and on the axis of Wright Street. Directly south of the Auditorium will be a group of buildings for the College of Agriculture. To the west of the Stock Pavilion is a series of buildings to be occupied by the same college. The present Agricultural Hall will be reconstructed, and the two buildings which will result will be used by the College of Lib- eral Arts and Sciences. West of the Agricultural group and south of the Armory extends the new parade ground, already in use, and still farther to the west along the Illinois Central tracks will be the golf links and the new Illinois Field. A Plan for Campus Development Campus Plans 197 The cut shows also a new building between the present Library and Natural History Hall, closing the rectangle which the Auditorium bounds on the south. University Hall and the Law building are represented as having been removed ; Burrill Avenue is extended in a direct line nearly to the Stock Judging Pavilion ; and a new avenue extends nearly parallel to it, verg- ing toward the west as it goes south from Green Street at the same rate at which Burrill avenue inclines toward the east. In this plan there are assigned for the Engineering build- ings, in addition to the block now fully occupied, the block west of Burrill Avenue and north of Green Street and nearly two blocks east of Mathews avenue. North of Springfield Avenue and east of Mathews Avenue is the building of the School of Education. Directly south of the latter is the Botanical laboratory. The plan represents also a series of women's residence halls south of Nevada Street and extending from Mathews Avenue to Lincoln Avenue. One such hall is now completed, but it is questionable whether this whole area will be thus occupied. An interesting feature of the plan at present followed at the University of Illinois is the extent to which a combination is brought about between the system of continuous buildings with courtyards and the open order system. Of the former system Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects, say ;•* ''Undoubtedly the most convenient, the most economical and the most architecturally impressive plan for grouping the university working buildings would be that of continuous buildings in the border of each block of land with a court or courts in the middle forming a hollow square." The recommendation of Olmsted Brothers was, however, in the case of the University of Illinois, for the open order system, with room for trees between the buildings. The latter plan was that which had been followed during the early years of the University, but within the past ten years it has been modi- fied by the acceptance of the principle that there must be "a general appearance of harmony among the various buildings, in architectural style, in kind and color of exterior materials. ^Special report to the University of Illinois, 1907, pp. 17-18 198 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois in floor levels, cornice lines, pitch of roofs, alignment of corri- dors, symmetry and coincidence of axis lines, orientation and grades."^ But the University has gone even a step farther, and while not constructing a series of buildings continuously about a court it has so planned the construction of each of the more important of the recent buildings as to provide for either one or two interior courts, the whole building when completed having thus somewhat the same appearance as would have re- sulted if a series of smaller buildings had been erected on the four borders of the same block. It will be noticed that at present, as in the past, buildings are being grouped according to departments. Much greater regard is now had, however, for the matter of convenience in the location of buildings of general use, and an attempt is being made to foresee in so far as possible the future needs of the University, and to place each new building in that loca- tion where it will meet not only the immediate requirements, but those of the future as well. In 1919, the Board of Trustees voted to employ as consulting architects the firm of Holabird and Roche, of Chicago, and in 1920 the Board appointed a Commission consisting of the fol- lowing persons : Mrs. Margaret D. Blake, Chairman, Mrs. Mary E. Busey, Mr. William L. Abbott, Dean C. R. Richards, and Director George A. Huff. The purpose of this commission is to consider with the Consulting Architects and the Supervising Architect the development of the Campus Plan. How far those now in authority will be successful in this endeavor only time will show. But it is significant that the problem is receiving serious study ; and while it is probable that it will become evident in the course of time that errors have been committed, the likelihood of serious mistakes has been greatly decreased. "Special report to the University of Illinois, 1907, p. 20 CHAPTER IX THE COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS The various independent colleges and schools which together constitute the University of Illinois have almost without excep- tion exhibited a noteworthy development during the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920. The growth of these has been pre- sented in detached form in the preceding chapters. In the present chapter there have been assembled certain of the facts already given, and some of the outstanding features of the devel- opment of the individual colleges and schools are emphasized. 1. The Graduate School Until 1907 the Graduate School, which had been formally organized in 1892, was maintained out of general University funds. The appropriation of $50,000 a year by the Legislature in 1907 for the support of graduate work was followed by the organization of an Executive Faculty of the Graduate School, and the adoption of more comprehensive plans for the work. It has been the endeavor of the Executive Faculty "to bring the Graduate School to the point where it shall offer instruction and equipment equal to that of any graduate school in the country."^ The Graduate School in 1919-20 offered more than six hun- dred courses, graduate work being made available in practically every department of the University. Sixteen years ago much less financial encouragement was given to prospective graduate students by the University of Illinois than at the present time. In 1903-04 eight fellowships were offered in the Graduate School, each with a stipend of $300 per annum. In the year 1919-20, $25,000 was appropri- ated for graduate fellowships with a stipend varying from $300 to $500 a year and for graduate scholarships of the value of $250 each. For that year 25 scholars and 25 fellows were appointed. In addition to these, 7 persons were able to spend one-half of Trom the bulletin, "Why go to a Graduate School," Univ. of 111., pp. 13-15 199 200 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois their time upon graduate work for a degree while holding re- search fellowships of the value of $500 each in the Engineering Experiment Station. There has also been offered annually since 1911 the Francis J. Plym Fellowship in Architecture with a stipend of $1,000. The holder of this fellowship is thus enabled to spend a year abroad in the advanced study of architecture. In 1916-17 a Celtic Fel- lowship of $1,000 was established by the Irish Fellowship Club of Chicago. The total number of students enrolled in the Graduate School in 1903-04 was 118. The number had increased to 380 in 1919-20, excluding the summer session — a gain of 262, or nearly 220 per cent. If the summer session enrolment be taken into ac- count also, the gross total for 1919-20 was 550 ; and the net total, excluding persons who returned for the winter session, 466 — a gain of 348 or over 294 per cent for the sixteen years. In 1919-20 there were published under the auspices of the Graduate School the Journal of English and Germanic Philology, and three series of University Studies: Social Science Series, Language and Literature Series and Biological Monographs. The Illinois Historical Survey, an organization having for its purpose the prosecution of systematic studies in the history of Illinois, was established as a department of the Graduate School in 1910. The Graduate School of the University of Illinois was given formal recognition in 1908 by the admission of the University to the Association of American Universities, the chief require- ment for membership in which is "the existence of a strong graduate department. ' '^ 2. The College op Liberal Arts and Sciences^ This college was formed in 1913 by the union of the College of Literature and Arts and the College of Science. Each of the *Eeport of Ninth Annual Conference, 1908, pp. 74-5 ^A considerable part of the data contained in this statement was furn- ished by Prof. E. B. Greene, Dean of the College of Literature and Arts from 1906 to 1913; by Prof. E. J. Townsend, Dean of the College of Science from 1905 to 1913; and by Dean K. C. Babeock of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The Colleges and Schools 201 constituent colleges had shown a marked advance during the years from 1904 to 1913, and this advance has continued with- out interruption since their amalgamation. In 1903-04 the faculty of the College of Literature and Arts numbered 38 persons; that of the College of Science, 35, a total of 73. In 1919-20 the number had risen to 324, a gain of over 343 per cent. The advance in the standards of scholar- ship has been even more important. In 1904 a large part of the instruction was in the hands of men who had themselves received no considerable amount of university training beyond that indicated by the possession of the bachelor's, or at best, the master's degree. For several years it has been the policy of this College to make the possession of the doctor's degree a prerequisite — except in rare cases — to promotion to the rank of instructor or above. This degree is not insisted upon as a mere fetish, but as a concrete evidence of intellectual ability, of capacity for sustained endeavor, and of general interest in the promotion of advanced scholarship. From 1903-04 to 1913 the enrolment of the College of Lit- erature and Arts increased from 483 to 926; of the College of Science, from 130 to 448. The total for the combined col- lege in 1919-20 was 2,547. In connection with this substantial evidence of growth there should be taken into account also the distinct advance in scholarship standards. The group of stu- dents who divided their time between the college and the acad- emy has been eliminated, and a conservative policy has been pursued with reference to the admission of special students. The growth of the University Library from 66,239 volumes in 1904 to about 428,000 in 1920, has meant much to all depart- ments of the University, but has been of special significance to the literary and scientific departments. The actual utiliza- tion of these resources has been greatly facilitated by the estab- lishment of the seminar rooms in Lincoln Hall and of the various other departmental libraries. The organization, likewise, of the Museum of Classical Art and Archaeology, the Museum of European Culture and the Oriental Museum involved an important addition not only to the material available for use in formal instruction, but to the 202 Sixteen Tears at tlie University of Illinois factors which promote general culture in college life. The ap- pointment of a full-time Curator of the Museum of Natural History is significant of further growth in service. Important progress was made during the years from 1904 to 1920 in the construction of buildings for this division of the University. The erection of Lincoln Hall, the Vivarium, the Botany Greenhouse and the additions to the Natural History Building and the Chemistry Laboratory, served to relieve con- ditions which were fast becoming insanitary through overcrowd- ing, and gave opportunity both for the expansion of the literary departments and for the more complete utilization of the scien- tific laboratories and equipment. The conduct of the Journal of English and Germanic Philology; the editing of the Yearbook of the German Ameri- can Historical Society of Illinois, the Illinois Historical Collec- tions, the Mississippi Valley Historical Review and the Journal of the American Chemical Society ; assistance rendered the State Tax Commission, the State Efficiency Commission and other state bodies, are some of the many activities outside the regu- lar field of University work which have been carried on by members of this college during a part of the last sixteen years in the interest of productive scholarship or of expert service to the State. From 1913 to 1920 ^ As previously mentioned the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences was created by the union of the College of Literature and Arts and the College of Science. The union became effective on the first of July, 1913 and the new College therefore com- pleted the first five years of its existence with the end of the last fiscal year. The requirements for admission and for a de- gree in the two colleges differed considerably and the reorgan- ization of curriculum and procedure has been a slow and some- times difficult process, but at the end of seven years, the com- plete unification of the College has been accomplished. The new curriculum for the A. B. degree was worked out by the faculty of the College and finally approved by the Board *A special statement by Dean K. C. Babcock The Colleges and Schools 203 of Trustees in June, 1914. It is based upon the principle of minimum requirements in six groups of subjects and a larger requirement in one major subject, buttressed with a group of allied minor subjects. The principle of election is also observed in provisions by which students may have free election of about forty out of one hundred thirty hours, in subjects taken in departments of this College, or in a limited number of sub- jects in departments in other colleges of the University. Considerable expansion has been made in the plan of com- bined courses in Liberal Arts and Sciences on the one hand, and Law, Medicine and Dentistry on the other. By this, it is now possible for a student to get an A.B. degree upon the completion of three years' work in Liberal Arts and one year's work in Law, Medicine, or Dentistry, either in the University of Illinois or in another approved institution. By a process of division, the College of Commerce and Busi- ness Administration was created out of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, effective September first, 1915 and the work in ceramics and ceramic engineering was transferred to the College of Engineering. As a consequence of this division, the registration of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences fell from 1,858 for 1914-15 to 1,552 in 1915-16, and rose to 1,784 for 1916-17 and to 2,547 in 1919-20. The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences continues to be the great service college for the other colleges of the University, and departmental unity has been maintained with a remarkable consistency. All the instructional work in English, mathematics, chemistry, zoology and botany required by the currieulums in agriculture and in engineering is given by these departments in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The service feature of the College is illustrated also by its complete co-operation with the Graduate School. With minor exceptions, all salaries of persons giving instruction or conduct- ing research in the Graduate School in departments represented in this College, outside of stipends for graduate students, are paid out of the budget of the College, and allowance of time for research and productive scholarship is made in arranging the schedule of work for promising men on the faculty. In a few 204 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois cases, a professor is relieved of undergraduate teaching for a semester, in order to devote his time to investigation and writ- ing. In others, the burden of teaching is materially reduced for a period agreed upon with the Graduate School. The num- ber of research assistants has been increased in order to facili- tate the investigations of men of distinction and promise. Such assistants have been provided upon a more or less permanent basis in the departments of Botany, Chemistry, the Classics^ Mathematics and Zoology. This does not take into account the work of the Illinois Historical Survey, which is closely allied with the Department of History. Notable changes have occurred in several departments. A new professor and head of the department has been appointed in Botany, in Geology and in Romance Languages. The resig- nation of the chairman of the Department of English was fol- lowed by the promotion of another professor to the chairman- ship and the addition of a new full professor. An increased registration in the University led to large increases in the staff of the departments of English, Chemistry, Romance Languages and History. In the College, a net total of twenty additional men of professorial rank, exclusive of added members of middle or lower ranks, marks the period of seven years. For seven years, the College has carried a system of special advisers for freshmen and sophomores, in order to give stu- dents coming for the first time to the University a helpful rela- tion with mature and sympathetic members of the faculty, over and above the necessary official relationship with administrative and instructional officers, and supplementary to the offices of the Dean of Men and the Dean of "Women. By assigning to a single teacher small groups of students, usually not exceeding twelve, and by selecting these students with reference to their personal qualities as developed by correspondence with previous high school teachers and instructors, the service rendered has proved distinctly helpful and has been greatly appreciated. The co-operation of the high school principals and teachers has been generous and cordial. For the first three years, each adviser was paid a small sum to cover incidental expenses of this service. The Colleges and ScJiools 205 3. The College of Engineering, and the Engineering Experiment Station^ In the development of the University of Illinois, the College of Engineering was early recognized as one of the strong tech- nical colleges of the country, and by the year 1904 its standing may be said to have been assured. During the past sixteen years there has been very significant progress made in the College of Engineering not only in the character of work done, in point of student attendance and in size of faculty, but more particularly through its contributions to engineering science. General Courses In 1904-05 the College of Engineering was composed of the following departments: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Elec- trical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Municipal and Sanitary Engineering and Physics. Four year courses leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science were offered in Architecture, Architectural Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Railway Mechanical Engineering and Municipal and Sanitary Engineering. The importance of transportation problems led to the estab- lishment of a separate Department of Railway Engineering and the School of Railway Engineering and Administration on January 30, 1906. Prior to this time the course in Railway Mechanical Engineering was given by the Department of Me- chanical Engineering. The activities of the School of Railway Engineering and Administration included a series of courses in Railway Engineering administered by the College of Engineer- ing, and courses in Railway Traffic, Railway Accounting and Railway Administration administered by the College of Com- merce and Business Administration. Also it offered courses in Railway Civil Engineering, Railway Electrical Engineering, Railway Mechanical Engineering, Railway Traffic and Account- ing and Railway Transportation. "In 1917 the activities of this '^Synopsis of a special report by C. E. Richards, Dean of the College and Director of the Station 206 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois school were suspended because the leading members of its fac- ulty were called away for war service."^ The Department of Mining Engineering was established on June 8, 1909, by an act of the Legislature in response to a de- mand for instruction in this subject on the part of the mining interests of the state. Prior to the organization of this De- partment a limited amount of instruction in mining engineer- ing had been given. The Department has shown much progress in the various lines of work under its direction. During the period under consideration, two departments of engineering, namely, Chemical Engineering and Ceramic En- gineering, were established in the College of Science, and a quasi- engineering department known as the Department of Farm Mechanics was established in the College of Agriculture. The Department of Ceramic Engineering was transferred to the Col- lege of Engineering in 1915. Special Activities Administeked by the College of Engineering During recent years the College of Engineering has admin- istered certain special or extra activities of importance to the State. As a result of the Cherry Mine disaster, there was estab- lished at a special session of the Legislature during the winter of 1910 a Mine Kescue Service in Illinois under the control of the Mine Rescue Commission, consisting of two mine operators, two miners, one mine inspector, one representative of the United States Bureau of Mines and one representative of the Mining Engineering Department of the University of Illinois. The University may justly claim much of the credit for the estab- lishment of this service, as it was the direct outgrowth of the pioneer work of the Urbana Rescue Station. On July 1, 1911, an appropriation of $10,000.00 for two years, made by the Legislature for co-operative investigations in mining, became available. Under the arrangements entered into, the United States Bureau of Mines, the State Geological Survey and the Department of Mining Engineering of the Uni- versity have co-operated in the investigation of mining condi- "Univ. of 111., Annual Register, 1917-18, p. 50 The Colleges and Schools 207 tions in Illinois. Much work of importance to the mine operators and miners of the State has been accomplished under this co-operative scheme. The University has continued to main- tain this co-operative work under the new arrangement of financial administration. In 1913 the Legislature appropriated the sum of $30,000.00 for two years to establish and maintain Miners' and Mechanics'^ Institutes which were placed under the direction of the Depart- ment of Mining Engineering. The purpose of the Miners' and Mechanics ' Institutes was somewhat similar to that of the Farm- ers ' Institutes, but their specific purpose was to assist men who are preparing themselves to pass the tests required by the State before they can hold official positions about the mines. A short course in Highway Engineering was given for the first time from January 19 to 31, 1914, and this has become an annual event. The course was placed under the immediate supervision of the Department of Civil Engineering. It was planned primarily to aid the newly appointed County Super- intendents of Highways in preparing for their duties, and to help any other persons interested in highway construction. It is especially significant that of the 66 county superintendents of highways provided for in the 1913 law, no less than 63 appeared at the first session and remained thruout the entire course. The Engineering Experiment Station The Engineering Experiment Station was established by action of the Board of Trustees on December 8, 1903, in con- nection with the College of Engineering. The purpose of the Station is to carry on investigations along various lines of en- gineering, and to make studies of problems of importance to professional engineers and to the manufacturing, mining, rail- way and other industrial interests of the State, The first bulle- tin issued by the Station bears the date of September 1, 1904. There was, however, no Station organization until Professor L. P. Breckenridge was appointed Director of the Engineering Experiment Station on June 2, 1905. During the period which has since elapsed one hundred fifteen bulletins have been pub- 208 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois lished, many of which are recognized as distinct and important contributions to the science of engineering. Probably none of the activities of the College of Engineering is of greater importance or has received more favorable and wide- spread attention than the Engineering Experiment Station. It was the first Engineering Experiment Station ever established in connection with an educational institution. The work of the Station is carried on under the Director, who since 1909 has been the Dean of the College of Engineering, and an ad- ministrative staff composed of the heads of the several depart- ments of the College. Much of the research work is conducted by investigators on full-time appointment, and by research fel- lows and assistants who give half-time to the investigations under way in the Station. Student Enrolment As has been indicated, up to the year 1904-05 the College of Engineering had attained considerable prominence, and as a result attendance had been stimulated to a degree which made the College one of the largest in the country in point of student enrolment, a position which it has since maintained. The attendance in the College of Engineering here and in tech- nical schools elsewhere reached a maximum in the year 1919-20, when the total enrolment of undergraduate engineering stu- dents at Illinois was 1,768. There are only two or possibly three institutions in the country which have a larger enrolment of engineering students than the University of Illinois. Faculty Perhaps the most important development in the College of Engineering during the past sixteen years has been in the num- ber of members of the regular staff of instruction. The College of Engineering was very badly undermanned sixteen years ago, as there were 20.9 students for each member of the staff of in- struction at that time, while at present there are 17 students for each member of the staff. Up to the appointment of Dr. W. F. M. Goss to the dean- ship of the College of Engineering in 1907, a large part of the "Dentistry College of Medicine y^Mrmaqf 'jSuildin^ Buildings in Chicago TTie Colleges and Schools 209 duties of the Dean of the College were clerical, including such work as the enrolment of students, the maintenance of student records, student discipline, etc. The new Dean at once made arrangements whereby one of the Professors in the College of Engineering should give a portion of his time as Assistant Dean to this work. Unquestionably, this arrangement has been of great value in the administration of student affairs, and the Dean has thereby been enabled to give his attention to the larger problems of administration. The Alumni of the College of Engineering From the establishment of the University up to and includ- ing the class of 1904, the College of Engineering had graduated 820 persons, and up to and including the class of 1919, it has graduated 3,326 persons. It is thus evident that about 75 per , cent of the graduates in engineering have completed their work during the past sixteen years. A recent investigation showed that 89.32 per cent of the alumni of the College are employed in some branch of technical work. One of the most important facts in connection with the grad- uates of the College of Engineering is that slightly over 50 per cent of the total number reside in the State of Illinois. It is self-evident that these technically trained men have had a dis- tinct influence upon the industrial development of the State. Buildings and Equipment Six important buildings for the use of the College of En- gineering were erected during the period from 1904 to 1920; namely, the Ceramics Laboratory, costing $130,998.79 ; the Loco- motive Laboratory and Reservoir, $34,270; the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, $85,671.90; the Mining and Ceramics Laboratory, $25,000 ; the Physics Laboratory, $220,000, and the Transportation Building, $86,000. In spite of the expenditure of $581,940.69 for these structures, many departments of the College are still crowded for room. During the same period the value of engineering equipment, exclusive of furniture and fixtures, rose from $94,391.02 to $425,383.44, a gain of over 350 per cent. 210 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Other Changes During the past sixteen years there have been many changes in methods of instruction, in the administration of student af- fairs, in the development of scientific work and in the extension of the influence of the College through the outside activities of its professors. Since 1909 the College of Engineering has held a convocation for its freshmen students each Wednesday morning at 10 o 'clock under the immediate supervision of the Assistant Dean of the College. At these convocations, lectures are given by members of the faculty and by visiting engineers. They also afford an opportunity for the Asisstant Dean to present to the freshmen such information as will be to their best interest. During the past few years there have been several changes in the method of registering students and in the maintenance of student records. One of these involves photographing each new student and attaching the picture to the student's record card to permit of his identification. There has been developed also a file of graduate record cards which record the impressions of the graduate's instruc- tors regarding his general ability, appearance, etc. The grad- uate's photograph is pasted on the card, so that information regarding the record of graduates of the College of Engineering can be furnished with little difficulty. One of the most significant of the recent experiments under- taken by the College of Engineering is the method of shop in- struction. Up to 1912, practically all shop instruction in Ameri- can colleges was by methods similar to those used in manual training. It became evident that in a technical school, shop work could hardly be justified unless it had a distinct engineer- ing value ; that is, unless it emphasized the engineering rather than the manual features of such work. Eight years ago an ex- periment in shop instruction was begun in the Illinois labora- tories with the idea of using these laboratories to teach the en- gineering and economic principles of machine construction and the science of shop management rather than to attempt to give the students a smattering of manual skill. This method of in- struction has proven highly successful. The Colleges and ScJiools 211 4. The College of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Station It is probable that no division of the University has exhibited a more striking growth during the last sixteen years than the College of Agriculture. In 1903-04 the total number of students registered in this College was 308. For 1919-20, the enrolment was 1,215, a gain of 907, or 294 per cent for the sixteen years. In 1904, only 16 graduates received the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agri- culture. This number grew to 235 in 1917, but dropped to 139 in 1918 and to 65 in 1919 on account of the war. In April, 1920, there were 150 members of the senior class in Agriculture in good standing. It will be noted that while the total registra- tion in the College multiplied nearly four times during the sixteen years, the senior class was fourteen times as large in 1916, and nearly ten times as large in 1920 as in 1904, an indica- tion that the increase in quality of the students was even more marked than in numbers. This is further evidenced by the fact that whereas in 1904 there had not been a graduate student in agriculture for ten years, during the year 1919-20 there were 56 (66)* graduate students doing work in agriculture. Sixteen years ago there were 37 members on the agricul- tural faculty, including both College and Station. In 1919-20 there were 119 members on full-time and 12 more devoting one- half or a larger part of their time to the work of instruction, a total of 131. The relative growth of the various departments is indicated in the following table: FACULTY OF COLLEGE OF AGRICULTUEE AND AGRICULTUEAL EXPERIMENT STATION, 1904 AND 1920 Department 1903-04 1919-20 Administration 2 2 Agronomy 12 38 Animal Husbandry 5 29 Botany 3 (Discontinued) Dairy Husbandry 6 11 Farm Organization and Management 4 Extension 1 5 Horticulture 5 37 *Figures in parenthesis are for the year 1916-17 212 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Home Economics 2 24 Smith-Lever Service 10 Veterinary Science 1 Total 37 131 The number of full professors in this College increased dur- ing the period from six to thirty-one, and the number of associate professors and assistant professors from three to twenty-one. In 1903-04 the College and Station were receiving a total of $189,000 annually from the Federal Government and the State of Illinois. For the year 1919-20 the total sum expended by the College and Station was $949,080. Rapid as the increase has been in the funds available for the College and Station, the income has not kept pace with the increasing demands as indicated by the number of students, the higher grade of work called for, and by the greatly increased demand for experimental investigation. Sixteen years ago nearly all the instructional work was elementary, as demanded by the large preponderance of lower classmen. Now with 150 (235) seniors and 43 (66) graduate students, conditions have notably changed, and the call is primarily for highly differ- entiated instruction. The development has been no less im- portant in regard to research. The problems calling for solu- tion in the state are difficult ones requiring the most careful research by judicious and well-trained men. Numerous and ex- pensive publications are necessary. The regular mailing list has reached a total of 43,000, while a supplementary list con- tains approximately 60,000 names. Up to the summer of 1920, 225 bulletins and 240 circulars had been issued by the Station. The value of agricultural equipment, exclusive of furniture and fixtures, has increased from $60,425.37 to $291,948.69. In 1904 the College possessed only a small number of animals. The number now owned fluctuates greatly from year to year, but is approximately 1,100, consisting of about 150 dairy cattle, 500 hogs, 70 horses, 204 sheep, and 175 beef cattle. Among the animals are many specimens that would distinguish any collec- tion. In addition there are about 2,500 chickens, turkeys and other kinds of poultry. TJie Colleges and Sclwols 213 During this period the University purchased 570 acres of farm land in the vicinity of Urbana and Champaign, and ac- quired by gift or purchase 30 experiment fields located in various sections of the state, containing a total area of over 700 acres. The indoor laboratory equipment has practically all been installed within the last sixteen years. It is entirely suitable for its purposes, so far as it is sufficient in quantity; and in respect to the work in soil fertility, soil physics, animal nutrition and plant breeding, it is unexcelled. Nearly all the buildings at present occupied by the College of Agriculture were erected during the last sixteen years. Of 28 buildings now in use, the original cost of which was approxi- mately $570,000, only the main Agricultural Building and five minor structures, the total cost of which did not exceed $200,000, were in existence in 1904. No major buildings, however, with the exception of the Stock Judging Pavilion and the Horticul- tural group, were erected during this period, and the College has for some time been so handicapped by the lack of sufficient room as to impair seriously its efficiency. A new agricultural plant to cost not less than $2,000,000 was the first item of a ten-million-dollar building program proposed to the Legislature in 1917.^ Of the $2,000,000 asked of the Legislature for the biennium 1917-19, it was planned to use $500,000 for the erection of the first unit of the Agricultural plant. The restriction im- posed by the Legislature in 1917 on all building activities by state institutions led to the refusal of funds for the inaugura- tion of the projected building program. The College of Agri- culture has already felt the effects of the over-crowded condi- tions under which its work is conducted, having found it neces- sary to discontinue offering many advanced courses in highly important subjects and is likely to be forced to the necessity of turning away prospective students unless adequate space is provided in the immediate future. During the past sixteen years new lines of work have been developed in the fields of floriculture, landscape gardening, ani- mal nutrition, plant breeding and genetics. As has already 'Cf. Senate Bill 366, 50tli G. A. 214 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois been indicated,^ the College has co-operated actively since 1914 with the Federal Government in the extension work provided for by the Smith-Lever Act of that year. There has recently been established also a system of extension schools in various parts of the state. A complete system of student advisers for the upperclassmen has been established, as also a special com- mittee to deal with the freshman class, shaping it into genuine university material. In order to assist in the social improve- ment of country life conditions, a community adviser has de- voted his time since 1914 to the study of the problems of country life, and to the development of methods for dealing with them. Two representatives are regularly sent to each of the hun- dred county institutes held annually, and technical information arising out of the investigative work carried on at the Station and College is thus brought directly to the farmers of the State. There is no doubt that the latter have within the past sixteen years developed a new attitude toward agriculture, a new knowl- edge of its requirements and a new consciousness of their op- portunities and their responsibilities. Of the many problems upon which untiring study has been devoted during the recent period, probably none is of greater importance to the people of Illinois than the determination of the methods by which the various soils of the state might be treated in order that they might not only produce the largest possible crops, but also maintain their fertility from year to year and even become more productive. This has involved the inauguration of a complete soil survey of the state, including the chemical analysis of all the soils. As a result of this investi- gation, knowledge has been acquired that will enable the farm- ers of Illinois to arrest the gradual decline in the fertility of the soil, which was becoming more and more evident, and to restore those elements which insure the highest productivity. 5. The College of Commerce and Business Administration^ The movement for higher commercial education in the United States began about 1899, a year after the establishment of the *Cf. Chapter I 'Summary of a special report by N. A. Weston, Acting Dean The Colleges and Schools 215 Commercial University (Handelshochsehule) of Leipsig, Ger- many, which was the first institution of its kind in the world. To place the University of Illinois in line with this movement the Illinois Legislature was asked to make an appropriation in 1901. This was done, and in 1902 the Courses in Business Ad- ministration, then known as ' ' The Courses of Training for Busi- ness," but always popularly spoken of as the "School of Com- merce" were established with Professor David Kinley, at that time Dean of the College of Literature and Arts and head of the Department of Economics, as Director. The new work was included in the Department of Economics: two new pro- fessorships were created in the Department, one in commerce and the other in industry and transportation ; and new courses in commercial subjects, corporation finance, insurance and transportation were added to the work already being given. The success of the new undertaking was almost immediately assured. The new courses became popular at once and the reg- istration rapidly increased. A noteworthy incident of the establishment of the business curriculum, aside from the large number of students electing the four-year business courses, was the increased enrolment of general Liberal Arts and Science students, as well as engineering and agricultural students, in both the theoretical and practical subjects of economic study. The early success achieved by the courses led in 1907 to an increase in the appropriation by the Legislature which made possible a considerable expansion of the work, especially in accounting, industry and railway administration, and the addi- tion of new professorships. The progress of the work after 1907 was more marked. The enlarged staff of instructors and the increase in number of courses and students early brought into prominence the urgent need of special accommodations and equipment for the work in commerce. The business interests of Illinois soon real- ized that to secure full service from the courses a special build- ing was required. With their assistance, the Legislature was convinced of the necessity, and though the full amount re- quested was not granted, an appropriation of $125,000 was made in 1911 for the erection of the Commerce Building. The 216 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois building was completed and occupied in the spring of 1913 and its anticipated advantages have been fully realized. The students in business administration have been made to feel an individuality previously unknown, the professional char- acter of their training has become more distinct and the in- structors have been brought into more intimate touch with one another and with students. With the new facilities and equipment the work in accounting, statistics, banking, rail- way administration, commerce and other subjects has been developed to a degree of practical efficiency unattainable in the past. It ought to be a matter of pride to the citizens of Illinois, as well as to the University administration, that, in developing its facilities to train men for useful careers in public and private business administration, the State has placed itself in the vanguard of educational progress. The most important step taken in the development of busi- ness education at the University of Illinois was the decision to erect the courses in Business Administration into a distinct and separate College. The University Senate at its meeting in June, 1914, voted to recommend the separation of the Busi- ness Courses from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences in which they had hitherto been virtually an autonomous ad- ministrative department. This recommendation was adopted by the Board of Trustees and a resolution passed authorizing the establishment of an independent College of Commerce and Business Administration co-ordinate with the other principal colleges of the University. The College was formally organ- ized in 1915. This change led to important modifications in the business curriculum and allowed the introduction of a larger number of technical and semi-technical courses essential for efficient business training. In 1903-04 the business courses were conducted under the general direction of the Department of Economics. Upon the organization of the College of Commerce and Business Admin- istration in 1915 the work was placed under three separate departments, namely, economics, including finance and sta- tistics ; business organization and operation, including account- ing and business law; and transportation. Tlie Colleges and Schools 217 For the year 1903-04 the enrolment in the business courses was 41. The number rose steadily from semester to semester with remarkable uniformity, until in 1919-20 a total of 1,588 students were enrolled in the new college. For the six years previous to 1919-20 the annual increase ranged from 25 to 38 per cent. Eighteen years' experience with the courses in Commerce and Business Administration seems to warrant fully the belief that university commercial education, though regarded in many quarters a dozen or sixteen years ago as a doubtful innovation if not an educational fad, is a social and economic service of the highest importance and promise. 6. The College of Law^^ In 1904-05, the College of Law had hardly more than a rudimentary law library — a few text books and copies of the reports of courts of last resort in about one-fourth of the states. The number of books was considerably below the minimum of 5,000 which is now required for membership in the Asso- ciation of American Law Schools. It has today an excellent working library of over 22,000 books. It contains not only full sets of the courts of last resort of all the states of the Union, but also sets of the English, Irish and Canadian re- ports, and over 2,000 text-books upon almost every subject known to law. The faculty in 1904-05 consisted of six members including the Dean. There are now seven. They are, on the average, men of much stronger native ability, better legal training and of much greater experience in teaching. Courses have been added in Bankruptcy, Conflict of Laws, Conveyancing, Future Interests in Property, Insurance, Quasi-Contracts and Public Service Companies, and additional work is given in Constitutional Law. The requirements for admission have been raised from a certificate from an accredited high school to the completion of two years' college work. Students who enroll in the four- ^"Summary of a special report by Judge O. A. Harker, Dean of the College of Law from 1903 to 1916 218 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois year law course organized in 1917 will be admitted upon the completion of 30 hours' college credit. The standard of scholarship in the College has been dis- tinctly raised. The students work more earnestly and grad- uate better equipped than formerly. The change is due in part to raising the entrance requirements, but chiefly to changes in administration and in the conduct of instruction. The success of graduates of this College in the examina- tions given by the State Board of Bar Examiners for admis- sion to the bar has been remarkable. It is probable that no law school in the country has a better record. Nor are the graduates of the College less successful in practise. Within the last sixteen years, twenty-eight have been elected to the oiflce of State's Attorney; seven have served as Assistants to the Attorney General of the State; three have been elected to the office of circuit judge, and one to the office of Supreme Judge of the State of North Dakota, while another has been appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of China. Improvements that have been made in the Law Building include a five-story fire-proof book stack, with a capacity of 22,000 volumes; remodeling and refurnishing class rooms; adding a reading room, a law club room, and a consultation room; lockers and a coat room for students; a reading room and two new offices for the faculty ; a remodeling of the base- ment and entrances, and new electric lighting. Recent Developments ^^ In 1916 Prof. H. W. Ballantine of the University of Wis- consin was appointed Dean of the College of Law of the Uni- versity of Illinois. The new Dean has to his credit a long list of articles in legal periodicals, and two books, "Problems in the Law of Contracts," and a revised and modernized edi- tion of Blackstone's Commentaries. He is recognized also as an expert in the field of Martial Law. Perhaps the most notable recent achievement of the Col- lege of Law was the establishment in 1917 of the Illinois Law "Extracts from a special article by Prof. J. N. Pomeroy of the Col- lege of Law The Colleges and ScJiools 219 Bulletin, a new publication which will appear three times a year. The primary function of the Bulletin is the discussion of Illinois law. Professor William G. Hale is the editor. The criticism frequently made, that students in law col- leges get no training in actual practise, is met at the Uni- versity of Illinois by rigorous practical work in moot court. For 1916-17 this work involved not only the argument of questions of law, but the actual trial of many cases on issues of fact, and the conduct of all the steps in legal procedure. Other practical work introduced during the year 1916-17 in- cluded new courses in brief -making for first year students, and in the examination of titles and drafting of documents for third year students. The decision of the Trustees in 1917 to remove the tuition fee previously charged students in the College of Law was a step which should prove distinctly favorable to the growth of this college. The College of Law of the University of Illinois is subject to unusually severe competition. It is not strange therefore that under the present pre-legal requirements its numbers have shrunk below what they were when the College required for admission no more than the completion of a high school course. This shrinkage in attendance is however more than compen- sated for by the increased efficiency and higher quality of the work. Under competent and enthusiastic leadership and with an adequate backing, there is no reason why the official law college of the state should not come to be recognized as equal to the best law schools in the country. 7. The Library School 1904-2012 Beginning with 1911 the entrance requirements to the Li- brary School, which had been three years of college work, were raised to four years of college work. In spite of the successive advance in the entrance requirements from two years of col- lege work, then to three years and finally in 1911 to four years, the attendance of the School has not materially decreased, and -A special report by P. L. Windsor, Director 220 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois is at the present time limited by the capacity of the School quarters to about 45 students. There is only one other Library School with entrance requirements as high as those of this school. Besides general improvement in the instruction, due in part to greatly improved equipment and library resources, the prin- cipal changes in the curriculum have been: 1. The development of the course in Public Documents to include municipal and foreign documents as well as federal. This is now a 2-hour course extending over two semesters. 2. Since 1905 Edna Lyman Scott has come to the School each year to give instruction in the selection of books for chil- dren and in the administration of children's libraries. In the beginning her work extended over three weeks, but in recent years Mrs. Scott has given five weeks' work to both juniors and seniors in the second semester. 3. Since 1907 senior students have been required to work a month in a public or other well organized library, under usual staff conditions as far as possible. This field work has been of marked value to the students and the plan has been fol- lowed by other library schools. 4. Beginning in 1914, the faculty allowed senior library school students desiring to fit themselves for work in a special library, such as an agricultural or chemistry library, to sub- stitute those advanced courses in other colleges or schools of the University which would more definitely contribute to their preparation. In 1905-06 there were students registered from 6 states; in 1917-18 there were students from 16 states and 3 foreign countries. These figures are indicative of the enlarged ter- ritory from which the School now draws its registrants. Dur- ing recent years between twenty and twenty-five colleges and universities, well scattered thruout the country, have been rep- resented by their alumni who enrolled in the Library School of this institution. Alumni and former students of the School are now em- ployed in library work in 29 states, the District of Colum- bia and 2 foreign countries ; 121 in university or college libraries ; 93 in public libraries; 13 in large reference libraries; 34 in TJie Colleges and Schools 221 normal school or high school libraries; 20 in U. S. or state libraries ; 13 in business or corporation libraries, and 7 in state library commission offices. Since 1911 the Library School has conducted each summer, courses in library methods, intended primarily for librarians and library assistants in Illinois libraries, who are not pre- pared or cannot afford to spend a year in a regular library school. The great majority of students attending these courses are from Illinois libraries, and the help thus given by the University has been more and more appreciated by librarians and library trustees of the state. A total of 229 students, 165 from Illinois libraries, have been enrolled since 1911. 8. The School of Music Instruction in music was provided almost from the time the University was established.^^ Yoy many years, however, the instructors received no salary from the University, their only compensation being the fees collected from their pupils. ^^ A suggestion made to the Board of Trustees by Prof. T. J. Burrill in 1892, while Acting Regent of the University, that music be included in the regular system of instruction, ^^ re- sulted in an appropriation of $300 by the Board for the formal establishment of such a department. The suggestion was how- ever repeated by President Draper in his first annual report in 1895, and upon being invited by the Trustees to prepare plans for the inauguration of a department of music, he re- ported that the department could be established on a very satisfactory basis at an expense that would not exceed $1,600 per annum.i" The department was accordingly established. In 1897, Captain Thomas J. Smith of Champaign, then a member of the Board of Trustees, began to urge upon his col- leagues the desirability of reorganizing the Department of Music; of putting it upon the basis of a distinct college of the University ; of employing a dean with sufficient assistants ; ^=Cf. Catalogs, 1873, p. 48; 1876, p. 59; 1877, p. 64; etc. "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1878, p. 10; ibid, 1880, p. 252 ^Ibid, 1892, p. 205 "Ibid, p. 96 222 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois of charging no greater tuition to students in music than in other departments of the University ; and of granting degrees to graduates of that college. ^'^ His efforts bore fruit in 1897 when it was voted by the Board that the department of music should be made the School of Music, to be conducted on the same basis as the Schools of Law, Medicine, etc. ; and in 1900 when it was voted that after September 1st of that year all matriculated students who were residents of Illinois should be entitled to instruction in all departments of the School of Music at no higher rates than the students in other divisions of the University were charged. ^^ The enrolment in the School of Music was 101 in 1903-04, but this number fell to 80 in 1904-05, and did not again exceed 100 until 1916-17 when 108 students were enrolled. The mini- mum reached during the sixteen years was 61 in 1909-10, at which time more rigid requirements were adopted, resulting in the elimination of certain classes of students. From 1904 to 1920 Up to the year 1905 only one student had graduated from the School of Music. There was one graduate in that year, and this number was not exceeded in any year until 1910, when four persons received the degree of Bachelor of Music. The maximum was reached in 1915 with 10 graduates. In 1919 there were 7. Fifty-one courses in music were offered in 1903-04, Of these a large number were elementary. By 1919-20 the number had increased to 160 and three years of preparatory study in Piano, Voice or Violin were required for admission to the School. During this period there were various changes in the ad- ministration of the school which resulted in the establishment of a strengthened curriculum, in better methods for conduct- ing the work and in better relations with the student body. Entrance and semester examinations are now carried on more strictly, and a higher quality of work is becoming evident as a consequence. ^'E«pt., Univ. of 111., 1898, p. 107, 113; 1900, p. 212 "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1898, pp. 124-5; ibid, 1900, p. 255 Tlie Colleges and ScJiools 223 An action resulting in especial benefit to the School of Music was taken in 1913 by the Board of Trustees, when pro- vision was made for a series of eight orchestral concerts to be given at the University annually by four of the leading orchestras of the country, i*^ In 1913 also, an appropriation was made by the Trustees for the purchase and installation of an organ in the Audi- torium. The organ was formally dedicated on December 3, 1914, with a concert by Professor Charles Heinroth of the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburg. 20 The event of greatest significance to the School of Music during this period was the gift of approximately 768 acres of valuable farm land, in 1914, by Captain Thos. J. Smith of Champaign— whose interest in the School of Music as a Trus- tee has already been indicated— to provide funds for the erec- tion of a Music Hall as a memorial to his wife, Tina Weedon Smith. The gift was formally accepted by the Trustees, and the building, the cost of which is estimated at $450,000, was com- pleted in 1920.21 The School op Music in 192022 The position of the School of Music in the University of Illinois is probably unique among similar institutions in this country. Its organization along strictly academic lines, as a part of the University, and without any outside relationships whatsoever, is different from that of any other of the schools which offer courses in practical music. The greatest accomplishment of the School of Music within the past five years has been in perfecting the organization, standardizing the work and, incidentally, raising standards so far as possible. In other words, the development has been intensive rather than extensive— the limitations of quarters and equipment making it impossible to increase the enrolment to any extent. Existing organizations have been built up and "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1914, pp. 264, 591 ^Itept., Univ. of 111., 1914, p. 655; ibid, 1916, p. 166 ="See also Chapter II and III ^A special statement by J. Lawrence Erb, Director of the School of Music since 1914 224 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois their activities increased. Two new organizations, the Uni- versity Women's Glee Club and University Choristers, have come into existence, and various new courses have been organ- ized to make the work more efficient. The entire thought of the Faculty in this connection has been to afford the utmost opportunity to all students of the University to acquire the most complete musical knowledge and experience possible, and to train young men and women who might become leaders of musical enterprises in their com- munities. On this account the degree of Bachelor of Music has been based upon a general culture with music as the nucleus rather than upon a specific professional course which should turn out concert artists. The aim has been to make teachers and leaders rather than concert performers, although there is no doubt that the standards of performance demanded of the graduates of the School are higher than they were three years ago. So far as the future is concerned, the past has pointed the way to what must now be attempted. To do more rather than less for the State of Illinois, is the present aim. Thruout the State there is an urgent demand for young men and women in the public schools who may work out the musical salvation of their communities. Accordingly, everything possible is being done to strengthen the Public School Music course and to direct the attention of the more serious students to the possibilities and demands of community music. As the facil- ities increase and the faculty becomes larger, it is hoped that there may be added some theoretical work which at present must be omitted, some of an advanced nature, and also some of an elementary kind to supply the deficiencies of those high school students who have come from the more backward communities. Eventually it may be possible to include grad- uate work, especially in the history of music and composi- tion, and to this end the library of the School is being built up. The strategic situation of the University of Illinois and the rapidly increasing importance of the Twin Cities as a music center will soon bring to the School a large number of the more desirable music students who will make its musical The Colleges and Schools 225 life more vigorous and more varied. To sacrifice the indi- vidual character of the School would be a most serious mis- take. Rather must it be developed along the lines of state service and inspirational leadership. Possibly at some time it may be wise to incorporate in the School of Music a depart- ment of community music with a vigorous and experienced leader. Such a department could be of use on the campus as well as elsewhere. 9. The College of Education Courses in Education and Psychology have been offered at the University of Illinois, under various names, for nearly every year since the University was organized. The second catalog of the University announced a course in "Mental Phil- osophy, three lectures a week," and a course in "Science of Edu- cation, or Mental Philosophy applied to education, two lec- tures a week. "23 ''The Philosophy of Education" was one of the topics listed in 1870-71 as comprising the work in "Philosophy and Logic" for that year.^^ With slight modi- fications the same announcements for the department of Mental and Moral Philosophy were repeated up to and including the year 1889-90. In 1890 a professor of Psychology was appointed, Avho served for one semester. An assistant professor of ' ' Psychol- ogy and Pedagogics ' ' was appointed in 1892, and for the follow- ing year rather extensive offerings in these subjects were announced. A full professorship in "Pedagogics" was estab- lished in 1893. Three years later a new appointee to an assis- tant professorship in "Pedagogy" was given also the title of High School Visitor and assigned the duties of that position. The word "Education" displaced "Pedagogy" in the an- nouncement of courses and in the title of appointees in 1900-01. From 1904 to 19182=5 By 1905 the work in Education had become so important that early in that year the Board of Trustees sanctioned the "'Catalog 1868-9, p. 13 ^Ibid., 1870-71, pp. 58-9 ^The data contained in the following paragraphs is chiefly summar- ized from a special statement prepared by W. C. Bagley, Director of the School from 1909 to 1917 226 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois organization of a School of Education, witli special reference to the preparation of teachers for secondary schools. A Sen- ate committee appointed by the President of the University to study the question reported that in the judgment of the committee it was inadvisable to establish a school of educa- tion separate in administration from the existing colleges. It was recommended however that all members of the instruc- tional staff of the University offering courses primarily in- tended for the preparation of high school teachers should be organized as a group, to be known as the Faculty of the School of Education, and that such persons should constitute committees from their respective colleges to represent those colleges in the faculty of the school. ^^^ The general suggestions contained in this report were adopted as a basis for the organization of the School of Edu- cation, and the School was formally announced in the Uni- versity catalog of 1905-06. During the fifteen years since the School was established a number of educators of national prominence have served in the School as members of the administrative or instructional staff. The first director, Prof. Edwin Grant Dexter, resigned in 1907 to accept the commissionership of education to Porto Rico. Dr. Edward 0. Sisson, after serving as assistant pro- fessor in the School of Education for the year 1905-6 resigned to become head of the Department of Education in the Uni- versity of Washington, later becoming Commissioner of Edu- cation of the State of Idaho. In 1908 Dr. William Chandler Bagley was appointed professor of education, and a year later was made director of the School. During his administration the School of Education of the University of Illinois assumed a place among the foremost schools of its class in the country. Dr. Bagley resigned in 1917 to join the Department of Edu- cation of Columbia University. Dr, Lewis Flint Anderson came to the School in 1909 as assistant professor of education. He resigned in 1914 to accept a professorship of education in the Ohio State University. While at the University of Illinois Pro- fessor Anderson had charge of the work in the history of =«Eept., Univ. of 111., 1906, pp. 40, 43, 62, 75 The Colleges and Schools 227 education. The Aron library, comprising 5,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, and especially rich in materials concerning the development of education in Europe during the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, was purchased upon his recommendation. He also began the development of a text- book library and an educational museum. Dr. Lotus Delta Coffman served as lecturer in the School for the year 1911-12, and as professor of education from 1912 to 1915. In the latter year he resigned to become Dean of the College of Education of the University of Minnesota. In 1913 Dr. Charles Hughes Johnston, Dean of The School of Education of the University of Kansas, accepted a position as professor of secondary education at the University of Illi- nois. At the end of three years of distinguished service in this capacity. Professor Johnston met his death in an automobile accident in September, 1917. Upon the resignation of Professor Coffman in 1915, Pro- fessor Joseph Clifton Brown was appointed principal of the training school, and placed in charge of the work in admin- istration and supervision until the training school should be opened. He resigned his position at the University of Illinois, however, after one year of service, in order to become Presi- dent of the iState Normal School at St. Cloud, Minnesota. In 1914 Dr. Guy Montrose Whipple was made associate pro- fessor of education and a year later was promoted to a profes- sorship. His especial field at the University of Illinois has been that of educational psychology, including the closely related fields of mental tests, school hygiene and auxiliary education. In 1914-15 he established the laboratory of educational psychol- ogy. Dr. Whipple was granted leave of absence in June 1917, for the first semester of 1917-18 to enable him to carry on cer- tain investigations at Pittsburgh in connection with the develop- ment of psychological tests. Dr. David Spence Hill, formerly director of the Newcomb School of Education and of the de- partment of educational research in the public school system of New Orleans, was appointed at this time as acting professor of education for the first semester of 1917-18. 228 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois In March 1917 the Board of Trustees authorized the ap- pointment of Dr. Werrett Wallace Charters, then professor of the theory of teaching and dean of the faculty of educa- tion of the University of Missouri, to be professor of educa- tion at the University of Illinois from the beginning of the academic year 1917-18. On June 1, 1918, the Board of Trustees voted to erect the School of Education into a separate College of Education. Dr. Charters was appointed Dean, but he resigned this position to accept a research appointment at Carnegie Institute of Tech- nology. On June 21, 1919, Dr. Charles Ernest Chadsey, then Super- intendent of Schools in the City of Chicago, was appointed Dean of the College of Education. He entered on his duties as Dean in September, 1919, but resigned on November 17, to resume his duties as Superintendent of Schools, on the receipt of notice that a suit to compel the city authorities to permit him to exercise the duties of the office had been decided in his favor. On November 26, he returned to the University and withdrew his resignation. The chief emphasis during the fourteen years since the organ- ization of the School of Education has been upon the advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. These have been in- creased and strengthened, and have attracted an increasing number of graduate students. There were only three graduate students majoring in education in 1903-04, none in 1907-08 and only two in 1908-09. But this number was increased to 11 in 1909-10, and the numbers since that date have been succes- sively 15, 18, 24, 35, 35, 27, 25, 22, 19, and 20. In the summer sessions of 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1919, there were 47, 43, 35, and 35 graduate students enrolled, respectively, who were majoring in Education. The first doctor's degrees in Education were con- ferred in 1915, on two candidates. The following table indicates the growth of class regis- trations in the School (and College) of Education since its organ- ization : The Colleges and ScJiools 229 CLASS EEGISTEATIONS IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION First Second Summer Year Semester Semester Session Total 1905-06 103 128 231 1906-07 95 109 204 1907-08 80 79 159 1908-09 74 128 202 1909-10 127 167 294 1910-11 163 174 201 538 1911-12 149 180 190 519 1912-13 154 245 238 637 1913-14 291 336 348 975 1914-15 280 326 365 971 1915-16 412 444 457 1313 1916-17 460 479 345 1284 1917-18 393 395 295 1083 1918-19* 254—248 — 222 3761 4485 1919-20 693 656 1349 Just prior to the legislative session of 1911, the School in- augurated a campaign for a building that would house a training school of secondary grade. The campaign was un- successful at this time, but the movement so clearly had the support of practically the entire body of public school teachers and administrators of the state, that, upon the appropriation by the Legislature in 1913 of the proceeds of the mill tax to the University, the Board of Trustees proceeded to acquire a site and to consider plans for such a structure. The erection of the building was repeatedly delayed, but actual construc- tion was finally begun in 1916 and completed in 1919. Unfor- tunately the lack of funds has prevented the opening of the model school.2'' Since 1907 the School of Education has published a series of 19 bulletins comprising (1) reports of the annual high school conference and other meetings held at the University in the interest of education and (2) the results of special investigations and studies by members of the instructional staff and by students. *Year divided into 3 quarters ^^ee also Chapters II and ITT 230 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois Another important development in the School of Education has been the assumption and prosecution of the work of the University Committee on Appointment of Teachers. This Com- mittee "recommends qualified graduates of the University for positions as teachers or supervisors in public schools, colleges and technical schools in response to requests from the school authorities.^^ Since 1914, the completion of certain specified courses in education, amounting to a total of seven hours, has been re- quired of all students who desire to obtain upon their gradua- tion the recommendation of the Committee on Appointments. This is a smaller number of hours of professional work than is required at most state universities, but it has been the policy of this College not to stress heavily the strictly professional work, but rather to insist that the prospective teacher should have first of all a solid basis in academic scholarship. Bureau of Educational Research By authority of the Board of Trustees the Bureau of Edu- cational Research was organized in 1918, and Dr. Burdette R. Buckingham was appointed Director and Professor of Educa- tion.29 The purpose of this Bureau is "investigating the prob- lems of teaching and school administration, collecting informa- tion concerning the best educational practises of this and other countries, and placing the results obtained before the schools of this state." 10. The College of Medicine Perhaps no department of the University of Illinois has had so varied an experience during the past twelve years as the College of Medicine.3*^ The University of Illinois did not organize a medical school at the beginning of its work in 1868. This was a great mis- ^Univ. of 111. Annual Eegister, 1917-18, p. 190 ^'^Minutes, Board of Trustees, 1916-18, p. 759 '"The following paragraphs are taken for the most part from a Memor- andum and a History of the College of Medicine prepared by the President of the University in 1912 The Colleges and ScJiools 231 take from the standpoint of the interests of the commonwealth. There is no doubt that the average level of medical education in the state of Illinois would be much higher than it is today and the public health would be much more adequately con- served, if the College of Medicine had been established and properly supported at the time of the opening of the Uni- versity. During Governor Altgeld's administration, and largely upon his initiative, an attempt was made to incorporate medi- cal teaching in the general university scheme by annexing to the University an existing medical school. Following the earnest suggestion of Governor Altgeld, who had insisted that the people of Illinois desired that the Uni- versity of Illinois should become a university in the fullest and completest sense of that tenn, the Trustees of the Uni- versity, after long and careful deliberation, made, with the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago, a contract of affiliation April 1, 1897, to go into effect April 24th of the same year. Under this contract the College of Physicians and Surgeons turned over to the University the use of its plant in return for a specified rental. The University in co-operation with the faculty of the medical school which had been conducted by the College of Physicians and Surgeons took over the re- sponsibility of managing the school, making it, for practical purposes, the medical department of the University of Illinois. The trustees, however, did not assume any financial obli- gations for the conduct of this experiment beyond using the income from the fees of students and the gifts of private in- dividuals for the support of the medical school. They simply agreed to manage it and make as good a school as they could with the proceeds arising from the sources mentioned. The result was so satisfactory to both parties that a new contract of affiliation was made, to go into effect May 1, 1900. (It was modified in 1901.) Under this contract the College of Physicians and Surgeons as a corporation, with the con- sent of the Board of Trustees of the University, undertook to enlarge the plant, which had been used for the medical 232 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois school and which at that time consisted of the so-called Old College Building at the corner of Honore and West Harrison Streets, by purchasing the West Side High School building from the city of Chicago at a cost of $186,000, and by remod- eling it for medical purposes at a cost of $60,000. The attendance at the medical school had risen so rapidly during the first contract of affiliation that the parties to the contract thought it would be a perfectly feasible thing to pay the interest on money borrowed for the enlargement of the plant, conduct a satisfactory medical school and accumulate through an annual surplus a sinking fund sufficient to pay off the debts which had been contracted for the original plant and its enlargement — thus presenting the property to the State free of encumbrance. Nothing can show in a more striking way the world-wide difference between the manner in which the American public viewed the subject of medical education sixteen years ago and that in which the public looks upon it today, than the conclusion of such a contract, made at that time with common consent and public approval. Scarcely had the contract been signed, when the attendance at medical schools, which had been running up very rapidly thruout the country, began to decline quite as rapidly, through circumstances over which the schools, as such, had no control. Two other things combined to make the plan which had been agreed upon by the University and the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons entirely untenable. The public in its own interest began to demand more rigorous requirements for ad- mission to medical schools on the one hand ; and on the other, a better grade of teaching and more adequate equipment in the schools themselves. Both of these worked against the possi- bility of continuing the contract of affiliation; for the require- ment of higher standards of admission diminished the number of students and therefore the income, while the demand for better teaching increased the expense. It became increasingly plain that without appropriations from the state legislature the University could not hope to conduct a medical school worthy of the name, and certainly it ought not to be connected with any other kind of school. Tlie Colleges and Schools 233 A request was therefore made of the legislature at the session of the 45th General Assembly, in 1905, for an appro- priation to enable the University of Illinois to purchase the plant which it had leased from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, or to construct or acquire some other plant. The legislature appropriated by a large majority (thirty against six in the Senate; eighty-nine against forty in the House), the sum of $386,000 for the purpose of acquiring by purchase or by construction, a medical plant. The Governor vetoed this appropriation bill, along with several others, on the ground that the legislature had exceeded the amount of money available for appropriations. Another attempt was made to carry on the medical de- partment on the basis previously accepted. But it was again made evident that this could not be done. In 1911, therefore, the University once more asked the legis- lature for an appropriation: this time an appropriation of $100,000 per annum for the maintenance, extension and de- velopment of the medical school. The legislature by a large majority (unanimous in the House and thirty to two in the Senate) granted sixty thou- sand dollars per annum, and the Governor signed the bill. However, certain persons who were opposed to the idea of state support in medical education, brought suit to set aside the appropriation on the ground that the provision of the con- stitution in regard to the passage of bills had not been strictly observed. The court sustained the contention and the Uni- versity lost the money. It became evident to the College of Physicians and Sur- geons that the University would probably find it difficult to carry out the financial obligations involved in the payment of the lease, and it therefore gave notice to the Trustees of the University of Illinois that it would no longer lease its medi- cal plant to the University of Illinois. Being thus deprived of the plant which it had been using for fifteen years and having no money with which to hire or construct another, the University was compelled to close its medical school; which it did on the 30th day of June, 1912. 234 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois The College of Physicians and Surgeons immediately- opened a medical school in the same plant on the day after the University closed its medical school, and admitted the students of the University medical school to the new school. This closing of the medical department of the University caused great consternation among the alumni of the medical department and in general among the friends of advanced medical education thruout the state. These latter immediately bestirred themselves in the matter, and finally, on August 23, 1912, asked the Trustees of the University whether they would accept the property of the College of Physicians and Surgeons if the alumni and other friends of medical education would secure the stock of the corporation and present the property to the trustees. After mature deliberation, upon September 19, 1912, the trustees voted that they would accept the property if the stock should be delivered in a block on or before the first day of February, 1913. On January 31, 1913, the chairman of the committee which had been entrusted with this work, presented to the president of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois, the entire stock of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. It had been acquired by the committee, partly through donations from the persons owning the stock, and partly through purchase with funds raised by private subscription among the friends of medical education. Thus the conditions specified by the board were met and, therefore, at the meeting on February 12, 1913, the Trustees voted to accept the property of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, subject to the mortgage indebtedness resting upon the property amounting to $245,000 with an interest charge of $14,320, disclaiming at the same time all responsibility for the payment of such indebtedness. The Trustees at the same time directed the President of the University to reopen the medical school in the plant thus acquired, which was done Thursday, March 6, 1913. At this time the deeds and bill of sale to the property, real and per- sonal, and the stock, together with the charter belonging to TJie Colleges and Schools 235 the corporation, were turned over to the Trustees of the Uni- versity of Illinois and accepted by the President of the Board on their behalf. The University of Illinois admitted to the medical school, thus reopened, the students of that school which the College of Physicians and Surgeons had established in the plant the day after the University had closed its school. Since then the University has conducted the school as an integral part of its organization, under the name of the College of Medi- cine of the University of Illinois. In 1913 the faculty was reorganized and a considerable number of the most noted men in the profession were added to the instructional and the investigative staff. In 1913 the requirements for admission to the College of Medicine were advanced to include a year of college work in addition to the completion of a four-year high school course. For the year 1914-15 a second year of college work was added as a prerequisite for entrance. At the end of the first two years of the four-year curriculum in Medicine the degree of Bachelor of Science is conferred; and at the completion of the curriculum, the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The first year's work in Medicine may now be taken at Urbana. The urgent need of the College of Medicine for a clinical building is about to be met by virtue of an agreement between the University and the State Department of Public Welfare, approved July 12, 1919, whereby the Department agreed to purchase land and to erect a group of hospitals in Chicago, and the University agreed to supply the staff officers, research work- ers, and clinical faculty for the hospitals and to turn over to the department the sum of $300,000 specially appropriated by the General Assembly in 1919 for a clinical building.* The hospitals and units to be constructed include : The Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, to provide medical and surgical treatment for all indigent residents of Illinois who are afflicted with diseases of the eye, ear, nose, or throat. ^Minutes, Board of Trustees, 1918-20, pp. 487-409 236 Sixteen Tears at tlie University of Illinois The State Psychiatric Institute, for the study of the nature and treatment of mental disorders. The Illinois Surgical Institute for Children, to furnish to indigent children, residents of Illinois, who are physically de- formed, treatment, training, and education. The State Institute for Juvenile Kesearch, to provide for the study of the nature and treatment of behavior difficulties in minors. The University Clinical Institute, for the study of the causa- tion, prevention, alleviation, and cure of disease. The University, through its College of Medicine is to have the use of the clinical facilities of said hospitals for teaching purposes and research work. The University is to appoint and control the professional staff of the hospitals, physicians, surgeons, internes, laboratory technicians, librarians, and assistants for the treatment of pa- tients and for teaching and research purposes. It shall control the work of the nurses, ward attendants, and all others in so far as this work is strictly medical. The University is to provide courses of instruction in medical and allied subjects for workers in the Department, such as train- ing schools for nurses, occupational therapists, social workers, dietitians, and others as may from time to time be agreed upon between the contracting parties. The University is to consult with and advise the Department and the Department is to consult with the University as to the needs of the University for teaching and research facilities in the buildings erected or to be erected. The state and the nation are largely indebted to Director Charles H. Thorne, of the Department of Public Welfare for the development of this plan, which will constitute one of the greatest endowments for medical education and research ever provided. 11. The College of Dentistry A School of Dentistry was organized by the University in 1901 as a department of the College of Medicine.^i In 190& ^^Eept., Univ. of 111., 1902, p. 54 The Colleges and Schools 237 the name of the School was formally changed to the College of Dentistry .3 2 During the year 1912-13 the College of Dentistry was closed, by reason of the failure of the Legislature to appropriate funds for its maintenance. Up to that year the College had been supported by the income derived from fees, but these were found to be no longer adequate to make it possible to conduct a college of high grade. A year later the College was reopened, its support being provided for upon the same basis as are the other departments of the University. The College of Dentistry occupies a six-story building on the corner of Harrison and Honore Streets in Chicago. In 1904 the completion of one year of high school work was required for admission to the College of Dentistry. Dur- ing the next sixteen years the requirements for entrance ad- vanced to include the completion of fifteen units of prepara- tory work in an accredited high school or academy or a state normal school. During the same period the course of study was revised and improved, additions were made to the equipment of the laboratories and the operating rooms, and the faculty strength- ened in numbers and in personnel. In spite of the general decrease in the number of students enrolled in medical and dental colleges within the past few years, the enrolment of the College of Dentistry of the Uni- versity of Illinois increased from 163 in 1906 to 196 in 1920, a gain of 33, or about 20 per cent. 12. The School of Pharmacy The School of Pharmacy was established in 1896. In that year the Chicago College of Pharmacy which had been founded in 1859 offered to turn over to the University all its property on the condition that the University would accept the gift and maintain the School as a branch of the University. The offer was accepted and the transfer accomplished May 2, 1896.^^ In 1904 the School was removed to the corner of Michigan Boulevard and Twelfth Street where it occupied the four upper '^Ibid., 1906, p. 61 ''Eept., Univ. of 111., 1896, pp. 238, 240 238 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois floors of a building having a frontage of 50 feet on the boule- vard and a depth of 170 feet, until June 1916, In that month it was removed to a building just previously purchased by the University at the corner of Wood and Flournoy Streets. To meet the demand for special training on the part of stu- dents desiring to pursue more extended courses in pharmaceuti- cal chemistry, applied microscopy and bacteriology, or to pre- pare themselves for positions under the Food and Drugs Act, a curriculum was established in 1908 leading to the degree of Pharmaceutical Chemist. This curriculum includes all the didactic instruction given in the shorter curriculum, but em- braces certain additional subjects and a considerably larger amount of laboratory work. For the year 1904-5 the entrance requirements for the School of Pharmacy consisted of the completion of a grammar school course. From 1908 to 1913, one year of high school work was required for enrolment as a candidate for the degree of Grad- uate in Pharmacy. This requirement was raised in 1914 to the completion of two years ' work in an accredited high school, and since 1916 15 units have been required. For admission to the curriculum leading to the degree of Pharmaceutical Chemist 15 units have been required since the establishment of this curriculum in 1908. The enrolment in the School of Pharmacy for the year 1896-7 was 181. In 1903-4 the number was 185. During the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920 the number varied consider- ably from year to year, ranging from 150 in 1904-05 to a maximum of 259 in 1907-8. In 1919-20 the total number of students enrolled was 209. 13. The Summer Session A summer session, as a part of the work of the University, was given consideration by the faculty and the Trustees as early as 1892,-^^ but the experiment was first tried in 1894. In that year thirty students were enrolled. For the following summer there were but twenty-seven students enrolled, and ^Eept., Univ. of 111., 1892, p. 199 The Colleges and Schools 239 the Director of the session in his report to the Trustees, the following September, expressed doubt as to the advisability of its continuance.^^ It was not until 1899 that an attempt was again made to hold a session during the summer. Upon the receipt of resolu- tions of the Southern Illinois Educational Association and a petition from teachers in southern Illinois for vacation work at the University, the question of reestablishing a summer term was again given consideration, with the result that plans were made for a session of nine weeks for the summer of that year.^^ This session was distinctly successful, a total of 148 students being enrolled. The summer terms were continued and by the summer of 1904 the number of students had reached 238. During the past sixteen years there has been an almost constant annual in- crease in the enrolment, the number in 1916 being 1,147, a gain of 909, or over 380 per cent for the period. For 1917, because of conditions arising from the War, the enrolment fell to 833. In 1919, the total rose to 1,314 students. The purpose of the summer session is thus stated in the bulletin for 1920 r"^^ "The iSummer Session is an organized integral part of the University year. Though its organization is not subdivided into colleges, numerous courses are offered by departments in the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Commerce, Agricul- ture, Engineering, and in the School of Music and the Library School. All courses may be counted toward an A.B. or B.S. degree, or toward a master's degree, unless otherwise specified. By two Summer Sessions a regular student may reduce the eight semesters to seven, thus securing his degree a half year earlier than he would otherwise have done. ''One of the primary purposes of the Summer Session is to meet the needs of the teachers in the public schools who wish to spend a part of the summer vacation in serious study or investigation. Numerous courses are designed particularly for ^'Ibid., 1896, p. 165 "Ibid., 1900, pp. 28, 52 ''Univ. of 111. Bulletin, Vol XVII, No. 20, p. 7 240 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois high-school teachers, supervising officers, teachers of special subjects (agriculture, art, household science, manual training, music, etc.), and coaches of athletic teams; graduate courses are offered for college instructors, school supervisors and prin- cipals who are working for advanced degrees." A comparison of the foregoing statement with that con- tained in the summer session bulletin for 1904 reveals the fact that in 1904 a part of the courses offered were for stu- dents who were preparing to enter the University, or who wished to do work of a preparatory grade in order to remove entrance conditions; whereas in 1920 the v/ork offered was with very few exceptions of a strictly collegiate or university grade. This fact is further indicated by a comparison of the requirements for admission at the two periods. The announce- ment of the 1904 session stated :^^ "No examinations or other conditions will be placed upon admission. All who can do the work are welcome to get what they can from it. Those who can meet the requirements may matriculate in the Univer- sity if they desire, and in that event, upon examination, may receive credits to apply upon regular University courses." For admission to the 1920 session the requirements were sub- stantially the same as those in force during the regular school year. The tuition fee for the summer session has remained the same throughout the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920. In 1904, however, no free scholarships were available to students. At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held January 17, 1905, the President presented a request from the Director of the Summer School, that a free scholarship in the summer session of 1905 be offered each accredited high school in the state. It was voted that a free scholarship should be granted to some repre- sentative of as many high schools in the state as the President of the University should deem wise.^^ A similar request for the summer session of 1906 was approved by the Trustees December 19, 1905. ^"^ At a meeting of the Trustees held June 27, 1906,**^ it was recommended that in connection with the =«Univ. of 111. Bulletin, April 1, 1904, p. 167 "Eept., Univ. of 111., 1906, pp. 37-38 ^"Ibid., p. 295 "Ibid., p. 385 The Colleges and ScJiools 241 summer term to be held in 1907, "the University establish a free scholarship (a) for all persons who have taught during the year 1906-7 in the high schools of the State of Illinois; and (b) for all other persons who have taught in the schools of Illinois during the year 1906-7, and who may be able to qualify for full admission to the University in either of the Colleges, Literature and Arts, Science, or Engineering," The recommendation was approved by the Board, and the scholar- ships have up to the present time been granted annually on the same conditions. In addition, summer session scholarships have been granted since 1910^^ to those persons (otherwise qualified) who have contracts to teach during the following school year and to those who graduate from the various state normal schools in Illinois in June of the year in which the summer session is held. As a result of these endeavors of the University to promote the general educational interests of the state, about half of the total number annually enrolled in the summer session consists of high school and public school teach- ers of Illinois in active service. The summer sessions have grown in strength and value year by year. In 1904 the faculty consisted of thirty-three members; in 1919, of one hundred and fourteen. There were three visiting professors from other universities who gave regu- lar courses in 1904, and five in 1919. The relative strength of the faculty in these two years may be seen from the fol- lowing table : FACULTY IN SUMMEE SESSION 1904 AND 1919 1904 1919 Visiting Professors 3 5 Eesident Professors 3 26 Associate Professors 3 Assistant Professors 10 19 Associates 18 Instructors 16 25 Assistants 1 15 Lecturers 3 Total 33 114 ^^'Ibid., 1910, p. 545 242 Sixteen Years ai the Uriiversity of Illinois The number and variety of the courses offered in the sum- mer session of 1919 showed a marked increase over those offered in 1904. Opportunity was given in 1904 for work in twenty different departments ; and in the 1919 session, in thirty- seven departments. In addition to the regular courses of instruction offered in 1904, several general lectures were delivered by visiting educators. These comprised five on the Monroe Doctrine, five on English literature, and twenty-five on the principles of education. In 1917 the incidental exercises of general interest were of a varied nature. Forty-eight general lectures were given by members of the regular staff and by visiting educa- tors ; sixteen on recent advances in physics ; eleven on recent history, with special reference to the war ; two on food con- servation; five on the teaching of English; three on stars, nebulae and eclipses ; two on birds and bird music ; one on the Near East; and the others on various topics. The Coburn players gave three open-air performances ; there were two con- vocations, five recitals, seven vesper services, seven "campus sings," and several conferences of teachers, principals and su- perintendents. Graduate Work in the Summer Session A recent feature of the summer session work especially deserving of notice is the increased opportunity afforded stu- dents for pursuing graduate study and securing the degree of Master of Arts. Thus the announcement for the 1920 ses- sion^3 stated that : "In recent summer sessions the University has placed in- creasing emphasis upon graduate courses leading to the Mas- ter's degree. The departments which are closely related to high-school teaching and to educational administration have been selected as the centers of this emphasis. An attempt is made to vary the graduate offerings from year to year so that advanced students who attend the University summer after summer may continue to find acceptable work in their chosen fields. "Graduate students in the Summer Session are subject to the same scholastic requirements as those in the regular Uni- "Univ. of 111. Bulletin, Vol. XVII, No. 20, p. 10 The Colleges and ScJiools 243 versity year. Their study lists must he approved hy the Dean of the Graduate School, or his representative, in 109 Commerce Building. Attendance on four summer sessions, or one semester and two summer sessions, is considered the equivalent of one year in residence. If in these sessions the required amount ot work is properly done a master's degree may be earned m ^^''-No^course offered in the Summer Session may be taken for credit towards a higher degree unless it is specially described m the Summer Session circular as accepted for that P^^^^^^^^ -Students working for their masters' degrees m the Summer Session must announce their thesis subjects not later than the beginning of their third session m residence. , . ,-. -Graduate courses in medical sciences are offered m the summer quarter between June and September at the ^College of Medicine of the University of Illinois m Chicago. Summer Courses in Library Training During the first six weeks of the summer session since 1911 the Library School has offered a series of ---/ ^ "/^ training. These are not given in connection with the regular summer session of the University, but as an independent under- taking of the Library School. . +^„ To this course are admitted -only high school graduates actually employed as librarians, or library assistants or teacher-librarians, or under definite appointment to serve m such position." The curriculum is planned to meet especially the needs of workers in public libraries and in high school libraries of Illinois and no tuition fee is charged students enter- ing from this State; students entering from libraries m other states pay a tuition fee of $12. The work is under the gen eral direction of the faculty of the Library School, and the instruction is given by members of the faculty, supplemented by lectures by neighboring librarians. No university credit is granted for this course. _ "The work is designed to occupy the whole time o± tne student The number of lectures in each subject is approxi- mately as follows: cataloging, 20; classification and book 244 Sixteen Tears at tJie University of Illinois numbers, 13; book selection, 14; administration of small libraries, 10 ; reference work, 10 ; work with children, 10 ; loan systems, order, accession and shelf work, binding and re- pair, 13. "44 Up to the present time 229 persons have availed themselves of the privileges afforded by the summer library courses, of whom 161 were from Illinois libraries. I Summer Work at Havana In the summer of 1910 an interesting experiment was tried. It consisted of furnishing instruction in certain sciences at the Illinois Biological Station at Havana, Illinois. The students at the Station had as their field of observation "the banks and waters of the Illinois River itself, a series of lakes, streams and bayous of the vicinity, and the bottoms, bluffs and uplands adjacent, presenting a great variety of situations unusually rich in all plant and animal forms, and convenient of access from the station grounds. "^^ The work was carried on under the direction of a faculty of twelve members. Eight courses were offered in botany, three in education, one in microscopical technique, two in physical geography and six in zoology. About sixty students were in attendance during the session. The School for Athletic Coaches In connection with the summer session of the University, the department of physical training for men has since 1914 held a School for Athletic Coaches. This School was designed primarily to give instruction in the best methods of coaching the most popular competitive sports in college and high school — baseball, football, basketball and track and field ath- letics. In addition a course of instruction on playgrounds and their direction is provided. The instruction in each course includes both theory and practical demonstration. The instructional staff is composed of the men in charge of the several athletic teams of the Uni- "Univ. of 111. Bulletin, Vol. XIV, No. 34, pp. 16-17 «Univ. of 111. Bulletin, Vol. VII, No. 12, Nov. 21, 1909 The Colleges and Scliools 245 versity. As many as two hundred fifty persons have been enrolled in one or more courses in a single year. 14, The Military Department including also The Uni- versity's Part in the War In 1904-5 the military department of the University regis- tered a total of 844 men, of whom 41 were officers. There was one regiment of infantry, composed of field staff band, and ten companies. There was also an artillery company. The military department of the University registered a total of 2,217 students in 1915-16, 2,279 in 1916-17, 1,285 in 1917-18, 3,385, in 1918-19, and 1,407 in 1919-20. During 1915-16 and the first semester of 1916-17 the military organiza- tion consisted of two regiments of infantry, composed of twelve companies each; a foot battery of artillery, a signal company, an engineer company, a hospital company, two bands, a trumpet and drum corps, and a reserve band. At the beginning of the second semester of 1916-17 an infantry unit, a signal unit and an engineer unit of the Senior Division, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, were established in accordance with the National Defense Act of June 3, 1916. The present organization is therefore as follows : One infantry unit, Senior Division, R. 0. T. C, composed of two regiments of three battalions of four companies each, two headquarters companies, two supply companies and two machine gun com- panies; a band for each regiment and a reserve band; one signal unit, Senior Division, R. 0. T. C, consisting of one com- pany; and one engineer unit. Senior Division, R. 0. T, C, consisting of one company. Up to and including the year 1915-16 there was but one commissioned officer of the United States Army stationed at the University. In 1916-17 there were five commissioned offi- cers, three non-commissioned officers from the active list and four retired non-commissioned officers assigned to duty here. Shortly after the declaration of war all of these officers except those upon the retired list were ordered to various training camps. In addition to the enlarged personnel of United States officers the Military Department has found it necessary to em- 246 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois ploy the services of several cadet officers. In 1917-18 seventeen such officers were appointed assistants in Military Science as against three in 1904. Expenditures on account of military have greatly increased in the last sixteen years. During the biennium 1913-15 ap- proximately $227,920 was expended upon a new armory. To complete it will require at least $250,000 more. "For inci- dental expenses, military scholarships, for the Armory and other buildings to be used by the military, an amount about equal to the original federal grant ($600,000) to the University has been expended by the state to build up the Military Depart- ment of its University. "^° In addition to this work in military tactics, which the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 expressly included as one of the subjects to be taught in the land grant colleges, the University contributed materially to the preparation under- taken by the federal government for active participation in the war. Upon the entrance of the United States into the War, the President of the University telegraphed to the Gov- ernor of the State offering the use of the scientific labora- tories and other equipment of the University to the Federal Government. This offer was promptly acknowledged by the President of the United States, and various demands were made on the resources of the University in consequence. Military Units and Coueses Perhaps the University's most direct contribution toward this end has been in organizing units and courses specifically military in character. In 1915 a battery was organized among the faculty and students of the University which became known as Battery F of the First Regiment of Illinois Field Artillery. On June 20, 1916, the battery was ordered to entrain for Springfield from whence it moved to Texas. Almost exactly a year later, June 29, 1917, it again received orders from the Central De- partment directing immediate mobilization for active service, ■•"Eesponse of the University to the Call of War by Dr. B, E. Powell, University of Illinois Bulletin No. 52 TJie Colleges and Schools 247 and on July 10 it left Champaign, this time to begin prepara- tion for overseas service. Four months later it arrived in Prance. On July 2, 1917, ambulance units 109, 110 and 111, con- sisting of 36 men each, and recruited at the University in response to a call from the War Department, entrained for Allentown, Pennsylvania, to go into an army training camp prior to departure for France. Of the 108 men in these units 88 were Illinois alumni or students. In the period from April 23 to June 28, the University offered special courses in Business Organization and Operation designed to prepare students for the Ordnance and the Quar- termaster Corps. These courses enrolled in all about 120 stu- dents, the majority of whom promptly enlisted in the Federal service after completing this work.^'^ The most extensive military instruction undertaken up to June 30, 1918, was that given in the School of Military Aero- nautics, the organization of which was authorized by the Board of Trustees on May 1, 1917. The University had already begun work in this field, having established a chair of Aeronautics in 1916. From May 20, 1917, the Government sent to the School each week a group of men enlisted in the Aviation Corps. The course of study first prescribed for these men was of eight weeks duration, but in March, 1918, the Government extended this period of study by four weeks and doubled the weekly class enrolment. The curriculum at this time included such subjects as the construction and operation of machine guns and aircraft engines, the rigging of airplanes, artillery observa- tion, wireless telegraphy, map reading, reconnaissance, meteor- ology, astronomy, contact patrol, bombing, cross country fly- ing, theory of flight, types of machines, military law, mili- tary hygiene and sanitation, infantry drill regulations, army regulations, paper work, military organization, the latter sub- ject including the form of the present German, British, French and American armies. Upon completing this work cadets were trained in the actual use of the airplane at the various aviation flying fields. ^'Response of the University to the Call of War by Dr. B. E. Powell, University of Illinois Bulletin No. 52 248 Sixteen Years at tlie University of Illinois When the School opened, the Armory was placed at its disposal, and men were quartered as well as instructed there. Later, the Y. M. C. A. building was equipped for a permanent barracks, and when it would no longer accommodate all the cadets, the Women's Residence Hall was turned over to them. This was on November 15, just a few days after the building had been completed. On February 16, 1918, the President presented to the Board of Trustees a request from the Federal Board for Vocational Education, asking the University to undertake the education of conscripted men from the army of the United States, as mechanicians. The Trustees gave him authority to co-operate with the Federal Board in this matter, and it, was immediately announced that the University would undertake to provide training in any mechanical line which the government desired, for five thousand men. This action on the part of the Uni- versity resulted in the establishment of the Students Army Training Corps in the autumn of 1918. In addition to the instruction already mentioned, several so-called war courses were introduced during the second semes- ter of 1917-18, and of these perhaps the largest was that given in Red Cross work. The course extended from April 23, to June 1, and enrolled 140 students. It was conducted by a registered Red Cross nurse, by members of the faculty, and by practising physicians, and included instruction in first aid, surgical supplies, home nursing, field problems and dietetics.^^ Students' Army Training Corps^^ The Students' Army Training Corps was organized by the Committee on Education and Special Training, a committee of the War Department, composed of army officers and civilian educators, created for the purpose of educating and training men for service in the United States Army. Units of the S. A. T. C. were established in five hundred and fifty universities, colleges, and schools throughout the United States. The mini- ^■''Eesponse of the University to the Call of War by Dr. B. E. Powell, University of Illinois Bulletin No. 52 ^^Anniial Eegister, 1918-19, p. 425 The Colleges and Schools 249 mum number of students required was two hundred, and the maximum thirty-five hundred. The corps was divided into two sections, class A, those who received an academic education, and class B, those who received instruction in mechanical trades. The necessary educational requirements for class A students was a certificate of graduation from some high school of merit and for class B students a completion of the eight grades in grammar school. The S. A. T. C. Unit established at the University of Illinois was class A entirely. It was organized October 1, 1918, and work started immediately. The induction of the men into the service began October 6, 1918. The Unit was organized into fifteen companies of two hundred men each, and eleven hours weekly were devoted to military drill and instruction. The men were fully equipped, and regularly enlisted in the United States Army. They were under strict military discipline at all times. The study was supervised by the military authori- ties and was made compulsory. In order to subsist and quarter such a large number of men, the University of Illinois went to great expense in completely flooring the Armory and installing a modern kitchen which con- tained the most improved equipment, such as steam tables, ranges, boilers, meat and bread slicers, and electric dish-washers. This work was delayed somewhat on account of embargoes at that time on the transportation of materials, but through per- sistence and untiring energy on the part of the University Executive Department every obstacle was overcome and this vast undertaking began to function in time to take care of the men as rapidly as they reported. There were twenty-six hundred students enrolled in the Army section, four hundred in the Navy section, in Urbana, and three hundred and eighty-five in the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago. The academic courses were divided into groups and the cur- riculum arranged so as to cover subjects of value to the various arms of the service, and the men could elect the group or course of study desired. Those eligible for admission into the S. A. T. C. had to be over eighteen years of age and under twenty-one. Induction 250 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois was made by the voluntary application of the man to his local board, and this was completed by the board of transfer after the man had passed a thoro physical examination by army surgeons. Organization had been completed and the men were rapidly developing into valuable material for the Army, and several hundred students had already been transferred to the various Central Officers' Training Schools when the armistice was signed, shortly after which orders were received to demobilize; and this was done December 21, 1918, War Service Records Early in 1917 the University authorities were confronted with a difficult problem. Students had become restless and were manifesting a growing desire to participate actively in the war. During the spring 1,262 of them withdrew to engage in war work of one form or another. In the face of this situa- tion it became evident that some action would have to be taken in order to provide credit for those courses successfully pur- sued to the date of the student's withdrawal. Accordingly the Council of Administration on April 17 passed these two im- portant rulings : (1) If any member of the senior class now in line for graduation enters upon specific service for the national de- fense, approved by a special committee of the Council of Administration, he shall be given credit for the full semester's work and shall be recommended for graduation. (2) Any other student who enters upon specific service for the national defense, approved by a special committee of the Council of Administration, shall be given full credit for the semester's work in all courses in which he has been doing passing work at the time of his leaving; in other courses he shall be marked "withdrawn." The following statement summarizes the participation of the University's graduates, students and faculty in the military and naval service to June 5, 1918.^*^ '^Eeport of University "War Committee, Univ. of 111. Bulletin No. 49, p. 6. The Colleges and Schools 251 DISTEIBUTION THEUOUT THE DIFFERENT ARMS OF THE SERVICE AsMY 3,599 90.1% Navy 350 8.8% Maeines 43 1.1% DISTRIBUTION THRUOUT THE VARIOUS BRANCHES Army Ambulance Corps 117 Machine Gun Corps. . , 39 Aviation Corps 522 Medical Corps 173 Cavalry 18 Musicians 15 Coast Artillery 160 Officers ' Schools 207 Engineering Corps 296 Ordnance Corps 175 Field Artillery 364 Quartermaster Corps 173 Gas Defense Service 24 Signal Corps 107 Infantry 632 Branch Unknown 477 Total 3,599 Navy Radio Corps : 48 Other Branches 270 Officers ' Schools 32 Total 350 Marines 43 Grand Total 3,992 How liberally Illinois faculty and students subscribed to the Government Loans and the War Relief campaigns, may be judged from the following table which lists the most im- portant of those drives conducted in the University district between April, 1917 and June, 1919. It is interesting to note that the University of Illinois held third place among ten representative institutions thruout the country in its subscription to the Third Liberty Loan. In total subscriptions it was surpassed by Chicago and Yale. However, its faculty subscription not only doubled that of the Chicago faculty but exceeded the faculty subscription in each of the other institutions. 252 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois Appor- Amount Oversub- Date Campaign ,. j o v -i, j -i. j ^ ^ tioned Subscribed scribed April, 1917 Belgian Children Belief Fund.. $ 6,000 $13,625.02 127% April, 1917 University Ambulance Fund.., 10,000.00 October, 1917 Second Liberty Loan 55,000.00 November, 1917 Y. M. C. A. Army Fund 20,000 28,960.88 44.8% To January 1, 1918 Bed Cross Subscription 3,800.00 1917-18 American and Syrian Belief... 5,928.09 February, 1918 War Savings Stamps 25,000.00 April, 1918 Third Liberty Loan 100,000 220,000.00 120% May, 1918 Second Bed Cross Fund 4,000 10,581.23 164.5% November, 1918 Fourth Liberty Loan 314,000.00 November, 1918 United War Work Fund 46,821.00 January, 1919 Armenian and Syrian Belief. . . . 2,514.36 April, 1919 Victory Loan . 86,300.00 Total subscribed $822,530.58 Since there was no apportionment of the University district for the First Liberty Loan this item does not appear in the above table. Mention should be made of the work carried on by the Woman's War Relief Committee, the most active and success- ful student organization canvassing the University for funds in connection with the war. From the money which this com- mittee collected during the year 1917-18, it made donations to the amount of $2,031.23. Miscellaneous Activities Aside from its organization of military units and courses, as well as its subscriptions to the various campaigns enum- erated above, the University made other contributions which, though less extensive and direct, were distinctly valuable in promoting the work of national defense. Of these perhaps the one most outstanding was the preparation of certain chemi- cals indispensable for the manufacture of munitions, nickel steels, etc. The stocks of many organic chemicals which were imported from Germany before the war had been completely exhausted, and during the year 1917-18, more than 100 dif- ferent chemicals were made. Among the most important of The Colleges and Schools 253 these may be mentioned dimethylgloxine, nitroso betanaphthol, cuperron, nitron and ninhydrin. At the outset it was thought that the business resulting from the sales of these products would amount to about $1,000, whereas during the summer of 1917 alone, the sales totaled approximately $5,000. On March 3, 1917, a branch of the Intercollegiate Intelli- gence Bureau was organized at the University of Illinois, with Assistant Dean H. W. Miller of the College of Engineering as Adjutant. The purpose of this Bureau was to create machinery which would operate to bring all the existing college and uni- versity agencies into direct contact with the proper Depart- ment of the National Government without duplication of ef- fort. Questionnaires were promptly sent to 13,500 alumni and students, and the information received from these was placed upon permanent record cards under 102 general heads. Within 30 days after the U, S. declared war, 3,860 of these cards were upon file and ready for use. To the first emergency case from the United States Civil Service Commission, Illinois responded with a good list of names, and several men immediately began their v/ork in the positions offered. Urgent calls then came from the Ordnance Department for trained inspectors, clerks and instrument men. On May 9, 1917, the Bureau was asked to recruit from the University two ambulance units, and on May 26, an additional unit was called for. It was about this time that the University organized its School of Military Aero- nautics, and since the undertaking demanded the services of those connected with the Intercollegiate Intelligence Bureau, the activities of the Bureau were greatly decreased during the summer months. However, in the latter part of August, the Government announced that it would increase its programs in aviation, shipbuilding, ordnance, chemistry and finance ; and so during the winter of 1917-18 Adjutant H. H. Jordan, who in August replaced Professor Miller, found a renewed demand for the services of his Bureau. Registrants were supplied with information concerning the organization of the different Na- tional Departments and also the work which was being done at the officers' training schools. On March 15, 1918, the Uni- versity was notified of the merging of the Intercollegiate 254 Sixteen Years at the University of Illinois Bureau into the War Service Exchange which was then under the supervision of the Adjutant General's Office. Thereafter the co-operation of the University with the War Department consisted largely in classifying its graduates who intended to enter the service either as regular army or navy men or as civilians. The extension division of the Household Science Depart- ment organized for a food conservation campaign. During the year 1917-18 the division served 20 types of organizations thru- out the state reaching through them more than 70,000 house- keepers. The campaign which has been launched by this di- vision was carried on locally since January 1, 1918, by a sub- committee of the University War Committee.^ ^ On September 11, 1917, the Board of Trustees authorized the President to take out, on behalf of the University, a mem- bership in the American University Union. The object of this organization was to furnish social facilities to graduates of American universities connected with the military and naval forces in Europe. In March, 1917, the Union asked the Uni- versity of Illinois to contribute $1,000 towards the support of the Paris Branch Union. The Trustees requested that the Alumni be invited to subscribe this amount, and accordingly the matter was turned over to the Chairman of the University War Committee. The campaign which was conducted under his direction netted in all $1,506.50.^- As the University continued to participate in an ever in- creasing number of war activities, it became evident that there should be some centralization of effort as well as a general supervision over all University agencies seeking to promote war work among faculty and students. Therefore, the Board of Trustees in December, 1917, authorized the appointment of a University War Committee whose duty it should be to coordinate and energize University war activities, to endeavor to place students and alumni where they could best serve the '^Eesponse of the University to the Call of War by Dr. B. E. Powell, University of Illinois Bulletin No. 52 ■^Eeport of the War Committee, University of Illinois Bulletin No. 49, p. 9 The Colleges and Schools 255 Government and to give the proper publicity necessary to make the whole work efficient.^^ This committee, of which the Vice President of the Uni- versity was made Chairman, organized at once 17 divisional committees and began its work. Under its direction 14 war leaflets were published, most of them in editions of 50,000. Beginning April 24, 1918, news bulletins were sent out every Saturday to approximately 450 newspapers of Illinois and adjoining states. By May 9, a total of 182 war talks had been delivered before various student organizations. Under its su- pervision the University on February 18, dedicated a service flag in recognition of those among its alumni and students who had been called to the colors. In addition to these specific activities noteworthy service was rendered by the divisional committees on legal advice to drafted men, conservation and economy and University war employment. 15. University of Illinois Press The University of Illinois Press was organized in 1918 to have charge of the work of editing, printing, and distributing the publications of the University.^^ Mr. Harrison E. Cunning- ham was appointed Director. An editorial office has been es- tablished and some printing machinery has been installed. The University publishes through its departments and allied scientific bureaus and experiment stations 18 series of bulletins and circulars, besides the publications of the Graduate School, which are listed in another place.^^ Among the noteworthy books published by the University are: Konungs Skuggsja, the main manuscript of, by Professor G. T. Flom; The Genus Phoradendron, by Professor William Trelease; The Life of the Pleistocene, by Mr. Frank C. Baker; The Life of Columcille, edited and translated by A. O'Kelleher and G. Schepperle; The Power of a God, by Thaeher H. Guild; Semi-Centennial History of the University of Illinois, volume 1, by Dr. B. E. Powell. "Min., Bd. of Trustees, Univ. of 111., 1916-18, p. 636 "Min., Bd. of Trustees, 1916-18, p. 747 "^Page 200 (this book) CHAPTER X SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION During the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920 the income of the University of Illinois from the Federal Government rose from $74,223.37 in 1903-4 to $218,154.44 in 1919-20. The ap- propriations of the State of Illinois to the University advanced from $1,152,400 to $5,348,000. The total available income of the University increased from $956,472.80 to $3,723,746.18. The University vras the recipient of several important gifts during this period, the two most notable of which were received from Captain Thomas J. Smith and from Hon. William B. McKinley, both of Champaign. The former donated to the Uni- versity four farms in 1914, having a total area of about 770 acres and a value of approximately $215,000, to provide funds for the erection of a building for the School of Music. Mr. McKinley in 1917 presented to the University securities of a par value of $120,000, from the sale of which funds should be provided for the erection of an infirmary for students and faculty. The land holdings of the University increased during this period from 633.69 acres in 1904 to 1,959.45^ acres in 1920. Of the 1,328.26 acres added, 713.72 acres were included in thirty experiment fields in various sections of the state which had been acquired by gift or by purchase. The total value of the land acquired during the period was $861,887.29. Sixteen important buildings were erected between 1904 and 1920. The total number of buildings in use by the Uni- versity increased from 23 to 71. One million, one hundred fifty-three thousand, three hundred ninety dollars had been expended up to 1904 on buildings in use at that time. From 1905 to 1920, $3,905,963.63 was spent for new buildings or for additions to old ones. The inventory of furniture and fixtures in 1904 amounted to a total of $81,342.55. In 1919 the value of these items was ^See foot-note, Chapter II, p. 54 256 Summary and Conclusion 257 $367,649.35. The value of departmental equipment rose like- wise from $487,117.16 to $2,402,108.64. The number of books in the Library increased from 66,239 in 1904 to approximately 420,000 in 1920. A considerable number of departmental libraries were established. Two new museums were established, and the other collections of the Uni- versity received substantial additions. The number of members in the faculty rose from 351 to 943. The quality of the staff showed an increase no less marked. Salaries were so increased that in 1919-20 approximately 36 per cent of the faculty were receiving $2,500 or more, as against 10 per cent in 1903-04; while only .2 per cent were receiving less than $1,000, as against 29.9 per cent in 1903-04. Four hundred ninety books, 5,478 articles, 310 book reviews and 490 book notices were published by members of the faculty during the sixteen years. The enrolment of the University increased from 3,592 to 9,249, the number of degrees conferred, from 633 to 928 (1,223). 2 The requirements for admission were advanced for all departments of the University. Student activities of every nature showed a lively growth during the period. Many organizations were formed to sup- plement the work in the class room, in addition to the large number devised chiefly for recreation. Illinois athletic teams were notably successful in inter-collegiate contests. Of the various colleges and schools embraced in the organ- ization of the University, nearly all showed a substantial growth during the period. There was in nearly every instance an increase in the number of students and faculty, in buildings and equipment and in the number and variety of the courses offered. In every case there was a distinct advance in the quality of the work. During the sixteen years from 1904 to 1920 the University as a whole became recognized not only as an indispensable part of the gi-eat public school system of the State of Illinois, but as a most vital factor in the promotion of the agricultural, the industrial and the commercial interests of the common- *Figures in parenthesis are those for 1916-17 258 Sixteen Years at tJie University of Illinois wealth. It was repeatedly invited to assist in the solution of the most difficult problems which confronted the legislators of the State, and in every instance rendered ungrudging and efficient service. It cheerfully accepted whatever new duties were laid upon it. Its usefulness was limited only by its means. In spite of the impression that will be derived from the study of the statistics presented in the foregoing pages — namely that the University's growth for the sixteen years was chiefly material and physical — it can be asserted with confidence that the real growth of the University for this period was intellectual and spiritual. It rose to a higher plane of scholarship. It came to lay greater emphasis upon unsel- fish service. There was a setting up of high ideals, and these were kept consistently before both faculty and students. During this period the University was not content to serve only as a medium for handing down to its students the learn- ing of the past. It strove with unflagging zeal to do its part in pushing outward the bounds of the known world of science, literature, art, philosophy and medicine. This policy, con- sistently followed, resulted not only in the addition of some small amount to the sum of human knowledge, but also in greater inspiration in the teaching of the instructor, and a keener interest in his work on the part of the student. Difficult as the task is of securing the means for providing adequate land, buildings, libraries and laboratories, it is still more difficult to build up an able administrative and instruc- tional staff — men with genuine teaching ability, with high ideals of scholarship, capable of carrying on important investi- gations themselves and of giving efficient direction to the re- search of others. This task has been performed at the Uni- versity of Illinois during the past sixteen years with notable success. It is certain that no state university is ranked higher by its sister institutions at the present time than the Univer- sity of Illinois. If the present high ideals of scholarship and of service are maintained, there is no reason to doubt that the University of Illinois will establish clearly its right to be counted one of the great seats of learning of the world. BIBLIOGRAPHY The principal sources from which the facts contained in this Report were collected are the following: Reports of the Illinois Industrial University and the Uni- versity of Illinois, 1868-1916. Minutes of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illi- nois, 1904-1920. University of Illinois Annual Registers, 1868-1920. Laws of Illinois, 1863-1918. Illinois School Reports, 1879-1906. The Alumni Quarterly, 1907-18. The Alumni Record, 1913-1918. Registrar's Report, 1913. Comptroller's Reports, 1913-19. The Daily Ulini, 1904-20. The lUio, 1904-19. 259 INDEX Adams Act, 8, 11 Administration building, picture, 16 Agricultural College and Experi- ment Station, 211 Agricultural Experiment Fields, 1920, picture, 53 list, 70 Agronomy Barn and Implement House, picture, 48 Agronomy Greenhouse, picture, 48 Animal Husbandry Feeding Barns, picture, 64 Animal Husbandry Silos, picture, 64 Appropriations entomologist, state, 18 federal, 7 Miners' and Mechanics' Insti- tutes, 18 Natural History Laboratory, 18 state, 15, 17, 20 Water Survey, 18 Archaeology, Classical, Museum, 121 Armory, picture, 224 Artillery Barns, picture, 144 Art Museum, 121 Athletic coaches, school for, 244 Athletic organizations, 182 Auditorium, picture, 224 Bibliography, 259 Books and articles published by faculty, 152 table, 153 Botany Annex, picture, 96 Buildings erected, 1867-1904, 78 erected, 1904-20, 79 description, 85 inventory, 80 under construction, 83 Buildings and equipment, chapter on, 77 Burrill, Professor, retirement, 144 Cabinets and collections, appropria- tions, 1869-1911, 118 Campus in 1870, picture, 44 Campus, 1920, picture, 194 Campus plans chapter on, 193 chart, 196 Ceramics Building, picture, 112 Ceramics Kiln House, picture, 128 Chemistry building, picture, 80 Collections, 126 Collections and cabinets, appropria- tions for, 1869-1911, 118 Colleges and schools, chapter on, 199 Commerce and Business Adminis- tration, College of, 214 Commerce building, picture, 16 Commerce museum, 126 Conclusion and summary, chapter on, 256 Contents, table of, 3 Council of Administration, 1904-20, 130 Dairy barns, picture, 64 Debate and oratory, 190 Degrees conferred, 1904 and 1918, table, 165 conferred, 1905-19, table, 163 geographical distribution, table, 170 Dentistry, College of, 236 building, picture, 208 faculty, 143 Departmental libraries, 107 Dramatic organizations, 181 Educational Eesearch, Bureau of, 230 Education, College of, 225 building, picture, 160 1904-18, 225 Education, School of, registration, 229 Endowment fund, interest, 19 Engineering, College of alumni, 209 changes, 210 faculty, 208 special activities, 206 student enrolment, 208 Engineering College and Experi- ment Station, 205 Engineering Experiment Station, 207 Enrolment colleges, etc., table, 160 student, 1868-1920, table, 154 student, 1904-20, table, 159 260 Index 261 Entomologist's Laboratory, picture, 96 Entomologist, State, appropriation, 18 Entrance requirements, 174 table, 175 Equipment and buildings, chapter on, 77 Equipment, inventory, 97 Experiment fields, list and descrip- tion, 70 Experiment Station, Agricultural, 211 Experiment Station, Engineering, 205, 207 Faculty additions, 1904-20, 130 chapter on, 128 salaries, 1903-04 and 1919-20, 148 table, 129, 130 Farm Mechanics Building, 40 Floriculture Greenhouse, picture, 96 Foreign students, table, 171 Fraternities and sororities, 184 Furniture and fixtures, inventory, 96 Gas Engine Annex, picture, 128 Genetics Laboratory, picture, 96 Gift of land, 76 Gifts to the University, 29 Graduate School, 199 Gymnasium for Men, picture, 224 Hatch Act, 7, 11 Havana, summer work, 244 Home-coming, 1916 program, 187 Honorary and professional socie- ties, 185 Horse Barn, picture, 64 Horticulture Field Laboratory, pic- ture, 64 Horticulture Greenhouse, picture, 96 Hospital Annex, picture, 144 Hospital, picture, 144 Illustrations, table, 4 Income chapter on, 7 sources, 7 total, 29 total, table, 30 Income from Federal Government, 7 summary, 11 Income from State of Illinois, 15, 17 Interseholastic, 1916 program, 189 Introduction, 6 James, President J. E., portrait, frontispiece Land chapter on, 41 gift, 76 table showing value, 46 1867, 41 Lands acquired, list and description of Chicago, 1868-1904, 64 Chicago, 1904-20, 69 experiment fields, 70 1868-1904, 46 1904-20, 48 outside Urbana-Champaign, 1904- 20, 64 summary, 57 table showing value, 48, 52, 55 Urbana-Champaign, 1867, 59 Urbana-Champaign, 1904-20, 64 Law, College of, 212 building, picture, 224 recent developments, 218 Liberal Arts and Sciences, College of, 200 1913-20, 202 Libraries departmental, 107 size in various universities, 102 Libraries and museums, chapter on, 100 Library addition, picture, 224 building, 115 expenditure for books, 1912-18, 106 Quine, 114 1904-18, 104 Library School, 219 Library training, summer courses, 243 Lincoln Hall, picture, 32 Literary and scientific organiza- tions, 179 Locomotive Testing Laboratory, pic- ture, 128 Mcintosh, Professor, retirement, 145 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, picture, 128 Medicine, College of, 230 building, picture, 208 faculty, 1904-20, 140 library, 114 Military department, 245 Military units and courses, 246 Miners' and Mechanics' Institutes, appropriation for, 18 Mining Engineering Museum, 126 Mining Laboratory, picture, 112, 128 262 Index Morrill Land Grant, 7, 11 Museums, 116 classical archaeology and art, 121 commerce, 126 mining engineering, 126 natural history, 119 Oriental, 124 railway engineering, 127 visitors, 123 Museums and libraries, chapter on, 100 Music, School of, 216 building, picture, 160 1904-20, 222 1920, 223 Natural History Building picture, 32 Natural History Museum, 119 Natural History, State Laboratory of, 17 appropriations, 18 Nelson Act, 8, 11 Observatory, picture, 144 Oratory and debate, 190 Organizations athletic, 182 classes, 178 dramatic, 181 honorary and professional, 185 miscellaneous, 186 national and state, 186 religious, 180 Organizations and activities of stu- dents, table, 178 Oriental Museum, 124 Pharmacy, School of, 236 building, picture, 208 faculty, 144 Physics Laboratory, picture, 112 Power House, picture, 144 Preface, 5 President's house, picture, 224 Press, University, 255 Professional and honorary societies, 185 Professors, 1904-20 assistant, 136 assistant. College of Medicine, 142 associate, 135 associate, College of Medicine, 141 Dentistry, in College of, 143 Medicine, in College of, 140 Property sales of, table, 58 summary, table, 58 Publications faculty, 152 faculty, table, 149 student, 191 Quine Library of College of Medi- cine, 114 growth, 114 Eailway Engineering Museum, 127 Religious organizations, 180 Retirement of professors, 140, 145 Ricker, Professor, retirement, 145 Rolfe, Professor, retirement, 145 Salaries average, of full-time member of faculty 149 faculty, 1903-04, 1919-20, 148 summary, 149 Schools and colleges, chapter on, 199 Scientific and literary organizations, 179 Senate, 1904-20, 131 Shattuck, Professor, retirement, 144 Smith-Hughes Act, 9, 11 Smith-Lever Act, 8, 11 Smith Music Building, picture, 160 Societies, see organizations Sororities and fraternities, 184 State appropriations to University, 15, 17, 20 Stock Pavilion, picture, 48 Store House, picture, 144 Student body, chapter on, 154 Students activities, 187 enrolment of, 1868-1920, table, 154 enrolment of, 1904-20, table, 159 foreign, table, 171 geographical distribution, 170 graduated, percentage, 172 insular possessions of U. S., from, 172 organizations and activities, chap- ter on, 178 parents of, occupations, 173 publications, 191 Students' Army Training Corps, 248 Summary and conclusion, chapter on, 256 Summer courses in library training, 243 Summer Session, 238 athletic coaches school, 244 faculty, 241 graduate work, 242 Summer work at Havana, 244 Table of contents, 3 Tax for support of University, Act relative to, 27 f Index 263 Transportation building, picture, War service records, 250 ,^. 112 Water Survey, State, appropriation, Vivarium, picture, 96 18 War activities, miscellaneous, 252 Woman's Building, picture, 176 War relief campaigns, subscriptions, Women 's Residence Hall, picture, 251 176 JBRAR^ Qf CON^*^' ill!