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JAMES A. GARFIELD. 
 
HIRAM COLLEGE 
 
 .AND. 
 
 Western Reserve 
 
 Eclectic Institute 
 
 FIFTY YEARS OF HISTORY 
 1850-1900 , 
 
 By F. 
 
 M. 
 
 GREEN, 
 
 WITH 
 
 A. 
 
 M., 
 
 LL. 
 
 D. 
 
 An Introduction by PROF. 
 
 E. 
 
 B. 
 
 WAKEFIELD 
 
 
 The 
 
 O. S. HuBBELL Printing Co 
 Cleveland, Ohio 
 1901 
 
 (, 
 
 
 u 
 
THE LIBRARY OF 
 CONGRESS, 
 
 Two GoH<ts Received 
 
 JUN. 29 1901 
 
 Copyright entrv 
 
 CLASS<X/XXc. Nm. 
 
 COl^Y B. 
 
 r 'i 
 
 Copyright 1901, 
 
 by 
 F. M. GI^EEN. 
 
 t 't. c-» 
 
DEDICATION 
 
 To the many thousands who constitute 
 
 the goodly Fellowship 
 
 of 
 
 Hiram College 
 
 and 
 
 The Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, 
 
 this 
 
 VOLUME 
 
 of interesting facts and memories is dedicated by one, 
 
 who, familiar with their history for fifty years, 
 
 has brought into order these chronicles. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 There are some things which can be stated in a Preface 
 or Introduction better than in the body of a book. Some 
 personal explanations can be made which would be altogether 
 out of place anywhere else. In the preface the author of a 
 volume or treatise mounts his throne and asserts his dictum. 
 It should be known to all that the author whose name ap- 
 pears on the title page of this volume was not the first in the 
 Hiram fellowship to gather material, to outline its use, and 
 to enter upon the writing of a Hiram history. Mainly to 
 the Faculty of Hiram College, and especially to Professor 
 A. C. Pierson who was selected by them, is the credit due 
 for the idea which has been expanded into the present vol- 
 ume. To the great sorrow of a large circle of friends and 
 co-laborers in behalf of Hiram College and higher educa- 
 tion, Prof. Pierson died suddenly at the begnning of his 
 work, leaving for another hand to do what it was hoped he 
 would be able to perform. He had gathered considerable 
 material and had outlined his plan of work, and had written 
 a little more than one chapter. Substantially he completed 
 the first chapter of the history, and with slight change that 
 chapter stands as he wrote it and as a memoral of high per- 
 sonal regard and of the high esteem in which he was held by 
 his associates in the Faculty and the students and friends of 
 Hiram College. In his foreview of "University and its 
 Sons," Dr. John Eaton, himself an eminent educator, says : 
 "How often do both the faculty and students of a genera- 
 tion fail to gain the inspiration justly theirs, by reason of 
 the lack of knowledge of the sacrifices and triumphs of those 
 who have gone before them. How many fail to bestow 
 their wealth in aid of this instruction, and how many sonr 
 
fail to take advantage of it because they, or those advising 
 them, do not know v^^hat those receiving it have thereby 
 gained to themselves, or v;^hat they have contributed to the 
 uplifting of mankind and the advancement of civilization." 
 To furnish this knowledge of what Hiram College has ac- 
 complished in fifty years in material equipment, and in "the 
 uplift of mankind" is the purpose of this history. The power 
 of a college is not in what it promises to do but in what it 
 does, and this cannot be estimated until many years of deeds 
 have been accomplished. Compared with Harvard with its 
 265 years of history; Yale with its 201 ; Princeton with itsi 
 155 ; and Columbia with its 147, Hiram is but a youth; and 
 yet the fifty years of its history now past have proven to be 
 in many respects, within the most wonderful semi-centennial 
 period since the birth of Jesus Christ. Hiram has a past 
 that is worth the study of the friends of education both 
 higher and lower. To give that history accurately and im- 
 partially, and to make it pleasantly readable has been the 
 steady purpose of the author. In its preparation he has ex- 
 amined every page of the records of the Board of Trustees 
 for fifty years; its fifty annual catalogues; the records of 
 its Faculty meetings for forty years ; a large number of pri- 
 vate letters and other communications ; and much history of 
 contemporary institutions. Acknowledgment is made for 
 aid rendered in material and valuable suggestion to the Fac- 
 ulty of the College, to individual members of its Board of 
 Trustees, to intimate personal friends, to Dr. William T. 
 Harris of the United States Bureau of Education, to mem- 
 bers of the Faculty of the University of Michigan, and to 
 Dr. Charles F. Thwing, President of Western Reserve Uni- 
 versity for his valuable discussion "College Administration," 
 and to all others who for little or much have been willing 
 helpers. 
 
 The book is in its nature a memorial, and the personal 
 element is one of its main characteristics, and to deal with 
 
these persons and their work without exaggeration giving 
 to each one his proper estimate and setting, without distinc- 
 tion or invidious comparison has been the desire and effort 
 of the author. In many respects the author has had a great 
 advantage in that he had personal and often intimate knowl- 
 edge of the Institution for fifty years, and of the men and 
 women who from its first Board of Trustees, its first Faculty, 
 and its first body of students have shone in its heavens. With 
 nearly all he was personally acquainted and with some had 
 an intimate personal and professional relationship. From 
 the student body of the College many have arisen who in 
 various positions as business men, preachers, lawyers, edu- 
 cators, statesmen and chief executives of State and Nation 
 have ranked among the best. In memory of these and for 
 the pleasure and profit of those of their humbler companions 
 vi^ho yet remain and to the many who will be interested in 
 their history in the years, perhaps ages to come ; this history 
 of prophecies fulfilled, of struggles met, of victories won, of 
 ambitions yet unrealized, has been prepared with ever-in- 
 creasing interest by one who owes much to the Institution 
 and its gifted teachers for what he has been, is, and hopes 
 
 to be. 
 
 F. M. GREEN. 
 
 Kent, O., March ii, 1901. 
 
INTRODUCTION- 
 
 The founding of a successful school is an event of great 
 significance. Such an institution becomes a sort of second 
 home to a great body of young people, a place where the 
 family group enlarges and the horizon of life expands. Of 
 measureless value is such a place, if it fulfilled its mission. 
 To build a house is not to make a home. That comes of the 
 close and tender associations, the comedies and tragedies, the 
 toils and tears of the long years. There is a momentum 
 strange and powerful in the character of such a place. A 
 thousand subtle influences bear in upon the life that follov/s 
 after, and change at length becomes almost impossible. 
 
 The institution at Hiram was fortunate in its begin- 
 ning. No possible selfish speculation, no merely individual 
 interest had aught to do with its planting. It was not 
 dropped from the hand of some wealthy benefactor that it 
 might create for itself a mission or call to itself patronage. 
 It came in answer to a demand. It was pushed into being 
 by a people who were rich only in faith and aspiration be- 
 cause they felt there was imperative need of it. 
 
 It may be said that Hiram was never built to imitate, 
 or to compete with, any other institution. Methods of edu- 
 cation approved by experience it has ever been ready to 
 adopt, but it has had from the first its own distinctive field 
 and purpose. Whether it keeps pace with the fads or fash- 
 ions of other colleges it little notes or cares. It has its own 
 ideals ; it strives to keep them highest and best ; and it seeks 
 to send out students who in the front ranks of life's real 
 service can endure hardness equal to any others. 
 
 The institution has been fortunate in its history. Well 
 founded before the civil war, she sent her sons to stand on 
 
almost every hard-fought battlefield, and gave the momen- 
 tum of her life to the saving of her country. 
 
 In all the changing tidesj the storms and stress of re- 
 ligious and social life, Hiram has at once been true to its own 
 highest conception of duty, and to the charge committed by 
 the men and women by whom it was founded. There never 
 has been a time in the history of the institution when it 
 could have been accused justly as narrow and illiberal on the 
 one hand, or unstable and unsound on the other. The in- 
 stitution has always felt that all truth was not yet found, but 
 it has accepted certain facts beside the law of gravitation as 
 fixed. 
 
 It has varied somewhat in its expression, it has from the 
 first been courteous and tolerant, but the college has always 
 been religous. 
 
 It has been reverent. What a story it would tell if the 
 old chapel could repeat the prayers that have been breathed 
 within it in a succession of fifty years ! Here manhood has 
 held profound respect, and God has been unceasingly adored. 
 It has had the spirit of service. It has taught that it is igno- 
 ble to take more from the world than one gives; that the 
 world-lifters are immeasurably better than the world- 
 burdeners, no matter how much tinsel the latter wear. It 
 has been a place of faith. There has always been accepted 
 a sublimer hope than that man is the child of a clod and 
 doomed to return. If ever it ceases to hold for man the un- 
 wavering inspiration of a divine origin, a divine communion, 
 and an immortal life, the college that has been will cease 
 to be. 
 
 What a wealth of history these fifty years have made 
 on Hiram Hill ! Only fragments of it can be told, but these 
 well indicate the kind of life that has been lived. The in- 
 stitution has called to itself earnest and wholesome lives, and 
 furthermore it has developed them. The "Hiram fellow- 
 ship" is not selfish, it does not forbid others, and yet it re- 
 
mains to a vast company as the choicest and happiest that 
 ever Hfe affords. 
 
 As a whole the history of this college is singularly clear 
 and open. In the days of its poverty and hard limitations 
 some faithful workers were too poorly sustained and re- 
 quited, but intentional injustice has been done to no one. 
 There is no skeleton in the closet here ; and so far as the rep- 
 utation of the college is concerned, the historian might write 
 in utter abandon of all that has occurred. 
 
 Finally, the college has been fortunate in its historian. 
 No man lives who at once knows so well the whole history 
 of Hiram College, and holds so largely the culture and the 
 balance of the good writer, as the author of this volume. 
 For nearly half a century, since 1853, he has been associated 
 with the institution as student, lecturing visitor, or trustee. 
 He has breathed its air and known its workers in all the 
 years. He has no narrow perspective. As a true son of 
 Hiram he has done good work out in the wide world. He 
 has preached ably far and near; as a missionary secretary 
 he has known the length and breadth of the land; he has 
 stood in halls of legislation ; and he has written, and written 
 well, more than can here be told. 
 
 But best of all his works, as we believe, is this present 
 volume; for in it he preserves a story that should not be 
 lost, and he tells it as no other could. 
 
 With a loyal affection, and in clear and good conscience, 
 he has written the historic truth. 
 
 While other histories discourse of more renowned 
 events and cover far wider fields, none of them strike deeper 
 root into the soil of human experience. Here is the story 
 of a group of workers who put their bare hearts against 
 the most serious problems of life, who felt the darkness and 
 found the brightness, and furnished in their own lives ex- 
 amples of the noblest aspiration and achievement. 
 
 To write this volume has been to the author a labor of 
 love. It would be hard to give to any writer and his work 
 a higher commendation. 
 
 Hiram, O. E. B. WAKEFIELD. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS* 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 The Inception and Founding of the Eclectic Institute, 1849-1850: 
 
 Preliminary — Early Impulses — The Yearly meeting — The meet- 
 ing at Russell — The Delegate meetings — Bloomfield — Ravenna — 
 Aurora — Hiram — The first meetings of the Corporators — The first 
 meeting under the Charter — The Act of Incorporation — The first 
 building — Hiram in 1850 pp. 3-23 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Period of Establishment and First Administration — 
 
 1850-1857. 
 
 The Beginning — The Building — The Situation — The First Day 
 — Organizing the School — Course of Study — The Name — Early 
 Teachers — A. S. Hayden — Thomas Munnell — Mrs. Phoebe M. Drake 
 — Sarah Udall — Charles D. Wilber — Norman Dunshee — Almeda A. 
 Booth — Other Teachers — The Accommodations for Students — 
 Boarding and Lodging — The First Public Exercises — The School's 
 Influence — A New Order of Things — The Church of Hiram — Firm 
 Friends of the School — Zeb Rudolph — C. L. P. Reno — ^James R. 
 Newcomb — Timothy J. Newcomb — Thud Norton — Holland Brown — 
 John Buckingham — The Hiram House — Social Gatherings — The Rise 
 of the Literary Societies — Different Periods — The Eclectic — The 
 Philomathean — Other Societies — The Olive Branch — The Delphic — 
 The Hesperian — The Library Question — Value of Society History — 
 Financial Affairs — The Libraries of the College — Early Commence- 
 ments — Mrs. Garfield's Letter — Commencement Programme, 1857— 
 Board of Trustees — Carnot Mason — Symonds Ryder — Isaac Errett 
 — William Hayden — Zeb Rudolph — Frederick Williams — Aaron 
 Davis — John Anson Ford — William W. Richards — George King — 
 Ambrose Latin Soule — Jefferson Harrison Jones — Samuel Church — 
 Kimball Porter — George Pow — Presidents of the Board of Trustees 
 — Financial Agents — Treasurer — Close of the First Administration 
 —Miss Booth's Judgment — Mr. Hayden's Farewell — Morning Lec- 
 tures — Benediction — Trustee pp. 24-93 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Eclectic Institute— The Garfield Administration— 1857^ 
 
 1863. 
 
 Board of Education— Garfield Becomes Principal— The Hiram 
 History of Garfield— His Personal Appearance— His iCourtesy— 
 Janitor— Valedictory Oration— His Last District- School— The Spring 
 Term, 1852— Music in the Eclectic— Garfield as a Debater— Reply to 
 the Infidel Treat— His Hiram Teachers— Garfield a Teacher— Gar- 
 field the Carpenter— Garfield the Preacher— First Sermon in Hiram 
 —Garfield the Lawyer— His First Legal Plea— The Chapel Lecture— 
 From Hiram to Williamstown— Back in Hiram — His Last Visit to 
 Hiram— Summary and Chronology— Changes in the Character of 
 the School— Teaching Teachers— J. H. Rhodes— Memorandum by 
 J. H. Rhodes— Financial Matters— W. J. Ford— Literary Societies- 
 Proposed Changes in the Character of the School — Convention Res- 
 olutions — First Resolutions in Favor of a College — Hiram and the 
 Civil War — Commencements— The Hiram Campus — Course of Study 
 — Close of Mr. Garfield's Administration — Mr. Garfield's Summary 
 of Hiram Life pp. 94-133 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Eclectic Institute — Its Later Life and Close — 1863- 1867. 
 
 Formal Resignation of Mr. Garfield — B. A. Hinsdale a Teacher 
 — H. W. Everest and Hiram — Matriculation Fee — C. W. Heywood 
 as Principal — William Lowe — A. J, Thomson as Principal — Piatt 
 Rogers Spencer — Mr. Thomson as Teacher — Biographical Sketch of 
 A. J. Thomson — Theological Department — The Commercial Depart- 
 ment — Osmer C. Hill — John Milton Atwater as Principal — The At- 
 water Family — Looking Towards an Endowment — Scholarships — 
 The College Bell — The Old Hiram and its Students — Mr. Atwater's 
 Memories — Tiffany Hall — The Ideals of Life which Hiram Gave its 
 Students — Number and Names of Trustees — Solicitors for the In- 
 stitute — Presidents of the Board — Secretaries of the Board — Treas- 
 urers of the Board — Principals of the Eclectic Institute — Teachers 
 of the Eclectic Institute — The Students of the Eclectic Institute — 
 The Hiram Spirit — Unity of Action — The Closing Days of the Ec- 
 lectic Institute — The Last Commencement — The Close of the Eclec- 
 tic Institute pp. 134-174 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Hiram College — The Initial Years of the College — 1867-1870. 
 
 The Beginning of Hiram College — Hiram and Other Colleges — 
 Hiram College a Member of the Association of Ohio Colkges — The 
 Aim of Hiram College — Co-education of the Sexes — The First Presi- 
 dent—Prof. Asa M. Weston— Miss Lottie M. Sackett— Osmer C. 
 Hill — Course of Study — Business Methods — Annual Report of the 
 President and Treasurer of the College — First Finance Committee — 
 A Biblical Course — The Legal Status of the College — The Legal 
 History of Hiram College — Authority of the Committee of Examina- 
 tion — The Results of the Examination — The Capital Stock — The 
 Second Faculty of the College — J. M. Atwater Elected President of 
 the College — Amzi Atwater — Cortentia Munson — Contract with J. 
 M. Atwater for Second Year — Thanks to W. J. Ford as Solicitor — 
 Lathrop Cooley as Financial Agent — Close of J. M. Atwater's Ad- 
 ministration — An Endowment Fund — The Literary Societies — The 
 Life and Spirit of the Eclectic Institute in the College pp. 175-208 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 Hiram College — B. A. Hinsdale's Administration — 1870- 1882. 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale the Third President— Mr. Hinsdale's Great Pur- 
 pose — Some of Mr. Hinsdale's Characteristics — Biographical Sketch 
 of President Hinsdale — President Hinsdale's . First Faculty — Isaac 
 N. Demmon — Wilson S. Atkinson — Edmund B. Wakefield — Osmer 
 C. Hill— A. J. Squire— Miss Ellen Jackson— Mrs. Mary E. Hinsdale, 
 1873— George H. Colton, 1874 — Colman Bancroft, Mrs. Phoebe B. 
 Clapp, 1876 — Professor Bancroft — Miss Lillie M. Stow, 1877 — Ar- 
 thur C. Pierson, 1878 — Sketch of Professor Pierson — C. D. Hubbell, 
 Alpha A. Boynton, Louis C. Force, 1879 — Miss Mary B. Jewett, 
 Fred A. Niles, H. M. Stone, 1880— George A. Peckham, Charles F. 
 Schovanek, 1881— Mahlon H. Wilson, Anna M. Wing, 1882— Presi- 
 dent H^'usdale's Inaugural Address — The Financial Condition — The 
 President's Salary — Lathrop Cooley — Alanson Wilcox — The Annual 
 Reports of President Hinsdale, 1870- 1882 — What These Reports Re- 
 veal—A New Boarding Hall — Financial Agent— Alvah Udall, Esq. 
 — Biographical Sketch — Trustees of this Period — President Hins- 
 dale's Literary Work — Close of His Administration — A Crisis in 
 College Affairs pp. 209-254 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Hiram College— A Crisis and How it was Met— 1883-1888. 
 
 The Old Traditions to the Front— Special Biblical Instruction- 
 Election of B. S. Dean, Vice President— Biographical Sketch— Find- 
 ing a President— Help from the Ministerial Association — Committee 
 of Trustees— Mr. King Declines the Offered Presidency — ^Vice Pres- 
 ident Dean's Report— The Need of Larger Buildings — Financial 
 Condition — Election of G. H. Laughlin President, with Biographical 
 Sketch — President Laughlin's Annual Reports, 1884-1887— Close of 
 His Administration — Completion of New Buildings — Mr. Teachout's 
 Resolution in 1886 — The Building Committee — O. C. Atwater — D. 
 H. Beaman — W. H. C. Newington — Dedication of the New Building 
 — Mr. Teachout's Address and Report — Address of Rev. Jabez Hall 
 — Address of William Bowler — Other Addresses — A Great Day — 
 A Financial Agent's Experiences — Dr. W. A. Belding — W. J. Ford — 
 Lathrop Cooley — Alanson Wilcox — O. C. Atwater — Looking for a 
 New President — Prof. C. Bancroft, Chairman of the Faculty — Elec- 
 tion of E. V. Zollars — Thanks to Prof. Bancroft — Getting Ready for 
 the New Administration pp. 255-292 
 
 CHAPTER VIIL 
 Hiram College — Administration of E. V. Zollars — 1888-1900. 
 
 Essential Elements in a College President — E. V. Zollars, a good 
 selection — Mr. Zollars accepts the position — A character sketch of E. 
 V. Zollars and Chronology — Faculty 1888-1900 — The annual reports 
 of President Zollars, 1889- 1900 — Character of annual reports — Inter- 
 esting statistics, 1867-1888 — Hiram President's hard workers — Gen- 
 eral Catalog in 1888 — College papers: The Hiram Student — Hiram 
 College Star — Hiram College Advance — The Spider Web — The Lo- 
 gomathean Society — The Garfield Society — The Alethean Society — 
 Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A.— The Student Volunteer Band— The 
 Ohio Hiram College Association — Hiram Association of Cleveland 
 —Athletics — Miller Hall— Hiram Summer School — The New Y. M. 
 C. A. Building — Hiram Conservatory of Music — Eugene Feuchtin- 
 ger, with sketch — Hiram in 1850 and 1900 — What has been done for 
 the College — Committee on Permanent Endowment — The plan 
 adopted — The final report — Oliver Cans Hertzog — The Phillips 
 Ministerial Loan Fund — Biographical sketch of T. W. Phillips — A 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Cottage for Young Women— Sketch of Dr. Henry Gerould— The 
 "Hiram House," Cleveland, O.— Brief sketches of Hiram Faculty 
 for 1900, E. L. Hall, H. M. Page, H. McDiarmid, E. E. Snoddy, 
 C. T. Paul, Marcia Henry, F. H. Kirkpatrick, Miss Kate S. Parmly, 
 Clara Louise Whissen, Wm. A. MacKenzie, Emma Johnson Dean, 
 Allie Mabel Dean, Emma O. Ryder — Courses of Study — Commence- 
 ment Week 1900— The Program— C. L. Loos, H. C. White, A. B. 
 Philputt, J. H. Garrison, J. A. Lord, T. W. Phillips, B. A. Hinsdale, 
 Jessie Brown Pounds— Conclusion pp. 293-354 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hiram College Alumni — Principals of the Primary Department 
 of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute — The Board of Trustees 
 — Presidents of the Board — Secretaries of the Board — Treasurers 
 of the Board — Members of the Board of Trustees, 1850-1900 — W. J. 
 Ford— C. B. Lockwood— T. W. Phillips— J. L. Parmly— A. Teach- 
 out — Lathrop Cooley — William Bowler — Other Members of the 
 Board of 1900 — Albert Allen — Thomas N. Easton — Occupations — A 
 Statement of Account by W. J. Ford — B. F. Waters — First Circular 
 Advertisement of W. R. E. Institute — Aaron Davis a Solicitor — 
 The First Subscription Paper — Sketch of A. Teachout — Faculty 
 Meetings — Courses of Study in Hiram College — College Degrees — 
 The First Meeting of the Stockholders — Eminent Representatives 
 of the Eclectic Period — F. M. Green, chronology — The Capital A 
 and Garfield's Ohio Life — Reminiscences by J. G. Coleman, O. C. 
 Atwater, A. Wilcox and W. J. Ford — The Mormon Episode at Hi- 
 ram — Hiram Soldiers — Tributes to Burke Aaron Hinsdale by C. B. 
 Lockwood, C E. Henry, H. S. Chamberlain, H. R. Cooley, E. B. 
 Wakefield, George H. Colton, William H. Maxwell, Aaron Gove, 
 Francis F. Brown, President James B. Angell, and Dr. William T. 
 Harris — Bibliography of Dr. Hinsdale pp. 355-425 
 
History of Hiram College* 
 
 (MIAP'IMCK L 
 
 Tfiic Tncici'tion and T''()(jni)in(; ok tiiic Eclectic. 
 
 1840-50. 
 
 In the year 1H4!) iIh^ rc^li^i^ious body known as Dis- 
 ciples of Christ, or siirif)ly Christians, was very active on 
 the Western Reserve. The (hstinctive [)rinc.iplcs of the 
 
 movemt^nt whirli they followed and 
 Preliminary. , . , . i i i ,i .1 .4 1» r 
 
 whi( h was styled by tlnuu the i<.efor- 
 
 mation" were a return to the primitive Christianity of the 
 
 Apostolic A{!^e, the setting? aside of chinxh creeds and 
 
 traditionary theolo}j;y, and the use of the Holy Scriptures 
 
 alone as authority in matters of faith and practice. Rcaliz- 
 
 \n^ the value of (education to this movement Alexander 
 
 Cam[)lKill, f)ne of itsi)rineipal Iead(M"s, had foinided liethany 
 
 college among tin; Iiills of the; fan Handle in what is now 
 
 West Virginia in IH4(). * 1'his institution, the only one 
 
 among the Disci [)les, had already enjoyed nine years of 
 
 *'IMie Snslilufiou vvriH opened f(jr tlic reception of College Stu- 
 dcnlrt October iilHl, 18 IJ. 
 
A HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 prosperous life, and its influence had no doubt kindled 
 longings for similar undertakings in other places. But 
 Bethany was hard to reach in those days of primitive 
 travel, and, besides, very few people, among any of the 
 religious bodies— or outside of them for that matter — could 
 afford to send their children to distant schools or colleges. 
 Possibly the situation of the institution on the slavery side 
 of the Ohio may have supplemented the physical obstacles 
 to its access with sentiments likely to arise in a community 
 where New England ancestry and tradition were so pro- 
 nounced. 
 
 Be this as it may, the Disciples in north-eastern Ohio 
 wanted a school of their own and they wanted it in an 
 environment congenial both to their tastes and their 
 pocket-books. Time and place were very favorable to 
 such a measure. The Western Reserve had proven a rich 
 soil for the growth of the principles of the Reformation. 
 The evangelistic labors of Walter Scott, Calvin Smith and 
 other pioneer preachers had resulted in numerous churches 
 whose flourishing membership seemed a promising constit- 
 uency to which to appeal for financial aid. Moreover as 
 the reformatory movement was a popular one, many men 
 of much natural ability but without the poise and polish 
 of education had entered the ranks of the ministry, and 
 leading Disciples felt the force of occasional thrusts from 
 denominational opponents against a body that permitted 
 men to preach who had not graduated from some theo- 
 logical school, or from any school at all. However the 
 general interests of education probably had more weight 
 than the absence of merely theological training, seeing 
 that the Disciples had brushed away creeds and insisted 
 on a face to face study of the Bible. 
 
 It was a time, too, of general educational awakening 
 all over the country. There was a rustling in the air, a 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. 5 
 
 going among the mulberry trees whose direction could not 
 be mistaken, and which was calling people away from 
 clearing the woods and building homes to the mental and 
 moral welfare of their children. The Ohio public school 
 system, as it exists now, was just beginning to advance to 
 something definite and orderly, but the high school had 
 not yet thrown its shadow across the old fashioned acad- 
 emy, several of which, more or less under religious con- 
 trol, flourished on the Reserve. Hudson and Oberlin 
 colleges had both been founded on the Reserve and most 
 all the leading religious denominations had colleges in 
 various parts of the state. Then, too, the enginery of 
 that great inventive and literary period that occupies the 
 latter half of this century had gotten well under way and 
 men were beginning to feel the jar of its mighty pulsa- 
 tions. 
 
 Just where and how long the first impulses were stir- 
 ring that gave rise to the Eclectic Institute, it is hard to 
 tell. All records and notes of primary meetings held to 
 originate it have perished or become 
 Early Impulses. scattered beyond recall. All that can 
 be said accurately is that A. S. Hayden, Wm. Hayden, 
 Isaac Errett, and other pioneer preachers and representa- 
 tive men among the Disciples had been exchanging views 
 upon the matter for several years prior to 1849. 
 
 In those days of imperfect and precarious postal ser- 
 vice, and absence of the religious convention system of 
 later times the yearly meeting of the Disciples was an in- 
 stitution of great importance. This 
 The Yearly institution originated on the Reserve 
 
 ee ing. ^^^ ^^^ peculiar to the Reformation. 
 
 It was the legitimate successor of the annual meetings 
 of the Mahoning Association of Baptist Churches 
 that flourished on the Reserve in the decade between 
 
6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 1820-1830. *This Association was dissolved in the 
 latter year at Austintown, Ohio, but the yearly meeting 
 was continued by the reformers and was for many years 
 the principal means of gathering preachers and people 
 into a sort of convention for preaching the gospel and re- 
 porting and discussing the progress of the church. It 
 was the religious occasion of the whole year. Coming in 
 the warm weather and in the season of good roads it was 
 accessible from all parts of the country and was attended 
 by great crowds of people. It had none of the objection- 
 able features of the old fashioned camp-meeting and was 
 in no way its descendant. It generally began on Friday 
 afternoon with services in the church of the local congre- 
 gation where the meeting was held. On Sunday the ser- 
 vices were held in the woods or groves, the weather per- 
 mitting and consisted of a morning and an afternoon 
 sermon, the communion service preceding the latter. 
 The people who came for milesf were lodged with the 
 brethren, houses and even barns generally being filled to 
 overflowing. On Monday forenoon the meeting broke 
 up. The majority of the preachers and representative 
 church members from over broad districts were generally 
 
 *The Association referred to was held in Austintown in August, 
 1830. It was held in the first meeting-house erected by the Disciples 
 on the Western Reserve, The motion to dissolve the Association was 
 made by John Henry, who said : — " We want nothing here which the 
 word of the Lord will not sanction." It was an " advisory " associa- 
 tion — not legislative. The motion carried with great enthusiasm, and 
 the assembly v/as manifestly in favor of demolition. Mr. Alexander 
 Campbell then proposed that the brethren meet annually, hereafter, 
 for preaching the gospel, for mutual edification, and for hearing re- 
 ports of the progress of the cause of Christ. This was unanimously 
 approved. Thus ended the Association and thus began the yearly 
 meeting system which still remains in force in some parts of the 
 Western Reserve. 
 
 tMany had come as far as forty or fifty miles to this (the meeting 
 at Austintown in 1830) feast of love. — Hist, of W. Reserve^ p. 297. 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. ^ 
 
 to be found at the yearly meeting so that in addition to 
 its primary function of presenting the plea of the Dis- 
 ciples to large congregations, it afforded ample opportunity 
 for that personal exchange of views and opinions denied 
 by the primitive condition of the country throughout most 
 of the year. 
 
 In June 1849, there was a yearly meeting held with 
 the church at Russell, Geauga Co., which is an important 
 one in the history of the Eclectic Institute. Presumably 
 
 consequent upon some informal discus- 
 The Meetine at . <. ^i ^- r ^-i i i ■**■ 
 
 „ jj sion of the question of the school, Mr. 
 
 A. L. Souie, one of the leading mem- 
 bers of the Russell church, suggested that the matter be 
 stated publicly, and that a call be made for all who were 
 interested to meet at his house on Monday morning, June 
 12th, 1849, at eight o'clock. A. Bentley, William 
 Hayden, A. L. Soule, Myron Soule, Benjamin Soule, 
 Anson Matthews, Zeb Rudolph, A. S. Hayden, W. A. 
 Lillie, Alanson Baldwin, E. Williams, F. Williams, E. B. 
 Violl, M. J. Streator, W. A. Belding, A. B. Green,^ 
 together with many others, met at Mr. Soule's house. 
 The meeting was entirely informal and views were freely 
 expressed. Mr. A. L. Soule was made chairman of the 
 meeting and Mr. A. S. Hayden secretary. The feeling 
 was entirely in favor of the school and a resolution was 
 passed to take steps toward founding it immediately. 
 The secretary was instructed to prepare an address to the 
 
 *Among the men who helped to lay the foundation for the 
 Eclectic Institute none bore a more exalted character, intellectually 
 and morally, than Almon B. Green. He was a great preacher and 
 teacher of men. In personal presence he was imposing and impress- 
 ive. He was about six feet in height, of light complexion and sandy 
 hair, and dark eyes which were full of expression. The verdict of 
 his contemporaries was unanimous as to his greatness as a preacher 
 and goodness as a man. He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, 
 January 12, 1808, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, March 31, 1886. 
 
8 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 churches on the subject and invite them to send delegates 
 to discuss it at a future meeting. This meeting at Rus- 
 sell was undoubtedly the first definite step toward found- 
 ing the Institute. 
 
 Mr. Hayden performed his duty 
 ^^ ,. ^ faithfully and the result was a delegate 
 
 XVl.66tlIlS'S. 
 
 meeting held in connection with the 
 yearly meeting at North Bloomfield, in the following 
 August, 1849. The object of this meet- 
 mg — to secure a fuller expression of the 
 people's views — ^was easily attained. There was high 
 enthusiasm in favor of the school and a vigorous demand 
 for another meeting to mature plans for it. 
 
 Delegates assembled again at Ravenna, October 3d, 
 1849. Dr. J. P. Robison, of Bedford, was chosen chair- 
 man of this meeting and Mr. A. S. Hayden again chosen 
 secretary. The lines of discussion were 
 drawn somewhat more sharply than at 
 Bloomfield. That the school should be established had 
 been practically settled, but where and of what kind re- 
 mained to be decided. Concerning these points Mr. Hay- 
 den says: 
 
 **The delegates discussed various questions, one of 
 which was the grade or rank of the contemplated institu- 
 tion. Two classes of views were represented. Some pro- 
 posed the founding of a college asserting our ability to 
 create an institution of that grade ; others were in favor 
 of establishing a school of high grade but not to clothe it 
 as first with collegiate powers. The latter views prevailed 
 and the sense of the convention was expressed nearly 
 unanimously in a resolution to that effect. The meeting 
 appointed five of its members a delegation to visit all 
 places that solicited the location of the school, to investi- 
 gate and compare the ground of their respective claims 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. 9 
 
 and to report at the next delegate meeting, when the 
 question of location was to be decided." Of this visiting 
 delegation Mr. Hayden has preserved the names of but 
 four : Aaron Davis, Zeb Rudolph, B. F. Perky and Wm. 
 Richards. Seven towns petitioned for the school — North 
 Bloomfield, Newton Falls, Hiram, Shalersville, Aurora, 
 Russell, and Bedford. 
 
 To all these towns the delegation went in the latter 
 part of the fall of 1849. There is a tradition of its visit 
 to Hiram which says that B. F. Perky was greatly 
 pleased with the beauty and healthfulness of the location, 
 and that he actually pointed out as a site for the building 
 the identical one afterward fixed upon. Other tradition 
 has it that Hiram was commended to the delegation by 
 the numerous springs of water that gushed out around 
 the hill; and another exceedingly comical one relates that 
 while the men were spying out the land the township 
 doctor drove by whose lank form, thin visage, and 
 starveling horse seemed to indicate no superfluous 
 amount of public patronage. ''Gracious!" exclaimed 
 one of the visitors, '*a township that can't afford sickness 
 enough to keep a doctor better than that is just the place 
 to put the school in. " Whatever truth maybe in such 
 stories it is safe to infer, from subsequent events, that the 
 visiting delegation did nothing prejudicial to the interests 
 of any of the contending towns but reported their respect- 
 ive claims clearly and left them to be discussed and de- 
 cided on their merits. 
 
 The meeting that received this report was held in 
 
 the Disciple church in Aurora, November 7th, 1849. It 
 
 was, from some points of view, the 
 
 Aurora. ^^^^ important of the four delegate 
 
 meetings, as it was, by far, the most spirited and conten- 
 tious. The probable decision of the location of the school 
 
10 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 awakened great interest and the meeting was well 
 attended. Thirty-one churches were represented by as 
 many delegates.* Besides these a large number of inter- 
 ested visitors came from various localities. The weather 
 preceding the meeting was fair, though the night of the 
 seventh of November set in rainy and stormy, very much 
 in keeping with the character of the proceedings them- 
 selves. 
 
 The report of the visiting delegation was discussed 
 throughout most of the day, and the discussion arose at 
 times to a point where Christian forbearance was 
 stretched to a dangerous tension. It was determined to 
 decide the location by ballot, and the balloting went on 
 far into the night. Rival claims went up and down in the 
 balance and it seemed likely that the meeting would break 
 up without coming to a decision. Four of the delegates, 
 wearied with the prolonged contest, went home before the 
 final vote was taken. The delegates from Hiram, Mr. 
 Carnot Mason and Mr. Hartwell Ryder, became 
 persuaded for some reason or other that Hiram's chances 
 were becoming hopeless, and after the twelfth ballot had 
 been taken, Mr. Mason, who all along had lamented the 
 acrimonious spirit of the proceedings, rose and in a very 
 short but dignified Christian speech announced that Hiram 
 would withdraw. This decision v/as met with vigorous 
 disapproval so that Mr. Mason finally consented to con- 
 
 *It is difficult, if not quite impossible now to enumerate each of 
 these churches and the name of its delegate, for the records of the 
 meeting are lost. The following partial list rests upon the memory 
 of some of the delegates and can hardly pretend to perfect accuracy: 
 Bloomfield, C.Brown; Ravenna, F.Williams; Bazetta, A.Davis; 
 Norton, A. B. Green; Euclid, A. S. Hayden ; Russell, A. L. Soule; 
 Shalersville, Eldredge; Bedford, J. P.Robison; Munson, J. G.Cole- 
 man; Mantua, Darwin Atv/ater; Solon, W. Richards; Aurora, A.V. 
 Jewett; Garrettsville, Zeb Rudolph; Hiram, Carnot Mason; Vv^ads- 
 worth, Almon Brown. 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. II 
 
 tinue Hiram in the contest. The struggle had now nar- 
 rowed down to Russell and Hiram, and on the very next 
 ballot, the thirteenth, the decision was made in favor of 
 Hiram by a vote of seventeen to ten. Speaking of this 
 incident, more than thirty years afterward at the Hiram 
 College reunion of 1880, Mr. Hayden said: 
 
 "When the delegate convention of thirty -one mem- 
 bers from thirty-one churches met in Aurora, November 
 7th, 1849, to decide the question of the location of the 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, and when the advo- 
 cates of the contesting locations, in a very Chicago style, 
 were pushing their claims, a speech delivered by Carnot 
 Mason was in my judgment, then and now, the means of 
 influencing the vote that gave the institution to Hiram."* 
 
 However true Mr. Hayden's judgment may be, it 
 must not be forgotten that Hiram did not enter the con- 
 test without substantial claims. These were, aside from 
 healthfulness of location, which might have been claimed 
 equally truly by other places — seclusion from large towns 
 and cities — a condition then deemed very desirable for 
 the life of studentsf — "a vigorous church that would 
 furnish the desired religious environment, and last but 
 
 *The three men to whose exertions the selection of Hiram was 
 principally due were Alvah Udall, Esq., Carnot Mason and Pelatiah 
 Allyn, Jr. That is, they roused up the people of Hiram and put the 
 town into such shape that it became a formidable contestant. Mr. 
 Udall seems first to have agitated the question. — Hinsdale, Historical 
 Discourse on Hiram Church. Note p. 40. 
 
 •(•"Let us expose our children to the virus of pestilence; let them 
 fall by the touch of the Asiatic scourge rather than expose them to 
 the moral effluvia that poison the great pathways of public travel." — 
 Announcement of First Session of Western Reserve Eclectic Institute^ 
 p. 12. 
 
 "Put your seminary on your own domain. Be owners of the soil 
 on which you dwell, and let the tenure of every lease and deed depend 
 on the express condition that nothing detrimental to the morals and 
 studies of youth be allovired on the premises." — Bishop Philander 
 Ckascy in Hist, of Higher Education in O. p. 93. 
 
la HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 not least a contingent subscription of four thousand dol- 
 lars — no mean inducement to the trustees of a school that 
 was not expected at its founding to cost more than twice 
 or thrice that sum."* 
 
 The meeting at Aurora adjourned to convene in 
 Hiram on the 20th of December, 1849. This was the last 
 of the delegate meetings and was especially marked by 
 two procedures ; the selection of the in- 
 Hiram. corporators of the Eclectic and the 
 
 drafting of its charter. The twelve men who incorporated 
 the institute were by the provisions of the charter to con- 
 stitute a provisional board of trustees until seven thou- 
 and dollars of the capital stock of the corporation should 
 be subscribed when they were to call a meeting of the 
 stockholders who were to elect a permanent board. The 
 names of these men are all found in the charter. The 
 committee that drafted this important instrument con- 
 sisted of Isaac Errett, Charles Brown and A. S. Hayden. 
 They were assisted by Judge King, of Warren. The 
 charter they prepared met the approval of the board with 
 a few slight alterations. The clause referring to the facts 
 and precepts of the Holy Scriptures as a basis for the 
 teaching of literature and science, especially moral science, 
 was inserted on the motion of William Hayden. The 
 name of the school, "Western Reserve Eclectic Institute," 
 was suggested by Isaac Errett. f The charter received 
 the sanction of the Ohio Legislature, March 1st, 1850. 
 
 As no trouble was expected in getting the charter the 
 corporators anticipated its arrival and met in Hiram the 
 day after their selection to organize — December 21st, 
 
 ^Hinsdale. — Garfield and Education^ p. 16. 
 tThen pastor of the church at North Bloomfield. 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. I3 
 
 1849. Carnot Mason was elected presi- 
 
 The First Meetings j >. /^ 1 -r. j 1 1 
 
 cf the Corporators. '^«°t' ^eb Rudolph, secretary; 
 Symonds Ryder, treasurer ; and William 
 Hayden was appointed a solicitor for funds. A building 
 committee was also appointed. This committee was 
 Pelatiah Allyn, Jr., Zeb Rudolph, Carnot Mason, 
 Jason Ryder and Alvah Udall. The first two of 
 these men were practical carpenters and afterward ren- 
 dered substantial aid on the Institute building. The 
 natural business ability of Esq. Alvah Udall as he was 
 called placed him at the head of this committee and the 
 rapidity with which the edifice was planned and completed 
 was largely due to his untiring energy. This meeting 
 also adopted a seal for the institution the design of which 
 was — a vignette, a dove with an olive branch in its beak, 
 its wings half raised, resting on the open Bible, with the 
 motto, "Let there be light." 
 
 On the 12th of February the corporators met 
 again, adopted a plan for the building, and empowered 
 the building committee to make a contract with Thomas 
 F. Young for the north part of his farm containing about 
 fifty-four acres* for the use of the Institution. Although 
 not a member of the building committee one of the most 
 active men in negotiating this business was Mr. Aaron 
 Davis, one of the incorporators and one of the five who 
 had composed the delegation sent by the Ravenna meet- 
 ing to view the proposed locations of the school. Mr. 
 Young was not desirous to sell his land and had about dis- 
 couraged even Esq. Udall himself. But Mr. Davis, like 
 the importunate widow, persevered until finally success- 
 ful. This piece of land was afterward surveyed by the 
 county surveyor and laid out into lots and the plat of the 
 
 *The records at Ravenna show fifty-six and a fraction. 
 
14 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 survey recorded. These lots were mostly all sold, a plat 
 of something over seven acres being reserved in which 
 the building was erected. This plat is now the college 
 campus, and is second in beauty and attractiveness to 
 none in the state. 
 
 The extreme northern part of the farm bought by the 
 building committee contained a valuable stone quarry. 
 Here the stone was procured for the foundation of the 
 first building and the erection of later buildings owes 
 much to the same source. 
 
 On the 7th day of May, 1850, the 
 First Meeting Board met under the following charter. 
 ^, ^ It legalized its proceedings of the pre- 
 
 vious two meetings by adopting them. 
 
 AN ACT TO INCORPORATE 
 
 The Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. 
 
 Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the 
 State of Ohio^ That George Pow, Samuel Church, Aaron 
 Davis, Isaac Errett, Carnot Mason, Zeb Rudolph, 
 Symonds Ryder, J. A. Ford, Kimball 
 Porter, William Hayden, Frederick 
 Williams, A. S. Hayden, and such other persons as may 
 hereafter become associated with them, be and they are 
 hereby created a body corporate and politic, by the name 
 and style of the "Western Reserve Eclectic Institute" to 
 be located in the township of Hiram, in the county of 
 Portage, and by that name they shall have perpetual 
 succession, and possess all the incidental powers and 
 privileges of similar corporations; provided the capital 
 stock of said corporation shall not exceed fifty thousand 
 dollars to be divided into shares of twenty-five dollars 
 each and used for no other purpose than the instruction 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. 15 
 
 of youth of both sexes in the various branches of litera- 
 ture and science, especially of moral science, as based on 
 the facts and precepts of the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 Sec. 2. That said corporation shall be capable in 
 law of receiving, acquiring, and holding either by gift, 
 grant, purchase, devise or otherwise, any real or personal 
 estate, and of improving, selling, or otherwise disposing 
 of the same for the benefit of said Institution. 
 
 Sec. 3. That the corporate concerns of said Institute 
 be managed by a board of trustees consisting of not 
 less than nine or more than twelve members, to be chosen 
 as hereinafter specified, one of whom shall be elected 
 President, any five of whom shall form a quorum for doing 
 business; they shall have power to fill all vacancies which 
 may occur in their own board by death, resignation or 
 refusal to serve, which appointments shall be valid until 
 the next annual election ; said board of trustees shall have 
 power to appoint a treasurer, secretary, and such other 
 officers and agents as they may deem necessary and pre- 
 scribe their duties; employ such professors and teachers, 
 allow them such compensation, and continue them such 
 length of time as they may judge proper, regulate the 
 government and the admission of the students of said In- 
 stitute; expel any disorderly student, require satisfactory 
 bonds of any of their officers or agents for the faithful 
 discharge of their respective trusts, prescribe the mode of 
 obtaining subscriptions to the capital stock and the terms 
 and conditions of payment thereof, and all other measures 
 necessary for the establishment and efficient management 
 of said Institute. 
 
 Sec. 4. All deeds and other instruments of writing 
 that may be required to carry into effect any contract 
 made by the board of trustees shall be executed by the 
 President and sealed with the corporate seal which may be 
 adopted by said corporation. 
 
l6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Sec. 5. That the corporators named in the first sec- 
 tion of this act, or so many of them as may choose to act 
 shall have power to open books for the subscription of the 
 capital stock of said corporation, and exercise all the 
 power conferred upon the board of trustees, until they 
 shall have obtained subscriptions to the amount of seven 
 thousand dollars, when it shall be their duty to call a 
 meeting of the stockholders at some convenient place in 
 the town of Hiram, notice of which meeting shall be 
 given to said stockholders at least ten days previous to 
 said meeting. At such called meeting, the stockholders 
 shall proceed to elect not less than nine nor more than 
 twelve suitable persons to constitute the first board of trust- 
 ees, one-third of whom shall be designated by the ballots 
 electing, as holding said trust for one year, one-third for 
 two years, and one-third for three years from the date of 
 their next annual election; each stockholder being en- 
 titled at all elections, one vote in person or by proxy, for 
 every share of stock owned by him ; provided that no 
 stockholder shall have more than four votes for one hun- 
 dred dollars, six votes for two hundred dollars, seven 
 votes for three hundred dollars, and eight votes for four 
 hundred dollars or more; provided also that no stock- 
 holder shall be entitled to vote at any annual election, on 
 stock which has not been paid up according to the require- 
 ments of the board of trustees. 
 
 Sec. 6. That the annual meeting of the stockholders 
 for the election of a board of trustees or such portion 
 thereof as may be vacant shall be held in the township of 
 Hiram on the last Tuesday of June in each and every 
 year, or such other day as the board of trustees may ap- 
 point of which they shall give due notice to the stock- 
 holders; but a failure to elect on said day, shall not work 
 a dissolution of the corporation, but the trustees then in 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. T*J 
 
 office may call a meeting for that purpose at any future 
 day, and hold their offices until others are appointed in 
 their places, and in case the stockholders still shall fail to 
 meet, then the remaining trustees shall elect the number 
 of new trustees necessary to fill up the board and con- 
 tinue to do so from year to year until the stockholders 
 shall again meet and resume the exercise of their power. 
 Sec. 7. The board of trustees shall have power to 
 make such by-laws for the efficient management of the 
 Institution as they may deem necessary and prescribe the 
 mode of transferring the shares of said capital stock. 
 Dated March 1st, 1850. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. LEITER, 
 Speaker of the House of Representatives* 
 
 CHARLES C. CONVERS, 
 
 Speaker of the Senate. 
 
 As subscriptions were slow in being made the Board, 
 at this meeting proceeded to strengthen the force of solic- 
 itors. It ordered a circular to be prepared giving 
 general information regarding the plan of the school, and 
 appointed Isaac Errett and A. S. Hayden a committee to 
 negotiate for a Principal. Mr. Zeb Rudolph resigned the 
 office of secretary and Dr. Lyman W. Trask was elected 
 to succeed him. The Doctor was one of the most faithful 
 and efficient secretaries that ever served the Board of 
 Trustees and when he died in 1862, after holding the office 
 twelve years, a resolution passed by that body bore testi- 
 mony to the efficient manner in which he had discharged 
 his duties. 
 
 In the mean time the building committee had been 
 hard at work. December, 1849, had not ended when Esq. 
 Udall made a long journey to R.ootstown to conduct ne- 
 
l8 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 gotiations for the brick and stone-work 
 The First ^^ ^^^ building with Mr. W. A. Hol- 
 
 Building. , ^ . . 
 
 comb, a stone-mason of that township. 
 
 Mr Holcomb came up to Hiram in January, 1850, driv- 
 ing in a sleigh over the round-about route by way of 
 Ravenna and Garrettsville. He stayed over night and 
 met the building committee at the home of Esq. Udall. 
 On the next day, after looking over the ground, he re- 
 turned home to figure on the building. The result was 
 that he came back to Hiram about April 1st, 1850, bring- 
 ing with him twenty-one workmen, a man and wife to do 
 the cooking, and two cows. He put up a shanty near a 
 spring on the east side of the north and south center road 
 near the present home of Mr. Lester Bennett. Here he 
 made his headquarters and boarded his hands.* 
 
 The plan of the building adopted by the Board at the 
 meeting of February 12th, 185C, had been presented by a 
 Mr. Sweet of Farmington, but Mr. Hayden says the draw- 
 ings followed by Mr. Holcomb were from the pencil of an 
 architect, J. N. Skinner. Whatever this may mean, it is 
 certain that the old Eclectic building was in its form and 
 arrangements similar to that of the Western Reserve 
 Seminary still standing (1900) in the village of West 
 Farmington, but a much finer building. Mr. Holcomb was 
 to oversee all the brick and stone-work, receiving for his 
 services $2.25 per day. The workmen were paid $1.25 per 
 day. Most of the wood-work was done by Pelatiah Allyn 
 and Zeb Rudolph. The brick were burned expressly for the 
 purpose down on the banks of the creek on the farm of Esq. 
 Udall. The workmen engaged in this part of the service 
 were under the direct supervision of the Squire himself. It 
 
 *The spring referred to is hardly known to present day Hiram 
 students, as it lies west of the walk and is covered with a large stone. 
 Mr. Bennett however pipes water from it to his house. 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. I9 
 
 is almost needless to say that no better brick ever went into 
 a building. It, no doubt, sounds odd to this generation to 
 read in the old records, ''resolved the building be made of 
 brick;" but such a thing was not then a matter of course. 
 Several of the prominent academies on the Reserve could 
 boast of nothing but frame, and outside of the towns brick 
 houses were not common, The question of a frame build- 
 ing had been suggested in the Board, but Mr. Carnot Mason, 
 the president, urged a building that would give tone and 
 dignity to the whole enterprise. 
 
 The summer of 1850 was exceptionally fine. Only 
 one slight interruption occurred to interfere with Mr. 
 Holcomb's progress. Simultaneously with the work he 
 was doing at Hiram, a large brick building for a factory 
 was going up at Kent. The promoters of this enterprise 
 by offering twenty-five cents more per day for brick-layers 
 created dissatisfation among Mr. Holcomb's workmen, and 
 for a short time a real strike seemed imminent. The wis- 
 dom and sagacity of Esq. Udall came to the rescue and a 
 compromise was affected that proved entirely satisfactory. 
 Autumn brought with it a large crop of apples, and the 
 orchard on the Institute land was loaded with the fruit. 
 The building stood just on the south edge of this orchard 
 and, as October drew to a close, the high dome that 
 crowned it began to tower into the view of the surround- 
 ing country — the cynosure of all eyes. Judge tl. C.White 
 thus records his first impressions of it. 
 
 "I first entered Hiram in December, 1850. My ap- 
 proach was from the west, and my first glimpse of the new 
 building was just at the close of a clear, crisp winter day. 
 I had ridden all the way from Cleveland in a sleigh, and 
 as we rose over the shoulder of the hill out of the Cuya- 
 hoga valley, on the road from Mantua, the last rays of 
 the sun were flashed back from the new cupola on the 
 
20 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 *oid Eclectic.'^ The scattering village was strung along 
 the highway we traveled and as the lofty Institute north 
 of the village burst upon us, village and all seemed trans- 
 figured in the glow of the setting sun. If ever you sav,r 
 an old 'Webster's Spelling Book' of that date, you will re- 
 member that the frontispiece was the picture of an im- 
 possible Temple of Fame set upon a steep and rugged 
 mountain side with a youth struggling up toward the high 
 portal. That 'Speller' had been my last text-book and 
 there before me was the counterpart and realization of 
 that picture." 
 
 Many a country boy who saw the building then for 
 the first time, and who came to visit it again long after 
 he had seen 
 
 * The vision of the world, and the wonder that would be" 
 was surprised and grieved to see how its magnificent pro- 
 portions had dwindled in the intervening years. It v/as 
 a great building for that day. Mr. Hayden described it 
 in extravagant terms, deeming it no violation of taste to 
 draw his imagery from the effort of the great Solomon 
 himself. 
 
 "The edifice is three stories high;f the first story of 
 freestone of a beautiful reddish color. The next two are 
 high stories of brick. The material of its perfect walls is 
 unsurpassed in beauty and durability. The height of the 
 walls from the ground to the eaves is forty-one feet ; to 
 the ridge, fifty feet. The cupola is nineteen feet high, 
 surmounted by a dome twelve feet in diameter and seven 
 and one-half feet elevation. The building is put up on a 
 beautiful and tasteful model more neat and elegant than 
 
 *The dome remained for a long time unpainted and its bright 
 tin always flashed back the rays of the setting sun. General Garfield 
 said he felt exceedingly sorry when the first coat of paint was put on. 
 
 tMr. Hayden calls the basement a story. 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. 21 
 
 shovvy. It presents a front from the extremity of 
 the wings of eighty-four feet, with a rear extension of 
 sixty-four feet ; the wings are twenty-two by twenty-four 
 feet; of the same height as the main walls, and set 
 back three feet from the front end of it, relieving the 
 prospect from a continuous unbroken front. Like the 
 temple on Mt. Moriah, one large eastern entrance leads 
 into its spacious rooms." 
 
 Mr. Hayden was right in much of his eulogy.* Good 
 material and good work were both put into the building. 
 The walls with the exception of a few slight cracks, made 
 by the weight of another wall on top of them — part of 
 the addition of 1886 — now remain, after fifty years, as 
 smooth as when they received the last stroke of Mr. Hol- 
 comb's trowel. 
 
 The Hiram that saw this imposing structure rise in 
 
 its midst was a mere country cross roads. At or near the 
 
 immediate center stood about a dozen houses. The 
 
 dwelling of Thomas F. Young con- 
 Hiram in 1850. ... , ^ rr .11 
 tammg the post office stood on the 
 
 northwest corner. On the southwest corner Ltood the 
 
 frame Disciple church burned in 1856. On the corner east 
 
 of the church — the south-east corner — was the old stone 
 
 school house known later in Hiram parlance as *'the 
 
 Jug." On the northeast corner were a small house and 
 
 barn belonging to a Mr. Fitch. There were two blacksmith 
 
 shops just west of the cross-roads. A Methodist church 
 
 occupied the site of the present Y. M. C. A. building. 
 
 North and west of the Methodist church was the plat of 
 
 land purchased for the Institute. In the north and east 
 
 part of this plat was the orchard already referred to — a 
 
 favorite place in after years for holding Commencements. 
 
 * Announcement of the first session of the Eclectic, p. 13. 
 
22 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Two or three trees belonging to this old orchard are still 
 standing (1900) just west of Bowler Hall. A little north 
 and extending west from the orchard was the stone 
 quarry. A rail fence ran just south of the orchard sepa- 
 rating it from a piece of cultivated land. The very first 
 work ever done toward the Institute building was to re- 
 move this fence in order that Ozias Allyn to whom Mr, 
 Holcomb had given the contract might begin digging the 
 foundation. There were no stores at the "Center," as it 
 was called. To buy even a pound of nails required a trip 
 to Garrettsville, if not to the remoter towns of Shalersville 
 or Ravenna.* A weekly mail straggled through the 
 village coming, sometimes by way of the east and west 
 center road from Warren or Cleveland, at other times on 
 the north and south roads from Parkman and points be- 
 yond. Mr. T. F. Young, who had been appointed post- 
 master by Postmaster General Meigs in 1816, and contin- 
 ued in the office till his death in 1852 distributed this mail 
 not only to residents of the township but to many who 
 came from points far beyond the ** Rapids, " north, and 
 over the line of Freedom, south. There was no hotel — 
 this hospitable service being rendered by the household of 
 Mr. Young whenever it became necessary. 
 
 The coming of the school, aside from the social 
 changes to be spoken of later, worked some curious phy- 
 sical changes that appear in the various transformations 
 through which some of the original houses of the village 
 of 1850 have passed. The stone school house was aban- 
 doned in 1858 and became the wagon shop of Levi Bishop. 
 A few years ago, its present owner converted it into an 
 ice-house. The Fitch house was modeled and remodeled 
 
 ♦Shalersville at this time was one of the most flourishing towns in 
 the county and contained a store claimed to rival any in Ravenna, 
 
INCEPTION AND FOUNDING OF THE ECLECTIC. 23 
 
 and finally became a good sized boarding-house long 
 known in the history of Hiram as "Ingleside. " It is now 
 known as the "Murray" house. Fitch's barn was moved 
 a few rods to the north and made over into a dwelling 
 house. Students whose name is legion roomed in it from 
 time to time and it was dignified by the name of "Sunny- 
 side." One of the college professors made it his home for 
 several years and it finally became the of^ce of the village 
 doctor which purpose it still serves. One of the two 
 blacksmith shops was long known to later generations of 
 students as the home of old Granny Diehl. It stood as 
 late as hallowe'en night in 1895 when it was burned 
 down. The old Methodist church, on the disbanding of 
 the congregation, became the property of the township 
 and after being used for a long time for a town hall was 
 removed to its present site in the western part of the village 
 and made into a livery stable where, 
 
 '* Stamp of foot and neigh of hackney horse 
 
 Have taken the place of sermons, hymns and prayers." 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Period of EsTx\blishment and First Admin- 
 istration. 1850- 1857. 
 
 The first session and first term of the Western Re- 
 serve Eclectic Institute began Wednesday, November 
 27th, 1850. It was a day which had been 
 eginni g. ardently wished for by those who had 
 been prominent in the inception and founding of the Insti- 
 tution, and by those who were to be its first patrons. 
 
 The building, in the erection of which Jason Ryder, 
 Carnot Mason, Alvah Udall, Zeb Rudolph, and Pelatiah 
 
 AUyn, Jr., had given of their time, their 
 The Building. 1 ^1 • • ^ n- 1 -u 
 
 money, and their mtelligence as a build- 
 ing commitee, was not yet completed; but "a, full suite of 
 rooms was ready for the reception of students." 
 
 The building as it finally stood complete, is enthusiasti- 
 cally described as follows : "The edifice is three stories 
 high; the first story of free stone, of a beautiful reddish 
 color. The next two are high stories of brick. The ma- 
 terial of its perfect walls is unsurpassed in beauty and dura- 
 bility. The height of the walls from the ground to the 
 eaves is 41 feet; to the ridge, 50 feet. The cupola is 19 feet 
 high, surmounted by a dome 12 feet in diameter, and of 
 seven and one-half feet elevation. The building is put up 
 on a beautiful and tasteful model, more neat and elegant 
 than showy. It presents a front from the extremity of the 
 wings of 84 feet, with a rear extension of 64 feet. The 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 25 
 
 wings are 22 by 24 feet, of the same height as the main walls 
 of the edifice, and set back three feet from the front end of it, 
 relieving the prospect from a continuous and unbroken front. 
 Like the temple on Mount Moriah, one large eastern entrance 
 leads into its spacious rooms. Passing the first door, you are 
 m the large reception hall, designed for the loose garments, 
 etc., of the pupils. The south wing at your left hand is the 
 Primary Department. At the other end of the hall in the 
 north wing is a capacious recitation room. Directly across 
 the hall, opposite the front door, is another, opening into 
 the principal school room, seated with five rows of double 
 desks. Here the whole school assemble at 8 o'clock A. M. 
 and after one hour spent in examination of sacred history, 
 and in music, they repair to the studies of the day."* 
 
 The site of the building and the scenery surrounding 
 
 may be recalled by a few descriptive sentences : "The site 
 
 commands a very extensive horizon, sur- 
 
 jL lie 
 
 Situati n rounding a varied and richly adorned 
 
 scenery, embracing a vast extent of well- 
 improved farm lands, lying in valleys and on upland slopes. 
 Several villages can be seen, and innumerable forest cov- 
 ered hills, rising one above another and fading away in the 
 dim distance."* Hiram scenery certainly deserved some 
 words of praise. "Seeing is believing; and with all the 
 changes that time has wrought, the landscape is still the 
 same. The woodlands have become fewer and smaller in 
 area, while the fields have expanded ; but then, as now, ver- 
 dure clothed the hills and the valleys in the spring-time, 
 while the chestnuts yellowed, the oaks and ashes browned, 
 the sassafras and the pepperidge reddened, and the maples 
 burst into scarlet and gold, as they have done in the autumn 
 
 ♦First Announcement and Catalogue. 
 
2.6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 for fifty succeeding years. The whippoorwill sang in the 
 
 woodside at evening then as he sings now.""' 
 
 The opening day of the new school was in the nature 
 
 of a thanksgiving service. Before the first classes were or- 
 
 s:anized a meeting: of the trustees, friends 
 The . 1 
 
 „. , ^ of the institution from abroad, and of 
 
 First Day. , ' 
 
 the citizens of Hiram, was held in the 
 old meeting-house, where the principles and objects of the 
 , school were ably and enthusiastically presented by William 
 r' Hayden, Almon B. Green, J. Harrison Jones, and others. 
 The speakers proclaimed it the completion of long cherished 
 purposes, and the realization of many anxieties and hopes 
 concerning ''this child of much consultation, prayer and 
 hope." In prophetic words it was declared, that "this hill 
 would yet become a Minerva, a center and source of light, 
 of literature, and of refinement. From this place would go 
 forth men of ample moral and mental growth, to fill stations 
 of honor and usefulness in all departments o£ social life. 
 The churches would send young men to gain here the skill 
 and power to plead the gospel, and to lift up the cause of 
 human redemption."! 
 
 After the exercises at the meeting-house, the prospec- 
 tive students to the number of eighty-four, the little band 
 of selected teachers, consisting of Amos Sutton Hayden, 
 Thomas Munnell, and Mrs. Phoebe Drake, the trustees, 
 prominent preachers among the Disciples, and a large num- 
 ber of the friends of the school, and citizens generally, re- 
 paired to the new building, where further preliminary 
 exercises were held "attendant on the nativity of the Eclec- 
 tic Institute." Before the classes were formed addresses 
 were made by A. S. Hayden, Thomas Munnell, J. H. Jones, 
 and Isaac Errett. 
 
 ♦Address of B. A. Hinsdale, June 22, 1900. 
 
 tEarlj History of the Disciples in the Western Reserve, p. 265. 
 
THE PERIOD OP ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 27 
 
 In view of the great energy and good taste of the 
 building committee in the erection of the building, the fol- 
 lowing resolution was offered by J. H. Jones and very en- 
 thusiastically adopted by the whole assembly: ''Resolved, 
 That we consider the edifice here erected and now nearly 
 completed, as admirably adapted to the purposes for which 
 it is designed, as it regards alike its capacity, its beautiful 
 and convenient model, and its tasteful and elegant style; 
 and also as evincing the eminent architectural skill of the 
 builders, and the very great energy of the building com- 
 mittee."* 
 
 The first teachers of the Eclectic Institute were A. S. 
 
 Hayden, at that time a distinguished preacher among the 
 
 ^ . . , Disciples, a man of good ability, of un- 
 Organizing the -, -11 1 r ,,, 
 
 School blemished character, of scholarly m- 
 
 stincts, of musical taste, and, perhaps, the 
 best fitted for the leading place in the new school of any 
 of his contemporaries; Thomas Munnell, a graduate of 
 Bethany College, a scholarly man, a competent teacher, a 
 good public speaker, and a cultivated gentleman; and Mrs. 
 Phoebe Drake, who possessed considerable experience as a 
 teacher and was well qualified to take charge of the Primary 
 Department. 
 
 A committee, which had been appointed for the pur- 
 pose, had outlined a provisional "course of study," and it 
 
 had been adopted. The school was di- 
 Course of • j 1 • 
 
 Study. vided mto three departments, a Primary, 
 
 a Higher, and a Highest, with the follow- 
 ing branches assigned to each : Primary — Spelling, Read- 
 ing, Writing, Arithmetic, Modern Geography, Grammar 
 (begun), Composition (begun), and Modern History. 
 Higher— English. Grammar, Ancient Geography, Logic and 
 
 *First Catalogue. 
 
28 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Rhetoric, Natural Philosophy, Bookkeeping, Uranography 
 (astronomy), Natural History, Physiology, Moral Science 
 and Evidences. 
 
 Highest — Latin Grammar, Greek Grammar, Greek 
 Reader, Arithmetic, Algebra, Higher Mathematics, Chem- 
 istry and Ancient History, Sacred History and Vocal 
 Music ; this latter to be taught to the whole school. 
 
 As this schedule was only provisional and temporary, 
 it was soon supcxxeded by a more pretentious — 
 
 "Course of Study." 
 
 The following, requiring three years for its completion, 
 has been adopted, as it realizes the designs of this insti- 
 tution : 
 
 FIRST YEAR. 
 
 Arithmetic Ray 
 
 Geography Mitchell 
 
 Grammar Wells 
 
 Philosophy Parker 
 
 Modern History Goodrich 
 
 Ancient Geography Mitchell 
 
 Sacred History The Bible 
 
 Elocution McGuffey 
 
 Latin Andrew's Latin Lessons, and Caesar 
 
 Algebra Ray 
 
 Watts on the Mind Emerson 
 
 SECOND YEAR. 
 
 English Analysis Green 
 
 Ancient and Modern History Willard 
 
 Physiology Cutter 
 
 Rhetoric Jamieson 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 29 
 
 Greek (begun) Kuhner 
 
 Virgil and Sallust Anthon 
 
 Astronomy Mattison's Burrit's 
 
 Algebra Bourdon 
 
 Geometry Davies 
 
 Sacred History (Con.) 
 
 French Collot's Series 
 
 Drawing and Painting 
 
 Music 
 
 Bookkeeping Crittenden 
 
 THIRD YEAR. 
 
 Trigonometry Davies 
 
 Mensuration Davies 
 
 Surveying Davies 
 
 Conic Sections Coffin 
 
 Mental Philosophy Upham 
 
 Moral Philosophy Wayland 
 
 Political Economy Wayland 
 
 Logic Whately 
 
 Cicero and Horace Anthon 
 
 Xenophon 
 
 Herodotus 
 
 Greek Testament and Septuagint 
 
 Chemistry Gray 
 
 Botany Wood 
 
 Geology St. John 
 
 Agricultural Chemistry Johnston 
 
 Butler's Analogy 
 
 Evidences of Christianity Paley 
 
 In choosing this course of instruction the demands of 
 the age have been kept in view. Any student not wishing 
 to remain three years may take those studies having refer- 
 
The Name. '^ 
 
 30 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ence to the occupation he chooses to follow. Our motto 
 is not, ''How Much, but How Well"* 
 
 This "eclectic" course was not followed very rigidly, 
 or systematically; but classes were organized as they were 
 called for, and it became necessary to enlarge the teaching 
 force. 
 
 The name "Western Reserve Eclectic Institute" was 
 suggested by Isaac Errett and readily adopted as a fitting 
 description of the scope and character of the new school. 
 A thing is called "eclectic" that claims 
 the right of freely choosing from all 
 sources. The original "eclectics" were Greek philosophers 
 who sought to construct a whole from the various and in- 
 congruous parts of different systems. In regard to the 
 Eclectic Institute the theory no doubt was that the school 
 should not be bound by any system already adopted or by 
 a stereotyped college curriculum ; but that its Principal and 
 Faculty should be free to choose the best of all systems as 
 they might be given the wisdom to see it. The Eclectic 
 Institute took no one school for its model. It did not adopt 
 wholesale, the ideas of schools east or west. It sought to 
 •choose the good from all, and aimed to furnish instruction 
 and educational discipline such as its patrons and the times 
 dem-anded. 
 
 The attendance of the school increased so rapidly that 
 new teachers were demanded, and the teaching force was 
 increased before the end of the first term, by the addition 
 of Charles D. Wilber and Miss Almeda 
 A. Booth. Norman Dunshee was added 
 soon after, and Laura A. Clark was associated with Mrs. 
 Drake in the Primary Department. During the seven 
 years ending with Mr. A. S. Hayden's administration in 
 
 *First Catalogue. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 3I 
 
 June, 1857, the following persons were published as teach- 
 ers. Some of them remained only a brief period; others 
 remained after they were chosen, until the end of and some 
 beyond, the Hay den administration : A. S. Hayden, Thomas 
 Munnell, Norman Dunshee, Charles D. Wilber, Almeda 
 Ann Booth, Mrs. Phoebe M. Drake, Laura A. Clark, Calista 
 O. Carlton, Amaziah Hull, James A. Garfield, Harriet E. 
 Wood, Harriet Warren, S. L. Hillier, J. B. Crane, Mrs. 
 Charlotte R. Crane, Miss Sarah Udall, Julia J. Smith, J. H. 
 Rhodes, G. C. Reed, Hannah S. Morton, Jennie A. Chapin, 
 Piatt R. Spencer, J. W. Lusk, H. W. Everest, and Mary At- 
 water. At one time the sons and daughters of P. R. Spencer 
 were associated with him in the Department of Drawing, 
 Painting and Penmanship. 
 
 Some of these passed over into succeeding adminis- 
 trations of the Institution, but the most of them completed 
 their work in Hiram during the first seven years. Several 
 of them reached a high eminence as teachers, and in char- 
 acter and life are worthy of the high honor in which they 
 have always been held by those who knew them best. Their 
 names are worthy of more than a passing notice. 
 
 The birthplace of Amos Sutton Hayden was Youngs- 
 town, Ohio. He was born September 17, 18 13. He died 
 at Collamer, Ohio, September 11, 1880. He was the young- 
 est child in a family of eight children, 
 ay en. seven of whom were sons. Plis father, 
 Samuel Hayden, came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1804. 
 His children were reared on the farm and inured to the 
 hardships and privations of a pioneer family's life. Amidst 
 such surroundings as existed in eastern Ohio in that early 
 day, the boyhood of A. S. Hayden was spent. He was of 
 slight frame and of a delicate physical organization, with 
 an eager mind and a moral tone which were the controlling 
 influences in his life. It was soon manifest that he pos- 
 
32 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 sessed the temper and disposition of the student rather than 
 that of the mechanic or farm laborer. Language and hter- 
 ature were more congenial to his taste than mathematics. 
 He was a great lover of books, especially religious books. 
 He never graduated from any college, and yet, he w^as a 
 good student, and by private study, became a fair scholar. 
 
 He became a Christian under the preaching of Walter 
 Scott, March 20, 1828; and in 1832 he began to preach, 
 being in his nineteenth year. For forty-eight years he re- 
 mained a faithful preacher of the Word of God. 
 
 March i, 1850, the Charter for the Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute was granted by "The General Assembly 
 of the state of Ohio;" and at the fourth meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees, held in Hiram July 17, 1850, a commit- 
 tee, of which Isaac Errett was chairman, reported in part as 
 follow^s : — "The Committee to whom vv^as referred the duty 
 of negotiating with some person to be Principal of the In- 
 stitute, report, — that they have had correspondence with 
 several individuals on the subject; among whom were Dr. 
 R. Richardson of Bethany, Va., Robert Milligan of Wash- 
 ington, Pa., and Samuel Church of Pittsburgh, Pa., with- 
 out, as yet, making any definite arrangement with any 
 person." 
 
 This report received "full discussion and considera- 
 tion ;" and it was finally, ''Resolved, That A. S. Hayden be 
 appointed Principal of the Institute." 
 
 Mr. Hayden accepted the position unanimously ten- 
 dered, and held the place until June, 1857. 
 
 After his connection with Hiram ceased, he was chosen 
 Principal of the "McNeely Normal School," at Hopedale, 
 Ohio, where he remained one year laboring in the double 
 capacity of Principal of the school and preacher for the 
 church. He resigned in August, 1859, ^"d returned to 
 Collamer, where, with the exception of short periods spent 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 33 
 
 at Eureka, Illinois, and in Hiram, he continued to reside 
 until his death September ii, 1880. 
 
 He was thirty-seven years old when he became Prin- 
 cipal of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute at Hiram. 
 He led the "foremost files" of the thousands of young 
 men and women who have made up its student list. He 
 did much, perhaps more than an}' other, to lay the founda- 
 tion of the school, honestly and solidly on the rock of 
 Christian truth and enterprise. The genial and inspiring 
 enthusiasm for what is true, for God and for man, and 
 the invincible prowess, and steady progress which have 
 manifested themselves, in the career of the Institution, over 
 all obstacles for fifty years, were very largely the result 
 of his wise and persevering labor. Others helped, and 
 without them, he could have done nothing; but his was the 
 one name that was always spoken in connection with the 
 **01d Eclectic." In the progress of the years other names 
 grew out of the earlier "Hiram fellowship" which over- 
 topped his ; but, after all, their glory in large degree, was 
 but the result of his loving watchfulness and faithfulness 
 tov/ard them, when they were the "little ones" of Hiram, 
 and he the center of all eyes. And so, the honest features 
 of the old Principal, teacher, pastor, preacher, and friend, 
 should be held in grateful and lasting remembrance. 
 
 Associated with Mr. Hayden at the beginning of the 
 
 school, was Thomas Munnell. He was the graduate, the 
 
 ^, scholar of the trio, which was chosen to 
 
 Thomas Munnell. .1.1^,1 r^ -r j 
 
 teach the nrst classes. On iuesday, 
 
 November 26, 1850, the Board of Trustees adopted the fol- 
 lowing resolution: "That Thomas Munnell be appointed a 
 teacher in the Institute." 
 
 One of the traditions that has come down from the 
 first day of the first session of the first term of the Institute, 
 
34 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 is that Thomas Munnell heard the first lesson ever recited 
 within the walls of the old building. 
 
 His Department embraced the teaching of Ancient 
 Languages; and History, ancient and modern. 
 
 In June, 1850, he had graduated from Bethany College 
 as one of the "honor men" of his class. Prof. B. A. Hins- 
 dale, speaking of him, says : ''Thomas Munnell was a grad- 
 uate of Bethany College, a scholarly man, a competent 
 teacher, a good public speaker, and a cultivated gentleman. 
 He came from beyond the Ohio river, and brought to Hiram 
 some flavor of southern manners and personal cultivation. 
 I never recited to him, but a friend who did says he was 
 a good drill-master, perhaps better than his colleagues. He 
 was here at two different times, but did not remain long 
 at either one."* 
 
 When Mr. Munnell left Hiram in 1853 the Board of 
 Trustees placed on record a resolution, thanking him ''for 
 the fidelity and ability with which his duties had been dis- 
 charged." 
 
 In his address on Almeda A. Booth delivered at Hiram 
 June 22, 1876, James A. Garfield related the following inci- 
 dent: "I came to the Eclectic in the fall of 1851, and a few 
 days after the beginning of the term, I saw a class of three 
 reciting in mathematics — geometry, I think. They sat on 
 one of the red benches, in the center aisle of the lower 
 chapel. I had never seen a geometry ; and, regarding both 
 teacher and class with a feeling of reverential awe, from 
 the intellectual height to which they had climbed, I studied 
 their faces so closely that I seem to see them now as dis- 
 tinctly as I saw them then. And it has been my good for- 
 tune, since that tim.e, to claim them all as intimate friends. 
 The teacher was Thomas Munnell ; and the m.embers of his 
 
 *Hiram Address, June, 1900. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 35 
 
 class were William B. Hazen, George A. Baker, and Al- 
 meda A. Booth."^ 
 
 In regard to Mr. Garfield's early student life at Hiram, 
 IVIr. Munnell is on record: 
 
 "Mt. Sterling, Ky,, December 23, 1881. 
 
 F. M. Green : Dear Sir — In compliance with your re- 
 quest, I send you the following fact concerning Garfield as 
 a student. I belonged to the first Faculty of Hiram Col- 
 lege — ^the Eclectic Institute then — and in November, 1850, 
 heard the first lesson ever recited within its walls, and, 
 therefore, knew the general impression made by the noble 
 student when "he first appeared upon the campus, and, 
 especially in the professors' rooms. 
 
 When he arrived he had studied a little of Latin gfram- 
 mar, but had done nothing in the way of translating. I 
 had no class to suit him in elementary Latin, one being be- 
 hind him, and another far in advance. He resolved at 
 once to overtake the advanced class, provided I would hear 
 his recitation after class hours, which I readily agreed to 
 do. Teachers all know that an average lesson for an ordi- 
 nary student, beginning Caesar's Commentaries, is half a 
 page, while carrying on the usual number of other studies ; 
 but, on no occasion did Garfield come in to said recitations 
 without three pages of Caesar, or six ordinary lessons, and 
 then could go on further if I had time to hear him. His 
 method of getting a start, as he afterwards told me, was 
 resolute and determined. He went to a secluded place in 
 the college with his Caesar, dictionary, and grammar, and 
 undertook to translate the first paragraph of half a dozen 
 lines by writing down every Latin word, and under it 
 every definition of that word, till he found the one that 
 made the best sense, and when he had fairly made out, 
 
 *Address, Almeda A. Booth, Page 17. 
 
36 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 'All Gaul is divided info three parts' he thought his tri- 
 umph had begun; and when he had completed the whole 
 paragraph, he said, he *just knew that he knew it.' 
 
 This was in line with all his after studies, for he 
 always sought a conscious victory over every difficulty. 
 
 Truly yours, 
 
 Thomas Munnell."* 
 
 After Mr. Munnell left Hiram he was Principal of 
 academies at Williamsburg, New York, Mount Sterling, 
 Ky., and New Castle, Ky. He served, also, as pastor and 
 preacher for several churches among which was the historic 
 Church of Christ at the corner of 8th and Walnut streets, 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. Quite early he gave his attention to or- 
 ganized missionary work, among the Disciples of Christ. 
 He was for several years the Corresponding Secretary of 
 the "Kentucky Christian Missionary Society," and did 
 much to bring organized missionary work to the front in 
 that state. In 1869 he was elected Corresponding Secre- 
 tary of the "American Christian Missionary Society," and 
 served continuously in that office, until 1878, a period of 
 nine years. For this society he was a tireless worker ; and, 
 to him, perhaps, more than to any other man, is due the 
 present usefulness of that society. He was distinguished 
 for high intellectual and moral qualities. He was emphat- 
 ically a good man, and his intellectual equipment was of the 
 best quality. From the time of his graduation in 1850 
 until his death, his life was devoted to teaching and preach- 
 ing. He was not an orator, but he was a plain, practical, 
 instructive, and entertaining preacher. He had a tough, 
 bony frame, and a sharp, black eye, and was well organized 
 for great mental and physical exertion. He, also, wielded 
 
 *Life of Garfield, by F. M. Green, p. 99. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 37 
 
 a trenchant pen, and was always a formidable opponent to 
 any "knight of the quill," who attempted to dispute either 
 his positions or plans. He was born in Ohio county, West 
 Virginia, February 8, 1823, and died in Alma, Illinois, in 
 1898. His work was v/ell done, and his life, at last well- 
 closed. 
 
 November 26, 1850, the Board of Trustees, resolved, 
 
 "That Mrs. Phoebe M. Drake be appointed Principal of 
 
 the Primary Department." She accepted the position and 
 
 had charge of the Primary Department 
 
 Tyv. V. ^/r 't> 1 ^01* about one 37ear. But little biograph- 
 
 Phoebe M. Drake. ^ •' . or 
 
 ical material concerning Iier has been 
 
 preserved. She came to the position with *'much exper- 
 ience as a teacher, and was well qualified to preside over the 
 Department to which she was chosen." She was a good 
 and faithful woman, and a teacher whose name is worthy 
 of remembrance. Following her in the Primary Depart- 
 ment were Laura A. Clark, Calista O. Carlton, Harriet E. 
 Wood, Sarah Udall, and Mary Atwater. 
 
 Of these Sarah Udall remained the longest and left 
 the deepest impression on the Department. Her life his- 
 tory was brief but interesting. She was born in Susque- 
 hanna County, Pennsylvania, in 181 5, 
 and died in Warren, Ohio, in 1858, 
 While she was yet a child her parents removed to Jefferson, 
 Ohio, making the journey of four hundred miles through 
 the wilderness with a span of horses and a wagon. Soon 
 after coming to Jefferson she became a member of the 
 family of Hon. Joshua R. Giddings though she was never 
 legally adopted by him. But Mr. Giddings and his wife 
 were to her father and mother, and the Giddings homestead 
 was always her home. She attended school at Jefferson 
 and at the Female Seminary then located at Willoughby. 
 
38 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 She began her work of teaching, at the age of fifteen, in a 
 district school in Jefferson. As her ability became known, 
 her services were sought for in many places and she availed 
 herself of every advantage, teaching in different parts of 
 Ohio, and in Pennsylvania, thus widening her experience 
 and enlarging her circle of influence. There are letters 
 preserved by the Giddings family which prove the high 
 esteem in which she was held by them. Her letters to Mr. 
 Giddings during the exciting anti-slavery days, are beauti- 
 fully written, and show that she was well informed in po- 
 litical affairs. They are full of affectionate encouragem.ent 
 to that grand man who stood almost alone in Congress 
 strenuously contending for his faith. Under date of June 
 30, 1848, she wrote to him: "I was truly rejoiced at the 
 bold spirit you manifested. I am rejoiced that there is 
 one, at least, who dares, on the floor of Congress, to let 
 his voice be heard in the cause of right and justice. * * * 
 I cannot but hope that the time is near when there shall not 
 be one soul from the great lakes to the gulf but shall be 
 free." 
 
 In 1847 she came to Hiram and taught the center 
 school. When the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute 
 opened she entered as a student; and from 1853 to 1856 she 
 was Principal of the Primary Department. She was mar- 
 ried in April, 1857, to J. H. Goodale of Warren, Ohio. She 
 died in 1858 and her body was buried at Jefferson, near the 
 home of her childhood.* 
 
 Thomas Munnell and Charles D. Wilber became 
 
 teachers in Hiram about the same time, Mr. Munnell being 
 
 chosen first. In the record of the Board of Trustees, held 
 
 nu 1 T. wMK on Friday, May 30, 1851, it was "Re- 
 Charles D. Wilber. ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^.^^^^ ^^ ^p_ 
 
 pointed teacher of the Natural Sciences." The records of 
 *Letter of A. L. Arner, M. D., Jefferson, O. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 39 
 
 the Institute do not contain much concerning him; but 
 when he was chosen to teach the "Natural Sciences" he was 
 introduced as "a, young gentleman of fine attainments and 
 approved didactic ability." His health was not rugged 
 and within about one year he resigned his position as 
 teacher and left Hiram. In view of his ability and faith- 
 fulness, the Board of Trustees June 23, 1853, expressed a 
 resolution of thanks to him, "for the fidelity and ability 
 with which his duties had been discharged." From Hiram 
 he went to Williams College and then to the West where he 
 became v/ell known as a geologist. It is probable that to 
 him Hiram owes a debt of love for first suggesting to Mr. 
 A. S. Hayden the name of Miss Almeda A. Booth as a 
 teacher for the young "Eclectic." He was a very enthusi- 
 astic and popular teacher of science. "An experienced 
 teacher who knew him well says his methods were more 
 in accord with what Vve call modern teaching that those of 
 any of his colleagues." Perhaps it is not material to know 
 where he obtained his early education ; but he went to Wil- 
 liamstown, Mass., with "Kai Gar," as he called Garfield, in 
 1854, and graduated in the same class two years later. 
 "After a life of some ups and downs, he died December 
 20, 1 89 1, at Aurora, Ilinois, in his 63d year." 
 
 At the seventh meeting of the Board of Trustees of 
 the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute held October 14, 
 185 1, it was "Resolved, that Norman Dunshee be ap- 
 pointed teacher of Mathematics and 
 
 Norman Dunshee. ti/t 1 t • ^.i, t ^v 4. »» 
 
 Modern Languages m the Institute. 
 
 This was Mr. Dunshee's introduction to Hiram and the be- 
 ginning of his honorable relation to Hiram as one of its 
 ablest teachers. Norman Dunshee was born in Bedford. 
 Cuyahoga County, Ohio, January 24, 1821. He was pre- 
 pared for college at the Twinsburg Institute, Twinsburg, 
 
40 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Ohio, conducted by Rev. Samuel Bissell. He graduated at 
 Western Reserve College, Hudson, Ohio, in 1845. ^^ 
 afterwards studied theology at Hudson during the years 
 1847-49. He taught in the Twinsburg Institute from 1849 
 to 1 85 1. He began his work in Hiram in 185 1 and con- 
 tinued until 1859. From Hiram he went to Kansas where 
 he was county superintendent of public instruction from 
 1867 to 1869. He was Professor of Mathematics in Oska- 
 loosa College, Oskaloosa, Iowa, from 1870 to 1877. He 
 then became Professor of ancient languages in Drake Uni- 
 versity, Des Moines, Iowa, in 1881. This position he held 
 to the time of his death in 1890. In character he was an 
 excellent man; "and by far the first scholar in the early 
 Hiram group, and, all things considered, perhaps the most 
 learned man who ever taught on the Hill. Students could 
 learn in his class-room, and many did learn, but he was not 
 an inspiring teacher. Even Homer sometimes nodded, and 
 Dunshee also nodded while teaching Homer. He also 
 preached, but, unlike Hayden and Munnell, was primarily 
 a teacher.* 
 
 His body is buried in the cemetery at Des Moines, 
 Iowa, and lies not far from that of Harvey W. Everest, 
 another of Hiram's best teachers. 
 
 Almeda Ann Booth came to Hiram in 1851. On 
 May 30 of that year the Board of Trustees "appointed her 
 a teacher in the English Department." To her, more than 
 
 to any other person, is due the consist- 
 Almeda A. Booth. , r ,1 -ntr , t% 
 
 ency and permanence of the Western Re- 
 serve Eclectic Institute. With the exception of one year 
 spent in Oberlin College, she was in Hiram from the spring 
 term of 185 1 until Commencement 1866 — in all forty-three 
 terms. Though she was appointed to teach in the English 
 
 * " The Eclectic Institute," by B. A. Hinsdale, p. 11. 
 
ALMEDA A. BOOTH. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 41 
 
 Department, she soon became Principal of the Ladies' De- 
 partment. Her power over students was very great, and 
 "it is no exaggeration to say that in Northern Ohio no lady 
 teacher has surpassed Miss Booth, taking into account 
 length of service, number of pupils taught, uniform success, 
 and strength of personal influence. She was in Hiram 
 during nearly the whole of the Eclectic period, and for sev- 
 eral years eave the shiftins: corps of teachers such contin- 
 uity and permanence as it had. First and last more Eclectic 
 history gathers about Almeda Booth than about any other 
 person in the school."* 
 
 Few women of nobler character, purer life, or better 
 mental equipment, have ever lived. She was born in Nel- 
 son, Ohio, August 15, 1823, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, 
 December 15, 1875. During all of her term of service at 
 Hiram the light of her soul illuminated the classroom, and 
 the social walks of the students. It is difficult to institute 
 a comparison between her and others of her generation. 
 She had a distinct individuality and an almost divine per- 
 sonality. No one who ever came in contact with her can 
 forget her. Even-tempered, an empress in her power to 
 control, a conqueror of every will that seemed to her to 
 stand in the way of true progress, she was undisputed mis- 
 tress of all who came within the sphere of her influence. 
 Her early pupils regarded her with almost as much rever- 
 ence as the devout Romanist does the Virgin Mary. Her 
 sweet. Christian spirit made more fragrant by the sorrows 
 of her life, permeated with its richness, the history of 
 Hiram school and social life, for a full quarter of a cen- 
 tury. Mr. Garfield, who was associated with her so long, 
 and knew her so well, in his address June 22., 1876, at 
 Hiram shows such a sympathetic insight into her life and 
 
 *B. A. Hinsdale. 
 
42 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 character, as to make his estimate particularly valuable to 
 those who would know her as she was known. 
 
 The lesson and legacy of her life, left to her friends 
 and to Hiram, are felicitously expressed by her apprecia- 
 tive biographer: Her life was so largely and so insep- 
 arably a part of our own, that it is not easy for any of us, 
 least of all for me, to take a sufficiently distant standpoint 
 from which to measure its proportions. We shall never 
 forget her sturdy well-formed figure; her head that would 
 have appeared colossal but for its symmetry of proportions ; 
 the strongly marked features of her plain, rugged face, not 
 moulded according to the artist's lines of beauty, but so 
 lighted up with intelligence and kindliness as to appear 
 positively beautiful to those who knew her well. 
 
 The basis of her character, the controlling force which 
 developed and formed it, was strength — extraordinary in- 
 tellectual power. Blessed with a vigorous constitution and 
 robust bodily health, her capacity for close, continuous, and 
 effective mental work was remarkable. 
 
 It is hardly possible for one person to know the qual- 
 ity and strength of another's mind more thoroughly than 
 I knew hers. From long association in her studies, and 
 comparing her with all the students I have known, here 
 and elsewhere, I do not hesitate to say, that I have never 
 known one who grasped with greater power, and handled 
 with more ease and thoroughness, all the studies of the 
 college course. I doubt if in all these respects I have ever 
 knov/n one who was her equal. She caught an author's 
 meaning with remarkable quickness and clearness ; and, 
 mastering the difficulties of construction, she detected, with 
 almost unerring certainty, the most delicate shades of 
 thought. 
 
 She abhorred all shams in scholarship, and would be 
 content with nothing short of the whole meaning. When 
 crowded with work, it was not unusual for her to sit by 
 her lamp, unconscious of the hours, till far past midnight. 
 
 Her powers were well balanced. When I first knew 
 her, it was supposed that her mind was specially adapted 
 to mathematical study. A little later, it was thought she 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 43 
 
 had found her fittest work in the field of the natural sci- 
 ences; later still, one would have said she had found her 
 highest possibilities in the languages. 
 
 Her mind was many-sided, strong, compact, symmet- 
 rical. It was this symmetry and balance of qualities that 
 gave her such admirable judgment, and enabled her to con- 
 centrate all her powers upon any work she attempted. 
 
 To this general statement concerning her faculties 
 there was, however, one marked exception. While she en- 
 joyed, and in some degree appreciated, the harmonies of 
 music, she was almost wholly deficient in the faculty of 
 musical expression. After her return from college, she 
 determined to ascertain by actual test to what extent, if 
 at all, this defect could be overcome. With a patience and 
 courage I have never seen equalled in such a case, she 
 persisted for six months in the attempt to master the tech- 
 nical mysteries of instrumental music, and even attempted 
 one vocal piece. But she found that the struggle was 
 nearly fruitless ; the music in her soul would not come 
 forth at her bidding. A few of her friends will remember, 
 that, for many years, to mention "The Suwanee River" was 
 the signal for a little good-natured merriment at her ex- 
 pense, and a reminder of her heroic attempt at vocal and 
 instrumental music. 
 
 The tone of her mind was habitually logical and 
 serious, not specially inclined to what is technically known 
 as wit; but she had the heartiest appreciation of genuine 
 humor, such as glows on the pages of Cervantes and Dick- 
 ens. Clifton Bennett and Levi Brown will never forget 
 how keenly she enjoyed the quaint drollery with which 
 they once presented, at a public lyceum, a scene from "Don 
 Quixote ;" and I am sure there are three persons here to-day 
 who will never forget how nearly she was once suffocated 
 with laughter over a mock presentation speech by Harry 
 Rhodes. 
 
 Though possessed of very great intellectual powers, 
 or, as the arrogance of our sex accustoms us to say, "hav- 
 ing a mind of masculine strength," it was not at all mas- 
 culine in the opprobrious sense in which that term is fre- 
 quently applied to wamen. She was a most v/omanlv 
 
44 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 woman, with a spirit of gentle and childlike sweetness, 
 with no self -consciousness of superiority, and not the least 
 trace of arrogance. 
 
 Though possessing these great pov/ers, she was not 
 unmindful of those elegant accomplishments, the love of 
 which seems native to the mind of woman. 
 
 In her earlier years she was sometimes criticised as 
 caring too little for the graces of dress and manner ; and 
 there was some justice in the criticism. The possession of 
 great powers, no doubt, carries with it a contempt for mere 
 external show. In her early life Miss Booth dressed 
 neatly, though with the utmost plainness, and applied her- 
 self to the work of gaining the more enduring ornaments 
 of mind and heart. In her first years at Hiram she had 
 devoted all her powers to teaching and mastering the diffi- 
 culties of the higher studies, and had given but little time 
 to what are called the more elegant accomplishments. But 
 she was not deficient in appreciation of all that really 
 adorns and beautifies a thorough culture. After her re- 
 turn from Oberlin she paid more attention to the "mint, 
 anise, and cummin" of life. During the last fifteen years 
 of her life, few ladies dressed with more severe or elegant 
 taste. As a means of personal culture, she read the history 
 of art, devoted much time to drawing and painting, and 
 acquired considerable skill with the pencil and brush. 
 
 She did not enjoy miscellaneous society. Great crowds 
 were her abhorrence. But in a small circle of congenial 
 friends she was a delighted and a delightful companion. 
 
 Her religious character affords an additional illustra- 
 tion of her remarkable combination of strength and gentle- 
 ness. At an early age she became a member of the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal Church, and continued in faithful and con- 
 sistent relations with that organization until she united 
 with the Disciples, soon after she came to Hiram. 
 
 I venture to assert, that in native powers of mind, in 
 thoroughness and breadth of scholarship, in womanly 
 sweetness of spirit, and in the quantity and quality of 
 effective, unselfish work done, she has not been excelled 
 by any American woman. What she accomplished with 
 her great powers, thoroughly trained and subordinated to 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1^^50-1^57. 45 
 
 the principles of a Christian Hfe, has been briefly stated. 
 
 She did not find it necessary to make war upon society 
 in order to capture a field for the exercise of her great 
 qualities. Though urging upon women the necessity of 
 the largest and most thorough culture, and demanding for 
 them the amplest means for acquiring it, she did not waste 
 her years in bewailing the subjection of her sex, but em- 
 ployed them in making herself a great and beneficent power. 
 She did far more to honor and exalt woman's place in 
 society than the thousands of her contemporaries who strug- 
 gle more earnestly for the barren sceptre of power than for 
 fitness to wield it. 
 
 She might have adorned the highest walks of litera- 
 ture, and doubtless might thus have won a noisy fame. But 
 it may be doubted whether in any other pursuit she could 
 have conferred greater or more lasting benefits upon her 
 fellow-creatures, than by the life she so faithfully and suc- 
 cessfully devoted to the training and culture of youth. 
 With no greed of power or gain, she found her chief re- 
 ward in blessing others. 
 
 I do not know of any man or woman, who, at fifty-one 
 years of age, had done more or better work. I have not 
 been able to ascertain precisely how long she taught before 
 she came to Hiram ; but it was certainly not less than fifteen 
 terms. She taught forty-two terms here, twenty-one terms 
 in the Union School at Cuyahoga Falls, and, finally, two 
 years in private classes ; in all, nearly twenty-eight years of 
 faithful and most successful teaching, to which she devoted 
 the wealth of her great faculties and admirable scholar- 
 ship. 
 
 How rich and how full was the measure of gratitude 
 poured out to her, from many thousands of loving hearts ! 
 And to-day, from every station of life, and from every 
 quarter of our country, are heard the voices of those who 
 rise up to call her blessed, and to pay their tearful tribute 
 of gratitude to her memory. 
 
 On my own behalf, I take this occasion to say, that for 
 her generous and powerful aid, so often and so eflficiently 
 rendered, for her quick and never-failing sympathy, and 
 for her intelligent, unselfish, and unswerving friendship, 
 
4-6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 I owe her a debt of gratitude and affection, for the payment 
 of which the longest term of Hfe would have been too short. 
 
 To this institution she has left the honorable record 
 of a long and faithful service, and the rich legacy of a pure 
 and noble life. I have shown that she lived three lives. 
 One of these, the second, in all its richness and fulness, she 
 gave to Hiram. More than half of all her teaching was 
 done here, where she taught much longer than any other 
 person has taught; and no one has done work of better 
 quality. 
 
 She has here reared a monument which the envious 
 years cannot wholl}^ destroy. As long as the love of learn- 
 ing shall here survive; as long as the light of this college 
 shall be kept burning ; as long as there are hearts to hold 
 and cherish the memory of its past; as long as high qual- 
 ities of mind and heart are honored and loved among men 
 and women, — so long will the name of Almeda A. Booth 
 be here remembered, and honored, and loved.* 
 
 Other teachers of more or less merit, but who remained 
 for brief periods during this administration, and are worthy 
 of mention, are Amaziah Hull, who afterwards became 
 Professor of Languages in Oskaloosa 
 College ; S. L. Hillier, who went to New 
 York to practice law; James A. Garfield, H. W. Everest, 
 and J. H. Rhodes, who became distinguished as teachers; 
 and J. B. Crane. 
 
 Provision was made for teaching Music, Drawing, and 
 Penmanship. J. W. Lusk and the Spencers, father and 
 sons, were for many years employed as teachers of pen- 
 manship. 
 
 When the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute was first 
 opened for students in November 1850, the Trustees had 
 not waited to finish the building and the opening day found 
 
 *Life arid Character of Almeda A. Booth. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. Ah 
 
 The it in a state of incompleteness. The 
 
 Accommodations first sessions were held in the lower story 
 
 for Students. >^> 1 -^ * 
 
 Ihe large upper room so long used 
 
 as a chapel, and now used for the library, was not 
 finished before 1851. The two wings and the large room 
 in the west extension were, at first, the only ones used. 
 The Primary Department was in the south wing. The 
 large room back of the entrance hall served as a chapel. 
 For this reason, it was known throughout the entire his- 
 tory of the original building as the "Lower Chapel." For 
 sometime after the opening of the school its class room 
 exercises v/ere disturbed by the sound of hammer and saw 
 in the upper story of the building. 
 
 The accommodations for students in the matters of 
 boarding and lodging were also very limited. The sudden- 
 ness with which the Eclectic sprang into life on Hiram 
 
 Boarding and "^^^^ ^"^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^"^^^ community with 
 Lodging. "° ^^ttle surprise. Outside the ranks of 
 
 the Disciples there were not many people 
 who had given any attention to the school movement. As 
 prominent a citizen as Esquire Udall had not even heard of 
 it until about time for the delegate convention at Aurora 
 to meet. The entire change took place in less than a year. 
 In the midst of their unpretentious homes the big building 
 arose with Aladdin-like celerity, a flood of young people 
 came pouring in from the surrounding country, and from 
 distant points, and the community suddenly found itself face 
 to face with a demand to throw open its private doors for 
 their reception and comfort. The strain on the people's 
 resources was not slight but they m.et it generally with 
 hearty good will. They were glad to have the school in 
 their midst and to have their children brought into the 
 circle of its associations-— a little proud, no doubt, of the dis- 
 
48 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 tinction it would give the town. The village proper was, 
 of course, not adequate to this sudden demand. There was 
 not a farmhouse within a mile without boarders. Some of 
 them were full. As many as eighteen were at one time 
 domiciled at George Udall's down at the foot of the east 
 hill where Mr. Frank Udall now lives. Many students 
 boarded at Esquire Udairs, the house east of George 
 Udall's on the hill. Others boarded up at the Packer farm 
 — now Mr. Ford'b. Judge H. C. White found a home at 
 Mr. Orrin Hutchinson's up west of the cemetery on the 
 north side of the road, while the old Beaman house down 
 in the hollow below the east hill, was the home of a student 
 who afterward became president of Hiram College.* 
 
 The local patronage was large. Both young men and 
 young women walked from points on the diagonal road to 
 Garrettsville south-east from the present home of Mason 
 Tilden. Some came from the old red brick house on that 
 road — the Wheeler home. Some from Raymond's, 
 Young's, and Mason's on the south center road almost as 
 far away as the present railroad station. Others from far 
 north over the Geauga Co. line. As might be expected 
 this sudden influx of students required no end of planning 
 and devising in order to extend the accommodations of 
 houses whose builders saw no such vision as this. An old 
 student tells of a small room at George Udall's which had 
 a sort of shelf or offset around three sides of it so that a 
 bedstead could not be set up. But two legs of the bedstead 
 were sawed off and then placed on the offset while the re- 
 maining two reached the floor. At the same house the 
 shelves of a pantry were torn out to accommodate a bed, 
 and the pantry dispensed with or moved to another part 
 of the house. Three, sometimes four students, occupied 
 
 *Burke A. Hinsdale. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 49 
 
 one room — often a small one — yet they contrived to study 
 hard and to maintain a good standing in the work of the 
 school. Boarding was about $1.25 per week — good, sub- 
 stantial, about what may be found in the average farm 
 home on the Western Reserve today. There was abund- 
 ance of boiled dinners, soup, vegetables and good bread — 
 while for tea there was a lighter meal of bread and butter 
 and cookies, cheese and maple syrup. There was pie 
 often enough, but none of the indigestible knick-knacks 
 that now-a-days so often set a student's stomach at variance 
 with his brains. 
 
 At the close of the spring session in 1851, the Board 
 passed a resolution to thank the citizens of Hiram for the 
 accommodating disposition shown in furnishing boarding 
 to the students of the Institute. As the number of students 
 increased the problem of furnishing them comfortable 
 quarters became a serious one and in 1852 the Board con- 
 sidered the advisability of erecting a boarding hall. This 
 scheme, however, was laid aside and a new building com- 
 mittee was empowered to contract a loan of three thousand 
 dollars to be used in putting up boarding houses furnished 
 with such conveniences as might be thought necessary. Both 
 Board and Building Committee assumed mutual and indi- 
 vidual responsibility for this loan. The houses were built 
 in 1852 but do not seem to have been a paying venture. 
 The rents on them steadily declined for several years and 
 they were finally sold, but on exactly what terms cannot 
 now be determined. The history of the management of 
 boarding halls and dormitories by the authorities of a school 
 is not an encouraging one generally, and shows that such 
 things are better in the hands of private enterprise. The 
 houses built by the committee are all standing in Hiram at 
 the present date. 
 
50 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 They are the two on Peckham Avenue and now occu- 
 pied, one by Mr. William Oliver and one by Mrs. E. P. 
 Warren. The one on the south-west corner of West and 
 North Campus Street resided in at present by Mr. H. B. 
 Cox; the old Carroll house immediately south of it novv- 
 falling to pieces, and the little white house just west of 
 Mr. Bower's large barn — the home of Mrs. Nora Quinn. 
 This last house is well known in Hiram iiistory as "Tiffany 
 Hall." Another over sanguine venture of the Board may 
 be mentioned in this connection. This was the purchase 
 of the Pligley farm, as it was called. This body of land oc- 
 cupied the whole east slope of Hiram hill, running for a 
 half mile east on the east and west center road and as far 
 north on the north and south road as the present farm of 
 Lester Bennett. The south half of this farm was plotted 
 and laid out into lots, but none were ever sold except three 
 or four on the north center road now in the midst of the 
 village proper. The rest of the land was finally disposed of 
 in lots to suit purchasers. Had this scheme worked out a 
 large part of the village would have occupied the east slope 
 of the hill — a poor exchange probably for the peach and 
 apple orchards that now cover it. 
 
 On the 6th of May, 185 1, the first public exercises of 
 the students of the Eclectic were held. They consisted of 
 three divisions, one given in the morning, one in the after- 
 First Public noon and one in the evening. The first 
 Exercises. two divisions were given in Mr. John 
 
 Buckingham's orchard almost half a mile north of the Insti- 
 tute building on the north and south center road. This or- 
 chard has been entirely destroyed. It stood just a little south 
 of the old Packer farm, but on the opposite side of the road. 
 The last division was given in the church at the center. Be- 
 tween the two first divisions a lunch was served on board 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 5 1 
 
 tables under the trees. The teachers and students marched 
 from the building down the north hill and beyond to the 
 scene of the performance. Tradition says that Emily Ford 
 was marshal of the day. The exercises whose number would 
 terrify a modern audience were extremely crude and show 
 how close to the primitive district school were the first ses- 
 sions of the Eclectic. 
 
 The immediate influences of the planting of the Eclec- 
 tic Institute at Hiram were of a three-fold character. First, 
 upon the Disciples at large — the "Brotherhood," second, 
 upon the village, and last, upon the Hi- 
 The School's ^^^ Church. The school at once be- 
 came popular. In the year 1850 and 51 
 there were three hundred and thirteen different students 
 in attendance. In 1853-4 this number had arisen to five 
 hundred and twenty-nine. Seven states and countries 
 were represented the first year; fourteen in 1853-4.* But 
 
 *The following table of attendance during the whole life of the 
 Eclectic, was compiled by Professor B. S. Dean, in 1894, for the 
 Hiram College Advance : 
 
 
 
 TABLE OF ATTENDANCE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Total dif, 
 
 Year. 
 
 1st Term. 
 
 2d Term. 
 
 3d Term. by Terms. 
 
 Stadents, 
 
 1850-51 
 
 102 
 
 147 
 
 60 
 
 309 
 
 *3I3 
 
 1851-52 
 
 181 
 
 233 
 
 89 
 
 503 
 
 410 
 
 1852-53 
 
 211 
 
 226 
 
 205 
 
 642 
 
 529 
 
 1853-54 
 
 166 
 
 236 
 
 188 
 
 590 
 
 523 
 
 1S54-55 
 
 262 
 
 20Z 
 
 138 
 
 601 
 
 445 
 
 1855-56 
 
 235 
 
 215 
 
 177 
 
 631 
 
 494 
 
 1856-57 
 
 [Term records missing]. 
 
 
 
 440 
 
 1857-58 
 
 260 
 
 175 
 
 230 
 
 665 
 
 487 
 
 1858-59 
 
 302 
 
 194 
 
 200 
 
 696 
 
 502 
 
 1859-60 
 
 263 
 
 155 
 
 217 
 
 635 
 
 463 
 
 1860-61 
 
 260 
 
 153 
 
 182 
 
 595 
 
 427 
 
 1861-62 
 
 209 
 
 65 
 
 "5 
 
 389 
 
 315 
 
 1862-63 
 
 185 
 
 107 
 
 140 
 
 393 
 
 296 
 
 1863-64 
 
 236 
 
 171 
 
 145 
 
 552 
 
 389 
 
 1864-65 
 
 159 
 
 125 
 
 118 
 
 402 
 
 306 
 
 1865-66 
 
 214 
 
 148 
 
 ^57 
 
 519 
 
 352 
 
 1866-67 
 
 156 
 
 106 
 
 105 
 
 366 
 
 250 
 
 ♦Includes four terms. 
 
52 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 this does not indicate that, especially outside of the West- 
 ern Reserve, the school, all at once, became a great figure 
 before the Disciples. Its patronage, at first, was largel)^ 
 local. Its students were mainly from Portage, Summit, 
 Trumbull, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Medina, Ashtabula, and 
 Wayne Counties. The religious character of the school, 
 probably exercised some influence in determining its pat- 
 ronage, but this was not the only Influence. It was a school 
 of higher grade and was a long step upward from the or- 
 dinary district school. Its first students were mainly from 
 Disciple families or communities where the Disciples of 
 Christ were most numerous. 
 
 It was announced that "the course of instruction is 
 designed to embrace whatever is adapted to the developing 
 and training of those under its care for the useful and 
 practical duties of life. The chief attention v/ill be directed 
 to the attainment of sound literature and useful science." 
 It was also declared that "the Bible is the foundation of all 
 the morality in the world. It contains all moral power for 
 the improvement and refinement of the human race. Its 
 counsels are eternal wisdom. Its moralit}^ is perfect. It 
 cannot, therefore, be hazardous to lay the Bible as the moral 
 basis of the Eclectic Institute.'" The Bible was to be 
 taken as the foundation of education, and as a classic taken 
 into the institution. Every student was expected to devote 
 a part of each day in the study of the details of human 
 history as found in the Bible. But it was explicitly stated 
 "that nothing is to be taught in this Seminary under color 
 of these Biblical lessons, or otherwise, partaking in the 
 least degree of sectarian character." Nor was it to be, in 
 any sense, a Theological School, though it v/ould seek to 
 develop and strengthen the intellectual powers in subordi- 
 nation and subserviency to the moral faculties. Its aim 
 
THE PERIOD OP ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 53 
 
 was to make men and women of the youth committed to its 
 trust; good men and good women, and "leave it to the 
 finger of providence to point out to them the path of use- 
 fulness." 
 
 These frank statements concerning the scope and pur- 
 pose of the school, had a good effect over a large territory, 
 and soon its horizon extended and its influence greatly in- 
 creased. Alexander Campbell, then President of Bethany 
 College, gave his endorsement to the enterprise in these 
 felicitous words: "Such institutions, well conducted, are 
 streams that make the wilderness and solitary place glad, 
 and contribute to the cause of human redemption."* 
 
 The planting of the school brought to Hiram new 
 classes of people, who, in turn, helped to establish a new 
 order of things. "What had been a mere cross-roads be- 
 came a small village." The effect upon 
 
 . „, . the church at Hiram was immediate, 
 
 of Things. 
 
 What had been a very homogeneous con- 
 gregation became very heterogenious, — "a variety of gen- 
 eral culture, critical acumen, and aesthetic taste.'' Some 
 of the members of the church as then constituted, never 
 appreciated what the school did for them or for the church. 
 They thought of what it had cost them in money and 
 trouble, and failed to look at the compensations. When 
 the school was given to Hiram, after the contest over its 
 location had been settled in her favor "there went with the 
 act certain responsibilities, peculiar, heavy, solemn." All 
 that has given the name "Hiram" power for a half of a 
 century, flowed from that act. 
 
 The Church of Hiram has some prominent character- 
 istics. "One of the most prominent is stability, perma- 
 nence. Since 1835, she has kept steadily on the even tenor 
 
 *Millennial Harbinger, 1850, p. 473. 
 
54 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 of her way. She has either steadily 
 of Hiram ^ grown, or she has firmly held her 
 
 ground." She has been a conservative 
 church. "Having steadfastly set her face as though she 
 would go to Jerusalem, she has never swerved from the 
 *old paths.' Hiram has never been a hatching or a moult- 
 ing ground for isms and 'new-fangled notions.' Her mem- 
 bers, as a class, have not been of those who are tossed to 
 and fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine. 
 Millerism, abolitionism, come-outer-ism, spiritualism, etc., 
 have not disturbed her peace. She grew in anti-slavery 
 faith as the Nation grew, no faster and no slower; and 
 when the shock of arms came, she supported the National 
 Government, almost to a man." These two qualities, sta- 
 bility and conservatism, have borne invaluable fruit. 
 "Hiram has never been torn by factions contending abotit 
 points of doctrine and questions of order. There have 
 been no exscinding resolutions, no secessions, no convuls- 
 ing cases of discipline. Conservatism has not excluded 
 great tolerance and liberality. All along there has been a 
 practical recognition of the line separating faith and opinion. 
 The brethren have never been sound above what is written. 
 It has never entered their heads that it would be a good 
 thing to tear the Church to pieces over the 'organ question.* 
 Nor have they had any scruples as to the Tightness of co- 
 operative religious enterprise. Born of a movement that 
 began in co-operation, they have never proclaimed them- 
 selves spiritual bastards." This historic Church vindicates 
 in a very large degree the grand "movement" of which it 
 is a part. Here is a Church that for sixty-five years "has 
 gone on her way without Articles or Rules of Order, con- 
 verting the people, building herself up in faith and love, 
 supporting the gospel at home and abroad, meteing out 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 55 
 
 discipline, and assisting in benevolent enterprise. Her 
 story is an answer, clear and convincing, to those who, in 
 the beginning, said that the principles of the Campbells 
 would lead to doctrinal latitudinarianism and ecclesiastical 
 disorder. Whatever else the story may be worth, it shovv^s 
 that a Christian congregation can stand on the Bible alone, 
 without a 'constitution,' holding fast the form of sound 
 words and maintaining the unity of the Spirit in the bonds 
 of peace."'''- 
 
 Of families which came to Hiram at the beginning of 
 
 the school, there were some who became identified with its 
 
 fortunes, and were its firmest friends to 
 
 of the School ^^^^ ^^^ ^-^ their lives. Their homes 
 were the homes of the students and their 
 kindness to them cannot be forgotten by a very large circle 
 of the early Hiram fellowship. 
 
 Zeb Rudolph moved from his farm near Garretts- 
 ville about 1850 and built the house west of the church 
 where Miss Rena Young now lives. Here he lived until 
 
 ^ , „ , he moved to his m.uch finer residence, 
 
 Zeb Rudolph. ,^ ,,,, , , . , , .,, 
 
 now Mrs. Wheeler s, down the hill on 
 
 the north side of the east road next to Prof. Wakefield's. 
 
 Delightful reminiscences of a winter spent in "Uncle Zeb's" 
 
 family are at hand. "Uncle Zeb had that winter besides 
 
 his ovv^n family of seven persons, including the hired girl, 
 
 eleven boarders. We were packed in like sardines, and, I 
 
 think the same conditions prevailed in every other house 
 
 in town and out of town. The board w^as $1.50 per week 
 
 and very good as the Hiram women were most of them 
 
 good cooks and Aunt Arabella (Mrs. Rudolph) was the 
 
 peer of any of them. We burned tallow candles at night. 
 
 *****! was greatly impressed with the wisdom 
 
 *Historical Discourse, bj B. A. Hinsdale, 1876. 
 
56 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 and learning of this household. Uncle Zeb read Greek 
 and Hebrew and was in appearance a very wise man. His 
 daughter read Latin and Greek and French. Clarinda 
 Hardman who was one of my three room-mates wrote 
 poetry. Mr. Dunshee, one of the faculty, who was my 
 cousin, boarded in the house. He had graduated at Hud- 
 son College and was so important in the family that he 
 had a seven by nine bedroom to himself."* 
 
 C. L. P. Reno, known to many of the students as Uncle 
 Perry, and to most of the townspeople simply as "Brother 
 Reno" moved with his wife from Sharon, Pa., about 1853 
 and lived in the large white house on the 
 east road where Professor Wakefield 
 lives now. Their home, generally filled with students, 
 always had an open door, and the social gatherings there 
 from time to time, were one of the greatest sources of 
 pleasure both to the church people and the school. Mr. 
 Reno was for many years an elder of the Hiram church, 
 and it was in the early '90's before his tottering form, his 
 earnest inquiring face, and his bald head with its thin fringe 
 of gray locks, ceased to appear every Lord's day at the 
 church services. He died November 21, 1890, and his wife, 
 February 15, 1896. 
 
 James Ratchford Newcomb came to Hiram from 
 Wads worth in 1856. He bought the Harris property on 
 the east and west center road just west of the present home 
 
 of Mr. Richard Hank, where his daugh- 
 James R ^^ ^^^ j ^ -^^j. ^^.^^ j.^^^ ^^ ^^^_ 
 
 Newcomb. ' •' ' 
 
 comb was a man of great taste and 
 
 loved to ornament his grounds. He piped water from a 
 
 large spring in one of his back fields, and no description 
 
 of Hiram village would be complete that did not mention his 
 
 ^Recollections of Mrs. B. A. Hinsdale. 
 
'f"c 
 
 ,.^^Si»^ 
 
 - M .W.Evcreot --— — 
 
 PRINCIPALS OF THE ECLECTIC. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 57 
 
 beautiful circular fountain, often adorned with miniature 
 boats. Sometimes students, on moonlight nights, would 
 gather on the edge of the big stone basin under the circle of 
 evergreen trees and sing Hiram songs, a practice still fre- 
 quently indulged in. 
 
 Timothy J. Newcomb — a distant relative of James 
 
 — came from Freedom some time in the later 50's. He 
 
 bought the farm on the south-east corner of the two center 
 
 roads. Afterward he moved into the house 
 
 Timot 7 ^^^ occupied by Mr, Dyson south of the 
 
 Newcomb. ^ , ^_^ •' ... 
 
 church. He was one of the pioneer 
 
 preachers among the Disciples and well known on the West- 
 ern Reserve. There were several children in the family 
 all of whom were at sometime students of the Institution, 
 unless it were an invalid daughter Stata who grew to 
 womanhood, and became an artist. Part of the house now 
 occupied by Mr. Harry Leach was once her studio. When 
 Stata Newcomb died she left a small fund to Hiram College 
 to be used for the benefit of students who might be situ- 
 ated like herself. 
 
 Thuel Norton came to Hiram with his large family 
 from the south part of the township. He lived where Mr. 
 
 Dudley's fine house now stands, then, 
 Thuel Norton. j^^^^^ .^ ^^^ j^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^f y^^^^ 
 
 Eunice Ballard. The names of his children and grandchil- 
 dren, appear in various catalogues of the school. 
 
 Holland Brown came to Hiram in 1853, and lived in 
 the house which Miss Eunice Ballard now occupies. Here 
 
 his daughter, Mrs. Jessie Brown Pounds, 
 Holland Brown. ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^g^^ ^^^.^ p^^^^^ 
 
 occupies a high place among the Disciples of Christ, at the 
 present time, as a poet and prose author. 
 
 John Buckingham came from Hov/land in the spring 
 
58 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 of 185 1. He bought a farm of John Young north of the 
 village. The next year he built the large house, still stand- 
 ing, on the west side of the north and 
 
 „ ,\ "^ south road near the waterinsf trough. 
 
 Buckingham. ... 
 
 This house was considered a very pre- 
 tentious one in that day and, even before its completion, 
 called forth a flattering notice in the second catalogue of the 
 school, as one designed, "for friends and visitors to the 
 school who may wish entertainment." Among the roomers 
 at Mr. Buckingham's in 1853 was a son of Judge Jeremiah 
 S. Black, an eminent jurist of Pennsylvania, one of the 
 Judges of its Supreme Court from 185 1 to 1857, and after- 
 wards a memiber of the Cabinet of President James Bu- 
 chanan, at first as Attorney General, and later as Secretary 
 of State. The son was Chauncey F. Black, who after- 
 ward became Governor of Pennsylvania. 
 
 There were other families that had much to do in pro 
 viding for the life of the school in its opening years; but 
 of them no chronicles have been left within reach. 
 
 Mr. Orrin Brown built a hotel where Miller Hall now 
 
 stands.* This hotel afterward passed into the possession 
 
 and charp-e of Mr. R. W. Merriam and 
 
 his familv. The old Hiram House is 
 Hiram House. . . ' . . 
 
 full of associations to many oid students. 
 
 In the period of the Eclectic Institute social gatherings 
 of almost all kinds, wdiether commencements, socials, din- 
 ners, or anything that called for what is popularly known as 
 ''refreshments," were shared in, and 
 
 ^ ^, \ aided, more or less, by the residents of 
 
 Gatherings. -^ 
 
 the village. For many years after the 
 College period began, the annual banquet which the Senior 
 
 *The first hotel in Hiram was kept by John Fletcher Bennett, 
 near the foot of the first hill to the east of town. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 59 
 
 Class gave to the undergraduates, was furnished by the 
 ladies of the various families in the village. Lines were 
 not drawn so strictly then as they are now. Many of the 
 townspeople attended the banquet, and, generally, the entire 
 Faculty. This has all ceased with the modern period of 
 improvement, and the expense of the banquet becomes the 
 care of the Seniors, while the attendance is restricted to 
 the Class-Professor and the members of the lov/er classes. 
 The growth and expansion of the school under College con- 
 ditions tended to do away with the freedom and unconven- 
 tionality of the earlier period. 
 
 Of all the voluntary student activities that have origi- 
 nated in connection with Hiram, during the period of the 
 
 Eclectic Institute, or since Hiram College 
 The Rise of the ^^^^ established, and have become per- 
 Literary Societies. ■ r 1 t .-. ^• 
 
 manent features of the Institution, none 
 
 have been of greater strength to the school and of 
 culture to its students than the Literary Societies. The 
 oldest ones now existing took their rise in the early days 
 of the Eclectic Institute, and have continued to develop, 
 with varying fortunes until the present time, when they 
 stand the equal of any similar organizations connected with 
 the Colleges of Ohio. These are the Olive Branch, the 
 Delphic, and the Hesperian Societies. 
 
 'The history of Literary Societies in Hiram may be 
 divided into three periods: The Ancient, the Mediaeval, 
 and the Modern. The Ancient period begins with the In- 
 stitution and closes with the organization 
 Different Periods. ^^ ^^^ Delphic in the winter of 1853-4; 
 the Mediaeval period extends from the close of the An- 
 cient to the organization of the Institution as a college in 
 1867; the Modern period reaches from the close of the Me- 
 diaeval to the present day. The first was a period of ex- 
 
6o HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 periment and failure; the second, a period of experiment 
 and success ; the third, a period of experiment and uncer- 
 tainty, with certain conclusions and a definite policy appear- 
 ing very clearly toward the close."* 
 
 Before the Eclectic Institute was founded the Literary 
 Society as a means of culture had ceased to be an experi- 
 ment ; and when the wheels of the new school were fairly in 
 motion, this means of culture was called in as an auxiliary. 
 
 ''The Eclectic" was the first society or- 
 The Eclectic. . , . tt- j .l i j* 
 
 ganized m Hiram ; and among its leading 
 
 members were Corydon E. Fuller and James A. Garfield, f 
 
 The exact date of its organization has not been preserved, 
 
 but Mr. Orris Atwater, who was a member of the school 
 
 during the first »term, says: "It dates back to the first fall 
 
 term." It had a short but honorable life, "and gathered up 
 
 into its membership the most brilliant and promising male 
 
 students. It has the credit of giving the first Public Lyceum 
 
 given in the history of Hiram." 
 
 On Wednesday evening, September i, 1852, a few 
 
 members of the Eclectic met in the recitation room of Prof. 
 
 Norman Dunshee, and organized by 
 Fhilol^athean. choosing Symonds Ryder, Jr., President, 
 
 and Corydon E. Fuller, Secretary. At 
 that meeting were James A. Garfield, Symonds Ryder, Jr., 
 Corydon E. Fuller, John Harnit, Philip Burns, William D. 
 Harrah and Ellis Ballou Perhaps there were others. Ad- 
 dresses were made by several of those present, and it was 
 finally unanimously agreed, "That we mutually agree to 
 secede from the Eclectic Lyceum, and form ourselves into 
 a new society." 
 
 *This division into Periods was made by Mr. B. A. Hinsdale, in 
 an address at the Delphic Reunion, in 1875. 
 
 tSee Reminiscences of Garfield, by C. E. Fuller, p. 41. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 61 
 
 On Monday evening, September 6, 1852, the new so- 
 ciety was organized and called "The Philomathean." But 
 the birth of the Philomathean was the death of the Eclectic. 
 It was a strong society from the beginning. In its first 
 membership were Henry B. Boynton, Ellis Ballon, Philip 
 Burns, John Encell, C. C. Foote, Corydon E. Fuller, Ceylon 
 
 C. Fuller, William A. Faddis, James A. Garfield, John W. 
 Horner, John Plarnit, William D. Harrah, Salem P. Merri- 
 field, Symonds Ryder, Jr., J. Carroll Stark, and Charles 
 
 D. Wilber ; and a little later, the names of Orris Clapp At- 
 water, Harvey W. Everest, Walter S. Hayden, Joseph King, 
 Sterling McBride, O. P. Miller, and Leonard Southmayd 
 appear on the lists. The most brilliant period in the his- 
 tory of this society was the winter of 1853-4. Its meetings 
 were public and all who cared to do so attended. Such 
 subjects as Secular History, Church History, Prophecy, 
 Phrenology, Geology, and Logic and Rhetoric, were dis- 
 cussed in twenty-minute lectures, by James A. Garfield, 
 H. W. Everest, O. P. Miller, Philip Burns, Norman Dun- 
 shee, and Amaziah Hull. 
 
 The Philornathean Society made a deep impression on 
 a great many minds. Orris C. Atwater considered it "the 
 most brilliant society ever gathered on the Hill." Henry 
 M. James says : "It was supported by what seemed to me 
 in those days, a very remarkable body of men." 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale says : "The impression made upon my 
 own mind was quite as deep. Night after night I climbed 
 the east hill, sometimes in rain and darkness, to hccfr those 
 wonderful debates and lectures."'^ The society was short- 
 lived and in about two years it ran its course. Its standard 
 of ability kept its membership small, and when the old 
 
 *I was in school in the winter of 1853-4, and my enthusiasm over 
 the work of the Philomathean Society was at fever heat. F. M. 
 Green. 
 
62 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 members began to leave, some for colleg€ and some for 
 practical work, "the society reeled under the blow." 
 
 Other societies were organized during these early years 
 
 of Hiram, but they were too ephemeral and too weak to 
 
 make m.uch of an impression or to live 
 
 Other Societies. , t^ • i ji -t-i ^ 
 
 long. It IS hardly possible to even get 
 th-eir names. Some of them have been preserved, such as 
 'The Websterian," 'The Demosthenian," 'The Junto," 
 ''The Washingtonian," "The Meritorian," "The Philoze- 
 tian," and "The Independent." These societies did not all 
 exist at the same time, but followed each other in quick suc- 
 cession, were born and died. None of these early societies 
 "had any property basis, either furniture or library." An 
 entry in the minutes of the Philomathean shows what prop- 
 erty it was customary for a society to have in those days : 
 "On motion, the Secretary was instructed to purchase a 
 blank book ; and the Marshal five candlesticks, two pairs of 
 snuffers, and five pounds of candles." And this was about 
 all the equipment that any society had, in Hiram, previous 
 to the organization of the Delphic. 
 
 The Olive Branch Literary Society was organized 
 under that name January 8, 1853. There had been an or- 
 ganization known simply as the "Ladies* 
 Literary Society," which had given the 
 year before "The first Public Lyceum 
 ever given by the ladies in the history of the Eclectic." The 
 origin of the name "Olive Branch" is given as follows: 
 "There were in the Society — (the Ladies' Literary Society) 
 — at this time — (1853-4) — tvsrelve members and when the 
 term was nearly half finished, preparations were made for 
 another "Public Lyceum." Up to this time the Society had 
 not had a printed programme. After much discussion it 
 was decided to take a step in advance and send our pro- 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 63 
 
 gramme to the printer. It was made ready, when someone 
 suggested that it would make a better appearance if the 
 Society had a more pretentious name. We sat around the 
 stove in the north-east corner of this room (the ''Chapel") 
 one cold winter day discussing the question of name, when 
 Mary Hubbell said: "Girls, let us call our Society the 
 Olive Branch." What suggested the name to her I cannot 
 tell, but probably it was the journal of that name, published 
 by N. P. W^illis, in Boston. On calling the house to order, 
 a motion was made to this effect, 'That this society here- 
 after be known as The Olive Brx\nch.' It was seconded 
 and carried without a dissenting voice."'^ 
 
 On January 19, 1854, the Society rendered its first pro- 
 gramme under its new name. The Order of Exercises con- 
 sisted of music, a colloquy on "Evil Speaking," and essays 
 and recitations on "The Aboriginal Inhabitants of Amer- 
 ica," "The Divinity and Destiny of Genius," "Astronomy," 
 "China," "A Leaf from Memory," "The Dark Ages," "Am- 
 bition," "Faith," "Poetry— Its Influence," "Arabia," "Land 
 of Palestine," and "Immortality," by Adelle A. Luse, Sarah 
 S. Lanphear, Ellen H. Wood, Mary L. Hubbell, A. A. 
 Booth, N. E. Mcllrath, Sarah A. Soule, Mary Atwater, 
 Sarah Bailey, B. E. Fisk, Mary E. Turner, and W. A. 
 Hayden. 
 
 The colloquy on "Evil Speaking" was written by Miss 
 Booth and the twelve members of the Society took a part 
 in it and the young ladies signed a paper "pledging them- 
 selves not to speak evil of each other." Of the young ladies 
 who participated in that first programme not more than 
 three or four remain to this present and those who do re- 
 main are bearing the white blossoms of age. 
 
 The "Olive Branch," though nearly a half century old, 
 
 *Mr8. B. A. Hinsdale, Reunion Address, 1877. 
 
64 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 is fresh and vigorous as at the beginning. It is, as it always 
 has been, an adornment and a constant helper to the Hterary 
 and social life of Hiram. 
 
 Up to 1877 its membership included 549 names, to 
 which have been added since 475, making a total of 1,024. 
 And in the felicitous lines of Mrs. E. E. C. Glazier in her 
 poem read in 1877 at the reunion of the society, this brief 
 sketch of a noble society may be closed : — 
 
 "And may our Tree from off the earth 
 
 Its fruitage never cease; 
 
 Forever and forever wave 
 
 The Olive Branch of peace !" 
 The Delphic Literary Society, or "Delphic Lyceum," as 
 it was chartered May 10, 1862, was organized November 
 24, 1854. As it gathered up many of the most brilliant 
 essayists and strong debaters from the 
 ^ ^ ^^* societies that had preceded it, difficulty 
 was encountered in finding for it an appropriate name. It 
 was proposed to call the new society the Philomathean, but 
 this proposition was opposed and abandoned. The name, 
 "The Delphic," was proposed by Mr. Thomas Munnell and 
 this name was adopted. "Of course, it was borrowed from 
 Delphi, the city of the greatest oracle in Greece." Among 
 its charter members, or those who organized the Society, 
 were W. H. Coddington, John M. Faddis, J. J. Harrison, 
 R. A. Gaines, Thomas Farley, R. J. Hathaway, O. F. 
 Hoskins, H. J. Morgan, Henry Parmly, Robert Moffett, 
 B. F. Wood, J. H. Rhodes, H. Y. Russell, A. B. Way, and 
 Augustus H. Pettibone. 
 
 Robert Moffett, who since then has reached a high and 
 honorable place as a preacher among the Disciples, was its 
 first President. From the beginning, the Delphic was a 
 strong, intelligent, and vigorous society. During the first 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 65 
 
 term of its existence it came before the public with a "PubUc 
 Lyceum." Mr. Munnell presided, and the exercises occu- 
 pied the afternoon and evening. There was the usual pro- 
 gramme of exercises. The interest of the occasion centered 
 in the discussion, ''Resolved, That the present circumstances 
 of Europe furnish reasons to expect an essential ameliora- 
 tion of human affairs." This proposition was affirmed by 
 Robert Moffett and Augustus H. Pettibone, and denied by 
 B. F. Wood and J. H. Rhodes. The programme as ren- 
 dered made a profound impression on many that heard it 
 and was accepted as a prophecy of its future strength and 
 usefulness. Its later history has proved worthy of this be- 
 ginning. 
 
 For two years after its organization "The Delphic" 
 had no property beyond "the necessary candlesticks, snuff- 
 ers, and the inevitable budget box;" but it was the first 
 society to fit up a room for its meetings, and the first to 
 own a library. To J. H. Rhodes belongs the credit for the 
 proposition "to paper and furnish a room in a tasteful man- 
 ner." It is said: That he greatly bewildered some of the 
 members by saying "it was customary for literary societies 
 in colleges to have elegantly furnished rooms and valuable 
 libraries." His proposition was accepted and a tax of one 
 dollar per capita was laid on the members, which with the 
 receipts from a Public Lyceum, furnished the necessary 
 means. *The new quarters were fitted up, and though "plain 
 and tasteful, they seemed quite gorgeous in contrast to the 
 dreariness of the Lower Chapel." The foundation of the 
 Delphic library was laid in the year 1857. At the close of a 
 term four or five dollars remained in the treasury and some 
 one moved that the money be expended for books. Three 
 
 *In the present Physical Apparatus Room, on North side first 
 floor. 
 
66 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 books were purchased, one of these 'Tulpit Portraits; or 
 Pen Pictures of Distinguished American Divines," by John 
 Ross Dix. This was the small beginning that has greatly 
 increased to the present handsome and valuable library of 
 the Society. Its growth has been slow since then, but con- 
 tinuous and sure. Mr. O. C. Atwater says in a recent 
 communication, "The last thing I recollect sharing in Del- 
 phic matters was in the appointment of a committee to select 
 and purchase our first bill of books. They were directed 
 to consult the teachers as to their selection. Several im- 
 portant steps were taken — the founding of a library, the 
 gaining of an evening at Commencement for Society exer- 
 cises, with a charge at the door, and the seeking of the best 
 wisdom, the school afforded, in the choice of books. Few 
 libraries have less trash in them than the Hiram Society 
 Libraries. These steps in accumulating and preserving 
 property are all of Delphic origin. 
 
 Up to, and including 1875, its membership contained 
 the names of 515 persons, to which have been added since 
 506, making a total of 1,031, at the close of the century. 
 
 And those now living of its oldest and earliest mem- 
 bership, say to its youngest membership: 
 "Then here's to our boyhood, its gold and its gray! 
 The stars of its winter, the dews of its May! 
 And when we have done with our life-lasting toys, 
 Dear Father, take care of thy children, The Boys/' 
 For over the place the old man's galley crossed, 
 The boasting Present in the Past is lost.* 
 
 *Tlie Delphic Emblem, v/hich hangs in their Hall, was painted 
 by Miss Emma Johnson (Mrs. Dean) in the Spring of 1867. It is 
 based upon a sm.all design that used to be printed in the Eclectic 
 Catalogues, over the list of Delphic members. The original design 
 was drawn by Miss Kate Stark (Mrs. A. Wilcos) in consultation with 
 Mrs. Garfield. The present Hesperian Emblem was painted by Misa 
 Stata Newcomb soon after the Delphic Emblem. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 67 
 
 The Hesperian Literary Society, or Hesperian Lyceum, 
 as it was chartered May 3, 1862, was organized August 22, 
 1S55. Of its earliest membership not many names have 
 
 been preserved, but here are some who 
 The Hesperian. i. i_i ^ . v 
 
 were, probably, present at its organiza- 
 tion : John Hurd, W. H. Turner, A. B. Curtiss, E. B. Mon- 
 roe, Ambrose Mason, Frank H. Mason, Basil G. Hank^ 
 James Mason, C. Harris, Edward Allen, and Dudley Bea- 
 man. 
 
 The foremost men in the Society at the beginning were 
 John Hurd "grave, deliberate, and decorous," and William 
 H. Turner, "intense, pointed and positive." Its equipment 
 in property and furniture was meager in the extreme. Its 
 earliest condition was not unlike that of its chief competi- 
 tor, the Delphic. "The gloom of the place of meeting, 
 which was a room too large, by far, was only aggravated 
 by a prodigal display in one corner, of four or five candles. 
 An unvarnished box, 'brown with the umber of human con- 
 tact,' was the repository of dull conundrums, local hits, and 
 pointless wit, whence during the evening the Secretary was 
 wont to draw forth things, both "new and old." This was 
 the far-famed "budget-box," which it required considerable 
 debate in after years to abolish. I recall nothing remark- 
 able in the exercises of the Society, during this period. "^^ 
 The chronicles of the Society and its traditions reveal the 
 fact that it passed through several "wars of revolution" be- 
 fore its evolution into the strong, energetic, radical, and in- 
 tense Society, "curbed and reined by the conserving force of 
 parliamentary law and usage," that it afterwards became. 
 During its earliest years "the accessions to its membership 
 were from a fair average of the students of the Institute; 
 not always profound in scholarship, nor brilliant in orator- 
 
 *Judge H. C. White, in Historical Address, 1876. 
 
68 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ical display, they yet became infused with one virtue on be- 
 coming members, a deep and hearty Society spirit."* 
 Among the propositions debated as early as 1858 was, 
 "Roman Catholicism is dangerous to the American Repub- 
 lic, and ought not to be tolerated by its laws." 
 
 During the spring term of 1859, "the Hesperian hall 
 was neatly painted and decorated, and adorned with a pic- 
 ture of the star of Hesper, done in oil, and presented to the 
 Society by Miss Kate Stark, a member of the Olive Branch. 
 At this time and afterward, the interchange of civilities be- 
 tween the Olive Branch and Hesperian was quite frequent; 
 the societies often calling upon each other, during their re- 
 spective sessions." 
 
 In the autumn of 1859 the Hesperian Society made its 
 
 first great effort to found a library. With the societies, as 
 
 with the school, the "library question" was a great question. 
 
 In the month of November, 1853, there 
 
 ^ .^ ^ .. was not a single library or book that bc- 
 Library Question. , t • • • 1 i- 1 
 
 longed to the Institution, either directly 
 
 or indirectly, with the possible exception of the Bible, in the 
 chapel. In the winter of 1854-5, a library for the Western 
 Reserve Eclectic Institute was, with due ceremony, inaugu- 
 rated, with "brief speeches by Principal Hayden, Mr. Mun- 
 nell, and probably Mr. Dunshee, appropriate to the occa- 
 sion." In 1858, not more than eighteen volumes comprised 
 what was called the Delphic Library. About the same time 
 that the Delphic Library was established, "the Hesperian 
 Society began to collect funds for the purchase of books." 
 Its course was somewhat different from that followed by 
 the Delphics. Instead of using money, more or less, that 
 might be in its treasury from time to time, in the purchase 
 of a few books, it allowed time to elapse, and a larger fund 
 
 * Judge H. C. White, 1876. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 69 
 
 was collected, before any books were purchased. And v/hen 
 the new Hesperian Library was installed in the Library 
 room, "it was decidedly an event, owing to the number and 
 choice quality of the books that were displayed when the 
 library was opened." 
 
 One of the great controversies relating to the Hesperian 
 library, and one which, for a time, threatened the dissolu- 
 tion of the Society, was over the question of allowing the 
 Delphic Society equal privileges in the use of their books. 
 Amzi Atwater offered the motion that created the storm. 
 He was supported by H. D. Carlton, H. S. Glazier, E. B. 
 Monroe, Sutton Newcomb, and others ; while the opposition 
 was led by "Jack" Diile, supported by P. C. Reed, J. W. 
 Nelson, B. G. Hank and others. Only a few members were 
 among the doubtful ones and subject to persuasion. The 
 argument in favor of the proposition was based on the 
 ground — First, for friendly relations with our rival ; second, 
 if v/e grant them the use of our library they will return the 
 favcr ; third, that thus we shall have access to a wider selec- 
 tion of books, and the societies will not need to duplicate 
 im.portant works. The opposition warmly maintained: 
 First, we were independent of them and wished no connec- 
 tion, and we would neither grant nor ask favors; second, 
 too m.uch use of the books would wear them out ; third, the 
 many slights and insults received from the Delphic Society 
 should be against the proposition. The debate continued for 
 weeks and finally resulted in the refusal to grant the use of 
 the library to the Delphics, by a majority of one or two votes. 
 The matter was reconsidered at a subsequent term and the 
 more liberal policy adopted; and the two society libraries 
 have been of mutual value ever since. 
 
 Up to and including 1876, its aggregate membership 
 had included 456 persons, to which have been added since, 
 
70 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 and including 1900, 531, making a total of 987. A few of 
 those who constituted the first membership of the Hesperian 
 Society are yet living, and of its experiences each one says : 
 
 "I see the shadow of my former self gliding from child- 
 hood up to man's estate ;" and they are glad to let some of 
 its sunbeams fall along the life-path of their younger breth- 
 ren, in whose "bright lexicon of youth there's no such word 
 as fail." 
 
 The historian of the Delphic Society in 1875 placed on 
 record some observations which are very interesting a quar- 
 ter of a century later. He said : ''Fruit- 
 
 „.,„., ful as the ancient period had been in les- 
 
 Society History. ^ 
 
 sons of experience, some things remained 
 to be learned. They are these : 
 
 I — There is room in Hiram for only three literary so- 
 cieties — two for Gentlemen and one for Ladies. 
 
 2 — The Gentlemen's societies must be co-ordinate. 
 
 3 — The proper place for the younger pupils is the Rhet- 
 orical Class, where they can be under the eye of an instruc- 
 tor. Such, no doubt, will be the policy of the college in the 
 future. 
 
 Experience has also taught another thing: The two 
 Gentlemen's societies are never equal in ability for any long 
 time ; first one leads and then the other. A society becomes 
 strong ; it becomes particular about its members ; the young- 
 er students are drawn towards the other. As a result the 
 stronger society is not recruited, and as its old members 
 leave, it becomes weak, while the weaker becomes strong. 
 Then the same process begins again, only the societies have 
 exchanged places. How many times in twenty years have I 
 seen this law assert itself !"* 
 
 *Historical Address, 1875, by B. A. Hinsdale. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. f71 
 
 The following reminiscence from Mrs. B. A. Hinsdale 
 will fittingly close the Eclectic period of society history : 
 
 It was at the beginning of the Winter term of 1852-3 
 that I first came to Hiram. There was in existence at that 
 time a society called simply the Ladies' Literary Society. I 
 attended its first session for the term. It met that night in 
 the 'Trimary," now Prof. Colton's room. I was greatly 
 impressed with its ability, and I think now, as I look back 
 to it with my enthusiasm subdued by the judgment of mature 
 years, that it really had much literary strength. Miss Booth 
 was the controlling power. The Miss Carltons and Clarks 
 were members. Among the younger members were Lucre- 
 tia Rudolph, Mary Mason, Mary Atwater, Parintha Dean, 
 and others whose names I have forgotten. ***** Qne 
 feature of the exercises was conversation. The theme one 
 evening was the ''Life and Character of Margaret Fuller." 
 Miss Booth was greatly interested in the career of this noble 
 woman, and as this was shortly after the publication of her 
 ''Memoirs" by Horace Greeley, the story of her wonderful 
 life, so sadly terminated, was fresh in many minds. Miss 
 Booth had this book, which she took pains that the different 
 members of the Society should read. This Society had given 
 a Public Lyceum the term before — the first Public Lyceum 
 ever given by the ladies in the history of the Eclectic. The 
 fame of this performance had sounded all over these hills, 
 and far away into the valleys. Its echoes had not yet died 
 away when I came. From this one and that one, I gathered 
 thoughts, expressions, and incidents it had scattered so that 
 I could write its history to-day better than the history of 
 which I was myself a part. It had published a paper called 
 the "Eclectic Star," and the Eclectic Society, composed of 
 gentlemen, of course, treated it in this manner in a paper 
 of their own: 
 
 "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, 
 How I wonder what you are; 
 
 Up above the world so high. 
 Like a pumpkin in the sky!" 
 
 An incident occurred at this Lyceum which shows the 
 authority of Miss Booth over the young ladies. Some one 
 
72 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 reported that Mr. Dunshee had said, "Women have no 
 souls." This report was made the text of an article called 
 "Mahommedanism in Hiram." The editor of the paper 
 began to read this piece, which had been smuggled into its 
 pages. The audience had listened long enough to perceive 
 the direction of the thought, when Miss Booth arose from 
 her seat, took the paper from the young lady's hand, saying, 
 "This article has never been submitted to the inspection of 
 the proper authority. Its reading can proceed no further." 
 
 In the spring of 1853, this Society gave its second Pub- 
 lic Lyceum. I have forgotten almost the whole programme, 
 but Miss Atwater's subject was "The Vv^orld's Fair," Miss 
 Lucretia Rudolph's, "Europe in the i6th Century." There 
 was a written discussion about the utility of studying Greek 
 and Latin. Miss Jennie A. Gardner affirmed that it was 
 best to pursue these studies ; Miss Mary E. Turner denied. 
 For the latter young lady this was a great undertaking ; but 
 after much anxiety and mental strain her room-mate, Miss 
 Wealtha Ann Hayden, said her paper would do if it ended 
 with a few good sentences in addition, and as she wielded a 
 readier pen she kindly furnished them. Whether Miss Gard- 
 ner ever found this out or not, I cannot say. I can re- 
 member only one word in the whole performance, and that 
 is "amaranthine." 
 
 The financial condition of Hiram College, from the 
 opening days of the Eclectic Institute to the close of its half- 
 century of history, has always been a cause for more or less 
 
 solicitude to those who have been depend- 
 
 Financial , . . j . ^ .1 
 
 _ . ed upon to raise and mvest the money 
 
 needed for all purposes. The first Board 
 
 of Trustees banked quite largely on the faith they had in 
 
 their enterprise and on those whom they believed would 
 
 stand by them, instead of a good bank account. They often 
 
 builded by faith instead of by sight. With about half of the 
 
 money subscribed, necessary to buy the land and erect the 
 
 building, they went on and pushed the enterprise through 
 
 its first stages, and opened the school. It was a courageous 
 
FRANCIS MARION GREEN. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. ^3 
 
 thing to do, but courageous men were behind it. The West- 
 ern Reserve Eclectic Institute was in the hearts of many, 
 though their hands had not yet been trained to large liber- 
 ality. It was a stock corporation, with the pov^er of perpet- 
 ual succession given to its stockholders and Board of Trus- 
 tees; with a minimum stock of seven and a maximum of 
 fifty thousand dollars, as provided by the charter. This 
 stock was divided into shares of twenty-five dollars each. 
 It was not until the fall of 185 1 that the minimum stock was 
 subscribed and then the subscriptions fell more than three 
 thousand dollars short of the debt that had been incurred. 
 The actual cash received into the treasury fell more than 
 two thousand dollars short of the subscriptions. Numerous 
 solicitors were appointed, but funds came in but slowly and 
 in small amounts. In 1852 the Building Committee reported 
 that its debt was about five thousand dollars. In the mean- 
 time the Board had contracted a new debt of three thousand 
 dollars to build boarding-houses, and subsequently it bought 
 the Higley farm for about two thousand more. Toward 
 the close of the period of establishment the debt, notwith- 
 standing the sale of the boarding houses and part of the 
 farm, was more than five thousand four hundred dollars. 
 It Is not necessary to enumerate the various plans which 
 were proposed for raising the money, and which in many 
 cases came to nothing. The entire debt was not paid during 
 the lifetime of the Eclectic Institute, and many times its 
 burden almost crushed the life out of the school. 
 
 During the entire lifetime of the school until it became 
 a college, it depended for its current expenses upon the 
 liberality of its patronage. It had no endowment and if 
 any wills had matured they had not yet become available for 
 income. The salaries of its teachers were paid by the re- 
 ceipts from tuition; and notwithstanding the number of 
 
74 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 students this source of income was inadequate. The tuition 
 was very low. In the first sessions it was : 
 
 Elements of English $3 • oo 
 
 Higher English 4.00 
 
 Higher Mathematics and Languages 5.00 
 
 In the second year an advance of fifty cents per term 
 was made in all these branches, and a small incidental fee 
 charged. But the average tuition throughout the seven- 
 teen years of its existence was only a little more than $5.50 
 per term. No official record exists of what was paid to the 
 teachers at first, but it can be said that the amount paid them 
 was very small. There is a tradition that Miss Booth re- 
 ceived two dollars per week. 
 
 In 1853 an arrangement of salaries was made as 
 follows : 
 
 Principal $700 
 
 Teacher of Languages 450 
 
 Teacher of Mathematics 450 
 
 Teacher of Natural Science 400 
 
 Teacher of English Department 300 
 
 Assistant Teacher in English Department 250 
 
 Teacher in Primary Department 150 
 
 The next year these salaries were slightly increased. 
 But even these sm.all amounts were not received with any 
 degree of regularity, and embarrassing debts were often 
 the result. In 1855 there was a deficit of over seven hun- 
 dred dollars, and this burden fell generally on the teachers. 
 Consoling resok^ions were frequently passed by the Board 
 of Trustees in favor of the teachers, of which the following 
 is a specimen : "Resolved, that a note to Norman Dunshee 
 for $75.45, dated June 18, 1857, for balance due him at that 
 time on salary as teacher, be paid as soon as funds can be 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 75 
 
 had from the treasury/' It is no wonder, therefore, that 
 the Faculty page in the catalogues of the Eclectic show so 
 many changes, and yet, it is a source of no little gratifica- 
 tion to know that most of the prominent teachers remained 
 for many years with the institution and gave it a large part 
 of the very best of their life and work. These teachers 
 were animated by the same spirit, manifested by Mr. Gar- 
 field in 1857, when in a letter to a friend, he says of his 
 return to Hiram : "1 have determined to do so, partly to hold 
 it up, and I am determined that it shall move for one year." 
 And the work that he did during his first term as Principal 
 is a characteristic specimen of the work done by these poorly 
 paid but consecrated teachers during the period of the "Old 
 Eclectic." He says: "We have raised over four hundred 
 dollars to build a fence round the Eclectic grounds. We 
 have remodeled the government, published rules, published 
 a new catalogue, and have now, the fourth week, 250 stu- 
 dents — no primary — as orderly as clock-work, and all hard 
 at work. Our teachers are Dunshee, Everest, Rhodes and 
 Almeda. I teach seven classes and take the entire charge of 
 the school and its correspondence besides. I have the most 
 advanced classes in the school and deliver the most of the 
 morning lectures." 
 
 Mr. A. Teachout, who has been officially connected 
 with the college since 1867, and whose friendship for the 
 school has never been lukewarm or cold, in a report made 
 as President of the Board of Trustees in 1890, has this to 
 say concerning financial afifairs : "In that regard I have to 
 say, that we are, as we always have been, struggling with 
 poverty. But we still manage to wear good clothes. If any 
 doubt that, look over this building from basement to gar- 
 ret. Then, take a walk over to the Boarding Halls, and, I 
 think, you will say with me, that if any of the largely en- 
 
76 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 dowed colleges can make any better showing in Club rooms, 
 Library, Museum, and Society Halls, as well as Boarding 
 Halls, let them show up and we will compare notes. But 
 while we have these elegant new buildings, they would be 
 almost valueless in this place, if the school should go down 
 as it has sometimes in its history. Therefore, the strictest 
 economy in the running expenses should be observed, and, 
 what endowment we have, to produce income, should not be 
 allowed to diminish, no matter what the emergency, but 
 rather a strong effort should be made to increase it." 
 
 To the credit of the Institution it may be said that dur- 
 ing the entire period of its history, or for fifty years, no 
 scandals have ever clouded its financial transactions, no de- 
 falcations in solicitors or agents have ever occurred, and no 
 serious mistakes have ever been made in investing its funds. 
 And while, occasionally, its creditors have been compelled 
 to wait a little longer than was agreeable for what was justly 
 due them, in the end, the Institution has paid dollar for dol- 
 lar of its obligations, or made with the parties concerned, a 
 satisfactory adjustment. 
 
 Perhaps the most flourishing libraries of Hiram Col- 
 lege are those belonging to the Literary societies, but the 
 College Library proper has attained a good degree, and 
 "greatly increased" since its small begin- 
 The Libraries j^-^g. -^^ ^^le early days of the Eclectic In- 
 
 ^ ,, stitute. As it never has had any of^cial 
 
 patronage, no ofBcial records can be 
 found concerning its foundation ; but Mr. B. A. Hinsdale 
 has furnished the following personal recollections : 
 
 "When I first went to Hiram in the month of Novem- 
 ber, 1853, there was not a single library or book that be- 
 longed to the Institution, either directly or indirectly, with 
 the possible exception of the Bible in the chapel. There 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 77 
 
 was a room between the two staircases looking out to the 
 eastward that was called the 'Library' but it was empty so 
 far as books were concerned. This continued to be the 
 state of things until the following year, that is, the winter 
 of 1854-55. 
 
 When I returned to Hiram in the fall of 1854, my at- 
 tention was called to a few shelves of books in Esquire 
 Udall's bookstore. These I was told were to constitute the 
 new library, which now I heard of for the first time. In the 
 course of that term it was announced from the chapel that 
 the library would be duly inaugurated at a time fixed, and at 
 this time the books were brought to the chapel, piled up on 
 the breastwork in front of the stand, and the dedication 
 exercises v/ent forward. I do not know how many volumes 
 there were, but doubt if there were to exceed 100, although 
 there may have been. Brief speeches were made by Prin- 
 cipal Hayden, Mr. Munnell, and probably Mr. Dunshee, ap- 
 propriate to the occasion. The books were then carried to 
 a bookcase with glass doors that stood in the southwest cor- 
 ner of the Lower Chapel. At stated times, perhaps once a 
 week, this bookcase was opened, and books were drawn by 
 those who wished to draw them. 
 
 As to the manner in which these books were provided. 
 It was stated at the time that during the term or terms pre- 
 vious to the inauguration of the new library, a musical 
 society or class had been organized, the members of which 
 paid tuition fees, with the understanding that the proceeds 
 were to be applied to the purchase of books for the use of 
 the school. I was not in school at the time that this society 
 flourished, and probably should not have been a member of 
 it if I had been, but I understood that the instruction was 
 given by Principal Hayden and by Mr. Gideon L. Apple- 
 gate, who was a student of musical talents prominent in 
 
^8 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Hiram circles in those years. One set of books that was 
 purchased with these funds, was the British Essayist, the 
 American edition, bound in bl:.ck cloth, some of which, I 
 suppose are still found in the library. I think if the fly 
 leaves of some of these volumes are examined, the word 
 "Atheneum" will be found written in Principal Hayden's 
 hand. If so, I suppose the meaning to be that this was the 
 name of the musical society. Still other books were given 
 by individual donors. I may add that it was by the way of 
 the volumes just described that I first became acquainted 
 with British essayists, to the reading of which I was at one 
 time much devoted. 
 
 This library grew slowly owing to lack of funds. 
 Books were given by teachers, by students, and occasion- 
 ally by outside friends. I remember, too, that literary exer- 
 cises were occasionally given for the purpose of raising 
 money for the library. What is more, the government doc- 
 uments that have been contributed to the Institution so 
 freely since General Garfield's first year in Congress always 
 found their way to the shelves of this library. Its growth, 
 however, has been very slow, for I do not suppose the Board 
 of Trustees has ever voted a dollar for the purchase of 
 books. All things considered, there is reason for surprise 
 that this library has attained its present size and usefulness." 
 
 The College library at present numbers 1,538 volumes; 
 the Delphic 1,410; the Hesperian 1,121; the Olive Branch 
 415; all others, 4,322; making a total of 8,806 volumes. 
 These books have generally been well selected and are of 
 more than ordinary value. The volumes unclassified above 
 include catalogued Public Documents, and the libraries of 
 the Y. M. C. A., Student Volunteer Band, Natural History 
 Societ}^ and the Medical Association. 
 
 No history of Hiram College would be complete with- 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. ^9 
 
 out some reference to its early commencements. In many 
 
 respects they were imique. They were not, as in colleges 
 
 and universities, the occasion for confer- 
 
 _ ^^ ^ rinpf desrrees upon srraduates for in that 
 
 Commencements. 00 x- o 
 
 sense, there were no graduates and there 
 were no degrees. They were occasions, rather, when friends 
 of the Institution came from near and from far, to spend 
 a good day, to take their children back to their homes, to 
 give encouragement to the hard working teachers, to get a 
 good dinner, and to hear and see such literary wonders and 
 development, as the annual programmes chrystalized and 
 advertized. Biit little of detail has come down to the pres- 
 ent concerning these events. Of the first commencement 
 Mrs. Lucretia R. Garfield, in a letter to Prof. A. C. Pierson, 
 
 dated April 28, 1900, writes: 'The first 
 Mrs. Garfield s commencement exercises were held under 
 
 the apple trees of an old orchard which 
 reached over the north-east corner of the Eclectic grounds. 
 A stage was built around one of the largest trees, and dec- 
 orated with whatever we were able to get from the scant 
 flovv^er gardens of that time. Seats for the audience were 
 improvised in the usual way — boards resting on chairs and 
 blocks. No admission was charged, as the chief purpose 
 was to call together as many people as possible to show 
 what we were doing. I do not think the audience was 
 large, still a good many came. I do not remember, but I 
 think the music must have been only vocal, as I think there 
 was no music teacher or an instrument those first two 
 terms* 
 
 *The first reference to instrumental music, in connection with 
 the school, is found in a resolution passed by the Board of Trustees, 
 October 14, 1851. "Resolved, that when lessons shall be given in 
 instrumental music, the Melodean shall be the instrument used for 
 that purpose." 
 
 Jane 20, 1855, another resolution was adopted by the Board : 
 "That the person who has charge of the Seminary property be em- 
 powered to sell the Melodean for what it v/iil bring." 
 
8o HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 It was a perfect day, bright and cool, and had you not 
 given the date, 'May,' I should have said it was a perfect 
 day in June, and we were all in that state of exaltation 
 which belongs to the beginnings of new enterprises. The 
 women of this community loaded a long table with appetiz- 
 ing viands, and opened their houses in the largest hospi- 
 tality their accommodations would permit. This public table 
 became a burden when it grew evident that many came 
 merely for the 'loaves and fishes ;' and it was abandoned. 
 The memories of those days, almost half a century away, 
 seem to belong to another world when the enthusiasms and 
 ambitions filled heart and soul. The details of the Com- 
 mencement exercises are entirely lost to me. I could not 
 have told you that I took any part in them, and don't remem- 
 ber the subject of my poor little essay, nor anything about 
 the 'Colloquy.' Like a wom.an I have a rather vivid recol- 
 lection of the dress I wore — that's all." 
 
 Not many of the programmes of those early Commence- 
 ments have been preserved, but on such as have been 
 brought down to the present the names of Lucretia Ru- 
 dolph, Mary L. Root, Elizabeth A. Woodward, Mary At- 
 water, Eliza E. Clapp, Mary E. Turner, Mary M. Bucking- 
 ham., Sarah A. Harrison, W. W. Hayden, C. P. Bowler, O. 
 C. Atwater, John M. Atv/ater, H. O. Nev/comb, Alanson 
 Wilcox, B. A. Hinsdale, W. L. Hayden, H. M. James, and 
 many others, are written large. 
 
 The last Commencement programme 
 
 Commencement 
 
 presented the following: 
 
 „ „ under Mr. A. S. Hayden's administration 
 Programme, 1857. 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 81 
 
 (Pr^er ot JExerctses 
 
 Forenoon 
 
 1 ESSAY, 
 
 2 ESSAY, 
 
 3 ESSAY, 
 
 4 ESSAY, 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 Eliza Kkowlton, Eagleville 
 
 Elizabeth A. Woodward, Lordstoiun 
 
 Sarah Rudolph, Garrettsville 
 
 The Unseen 
 
 China 
 
 Petra 
 
 Fine Arts 
 
 Merinda a. Stark, Garrettsville 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 5 ESSAY, - - - - Female Poets of America 
 
 Frank H. Robinson, Ravenna 
 
 6 POEM, ----- A Dream of Youth 
 
 Sylvia Haven, Shalersville 
 
 7 ESSAY, Bubbles 
 
 Mary M. Buckingham, Hiram 
 
 8 ESSAY, ---... Bayard Taylor 
 
 Marvt Atwater, Mantua 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 9 ESSAY, ...... Gumption 
 
 Sarah A. Harrison, Painesville 
 
 10 ESSAY, ... - The Eloquence of Ruins 
 
 Eliza E. Clapp, Hiratn 
 
 11 DISCUSSION, 
 
 Has the Bonaparte Family been a Blessing to France? 
 Aff. — H. L. Moore, Mantua 
 Neg. — P. C. Reed, Auburn 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 1 LATIN SALUTATORY, .... 
 
 W. W. Ha YD en, Deer field 
 
 Ruins in Central America 
 C. P. Bowler, Auburn 
 
 The South and Migration 
 O. C. Atwater, Mantua 
 
 A Representative Man 
 W. H. Turner, Troy 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 - Progress of Mind in America 
 H. O. Newcomb, Hiram 
 
 Water 
 A. Wilcox, Hinckley 
 
 The Commercial Equator 
 W. L. Haydkn, Deer field 
 
 2 ORATION, 
 
 3 ORATION, 
 
 4 ORATION, 
 
 5 ORATION, 
 
 6 ORATION, 
 
 7 ORATION, 
 
82 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 8 ORATION, ..... Chivalry 
 
 J. M. Atwater, Mantua 
 
 9 COLLOQUY, The Jewess, (fromlvanhoe) 
 
 PERSON^E COLLOqiI 
 
 King Richard, O. C. Atwater 
 Ivanhoe, A. B. Mathews 
 
 Grand Master, H, M. James 
 
 Rebecca, Delia L. Turner 
 
 Herald, B. H. Bostwick 
 
 1st Witness, H. Woods 
 
 2d Witness, S. P. Wolcott 
 
 Higg, (a peasant), P. J. Squier 
 Physician, H. C. White 
 
 Sir Albert Malvoisin, 
 
 J. M. Atwater 
 Sir Brian Guilbert, H. H. Mack 
 Robin Hood, I. W. Ludlow 
 
 Squires and Guards 
 10 ORATION, ...... 
 
 Unity of Purpose — with the Valedictory Address 
 H. M. James, Troy 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 Hiram College has always been fortunate in the selec- 
 tion of its Board of Trustees. With scarcely any excep- 
 tions the men selected to manage its business affairs have 
 
 been men successful in their own busi- 
 Board of Trustees. - , . . , ^ j r i 
 
 ness, of high character, and of command- 
 ing influence in the Church or community of which they 
 were a part. This is eminently true of its first provisional 
 Board chosen in 1849, the most of whom passed over and 
 became the Trustees under the charter of the Eclectic In- 
 stitute. 
 
 Carnot Mason was long and favorably known as one 
 of the leading citizens of Hiram. No man was more faith- 
 ful or more useful in the founding and support of the school. 
 
 He did much at the meeting held in 
 
 Aurora November 7, 1849, to settle the 
 question of the location of the Western Reserve Eclectic 
 Institute. He was firm but not contentious in his disposi- 
 tion. He was a member of the Building Committee and 
 insisted on putting up a good building, for the reason that 
 it would give character and rank to the school. He was 
 President of the Board of Trustees from 1849 to 1856. He 
 w^as an active, devoted Christian and faithful in all his rela- 
 
THE PERIOD OP ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 83 
 
 tions in life. He was born in Vermont December i6, 1804, 
 and died January 31, 1856. 
 
 Symonds Ryder had in him the Pilgrim blood and the 
 
 Puritan firmness. He was the lineal descendant of a Ryder 
 
 who came over in the Mayflower. In character he was as 
 
 sturdy as the oak. He was a man of 
 
 Symonds Ryder. j • j . j • ^ • j • n 
 
 ^ sound judgment and mamtamed an mflex- 
 
 ible character for candor and righteousness. He was a man 
 of peace and cared strictly for his own affairs, and not inter- 
 fering with others ; yet the affairs of others sought him out, 
 and often asked his skillful hand in their adjustment. When 
 he became a member of the church of Hiram in 1828 "he 
 was the most important accession that the Hiram Church 
 has ever had, so far as local results are concerned." His 
 judicious counsels were always appreciated by the Board 
 of Trustees. He was the Treasurer of the Board from 1849 
 to i860 and "in his hands every penny was accounted for." 
 He was born November 20, 1792, at Hartford, Vermont, 
 the same town which was th6 birthplace of Carnot Mason, 
 and died August i, 1870. 
 
 Isaac Errett was "a full-orbed man." The elements 
 were wisely proportioned and mixed in him. During his 
 life he was recognized as a man of extraordinary power and 
 of surpassing fulness of mental equip- 
 ment. His father was born in Ireland, 
 his mother in England. He was one of the best friends 
 Hiram ever had. He was one of the wisest and most capa- 
 ble of its first Board of Trustees. At his suggestion the 
 name, Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, was adopted. In 
 personal appearance he was' striking and prepossessing. 
 He was simple and direct in his speech ; his language was 
 chaste and copious from his vocabulary of Anglo-Saxon 
 words. He was born in New York City January 2, 1820, 
 and died December 19, 1888. 
 
84 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 William Hayden was the incarnation on the Western 
 Reserve of the religious principles of the Disciples of Christ. 
 To his foresight, decision, influence and tremendous energy, 
 
 is due, probably more than to any other 
 
 William Havden. ,^ . . , r 1 , • c t-u 
 
 person the origm and foundation 01 the 
 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. Years before the en- 
 terprise v/as announced he discovered the com.ing need, and 
 conversed upon it w4th persons who were in his intimate 
 counsels. After his death in 1863, his associates in the 
 Board of Trustees placed on record: "To him this Institu- 
 tion owes its existence and present prosperity." He v/as 
 the first "solicitor" or financial agent of the new school; 
 and one of its trustees at the time of his death. He was 
 born in Pennsylvania June 30, 1799, and died April 7, 
 1863. 
 
 Zee Rudolph was a man of rare qualities physically, 
 mentally, morally, and to the end of his long life he sus- 
 tained a blameless reputation. He was a pillar of truth, 
 justice and honor wherever he appeared. 
 Zeb Rudolph. j^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ counsels of the Eclectic he 
 
 was wise in judgment and efficient in action. He was the 
 first Secretary of the Board, and a m.ember of the Building 
 Committee, and a workman in the construction of the build- 
 ing. He was loved and venerated by all who knew him in 
 his mature years. He was born in Maryland in 1803, and 
 died October 20, 1897. 
 
 Frederick Williams, though a native of Massa- 
 chusetts, was long a prominent citizen of Portage County, 
 Ohio. He was actively identified with church and educa- 
 tional affairs for many years. Pie was 
 
 wTinlm? ^"^ °^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^"^ ^^ Trustees of the 
 
 Eclectic Institute and remained a member 
 
 of that body until 1863. On his retirement his associates 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 185O-1857. 85 
 
 said : "We lose one from our number vv^hose earnest interest 
 and zeal commend his example as worthy of imitation by 
 each." 
 
 On Tuesday, November 9, 1858, he offered the first 
 resolution, and which was unanimously adopted, that re- 
 sulted several years later, in changing the name and char- 
 acter of the AVestern Reserve Eclectic Institute to Hiram 
 College. He was also appointed on a committee consisting, 
 besides himself, of Zeb Rudolph and James A. Garfield, "to 
 inquire into the expediency of providing for, and introduc- 
 ing measures to commence a theological class." 
 
 He was born in Warwick, Massachusetts, March 2, 
 1799, and died at Ravenna, Ohio, January 10, 1888. 
 
 Aaron Davis was one of the first Board of Trustees, 
 
 and a man of decided influence in that body. He was one 
 
 of the first agents employed by the Trustees to solicit funds 
 
 . _ . for the new institution; and was asked 
 
 Aaron Davis. 
 
 to Spend as much time as shall be in his 
 powxr, in Trum.bull County, Ohio." He was a man of ex- 
 cellent judgment and keen business sagacity, all of which 
 he used, for the time being, in the interest of the school of 
 which he was one of the incorporators. He was the leading- 
 member of the committee of five which was appointed at 
 the delegate meeting in Ravenna, Wednesday, October 3, 
 1849, *'to visit all places which solicited the location of the 
 school, to investigate and compare the grounds of their re- 
 spective claims, and report at the next delegate meeting, 
 v/hen the question of location was to be decided." He al- 
 ways stood high in the esteem of his neighbors and friends 
 in the church and community. 
 
 He was born April 23, 1809, '^^ Washington County, 
 Pa., and died in Cortland, Ohio, March 6, 1895, at the age 
 of 86 years. 
 
S6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 John Anson Ford was the Burton member of the first 
 Board of Trustees of the Western Reserve Eclectic Insti- 
 tute. The Fords were the pioneers in Burton, the founders 
 of its society, and leaders in all its benev- 
 John Anson ^^^^^ ^^^ educational enterprises. He 
 
 Ford. . 1 1 • r r^ 
 
 came with his parents from Connecticut 
 into Ohio in 1807. He was a farmer who quietly and suc- 
 cessfully pursued "his chosen avocation till a competence 
 enabled him to retire partially from active work." His as- 
 sociates recognized in him, a man firm in purpose, benevo- 
 lent in his impulses and practice, a thoughtful man, candid 
 and wise. Such a character could not have other than great 
 influence over his fellow men. 
 
 He was born in Connecticut September 18, 1798, and 
 died at Wilmington, Illinois, June 23, 1878. 
 
 William W. Richards was one of Hiram's earliest 
 
 friends and business managers. At the age of twenty-four 
 
 he came from the State of New York and settled in Solon, 
 
 Ohio, where for many years he was a suc- 
 
 William W. cessful farmer. He was a valuable citi- 
 
 Richards. t 1 1 . n 
 
 zen. in personal appearance he was tall 
 and manly. He was kind-hearted and just in his business 
 transactions. As a Christian he was held to be a pillar 
 in the church, in which he held a useful membership for 
 many years. 
 
 He was born in Columbia New York, August 14, 1809, 
 and died at Newburgh, Ohio, September 25, 1871. 
 
 George King was a member of the first Board of 
 
 Trustees. His home was in Chardon. He came from 
 
 Connecticut when he was eighteen years old. The family 
 
 came the long journey with teams of oxen 
 
 George King. ^^^ \-,ors^s. The leading qualities of his 
 
 character were "strength of will, energy, moral integrity. 
 
THE PERIOD OP ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. S"/ 
 
 and individual perseverance." He was slow to touch new 
 things, but when he decided he was firm and unyielding. 
 He was always a good counselor and his memory is fondly 
 cherished where he lived so long. 
 
 He was born in Suffield, Connecticut, October 20, 1793, 
 and died at Chardon, O., June 8, 1862. 
 
 Ambrose Latin Soule was a man of extraordinary 
 personality. In every way he was a remarkable man. 
 Physically he was full six feet three inches in height, and 
 
 finely proportioned. His countenance 
 Ambrose Latin -i 1 j 1 . .1 j 1 
 
 g . was mud and pleasant, yet clean and clear- 
 
 cut. He was by nature a leader of men, 
 and "never so much at ease as when in the management of 
 great business." He was hospitable and social, genial and 
 gentlemanly, and yet never forgot to be the dignified man. 
 He was a sincere Christian, and as benevolent and enter- 
 prising for the promotion of the cause of true religion and 
 humanity as for temporal concerns. "The first meeting 
 ever held to consult on the founding of the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute was at the instance and at the residence of A. L. Soule. 
 It was at a yearly meeting in Russell in 1849. ^^- Soule 
 was, himself, chairman of the meeting ; and, here, in the par- 
 lor of Latin Soule's mansion, the purpose took definite form, 
 and from that time proceeded to the completion of the 
 cherished purpose." 
 
 He was born in Dutchess County, New York, May 24, 
 1801, and died ctt Muir, Michigan, June 24, 1857. 
 
 Jefferson Harrison Jones is the only one yet living 
 
 of the honorable and remarkable body of men who formed 
 
 the first Board of Trustees, provisional and permanent, of 
 
 . the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. 
 
 J erson arrison -^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ young man of 36 years of 
 
 age and in the full vigor of a splendid 
 physical, mental and moral equipment. At the beginning 
 
88 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 he was a sincere friend to the new enterprise, and to this 
 day he has never faltered in his interest. For ^"j years he 
 has been a minister of the Word of God. At present, he is 
 living in the serene glow of his long and useful life, at 
 Mount Union, Ohio. 
 
 He was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, June 15, 18 13. 
 
 Samuel Church was one of the incorporators of the 
 Eclectic Institute. He was from Pittsburgh, Pa., a busi- 
 ness man as well as a preacher. His parents were from 
 
 Ireland and came into Lancaster County, 
 Samuel Church. ^ ... ^„^/- tj 
 
 Fennsylvania, m 1790. He was a m.an 
 
 of unusual business ability and became wealthy. His life 
 was full of benefactions. He bore the principal expenses 
 for the education of William Baxter, at Bethany College. 
 He was a Christian, in business, in education, in living — • 
 everywhere. He was born in Lancaster, Pa., February 5, 
 1800, and died at the Astor House, New York City, De- 
 cember 7, 1857. 
 
 Kimball Porter was a business man of large experi- 
 ence in Wooster, Ohio. For many years he was an elder in 
 
 the Church of Christ in that city. In 
 
 Kimball Porter. 01 1 l ia • 
 
 1849 he was chosen as one 01 the mcor- 
 
 porators of the Eclectic Institute. He was a good man 
 and beloved by all who knew him. 
 
 He was born July 4, 1803, in Lee, Massachusetts, and 
 died June 2"], 1863, at Iowa City, Iowa. 
 
 George Pow was born in England, and came to Amer- 
 ica with his parents when he was twenty-one years of age, 
 and settled on a farm near Albany, New York. He after- 
 wards came to Mahoning County, Ohio, 
 George Pow. ^\-^^^^ he lived the remainder of his life. 
 As a man he was respected by all who knew him. Though 
 a farmer, *'he was a reader, a scholar by self-culture, and 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 89 
 
 a linguist of no mean attainments/' He was a man of 
 great firmness, clear thought, superior judgment, candid 
 and conscientious. The oldest record that has been pre- 
 served of the delegate meeting^- held in Hiram December 20, 
 1849, is that which announced him as one of the Board of 
 Trustees "to carry out the wishes of the delegates" in that 
 meeting. 
 
 He was born in England December 6, 1800, and died 
 March 14, 1871. 
 
 These represent "the men who did for Hiram some- 
 thing first, that it might be afterward able to do more for 
 itself." The Board of Trustees, thus personated, were a 
 harmonious body of men. So far as the records show, their 
 action on all matters of importance was unanimous. It 
 could not well have been otherwise, for they were all work- 
 ing for the same end, and controlled by the same great 
 principle. 
 
 During the period of A. S. Hayden's administration, 
 
 or from July 15, 1850, to June 17, 1857, Carnot Mason held 
 
 the office of President of the Board of Trustees for six years 
 
 and Alvah Udall for one year. These 
 
 resi erits ^^^^ ^^^ j^^j^ ^-^^^ office for the entire 
 
 01 the 
 Board of Trustees, i'^^time of the Eclectic. Mr. Udall held 
 
 the office longer than any other person; 
 his service beginning in 1856 and ending in 1880. In that 
 position he never had a superior and it is doubtful whether 
 he ever will be surpassed in all the qualities necessary for 
 the office. 
 
 The financial agents, or solicitors as they were gen- 
 erally called, were quite numerous during this period. 
 William Hayden was the first one chosen. Afterwards 
 
 «,. . , , Horace Dutchin, Calvin Smith, J. H. 
 
 Financial Agents. ^ . ^ ' . _^ /-1 • o 
 
 Jones, Aaron Davis, Deacon Cnapm, b. 
 
 R. Willard, Symonds Ryder, Charles Brown, J. A. Ford, 
 
9© HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 A. B. Green, Frederick Williams, Brown Penniman and 
 Warren A. Belding were chosen for the same purpose, and 
 often several of them were operating at the same time. 
 They had the usual fortune of such agents — 3. varying suc- 
 cess. It cannot now be told which was the most valuable. 
 It is probable that Mr. Belding secured more cash and 
 pledges than any other. He was in the field longer than 
 any other agent, and had rare qualifications for such work. 
 No serious attempt, if any, was made during this period for 
 an endowment fund. What was raised was needed for 
 current expenses, and a debt created at the beginning of 
 the Institution, was not satisfied during the time of the 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. 
 
 Symonds Ryder was Treasurer of the Board of 
 Trustees from his first election in 1849 until i860, and no 
 man ever was more faithful in the dis- 
 charge of the duties of a like trust. 
 In many respects Mr. Kayden's administration had 
 been eminently successful. He had been very fortunate 
 in the choice of teachers associated with him in class room 
 and management. His honorable char- 
 Close of the acter had deeply impressed itself upon 
 
 . , . . , ^. the school and its patrons. His wide ac- 
 
 Administration. ^ 
 
 quaintance as preacher and educator had 
 greatly enlarged the horizon of the Institution. But it soon 
 became apparent that his growth in the qualities of leader- 
 ship was not increasing with the growth and widening in- 
 fluence and patronage of the school. Dissatisfaction was 
 expressed by many of its oldest, best and most intimate 
 friends. In some cases the teachers who had entered the 
 class rooms of the Eclectic Institute unknown except to a 
 very limited number had passed their Principal in scholar- 
 ship and in administrative ability. Miss Booth, one of the 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 91 
 
 greatest teachers the school ever had, in 
 i^d ^°t * ^ letter to a friend, April 13, 1855, said: 
 "I cannot see very clearly what fate has 
 in store for the Eclectic, but surely it will be a great over- 
 sight to allow it to remain in its present position."* In a 
 letter to Mr. Garfield while a student at Williams College, 
 in February, 1856, Miss Booth said: "Brother Hayden 
 thinks you are morally bound to come back here, but I 
 think the moral obligation resting upon him is quite as 
 strong to give up the management to you if you do come. 
 I know you can never endure to work under him, for it is 
 ten times as irksome to me as it was before I went away. 
 James, would you risk to come here and see what you can 
 do with the school? It certainly is a good location, and I 
 know you would succeed, if you were not embarrassed by 
 dictation or management."* 
 
 Others expressed themselves in an equally radical way. 
 Mr. Hayden could not help seeing the trend of things and 
 wisely on May 20, 1857, offered "his resignation as Prin- 
 cipal of the Institute, to take effect at the end of the pres- 
 ent term," to the Board of Trustees, "which was read, con- 
 sidered and accepted." The Board of Trustees on motion 
 of Dr. M. Jewett, "Resolved, that the thanks of the Trus- 
 tees of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, be tendered 
 to A. S. Hayden for the faithful and efficient manner in 
 which he has fulfilled the arduous duties while acting as 
 Principal of the Institute." June 18, 1857, closed Mr. Hay- 
 den's relation to the Institution as Principal. In his fare- 
 well words he said in part: "The Insti- 
 Mr. Hay den's tution was founded in the year 1850, and 
 is now completing seven full years of its 
 history. Since the day it was opened it has progressed 
 
 *Reminiscences of Garfield, by C. E. Fuller, p. 186; p. 217. 
 
92 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Steadily and rapidly in numbers and public favor. The 
 number of students for the last few years has been from 
 two hundred to two hundred and fifty in constant attend- 
 ance. They are drawn from half the counties of this state, 
 from thirteen or fourteen of the other states, and from 
 Canada." * * ^- "It is a leading object of the Institute 
 to impart thorough instruction in the elementary branches 
 of an English education. It is determined, therefore, to be- 
 stow constant and careful attention upon this department. 
 Yet this is not a mere English or Normal school. Fev/ col- 
 leges in the west cultivate more successfully the study of 
 the Classics, including Hebrew, French and German, than 
 does this Collegiate Seminary. It encourages no hot- 
 house scholarship. It would secure the inestimable ad- 
 vantages of a correct education by a due and proportionate 
 attention to all its departments." 
 
 ''A distinguishing feature of the Eclectic Institute is 
 the morning lecture on Sacred History. This is found to 
 be not only highly engaging and instructive, but likewise so 
 
 to impress the students with correct moral 
 Morning Lectures. • - i j.i 'i. j 
 
 prmciple, under the weight and sanction 
 
 of Divine authority, as to result in the happiest conse- 
 quences of good order and upright behavior." * * * * 
 "At the close of this session terminates my connection with 
 the Eclectic Institute. I retire from these responsible 
 duties with gratifying recollections of all the principal events 
 of its history. I cherish the kindest personal regards, and 
 warmest attachm.ents of friendsnip towards all the teachers 
 and aids who have co-labored in raising the Institution to 
 its present enviable position in the confidence of the public. 
 For seven years I have watched with anxious solicitude 
 the establishment of the great principles of order and mor- 
 ality, which, it is trusted, are yet to carry it to a higher po- 
 
THE PERIOD OF ESTABLISHMENT, 1850-1857. 93 
 
 sition of far greater influence. Other important duties in 
 the Kingdom of God press upon me. And having filled up 
 the full measure of time anticipated by myself in accepting' 
 the appointment; without the abatement of jot or tittle of 
 my anxious interest for its prosperity ; with entire harmony 
 of feelings towards the present, experienced and very able 
 Board of Instructors, I commend the Institution to the dis- 
 criminating and generous public. I am happy to assure the 
 friends of the Institution that it is to continue under the 
 managem.ent of the present highly accomiplished Board of 
 Teachers, so fully acquainted v/ith its spirit, and the wishes 
 of its numerous patrons. Every department is fully pro- 
 vided for. They have appointed J. A. Garfield, Chairman 
 of the Board, through w^hom the correspondence of the In- 
 stitute may be conducted. To God be all 
 
 Benediction. - • r n ^^i j -i. i Ui. 
 
 the praise for all the good it has wrought ; 
 
 and may the riches of His grace in Jesus Christ our Lord 
 fall upon it like the dews on the mountains of Zion, that it 
 may prove an exhaustless fountain of truth and goodness 
 among men." 
 
 In 1 86 1 Mr. Hay den was elected to the Board of 
 Trustees and served in that office until the Institution be- 
 came a College in 1867. From this time he ceased to be 
 an active participant, either as counselor 
 or administrator, for the school, vv^hose 
 interests had commanded the best of his heart and life dur- 
 ing all the years of its inception, poverty, peril and pro- 
 gress. And, whatever credit may be given to others who 
 followed him, for the success of the Institution whose foun- 
 dation he helped to lay, his name cannot be, and will not be 
 forgotten. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Eclectic Institute — The Garfield Administra- 
 tion — 1857-1863. 
 
 History, it has been said, has its foreground and its 
 background, and it is principally in the management of its 
 perspective that one artist differs from another. Some 
 events must be represented on a large scale, others dimin^ 
 ished. The great majority will be lost in the dimness of the 
 horizon, and a general idea of their joint effect will be given 
 by a few slight touches. Such must be the case, in a degree, 
 concerning the period in the history of Hiram College, now 
 to be considered. 
 
 When Mr. Hayden offered his resignation May 20, 
 1857, and it had been accepted by the Board of Trustees, 
 'Tt was resolved, that the present teachers of the Institu- 
 tion be constituted a Board of Education, 
 Board ^ to conduct the educational concerns of 
 
 the school, subject to the counsel and ad- 
 vice of the Board." This board of instruction which con- 
 sisted of James A. Garfield, Norman Dunshee, H. W. Ever- 
 est, J. H. Rhodes, and Almeda A. Booth, made Mr. Gar- 
 field its chairman, and he was so published in the catalogue 
 of 1856-57. By this action he became Principal in fact 
 though not in name. The next year he became Principal 
 in name as well. From this time onward 
 Garfield ^ ^^^.^ ^g^^ ^^.^ ^^^^ appears annually in 
 
 becomes Principal' ^ . . , - 
 
 the catalogues, either as Pnncipal or ad- 
 visory Principal and Lecturer, with the exception of the 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 95 
 
 year 1864. After his service as Principal and Teacher 
 ceased, he became a member of the Board of Trustees and 
 remained such until his death in 188 1. 
 
 Mr. Garfield came to Hiram in 185 1, and entered as 1 
 student in the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute August 
 25 of that year. From that time until he removed his fam- 
 The ily to Mentor in 1877, Hiram was his 
 
 Hiram History home. Great as the temptation is to 
 of Garfield. reach out into his life as soldier, states- 
 man and President of the United States, the history here 
 given must be mainly that in which Hiram is the center. 
 When he came to Hiram in 185 1 he lacked a few months of 
 His being twenty years of age. He was 
 
 Personal strong, broad shouldered and substantial, 
 
 Appearance. ^-^.j^ ^ large head and bushy, light brown 
 hair. His features were plain but manly and sensible. For 
 so young a man his character was strongly marked by un- 
 flinching principle and "illimitable common sense." He had 
 in him the instincts of a gentleman, though his manners 
 were not polished or elegant. He was always polite and 
 
 courteous but his politeness and courtesy 
 His Courtesy. ^^ . . . , 1 , r 1 
 
 ^ were matters of prmciple and not 01 pol- 
 
 icy. Fie wais moved in his intercourse with men, not by 
 the rules and regulations of the drawing-room, or exquisite 
 society, but by the rules that are fundamental to a true 
 Christian character. There was a genial kindly look in his 
 blue eyes, which every one felt who came in contact with 
 him, and yet a certain dignity which always commanded 
 respect; but on occasion his mild blue eyes "blazed like 
 battle lanterns lit." During two terms at Hiram he was 
 janitor of the building; and he made the 
 fires, swept the floors and rang the bell 
 and Mr. Corydon E. Fuller, one of his most intimate 
 
g6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 friends, says: "My first distinct recollection of him, was 
 within a day or two after the opening of the term August 25, 
 185 1, as he stood in the hall grasping the bellrope to signal 
 the change of classes ; his clothing was of material then 
 known as Kentucky jeans, and his arms to the elbows were 
 protected by sleeves of calico." 
 
 His first term at the Eclectic closed November 14, 1851, 
 and so rapid had been his progress, that at the "public exer- 
 cises" with which the term closed, Mr. Garfield pronounced 
 the valedictory oration.* Only the first 
 
 Q . ^ and last paragraphs of this oration are 
 
 here given : ''Fellow Students, the time 
 has at length arrived when our connection with this insti- 
 tution and with each other, as seekers of knowledge, is about 
 to terminate, at least for a season. It is fitting that we take 
 a retrospective view, and consider for a few moments that 
 series of events which is now about to close." * * * "jj^ 
 all the various relations we have sustained to each other 
 there has been hardly a jarring note to interrupt the har- 
 mony of our intercourse. We part. Never again shall we 
 all meet on these mundane shores. We go and soon are 
 scattered o'er the earth. Death does his work and we sink 
 down into his dark domains. Shall we there rest while 
 endless ages roll? Shall morning never dawn upon that 
 dreamless sleep? Religion holds the lamp at Death's dark 
 threshold and lights the passage through its gloomy shades. 
 We'll pass its dusky portals — eternity bursts in upon our 
 view — and there around the throne of God we'll meet to 
 part no more." 
 
 In the winter of 1852 he taught his last district school. 
 This was in Warrensville, O. Looking forward to his re- 
 
 *The oration entire maj be found in ♦'Reminiscences of James 
 A. Garfield," by C. E. Fuller, pp. 36-38. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 97 
 
 turn to Hiram in the spring he wrote to 
 
 His Last ^ friend: "Now won't we have a time 
 
 District School. ,■ , . :j -.tt mi ^ j 11 
 
 tnere next sprmg? well study, clash, 
 
 combat and discuss, make 'student's offerings' and 
 engage in all the other soul-stirring operations of a stu- 
 dent's life." In the same letter written February 14, 1852, 
 he moralized as follows : "Oh ! that I possessed the power to 
 scatter the firebrand of ambition among the youth of the 
 rising generation, and let them see the greatness of the 
 age in which they live, and the destiny to which 
 mankind are rushing, together with the part which 
 they are destined to act in the great drama of human 
 existence. But, if I cannot inspire them with that spirit, 
 I intend to keep it predominant in my own breast, and let 
 it spur me forward to action. But let us remember that 
 knowledge is only an increase of power and is only good 
 when directed to good ends. Though a man have all knowl- 
 edge and have not the love of God in his heart, he will fall 
 short of true excellence."* 
 
 The spring term at Hiram opened March 22, 1852, with 
 
 about forty students, among whom was Mr. Garfield. 
 
 April 2nd following he was taken down very sick with the 
 
 measles. Writing of that event and giv- 
 
 The Sprin| Term, -^^^ j^-^ impressions of the sick student, 
 
 Mr. Fuller said: "You will think I am 
 writing at rather an unseasonable hour, but I am watching 
 by the sick bed of James A. Garfield. He is here, some 
 twenty miles from home and very sick with the measles. 
 Still, he is getting along very well, and we think is now near 
 the worst. I know you would like him and if you come 
 here you will be sure to get acquainted, for he thinks as 
 much of me as I do of him. He is really a noble fellow; 
 
 *Letter to CorydonE. Fuller. 
 
^8 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 talented far above the generality of young men, of sound 
 principles, he must, if he lives, make a man in the world, 
 and one whose influence will be felt."* Notwithstanding 
 the interruption caused by his sickness Mr. Garfield made 
 great progress in his studies. His wonderful endurance 
 enabled him to work almost unceasingly, and what has been 
 described as ''the amazing progress" of his class was due 
 in a large measure to him. It has been noted that his les- 
 sons for April 30, 1852, were as follows : "Three pages of 
 Sallust, one of Virgil, five of Geometry, five of Algebra, 
 and one of Latin Grammar;" and during the first four 
 weeks of the term the class read, "seventy-two pages of 
 Sallust, and learned seventy-five pages of Legendre's Geom- 
 etry and Bourbon's Algebra, besides grammar, and a re- 
 view of Virgil." No wonder a member of the class said: 
 "We were all very proud of our work." 
 
 In these days when every school devotes special atten- 
 tion to instrumental music, it will appear astonishing that 
 in such an institution as the Eclectic, with an attendance of 
 a large number of ladies during the school 
 Music yg^j.^ there was not a piano in Hiram, 
 
 in the Eclectic. probably not more than one or two were 
 brought to Hiram during the seven years preceding Mr. 
 Garfield's administration. The only musical instrument 
 used in the school was a Melodeon, upon which a few of 
 the ladies took lessons. Mr. Garfield was very fond of 
 music. He had a deep rich voice and a heart that over- 
 flowed with melody. As often as he had opportunity, and 
 permission was granted, he would visit the Raymond board- 
 ing house to hear the Soule girls, Sarah and Julia, and 
 Hattie Storer, play and sing, "Lillie Dale," "Don't you re- 
 
 ♦Corjdon E. Fuller to his mother. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1S57-1863. 99 
 
 member sweet Alice, Ben Bolt?" "Blue Juniata" and other 
 popular songs of that day. 
 
 Early in May, 1852, a strolling lecturer named Joseph 
 Treat came to Hiram. He was a miniature edition of the 
 Robert G. Ingersoll style of philosopher. He had read a 
 
 few infidel works, and felt himself amply 
 
 Mr. Garfield equipped to "defy the armies of the living 
 
 Debater. God." With rare audacity he entered 
 
 Hiram and delivered a series of his lec- 
 tures. At the close of each lecture he would challenge any 
 one in the audience to answer him, but for several evenings 
 no one accepted the challenge. But one night Prof. 
 Thomas Munnell was prevailed upon to ansv/er him. His 
 effort was hardly satisfactory, for Mr. Munnell though con- 
 scientious, cultured, earnest, honest, reverent and sincere, 
 was not the man to deal with a braggart, "who could swag- 
 ger and amuse the unthinking and raise a laugh at the 
 holiest principles of truth without compunction and with- 
 out a blush." Mr. Garfield was, finally, prevailed upon to 
 reply to Treat. The opportunity soon came and many of 
 the students and others were present, all expecting the en- 
 counter. It is not known that Mr. Treat had any intima- 
 tion of what was to come. He had been able to raise a 
 laugh at the expense of the courteous Munnell, and felt 
 that he had gained a victory. He made a most venomous 
 attack on the Bible, and charged all who believed in it with 
 the grossest credulity. He charged that the translations of 
 the Scriptures were not reliable. The Bible was written in 
 Hebrew and Greek, and had been translated to suit the no- 
 tions of designing and dishonest priests, and was wholly 
 unreliable either as history or revelation. He closed with 
 his usual challenge to anyone to answer his indictment. 
 iL.ofr; 
 
lOO HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Mr. Garfield arose and said that he had 
 Reply to the listened with great attention to the gen- 
 tleman's speech. He hardly knew what 
 to say in answer but he would like to ask him a question : 
 ''Would he be so kind as to tell the audience what was the 
 present participle of the verb to be in Greek, or in other 
 words, the Greek v^rord to correspond with the English word 
 'being.' Air. Treat made no answer, and the question 
 was repeated, and he was challenged to answer, but the 
 poor man did not know." Mr. Garfield then turned to the 
 audience and asked them what they thought of a man trav- 
 eling over the country criticising the work of the v/orld's 
 great scholars, when he did not know the first thing the 
 school-boy learned in his Greek grammar. He did not re- 
 proach the gentleman because he had no knowledge of 
 Greek, but because he sought to overthrow the Christian 
 faith and dethrone the Christian's God, while passing him- 
 self off under false colors — pretending to knowledge he 
 did not possess ; he sought to destroy, but proposed no sub- 
 stitute for the Christian religion ; to rob us of the faith we 
 learned in cradle hymns and at our mother's knee, and leave 
 us without a chart or guide, to sail upon an unknown sea. He 
 i;hen uttered an impassioned eulogy upon the Bible as the 
 source of civilization, the creed of the mightiest nations, the 
 accepted moral guide of all the grandest men in history, and 
 the only light through a dark world to eternal light, and life 
 and peace. The speech was like an electric shock. He soon 
 had the audience with him and the applause was generous 
 and hearty. He spoke with a readiness, power and elo- 
 quence that astonished even those who had expected much. 
 Since that day, few if any, perambulating infidel lecturers 
 have visited Hiram.'*" 
 
 *R€miniscences of J. A. Garfield, by C. E. Fuller, pp. 51-54. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. lOI 
 
 Mr. Garfield always respected his Hiram teachers. 
 These were A. S. Hayden the Principal, Norman Dunshee, 
 Thomas Munnell and Amaziah Hull. It is probable that 
 
 he recited more to Dunshee than to all the 
 „. rr u rest of his teachers. To some of his class- 
 
 mates he owed a "higher debt Intellec- 
 tually" than to any of his teachers. This was especially true 
 of Miss Booth, whose "generous and powerful aid, quick 
 and never-failing sympathy, and intelligent, unselfish and 
 unswerving friendship" were always acknowledged by him 
 as among the most valuable aids he received in his remark- 
 able intellej^tual ascent. But there was in him, in almost 
 prodigal abundance, the material from which his majestic 
 character was constructed. The help of teachers, school- 
 mates and admiring friends was the stimulus of the great 
 intellectual and moral forces of his nature, to their best and 
 most comprehensive action. He was not jealous of what 
 others had done, or perhaps, could do. He was always 
 g^enerous in his emulations, though "his eye never wandered 
 from the 'other fellow* in the class who might master the 
 problem first." "He was a vast elemental force, and noth- 
 ing was so essential to him as room and opportunity;" and 
 for a time Hiram gave him the room and furnished his op- 
 portunity. 
 
 It was not possible to hold him long simply as a 
 scholar in the classroom and in the catalogue of 1853-4 he 
 was announced as "Teacher in the English Department and 
 
 of the Ancient T-anguages." During 
 ^^ ^ the two years which followed, before he 
 
 left Hiram for Williams College, he 
 taught arithmetic, grammar, algebra, penmanship, geometry, 
 and classes in classics. "He handled large classes in the 
 English studies with conspicuous power. He took captive 
 
I02 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the members of his classes. He won the students as ? 
 
 body." No one of the no persons who made up his great 
 
 arithmetic class in the winter of 1853-4 can forget it. 
 
 The spring term of the Eclectic in 1852 closed June 25. 
 
 and the fall term of the same year opened August 23, 1852. 
 
 During the vacation Philip Burns, Corydon E. Fuller, and 
 
 James A. Garfield, of the non-resident 
 
 ,, „ , students, remained in Hiram. Mr. A. S. 
 
 the Carpenter. ' 
 
 Kilby was building a house near the Ec- 
 lectic, and Mr. John Buckingham one on the north. Mr. 
 Garfield engaged to work for Mr. Kilby for seventy-five 
 cents a day and board, and Mr. Fuller made a similar con- 
 tract with Mr. Buckingham at the same price. The two 
 young men spent most of their nights together, sometimes 
 at Mr. Kilby's and then at Mr. Buckingham's. Neither of 
 them regarded it a hardship to work at the same trade that 
 Jesus worked at with his father in Nazareth. They were 
 both strong and vigorous, young, healthy and hopeful and 
 they spent no time regretting that they had not plenty of 
 money which they had not earned. But carpenter work 
 was not the only work he could do, for later, August 20, 
 1853, Mr. Garfield, Miss Booth and Mr. Fuller spent the 
 day at paper hanging for Principal Hayden, and on that 
 job Mr. Garfield was the foreman, and brought the work to 
 a successful conclusion. 
 
 In the early days of the Disciples of Christ on the West- 
 ern Reserve, or seventy-five years ago it was not a difficult 
 thing for a young man to enter the ranks of the Disciple 
 
 ministry, li he was a Christian, had fair 
 Garfield natural gifts of body and mind, knew the 
 
 the Preacher. ^^^^^^^^ ^f ^^^ Gospel of Christ, was will- 
 ing to study, and had a desire to preach he was encouraged 
 to preach. Very few of the early Disciple preachers were 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1 857- 1 863. IO3 
 
 ever "ordained'' to the ministry, in the modern ecclesias- 
 tical sense of that term. Hence in the commonly accepted 
 sense, he was never a preacher or minister; "but this could 
 also be said of hundreds of other preachers among the Dis- 
 ciples, at that time, before and since. He did, however, 
 "preach the word." He did hold "revival" or protracted 
 meetings and often with great success. In Hiram in 1858 
 where he did the most of his preaching there were 34 addi- 
 tions, in Newburgh, the same year 20 additions, and more or 
 less v/herever he preached. He did baptize people on the 
 confession of their faith. He married people and often- 
 times he stood by the caskets of the dead, and at their 
 graves and uttered words of comfort to the living and of 
 committal for the dead. In short he did, on occasion, 
 everything that is required of a minister of the Gospel. 
 
 His first sermon in Hiram was in the 
 First Sermon . , r rt tt- 1 • 
 
 • u- _ wmter of 18^3-54. His subject was, 
 
 m Hiram. ^o ^--t j 5 
 
 "The first and second comings of Christ," 
 and in illustration he sketched in a vivid way the first and 
 second comings of Napoleon Bonaparte to France.''' For a 
 number of years, five at least, he preached somewhere 
 nearly every Sunday. In a number of churches he preached 
 "one half his time" for several years. At the great "yearly 
 meetings" at Bedford and elsewhere he was always a favor- 
 ite preacher. Indeed, he did not cease entirely to preach 
 until after his election to Congress in 1863. On September 
 2, 1853, with a friend, he went from Hiram to attend the 
 yearly meeting at Euclid. On the Sunday following Alex- 
 ander Campbell preached on the theme, "What think ye of 
 Christ?" It was said of that sermon, "It was worth a 
 
 *I heard the sermon referred to, and though 47 years have 
 passed since, it is as vivid before me as a thing of yesterday. 
 
 — J^, M. Green. 
 
I04 HISTOR.Y OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 journey of a thousand miles." The pulpit took a strong 
 hold on his mind, and in some of his letters to intimatp 
 friends, the foundation is laid for the belief that he would 
 make preaching his chief work in life. But as he increased 
 in years and experience he seemed to realize that he did not 
 have ''the inward vocation for the work." No doubt he 
 would have achieved high distinction as a preacher, but "his 
 genius drew him to the State by its very bent, as anyone who 
 has followed his history can see." At the same time that he 
 left the pulpit he left the classroom. His preaching and 
 teaching had been of great value to others and a source, 
 also, of great strength to himself, both as a man and a public 
 servant. 
 
 After his return to Hiram from Williams College in 
 
 1856 he began the study of law, and In 1859 he entered his 
 
 name as a student-at-law in the office of Williamson and 
 
 Riddle of Cleveland, and in about two 
 
 ^, r years he was admitted to the bar by the 
 
 the Lawyer. -^ -^ 
 
 Supreme Court of Ohio, upon the recom- 
 mendation of Hon. Thomas Key and Hon. Richard Harri- 
 son, who subjected Mr. Garfield to a just, but thorough and 
 searching examination, and in their report to the Court 
 they spoke of his mastery of the law as unusual and phe- 
 nomenal. In the sense of ordinary practice of law, Mr. 
 Garfield never "practiced law." He did very little, if any- 
 thing, in the lower courts. In his study of the law, he 
 was as in everything else, determined to be with the first 
 In the confidence of a letter to an intimate friend July 30, 
 1854, and just after his arrival at Williams' College, he 
 wrote: "I almost feel that there are but two tracks before 
 me — to stand at least among the first or die. I believe I 
 can do it if granted a fair trial." It has been said, and the 
 statement has not been disputed, "that he was the first and 
 
THE HIRAM CHURCH: Erected in 1844; Burned in 1856. 
 
 THE HIRAM CHURCH: Erected in 1856; Burned May 25, 1897. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 105 
 
 the only man born in America, who made his first plea as a 
 
 lawyer, before the Supreme Court of the United States."* 
 
 Mr. A. G. Riddle in speaking of the event 
 
 His First g^i^ . uj^ ^^g ^ splendid sight. The young 
 
 lawyer, not ten days admitted, making 
 the first legal plea of his life before the most august tribunal 
 of justice in the nation, and upon a question involving the 
 civil rights and liberties of men for whom he had no per- 
 sonal regard, and whom he had never seen; men, too, the 
 like of whom, so far as their political sentiments were con- 
 cerned, he had fought with a soldier's bravery from Middle 
 Creek to Chicamauga." 
 
 The chapel lectures, or "morning lectures" as they were 
 called, were an interesting feature of Hiram during the 
 years of the Eclectic Institute. These usually followed the 
 
 Scripture reading, singing and prayer, by 
 
 ^^ , T* . which the daily sessions of the school 
 
 Chapel Lecture. , t^ . 1 • • 
 
 were introduced. Durmg the admmistra- 
 
 tion of Mr. Hayden these lectures were mostly a study of 
 the Bible — its facts and the literature of its various books. 
 When Mr. Garfield took charge of the school the form and 
 character of the morning lecture were somewhat changed, 
 but they were in entire harmony with his own method, pur- 
 sued before he went to Williams. His first lecture in the 
 Institute was in the winter of 1853-54. His subject was, 
 "Historical Elements of the English Language." 
 
 His chapel lectures were a great source of instruction 
 and influence. "Of these he gave many hundreds, ranging 
 over education, teaching, books, methods of study and read- 
 
 *While visiting at his house in Mentor, in February, 1881, just 
 before he left for Washington, I asked him if the statement was true ; 
 for I desired to insert it in the story of his life which I was soon to 
 write. He said he knew of no exception to it — that he thought it 
 was literallj true. — F. M. Green. 
 
lo6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ing, physical geography, geology, history, the Bible, morals, 
 current topics and life questions. These lectures were full 
 of fresh facts, new thoughts, striking illustrations, and were 
 warm with the glow of his own life."* "He generally 
 spoke from notes that he had carefully prepared, and that 
 he carefully preserved. If these notes should be brought 
 forth from their hiding place and published, men would be 
 astonished at the sweep of his thought, the versatility of his 
 mind, and the fertility of his resources." His method of 
 teaching combined "the technical question, the general ques- 
 tion, the topic, and the teacher's own discussion of the ques- 
 tion in hand." He strove to awaken the student's faculties, 
 and he rarely ever failed to energize or vitalize him. "He 
 stimulated thought, created the habit of observation and re- 
 flection, aroused courage, widened the field of mental vision, 
 and furnished inspiration in unlimited measures." 
 
 Where to go when he should leave Hiram was a diffi- 
 cult question for Mr. Garfield to answer, but after carefully 
 considering the question, he decided in favor of Williams 
 College. June 26, 1854, he wrote to a 
 From Hiram friend: "The last link is broken, and I 
 to Wiiliamstown. have snapped the last arrow upon the 
 grave of my fathers. The scenes of our 
 dear Eclectic are over and she is left covered with glory. 
 I can never go to Bethany. Next Thursday I start for the 
 Old Bay State. Within ten days I shall be at Wiiliamstown, 
 .Mass., where I may remain two years. Again I am to 
 stand alone among strangers and in a strange land." July 
 II, 1854, he arrived at Wiiliamstown, and in the afternoon 
 of that day met President Hopkins, passed his examination 
 in mathematics, Greek and Latin, and was allowed to enter 
 
 *I have six of his Lectures on Geology, taken down in outline 
 at the time they were delivered and preserved. They seem to me 
 wonderful now. — i^. M, Green. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. IO7 
 
 the coming junior year. He remained two years in Wil- 
 liamstown and graduated August 6, 1856, receiving one of 
 the honors of his class. Out of a class of 45 only six re- 
 ceived graduating honors. Of himself he writes May 15, 
 1856; "I am one of the six, and received the Metaphysical 
 Honor, which is considered second only to the Valedictory, 
 which last is always awarded to one who has been here the 
 full time, other things being nearly equal." Of the result 
 on Commencement Day it was written, "that his was the 
 great oration of the day." 
 
 It is impossible to enter more fully into the details of 
 
 this wonderful personal history and deal justly with other 
 
 matters which belong in this chapter. It must suffice to 
 
 sum up some of the characteristics of this 
 
 Back in Hiram. ^^^ whose name and fame have covered 
 
 Hiram with glory. He was modest and self-possessed, 
 without vanity or self-consciousness and free from affecta- 
 tion. His intellections were clear, vigorous and easy in all 
 directions. He had a great desire to conquer, to prove su- 
 perior to every difficulty, to excel all competitors, and finally, 
 to conquer and surpass himself; and over all he shed the 
 glory of a happy disposition, full of hope and manly cour- 
 age. He called out the demonstrativeness and affections 
 of men in a way almost unprecedented. His heart none 
 but the most utterly obdurate could resist. He was full of 
 unshed goodness, gentleness and tenderqess. His propor- 
 tions never grew less to those who became acquainted with 
 him, for as they grew he grew too; "and they never had 
 occasion to measure him over again." "He always dis- 
 cussed large subjects in a large way." He excelled almost 
 all men in comprehensive generalizations ; and also in the pa- 
 tient, untiring labor with which he would hunt down special 
 facts. He treasured up knowledge of all kinds, "for," he 
 
loS HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 would say, "you never know how soon you will need it." 
 He conscientiously performed every duty assigned him at 
 home or abroad, in field or in shop, in school room or pulpit, 
 in the army or in Congress, in the meeting of teachers or 
 in the Board of Trustees, in the mighty campaign or in the 
 Presidential chair. He seemed "greater than any of his 
 works, wiser than any of his words." 
 
 When he first came to Hiram in 185 1 "he came unob- 
 served, a student poor and plain." In 1880 he came "with 
 flags and bands of music, with powerful friends and a huz- 
 zaing multitude, and a troop of corre- 
 Hii Last Visit spondents to tell it to all the world." Feb- 
 
 to Hiram. ruary 4, 1881, he made his last visit to 
 
 Hiram, and closed his memorable career 
 with the College and the place. On that occasion, in part, 
 he said: "To-day is a sort of burial-day in many ways. I 
 have often been in Hiram, and have often left it; but, with 
 the exception of when I went to the war, I have never felt 
 that I was leaving it in quite so definite a way as I do to-day. 
 It was so long a workshop, so long a home, that all absences 
 have been temporary, and involved always a return. I can- 
 not speak of all the ties that bind me to this place. There 
 are other things buried beneath this snow besides dead peo- 
 ple. The trees, the rocks, the fences, and the grass are all 
 reminders of things connected with my Hiram life. * "* 
 May the time never come when I cannot find some food for 
 mind and heart on Hiram Hill." 
 
 He was born November 19, 1831, in Cuyahoga Co., 
 Ohio. Driver on the Ohio Canal in the summer of 1848. 
 Entered Geauga Seminary, at Chester, O., March 6, 1849. 
 
 Summar Taught his first school in the winter of 
 
 and ChronoTogy. 1^49-50. Baptized by W. A. Lillie March 
 
 4, 1850. Entered "Eclectic Institute" at 
 
 Hiram August 25, 185 1. Was teacher and student at 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 109 
 
 Hiram from 1852-54. Entered Williams College July 11, 
 1854, Graduated with honor from Williams College Au- 
 gust 6, 1856. Professor and Principal and Lecturer at 
 Hiram from 1856-1866. Elected to Ohio Senate in Octo- 
 ber, 1859. Entered the Union Army in 1861. Commiis- 
 sioned Brigadier General January 10, 1862. Elected to Con- 
 gress in October 1862 and served continuously from De- 
 cember, 1863 until i88o. Commissioned Major General 
 September 18, 1863. Elected United States Senator from 
 Ohio in January, 1880. Nominated for President of the 
 United States June 8, 1880. Elected President of the 
 United States November 2, 1880. Inaugurated March 4, 
 1881. Shot by the assassin July 2, 1881. Died at Elberon, 
 September 19, 188 1. 
 
 It would hardly be expected v/ith such a man as Mr. 
 Garfield at the head that the character of the school would 
 remain in all respects as it had been, during the administra- 
 tion of Mr. Hayden. And there were 
 
 . /^^^"^^^ some changes, some of them quite rad- 
 
 m the Character • 1 ut • , - ^ . , 
 
 of the ^ ' ^^^ genms was less theological or 
 
 School. biblical, and more secular or human. The 
 
 ecclesiastical way of looking at things 
 somewhat receded with the retirement of Principal Hayden. 
 But morals, religion, and Bible study were by no means 
 forgotten. Noble ideals of life and character, ideals of 
 manliness, courage, reverence, and truth, were constantly 
 kept in view. And such of the students as could receive it 
 were filled with the Principal's own largeness of nature."* 
 
 Mr. Garfield was very successful as a school adminis- 
 trator. He understood what was, and what was not, essen- 
 tial to discipline and good order, and he never spent his 
 force on little things, "rie always had a code of printed 
 
 *Garrield and Education, p. 55. 
 
no HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 rules that he expounded each term; he exacted weekly re- 
 ports of conduct; but his own personality was worth far 
 more than both rules and reports." 
 
 Mr. Garfield's administration lifted the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute into new prominence. It took a step in advance; its 
 influence was enlarged; a higher standard of scholarship 
 was demanded ; its culture became more mature ; its patron- 
 age outside the church increased; and educators became 
 familiar with the name of Hiram and the Principal. In 
 1858 Mr. Garfield made a report to the State Commissioner 
 of Common Schools in which he said : "The aim of the school 
 is to hold the rank of a first-class collegiate seminary; to 
 train teachers for their duty in the public schools, and to pre- 
 pare students for an advanced standing in college. One 
 of the peculiarities of the Eclectic is a clause in its charter 
 providing for the introduction of the Bible as a text book. 
 It is introduced in no sectarian attitude ; but the sacred lit- 
 erature, history and morals of the Bible, are regarded as le- 
 gitimate theme for academic instruction. The Institute is 
 constantly increasing in influence and nurnber of students, 
 and is now more prosperous than ever." 
 
 From some of the letters he wrote to friends from 1857 
 onward there may be gleaned some of the inner life of the 
 Eclectic during this period. August 30, 1857, he wrote: 
 "There has been a great crisis upon the Eclectic Institute, 
 and I am buffeting such waves as I never before breasted, 
 and doing such work as I never before have done. We 
 have raised over $400 to build a fence around the Eclectic 
 grounds. We have remodeled the government, published 
 rules, published a new catalogue, and have now, the fourth 
 week, 250 students (no primary), as orderly as clock-work, 
 and all hard at work. Our teachers are Dunshee, Everest, 
 Rhodes, and Almeda. I teach seven classes and take the 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. Ill 
 
 entire charge of the school and its correspondence besides. 
 I have the most advanced classes in the school and deliver 
 the most of the morning lectures." 
 
 January i6, 1858, he wrote: "I am doing all the work 
 in the school that I formerly did, and more; I speak some- 
 where every Lord's day, and have written and delivered 
 several lectures this season." 
 
 During this period much attention was given to the 
 teaching and training of teachers for their special work. 
 Classes were formed and conducted with reference to the 
 duties of the teacher. Courses of lec- 
 eac ing tures were prepared and delivered on 
 
 school government and the best methods 
 of teaching. This arrangement was intended to answer the 
 purpose of a Normal school. Elocution was given special 
 attention. It was held, that "to become a good reader, two 
 things are requisite — first, the power of vocal expression; 
 and second an appreciation of the atithor's thought. For 
 this reason a part of each recitation will be devoted to vocal 
 gymnastics, and the adaptation of the voice to express the 
 different emotions and passions. Then a close study of the 
 sentiment to be read, will enable the student to read 'with 
 the spirit and the understanding,' instead of merely mouth- 
 ing the printed words." 
 
 Among the teachers who helped to make the Garfield 
 administration successful and strong was J. H. Rhodes. 
 He first came to Hiram from Massillon, Ohio, where his 
 parents lived, in the year 1852-53. He 
 ^' ' ° ^ ' was of a good family and of sturdy Ger- 
 man stock. Miss Booth to whom he recited when he first 
 came to Hiram, and with whom he afterwards associated as 
 a teacher, has left on record a little incident of his early 
 Hiram life. In a letter written June 24, 1855, she says : "I 
 was in Hiram Thursday, to their exhibition. It was down 
 
113 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 in the corner under the apple trees, just as it used to be 
 when you were there. You would hardly perceive any 
 change, only in the performers. Sutton was there with the 
 same gentle voice and bland smile ; yet there are more wrin- 
 kles in his face, and gray hairs are more abundant. And 
 Bro. Munnell w^as there looking as earnest and determined 
 as ever; and Norman Dunshee, too. Time deals kindly 
 with him ; his lank face has assumed fuller proportions and 
 he locks more noble. O. P. Miller was on the discussion, 
 ''Do the signs of the times indicate the downfall of Popery?" 
 His opponent was J. H. Rhodes, a German boy, from Stark 
 County. He got up with a little patched coat on looking 
 very humble; but he is tremendous smart. He rolled ofx a 
 perfect torrent of eloquence, and argument, too. Bro. Mun- 
 nell says he will make James' place good."* Mr. Rhodes 
 never fell below the estimate Miss Booth placed on him, dur- 
 ing his long and honorable connection with Hiram. In 1854 
 he became one of the teachers of the Eclectic Institute and 
 remained as such until 1863 with only brief periods of ab- 
 sence. He taught in the EnglisK Department, Mathematics, 
 and Modern Languages. He was one of the best teachers 
 of elocution ever connected with the Institution. His tem- 
 perament was so different that his pupils never had that 
 enthusiastic personal affection for him that they always had 
 for Miss Booth and Mr. Garfield ; and yet, he was generally 
 v/ell liked. He had a bright, keen intellect ; the disposition 
 of a student ; a command of language perhaps unsurpassed 
 by any student or teacher in Hiram; a character unblem- 
 ished by scandal or weakness ; and he retained his affection 
 for H^iram from the time he entered a student in 1853 until 
 his death in 1889, a period of more than a third of a century. 
 Along these years he was student, teacher and Trustee of 
 the Institution. 
 
 *Letter to Corydon E. Fuller. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857^1863. II3 
 
 The following interesting memorandum referring to a 
 meeting in progress is in the handwriting of Mr. J. H. 
 Rhodes, written September 27, 1857: "From this place 
 
 onward is a short abstract of what the 
 
 Memorandum school (by v/hich is meant the teachers) 
 
 by J. H. Rhodes, is doing for the religious interests of the 
 
 school and society. Brother Everest up 
 to this time has spoken twice, Brother Garfield twice, and 
 Brother Dunshee several times. There have been some per- 
 sonal interviews with a number of the students. I, myself, 
 have made this to supply, so far as possible, what preaching 
 I might do. On the 13th of this month the following ones 
 were converted: Mary DeWolf, Emma Shattuck, Mary 
 Howe, Minerva Tuttle; on the 20th Mary Calvin; on the 
 27th H. D. Carlton, M. B. Dawson, Charles Ledwell, J. Par- 
 dee, Martha Mathews. Some of these we trust may be use- 
 ful members of the Kingdom of God. May the Spirit of 
 God brood mightily over this Institution, to the conversion 
 of many souls.'* 
 
 After his death the Board of Trustees placed on record 
 June 2, 1890, the following resolutions prepared by C. B. 
 Lockwood, Andrew Squire, and F. M. Green: ''Resolved, 
 That this Board, at its first meeting since the death of J. H. 
 Rhodes, desires to express its sense of great loss and sorrow 
 at his separation from us. Vv^e cannot forget him as one of 
 the distinguished trio, Garfield, Booth and Rhodes, who so 
 faithfully labored as professors, when it was largely a labor 
 of love in the days of our poverty, and gave to Hiram a 
 permanent place among the colleges of our country; nor 
 his unremitting and unremunerated labor of love as a mem- 
 ber of this Board. Qualified by education and experience, 
 and with untiring devotion all these years of his history he 
 has faithfully watched over its interests. Resolved, That all 
 who love Hiram, owe him a debt of gratitude for his faith- 
 
114 
 
 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ful service for her prosperity ; and that this Board wishes to 
 properly emphasize its appreciation of his distinguished aid 
 and assistance; therefore Resolved^ That these resokitions 
 be made a part of our permanent records." 
 
 No Hiram history would be complete without his name 
 written large upon its pages. He was not only a distin- 
 guished member in the Hiram Fellowship but he achieved 
 distinction' as an orator and counselor at law in Cleveland, 
 Ohio, and as a citizen. 
 
 He was born in Summit County, Ohio, July 7, 1836, 
 and died in Cleveland, O., February 14, 1890. 
 
 During; the administration of Mr. Garfield while the 
 patronage somewhat increased, and the receipts from tuition 
 and other sources were correspondingly larger, the expenses 
 likewise increased on account of the in- 
 Financial creased needs of the school. The debt 
 on the Institution amounted at the close 
 of Mr. Hayden's administration June 17, 1857, to $5oi7-95- 
 The receipts for tuition for the year ending June 10, 1858, 
 were $3,218.00, of which $349.20 were used for current ex- 
 penses, leaving for the teachers $2,868.80. It was found 
 difficult to raise money year by year sufficient to prevent a 
 deficit at the end of each year. For some reason the 
 churches that at the beginning were its largest contributors 
 grew cool in their friendship and declined to furnish the 
 necessary support. In 1855 it was proposed in the Board 
 of Trustees, "to raise ten thousand dollars to liquidate the 
 debt, and for other necessary purposes, by one hundred in- 
 dividuals subscribing one hundred dollars each; no one 
 being bound for his subscription till the number of one hun- 
 dred of such subscriptions be obtained." The terms were 
 afterwards modified so as to require five thousand dollars 
 to be subscribed before the pledges could be held. A. S. 
 Hayden and Dr. W. A. Belding were put into the field as 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. II5 
 
 agents and solicitors to raise this amount. In 1856 Mr. 
 Hayden reported "pledges and notes to the amount of four 
 thousand six hundred and eighty-nine dollars," which 
 amount lacked three hundred and eleven dollars of enough 
 to claim the subscriptions "according to the modified reso- 
 lution of the Board, passed at the last meeting." April i, 
 1856, a Standing Committee of Accounts was appointed by 
 the Board whose duty, in part, was "to annually report the 
 state of the funds" and the general financial condition of the 
 Institution. The committee was made to consist of Freder- 
 ick Williams and Cyrus Bosworth, Sr. June 18, 1856, this 
 Committee made a carefully prepared report which is inter- 
 esting even at this day : "The Committee of Accounts, to 
 whom was assigned the duty of settling with the Building 
 Committee of the Institute, the Building Committee of the 
 Boarding Houses, and the Treasurer of the Institute, re- 
 spectfully submit the following report: That in pursuance 
 of the duties imposed on them, the books and vouchers of 
 said Building Committees, as presented by Alvah Udall, 
 Esq., a member of said Committees, and now President of 
 the Board, have been carefully examined, and show the fol- 
 lowing results : 
 
 I — That the whole amount expended in land, buildings 
 and furniture, is sixteen thousand and five hundred dollars 
 ($16,500). 
 
 2 — That the books of the Treasurer show that the sum 
 of eleven thousand, one hundred and thirty-four dollars 
 and twenty-five cents, has been paid out of the Treasury, 
 partly In liquidation of the foregoing amount, and partly for 
 incidental expenses, for which no detailed account can be 
 given ($11,134.25). 
 
 3 — That the whole amount of outstanding notes against 
 the Building Committees is seven thousand five hundred 
 and seventeen dollars ($7,517.00). 
 
Il6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 4 — That to meet this outstanding debt, there are claims, 
 to the amount of one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five 
 dollars in the hands of W. A. Belding, and about one hun- 
 dred and twenty dollars due on land sold, and a balance on 
 the books of the Building Committees of twenty-five dollars 
 and sixty-six cents, a total of ($2,040.66). 
 
 S — That a careful examination of the books and vouch- 
 ers of said Building Committees, discloses nothing that is 
 not fair and honest, and exhibits on striking a general balr 
 ance, twenty-five dollars and sixty-six cents in favor of the 
 Institute ($25.66). 
 
 6 — That the foregoing amounts, in all, $2,040.66, de- 
 ducted from $7,517.00, leave $5,476.34 as the entire indebt- 
 edness of the Institute at the present time." 
 
 It may be said that v/hile there was scarcely a year dur- 
 ing the lifetime of the Eclectic Institute that there was not 
 a deficit, still no serious debts were ever incurred. If the 
 receipts were not equal to the expectation of those most con- 
 cerned, they accepted the smaller sum, and forgave the 
 debt. But the school was like a healthy growing boy; it 
 was continually wearing out or outgrov/ing its garments, 
 and means must be supplied to provide larger and new 
 ones. To this end the Principal and some of his teachers, 
 and members of the Board of Trustees, and special solici- 
 tors were sent out among the churches to canvass for funds, 
 But this miscellaneous canvassing w^as not generally satis- 
 factory. 
 
 November 9, 1858, the Board of Trustees on motion 
 
 of William Hayden resolved ''that W. J. Ford be employed 
 
 to act as solicitor and collector for the Institution ; and that 
 
 the President be authorized to act for the 
 
 * -'' °^ ■ Board in specifying the terms of employ- 
 ment." Mr. Ford had been elected a Trustee in 1856 to suc- 
 ceed his father, J. A. Ford. Mr. Ford is a member of the 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 1 17 
 
 present Board of Trustees, and counting from his first elec- 
 tion to the present, he has served the Institution for 44. 
 years — a longer period than any other person. As a solic- 
 itor he was successful from the beginning and so far as the 
 records show, no trouble ever arose in the adjustment of 
 his accounts. His work as solicitor ran over into the Col- 
 lege period, and the funds that he secured laid the founda- 
 tion for the permanent endowment fund of the College, 
 which has steadily grown from its small beginning to its 
 present creditable proportions. Mr. Ford was so success- 
 ful in raising funds and creating an interest in the school 
 that June 5, 1861, the Board of Trustees recorded its judg- 
 ment of his work as follows : ''Resolved, That the thanks of 
 the Trustees of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute be 
 tendered to W. J. Ford for the efficient manner in which he 
 has discharged his duties as solicitor for the Institution ; and 
 that his services be continued in making collections and in 
 raising funds." It may also be said that Mr. Ford was a 
 student of the Eclectic in its first and second years. It is, 
 probably, not an overstatement to say that no other finan- 
 cial agent of the College ever excelled him when the condi- 
 tions and environments of the period of his service are con- 
 sidered. He is entitled to this distinct recognition in the 
 history of the College. 
 
 Great interest was taken in the Literary Societies of the 
 Institute during Mr. Garfield's administration. The Del- 
 phic, Hesperian and Olive Branch in their respective 
 spheres were enthusiastic and successful. In the multitude 
 
 of his duties while Principal at Hiram, 
 1 erary j^j-^^ Garfield did not forget or neglect the 
 
 literary work of the school. His inter- 
 est and enthusiasm in the work of the societies did not ?ii- 
 minish after he became teacher and Principal ; and during 
 his administration the names and numbers of the acting: 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 members of each society were published in the annual cata- 
 logues. 
 
 It has already been said that the character of the school 
 changed somewhat after Mr. Garfield became Principal. 
 But these changes were usually in the line of its manage- 
 ment, the strengthening of its courses of 
 
 Proposed study, and method of procedure. Per- 
 
 Charr(fteVof the ^^^P^ ^^^ genius became 'less theological 
 School. or biblical, and more secular or human" 
 
 than it had been under the previous ad- 
 ministration. And yet there appears to have been a strong 
 desire on the part of many of its friends to change its char- 
 acter from that of a merely literary institution with the 
 Bible as a book for daily study, to a real Theological Semi- 
 nary. There had never been entire unity in regard to the 
 grade of the school. Some were in favor, perhaps the 
 most, of an institution which finally took form under the 
 name of "The Western Reserve Eclectic Institute;" others 
 were in favor of a Theological Seminary ; while others were 
 in favor of a College proper with authority to confer 
 Degrees. 
 
 While Mr. Hayden was Principal his prominent aim 
 was "to implant deeply in the heart of every student, the 
 code of morals found in the New Testament, based on the 
 superlatively glorious and immutable facts of Sacred His- 
 tory ;" and "it v/as deliberately and firmly resolved that this 
 instruction should ever be held paramount in all its classic 
 arrangements." To the rule that, "the Bible must be taken 
 into the school as a book of study ; its facts must be studied ; 
 and its own pure and perfect morality must be daily urged 
 upon the consciences of the students, in view of its fearful 
 sanctions," Mr. Hayden adhered through his entire admin- 
 istration. June 9, 1858, a large number of the friends of 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. II9 
 
 the Institute met in Hiram to consider the 
 Convention character of the changes they desired, and 
 
 to form a recommendation to the Board 
 of Trustees then in session. The following Preamble and 
 Resolutions were adopted and sent to the Board of Trustees 
 for their action : Whereas, It has been shown, that the 
 great want of our brotherhood is a Theological Seminary, 
 be it therefore 
 
 Resolved, That we ask of the Trustees and stockholders 
 of the Eclectic Institute, that the school be so changed as to 
 meet that demand, and that anything of its present charac- 
 ter be subordinate. 
 
 Resolved, That in case the recommendation of this con- 
 vention, to make the Eclectic Institute a Theological Semi- 
 nary, be favorably entertained by the Board of Trustees 
 of said Institute, we recommend to them farther to appoint 
 Symonds Ryder to go before the brethren with this plea, 
 and endeavor to raise the money to cancel the debts of the 
 Institute." 
 
 When these resolutions were sent to the Board cf 
 Trustees, on motion of Zeb Rudolph they were taken up for 
 consideration. After due consideration, William Hayden 
 moved, "to approve the first resolution and adopt it as a 
 purpose to be carried out as soon as practicable.'^ This res- 
 olution was unanimously adopted. The second resolution 
 was, also, unanimously adopted, with the addition of the 
 name of James A. Garfield who with Symonds Ryder was 
 ''appointed to carry out the object of the resolution." 
 
 As there were certain legal questions involved in the 
 proposed change, Symonds Ryder was appointed to secure 
 *'the necessary legal advice" on the following questions : 
 
 I — Whether a charter for a Theological Seminary can 
 be obtained without application to the Legislature; and if 
 so, how? 
 
I20 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 2 — How large a proportion of the stockholders of the 
 Institute must consent to the proposed change, before it can 
 be legally made. 
 
 3 — In what form can their consent be lawfully ob- 
 tained ?" 
 
 The President of the Board was authorized to carry 
 out the recommendation of the convention, and take "imme- 
 diate measures to transfer the real estate of the Institute 
 to the Board of Trustees, and to take from the Trustees a 
 mortgage to secure the Building Committee until the debts 
 of the Institute are paid." 
 
 Mr. Garfield was appointed a committee to correspond 
 with the stockholders and others, "with a view to learn the 
 general sentiment regarding the change proposed." The 
 President of the Board was authorized to prepare a balance 
 sheet, for publication, exhibiting the financial condition of 
 the Institute. And, finally, it was 
 
 ''Resolved, That, whenever, in the opinion of the mem- 
 bers of the Board living in Hiram, it shall be deemed neces- 
 sary to call a convention of the friends and stockholders of 
 the Institute, to perfect the proposed change, it shall be their 
 duty to issue such a call." 
 
 The proper steps were taken to vest the title of the real 
 estate in the Board of Trustees, and the bond and mortgage 
 ordered were executed. And here the effort to create a 
 Theological Seminary out of the Western Reserve Eclectic 
 Institute ceased to be a question for consideration, and noth- 
 ing came out of it unless the Course of Lectures given in 
 1866 and 1867 by Isaac Errett and others, may have been the 
 result of the agitation. The records of the Board do not 
 give the reasons why the matter was so speedily and com- 
 pletely dropped. The probabilities are that the legal diffi- 
 culties were considerable, but that the main reason was, the 
 intense conservatism of the Disciples, their undying hos- 
 
THE GARFIELD HOME, 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1S63. 131 
 
 tility towards sectarianism, and their fear to lay anything 
 
 upon an altar from which the slightest puff of sectarian 
 
 smoke ascended. 
 
 Not many months passed before another effort to 
 
 change the character of the Institute was proposed. This 
 
 time the proposition was to make it a college. At the call 
 
 of the President, November 9, 1858, there 
 
 First were present at Hiram of the Board of 
 
 . „ , Trustees, Alvah Udall, William Hayden, 
 
 m Favor of a ' . ,. . 
 
 College. Aaron Davis, Frederick Williams, Zeb 
 
 ' Rudolph, William Richards, Alvah Hum- 
 
 eston and W. J. Ford. After some miscellaneous business 
 
 was disposed of, Frederick Williams offered the following 
 
 Preamble and Resolutions : 
 
 'Whereas, The Board of Trustees of the Western Re- 
 serve Eclectic Institute, a Seminary of learning, believing 
 that it is desirable and for the interest of said Institute, to 
 reorganize under the provisions of 'An Act, entitled an Act 
 to authorize Seminaries of Learning to change their names 
 and become Colleges," passed April 8, 1856; therefore. 
 Resolved, That the name of said Institute be, and the same 
 is hereby changed to Hiram College.* 
 
 Resolved, That under the provisions of said Act, the 
 said Institute, as aforesaid, be and the same is hereby or- 
 dered to be organized as a College, with full collegiate pow- 
 ers, and privileges to confer upon the graduates of said Col- 
 lege the usual degrees granted by colleges, etc. 
 
 Resolved, That said Board of Trustees be instructed to 
 take, at such time as the Board may order, all the necessary 
 steps to carry into eft'ect these resolutions.'* 
 
 *The name of the College was apparently not given in this reso- 
 lution when it was passed, but was inserted afterwards. The resolu- 
 tion was adopted with the space for the name unfilled. 
 
 — JF. M. Green. 
 
122 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 The motion to adopt these resolutions was made by 
 Frederick Wilhams and seconded by WilHam Hayden and 
 received the unanimous vote of the m.embers of the Board 
 present, on November lo, 1858. 
 
 Here the matter rested until the meeting of the Board 
 of Trustees, February 20, 1867, when at a meeting, in 
 Fliram, at which were present Alvah Udall, FI. Ryder, A. 
 S. Hayden, J. H. Rhodes, Zeb Rudolph, and W. J. Ford, 
 Mr. Ford offered the following resolution which was 
 unanimously adopted : ''Resolved^, That the President of the 
 Board of Trustees of the Western Reserve Eclectic Insti- 
 tute, be instructed and he is hereby authorized to take all the 
 steps necessary to carry out the letter and spirit of a resolu- 
 tion passed by the Board in a meeting held November 10, 
 1858, making the Eclectic Institute a College ; and that the 
 name of the College shall be Hiram College^ and so en- 
 tered upon the Portage County and State Records." 
 
 The Civil War dealt Fliram as it did many other sim- 
 ilar institutions in the North, a very hard blow. ''Many 
 
 , ,, students went into the army, and others 
 
 Hiram and the -^ 
 
 „. ., „, fell out of the school owing- to the dis- 
 
 Civil War. ° 
 
 turbed state of the country, while new 
 ones came in slowly. Garfield left to return no more, 
 and other teachers soon followed, Rhodes in the winter of 
 '63-'64 and Everest the next summer. Partial disorganiza- 
 tion reigned until the Institute was merged into the College. 
 Sometimes the Trustees failed to meet at the stated time, 
 and when they did meet they did not always know what to 
 do. They were sometimes obliged to take as teachers those 
 whom they could get, and did not always receive those 
 whom they Vv^anted. At last there was a new Principal every 
 year, and when the doors closed in the spring nobody could 
 tell who would be the head in the fall. Miss Booth held on 
 resolutely until 1866, when the state of her parents' health 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1 857- 1 863. 123 
 
 compelled her to retire. Much good teaching was done in 
 all these years, but the school was weak and unstable."* 
 
 The sentiment of the people of Hiram as of all the 
 Western Reserve, was that of unmistakable and devoted 
 loyalty to the Government in its efforts to preserve the 
 Union of the States. Comparatively few uttered the growl 
 of the traitor, and refused to sustain the Government at 
 Washington in its hour of peril. But there were a few 
 who tried to uphold the ''Stars and Bars" instead of the 
 "Stars and Stripes." Occasionally one of the students "ad- 
 vocated such sentiments" that the loyal girls of the "Olive 
 Branch" drowned the words of the "rebel orator" 
 with the lusty volume of their patriotic songs. 
 The neighborhood squire was roused from his slum- 
 bers, and "hurriedly brought upon the scene of ac- 
 tion" to administer the oath of allegiance to the "refrac- 
 tory copperhead." May 22, 1863, the Hesperian Society 
 gave an entertainment in their hall and as a part of it, a 
 member of the society delivered an oration on the subject, 
 "Once Happy America," in which "he advocated such senti- 
 ments that the Olivites, who were present, or at least a large 
 share of them vacated, and began singing patriotic melodies 
 suitable for the occasion." The tumult in the hall was so 
 great that it was impossible to complete the program, and 
 the society finally adjourned. The person who was the 
 center of the tumult in speaking of the matter afterwards 
 said : "When I started down stairs with two or three friends, 
 the mob gathered at the foot ready to devour, I essayed to 
 ask them a few questions, but Mr. Hinsdale, who had been 
 called in and now stood on the stairs beside me, stopped me, 
 saying it would be of no use for me to speak. Timothy 
 Newcomb was called out of his bed to administer the oath 
 
 ***The Eclectic Institute," bj B. A. Hinsdale, pp. 15-16. 
 
134 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE, 
 
 of allegiance to this refractory copperhead. After some 
 parleying it was changed to an oath to support the Consti- 
 tution of the United States. While doubting his authority to 
 administer, I did not doubt the propriety under the circum- 
 stances of my taking it. I told him I would cheerfully take 
 that oath every day in the week. Discretion was the better 
 part of valor in the matter, for it was just a little uncertain 
 in those days what an enraged crowd would do with a man 
 if they got him into their clutches, especially in the night. 
 I was willing to forego any frog-pond immersion or outside 
 tar application as suggested. I withdrew my name from 
 the Society that evening as did several others. Afterwards, 
 I believe, they went through the form of expelling us, but I 
 don't know that I ever harbored many ill-feelings over the 
 matter. It was a part of the times.''* It was, indeed, so 
 much a "part of the times," and caused such a distinct sen- 
 sation in Hiram, that Gen. Garfield from the Headquarters 
 of the Department of the Cumberland, at Murfreesboro, 
 Tenn., under date of May 26, 1863, wrote to B, A. Hinsdale 
 as follows : ''Tell all those copperhead students for me that, 
 were I there in charge of the school, I would not only dis- 
 honorably dismiss them from the school, but, if they re- 
 mained in the place and persisted in their cowardly treason, 
 I would apply to Gen. Burnside to enforce General Order 
 No. 38 in their cases. 
 
 If these young traitors are in earnest they should go to 
 the Southern Confederacy, where they can receive full sym- 
 pathy. Tell them all that I will furnish them passes through 
 our lines, where they can join Vallandigham and their other 
 friends till such time as they can destroy us and come back 
 home as conquerors of their own people, or can learn wisdom 
 and obedience. 
 
 ♦Hesperian Reunion Address, hj A. Squire, 1876. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 125 
 
 I know this is apparently a small matter, but it is only 
 apparently small. We do not know what the developments 
 of a month may bring forth, and, if such things be permitted 
 at Hiram, they may anywhere. The Rebels catch up all 
 such facts as sweet morsels of comfort, and every such in- 
 fluence lengthens the v/ar and adds to the bloodshed." 
 
 A complete roster of all who enlisted in the Union army, 
 of Hiram students, has never been made ; but the Delphic 
 and Hesperian Societies furnished a large number whose 
 names they have sacredly enrolled. For the three years, 
 1861, 1862 and 1863 when enlistments were most numerous,' 
 the Delphic had an aggregate active membership of 202, and 
 the Hesperian of 198. Of these members, those who were 
 at the time of their enlistment members or had been mem- 
 bers in one or more of these years of the Hesperian Society 
 were 79, and of the Delphic 56. It is a list of noble names and 
 worthy of long remembrance. Of course Hiram's leading 
 soldier was Mr. Garfield who in his short service of less 
 than three years won the eagles of a Colonel, and the stars 
 of a Brigadier and Major General ; but the service of all 
 from privates to generals was creditable, and often conspic- 
 uous. These men were found in nearly every arm of the 
 service, infantry, artillery and cavalry. No invidious com- 
 parisons should be made in regard to the relative patriotism 
 displayed by the two societies, then as now, rivals for the 
 best. Each did the best it could, and each is entitled to the 
 honor of supplying from its own loved and bravest, some 
 of the best and mightiest defenders of the Nation. And 
 the names of these young men who helped to fill the ranks 
 of the 42nd, the 23rd, the 41st, the 45th, the 7th, and other 
 regiments of Infantry; the squadrons of Ohio cavalry; and 
 the battalions of Ohio artillery, can never be spoken in 
 Hiram s ears, without feeling the touch of their manly 
 lingers, and hearing the tread of their marching feet. Hiram 
 
126 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 "Gave with prayers and tears, 
 With mingled hopes and fears, 
 Her bravest sons, her treasures rare ; 
 In silent grief she leaves them there, 
 Where glory lies."''' 
 
 (Miss A. A. Booth.) 
 
 The annual "Commencement Days" were looked upon 
 
 as great days during the period covered by Mr. Garfield's 
 
 administration. The crowds that seemingly came from 
 
 everywhere on these June days were enor- 
 Commencements. mi n j 
 
 mous. iliey were generally good na- 
 
 tured, well-behaved, and interested in the literary and mu- 
 sical features of the occasions. The "marshals" were 
 selected from the student body, and decorated in their 
 bright sashes with brilliant badges, highly magnified their 
 offices and were the cynosure of all eyes. The "Bedford 
 Tent" under which thousands could be seated, was spread 
 to its utmost limits. The character of the programmes 
 varied but little from those that had preceded them. More 
 of the performers, perhaps, had had experience in writing 
 essays and preparing orations, than those who appeared on 
 earlier programmes. 
 
 The following programme presented June 7, i860, rep- 
 resents, probably, more of those known as "old students" 
 than any other in this period : 
 
 ffotenoon* 
 
 MUSIC, - - - "Hail! Festal Day" 
 
 1 ESSAY, - - - A Page from the Book of Life 
 
 Elizabeth A. Woodward, Lordstoivn 
 
 2 ESSAY, .... - South Sea Islands 
 
 Addie M. Robbins, Solon 
 
 3 ESSAY, Pipes 
 
 Minerva E. Tuttle, Palmyra 
 
 *See Appendix for names, regiments and rank. 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. 127 
 
 4 ESSAY, ... - Between the Tropica 
 
 JuLiAKTTS CoMSTOCK, Menior 
 !MUSIC, - *'Lo! the R057 Mornina: Breaking" 
 
 5 ESSAY, .... Sugar-Coated Fills 
 
 Myra E. Robbins, Solon 
 
 6 - - - - - - - - Miscellany 
 
 Eliza E. Clapp, Hiram\ Mattie Rudolph, Garr^/i'^z;///^ 
 
 7 ESSAY, - - - Knights of the Round Table 
 
 Louisa M. Letchsr, West Unity 
 MUSIC, - - - "Away! Away!" 
 
 8 ESSiVY, ..... Isabella of Spain 
 
 Sabrtna M. C apron, Auburn 
 
 9 ESSAY, - - - - - We're All Singers 
 
 Henrietta M. James, Troy 
 
 10 ESSAY, .... At Home and Abroad 
 
 M4RY E. Turner, Cleveland 
 
 11 "THE MUSES; OR THE CROWNING OF 
 
 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE" 
 
 Discussion: 
 
 Is the Government of the Untied States superior to that of 
 
 Great Britain ? 
 
 Aff. — J. W. Nelson, Auburn\ H. C. Nklsont, Brechsville 
 
 Neg. — M. J. Richards, Solon\ H. D. Carlton, Hiram 
 
 MUSIC, - - "Star Spangled Banner" 
 
 Httetnoon, 
 
 MUSIC, .... "Anthem" 
 
 1 GERMAN SALUTATORY, - - - Goethe 
 
 B. G. Hank, Hiram 
 
 2 ORATION, ..... The Ni'e 
 
 M. S. Clark, Freedom 
 
 3 ORATION, - - - The Beautiful an Educator 
 
 F. M. Green, Sharon 
 
 4 ORATION, ..... Egotism 
 
 Amzi A.T\yATis.K, Alantua 
 
 MUSIC 
 
 5 ORATION, - - - Japan and the Japanese 
 
 S. P. Newcomb, Hiram 
 
 6 ORATION, - - - The March of Empire 
 
 H. S. Glasiek, Bedford 
 
 7 ORATION, ... - The Heir of the Ages 
 
 F. H. Mason, Niles 
 
 8 ORATION, ..... Duelling 
 
 L. J. Brown, Freedom 
 MUSIC, - - " Bright Flag of America" 
 
 9 ORATION, - - The Teachings of Revolution 
 
 C. A. Dudley, Freedom 
 
128 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 10 - - - - - - - North and South 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale, Wads-worth ; H. S. Chambkrlin, Solon 
 MUSIC, - - "Hail to Thee, Liberty!" 
 
 11 ORATION, Sir John Franklin 
 
 H. C. White, Nejwburgh 
 
 12 VALEDICTORY, - - - Individual Worth 
 
 F. A, Williams, Ravenna 
 MUSIC, - - '*We Love Our Native Hills" 
 
 Quite a number of the performers on this eventful day 
 are 3/et living, but many of them are dead. Elizabeth A. 
 Woodward died the wife of J. H. Rhodes, and Addie M. 
 Robbins survives him as his widow. Eliza E. Clapp bears 
 in her long widowhood the sacred name of H. S. Glasier. 
 Mattie Rudolph is yet living, honored by her children and 
 friends and honoring the name of her lamented husband, H. 
 D. Carlton. Sabrina M. Capron is yet queen in the home of 
 Henry C. White. Mary E. Turner is the faithful wife of B. 
 A. Hinsdale. M. S. Clark is an M. D. of good repute in 
 Youngstown, Ohio. F. M. Green yet lives forty years older 
 than when this programme was presented. Amzi Atwater 
 still honors the name so familiar from Hiram's first days. S. 
 P. Newcomb honors Iowa, his adopted state. F. H. Mason 
 is one of the best Consuls the United States has ever had 
 in France or Germany. B. A. Hinsdale has reached an 
 eminence as a close and subtile thinker and educator, higher 
 than any of his Hiram fellowship. H. S. Chamberlain is 
 one of the "iron kings" of the south. F. A. Williams 
 sleeps in a soldier's grave ; and Henry C. White is, and has 
 been, for many years, the upright Judge of the Probate 
 Court in the banner city and county of Ohio. And the rest, 
 their names are precious, whether they be living or dead. 
 
 The grounds on which the College buildings now stand, 
 have been justly admired, in recent years. When the old 
 College building was erected, the enclosure, of which it 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1S57-1S63. 1 29 
 
 was the center was mostly a ploughed field. 
 
 ^^^ Several years passed before any attempt 
 
 Hiram Campus. , ^ j -^ r 
 
 was made to grade its surface, or to 
 
 adorn it. No trees except a few fruit trees were within its 
 limits. In the year i857-'58 Mr. Garfield stirred up con- 
 siderable enthusiasm among the students, by proposing that 
 the campus be planted with evergreen and forest trees. 
 Many contributed to buy the evergreens ; and the maples 
 and elms were brought by students from the valley south 
 of the village. The planting of these trees was an event 
 of great interest to the participants. The most of the trees 
 lived and grew and are now the stately and venerable trees 
 on the campus. Some of the boys whose relations to each 
 other were intimate joined in the selection and planting of 
 a tree. The large elm tree on the circle near the new Y. 
 M. C. A. Building was brought up from the valley by 
 Charles P. Bowler and F. M. Green and planted by them. 
 Some of the trees on the campus are "Class Trees" and were 
 planted with appropriate ceremonies. 
 
 The "Course of Study" during Mr. Garfield's adminis- 
 tration was enlarged and strengthened. Its teachers were 
 
 ^ nearly all graduates, or were ready to 
 
 Course , , , - , 
 
 of Study graduate ; and the course of study was 
 
 brought up to correspond with the in- 
 crease in scholarship and power of the teachers. In 1863 
 the curriculum of study demanded : 
 
 First Year : Ray's Arithmetic ; Grammar, Quackenbos' ; 
 and Green's Analysis; Camp's Geography; Mitchell's An- 
 cient Geography ; Murdoch and Russell's Elocution ; Loomis' 
 Algebra, begun; Cutler's Physiology; Arnold's First and 
 Second Book in Latin; Cornelius Nepos; Crosby's Greek 
 Grammar; Harkness' First Book in Greek. 
 
 Second Year: Loomis' Algebra; Loomis' Geometry; 
 Willard's Ancient and Modern History; Warren's Physical 
 
130 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Geography ; Well's Natural Philosophy ; St. John's Geology ; 
 Arnold's Prose Composition ; Virgil, Schmitz and Zumpt's ; 
 Anthon's Sallust; Greenfield's Greek Testament; Crosby's 
 Anabasis ; Fasquelle's French Grammar ; Wood's Botany ; 
 Boise's Greek Composition. 
 
 Third Year : Loomis' Trigonometry and Surveying ; 
 Cicero's Orations ; Odes of Horace ; Lincoln's Livy ; Owen's 
 Thucydides ; Anthon's I.IemxOrabilia ; Anthon's Homer ; Tel- 
 emaque ; Charles XH ; Woodbury's German Grammar ; 
 Woodbury's German Readers ; Youman's ^ Chemistry ; 
 Olmstead's Astronomy ; Quackenbos' Rhetoric. 
 
 Fourth Year: Loomis' Analytical Geometry and Cal- 
 culus ; Horace, Satires and Epistles ; Cicero de Officiis ; 
 Tyler's Tacitus ; Demosthenes' Select Orations ; Woodbury's 
 Prometheus ; Demosthenes de Corona ; Schiller ; Kame's 
 Elements of Criticism ; Shaw's English Literature ; Way- 
 land's Moral Science ; Wayland's Intellectual Philosophy ; 
 Wayland's Political Economy ; Butler's Analogy ; and Hop- 
 kin's Evidences of Christianity. 
 
 This course of study was preserved in the main, until 
 the close of the Eclectic period. 
 
 When Mr. Hay den retired in 1857, after seven years of 
 service as Principal, Mr. Garfield was chosen by his asso- 
 ciates as Chairman of the Board of Instruction, and after- 
 wards elected by the Board of Trustees 
 
 Close of ^g Principal. He continued to be the 
 
 Mr. Garfield's ^^^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ g^j^^^^j ^^^.j ^^ entered 
 
 Administration. . n,^ a i- t • 1 
 
 the army m 1861. After that time he 
 held only a nominal relation to the Institute. 'Trom an ed- 
 ucational point of view, those were the golden days of the 
 Eclectic Institute. The force of teachers now became more 
 permanent, discipline was keyed up to a higher pitch, and a 
 nev/ enthusiasm was breathed into the scholars. The school 
 advanced its standing in the estimation of the public. The 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1857-1863. I3I 
 
 number of students enrolled never quite equalled what it 
 bad been under the previous administration, but this was due 
 to the abolition of the Primary Department. Naturally, the 
 students were more mature in character and more permanent 
 as a body than they had been under the previous adminis- 
 tration." The coming of Garfield to Hiram as its executive 
 head marked an era in Hiram history. Its educational fea- 
 tures were intensified ; and while the general Christian tone 
 of the school was well preserved, less attention was given, 
 than form.erly, to special doctrines. Some of his brethren, 
 including prominent preachers, w^ere filled with sorrow, 
 when they saw the school pass into Garfield's hands ; for 
 they feared that under the enthusiasms he could command, 
 the school w^ould be cut loose from its old moorings, and 
 sail into an unknown sea and touch on alien shores. But 
 their fears were not realized. The school did change, but 
 more by the enlargement of its work and the extension of 
 its horizon of influence, than in any other direction. 
 
 Perhaps no better summary of the plans, spirit and work 
 of Hiram during the entire period of the Eclectic Institute 
 can be given than in Mr. Garfield's owai words at the "Re- 
 union of 1880." Mr. John M. Atwater 
 ^^ Summ^^^^'^ had discussed "Our Ideals of Life and 
 of Hi^m^L^fe. Character" with beauty of diction and 
 strength of expression, and Mr. A. S. 
 Ha3^den had laurelled the memory of some famous members 
 of the Board of Trustees, when Mr. Garfield said : ''To my 
 mind the historv of Hiram College, and the institution on 
 which the College was built, divides itself into tv/o chapters. 
 The first, both in time, and perhaps in importance, should 
 be headed, what other people did for it ; and the second is, 
 what did Hiram do for itself? You have heard one rela- 
 tive to the founders. They were pioneers in this Western 
 R-eserve. They were all men of energy, great force of char- 
 acter, and nearly all of them men of small means, but they 
 
132 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 planted this Institution. In 1850 it was a cornfield with a 
 solid plain brick building in the center of it ; and almost all 
 the rest has been done by the Institution itself. This is the 
 second chapter. Without a dollar of endowment, without 
 a powerful friend anywhere, but with a corps of teachers 
 who were told to go on the ground and see what they could 
 make out of it, and to find their pay out of the tuitions that 
 should be received, who invited students of their own spirit 
 to come here and find out by trial what they could make of 
 it ; and the response has been their chapter of work, and the 
 chief part of the response I see in the faces gathered before 
 me to-day. It was a simple question of sinking or swim- 
 ming. I know we are all inclined to be a little clannish — • 
 perhaps we have a right to be, — but I do not know of any 
 place, I do not know of any institution, that has accom- 
 plished more with so little means than this school on Hiram 
 Hill. I know of no place where the doctrine of self-help 
 has had a fuller development, by necessity as well as by 
 favor, than here on this hill. The doctrine of the survival 
 of the fittest found its place amongst these men and women 
 gathered here. As I said about them a great many years 
 ago — the theory of Hiram was to throw its young men and 
 women overboard and let them try it for themselves, and all 
 that were fit to get ashore got there, and I think we had few 
 cases of drowning anywhere. Now, when I look over these 
 faces, and mark the several geological ages so well repre- 
 sented by Mr. Atwater in his address, I note one curious 
 fact where the geological analogy does not hold : I find no 
 fossils — no fossils at all. Some are dead and glorified in 
 our memories, but those who are alive, are alive^ I think all. 
 The teachers and the students of this school built it up in 
 every sense — they made the cornfield into that handsome 
 campus. These evergreens you see across the road they 
 planted. I well remember the day they turned out and 
 went into the woods to find beautiful maples, and brought 
 them in — when they purchased these evergreens — when each 
 young man for himself, and perhaps a second for some 
 young lady that he loved, planted one or two trees on the 
 campus, and named them after himself. There are many 
 here with moist eyes to-day that can point out the tree that 
 
THE GARFIELD ADMINISTRATION, 1S57-1S63. 1 33 
 
 Bowler planted. Bowler was shot through the heart at Ce- 
 dar Mountain. Many of you can point out trees, big trees 
 now, called after you many years ago. I believe, outside of 
 the physical features of the place, that there was a stronger 
 pressure of work to the square inch in the boilers that ran 
 this establishment than any other I know of. Young men 
 and women, rough, crude, untutored farmer boys and 
 farmer girls, came here to try themselves and find what 
 manner of people they were. They came here to go on a 
 voyage of discovery to discover themselves. In many cases 
 I hope the discovery was fortunate in all that was worthy 
 of trying, and the friendships that were formed out of that 
 struggle have followed this group of people longer and 
 farther than almost any I have ever known in my life. They 
 are scattered all over the United States, in every field of 
 activity, and if I had the time to name them the sun would 
 go down before I had finished." 
 
 Notwithstanding there was considerable opposition to 
 Mr. Garfield at the beginning of his administration, it had 
 mostly ceased when he finally bid its classrooms farewell. 
 Young Hiram was alv/ays on his side and clothed itself in 
 the glory of the coming days of his greatness, which they 
 enthusiastically foretold and fondly anticipated. The foun- 
 dation of the future College was being laid, that necessarily 
 must have a broader view and a wider constituency tlian 
 the humble academy just chiselled out of the woods. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Eclectic Institute — Its Later Life and Close. 
 
 1863-1867. 
 
 The active work of Mr. Garfield as head of the Eclectic 
 Institute ceased when he entered the army in 1861, and he 
 formally tendered his resignation as Principal to the Board 
 
 of Trustees ; but, hoping that he might 
 
 Formal return soon, and resume his work in the 
 
 Mr *Garf Id Institute, it was not accepted until June 
 
 II, 1863. November 18, 1861, Mr. H. 
 W. Everest was "constituted and appointed Principal of the 
 Institute ; with full power and authority to act as such, until 
 the next annual meeting of the Board of Trustees, and until 
 a regular election shall be held ; and until his successor shall 
 be duly elected and qualified." This commission was given 
 to Mr. Everest by Alvah Udall, the President of the Board 
 of Trustees, because, "it was inconvenient for the Board of 
 Trustees to meet and hold a regular election" at that time. 
 June II, 1862, the Board, not willing to entirely release Mr. 
 Garfield, elected Mr. Everest to "act as Principal Pro Tern 
 in the absence of Mr. Garfield." With him. were associated 
 J. H. Rhodes, Almeda A. Booth, and B. A. Hinsdale as 
 teacher in the English Department. All of these except 
 
 Mr. Hinsdale, had already won a "good 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale degree" as teachers in the Eclectic. In 
 
 a Teacher. ^^^ ^^^^^, ending June, 1861, Mr. Hinsdale 
 
 had been named in the Catalogue as an "Assistant Teacher." 
 
 With these years, the formal introduction of Mr. Hinsdale, 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1S63-1867. I35 
 
 as one of the most eminent of Hiram's long list of teachers, 
 is found. Mr. Everest continued to act as Principal until 
 the summer of 1864 when he closed his long and honorable 
 relation to the Institute, and went forth to return no more. 
 Much of the early student and teacher life at Hiram 
 surrounds the name of Harvey W. Everest. He came to 
 Hiram in 1852 a young man twenty-one years of age. He 
 
 was born at North Hudson, Essex 
 and Uirlm^^ County, New York, May 10, 1831. At 
 
 the age of sixteen he was a teacher in the 
 common schools of his native town. He was a student with 
 Mr. Garfield in the Geauga Seminary at Chester, Ohio, and 
 came to Hiram about one year later. Here he prepared 
 himself for College and in 1854, he with C. C. Foote, Ster- 
 ling McBride, A. B. Way, and others entered Bethany Col- 
 lege, intending to take his degree from that institution. But 
 the conditions surrounding Bethany at that time were not 
 congenial, and he soon left the place and the College. He 
 entered Oberlin College where he graduated in 1861. In 
 1855-6 he was elected "Teacher of Natural Sciences" in 
 the Eclectic Institute, which place he held until 1862, when 
 he was made Principal Pro. Tern, of the Institute. He held 
 this position until he left Pliram in 1864. May 16, 1864, 
 he notified the Board of Trustees that he had accepted tlie 
 Presidency of Eureka College, and placed his resignation 
 in their hands. On his resignation the Board passed the 
 following resolution: "We recognize Prof. H. W. Everest 
 as one of the ablest teachers of this Institute ; and in him this 
 Board recognize the qualities of a fine scholar, a high-minded 
 gentleman, and a true Christian ; and, that in his leaving, 
 this Institution loses one who has long and faithfully dis- 
 charged all the duties that have been imposed upon him in 
 the various positions in which he has been placed in connec- 
 tion v/ith said Institute; and this Board cheerfully recom- 
 
136 HISTORY OF KIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 mend him to the confidence of the Brotherhood and the 
 pubHc in general." He remained in Eureka for nearly eight 
 years, leaving there in 1872 to become the pastor of the 
 Christian Church at Springfield, Illinois. In 1874 he ac- 
 cepted a professorship in Kentucky University at Lexing- 
 ton, and remained there two years. Then after serving the 
 Christian church as pastor, at Normal, Illinois, for one year, 
 he became, in 1877, a second time. President of Eureka Col- 
 lege. In the spring of 1881 he accepted the presidency of 
 Butler University at Irvington, Ind., and served there until 
 1886. He then went to Wichita, Kansas, to undertake as 
 Chancellor, the responsible and laborious work of organiz- 
 ing Garfield University. At its suspension in 1890 in con- 
 sequence of a failure in the financial management, he be- 
 came pastor of the Christian Church at Hutchinson, Kansas. 
 In 1891 he was elected to the Southern Illinois State Nor- 
 mal University at Carbondale, where he remained until he 
 was elected Dean of the College of the Bible in Drake Uni- 
 versity, at Des Moines, Iowa, which place he occupied at the 
 time of his death, May 21, 1900. 
 
 He was the author of two books which were largely the 
 product of his study and teaching in the class room. "The 
 Divine Demonstration — A Text Book of Christian Evi- 
 dence" published in 1884, has been used in a large number 
 of Colleges as a Text Book on the subject of which it treats. 
 His second book "Science and Pedagogy of Ethics" was 
 published in 1899. These books show the clear and critical 
 scholar and thinker, the v/ise counsellor, and the humble 
 Christian man. He was always most at home where the 
 Christian religious element was predominant. When he 
 came to Drake University he said : "I am thankful every day 
 for my change from the Carbondale (Illinois) State Nor- 
 mal University to Drake University. I am expecting much 
 from the change of climate, but more from the change of 
 
11 1 RAM COLLEGE: As Remodeled in 18SG 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. I37 
 
 work. There I taught one or two classes each day, but was 
 mainly occupied, as President, in adjusting and oiling the 
 machinery. Here I am occupied with classes and have to 
 do with science and practical life. There I was helping to 
 train teachers for public schools, but here I am assisting 
 those who v/ould prepare to preach the gospel of Christ. In 
 a State school one's religious views must be held in abey- 
 ance; in this school Christianity is uppermost and all else 
 is subordinate. I rejoice in my freedom, and in my higher 
 work."'^' He always bore an unblemished character, and 
 filled every post of honor and responsibility to which he was 
 called with distinguished ability, fidelity and success. He 
 was the soul of honor, and believed that : 'Tlonor is a harder 
 master than the law, for it cannot compromise for less than 
 one hundred cents on the dollar, and its debts never outlaw." 
 He administered the complex and perplexing affairs of the 
 various executive offices to which he was called with ability 
 and wisdom. As a preacher and a writer he ranked high, 
 but the schoolroom was his kingdom over which he reigned, 
 everywhere and always, with noble and manly dignity, and 
 with the scepter of an unselfish, consecrated, Christian char- 
 acter. 
 
 Hiram college is largely indebted to him for its solid 
 worth and its integrity as a Christian institution of learning. 
 
 In 1863 the Board of Trustees adopted a resolution 
 assessing a fee of twenty-five cents per term from each 
 student to create a contingent fund to be applied "to printing 
 catalogues and other incidental expenses." 
 ^^^ The financial condition of the school was 
 
 stringent, the tuition receipts were the 
 only funds available to pay instructors. As might be sup- 
 posed, the salaries of teachers were so small as to be almost 
 
 *From '* Doctrine and Life," by Iowa writers, p. 20. 
 
138 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 insignificant, and teaching was a labor of love. This fact 
 goes a good ways towards explaining the frequent changes 
 in the executive and teaching force. At the same time, all 
 of the most prominent teachers remained a number of years, 
 becoming completely identified with the school and doing an 
 amount of excellent teaching in the spirit of self-sacrifice 
 that has never been properly appreciated but by the few. 
 
 After the resignation of Mr. Everest the Board of Trus- 
 tees elected C. W. Heywood to act as Managing Principal.* 
 His administration was a brief one, covering the year 1864- 
 65. Besides the management of the 
 
 ■ „ . . , school, Mr. Heywood taus^ht Natural Sci- 
 
 a* Principal. ' -^ '^ 
 
 ences, Classics and Rhetoric. Miss Booth, 
 vvho valiantly remained at her post during all these years of 
 uncertainty and frequent changes, was made Preceptress ; 
 besides teaching Modern Languages, Classics and Mathe- 
 matics. It seemed imxpossible, whatever other changes 
 might be made, to get along under any administration with- 
 out her. In 1863 the Board of Trustees had declared ''that 
 in the person of Miss Almeda A. Booth the Institution has a 
 teacher whose wisdom and experience fit her to hold, under 
 any and all arrangements, a large control in the direction 
 of the affairs and government of the school." Mr. William 
 
 Lovv^e for a portion of this year was a 
 
 r ^ ^'^^ teacher of Mathematics ; Mr. L. G. Felch 
 
 Lowe. ' 
 
 taught in the English Departm.ent; Miss 
 Mary Buckingham, History and Latin ; Miss Nellie Rudolph 
 was the teacher of German ; Miss Mary E. Moore taught 
 Instrum.ental Music; Miss Julia A. Wilson was teacher of 
 Landscape Painting and Drav/ing; and Miss S. M. New- 
 comb, teacher of Spencerian Penmanship. There is but little 
 data on which to base a judgment of Mr. Heywood as an 
 
 *He came from Kingsville Academj to Hiram, a graduate of 
 Rochester University, and a man of versatile talent. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 1 39 
 
 administrator of school affairs. He did the best he could 
 under the circumstances, and he left the Institution after his 
 brief service with the reputation of a good man and a faith- 
 ful teacher. 
 
 Mr. Heywood was succeeded by A. J. Thomson, who 
 
 acted as Managing Principal during the year 1865-66. Mr. 
 
 Garfield was still retained as Advising Principal. When 
 
 . ^ ^, Mr. Thomson was secured, Mr. Garfield 
 
 A. J. Thomson 1 , -i-w , ^ rT> 
 
 as Principal reported to the Board of Trustees that 
 
 the Committee on securing a Principal 
 and teachers ''had engaged Mr. A. J. Thomson as Principal 
 at $1,200 a year; Miss Booth at $700; Mr. IT. A. Coffeen at 
 $600; and Mr. L. G. Felch at $400 a year. Miss Booth still 
 held her place as Preceptress." Mr. I-I. A. Coffeen was the 
 teacher of Natural Science and Elocution ; Mr. L. G. Felch, 
 teacher in the English Department, and assistant teacher of 
 Mathematics ; Miss Julia B. Treat, teacher of Instrumental 
 Music ; Aliss Emma L. Johnson, teacher of Landscape Paint- 
 ing and Drawing*; and the Spencer Brothers, teachers of 
 Spencerian Penmanship. 
 
 The first name in any catalogue of Hiram in the De- 
 partment of Penmanship is that of Piatt R. Spencer. The 
 Institution v/as very fortunate to secure the ''old man elo- 
 quent with the pen" to lead her "fore- 
 Piatt Rogers ^, „ . , . . t, «■ r^ 
 
 Soencer niost hles m this department. Mr, Spen- 
 
 cer first came to Hiram in 1854, and the 
 Spencer family was identified with the Eclectic Institute 
 until its close. Mr. Spencer was the originator and author 
 of the "Spencerian style and system" of Penmanship, prob- 
 ably not surpassed by any other in America or the world. 
 
 *Miss Emma L. Johnson became a istudent at Hiram in the year 
 1857-8. As Mrs. B. S. Dean she is jet a teacher in the College. As 
 student and teacher she has had, perhaps, the longest continuous 
 relation to the school of any person. 
 
140 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 He was born in East Fishkill, New York, near the Catskill 
 mountains, November 7, 1800. lie was the 3'oungest of a 
 family of eleven children. His father was a soldier of the 
 Revolution. He died while Piatt was yet a mere child, and 
 the widowed mother, with New En)2:land courap;e and reso- 
 lution, sought a home in the pioneer lands of northern Ohio; 
 and much of Mr. Spencer's work was accomplished under 
 the difficulties and discouragements incident to the frontier 
 life. The family came in a wagon from the State of New 
 York to Jefferson, Ashtabula county, Ohio. It was a win- 
 ter's journey of fifty-one days. He was then ten years of 
 age. At the age of fourteen he taught his first writing 
 class. The most unique school of art in the world was his 
 famous log-cabin seminary. This he built on his own farm, 
 tv/o and one-half miles north-east of Geneva, Ohio, in 1848. 
 Here he began teaching his wonderful system of Penman- 
 ship. At the age of eight years, and before he had ever 
 seen a sheet of paper, he was seized with a desire to write 
 and draw. "With a penny clutched in his hand, he one day 
 hailed a lumberman going to the nearest tov/n twenty miles 
 away, and asked him to buy him a sheet of paper. Late into 
 the night he waited the return of the man, with the only 
 thought of applying his goose quill to a real sheet of paper. 
 When it came, he went to his room and wrote till morning."'''' 
 He was elected to several offices in Ashtabula county, among 
 them the office of Treasurer, which office he held till 1850. 
 An incendiary fire, during his last term of office as Treas- 
 urer, destroyed the Court Plouse and some of the papers in 
 the Treasurer's office. After his term of office expired, he 
 returned to Geneva, and in the little log-schoolhouse known 
 as "Jericho," began again to teach those who desired a 
 knowledge of his art. Here, away from "the pomp and din 
 
 *A. L. Arner, M. D., Jefferson, O. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 141 
 
 of city life," young men and women came, from all parts of 
 the country. Among these log-seminary students was H. 
 Dwight Stratton, chief of the founders of the great chain of 
 commercial colleges, numbering fifty-two, in the United 
 States and Canada. Mr. Spencer began teaching penman- 
 ship in Hiram in 1854. Some of the very best students that 
 Hiram had at that time were in his classes, which were 
 usually large, always full of enthusiasm. He was the poetr 
 penman of the world, and from an original poem which was 
 sung at the closing lesson in March, 1857, the following 
 stanza is given : 
 
 "One wish — young friend, ardent, sincere, 
 Life be to you a well-writ page. 
 Each letter perfect, full and clear. 
 Linked in bright lines from age to age ; 
 Such records Heaven approves full well, 
 And such be yours, farewell, farewell." 
 
 In the winter of 1864 he delivered his last lecture, and 
 gave his last course of lessons in Packard's Business College, 
 in New York City, and then laid down his "faithful pen," 
 not again to be taken up. He died May 16, 1864, at Geneva, 
 Ohio, and his remains lie buried in the beautiful cemetery 
 at that place. 
 I Referring to Mr. Spencer in an address before the stu- 
 
 dents of the Spencerian Business College, at Washington, 
 D. C, June 29, 1869, Mr. Garfield said: "About forty 
 years ago a young lad who had come from the Catskill 
 ountains, where he had learned the rudiments of penman- 
 hip by scribbling on the sole-leather of a good old Quaker 
 [shoemaker — for he was too poor to buy paper — till he could 
 rite better than his neighbors, commenced to teach in that 
 rt of Ohio which has been called 'benighted Ashtabula.' 
 e set up a little writing school in a rude log cabin, and 
 
142 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 threw into the work the fervor of a poetic soul and a 
 strength of heart and spirit that few men possess. He 
 caught his ideals of beaut}^ from the waves of the lake and 
 the curves they make upon the white sand beach, and from 
 the tracery of the spider's web. Studying the lines of beauty 
 as drawn by the hand of Nature, he wrought out that sys- 
 tem of penmanship which is now the pride of our country, 
 and the model of our schools." 
 
 Besides his Vv-ork as Principal of the Institute, Mr. 
 Thomson was teacher of Classics, Rhetoric, and Phonogra- 
 phy. He was a man of fine culture and a 
 Mr, Thomson 1 , , , 1 1 , 11 
 
 as Te 1 devoted teacher, but under the uncertam- 
 
 ties, financial condition and other difficul- 
 ties prevailing at that time, he closed his relations to Hiram 
 at the end of the year. 
 
 Adoniram Judson Thomson was born near Burksville, 
 Ky., September 3, 1835. Not long after his parents re- 
 moved to Louisville, and for a time that city was their home. 
 
 Thence they removed to Illinois, which 
 
 L^^^.^u ^r^ was Mr. Thomson's home until 188-^, ex- 
 Sketch of ... ^!: ^ ^ 
 A. J. Thomson. ^^P^ ^^^^ 7^^-^ Spent in Hiram m 1865-60. 
 He became a member of the Christian 
 church at the age of seventeen. In 1858 he graduated from 
 Abingdon College, receiving the degree of A. B. ; and three 
 years later the degree of A. M. from the same institution. 
 He was ordained to the gospel ministry in 1858, and 
 preached on Sundays almost constantly from that time till 
 1886. He was teacher in Abingdon College for about twen- 
 ty-five years, leaving that work to accept the place of Prin- 
 cipal of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, which he 
 resigned in one year and returned to Abingdon College in 
 1866. 
 
 Alone or associated with another he was pastor of the 
 church in Abingdon about fifteen years. Among other 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 1^3 
 
 churches in IlHnois for which he preached regularly for 
 longer or shorter periods were Blandins\alle, Bryant, Den- 
 ver, Henderson, Monmouth, Plymouth, Peoria, Princeton, 
 and Ouincy. In 1883 he was called to the pastorate of the 
 church in Manhattan, Kansas, where he remained three 
 years. During this time he served on the Kansas State 
 Board of Missions as President, and in other relations. In 
 1891-92 he was employed in the office of the Standard Pub- 
 lishing Company at Cincinnati, O., and a part of that time 
 preached for the church at Carthage, Ohio. In October, 
 1892, he was elected Principal of the Louisville Christian 
 Bible School, then under the auspices of the American 
 Christian Missionary Society, but lately transferred to the 
 Christian Woman's Board of Missions. In this position he 
 is still at work, most laboriously, conscientiously and effect- 
 ivel}^ In every relation he has held at Hiram or elsewhere 
 he has maintained a character "void of offense," and a repu- 
 tation for gifts and acquirements of a high order. 
 
 Within the period now being considered, and well to- 
 wards the close of the Eclectic Institute, and urged on by a 
 number of eminent Disciples, ministers and others, the 
 Board of Trustees proposed to add to the 
 ,^ ^^ Institution "a Theolosfical Department, 
 
 Department. ^ ... 
 
 distinct from the Literary, in which regu- 
 lar classes would be formed and direct instruction given to 
 those who designed to enter the ministry." It was asserted 
 that the demand for such instruction is imperative ; that it 
 is absurd to claim that the teacher of God's Word should be 
 less complete and systematic in preparation for his work 
 than the members of other learned professions ; that it was 
 folly and superstitious weakness to neglect that thorough 
 discipline and laborious preparation necessary to fit a man 
 for such high duties, and credulously trust that God will 
 supply both knowledge and culture ; and as the success and 
 
144 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 permanency of the Eclectic Institute no longer appeared 
 doubtful, such a department should be established as soon 
 as possible. The idea of making of the Institute a Theo- 
 logical Seminary had in a large degree, if not entirely, 
 passed away ; and the proposition was now to arrange for a 
 ''Course of Biblical Lectures," which would open the way 
 for a permanent Theological Department. A committee 
 consisting of Dr. J. P. Robison, J. A. Garfield and Harmon 
 Austin was appointed June 20, 1865, to provide for a Course 
 of Biblical Lectures. This committee, after due considera- 
 tion, reported that they had received "the advice of a large 
 number of prominent brethren," and had decided *'to profit 
 by the wisdom of other professions, such as Law and Medi- 
 cine," and announced that they had secured the services of 
 able and experienced men who would give in the name of 
 the Institution, "a Course of Lectures which would be free 
 to preachers and students of the Bible desiring to perfect 
 themselves in the ministry of the Word." 
 
 A Solicitor had also been appointed to canvass the 
 churches for the funds necessary to inaugurate the work. 
 On his report the committee further said: ''From the en- 
 couragements received in the way of cash and pledges we 
 have agreed with Isaac Errett, that he, together with those 
 whom he may call to assist him in the course, be paid the 
 sum of twenty-five hundred dollars, and five hundred dol- 
 lars for incidentals ; this amount to be divided and used as 
 Mr. Errett might agree with his associates." The Course 
 of Lectures was to begin Monday, June 4, 1866, and con- 
 tinue for fifteen weeks. Isaac Errett, the chosen head of 
 the Department, announced that his associates would be 
 Robert Milligan, of Kentucky University, Lecturer on the 
 Inspiration and Interpretation of the Scriptures, Historical 
 and Critical Study of the Old Testament, and Critical and 
 Exegetical Analysis of the New Testament; Henry T. An- 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. I45 
 
 derson, Lecturer on the Principles of Interpretation as ap- 
 plied to the Greek of the New Testament ; David S. Burnet^ 
 Lecturer on Sacred Rhetoric, and Preparation and Delivery 
 of Sermons. Other lectures on kindred topics were to be 
 supplied during the term. The Course of Lectures began 
 at the time announced and were so successful that at a 
 meeting of the Board of Trustees held in Hiram, August 
 14, 1866, the following resolutions offered by Mr. Garfield 
 were adopted : "Resolved, That the experiment of a Course 
 of Biblical Lectures, inaugurated by the Board of Trustees, 
 and now in progress, has proved eminently successful, and 
 should be maintained as a permanent means of fitting young 
 men for the Ministry of the Gospel. 
 
 "Resolved, That the thanks of the Board of Trustees 
 are cordially extended to the brethren who have delivered 
 the Lectures before the Biblical class for the ability and 
 faithfulness of their labors." 
 
 While this Course of Lectures was good and whole- 
 some, and a credit to the distinguished men who gave them, 
 they were the last as they were the first of their kind in the 
 history of the Institution.* The voice of its charter, which 
 announced its special purpose to be ''the instruction of 
 youth of both sexes in the various branches of literature and 
 science, especially of moral science, as based on the facts 
 and precepts of the Holy Scriptures" ; and the early em- 
 phatic announcement that ''the Bible must be taken into the 
 School as a book of study ; its facts must be studied ; its own 
 pure and perfect morality must be daily urged upon the 
 consciences of the students, in view of its fearful sanctions,'* 
 were supreme mandates. Many were in favor of the new 
 departure, but more were against it. Daily Bible instruc- 
 tion has been kept up during the fifty years of the life of the 
 
 *There were two courses, one in 1866 and one in 1867. 
 
146 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Institution, but nothing like the modern Theological Semi- 
 nary, or Theological Department, has ever gained a foot- 
 hold in Hiram. The Biblical languages are daily taught by 
 competent Professors ; the Book is studied in the original 
 languages, in the classroom ; the history and the doctrine 
 of the Bible are investigated ; the power and strength of 
 the church, as well as her weaknesses, are all considered as 
 a part of the purpose for which the Institution was founded. 
 For sixteen years the Eclectic Institute was without a 
 Commercial Department, where the laws, rules and methods 
 of commercial transactions and business 
 
 ^ ^ , could be studied and illustrated. Ausfust 
 Department. ° 
 
 14, 1866, on motion of Mr. Garfield, the 
 Committee on Teachers was authorized to inquire into "the 
 feasibility of establishing a Commercial Department in the 
 Eclectic." This committee appears to have considered the 
 matter "feasible," for in the catalogue of 1867 the name of 
 o c H'll ^' ^' ^^^^ appears as teacher in "English 
 
 and Commercial Departments." He was 
 the first instructor in this Department at Hiram, and he 
 remained at the head of the Department until he left the 
 Institution in 1875. He was a student in Hiram when the 
 Civil War broke out. He enlisted as a soldier, served his 
 period of enlistment, and then returned to Hiram to study 
 and to teach. He was an enthusiastic teacher and a useful 
 man. He graduated at Williams College in 1876. For two 
 3^ears he was a teacher in Oberlin College, and for twelve 
 years he taught in the public schools of Oregon, Missouri, 
 and Hiawatha, Kansas. He was the author of a series of 
 school readers. He was a preacher, also, and occupied the 
 pulpit, more or less, on Sundays for thirty years. Wher- 
 ever he lived he bore an honorable name. He was born in 
 Orange, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, December 31, 1839, and 
 died in Hiawatha, Kansas, June 30, 1899. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 147 
 
 John M. Atwater was the last Principal of the Eclectic 
 
 Institute ; and he was one of its first body of students. He 
 
 John Milton ^^^o reached over into the College and 
 
 Atwater was One of its first Professors, and after- 
 
 rincipa . wards President. It is fitting, therefore, 
 
 that the glow of the closing days of the "Old Eclectic," and 
 
 the sheen of the rising College days should fall on him at 
 
 this point in the History of Hiram College. 
 
 After the resignation of A. J. Thomson, the Board of 
 Trustees was under the necessity of finding another Prin- 
 cipal, and the lot fell on John M. Atwater. On motion of 
 Mr. Garfield it was "Resolved, That the Committee on 
 Teachers be authorized to employ J. M. Atwater, J. S. Ross, 
 and such other teachers as may be necessary, to conduct the 
 Literary Department of the Institute in the future ; and that 
 the amount of money received for tuition, and no more, be 
 allowed to the payment of such teachers, and for the inci- 
 dental expenses of the Institution." 
 
 Mr. Atwater accepted the place on these conditions; 
 and associated with him were J. S. Ross, teacher of Classics 
 and Natural Sciences; Osmer C. Hill, teacher in English 
 and Commercial Departments; Miss S. A. Bartlett, teacher 
 of Languages, and Botany ; Miss Julia E. Pardee, teacher 
 of Mathematics, and Philosophy ; Miss Tillie Newcomb, 
 teacher of Instrumental Music; Miss Emma L. Johnson, 
 teacher of Landscape Painting and Drawing; Miss Mary 
 Atwater, teacher of French and German ; and W. H. 
 Rogers, Bailey S. Dean, Grove E. Barber, and C. C. Smith, 
 as Assistant Teachers in the English Department. 
 
 Of these, J. S. Ross is still living, an honorable and 
 honored man and a Christian preacher of high repute ; of 
 Miss Bartlett there are no records at hand ; Miss Pardee is 
 the wife of Prof. Asa M. Weston, who was the first Pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics and Modern Languages in Hiram 
 
I4S HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 College; Miss Newcomb was for several years teacher of 
 Instrumental Music, and as the wife of J. C. Ellis, yet re- 
 sides in Hiram; Miss Johnson is the wife of Prof. B. S. 
 Dean, and the present cultured teacher of China Decora- 
 tion and Pastel in Hiram College ; W. H. Rogers is a cul- 
 tured preacher in Massachusetts; B. S. Dean is Professor 
 of History in Hiram College; G. E. Barber is Professor of 
 Latin in the University of Nebraska ; and C. C. Smith is a 
 swift-footed, able, and eloquent messenger of the Church, 
 and assistant Corresponding Secretary of the American 
 Christian Missionary Society. Mary Atwater married G. 
 W. Neely, and died at her home in Bower, North Carolina, 
 April 12, 1900. John M. Atwater, the leader of this band 
 of teachers, died in Cleveland, Ohio, January 17, 1900. 
 
 Perhaps the best known family group of students that 
 
 attended school in Hiram in the early period were the At- 
 
 waters, three brothers, Orris, John, and Amzi, and a sister, 
 
 Mar3^ ''Belonging to a well-known 
 
 p ., family of the vicinage, attending for a 
 
 number of years more regularly, and 
 generally several of them at the same time, and possessing 
 abilities and character, they naturally impressed themselves 
 upon the School, both as a group and as individuals." All 
 have lived honorable and useful lives, and yet it is no invidi- 
 ous judgment that places John at the head of the list. He 
 was born in Mantua, Ohio, June 3, 1837. He became a 
 Christian, upon a profession of his faith and baptism, when 
 he was little more than twelve years of age, and united with 
 the Church in Mantua. His first term in Hiram was in 
 185 1, a year after the School was first opened. He taught 
 school in Solon in the winter of i854-'55. He preached his 
 first sermon in Hiram in the fall of 1859, and continued to 
 preach one-half time for the church in Hiram until the 
 spring of 1861, dividing the time with Hiram's veteran 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 
 
 [49 
 
 preacher, Symonds Ryder. During this period he was stu- 
 dent and teacher in the Eclectic Institute. In 1861 he en- 
 tered OberHn College and graduated under the Presidency 
 of Charles G. Finney in 1863. He was married to Harriet 
 M. Smith at Oberlin, October i, 1863. He was the pastor 
 of the church in Wellington, Ohio in i863-'64, and until 
 1866 pursued the Theological Course at Oberlin, and 
 preached for the churches at Camden, Henrietta and Eaton 
 in Lorain county. In 1866 he was elected Principal of the 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, and in 1867 he was 
 chosen Professor of Latin and Greek, in Hiram College, 
 under the Presidency of Dr. Silas E. Shepard. After the 
 resignation of Dr. Shepard he was elected President of 
 Hiram College, and served from 1868- 1870. Pie thus had 
 "the unique distinction of being both Principal of the Ec- 
 lectic Institute and President of Hiram College, and strove 
 hard to do his duty in both positions." He served as Pro- 
 fessor of Latin and Greek in Alliance College in i87o-'7i. 
 After he left Alliance he turned his attention for several 
 years to the ministry and was pastor of the church in 
 Syracuse, N. Y., in i87i-'72; Worcester, Mass., i872-'76; 
 Wauseon, Ohio, i876-'78; Springfield, 111., i878-'79; Cleve- 
 land, Ohio, Franklin Circle Church, 1879- '84; and Ada, 
 Ohio, i885-'87. While at Ada he published a monthly 
 journal, "The One Principle," which was intended "to em- 
 phasize the importance of the union of all Christians upon 
 Christ." 
 
 In September, 1887, he was elected Principal of the 
 Normal Department, and Professor of Didactics in Garfield 
 University, Wichita, Kansas, under the Presidency of H. 
 W. Everest. His wife died at Wichita, September 9, 1887. 
 On leaving Wichita he preached for several Kansas 
 churches from 1888 to 1890. He served Eureka College as 
 Professor of Latin in i89i-'92. In June, 1892, he was mar- 
 
150 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ried to Miss Anna Robison, who became his efficient helper 
 at Oskaloosa, Iowa, whither he went to assume the duties 
 of President of Oskaloosa College in 1892. He remained 
 in Oskaloosa until 1897, when he was elected President of 
 Central Christian College at Albany, Missouri. His health 
 having failed soon after he reached Albany, he was obliged 
 to resign from the Institution, which he did at the close of 
 the College year. This practically terminated the labors 
 of his life. After vainly seeking health in the South, he 
 returned to Cleveland, Ohio, where, in the midst of his 
 friends, he died January 17, 1900, loved and lamented by 
 all. Between his entry into Hiram in 185 1 and the close 
 of his life in 1900 is the record of a laborious and busy 
 career. He did much that is not named, and could not be 
 detailed, in a brief sketch. In every position to which he 
 was called he was faultlessly faithful in his effort to m.eet 
 every obligation. "He was a sound scholar, a good teacher, 
 and excellent companion, and a true man." He excelled as 
 a teacher rather than as a preacher or the executive head of 
 school or college. He was a man of almost infinite detail 
 in his methods of analysis, and administration of affairs. 
 To many this made his addresses and sermons tiresome and 
 his administrative directions bewildering. He was an ex- 
 ceedingly busy man, never sparing himself, if so he might 
 help others. Pie once wrote to a friend : "1 live in one in- 
 cessant, pelting hailstorm of demands upon my time." He 
 was a pure man in heart, in speech, in life. Robert Moffett, 
 who was one of the speakers at his funeral, said of his good- 
 ness of life : *T never saw or heard of, nor did I ever know 
 of anyone else who ever saw or heard, John Atwater say 
 or do anything at any time or place that was not worthy 
 of the upright life." He was tenacious of his opinions 
 almost to the border of stubbornness, as some of his friends 
 thought, and was harder to persuade than the occasion 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 151 
 
 seemed to justify, and yet, his views were maintained most 
 conscientiously and considerately. All in all, he is one of 
 the great men that Hiram, in its first half century, has given 
 to the world. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Ford, who was the most successful solicitor 
 or financial agent emplo3^€d by the Board during the entire 
 Eclectic period, made a strong effort to lay the foundation 
 
 ^ , . for a permanent endowment fund for the 
 
 Looking -r • • TS.T 1 r^^^ * 
 
 towards an Institution. November lo, 1866, he re- 
 
 Endowment, ported that he had succeeded in raising 
 reliable subscriptions and notes for the 
 endowment fund, in Hiram and its immediate vicinity, 
 amounting to $16,775 ; ^i^d that he had other subscriptions 
 sufficient to make the total nearly thirty thousand dollars. 
 It is probable that these subscriptions were never all paid, 
 but they laid the foundation for the present creditable en- 
 dowment of the College. June 12, 1867, on motion of Mr. 
 C. B. Lockwood, a 'Tinance Committee" was created by 
 the Board of Trustees, "to take charge of all funds for 
 endowment, and invest the same subject to the approval of 
 the Board ; and this Board hereby promise the brotherhood 
 that no part of the principal of such funds shall be used, 
 but shall be kept sacred for the purpose for which it was 
 donated." With rare exceptions this rule has always been 
 adhered to by the Board of Trustees; and if at any time, 
 for temporary necessities, any portion of the endowment 
 fund has been used, it has been promptly replaced. 
 
 A system of scholarships was also attempted, but so 
 far as the records show, the effort was never of much bene- 
 fit to the Institution. Some money was, however, raised in 
 
 Scholarships. ^^^^ ^^^^' ^'^^^ugh the amount was com- 
 paratively small. The scholarship method 
 of raising funds for the Institution has never, for some rea- 
 son, been popular with the constituency of Hiram College. 
 
152 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 To the old students of Hiram the sound of the College 
 
 3eil meant more than it does to-day. Then it announced 
 
 the hour of risino^ in the morning: and the 
 The 
 Coliee-e Bell ^ouT when the students must be in their 
 
 rooms at night. Now it has little signifi- 
 cance save as a warning for the change of classes. For 
 many years the bell was rung at five o'clock in the morning, 
 but this habit ceased about the year 1870. The nine o'clock 
 night bell was discontinued about the year 1884. The rule 
 of the Institution was — 
 
 ''Early to bed and early to rise, 
 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." 
 
 But these early habits have long since passed away, either 
 
 for better or for worse. 
 
 Perhaps no one who has made the attempt to describe 
 
 oldest Hiram and its students, had a more vivid memory of 
 
 the persons and events, and has been able 
 
 ,j. , ., to describe them more felicitously and 
 
 Hiram and its _ -^ 
 
 Students. accurately, and sometimes humorously, 
 
 than John M. Atwater. In 1880 he made 
 an address before the "Hiram College Reunion" on "Our 
 Ideals of Life and Character," which contains so much of 
 interest concerning those early days, that a summary of it 
 is here given : 
 
 No one can return, after years of absence, to the school 
 
 or college where he once studied, at least in the time of its 
 
 ordinary activity and regular work, without a strong im- 
 
 ,, . , ^ , pression, perhaps even a sad one, that he 
 Mr. Atwater's l^ 1 ^ -u • 1 ^r, - . t, r ^.u 
 
 J, . has lost his place ; that the waves 01 the 
 
 deluge have swept away all his gener- 
 ation, and that a new tribe has taken possession of the earth. 
 But this is Reunion Day ; and Reunion Day, it would seem, 
 should be old students' day, when those who at other times 
 might flit silent and lone like uneasy ghosts across these 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 153 
 
 grounds, may congregate in such numbers as to seem for 
 the day to reconquer and repossess the land. 
 
 Are you then an old Hiram student? Do you belong 
 to this army? Advance, and give the countersign. But 
 first, pause; there are old students, and then there are old 
 students. To what era do you belong? In what geologic 
 age did you flourish? You were here, you say, when the 
 corner-stone was laid of the Ladies' Hall! But that was 
 only yesterday. I fear you are a new comer. Do you re- 
 member when the seats in the college chapel were first 
 turned to face the west? Do you remember when Prof. 
 Demmon came here to fill the chair now held by Prof. Bar- 
 ber? If you are an old student you were here when there 
 was no Hiram College, but rather the old Eclectic Institute. 
 Perhaps you can remember when President Everest, now 
 of Eureka College, was at the head of this institution. It 
 may be you were here when Prof. Rhodes had his great 
 classes in elocution. It is possible that you were here to 
 help plant these trees on the college grounds ; if so, we shall 
 admit that you are one of the old students. Do you remem- 
 ber a time when the Delphic, the Hesperian, and the Olive 
 Branch were yet unborn, when little mushroom societies 
 sprang up and died almost every term? (In those days 
 arose the Junto, the Progressionist, the Attic, the Society 
 of Seven, the Washingtonian, the Philomathean, the Eclec- 
 tic, and many others.) Do you recollect the time when 
 there was a primary department, a school for children, in 
 the south wing of the college? Were you here when Wal. 
 Ford used to call the roll of students in chapel in the morn- 
 ing? Do you remember when N. C. Meeker, the victim of 
 the late Indian massacre, kept a store just west of the 
 church? Were you here when Senator Garfield was em- 
 ployed to ring the college bell ? Do you recollect when the 
 last two or three presidents of the college first came here 
 fresh from the farm with the hayseed still in their hair? 
 Can you remember when there was a regular boarding- 
 house in the college basement? Were you a student here 
 when Miss Booth had not yet become a teacher here, but 
 was still teaching district school over in Mantua? Were 
 you in school here when W. B. Hazen, now General in the 
 
154 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 U. S. Arm}^ was a school-boy here from Garrettsville? 
 You were here in those days, were you? Well, then, we 
 will not require you to go through college, but will confer 
 upon you at once the degree of O. H. S. — Old Hiram Stu- 
 dent — and for this one day your degree ranks higher than 
 that of those who took the sheepskins yesterday. 
 
 When you and I were notified of the approach of this 
 reunion, and began to make our plans to attend it, we were 
 naturally led to think of the friends we should meet here ; 
 to call up the once familiar faces, and to speculate as to 
 which of them would be here, and which would not. And 
 we thought of some who have drifted so far away from this 
 place into distant States, that we scarcely expected to meet 
 them in this reunion ; and we thought of some, too, who 
 have drifted out into that unknown sea whence there is no 
 returning. And so we have been spending these late weeks 
 m the companionship, as it were, of old schoolmates, living 
 over again the half-forgotten days, reciting again the old 
 lessons, holding anew the old contests, and walking with 
 old friends over the old familiar paths. 
 
 Almost every foot of ground around Hiram Hill, for 
 miles away, is historic; memories, which link together old 
 companions, haunt each nook and corner, each field and 
 hillside. 
 
 South of the college, is the old foot-ball ground, scene 
 of mighty battles. In the northwest corner of the college 
 campus, base-ball has flourished for many a year. In the 
 corner northeast of the college, under the old apple trees, 
 several comimencements have been held, and one reunion or 
 more; and the air down there is thick with mental pictures 
 of the scenes and the speakers of those occasions. Over 
 northwest of the village, in the field, then half woods, is the 
 tree, perhaps only a stump now, under which we sat down 
 alone to grapple with the "Goose Question," and wrestled 
 until we gained the victory. I do not know whether Hiram 
 students, in their march on the road to knowledge still meet 
 that column of geese marching to oppose their progress, but 
 I can testify that in my day the approach of those geese 
 caused grreat searchin^s of heart, and it was not every 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 155 
 
 Student by any means who at recitation was found to be 
 "sound on the goose question." 
 
 In that same northwest field is the spot where once 
 Amzi Atwater, who had gone out to recite his commence- 
 ment speech, met a black bear, which had lately parted com- 
 pany with some caravan. The bear was passing through 
 from the southwest, and was just in time to be present at 
 the rehearsal; but as the boy and the bear were not ac- 
 quainted with each other, he did not interview the beast, 
 and does not know to this day how his speech took with the 
 stranger. The attendance of the bear at his rehearsal must 
 have been very encouraging to the speaker; he had, of 
 course, expected to be something of a lion on commence- 
 ment day, but not that his first roar would call all the wild 
 beasts together. 
 
 Over west of the college, and just south of Tiffany 
 Hall,* is the spot where Abraham Lincoln was first nomi- 
 
 * 
 
 While I was a student in Hiram in the winter of 1857- 1858, I 
 roomed in what was then known as "Tiffany Hall," a long one-story 
 building, with a hall running the entire length, with rooms partitioned 
 off on either side for student lodging and study rooms. The build- 
 ing is yet standing on the street leading to the residence of Pro- 
 fessor Peckham and outwardly is substantially as it was then. 
 
 That winter was distinctly marked by the excitement caused by 
 the decision in 1857 of the Dred Scott case by the United States 
 Supreme Court and handed down by Chief Justice Roger Brooke 
 Taney, in which a majority of the Court held that "negroes were 
 so inferior ^that they had no rights which the white man was bound 
 to respect." There was intense excitement in the Nation over the 
 decision, and especially was this true on the "Western Reserve" in 
 Ohio. 
 
 During the winter some of the students in Hiram entered into 
 an arrangement by which the leading -features in the evasion and en- 
 forcement of the law should be illustrated in a somewhat realistic 
 way. I do not now remember all the details or the names of those 
 who took a leading part in the arrangement. I only know that I was 
 let into the secret, and asked to become a participant, which I de- 
 clined. Two young men by the name of Mumford roomed in "Tif- 
 fany Hall" on the opposite side of the building to my own room, and 
 they were made the victims of the plot. Somewhere near midnight 
 two black-faced students, representing fugitive slaves, on their way 
 to Canada and freedom, attended by two or three men representing 
 farmers of the vicinity, came into the Hall, to Mumford's room, and 
 insisted on having supper, as they had been in hiding all day and 
 
156 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 nated for President of the United States. It was twenty 
 years ago! And who would have thought it had been so 
 long! The great Chicago Republican Convention of i860 
 was about to hold its three-day session. The leading can- 
 didates were Seward and Chase, Lincoln being mentioned 
 only occasionally as a far-off possibility. Some of Mrs. 
 Hart's boarders (among them Harry Glasier, H. D. Carl- 
 ton, and Amzi Atwater), were fond of pitching quoits as a 
 rest from books. To give zest to the game, the boys en- 
 listed as champions of the several would-be nominees of 
 the Chicago Convention. This was done for several days ; 
 and there on the play-ground they declared Lincoln to be 
 nominated, while at Chicago the fight was still raging be- 
 tween Seward and Chase ! Moral : Boys are a class of 
 folks that deserve close watching. 
 
 In the street, in front of President Hinsdale's (which 
 was then Mr. Garfield's house), is the ground where we 
 played wicket ball ; Mr. Garfield was one of our best play- 
 ers. Then there was D. R. Northway, the best batter on 
 
 were hungry. Willingly and quickly these two good Mumford boys 
 set before the supposed half-starved fugitives the very best they had, 
 and their meal was being disposed of with haste and evident relish, 
 when there appeared suddenly in the midst of the startled company 
 two officers of the Government and their posse, who proceeded to 
 place in arrest in a formal way, the two Mumford boys for the 
 "audacious crime" of harboring and feeding fugitive slaves. The two 
 Mumford boys took the matter seriously and from a farce to begin 
 with it looked for a time as if there might really be a tragedy in the 
 end. Other students who had rooms in "Tiffany Hall" were roused, 
 and word was soon taken to A. S. Hayden, who was living in Hiram 
 at that time, and to James A. Garfield, the Principal of the Eclectic 
 Institute, who soon started for the center of disturbance with the 
 grim determination that "no slave shall ever be returned to slavery 
 from Hiram Hill." But, before they reached the Hall, there had been 
 a general scattering of the principals in the farce and the occupants 
 of the Hall were left to explain matters as best they could. The 
 ring-leaders in the afifair were identified, and the next morning the 
 chapel exercises were well-seasoned with "hot stuff," and two of 
 the boys were dismissed from the school. While the affair was only 
 intended for "fun," it had a serious effect on the future politics of 
 some of the students, and especially did it impress Mr. Garfield with 
 the sense of hatred toward slavery and love for liberty as nothing 
 before ever had. This fact I had from Mr. Garfield himself. 
 
 / — F. M. Green. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 157 
 
 the ground, and Hi. Chamberlin, and Mose Richards, and 
 that young giant from Virginia, Hoff. He was a good fel- 
 low ; the boys called him **01d Virginia Never Tire." Has 
 anybody heard from him since the war?* 
 
 Down south of Uncle Zeb's, across the street, and 
 across the ravine, is the place where four of us went once 
 to rehearse a discussion prepared for commencement; but, 
 alas, in saying it, I recall that two of the four are long 
 since dead. They died during the war — Will Smith and 
 Gus Williams ! They were two of the pleasantest fellows 
 we ever had here in Hiram. How at every turn the faces 
 start up along these paths of those that are with us here 
 no more f -i^ * * >k =!: j ^^g speaking of a place where we 
 once went to rehearse. But where did we not go to re- 
 hearse ! If the trees about Hiram were phonographs, you 
 could shake orations and debates out of any tree within two 
 miles of this hill. And who knows but Edison or some 
 other son of a Yankee will yet get the hang of making the 
 trees repeat what they have heard ! If that time ever 
 comes, then as farmers have some trees that bear green- 
 ings, and others pippins, so the folks about Hiram will have 
 some trees for prose and some for poetry ; one tree that re- 
 cites Hiawatha, and another Horatius At The Bridge; one 
 tree that bears salutatories, and another valedictories. 
 
 Down in Esq. Udall's sugar camp is the place v\rhere 
 we went twenty-four years ago last spring for a Leap Year 
 Sugar Party ! It was a merry time. So many fair, bright 
 faces ! So much gay and hopeful young life ! Where are 
 they all now? 
 
 It is pleasant, and yet it is sad too, to wander thus in 
 memory over all these hills and fields where forms invisible 
 to outward eye start up to meet us at every footstep. Per- 
 haps you would pardon me if I should dwell still longer 
 upon these scenes and memories. But as I look back at 
 our student life here in Hiram, at the busy swarming hive 
 of which we were a part twenty years ago to-day, I am led 
 to think of the question what Hiram was in those days ; 
 what spirit ruled here, what Hiram taught us, and what it 
 
 * Mr. Hoff at that time was living at Cadiz, O. 
 
I5S HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 did for us. It was here, beyond question, that many of us 
 took the shaping of our Hves. It was here that we con- 
 sciously and unconsciously received the ideals of life and 
 character which will continue to mould our thoughts and 
 our actions as long as we live. 
 
 In answering the question, "What Ideals did Hiram 
 Give Us?" Mr. Atwater in part said: H 
 
 I shall not attempt to enumerate all the noble concep- 
 tions of character which from time to time Hiram held up 
 The Ideals of Life before her sons and daughters to win 
 which Hiram their admiration. I shall only seize upon 
 Gave its Students, a few, and those the ones which most 
 impressed me, and which beyond all doubt had a mighty 
 influence for good with many generations of students. 
 
 The first which I will mention of those ideals which 
 we learned to admire, is that of a man standing squarely on 
 his own feet, and not held up or bolstered up by somebody 
 else. 
 
 There are two classes of men whom we meet every- 
 where and in all situations in life. One of them has some 
 force of his own ; the other has to be held up and carried by 
 his father. One of them intends to do something himself; 
 the other can always tell you of great things that his grand- 
 father did. One of them knows how to earn his own money ; 
 the other knows how to spend what his father has earned. 
 One of them begins poor and slowly works his way up ; 
 the other begins rich and rapidly runs down. One of them 
 sets up a little business and slowly builds it up till he be- 
 comes perhaps a merchant prince; the other is set up in 
 business on a large scale by his father and soon runs) 
 through with both the business and the capital. One oi 
 them begins life in obscurity and rises by his own merits 
 to an honorable prominence; the other is introduced to an 
 admiring public or even to the world, by his renowned 
 father, and is kept by him from sinking into utter obscurity. 
 One of them, in all his plans and undertakings for life, ex- 
 pects to work his own way and carve out his own success ; 
 the other never accomplishes anything nor even undertakes 
 anything except as somebody's patronage carries him all 
 the way. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 159 
 
 Hiram taught her sons and daughters to admire the 
 one, and to pity and despise the other. She taught us not 
 only to have an honorable pride in winning such laurels as 
 we could, but she taught us to cherish an equally honorable 
 pride in refusing to wear any laurels which we had not our- 
 selves won. I think it is safe to say that Hiram fixed this 
 thought in the hearts of her children. 
 
 A second ideal which Hiram taught us to admire was 
 that of a man who is in reality just what he professes to be; 
 a man who wishes to be knozvn to be just zvhat he is. 
 
 *'To be, rather than to seem," this was the motto. This 
 second principle is in very close sympathy with the first. 
 The man who stands upon his own feet, instead of being 
 carried by others, the man who has an honest pride in win- 
 ning success and reputation for himself, and who feels it to 
 be a species of degradation to wear borrowed honors as 
 being somebody's son^ such a man is likely also to feel it as 
 a degradation to wear honors which he is supposed to de- 
 serve, but which he knows he does not. 
 
 Another ideal which was always before us in the days 
 of which I write, and which beyond all doubt made its im- 
 print upon our characters, was that of a minute man — a 
 man who is always ready, a man who has all his faculties 
 under such discipline and control that they obey his will, 
 and furnish to order the best product of which they are 
 capable. 
 
 When you and I were students here, we were taught 
 to have a genuine pride in being always ready, ''semper 
 paratus," as the good old Latin proverb is. And this "al- 
 ways ready" has a wonderful number of applications. It 
 means never tardy, always there on time ; it means that you 
 always come prepared, that you have the exercise for which 
 you were appointed, that you have the report which you 
 promised to write for the committee, that you have brought 
 the documents on which the business depends ; it means that 
 you always come zvell prepared, that your declamation is 
 committed so you do not blunder and flounder, that in your 
 essay you have done yourself justice, that your committee 
 report is written and in order, not oral and scrappy; it 
 means that you are ready to undertake, to step in, to go 
 
j6o history of HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 forward, to take responsibility ; it means that when you are 
 wanted, you can be counted on, if the thing itself is right ; 
 it means that you are a ready off-hand speaker, that you 
 can rise without a moment's warning, gather your thoughts 
 together while you talk, speak to the point, strike the nail 
 on the head, drive it home, and clinch it. And this being 
 ''always ready" is a habit that can be acquired, an art that 
 can be learned. The reason why one man is always ready 
 and can be counted on, and another always comes too late 
 or unprepared, is that one of them has trained himself or 
 has been trained to be on time and ready, and the other 
 has allowed himself or has been allowed to be sleepy and 
 slow. 
 
 Some of the papers told a good story lately to illustrate 
 Russian and Turkish military discipline. Two officers, one 
 of each nation, being stationed near each other during a 
 truce, were boasting of the drill of their respective armies. 
 The Russian declared that so perfect was the discipline in 
 the Russian army that if he sent a soldier on an ordinary 
 duty, he could tell at each instant what progress the soldier 
 had made. To prove this he called an orderly and directed 
 him to make a small purchase at a neighboring shop. The 
 orderly saluted and disappeared. The officer, taking out 
 his watch, marked the time. "Now," said he, **he has turned 
 the first corner; now he has reached the shop; now he has 
 made the purchase ; now he is half-way back ; now he is at 
 the door." At that instant his step was heard in the pas- 
 sage ; he entered, delivered his purchase, saluted and retired. 
 The Turkish ofhcer, with the utmost coolness, declared that 
 that was very well, but his orderly would do just the same. 
 So he summoned Mustapha, and gave him a similar com- 
 mission. Mustapha disappeared. Looking at his watch, 
 the Turk marked the time, saying: "Now he is half-way 
 there ; now he has made the purchase ; now he turns the 
 corner; now he is at the door;" and, sure enough, his step 
 was heard in the passage. "Mustapha," said the Turk, 
 "have you fulfilled my orders?" "Most worshipful master." 
 answered Mustapha, "I have not yet found my shoes !" 
 Now the reason why the Russian soldier was ready and on 
 time, was that he had been trained to be ready; and the 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 161 
 
 reason why Mustapha couldn't find his shoes, was that he 
 had been allowed to go in that slip-shod, shambling way. 
 
 Hiram students twenty years ago had in a wonderful 
 degree the ideal of the man always ready, semper paratus. 
 The whole school v»/as like a well-drilled army, ready at the 
 word "forward!" It is impossible to calculate the worth 
 of that discipline. 
 
 The last of all the ideals given us at Hiram which I 
 shall name to-day, was that of the man who zvins by work, 
 not by genius, nor by luck, and therefore always wins. 
 
 There is a class of men in the world of whom Dickens 
 has given us the type in his immortal character of Micaw- 
 ber. They are not destitute of natural ability. They are 
 capable of forming large plans and cherishing great expec- 
 tations. But they are worshipers of the goddess Luck. 
 They are "waiting for something to turn up." And they 
 are expecting something every day. They are always ex- 
 pecting something ; and their hopefulness is unfailing. Dis- 
 appointment never damps their ardor nor changes their 
 plan. Luck failed them yesterday. Luck has brought them 
 nothing to-day. "But something will turn up by to-morrow." 
 Such men never do anything. They are simply waiting for 
 something to happen. These worshipers of Luck, these 
 Micawbers, were not all of them born Micawbers. Many 
 of them were made such by some extraordinary misfortune 
 of that kind which people call a stroke of good luck — a 
 windfall. One of them once made fifty thousand in real 
 estate in a few days (and lost it all in a good deal less 
 time) ; another "struck ile," and was for a few days one of 
 the nabobs ; a third made ten thousand in one day in Wall 
 street, (and of course lost it all the next day, and has since 
 lost as much more as he could borrow). And all these men 
 have been completely ruined by the one piece of good luck. 
 They think, and plan and dream of nothing but that stroke 
 of luck and how to make another. They have been so daz- 
 zled and bewildered by finding that one nugget of gold, that 
 they just wander round and round the spot in hopes of 
 finding: the mate to it. The world is full of Micawbers 
 waiting for something to turn up. 
 
 It would be unsafe to sav that there are no Micawbers 
 
ID2 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 among the old students of Hiram; but it is not unsafe to 
 say that Hiram never furnished one as the natural product 
 of her soil. Her climate has never been favorable to such 
 growths. In opposition to all the plans and ways of all the 
 Micavs^bers, Hiram has always believed in work — in straight- 
 forward, unyielding work, as the key which opens every 
 lock, as the "Open, Sesame," for every door. 
 
 There is another class of men, very numerous in the 
 world, which Hiram has never sought to encourage. I mean 
 now the geniuses, the semi-geniuses, the imitation geniuses, 
 and the would-be geniuses. The characteristic of this class 
 is that they do nothing by any set, definite or regular effort ; 
 but they do great things (or at least they intend to, such is 
 the theory), "when the inspiration comes," v/hen they are 
 in the mood for it, when they have "a happy thought" or a 
 "favored hour." I believe most profoundly in these inspira- 
 tions — these moods, and these favored hours ; but the inspi- 
 ration is to be found by faithful seeking; the mood is to be 
 secured by patient application ; and the favored hour is like 
 the favored hour of the mother bird, when long brooding 
 is rewarded by the stir and sound of life. These would-be 
 geniuses, of course, have no mental drill. To seek anything 
 like discipline would be to abandon the theory. The imme- 
 diate practical effect of adopting the genius notion, is to 
 release all the mental powers from the control of the will. 
 They become at once like an army with no discipline. Now 
 Carlyle says: "Every man is as lazy as he dares to be." 
 But the would-be genius is, by his theory, invited and en- 
 couraged to be lazy. And then, it will be found practically, 
 that the more we wait for moods, the less the moods wil^ 
 come; and, on the other hand, the more we labor without 
 the inspiration, the more surely will the inspiration be given. 
 
 Hiram has always held before her children the ideal of 
 the man who wins his success by heroic work, and not by 
 genius nor by luck. I am not able, in all cases, to say from 
 which one of our teachers each lesson came. I do not, in 
 every case, remember what teacher most emphasized or first 
 emphasized in our hearing, a given lesson. I know that for 
 some lessons we are chiefly indebted to him whom we may 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1 863- 1 867. 1 63 
 
 well call the father of this institution, its first President, A. 
 S. Hayden. 
 
 I know that we are indebted for many lessons of in- 
 struction to that teacher of rare power, that woman of rare 
 breadth of mind. Miss Almeda A. Booth. And I know, too, 
 that to many other teachers whom I cannot name, our debt 
 is great. 
 
 One lesson, one ideal, the last which I have named, that 
 of the man who wins by work, and therefore always wins, 
 that one lesson (at least), I am able to trace directly to Mr. 
 Garfield. I shall never forget one powerful address which 
 he gave to a large body of young men preparing for the 
 ministry. I preserve for you one grand sentence. "Gen- 
 tlemen," said he, "I can express my creed of life in one 
 word: / believe in work! I believe in work. In Dickens' 
 Great Expectations, Joe Gargery, the big burly blacksmith, 
 meekly submits to be bulldozed by his small but terrific wife, 
 of whom nevertheless he is very proud. So he tells Pip at 
 one time, as you remember, "She is a fine figure of a woman, 
 Pip, a fine — ^figure — of — a, — woman ;"***** l^ii^ when 
 she — gets — on — the ^am — page, Pip, candour compels fur 
 to admit that she — is — a — Buster ! !" Dickens says that Joe 
 spoke that last word "as if it began with at least twelve cap- 
 ital B's." If you wish to know the full force of that sen- 
 tence about the creed of work, as Mr. Garfield uttered it, 
 and as his own life habits have enforced it, write 
 it with at least twelve capital W's ! To say that we 
 thank him for the lesson, that we thank him for all his les- 
 sons, that we love him because we owe to him the best half 
 of all we are, is saying less than the truth, and less than 
 our hearts have always said. 
 
 Dear old schoolmates of the days long since passed ! 1 
 have sought thus to gather up a handful only of the pearls, 
 pearls of greatest price, which were poured out before us 
 here in such glittering abundance in those golden days. The 
 world may have found us rich or poor in mental or moral 
 worth, but be that as it may, it is certain that our teachers, 
 out of full treasure houses, brought forth treasures to en- 
 rich us, without measure; yes, without money and without 
 price. 
 
Number and 
 
 164 ■ HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 During the seventeen years of the Eclectic Institute 29 
 persons were chosen on its Board of Trustees : Carnot Ma- 
 son, Symonds Ryder, Isaac Errett, Wil- 
 liam Hayden, Zeb Rudolph, Frederick 
 Tr^tlel Williams, Aaron Davis, J. H. Jones, J. A. 
 
 Ford, William Richards, George King, A. 
 L. Soule, Alvah Udall, Dr. M. Jewett, Alva Humiston, Har- 
 mon Austin, W. J. Ford, A. S. Hayden, Thomas Carroll, 
 Hartwell Ryder, J. P. Robison, R. M. Bishop, D. W. Can- 
 field, W. W. Richards, A. B. Way, C. B. Lockwood, J. H. 
 Rhodes, A. Teachout, and James A. Garfield. Of these C. 
 B. Lockwood, A. Teachout, and W. J. Ford are members of 
 the Board of 1900. 
 
 Outside of the Faculty 17 different persons were chosen 
 
 to act as Solicitors or Financial Agents for the Institute: 
 
 William Hayden, Horace Dutchin, Calvin Smith, J. H. 
 
 Jones, Aaron Davis, Deacon Chapin, S. 
 
 Solicitors j^ Willard, Symonds Ryder, Charles 
 
 _ °^.^ f Brown, J. A. Ford, A. B. Green, Freder- 
 
 Institute. ' -^ ' ' 
 
 ick Williams, W. A. Belding, Brown Pen- 
 
 niman, W. J. Ford, John Encell, and B. F. Waters. All of 
 these were duly authorized to raise funds for the Institute. 
 All had some success but the largest returns came from the 
 labors of William Hayden, Aaron Davis, Dr. W. A. Beld- 
 ing and Wallace J. Ford. 
 
 For 17 years only two persons were 
 
 Presidents elected to preside over the Board of Trus- 
 
 cf the tees. These were Carnot Mason and 
 
 Board. Alvah Udall. Mr. Mason was President 
 
 for 16 years. 
 
 Secretaries ^^- L- W. Trask was Secretary of the 
 
 of the Board of Trustees for 15 years, and was 
 
 Board. succeeded by Dr. A. J. Squire, who served 
 
 the remainder of the Eclectic period, and 
 
 for many years afterwards for the College Board. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 165 
 
 Symonds Ryder held the office of 
 Treasurers of Treasurer for 1 1 years, and was succeed- 
 the Board. ed by Zeb Rudolph who held the place 
 
 until 1868. 
 
 Including A. S. Hayden who held the 
 position for seven years the following per- 
 Frmcipals g^^^g ^^^^^ elected Principal of the Eclectic 
 
 Eclecdi Institute. Institute: A. S. Hayden, James A. Gar- 
 field, H. W. Everest, C. W. Heywood, 
 A. J. Thomson, and John M. Atwater. 
 Within the 17 years of the Eclectic Institute — 58 dif- 
 ferent persons occupied either principal or subordinate places 
 as teachers in the Institution : A. S. Hayden, Thomas Mun- 
 nell, Norman Dunshee, Charles D. Wil- 
 ber, Almeda A, Booth, Phoebe M. Drake 
 Laura A. Clark, Calista O. Carlton 
 Sarah Parker, Amaziah Hull, James A 
 Garfield, Harriet E. Wood, Harriet Warren, S. L. Hillier, J 
 B. Crane, Mrs. Charlotte R. Crane, Sarah Udall, Julia J 
 Smith, J. H. Rhodes,* G. C. Reed, Hannah S. Morton, Jen- 
 
 Teachers 
 
 of the 
 
 Eclectic Institute. 
 
 * The reason Mr. Rhodes gave for going to Hiram is interesting. 
 In his address before the Hiram College Reunion, June 11, 1880, he 
 said : 
 
 This Institution, located here in the heart of Yankeedom, thirty- 
 years ago and more, was brought to my attention by chance, or mere 
 accident — the simple circumstance that I happened to sleep with a 
 preacher one night. That night as I wished to sleep he wanted to 
 know what I had been doing. I said I had been teaching school that 
 winter. He said, "You had better go to Hiram," I said, "Where's 
 Hiram?" He said, "Here on the Western Reserve." Well, I con- 
 cluded I would go to Hiram on the recommendation of B. F. Perkey. 
 I came to Ravenna by cars, and through seventeen miles of mud, in 
 March, 1853, landing at the hotel, at that time under the hill. 
 
 In the morning I rose up and went to the College grounds, ex- 
 pecting to see, even on that wintry morning, ladies and gentlemen 
 parading round the fountain that I had seen pictured. I went there 
 and saw the gentleman whose silvery hair (alluding to the Rev. Mr. 
 Hayden) was as white then as now. 
 
 To his cordial grace and kindness in welcoming me to Hiram I 
 
1 66 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 nie A. Chapin, Piatt R. Spencer, J. W. Lusk, H. W. Ever- 
 est, Mary Atwater, Sarah L. Spencer, H. C. Spencer, H. A. 
 Spencer, L. P. Spencer, John M. Atwater, W. C. Webster, 
 Hiram S. Chamberlain, Burke Aaron Hinsdale,* F. A. Wil- 
 liams, Julia A. Wilson, T. E. Suliot, J. C. Cannon, Nellie 
 Rudolph, C. W. Heywood, William Lowe, L. G. Felch, 
 Mary Buckingham, Mary E. Moore, Statira M. Newcomb, 
 A. J. Thomson, H. A. Coffeen, H. C. Mitchell, Julia B. 
 Treat, Jasper S. Ross, Osmer C. Hill, Sarah A. Bartlett, 
 Julia E. Pardee, Tillie Newcomb, W. H. Rogers, Bailey S. 
 Dean, Grove E. Barber, and Clayton C. Smith. 
 
 The students of Hiram have always been an important 
 
 factor in its progress and success ; indeed, there could not be 
 
 a school without students. Students are the life of a school. 
 
 In general Hiram students have always 
 
 The Students ^^^^ q£ ^ j^-^^ grade. This is especially 
 
 g J . T *-4. » true of the Eclectic period. Coming as 
 
 they did mostly from country homes and 
 
 from families in moderate circumstances, with their main 
 
 think is largely due the fact that I remained as long as I did. I re- 
 member him kindly. Most of the places were then filled, and he sent 
 me to board with a Mr. Packer, in the village here. It has always 
 been a conundrum to me how Mr. Packer could board me for $1.25 
 a week, and have my washing and mending done. 
 
 I remember a circumstance that had much to do with my remain- 
 ing at Hiram. I was a little homesick, and one day I went into the 
 large hall of the College building, and the tall, muscular, tow-headed 
 man in charge there, who was teaching Algebra, came up to me, and, 
 seeing a cloud over my face, threw his arms about me in an ardent 
 way. Immediately the homesickness disappeared. The tow-headed 
 man (General G.) has not so much hair to-day as he had then. Hard 
 knocks in public life have uprooted much of his hair. As we are not 
 permitted to refer to politics, I cannot refer to him any more, as most 
 of his life has been political. 
 
 * As I was writing these names the news came to me that B. A. 
 Hinsdale died at Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 29, 1900, one week later in the 
 same month than he entered Hiram as a student 47 years ago. 
 
 — F. M. Green, 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 167 
 
 purpose to get as much out of the school as they could, 
 it is not strange that they should manifest a high character 
 and deportment. Among its thousands of students there 
 were only a few who proved unworthy representatives of 
 their families or the school. Counting up the footings in 
 the annual catalogues, in the 17 years of the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute there were 6,518 students of which 3,689 were males 
 and 2,829 were females. This aggregate represents about 
 4,000 different students. These students were widely dis- 
 tributed, showing that as an Academy of high grade Hiram 
 was not a provincial school. They came from Wisconsin, 
 Canada, New York, Illinois, England, Michigan, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Indiana, Iowa, Virginia, Vermont, Kentucky, Minne- 
 sota, Massachusetts, California, Louisiana, Germany, Ne- 
 braska, Maine, Missouri, Texas, and, of course, the largest 
 number from Ohio, Northeastern Ohio furnishing the most 
 impressive number. 
 
 It has been observed that "every good school has a spirit; 
 and the spirit of one good school is very much like the spirit 
 of another good school." Every school has some character- 
 istic, distinctive and peculiar if not re- 
 g .^. markable. It may be that its administra- 
 
 tion is of a superior and brilliant sort as, 
 for instance, in the case of Williams College and Mark 
 Hopkins ; it may be that some teacher has shown unusual 
 and prodigious power and skill in the classroom and im- 
 pressed on all his wonderful personality; it may be that the 
 pupils have illustrated in a large degree, the best features 
 of student life, and have thus given to the School a spirit 
 strongly marked and easily seen. This "spirit" is not bad 
 unless it becomes extravagant, and it can do a school much 
 good. During the days of the Eclectic Institute there was 
 a "Hiram spirit" that never went down. Its sources were 
 from the several springs just mentioned: The administra- 
 
1 68 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. ' 
 
 tion was attractive and controlling; some of its teachers 
 were of the first rank ; and the character of its student body 
 was more than usually homogeneous. In Mr. Hinsdale's 
 address at the "Jubilee of Hiram College" June 22, 1900, 
 and one of the very last addresses he ever delivered, speak- 
 ing of ''the spirit of schools" and of the ''Hiram spirit," he 
 said : "It is a kind of poetry that covers the hard, bare, bleak 
 realism of life until the students become sufficiently mature 
 to grapple with those realities. Do not understand me to 
 mean that the Hiram spirit is simply the conceit of youth. 
 Our dear friend Everest, replying to the question, once told 
 me that there was a distinctive Hiram spirit, stating that the 
 directness, clearness of head, and earnestness of purpose 
 which marked the Disciple movement in its early days 
 flowed into the School and gave it character, not merely in 
 religion, but in other things as well. This may well have 
 been so. At all events, I have thought, and still think, that 
 Hiram students as a body have been an earnest, thorough- 
 going, and effective group of men and women. If the old 
 School has never sent out from its halls eminent scholars, 
 great thinkers or distinguished men of letters, it has cer- 
 tainly sent out thousands of young men and women well- 
 equipped in mind and character to do worthily their work 
 in the world. The best thing that Garfield ever did for, 
 Hiram students was to teach them to put away cant and 
 other forms of insincerity, to cultivate truth and reality, to 
 be themselves, to be strong, and to quit them like men. It 
 was a great lesson. It still lives in Hiram College." 
 
 In the selection of its Board of Trustees, Hiram has 
 
 always been fortunate. None have accepted a place in that 
 
 important and honorable body, except those who sincerely 
 
 desired the success of the Institution ; and 
 
 Unity of ^^^ meetings of the Board throughout 
 
 ction. ^^^ Eclectic period were characterized by 
 
 frank and strong discussion and investigation, and, in the 
 
BOWLER HALL: Erected in 1880. 
 
 MILLER HALL: Erected in 1889. 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 169 
 
 end, by unity of action. This condition of mind and heart 
 on the part of those who were chosen to guide the interests 
 of the School had much to do in its progress and prosperity. 
 But the days of the Eclectic Institute were drawing 
 towards the close. Some of its best friends had fondly an- 
 ticipated the day when the School should reach the stature 
 of a College. Not many at the beginning 
 Closing Dajs looked SO far ahead as this, but some did ; 
 of the and the Trustees and friends of the West- 
 
 Eclectic Institute, ern Reserve Eclectic Institute finally an- 
 nounced that they had "determined to put 
 in execution the long cherished purpose of making the 
 Eclectic Institute a first class educational institution, with 
 power of conferring degrees. The subject having been held 
 under advisement, action was taken at the meeting of the 
 Board, on the 20th day of February, 1867, to carry into ef- 
 fect this purpose. The style and title of Hiram College 
 was adopted. This movement having been endorsed by a 
 large convention of the friends of the Institution, held at 
 Hiram on the 12th of June, the College will go into full op- 
 eration at the opening of the school year, Tuesday, August 
 13, 1867." Nothing remained now except to close the doors 
 of one school and open the doors of another. 
 
 The Commencement programme for 
 The Last June 13, 1867, has a historic interest for 
 
 Commencement. it marks the line between the Academy 
 and the College, and it is given here : 
 
 fforenoon. 
 
 PRAYER 
 
 MUSIC MUSIC 
 
 GERMAN SALUTATORY 
 
 Alice Squirx, Bridge Creek. 
 ESSAY, - - - . . Under the Juggernaut 
 
 Cklia Bidlake, Mantua 
 ORATION, -.--__ Bismarck 
 
 T. A. Sxow, Auburn 
 
 MUSIC— AWAY, AWAY 
 
 ORATION, - . - - - . How Soon? 
 
170 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 J. M. Monroe, Mogadore 
 ORATION, _ . - - . Westward Ho! 
 
 J. B. Johnson, Middlefield 
 ESSAY, .... When my Ship Comes in 
 
 Helen Kent, Aurora 
 
 MUSIC — BY THE BAND 
 
 DISCUSSION, - Should Polygamy be Suppressed by Force? 
 
 Aff. — A. A. Amidon, Geneva 
 Neg. — E. A. Pardee, Hiram 
 
 MUSIC — BY THE BAND 
 
 ESSAYS, - - - - Election Day, A. D,, 1900 
 
 Mattie Moore, Parkman 
 EsTELLA Udall, Hiram 
 
 THE ECLECTIC MISCELLANY 
 
 EDITORS 
 
 H. N, Mertz, Bellair Ida M. Slocum, Pit Hole City, Pa. 
 
 MUSIC — TO-DAY 
 
 ORATION, - Hearken to me; I, also, will show mine Opinion 
 
 D. C. Collins, Nicholasvilley Ky. 
 ORATION, - - The Whirligig of Time and its Revenges 
 
 S. E, Young, Hiram 
 
 MUSIC — ALL BY THE SHADY GREENWOOD TREE 
 
 Btternoon, 
 
 MUSIC — LASHED TO THE MAST 
 
 ORATION, ..... Mathematics 
 
 C. H. Leonard, Chagrin Palls 
 ESSAY, .... Shall a Woman read Greek? 
 
 Blanche Slocum, Pit Hole City, Pa. 
 ESSAY, -..--. John Chinaman 
 
 Alice Amidon, Geneva 
 ORATION, ...... Obscurity 
 
 B. E. Wakefield, Greenshiirg 
 
 music — THE OLD MOUNTAIN TREE 
 
 COLLOQJJIAL DISCUSSION, .... 
 
 Has Secretary Seward Bought an Elephant? 
 E. S. Hart, Hiram O. C. Hubbell, Bedford 
 
 music BY the BAND 
 
 ESSAY, .... Esogens or Endogens 
 
 Orissa Udall, Hiram 
 
 VALEDICTORY, .... End of Vol. I 
 
 B. S. Dean, Center, Wis. 
 
 music — the old eclectic bell 
 
 After the Commencement Exercises, the address before the College 
 Societies will be delivered by 
 
 GENERAL J. A. GARFIELD 
 
 music — old EASTER ANTHEM 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 171 
 
 Of the names of those who appear on the programme 
 some are dead, some are in the far West, some in the kitchen 
 or among the "household gods," some are lawyers, some 
 are preachers, and two, E. B. Wakefield and Bailey S. Dean, 
 are able and honorable Professors in the Faculty for 1900. 
 One of these out of the ''Obscurity'' of the occasion, has 
 risen to a high place as preacher and educator; the other 
 closed for the students Vol I. of the School on Hiram Hill. 
 
 It was fitting that Mr. Garfield, the student, the teacher, 
 and the Principal, should make the last address for the "Old 
 Eclectic" and the first for Pliram College. March 4, 1881, 
 from the East portico of the Capitol at Washington, in his 
 Inaugural address as President of the United States, Mr. 
 Garfield said : "We stand to-day on an eminence which over- 
 looks a hundred years of national life — a century crowded 
 with perils, but crowned with the triumphs of liberty and 
 law. Before continuing the onward march, let us pause on 
 this height, for a moment, to strengthen our faith and to 
 renew our hope by a glance at the pathway along which our 
 people have travelled." The great statesman then proceed- 
 ed to reveal the pathway over which the Nation had trav- 
 elled to reach the heights of a century of progress. When 
 this was done he looked towards the future and forecasted 
 its progress, the expansion of its influence, and the enlarge- 
 ment of its empire. 
 
 In much the same way did he make his appeal to the 
 young people of Hiram in his address before the Literary 
 Societies of the Eclectic Institute on this notable Commence- 
 ment Day, In part he said: "In ordinary times, we could 
 scarcely find two subjects wider apart than the meditations 
 of a school-boy, when he asks v/hat he shall do w4th him- 
 self, and how he shalJ do it, and the forecastings of a great 
 nation, when it studies the laws of its own life, and endeav- 
 ors to solve the problem of its destiny. But now there is 
 more than a resemblance between the nation's work and 
 
172 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 yours. If the two are not identical, they at least bear the 
 relation of the whole to the part. The nation having passed 
 through the childhood of its history, and being about to enter 
 upon a new life, based on a fuller recognition of the rights 
 of manhood, has discovered that liberty can be safe only 
 when the suffrage is illuminated by education. It has now 
 perceived that the life and light of a nation are inseparable. 
 Hence the Federal government has established a National 
 Department of Education, for the purpose of teaching 
 young men and women how to be good citizens. You, 
 young gentlemen, have passed the limits of childhood, and 
 being about to enter the larger world of manhood, with its 
 manifold struggles and aspirations, are now confronted 
 with the question, 'What must I do to fit myself most com- 
 pletely, not for being a citizen merely, but for being "all 
 that doth becom.e a man," living in the full light of the 
 Christian civilization of America ?' Your disenthralled and 
 victorious country asks you to be educated for her sake, and 
 the noblest aspirations of your being still more imperatively 
 ask it for your own sake. 
 
 In general it may be said that the purpose of all study 
 is two-fold, — to discipline our faculties, and to acquire 
 knowledge for the duties of life. It is happily provided in 
 the constitution of the human mind, that the labor by which 
 knowledge is acquired is the only means of disciplining the 
 powers. It may be stated as a general rule, that if we 
 compel ourselves to learn what we ought to know, and use 
 it when learned, our discipline will take care of itself. 
 
 The student should study himself, his relations to so- 
 ciety, to nature, and to art; and above all, and through all 
 these, he should study the relations of himself, society, na- 
 ture, and art, to God, the Author of them all. 
 
 Of course it is not possible, nor is it desirable, to con- 
 fine the course of development exclusively to this order ; for 
 
ITS LATER LIFE AND CLOSE, 1863-1867. 173 
 
 Truth is so related and correlated, that no department of 
 her realm is wholly isolated. We cannot learn much that 
 pertains to the industry of society, without learning some- 
 thing of the material world and the laws which govern it. 
 We cannot study nature profoundly without bringing our- 
 selves into communion with the spirit of art, which per- 
 vades and fills the universe. 
 
 While acquiring this kind of knowledge, the student is 
 on a perpetual voyage of discovery, — searching what he is, 
 and what he may become ; how he is related to the universe, 
 and how the harmonies of the outer world respond to the 
 voice within him. It is in this range of study that he 
 learns most fully his own tastes and aptitudes — and gen- 
 erally determines what his life shall be.'' 
 
 In the conclusion of his speech Mr. Garfield said: "I 
 beseech you to remember that the genius of success is still 
 the genius of labor. If hard work is not another name for 
 talent, it is the best possible substitute for it. In the long 
 run the chief difference in men will be found in the amount 
 of work they do. Do not trust to what lazy men call the 
 spur of the occasion. If you wish to wear spurs in the 
 tournament of life, you must buckle them to your own heels 
 before you enter the lists. Men look with admiring wonder 
 on a great intellectual effort, like Webster's reply to Hayne, 
 and seem to think that it leaped into life by the inspiration 
 of the moment. But if by some intellectual chemistry \vq 
 could resolve that masterful speech into its several ele- 
 ments of power, and trace each to its source, we should find 
 that every constituent force had been elaborated twenty 
 yecirs before, — it may be, in some hour of earnest intellect- 
 ual labor. Occasion may be the bugle-call that summons 
 an army to battle ; but the blast of a bugle cannot ever make 
 soldiers, or win victories. 
 
 And finally, young gentlemen, learn to cultivate a wise 
 
1 74 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 reliance, based not on what you hope, but on what you per- 
 form. It has long been the habit of this Institution, if I 
 may so speak, to throw young men overboard, and let them 
 sink or swim. None have yet drowned who were worth the 
 saving. I hope the practice will be continued, and that you 
 will not rely on outside help for growth or success. Give 
 crutches to cripples ; but go you forth with brave true hearts, 
 knowing that fortune dwells in your brain and muscle, and 
 that labor is the only human symbol of Omnipotence."* 
 
 The days of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute 
 were now closed. From a small beginning the Institution 
 
 had grown in power and influence, until 
 
 The Close ^^ commanded the respect of all who had 
 
 of the touched its horizon, and the admiration 
 
 Eclectic Institute, and assistance of many. It had broken 
 
 the bands with which its early nurses had 
 enswathed it; it had outgrown the garments of its child- 
 hood; it had come to be known as a stalwart and supple- 
 sinewed representative of its class among educational insti- 
 tutions; and by the very force of the conditions that sur- 
 rounded it, it became necessary to enlarge its borders, to 
 advance its standard, and to seek to win a place among 
 higher institutions of learning, and an honorable seat in the 
 Parliament of Colleges. 
 
 ^President Garfield and Education, pp. 277-313. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 Hiram College — The Initial Years of the College. 
 
 1867— 1870. 
 
 Hiram College began its work August 13, 1867; and 
 
 while the name and rank of the Institution were changed 
 
 this did not essentially change its aims and spirit. The 
 
 work formerly done went on all the same. 
 
 The Beginning ^ College had simply been added to an 
 of 
 
 „. ^ J, academical and preparatory school. Act- 
 
 ing under the statute of April 8, 1856, 
 which empowers seminaries of learning incorporated by gen- 
 eral law or special Act to change their name and become 
 colleges, and after such change to confer the usual college 
 degrees the Board of Trustees, February 20, 1867, changed 
 the name of the Eclectic Institute, and clothed it with col- 
 legiate powers and responsibilities. June 19, 1872, the 
 Board, in pursuance of the statute for such cases made and 
 provided increased the number of Trustees from twelve, 
 the original number, to twenty-four. With these excep- 
 tions the original Act of Incorporation has not been changed. 
 The action of the Trustees by which the Eclectic Institute 
 was made a college was endorsed by a convention of the 
 friends of the Institute held in Hiram, June 12, 1867. 
 
 The humble origin, the feeble beginning, and the un- 
 even steps in the progress of Hiram College are not unlike 
 those of other colleges. In some respects Hiram had a 
 
176 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 more promising beginning than many 
 
 Hiram and Others. A few facts in regard to other 
 
 Other Colleges. institutions of learning in Ohio will not 
 
 be uninteresting here. When "Ohio Uni- 
 versity" opened its doors as a college June i, 1809, "but 
 three students reported for duty, and none of these remained 
 long enough to graduate." The first Faculty of "Miami 
 University," in 1824, consisted of three members. For fifty 
 years Oberlin College "owed its life to the sacrifice and de- 
 votion of its founders and instructors" and its benefactors 
 were people of small means who "periodically contributed 
 small sums from, scanty earnings." At the outset "the only 
 resources of the Ohio Wesleyan University were the con- 
 tributions of friends, and for some time these were wholly 
 absorbed by the current expenses and other indebtedness." 
 Kenyon College was located "amid well-nigh untrodden for- 
 ests, and involved large outlays of labor and heavy sacri- 
 fices." Marietta College began as "the Institute of Educa- 
 tion ;" then it appears as the "Marietta Collegiate Institute," 
 and "Western Teachers' Seminary," and finally "Marietta 
 College." Its first effort to raise funds for an endowment 
 was made in 1833, "when something more than eight thous- 
 and dollars was raised of which the seven trustees gave one 
 half." Western Reserve College, now Adelbert College of 
 Western Reserve University, was opened for students in 
 the fall of 1826 and "only twenty-three students were en- 
 rolled in the college during the year i827-'28, sophomores, 
 freshmen, preparatory and special ; and the instructional 
 force consisted of one tutor." The financial difiiculties of 
 Antioch College which had the distinguished Horace Mann 
 for its first President, began early in the history of the Col- 
 lege. Denison University began its work in a Baptist meet- 
 ing house, in Granville, December 13, 1831, with one teach- 
 er ; and "for thirty-six years had no productive endowment. 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 1 77 
 
 and its financial crises were many and severe." Mount 
 Union College was first organized as a small seminary in 
 1846, with only six students. It is well for the friends of 
 Hiram College to know these facts, for though it has had 
 its days of "gloom and thick darkness," other institutions 
 with which it has been an honorable competitor have had 
 like experiences. 
 
 "The Association of Ohio Colleges" like all valuable 
 institutions is an evolution or growth. At a meeting of the 
 Ohio Teachers' Association prior to 1867 a committee was 
 appointed to prepare a plan of organiza- 
 Hiram College ^ion of the colleges of the State; and at 
 a Member a meeting of college officers- held at 
 
 of the Association Springfield, Ohio, July 2, 1867, the com. 
 of Ohio Colleges, mittee which had been previously appoint- 
 ed made a report on organization — which 
 was discussed and adopted. This report was substantially 
 the present constitution of the Association. Its purpose 
 was stated as follows : "The object of this association shall 
 be an interchange of opinions among those engaged in the 
 higher departments of instruction, and the adoption of such 
 common rules as may seem fitted to promote efficient and 
 harmonious working." In 1875 a committee of five was 
 appointed from Western Reserve, Denison, Ohio Wesleyan, 
 Kenyon and Oberlin colleges "to fix some standard to which 
 a college must conform in order to be received into its mem- 
 bership." This committee reported to the meeting at Cin- 
 cinnati in 1876, "that it is the judgment of this committee 
 that colleges holding or claiming membership in the Asso- 
 ciation should be able to fulfill three conditions: 
 
 (i) — There should be the four regular college classes 
 in full operation. 
 
 (2) — The college course should comprise four years 
 of college work with fifteen recitations per week. 
 
178 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 (3) — The minimum of requirements for admission to 
 the freshman class should be, besides the common English 
 branches, from two to three years of Latin study with daily 
 recitations, tv/o years of Greek with daily recitations, and 
 algebra to quadratic equations." This report after full dis- 
 cussion was adopted with slight amendments ; and a com- 
 mittee of five was constituted of representatives from West- 
 ern Reserve, Kenyon, Oberlin, Antioch and Ohio Wesleyan 
 University, "to ascertain what colleges come within the con- 
 ditions of the resolution adopted in 1877 upon the subject 
 of membership in the Association." This committee re- 
 ported at the meeting in Oberlin in 1878, and named fifteen 
 institutions in the order of the date of their charters, and 
 whose "right to the title was, in their judgment, not to be 
 questioned." The fifteen institutions were as follows : 
 Ohio University, 1804; Kenyon, 1824; Western Reserve, 
 1826; Denison University, 183 1 ; Oberlin, 1834; Marietta, 
 1835 ; Ohio Wesleyan University, 1842 ; St. Xavier's, 1842 ; 
 Otterbein, 1847; Antioch College, 1852; Baldwin Univer- 
 sity, 1856; Hiram College, 1867; University of Wooster, 
 1870; University of Cincinnati, 1870; Ohio State Univer- 
 sity, 1870. This report was adopted, and these institutions 
 were thus made to constitute the Association of Ohio Col- 
 leges. 
 
 The aim of the College was declared, in the announce- 
 ment made in 1867, to be, "to furnish a course of training 
 as thorough as any in the country ; and while it will bestow 
 careful attention upon the classical lan- 
 
 The Aim guages, it will aim to give a fuller course 
 
 ^ ,, than is common, in those branches which 
 
 Hiram College. ' . , „ t 1 • 1 
 
 are m.odern and national. in a liign . 
 
 degree this last clause describes a distinctive feature of the ' 
 College. More than ordinary attention is paid to Histor- 
 ical and Political studies, particularly to those that bear upon 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 1 79 
 
 the duties and rights of the American citizen. Hiram was 
 never intended to be a school of special training, and it has 
 never been a Biblical or Theological Seminary. The Bible 
 is used daily in general service or classroom study, and 
 special instruction in Biblical studies has always been fur- 
 nished to those desiring it. The agencies employed are text- 
 book instruction, chapel lectures, and special courses of lec- 
 tures delivered by members of the Faculty or by lecturers 
 called in from abroad. It has sought to prepare young men 
 for the ministry by providing them with general culture sup- 
 plemented by short courses of lectures and special studies. 
 Of course, these students have been taught the leading 
 tenets and peculiarities of the Disciples of Christ; but all 
 attempts to exercise over the body of the students a peculiar 
 denominational influence have been carefully avoided. 
 
 The original charter which has never been changed in 
 this particular, defines the object of the corporation to be, 
 "the instruction of youth of both sexes in the various 
 branches of literature and science, es- 
 Co-education pecially of moral science, as based on the 
 of the Sexes. facts and precepts of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures." In Hiram the experiment of co- 
 education has been successful, though, as a rule, ladies have 
 generally chosen one of the shorter courses of study. Like 
 Oberlin, Hiram has found the results and lessons of its 
 experience in the practice of co-education to be : 
 
 ''First, economy of means and forces, a very evident 
 advantage. 
 
 Second, convenience to the patrons of the school, since 
 very many cases are observed where brothers and sisters 
 are attending college together to the advantage of both. 
 
 Third, wholesome incitements to study. 
 
 Fourth, social culture, which influences powerfully the 
 
l8o HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 manners, feelings and thoughts of both sexes during that 
 period when character is being specially moulded. 
 
 Fifth, absence of rowdyism, hazing, and many other 
 disorders. 
 
 Sixth, in the relation of the school to the community, 
 a cordial feeling of good will, and the absence of that antag- 
 onism between town and college which is often met with.'' 
 
 Without doubt, there are disadvantages connected with 
 the practice but these are clearly outweighed by the advan- 
 tages. 
 
 The first Faculty of Hiram College consisted of Dr, 
 Silas E. Shepard, President, and Professor of Moral Sci~ 
 ence and Literature, Logic and Rhetoric ; John M. Atwater, 
 Professor of Latin and Greek; Asa M. 
 The First Faculty Weston, Professor of Mathematics and 
 of the College. Modern Languages ; Osmer C. Hill, Pro- 
 fessor in the Commercial and Chirog- 
 raphic Department; Miss Lottie M. Sackett, Principal of 
 the Ladies' Department ; Miss Julia E. Pardee, Instructor in 
 Mathematics;''' Miss Tillie Newcomb, Teacher of Instru- 
 mental Music; Miss Emma L. Johnson, Teacher of Land- 
 scape Painting and Drawing ; Eugene H. Plowe, Teacher of 
 Vocal Music; Edgar A. Pardee, Teacher in Greek; Henry 
 N. Mertz, Teacher in Latin ; and Grove E. Barber, Teacher 
 in English Branches. Thus equipped the new College be- 
 gan its work. Of those who formed the first Faculty only 
 Miss Johnson, now Mrs. B. S. Dean, is connected with the 
 College at this time. 
 
 *Juna Eunice Pardee was born at Wadsworth, O., December 11,, 
 1836. She taught school in Wadsworth, O., Corry, Pa., and Hiram. 
 She came to Hiram in 1866 as teacher of Mathematics and Philos- 
 ophy, and remained in the Faculty until her marriage to Prof. A. M. 
 Weston, July 7, 1868. She was a woman of excellent character and 
 superior intellect, and her class-room work strong and impressive. 
 She is yet living, a grandmother of children, in her pleasant home at 
 New Castle, Ind. 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 181 
 
 Dr. Silas E. Shepard was the first President of Hiram 
 
 College. When he entered on his duties he was sixty-six 
 
 years old. He was a man of strong physical constitution, 
 
 large brain, remarkably clear intellect, 
 
 „ ^ .J^ ^ and hig-h moral sentiments, a diligent stu- 
 
 President. *=» ' ° 
 
 dent, a close thmker, and a speaker of 
 much more than ordinary power. Religiously his first ex- 
 periences were among the Congregationalists. Afterwards 
 he united with the Baptists, and early in the history of the 
 Restoration of primitive Christianity as contended for by 
 Thomas and Alexander Campbell and others, he became 
 identified with the movement and gave to it the strength 
 of his life. As a preacher he was first known in Pennsyl- 
 vania where he was very successful, and the influence he es- 
 tablished in the early part of his career, remained unbroken 
 to the last. 
 
 New York was for many years the field of his labors. 
 In that state he published a religious magazine — 'The 
 Primitive Christian" — a keen and sprightly advocate of New 
 Testament Christianity. For several years he resided in the 
 city of New York where he preached, and labored in the 
 rooms of the American Bible Union as an assistant in the 
 work of revision, and publishing a magazine of critical char- 
 acter called "The Reviser." He spent a few years in travels 
 in foreign lands. When he came into Ohio he was for 
 several years preacher and teacher in Cincinnati and Cleve- 
 land. His studious habits were adhered to through his life, 
 so that his mind was fresh and vigorous to the last. 
 
 Socially he was one of the most companionable of men 
 -communicative, genial, witty, yet never disposed to mon- 
 opolize the conversation or to turn attention upon himself. 
 Never vainly ambitious but always modest in asserting his 
 [own claims, he did not grow sour over disappointments, 
 I but remained sweet in spirit and cheerful to the close of his 
 
1 83 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 life. He was also large-hearted, freely giving of his means 
 for every good work, and performing much labor without 
 regard to compensation. Of him Isaac Errett said : "It was 
 our privilege to know him intimately, and to be often asso- 
 ciated with him in public duties. We are able to say that 
 we never shared his society without being a gainer by it, 
 and that from first to last no cloud or shadow ever fell upon 
 our friendship to cast even a moment's gloom. We uni- 
 formly found him pure, unselfish, carefully considerate of 
 the rights of others, and supremely devoted to the truth. 
 His superior attainments gave him prominence over many 
 of his co-workers, yet we do not believe that one has ever 
 been found to complain of arbitrariness, assumption, or fail- 
 ure to recognize and honor the merits of his brethren." 
 
 D. P. Henderson, another life-long friend, has left the 
 following estimate of him on record: **He was one of the 
 most intelligent and amiable of men. His mind and heart 
 corresponded in their comparative greatness. No envy, no 
 jealousy occupied a place within him. His mind was clear, 
 analytical and full of intellectual power. He was meek and 
 condescending, and childlike simplicity characterized his in- 
 tercourse with his fellow-men. He was a critical scholar 
 in biblical literature, and one of the most courteous Chris- 
 tian gentlemen in debate. While he was firm and uncom- 
 promising in his views, yet he awarded to his opponent the 
 same right to think and express his sentiments as he claimed 
 for himself. He was refined in sentiment and courteous to 
 all men." 
 
 Professor B. S. Dean who was a student in Hiram dur- 
 mg the Presidency of Dr. Shepard, and conducted the ser- 
 vices at his burial ten years later in Troy, Pa., speaking 
 of his standing and influence at his home said: "I think 
 nowhere else was Dr. Shepard so grandly himself as right 
 here in Bradford County, the scene of his earliest advocacy 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1S67-187O. 183 
 
 of Primitive Christianity, the arena of his sternest conflicts, 
 grandest triumphs and most continuous service. For a 
 whole year I heard him at Hiram, O., ten years ago, but 
 never did I know the might of the man till I heard him here 
 among the people and the churches to whom he was, indeed, 
 a father. Among the last words that he uttered, he said to 
 his daughter, 'I want you to say good bye to my friends for 
 me, and tell them I should like to have seen them all.' His 
 was by no means a perfect character. But his very imper- 
 fections were born of those elements which gave him 
 strength and made him so grandly useful. At the age of 
 seventy-six his form was erect, his step elastic ; and of him 
 it might almost be said, 'His eye was not dim nor his natural 
 force abated.' Those who got nearest his heart knew it to 
 be young and sweet and tender, and happy are all our homes 
 which have been graced and gladdened by his presence." 
 
 Fifty-eight years of his seventy-six he spent in preach- 
 ing the gospel. He came to Hiram too late in his life and 
 with his habits too firmly fixed to make a successful admin- 
 istrator of college affairs. His mind and body had worked 
 too long on transcendent subjects for study, and themes for 
 speech to be brought down to the consideration of rules for 
 "the intercourse of the sexes," and how to avoid the ''clash- 
 ing of classes." He remained only one year in connection 
 with the College. Notwithstanding it was manifest that he 
 would not be able to guide the College interests to a suc- 
 cessful issue his resignation was accepted with great regret 
 by the Board of Trustees, and resolutions to that effect 
 were placed on record at the close of his service. Dr. Silas 
 E. Shepard was born in New Berlin, New York, in the year 
 1 80 1, and died at Troy, Pa., October 12, 1877, at the age of 
 76 years. 
 
 Asa M. Weston was born of Massachusetts stock Sep- 
 tember 24, 1836, in Cleveland, O., whither his father came 
 
184 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 in 1816, and was reared on a farm six miles east via. St. 
 
 Clair Street. He was prepared for Col- 
 ^ ' ' lege at Shaw Academy in the village of 
 
 Collamer. Three years of college life 
 was spent at Oberlin, O. In 1857 he finished his college 
 course and was graduated from Antioch College in the 
 classical department, in the first class of that institution, 
 the famous educator, Horace Mann, President, signing his 
 diploma. The course of study was especially thorough in 
 language, mathematics, history, and mental, moral, govern- 
 ment science, constitution, the latter under the personal tui- 
 tion of Mr. Mann. 
 
 After graduation he taught in Clinton County, Ohio. 
 For two or three years he was local editor of the "Cincin- 
 nati Daily Press," a flourishing daily paper. In 1862 he en- 
 listed as a private (August 11, 1862) in the 50th O. V. I. 
 Regiment and served till the close of the war. During his 
 army service he had almost uninterrupted good health, and 
 was successively promoted from private to Corporal, Ser- 
 geant-Major, and 2nd Lieutenant, and mustered out with 
 his Company June 26, 1865. For two years he was Super- 
 intendent of Public Schools and Principal of Jennings Acad- 
 emy at Vernon, Ind. In 1867 he came to Hiram and for 
 two years was Professor of Mathematics and Modern Lan- 
 guages, in the Faculties of Presidents Shepard and Atwater. 
 While at Hiram he was married to Miss Julia E. Pardee, 
 Teacher of Mathematics and Philosophy in the closing year 
 of the Eclectic Institute and the opening year of Hiram Col- 
 lege. After leaving Hiram he gave private school instruc- 
 tion for two years. He was then called to the chair of 
 Greek and Modern Languages in Eureka College, Eureka, 
 111., where he remained for more than six years. As teacher 
 at Eureka he followed H. O. Newcomb, an old student at 
 Hiram, and was associated in the Bible Department with H. 
 
COLLEGE Y. M. C. A. AND Y. W. C. A. BUILDING: Erected in 1895. 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-187O. 185 
 
 W. Everest at one time Principal of the Eclectic Institute. 
 Toward the close of his work at Eureka he was elected 
 President of the College in which position he served only a 
 brief period. On leaving Eureka his work as College Pro- 
 fessor closed. For three years he served the Church at 
 Troy, Pa., as preacher and pastor. For the last twenty 
 years he has resided on a farm in Henry County, Ind., 
 preaching as occasion required at various places. He is now 
 living in New Castle, Ind., retired from work of all kinds. 
 After ceasing from College and School work Mr. Weston 
 turned his attention to literature and produced several vol- 
 umes of more or less merit: "The Maid of Muldraugh's 
 Hill," an army tale of thrilling interest based upon his own 
 army experiences in Kentucky ; "The Passing of the Veter- 
 ans'* in verse prepared for a G. A. R. memorial service; 
 "Clipper Jap," a story for boys in six chapters; and "Van- 
 ished," a longer story. In 1886 he .published "The Evolu- 
 tion of a Shadow" or "The Bible doctrine of rest from the 
 standpoint of a believer in the divine authority and para- 
 mount importance of the religious observance of the first 
 day of the week." This was his most pretentious work and 
 reveals the high literary culture of the author, the strength 
 of his thought, the keenness of his perceptions, and the 
 power of his faith. Mr. Weston's instincts are all in the 
 direction of accurate scholarship. As a child and as a 
 young student he was quick to learn and easy to communi- 
 cate ; so that when his college course was ended and be en- 
 tered the classroom as a teacher he was thoroughl}^ prepared, 
 and popular with his students. As a preacher he was strong 
 as a teacher of the Word of God, and if not eloquent he 
 was impressive in his utterances. He v^as in Hiram when 
 salaries were ridiculously small, and when the Institution was 
 "farmed out" to the President and the receipts divided 
 amons: the workmen. His has been an honorable and 
 
l86 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Christian life and when he finally rests from his labors his 
 works will follow him. 
 
 Miss Lottie M. Sackett, the Principal of the Ladies' 
 
 Department, brought into her position the fruit of a long 
 
 experience as a teacher, the strensrth of a 
 
 Miss . 
 
 L tt' MS k tt cultured mind, and the influence of a good 
 
 reputation and a sterling Christian charac- 
 ter. She remained one year. She is yet living at Warren, 
 O., honored and beloved by all. 
 
 Osmer C. Hill remained a member of 
 the College Faculty as Professor in the 
 Osmer c. Hill. Commercial and Chirographical Depart- 
 ment until 1876, when he closed his re- 
 lation to the College. 
 
 The course of study for the first year 
 of the College was prepared by a commit- 
 tee consisting of John M. Atwater, J. H. 
 Course of Study. Rhodes and Alvah Udall. This course 
 remained for several years substantially 
 as it came from the hands of the commit- 
 tee. 
 Some changes in the business methods of the Board of 
 Trustees were made, and rules adopted which have been 
 very strictly adhered to ever since. At the first meeting of 
 the Board in the College year a Commit- 
 Business Methods, tee on Finance was appointed whose busi- 
 ness was to "take charge of all funds for 
 endowment and invest the same subject to the approval of 
 the Board." On the adopting of this rule it was also de- 
 clared that "this Board hereby promises the brotherhood 
 that no part of the principal of such funds shall be used; 
 but shall be kept sacred for the purpose for which it was 
 donated." 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-187O. 187 
 
 On motion of Mr. Garfield it was Resolved, That the 
 President of this College shall present to the Board of 
 Trustees at each annual meeting a report in writing, 
 setting forth the number of students in 
 attendance during the year ; the names of 
 Annual Report of all persons employed as teachers ; the work 
 the President ^^^^ ^ each, and any facts showing the 
 the Collee-e general condition of the Institution. The 
 
 Treasurer shall make as a part of his re- 
 port a full statement of the receipts and 
 expenditures of all money arising from tuition." 
 
 The first Standing Committee on Finance was consti- 
 tuted of C. B. Lockwood, A. Teachout and Harmon Austin. 
 Mr. Teachout and Mr. Lockwood are 
 
 First Finance ^ i- • j 1 r ,1 
 
 ^ . yet livmg and members oi the present 
 
 Board of Trustees. The Board has never 
 had any abler or more faithful representatives. 
 
 A convention of the friends of the Institution met in 
 Hiram June 12, 1867, the closing day of the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute, and recommended to the Board of Trustees, the estab- 
 lishment of a Biblical Department with 
 B'bli 1 c u ^^ appropriate course of study for Hiram 
 
 College. The Board took immediate ac- 
 tion to carry out the recommendation of the convention, and 
 on motion of Mr. B. A. Hinsdale the following resolutions 
 were adopted : ''Resolved^ That we cordially approve of the 
 recommendation of the Convention of June 12th in favor 
 of establishing a Biblical Department, and the Board will 
 appeal to the Christian Brotherhood to contribute fifty 
 thousand dollars to the perpetual endowment of that De- 
 partment, wherein lectures and other instruction shall be 
 gratuitously furnished to all who are preparing for the 
 Christian ministry; and that we, also, approve the recom- 
 mendation of said convention that the brethren be asked to 
 
l88 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 endow one chair in the Literary Department of the College." 
 It was also declared as the sense of the Board that the Pres- 
 ident of the College "should also be a Lecturer and Profes- 
 sor in the Biblical Department." The Biblical Department 
 modified as modifications have been found necessary, is one 
 of the permanent features of Hiram College. 
 
 In changing the school in name and in some respects 
 in character certain legal questions must necessarily be in- 
 volved. In 1868 a committee of the 
 ^^^ Board of Trustees consisting of Alvah 
 
 r !u ^ /- *!?"* Udall, J. A. Garfield, and D. W. Canfield, 
 
 of the College. ' ^ ' ' 
 
 was appointed to consider all legal ques- 
 tions arising out of changing the school into a college. The 
 committee after careful examination reported that "the pro- 
 ceedings had been regular and legal.'' 
 
 As the College interests began to multiply and its re- 
 sponsibilities, financial and other, increased, the Board of 
 Trustees decided to have a searching investigation made 
 into its legal history. Therefore in 1874 
 rpj^g a committee consisting of B. A. Hinsdale, 
 
 Legal History of then President of the College, Alvah 
 Hiram College. Udall, President of the Board of Trus- 
 tees, and Dr. A. J. Squire, Secretary of 
 the Board, was appointed to prepare the legal history of the 
 College, with authority to employ such legal counsel and 
 assistance as they might need. This committee reported at 
 the annual meeting of the Board held in Hiram June 17, 
 1874. Though the report is quite long yet it is of permanent 
 value, and will be inserted here. To the Board of Trustees 
 of Hiram College : At a meeting held in Cleveland, Janu- 
 ary 28, 1874, you adopted the following resolution :, 
 
 ''Resolved, That a committee of three, consisting of B. 
 A. Hinsdale, Alvah Udall, and A. J. Squire be and are here- 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-187O. 189 
 
 by appointed, to examine and look up the records of Hiram 
 College, and ascertain and determine, if 
 Authority possible, whether the whole business as 
 
 of the Committee shown by said records was done in a 
 of Examination. proper and legal manner. The committee 
 shall also ascertain the amount of capital 
 stock of the College, what amount has been subscribed and 
 what amount paid. Said committee is authorized to employ 
 legal counsel, if necessary, if the records are faulty or defi- 
 cient, the committee shall report such deficiencies, and all 
 other matters pertaining to the subject, to the Board of Trus- 
 tees at the regular meeting in June, 1874." 
 
 The committee created by this resolution respectfully 
 
 reports, that it has sought thoroughly and conscientiously 
 
 to perform the duties defined, and that the following are the 
 
 results of its inquiries : The legal history of Hiram College 
 
 began with an Act of the Legislature in- 
 
 The Results corporating the Western Reserve Eclectic 
 
 ^ ** / !. Institute, dated March i, 1850. By its 
 
 Examination. ' 1 
 
 first section said Act created twelve per- 
 sons named, together with such others as might be associa- 
 ted with them, a body corporate and politic, and invested 
 them with the power of perpetual succession. It also pro- 
 vided that the capital stock of the corporation should not 
 exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000), and that said stock 
 should be divided into shares of twenty-five dollars ($25) 
 each, to be used for no other purposes than in the instruc- 
 tion of youth of both sexes in the various branches of Lit- 
 erature and Science, and in the Holy Scriptures. Section 
 second declared that the corporation should be capable of 
 acquiring and holding property, real and personal, and of 
 disposing of the same, for the benefit of the Institution, in 
 all ways incident to similar corporations. Section third 
 
190 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 provided that the corporate concerns of said Eclectic Insti- 
 tute should be managed by a Board of Trustees, of not less 
 than nine nor more than twelve, of whom five should be a 
 quorum to do business, and one of whom should be elected 
 President. Said section further invested this Board of Trus- 
 tees with all the powers for the establishment and manage- 
 ment of the Institution, specifying all the leading powers 
 in terms. Section fourth of said Act provided that all in- 
 struments of writing required to carry into effect any 
 contract made by the Board, should be executed 
 by the President thereof, and be sealed by the cor- 
 porate seal. Section fifth provided that the corporators 
 named in the first section, or such of them as chose to act, 
 should manage the affairs of the Institution until subscrip- 
 tions to the stock amounting to seven thousand ($7,000) 
 dollars had been made, at which time a meeting of the stock- 
 holders should be called to elect Trustees. It provided that 
 one-third of said Board of Trustees should be elected for 
 one year, one-third for two years, and one-third for three 
 years, and that thereafter there should be annual elections. 
 It further provided that each stockholder should be entitled 
 at each election to one vote, in person or in proxy, for every 
 share of stock owned by him, with the proviso that no stock- 
 holder should have more than four votes for one hundred 
 dollars ($100), six votes for two hundred dollars ($200), 
 seven votes for three hundred dollars ($300), and eight 
 votes for four hundred dollars ($400) or more. Section 
 sixth regulated the annual meetings to elect Trustees, and 
 provided for failures to elect. Section seventh empowered 
 the Board to make By-Laws for the management of the In- 
 stitution, and to prescribe the mode of transferring the 
 stock. 
 
 Previous to the passing of this Act, the corporation 
 had been acting as a provisional Board of Trustees, having 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OP THE COLLEGE, 1S67-187O. I9I 
 
 been chosen for that purpose by a convention of the churches 
 in Northern Ohio. They continued so to act until October 
 14, 185 1, when it appeared that seven thousand dollars 
 ($7,000) of stock had been obtained. At a meeting held 
 on said day the President was instructed to issue a notice 
 to the stockholders to meet in Hiram the 24th of the follow- 
 ing November, to elect a Board of Trustees as contemplated 
 by the charter. Said notice was duly issued, and twelve 
 Trustees were elected on the day appointed. From that time 
 there has been an annual election of the requisite number 
 of Trustees, as prescribed by the Charter. 
 
 The next step in this legal history is the action of the 
 Board by which the Institution took the name and rank of 
 a College. This action rests upon an Act of the Legisla- 
 ture which took effect April 8, 1856, empowering semi- 
 naries of learning incorporated by general law or special Act 
 to change their name and become colleges, and after such 
 a change to confer the usual collegiate degrees. The second 
 section of this Act, which prescribes the manner of the 
 change, is as follows : 'Every seminary availing itself of 
 the power herein given shall, in making such change, enter 
 a resolution Vt^ith full minutes of their action upon the regu- 
 lar records of the seminary, affixing thereto its common 
 seal ; and before the taking effect of such resolution, it shall 
 be accurately transcribed and with the accompanying min- 
 utes and the common seal affixed, shall be filed in the office 
 of the Recorder of the proper county and recorded by that 
 officer ; and also filed in the office of the Secretary of State 
 to be recorded by said Secretary ; and any copy of such file 
 or record duly certified by the County Recorder or Secretary 
 of State, as the case may be, shall be evidence in the courts 
 of the State.' The Board of Trustees acted under this stat- 
 ute on two different occasions. The official record filed in 
 
192 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the office of the Secretary of State is as follows : 'The Board 
 of Trustees of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, met 
 at Hiram November 9, 1858, at half past two o'clock p. m., 
 pursuant to a call of the President. (Members present), 
 Alvah Udall (in the chair), Wm. Hay den, Aaron Davis, 
 Frederick Williams, Zeb Rudolph, Wm. Richards, Alvah 
 Humiston, and W. J. Ford. In the absence of the Secre- 
 tary of the Board, W. J. Ford was elected Secretary pro tern. 
 Sessions of the Board opened by prayer by Wm. Hayden. 
 Minutes of the last meeting read by the President. After 
 hearing reports of committees, etc., the meeting was ad- 
 journed till tomorrow morning, (Nov. 10). 
 
 Nov. 10, 1858. Board met pursuant to adjournment, 
 and was called to order by the President. Frederick Wil- 
 liams offered the following resolutions, vi?. : 'Whereas, 
 The Board of Trustees of the Western Reserve Eclectic In- 
 stitute, (a seminary of learning) believing that it is desir- 
 able and for the interest of said Institute to reorganize un- 
 der the provisions of *an Act to authorize seminaries of 
 learning to change their names and become colleges,' passed 
 April 8, 1856,— 
 
 ( 1 ) Therefore Resolved, That the name of said Insti- 
 tute be and the same is hereby changed to Hiram College. 
 
 (2) Resolved, That under the provisions of said Act, 
 the said Institute by the name aforesaid, as aforesaid, be 
 and the same is hereby ordered to be organized as a college 
 with full collegiate power and privileges, to confer upon 
 the graduates of said college the usual degrees granted by 
 colleges, etc. 
 
 (3) Resolved, That said Board of Trustees be in- 
 structed to take, at such time as the Board may order all the 
 necessary steps to carry into effect these resolutions.' 
 
 On motion of Mr. Williams, seconded by Mr. Hayden, 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-187O. I93 
 
 the foregoing resolutions were adopted by the following 
 vote, viz. : Affirmative, F. Williams, Wm. Hayden, A. Da- 
 vis, Z. Rudolph, Wm. Richards, A. Humiston, A. Udall, W. 
 J. Ford. — 8. Negative — None. 
 
 Alvah Udall, President of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 W. J. Ford, Secretary, Pro. Tem. 
 Hiram, February 20, 1867. The Board of Trustees of 
 the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute met pursuant to call 
 of the President. (Present) A. S. Hayden, W. J. Ford, J. 
 H. Rhodes, Z. Rudolph, FI. Ryder, and A. Udall, President 
 of the Board. Meeting opened by prayer by A. S. Hayden. 
 On motion of Mr. Ford the following resolution was passed 
 unanimously: That the President of the Board of Trustees 
 of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, be instructed, 
 and is hereby authorized to take all the steps necessary to 
 carry into effect the resolutions passed by the Board, in a 
 meeting held November 10, 1858, making the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute a College, and that the name of the college shall be, 
 'Hiram College,' and so entered on the county and State 
 ^^coTds. ALVAH UDALL, 
 
 (seal.) President of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 A. J. SQUIRE, 
 5 Cent Internal Secretary. 
 
 Revenue Stamp. 
 
 I certify the foregoing to be a true copy transcribed 
 from the regular records of the Western Reserve Eclectic 
 Institute this sixth day of July, A. D., 1867. 
 
 A. J. SQUIRE, 
 Secretary of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 Secretary of State's Office. 
 United States of America, Ohio 
 
 I, William Henry Smith, Secretary of State of the 
 State of Ohio, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true 
 
194 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 copy of the certificate of change of name of the Western 
 Reserve Eclectic Institute, to Hiram College filed in this 
 office July 13th, A. D., 1867. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my 
 name and affixed the great Seal of the State of Ohio, at 
 Columbus, the 13th day of July, A. D., 1867. 
 
 (SEAL.) WM. Hi:NRY SMITH, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 5 Cent Internal Revenue Stamp. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board held June 12, 1867, the 
 President of the Board, General Garfield, and D. W. Can- 
 field, were appointed a committee to consider all legal ques- 
 tions arising out of changing the school into a college, and 
 so to arrange the language of transfer as to guard all prop- 
 erty rights of the Institution. (See Secretary's Book, page 
 24.) At the next meeting of the Board held January i, 
 1868, this committee submitted the results of its inquiries: 
 ''Your committee appointed at the annual meeting held June, 
 1867, to consider all legal questions arising out of changing 
 the school into a college, etc., beg leave to report, that they 
 have examined and considered all such questions, and find 
 that all the proceedings have been regular and legal, and 
 therefore do not in the least degree prejudice the property 
 rights of the Institution. Alvah Udall, 
 
 D. W. Canfield. 
 
 Before dismissing this point, your committee would fur- 
 ther represent that the legality of the proceedings by which 
 the Eclectic Institute was changed to Hiram College has 
 been tested by a suit that passed through both the Probate 
 and Common Pleas Courts of Trumbull County, and that 
 no flaw was found. 
 
 Your committee next inquired into the proceedings by 
 which the number of Trustees of the College was increased 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 195 
 
 from twelve to twenty-four. This action rests on a Gen- 
 eral Statute that passed and took effect April 13, 1865. 
 The first section of said Statute runs as follows : ''That the 
 Board of Trustees of any College or University now exist- 
 ing by virtue of any Act of Incorporation, or which may 
 hereafter become incorporated, are hereby authorized to 
 increase the number of Trustees provided for in such Act 
 of Incorporation to any number not greater than twenty- 
 four. (See Swan and Sayler's Supplement to the Revised 
 Statutes of the State of Ohio, p. 106.)" 
 
 On the 19th of June, 1872, the Board adopted the fol- 
 lowing resolution : "Resolved,, That in pursuance of law for 
 such cases made and provided, the number of Trustees of 
 Hiram College be increased to twenty-four, and that at the 
 next election of College Trustees, and at each and every such 
 annual election held thereafter, there be elected a number 
 sufficient with those remaining in office, to make twenty- 
 four ; electing at the first sixteen, eight for three years, four 
 for two years, four for one year, and thereafter to fill va- 
 cancies." (See Secretary's Book, p. 66.) 
 
 In pursuance of this action, on the 20th of June, 1872, 
 the stockholders elected sixteen Trustees, and on the 19th 
 of June, 1873, they elected eight. 
 
 On the nth of January, 1873, the Legislature passed 
 an Act repealing the Act of April 13, 1865, and providing: 
 "That the Board of Trustees of any College or University 
 now existing by virtue of any Act of Incorporation or law, 
 or which may hereafter become incorporated under the Laws 
 of the State of Ohio, are hereby authorized to increase the 
 number of Trustees provided for in such Act of Incor- 
 poration or law, to any number not greater than twenty- 
 four. The provisions of this Act shall also apply to all 
 academies, seminaries, and Institutes not originally incor-^ 
 
196 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 porated as colleges or universities, but which have since be- 
 come such under the laws of this State." (See General and 
 Local Laws, Vol. LXX, p. 4) . There is, perhaps, room for 
 doubt whether the action by which the number of Trustees 
 was increased was strictly legal. This action was taken be- 
 fore the Act of 1873 was passed, and the question is, 
 whether the Act of 1865 applied to a college that had been 
 originally chartered as a Seminary or Institute. More 
 specifically, the question is, whether, in 1872 within the 
 meaning of the Statute, Hiram College was a college "by 
 virtue of an Act of Incorporation." The question is re- 
 spectfully submitted to the legal talent of the Board. 
 
 The inquiries of the committee concerning the capital 
 stock of the College, have led to the following results : — 
 
 "First. The charter of 1850 placed 
 
 ^ .. , o. 1 the minimum stock at seven thousand 
 Capital Stock. 
 
 dollars ($7,000) ; the maximum at fifty 
 thousand ($50,000). 
 
 Second, It is impossible to ascertain the amount of 
 stock subscriptions. The original subscription books or 
 papers have been lost, and it does not appear that any per- 
 manent record of these was made. 
 
 Third, The amount of stock that has been paid for, 
 according to the books of the Treasurer, is 673 shares, or 
 sixteen thousand eight hundred and twenty-five dollars 
 ($16,825). 
 
 Fourth, The amount for which certificates have been 
 issued is 452 shares, or eleven thousand and three hundred 
 dollars ($11,300) ; leaving two hundred and twenty-one 
 shares, or five thousand five hundred and twenty-five dol- 
 lars ($5,525) for which no certificates have been issued. 
 The reason why these certificates have not been issued is, 
 they have not been called for. 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 197 
 
 Fifth, At the annual meeting in 1872 the Board 
 adopted a resolution authorizing the President to issue new 
 stock in the name of the College in place of the old stock, 
 appointing the President, Hartwell Ryder, and L. Cooley 
 a committee to furnish certificates to the owners of stock 
 who have not received them, and empowering Mr. Cooley 
 to sell one thousand (1,000) shares of the new stock. (See 
 Secretary's book, p. 68.) Your committee has not learned 
 that anything more has been done under this resolution 
 than to issue a few College stock certificates in .place of the 
 Eclectic institute certificates. The committee further states 
 that it has prepared a tabular statement of stock showing 
 the names of the original owners, their residences, the num- 
 ber of shares owned, and whether certificates have or have 
 not been issued. (See Secretary's 2nd book, page 107.) 
 
 Your committee further represents that it has carefully 
 examined the records of Board meetings from the year 1849 
 to the present, and that it has found said records, for the 
 most part, kept in a full, clear, and methodical manner. It 
 was discovered that the Secretary's book did not contain 
 the record of one annual meeting, but, fortunately the orig- 
 inal minutes were found, and the omission in the record 
 has been supplied. The committee would recommend a 
 little more care in the future in recording reports of com- 
 mittees, and a little more pains in the wording of motions 
 and resolutions, also more care in the kind of ink used by 
 the Secretary. Especial attention is called to this last point, 
 because, owing to the use of poor ink used by the Secre- 
 tary, some of the records must soon be transcribed. But 
 while the committee calls attention to these minor points, 
 it is happy in being able to state that the records are in such 
 excellent condition that there is no difficulty in tracing the 
 history of the Board from the beginning; and it cannot see 
 
198 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 that any question affecting the institution can arise out of 
 any imperfections in the work of either the former or the 
 present Secretaries. Your committee has noticed in look- 
 ing through the minutes that there has been more or less 
 irregularities in organizing the Board and respectfully 
 recommends that some rule be adopted and followed in the 
 future. All of which is-*respectfully submitted. 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale, 
 Alvah Udall, 
 A. J. Squire, 
 
 Committee." 
 On the resignation of President 
 Shepard the Board of Trustees took im- 
 
 ^^^ mediate steps to provide a President and 
 
 Second Faculty of ^^ , . 1 /- 1, 1 .. , 
 
 the College Faculty for the College, but some little 
 
 time elapsed before it was accomplished. 
 In the meantime Prof. A. M. Weston was authorized to act 
 as correspondent for the college. 
 
 The Board met June 11, 1868, and after considerable 
 discussion it was ''Resolved, That J. M. Atwater be elected 
 President of Hiram College and that a 
 T M Atwater committee De appointed who shall in con- 
 Elected President junction with him, be authorized to make 
 of the College. ^\i arrangements for the organization of 
 a Board of Teachers." The committee 
 ordered was composed of J. H. Rhodes, Alvah Udall, and 
 Hartwell Ryder. A Board of Teachers was finally formed 
 consisting of John M. Atwater, President, and Professor 
 of Mental and Moral Philosophy, and Biblical Literature; 
 Asa M. Weston, Professor of Mathematics, and Modern 
 Languages ; Amzi Atwater, Professor ol Latin and Greek ; 
 Andrew J. Squire, Professor of Chemistry, Anatomy, 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OP THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. I99 
 
 Physiology, Hygiene, and Physical Culture; and Miss Cor- 
 tentia C. Munson, Principal of the Ladies Department. 
 
 Amzi Atwater was born in Mantua, O., November 9, 
 1839. He came to Hiram as a student in the fall of 1853 
 and his student life continued with some irregularity until 
 i860. Between these years he taught 
 Amzi Atwater. school at North Royalton, O., in 1858 
 and Braceville, O., in 1859. In i860 he 
 located at Bruceville, Ind., where he taught four terms. In 
 1862 he entered the North Western Christian University 
 (now Butler), where he remained until 1865, with the ex- 
 ception of a "Hundred Days Service" in the U. S. Army 
 in 1864. In 1865 he entered the State University at Bloom- 
 ington, and also preached for the Christian Church at that 
 place. In the University he was chosen Principal of the 
 Preparatory Department and Adjunct Professor of Lan- 
 guages, which place he held until June, 1868. In 1866 he 
 graduated from the University, receiving the degree of A. 
 B. In 1868 and 1869 he was Professor of Latin and Greek 
 in Hiram College, and during this time preached for the 
 church at Ravenna, O. In 1869 and 1870 he preached for 
 the church at Mantua, O. In 1869 he received the degree 
 of A. M. from the Indiana State University, and in 1870 
 was elected Professor of Latin in that institution. August 
 8, 1870, he was married to Miss Cortentia Munson, an 
 associate of his in the Faculty of Pliram College. From 
 1870 to 1893 he was Professor of Latin in Indiana State 
 University. His entire service in the University covered a 
 period of 26 years. From 1893 to the present his time has 
 been devoted mostly to preaching; at Franklin, Ind., from 
 1893 to 1895; Sullivan, Illinois, from 1896 to 1897; and at 
 Bridgeport, Connecticut, while his son Munson D. Atwater 
 studied at Yale University. In 1898 and 1899 he preached 
 
200 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 at the church at Mantua Station, O. In 1882 he visited 
 Europe and made a partial tour of the continent. He is 
 now living at Bloomington, Ind., and Financial Secretary 
 for the endowment of the Bible Chairs at Butler College, 
 Irvington, Ind. 
 
 Cortentia Munson, daughter of Edward Spencer and 
 Sophia Cowee Munson, was born Sept. 29th, 1838, in Men- 
 tor, Ohio. After the usual round in the public schools she 
 
 attended at Hiram two terms — 1856-7, 
 Cortentia Munson. under the presidency of A. S. Hayden. 
 
 Afterward she taught several terms in 
 Mentor and vicinity, and in the public schools of Paines- 
 ville, Ohio, in 1860-61. As her only brother now enlisted 
 in the army she spent the next four years at home with her 
 parents, and was actively engaged with the Mentor Aid 
 Society in preparing and sending supplies to the soldiers 
 in the field and hospitals. Early in 1865 she entered Lake 
 Erie Seminary at Painesville and graduated with the class 
 of 1867. Soon after she went with her brother to Knox- 
 ville, Tenn. Returning to Ohio the following year she was 
 chosen Lady Principal of the College at Hiram September, 
 1868, under the presidency of J. M. Atwater, Amzi Atwater 
 being at the time Professor of Latin and Greek. Miss 
 Munson continued to teach in Hiram till December, 1869, 
 when, on account of the dangerous illness of her mother, 
 her presence was required at home. Cortentia Munson and 
 Amzi Atwater were married Aug. 8th, 1870. Blooming- 
 ton, Ind., the seat of the State University in which Amzi 
 Atwater was a professor for 26 years, has been the family 
 residence ever since. Two children were born, Munson 
 Darwin and Eva Sophia, the latter dying at two years of 
 age in 1877. Munson graduated at Indiana University in 
 1894, taught three years in Rayen School, Youngstown, 
 
e. v. zollars 
 Dr. S. E, Shepard 
 
 COLLEGE PRESIDENTS. 
 G. H, Laughlin 
 
 J. M. Atwatek 
 B. A. Hinsdale 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 20I 
 
 Ohio, Studied two summers in Chicago University, and 
 spent two years in post-graduate work in Yale University. 
 Besides these some changes were made in the assistant 
 teachers and Magnus Buchholz, teacher of German; James 
 M. Hurlbut, teacher in Enghsh Branches; AdeHa L. CHf- 
 ford, teacher of Instrumental Music ; and Miss Statira New- 
 comb, teacher of Portrait and Landscape Painting and 
 Drawing, were the new teachers employed. The condition 
 of the affairs of the College during the year was evidently 
 not very satisfactory either to the President and his Faculty, 
 or to the Board of Trustees. It was found that there was 
 an indebtedness near the close of the year for current ex- 
 penses of $1,691.97. A meeting of the Board of Trustees 
 was called for May 13, 1869. President Atwater made a 
 statement of the condition of the school, after which W. J. 
 Ford moved "That Hiram College be transferred to Dr. 
 Silas E. Shepard for one year on condition that he hire 
 teachers, keep up both the Literary and Theological Depart- 
 ments, and receive the tuition and annual interest of the 
 endowment fund of the College for his compensation." 
 The Board appears to have been divided as to the name to 
 be inserted in the resolution, and Mr. Atwater's name was 
 proposed in place of Dr. Shepard. It was finally agreed 
 that Trustees Ford and Teachout should confer with Dr. 
 Shepard, and Trustees Lockwood and Rhodes with Presi- 
 dent Atwater, and "ascertain if they would take the College 
 for the tuition and the interest on the endowment fund for 
 one year as pen resolution specified." Later on the same 
 day these committees reported the results of their confer- 
 ences. Each had received an affirmative answer, and either 
 of the gentlemen "would take the College on the terms pro- 
 posed." The Board then proceeded to fill by ballot the blank 
 in the resolution for President, which was filled by a vote 
 
202 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 of 7 for Mr. Atwater and 3 for Dr. Shepard, and the fol- 
 lowing resolution was adopted: — "Re- 
 Contract with solved, That the Board of Trustees here- 
 J. M. Atwater by authorize J. M. Atwater to take charge 
 for Second Year, of the College during the next college 
 year, beginning with the June Commence- 
 ment of 1869, as its President on the following conditions, 
 to wit: 
 
 (i) Said President shall employ and pay all teachers 
 and Professors; shall pay incidental expenses;- and shall 
 provide instruction in the Literary, Biblical and Prepara- 
 tory Departments of the College sufficient to keep up the 
 present standard of excellence. 
 
 (2) That as compensation for said service he shall 
 receive all receipts for tuition during the said year, to be 
 collected by him in accordance with the established rates ; 
 one year's interest on all funds, notes, and subscriptions now 
 in possession of the College ; and one year's interest on all 
 funds which may come into possession of the College by 
 solicitation or otherwise during the college year, said inter- 
 est to be collected by said President under the direction of 
 the Board; Provided, that this resolution shall not deprive 
 the Board of its full amount of general supervision of the 
 management and accounts of the College." 
 
 Under this arrangement Mr. Atwater served his second 
 year as President of the College. This arrangement while, 
 perhaps, the best that could be made at the time, was not 
 satisfactory to either party. President Atwater was con- 
 tinually oppressed by the financial condition of the institu- 
 tion, making it impossible for him to meet satisfactorily the 
 obligations he had assumed. Besides, it appeared to the 
 Board of Trustees and many friends of the College that 
 Mr. Atwater's administration was not up to the standard 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 203 
 
 of a College administration. All recognized the difficulties 
 incident to the change of rank of the institution. There 
 A¥ere great obstacles in the way of changing academic 
 methods to those which should characterize a college. The 
 man had not yet been found who was able to add to the 
 name of the College the dignity and influence which a 
 college ought to possess. Mr. Atwater in the class room 
 was a teacher of superior ability ; before the world he bore 
 an exalted character; and in earnestness of purpose and in 
 the conscientious discharge of every duty, as he savr it, he 
 was without a flaw. But he could not, with his limitations, 
 create of the School anything superior to the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute of which he had been the successful Principal. 
 
 The Board of Trustees realized the situation as difficult 
 and even critical. A change of some kind was demanded 
 and must be made. Accordingly, on May 7, 1870, at a 
 specially called meeting of the Board at which were present 
 Alvah Udall, J. H. Rhodes, A. Teachout, James A Garfield, 
 J. F. Whitney, Hartwell Ryder, C. B. Lockwood, and Har- 
 mon Austin, the following resolution by Mr. Lockwood was 
 adopted : — ''Resolved^ That we deem it expedient to employ 
 President J. M. Atwater and Professor B. A. Hinsdale to 
 organize and employ a Faculty to take charge of the College 
 the ensuing year in accordance with their proposition to take 
 the same for two thousand ($2,000) dollars and tuition 
 receipts, provided at our next meeting it appears that the 
 funds can be raised." 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Board held June 9, 1870, 
 the contract was concluded with J. M. Atwater and B. A. 
 Hinsdale on the following terms: — "That they organize 
 and pay a competent Faculty, and pay all incidental ex- 
 penses, on the condition that the Board guarantees to them 
 the tuition receipts and fifteen hundred dollars for such 
 
204 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 service; and also guarantee to them one year's interest on 
 all endowment fund they may raise during the year." 
 Alvah Udall, A. J. Squire, and Hartwell Ryder were made 
 an Advisory Committee of the Board in the organization 
 of the Faculty. It was also "Resolved), That in this ar- 
 rangement J. -M. Atwater be President, and B. A. Hinsdale, 
 Vice President, and that each he endozued zvith equal and 
 coextensive authority in the management of the College." 
 
 At the same meeting the Board passed the following 
 resolution in favor of Mr. W. J. Ford, who had made a 
 report as Solicitor of the Western Re- 
 Thanks to serve Eclectic Institute and Hiram Col- 
 W. J. Ford lege. A committee had examined his 
 as Solicitor. report of work and results and recom- 
 mended the resolution. "Resolved, That 
 W. J. Ford has served with fidelity and unusual success the 
 Eclectic Institute and Hiram College, and is entitled to the 
 gratitude of the Board of Trustees, the Stockholders, and 
 all friends of the College for the industry, perseverence, 
 and ability with which for a period of twelve years he has 
 performed the duties of Solicitor for the Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute and Hiram College." 
 
 The double-headed arrangement by which J. M. 
 Atwater and B. A. Hinsdale were "endowed with equal 
 and co-extensive authority in the management of the Col- 
 lege" was of short life. July i, 1870, the Board of Trustees 
 met at the call of President Udall, and received the resigna- 
 tion of President Atwater, which was imm^ediately accepted. 
 It wa§ then "Resolved, That B. A. Hinsdale be elected per- 
 manent President of Hiram College." The vote was taken 
 by ayes and nays, and resulted in a unanimous choice, the 
 following Trustees being present and voting: — James A. 
 Garfield, Harmon Austin, Hartwell Ryder, John F. Whit- 
 ney, Alvah Udall, and C. B. Lockwood. 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OF THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 305 
 
 Mr. Hinsdale was notified of his election and appeared 
 before the Board and announced his acceptance of the 
 position in an appropriate speech. At the 
 Lathrop Cooler as same meeting the committee appointed 
 Financial Agent, previously to secure a Financial Agent 
 for the College ''was authorized and 
 directed to employ Elder Lathrop Cooley to sell scholarships 
 at one hundred dollars each for a period not to exceed eight 
 years ; and that he be authorized to solicit other amounts 
 according to such methods as said committee may direct; 
 provided that not more than twenty per cent shall be paid 
 for the whole cost of any such solicitations and collections." 
 Thus began Mr. Cooley's work for the College which has ex- 
 tended with more or less continuity of service, over many 
 years, even down to the present time. Mr. Cooley made a 
 very efficient and successful Financial Agent for the Col- 
 lege. Until 1880 his name was published annually in the 
 catalogue as Financial Agent. 
 
 While the administration of President Atwater had not 
 
 been as successful as many had hoped that it might be, it 
 
 had developed some facts which have been 
 
 Close of ^ found essential to the perpetuity, strength, 
 
 a\j '• -7* *" * and errowth of the College. For three 
 
 Administration. ° f" 
 
 years it had been uncertain whether this 
 one or that one would remain beyond a year at the head of 
 the Institution. Everything was uncertain and temporary. 
 No one had encouragement to do his best or could do his 
 best. But the Board determined that the Financial Agent 
 should have such a tenure of office that he could put into 
 execution plans for raising funds which would require years 
 to mature. It was also determined that the Presidency 
 should not be subject to an annual change; and so they 
 elected Mr. Hinsdale "permanent President of Hiram Col- 
 lege." 
 
2o6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE, 
 
 A foundation was laid for an "Endowment Fund" dur- 
 ing this period. Mr. Ford had succeeded in getting numer- 
 ous small sums in various quarters, and one large sum from 
 Mr. Robert Kerr, of Marion, O. July 29, 1867, Mr. Kerr 
 signed a contract to give "fifty thousand 
 An Endowment dollars to endow a Chair in Hiram Col- 
 Fund, lege." This amount was somewhat re- 
 duced before it was finally paid, by a 
 compromise with the Board of Trustees; but a sufficient 
 sum was realized from it to establish the "Kerr Chair of 
 Natural Science" now and for many years occupied by Pro- 
 fessor George H. Colton. Small sums were also realized 
 from bequests that had been made to the College. The en- 
 dowment of Hiram College has been a matter of slow 
 growth from this small beginning to its present creditable 
 proportions. 
 
 When the institution opened as a College in 1857 some 
 changes in the Literary Societies were made. The Hes- 
 perian and Olive Branch Societies joined 
 The in a petition to the Faculty for a union 
 
 Literary Societies, society, giving their reasons why such a 
 society would be beneficial. The name of 
 Sutton E. Young heads the Hesperian list, and the name of 
 Alice Robinson the Olive Branch list. After careful con- 
 sideration the Faculty unanimously decided not to grant 
 the petition. 
 
 On March 18, 1868, the Faculty considered a request 
 by A. A. Amidon, and G. E. Barber, representing the 
 College students, for the organization of a distinct College 
 society. The Faculty was a unit in favor of "distinct Col- 
 lege and preparatory societies," and gave good reasons why 
 such a society should be established in the College. The 
 name Alpha Delta was finally agreed to and the sentiment 
 
THE INITIAL YEARS OP THE COLLEGE, 1867-1870. 20/ 
 
 "Let mind rule" adopted as a motto. In 1870, February 17, 
 the society was chartered and M. P. Hayden, T. A. Snow, 
 and E. M. Wilson were chosen trustees. The society was 
 strong and vigorous from the beginning. May 16, 1871, a 
 contract was made between the society and the Board of 
 Trustees "transferring the College library to the society." 
 This society admitted ladies who were College students to 
 membership under certain restrictions. August 21, 1873, 
 the Faculty "after much observation and reflection, reached 
 the conclusion that there should be two, and only two gen- 
 tlemen's societies in the College," and proposed that the 
 Alpha Delta should "close up its business, dispose of its 
 property, and adjourn sine die, leaving the ground to the 
 two old societies." The society considered the advice of 
 the Faculty and August 22, 1873, proceeded to "take steps 
 towards closing up its business," and when the proper ad- 
 justment had been made and the property of the society 
 properly distributed, the society was closed. It had had an 
 honorable life but the College conditions would not justify 
 its continuance and it left the field to the old societies. 
 
 The life and spirit as well as the method of the "Old 
 Eclectic" could not die at once. It lived on after the form 
 of the Eclectic Institute had passed away, 
 and was plainly discernable in the initial 
 of th" years of Hiram College. The free and 
 
 Eclectic Institute unconventional character of the Eclectic 
 in the College. did not die instantly with the change of 
 name, and rank. It was desirable to pre- 
 serve its spirit and at the same time to adjust it to the new 
 forces of education that were beginning to display them- 
 selves, and to conform it to the requirements that its new 
 name implied. During its first three years the College kept 
 close to the habits of the old school. Its first Presidents did 
 
208 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 all they could under the conditions that prevailed, but a 
 change was needed and a change was made, and a new ad- 
 ministration provided. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Hiram College — B. A. Hinsdale's Administration. 
 
 1870-1882. 
 
 July I, 1870, B. A. Hinsdale, by resolution of the Board 
 of Trustees, was elected "permanent President of Hiram 
 College." Before this time the idea of permanence of ad- 
 ministration does not appear to have teen 
 B. A. Hinsdale the before the Trustees in the selection of a 
 Third President. President, and an annual election had 
 been an almost established rule. The 
 financial condition of the Institution had made it impossible 
 to secure and retain a President who had already won a 
 place in the world of letters and as an administrator of 
 College interests. 
 
 While literature and science were to have a proper 
 place in its Course of Study, the special purpose of the 
 Eclectic Institute was to be by charter stipulation "instruc- 
 tion in moral science as based on the facts and precepts of 
 the Holy Scriptures ;" and this was the distinguishing 
 feature of the Eclectic Institute to its close. But with the 
 change of name from Institute to College, and change of 
 rank from an academy of high degree to an institution with 
 college promises and college ambitions, other changes be- 
 came necessary. If it was to be a College it must 
 have a college character, a college position, a college cur- 
 riculum, and a college dignity. To attain to this distinction, 
 it will not seem strange to those who give the matter intelli- 
 gent thought, that for a time, at least, the distinctly theolo- 
 
aiO HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 gical or Biblical character of the school should take a sec- 
 ondary place and the secular and classical be exalted to the 
 first; and so, while morals, religion and Bible study were 
 by no means forgotten or ignored, the 
 
 ^, ' „ e;reat work of the President during; the 
 
 Great Purpose. ... . . 
 
 administration now being considered was 
 to bring the Institution into the fulness of a College, and 
 gain for it a recognition in the educational world. 
 
 When Mr. Hinsdale entered upon his work as Presi- 
 dent of Hiram College he was without experience in the 
 administration of college affairs. He had been a member 
 of the Faculty during the last year of President Atwater's 
 administration, and previously had served a year as Profes- 
 sor in Alliance College under President Errett; he had 
 taught country schools and conducted select schools in 
 country places ; but he had never been entrusted before with 
 the heavy responsibilities of a College President. 
 
 He brought, however, to his position a knowledge of 
 
 Hiram second to none. He entered the Eclectic Institute 
 
 in 1853 as a student and as a student and 
 
 Some of teacher he had spent in Hiram a large 
 Mr. Hinsdale's v r ^1 • . • tt 
 
 „, ^ . ^. number of the mtervenms; years, lie 
 Characteristics. . . . . . . 
 
 was well acquainted with the habits, the 
 surroundings, the financial condition, and the influences that 
 had controlled the school from the beginning. He was 
 thirty-three years of age and possessed a strong physical 
 body which was capable of hard work and long endurance. 
 He had a sensitive conscience, and truth and faithfulness 
 were the girdle of his reins. He had been an unwearied 
 searcher after knowledge from his youth and the reasons 
 for things he demanded at every step of his progress. While 
 he was a man of faith yet in large degree, his faith rested 
 on facts which he, by investigation, had been able to dis- 
 cover. His mind was of a logical cast, clear, distinct, and 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870- 1882. 211 
 
 decisive, and his findings were stated with the authority of 
 a judge whose judgments will not allow dispute. All sub- 
 jects that concerned men were interesting to him, some of 
 more interest than others, and a few of transcendent impor- 
 tance ; but in their consideration he took the "pedagogical 
 view" rather than that of the declaimer, the orator or the 
 rhetorician. He was a tireless searcher for the foundations, 
 the sources of things, and he never attempted to build the 
 superstructure until he felt sure that the foundation was 
 solid. In a word, he had the genius and instincts of an 
 educator. There are minds to which environment gives a 
 set from which they never turn: — there are others whose 
 reaction is more powerful than any direct forces that play 
 upon them. The environments of the Eclectic Institute had 
 a strong influence over Mr. Hinsdale but with his cast of 
 mind and temperament they could not absorb him. Hence 
 the changes he inaugurated in the management, the disci- 
 pline, the curriculum, and the special culture for which he 
 believed the college should stand. For twelve years, "some- 
 times in gloom and thick darkness," he strove to reach the 
 ideal which was before him when he accepted the President's 
 chair. No one acquainted with the financial condition of the 
 College when Mr. Hinsdale became President, and onward 
 in his administration, will ever accuse him as one controlled 
 by a mercenary spirit. He cared but little for money, but 
 his soul was wedded to an ideal of education which in every 
 possible way he determined to realize both as a personal 
 possession and as a "garment of praise" for the college over 
 which he presided. 
 
 *His recent death, in the midst of his mature years and 
 usefulness, will give an added interest to the following 
 biographical sketch of his life and work. 
 
 *At Atlanta, Ga., Not. 29, 1900. 
 
?I2 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Burke Aaron Hinsdale was born in Wadsworth, Ohio, 
 
 March 31, 1837. His father, Albert Hinsdale, was born in 
 
 Torrington, Connecticut, July 18, 1809; 
 
 Biographical j^jg mother, Clarinda Elvira Eyles, was 
 Sketch of 
 President Hinsdale ^^^^ ^" ^hio July 12, 1815. Both of his 
 parents were of good New England stock. 
 
 He grew to young manhood on his father's farm in 
 Wadsworth. His home training was all that a Christian 
 fatlier and mother could give him. His school privileges 
 until he came to Hiram were no better than those afforded 
 to other young men of his locality, in the old-fashioned dis- 
 trict-school. Physically he inherited a sound body without 
 grace or comeliness, but of good fiber and capable of endur- 
 ing immense strain. His mother "was possessed of good 
 judgment, very ready to make up her mind, which was not 
 easily turned, and very apt to carry out her purposes." From 
 her he inherited that imperious will that was one of his 
 distinctly marked characteristics. 
 
 He was naturally of a studious temperament and usually 
 preferred to read and study than to play in the intervals 
 between the work in the fields and the time for rest and 
 sleep at night. It was a rare thing in his boyhood to see 
 him without a book in his hands during these intervals. 
 His favorite books were history, and those bearing on the 
 philosophy of mind. The strongest faculties of his mind 
 were the perceptive, the reflective, and the logical. It has 
 been said of the scholars of Greece in Alexandrian times 
 that "they were not creative, but rather reflective. They 
 did not produce great masterpieces of poetry or art, nor did 
 they devise new systems of philosophy. They were scholars 
 and critics rather than original makers. They were students 
 and codifiers. They gathered together the v/isdom of their 
 forefathers. This they transmitted to posterity." This 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's ADMINISTRATION, 1870-1882. 213 
 
 describes very accurately the character of the product of 
 Mr. Hinsdale's mind. His perceptions were so keen and 
 vivid that he saw clearly what was dimly seen or altogether 
 unseen by others. His powers of reflection enabled him to 
 bring forth lessons of great value from hitherto undiscov- 
 ered places. And his strong logical faculty enabled him to 
 raise from these discoveries a building not only massive but 
 often beautiful. He came to Hiram on November 21, 1853, 
 and entered as a student on that day. Describing that com- 
 ing himself, he says : — "I was a big boy, awkward and un- 
 cultured enough, with the smell of the furrow upon my 
 garments ; but I knew a thing or two, and my mind had 
 opened enough to appreciate what I heard to the full." Until 
 1 86 1, for the most of the time, he was a student in the 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, leaving Hiram to work 
 on the farm or teach a district school at irregular intervals. 
 In 1861 he was chosen as one of the assistant teachers in 
 the Eclectic Institute ; in 1862 his name appears as a full- 
 fledged teacher in the English Department. This position 
 he held until 1864. From this date he does not appear 
 again in Hiram circles until he appears as Professor of His- 
 tory, English Literature, and Political Science, in 1869-1870, 
 the last year of President Atwater's administration. During 
 that year he was elected President of Hiram College, which 
 position he held for twelve successive years. Between the 
 years 1864 and 1869 he devoted himself mainly to preach- 
 ing. He began to preach in 1862. He united with the 
 Church of Christ, in Hiram, in the winter of i853-'54 under 
 the preaching of A. S. Hayden, then Principal of the Eclectic 
 Institute. He preached quite regularly for churches during 
 the years 1862-1868, remaining longest with the Disciple 
 churches at Solon, O., and Franklin Avenue Church in 
 Cleveland, and Hiram. He never entirely left the pulpit, 
 
214 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 though from the time he entered Hiram as President until 
 the close of his life, with the exception of Hiram, he had 
 no regular appointments. Mr. Hinsdale was not a popular 
 preacher. His style of delivery and the minuteness of his 
 analysis of a Biblical theme were not attractive to the most 
 of people. His sermons were always strong and filled with 
 robust thought, and many heard him gladly and with great 
 profit, but it cannot be said of him as was said of his Master, 
 ''the common people heard him gladly." His social faculties 
 were not as strongly marked as his intellectual, and yet to 
 many he revealed a strong sympathy and a tender heart. 
 To those whom he accepted as his friends he revealed him- 
 self with the cordiality of a great heart and in truest friend- 
 ship. In his family he was a loving son and brother, hus- 
 band and father. In June, 1877, in his address to the 
 graduating class at Hiram he related an incident in his life 
 which no one can read without moist eyes and which re- 
 vealed the tenderness of his love. He said : — 
 
 "Not many months ago I hugged a tree. Pardon the 
 egotism that recites how it was. 
 
 *'It was night, and I was approaching the old home. I 
 was hurrying to one whose bedside I shall never approach 
 again until I lie beside her in the churchyard. Turning into 
 the woods on the left, and eagerly pushing onward by an 
 old path, I found myself in a large open field. A flock of 
 quails rising out of the rank clover flew away into the dark- 
 ness. Passing by a tree over whose roots I had often tossed 
 the plow in my boyhood, I went up to it, put my arms 
 around it, and hugged it with genuine friendship. I looked 
 down upon the ground ; I looked up to the stars ; I turned 
 my ear to the silent farm-house to catch, perhaps, the sound 
 of human voice, or even of baying dog or lowing herd ; and, 
 as there rushed across my mind the flood of thronging 
 memories, the fountains of feeling were broken up and 
 welled forth in tears." 
 
 It is quite possible that there is room for a difference of 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870- 1882. 215 
 
 judgment among those' who were brought into contact with 
 Mr. Hinsdale in their estimate of him as a preacher, of his 
 social qualities, and his religious influence ; but there can be 
 no dispute as to his eminence as an educator. This became 
 at last the chosen field for his intellectual enginery and the 
 field whereon he fairly won a place among the very best. 
 To so great a height did he rise in this field that It may 
 rightfully be claimed for him that but few were his equals 
 and none his superiors among American educators. What- 
 ever limitations there were in other departments of his life, 
 in this department there seemed to be no limitations, save 
 those of time and opportunity. His career as an educator 
 began when he became President of Hiram College. The 
 manner in which he handled the educational interests of the 
 College brought him into prominence among the teachers, 
 and friends of higher education in Ohio, and he was called 
 on far and near for addresses to Councils of teachers, 
 Associations of educators, and Associations of preachers 
 before whom he stood in the exalted character of a 
 pedagogue. During this period he was a large contrib- 
 utor to the volume of religious literature. He wrote largely 
 for the Christian Standard of which Isaac Errett was ed- 
 itor, and for the Christian Quarterly conducted by Wm. T. 
 Moore. He never ceased to be a valuable contributor to the 
 religious journals published by the Disciples of Christ, 
 though in his later years he confined his literary contribu- 
 tions to the Christian Evangelist, and these contributions 
 were mostly of a pedagogical character. He was a pamph- 
 leteer of unusual fecundity. A large part of his public ad- 
 dresses biographical, historical or literary were issued in 
 this form, and he was prodigal in his distribution of them 
 among his appreciative friends. 
 
 His earliest books were on religious subjects. His first 
 
3l6 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 book on "The Genuineness and Authenticity of the Gospels" 
 was pubHshed in 1872. This was followed in 1878 by "The 
 Jewish Christian Church," and in 1879 by "Ecclesiastical 
 Tradition." In 1880 he prepared at the request of Mr. Gar- 
 field and the Republican National Committee, "The Repub- 
 lican Text Book for the Campaign of 1880." In 1881 he 
 published the Hiram College Memorial, "President Garfield 
 and Education." In 1882 he edited very satisfactorily "The 
 Works of James Abram Garfield." Other books published 
 by him after he left Hiram are "History and Civil Govern- 
 ment of Ohio;" "The American Government;" "Schools 
 and Studies;" "Training for Citizenship and Suggestions 
 for the Teaching of Civics;" "The Old Northwest" . in 
 1888; "Jesus as a Teacher;" "How to Study and Teach His- 
 tory ;" "Teaching the Language Arts ;" "Studies in Educa- 
 tion;" "Horace Mann and the Common School Revival in 
 the United States ;" and "The Art of Study" in 1900 his lat- 
 est volume. He was also preparing an elaborate History of 
 the University of Michigan for the great series of college 
 histories called "Universities and Their Sons" which was 
 not completed at the time of his death. 
 
 On leaving Hiram College he was elected Superintend- 
 ent of Public Schools in Cleveland, O., which position he 
 held from 1882 to 1886. In 1888 he was elected to the 
 Chair of the Science and Art of Teaching in the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan which place he held to the close of his life. 
 He was a member in high repute of educational associations 
 both State and National, and served as President of many 
 of them. 
 
 He received numerous literary degrees from colleges 
 and universities though in the regular course he was not 
 the graduate of any. Bethany and Williams Colleges con- 
 ferred on him the Degree of A. M., ; Ohio State University 
 
COLLEGE FACULTY IN 1900. 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's ADMINISTRATION, 1870-1882. 217 
 
 the Degree of Ph. D. ; Ohio University and Hiram College 
 conferred on him the Degree of LL. D. One of the last 
 acts of the Trustees of Hiram College in recognition of his 
 high standing and worthy life was at its June session in 
 1900 to confer this degree, only conferred on two or three 
 others in its entire history, as a College ; and one of the last 
 addresses of Mr. Hinsdale before his work was done was to 
 recall the memories of the Eclectic Institute which gave him 
 an impulse and helped him to reach the height on which he 
 had long stood a worthy man, a good citizen, and an ac- 
 complished scholar and distinguished teacher of his fellow- 
 men. No one who heard his address at Hiram June 22, 
 1900, will ever forget it. As he spoke of the comrades of 
 the early Hiram fellowship who had recently crossed to the 
 ''other side," his voice had a tenderness of tone that re- 
 vealed his heart, and his words a pathos that lingers like a 
 benediction from a loving father who is about to depart on 
 a journey from whence he will not return. How beautiful 
 are these words descriptive of Hiram scenery: ''Seeing is 
 believing; and with all the changes that time has wrought, 
 the landscape is still the same. The woodlands have become 
 fev^er and smaller in area, while the fields have expanded ; 
 but then, as now, verdure clothed the hills and the valleys in 
 the spring time, while the chestnuts yellowed, the oaks and 
 ashes browned, the sassafras and the pepperidges reddened, 
 and the maples burst into scarlet and gold, as they have done 
 in the autumn for fifty succeeding years. The whippoorwill 
 sang in the woodside at evening then as he sings now." 
 Others have done much to make Hiram what it is today and 
 without their help it could not have been, and it would not 
 be what it is ; but take the Institution as it was in 1870, it 
 is not to the disparagement of any others to say that Hiram 
 College owes more to B. A. Hinsdale for its high rank as 
 
2l8 
 
 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 an Educational Institution than to any other man. To this 
 end he bent his life and he succeeded; and the history of 
 Hiram will never get old or mean, so long as the impulses 
 which he generated in her behalf, and the machinery of 
 which he was a controlling force, remain. His death No- 
 vember 29, 1900, was a shock to all of his friends and co- 
 laborers in church and school, not many of whom had even 
 heard of his sickness. 
 
 The first Faculty that President Hins- 
 
 President ^^^^ gathered about him was a strong 
 
 Hinsdale's first one. Isaac N. Demmon was Professor 
 
 Faculty. of the Greek and Latin Languages and 
 
 Literatures. He is now a distinguished. 
 Professor in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. 
 
 Isaac Newton Demmon was born in Northfield, Sum- 
 mit County, O., August 19, 1842. He was the oldest of a 
 
 family of nine children. His father, 
 Isaac N. T J T\ . , 
 
 Demmon. Leonard Demmon, was a native of Mas- 
 
 sachusetts. In 1884 the family removed 
 to Noble County, Indiana, and settled near the present vil- 
 lage of Kendallville. 
 
 Isaac acquired the rudiments of education at home, 
 learning to read, write, and cipher before there was any 
 school opened within his reach. When he was seven years 
 old a district school was established near his home which 
 he attended. At the age of eleven he was sent to a "select 
 school" at Kendallville. For several years he attended this 
 village school, and for several more he taught district 
 schools in the vicinity of his home. 
 
 At the age of 21 he matriculated at the North- Western 
 Christian University, now Butler College, at Irvington, In- 
 diana. In 1864 he enlisted in the Union Army and went 
 with his company to Stephenson, Alabama. In 1865 he en- 
 
B. A. HINSDALE'S ADMINISTRATION, 187O-1883. 210 
 
 tered the University of Michigan and graduated with the 
 class of 1868. That class consisted of 54 men and was the 
 largest and one of the strongest ever graduated up to that 
 time. In the fall of 1868 he was elected to the professorship 
 of Greek in Alliance College where he served two years 
 with Dr. Isaac Errett, President, and Professor A. R. Ben- 
 ton of Butler College, B. A. Hinsdale and others. In 1870 
 he accepted the chair of Ancient Languages in Hiram Col- 
 lege under President Hinsdale. 
 
 In i872-'73 he was an instructor of Mathematics in the 
 University of Michigan. The three following years he was 
 Principal of the Ann Arbor High School. In 1876 he was 
 again in the University as Assistant Professor of English 
 Language and Literature, and History. On the resigna- 
 tion of Prof. M. C. Tyler in 1881 Prof. Demmon succeeded 
 to the vacant chair, which he has since held with the title 
 of Professor of English and Rhetoric. For this important 
 chair he has a peculiar fitness. His range of study has been 
 broad, and his experience as a teacher varied. "He has the 
 literary sense, justness of perception, catholic appreciation, 
 correctness of taste, and a sympathetic power of interpret- 
 ing authors of very divergent qualities." 
 
 He has received academic degrees: A. B., University 
 of Michigan, 1868 A. M., (ibed) 1871 ; and LL. D., Uni- 
 versity of Nashville, 1896. He is a man of high character, 
 a genial companion, a scholar in the first rank, an able pro- 
 fessor, and an accomplished teacher. His stay in Hiram 
 was brief but honorable ; and the paragraph which he fills 
 in Hiram history is bright with the foregleams of the great 
 success which now crowns and adorns his life. 
 
 Wilson S. Atkinson was Professor of Mathematics and 
 Astronomy. He was a strong man in his department but 
 failing health compelled his retirement in 1875. On receiv- 
 
220 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ing his resignation the Board of Trustees 
 Wilson S. ''Resolved, That we accept with sincere 
 
 regret the resignation of Professor W. S. 
 Atkinson, an act to which he has been reluctantly brought 
 by the protracted prostration of his health; that during his 
 occupancy for the period of four years, of the Chair of 
 Mathematics and Astronomy, to the full satisfaction of the 
 Board, he has proved himself in all respects an instructor 
 and a disciplinarian in his department; of superior skill and 
 ability, and, also, a gentleman, who has secured for himself 
 our sincerest respect ; that we deeply sympathize with him in 
 the continued frailty of his health, in the disappointment of 
 the cherished purposes of his life, and also with his family 
 in their present trying situation ; that this action of the 
 Board be communicated to Professor Atkinson, and entered 
 on our records." 
 
 Edmund B. Wakefield was Professor of Natural Sci- 
 ences. The entrance of Professor Wakefield into this Fac- 
 ulty was the beginning of his distinguished career as an 
 educator. In 1873 he resigned from the 
 Edmund B. Faculty and for a number of years de- 
 
 voted himself to preaching and pastoral 
 work. In this field he achieved distinction and success. In 
 1890 he was elected to the chair of Political Science and 
 Biblical Theology and still holds a high place in the Fac- 
 ulty of Hiram College. Of a genial temperament and easily 
 approachable, a virile thinker, a courteous gentleman, with 
 a dignity before students and people that always commands 
 respect, he is a favorite with all. 
 
 Osmer C. Hill was Principal of the 
 Osmer C. Hill. Commercial and Chirographic Depart- 
 ments. 
 
 A. J. Squire, M. D., was Lecturer on 
 A. J. Squire. Chemistry and Physiology. 
 
B. A. HINSDALE'S ADMINISTRATION, 1870-1882. 22 1 
 
 Miss Ellen Miss Ellen Jackson was the Principal 
 
 Jackson. of the Ladies' Department. 
 
 Orlo C. Hubbell taught German, Grove E. Barber 
 
 taught Latin, Sutton E. Young in the English Department, 
 
 George H. Colton in the Scientific Department, and Mrs. J. 
 
 C. Ellis was teacher of Instrumental Music. 
 
 In 1872 the Faculty was somewhat changed. Teachers 
 Barber, Young and Colton dropped out and Mrs. Marietta 
 Cuscaden succeeded Miss Jackson as Principal of the La- 
 dies' Department. The Board of Trus- 
 tees recognized the merit of these young 
 men and placed on record "the thanks of the Board" for 
 "the able and faithful manner in which they had discharged 
 the duties of assistant teachers during the year;" and of 
 Miss Jackson the Board said: "We tender to Miss Jackson 
 our appreciation of the ability and devotion she has evinced 
 in discharging the duties incident to her office, and of her 
 character as a Christian lady." 
 
 1373 In 1873 Orlo C. Hubbell was succeeded 
 
 Mrs. Mary E. by Mrs. Mary E. Hinsdale as teacher of 
 Hinsdale. German. 
 
 In 1874 Professor Wakefield was suc- 
 
 1874. ceeded in the Chair of the Natural Sci- 
 
 George H. ences by George H. Colton, a chair he has 
 
 Colton. filled with eminent ability to the present 
 
 time. 
 Professor Colton was born in Nelson, Portage County, 
 O., October lo, 1848. His parentage was of good New 
 England stock. His boyhood years were spent on the farm, 
 where he was a close observer of the habits and characteris- 
 tics of plants and animals. Outside of his home his educa- 
 tion began in the "old fashioned district school" where the 
 scholars were never graded or grouped, and where the 
 
232 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 teacher always ''boarded around." From the district school 
 he entered Nelson Academy, where he prepared himself to 
 enter college. In the fall of 1867 he entered Hiram Col- 
 lege. He graduated in 1871, receiving the Degree of B. S., 
 and in course received the Master's Degree. In 1892 the 
 Board conferred the Degree of Ph. D. on Professor Colton, 
 Magna Cum Laude, After his graduation at Hiram he took 
 a special course in civil engineering and science in the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan. In June, 1872, he was a member of 
 the engineer corps of the Cuyahoga Valley Railroad, and 
 aided in the location and construction of that line. In 1873 
 he was promoted to the position of Division Engineer, and 
 had charge of a part of the road under construction. In the 
 fall of 1873 he resigned his position to accept the chair of 
 the Natural Sciences in Hiram College, a position he has 
 held continuously ever since. In 1883 he was elected Treas- 
 urer of Hiram College, a position he has held with eminent 
 ability to the present time. In 1886 when the main building 
 was enlarged he had charge of the funds and "so satisfac- 
 torily did he perform his duties, that the building commit- 
 tee, in token of their appreciation, presented to him a hand- 
 some gold watch and chain." 
 
 In his department Professor Colton is a superior teach- 
 er. He bears an honorable character, and his genial and 
 even temper, and his marked mental ability, and his wide 
 knowledge of men and subjects for study, make him not 
 only a professor of the first rank but also, a desirable com- 
 panion. 
 
 In 1875 there were no changes in the 
 
 1875. T-, - 
 Faculty. 
 
 1876. In the catalogue of 1876 there were 
 Colman Bancroft. , , -n r a ..i • 
 
 Mrs. Phoebe B. several changes. Professor Atkmson 
 
 Clapp. was succeeded by Colman Bancroft as 
 
 Professor of Mathematics and Astron- 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 223 
 
 omy, and Mrs. Phbebe B. Clapp took the place of Professor 
 Hill as teacher of penmanship. 
 
 Professor Bancroft began his service in Hiram College 
 
 in the fall of 1875 and with the single interruption of 1879 
 
 to 1 88 1 he has served continuously to the present time. Pie 
 
 was born in Cattaraugus County, State 
 
 ro essor ^^ l<ltw York, in 1843, and spent his 
 
 Bancroft. ^^ ^ 
 
 early years on a farm. When he was 
 
 twelve years old he attended the Academy at Rushford, 
 New York, and afterward, Pike Seminary in the same state. 
 In 1865 he entered the University of Michigan where he 
 graduated with the class of 1869. In addition to his course 
 at the University he did extra work in French, Italian, 
 Chemistry and Mathematics. In 1870 he was Principal of 
 the High School at La Porte, Indiana. In 1871 he was Pro- 
 fessor in Alliance College and remained in that Institution 
 until its doors were closed. In 1875 he came to Hiram 
 where he still remains. Pie has always held a high rank in 
 the Faculty of Hiram College. He is thoroughly equipped 
 for his work and in his class room everything is thorough 
 and systematic. He is a man of many accomplishments, and 
 not least among them are the adornments of his Christian 
 character, modesty, sincerity, integrity and intelligence. 
 
 In 1877 Dr. A. J. Squire retired from 
 ^^^'^: the Faculty and Miss Lillie M. Stow took 
 
 g. * the place of Mrs. J. C. Ellis as teacher of 
 
 Instrumental Music for a year. 
 
 In 1878 the name of Arthur C. Pierson 
 
 1878. appears as Teacher of English Studies, 
 
 Arthur C. Pierson. dropping out in 1879 and re-appearing in 
 
 1880. 
 
 Arthur Chester Pierson was born in Keosauqua, Iowa, 
 
 May 20, 1852, and died in Ravenna, Ohio, June 15, 1900. 
 
224 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 At the time of his death he was Professor of English Liter- 
 ature and Psychology in Hiram College, 
 
 Sketch of ^^^ ^o^ th^ fi^st time in its history his 
 
 Arthur Chester death broke the active teaching force of 
 
 Pierson. the college. He had also begmi the writ- 
 
 ing of the History of the College of which 
 his own memorial sketch is now a part. On the day of his 
 burial Prof. E. B. Wakefield, his associate in the Faculty 
 and a life-long friend pronounced the memorial discourse. 
 He so accurately voiced the facts in regard to Prof. Pierson 
 that what he said in large part forms the body of this sketch : 
 
 For the first time in its history has the active teaching 
 force of Hiram College been broken in upon by death. Ana 
 the first stroke has fallen well to the center of the group. 
 What the passing of this life meant to those who have so 
 long shared in its anxious toils and its inspiring hopes, I 
 have no words to tell. Arthur C. Pierson was born in Keo- 
 sauqua, la., May 20, 1852. While he was an infant his par- 
 ents removed to the Pacific coast. Of his life here, espe- 
 cially of his later years in San Francisco, he had vivid mem- 
 ories, as those who have read his occasional sketches, or 
 listened to his lecture on "The Golden Gate," will well re- 
 member. 
 
 At the age of thirteen he was left an orphan, homeless, 
 penniless, almost friendless, in a land at that time very far 
 off. But a kind Providence brought him to the home of an 
 uncle in York County, Pa. In later years he expressed grat- 
 itude for this passage of his life. He toiled on a farm, he 
 acquired a love for its homely and substantial virtues which 
 he never got over; he felt as many another has, that no 
 other home introduces one so well to the fundamental and 
 unperverted facts that concern our human existence. 
 
 In early manhood young Pierson found himself a stu- 
 dent and a graduate of the Normal School at Ada, O. He 
 heard the preaching of the gospel under William Dowling 
 (whose memory he always tenderly revered), and the re- 
 sult of that preaching was natural, and, of course, far-reach- 
 in<?-. Henceforth his Christian faith was the main fact, and 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 225 
 
 the great shaping force of his life. Early in 1876 he came 
 to Hiram, and in 1879 he was graduated. From the first he 
 loved the college ; he found associations such as he was hun- 
 gry for ; he wished them never to be broken off. And now 
 his wish is gratified. They never will be broken. For three 
 years after graduation he was a tutor in the college. Then 
 he was made a full professor in the chair of rhetoric and 
 English literature ; and this place, excepting one year's ab- 
 sence on leave, he filled until he bade farewell to all of 
 earth. 
 
 In reviewing the past twenty years of this life, one is 
 struck with the prodigious amount of work that he has done. 
 He has taught incessantly in the classroom ; he has preached, 
 as a rule, every Sunday ; he has held meetings, and assisted 
 in teachers' institutes, and delivered lectures and addresses 
 of various character, almost without number. Besides all 
 this, he has written extensively, and in his writing he dis- 
 played such aptness and real ability that we mourn today, 
 and can scarce be comforted, that the limitations of life for- 
 bade his ever showing his full power to the world. 
 
 No man connected with the college has ever done so 
 much work in the region that immediately environs us. He 
 has carried the loftiest ideals of life, in their best forms of 
 expression, into scores and scores of communities. Men 
 have long said he was an ''exceedingly valuable man." But 
 how valuable he was will be better understood now, when 
 we try to fill the place where he stood so long. And this 
 leads me to say that there are some people in the world that 
 can readily be spared ; there are plenty to fill their places. 
 The man who fills high place in state may fall, and a thous- 
 and aspirants, with all their partisans, will mourn only in 
 public. The man who sits environed with wealth may de- 
 part, and the world be as well off, and his successors be glad. 
 But when a man who is inspired and compensated from his 
 own heart, has carried light where there was darkness, and 
 comfort v/here there was sorrow, and made his life a living 
 sacrifice — when such a man is called away, the world misses 
 him; and for him remains the sweetest incense earth can 
 pay — the holy tears of grieving gratitude. 
 
 One of the most striking features of Professor Pier- 
 
226 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 son's life was his generosity; perhaps I had better say, his 
 unselfishness. He gave away of his time and money up to 
 his ability, and sometimes beyond. In the college no pro- 
 fessor was so ready to take on extra work. Indeed, some- 
 times it seemed impossible to load him down. If called to 
 outside work, it was always understood that, if possible, 
 he would say "Yes." When sometimes an appointment 
 came due when he was overwhelmed with work, he would 
 declare that he never would make such a promise again. 
 But he would — the very first time that another call came? 
 
 And here we have the end of it ! Aged forty-eight, in 
 the very prime of a splendid manhood, and he is gone. He 
 literally gave his life away. But, after all, amid all our 
 grief, I don't know as we should have it changed. 
 
 In intellectual life one of his weak points was closely 
 allied to a strong one. He had a name for being absent- 
 minded ; and while there have been joking exaggerations, 
 there was a good measure of truth in it. But his absent- 
 mindedness never came from vacancy of mind. He had 
 great power of abstraction, and he would lose himself — 
 sometimes inopportunely, of course — in a train of absorb- 
 ing thought. But when his abstraction met the occasion, it 
 gave him great power. His teaching was not equal, but 
 when he could readily give himself to the subject he taught 
 with surpassing excellence. In his sermons, when he really 
 lost himself in his theme, he would often clothe lofty and 
 symmetrical thought with a beauty of expression that few 
 can attain to. I have often thought that his mind showed 
 itself most truly in his prayers. Bowing in the presence of 
 the Invisible with him compelled abstraction, and often 
 there was a child-like devotion and a beauty of diction that 
 concealed its very excellence by its excellence. 
 
 As a preacher. Professor Pierson was not given to doc- 
 trinal argument, nor was he famed for exhortation; al- 
 though he knew sound doctrine, and on occasion could make 
 effective appeals. But he was good at drawing lessons from 
 the Bible and applying them to life. His preaching was, in 
 the nobler sense, rational and practical. He had no art for 
 making compromises, and he could never try to be sensa- 
 tional. But every community loved to hear him preach, and 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1S82. 327 
 
 churches usually built up under his ministry, even if he was 
 only a ''Sunday pastor." 
 
 One secret of his strength in the ministry I am sure is 
 not fully understood. He had a faith in Christ and his gos- 
 pel that was really as childlike and unquestioning as I have 
 ever known. Doubt seemed utterly foreign to his nature, 
 and the great characters of the Bible were living verities to 
 him. And right here let me say that he was a most guile- 
 less man. To conceive of him engaging in any plot to in- 
 jure another, or to get underhand gain, would be to think 
 the unthinkable. If he had ever anger or ill will toward an- 
 other, he could not hold it. It would evaporate like dew 
 when the summer sun has risen, and leave no more, trace be- 
 hind. I have heard him mourn over the limitations of his 
 life, and his failure to realize his ideals, but I never heard 
 him speak bitterly of any one, or disclose anything like mal- 
 ice rankling in his heart. 
 
 He was a good companion to have wholly to one's self. 
 He was greatly at home in the whole range of English liter- 
 ature ; and, when really aroused, it surprised one to find 
 what extensive passages of it he had at his command. When 
 some happy theme was struck, even if wandering in leafy 
 groves far from all books, you might hear "readings from 
 the authors" till it almost seemed that memory was inspired. 
 Of late his mind has greatly centered on the history of the 
 college which he was appointed to write. As he worked 
 upon it, it seemed as though the dreams of earlier days had 
 come back. He would do at length a work with solid lit- 
 erary merit ; he hoped, he said, to make it a monument to his 
 memory. Alas ! it stands like many another fondly cher- 
 ished plan — a broken shaft above a grave. 
 
 But of all themes that to which his mind would most 
 surely turn concerned the Christian faith. The burden of 
 churches was always upon him, and he thought unceasingly 
 upon their welfare. He studied with sincere concern the 
 great struggle that goes on to establish or destroy the king- 
 dom of God on earth. To him, he once said, the struggle 
 to make the faith in Christ triumphant, was like the struggle 
 of the patriot to save his country — his home and altar and 
 heart and hope, were all dependent on it. His convictions 
 
228 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 were deep, and they held with remarkable firmness. There 
 might be waves on the surface, but his soul had depths 
 where changeful storms had small effect and wrathful bil- 
 lows never rolled. 
 
 ■ There are some lives that face so many adversities, and 
 move on against such cruel headwinds, that the whole voy- 
 age grows heroic and pathetic. No gilded caraval, no 
 flowery beds of ease, bore this life. Alone, through years 
 of utter poverty, the boy fought his own way to cultured 
 manhood. His married life v;as broken by death, and long 
 sickness and death again. Through years of heart-break- 
 ing burden he still went with high purpose on. And he has 
 fallen still in the front of life's battle, with his face full 
 front to duty. His life honors all who walked beside him. 
 To his stricken wife and his orphaned children he has left 
 the best heritage a man ever leaves — a name unsullied by 
 dishonor, and a memory dearly loved. 
 
 His last hours were a fitting and natural close to the 
 life he had lived. Through bitter pain he was called sud- 
 denly to face the ending of every earthly hope, and every 
 fond and familiar association. And he was not dismayed, 
 he was not unmanned, he was all himself. He calmly ar- 
 ranged his earthly affairs. He said he had the dread of dis- 
 solution and separation from friends natural to man, and 
 yet he did not fear to die. And then 
 
 "Beyond our voice and sight 
 He drifted out.'' 
 O my brother ! It dazes my brain and rends my heart to 
 speak these words over your* cold form. And yet it com- 
 forts me. We have sometimes talked of what the passage 
 from this life to the other meant. In higher or in lower 
 sense we found no vision of the great transition. But we 
 did trust, in the "vague beyond," to find One who once 
 walked lovingly with men ; and on that hope we rested. Now 
 you behold with open vision, and we, too, shall soon behold 
 
 what you beheld. r i a .u 
 
 In our chapel, not long ago, in speakmg of the death 
 of one of our former teachers, he quoted a passage from 
 the poet, wherein the death of a good man is likened to the 
 going down of the sun. As, when the sun has gone, the 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's ADMINISTRATION, iS'7o-iSS2. 329 
 
 golden snnsct lingers, so the departing life leaves golden 
 memories gleaming in the westward sky. Bnt the elonds 
 are golden because the sun still shines, indeed, it seems to 
 me utterly true that moral goodness and love do not belong 
 to things that die. Our friend has gone from our siglu^, 
 but love grown more tender, and memories hallowed, linger ; 
 and that they linger is assurance that in immortal scenes] 
 beneath a fairer sky, he still lives on. 
 
 We lay down such a life as this as soldiers do their 
 dead upon the hard- fought battlefield — with a proud sorrow 
 and exultant grief. We miss our comrade, but he fought 
 well. He was wounded in the conflict, but he stood fast to 
 the end, and did not falter. The march was long and rough, 
 and his feet grew weary, but he finished it. Clouds rofled' 
 until the way was dark sometimes, but he kept his faith. 
 Now the march and the battle are all over, and the crowning 
 time has come. It is death that sets the seal to victory in 
 life. If truth and honor and pure fidelity be kept until this 
 hour, they are kept forever. 
 
 And so today, like Evangeline — only with far mor- 
 reason, after all the faithful years, in view of all we ha^'c 
 had and all that we hold — we can clasp our dead to oiu* 
 hearts, and say, ''Father, we thank thee." 
 
 1879. In 1879 C. D. Uubbell and Miss Alpl;,:i 
 
 C. D. Hubbell. A. "no3mton were teachers of English 
 
 AlphaA.Boynton. Studies, and Louis C. Force a special 
 
 Louis C. Force. <. t r r^t 
 
 teacher of Elocution. 
 
 jggQ In 1880 Miss Mary B. Jewett became 
 
 Miss Mai-y B. Wncipal of the Ladies Department, wid 
 
 Jewett. Professor of Modern Languages; !Mcd 
 
 Fred A. Niles. A. Niles was teacher of Penmanshi]) :md 
 
 H.M.Stone. Bookkeeping; and H. M, Store '.vas 
 
 teacher of English Studies. 
 
 ^^^■^' In i88t Charles F. Schovanck taught 
 
 ToorgeA. Penmanship and Bookkeeplnr, and 
 
 Peckham. r^ a t~> 1 1 1 1 • i'"* 
 
 Charle F ^^corge A. I^eckham began his long ser- 
 
 Schovanek ^^^^ ^" ^^^^ College as Professor of Math- 
 
 ematics and Astronomy. 
 
230 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 George A. Peckham was born in Akron, O., July 17, 
 185 1, and is the oldest of four children in his father's fam- 
 ily. His father is a Connecticut Yankee, and his mother 
 of the best of Pennsylvania stock, her ancestry embracing 
 some of the best families of Holland. Plis first school ex- 
 periences were in the public schools of his native city. Pie 
 was naturally studious and his progress was rapid. Pie 
 came to Hiram as a student in 1869, and began the study 
 of Latin. The year 1870 he spent in Bethany College. At 
 the opening of Buchtel College in 1872 he entered in its 
 classical course and graduated in the class of 1875, in the 
 meantime doing a year of extra work in both Latin and 
 Greek. He remained after his graduation, for two years as 
 a teacher in Buchtel. 
 
 November i, 1877, he was ordained to the ministry and 
 located with the Disciple Church in Granger, Medina 
 County, O., where he remained for one year. In 1878 he 
 accepted a call to the chair of Ancient Languages in Buch- 
 tel College, which place he held with rapidly growing dis- 
 tinction until he entered Hiram in 1880. Since his ordina- 
 tion in 1877 he has preached with more or less regularity 
 to the present time. His sermons are scholarly and sound, 
 but his throne is not the pulpit but the professor's chair. 
 Here he is perfectly at ease and his will is imperious. He 
 is a linguist of high rank having few equals and fewer su- 
 periors. He is a diligent student and a discriminating 
 thinker. He makes no parade of his learning, but the sons 
 of many countries could speak with him in their mother 
 tongue, with ease and pleasure. 
 
 As a Christian man his character is unstained by fault 
 or foible ; as a friend he is honorable and faithful ; and as a 
 companion always cheerful and agreeable. At its June meet- 
 ing in 1900 the Board of Trustees of Hiram College con- 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870- 1882. 2 
 
 o 
 
 ferred on him the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Magna 
 mm laude. 
 
 In 1882 Mahlon H. Wilson became 
 
 1882. teacher of Penmanship and Bookkeeping, 
 
 Mahlon H.Wilson. , . ^^ ,,^, , . ^ 
 
 Anna M. Wing. ^"^ Anna M. Wmg teacher of Instru- 
 mental Music. 
 Thus twenty-two different persons served in the Fac- 
 ulty of President Hinsdale during his administration of 
 twelve years ; but it will be observed that the changes were 
 mainly in the subordinate departments of the College. The 
 idea of permanency was being emphasized by the continu- 
 ous service of those who were elected to professor's chairs. 
 A College Faculty was being created that could not be 
 changed except for extraordinary reasons. In his effort to 
 secure this condition the President of the College had the 
 cordial support of the Board of Trustees. At a meeting of 
 the Board in May, 1871, the following resolution was adopt- 
 ed : "That the arrangement made by the Board vv^ith the 
 present Faculty in July, 1870, be continued hereafter 
 as a permanent arrangement for management and instruc- 
 tion in the College." 
 
 President Hinsdale on entering upon the presidency of 
 Hiram College chose for his inaugural address "The Secu- 
 larization of Learning," in which he stated with consider- 
 able emphasis what he considered neces- 
 President ^^^J ^^ ^ course of college study. This 
 
 Hinsdale's address can be found in full in the vol- 
 
 Inaugural Address, ume "Schools and Studies" which he 
 issued in 1884. Only his analysis and 
 summary are given here. After an extensive argument as 
 to the relative value of the classics and the sciences for the 
 purposes of liberal study he said : "Separate and apart from 
 all arguments, we have here the best of reasons for includ- 
 
232 HISTORY OF H}RAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ing the classics in a liberal curriculum — they are the best 
 breaking-in studies. At the same time they cover only a 
 small part of the whole educational field. The mathematics, 
 the sciences of nature and man, the modern languages, have 
 each a place, and a place that the classics cannot fill. No 
 wise educator will attempt to fit the modern mind to any 
 single curriculum. My claim is that these languages and 
 literatures are invaluable in their own place. They should, 
 moreover, be studied according to modern methods and in 
 the modern spirit, and should be combined with a judicious 
 selection of other studies. At this point educational con- 
 servatism has already been compelled to yield ground, and 
 to find room for studies that the mere classicist cannot bring 
 himself rightly to value. Some of these studies may be set 
 down in this place. 
 
 I — Such books of history and geography as will give 
 a knowledge of the world of today. 
 
 2 — More work should be done in political or govern- 
 mental science. In Europe, where the citizen has but small 
 share in the conducting of State affairs, it is not surprising 
 that little or no attention should be paid to political science, 
 save in its higher speculative phases; but in the United 
 States, where the people govern, where at stated periods all 
 political power returns to their hands, it is astonishing that 
 the schools deal so little with the duties of citizenship. The 
 result of this neglect is that a majority of our citizens are 
 ignorant, not only of political science in general, but, what 
 is worse, of the nature and working of our own political in- 
 stitutions. I am not now referring to such political edu- 
 cation as can be gained from partisan newspapers or party 
 platforms. I mean a well-grounded knowledge of the na- 
 ture and history of our constitutions and lavv^s. Above all, 
 every American boy should be so familiar with American 
 
COLLEGE FACULTY IN 1900. 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 233 
 
 history as to be thoroughly ahve with the American spirit. 
 
 3 — Something more should be done for those studies 
 which relate to the physical and spiritual nature of man, — 
 those studies which together make up a science of humanity. 
 Here we meet the sciences of anatomy and physiology upon 
 the one hand, and those of mental and moral science upon 
 the other. The last have indeed long been prominent; the 
 others are now compelling a recognition. 
 
 4 — Larger room should be found for our own incom- 
 parable English language and literature. I have spoken of 
 various educational facilities and instruments to which the 
 old scholars and teachers had no access. Here is one of 
 them. Here is enough material to make a very thorough 
 course of literary study, — poetry and oratory, history and 
 philosophy, science and theology, wit and wisdom. 
 
 The extension of education has led to another demand 
 which must be briefly considered, namely, — the demand for 
 what is called 'practical education.' Now I approve of an 
 education that is really practical, and I approve of no other. 
 The merits of the question hinge on the meaning of the 
 term. In popular estimation it means an education that is 
 cheap, an education that is speedily obtained, an education 
 that soon begins to put money in the pocket, — in a word, it 
 means the 'bread and butter sciences,' and these taught in 
 a hasty, superficial manner. That such a demand as this 
 should exist is natural ; it is the inevitable result of the at- 
 tempt to educate the people. Education for the million 
 means cheap education, for the million cannot afford any 
 other; and, in the best sense, cheap education means poor, 
 or at least, meagre, education. This is all very well under- 
 stood. But the trouble comes in the attempt to make the 
 popular standard the measure of higher education. French 
 cannot be taught in twelve lessons, or Latin in two years; 
 
234 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 nor can a decent collegiate education be furnished when the 
 pupil is graduated in four years from the time that he leaves 
 the common school or the academy. Whenever a college 
 proposes to teach ten books of Homer in four or five months, 
 it is safe to conclude that something is wrong ; and when an 
 institution of any sort proposes to give what is called a 
 ^practical education/ and contemns the accepted methods 
 of mental discipline, it is safe to conclude that its managers 
 are more interested in getting the money of their pupils 
 than in. promoting their mental growth. The two great ele- 
 ments that enter into thorough mental training are time and 
 application; and without these such training is impossible. 
 An old Greek said: 'The gods sell everything for toil.* 
 Bacon's test in philosophy is the only one to apply to edu- 
 cation, — it is the test of utility, or of fruit. The popular 
 talk about 'practical education,' save in the case of the mil- 
 lion, is a piece of cant. All studies that develop mental 
 power and put the student in possession of valuable knowl- 
 edge, are practical, but the men who publish programmes 
 and courses of instruction that fit boys and girls for the 
 work of life over night are sciolists that ought not to be 
 countenanced. 
 
 Finally, it may fairly be said that the secularizing of 
 learning has brought up the question of woman's educa- 
 tion. For this reason, as well as for the reason that this 
 Institution is dedicated to co-education, I shall say a word 
 or two about this question. Hitherto girls have been edu- 
 cated with too exclusive attention to 'their sphere.' There 
 is no reason why girls should not have as broad, strong, 
 and thorough a general training as boys ; nor do I see any 
 reason why, to a great extent, it should not be the same 
 training. I do not indeed advise that as many girls as boys 
 should take a classical course of study; but a girl has as 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 235 
 
 good a claim as a boy to high mental cultivation. At the 
 same time, her education should have a shaping towards the 
 place in nature and in society that God has assigned her. 
 There are some things that men may profitably know which 
 it is almost criminal for a woman not to know. Many 
 topics lying in the field to which we are now brought are 
 tabooed in public discussion ; but I may close with a quota- 
 tion from Mr. Herbert Spencer that suggests more than it 
 says: When a mother is mourning over a first-born that 
 has sunk under the sequelae of scarlet fever ; when, perhaps, 
 a candid medical man has confirmed her suspicion that her 
 child would have recovered had not its system been en- 
 feebled by over-study; when she is prostrate under the 
 pangs of combined grief and remorse, — it is but a small con- 
 solation that she can read Dante in the original.' " 
 
 The financial condition of the College during President 
 Hinsdale's administration was exceedingly stringent. There 
 was but little income from endowment for there was but 
 
 little endowment, and the principal in- 
 
 The Financial come was from the receipts from students 
 
 Condition. for tuition. The Board would not allow 
 
 any debts to accumulate and the receipts 
 from tuition were compelled to bear the burden of expenses. 
 The financial struggle in the College was not altogether pe- 
 cuHar for the country during this period passed through one 
 of the most terrific financial crises in its history. The en- 
 tire receipts of the College for the twelve years of President 
 Hinsdale's administration did not average over seven thous- 
 and dollars a year; and out of this every expense must be 
 paid. As the President was obligated out of the annual ap- 
 propriation made by the Board, to pay the teachers and other 
 expenses, it often left a very small amount for his own com- 
 pensation. In his report for 1872 as President of the Col- 
 
336 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 lege he said: "It is well understood by 
 The President's the Board that the President has no regu- 
 Salarj. lar salary. The Board has for two years 
 
 appropriated five thousand five hundred 
 ($5,500) dollars per year to defray current expenses, and 
 the President has received what is left after all other items 
 of expenditure are paid. Last year his compensation v/as 
 $1,135.46; this year $1,056.46. It must be remarked, how- 
 ever, that no account is made of postage, stationery and or- 
 dinary traveling expenses, which together amount to a con- 
 siderable sum. If these items were aggregated and sub- 
 tracted from the nominal salary the real one would be some- 
 thing less than it appears to be. As I have consented to all 
 the arrangements of the Board thus far, I have no com- 
 plaint to offer touching the past. But I would respectfully 
 submit to the Board that $1,056.46 is an inadequate compen- 
 sation for the duties performed. I would further represent 
 that the Board should fix a definite salary for this office, or 
 officer, and not subject him to the humiliating consciousness 
 that his compensation is the leavings.'' 
 
 At the beginning of the College in 1867 Mr. W. J. Ford 
 had, as Financial Agent, received a promise of fifty thous- 
 and dollars from Mr. Robert Kerr of Marion, O., for endow- 
 ment purposes. This was the first large 
 Lathrop Cooley. sum ever promised to the perm.anent en- 
 dowment of the College. In 1870 La- 
 throp Cooley was employed as Financial Agent, a position 
 which he held for several years. Mr. Cooley was quite suc- 
 cessful in his work. Among the larger sums he received v,^as 
 seven thousand dollars from Mr. Thomas N. Fasten of 
 Hinckley, O. The proceeds of this sum were not immedi- 
 ately available to the college. Smaller sums were received 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1S82. 237 
 
 from various sources which aggregated a considerable sum. 
 The contrctCt with Mr. R.obert Kerr was m.odified so that 
 the College came into possession of thirty thousand dollars 
 of available funds from that source during this period. An 
 effort vvas also made to sell scholarships and to increase the 
 stock of the College vvdiich resulted in considerable success. 
 Mr. Cooley's wide acquaintance with the Disciple churches 
 of Northern Ohio, and high standing as a preacher among 
 them, enabled him to press the claims of Hiram as no one 
 else could. In becoming a preacher he did not lose his busi- 
 ness sagacity and this gave him great influence v/ith busi- 
 ness men. While the financial condition of the College did 
 not improve rapidly the business methods pursued by the 
 Board and all concerned were clear and clean. From year 
 to year a balance sheet of the College was presented show- 
 ing its resources and liabilities to date. One of them is 
 here given — that of June 8, 1881 — which represented the 
 College resources at the end of Mr. Hinsdale's administra- 
 tion: Real estate, $4,600; buildings, $17,500; tabernacle, 
 $1,500; boarding hall, $10,000; building improvements, 
 $2,312.16; furniture, $1,021 ; museum, $500; library, $1,000; 
 endowment, $50,000; and cash in hands of the Finance 
 Commiittee, $61.96, making a total of $88,495.12. 
 
 In June, 1879, Alanson Wilcox was employed as Finan- 
 cial Agent of the College, a position he held for several 
 years with marked ability and success. The reports which 
 he made to the Board and on record show 
 Alanson Wilcox, that he was vigilant and active in the in- 
 terests of the College. The "Ladies' Hall" 
 and "Tabernacle" were built and for these he had much 
 to do. 
 
 The annual reports of President Hinsdale to the Board 
 of Trustees reveal the condition of the College, his own anx- 
 
238 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ieties and desires, and the great difficul- 
 The ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ pathway of its progress. In 
 
 Annual Reports his address at Hiram June 22, 1900, he 
 of President spoke of the "gloom and thick darkness" 
 Hinsdale. -j^ which he strove to keep its ''lamp 
 
 trimmed and burning." To cheer the 
 students and in a measure Hft himself above the "gloom'' he 
 would recite stanzas of Ferguson's poem, the "Forging of 
 the Anchor," of which the following is one of the most ap- 
 propriate : 
 
 "Leap out, leap out, my masters ! leap out, and lay on load 1 
 Let's forge a goodly anchor — a bower thick and broad ; 
 For a heart of oak is hanging on every blow, I bode ; 
 And I see the good ship riding, all in a perilous road — 
 The low reef roaring on her lea ; the roll of ocean poured 
 From stem to stern, sea after sea; the main-mast by the 
 
 board ; 
 The bulwarks down ; the rudder gone ; the boats stove at 
 
 the chains; 
 But courage still, brave mariners — the bower yet remains ! 
 And not an inch to flinch he deigns — save when ye pitch sky 
 
 high ; 
 
 Then moves his head, as though he said, 'Fear nothing — 
 
 here am I !' " 
 
 In his report in 1872 President Hinsdale said : "I think 
 
 I am not mistaken in saying that the College is growing in 
 
 public confidence and favor. At the same time, however, I 
 
 do not look for any striking or rapid 
 
 1 879 o A 
 
 growth. There are probably few mem- 
 bers of the Board who appreciate the difficulty of building 
 up a college in Hiram. Our State is thickly strewn with 
 colleges and the number is constantly increasing. Graded 
 schools are springing up in every village; and young men 
 well qualified to teach them go out from our own halls to re- 
 ceive better salaries than we pay our professors. The place 
 is small, inconvenient of access, not a cheap place to live in. 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870- 1882. 239 
 
 destitute of social attractions and many conveniences. We 
 are rowing against wind and tide. Under the circumstances 
 nothing can keep up the reputation of the Institution but 
 good instruction and wise management. The Faculty are 
 doing their utmost to meet the demands upon them, which 
 none understand better than themselves." 
 
 Mr. Hinsdale's report in 1874 showed ''a large falling 
 off in the patronage of the Institution as compared with the 
 ^. previous year, and the diminished 
 
 * ' attendance was followed by a cor- 
 
 respondingly diminished income from tuitions." The 
 total outstanding obligations for that year for current 
 expenses were $3,234, to meet which the total resources 
 were $2,285. This condition of things gave the President 
 great anxiety, notwithstanding he could say: "The interior 
 history of the College for the year has been highly satisfac- 
 tory to the Faculty, and I believe to the great body of stu- 
 dents. In respect to devotion to work, discipline, moral tone, 
 etc., the behavior of our students has been all we have any 
 right to expect. In no previous year since my administra- 
 tion began have the results, all things considered, been so 
 satisfactory. By examining the catalogue the Board will 
 see that the falling off of students has been almost wholly 
 confined to the lower grades of study." 
 
 His report for 1875 was one of the most carefully pre- 
 pared of President Hinsdale's annual reports. In detail it 
 touched every point which to him seemed important. His 
 comprehensive grasp of College condi- 
 tions in Hiram and elsewhere was clear 
 and convincing. Among other conclusions to which he ar- 
 rived he said: "We cannot materially increase the number 
 of our students except in two ways : First, by enlarging our 
 college classes. This is greatly to be desired, but will be 
 found to be very difficult. It can only be done by elevating 
 the character of the College, at least in the popular estima- 
 tion. Second, that any considerable enlargement of our 
 
240 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 work must be in the field of common English, and High 
 School studies. Here, too, we are met by a difficulty, the 
 cost of our education. If this could be reduced a few dol- 
 lars per term, I am satisfied we could exhibit an increase of 
 students. Until that is done, I am satisfied we cannot expect 
 any material growth in that direction. If the business of 
 the country improves, all schools may expect to feel its re- 
 sults, and we with the rest; but no improvement in general 
 business can carry us to our former level." 
 
 Concerning himself he said : "During the last year I 
 have received unmistakable warnings that I cannot press 
 my pov/ers with safety any farther, nay, that I am now an 
 overworked man. I ought to be free to respond to occa- 
 sional calls from the churches, to go as I am able, here and 
 there. My estimate of my influence upon men, with whom 
 I am not immediately connected, is humble ; but I am san- 
 guine enough to think that, in this way, I could be of some 
 service to the College. What is more, I have some cher- 
 ished plans of literary labor that I am anxious to prosecute 
 to completion, which I can never do so long as I am over- 
 weighted as at present." 
 
 The year 1876 revealed no improvement and in the par- 
 ticular of patronage and tuition income was a depressing 
 one. The num.ber of students had de- 
 ^^^^' creased from 235 in 1875 to 179 in 1876, 
 
 and the receipts from $3,409," in 1875 to $2,208 in 1876. 
 These facts gave a gloomy tinge to the report of that year. 
 
 The report for 1877 was not more encouraging than 
 
 those that had immediately preceded it. The interior work 
 
 of the College had been good and the student life almost 
 
 unexceptionable. But the student body 
 
 ■^^'^^' had been reduced from 179 In 1876, to 
 
 137 in 1877, while the College receipts had decreased in the 
 
B. A HINSDALE'S ADMINISTRATION, 1870-1882. 24I 
 
 same time from.^ $2,208 to $2,058. The teachers had "had 
 only a mouthful of pay each during the year," and some of 
 them had been compelled to contract debts which were al- 
 ready becoming embarrassing. Of this condition of the 
 College President Hinsdale said: "In m.y opinion the Col- 
 lege is in a critical financial condition. V/hat shall be done, 
 if anything, the Board must determine. The closest econ- 
 omy has been practiced, and the expenditures for the year 
 have been kept considerably below the amount contemplated 
 by the Board. There can be no material reduction, unless 
 the whole scale of the Institution is cut down; that v/ould 
 involve the securing of a cheaper, and, therefore, a new Fac- 
 ulty. Whether that, even, would be financial wisdom in the 
 long run, is a question to determine. * * * * I have 
 only one thing more to present, and that is this : It seems to 
 me that there is a great want of public interest in Hiram. 
 The general public may be assumed to be as indifferent to 
 Hiram as to any other school ; but there is a body of people 
 who ought to feel more interest and responsibility than they 
 do. Of course, I mean the people who planted the Institu- 
 tion — The Disciples of Ohio. Whether anything can be 
 done to awaken more interest and a gfreater feelini^r of re- 
 sponsibility, perhaps the Board will do well to consider." 
 
 In 1878 there was a gleam of light through the clouds. 
 The patronage of the College had increased by a gain of 31 
 per cent, in different students, and the gain of cash tuition 
 receipts about 26 per cent. There was an 
 unusual warmth in the report for that 
 year and all concerned felt its influence. The position that 
 Hiram College held among similar institutions was consid- 
 ered creditable not so much on account of the large place 
 it filled as in the quality of the work it had done. Of this 
 President Hinsdale said : "Educational v/ork is very gener- 
 
242 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ally undervalued, especially when done on a small scale. 
 Large numbers and great sums are thought by the majority 
 of men to measure the value of educational work. I protest 
 against this standard as delusive and mischievous, and 
 affirm that the quality of what is done even more than the 
 quantity is to be considered. But even on the score of sta- 
 tistics our showing is not a mean one. The Institution at 
 Hiram became a College with the year 1867-8. Since then 
 there have been enrolled on her catalogues 121 preparatory 
 students, 124 freshmen, 104 sophomores, 57 juniors, and 47 
 seniors. The grand enrollment counting by years has been 
 2,719, or an average of 247 per year. How many different 
 students there have been in the eleven years cannot be told 
 without more labor than I can give to the subject." 
 
 In 1879 the outlook was not so hopeful for the College, 
 and President Hinsdale was greatly discouraged and about 
 ready to give up. The attendance was growing less and the 
 deficits for current expenses were grow- 
 ing larger. The Board found it neces- 
 sary to still further reduce the teaching force and to cut the 
 salaries of the already overworked President and Professors 
 down to a sum which was a humiliation for them to accept. 
 The President's report for 1879 was as sharp as a surgeon's 
 scalpel. He reviewed the condition of the Institution from 
 its beginning in 1850 to the present and showed that the at- 
 tendance of students had gradually declined from 1853 
 when the attendance reached 529, to 1879 when there were 
 only 169. The Institution had been in existence for 28 years 
 counting to 1878. Dividing the 28 years into four equal 
 periods the average yearly attendance was as follows : 1850 
 to 1857, 4504-7; 1857 to 1864, 411 1-7; 1864 to 1871, 
 291 1-7; 1871 to 1878, 227. Concerning these figures Presi- 
 dent Hinsdale said : "When a school reaches its climax in 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 243 
 
 three years, when its average attendance the second seven 
 years is 39 less than the first seven, the third seven 120 less 
 than the second, and the fourth seven 64 less than the third, 
 it is idle to seek to explain the facts by referring them to ac- 
 cidental circumstances ; there is at work some persistent and 
 powerful tendency from first to last." He then proceeded 
 to give what, in his judgment, were the elements that had 
 produced this tendency: 
 
 1. "The unfortunate geographical location of the Col- 
 lege as things have turned out. 
 
 2. Unfortunate economic and social conditions at 
 Hiram. 
 
 3. The decay of interest on the part of the public, 
 especially the Disciple churches. 
 
 4. The enormous development of the common schools. 
 
 5. The decline of the rural population in the north- 
 eastern counties of Ohio. 
 
 6. The ever-increasing competition of academical and 
 colle^riate schools. 
 
 O 
 
 7. The relative failure of the school to keep up with 
 the times in mechanical equipment. The machinery for illus- 
 trative study at Hiram is no better than 25 years ago. With- 
 in that time, however, immense progress has been made all 
 around us. These forces have acted so powerfully and so 
 constantly that, had it not been for the devotion and sacri- 
 fice of a small number of persons, ere this Hiram would have 
 been a thing of the past. The forces that have acted since 
 1853, persistent as gravitation, will draw Hiram nearer and 
 nearer the earth unless something is done to counteract 
 them. Something must be done for Hiram or Hiram must 
 die ; at most it can do rio more than live on in a starved and 
 dwindling condition. To me after as profound attention as 
 I am capable of giving to any subject this is an incontro- 
 
244 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 vertible fact. If the name College could be dropped it 
 would be well; but probably it will be necessary to retain 
 that to hold the funds. A humble school with a cheap corps 
 of teachers could probably be kept up at Hiram for many 
 years ; but to think of supporting a College on $3,000 or 
 $4,000 a year is simply farcical. For nine years I have 
 worked with might and with main, making reasonable allow- 
 ances for human infirmity. I have done my best to make 
 good scholars at Hiram; to make good men and women of 
 our pupils ; and to give the College standing abroad. I can 
 do no more. I confess I am discouraged. The conscious- 
 ness that the work is becoming less on my hands, and that 
 I am often blamed as the cause of the decline, weighs on my 
 spirits. I could work on with heart and with hope, if I 
 could see a prospect of future enlargement. But unless I 
 can see some larger hope in Hiram than I have seen in the 
 last few years, then I must begin to lay my plans with refer- 
 ence to some other work." 
 
 In 1880 President Hinsdale's report was more hopeful. 
 Some improvements had been made in buildings begun, and 
 provisions made for the better accommodation of students. 
 
 The attendance had been increased by the 
 1880. addition of 40 students. "Putting all 
 
 things together, the outlook is to me 
 more hopeful than for many years. For obvious reasons 
 Hiram can never become a foremost name in educational 
 works, but I am sure that a general co-operation of its 
 friends would add considerably to its facilities, and add to 
 its patronage." 
 
 The report for 1 881 is hopeful. The attendance had not 
 sensibly diminished from the year before and the College 
 receipts had been somewhat larger. By the election of Mr. 
 
 Garfield as President of the United States 
 ^^^^' in 1880 the name of the College had un- 
 
 expectedly "become a foremost name in educational works" 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 245 
 
 and among educational institutions. A new boarding hall 
 had been completed and furnished and a commodious taber- 
 nacle had been built for the larger gatherings on the Hill. 
 
 In 1882 President Hinsdale made his last report as Pres- 
 ident of the College. He said : ''The College year nov/ clos- 
 ing has been a year of ordinary prosperity in all depart- 
 ments of our work. Upon the whole the 
 1882 . 
 
 impetus that was gained in 1880 has been 
 
 maintained, but no new one has been received. In respect 
 to instruction and discipline nothing in particular needs to 
 be said. The usual efforts have been made by students and 
 by instructors, and with the usual results." 
 
 On the question of "Accommodation for students," he 
 said : "There has been much talk about increasing the at- 
 tendance at Hiram. I would call the attention of the Board 
 to the fact that there is no room in Hiram for more students 
 than we have had for the last two or three years. With 
 150 students Hiram is full to her utmost capacity. I would 
 suggest that the Board consider the question whether they 
 can do anything themselves, or by stimulating private en- 
 terprise to improve the accomm^odations for students." 
 
 These paragraphs from the annual reports of President 
 
 Hinsdale reveal many facts concerning the inner life of 
 
 Hiram College during this period. Whether he probed to 
 
 the bottom of the case or not, he made an 
 
 What These honest effort to find the real difficulties 
 
 Reports Reveal. and manfully and fearlessly to meet them. 
 
 Though he did not reach the measure of 
 
 success he desired in bringing the Institution out of the 
 
 swaddling bands of the old Academy and clothing it with 
 
 the real garments of a College, yet he succeeded in laying 
 
 foundations, the strength of which is felt to this day. 
 
 At its meeting June 12, 1879, the Board of Trustees 
 
246 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 unanimously adopted the following reso- 
 A New lutions presented by a Committee on a 
 
 Boarding Hall. Boarding Hall consisting of C. E. Henry, 
 Harmon Austin, and Dr. W. S. Streator. 
 I "We would recommend the erection of a moderate- 
 sized building, the cost thereof not to exceed five thousand 
 dollars, suitable for enlargement. 
 
 2. That three thousand dollars of available funds in 
 the hands of the Finance Committee may be used for the 
 erection of said building, the sum to be refunded to the 
 Finance Committee from special subscriptions to this pur- 
 pose after the building is paid for. 
 
 3. That the money received from rental of rooms in 
 said building shall be first applied to the payment of interest 
 on the three thousand dollars. 
 
 4. That all notes or subscriptions now in the hands 
 of the College Treasurer be collected and applied as far as 
 practicable toward the building as a part of the three thous- 
 and dollars. 
 
 5. That vigorous efforts be made to raise at once by 
 subscription the requisite amount to pay the remaining two 
 thousand, and that there be no relaxation of effort until the 
 whole amount of the cost of the building is raised, and the 
 money advanced by the Finance Committee be returned to 
 them for investment." 
 
 The ladies of Hiram to the number of 45, through Mrs. 
 Hinsdale, Mrs. Hank, Mrs. Stanhope and Mrs. Ellis had 
 presented an earnest petition to the Board for the construc- 
 tion of a building "so built and furnished as to accommodate 
 a large Boarding Club, and also, have a certain number of 
 furnished rooms to rent to students." 
 
 They also promised that if the Board would "build or 
 cause to be built such a house, we will undertake to furnish 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870- 1882. 247 
 
 it from top to bottom with all appliances needed for its suc- 
 cessful management ; and we will appoint from our number 
 an Advisory Board to act with the College authorities in its 
 management after it is opened." 
 
 This was the beginning of what is now known in Hiram 
 as "Bowler Hall." 
 
 The new hall was located on "the Smith property," 
 
 which consisted of a frame house and five acres of land, and 
 
 which formerly belonged to John Smith, the father of C. C. 
 
 Smith, now Assistant Corresponding 
 
 Secretary of the American Christian Mis- 
 
 Froperty. -' 
 
 sionary Society. The Hall was put up 
 according to plans and specifications drawn by 
 "Heard and Smith," architects of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 The work was pushed forward v\^ith vigor so 
 that that in June, 1880, the Building Committee pre- 
 sented the finished product to the Board of Trustees at a 
 total cost of $8,935.78. The committee having charge of 
 the building and other improvements connected with it, 
 consisted of John J. Ryder, Alvah Udall, and R. Stanhope. 
 In the conclusion of their very clear, comprehensive and 
 intelligent report they say : "It will be seen that this gross 
 amount considerably exceeds the (Expenditures originally 
 contemplated. The explanation is not that the original 
 work cost more than was expected, but that much more 
 work has been done. In the first place the purchase of the 
 Smith place, furnaces, water in the house, side-walks, etc., 
 were not included in the estimates. Your committee beg 
 leave to say, that they have never gone beyond the letter of 
 their instructions save in cases where it seemed necessary 
 to do so. The Smith lot and house will be sources of in- 
 come. Two terms experience with the Hall shows that if 
 properly managed, it will return a fair interest on the money 
 
248 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the Board has put into it, and that it will be a valuable 
 auxiliary to the college." 
 
 The building of the Boarding Hall with its furnish- 
 ings at a cost of about $10,000, and of the Tabernacle at a 
 cost of $1,500, added greatly to the accommodations of the 
 college. It forecasted also what could be easily done of a 
 like character when the determination to do it had been 
 fixed. 
 
 The Financial Agent, Alanson Wilcox, had been un- 
 tiring in his efforts to increase the interest in Hiram and to 
 raise money for the new buildings, and 
 Financial Agent, for other purposes. Through his efforts 
 the attendance of students had been sensi- 
 bly increased. A large territory was traversed into which 
 the "enthusiasm for Hiram" was carried by the agent. In 
 his canvass he found some of the elements which had worked 
 against the progress and success of the College. He found 
 the Disciples, the natural patrons of the college, were not 
 wealthy and the times were hard ; that these same Disciples 
 ^'seemed to lack a spirit of liberality in educational mat- 
 ters ;" and that the ministry among the Disciples were not 
 specially interested in the college work. Much good in many 
 ways resulted from Mr. Wilcox's labors. The Board of 
 Trustees appreciating what had been done, and the small 
 cost of the year's canvass, gave "a vote of thanks to the 
 agent, Alanson Wilcox, for his untiring zeal and success- 
 ful labor in the interests of the college, and especially for 
 the unlooked for meagre traveling expenses to the college 
 during his year's service." 
 
 With the completion of the Boarding Hall and Taber- 
 nacle, Alvah Udall, Esq., practically closed 
 Alvah Udall, Esq. his long and faithful service in behalf 
 of Hiram College, though he remained 
 a member of the Board of Trustees until his death in 
 
(JULIJiGn; KACUl.TY IN 19(0. 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administratiom, 1870-1882. 349 
 
 1887. He was elected a member of the Board in 1854 and 
 served continuously for a third of a century, and from 1856 
 to 1880 he was President of that body. On account of fail- 
 ing health and lengthening years he resigned as President 
 in 1880. His resignation was accepted with sincere regret 
 in the following appreciative terms : — "Resolved, That this 
 Board of Trustees of Hiram College have a high appreci- 
 ation of the faithful and valuable services of the retiring 
 President of the Board, Alvah Udall, Esq., who has with 
 untiring fidelity served in that capacity for twenty-four 
 years, giving to it the best energies of his business experi- 
 ence and counsels, and that we hereby tender our thanks to 
 him for the same." 
 
 Mr. Udall was an interesting character and a man of 
 marked personality. Never a member of the church he was 
 
 a lover of good men and a willing helper 
 £ V of Christian people. He was honorable 
 
 in all his business relations, calm and 
 judicial in his estimate of men and things, dignified in his 
 intercourse with society, a lover of his own family, and in 
 every way merited and received the esteem of all classes of 
 people. He was born September 14, 1807, the eighth child 
 in a family of thirteen children. His father, Samuel Udall, 
 came to Hiram in the winter of 1818 from Hartford, Ver- 
 mont. He came with his family all the way on sleds. It 
 may be only a legend, but it is said: "That Col. Daniel 
 Tilden, who crossed the Delaware with Washington, came 
 to Hiram a little earlier, and with others of its proprietors 
 who were 'Free Masons* named the township Hiram, after 
 Hiram Abif, King of Tyre." 
 
 At the age of 22 Alvah Udall v/as elected Clerk of 
 Hiram township. He was afterward elected Justice of the 
 Peace and served for fifteen years. He was also Assistant 
 
250 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Revenue Collector for the Government for eight years. In 
 1 83 1 he was married to Phoebe Ann Udall, the marriage 
 ceremony being performed by Joshua R. Giddings, Esq. 
 Mrs. Udall was a noble woman — a Christian in name and 
 in fact. The Udall home was like Paradise to many of the 
 earlier students at Hiram. In the maple-sugar season the 
 old '^sugar-camp" north of the house was the place for an 
 annual rendezvous of teachers and students, where Mr. and 
 Mrs. Udall delighted in their entertainment. Mr. Udall 
 was one of the earliest friends of the Institution at Hiram 
 and his influence had great weight in the location of the 
 school. The brick for the old building were made on his 
 farm east of the center and he delivered them at the build- 
 ing place for $2.25 per thousand. He was deeply interested 
 in every movement toward higher education. When Mr. 
 W. J. Ford was chosen Financial Agent he wanted to be 
 sure that he was the right man for the place, and with his 
 wife drove from Hiram to Bazetta to hear for himself. He 
 had fine qualifications as a presiding officer of the Board ele- 
 ments much needed in the earlier days of Hiram. He was 
 always ready in his rulings and considerate of the feelings 
 of his associates. During the Civil War he was a rock on 
 which many of the interests of the Institution leaned, and 
 in whose shadow many of its friends were refreshed. When 
 Mr. Ford returned from "the front," General Garfield said 
 to him: "Report to Squire Udall for instructions," and 
 Mr. Udall said, "Keep the field of the school at home open, 
 until the boys come again." Hiram owes much to him both 
 for the "Eclectic Institute" and for Hiram College, and his 
 name will be found written large on its walls and in the 
 first fifty years of its history. He died May 2, 1887, at the 
 age of fourscore. The Board of Trustees took suitable 
 action on his death and placed on record an appreciative 
 tribute to his memory. 
 
B. A. HINSDALE'S ADMINISTRATION, 1870-1882. 251 
 
 The Board of Trustees during Presi- 
 Trustees of this dent Hinsdale's administration was com- 
 
 Penod. posed at the beginning of the following 
 
 1870-1. persons: — ^Judge D. W. Canfield,* W. 
 
 J. Ford, Charles B. Lockwood, Thomas 
 W. Phillips, J. H. Rhodes, Alvah Udall, B. F. 
 Waters, John F. Whitney, Harmon Austin, James 
 A. Garfield, Hartwell Ryder, and Abram Teachout. 
 These were somewhat changed year by year, though the 
 larger number served to the close. In 1873 the Board of 
 Trustees was enlarged to twenty-four members. The fol- 
 lowing names will mark the changes during this time: 
 
 1871-2. Freeman E. Udall, and Dr. Worthy 
 
 S. Streator. 
 
 1872-3. F. W. Andrews, H. L. Morgan, 
 
 Thomas N. Easton, J. M. Parmly, R. 
 
 M. Hank, A. S.Hayden, J. J. Ryder, A. J. Squire, Albert 
 
 Allen, George A. Baker, Lathrop Cooley, A. J. Marvin. 
 
 1873-4. William Bowler, John T. Phillips. 
 
 1874-5. No change. 
 
 1875-6. Dr. J. P. Robison, W. P. Hudson. 
 
 1876-7. Charles E. Henry, Charles W. Hemry. 
 
 1877-8. Cyrus Ryder. 
 
 1878-9. Judge H. C. White. 
 
 1879-80. O. G. Kent, R. Stanhope. 
 
 1880-1. B. A. Hinsdale, Andrew Squire. 
 
 1881-2. No change. 
 
 The steadiness with which the Trustees held their 
 places had much to do in keeping the affairs of the college 
 in a favorable condition though its growth for numerous 
 reasons was necessarily slow. 
 
 *Judge Canfield died suddenly at his home in Chardon, O., De- 
 cember 29, 1900, at the age of 72 years. 
 
252 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 During the period of his administration Mr. Hins- 
 dale's endurance seemed to be inexliaustible. In addition 
 
 „ . , , to his administrative duties he tauofht 
 
 President ... 
 
 Hinsdale's classes in history, philosophy, rhetoric, 
 
 Literary and literature, gave frequent public lec- 
 
 Work. tures, preached on Sundays, and made 
 
 numerous contributions to the press. His first books v/ere 
 of an entirely religious character. His first book published 
 while at Hiram ,appeared in 1872, on "The Genuineness and 
 Authenticity of the Gospels ;" his second a monogram on 
 "The Jewish Christian Church," in 1878; a third in 1879 on 
 "Ecclesiastical Tradition." Much interested in 1880 in the 
 success of General Garfield for President of the United 
 States, at the request of the National Republican Committee 
 he wrote a "Campaign Text Book" besides making numer- 
 ous speeches in favor of Mr. Garfield. On the death of the 
 President he wrote in 1882 "President Garfield and Edu- 
 cation," a memorial volume, and in 1883, before he finally 
 left Hiram, he collated General Garfield's speeches and 
 addresses in two large octavo volumes. All of these works 
 shov/ wide reading, deep and comprehensive study and 
 thought, and that honesty of purpose and expression which 
 always characterized his literary endeavors. 
 
 But the time had come, in his judgment, and it is only 
 fair to say, in the judgment of many of his best friends for 
 Close of ^^^^^ work at Hiram to close. He had done 
 
 President all that he could for Hiram, and Hiram 
 Hinsdale's had done all that it could for him. He 
 Administration. |^^j worked heroically towards an end— 
 a distinct purpose for the college, and his work had not been 
 without success. He had not accomplished all that he de- 
 sired to accomplish, but all, under the conditions that pre- 
 
B. A. Hinsdale's administration, 1870-1882. 253 
 
 vailed, that could reasonably be expected.* His pulses were 
 set toward a larger field wherein he would not be disturbed 
 by fitful finances, or burdened with the almost countless 
 details of college administration. 
 
 From Hiram he went to Cleveland, where for four 
 years he gave himself, as Superintendent of the Public 
 Schools of that city, to the study of great educational prob- 
 lems, from the standpoint of the Public School System. His 
 annual reports won attention from educators of the highest 
 character and accomplishments throughout the State and 
 Nation. Plis contributions to educational journals, and his 
 public addresses on educational topics brought him into the 
 front rank, where he remained easily to the close of his life. 
 
 In 1888 he was elected to the Chair of "The Science 
 and The Art of Teaching" in the University of Michigan 
 and entered upon his labors at the University in February 
 of that year. Here he remained, rising higher every year 
 in the estimation of his associates, in an almost unbroken 
 
 ♦President Hinsdale's formal resignation of the Presidency of 
 Hiram College was received by the Board of Trustees, May 3, 1883: 
 "Gentlemen: I deem it fitting, if not necessary, to resign formally 
 the office to which you elected me July 1, 1870, the Presidency of 
 Hiram CoUefge, said resignation to take effect at the close of the 
 commencement exercises at Hiram, June 14 next. The reasons that 
 impelled me to sever my practical connection with the College last 
 year, as I now sever my formal connection, which are many, need 
 not here be recited; but I am happy in being able to say, want of 
 good understanding with you was not one of them. So far from it, 
 in now laying down this office, the duties of which I strove to fulfill 
 for twelve years, I cannot forbear placing upon record my generous 
 appreciation of and thankfulness for the confidence and support that 
 you have always given me. No man in such a position could rely 
 upon a Board more fully than I always have relied upon you for co- 
 operation and strength in whatever could be made to appear at once 
 reasonable and right. In so doing I hope you have found some 
 reward in the results that have followed our joint efforts to make the 
 College strong and useful. Hoping that all your future efforts in the 
 same direction may be abundantly blessed, I am, 
 
 Very truly, 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale, President of Hiram College.'* 
 
254 HISTORY OF' HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 service, until the "silver cord was loosed, the golden bowl 
 broken, and the pitcher broken at the fountain" November 
 29, 1900. 
 
 The college had now reached a crisis and its most stead- 
 fast and far-seeing friends were unable to forecast its 
 future. It had won the name and rank 
 
 ^ ,, ,„ . of colles^e but whether it would be able 
 College Affairs. =» 
 
 to carry it with honor was a question. Its 
 oldest, ablest, and most consecrated sons and daughters had 
 until now filled its highest places and led its "foremost 
 files." From now onward its fortunes must be trusted 
 mainly to those who called other Institutions Alma Mater, 
 and to whom the early struggles and traditions of Hiram 
 were unknown as personal experiences. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Hiram College. — A Crisis and How It Was Met. 
 
 1883-1888. 
 
 "Where McGregor sits is the head of the table," and if 
 he has sat there long it is difficult for another to take his 
 place. The resignation of President Hinsdale, who had 
 
 The Old occupied the place so long, and had im- 
 
 Traditions pressed some marks indelibly on the col- 
 
 to the lege, laid a great burden on the Board of 
 
 Front. Trustees in the selection of his successor. 
 
 He had advanced its standard much beyond the traditions 
 of the "Old Eclectic." And whether there should be a re- 
 treat from the point gained, or an advance was the question. 
 At the battle of Cedar Mountain, where Charles P. Bowler, 
 a Hiram student, gave up his life, a part of the brigade com- 
 manded by Rutherford B. Hayes, had gotten quite in advance 
 of their comrades in a seemingly perilous position, and the 
 Division Commander, seeing the situation, commanded that 
 the colors should be brought back. General Hayes, the 
 Brigade Commander, with better knowledge of the real con- 
 dition of affairs, and unwilling to beat a retreat, called out 
 in tones that thrilled the hearts of the men, "Bring the men 
 up to the colors !" In reaching the rank now held by the 
 college some elements which an institution depending for 
 its support on the patronage of the Disciples of Christ must 
 not ignore, had been, in a measure, left behind, and the time 
 had now come to bring them up to where the college colors 
 had been carried. 
 
256 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Some of the friends of the college clearly recognized the 
 necessities of the hour, and June 7, 1882, the Board of Trus- 
 
 Special ^^^^ placed on record the following Pre- 
 
 Biblicai amble and Resolutions: ''Whereas, Re- 
 
 Instruction. ligious instruction is a most desirable part 
 
 of education, and in accordance with the ideas of the found- 
 ers of this Institution; and. 
 
 Whereas, It is necessary that our Financial Agent 
 should be aided in his endeavors to present the interests of 
 this Institution to the Disciple churches of Ohio, therefore 
 
 Resolved, That there should be maintained a high de- 
 gree of religious interest in the college; That a suitable 
 amount of Bible study should be made a part of the college 
 course; That classes should be provided for those desiring 
 special instruction; That the Financial Agent be requested 
 to give especial attention to the matter of raising funds for 
 endowing a special chair of religious literature, and that the 
 Board pledge the churches of Ohio to establish a chair for 
 this purpose as soon as funds can be raised or secured so 
 to do." 
 
 At a special meeting of the Board held in Cleveland 
 March 15, 1883, on motion of C. B. Lockwood, Bailey S. 
 Election of Dean was elected Professor and Vice 
 B. S. Dean, President of the college at a salary of five 
 Vice-President, hundred dollars a 3^ear. The Faculty as 
 finally arranged and provided for consisted of Bailey S. 
 Dean, Vice President and Professor of Mental and Moral 
 Science ; George H. Colton, Professor of Natural Sciences ; 
 George A. Peckham, Professor of Greek and Latin Lan- 
 guages and Literatures; Colman Bancroft, Professor of 
 Mathematics and Astronom.y ; Arthur C. Pierson, Professor 
 of Rhetoric and English Literature ; Mary B. Jewett, Prin- 
 cipal of Ladies' Department and Professor of Modern Lan- 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 257 
 
 guages ; M. J. Grable, Teacher of Mathematics and English 
 Studies ; M. H. Wilson, Teacher of Penmanship and Book- 
 keeping; Lizzie A. Clapp, Teacher of Instrumental Music; 
 and Emma Johnson Dean, Teacher of Drawing, Oil Paint- 
 ing and China Decoration.* The teaching force of this 
 Faculty was strong, perhaps stronger than ever before in 
 some of its points. 
 
 Bailey S. Dean, Vice President and acting President, 
 was well qualified in character and education to act as Inter- 
 rex until a President could be found. He 
 Biographical ^^^g l^^^n at Canfield, O., in 1845. He 
 T, o -r. was of Connecticut stock on his father's 
 
 B. S. Dean. . 
 
 side. His father was Orsemus Dean, a 
 man of sturdy character and one of the pioneer farmers of 
 Mahoning county. His mother was Rhoda Hayden, and 
 sister of William and A. S. Hayden, the first and foremost 
 in the projection and execution of the educational idea which 
 finally became the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. Mr. 
 Dean was nursed and trained in the country home of his 
 parents; and his early years were spent as a farmer's boy. 
 His school privileges were as many, perhaps no more, than 
 others had in that day. He entered Hiram as a student in 
 1 86 1 and continued with somewhat irregular intervals, as 
 student until 1868, about four years in all. In 1868 he en- 
 tered Bethany College and graduated with the Class of 1869. 
 For eight years afterward he was pastor of the Disciple 
 Church at East Smithfield, Pa., which provea to him a pleas- 
 ant and fruitful field. In 1878 he became pastor of the Dis- 
 ciple Church at Bellaire, O., where he remained until he was 
 called to the Hiram Church in 1882 for which he preached 
 for about six years, resigning to accept the Chair of History 
 
 *Willard W. Slabangh and Duane H. Tilden were employed as 
 , tutors in the Preparatory Department, and Allie B. Merriam as 
 assistant in Penmanship and Bookkeeping. 
 
258 . HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 In Hiram College, a place he yet occupies. As a student at 
 Hiram he is one of the links between the old and the new. 
 He belonged to the last classes of the Old Eclectic and to 
 the first classes of Hiram College. As the valedictorian in 
 June, 1867, he closed Vol. I. of the school's history and 
 threw some of the light of the past on the yet untrodden 
 walk of the future. Considering what has come to pass" 
 since 1882 it seems like a provision of Providence that he 
 was at hand and qualified when the Board of Trustees called 
 him to administer the duties of the College President. 
 
 It was not an easy task to find the man who would 
 
 satisfy all concerned for President; but the Board looking 
 
 at all the interests involved determined to 
 
 m ing a ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ could be persuaded 
 
 President. . . . ^ 
 
 to accept the position. Their motto now 
 
 became, "Non Progredi — Regredi Est." The Board called 
 
 to its assistance the members of the "Ministerial Association 
 
 of the Disciples of Christ in Eastern 
 
 ^?. ^ ^ . , Ohio" and asked them to nominate three 
 
 Ministerial 
 
 Association. persons from which the Board might 
 select. The ministerial committee ap- 
 pointed by the Association to select names consisted of J. M. 
 Atwater, C. C. Smith, and Martin L. Streator. This com- 
 mittee secured answers from 58 preachers ; and in their re- 
 port to the Board said: — "We believe that in view of the 
 origin and original objects of Hiram College, it is, in the 
 highest degree important, indeed absolutely essential that 
 its President should be not only a believer in the Christian 
 faith, but also an acknov/ledged Christian and distinctively 
 identified with the Disciples. In this remark we believe we 
 express the unanimous feeling and conviction of the Associ- 
 ation that appointed us, as well as the entire body of the 
 Disciples. We also believe that the Disciples of Northern 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 259 
 
 Ohio and their preachers are ready, as indicated by their 
 
 recent action in convention, to co-operate with the Board in 
 
 giving to the college increased means of usefulness." 
 
 The committee of the Board appointed to nominate a 
 
 President consisted of Lathrop Cooley, J. J. Ryder, and 
 
 C. W. Hemry. They reported that they 
 
 Committee of , , j ^1 i- 1 1 -.1 1 
 
 rj, g had canvassed the iield with care, and 
 
 nominated Joseph King, of Alleghany 
 City, Pa., a preacher of excellent scholarship and distin- 
 guished ability. With one exception the members of the 
 Board voted in favor of Mr. King and a committee was ap- 
 pointed to notify him of his election. His salary was fixed 
 at $1,500. 
 
 At the same meeting, held May 3, 1883, the Board 
 announced that "we contemplate the organization of a 
 Biblical Department in Hiram College early in the coming 
 vear." 
 
 For what appeared to him good and sufficient reasons, 
 Mr. King declined the offer of the Presidency, closing his 
 letter of May 11, 1883, with these words : — 'T have regretted 
 
 Mr. King the wide publicity given to the matter and 
 
 Declines the if I have caused delay or embarrassment 
 Presidency. to the Board by encouraging the hope 
 that I would accept if elected and by finally deciding not to, 
 I shall regret it still more. I sincerely trust that the Board 
 will be wisely guided in the selection of another, and that 
 one abler and better qualified in every way to fill the position 
 than I am will be obtained." 
 
 Notwithstanding the embarrassments incident to the 
 
 changing of the college administration Mr. Dean's report 
 
 to the Board of Trustees was hopeful. 
 
 1 e- resi en xhere had been a net increase of 21 stu- 
 Dean's Report. , , . , , , . . ^. 
 
 dents, and a considerable increase m the 
 
 financial receipts for college purposes. In some depart- 
 
26o HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ments the classes were overcrowded and the demand for the 
 enlargement of the college buildings was becoming imper- 
 ative. On this matter Mr. Dean said : "I 
 The Need of ^^^^ earnestly hope that the Board will 
 
 New Buildings. ^^ , -^ "• . . i_ -ij. 
 
 not suner the question of a new builamg 
 to drop out of mind. It is an urgent need ; the libraries are 
 crowded ; the Societies have no suitable halls ; the museum 
 is ill accommodated ; there is no laboratory ; and no suitable 
 room for music or art. The old building will serve for 
 recitations for a century to come perhaps ; but for the pur- 
 poses specified it is not suitable. A new and modern build- 
 ing would without doubt tend to increase the attendance, as 
 it would be a mark of progress. I believe that the friends of 
 progress would respond to a move in that direction. In 
 conclusion I would most gratefully testify to the hearty 
 co-operation of my co-workers in all the cares and responsi- 
 bilities of the year. No one could ask for more perfect 
 harmony than has prevailed. Thanking you for the con- 
 fidence reposed in me, and deeply sensible how imperfectly 
 I have discharged the duties of my position, I lay down the 
 trust which I reluctantly assumed." 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees held 
 
 June 13, 1883, the financial condition of the college was 
 
 reported in a carefully detailed report 
 
 Financial ^^^^ ^^^^ Finance Committee, showing a 
 
 Condition. , ^ , . •, 1 f ^n o 
 
 total of prcducmg capital of v>42,540. 
 
 Concerning the securities of these funds the Committee 
 said : — "Your committee have endeavored to secure the best 
 rates consistent with unquestioned security, and so far the 
 Trustees can rejoice with us that there has been no loss to 
 interfere with the productive resources of the college, or to 
 admit of any doubt as to the judicious management of our 
 Endowment Fund." 
 
 June 13, 1883, the Board of Trustees took action on the 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1S83-188S. 261 
 
 recommendation of the Committee on President and unani- 
 mously elected George H. Laughlin Pres- 
 r^ TT*^^T^ t,i- ident of Hiram Colle2:e and fixed his 
 
 G. H. Laughlm ^ 
 
 President. salary at $1,500. Mr. Laughlin accepted 
 
 the position and entered on his duties 
 immediately. The Faculty at the beginning of his adminis- 
 tration was substantially the same as that which served v/ith 
 Vice President Dean. Jessie F. Horton became special 
 Teacher of Elocution, and Walter C. Spaulding, and Frank 
 W. Norton were tutors in the Preparatory Department ; and 
 Minnie E. Pv.obinson took the place of Mary B. Jewett as 
 Principal of the Ladies' Department. 
 
 George Hamxilton Laughlin was born December 28, 
 1838, at Quincy, Illinois, He was third in a family of eight 
 Biographical sons. On his father's side he was of Eng- 
 Sketch of lish ancestry and on his mother's, Scotch, 
 
 President and in the line of his father he was re- 
 
 Laughlin. \2,tt6. to President James Madison. His 
 
 early training was received on an Illinois farm, and his 
 first educational opportunities were furnished by the "dis- 
 trict school" of his neighborhood. Physically he was not 
 a large man either in height or weight. He was five feet 
 eight inches in height, and he never weighed over one hun- 
 dred and fifty pounds. In October, 1857, he entered Berean 
 College, at Jacksonville, Illinois, where he remained less than 
 ©ne year. He then entered Abingdon College at Abingdon, 
 Illinois, where he remained for four years as a student. He 
 graduated from Abingdon College in 1862 with the highest 
 honors of his class, delivering the Greek Salutatory. He 
 united with the Christian Church in 1859. He was married 
 August 21, 1862, to Miss Deborah J. P^oss, who yet survives 
 him. About the time of his marriage he began teaching and 
 preaching, which he steadily continued until his death, 
 November 16, 1895. For three years immediately following 
 
262 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 his marriage he taught in the public schools of Illinois. ' For 
 eight years following he was Principal of Ralls County 
 Academy at New London, Missouri ; and for five years of 
 this time he was County Superintendent of Public Schools. 
 
 In 1874 he was called to fill the chair of Ancient Lan- 
 guages in Oskaloosa College, Oskaloosa, Iowa. He held 
 this position for seven years. In 188 1 he was elected Presi- 
 dent of the college, resigning to accept the Presidency of 
 Hiram College in 1883, which position he held for four 
 years. After he left Hiram for three years he was Professor 
 of Ancient Languages in Garfield University, Wichita, Kan- 
 sas. He was also pastor for one year of the Christian 
 Church at Wichita. After he left Wichita he was pastor of 
 the Christian Church at Kirksville, Missouri, and for three 
 years filled the Chair of English Literature, in the State 
 Normal School at Kirksville. He received several academic 
 Degrees besides those granted by his Alma Mater; LL. D. ; 
 Ph. D., and was a member of a Society of Science in Lon- 
 don, England, and a Councilor of the American Institute of 
 Civics. He was a very busy and useful man, but his best 
 w^ork was done in the Professor's Chair and in the pulpit, 
 places for which he was better equipped than for the dis- 
 tracting details of college administration. He bore a blame- 
 less character in his private and public life. Coming to 
 Hiram as he did in a critical period in her history ; a stranger 
 to the larger part of his supporters ; and unacquainted with 
 the methods and traditions which had prevailed for a third 
 of a century ; it was impossible for him to do what another, 
 trained and learned in these things might have done; and 
 yet it may fairly be questioned whether any other could, 
 under the circumstances, have done better than he did. The 
 time had not yet come for the distinct, and strong forward 
 movement. 
 
 When President Laughlin began his work in Hiram he 
 had understood that the college would be provided with a 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 263 
 
 better building; for its work. The need 
 
 The Need of ^ 
 
 T -D -i^- for such enlargement of collesfe facilities 
 
 Larger Buildings. _ *=» ^ 
 
 was manifest to all. But the Board of 
 Trustees was conservative and would not move except on 
 safe ground. President Hinsdale had frequently insisted 
 on the great need of enlarged accommodations. Vice Presi- 
 dent Dean had done the same. Several of the Professors 
 had emphasized these numerous requests. Finally a tenta- 
 tive movement was started February ii, 1884, by Trustees 
 A. J. Marvin and William Bowler. Mr. Marvin moved 
 "that a subscription paper be drafted for the purpose of 
 raising funds to build a new building at Hiram and for 
 making repairs on the old." Mr. Bowler moved "that the 
 amount which it should be attempted to raise be $15,000, 
 all subscriptions to be paid when $10,000 of good and valid 
 pledges shall have been taken." Both of these motions pre- 
 vailed but with the proviso : — "That nothing which has been 
 done at this meeting be construed as committing this Board 
 to the proposition to build at Hiram and that the committee 
 on subscriptions be instructed to take no steps whatever 
 that shall in any way commit the Board in any financial 
 sense, until the Board shall have taken further action in the 
 premises." But this was a beginning — a beginning which 
 silenced, at last, all clamor for the removal of the college 
 from Hiram to any other place, and resulted in the enlarge- 
 ment of the material facilities of the college more than one 
 hundred per cent. 
 
 President Laughlin's reports from year to year are 
 
 interesting. His first report was made June 11, 1884, in 
 
 President which he said in part : — "In many particu- 
 
 Laughlin's lars the scholastic year now closing has 
 
 Annual been a prosperous one. There had been 
 
 eports. ^^ increase of the number of students in 
 
 188i. college classes, a slight decrease from the 
 
 previous year in the Preparatory classes; while the aggre- 
 
264 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE, 
 
 gate financial receipts were about the same as for the two 
 years preceding. Hiram's standard of scholarship is high; 
 it shall not be lowered during my administration. The 
 scholarly attainments and teaching capacity of m.y fellow- 
 teachers will go far towards maintaining the present high 
 standard of scholarship in the Institution and increasing the 
 number of students in the regular college classes. But 
 success in college work depends upon a great variety of 
 helps. The pressing need of Hiram is a new college build- 
 ing. Although your attention has been frequently called to 
 the fact, yet it is my firm conviction that unless Hiram shall 
 keep pace with the other colleges of Northern Ohio in sup- 
 plying educational facilities, that her days of usefulness will 
 be numbered in the near future. Hiram does not ask for a 
 costly building and artistic display, but for a plain building 
 — simply for more room. * * ^ j am also heartily in 
 sympathy with the desire that Hiram should be distinctively 
 a Disciple School, and it seems to be the general judgment of 
 the Disciples in Northern Ohio that a Biblical Department 
 should be sustained in Hiram College. It is sincerely hoped 
 that you may adopt wise measures as to ways and means of 
 sustaining this Department as an essential feature of the 
 general curriculum of studies at Hiram." 
 
 President Laughlin's report for 1885 presented a gener- 
 ally favorable condition of affairs at the college. The Bible 
 -ogK Department had been quite prosperous. 
 
 The financial condition had not materially 
 changed except in the diminished revenue from the Board- 
 ing Hall. In regard to the new building President Laughlin 
 said: — "One year ago the Faculty v/ere authorized by the 
 Board to assist the Building Committee in soliciting sub- 
 scriptions. All that I am now able to report is that through 
 my own solicitations subscriptions to the amount of nearly 
 $4,000 have been made since February, 1884. Possibly other 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 18S3-1888. 265 
 
 subscriptions have been secured by the Building Committee. 
 The members of the Faculty heartily join me in recom- 
 mending you to place in the field, at an early date, an agent 
 whose special business shall be to solicit students for the 
 college." 
 
 President Laughlin's report for 1886 was not as hope- 
 ful in some of its features as the two preceding. One reason 
 
 that he srave was "the uncertainty whether 
 1886 
 
 or not the college would remain at its 
 
 present location." The financial condition of the college 
 was about at its lowest ebb, and a reduction of the teaching 
 force had become necessary. Persistent rumors were in the 
 air that the college was to be removed to Warren or to some 
 other location. But there were hopeful signs and favorable 
 features. He said: — "One of the written conditions upon 
 which I accepted the Presidency of Hiram College was that 
 the facilities of the Institution should be increased by the 
 erection of an additional college building as soon as possible. 
 The assistance given to this enterprise by members of your 
 own body in generous subscriptions made two years ago 
 supplemented by numerous smaller subscriptions made with- 
 in the past year, chiefly in Portage county, has greatly en- 
 couraged both my co-laborers and myself. From the first, I 
 have had confidence in the ultimate success of the enterprise, 
 believing that the increased facilities of the Institution would 
 in the 'logic of events,* be brought about in a few years, if 
 not at Hiram, certainly at some point in Northern Ohio. 
 What we have seen by the eye of faith for several years is 
 nov/ beginning to materialize. The present Commencement 
 is, in a certain sense, an auspicious occasion in that the 
 corner stone of the new building is now to be laid. And 
 now that your Institution is, in quite a definite way fixed 
 permanently at Hiram, I doubt not that the loyalty of its 
 old friends and that of its new friends v/ill be its source 
 
266 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 of Strength. And although we are fully at the turning point 
 of a new chapter in Hiram's history, yet I presume that it 
 is a wise statement to make, and that the members of the 
 Board, the Alumni, the Faculty of the College, and all the 
 genuine friends of the Institution realize that it will require 
 '3, long pull, a strong pull, and a pull altogether' to con- 
 summate fully the work now inaugurated." 
 
 President Laughlin's last report was made June 15, 
 1887. The report was brief but indicated a good condition 
 of college affairs. Quite an increase had 
 been made to the college classes, and the 
 financial condition was somewhat better than in the previous 
 year. The Literary Societies had been stimulated to better 
 work by the hope of soon having better halls for their ses- 
 sions. Joseph King, who had declined the offered Presi- 
 dency of the college, had donated his large private library 
 to the college, which largely increased and enriched that 
 department. The one sad event of the year and of the 
 administration now drawing to its close, was the death of 
 James Edgar Norton, of whom the President said: — "In 
 the midst of the spring term (May 5) we were called upon 
 to mourn the death of J. E. Norton. His death, which was 
 caused (April 29) by a very peculiar accident, cast a deep 
 gloom over the college comm.unity. He was a micmber of 
 the Junior Class. In faithfulness and thoroughness of work, 
 in integrity of Christian character, and in friendship for all 
 he had no superior among our students." 
 
 President Laughlin's connection with the college closed 
 
 with Commencement day, June, 1887. In accepting his 
 
 resignation the Board of Trustees placed 
 
 Close of Qn record the following appreciative reso- 
 
 Pr.esident lutlon :--"That this Board take pleasure 
 
 . , ^."? ^ ^^J in recosfnlzlnsf the faithfulness with which 
 
 Administration. ^ t ^ ,. -,- 1 ii- 
 
 President Laughlm has discharged his 
 
 duties as President of Hiram College for the past four 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 267 
 
 ^ears, and desire to express their appreciation of his honest 
 and zealous labor to forward the interests of the college 
 during his entire connection with it." 
 
 The event of greatest importance to Hiram College 
 during the period from 1883 to 1888 was the enlargement 
 and renewing of the college building 
 °"f^th ^°^ which for a long time had ,been inade- 
 New Buildings. quate for the needs of the Institution. As 
 in all such enterprises a few men are at 
 the front and plainly in sight, so it was here. President 
 Hinsdale had begun the agitation of the question of a new 
 building in his report to the Board of Trustees for the year 
 1 88 1 -2. Vice President Dean had given emphasis to the 
 necessities of the case. President Laughlin had brought 
 the matter forward in each of his annual reports until the 
 Board had actually and seriously considered the question 
 and set in motion the forces that finally resulted in the suc- 
 cessful completion of large and well-arranged buildings. 
 
 It will not be invidious to name with the foregoing 
 B. S. Dean, D. H. Beaman, G. H. Colton, O. C. Atwater, 
 William Bowler and Abram Teachout. Others did good 
 work and are entitled to credit; but these were the svvift- 
 footed runners, the hands that never hung down, the knees 
 that were never feeble, and the minds that were quick to 
 discern and liberal to devise. 
 
 At a meeting of the Board of Trustees held in Gar- 
 
 rettsvilie March 31, 1886, Mr. Abram Teachout offered the 
 
 following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: — 
 
 ''Whereas, At a meeting of the Board 
 
 Mr. Teachout's held in Cleveland February 11, 1884, in- 
 
 Resolution itial steps, looking to the erection of a 
 
 in 1886. new college building at Hiram, were 
 
 taken; and 
 "Whereas, Subscriptions amounting to about ten thou- 
 
268 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 sand ($10,000) dollars have been secured for erecting said 
 building, 
 
 Therefore he it Resolved, That a Building Committee 
 be elected on nomination, and be clothed with power to 
 build the said building on the following terms and con- 
 ditions : — First, Said committee is authorized to procure 
 plans, to make contracts, and to supervise the v/ork of erec- 
 tion. Second, Said committee is authorized to collect the 
 subscriptions already made with which to pay for said build- 
 ing, and also to secure and collect additional subscriptions 
 for the same purpose, provided that the total amount raised, 
 including the ten thousand dollars, shall not exceed seven- 
 teen thousand five hundred dollars ($17,500) ; and the com- 
 mittee are hereby authorized to expend any balance that 
 may remain after building and paying for the new building, 
 in repairs upon the old building. Third, All contracts made 
 by said committee shall be made in their own names and in 
 the names of such other persons as they may associate with 
 themselves for their purposes ; it being expressly provided 
 that the committee shall not in any way involve the college 
 in such contracts, and that the college shall not, in any par- 
 ticular, be responsible for the transactions of said committee. 
 Fourth, On the completion of said building, and on the final 
 payment being made therefor, it shall be turned over to the 
 Board of Trustees and shall be accepted by the same as a 
 part of the college property." 
 
 On the adoption of these resolutions it was resolved 
 
 that the Building Committee to be elected should consist 
 
 of ten persons, five of whom should be 
 
 e "1 ing members of the Board. The com.mittee 
 Committee. 
 
 selected from the Board consisted of 
 
 William Bowler, Abram Teachout, J. J. Ryder, B. F. Waters, 
 
 and Charles E. Henry; the others were F. E. Derthick, 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 18S3-1S88. 269 
 
 George H. Colton, D. H. Beaman, J. E. Norton, and Arthur 
 
 Crane. 
 
 At this meeting the Board authorized the Building 
 
 Committee to employ Orris C. Atwater to act as Financial 
 
 Agent for the present. Mr. Atwater had 
 O. C. Atwater. 111 .- • , . . ,, 
 
 already been active m proclamnng the 
 
 necessity of new buildings at Hiram and pushing their 
 claims among the people. A meeting of the citizens of 
 Hiram and vicinity had been held in the College chapel 
 July 17, 1885, and a committee of fifteen citizens appointed 
 to take the necessary steps for a thorough canvass, especially 
 of Portage county. This committee met July 30, and chose 
 Mr. Atwater to represent them in the canvass. In writing 
 of this particular time to Prof. B. S. Dean, Mr. Atwater 
 says: "You know the work of 1885, 1886, 1887, ^^^ how 
 many dark days there were, liow many questions and plans, 
 how many doubts and fears. You remember well the com- 
 mittee of fifteen that met in the Delphic room ; and that they 
 put the whole matter in my charge as to a sub-committee of 
 one : and when I dared not go on alone, for I had never been 
 tried in any similar work, they increased the sub-committee 
 to three and insisted on my naming the other members of 
 that local working committee. There would have been no 
 new building, and no Y. M. C. A. Building, and no glad 
 triumph and jubilee, if somebody had not been found to 
 carry the burden that committee of fifteen had laid on me. 
 You never knew how grateful I was for the cheer I got by 
 going up to consult with you in your study, nor how many 
 prayers went up for help from on High. There ought, too, 
 to be mention made of D. H. Beaman's 
 . . eaman. courage and generosity in the dark days 
 of 1885. When he urged me to undertake the canvass he 
 oftered to pay all the salary and all the expenses. He laid 
 no restrictions upon me and he paid every dollar, and paid 
 
270 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 it promptly and cheerfully — that, too, while it was still 
 doubtful whether any good would come out of it, or whether 
 other subscribers would have to pay a cent."* 
 
 The tribute paid by Mr. Atwater to Mr. Beaman is not 
 too great. The local committee would have been greatly 
 weakened if he had not been a member of it, and the local 
 work of Hiram will always bear witness to his public enter- 
 prise and liberality. 
 
 Mr. Atwater was unremitting and conscientious in his 
 canvass. He could speak from the heart for Hiram, for 
 he was one of her first students in time and in ability. He 
 knew her needs for his own growth had been at her side. 
 He could not do great things for the day of great things 
 had not yet come. Of this he says : — "Nobody realizes more 
 than I do that that day was the day of small things and 
 nobody rejoices more heartily over the great advances being 
 made. But in the condition Hiram then was after so many 
 years of weakness, and with all the discouragements, and 
 with the Warren movement' hanging over us, there had to 
 be a day of small things before there could be a day of great 
 things." 
 
 During this struggle Prof. B. S. Dean was not in the 
 rear rank of efficient helpers. He canvassed Hiram and suc- 
 ceeded in raising about four thousand 
 dollars, nearly all of which was paid. He 
 also assisted in the canvass of Mahoning and Trumbull 
 counties. In his Hiram canvass Mr. Dean was a volunteer. 
 
 Mr. W. H. C. Newington was chosen by the committee 
 
 of fifteen to solicit funds from the College 
 
 ^* Alumni. The records do not reveal the re- 
 
 Newington. .-,.,. . -,1 1 • 
 
 suit of his labors but wrth his energy put 
 
 into the canvass something came out of it. 
 
 *Letter of O. C. Atwater, Bethany, Neb., June 15, 1900. 
 
A CRISIS AND HOVf IT WAS MET, 1 883- 1 888. 27 1 
 
 The Committee of Ten elected by the Board of Trustees 
 
 met in Hiram April i6, 1886, and organized by selecting 
 
 ,^ . ^. , Abram Teachout, Chairman, and Georg-e 
 
 Organization of tt /-- 1 o 
 
 the Committee. ^- ^olton, Secretary and Treasurer. The 
 
 Committee had the authority from 
 the Board of Trustees to build a new and separate 
 building or remodel the old one. They chose the 
 latter after an examination of carefully drawn 
 plans from various architects. The plan adopted 
 was prepared by S. W. Foulk, of New Castle, Pa. The 
 contract for building was awarded to C. W. and J. L. 
 Weaver, of Sharon, Pa., and work was begun on the 8th of 
 June and pushed so rapidly that the corner stone of the 
 structure was laid on Commencement Day, June 17, 1886, 
 with appropriate ceremonies, and the traditional box con- 
 taining papers, coins, etc., was deposited under the stone. 
 On this occasion speeches of the proper sort were made by 
 Dr. I. A. Thayer, Prof. B. J. Radford, of Eureka, III, 
 William Bowler, and Abram Teachout, who concluded the 
 exercises in an appropriate manner. The contract called 
 for the completion of so much of the building by Septem- 
 ber 28, 1886, as to accommodate the regular classes, and 
 the whole was to be completed by December i, 1886; but 
 a failure on the part of the brickmaker to furnish the brick 
 in time delayed the work so that the carpenters did not 
 get through until February 19, 1887. During the fall 
 term of 1886, and the first part of the winter term the 
 Town Hall, and the "Baker House" on the west side of 
 the campus were used for college purposes. The new 
 building was dedicated on January 11, and its recitation 
 rooms opened on January 12, 1887. On the day of dedica- 
 ^ ^. . tion the weather was extremely cold, but 
 
 of the nevertheless a large audience assembled 
 
 New Building. ^^ ^^'^ ^^^ chapel at I 45 p. m., the time 
 appointed for the exercises. President 
 Laughlin presided on the occasion and after the opening 
 
272 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 prayer by Prof. B. S. Dean the students of the college sang 
 "Ho ! Reapers of Life's Harvest." Prof. George H. Colton 
 presented the financial statement of the Building Com- 
 mittee. All this prepared the way for the address of Mr. 
 Abram Teachout, the able chairman of the Building Com- 
 mittee. As his address touches every essential phase from 
 the inception to the completion of the new building the 
 
 larger part of it is given here. Address- 
 Mr. Teachout's . .it-, j r • j r tt- 
 . ,, mg the irustees and friends of Hiram 
 
 and Report. College, Mr. Teachout said : — "This col- 
 lege has for many years been far behind 
 her sister colleges of the State in accommodations for its 
 teachers and students. The want has been referred to in 
 the annual report of its president for several years. It has 
 been seriously considered by the friends of the school. Many 
 valuable students have been lost because of this want. The 
 lack of means to make the necessary improvements has been 
 the chief trouble. It is well known that Hiram College is 
 the outgrowth of the great religious reformation of the 
 nineteenth century which culminated in the organization of 
 what is known as the Christian or Disciple Church. 'Col- 
 leges and churches/ said the great Alexander Campbell, 'go 
 hand in hand in the progress of Christian civilization.' 'The 
 number of colleges and churches in any community,' said 
 he, 'is the index and exponent of its Christian civilization 
 and advancement. Colleges and schools of every rank are 
 or ought to be founded upon some great principle in nature 
 and in human society.' As chairman of the Building Com- 
 mittee I think I can safely say that our belief in the above 
 sentiment has stimulated us to accept the heavy responsibil- 
 ity and undertake the work. We have got it where it is, and 
 have invited you here to see what- we have done. In behalf 
 of the committee, I thank you for coming, so many of you, 
 and hope you will not have occasion to regret having spent 
 
A CRISIS AND HOV/ IT WAS MET, 1SS3-1888. 273 
 
 the day at Hiram. Your Building Committee was appointed 
 at a meeting of the Board of Trustees at Garrettsville, held 
 to consider the matter of expending $10,000 that had been 
 subscribed for building purposes. Its members were selected 
 from the store, the farms, the machine shop, and the lumber 
 yard ; also one from the College Faculty, who was quickly 
 made secretary and treasurer of the committee. We were 
 given power to collect the $10,000 subscribed, to employ a 
 solicitor to continue the subscription, and to go ahead with 
 the work provided that we would assume all responsibility, 
 and not encroach upon the endowment fund, or incur any 
 obligations the college would be required to pay. When that 
 resolution was passed the members of the committee looked 
 into each other's faces rather hesitatingly. But, never having 
 had such honors conferred upon them before, after a fev/ 
 brief consultations, they concluded to accept, and try their 
 luck. There were eight of us, and we were permitted to add 
 to our number as our judgment should dictate. At our 
 second meeting we appointed Rev. E. B. Wakefield, of War- 
 ren, O., and Dr. I. A. Thayer, of New Castle, Pa., to act 
 with us on the committee. They have been a help to us, for 
 if they could not furnish much money, they could pray for 
 us and our success, which we felt at times we very much 
 needed. We at once invited plans and estimates for a new 
 building, not to cost over $15,000. Three competent archi- 
 tects furnished plans, which were investigated thoroughly 
 on the 27th of April, 1886. The plans were all good and the 
 estimates reasonable, but they did not give the room needed. 
 The old building was carefully looked over from basement 
 to garret, with the idea of building the new in connection 
 with the old so as to have all in one building, as more room 
 and a better looking structure could be obtained for the 
 money. It could be warmed with less expense, and would 
 in every respect be more convenient. We, therefore, asked 
 
274 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the competing architects to submit plans and estimates of 
 that kind, which they did. We finally adopted the plans 
 proposed by Mr. S. W. Foulk, of New Castle, Pa. Permit 
 me to say that there were great misgivings about altering 
 or changing the old building so that its identity would in 
 any way be lost. There was a unanimous feeling that, if 
 practicable, it should stand upon Hiram Hill a monument of 
 its thirty-six years' work and of the noble men who had 
 occupied its presidential chair and are now numbered among 
 the dead. The honorable and godly A. S. Hayden, the schol- 
 arly Dr. Silas E. Shepard, the young, active, energetic 
 teacher, brave soldier, distinguished statesman, and martyred 
 President, James A. Garfield. I take time only to mention 
 those that have finished their work and have gone to their 
 reward. May not some inquiring mind of generations yet 
 to come, in looking over the records of this Institution and 
 reading the life of the lamented Garfield and his connection 
 with the history of our country from i860 to the time of 
 his death, September 19, 1881, look up to heaven and say: — 
 
 'In those dark and stormy days of old 
 Arose among the risings of his age, 
 A man of massive and gigantic mold. 
 Whom we must measure as the Cretan sage 
 Measured the pyramids of ages past 
 By the far-reaching shadows which he cast.' 
 
 Yes, my friends, the shadow of that wonderful man will 
 reach far down into the ages. But I am digressing and must 
 return to my work. Your committee held three meetings at 
 Garrettsville, on May 15, 23, and 28, to open bids and con- 
 sider and adopt a system of heating and ventilation. In the 
 meantime Mr. Bowler and myself visited Oberlin and Toledo 
 to get all the information we could in regard to the most 
 improved system of heating. On the 29th day of May con- 
 tract was made with C. W. Weaver, of Sharon, Pa., to erect 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 275 
 
 the building, and with Isaac D. Smead & Co., of Toledo, O., 
 for heating and ventilating. It became necessary to bargain 
 for extras with Mr. Weaver from time to time, principally 
 to make the old part of the building entirely new in all of 
 its rooms. The work of excavating and quarrying the stone 
 for the foundation was commenced on or about the 8th day 
 of June, and the work was pushed as fast as possible. The 
 corner stone was laid June 17, 1886, the day of the Com- 
 mencement exercises. There has been general harmony in 
 the committee. Some of them were thought to be a little 
 slack about attending the called meetings, but when called 
 to account for it gave us about the same satisfaction as the 
 preacher received when he took his deacon to task for going 
 to sleep every Sunday as soon as he had commenced his 
 sermon. The deacon's answer was, 'My dear brother, I have 
 perfect confidence in you, and when you get fairly started 
 in your sermon I know everything will be going right any- 
 how.' I shall not be detracting one syllable from the ef- 
 ficiency of any member of the committee when I say to you 
 that Brother William Bowler has been untiring in his 
 efforts ; has spent more time here than any other member of 
 the committee ; has watched with a critical eye the work in 
 every department ; and, has, I think, made a lasting impres- 
 sion and acquaintance with nearly every workman on the 
 job. He has our sincere thanks. You have heard the report 
 of the Secretary and Treasurer. Every dollar of the money 
 has passed through his hands, and when we consider his 
 duties as teacher in the college, it is almost a marvel that we 
 find his book and statement in so accurate a condition as 
 they are. Our soliciting agents, O. C. Atwater and B. S. 
 Dean, have been industrious and have succeeded as well as 
 could be expected. We have, as the treasurer's report shows, 
 incurred a debt for which we are personally responsible ; but 
 we believe you have got value received, and will, according 
 
276 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 to your abilty, help us to liquidate it. The money we have 
 borrowed is for a reasonable length of time, and at a low 
 rate of interest, all of it drawing only six per cent. We 
 have been kindly tendered more money at that rate of inter- 
 est than we needed, so that we are flattered that our credit 
 has not suffered, and if you help us out we believe you will 
 be doing a good work. We should labor for the good of our 
 race. This would be a dark and cheerless world if v/e lived 
 for ourselves alone. We should live for one another." 
 
 Mr. Teachout was followed by Rev. Jabez Hall, then of 
 
 Cleveland, O., in an able and scholarly address in which he 
 
 urged that the original thought and pur- 
 
 T ^^^^ ?T 1, pose of the founders of Hiram College 
 
 Rev. Jabez Hall. ^ -a 
 
 should be adhered to, viz. : — To erect an 
 Institution sacred to Christian learning in which the Living 
 Oracles — the Word of God — should faithfully and fully be 
 taught to all who should resort to this place for the purpose 
 of being educated." 
 
 In impressing this thought Mr. Hall in part said : — 
 I — "Inasmuch as it was the principal thought of tHe 
 founders of this college to make it a 'School of the Bible,' 
 there rests upon us an obligation to foster this design. For 
 we have received this Institution thus planned and organized 
 with this special character stamped upon it and wrought 
 into its character. The moneys contributed to the founding 
 and perpetuating the Institution were given for this purpose 
 and with this end in view. The appeal urged constantly on 
 the brotherhood of the 'Disciples' has no other ground to 
 stand on than this: that this Institution is a school of the 
 Bible, a Christian college. From the standpoint of obliga- 
 tion, then, we ought earnestly to strengthen and enlarge the 
 department of Bible instruction in this Institution. 
 
 2 — "We ought to do this because it is a thing eminently 
 fit and wise to do. Whatever views we may hold of the 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 377 
 
 origin of the sacred books of the Christian religion, we can- 
 not place them in a position inferior to other literatures. 
 The Bible, as a classic, is at least entitled to a prominent 
 place among the best the world possesses. If the future 
 shall not reverse the history of the past, the race will con- 
 tinue to draw from these fountains its richest nourishment 
 for the life that now is. The knowledge it imparts can be 
 gained from no other source, or from no other source 
 so well. Nor is any other knowledge so important to man as 
 that given in the Bible. It has the promise of the life that 
 now is, and of that which is to come. The great books, the 
 enduring books, the vital books, have owed their best in- 
 spiration to its influence. Its vitality is only to be accounted 
 for by its intrinsic excellence. As literature has no peer to 
 this matchless 'book of books,' so it can have no substitute 
 for it. 
 
 3 — "We ought to strengthen and enlarge the depart- 
 ment of Bible instruction in this Institution because we be- 
 lieve in it. The body of people known as 'Disciples' have 
 from the first placed special emphasis on Bible study. The 
 college founded at Bethany, West Va., by Alexander Camp- 
 bell, made this its corner stone. In an address delivered at 
 Bethany, May 31, 1858, on the laying of the corner stone of 
 Bethany College, Mr. Campbell said: — 'From the origin of 
 Bethany College on the first Monday of November, 1841, 
 till this day, a period of sixteen years, there has been a 
 Bible study and a Bible lecture for every college day in the 
 college year. The Bible is read, as it was written, in chrono- 
 logical order, and a lecture on every reading is delivered, 
 exegetical of its facts and documents, historical, chrono- 
 logical, geographical ; whether they be natural, moral, or 
 religious, in reference to the past, the present, and the 
 future of man. Theories, speculations sometimes called 
 doctrines, faith, orthodoxy, heterodoxy, come not within the 
 
278 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 legitimate era of collegiate, literary, moral, or Christian edu- 
 cation. "^ '^' '^ " In this corner-stone we deposit a copy 
 of the Holy Bible, not to bury it in the earth, but as a monu- 
 mental symbol of the fact that this Book, this everlasting 
 document ought to be the true and proper foundation of 
 every Literary, Scientific, Moral and Religious institution — 
 essential to the perfect and complete development of man in 
 his whole constitution — as a citizen of the commonwealth, 
 a citizen of the Kingdom of Heaven, and heir of the universe 
 through all the cycles of an eternal future/ 
 
 ''As a people we have an abiding faith in these principles 
 and in this book. We believe that any education which is 
 not molded by the teachings of the Bible, is so far defective. 
 We believe that the Bible as a text book should be studied 
 every day in everyone of our colleges, and that a student 
 graduating from one of these institutions should know the 
 Bible better than he knows any other book. Ought we not 
 to conform our practice to our faith? 
 
 4 — "We ought to give more, and more thorough atten- 
 tion to Bible instruction in this Institution, because it is a 
 crying need of the times. We want this Institution to be 
 abreast of the needs of the hour. On account, therefore, of 
 the pressing need, we ought to meet this demand. 
 
 5 — "And finally, numbers of young men come to this 
 Institution for the purpose of fitting themselves for the min- 
 istry of the Word of God, and this number could be easily 
 increased if the Institution were fairly well equipped to give 
 the requisite training. It surely needs no argument to prove 
 that if this Institution invites and encourages such persons 
 to come here, it is under weighty obligations to furnish suit- 
 able instruction ; that the whole man may be educated, body 
 and soul, and so fully equipped for every good work in the 
 world." 
 
 Mr. William Bowler followed Mr. Hall in a brief ad- 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 279 
 
 dress full of thankfulness for what had been done and full 
 
 of hope for the future. Among all the 
 
 Address of ^ , r i.u u • • 
 
 „, „ , Trustees from the beg'mnmo: none is 
 
 Wm. Bowler. . . 
 
 worthier of the title "Trustee of Hope" 
 than Mr. Bowler; and his hope was always based on his 
 invincible faith — a faith always supplemented by his unsel- 
 fish works. 
 
 Brief addresses were made by Judge H. C. White, and 
 W. J. Ford, students of the old Eclectic, and by E. B. Wake- 
 field, one of the first graduates of the col- 
 
 . , , leee. Mr. Teachout then presented the 
 
 Addresses. ^ . , ^ 
 
 new building to the Trustees, which was 
 accepted on their part by Mr. J. H. Rhodes, with appropri- 
 ate remarks ; who in turn committed it to the care of the 
 Faculty through President G. H. Laughlin. 
 
 It was a great day for the college when the new build- 
 ing was completed and ready for use. It settled the question 
 
 of location permanently. It established 
 A Great Day. the fact that the Institution had friends 
 
 that would not let it starve or perish. It 
 also settled the question whether the "Disciples of Christ'* 
 would sustain an Institution whose management was loyal 
 to the terms of its charter and true to the faith which in- 
 spired and moved its founders. The many friends of Hiram 
 v/ere agreeably surprised when they came to look through 
 the completed edifice so elaborate and withal so roomy, on 
 that bleak winter day. The original building at Hiram was 
 small compared with the new one of which it was now a 
 part. The front of the new building is the same in width 
 as the old. Its depth is 103 feet. It is three stories high 
 exclusive of the basement, and its tower has an elevation of 
 113 feet. In the basement are found the furnaces by which 
 the building is heated. As it was when it came from the 
 hands of the Building Committee in 1887, on the first floor 
 
28o HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 was a large hall, at the end of which were the commercial 
 room and the laboratory. On one side was the apparatus 
 room and two large recitation rooms. At the end of the 
 hall in the second story was the chapel, large, airy, and beau- 
 tifully frescoed. On this story also were found the library 
 and reading rooms and four large recitation rooms. In the 
 third story were the museum, the Y. M. C. A. rooms, and the 
 three society rooms. By the erection of other buildings in 
 Hiram the purpose of some of the parts of the building- 
 described has changed, but outwardly it is as it appeared in 
 1887. The entire cost of the work up to the day of dedica- 
 tion as shown by the carefully prepared report of the Treas- 
 urer was $22,999.47, of which $9,286.80 remained unpaid 
 but with $2,875 of unpaid subscriptions to be collected, leav- 
 ing a debt over all pledges of $6,411.80. 
 
 During the fifty years of its history Hiram College has 
 employed a large number of persons as Solicitors or Finan- 
 cial Agents. Some of these have served 
 
 ^ for only a brief period, others for a longer 
 
 Financial . o , 1,1 , • , 
 
 \e-ent's time, bome have had but little success, 
 
 Experiences. Others have done much. During the life- 
 time of the Eclectic Institute not less than 
 twenty-five persons were elected solicitors. William Hayden 
 is the first one named. Of all these Dr. W. A. Belding was 
 
 by far the most successful in his efforts 
 Dr. W. A. Belding. "^ . „, , , , 
 
 to raise money, i he records do not show 
 
 in any detail the aggregate amount of work that he did or 
 its result; but they do show that from October 14, 1851, 
 when he was first "employed by the Board to act as general 
 solicitor and collector" to the end of his service which cov- 
 ered several years, that he was active and successful. Dr. 
 Belding was present at the meeting at A. L. Soule's in 
 Russell, O., when the first formal steps were taken to estab- 
 lish the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. So far as known 
 
TEACHOUT LIBRARY AND OBSERVATORY: Erected in 1900. 
 
 (Unfinished.) 
 
i 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 28 1 
 
 he is the only one living of all those who made up that 
 important body June 12, 1849. Referring to that m.eeting 
 and to his work for Hiram Dr. Belding says : — "1 was pres- 
 ent at that meeting, and when the plan was agreed upon and 
 the determination was made to go ahead with the work, I 
 was selected as its financial and general agent. The raising 
 of the sum needed for such an enterprise seemed like a great 
 undertaking for a people so weak financially and so few in 
 numbers. But I succeeded in raising the first twenty-five 
 thousand dollars to lay the foundation of the Western Re- 
 serve Eclectic Institute, which has since grown into the well- 
 known and reputable educational institution called Hiram 
 College. I naturally feel proud of the work there inaugu- 
 rated and so prosperously carried on. God's blessing has 
 attended it from the first, and many noble men and women 
 have gone forth from its halls, who have honored the Insti- 
 tution, and aided to fill the world with the knowledge and 
 spirit there impressed upon them."* Warren Asa Belding 
 was born at Randolph, O., September 5, 18 16, and is yet 
 living in Troy, New York, in his 85th year serene and tran- 
 quil in the "full assurance of faith" that he will soon enter 
 that city whose "builder and maker is God." During his 
 long ministry he has baptized over 12,000 persons; has 
 raised large sums of money for church buildings, and for 
 other purposes ; has established many churches and is en- 
 titled to the quiet he nov/ so much enjoys. 
 
 W. J. Ford was first "employed to act as Solicitor and 
 Collector" for Hiram November 9, 1858. In years of con- 
 
 „, ^ tinuous service he held the place longer 
 
 W. J. Ford. ^. . . - , . ^ ^ 
 
 than any other person m the history of 
 
 the Institution. He was elected a member of the Board of 
 
 Trustees in 1856 to succeed his father, J. A. Ford. He was 
 
 ^Biography of Dr. W. A. Belding, p. 72. 
 
282 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 a faithful and successful agent and well merited the thanks 
 of the Board, frequently and freely tendered to him. He 
 had many interesting experiences during his long period of 
 service. He is still a member of the Board of Trustees, and 
 retains much of the ardor of his first love for the Institution 
 for which he has done so much. He was born in Burton, 
 O., Nov. 23, 1832, and is living on a farm north of Hiram 
 at the present time. The following resolution was passed 
 by the Board at the conclusion of Mr. Ford's long term of 
 service: — ''That W. J. Ford has served with fidelity and 
 unusual success the Eclectic Institute and Hiram College, 
 and is entitled to the gratitude of the Board of Trustees, the 
 stockholders, and all friends of the college for the industry, 
 perseverence, and ability which for a period of twelve years 
 he performed the duties of Solicitor for the Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute and Hiram College." 
 
 Lathrop Cooley was elected Financial Agent of Hiram 
 College May 16, 1871, at the beginning of the administra- 
 Lathrop tion of President B. A. Hinsdale, and 
 
 Cooley. served through a very critical period in 
 
 the financial history of the college. When he began his work 
 Mr. Cooley had been for many years a noted preacher among 
 the Disciples in Northern Ohio. He had a wide acquaintance 
 with the membership of the church, and a business sagacity 
 v^rhich had its influence among business men. His experi- 
 ences during his numerous canvasses would make an inter- 
 esting story if given in detail. Mr. Coole3^'s history is full 
 of interesting facts. He was born in Genesee county, New 
 York, October 25, 182 1. In 1829 he came to Mantua, Ohio. 
 From the age of nine until eighteen he worked on a farm 
 and in a shop summers, and attended District school in 
 the winter. In this way he learned to be a farmer and a 
 wagon-maker. At the age of twenty, with the ministry of 
 the Word of God in viev/, he entered Brooklyn Academy, 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 283 
 
 near Cleveland, paying his expenses while there by working 
 morning and evening at his trade. At the age of twenty- 
 two he began to preach ; the first two years of his ministry 
 were spent mostly in Lorain county, traveling on horseback 
 and preaching in school-houses and in shops. At that time 
 there were no settled preachers between the Cuyahoga and 
 Vermillion rivers. Some of the time he traveled in company 
 with William Hayden, who was preaching and holding meet- 
 ings in that territory. At the age of twenty- four he was 
 called to the pastorate of the Franklin Circle Church in 
 Cleveland, then Ohio City, which had been organized by 
 John Henry February 20, 1842. Mr. Cooley was a charter 
 member of this church, which at that time met in a little 
 hall on Detroit street hill. His first salary was $100 and 
 board with the brethren. On April 12, 1846, he organized 
 a Sunday-school or "Bible School." This was probably the 
 first Sunday-school organized by the Disciple^ in the State 
 of Ohio. In 1 85 1 he was sent into northern Illinois as a 
 preacher and missionary. For a time he located there 
 preaching in Chicago and outlying districts. In 1853 he 
 returned to Ohio and for a year was employed as an organ- 
 izing evangelist by the Ohio Christian Missionary Society. 
 During the same year he took charge of the church at North 
 Royalton, O., where he remained for eight years, supplying 
 the pulpit at different times outside of Royaltpn, at Cleve- 
 land, Bedford and Stow. In the spring of 1862 he was 
 called to the Church at Paihesville, Ohio, where he remained 
 until 1866. From Painesville he went to Akron as preacher 
 and pastor of the High Street Church, where he remained un- 
 til 1872. After leaving Akron he preached for the churches on 
 Miles avenue and Franklin avenue in Cleveland for about 
 two years. At the beginning of President Hinsdale's admin- 
 istration at Hiram, he was elected Financial Agent of the 
 college but was not able to devote himself wholly to that 
 
254 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 work until 1874. In the fall of 1874 he made a journey to 
 Egypt and Palestine. On his return in the spring of 1875 
 he was called to the church in North Eaton, where he re- 
 mained until 1877. He then returned to Cleveland, where, 
 imaided and with little encouragement from anyone, he pur- 
 chased from the German Reformed Body, a church building 
 on Erie street and organized what is now known as the 
 Cedar Avenue Disciple Church. This church, w4th its con- 
 venient building, growing from a little handful of members 
 to its present large and influential membership, will, so long 
 as it endures, testify to Mr. Cooley's courage, devotion, 
 liberality and faith in the triumph of the simple story of the 
 primitive and Apostolic doctrine. In 1880 he took charge 
 of the Cleveland Bethel, and for several years was its Super- 
 intendent and Chaplain. From 1889 to 1892 he was pastor 
 of the church in Medina. Though he does not now take 
 upon himself the burden of regular local work, yet the Sun- 
 days are few that he does not preach somewhere. For 57 
 years his voice has been a familiar one to the people and 
 churches of northern Ohio. He is in good health and vigor- 
 ous for a man of four-score years and anticipates completing 
 his 60 years in preaching the simple Gospel of Christ. 
 
 June II, 1879, the Board of Trustees adopted the fol- 
 lowing resolution : "That Alanson Wilcox be employed as 
 Alanson Financial Agent of Hiram College for the' 
 
 Wilcox. coming year — his whole time to be given 
 
 to the interests of the college, providing that it can be done 
 without interfering with the present obligations of the 
 Board." At the time of his election Mr. Wilcox was not a 
 novice in the kind of work which was required of him. He 
 had had considerable experience in raising money and in 
 interesting the churches and people in special enterprises. 
 He was vigorous in body, quick in action, with tact that 
 enabled him to find the right side of approach generally 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1S83-1888. 285 
 
 without giving offense, a good evangel of the interests of 
 Hiram. He was especially valuable in interesting young 
 people in the school, and in searching for those who by their 
 wills would make the Institution a beneficiary. His annual 
 reports, extending over a period of five years, are models 
 in that they present in detail what he did, where he went, 
 and the results so far as they could be tabulated. At the 
 time of his service he found that the Disciples within the 
 territory traversed were not a wealthy people ; that having 
 made what property they had "by economy and not by com- 
 merce," they lacked a spirit of liberality in educational mat- 
 ters ; that the ministry of the Disciple churches were not 
 specially interested in the college and its work ; and that the 
 old students of Hiram lacked an enthusiasm in her behalf 
 that he had hoped to find. He also found the foot-tracks 
 of the agents of other colleges ahead of his. He made a 
 vigorous effort to change these conditions and he had a fair 
 measure of success. On his election as Corresponding Sec- 
 retary of the Ohio Christian Missionary Society in 1884, he 
 closed his work as Financial Agent of the college, though 
 his interest in behalf of Hiram and work in her behalf have 
 continued to the present time. In 1889 he was elected to the 
 Board of Trustees, a position he yet holds. He has held the 
 office of Secretary of the Board since 1898. Mr. Wilcox 
 was born in Hinckley, Medina county, Ohio, February 23, 
 1832. His father. Dr. Orlando Wilcox, was an eminent 
 physician of Connecticut birth and a strenuous advocate of 
 temperance. It is said of him that he organized the first 
 temperance society ever organized in Ohio. He traces his 
 ancestors back 260 years to the north of England. He re- 
 ceived his earliest education in the common school at Hinck- 
 ley, and in the academies at Hinckley and Richfield, and 
 Baldwin Institute at Berea. He entered Hiram as a student 
 in the fall of 1855 and received instruction from Thomas 
 
286 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Munnell, Norman Dunshee, Almeda Booth, H. W. Everest, 
 J. H. Rhodes and James A. Garfield. He was a student in 
 Hiram for three years and received a certificate of scholar- 
 ship from his teachers when he left. The college conferred 
 on him the degree of A. M. in 1892, and assigned him to the 
 Class of 1 87 1. He began to teach school at the age of six- 
 teen. He began to preach before leaving Hiram and occu- 
 pied pulpits at Garrettsville, Burton, Mantua, and Crestline, 
 in Ohio. He spent several years in Michigan at Vandalia, 
 and Paw Paw, where his work was successful. He then 
 evangelized in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. After this 
 he spent three years with the church at Muir, Michigan, and 
 in 1866 did evangelistic work in that state. From Michigan 
 he went to Worcester, Mass., where he remained three years, 
 in the meantime planting two churches in New Hampshire 
 and one in Rhode Island. From 1871 to 1873 he was pastor 
 of the Hazlewood Church, Pittsburg, Pa. From 1874 to 
 1878 he was pastor of the Franklin Avenue Church in Cleve- 
 land, O. From 1879 to 1884 he was Financial Agent of 
 Hiram College. From 1884 to 1895 he was Corresponding 
 Secretary of the Ohio Christian Missionary Society. From 
 that time he has been an all-around helper in Sunday-school, 
 college, and church work. At present he is pastor of the 
 Third Christian Church in Youngstown, Ohio. He has been 
 a faithful and tireless worker during all these years and is 
 worthy of the high regard in which he is held. Fie united 
 with the Church of Christ at Stow, O., in 185 1, and counts 
 himself as starting from that place, which he denominates 
 'The mother of preachers," for out from that church have 
 gone J. Carroll Stark, Leonard Southmayd, Alanson Wil- 
 cox, F. M. Green, George Musson, and others. 
 
 O. C. Atwater, as Financial Agent of the college, began , 
 his work April I, 1886, and continued until the new building 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888, 287 
 
 was completed in 1887. He had a diffi- 
 Orris C. Atwater. ciilt field to work and the obstacles in his 
 way were many, but with unfaltering 
 faith he proceeded on his mission until he reached a good 
 measure of success. His reports were not so plethoric of 
 money, as of certain other facts which impressed themselves 
 on him as he went on with his work. These facts represent 
 the experiences of all financial agents in a greater or less 
 degree. 
 
 First, he was requested not to canvass certain places, 
 thus closing the door for some possible returns ; second, he 
 was received by most people kindly, though occasionally the 
 reception was hostile ; third, he found that there was an un- 
 developed interest in the work, and for the most part this 
 interest centered in its religious work ; fourth, that it was 
 needful to push on the religious work of the college in order 
 to draw both pupils and funds from wide fields ; fifth, that 
 no help is so cheap or so effective as that of preachers when 
 they are once interested in the work. They are free agents 
 in the churches they represent ; sixth, there is need of con- 
 tinual advertising by the Financial Agent, in the papers, by 
 circulars, by the President, by the Faculty, by the preachers, 
 and by the students ; and finally, "Our churches have not 
 been enthusiastic about Hiram, because Hiram has not been 
 enthusiastic about them. Once show them that Hiram will 
 do the v/ork that they desire and help will be found for us.'* 
 Mr. Atwater's work was well done. His subscriptions were 
 carefully taken and there was but little shrinkage on col- 
 lection. 
 
 A brief chronology of his honorable and faithful life 
 follows : — Orris Clapp Atwater, the oldest son of Darwin 
 and Harriet Clapp Atwater, was born at Mantua, Portage 
 county, Ohio, September 6, 1833. He was educated first of 
 all, at home by godly parents. His school life began in the 
 
288 HISTORY OF KIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 district school of his vicinity. He entered Hiram in 1850 on 
 the first day of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. He 
 attended the school at Hiram about one term a year until 
 1858, when he went to Oberlin. He remained at Oberlin 
 through the college 3'ears 1859 and i860. In 1861 he entered 
 Williams College and graduated v/ith the class of that year, 
 receiving the academic Degree of A. B. In 1861-2 he taught 
 school at Edwardsport, Ind. September 3, 1862, he married 
 Miss Huldah A. Jackson, a student at Hiram for three years 
 and a graduate of Oberlin. In 1862 and 1863 he and his 
 wife taught at Eaton Rapids, Mich. From 1863 to 1865 he 
 and Mrs. Atwater taught in the High School of Circleville, 
 Ohio. In 1866 he was a teacher in the schools of Rushville, 
 Ind. During the same year he returned to Hiram to attend 
 the first course of lectures to preachers. From 1867 to 1872 
 he had charged of his father's farm in Mantua, preaching 
 on Sundays at Mantua, Shalersville, Newton Falls, and oc- 
 casionally elsewhere. July 8, 1873, he was formally set apart 
 to the ministry of the Word of God. In 1874 he preached 
 for a mission church at East Brimfield, Mass. From 1874 
 to 1879 he preached for the churches at Carthage and South 
 Butler, New York. From 1879 to 1884 he was pastor of 
 the church at Randolph, Ohio. From 1884 to 1887 he 
 preached at Mantua, and April i, 1886, he was elected Finan- 
 cial Agent of Hiram College and served for a little more 
 than one year. In 1887 he located at Greencastle, Ind., where 
 he remained until 1889. From 1890 to 1893 he preached in 
 lov/a and Nebraska, principally at Falls City and Kearney. 
 Since then his home has been at Bethany, Nebraska. From 
 here he goes out to preach but without removing his family. 
 His two children, Charles Jackson Atwater, and Ellen Bessie 
 Atwater, were both much loved students of Hiram College. 
 Ellen was at Fliram from 1884 to 1888, received the Degree 
 of A. B. from Cotner University in 1891, and at present is 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 289 
 
 Professor of History and English in that Institution. 
 Charles graduated at Hiram in 1888. He was also a gradu- 
 ate student in De Pauw University, and the University of 
 Chicago. After serving as Professor of Ancient Languages, 
 in Fairfield College, Nebraska, from 1892- 1894, and Pro- 
 fessor of Greek in Oskaloosa College, Iowa, from 1895 to 
 1896, he died greatly mourned at Oskaloosa March 4, 1897. 
 He was greatly beloved for many admirable qualities of mind 
 and heart. 
 
 In these sketches of Financial Agents from the found- 
 ing of the Eclectic Institute to the close of the period under 
 consideration no special mention is made of a large number 
 of persons who did much in raising money and creating 
 interest in the Institution ; but only those are sketched who 
 were formally elected by the Board as Financial Agents, and 
 in time and results made an impression on its affairs. Prin- 
 cipals and Presidents of the Institute and the College, mem- 
 bers of the Faculty, trustees, preachers, and distinguished 
 citizens, at one time or another, have done much in the 
 same field for the financial and other interests of Hiram, 
 and deserve to be remembered for what they have done. 
 
 Immediately on the resignation of President Laughlin 
 the Board began a search for a successor. After consider- 
 able correspondence Professor W. H. 
 Looking for a Woolery, of Bethany, West Va., was 
 New President. unanimously chosen, at a salary of $1,500. 
 June 7, 1887, Mr. Woolery accepted the 
 position. In his letter of acceptance to O. C. Atwater, Sec- 
 retary pro. teni. of the Board, he said : — "Yours of June 4, 
 informing me that I am elected President of Hiram College, 
 came to hand yesterday. I accept the position, and express 
 through you to the Board of Trustees my appreciation of 
 the high place with which they have honored me. I promise 
 with the co-operation of the friends of Hiram to work for 
 
290 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the continued usefulness of the school and for a large con- 
 stituency to which we may appeal. With many thanks for 
 the Board's confidence, Yours Fraternally, W. H. Woolery." 
 
 Mr. Woolery was a man of fine physical presence, a 
 well-cultured mind, a genial heart, and good executive abil- 
 ity, and his selection was looked upon with great favor by 
 the friends of Hiram who knew him. But in less than a 
 month from the date of his letter of acceptance he wrote 
 another recalling his acceptance and declining the election. 
 This letter v/as accompanied by one from President W. K. 
 Pendleton, of Bethany. It is not necessary to enter into 
 details concerning the matter. It is sufficient to say that the 
 reasons given for his change of attitude by Mr. Woolery 
 were accepted by the Board of Trustees of Hiram and a new 
 committee began its search for a President. That commit- 
 tee consisted of B. A. Hinsdale, William Bowler, and 
 Lathrop Cooley. 
 
 During the year ending June, 1888, the college was 
 without a President and the modest Professor of Mathe- 
 matics and Astronomy, Colman Bancroft, 
 Prof. c. Bancroft was chosen "Chairman of the Faculty" 
 Chairman of and acted as President for the year. In 
 the Facalty. his report June 14, 1888, to the Board of 
 Trustees Mr. Bancroft said: — "You are 
 familiar with the circumstances that led to my very reluctant 
 acceptance for the year now closing, of the title "Chairman 
 of the Faculty." This modest place brought upon me in 
 addition to the work of an instructor, a considerable part of 
 the duties usually devolving upon the College President. 
 Though unaccustomed to such duties, and having at my 
 disposal little time to do ail that clearly ought to be done 
 for a school by its presiding officer, the ready co-operation 
 of the Faculty has secured a fairly prosperous year. The 
 teachers have without exception been competent and thor- 
 ough in their instruction, and, for the most part, the students 
 
A CRISIS AND HOW IT WAS MET, 1883-1888. 29I 
 
 have taken satisfactory rank in their classes,'* An epidemic 
 of measles among the students seriously interfered with the 
 work of the winter term, and resulted fatally in the case of 
 two or three students. There had been, hov/ever, no serious 
 diminution of interest in any of the college departments and 
 the year came to its close with numerous signs of promise. 
 In the meantime the committee to select a President 
 had not been idle, and at a special meeting of the Board of 
 Trustees January i8, 1888, they made the 
 Election of following report : — "The undersigned 
 
 E. V. Zollars. committee respectfully recommend the 
 election of E. V. Zollars as President of 
 Hiram College at a salary of $1,600 per year, his term of 
 office to begin at the close of the current college year." The 
 report of the committee was unanimously adopted by the 
 Board and Mr. Zollars was declared elected. He was noti- 
 fied of the action of the Board and on March 5, 1888, his 
 letter of acceptance was received and placed on file. 
 
 At the close of Professor Bancroft's service as "Chair- 
 man of the Faculty," the Board expressed its appreciation of 
 his work in the following resolution : 
 ■D r -D i-^ "That the thanks of the Board of Trus- 
 
 Frof. Bancroft. 
 
 tees of Hiram College be hereby expressed 
 to Professor Bancroft for the invaluable service he has ren- 
 dered the college during the past year by acting as its Pres- 
 ident, and that we place on record our grateful recognition 
 of his faithful and efficient services." 
 
 The Institution had now passed thirty-eight years of 
 its history. It had had its days of doubt and its days of hope. 
 Sometimes its garments had been too small to cover its na- 
 kedness and again they were full size. 
 Getting Ready Through all of its difficulties and over all 
 for the New the obstacles in its way, it had made a 
 Administration. steady though slow progress until it was 
 recognized as a College of no mean rank. 
 
292 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 It had enlarged its material equipment until it was able to 
 accommodate a hoped-for increase of students. Its society 
 halls were new and handsomely furnished. Its Board of. 
 Trustees was composed of men, many of whom had never 
 flinched in the face of its greatest difficulties. 
 
 Its Faculty had been tried under the most adverse con- 
 ditions and had been found true. In temper they were con- 
 genial and they worked in harmony for the interests of the 
 College. Their pay was small but their hope was large. In 
 ability and experience they were able to command consider- 
 ation for the departments they respectively controlled. 
 
 The question of change of location had been hushed by 
 the logic of events ; and the evidence of a return to their 
 ''first love" was manifest on every hand among the old con- 
 stituency of Hiram. One had been called to the presidency 
 who was not a novice in the management of schools; and 
 although a stranger to the personal traditions of Hiram, 
 had fairly compassed the situation and was ready to act. 
 
 During the great contest at Gettysburg, when the life 
 of the Republic was the prize of battle, a color-bearer was 
 struck down, and then another and another, and courage 
 was put to the highest test. The colonel of the regiment 
 called one of his trusted men to him and said: "Sergeant, 
 take this flag, bear it aloft, do not surrender it in dishonor, 
 return with it or report the reason why." The sergeant re- 
 ceived the colors and marched against the pitiless hail of 
 war. He did not surrender and he did not return but when 
 the battle ceased his commander knew the reason why. The 
 Board of Trustees said to the President-elect, "Take the 
 banner of Hiram College and bear it unsullied and without 
 dishonor or report the reason why." He accepted the trust 
 and what he did, and how he did it, will be the interesting 
 subject of the next chapter of Hiram's history. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Hiram College — Administration of E. V. Zollars. 
 I 1888 — 1900. 
 
 There are certain qualities of mind and character essen- 
 tial in a College President to fit him for the successful ad- 
 ministration of college afi'airs. It is impossible to manufac- 
 ture College Presidents to order; like 
 Essential Elements poets they must be boHi, not made. He 
 in a should have judgment, tact, and be well- 
 
 College President, informed ; with grace of speech and "per- 
 sistent though cautious in method;" 
 joined to a natural fondness for administrative detail and 
 for problems of classification and of organization. And 
 above all he must have confidence in himself and faith in 
 his undertaking. 
 
 In the selection of E. V. Zollars the Board of Trustees 
 were fortunate. He had the essential qualities of mind and 
 character. Years of experience had demonstrated his ability 
 as an administrator of the details of a suc- 
 E. V. Zollars cessful school. He had a fixed and clear 
 a Good Selection, ideal of what a Christian College should 
 be, with confidence that it could be reached 
 if the proper assistance was rendered. In his acceptance of 
 the Presidency he was not hasty but took time to consider 
 the question from the various standpoints of personal in- 
 terest, local and general church interests, and the interests 
 of -Hiram College. February 10, 1888 he accepted the trust 
 in a letter of considerable length addressed to the Board of 
 
294 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Trustees of which the following are a few sentences : "Allow 
 me, first of all, to express to you my sin- 
 Mr. Zollars ^^^^ thanks for this mark of your confi- 
 Accepts dence, manifested in calling me to a po- 
 
 the Position. siticn not only honorable in itself, by rea- 
 son of the wonderful possibilities it af- 
 fords for doing a great and important work, but rendered 
 doubly so by reason of the able and distinguished men that 
 have filled it with such credit to themselves, to the Institu- 
 tion and to the cause of Christian education. Realizing the 
 weight of responsibility imposed by these considerations, I 
 would shrink from assuming such a burden were it not for 
 the fact that your call comes to me supplemented by the so- 
 licitations of disinterested m.en for whose judgment I have 
 a profound respect, and in opposition to which, I feel loath 
 to move. Another important circumstance in enabling me 
 to reach a decision is the fact that your call invites me to a 
 kind of work to which I have given ten years of valuable 
 time, and for which I have a passionate fondness. Moved, 
 therefore, by the advice of m.en of discriminating judgment, 
 who know me and understand the work to v/hich you call 
 me ; attracted both by the greatness of the work and my per- 
 sonal love for it; looking upon the successful past history 
 of Hiram College as the guarantee of an honorable 
 future, I am constrained to accept your most flat- 
 tering call, believing that in doing so I am moving not simply 
 in a path marked out for me by the judgment of wise yet 
 fallible men, but in a line of duty to which I am called by the 
 Divine Father, to whom I may, therefore confidently look 
 for wisdom and support in discharge of the grave responsi- 
 bilities imposed upon me. To maintain the present high lit- 
 erary standard of the Institution, and at the same time sup- 
 plement the various courses with such a liberal measure of 
 Bible study as the exigencies of the case and the demands 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 295 
 
 of the times require, is, in my judgment, the problem of the 
 immediate future. Furthermore the question of ministerial 
 education is one of increasing interest and transcendent im- 
 portance. Never before was the call for educated preachers 
 so great as it is at the present time. To the solution of these 
 questions I shall, therefore, give my best thought and great- 
 est energies, being strengthened by the consciousness that I 
 shall have your most hearty sympathy and co-operation, as 
 well as the cordial support of Hiram's many friends." 
 
 When Mr. Zollars entered upon his work as President 
 of Hiram College he was 41 years of age. Physically he 
 ^ was strong and his body was built for 
 
 Character Sketch hard service. His mind had been well 
 disciplined by his college course and by 
 many years of service as teacher. He was a good judge of 
 men and strong in his power to persuade them. He had an 
 idea that a teacher who could teach was one who could "push 
 forward the limits of human knowledge in some direction, 
 or who could add to the interpretations of the knowledge 
 which we already possess ; and that he must be devoted to 
 a particular line of study ; and must have the power to pur- 
 sue researches, the will to continue and interpret them, and 
 the magnetic attraction which will draw students to them 
 and fire them with his teacher zeal and ambition." This 
 ability enabled him to usually select the right persons for his 
 assistants in school and College work. His parents were 
 Christians and they did not neglect the heart culture of their 
 son. From his mother's knee he was trained in a life of 
 virtue and of Christian service. He became a member of the 
 Christian Church June 7, 1863, and along the pathway he 
 then entered he has not faltered for a day. He entered Beth- 
 any College in 1871 and graduated from that institution in 
 1875, sharing the first honors of the classical Course with 
 E. T. Williams, now a missionary in China, delivering the 
 
296 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Greek salutatory. Shortly before his graduation he began 
 preaching, a business for which he showed a decided talent. 
 Mr. Zollars is a strong preacher, and on great occasions 
 his efforts are of the best. His Baccalaureate sermons have 
 been superior in thought and expression. He is especially 
 strong in enforcing the moral phases of his theme, and in 
 his power of persuasion. For a year after his graduation he 
 taught Ancient Languages in Bethany College. He then 
 spent a year as Financial Agent of the College with good 
 success, making a thorough canvass wherever he went. It 
 was of little use for another to follow him after he had gone 
 over the field. He became President of Kentucky Classical 
 and Business College at North Middletown, Ky., in 1877, 
 and remained there until 1884, when he was elected Presi- 
 dent of Garrard Female College at Lancaster, Ky., where he 
 remained one year, resigning to accept a call to the pastor- 
 ate of the Christian Church at Springfield, Illinois, from 
 whence he came to Hiram in 1888. 
 
 The blood of the sturdy Hollander and the dauntless 
 Puritan mingles in his veins. His great-grandmother was 
 the daughter of a soldier of the Revolutionary War. Socially 
 he is warm-hearted and sympathetic, quick to perceive and 
 prompt to act, and his friendships are strong and abiding. 
 Of academic degrees he received that of A. B. and A. M. 
 from Bethany and LL. D. from Hiram. He is of restless 
 temperament and his energy is incarnate 
 E. V. Zollars' in every vital force of his distinctly 
 Chronology. marked personality. Much was expected 
 of him when he came to Hiram and much 
 has been accomplished. A brief chronology of his life fol- 
 lows : 
 
 E. V. Zollars was born Sept. 19th, 1847, ^^ ^ ia.rm near 
 lower Salem, Washington County, Ohio. He attended a 
 select school in Marietta, Ohio, taught by Miss Mary Cone 
 
ADMINISTRATION OP E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 297 
 
 for about two years in i860 and 1861. Attended prepara- 
 tory department of Marietta College for about two years 
 from 1862 to 1863, completing the work required for en- 
 trance to the freshman class of this institution. Clerked in 
 a grocery store in Marietta in 1864 and married October 
 26th, 1865 to Miss Hulda Louise McAtee of Washington 
 County, Ohio. Engaged in mercantile business for a short 
 time in 1865. Engaged in farming in Washington County 
 from the spring of 1866 to the summer of 1871. Entered 
 Bethany College 1871, graduated from Bethany College in 
 1875. Taught in Bethany the session of 1875 and ''J^i, filling 
 the adjunct chair of Ancient Languages. Acted as Financial 
 Secretary Bethany College 1876 and 1877, still retaining the 
 position of adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages. Re- 
 signed work in Bethany College in June, 1877 and accepted 
 the presidency of Kentucky Classical and Business College, 
 iilling this position for seven years. Became President of 
 Garrard Female College in the fall of 1884. Became pas- 
 tor of the church at Springfield, 111., 1885. Served in this 
 capacity three years. Became President Hiram College, 
 1888. The following is a list of books and pamphlets writ- 
 ten by E. V. Zollars : 1893 and 1894, Holy Book and Sacred 
 Day, a work on Biblical introduction printed in Garrettsville 
 and issued by Standard Publishing Co. 1894 and 1895, Bible 
 Geography, published by Standard Publishing Co. 1895, 
 Great Salvation, being a discussion of the first principles of 
 the gospel. Published by Standard Publishing Co. He- 
 brew Prophecy. This book is in process of preparation at 
 the present time and is nearly completed ; besides numerous 
 pamphlets. 
 
 The first Faculty of Hiram College led by President 
 Zollars consisted of Colman Bancroft, Professor of Mathe- 
 matics and Astronomy; George H. Colton, Kerr Professor 
 
298 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 of Natural Science ; George A. Peckham, 
 
 President Zollars Professor of Ancient Languages and Lit- 
 
 and his Faculty. erature ; Arthur C. Pierson, Professor of 
 
 English Literature and Modern Lan- 
 guages; Bailey S. Dean, Professor of History; Edwin L. 
 Hall, Adjunct Professor of Ancient Languages; Mary B. 
 Hamilton, Principal of the Ladies' Department; Addie L. 
 Zollars, Teacher of Music; Lilian E. Morgan, Teacher of 
 Painting; Benjamin F. Pritchard, Principal of Commercial 
 Department; A. B. Russell, Teacher of Elocution; W. H. 
 Mooney, and G. A. Ragan, Tutors in English and Prepar- 
 atory Departments. Several of these were teachers of long 
 experience and held a high place as scholars in their respect- 
 ive departments. In 1890 Edmund B. Wakefield was elected 
 Professor of Political Science and Biblical Theology; Wil- 
 liam A. Knight, Assistant in English Department; E. A. 
 Ott, Teacher of Elocution; John Shackson, J. B. Works, 
 Mrs. A. A. McCorkle, Angle B. Proctor and H. D. Messick, 
 Tutors in English and Preparatory Departments. In 1891 
 a few new names appear: Cora M. Clark was elected Pro- 
 fessor of Modern Languages; Helen B. Pettibone, Princi- 
 pal of Ladies' Department; C. B. Ellinwood, Assistant 
 Teacher of Music; Helen E. King and Jennie A. Robison, 
 Teachers of Painting; Carl B. Harris, Principal of Commer- 
 cial Department ; and John G. Scorer, Teacher of Elocution. 
 In 1892 the names of H. H. Hov/ard, Teacher of Paint- 
 ing, and Calvin C. Ryder, Instructor in Natural Science, ap- 
 pear. In 1893 Alonzo Skidmore appears as Professor of 
 English and Instructor in Ancient Languages ; Lola E. Scott, 
 Instructor in the English Department and in Mathematics ; 
 Mrs. Emma J. Dean, Teacher of China Decoration and Pas- 
 tel ; Homer W. Campbell, Principal of the Business Depart- 
 ment ; Mrs. Hattie L. Barclay^ Principal of Ladies' Depart- 
 ment ; John T. Bridwell and Myrta G. Parsons, Tutors. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 188S-19OO. 299 
 
 In 1894 Harlan M. Page was elected Professor of Bi- 
 ology and Medical Science; Marcia Henry, Instructor in An- 
 cient Languages and English; Arthur G. Harshman, Teacher 
 of Music ; A. M. Newins, Teacher of Elocution ; Miss Mary 
 Graybiel, Principal of Ladies* Department ; and E. J. Smith, 
 Tutor in Mathematics. 
 
 In 1895 Marcia Henry became Principal of the Ladies' 
 Department, a position she holds to the present time ; Silas 
 Warren Pearcy, Assistant in Ancient Languages; Lula 
 Freeman Pearcy, Teacher of Music ; Alice Cornelia Brooks, 
 Teacher of Landscape Painting; William Edward Adams, 
 Principal Department of Oratory; Lora Elma Wire, In- 
 structor in Physical Culture and Elocution; Grace Green- 
 wood Finch, Instructor in Physical Culture ; and Belle Grif- 
 fith, Delia P. Hart, Mary B. Logue, Charles A. Niman, Ver- 
 non Stauffer, Mary Wilson, Tutors in Preparatory Depart- 
 ment. In 1896 Hugh McDiarmid was elected Professor of 
 New Testament Introduction and Christian Doctrine ; Mrs. 
 Dasa Boden, Teacher of Landscape Painting; Robert P. 
 Shepherd, Instructor in Law and Political Science; Elmer 
 E. Snoddy, Instructor in Greek ; Risher W. Thornberry, and 
 Olive D. Pearcy, Instructors in Gymnasium Work; and 
 Charles G. Phillips, Helen Stoolfire, Lulu Phinney, Ella R. 
 Dodd, Eugene B. Dyson, Walter S. Hertzog, William D. 
 Van Voorhis, Marc O. Pinney, Laura F. Craft, Tutors in 
 Preparatory Department. 
 
 In 1897 Mayme C. Fuller became Assistant Instructor 
 in Oratory; Eugene Feuchtinger, Director of Music Con- 
 servatory and Teacher of Voice Culture, Piano, Composi- 
 tion, Theory and History; Allie M. Dean, Teacher of Flov/er 
 and Figure Painting ; James Earnest Dean, Teacher of Free 
 Hand and Mechanical Drawing ; and ErrettW. McDiarmid, 
 Tutor in Latin. 
 
 In 1898 Kate S. Parmly was elected Assistant in Ladies' 
 
300 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Department and Teacher of Elocution; Clara L. Whissen, 
 Teacher of Piano and Violin ; Elisha Blackburn, F. B. Mes- 
 sing, Elizabeth Carlton, Instructors in Gymnasium Work; 
 and J. A. Miller, R. O. Newcomb, Karl Hertzog, Elizabeth 
 Scott, Tutors in Latin, Algebra, German, and English. 
 
 In 1899 Ellsworth F. Burch was chosen Teacher of 
 Commercial Arithmetic and Correspondence ; and C. M. 
 Young, S. H. Calender, F. C. Landsittel, Tutors of French 
 and English. 
 
 In 1900 Frank Home Kirkpatrick was elected Professor 
 of Oratory; William McKenzie, Principal of the Business 
 Department ; Josephine E. Line, Instructor in Physical 
 Training ; and J. W. Wiseman, W. W. Frost, W. W. Wager, 
 Tutors. 
 
 The annual reports of President Zollars are clear, com- 
 prehensive, and in detail cover all departments in the life and 
 progress of the College. No better view 
 
 "^^^ can be had of the internal affairs of the 
 
 Annual Reports of ^ ^ j t. -i. 1 • r i.i- 
 
 T, -J . -^ 11 Collesre, and no better e^eneral view of the 
 President Zollars. ^ ' ° 
 
 condition of the various interests involved, 
 
 than is furnished by these annual reports. 
 
 President Zollars made his first report to the Board of 
 
 Trustees in 1889. It was the twenty-second annual report 
 
 of the Institution since it was incorporated as a College. The 
 
 total increase by terms in the enrollment 
 1889 
 
 was 102. The excess of enrollment over 
 
 the preceding year was 30. The per cent of gain 22. The 
 
 total enrollment by terms was 545, which represented 251 
 
 different students. Of the year's progress Mr. Zollars said : 
 
 "Hiram College has passed through the most prosperous 
 
 year in its history. Never before has the future 
 
 seemed so full of promise. The problem as to how 
 
 the new lines of work could be carried on without 
 
 in any way curtailing or weakening the former work 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 18S8-I9OO. 3OI 
 
 has been solved. The friends of the College have 
 shown a disposition to lend such financial support as 
 may be necessary to accomplish the much desired object. 
 Such interest and enthusiasm seem to have sprung up for 
 Hiram and its work, that today we are enabled to look into 
 the future with highest anticipations and fondest hopes." 
 The permanent producing endowment of the college was rep- 
 resented as $51,240, and a temporary five-year endowment 
 had been secured during the year of $30,000. The income 
 from tuition was $4,300, and the total income $8,731. A new 
 piano was purchased, improvements had been made in the 
 Laboratory, and some repairs on the College buildings which 
 created a deficit of less than two hundred dollars. The Col- 
 lege had been well advertised during the year through the 
 College paper, the weekly papers published by the Disciples, 
 by willing friends, by the Faculty and by the President. 
 
 The report for 1890 was full of hope and enthusiasm. 
 The permanent endowment fund was reported at $53,652.26. 
 The temporary endowment had reached $61,500, and the 
 
 entire income from all sources was $14,- 
 1890 
 
 193.18. Permanent improvements had 
 
 been made at a cost of $2,060.72, on which there was a de- 
 ficit of $1,140.39. The increase in the number of students 
 had been sufiicient to increase the tuition receipts to 
 $6,029.33. The total number of different students enrolled 
 had reached 324, and the total by terms 746. Of this num- 
 ber 27 were pursuing the Classical Course ; ^2 the Philosoph- 
 ical; 20 the Ministerial; 106 the Scientific; and 9 the Special 
 Ministerial Course. 
 
 Of the year's work and results President Zollars said: 
 "In visiting churches during the past year in Hiram's inter- 
 est! have discovered that the Institution has a firm hold upon 
 the affections of a large number of people. I have yet the 
 first appeal to make for Hiram without meeting with a gen- 
 
302 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 erous response. The feeling is not only one of interest but 
 of real enthusiasm. True, we have many hard problems yet 
 to solve, many difficulties still to overcome, but the success 
 of the past and the honor and love in which Hiram is held 
 give me large hope for the future. Great possibilities are 
 certainly within our reach." 
 
 The report for 1891 opens with the declaration that, *Tn 
 a history covering twenty-four years of college work, the 
 chapter that the session of 1890-91 has added, deserves an 
 important, if not indeed the first 
 place." The number of different stu- 
 dents enrolled was 325, and the total by terms 759. 
 Of the different students there were 205 gentlemen, and 120 
 ladies. Mr. B. F. Pritchard, who had charge of the Com- 
 mercial Department of the College, died. He was a faithful 
 worker and much beloved by all who knew him. The per- 
 manent endowment fund was reported as $61,199.23, and 
 the temporary endowment as $63,077. The receipts from 
 tuition were $6,324.51, and from all sources $16,576.79. In 
 closing his report President Zollars said: "Everything 
 looks hopeful and encouraging. Everywhere throughout 
 the State the interest in Hiram is rapidly grov/ing, as well 
 as in many other States. The churches approve our work 
 and are more willing to assist us than ever before. My ap- 
 peals for help have met with uniform success. We hear of 
 many new students who expect to come and a smaller per 
 cent, of our old students will drop out at the end of the year 
 than heretofore. There is a general feeling of hopefulness 
 and confidence among Faculty and students that is truly in- 
 spiring. To the College authorities the future never looked 
 so bright as it does to-day." 
 
 In beginning his report for 1892 President Zollars said: 
 "We are brought to the satisfactory close of the most sue- 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 303 
 
 cessful year that Hiram College has ever 
 witnessed. The Hiram tide, which has 
 been gradually rising for the past four years, reached pro- 
 portions during the past session exceeding the expectations 
 of its most ardent friends. We need no longer look into the 
 past to see what may be accomplished in the way of num- 
 bers, but we may confidently look to the future for still 
 greater things. The question of numbers will be largely 
 determined by the facilities which Hiram shall provide for 
 taking care of those who may desire to come. The indica- 
 tions are that our numbers will increase faster than our 
 facilities will grow." 
 
 During the year 372 different students were enrolled, 
 and a total by terms of 860. These were distributed in the 
 Classical Course, 37; Long Ministerial Course, 31; Philo- 
 sophical Course, 61; Scientific Course, 50; Four Years' Lit- 
 erary Course, 45 ; and Four Years' Ministerial Course, 33. 
 The permanent endowment fund had reached $69, 198. 15, 
 and the temporary endowment yielded returns from $60,000. 
 The total receipts for the year were $17,614.87, and the total 
 expenses were $15,960.97. In the conclusion of the report 
 President Zollars said: 'The work that Hiram College is 
 doing is meeting with general favor, as is shown by the con- 
 tinually increasing attendance. We confidently expect a still 
 larger increase of patronage during the coming year." 
 
 The report for 1893 was full of the elements represent- 
 ing substantial growth. The results were very gratifying 
 to the Faculty, the Board of Trustees, and 
 the rapidly growing constituency of the 
 College. The glory of each year had been swallowed up by 
 the greater glory of the year that followed, and so filled the 
 President with the hope that like the path of the just, the 
 future course of the Institution might be as "the shining 
 light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day." 
 
304 
 
 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Thirty States and countries were represented in its student 
 body, the larger portion, of course, being from Ohio. The 
 intellectual standard of the school was high, and the moral 
 tone exalted. The religious life was vigorous, and the phys- 
 ical man was not neglected. True manhood and womanhood 
 at Hiram counted for more than anything else. The false 
 and superficial standards of wealth or position are swept 
 away by the higher considerations of real merit. An honest, 
 earnest young person, possessed of noble purpose and high 
 ideals, becomes at once a member of Hiram's aristocracy, 
 "no matter how poor and humble he may be." 
 
 The total number of different students enrolled during 
 the year was 405 ; and the total by terms 931, a large increase 
 over the preceding year. The invested funds of the perma- 
 nent endowment and permanent endowment notes had reach- 
 ed an aggregate of $115,000. The cost of the school for the 
 year had reached $18,300, of which about $600 were for 
 permanent improvements. A detailed list of donors to the 
 silver jubilee endowment fund was given, their gifts amount- 
 ing to $75,333-92. More money had been contributed to the 
 College than in any other single year of its history. 
 
 The report for 1894 did not reveal an increase in patron- 
 age, but notwithstanding the great business depression that 
 existed throughout the country, causing a 
 ^^^^' serious loss of patronage to many schools, 
 
 the average term enrollment was up to that of any former 
 year. The work accomplished during the year was of excel- 
 lent quality, and the results were very gratifying. 
 
 The President said : "Hiram can in no sense be consid- 
 ered a local school. True, it draws very largely from North- 
 eastern Ohio, but every section of the State is represented, 
 and we also have students from at least twenty-five other 
 States and countries. Not only has Hiram won a national 
 reputation, but she is rapidly securing a national patronage/' 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-19OO. 305 
 
 The number of different students enrolled was 395, of 
 whom 253 were young men and 142 were young women. 
 The total enrollment by terms was 925. 
 
 The total income from all sources for the year was 
 $20,350, and the amount expended for permanent improve- 
 ments $3,396.62. During the College year Harmon Austin, 
 vv'lio had been a life-long friend of the College, died, which 
 led the President to say : *'In his departure Hiram College 
 sustains a loss that will be deeply felt. Hiram cannot boast 
 of massive buildings, large endowments or extensive equip- 
 ments, but she is rich in the memory of many great and 
 noble souls, who have labored unselfishly in her advance- 
 ment." 
 
 In opening his report for 1895 President Zollars said: 
 "We are permitted under Divine Providence to chronicle the 
 history of another most prosperous ses- 
 sion; perhaps, all things considered, we 
 may say, the most prosperous year that our College has ever 
 passed through. The winter and spring terms have shown a 
 decided increase over the corresponding terms of any pre- 
 vious year, which, considering the general business depres- 
 sion, must be regarded as phenomenal. It is the universal 
 verdict that the work of the school was never more satis- 
 factory, and the quality of the students is a cause for pro- 
 foundest satisfaction. It has never been my privilege to 
 come in contact with a body of students of higher moral and 
 intellectual quality." 
 
 The number of different students had reached 395, and 
 the total by terms 939. The receipts for current expenses for 
 the year vs^ere $17,169.20. The President, under the direc- 
 tion of the Board of Trustees, devoted a large portion of his 
 time to the financial interests of the College, and the results 
 were, for the time actually engaged, $500 a week. Mean- 
 while the Financial Secretary, Mr. O. G. Hertzog, had re- 
 
306 HISTORY OP HIRAM COLLEGE, 
 
 ceived, in pledges, money and various gifts, $10,095.70. The 
 hamlet of Hiram had grown in a substantial way, thus add- 
 ing to the accommodations for the school. 
 
 The report for 1896 showed the largest average term 
 attendance in the history of the school. The work of the 
 school had been highly satisfactory and 
 marked by great earnestness on the part 
 of the student body. This was accounted for in part **by the 
 very high intellectual and moral character of the Hiram stu- 
 dents, in part by the fact that a large majority of the students 
 were self-supporting, and consequently were working with a 
 definite purpose in view, and in part by the location of the 
 College relieving them from distracting influences, and en- 
 abling the students to concentrate their thought and energy 
 upon the immediate work in hand." Looking backward 
 seven or eight years and comparing with the present, Hiram 
 had doubled itself in several particulars, viz : In the capac- 
 ity of the town to accommodate students ; in the actual num- 
 ber of students in attendance ; in the number of courses of- 
 fered ; in the number of studies provided ; in the number of 
 professors and teachers; in its endowment; in its income; 
 in its buildings ; and in the number of its alumni. 
 
 During the year there were 422 different students, and 
 a total by terms of 1,018. The receipts from all sources for 
 College purposes were $19,605.46. The total of invested 
 funds was $84,417.41. As the College had grown in the in- 
 crease of public interest, and the enlargement of its student 
 body, its expenditures and necessities had correspondingly 
 increased, and the President's recommendations for more 
 endowment, more teachers, more apparatus, more library 
 and more of many other things were persistent and emphatic. 
 The report of 1897 showed a less number of students 
 than were enrolled in the preceding year ; though the number 
 of different students enrolled reached 400, and the total by 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 307 
 
 terms was 934. This falling off was 
 1897 
 
 generally attributed to the financial 
 
 stringency of the country at that time. The year, 
 however, had been very satisfactory in the work done 
 in the College, in the improvements in buildings, and espe- 
 cially in the completion of the new Y. M. C. A. building. 
 Of the new building the President said : "We scarcely knew 
 how badly we needed this building until we got it. We felt 
 the pressure of more room very greatly and knew that our 
 work was suffering for lack of room, but since we have got- 
 ten into the new building we do not see how we got along 
 without it so long. We now have sufficient room for our 
 present teaching force." The receipts for the year from all 
 sources, for current work, were $21,487.52, of which 
 $7,733.84 were from tuition. The friends of the College had 
 abundant reason for rejoicing in the success of the year. 
 
 The report for 1898 was very encouraging and hopeful. 
 The falling off the year before had been more than made 
 
 Sfood. The enrollment had reached 
 1898 
 
 421 different students and a total by 
 
 terms of 1,015. The receipts for the year amounted 
 to $25,142.86 and the disbursements to $24,864.15. 
 The total invested funds of the college amounted to $85,- 
 486.21 ; and the aggregate value of the college property, in- 
 cluding endowment, was represented as $204,333.18. The 
 imperative need of a large endowment was emphasized by 
 the President. It now^ costs the College in round numbers 
 $20,000 to carry on its work; and in his judgment it v/as 
 ''practically impossible for Hiram College to do less work 
 than it is now doing. There is not a single department cf 
 w^ork that we can cut off without seriously crippling the 
 school." On the question of more endowment he said: 'Tt 
 will be seen that more endowment is imperatively demanded 
 if the school is to be placed on an enduring basis. At pres- 
 
3^^ HISTORY OF PIIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ent the legitimate income of the school from tuition and en- 
 dowment falls, at least, four thousand dollars short of meet- 
 ing the necessary current expenses. This would soon bank- 
 rupt the school if it were not provided for in some way. An 
 additional endowment of one hundred thousand dollars 
 would solve the Hiram problem for an indefinite time ,to 
 come. No measures should be left untried that promise to 
 secure this much-needed endowment. This is the one over- 
 shadowing problem that the Board of Trustees of Hiram 
 College are compelled to confront." 
 
 President Zollars, in his report for 1899, says: 'Tt 
 affords me great pleasure to say that the year just closing 
 
 has been most satisfactorv in all respects. 
 1899 " 
 
 We have made the largest enrollment the 
 
 Institution has ever had. Each term shows an increase in 
 attendance over the corresponding term of any previous 
 year. While this increase has not been large, yet it is suffi- 
 cient to show that the vitality of the school has not been lost 
 or impaired. The fact is being demonstrated every year that 
 the growth of the last few years is not spasmodic or uncer- 
 tain and liable to be followed by reaction, but, on the con- 
 trary, that it is solid and substantial, and has a basis in the 
 growing confidence of the people in the work and stability of 
 the Institution." 
 
 The necessity for a larger income to meet the expenses 
 of the college was made apparent by the increasing patron- 
 age, and the increase in the number of teachers to supply the 
 demand. A committee had been appointed by the Board of 
 Trustees to formulate a plan for the raising of the much- 
 needed endowment. This cortimittee decided to inaugurate 
 a movement to add two hundred and fifty thousand dollars 
 to the endowment of Hiram College by the close of its jubi- 
 lee year — the fiftieth since the Institution was opened for stu- 
 dents. This plan contemplated a "popular movem.ent" in 
 which a large number would be interested in its success. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E, V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 309 
 
 The enrollment by terms reached the large number of 
 1,075, represented by 443 different students. Of these 93 
 had decided to enter the ministry; 7 to be missionaries; 81 
 teachers; 23 studied music; 28 medicine; 41 law; the remain- 
 der undecided. 
 
 The number of students from other States and countries 
 had become so large that several clubs or associations had 
 been formed to cultivate fraternal relationships, for social 
 pleasure, and to keep the interests of Hiram before their re- 
 spective localities. These organizations were knov/n as *Tlie 
 Empire State Club," "Canadian Society," *''Pennsylvan"a 
 Club," "Indiana Club," and "Dixie Club."' 
 
 The receipts of the college for the 3^ear ^vere $27,043.93, 
 of which $8,686 were from tuition. In closing his report the 
 President said : "The great w^ork of the past simply makes 
 a much larger future work a possibility. A great weight of 
 responsibility is laid upon those to whom the destiny of the 
 Institution has been committed. We cannot be satisfied to 
 do even as well as our predecessors have done. We must do 
 much better or we will do much worse. The history, the 
 prestige, the glory of the past lay upon us a burden of re- 
 sponsibility which we dare not, which we must not cast 
 aside." 
 
 The report for 1900 showed the college receipts from 
 
 all sources to be $24,642.77, of which $10,356.50 v/ere from 
 
 tuition. This was the largest amount ever 
 
 1900. . J . r ^ V- • 
 
 received m any one year from tuition, in 
 the history of the Institution. 
 
 The enrollment of students included the names of 436 
 different students, of whom 200 were ladies, and 236 gentle- 
 men, and the total enrollment by terms reached 1,080. The 
 personnel of the student body had never been better. The 
 moral tone of the school had been of the best quality, and 
 the religious life intense. There had not been a case calling 
 
3IO HISTORY OF HIRAiSI COLLEGE. 
 
 for discipline during the 5'ear; and with an average term 
 attendance of 360 this fact was remarkable. The reports 
 from the various departments of the College were indicative 
 of strength and progress. Each Professor and Teacher 
 made a report from his particular field. The Conservatory 
 of Music, under the direction of Prof. Eugene Feuchtinger, 
 with only three years behind it, began the year with a large 
 attendance, which was kept up during the year. 
 
 The literary societies — the Delphic, Hesperian, Olive 
 Branch, Alethean, and Garfield — all had had marked suc- 
 cess during the year. There were students enough from 
 New England to form a "New England Club," which its 
 members hoped would be sufficiently strong to become a con- 
 necting link to "closely join our far-away New England to 
 our dear old Hiram Hill." 
 
 In closing his comprehensive and carefully detailed re- 
 port, President Zollars said: "Fifty years of history are 
 completed. From small beginnings the Institution has stead- 
 ily grown, strengthening itself with each year. Wonderful 
 has been the work accomplished. Its name and history are 
 cherished by thousands of those who have enjoyed the bene- 
 fits of the instruction it has given, and by tens of thousands 
 who know it only because of the reputation it has made and 
 because of the work that it has done. Hundreds of earnest 
 young men and women have gone forth from the Institution 
 during these fifty years who have left a deep impress upon 
 the day and generation in which they lived. Their influence 
 has been felt to the very ends of the earth. In the pulpit, in 
 medicine, in law, in business, in all the varied fields of human 
 activity Hiram men have honored themselves and the Insti- 
 tution by the efficient service that they have rendered. This 
 current of young life that has been flowing out from Hiram 
 these fifty years with an ever-increasing volume, has been a 
 stream of blessing to the whole wide world. The work has 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 18S8-I90O. 3II 
 
 been done in a modest, unpretentious way. There has been 
 no flourish of trumpets, no pompous displa}^, but quietly^ 
 modestly, yet with wonderful efficiency, the work has moved 
 forward with ever-increasing momentum like the current of 
 a mighty river. To-day we stand looking both to the past 
 and to the future. We feel that a great weight of responsi- 
 bility rests upon us. We must do a great deal better than 
 Hiram has ever done or we will do a great deal worse. There 
 are traditions to be cherished, there are ideals to be upheld,, 
 there are lofty purposes to be fostered, there is noble service 
 to be emulated. The great sacrifices of the past, which are 
 indeed the glory of Hiram, demand greater sacrifice of us 
 to-da}' because of the larger possibilities wnthin our reach. 
 The noble workers who have been connected with Pliram in 
 the past point out to us the line of duty that lies before us^ 
 and indicate the high grade of service that is demanded at 
 our hands. It is not sufficient that we hold Hiram up to the 
 early standards. The Hiram of the early day was a mighty 
 advance upon the standards of its time, but we must recog- 
 nize the exalted position that the Hiram of the past occupied 
 and see that the Hiram of the present is lifted up to the high- 
 est standards of to-day, and that it shall maintain that lofty 
 position that the ever-advancing standards of the future shall 
 demand. Truly we may be thankful to our Heavenly Father 
 for what, under Him, we have been able to achieve. We 
 may certainly take an honest pride in a worthy work well 
 done; but let us turn our faces to the future, and with an 
 unwavering trust invoke the help of Him wdio has never for- 
 saken us, and go forward to our duties with strong faith and 
 large expectations. Let us make the past glorious as it has. 
 been, but the beginning of the great things along the line of 
 higher education that shall be wrought out by the Hiram of 
 the future, so that our children, when the centennial shall 
 have come, will rejoice in the Hiram of that day as we now 
 rejoice in the Hiram, of the present." 
 
313 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 There are some elements in these annual reports that are 
 particularly noticeable, and which reveal the character of 
 President ZoUars. Among them is the 
 Character of broad and comprehensive view which he 
 Annual Reports. takes of the College requirements, present 
 and prospective, and his distinct percep- 
 tion of what is needed to meet these requirements. His an- 
 nual reports show a patience of detail that is remarkable. 
 Nothing is overlooked, and every worker and every depart- 
 ment receives its due recognition. And though he sees the 
 difficulties of the situation and with vigor insists on having 
 what ought to be had, and must be had, in order to meet these 
 difficulties, he does not become despondent if the response is 
 not as immediate as he could wish; but with an optimism 
 that always carries encouragement, he sheds the light of his 
 faith and hope upon the problem, and with invincible courage 
 throws the whole power of his personality upon it until it is 
 solved. He has thrown no doubt on the educational function 
 of the presidential office ; but he has exalted the administra- 
 tive side of the office so that the twelve years of his admin- 
 istration have shown, with no disparagement to any other, 
 that a master has been at the head of the school. 
 
 Beginning with a total of 221 different students, and a 
 total by terms of 443 in 1888, the successive years have shown 
 a change in these respective numbers as follows: 1889, 251 
 and 545; 1890, 324 and 746; 1891, 325 and 759; 1892, 372 
 and 860; 1893, 405 and 931; 1894, 395 and 925; 1895, 395 
 and 939; 1896, 422 and 1,018; 1897, 400 and 934; 1898, 421 
 and 1,015; 1899, 443 and 1,075; 1 900, 436 and 1,080; or, 
 counting by years, 4,589 different students, or counting by 
 terms, 10,827; or an average per year of 382 different stu- 
 dents, and by terms 301. 
 
 By years and by terms the figures that follow represent 
 the number of the student body from the opening of the col- 
 
CAMPUS IN WINTER. From College Towek, Looking East. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO, 313 
 
 lege proper to the administration of Presi- 
 
 Similar Statistics dent Zollars : 1867, 308 and 526; 1868, 
 
 from 1867-1888. 2^^ and 403 ; 1869, 278 and 438 ; 1870, 267 
 
 and 401; 1 87 1, 302 and 483; 1872, 270 
 
 and 390; 1873, 235 and 373; 1874, 233 and 368; 1875, 179 
 
 and 288; 1876, 153 and 262; 1877, 201 and 320; 1878, 169 
 
 and 283; 1879, 209 and 391; 1880, 214 and 387; 1881, 205 
 
 and 384; 1882, 224 and 411; 1883, 202 and 375; 1884, 205 
 
 and 406; 1885, 190 a^<i 373^ 1^6, 186 and 378; 1887, 221 
 
 and 443, or a total for twenty-one years of 4,728 students, 
 
 and by terms of 8,083, an average per year of 225, and by 
 
 terms of 128. 
 
 All of the Presidents of Hiram. College have been men 
 physically and mentally capable of hard work, and their 
 power of endurance has been tested to the 
 Hiram Presidents extreme limit. Like the rest, President 
 Hard Workers. Zollars has been a very busy man. Be- 
 sides his administrative duties he has can- 
 vassed a large number of the Disciple churches of Ohio and 
 many in other States in the interest of the college; visited 
 and preached at great meetings and conventions; written 
 books for the class-room and the people ; conducted an im- 
 mense correspondence; taught his classes in the college; 
 kept in touch and informed in the work of other institutions 
 of learning ; prepared elaborate lectures on a variety of sub- 
 jects for the college ; and as a solicitor for the finances of the 
 College he has gone far beyond the best results of any of his 
 predecessors, in the entire history of the Institution. They, 
 indeed, laid the foundation on which he has builded so rap- 
 idly and so successfully, and all are entitled to rejoice with 
 him in the success that has followed their works. 
 
 In 1888, besides the annual catalogue, a general cata- 
 logue of the Institution from the beginning was issued, with 
 
3^4 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 a brief history of the first years. From 
 General Catalogue - , • , ' 
 
 in 1888 " document the attendance of students 
 
 during the period of the Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute is found to be, by years, as follows : 1 850-1, 
 312; 1852, 254; 1853, 529; 1854, 523; 1855, 445; 1856, 494; 
 1857, 440; 1858, 487; 1859, 502; i860, 462; 1861, 427; 1862, 
 315; 1863, 296; 1864, 389; 1865, 402; 1866, 352; 1867, 250, 
 making a total of 6,879 ^^^ ^^"^ average for seventeen years 
 of 404. 
 
 A college paper, issued at regular intervals, appears to 
 be a necessity of college life; if not a necessity, it is often- 
 times found to be of great interest and 
 value. About the time the College was 
 opened, a monthly paper was issued called "The Hiram 
 Student," and edited by Prof. A. M, Weston. This paper 
 had a brief existence. Fugitive papers, 
 
 Hiram Student. . , . . r j . • • ^1 
 
 mamly for the purpose of advertisnig the 
 College, have been issued from time to time under the control 
 generally of the Faculty or some member of it; but in 1887 
 a real effort was made to establish a permanent college paper 
 in which the interests of Hiram College received proper at- 
 tention. This paper was called Hiram 
 Hiram College ^ c^ , 1 .t. 1 
 
 ^ College Star, and was under the sole 
 
 Star, ^ . -r • 
 
 management of the Hesperian Literary 
 
 Society. Its chief editor was Frank W. Norton, with John 
 Shackson, Nathan Johnson and G. W. Moore, associates. Its 
 first editorial declared its purpose to be to furnish "a spright- 
 ly college paper to advance the interests of the school and 
 community; and, while the paper would be under the man- 
 agement of one society, it will be a college paper and will be 
 fair and liberal on every question." It announced its politics 
 to be Re-Dem-Procratic and its guiding motto ''Candor dot 
 virihiis alas." 
 
 Under the management of the Plesperian Society the 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS. 1 888- 1 
 
 900. 315 
 
 paper proved a success and was issued for three college years 
 semi-momhly. Its last number appeared in August, 1890. 
 , At this time an arrangement was made by which the "Hiram 
 College Star" ceased to be, and a new paper appeared in 
 October, 1890, called the Hiram College Advance, under 
 the joint management of the Hesperian, Delphic, Olive 
 Branch, and Logomathian Literary Societies. The new staff 
 consisted of G. A. Ragan, editor-in-chief, and E. W. Allen, 
 F. A. Bright, Adelaide G. Frost, Marcia Henry, H. D. Mes- 
 sick, Loa E. Scott, A. J. Sever, and A. V. Taylor, associates, 
 with George H. Rymers, business manager. This paper has 
 been continued without interruption to the present time; a 
 credit to the young people who have successively and suc- 
 cessfully managed it, and to the college. The Hesperian 
 Society is entitled to high praise for the origin and successful 
 management of the college paper for its first three years. 
 The Advance holds a creditable rank among papers of its 
 class. 
 
 In 1890 The Spider Web, a serio-comic annual of Hi- 
 ram College was first published by the Junior Class. Since 
 
 then these volumes have appeared annu- 
 The spider Web. ally. In general appearance and in the 
 
 contents these volumes have steadily im- 
 proved until the annual issue is anticipated with great eager- 
 ness by the friends of Hiram who desire to know its serious 
 and humorous current college life, and is especially interest- 
 ing to the Junior Class responsible for its issue. 
 
 August 31, 1888, the Ministerial Students of Hiram 
 College organized themselves into a society, which was 
 
 ^^ , named "Log-omathean," for the purpose of 
 
 Ine Logomathean . . . rn • • • • . • t 
 
 Societ promotmg then- efficiency m mmistenal 
 
 work. It began its work with 19 mem- 
 bers. Their regular programs consisted of sermons, essays, 
 exegeses, declamations, impromptu speeches, Scripture reci- 
 
3l6 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 tations, and discussion of religious questions. The Society 
 prospered for several years, but was finally abandoned for 
 what appeared to be good reasons, and only exists as **'a 
 reminiscence of the piety" of its founders. 
 
 April 9, 1894, the Garfield Literary Society was organ- 
 ized with ten members chosen from the Delphic and Hespe- 
 rian Societies respectively. Its charter 
 Garfield Society, "lembers gave the following as the reason 
 for the new organization : "We, the Pre- 
 paratory Students of Hiram College, regarding the benefits 
 of a Literary Society in connection with our school work of 
 the highest importance in disciplining and liberalizing the 
 mind, do mutually agree to form ourselves into a Literary 
 Society, and, for the government of the same, do hereby 
 ordain and establish the following constitution and by-laws, 
 etc." Its first year was a very successful one and its progress 
 from year to year has been highly creditable to the class of 
 students admitted to its membership. During its first year 
 the Society had an average membership of fifty. It has 
 proved to be a liberal feeder to the college societies from 
 which it sprang. 
 
 The Alethean Society was organized June 18, 1895. Its 
 
 charter members and first signers of its constitution were 
 
 Clara B. Russell, Carrie Goodrich, Mar- 
 
 , , , o • . p-aret Frost, Edith Robinson, Helen Stool- 
 Alethean Society. '^ ,^ ' _, ^,. . 
 
 fire, Myra Pov/, Florence Oliver, Anme 
 
 Gould, Florence Campbell, and Josephine Line. The ladies' 
 society of the college, "The Olive Branch," was unable to 
 properly provide for the literary society culture of all the 
 young ladies attending the College. A preamble and resolu- 
 tion were adopted as follov/s : "Whereas, the Olive Branch 
 Society has proved itself inadequate to meet the demands for 
 literary work by the young women of Hiram College, there- 
 fore be it Resolved, that the following young women be hon- 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1S88-I9OO. 31'^ 
 
 orably discharged for the purpose of forming themselves 
 into a society: Elizabeth Carlton, Blanche Beck, Bessie 
 Crosse, Inez Prickett, and Lucile Woodward, besides those 
 whose names appear as charter members — 15 in all. The 
 Alethean Society has prospered from the beginning. During 
 its first year it added 26 new names to its charter members, 
 m.aking a membership of 36. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association of Hiram Col- 
 lege was organized in 1870, and has kept in touch 
 
 with all the other departments of 
 Y. M. C. A. college work since its organization. It has 
 
 been a great help to the College in many 
 ways. It has performed the usual functions characteristic 
 of the organization, besides organizing special Bible classes 
 for the study of such subjects as "The Life of Christ," 
 ''Christ as a Personal Worker," "The Life of Paul," "The 
 Book of Acts," etc.; contributing to the social life of the 
 college; assisting to adjust new students to their home in 
 Hiram ; providing a lecture course which brought to Hiram 
 some of the best talent on the American platform ; and ren- 
 dering great assistance in the erection of the new Y. M. C. A. 
 building. 
 
 The Young Women's Christian Association of Hiram 
 was organized and has contributed in many helpful ways to 
 
 the life and prosperity of the college. Each 
 Y. W. C. A. young woman entering the school for the 
 
 first time is warmly welcomed, and, 
 through the efforts of the Association, is made to feel that 
 there are many friends ready to love and help her. Sub- 
 stantially the same kind of work is done by this Association 
 for the young women that is done for the young men by the 
 Y. M. C. Association. The religious work carried forward 
 by the two Associations has been of very great value. The 
 daily and weekly prayer meetings maintained throughout the 
 
3l8 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 year, have added much to the vigor and strength of the re- 
 ligious Hfe of the College. 
 
 The Student Volunteer Band was organized in 1889 and 
 i? an association of Hiram students whose purpose is to go 
 to foreign lands as opportunity offers for 
 The Student missionary work. Several of its members 
 Volunteer Band, are in China and India and elsewhere, en- 
 gaged in the work of their choice. There 
 were thirteen charter members, of whom William Forrest 
 and Edward Allen were the first president and secretary. 
 Miss Carmie Hostetter and Miss Lucia Scott were the first 
 members of the Band to take up active work on the mission 
 field. The following is a list of the Hiram students on the 
 mission fields of China, Japan, and India. The following 
 are in the employ of the F. C. M. S. : 
 
 INDIA 
 
 Miss Mildred Franklin - - - - - Hurda C. Prov's 
 
 G. W. Brown - Hurda C. Prov's 
 
 Mr.s. G. W. Brown Hurda C. Prov's 
 
 CHINA 
 
 Miss Mary Kellj Nankin 
 
 E. I. Osgood, M. D. Chu Cheo 
 
 Mrs. Fanny H. Osgood - - Chu Cheo 
 
 C. B. Titus Lu Cheo Fu 
 
 Mrs. C. B. Titus - - Lu Cheo Fu 
 
 JAPAN 
 Miss Carrie Hostetter - - Sendai 
 
 The following are under the C. W. B. M. in India: 
 
 Miss Susie Rawson . . . . Mahoba, N. W. Provinces 
 Miss Rose Lee Oxer - - - - Mahoba, N. W. Provinces 
 
 W. M. Forrest, Y. M. C. A. - - - - Calcutta, Bengal 
 Mrs. W. M. Forrest, Y. M. C. A. - - - Calcutta, Bengal 
 
 Miss Adelaide Gail Frost - - - Mahoba, N. W. Provinces 
 
 (Home on Furloug:h) 
 Miss Mary Graybiel . - . - Mahoba, N. W. Provinces 
 
 (Home on Furlough) 
 
 Mr. B. J. Grainger, of Deerfield, expects to go to India 
 this Fall. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1SSS-190O. 3 19 
 
 The missionary spirit of the college has been greatly 
 stirred by the devotion of the members of the Band, and by 
 the joint meetings with the other college associations. In 
 these meetings the needs of the various mission fields have 
 been studied, the history of missionary movements learned in 
 detail; and through addresses by different members of the 
 Band the neighboring churches have been brought into closer 
 and more intelligent relationship with them. Hiram has al- 
 ways been interested in the local interests of the churches and 
 in the world-wide movements of the Church of Christ. 
 
 In May, 1889, steps were taken which resulted in the 
 
 organization of an Ohio Hiram College Association. The 
 
 purpose of the Association is to cultivate 
 
 The Ohio ^j^^ Hiram fellowship and push forward 
 
 Hiram Colleee ,, . , . r % n 1 1 
 
 . . *. the mterests 01 the collegfe throughout 
 
 Association. ^ ° 
 
 Ohio and other States. All former stu- 
 dents and frietids of the college are eligible to membership, 
 and its influence has been positive in behalf of the Institution. 
 This Association was organized in 1885, and consists of 
 Hiram the many residents of Cleveland who have 
 
 Association been Hiram students. The Board of 
 of Cleveland. Trustees are made ex-officio members of 
 the Association. It now numbers about 300 members. 
 
 This Association was organized in 1889 and a consti- 
 tution adopted. Its object is: To renew and cultivate the 
 fellowship begun at Hiram; to organize 
 
 Ohio ^l^g friends of Hiram College into an effi- 
 
 Hiram Collce'e . , 1 • r . • ±1 • j 
 
 . . ^ cient workmgf force ; to mcrease the rnter- 
 
 est in Hiram's welfare among all its 
 friends ; to devise ways and means for enlarging the patron- 
 age and advancing the general interests of Hiram College. 
 Its annual meetings are held in connection with the annual 
 convention of the Ohio Christian Missionary Society. 
 
 The interests of the physical man have not been over- 
 
320 KIvSTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 looked. The gymnasium has been well patronized since it 
 
 was furnished and opened in the new Y. 
 
 M. C. A. building. The Athletic Associa- 
 tion of Hiram College is a member of the Northern Ohio 
 Inter-collegiate Athletic Association and has maintained a 
 good standing. The permanent grounds of the Hiram Asso- 
 ciation are convenient and kept in good order. Provision is 
 also made for tennis courts and other physical exercises. 
 
 In 1888 a joint stock company was formed, known as 
 the Hiram College Building Com.pany, for the purpose of 
 
 erecting such buildings as were needed 
 Miller Hall. for the accommodation of students. This 
 
 company erected what is nov/ knov/n as 
 "Miller Hall." This building is now joined with "Gerould 
 Cottage,'' the gift of Dr. Henry Gerould, and is one of tlie 
 most commodious buildings in Hiram for the use of young 
 ladies. 
 
 In 1889 a committee was appointed to consider the 
 "possibility and advisability" of establishing a summer 
 Hiram school at Hiram, modeled somewhat after 
 
 Summer School, the Chautauqua plan. This committee re- 
 ported in favor of the Assembly, and the first program was 
 prepared and arrangements made for the sessions to begin 
 August II and continue to August 29, 1890. The course of 
 study was quite elaborate, and included a School of English 
 Bible, Sunday-school Normal, Teachers' Normal, Miscella- 
 neous Lectures, School of Music, School of Art, School of 
 Oratory, and a department of college work. The purpose of 
 the Assembly was three-fold: First, for the benefit of 
 preachers who may wish to spend their summier vacation in 
 lines of helpful study; second, for Sunday-school teachers 
 who may desire to enlarge their store of Bible knowledge ; 
 third, for all persons who may wish to obtain a better knov/1- 
 edge of the Bible while they are seeking rest and recreation. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-1900. 33 1 
 
 A large corps of instructors was secured, nearly all of 
 whom were present for the part assigned them: English 
 Bible Vv^ork, B. S. Dean, E. B. Wakefield, G. A. Peckham, 
 E. V. Zollars, J. H. Garrison, H. McDiarmid, Robert Mof- 
 fett, W. F. Richardson, B. B. Tyler, and Alanson Wilcox; 
 Sunday-school Normal Work, F. M. Green, C. C. Smith, 
 and J. S. Ross; Common School Normal Work, A. C. Pier- 
 son, G. H. Colton, and Miss Maggie Umstead ; Miscellaneous 
 Lectures, Judge George M. Tuttle, Dr. I. A. Thayer, H. A. 
 Garfield, Hon. E. B. Taylor, A. McLean, Jessie H. Brown, 
 Virgil P. Kline, and John G. Scover; Music, Dr. J. B. Her- 
 bert and Miss Addie Zollars; Art, Mrs. Alanson Wilcox, 
 and Mrs. Emma J. Dean; Oratory, John G. Scover; and Col- 
 lege Work, by the Professors of Hiram College. Some of 
 the instructors were assigned duties in more than one depart- 
 ment. The result of the experiment was very satisfactory 
 and the Summer School was continued for several years at 
 Hiram. It was a good advertisement for the college, besides 
 being a good school for those who attended it. 
 
 As early as 1888, President Zollars and the Y. M. C. 
 Association began to agitate the question of a new college 
 building. The increasing interest in Hi- 
 Y M r A ^^"^ College over a widening territory, 
 
 Buildino-. ^^d the consequent increase of students, 
 
 made it manifest that larger accommoda- 
 tions must be provided. More room was needed for chapel 
 services, recitation rooms, laboratory, gymnasium facilities, 
 for the Art department, for Christian Association work, and 
 other purposes. Every available part of the old building had 
 been called Into service from basement to dome. Realizing 
 the need of more room in which to successfully prosecute 
 their work, the Young Men's Christian Association of Hiram 
 took the initiative looking in the direction of a new building. 
 On invitation Mr. John R. Mott, the National Secretary of 
 
322 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 the Y. M. C. Association, came to Hiram and addressed the 
 students. His presence and address aroused such an enthu- 
 siasm that $7,000 was subscribed by the students for the new 
 building. The college was invited to unite in the enterprise, 
 and thus secure a building that would meet the wants of the 
 various Hiram interests. This was the beginning, but just 
 at that time the financial depression burdened the countr)-, 
 and the work was delayed, but not abandoned. In 1894 the 
 enterprise was revived, and a "rally day" was appointed in 
 the building interest, which resulted in pledges from students, 
 Faculty, and citizens to the amount of $12,000. Other friends 
 came to the rescue, an architect was employed, and general 
 plans were agreed upon, and work actively begun about June 
 I, 1895. The plans agreed upon were prepared by Mr. C. C. 
 Thayer, of New Castle, Pa. The anticipated building was 
 to consist of two full stories in front, besides the attic story 
 and the basement and sub-basement. The first floor was to 
 be used for library, reading room, and a small Association 
 chapel. The Association parlors and Bible class rooms were 
 to occupy the second story. The attic story was to be used 
 for art purposes and for other needs. In the basement were 
 to be found the kitchen, dining room, art room, and barber 
 shop, while the sub-basement would be given up to the fur- 
 nace and coal rooms. In the upper part of the rear portion 
 of the building was the general chapel, with a seating capac- 
 ity on floor and in gallery of about 750. Under the chapel 
 was the gymnasium and bath rooms for ladies and gentle- 
 men. These arrangements have been somewhat changed in 
 the final adjustment, but the building stands, finished, con- 
 venient, and complete, a monument to the enterprise and 
 liberality of the students, the Faculty and many other friends 
 of Hiram College. The entire cost of the building v/as 
 $30,000. The value of the new building to the College 
 was instantly felt, and the wonder grew how for so long a 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 188S-I9OO. 333 
 
 time the school had prospered without it. Following the 
 completion of the Association building, changes were made 
 in the old building which added much to the material equip- 
 ment of the Institution. 
 
 The musical department of Hiram College has always 
 
 been an important department. The best that could be done 
 
 under existing circumstances has been 
 
 Hiram College ^^^^^ ^^ ^j^^^^ ^^^ successively have been 
 
 Conservatory , 1 • 1 •, 1 • • • rr^-, 
 
 of Music honored with its administration. The 
 
 conditions have varied greatly and the 
 measure of success has varied in consequence. Among those 
 who have honored the department and whose names should 
 be written large in the annals of Hiram are Mrs. Tillie New- 
 comb Ellis, Mrs. Lizzie Clapp Robbins, Mrs. Addie Zollars 
 Page, and Mrs. Lulu Freeman Pearcy. Others have taught 
 music, vocal and instrumental, for brief periods, but these 
 were at the head for a series of years. In 1897 the Board of 
 
 Trustees secured Professor Eugene Feuch- 
 F hfn r tinger to take charge of the Department 
 
 of Music. He had already proved himself 
 to be a teacher of rare ability and an accomplished musical 
 scholar. He had already won a high place among the fore- 
 most concert pianists, composers, and teachers of music. He 
 was highly recommended by such composers and teachers of 
 music as Constantin Von Sternberg, of Philadelphia, Pa.; 
 Wilson G. Smith, of Cleveland, O. ; and John Howard, of 
 New York. Mr. Howard said of him : *T certainly consider 
 him to be a very rare prize. It is very seldom that the com- 
 bination of talents and the executive ability that he possesses 
 can be found." On coming to Hiram he immediately en- 
 larged the Department of Music to proportions hitherto un- 
 attempted. His success has been greater than the most san- 
 guine anticipated, and the Hiram College Conservatory of 
 Music has an acknowledged place in the front rank. The 
 
334 ' HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 enrollment of the first year reached 74, with an average en- 
 rollment of 60 students each term. His assistants, especially 
 Miss Clara L. Whissen, deserve the praise which the Direc- 
 tor has generously given them. The following chronology 
 of Professor Feuchtinger's life is interesting: 
 
 ''Among the younger circles of German-American mu- 
 sicians Professor Eugene Feuchtinger has made himself 
 especially prominent. As a son of the celebrated teacher, 
 chorus director, organist, Franz Joseph Feuchtinger, in 
 Wuerttenberg, he had the privilege from earliest youth of 
 gaining a deep insight into the mysteries of music. The full- 
 est comprehension and greatest success in art is mostly 
 gained by those who from earliest childhood have been sur- 
 rounded by a pure art atmosphere. That which Richard 
 Wagner so much deplored — the decay of musical worship in 
 the home — did not find its application in their home. The 
 works of the old masters were with love and devotion played 
 and studied. Piano, organ, string quartettes, songs, espe- 
 cially, too, the old classic church music, all of these furnished 
 an art atmosphere of rare purity and beauty, and the love 
 for this beauty destined our subject for the profession of 
 music, where he has since achieved eminent success. He 
 began music study under the eyes of his father at the age of 
 six years. His studies were chiefly piano, voice and organ. 
 At the age of ten he was selected as a boy alto for the Cathe- 
 dral of his city. Two years later he accompanied a then very 
 celebrated tenor in concerts on the piano. During his years 
 at the Gym.nasium (German equivalent for our college) he 
 was director of local singing societies. Later he continued 
 miusic study, especially piano, voice and theory, under the 
 direct pupils of Kullack and Liszt. After having taught and 
 played for several years in Germany, he followed an urgent 
 invitation by his uncle to America, where he has since be- 
 come favorably known through his teaching, concerts and 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLAKS, 1S8S-I9OO. 325 
 
 lectures in many cities of the eastern and western States. In 
 1892 he accepted a call to Bethany College, and in 1897 to 
 Hiram College, where he established the Conservatory of 
 Music which, with the assistance of able teachers, is rapidly 
 gaining a large influence in the musical life of America."'*' 
 
 There have been many and radical changes in the Insti- 
 tution at Hiram since its first building towered above the 
 
 growing corn on its campus in 1850; but 
 Hiram in . .^ • • ,1 1 • , 1 
 
 TocA A 10AA in nothmo^ is the chansfe more noticeable 
 1850 ana 1900. '^ ^ ° 
 
 than in the condition of the place itself. 
 Then it was only the tovv^nship center v/ith the usual cross- 
 reads marking the four points of the compass. Its buildings 
 were few and mostly plain farm houses, with their attendant 
 out-buildings. A small school house, a shop or two, a coun- 
 try store with its miscellaneous assortment of shoes and 
 boots, sugar and salt, herring and powder, dry-goods and 
 eggs, and a plain church building exhausted its public build- 
 ings. The surrounding country was not yet denuded of its 
 forests of oak and maple, beech and elm, whose green pinna- 
 cles had for centuries caught the evening dew, and tossed 
 the morning sunshine in golden flakes on the few cleared 
 fields below. But now what a change! The forests are 
 mostly gone, the fields are under the cultivation of the intel- 
 ligent and well-read farmer, the sugar-orchards are about 
 the only evidence that forests v/ere ever there ; and on every 
 hand the country house, beautiful in design and convenient 
 for its purpose, is seen from Hiram Hill. Instead of a coun- 
 try cross-roads, a hamlet with several hundred people covers 
 lire hill, in the center of which are the old and the new college 
 buildings; around the campus are the many new and well- 
 furnished residences with their inviting verandas and well- 
 
 *From the *• Centralblatt fuer Instrumental Music, Solo und 
 Chorgesang," published at Stuttgart and Leipzig, Germany, Septem- 
 ber 14, 1900. 
 
326 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 kept lawns; a system of water works which suppHes the 
 hamlet from never-failing springs; an electric lighting plant 
 which provides abundant light for all the inhabitants; good 
 roads leading to the railway stations; and a college whose 
 past is more than a reminiscence and whose future is full of 
 hope. 
 
 During the period under consideration much had been 
 
 done to increase the influence and efficiency of the College. 
 
 Its endowment had been more than dou- 
 
 What j-^ig^ . j|-g facilities for taking care of voung 
 
 had been done for ,...,- . . 1 il i.i 
 
 , „ ,, ladies had been sfreatly mcreased by the 
 
 the College. is j ./ 
 
 building of a new hall and the improve-, 
 ment of the old one ; a music building had been provided to 
 the great advantage of the Music Department ; the beautiful 
 and commodious Young Men's Christian Association build- 
 ing had been built; the teaching force had been greatly in- 
 creased and strengthened ; accommodations had been secured 
 for the special departments of Art and Oratory ; through the 
 generosity of Dr. Henry Gerould a Missionary Home for 
 young ladies of limited means and Christian ambitions had 
 been provided ; and the hamlet had been well provided with 
 light and v/ater and improved sidewalks. 
 
 But all these improvements had cost money which, witii 
 the most, rigid economy, the Board of Trustees found them- 
 selves unable to meet from the resources of the Institution. 
 Besides, other needs were continually arising, which in some 
 way must be met. Manifestly the income of the college was 
 too small and must be largely Increased or its advance must 
 be checked. There are opportune times in the history of 
 men and institutions when certain things in their interest 
 may be done easiest and best. To take advantage of these 
 occasions Is prudent and wise. Such a time was rapidly 
 approaching in the history of Hiram College. Its fiftieth 
 year would close with the century, and why not make a jubi- 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-1900. 327 
 
 lee year out of It, and ask, not the rich nor the poor, but the 
 
 people without distinction, to help to send it into the new 
 
 centur}^ with a generous purse and untrammeled by financial 
 
 embarrassment. 
 
 In his report for 1898 President Zollars spoke with 
 
 much earnestness and in favor of immediate action by the 
 
 Board of Trustees to provide means to 
 
 Committee increase the permanent endowment fund 
 
 on Permanent . 1 1 .1 1 1 n 1 , 
 
 t;^„ ,^„,^^„. one hundred thousand dollars by the tmie 
 
 ji.iiao wmen I . •' 
 
 of the Jubilee Commencement in 1900. 
 The Board resolved to place the whole question of ''methods 
 for increasing the endov/ment in the hands of a committee 
 of seven persons, three of whom shall be members of the 
 Finance Committee, the remaining members to be appointed 
 by the chair." The committee appointed consisted of W. G. 
 Dietz, O. G. Kent, B. L. Pennington, H. E. McMillin, Alan- 
 son Wilcox, C. E. Henry and A. Teachout. 
 
 This committee had numerous meetings during the year 
 and on April 4, 1899, decided ''that all endowment pledges 
 taken for Hiram College be taken on approval pledge blanks 
 and deposited with W. G. Dietz, chairman of the Endow- 
 ment Committee ; that the territory canvassed should include 
 a complete canvass of Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Mich- 
 igan, and New England, and that agents appointed should 
 confine themselves to the respective fields given them to can- 
 vass ; and that the assignment of territory and instruction to 
 agents and other details be left to President Zollars, his ac- 
 tion to be approved by the Endowment Committee, and that 
 he should be the agent of the committee to solicit funds from 
 the alumni." 
 
 The method by which the canvass should be made, after 
 much thought, consideration and consultation, finally em- 
 braced the following particulars : The 
 
 -o, A J ^ J effort should be made to increase the en- 
 Plan Adopted. 
 
 dowment fund of Hiram College, a quar- 
 
328 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ter of a million of dollars by the close of its Jubilee year ; an 
 effort should be made for a great popular movement whereby 
 thousands of the friends of higher education, and of Hiram 
 College in particular, would unite in one supreme effort to 
 place the college on a permanent financial basis ; the weekly 
 newspapers among the Disciples were asked to lend their 
 assistance to the moA^ement, and without exception gener- 
 ously and gladly consented to do so ; the Christian Standard 
 was especially liberal ; and large space was given in all the 
 papers, and the movement was extensively advertised in the 
 United States and in every other country where the Disci- 
 ples of Christ are found; special agents were placed in the 
 field to visit churches, give addresses on higher education, 
 and present Hiram College and its work by stereopticon lec- 
 tures; all were asked to pledge something, from one dollar 
 upwards, and pledge cards were furnished for this purpose ; 
 individuals were to be solicited for larger sums; and the 
 alumni were asked to raise not less than twenty-five thou- 
 sand dollars. 
 
 There were many details that cannot be inserted here 
 and some changes made necessary as the canvass went on. 
 The work was well started early in the year 1899 and prose- 
 cuted vigorously by President Zollars, to whom had been 
 assigned the general management; the Financial Secretary, 
 members of the Board of Trustees, special friends of Hiram, 
 members of the Faculty, and agents selected to canvass spe- 
 cial fields. The result equaled the most sanguine expecta- 
 tions. Perhaps no religious people were ever more widely 
 interested in an educational question than were the Disciples 
 of Christ in this effort to endow liberally Hiram College. It 
 was the first really great thing that had ever been attempted 
 in the history of the Institution. Comparatively it was a 
 prodigious undertaking; but from the time the movement 
 
BIG HOLLOW. 
 
 THE SUGAR CAMP. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 329 
 
 was fully begun to its close no one who put his hand to the 
 j)]ow looked back. 
 
 A complete report of the work done and the results 
 achieved could not be made in June, 1900 — the Juliilce Com- 
 mencement week. It is not likely that it 
 The Final Report, cvcr will bc made. Springs of resource 
 were opened that had only begun to flow 
 when the canvass closed on Jubilee Day. But of that which 
 could bc seen and tal)ulated the following was the result: 
 Money, pledges, annuity funds and othcrv/isc, $242,488. The 
 cost for all the agencies employed was about v$7,ooo. Be- 
 sides President Z(;llars and iM'nancial Secretary Ilertzog, 
 J. L. Darsie, J. L. Garvin, Alanson Wilcox, C. R. Scoville, 
 B. IT. Hayden, J. T. Bridwell and others canvassed in special 
 fields. II1C sums contributed were from one dollar up to 
 twenty-five thousand dollars. The contributors numibered 
 many thousands.* Wlien all promised is gathered together 
 the college will enter upon its second fifty years with a clear 
 endowment of not less than three hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 It would be impossible to give to any one of the more 
 
 prominent persons engaged in this movement to largely 
 
 increase the permanent endowment of Hi- 
 Oliver Gam ^, ,1 .1 1- » 1 c i"i. r .- 
 -- , ram College the lion s share of credit for 
 
 the results, without doing a wrong to the 
 others. Of necessity there was a leader and he was the Pres- 
 ident of the college, but with him were many others, whom 
 without he could have done but little. Among those who did 
 much in the accomplishing of the glad results was the Finan- 
 cial Secretary or Agent of the college, Oliver Cans Mertzog. 
 Mr. Ilertzog began his work as Financial Secretary Septem- 
 ber 1, 1891, and has been in the service of the college for 
 
 *No names of contributors are p;ivcn because of the desire of 
 some of the larp;e8t donors not to be known, and the impracticability 
 of getting all the rest. 
 
330 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 nearly ten consecutive years. With one or two exceptions 
 he has served longer in this office than any of his predeces- 
 sors. Only five, from the beginning of the Western Reserve 
 Eclectic Institute, to the present, have been in continuous 
 service over two years. These are: Dr. W. A. Belding, 
 W. J. Ford, Lathrop Cooley, Alanson Wilcox, and O. G. 
 Hertzog. The value of a long service in this department of 
 College work is seen in the annual results of Mr. Hertzog's 
 labors. He is able to do much more now than he could do 
 at the first. The seed of the financier must have time to ripen 
 before he can gather his crop. Against many obstacles and 
 under many embarrassments he has been able every year to 
 add something to the material resources of Hiram College. 
 When he began his service he was 47 years of age. His body 
 v/as sound, his presence cheerful, his mind well disciplined, 
 Ills acquaintance extensive, his standing among the Disciples 
 favorable, his extended business training was in his favor, 
 his genius for hard v/ork was soon apparent, and his interest 
 in young people — all these qualifications have made him one 
 of the best all-around helpers Hiram has ever had. The 
 chronology of his busy and honorable life is full of interest- 
 ing facts : He was born in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, 
 April 9, 1899, the sixth child in a family of eleven children, 
 and of good old German stock. His mother's name was 
 Susan Gans, from whom he takes his middle name. He v/as 
 reared on a Pennsylvania farm. In his young manhood he 
 learned the carpenter's trade. His public education began in 
 the schools of the neighborhood, and at the age of twenty 
 he taught school. Afterwards he took the full course in the 
 Southwestern Normal College at California, Pa., and entered 
 Bethany College, where he remained two years. He joined 
 the Baptist Church at the age of sixteen, and united with the 
 Disciples of Christ under the ministry of Alanson Wilcox at 
 the age of twenty-one. At twenty-five he was ordained to 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 18SS-I9OO. 33 1 
 
 the ministry of the Word of God by John F. Rowe and Sam- 
 uel B. Teagarden, and began his hfe-work as a preacher with 
 the old Pigeon Creek Church in Washington county, Penn- 
 sylvania. October 28, 1869, he was married to Ella M. 
 Reader, of Coal Center, Pa., a former classmate of his at 
 school. As a pastor and envangelist he was successful, as 
 well as in the business management of churches. He was 
 elected Corresponding Secretary of the Pennsylvania Chris- 
 tian Missionary Society, and about the same time he was 
 elected to a similar position by the Disciples of New York. 
 He chose the New York work and began his labors at Sus- 
 pension Bridge, October i, 1870, where he remained for three 
 years. During this time he planted a church at Pekin and 
 held a successful meeting in Buffalo. In 1874 he located in 
 Buffalo, where he remained two years and then took up 
 evangelistic work for the ''Wellington Co-operation" in Can- 
 ada, where he labored successfully for three years. He then 
 returned to Suspension Bridge, where he remained for a 
 year. He then returned to Canada, holding meetings and 
 planting churches. During his entire service in Canada he 
 baptized several hundred people and organized eight 
 churches. June i, 1881, he received the appointment of 
 special agent of the United States Treasury for the Niagara 
 District, which position he filled for four and one-half years, 
 resigning to accept the work of Evangelist ur^der the direc- 
 tion of the New York Christian Missionary Society. This 
 place he held for nearly seven years, preaching almost con- 
 stantly. During this period churches were established at 
 Freedonia, Wellsville, and Rochester; and more than four 
 years of this time was spent with the church in Rochester. 
 It is not possible to sum up the results of these busy years. 
 It can be said, however, that they were not small and they 
 were highly appreciated by the beneficiaries. September i, 
 1891, he began his work for Hiram College. He has been a 
 
332 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 faithful servant to the Institution and a most valuable ad- 
 junct to all its other agencies in increasing the number of 
 students, enlarging its finances, and advertising its interests 
 far and wide. He has never been a beggar for position, but 
 his services have always been in demand; and it v/as provi- 
 dential that he was so v/ell equipped m^orally, intellectually, 
 physically, and in business capacity for the time and place 
 he has filled in the history of Hiram. 
 
 Early in the administration of President Zollars it was 
 
 suggested that "a. fund that could be used to aid students in 
 
 limited circumstances would contribute largely to Hiram's 
 
 power for good." Acting on this sugges- 
 
 The Phillips .-Qj^^ i^Q^ rj. ^ Phillips, of New Castle, 
 
 T c^ *!. Pa., a Christian man of financial abihtv, 
 
 Loan Fund. ' , " ' 
 
 excellent judgment, and generous im- 
 pulses, in 1 89 1 placed $5,000 under certain limitations at the 
 disposal of the College. This sum was accepted as the 
 ''Phillips' Ministerial Loan Fund," and has been of great 
 benefit to a large number of young men, as the annual re- 
 ports of the President show. This fund is managed by spe- 
 cial trustees who are at this time Alanson Wilcox, E. 
 V. Zollars, and E. B. Wakefield. By an agreement with Mr. 
 Phillips in 1897, the trustees were permited to use a portion 
 of this fund in the erection of a building named "Independ- 
 ence Hall," which will accommodate twenty young men. 
 Rooms are furnished at twenty-five cents a week for each 
 student and board costs one dollar. Mr. Phillips has always 
 been a warm friend of the College and his gifts, though 
 
 liberal, have never been heralded by noise. 
 
 „ l^P!L?.?^.° Thom.as W. Phillips was born February 
 T. W. Phillips. . ^ T-, . 
 
 23, 1835, m Lawrence county, Pennsylva- 
 nia, the youngest of eight children. His father died v/hen 
 he was ten years of age. His early school life was limited, 
 and of college opportunities he had none ; but he was of stu- 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-19OO. 333 
 
 dious habit and inquiring mind and through books, observa- 
 tion and experience, he compassed the range and purpose of 
 college work, and became well informed in history, biogra- 
 phy, science and literature. While yet a young man, he be- 
 came a member of the firm of Phillips Brothers, which 
 ranked among the greatest oil producers of the world. In his 
 business he has been remarkably successful though like 
 thousands of others he has seen densely dark days, but in 
 every hour of gloom or sunshine the eleventh chapter of He- 
 brews has been his "Confession of Faith." He has been en- 
 trusted with numerous honorable and responsible positions 
 by business associates and fellow citizens and in all of them 
 he has proved himself to be a man of judgment, honor, and 
 business sagacity. From 1892 to 1896 he represented his 
 Congressional District in the Congress of the United States. 
 'Here as elsewhere he held an influential position among the 
 best Representatives of the country. His home life is happy; 
 his service to the church unostentatious and generous ; and as 
 a friend of Hiram and Bethany, a Trustee of both Institu- 
 tions, his presence is always grateful and his friendship 
 greatly prized. 
 
 In the progress of the work at Hiram a cottage for 
 young women of limited means became as much of a neces- 
 sity and as desirable as a Hall for young men in similar cir- 
 cumstances. It was suggested that a build- 
 
 ^^ ° _,f ^^ in^ be provided in which room rent could 
 Young AVomen. ^ ^ 
 
 be provided at a nominal sum, and the 
 young women could have the privilege of doing their own 
 work, and avail themselves of the benefit of co-operative 
 boarding at the lowest possible cost. In 1897 Dr. Henry Ger- 
 ould, of Cleveland, O., proposed to solve this problem by the 
 erection of an addition to Miller Hall to be known as "Ger- 
 ould Missionary Cottage," into which young ladies preparing 
 for the home or foreign missionary fields, and the children 
 
334 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 of missionaries should be received free of charge. This cot- 
 tage, comfortable and convenient, was built and equipped by 
 Dr. Gerould, and is a monument at Hiram of the great-heart- 
 ed, humble, and generous Christian man. Many loved him 
 while he lived and labored, but more will speak his name 
 with pleasure and appreciation as the years go on. 
 
 Henry Gerould was born in Smithfield, Pa., March 6, 
 
 1829. He was five generations removed from a Huguenot 
 
 ancestry. The facl that the blood of that brave, intelligent 
 
 and liberty-loving people flowed in his 
 
 veins- accounts for many of the traits of 
 
 Dn^iTenry^Gerould character ^ that distinguished him and 
 
 adorned his life. In 1847 ^^ united with 
 
 the Church of Christ under the preaching 
 
 of Dr. Silas E. Shepard and devoted himself from that time 
 
 to a life of service and self-sacrifice. 
 
 In 1864 he graduated in medicine, having studied for 
 several years in a medical college at Geneva, New York, and 
 later at Hudson, O. 
 
 He practiced medicine for several years at Bedford, 
 Ohio. From Bedford he went to Boston, Mass., where he 
 spent some time in the hospitals of that city. From Boston 
 he came to Massillon, O., where he remained until 1874, 
 when he removed to Cleveland, O., which was his home until 
 his death November 10, 1900. 
 
 In .1870 he married Julia J. Clapp, a daughter of Thomas 
 Clapp, of Mentor, O. It was a happy and strong union of 
 heart and soul ; and in all his planning, and giving and doing 
 he had her encouragement and approval. To them three 
 children were born, but in 1883 all of them passed out of their 
 home to the ''home appointed for all the living." From that 
 time Dr. Gerould and his wife determined to make their own 
 home, though deserted by children, beautiful by filling 
 other hearts and homes with joy and sunshine, and thus 
 brighten and bless the world. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 188S-1900. 335 
 
 He was an active worker in Sunday-school and church ; 
 and for educational and missionary interests he had an in- 
 telligent zeal and a philanthropic impulse. He was a man of 
 clear-cut convictions ; and those who knew him, knew where 
 he stood on all questions of temperance, morality, religion, 
 education, and all needed reforms. His personality was 
 forceful and he could not efface himself. Dr. Gerould was a 
 man of admirable qualities. He was prompt and exact in 
 keeping his engagements. He was honest and honorable in 
 all his dealings with men. He was courteous, considerate 
 and faithful in every relation of life. He knew how to be 
 abased and how to abound. "He stood the test of poverty 
 and adversity; and the severer test of prosperity. He en- 
 deared himself to many thousands as a physician, as a friend, 
 and as a worker in the cause of God and humanity. When 
 the ear heard him, it blessed him ; when the eye saw him, it 
 gave witness to him. The blessing of him that was ready to 
 perish came upon him ; caused the widow's heart to sing for 
 jby. He was a father to the poor and his name shall be held 
 in everlasting remembrance and honor ;" and Hiram will not 
 be among the least of those who honor his name and bless his 
 memory. 
 
 Among the Institutions related to Hiram and not in 
 Hiram is the "Hiram House'' located in Cleveland, O. At 
 the opening of the college year in September, 1895, the Home 
 Mission class was organized among others. 
 The It took up at once the study of sociological 
 
 •'Hiram House" questions, as outlined in the Y. M. C, A. 
 in Cleveland, O. Hand Book by Prof. Graham Taylor, the 
 leader in the "Common's work" in Chica- 
 go. The class grew in numbers and in enthusiasm until at 
 the suggestion of Mr. F. G. Strickland a Sociological Club 
 was formed which finally resulted in establishing the Hiram 
 House — a social settlement in one of the poorest and most 
 
336 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 needy wards in the city of Cleveland. The original "Social 
 
 Settlement Board" consisted of E. V. Zollars, A. C. Pierson, 
 
 B. S. Dean, E. B. Wakefield, H. M. Page, A. P. Frost, May 
 
 Strickland, Helen Stoolfire, Carrie Goodrich, G. A. Bellamy, 
 
 H. C. Kenyon and F. G. Strickland. At the beginning of the 
 
 work in Cleveland Mr. F. G. Strickland became manager. 
 
 He was succeeded by Mr. G. A. Bellamy who still holds the 
 
 position. 
 
 "The 'Settlement' is simply a houseful of open-hearted 
 
 and intelligent men or women who approach the poor, not 
 
 as visitants from another world, but as dwellers in the same 
 
 block or ward, as finding a pleasure (and 
 
 „ ,,, , . it is a real pleasure, not a fictitious one) in 
 
 Settlement is, ^ ' , , . 
 
 the acquaintance of their fellow-mhabit- 
 ants, and as claiming a share in the life of that quarter of 
 the town, and a right to contribute whatever they may have 
 in the way of books, or music, or pictures, or general infor- 
 mation, or meeting rooms or acquaintances to the well being 
 of the community to which they belong. This establishes the 
 relation of the 'Settlement' to its environment as natural in- 
 stead of artificial, it leaves no room for patronage on the one 
 side or servility on the other." 
 
 Hiram House is founded on the principle of brother- 
 hood. Its method of work will be neighborliness. Its efforts 
 will be undenominational, and its work will be religious only 
 .. as human brotherhood is religious. Its 
 The hope is to become a part of the life of its 
 
 Aim and Principle ^^^ ward, becoming SO by personal help- 
 
 „. ° \J^ fulness. In helping the masses, its wish is 
 
 Hiram House. , r j* 
 
 to help to remove the cause of distress. 
 
 Further than this we do not commit ourselves to any social 
 program regarding the vexed industrial and economic prob- 
 lems of the day. Our aim is to give not alms but life, not 
 charity but love. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-19OO. 33^ 
 
 From the beginning the "Hiram House" has been a suc- 
 cess; and it is now recognized as a valuable agency by the 
 city authorities and many citizens, in the solution of the prob- 
 lem of the social condition and life in the submerged districts 
 of large cities. 
 
 There are some members of the Faculty 
 Brief Sketches of '^^ ^^^^^ Colhge for 1900 whose names 
 Members of have already been mentioned but concern- 
 Hiram Faculty ing whom no sketch of their lives has been 
 for 1900. given. The following brief sketches are 
 
 in their honor : 
 Edwin Lester Hall, Professor of Latin Language and 
 Literature, and Principal of the Preparatory Department was 
 born in Richfield, Summit County, Ohio. He was a farmer's 
 boy and obtained his earlier education in 
 jj jj the District School, and later at the High 
 
 School of that place. He entered Hiram 
 College in 1882 and graduated in 1886. After his gradua- 
 tion he spent one year in Hiram as Assistant Professor of 
 Latin. He then went to New Castle, Pa., and taught one year 
 in the High School of that city. In 1888 he returned to Hi- 
 ram, where he has remained ever since. He fills his place 
 in the College Faculty with dignity, and with a growing in- 
 fluence and scholarly grace. He is faithful in the discharge 
 of his duties, kind and obliging, and worthy of the love and 
 esteem in which he is held. 
 
 Harlan Myron Page was born in Kalamazoo County, 
 Michigan, May 30, 1867. He graduated from the Bedford 
 High School in 1867. After spending one year in the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan he entered Hiram 
 Harlan Myron College and was graduated with the class 
 *^^* of 1890. In 1 89 1 he attended two full 
 
 courses of lectures in the medical schools of the Western Re- 
 serve, and Wooster Universities. In 1892 he received the de- 
 
33S HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 gree of M. D, from Jefferson Medical College in Philadel- 
 phia, Pa. For one year he practiced medicine at Warren, O. 
 In 1893 he was elected to the Chair of Biology and Science in 
 PliramCollege, which position he still holds. With a cultured 
 mind, a true heart, a careful medical student and a successful 
 practitioner; quick to discern and apt to teach, he is well 
 fitted for the responsible position which he holds in the Col- 
 lege Faculty. 
 
 Hugh McDiarmid was born near Morpeth, County of 
 Kent, Ontario, Canada, June 10, 1837, where he received his 
 early education. For five years he was a teacher in the com- 
 mon schools of his vicinity. In 1863 he 
 Hugh McDiarmid, entered Bethany College, West Va., where 
 he graduated with honor in 1867. After 
 leaving Bethany he preached for the church at Barnesville, 
 0., from which place he was called to the head of a collegiate 
 Institute at Winchester, Ky. In 1875 ^^ removed to Toronto, 
 Canada, where he did evangelistic work for the Wellington 
 Co-operation and edited "The Christian Sentinel," a religious 
 magazine, at the same time. In 1883 ^^ became associate edi- 
 tor of "The Christian Standard" at Cincinnati, O., then un- 
 der the superb management of Isaac Errett, a prince among 
 editors. After the death of Mr. Errett December 19, 1888, 
 he became editor of the Standard and held the place until his 
 election to the Presidency of Bethany College in 1892. 
 
 In 1896 he came to Hiram as Professor of Church His- 
 tory and Homiletics, a position he yet occupies. In 1896 
 Bethany College conferred on him the degree of LL. D. an 
 honor most worthily bestowed. 
 
 As a citizen his loyalty is unquestioned; as a man his 
 character is stainless ; as a scholar he holds no mean rank ; as 
 a thinker and logician he is worthy of the steel of any foe- 
 man; and as a Christian his faith in the Word of God is un- 
 corrupted and incorruptible. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, iSSS-IpCMD. 339- 
 
 Elmer Ellsworth Snoddy, Professor of Classical Greek 
 was born May 13, 1863, in Stilesville, Ind. His first years 
 were spent in Delphi and Indianapolis. When he was five 
 years old his parents moved to a farm near 
 Elmer E. Snoddy. Remington where he received his early ed- 
 ucation, partly from the district school and 
 partly from his father, who was an able and experienced 
 teacher. At the age of sixteen he began to teach, teaching 
 during the winter months and spending the summers on his 
 father's farm. In 1882 his parents moved to St. Lawrence, 
 South Dakota, and were among the first settlers of Hand 
 County in that new state. He still continued teaching during 
 the winter months in Indiana. In 1887 he became a Chris- 
 tian and in 1888 he began to preach. He preached for one 
 year in Indiana, and for two years in South Dakota before 
 coming to Hiram. He was State Evangelist of South Da- 
 kota when he entered Hiram College in the fall of 1891. He 
 was graduated with the class of 1896, and during his Senior 
 year he taught in the Greek Department of the College. Im- 
 mediately after his graduation he was chosen as Instructor of 
 Greek in Hiram College; but he soon reached the rank of 
 Professor of Classical Greek, a position for which he is emi- 
 nently qualified. As a Greek scholar he is brilliant as well as 
 accurate ; and for his age it would be difficult to find his su- 
 perior. He is a born teacher and the Professor's chair is his 
 throne rather than the pulpit. Courteous, intelligent and 
 genial, he is a favorite with students and citizens alike. 
 
 Charles T. Paul was born in Bowmanville, Ontario, 
 Canada, in 1869. Educated first in the Public and High 
 Schools of that town. Afterwards for ten years pursued the 
 study of Modern Languages principally 
 Charles Thomas ^^^^^ French, German and Italian Spe- 
 cialists. Also took special university 
 courses in Philosophy and Oriental Languages. 
 
340 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 In 1888 founded the Meisterschaft School of Linguistry 
 in Toronto, Ont, an institution which still exists in a flour- 
 ishing condition under a well known European master. 
 
 In 1890 became principal of the Toronto School of Lan- 
 guages, in which seventeen languages, including orientals, 
 classics and moderns were offered. On the faculty were as- 
 sociated with Mr. Paul lecturers and honor graduates of To- 
 ronto University, and one graduate of a Japanese University. 
 The majority of the students of this school were teachers or 
 professors who came to avail themselves of the special ad- 
 vantages in Modern Languages. The work differed from the 
 ordinary university courses in that the students were given 
 an actual speaking knowledge of French, German, Spanish, 
 and Italian. 
 
 While in Toronto Mr. Paul was in frequent demand to 
 interpret public lectures for foreign speakers. 
 
 In 189 1 he was married to Miss Jessie Williams, of Oak- 
 ville. 
 
 In 1894 he was appointed Professor of English Rhetoric 
 in the Delsarte College of Oratory, also in the same year be- 
 came editor of "The Tibetan," a journal devoted to the relig- 
 ious, philological, and ethnological questions of Central Asia. 
 The journal attracted considerable attention in America and 
 Asia, and from its scientific value was recognized by the 
 Smithsonian Institution at Washington. He also delivered 
 lectures in many cities and towns of Ontario on Central 
 Asiatic questions. 
 
 In 1895 Mr. Paul united with the Disciples of Christ, 
 and began the pubHcation of "The Christian Messenger," 
 which is still the organ of the Disciples in Ontario. Shortly 
 afterwards he was called to the pastorate of the Cecil Street 
 Church, Toronto, where he succeeded W. J. Lhamon, and 
 carried on a successful work until January, 1900, when he 
 came to the chair of Modern Languages in Hiram College. 
 
ADMINISTRATION OP E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I90O. 341 
 
 Miss Marcia Henry, Assistant Professor of Latin and 
 Greek, and Principal of the Ladies' Department, is of direct 
 descent in the student line of the Hiram fellowship. Her 
 father. Captain Charles E. Henry was a 
 ^^" student in the days of the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute, his name appearing on the roll of the Institution for the 
 year 1858. Her mother, Sophia Williams Henry, made her 
 first entry into Hiram as a student in the year 1859. Her 
 grandfather, Frederick Williams, was a member of the first 
 Board of Trustees, and one of the incorporators of the Insti- 
 tution ; and he offered the first resolution in a meeting of the 
 Board of Trustees providing for the change from Western 
 Reserve Eclectic Institute to Hiram College. Miss Henry 
 was born October 13, 1869, ^^ Geauga Lake near Solon, O. 
 Her student life at Hiram was always faithful and efficient. 
 She graduated from Hiram College in 1891, and after her 
 graduation accepted a position in the public schools of Men- 
 tor, Ohio. In the fall of 1893 she returned to Hiram as As- 
 sistant Professor of Latin and Greek and Principal of the 
 Ladies' Department, a position she has held with credit to 
 herself and to the college ever since. 
 
 Frank Home Kirkpatrick, Professor of 
 Frank Home /^ ^ 1 1 , 1 1 • 1 
 
 Kirkpatrick Oratory, has conducted his department 
 
 with credit to himself and to the Colleee. 
 Miss Kate S. Parmly, Assistant in the Ladies' Depart- 
 ment of Hiram College, was born in Perry, Lake county, 
 Ohio, September 20, 1855. She was a student at Vassar in 
 1872. In 1892 she took the Degree of 
 Bachelor of Elocution from the Cleveland 
 School of Oratory, and later the Degree of Master of Elocu- 
 tion from the same school. In the fall of 1897 she came to 
 Hiram. Her work at Hiram has revealed the cultured Chris- 
 tian woman and the accomplished and faithful teacher. 
 
 Miss Clara Louise Whissen, Teacher of Piano, Violin, 
 
342 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 etc., in the Department of Music, is worthy of high praise. 
 
 In natural gifts, culture in the theory and practice of music, 
 
 in enthusiastic devotion to her work she 
 
 ,,rf . °"^^ excels. She studied under the celebrated 
 
 Whissen. 
 
 Henry Schradrich in the Cincinnati Con- 
 servatory of Music, and later was a pupil of Jacobsohn. She 
 has taught in Westminster College, Pa. ; Shepardson Semi- 
 nary and Mt. Vernon College. In the fall of 1897 she accept- 
 ed her present position in Hiram College, as teacher of vio- 
 lin and stringed instruments and assistant instructor of 
 piano. She is a pianist and violinist of rare ability, and as a 
 teacher she has been eminently successful. 
 
 William A. MacKenzie, who has charge 
 
 William A. o^ the Business Department of the College 
 
 MacKenzie. is steadily grov/ing in favor; and as his 
 
 ability as a teacher becomes manifest his 
 
 patronage correspondingly increases. 
 
 Mrs. Emma Johnson Dean's connection with Hiram Col- 
 lege as student and teacher is earlier than that of any other of 
 the present Faculty. From i866-'68 she had charge of the 
 
 Art Class. In 1882 after an absence of 
 
 Emma Tohnson .1 • , 1 , 1 . tt* j 
 
 •* thirteen years, she returned to Hiram and 
 
 again took up her work in the Art Depart- 
 ment. She has thoroughly prepared herself for the position 
 she holds under the best teachers accessible. Within recent 
 years she has added the art of China decoration to her other 
 accomplishments, and at present is teacher of China decora- 
 tion and pastel. Her character and generous gifts of mind 
 and heart have received a just tribute from all who have come 
 under her influence, and her life has been an adornment to 
 Hiram and Hiram College. 
 
 Miss Allie Mabel Dean, Teacher of Still Life and Draw- 
 ing, daughter of Professor B. S. and Emma Johnson Dean, 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 343 
 
 graduated from Hiram College in 1895, 
 Allie Mabel receiving the Degree of Ph. B. In 1896 
 
 she went to Oherlin to study art, and later 
 studied at Cleveland in the Art Club. In the fall of 1896 she 
 began to teach in the Art Department of Hiram College, a 
 position she still holds. Her work is highly commended and 
 her personal character commands the respect of all. 
 
 Miss Emma O. Ryder received the Degree of A. B. from 
 Hiram College in 1890 and the Master's Degree in 1894. For 
 
 several years after her graduation she was 
 Emma O. Ryder, engaged in public school work, in which 
 
 she was very successful. In the fall of 
 
 1896 she was chosen Librarian, and Secretary of the Faculty 
 
 of Hiram College. For this work she is well prepared and 
 
 the College interests are the gainer by her service. 
 
 The standard and literary curricula of Hiram College are 
 
 very complete, and rank in strength with the courses of the 
 
 best American Colleges. They are designed for such persons 
 
 as have the time and means and desire to 
 
 Courses of Study. > j 1 <• , 1 t r 
 
 pursue an extended course of study. If 
 
 there were nothing else the discipline of such a course is of 
 the highest value. 
 
 The Ministerial, Legal and Medical courses meet the 
 wants of some students who wish to shape their college 
 course with special reference to their chosen field of work. 
 Each of the professional courses, however, represents as 
 inuch work, and yields as much mental discipline, as the reg- 
 ular Classical, Scientific or Literary Course. The Teachers' 
 Course is arranged with special reference to the wants of 
 common school teachers. The English Ministerial Course 
 is intended to meet the wants of persons who, through force 
 of circumstances, have been denied large educational advan- 
 tages until it is too late to undertake a long course of study, 
 or who may have been prevented for other reasons from un- 
 
344 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 dertaking extended lines of work. The Business Course pro- 
 vides two years of solid work, and is designed to furnish 
 ample preparation for mercantile and general business pur- 
 suits. The Post-Graduate Courses are arranged for the ac- 
 commodation of students who have graduated in some reg- 
 ular course and desire to win the Master's Degree. The an- 
 nual catalogs of the College furnish information in detail 
 concerning these courses. 
 
 Commencement week, June i6 to June 22, i goo, marked 
 a distinct period in the history of Hiram College. A half 
 century had passed since its founders had stood in joyful an- 
 ticipation by its new-laid foundations. 
 Commencement rr^^ . r ,a 11 --i • a.i 
 
 w k 1900 most of them had gone withm the 
 
 low green tent whose curtains never out- 
 ward swing.'' The enthusiastic motor which had moved the 
 Institution in its earliest years had been replaced by the 
 sober, steady push of later years, made necessary by competi- 
 tion, financial stress, and a faith made strong by works. 
 Nearly all who had honored the classrooms of the Institution 
 at the beginning and made them famous were only memories 
 to those who constituted the student body of 1900. The ten 
 thousand students who had entered its halls in the days long 
 since past, if living, were among the old and gray-headed 
 men and women of the present and their children were the 
 stars that shone in the sky of their evening. The evening 
 and the morning had appeared in regular alternation for 
 more than eighteen thousand times since Principal A, S. 
 Hayden, then in the prime of his young manhood, led the 
 "foremost files" of young men and women who became at the 
 last the queens of the home, the masters of the farm and the 
 counter, the wizards that play with elemental forces, the 
 great lights of the school and the college, the expound- 
 ers of law, the able and skillful practitioners of medicine, 
 the eloquent preachers of the ''faithful word," and the ruling 
 hands of the great Republic. 
 
STREET VIEW, 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-1900. 345 
 
 This great week had been looked forward to for many 
 months as the crowning period of an honorable history begot- 
 ten of good; and like a carefully trained and nurtured life 
 had reached a summit from whose height could be seen to its 
 hungry horizon the unmistakeable signs of success. 
 
 In the vigor of its administration, in the number and de- 
 portment of the students, in the strength of its v/ork, in the 
 scope and strength of its teaching and teaching force, in the 
 cost of its work, in its religious fervor and results, in atten- 
 tion to the physical needs of the students, in the sharp com- 
 petition of its literary societies, in the large increase of its 
 permanent endowment, and in the general interest awakened 
 in favor of the Institution, the jubilee year had surpassed all 
 others. 
 
 The program for the week was elaborately prepared and 
 covered a wide field. For the sake of those who may in the 
 future read this portion of Hiram's history the program for 
 the jubilee week will have a decided inter- 
 rogram. ^^^ rj.^^ week was opened by the Com- 
 mencement of the Preparatory Department on June i6, 1900. 
 On Sunday, June 17, 1900, and on the one hundred and twen- 
 ty-fifth anniversary of the famous battle of Bunker Hill, 
 President Zollars delivered the Baccalaureate Sermon, tak- 
 ing for his subject "Saving others the true work of life." 
 Mark 15:31. ''Likewise also the chief priests mocking said 
 among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; Him- 
 self He cannot save." 
 
 On the evening of the same day the Christian Associa- 
 tions of the College held their anniversary exercises. On 
 Monday, June 18, the various Literary Societies held their 
 annual open sessions and presented thoroughly prepared pro- 
 grams. The rest of the week was divided according to the 
 following arrangement : 
 
34^ 
 
 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 1IlnDets=6tat)uate Dap 
 
 Tuesday, June 19th 
 Chairman— E. V. ZOLLARS 
 
 FORENOON, NINE O'CLOCK 
 
 Music - - - . . . _ Cornet Band. Voca! 
 
 Invocation ... - W. W. Sniff, Cleveland^ O. 
 
 Address - - - . - - H. B. Hazzard, Deerjield, O. 
 
 Address - - - Miss Florence Hathawaj, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Music - - -.- 
 
 Benediction . . - R. A. Nichols, Worcester, Afass. 
 
 afternoon, two o'clock 
 Music - - - . _ . - Cornet Band. Vocal 
 
 Invocation . - - - John E. Pounds, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Address ----- Clyde W. Wells, Grindstone^ Pa. 
 Address . . . . - Miss Adda Jobes, Brie, Pa. 
 
 Address E. B. Kernm, Hiram, O. 
 
 Music Vocal 
 
 Address - - - - - A. B. Philputt, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Benediction . - . . J. W. Kerns, Steubenville, O. 
 
 evening, 7:30 o'clock 
 
 Music - ^- - Cornet Band. Vocal 
 
 Invocation - - - - - G. L. Wharton, Hiram, O. 
 
 Music 
 
 Address . - - - President C. L. Loos, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 Music -- 
 
 Benediction - - - - - S. H. Bartlett, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Xilumni S)ap 
 
 Wednesday, June 20th 
 Chairman-prof. W. H. C. NEWINGTON, Niles, O. 
 
 forfnoon, nine o'clock 
 
 Music - Cornet Band. Vocal 
 
 Invocation M. L, Bates, Newark, O. 
 
 Address - - - Judge Henry C. White, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Music Vocai 
 
 Address - - - - F. W. Norton, Niagara Falls, N. T , 
 Poem - . ^ _ . Miss Adelaide Frost, Hiram, O ^ 
 
 Address - - -, - - - F. A. Henry, Cleveland, O 
 Benediction J- H. Goldner, Cleveland, O, 
 
 afternoon, two o'clock 
 Chairman— H. R. COOLEY, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Music » Cornet Band. Vocal 
 
 Invocation - - - - - - I. J, Cahili, Dayton, O. 
 
 Address - - - - W. M. Forest, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Music Vocal 
 
 Address ... - - Miss Cora Allen, Cincinnati., O. 
 
 Address J- K. Baxter, Mt. Vernon, O. 
 
 Benediction - - - - F. A. Bright, Painesville, O. 
 
 evening, 7 :80 o'clock 
 
 Entertainment of Hesperian Literary Society 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 347 
 
 Jubilee Da^ 
 
 Thursday, June 21st 
 Chairman— E. V. ZOLLARS 
 
 FORENOON, NINE o'CLOCK 
 
 Music Cornet Band. Vocal 
 
 Invocation .... Lathrop Cooley, Cleveland^ O. 
 
 Address J. A. Lord, Cincinnati^ O. 
 
 Music 
 
 Address - . - _ Hon. T. W. Phillips, Newcastle, Pa. 
 
 Address Gov. F. M. Drake, Bes Moines, la. 
 
 Music Vocal 
 
 Benediction - - - - - J. M. Van Horn, Warren^ O. 
 afternoon, two o'clock 
 
 Music Cornet Band. Vocal 
 
 Invocation - F. M. Green, Kent, O. 
 
 Jubilee Endowment - - - - Announcement of Results 
 Address - - - . - j. H. Garrison, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Music - Vocal 
 
 Addresses of Class Professors 
 
 Presentation of Diplomas 
 
 Music .-.- _.. 
 
 Jubilee Poem - - Mrs. Jessie Brown Pounds, Cleveland, O. 
 Closing Prayer - - - - - R. Moffett, Cleveland, O. 
 
 EVENING, 7:30 o'clock 
 Entertainment of Alethean Literary Society 
 
 ^Eclectic Ba^ 
 
 Friday, June 22nd 
 Chairman— B. A. HINSDALE, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Music Vocal 
 
 Invocation B. S. Dean, Hiram, O. 
 
 Historical Address - - B. A. Hinsdale, Ann Arbor, Mick. 
 Music 
 
 Address R. H. Gano, Dallas, Tex. 
 
 Five Minute Speeches : 
 
 J. H. Jones, Mt. Union, O.', R. Moffett, Cleveland, O.', 
 F. Treudley, Toungsto-vun, O. ; Wallace J. Ford, Hiram, O. ; 
 Lathrop Cooley, Cleveland, 0.\ W. A. Belding, Troy, 
 N. r.; S. L. Hillier, New Tork City, J. S. Ross, Oneida 
 Mills, O.; Amzi Atwater, Bloomington, Ind.; W. L. 
 Hayden, Edensburg, Pa.\ H. S. Chamberlain, Chatta- 
 nooga, Tenn.\ E. A. Ford, Pittsburg, Pa. 
 Others of the early students and pioneers will be present, 
 and will make short speeches. 
 
 Closing Prayer - - - Prof. E. B. Wakefield, Hiram, O. 
 
348 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 Nearly all whose names appear on the program were 
 present and filled the place assigned to them. Some were 
 absent in person but present in their letters of regret. Of 
 eminent men who made addresses it will not be uninteresting 
 to specially name a few. 
 
 Charles Louis Loos of Kentucky University, Lexington, 
 a French-German by birth and a Yankee by adoption, in his 
 77th year, with characteristic force of lan- 
 guage and gesture declared his convic- 
 tions of the value of the Bible as the supreme authority in all 
 education from lowest to highest. His sturdy words of in- 
 telligent conviction were heartily endorsed by all who heard 
 him. 
 
 Judge Henry C. White, of Cleveland, O., 
 
 Henry C. White. ^^^ "plumed knight" of the old and the 
 
 new Hiram fellowship, represented most 
 
 worthily the Alumni of the Institution. 
 
 J. A. Lord, the accomplished editor of the Christian 
 
 Standard, Cincinnati, Ohio, commended the College for 
 
 making: the Bible the crown of its curric- 
 
 ' ^ ' ula of study. His address was delivered 
 
 with power and earnestness and was heartily enjoyed by the 
 
 great audience present. 
 
 A. B. Philputt of Indianapolis, Ind., in his address to 
 
 the under-graduates spoke to their hearts as only he can 
 
 speak who has traveled the same road and 
 
 A. B. Philputt. 11,1 
 
 had the same experiences. 
 J. H. Garrison, the veteran editor of the Christian Evan- 
 gelist, felicitously and strongly presented the subject of 
 ''Christian Education, Its Nature and Value." In the en- 
 largement of his thought he declared : "It 
 J. . Garrison. .^ ^^^ extravagant to say that education is 
 
 the supreme need of the world, and that to impart this educa- 
 tion is the supreme work of life. This broad use of the 
 
ADMINISTRATION OP E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 349 
 
 term education, however, includes in it Jesus Christ 
 as the world's great Teacher, and His divine com- 
 mand, 'Go teach' is the charter for the highest edu- 
 cation, for the truest culture. Any idea of education that 
 leaves out Christ is vitally defective. It leaves undeveloped 
 the highest ranges of human nature. Christian education is 
 only another name for true education, or for a full and com- 
 plete education. This is the one reason that justifies the es- 
 tablishment and maintenance of institutions of learning that 
 are distinctively Christian in their aim, methods and results." 
 
 Thomas W. Phillips of New Castle, Pa., 
 
 briefly and fervently emphasized the cred- 
 
 T. W. Phillips. itable work the Institution had done in the 
 
 past, and the obligations that were laid 
 
 upon it for future good and influence. 
 
 The closing day was given to the pioneers, i. e., those 
 
 who had to deal with the Institution in the days of the "Old 
 
 Eclectic." On this day Prof. B. A. Hinsdale presided and 
 
 „ ^ „. ^ , made the principal address. It was of a 
 B. A. Hinsdale. , . . • , , , , , . . 
 
 historical character and had in it an ele- 
 ment of pathos uncommon in Mr. Hinsdale's addresses. It 
 proved to be one of the last of his public addresses, and the 
 last for Hiram. A few months later his heart ceased to send 
 the life-current to his busy brain, his voice was silent, and his 
 earthly pilgrimage completed. As the substance of this ad- 
 dress is found in other parts of this volume, and sometimes 
 in the exact language used, it is not necessary to insert it 
 here. 
 
 The Jubilee Poem, "The Old to the New," by Mrs. Jes- 
 sie Brown Pounds of Cleveland, O., was by one of Hiram's 
 true daughters by birth and education. In 
 Jessie Brown exquisite phrase she sung the story of Pli- 
 ram's fifty years. In verse that carried its 
 thought felicitously Mrs. Pounds said: 
 
350 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 ''The trumpets sound at last the Fiftieth Year; 
 
 From far away to near, 
 
 From near to far away, 
 
 The welcome notes are swelled. 
 
 And joyously they say 
 To those in Toil's insistent bondage held, — 
 
 The captives of the mart, 
 
 The cup-bearers of Art, 
 The bowed field-laborers from the world of thought 
 Who in the mid-day's burning sun have wrought, — 
 
 "Come hither ! ye are free 
 
 To keep the Jubilee !" 
 
 We come to claim our own ; 
 
 The lands the miser Time has wrenched away 
 
 Are ours again today ; 
 
 Our castles, overgrown 
 With moss and ivy through neglectful years, 
 And dimly seen through mists of envious tears, 
 In spite of Life's pursuing ''might-have-been," 
 
 We stand again within ; 
 For in the dreamed-of Year of Jubilee 
 
 All forfeit lands are free. 
 
 We come in joyous answer to the call ; 
 
 We come, but ah ! not all. 
 Some whom we miss, and seek with wistful eyes, 
 
 Walk not in mortal guise. 
 The night shall come to all, we say. Alas ! 
 The shadows fall at noon ; the strongest pass 
 Before the night has come. We prate of "Why ?' 
 
 When shadows linger nigh, 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF K. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 35 1 
 
 And Stretch our short philosophy to reach 
 
 Be3ond the blue. In vain. 
 
 In vain our tricks of speech ; 
 
 We can not make it plain. 
 Only our hearts this world-old lesson teach : 
 
 That these in youth abide 
 
 Forever at our side, 
 
 Forever strong and free, 
 
 And fresh for victory ! 
 
 ****** :^ 
 
 When the half century again shall call. 
 How many will respond among us all ? 
 
 But here and yonder one 
 
 Remaining there will be 
 Who faces now the East, and fronts the sun, — 
 Whose present wealth is hope, not memory. 
 The rest ? It shall not matter. God is God. 
 
 A tiny ridge of sod 
 Is all He needs. The world He made goes on; 
 
 We crowd it, and are gone. 
 Though human love and memory grow dim. 
 
 He cares, and He is just; 
 A handful more or less of scattered dust, 
 Though naught to man, is still enough for Him. 
 
 The hour grows chill and late ; 
 
 Our Argosies of gold 
 
 Return not, though we wait, 
 
 And waiting, we grow old. 
 But they are safe. Beyond some harbor bar. 
 
 In some glad land afar 
 
 Our treasures all are stored; 
 
 Not ours to have and hoard 
 
 Is all the truth we sought, 
 
352 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 The high achievements that we would have wrought; 
 But safe beyond all selfish power and pride, 
 
 Beyond all stress of tide, 
 
 On some fair, friendly shore, 
 Our ships of Hope are anchored evermore ; 
 And soon or late, we know not how or when, 
 
 Each claims his own again !" 
 
 The exercises of jubilee week, while of a joyful and en- 
 couraging character, were tempered with seriousness by the 
 sudden death of Prof. A. C. Pierson, who for twenty-five 
 vears had been connected with the College. 
 
 Conclusion. at i r -^ u- j. 
 
 Nearly every year of its history was repre- 
 sented among the multitude of guests who came from every 
 direction and from distant places to the jubilee. J. G. Cole- 
 man, who was President, at the conclusion of the meeting in 
 Aurora November 7, 1849, when the decision was reached to 
 locate the school at Hiram was present and like Jacob, "lean- 
 ing on the top of his staff;" Mrs. A. S. Hayden, 
 the faithful wife, the blessed mother, who with 
 her distinguished husband formed the center of the 
 charmed circle of the early fellowship of Hiram. 
 Her presence was as a benediction of the past upon 
 the hopeful future. J. H. Jones, a member of the first Board 
 of Trustees, erect as a mountain pine but with shattered voice 
 and failing memory, barely a gleam from the full-orbed sun 
 of his glorious life; Hartwell Ryder, one of the delegates to 
 the Aurora meeting, for many years a Trustee, and always a 
 friend; son of Symonds Ryder, the sturdy oak, out of which 
 the Eclectic Institute made its Treasurer from 1849 ^o i860; 
 W. J. Ford, who laid the foundation for the permanent en- 
 dowment of the College, and who was elected to its Board of 
 Trustees in 1856; Charles Brown Lockwood, a member in 
 continuous service on the Board of Trustees from 1866 to 
 1900; Henry Clay White, who represented the first year of 
 
ADMINISTRATION OF E. V. ZOLLARS, 1888-I9OO. 353 
 
 its student body; Mrs. F. M. Green who as Ellen E. Stow 
 was a student of the second year ; Mrs. Robert Moffett, who 
 as Lucy A. Green was a student of the third year ; and War- 
 ren L. Hayden, Francis M. Green, Alanson Wilcox, Mary A. 
 
 D. Williams, Mrs. Emma Johnson Dean, Charles E. Henry, 
 Sophia Williams Henry, Jasper G. Ross, Howard A. Trend- 
 ley, Andrew Squire, F. A. Derthick, E. B. Wakefield, Grove 
 
 E. Barber, Charles Fillius, J. M. Van Horn, William H. C. 
 Newington, William G. Dietz, Frederick A. Henry, Harlan 
 M. Page, Fred A. Bright, Warren S. Hayden, Samuel H 
 Bartlett, A. G. Webb, Adelaide G. Frost, R. A. Nichols, B 
 C. Caywood, R. P. Shepherd, William G. Frost 
 Leon C. Vincent, Walter S. Hertzog, W. J. Crum 
 Guy Hoover, Frank C. Rulon, Fred Kline, Justin N 
 Green, D, R. Moss, and Charles E. Benlehr — these represent- 
 ed nearly every successive year from the time the decision 
 was made to locate the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute at 
 Hiram in 1849 to the crowning of Hiram College in 1900. 
 Hiram College is the growth from a living seed planted fifty 
 years ago, wisely and with prayer. It does not owe its ori- 
 gin to any one man vs^hose name can be spoken with positive- 
 ness. Its progress has been due not to one but to many. Men 
 planted it ; men watered it ; men cherished and nourished it ; 
 and men threw the safeguards of common sense, the common 
 and statute law around it. But all the while it has grown 
 because of the living and energizing idea which informed it. 
 For the same reason it has yielded its seed after its kind and 
 become the cherishing mother to many thousands of sons 
 and daughters. Hiram College is a monument to the devo- 
 tion of an intelligent and God-loving, conscientious people in- 
 terested in the welfare, present and future, of humanity. Its 
 birth was with pain and sacrifice. It has been nursed by the 
 tears, the prayers, and the anxious watchings of many : and 
 its semi-centennial has been crowned with the praise of its 
 
354 HISTORY OF HIRAM COLLEGE. 
 
 sons and daughters and with the love and blessings of Gk^d. 
 This chapter cannot better close than with the song in almost 
 faultless rhyme and rhythm, by Hiram's laureate, Mrs. Jessie 
 Brown Pounds : 
 
 "Secluded village of the hills, 
 
 I own thy witching spell ; 
 The charm that all thy lovers thrills 
 
 Is over me as well. 
 
 The Mystic Fount of Youth is thine; 
 
 There is no 'now' or 'then,' 
 But underneath thy spell divine 
 
 We all are young again. 
 
 Slight, shadowy forms from far lands come 
 
 At Love's insistent call, 
 And voices cry, 'Oh, sweet, sweet home, 
 
 We love thee best of all !' 
 
 Dear hands long still again I claim, 
 
 From out the Used-to-Be ; 
 Each breeze that passes speaks a name 
 
 And stirs a memory. 
 
 O, Hiram, thou are surely blest ! 
 
 The world thy story hears ; 
 Sweet thoughts of thee like flowers are pressed 
 ' Within the Book of Years." 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
HIRAM COLLEGE ALUMNL 
 
 1869 
 
 Andrew A. Amidon Deceased 
 
 James E. Hurlburt, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Elma Dunn Truesdall Garrettsville, O. 
 
 *L. L. Campbell, Teacher Youngstown, O. 
 
 *Henry Clay White, Probate Judge Cleveland, O. 
 
 *Hiram S. Chamberlain, Business Chattanooga, Tenn. 
 
 * William H. Clapp, U. S. Soldier Pine Ridge, S. D. 
 
 *Frank H. Mason, U. S. Consul Berlin, Germany 
 
 J870 
 
 Alexander C Parker Deceased 
 
 Edmund B. Wakefield, Professor of Law and Economics, 
 
 Hiram College Hiram, O. 
 
 *Frank M. Green, Preacher Kent, O. 
 
 *Clayton C. Smith, Preacher Cincinnati, O. 
 
 *I. A. Thayer, Preacher New Castle, Pa. 
 
 *William H. Rogers, Preacher Milton, Mass. 
 
 *Charles E. Henry, Business Geauga Lake, O. 
 
 I87J 
 
 Grove E. Barber, Professor of Latin in State University 
 
 Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 George H. Colton, Professor of Natural Science Hiram 
 College Hiram, O. 
 
 Edgar A. Pardee, Minister Williamsville, N. Y. 
 
 Mrs. Inez Slocum Black Boston, Mass. 
 
 Mrs. Julia Smith Leavitt Eden Valley, Mmn. 
 
 Taylor. A'. Snow, Real Estate Agent Austni, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Orissa Udall Arner Jefferson 
 
 Sutton E. Young, Mining Business Rapid City, S. D. 
 
 *Alanson Wilcox, Preacher Cleveland, O. 
 
 *Jessie Brown Pounds, Literary Cleveland, O. 
 
 *P. H. Dudley, Business New York City. 
 
 J872 
 
 William P. Cope, Superintendent of Schools Hamilton 
 
 Morgan P. Hayden, Minister. .. .Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Can. 
 
 Charles W. Hemry, Minister ?.^l^^^H' S u 
 
 Orlo C. Hubbell, Superintendent of Schools Fairfield, Neb. 
 
 Mrs. Seleucia Newcomb Hayden •..••••. • 
 
 Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Can. 
 
 Joseph W.* RobbinsV.V Deceased 
 
358 APPENDIX 
 
 Mrs. Alice Squire Hemry Fairfield, Neb. 
 
 Andrew Squire, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 *Frank A. Derthick, Farmer Mantua, O. 
 
 *Lucy B. Dudley New York City. 
 
 *James M. Van Horn, Preacher. . . . .' Warren, O. 
 
 *Names marked with a (*) were students of the Eclectic Insti- 
 tute on whom the Board of Trustees conferred Degrees and assigned 
 them to the classes where their names appear. 
 
 1873 
 
 William A. Babcock, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Frank A. Beecher, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 James H. Griffith Deceased 
 
 William I. Hudson, Attorney Chicago, 111. 
 
 Enoch Leavitt, Minister Edon Valley, Minn. 
 
 Worthy T. Newcomb, Business Dewesse, Neb. 
 
 Andrew R. Odell, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Alpheus W. Russell, Editor Mantua Station 
 
 Frank L. Summey, Merchant Washington, D. C. 
 
 Alvin C. White, Attorney Jefferson 
 
 J 574 
 
 William R. Harris Deceased 
 
 George A. Robertson, Editor Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Rose Tilden Cope Hamilton 
 
 1 375 
 
 Florence Bidlake, Teacher Mantua 
 
 Charles Fillius, Attorney Warren 
 
 Byron E. Helman, Book Seller Cleveland 
 
 Wilbert B. Hinsdale, Dean of the Homeopathic Faculty, Mich- 
 igan University Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 John F. Rodefer, Manufacturer Elwood, Ind. 
 
 Charles H. Ryder Deceased 
 
 Burnett T. Stafford, Minister Cleveland, N. Y. 
 
 J877 
 
 Harris R. Cooley, Minister Cleveland 
 
 Charles L. Hall Deceased 
 
 Lee Helsley, Attorney Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Fayette J. Morton, Physician Cleveland 
 
 Galen Wood, Minister Cripple Creek, Colo. 
 
 Orlando M. Woodward Deceased 
 
 J879 
 
 Edwin S. Bower Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Clifton D. Hubbell, Professor of English in Cleveland Public 
 Schools Bedford 
 
APPENDIX. 359 
 
 William H. C. Newington, Principal of High School Niles 
 
 Arthur C. Pierson Deceased 
 
 Adelaide Rudolph, Teacher in Lake Erie College. .... .Painesville 
 
 Mrs. Clara Stanhope Hall Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 1880 
 
 Lyman W. Gilbert Deceased 
 
 Louis H. Hoffman, Business Cleveland 
 
 Edward J. Robison, Banker Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Colwell P. Wilson, Banker Youngstown 
 
 J88J 
 
 Mrs. Lizzie Clapp Robblns Cleveland 
 
 William G. Dietz, Banker Cleveland 
 
 William F. Fairbanks, Teacher Montville, O. 
 
 Vanton O. Foulk, Business Cleveland 
 
 Marion J. Grabel, Pastor of Dunham Avenue Christian Church. 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Carroll H. Parmelee Buffalo, Wyoming 
 
 Mrs. Minnie Robison Robinette Macedonia 
 
 Henry M. Stone, Merchant Broker ..Denver, Colo. 
 
 J882 
 
 Charles N. Works, Business North Bloomfield 
 
 Edna L Allyn, Teacher Ottumwa, la. 
 
 Mrs. Lizzie Cans Kriechbaum Canton 
 
 Mrs. Jessie Pettibone Dietz Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Helen Pettibone Robison Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Mrs. Anna Robison Atwater Macedonia 
 
 George C. Russell, Teacher Santa Maria, Cal. 
 
 J883 
 
 Charles Taylor, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Minnie Allen Stone Deceased 
 
 Franklin P. Allyn, Teacher Forrest 
 
 Howard H. Baker, Minister San Bernardino, Cal. 
 
 Floyd N. Barber, Attorney Washington, D. C. 
 
 George A .McFarland, Principal of State Normal School 
 
 Valley City, N. D. 
 
 Mrs, Lucy Noble Harmon Akron 
 
 Lyman A. Reed, Business Cleveland 
 
 Willard W. Slabaugh, Judge Omaha, Neb. 
 
 James G. Warren, Banker Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Clark M. Young, Professor in State University Vermillion, S. D. 
 
 J884 
 
 William B. Clark, Farmer Bedford 
 
 Warren Craig, Insurance Agent Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
360 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hattie E. Roblson, Teacher .Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Mrs. Ida Sherman Merriman Burton 
 
 Walter C. Spaulding, Banker Cleveland 
 
 Duane H. Tilden, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Almon P. Turner, Manager of the Canadian Copper Co., 
 
 Sudbury, Ontario, Canada 
 
 Mrs. Lilian Works Robertson Camp Point, 111. 
 
 Mrs. Cora Amphlett Downs Wellesley Hills, Mass. 
 
 Airs. Mabel Bowe Ackerman Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Laura Gerould Craig, Author New York, N. Y. 
 
 Robert Hoffman, Civil Engineer Cleveland 
 
 Ida A. Preston, Teacher ,,,,,,,.,,,. .Larnard, Kan. 
 
 J886 
 
 Mrs. Catherine Beattie Hall Deceased 
 
 Edwin L. Hall, Professor of Latin in Hiram College Hiram 
 
 Nimrod D. Laughlin, Business Alma, III. 
 
 Clarence E. Wier, Attorney Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 J887 
 
 Mrs. Cora Clark Cooley Cleveland 
 
 John W. Darnel, Teacher Jefferson City, Mo. 
 
 Mrs. Nettie Hopkins McCorkle, Teacher Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Flora James Coli5^er Beloit, Wis. 
 
 Mrs. Laura Laughlin McGinnis New Kirk, Okla. 
 
 Frank W. Norton, Minister Irvington, Ind. 
 
 1888 
 
 Charles J. Atwater Deceased 
 
 Frederick A. Henry, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 1889 
 
 Isaac J. Cahill, Minister Dayton 
 
 William A. Knight, Minister Fall River, Mass. 
 
 William H, Mooney Deceased 
 
 Arthur B. Russell Deceased 
 
 John Shackson, Editor Glenville 
 
 M. Ellen Stevens, Teacher Akron, O. 
 
 J890 
 
 Mrs. Louise Adams Henry Cleveland 
 
 John K. Baxter, Superintendent of Schools Mt. Vernon 
 
 Nellie A. Craft Deceased 
 
 William J. Dodge, Principal of High School Ravemia 
 
 Edgar R. Fuller, Minister Bakersville, Cal. 
 
 Adda M. Hathaway Bedford 
 
 Harlan M. Page, Physician, Professor of Medical Science Hi- 
 ram College Hiram 
 
ABRAM TEACHOUT. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 361 
 
 Lucius W. Prichard, Physician Ravenna 
 
 Mrs. Angie Proctor Ragan Batavia, III. 
 
 Emma O. Ryder, Librarian of Hiram College Hiram 
 
 Benjamin J. Sawyer, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 John B. Works, Banker Cincinnati 
 
 J89J 
 
 Mary E. Clark, Modiste Cleveland 
 
 Marcia Henry, Professor in Hiram College, Lady Principal. .Hiram 
 
 Robert M. Marshall, Minister Belle Vernon, Pa. 
 
 Archie A. McCorkle Deceased. 
 
 Homer D. Messick, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Myrta G. Parsons, Teacher Athens, Ga. 
 
 Mrs. Carrie Patch Norton Cleveland 
 
 George A. Ragan, Minister Batavia, 111. 
 
 Calvin C. Ryder, Business Cleveland 
 
 George H. Rymers, Banker Fremont 
 
 Edwin O. Trescott, Superintendent of Schools Columbiana 
 
 Julius V. Wilson, Deceased 
 
 1892 
 
 Edgar W. Allen, Minister Ft. Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Cora A, Allen, Teacher Lockland 
 
 Fred A. Bright, Minister Painesville 
 
 Warren D. Calvin, Physician Ft. Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Mrs. Josephine Clark Works Cincinnati 
 
 J. Ernest Dean, Illustrator Cleveland 
 
 Jacob D. Forrest, Professor in Butler College Irvington, Ind. 
 
 Charles A. Freer, Minister Columbus 
 
 Albert H. Hurd, Minister Lone Pine, Pa. 
 
 Warren S. Hayden, Banker Cleveland 
 
 J. Herman Norton, Printer and Publisher Cleveland 
 
 Perry J. Rice, Minister South Bend, Ind. 
 
 Loa E. Scott, Physician Kirksville, Mo. 
 
 Hiram Van Kirk, Professor of Bible Chair of California Uni- 
 versity Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 George W. York, Banker. . , Cleveland 
 
 J893 
 
 Samuel H. Bartlett, Corresponding Secretary of Ohio State 
 
 Missionary Society Cleveland 
 
 William A. Brundige, Minister Lima 
 
 Mrs. Albertina Allen Forrest Irvington, Ind. 
 
 Mrs. Jessie Hall Wood Painesville 
 
 Mrs. Mary Henry Webb Mineral Ridge 
 
 Mary A. Lyons, Ohio State Secretary for C. W, B. M Hiram 
 
 Roger H. Miller, Business New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Clayton P. Rockwood, Attorney Cleveland 
 
3^2 APPENDIX. 
 
 Claude E. Sheldon, Attorney Windham 
 
 Mrs. Blanche Squire Hayden Cleveland 
 
 Lewis J. Wood, Attorney Painesville 
 
 Abner G. Webb, Banker Mineral Ridge 
 
 John H. York, Business Cleveland 
 
 J894 
 
 Clarence R. Bissell, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 David D. Burt, Minister Marion, O. 
 
 Delia P. Craft, Teacher Warren 
 
 Forrest D. Ferrall, Minister Pleasantville, la. 
 
 Adelaide G. Frost, Missionary to India Hiram 
 
 Mamie Gould, Teacher Cleveland 
 
 Bert E. Hathaway, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Rayniond E. Hull, Business Petosky, Mich. 
 
 Austin Hunter, Student in Chicago University Chicago, 111. 
 
 Herbert L. Jones, Teacher Hubbard 
 
 Alfred M. Kenyon, Instructor in Mathematics in Purdue Uni- 
 versity La Fayette, Ind. 
 
 Alfred Vernon Kontner Nelsonville 
 
 Henry F. Lutz, City Missionary of Pittsburg Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Mattie M, Marsh, Teacher Bryan 
 
 Roland A. Nichols, Minister Chicago, III. 
 
 E. B. Watson, Minister Ballinger, Texas 
 
 Allyn A. Young, Fellow in Wisconsin University. .Madison, Wis. 
 William M. Forrest, Missionary Calcutta, India 
 
 1895 
 
 Howard L. Atkinson, Minister Chicago, III. 
 
 Miner L. Bates, Minister Newark 
 
 Martin L. Buckley, Minister Rushsylvania 
 
 Ben C. Caywood, Minister Akron 
 
 Mabel G. Crosse, Teacher of Music Hazel Green. Ky. 
 
 Edwin C. Davis, Minister Bedford, O. 
 
 Lincoln Davis, Insurance Agent Cleveland 
 
 Allie M. Dean, Teacher in Art Department of Hiram CoUoge.. 
 
 Hiram 
 
 George B. Dilley, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Frances Hertzog Osgood, Missionary Chu Cheo, China 
 
 Harry H. Hudson, Attorney Cleveland 
 
 Harry W. Jewell, Attorney Delaware 
 
 Jay E. Lynn, Minister Springfield, 111. 
 
 P. W. McReynolds, Minister Marshall, Mich. 
 
 Charles A. Niman, Attorney Cleveland, O. 
 
 Dallas J. Osborne, Banker Tiffin 
 
 Elliott I. Osgood, Medical Missionary Chu Cheo, China 
 
 Maria Parker Bellamy Cleveland 
 
 Frank M. Ryder, Business New York 
 
 Robert P. Shepherd, Student in Columbia University New York 
 
APPENDIX. 363 
 
 Frank H. Simpson, Minister Massillon 
 
 Emerson J. Smith, County Auditor Ravenna 
 
 H. Maude Thompson, Teacher Malvern 
 
 Charles V. Trott, Teacher Martinsburg 
 
 Edwini T. Wakefield, Physician Youngstown, O. 
 
 Royal M. Wheeler, Business , Mantua Sta. 
 
 J896 
 
 J. P. Allison, Minister Uhrichsville 
 
 William T, Barnes, Minister Wellsville 
 
 , Claude C. Blair, Business Girard 
 
 George A. Bellamy, Warden of the Hiram House Cleveland 
 
 'Floyd H. Bogrand, Teacher Sharon, Pa. 
 
 'Elizabeth Carlton, Kindergartner Chicago, 111. 
 
 'Bertha A. Clark, Teacher in Cleveland Schools Bedford 
 
 Laura A. Craft. Teacher Warren 
 
 |lra H. Durf ee. Minister New Castle, Pa. 
 
 Eugene B. Dyson, Physician Rootstown 
 
 James H. Erskine, Physician Albany, Or. 
 
 William W. Frost, Student in Chicago University Chicago, 111. 
 
 J. H. Goldner, Pastor of Euclid Avenue Christian Church.... 
 
 Cleveland, O. 
 
 Mrs. Bessie Grabel Frost Chicago, 111. 
 
 John W. Kerns, Minister Steubenville, O. 
 
 Raphael H. Miller, Minister Wellsville, N. Y. 
 
 Lulu P. Phinney Mulberry Corners 
 
 Edith P. Robinson Deceased 
 
 Mrs. Clara Russell Anders Youngstown 
 
 Elmer E. Snoddy, Professor of Greek in Hiram College. .. .Hiram 
 
 Frederick G. Strickland, Minister Chicago 
 
 Carrie S. Tibbits, In Public Library Cleveland 
 
 Amos Tovell, Minister Guelph, Ontario, Can. 
 
 William D. Van Voorhis, Minister Akron, O. 
 
 Leon C. Vincent, Dentist Ravenna 
 
 W. R. Walker, Minister Martinsburg 
 
 Daniel G. Wagner, Minister Lordstown 
 
 1897 
 
 George W. Brown, Missionary Hurda, India 
 
 Margaret J. Calvin, Teacher Transfer, Pa. 
 
 Samuel G. Carson, Attorney Warren 
 
 Mamie B. Colton Vincent Ravenna 
 
 Lovina R. Cook Weston 
 
 Van C. Cook, Attorney Mansfield 
 
 W. S. Cook, Minister Fayette, O. 
 
 Henry J. Derthick. Minister Berea, Ky. 
 
 Emmitt C. Dix. Editor Wooster 
 
 Jay A. Egbert, Minister Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Mrs. Grace Finch Kenyon La Fayette, Ind. 
 
364 APPENDIX, 
 
 Mrs. Lulu Gault Lynn Springfield, 111. 
 
 William Harris, Minister .Paulding 
 
 Walter S. Hertzog, Principal of High School Beaver Falls, Pa. 
 
 John A. Longmore, Physician New York, N. Y. 
 
 John P. Myers, Minister Muncie, Ind. 
 
 Charles R. Scoville, Evangelist South Bend, Ind. 
 
 Albert F. Stahl, Minister West Mansfield 
 
 C. B. Titus, Missionary Lu Chu Fu, China 
 
 Lloyd D, Trowbridge, Physician Piqua, O. 
 
 Frank A. Turner, Teacher Everett, Wash. 
 
 W. G. Voliva, Minister Cincinnati, O. 
 
 Pearl H. Welshimer, Minister iMillersburg 
 
 A. E. Wrentmore, Minister Decatur, Mich. 
 
 J898 
 
 Howard A. Blake, Minister Washington, N. C. 
 
 William H, Boden, Minister Battle Creek, Mich, 
 
 ^Mrs. Mary Canfield Ewers Fayette 
 
 William J. Crum, Minister Hubbard, O. 
 
 William R. Davis, Teacher Hillsville, Pa. 
 
 Alonzo W. Fortune, Minister Chagrin Falls 
 
 Annie L. Gould, Teacher Bedford 
 
 Delbert E. Graver, Principal of High School Claridon 
 
 John S. Kenyon, Professor in Christian College Canton, Mo. 
 
 Ernest D. Long, Professor at Angola, Ind., Normal. .. .Angola, Ind. 
 
 Mrs. Ella Poppy McConnell, Minister Mineral Ridge 
 
 Willard R. Moffett, Minister Belle Center, O. 
 
 H. Wallace Murr}'-, Medical Student Camden, N. J. 
 
 Earl B. Newton, vBusiness Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Myra Po w Kenyon Canton, Mo. 
 
 Elizabeth Roberts, Teacher Owosso, Mich. 
 
 Williamx A, Scott, Minister West Point, Miss. 
 
 Mrs. Lorena Way Newcomb Shalersville 
 
 Bert W. Wilson, Medical Student Cleveland 
 
 Percy H. Wilson, Minister Austintown 
 
 Clinton M. Young, Professor at Add Ran University. .Waco, Texas 
 
 i899 
 
 Albertus H. Alden, Medical Student Cleveland 
 
 J. Everest Allyn, Farmer Hiram 
 
 Will A. Bellamy, Minister Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Myrta M. Bennett, Teacher at Chagrin Falls Chagrin Falls 
 
 John T. Bridwell, Minister Mcx\rthur, O. 
 
 Albert W. Cinniger, Attorney Medina 
 
 Edwin B. Collister, Law Student Wellsville, N. Y. 
 
 Clara C. Darsie, Secretary of Y. M. C. A Pittsburg, Pa. 
 
 Benjamin M. Derthick, Minister Solon 
 
 J. Ray Ewers, Minister Bowling Green 
 
 Lester B. Gary, Student at Case School Cleveland 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 365 
 
 Ross D. Gates, Teacher Chardon 
 
 Arthur Holmes, Minister '.*.'.*.'.'.'. '.'.'."Philadelphia 
 
 Guy Hoover, Minister ]. ' * Minerva 
 
 Harry C. Hurd, Medical Student *....'.'.'. *.*.'.*.'.'. 'Cincinnati 
 
 Mervin L. Jenney, Minister Cleveland 
 
 J. Norman Johnston, Minister Augusta 
 
 Yetaro Kinosita, Student at Columbia University New York City 
 
 Fred Kline, Minister ' Ravenna 
 
 Josephine A. Line, Medical Student Ann Arbor 
 
 Frederick S. Linsell, Minister Paw Paw, Mich. 
 
 Frank M. Longanecker, Professor at Fayette Normal School.. 
 
 Fayette 
 
 William A. McCartney, Minister Granger 
 
 Bruce McCully, Student at Chicago University Chicago, 111. 
 
 Arthur S. Mottinger, Law Student Akron 
 
 Florence E. Oliver, Teacher Princeton, Mo. 
 
 William L. Parsons, Business Cleveland 
 
 Bernice M. Phinney, Teacher Cleveland 
 
 J. Caldwell Price, Medical Student Cleveland 
 
 Frank C. Rulon, Assistant Professor of Mathematics H:iram 
 
 College Hiram 
 
 J. Hubert Turney, Attorney Madison, O. 
 
 Cora M. Turney. Deceased 
 
 Katharine M. Weeks, Teacher St. Lawrence, S. D. 
 
 Clifton C. Wise, Business Millersburg, O. 
 
 1900 
 
 Webb Parks Chamberlain Twinsburg 
 
 Virginia Dillinger Findlay 
 
 James Hermon Dodd Hiram 
 
 Frank Milton Field Sandy Lake, Pa. 
 
 Thomas Alfred Fleming Kilsythe, Ontario, Can. 
 
 George Berle Fox Welshfield 
 
 Joseph Laurel Garvin Hiram 
 
 Oswald Joseph Grainger De Soto, Mo. 
 
 Edward Atwood Henry Canandaigua, N. Y. 
 
 James Garfield Henry Geauga Lake 
 
 Henry Daniels Herrick Twinsburg 
 
 Walter Chesterfield Gibbs Ludlow, Ky. 
 
 James Byron Kahle Tedrow 
 
 John T. Le Fevre Hamilton, Ontario, Can. 
 
 Erwin Henry McConoughey Solon 
 
 Firman C. McCormick Hiram 
 
 Ada May McCormick Ft. Wayne, Ind. 
 
 Olney Lee Mercer Rudolph 
 
 Frederick Bernard Messing North Tonawanda, N. Y. 
 
 Ralph Otis Newcomb Garrettsville 
 
 1 Fred Andrew Nichols Hiram 
 
 John Charles Rhodes Portland, Ore. 
 
 Alice Townsend Robinson Angola, Ind. 
 
366 APPENDIX. 
 
 William Frederick Rothenburger Holgate 
 
 Walter Sleeper Rounds Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 Ward Cleland Sager Bryan 
 
 Charles Sumner Smith Newton Falls 
 
 Warren William Wager Bryan 
 
 Arthur Paul Wakefield Hiram 
 
 Walter D. Ward Winfield 
 
 John Warren Wiseman North Royalton 
 
 ALUMNI, LITERARY COURSE, 
 
 1893 
 
 Howard H. Bean, Physician Barberton, O. 
 
 L. A. Chapman, Minister Lorain, O. 
 
 J. H. Mohorter, Minister Boston, Mass. 
 
 Charles E. Rose, Farmer Lordstown 
 
 Joseph T. Shreve, Minister Shreve 
 
 1894 
 
 (Mrs. Francis Barbe Webb Deceased 
 
 T. A. Cooper, Minister Atlanta, Ind. 
 
 Z. O. Do ward. Minister Grand Island, Neb. 
 
 U. G. Gordon, Teacher Taylorsville, 111. 
 
 Mary F. Kelly, Missionary Nankin, China 
 
 Octavius Singleton, Teacher Louisville, Ky. 
 
 John H. Stove, Minister Hamilton, Ind. 
 
 G. B. Townsend, Minister Troy, N. Y. 
 
 Norman C. Yarian, Physician Cleveland 
 
 1895 
 
 Jacob W. Baker, Insurance Agent Cleveland 
 
 Mrs. Ada Linton Patterson Hudson 
 
 1896 
 
 Edward Bower, Insurance Agent Cleveland 
 
 Florence M. Campbell New Cumberland, W. Va. 
 
 Ella A. Caine New Castle, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Ella Dodd McGill Paulding 
 
 Mrs, Carrie Goodrich Kelly, Missionary Nankin, China 
 
 Mrs. Jeanette Howe Wilson Richmond, Ind. 
 
 Otto A. Meredith, Medical Student Cleveland, O. 
 
 Webster G. Moore, Minister Akron, O. 
 
 James A. Wharton, Minister Niagara Falls, N. Y. 
 
 Will B. White, Business Cleveland 
 
 1897 
 
 Dennison R. iMoss, Minister Niles 
 
 Charles F. Schovanek, Minister .North Lindale 
 
APPENDIX. 367 
 
 1898 
 
 Tom L. Baxter, Medical Student Ann Arbor, Mich. 
 
 Blanche M. Beck Deceased 
 
 Ethel C. Caskey, Teacher Bedford, O. 
 
 Harvey F. Fetzer, Student in Case School Cleveland, O. 
 
 Justin N. Green, Assistant Secretary of Foreign Missionary 
 
 Society Cincinnati, O. 
 
 Z. A. Harris, Minister Ft. Wayne, Ind. 
 
 James Johnston, Minister Adelaide, South Australia 
 
 O. T. Manly, Physician Garrettsville, O. 
 
 L. J. McConnell, Minister Mineral Ridge, O. 
 
 Mrs. Clara Worst Miller Ashland, O. 
 
 L. O. Packer, Teacher Deckers Point, Pa. 
 
 Esther B. Patterson, Secretary of Hiram College Faculty. .Hiram, O. 
 
 Susie L. Rawson, Missionary Mahoba, India 
 
 Carl D. Thayer, Business Cleveland, O. 
 
 Samuel Traum, Minister Wilmington, O. 
 
 Leonard J. Wilson, Student in Case School Cleveland, O. 
 
 J899 
 
 M. H, Axline, Medical Student Cincinnati 
 
 Jennie E. Britton, Teacher Edwards, Miss. 
 
 Charles T, Fredenburg, Minister Bingham Roads, Ontario, Can. 
 
 Daniel B. Grubb Mt. Vernon 
 
 Homer H. Heath, Medical Student Cleveland, O. 
 
 Laurence E. Heiges, Teacher Churchill 
 
 Carl S. Hertzog. Professor of Mathematics Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Lois Hurd Dexter City 
 
 John T, LeFevre, Minister London, Ontario, Can. 
 
 Harry W. MoMahon, Business Cleveland 
 
 Harrison F. Miller, Minister , , .Lowell, O. 
 
 1900 
 
 Ora Carlton Arndt Sullivan 
 
 Roy Bayard Bacon Cortland 
 
 Silas Haydn Calender Milton 
 
 Florence Hathaway Cleveland 
 
 Howard B. Hazzard Lordstown 
 
 Kromer C. Ice Salem, W. Va. 
 
 Adelaide A. E, Jobes Erie, Pa. 
 
 Manley Spaulding Lawrence East Canton, Pa. 
 
 Louis John Leet Freedom 
 
 Randolph Yates McCray Mansfield 
 
 Asa McDaniel Waco 
 
 Grace Elizabeth McKibben Newton Falls 
 
 Charles Grier Robinson Rockaway 
 
 Charles Scott Rowley North Fairfield 
 
 Nella Luella Shriver Dexter City 
 
 Celestia May TurnbuU Edinburg 
 
 Ralph Tiffany Williams Chagrin Falls 
 
368 APPENDIX. 
 
 At the opening of the Western Reserve Eclectic Insti- 
 tute in 1850 — a Primary Department was a prominent fea- 
 ture, and children not yet in their teens were gathered into 
 classes and special teachers provided for them. This ar- 
 rangement continued until 1857, when it 
 was discontinued. This department was 
 Principals of the j^ charge of a woman who not only taught 
 DepartmJnt ^^^ primary scholars, but also looked after 
 
 of the the interests and conduct of the young 
 
 Western Reserve women of the school. 
 
 Eclectic Institute. During the period from 1850 to 1857 
 five ladies had charge of this Department : 
 
 Phoebe M. Drake 1850 — 1851 
 
 Laura A. Clark 1851 — 1852 
 
 Calista O. Carlton 1852 — 1853 
 
 Harriet E. Wood 1853 — 1854 
 
 Sarah Udall 1854— 1857 
 
 After the discontinuance of the Primary Department 
 Miss Almeda A. Booth had general charge of the Ladies' 
 Department of the school until the establishment of the Col- 
 lege in 1867. Since that time 15 different ladies have been 
 elected to the position : 
 
 Lottie M. Sackett 1867— 1868 
 
 Cortentia C. Munson 1868 — 1869 
 
 Juliette Comstock 1869 — 1870 
 
 Ellen Jackson 1870 — 1871 
 
 Mrs. Marietta Cuscaden 1871 — 1877 
 
 Mrs. Phoebe B. Clapp 1877— 1880 
 
 Mary B. Jewett 1880— 1884 
 
 Minnie E. Robison 1884 — 1886 
 
 Phoebe T. Sutliff 1886— 1887 
 
 Kate L Beattie 1887— 1889 
 
 Mary B. Hamilton 1889 — 1891 
 
 Hellen B. Pettibone 1891 — 1893 
 
 Mrs. Hattie L. Barclay 1893 — 1894 
 
 Mary Graybiel 1894— 1895 
 
 Marcia Henry 1895 — 1901 
 
 The character and ability of each and all of these ladies, 
 
APPENDIX. 369 
 
 were of such a grade that the Institution was honored by 
 them and their assistance in its administration highly appre- 
 ciated. 
 
 The Board of Trustees of Hiram Col- 
 
 The ^^S^ ^^s always been composed of men, 
 
 Board of Trustees, honorable, faithful and capable — some of 
 
 them of exceptional ability as business 
 
 men. 
 
 Of the entire number of Trustees for 
 Presidents fifty years six only have been elected Pres- 
 
 of the Board. ident and two Vice President. Those who 
 have filled the office of President are : 
 
 Carnot Mason 1849 to 1856 
 
 Alvah Udall 1856 to 1880 
 
 John J. Ryder 1880 to 1890 
 
 A. Teachout 1890 to 1892 
 
 Charles E. Henry 1892 to 1899 
 
 Charles B. Lockwood 1899 ^^ iQoi 
 
 Those who have been elected Vice President are : 
 
 Sutton E. Young 1894 to 1896 
 
 F. M. Green 1896 to 1901 
 
 For fifty years six persons have filled the office of Sec- 
 retary of the Board of Trustees. In many respects this is 
 the most important and difficult of the offices created by the 
 Board. The value of the records depends 
 Secretaries very largely on the ability of the Secre- 
 
 of the Board. tary to gQt accurately, to record legibly 
 and intelligently, and to register system- 
 atically the action of the Board at its regular and special 
 meetings. Those who have occupied this office and their 
 terms of service are as follows : 
 
 Dr. Lyman W. Trask 1849 — 1864 
 
 Dr. Andrew J. Squire 1864 — 1875 
 
 Grove E. Barber 1875 — 1882 
 
 Arthur C. Pierson 1882— 1889 
 
 Bailey S. Dean 1889 — 1899 
 
 Alanson Wilcox 1899 — 1901 
 
 It is only justice to say that the records of Dr. Trask 
 are models, and characterize all the elements of a first-class 
 
370 APPENDIX. 
 
 Recording Secretary. The printed page is not more easily 
 searched than are his written Hnes. 
 
 Treasurers Five persons have held the office of 
 
 of the Board. Treasurer since 1849 • 
 
 Symonds Ryder 1849 — 1860 
 
 Zeb Rudolph i860— 1868 
 
 Richard Hank 1868— 1876 
 
 Burke A. Hinsdale 1876— 1883 
 
 George H. Colton 1883 — 1901 
 
 In personal honesty, in financial capacity, in all the 
 sterling qualities of men their record is unchallenged and un- 
 stained. 
 
 The personnel of the Board of Trus- 
 
 Members of the tees is represented by the following 
 
 Board of Trustees, names, the year of election, and in most 
 
 cases the year when their service ended: 
 
 Carnot Mason Hiram 1850 — '55 
 
 Samuel Church Pittsburgh, Pa 1850 — '51 
 
 George Pow New Albany 1850 — '51 
 
 Kimball Porter Wooster 1850 — '51 
 
 J. H. Jones Wooster 1850 — '53 
 
 Frederick Williams Ravenna ... , 1850 — '6^ 
 
 Isaac Errett Warren 1850 — '58 
 
 J. A. Ford Burton 1850— '58 
 
 Symonds Ryder Hiram 1850 — '60 
 
 Aaron Davis Bazetta 1850 — '69 
 
 Wm. Hayden Chagrin Falls 1850 — '63 
 
 A. L. Soule Russell 1851— '55 
 
 George King Chardon 1851 — '59 
 
 Wm. Richards Hiram 1851 — '61 
 
 Alvah Udall Hiram 1853— '87 
 
 Alvah Humeston Hiram 1855 — '61 
 
 Dr. M. Jewett Mogadore 1855 — '59 
 
 Harmon Austin Warren 1858 — '94 
 
 W. J. Ford Hiram 1856— '01 
 
 Thomas Carroll Munson 1859 — '62 
 
 A. S. Hayden Euclid 1859— '68 
 
 Hartwell Ryder Hiram i860 — '79 
 
 J. P. Robison Bedford 1861— '86 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 371 
 
 R. M. Bishop Cincinnati 1863 — '65 
 
 D. W. Canfield Chardon 1863— '71 
 
 A. B. Way Alliance 1863— '66 
 
 J. A. Garfield Hiram 1864— '82 
 
 C. B. Lockwood Cleveland 1865 — '01 
 
 J. H. Rhodes Cleveland 1866 — '90 
 
 A. Teachout Cleveland 1869 — '01 
 
 Thomas W. Phillips New Castle, Pa 1868— '01 
 
 B. F. Waters Pliram 1869 — '90 
 
 John F. Whitney Freedom 1869 — '75 
 
 W. S. Streator East Cleveland 1871 — '86 
 
 Freeman Udall St. Louis, Mo 1771 — 'yy 
 
 F. M. Andrews Titusville, Pa 1872— '76 
 
 H. L. Morgan Newburgh 1872 — '97 
 
 Thomas N. Easton Hinckley 1872 — '73 
 
 J. L. Parmly Painesville 1872 — '01 
 
 R. M. Hank Hiram 1872— '80 
 
 J. J; Ryder Hiram 1872 — '92 
 
 A. J. Squire Hiram 1872 — '80 
 
 Albert Williams Akron 1872 — '75 
 
 Geo. A. Baker Cleveland 1872 — '84 
 
 Lathrop Cooley Cleveland 1872 — '01 
 
 A. J. Marvin Qeveland 1872 — '99 
 
 Wm. Bowler Cleveland 1873 — '94 
 
 W. P. Hudson Cleveland 1875 — '90 
 
 C E. Henry Cleveland 1876— •qi 
 
 C. W. Hemry Solon 1876— '85 
 
 Cyrus Ryder Hiram 1877 — '84 
 
 H. C. White Cleveland 1878— '85 
 
 O. G. Kent Cleveland 1879 — '01 
 
 R. Stanhope Hiram 1879 — '82 
 
 Andrew Squire Cleveland 1880 — '01 
 
 B. A. Hinsdale Hiram 1880 — '92 
 
 A. A. House North Bristol 1882 — '00 
 
 Lucretia R. Garfield Mentor 1882— '97 
 
 C. H. Ryder Hiram .1883— '85 
 
 W. U. Masters Cleveland 1883— '86 
 
 O. C. Atwater Hiram 1884— '89 
 
 E. B. Wakefield Warren 1884—^92 
 
 Charles Fillius Warren 1885— '01 
 
37' 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 John F. Rodifer Bellaire l886--'89 
 
 I. A. Thayer New Castle, Pa 1886— '89 
 
 D. H. Beaman Hiram 1887 — '90 
 
 Albert Allen Akron 1873 — '89 
 
 F. M. Green Kent 1889— '01 
 
 Alanson Wilcox Cleveland 1890 — '01 
 
 Frank A. Derthick Mantua 1892 — '01 
 
 F. Treudley Youngstown 1892 — '01 
 
 O. G. Kent Cleveland 1892 — '01 
 
 B. L. Pennington Cleveland 1892 — '99 
 
 V. A. Taylor Bedford 1892 — '93 
 
 Sutton E. Young Rapid City, S. D. . . 1893 — '98 
 
 William G. Dietz Cleveland 1893 — '01 
 
 H. R. Cooley Cleveland 1894 — '01 
 
 Robert Miller Tiffin 1894— '01 
 
 W. B. Hinsdale Ann Arbor 1895 — '01 
 
 H. E. McMillin Cleveland 1895— '01 
 
 Henry C. Christy Cleveland 1896 — '01 
 
 Charles Babcock Cleveland 1897 — '98 
 
 W. J. White Cleveland 1898— '99 
 
 Frederick A. Henry Cleveland 1899 — '01 
 
 Frank C. Robbins Niles 1889— '01 
 
 Warren S. Hayden Cleveland 1900 — '01 
 
 The total number of different persons elected to the 
 Board of Trustees is 86. The first date in the table repre- 
 sents the year in which the member was elected, the second 
 date represents the period to which the member has served. 
 Of those who are members of the present 
 
 * •'■ °^ ' Board Mr. W. J. Ford was first elected in 
 
 1856, succeeding his father, John Augustus Ford, who was 
 a charter member of the Institution. Mr. Ford's service, 
 however, has not been continuous, though he has served 
 from the time of his first election to the present 35 years. 
 
 Mr. C. B. Lockwood was elected in 1865 and has served 
 continuously to the present time. He has been longer in ser- 
 vice than any other of the 86 Trustees. For more than 
 thirty years as Chairman of the Finance Committee of the 
 Board, he has had the oversight of all the 
 C. K. Lockwood. ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ College ; and very largely to 
 
 his business foresight and devotion to the interests of the 
 
APPENDIX. 373 
 
 College ''v;ithout money and without price," is the College 
 indebted for its present substantial financial basis. No mem- 
 ber has ever served more faithfully or intelligently and no 
 member is worthier of the sincere regard of the friends of 
 Hiram College than is Charles Brown Lockwood. 
 
 He was born in Mexico, Oswego County, New York, in 
 1829. In 1832 he came to Ohio, his father settling at Solon. 
 Here and at Bedford Academy he was educated. In 1850 
 ^, ^ J he went to California. Returning in 1854 
 
 he entered a law school at Poughkeepsie, 
 New York, where he graduated and was admitted to the 
 New York bar in 1856. In 1857 he engaged in business at 
 Solon. In 1864 and again in 1866 he was elected from Cuy- 
 ahoga County to the House of Representatives in the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of the State of Ohio. In 1877 he commenced 
 business in Cleveland ; and since the organization of the 
 Lockwood-Taylor Hardware Company he has been its Pres- 
 ident. For five years he was a member of the Board of 
 Trustees of the State Asylum for the Insane at Newburgh ; 
 and for twelve years he has been Chairman of the Tax Com- 
 mission of the city of Cleveland. In 1899 he was elected 
 President of the Board of Trustees of Hiram College, a 
 position he now holds. 
 
 Thomas W. Phillips first became a member of the Board 
 of Trustees in 1868 and is a member of the Board of 1900. 
 Besides giving freely of his time to the interests of the Col- 
 T w Ph'ir ^^^^ ^^ established what is known as the 
 
 ips. ''Phillips Loan Fund" in 1891 which has 
 grown through his aid and the contributions of others from 
 $5,000 to $12,504.45 in 1900. 
 
 J. L. Parmly has served the College from 1872 to 1901. 
 He not only has contributed of his time and ability to the 
 . influence of the Board but he is also a 
 
 •'■ ' ^^ ^' large contributor to the permanent endow- 
 ment of the College. 
 
 Abram Teachout has served on the Board since 1869 
 
 and his interest in the College is still unabated. The Teach- 
 
 . ^ , out Observatory and Library Building 
 
 erected in honor of the Semi-Centennial 
 
 Jubilee of the College will stand, so long as it endures as 
 
374 APPENDIX. 
 
 the material monument of his faith in the future possibilities 
 of the College for which he has given generously of time 
 and money for almost a third of a century. 
 
 Lathrop Cooley began his service as Trustee in 1872 
 and with a slight intermission has served ever since. Be- 
 j^ , _. , sides other contributions from time to time 
 
 ^' his gift of a telescope to crown the Teach- 
 out Observatory will reflect his name from every star that 
 shines over Hiram Hill. 
 
 Among the honorary members of the Board of 1900 the 
 name of William Bowler is written large. He was elected 
 a Trustee in 1873, and from that time onward until his ac- 
 ^ g J tive work ceased on account of failing 
 
 health no form was more frequently seen 
 in Hiram and no face more gladly welcomed than his. His 
 devotion to the College had no limitations save those of op- 
 portunity and ability. 
 
 He was born March 25, 1822, in Carlisle, New York. 
 When only a boy he came to Ohio, where on the Western 
 Reserve his early education was received. Since 185 1 he 
 has resided in Cleveland, where he has lived an active public 
 life. In one of the crises through which the College has 
 passed he came to the front and with almost limitless pa- 
 tience and faith he continued until success was assured. 
 
 Other members of the Board of 1900 deserve mention 
 
 for what they have done in bringing the College up to the 
 
 present high standard financially and otherwise: Wm. G. 
 
 Dietz, the present Chairman of the Fi- 
 
 Other Members nance Committee, a most worthy successor 
 
 of the to C. B. Lockwood; O. G. Kent, in an 
 
 Board of 1900. emergency always ready with person and 
 
 money to help; Robert Miller, quiet but 
 
 faithful ; Charles E. Henry, whose wide acquaintance with 
 
 countries and people has been of great value to the College ; 
 
 H. E. McMillin, whose business sagacity, and generosity 
 
 have never failed to be found in the right place; and Fred 
 
 Treudley who more than any other member represents the 
 
 schools of the State. 
 
 Of those who have died and remembered Hiram in the 
 distribution of their estates Albert Allen stands among the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 375 
 
 first. He was elected to the Board in 1873, the year the 
 Albert Allen number of the Trustees was doubled, and 
 remained a member until his death in 1888. 
 Fearless in the discharge of every duty as he saw it, and 
 faithful in every business obligation, he was a model for the 
 business world. 
 
 He was born in Coventry, near Akron, O., March 12, 
 1827. His parents, Levi Allen and Phoebe Spicer Allen/ 
 were of the sturdy pioneer stock of Ohio. He was raised on 
 a farm and attended such schools as were accessible in that 
 day. He was a very capable business man and ranked high 
 among business men. He became a Christian early in life 
 and was always a generous and liberal giver to church and 
 educational enterprises. For many years he was one of the 
 strong members of the High Street Church in Akron and its 
 most liberal supporter. He gave ten thousand dollars to the 
 endowment fund of Hiram College and for years the trio 
 who had contributed ten thousand dollars or more to Hiram 
 included the names of Albert Allen, Flora C. Randall, and 
 Robert Kerr — their gifts aggregating $52,000. He died 
 September 25, 1888. 
 
 Thomas N. Easton, who was elected a member of the 
 
 Board in 1872. He was a friend to higher education and 
 
 ^, T^T t;« X became a special friend of Hiram College 
 
 Thomas N. Easton. , ,, , cso x -i. j i. 
 
 and added $8,000 to its endowment. 
 
 By occupations the Board of Trustees for 1900 consists 
 
 of 13 business men, 4 preachers, 3 lawyers, i farmer, 2 phy- 
 
 . sicians, and i teacher. Of these 11 be- 
 
 ccupa ions. long to the Alumni of the College and 
 
 hold its degrees. 
 
 Its honorary members in 1900 were Wm. Bowler, B. A. 
 Hinsdale, W. S. Streator, B. L. Pennington and A. J. Mar- 
 vin. 
 
 June 10, 1868, W. J. Ford, Financial Agent for the 
 Eclectic Institute and Hiram College was asked by the Board 
 of Trustees to submit a summarized statement of his collec- 
 tions, disbursements and services for the 
 A Statement of period between 1859 and 1868 inclusive. 
 Account As this is the only report of like character 
 
 by W. J. Ford. on record the conclusions are here given 
 as a matter of interest: Cash collected. 
 
37^ APPENDIX. 
 
 $16,228.15; pledges for stock and Endowment Fund, %yy,- 
 180; out of this was paid $4,978.64 on Boarding House debt, 
 and to teachers ; for two courses of lectures to preachers, 
 $4,421.47, leaving on hand September 22, 1868, stock 
 $1,000; in the hands of Finance Committee, $2,000; for the 
 Biblical Department, $5,155; for a Professorship in Biblical 
 Department, $17,125; for endowment to College on tne 
 scholarship plan, $1,400; to be used for repairs, $1,500; in 
 bonds and contracts for Endowment Fund, $51,000; $452.86 
 on salary of Principal and for catalogues; and for the ser- 
 vices of the Agent, $4,375.18, making a total of $93,408.15. 
 
 The cost of soliciting the entire amount was less than 
 six per cent., and the per cent, for cash actually received 
 nearly twenty-one. In his canvass during the time from 1859 
 to April 23, 1868, Mr. Ford worked 944^^ days, and the 
 total amount of railroad fare, carriage hire and hotel ex- 
 penses was $1,290.82. 
 
 Mr. Ford began his work as Financial Agent with the 
 Church of Christ at Huntsburgh in Trumbull County, and 
 closed with the church in Stow, Summit County. In writ- 
 ing of his first plea for Hiram Mr. Ford says : "When the 
 subscribing was done a little girl came down the aisle with 
 tears shining on her cheeks, and took the paper to the back 
 part of the house, and doubled the amount. This act I took 
 as the Lord's promise to me that we should go forward and 
 not fail." 
 
 Of those who greatly assisted Mr. Ford at the begin- 
 ning of his canvass was Benjamin F. Waters who is yet liv- 
 
 „ ^ ,„ ^ ing: in a serene old aee near Hiram. Mr. 
 
 B. F. Waters. ^^rp, , *^ r • ^ 4. xj- 
 
 Waters always was a warm friend to Hi- 
 ram and as Trustee, liberal giver and canvasser for funds, 
 and in continued friendship he is worthy of long remem- 
 brance. 
 
 May 7, 1850, at the first meeting of the Board of Trus- 
 tees after the granting of the Charter, Isaac Errett and A. 
 S. Hay den were directed to prepare a cir- 
 First Circular cular for publication "to give general in- 
 W. ?.^E!l[Tstkute. formation relative to the objects and plan 
 * of the school and the state of progress." 
 
WILLIAM BOWLER. 
 
APPENDIX. 377 
 
 As this is the first Hterature issued by the authority of 
 the Board of Trustees it is of interest: 
 
 WESTERN RESERVE ECLECTIC INSTITUTE. 
 
 Dear Brethren: — We affectionately solicit your atten- 
 tion to a statement of facts, touching an enterprise verj^ dear 
 to our hearts — the contemplated school at Hiram — The 
 Western Reserve Eclectic Institute. 
 
 It is generally known, that at a meeting of Delegates 
 from thirty-one Churches on the Western Reserve, held in 
 Aurora, Nov. 1849, ^t was agreed to establish an Institution 
 of learning, such as might meet, in the character and scope 
 of its instructions, and especially, its moral and religious 
 instructions, the wants of the brotherhood ; and that such 
 Institution should be located at Hiram, Portage County, 
 Ohio. At another meeting of Delegates in Hiram, Dec. 
 1849, the preparatory steps were taken towards the estab- 
 lishment of such an Institution. A Board of Trustees was 
 appointed, composed of the following brethren : George Pow, 
 Samuel Church, Aaron Davis, Isaac Errett, Carnot Mason, 
 Zeb Rudolph, Symonds Rider, J. A. Ford, Kimball Porter, 
 Wm. Hayden, Frederick Williams and A. S. Hayden; a 
 Charter drafted and approved, and forwarded to the Legis- 
 lature — a Charter making special provision for instruction in 
 the Holy Scripture, as an essential part of the course of Ed- 
 ucation in the Institution. Subsequently, the Charter passed 
 the Legislature; stock in shares of $25 each, having been 
 taken to the amount of $5,000, the Board of Trustees ener- 
 getically pushed forward the enterprise through its incipient 
 stages. A Farm of fifty-six acres has been purchased at the 
 centre of Hiram, embracing one of the most beautiful sites 
 for buildings anywhere to be found, and containing ample 
 grounds for lots to be occupied by those wishing to enjoy 
 the benefits of the Institution, which the Trustees can sell 
 at reasonable rates. A Building Committee appointed by 
 the Trustees, have let out contracts for the stone, brick and 
 woodwork of the School Edifice — an Edifice intended to be 
 substantial, tasteful, and sufficiently large to accommodate 
 one hundred and fifty students. The foundations of the 
 building are actually laid, the work is rapidly progressing. 
 
37S APPENDIX. 
 
 and the building will be ready for use by next Fall. A Com- 
 mittee has also been appointed to secure the services of 
 Teachers, that the first Term may commence by the first of 
 October next. 
 
 Thus you will see, dear brethren, that the Board of 
 Trustees are disposed to act with energy in the work com- 
 mitted to their trust. But to carry forward their work to 
 completion, will require greatly increased liberality on the 
 part of the brethren. Below is an estimate of the cost of 
 farm, buildings, etc. 
 
 Farm .$1,800.00 
 
 Building 7,500.00 
 
 Furnishing 1,000.00 
 
 Total $10,300.00 
 
 To meet this, we have subscriptions to the amount 
 
 of $5,000.00 
 
 Leaving a deficit of 5,300.00 
 
 We have been cheered by assurances that the Churches 
 generally, were favorable to the enterprise, and would cer- 
 tainly sustain it. The time has come, when this must be 
 done, or the consequences must be disastrous to the enter- 
 prise. 
 
 We make an affectionate and earnest appeal to our 
 , brethren in behalf of this Institution, just struggling into 
 'life. We need such a school. The highest religious consid- 
 ;erations demand that we go on with it. We cannot fail in it 
 , without dishonor. We cannot succeed in it without the 
 I most desirable results flowing to our children and children's 
 children. "Why should the work cease?" Will you be ready 
 dear brethren, when a solicitor calls, to aid as largely as 
 possible? Or will you, without a solicitor, forward your 
 donations or subscriptions, and by timely aid in a most right- 
 eous and benevolent work, do honor to your Christian pro- 
 fession, and ''lay up in store a good foundation against the 
 time to come." By order of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 CARNOT MASON, President of the Board. 
 L. W. TRASK. Secretary. 
 
 May 13, 1850, the Board of Trustees resolved "That 
 
APPENDIX. 379 
 
 Aaron Davis be empowered to solicit funds, and to spend 
 
 as much time as shall be in his power, in Trumbull county, 
 
 ^ . Ohio. The following autograph declara- 
 
 4^ ,. . tion of his authority is in the handwriting 
 
 of Dr. Lyman W. Trask, Secretary, and 
 
 Carnot Mason, President : 
 
 The Trustees of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, 
 hereby authorize Aaron Davis to act as a solicitor to obtain 
 funds and subscriptions for the establishment of said Insti- 
 tute. By order of the Board of Trustees, 
 
 CARNOT MASON, President. 
 LYMAN W. TRASK, Secretary. 
 
 Hiram, May 13, 1850. 
 
 The first subscription paper circulated for funds for the 
 school was prepared shortly after the meeting in Aurora in 
 November, 1849. The heading reads as follows : "We, the 
 The First undersigned, do hereby subscribe the sev- 
 
 Subscription eral sums annexed to our names, to the 
 Paper. capital stock of the Western Reserve Ec- 
 
 lectic Institute to be established in the township of Hiram, 
 Portage County, Ohio, upon the following conditions: 
 Twenty-five dollars to constitute one share and the right to 
 one vote; one hundred dollars the right to four votes; two 
 hundred dollars six votes ; three hundred dollars seven votes ; 
 four hundred dollars or more eight votes. Said sums pay- 
 able to the Treasurer of said Institute in quarterly payments. 
 First payment due on the first of September, 1850." 
 
 The first signatures are from the Church in Bazetta: 
 Aaron Davis, $100 ; Daniel Faunce, $50 ; Moses Bacon, $25 ; 
 J. Y. McKinney, $25; Otis R. Coburn, 
 Bazetta. ^^^ . Robert S. Faunce, $25 ; Eldad Bar- 
 
 ton, $10 ; and Edwin Wakefield, $25 — a total of $285. 
 
 The Lordstown Church was represented by Moses Has- 
 
 kel, Abraham Leach, Peleg Lewis, Peter Wilson, Irvin P. 
 
 Gordon, Peter Snyder, I. Tait, B. Tait, 
 
 Lordstown. Robert Tait, and Orman Dean to the 
 
 amount of $36.50. 
 
38o 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hartford, 
 
 Chamoion. 
 
 The Church at Rowland was represent- 
 ed by Simeon Drake, Aaron Drake, Ja- 
 Howland. cob Grove, Joseph Williams, Rhoda Lo- 
 
 gan and John Buckingham, Sarah Drake, 
 Phoebe Drake, to the amount of $86.50. 
 The Hartford Church was represented 
 by Rufus Chapman and Milo Dugan to 
 the amount of $50. 
 
 The Champion Church was represented 
 
 by Thomas Packard and Samuel McCol- 
 
 lum to the amount of $6. 
 
 The Church at Newton Falls was represented by David 
 
 Robbins, Jacob Hawn, William Cook, Edward T. Caldwell, 
 
 Joseph M. Brockett, George Earl, Cyrus 
 
 Newton Falls. -p^yi^j.^ g^^ah C. Cole, Mary M. Caldwell, 
 
 and Almon Cook, to the amount of $64. 
 Milton Rice of Southington contributed 
 
 $10.50; Thomas Hazeltine for the Church 
 Southington. ^^ Sharon, Pa., $50; Isaac Arkwright, 
 
 Niles, $25 ; and Isaac Errett, Bloomfield, 
 
 $25. The old document is badly worn, 
 Sharon, Pa. but these interesting facts are gleaned 
 
 from it. This paper is the one carried by 
 
 Aaron Davis. 
 
 Abraham 
 Teachout. 
 
 Abraham Teachout is one of the best friends Pliram 
 College ever had. He has been a trustee nearly ever since 
 the Institution became a College in 1867, commencing his 
 service in 1869. He was born in Ontario County, New York 
 August 17, 1817. The family is of Dutch 
 ancestry. Its earliest representatives came 
 to America in the i6th century and set- 
 tled in the Mohawk Valley, and from them all the people in 
 the country bearing the name have descended. In religion 
 the family were Baptists. In politics his father was a 
 Whig. 
 
 In 1837 his father's family moved to Ohio and settled 
 at North Royalton. Soon after he was of age Abraham 
 went into Cleveland to seek employment, and finally ac- 
 cepted the position of bowsman on a canal boat, rising soon 
 
APPENDIX. 281 
 
 to the position of steersman, then captain, and at last be- 
 came the owner of a boat. He also secured a situation in 
 the first elevator erected in Cleveland. Later he became a 
 partner with Robert Brayton and built a steam sawmill at 
 Royalton, whch was put in operation November 10, 1845. 
 
 He then embarked in mercantile trade at Madison in 
 Lake County. In 1857 he purchased the mill privilege at 
 Painesville. In 1862 he turned his attention to agricultural 
 pursuits which he followed for several years. 
 
 In 1869 he engaged in the lumber trade and the sale of 
 doors, sash and blinds at Chattanooga, Tennessee. This laid 
 the foundation of his present business in Cleveland, which 
 he began in 1873. In company with his son, Albert R. 
 Teachout, he has continued to the present with great suc- 
 cess. 
 
 He was married February 2.2, 1842, to Julia Ann Tous- 
 ley. His second marriage was to Mrs. Laura E. Hathaway, 
 in 1881. His third marriage was to Mrs. Mary B. Hamilton 
 in 1896. 
 
 A. B. Green, one of his favorite preachers, performed 
 the ceremony at both the first and second marriage. W. N. 
 Arnold at the third. 
 
 He was converted to Christianity by the preaching of 
 Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott, A. B. Green, William 
 Hayden, and A. S. Hayden. He was baptized in Royalton 
 in June, 185 1, by Wiliam Hayden, and united with the 
 Church of Christ in that place. In 1873 he removed his 
 membership to the Franklin Circle Church in Cleveland, and 
 soon was elected to its eldership, a position he still retains. 
 
 He has always taken an active interest in educational 
 affairs. He was a member of the Board of Education in 
 Madison for four years, and in Painesville for nine years. 
 
 He has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Hi- 
 ram College since 1859, and President of the Board for six 
 years. He was chairman of the Building Committee in the 
 erection of the new college buildings, and superintended the 
 construction of Miller Hall. More recently he has erected 
 the Library and Observatory building at his own expense. 
 This building so long as it endures will stand as a monu- 
 ment to his love for Hiram, and his generosity to the College 
 
382 APPENDIX. 
 
 in every hour of its necessity. Lathrop Cooley, his life-long 
 friend, will furnish the Observatory vi^ith a first-class tele- 
 scope, and the two names will be indissolubly linked together 
 as long as the stars shine over Hiram Hill. 
 
 Mr. Teachout is a man of great business capacity, ster- 
 ling integrity, an abiding friend, a Christian without stain, 
 and held in the highest esteem by all who know him ; and his 
 name will not perish as long as Hiram and its ever increas- 
 ing influence continue on the earth. 
 
 But few of the details of College administration are 
 ever known to the public, and yet every well-organized fac- 
 ulty has its secretary and keeps a record term by term and 
 day by day of its transactions. Incidents, transactions, and 
 
 ^ , -I,, .. results can be found in the records of 
 
 Faculty Meetings. ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^jj ^ ^^^^^^ ^.^j^ ^^^^^_ 
 
 tic interest from cover to cover. For instance the following 
 is the record for January 14, 1857; and signed by J. A. Gar- 
 field, secretary: Teachers met. President Hayden in the 
 chair. On motion of J. A. Garfield it was unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. and be required 
 
 to perform some rhetorical exercise before the school prior 
 to next Monday morning on pain of expulsion. Also it was 
 
 unanimously Resolved, That Miss and Mr. 
 
 be requested to take their places in Miss Booth's grammar 
 class, on pain of expulsion. 
 
 At another meeting in the same month "some irregu- 
 larities were reported ; that Messrs. and 
 
 had been found in the room of the Misses at 2 
 
 o'clock at night. It was known that they had been very ir- 
 regular in their school duties during the whole term, and 
 after a full investigation of the case it was unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That Messrs. and be dismissed 
 
 from the school for the remainder of the term. 
 
 At still another meeting in the same month "the propri- 
 ety of having budgets read before public lyceums was dis- 
 cussed, and finally it was unanimously Resolved, That no 
 budget should be read unless it had been seen and approved 
 by some one or more of the teachers." 
 
 May 20, 1857, the teachers received word from the 
 
APPENDIX. 283 
 
 Board of Trustees that Mr. A. S. Hayden had resigned as 
 Principal, and asking them to take charge of the school 
 which they agreed to do, "if satisfactory arrangements can 
 be made." A week later the following articles of agreement 
 were settled upon : The Board of Education agree upon their 
 part to conduct the school, furnish the wood and chalk, pro- 
 vide for cleaning the seminary, ringing the bell, making the 
 fires, and pay for printing rules and term reports. The Board 
 of Trustees agree on their part to pay to the Board of Edu- 
 cation the entire receipts of the tuition, to publish the annual 
 catalogue, to furnish chemicals, and make all necessary re- 
 pairs of the buildings, and pay for advertising. 
 
 May 30, 1857, Mr. Garfield was chosen chairman of the 
 Board of Education and J. H. Rhodes, secretary. At this 
 meeting the relative wages of teachers was fixed : Mr. Gar- 
 field and Mr. Dunshee were to receive $600 each ; Mr. Ever- 
 est and Mr. Rhodes $480 each ; and Miss Booth $400. At 
 other meetings following, Mr. Garfield and Miss Booth were 
 "endowed with excusing powers and in their absence any 
 teacher may exercise this power ;" it was agreed to have "a 
 religious meeting every Thursday night for one hour to con- 
 sist of a short discourse and social exercises ;" that "the cost 
 of the winter's wood should be paid for from the winter's 
 receipts;" and "the game of chess discouraged among the 
 students." 
 
 One of the most noticeable features of the annual reports 
 of President Zollars to the Board of Trustees is the empha- 
 sis which he places on the enlargement and strengthening 
 of the Courses of Study. When he came to Hiram in 1888 
 there were three distinctly marked 
 _ . o ^ Courses leading to degrees, viz. : Class- 
 
 Courses of Stud j i^^i^ Philosophical, and Scientific. Pro- 
 in Hiram College, ^jsjons, however, had been partially made 
 for a Biblical or Ministerial Course but 
 this movement was not strong. During the first year the 
 great effort was to strengthen this course. During the sec- 
 ond year besides these four courses, all of them strong, other 
 courses were maintained: A Normal Course, a Commercial 
 Course, a two-years' English Ministerial Course, and a 
 
384 APPENDIX. 
 
 four-years' Ministerial Course. In 1891 two four-years' 
 Courses, one purely literary and one ministerial in character 
 were arranged with a view to meet the wants of many stu- 
 dents who came to Hiram well advanced in years but with 
 little more education than that afforded by private study or 
 the common country schools. In amount of work these 
 courses are about two years shorter than the long course. 
 These courses have been quite popular and yet have not had 
 the tendency feared by some of weakening the longer 
 courses. It was found by experience that only in rare cases 
 did a student change from the long course to the short one, 
 but cases were quite frequent where students changed from 
 the short course to the long one. In recent years the changes 
 in the curricula of studies leading to graduation and college 
 degrees have been many. The policy of granting elective 
 studies has grown in favor, both with college authorities and 
 with students. This is true of the oldest institutions in the 
 Nation as well as of those of later origin. President Zollars 
 and his Faculty have been in entire harmony in regard to 
 these various changes. The result has been that the Prepar- 
 atory Department has been increased in length one year, 
 making three years of preparatory work instead of two as 
 before. The added studies in the Preparatory Department 
 and to the College courses require seventy one term studies 
 for graduation in the long couises as against fifty- four one 
 term studies before 1888. 
 
 At present there are twelve clearly defined courses, lead- 
 ing to degrees, viz. : Four Classical, four Scientific, and four 
 Literary of equal length. Besides these the special courses, 
 Oratory, Music, Commercial, Teachers, English Ministerial 
 and three post graduate courses of a year resident work for 
 which no degrees are granted. Nearly twice as many studies 
 are now taught in the College as were taught at the begin- 
 ning of this administration, and the Faculty has been doubled 
 in numbers and increased in efficiency. In the variety and 
 strength of the work offered Hiram College holds a high 
 rank among the colleges of the State and Nation. 
 
 Historically the Master's degree is the first of the de- 
 grees in the liberal arts. In the earlier days of Oxford Uni- 
 versity in the twelfth century and Cambridge in the thir- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 385 
 
 teenth century "a degree was a license to 
 College Degrees, teach. It carried with it the jus docendi. 
 
 Master, Doctor and Professor were at 
 first interchangeable words designating one who had re- 
 ceived a license. The Bachelor was a student and apprentice. 
 He could teach under the direction of a Master but not in- 
 dependently. Still he had taken a step (gradum) towards 
 the mastership or doctorate and so may be said to have 
 obtained a degree, or been graduated." In Universities like 
 Oxford and Cambridge in England, and in Italy and France, 
 the teachers who constituted the faculty of each of these 
 universities were granted by the pope or the monarch the 
 privilege of teaching, and this developed into the right to 
 grant licenses to teach, or confer degrees. 
 
 The first meeting of the stockholders of the Western 
 Reserve Eclectic Institute was quite largely attended and 
 its essential action most carefully recorded. The following 
 is the record : At a meeting of the stockholders of the West- 
 n^u ^. . ,.>r .. ^^" Reserve Eclectic Institute, held in 
 The Fn-st^Meeting Hiram, November 24, 1851, pursuant to 
 Stockholders. previous notice, Alvah Udall was appoint- 
 ed President and Lyman W. Trask, Sec- 
 retary. It appearing that the sum of seven thousand dollars 
 has been raised, therefore Resolved, That we proceed to the 
 election of a new Board of Trustees, according to the pro- 
 visions of the charter. Whereupon Isaac Errett and Sy- 
 monds Ryder were appointed tellers, and the stockholders 
 present proceeded to vote by ballot for the new Board of 
 Trustees. After the ballot the tellers reported ''that the fol- 
 lowing is the result of the election for Trustees of the West- 
 ern Reserve Eclectic Institute, held on this day November 
 24, 185 1, viz. : For three years, Carnot Mason,* Symonds Ry- 
 der, Isaac Errett, William Hayden, 59 votes. For two years 
 Zeb Rudolph,Frederick Williams, Aaron Davis, J. H. Jones, 
 59 votes, except J. H. Jones, who received 57 votes. For 
 one year, J. A. Ford, William Richards, George King, A. L. 
 
 *Carnot Mason received onlj 58 votes, manifestly not voting for 
 himself. 
 
386 APPENDIX. 
 
 Soule, 59 votes. Whole number of votes, 59. Signed Isaac 
 Errett and Symonds Ryder, Tellers. Resolved), That the 
 tellers' report be adopted, and that Carnot Mason, Symonds 
 Ryder, Isaac Errett, William Hayden, Zeb Rudolph, Freder- 
 ick Williams, Aaron Davis, J. H. Jones, J. A. Ford, William 
 Richards, George King, and A. L. Soule are elected Trustees 
 of the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute for the term men- 
 tioned in that report. Whereupon the meeting adjourned. 
 Lyman W. Trask, Secretary. 
 
 At the laying of the corner stone of the extension to the 
 old college building June 17, 1886, the following articles 
 were placed in it : Swiss and American coins of recent date ; 
 Proceedings of the Reunion of 1880 and the Centennial His- 
 tory of the College by B. A. Hinsdale; 
 A t'cles Histories of the Literary Societies; Pro- 
 
 Piaced in the grams of recent Commencements and 
 Corner-stone. Catalogues of the College for 1883-4-5-6 ; 
 Report of Ohio Meteorological Bureau ; 
 one copy each of the "Saturday Item," Garrettsville Journal, 
 Beaman's Bugle, Democratic Press, Cleveland Leader, 
 Cleveland Plain Dealer, Hiram College Student, Cleveland 
 Herald containing President Hinsdale's Baccalaureate of 
 1880, New York Tribune, Christian Standard, Chagrin Falls 
 Exponent, the Detroit Plain dealer, Republican-Democrat, 
 the Epitome ; Harper's Weekly ; a glass plate having a brief 
 history of the building etched upon it; an M. T. badge; a 
 copy of "The Disciple;" a picture of the new building; a 
 piece of Colonial money ; Penny Press ; a Greek newspaper ; 
 a photograph of James A. Garfield ; and a copy of the Holy 
 Bible. 
 
 Of the student body of the Eclectic In- 
 Eminent stitute from 1850 to 1867 who have risen 
 Representatives ^'^ eminence since in law, business, the gos- 
 of the P^^ ministry, statesmanship, military life. 
 Eclectic Period. ^^^ above all in noble manhood and wo- 
 manhood, the following names are among 
 the most noticeable and representative: 
 
APPENDIX. 3S7 
 
 LucRETiA Rudolph Garfield, one of 
 1850. the "first ladies of the land," and a woman 
 
 of exalted character; William B. Hazen, 
 2g52 scholar and brave soldier; Henry Clay 
 
 White, upright judge and distinguished 
 citizen ; Orris C. Atwater, and John M. Atwater, preachers 
 and educators of wide distinction; John Encell, preacher 
 and legislator; James A. Garfield, facile princeps 
 as man, citizen, statesman, President; Corydon E. 
 Fuller, author, editor, and business man; 
 1852. the Haydens, W. L. and many others, 
 
 preachers and authors ; Henry O. New- 
 comb, preacher, professor and lawyer ; A. E. Rood, business 
 man; J. Carroll Stark, preacher; Simon Perkins Wolcott, 
 Q lawyer and legislator; Chauncey F. Black, 
 
 lawyer and Go verno r of Pennsylvania; 
 William Dowling, preacher ; Henry M, James, educator ; Jo- 
 seph King, preacher of wide experience; Leonard South- 
 mayd, preacher ; Jennie Gardner Encell Mary Turner Hins- 
 ^Qt4 dale; Hiram S. Chamberlain, business; 
 
 William H. Clapp, military ; L. L. Camp- 
 bell, teacher; C. P. Evans, preacher; Chas. C. Foote, 
 preacher; Robert Moffett, distinguished preacher and mis- 
 sionary secretary ; A. H. Pettibone, member of Congress ; 
 Joseph Rudolph, farmer and business ; Freeman E. Udall, 
 business ; Wealthy A. L. Hayden ; Perlea Moore Derthick ; 
 ^ggg Charles P. Bowler, soldier; Harrison S. 
 
 Glazier, preacher; John B. McCleery, chap- 
 lain in regular army ; Herman L. Morgan, business ; Edwin 
 H. Rogers, preacher; L. D. Woodworth, lawyer and mem- 
 1856 ^^^ ^^ Congress ; Rufus E. Belding, phy- 
 
 sician ; H. D. Carlton, preacher ; E. A. 
 Ford, railroad; Roldon Hinsdale, farmer and legislator; 
 Frank H. Mason, U. S. Consul; Wallace Coburn, soldier; 
 jgg,^ Richard S. Groves, preacher; Hiram H. 
 
 Mack, teacher and legislator; Rufus H. 
 Moss, preacher ; Marion F. Pratt, business ; Hiram Woods, 
 1858. preacher; Mary L. Root, teacher; Amzi 
 
 Atwater, preacher and teacher; Clark 
 
388 APPENDIX. 
 
 Braden, preacher and controversialist; W. O. Beebe, busi- 
 -g.,Q ness; W. H. H. Flick, lawyer and judge; 
 
 O. C. Hill, teacher and author; C. C. 
 Smith, preacher and missionary secretary; F. A. Williams, 
 I860 soldier ; Henry N. Allen, preacher ; Myron 
 
 S. Clark, physician; P. H. Dudley, busi- 
 ness ; Jasper S. Ross, preacher ; Grove E. Barber, educator ; 
 ^gg^ C. W. Clark, lawyer and judge ; J. L. Dar- 
 
 sie, preacher; O. A. Richards, preacher; 
 A. A. Amidon, lawyer; E. S. Hart, preacher; E. L. Lemert, 
 1862 business; J. M. Monroe, preacher; An- 
 
 drew Squire, lawyer; E. S. Woodworth, 
 farmer and legislator; Sutton E. Young, lawyer and legis- 
 lator; E. A. Bosworth, preacher; W. H. Rogers, preacher; 
 ^ggo J- C. Cannon, preacher ; Howard A. 
 
 Treudley, business; Morgan P. Hayden, 
 preacher; B. H. Hayden, preacher; Wilbert B. Hinsdale, 
 1864 physician ; O. C. Hubbell, teacher ; Virgil 
 
 P. Kline, lawyer; Webster O. Moore, 
 preacher and writer ; D. L. Rockwell, lawyer ; E. B. Wake- 
 field, preacher and educator ; B. S. Dean, preacher and edu- 
 cator; W. H. Crafts, business man and 
 1865. legislator ; J. P. Teeple, business ; A. J. 
 
 --^^ Laughlin, preacher; O. Q. Oviatt, preach- 
 
 er; S. M. Cook, physician; Fred Treud- 
 1867. ^^y^ educator; J. M. Van Horn, preacher; 
 
 and Frank L. Gilson, lawyer and judge. 
 
 F. M. Green was born in Norton, Summit County, Ohio, 
 September 28, 1836. 
 
 His father. Philander Green, for 57 years in the min- 
 istry, died April 18,1900. His uncle, Almon B. Green, one 
 of the founders of Hiram College, a 
 Chrmi'olt^^^^of P^'eacher for 55 years, died March 31, 
 SS^LifJ. ^ 1886. From childhood to manhood his 
 main field of labor was the farm. Until 
 1853 his school life was in the district schools, and Granger 
 Academy, in Summit and Medina Counties. 
 
 November, 1853, he entered the Western Reserve Ec- 
 lectic Institute at Hiram, O., as a student and remained with 
 some irregularity until i860. 
 
APPENDIX. 389 
 
 From 1855 to 1863 he taught In the district schools of 
 Summit and Medina counties and in the Academies at Gran- 
 ger, O., and Lordstown, O. 
 
 March 11, 1862, he was married to Ellen E. Stow, who 
 was a student in Hiram in 185 1. 
 
 In 1863 he entered the Gospel ministry among the Dis- 
 ciples of Christ and in which service he still continues. 
 
 September 9, 1852, he was baptized by Dr. Warren A. 
 Belding, one of the founders of Hiram College. 
 
 During his long ministry he has been pastor and preach- 
 er for churches in Cleveland, Toledo, Akron, Wilmington, 
 and Kent, in Ohio, and Duluth in Minnesota. 
 
 From 1867 to 1870 he was County School Examiner 
 for Mahoning County, Ohio. 
 
 From 1870 to 1878, State and National Sunday-School 
 Secretary for the Disciples of Christ. 
 
 From 1878 to 1882, Corresponding Secretary of the 
 American Christian Missionary Society. 
 
 From 1863 to 1865, Chaplain of the Northern Ohio 
 •Hospital for the Insane. 
 
 From 1867 to 1874, Associate Editor and regular cor- 
 respondent of the "American Christian Review," edited by 
 Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 From 1876 to 1887, Associate Editor of the "Teacher's 
 Mentor," and "Bible School," published by the Standard 
 Publishing Company. 
 
 From 1866 to 1888, regular correspondent for the 
 ''Christian Standard," Isaac Errett, editor, and in 1882 As- 
 sociate Editor. 
 
 From 1863 to 1901, for 25 years of that time Corre- 
 sponding Secretary of the Ministerial Association of the 
 Disciples of Christ in Eastern Ohio. 
 
 As author, he issued "The Standard Manual," for Sun- 
 day-school workers, in 1878; "A Royal Life," a story of 
 Garfield, in 1882; "Christian Ministers' Manual," in 1883; 
 "Christian Missions and Historical Sketches," in 1884; 
 "Life and Times of John F. Rowe," in 1898; "History of 
 Hiram College," 1901. 
 
 Since he entered the ministry in 1863 he has delivered 
 of sermons and other addresses 7,203. 
 
390 APPENDIX. 
 
 Of academic degrees he has received from Hiram Col- 
 lege, A. M.; Bethany College, M. L. ; Drake University, 
 LL. D. 
 
 From 1889 to 1901, Trustee of Hiram College. 
 
 In 1886 and 1887, member of the General Assembly of 
 the State of Ohio. 
 
 In 1896, first vice-president of Ohio State Conference 
 of Charities and Correction. 
 
 In 1901, preacher for church in Stow, O. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Atwater in a unique way has given the rela- 
 tive position of those places which are most prominently 
 connected with Garfield's life in Ohio. He borrowed the 
 method from Victor Hugo, who in his famous account of 
 the battle of Waterloo, describes the field 
 The Capital A and of the battle with its roads as shaped like 
 G^^^^^^^^Ohio ^j^g ^.^pi^^i Ig^^^j. j^ pjig description of 
 
 that battlefield is perhaps the clearest and 
 best ever given. Mr. Atwater says : On the map of Ohio, 
 from Cleveland east and southeast, let the reader imagine 
 a gigantic capital A — the top of the letter at Hiram, the right 
 foot at Cleveland, and the left at Mentor. The base of the 
 letter is thus on the south shore of Lake Erie, and the letter 
 itself points to the southeast. The cross-bar starts a little 
 north of Solon station on the Erie railroad and runs north- 
 east to Chester and a little beyond. The right bar of the A 
 is a little more, and the left bar a little less than thirty 
 miles long. From foot to foot of the letter is a little more 
 than twenty miles, and the length of the cross-bar about 
 twelve. On this letter A can be arranged and k'ept clear in 
 the mind all of Garfield's home life, except that which was 
 spent in Washington. Along the line of the cross-bar are 
 all the scenes of his childhood, and most of those of his 
 youth and early manhood. A little north of the point where 
 the cross-bar joins the right side of the letter is the spot 
 where he was born, the home of his boyhood, in Orange, 3^ 
 miles north of Solon. From this point down the right side 
 of the A to the foot at Cleveland, he went at sixteen to be a 
 sailor on the lake, or, as it turned out to be, a driver on the 
 canal. Along the cross-bar ten miles to the northeast he 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 391 
 
 went to Chester, his first schooling away from home. Two 
 miles south of his home, at the junction of the cross-bar 
 with the right side of the letter, is the Ledge, where at 
 eighteen he taught his first school. Close by is Bentleyville, 
 where he attended meeting, and the little stream in which, 
 March 4, 1850, he was baptized. Hiram, at the top of the 
 A, is the school where he prepared for college, and took 
 half his college course, and where he afterwards did his 
 grand work of teaching. Mentor, at the left foot, was his 
 later home, the Mecca for the throngs of pilgrims in his 
 Presidential campaign, and is the permanent home of his 
 family. Cleveland, at the right foot, was the place of his 
 funeral, and is the place of his tomb and of the Garfield 
 monument. All along the right bar of the letter are the 
 churches to which he preached most frequently, and in sev- 
 eral cases regularly, Hiram, Mantua, Aurora, Solon, Bed- 
 ford, Newburgh, and Cleveland. 
 
 Mr. James G. Coleman, of Chagrin Falls, who repre- 
 sented the church at Munson at the meeting in Aurora 
 November 7, 1849, which gave the final decision where the 
 school should be located, and who presided over that meet- 
 ing when the decisive vote was taken, 
 A Reminiscence says : "There were 31 churches repre- 
 by J. G. Coleman, sented by 3 1 delegates; that the weather 
 was pleasant and he went to the meeting 
 on horseback ; that Dr. J. P. Robison presided until the vote 
 rejecting Bedford was taken, when he withdrew and J. G. 
 Coleman presided ; that the feeling ran very high, and fool- 
 ish things were said, but we worked on and succeeded by 
 4 o'clock p. m. and then adjourned to meet in Hiram ; that 
 the meeting was held in the Disciple church at Aurora; 
 and that if Hiram was ready at any time to give up the 
 fight for the location, he did not know it." Mr. Coleman 
 also says : "My wife and I lived in Hiram and attended the 
 Bible lectures in 1866 and 1867; and now, in my 8ist year, 
 much weaker in mind and body than I was then, I love to 
 think of the good and faithful ones with whom I lived and 
 labored for Hiram." 
 
392 APPENDIX. 
 
 Hiram — First Term. 
 
 Reaching Hiram about dark the evening before school 
 was to open, I found a boarding place at Charles Ray- 
 mond's, a mile south of the Center. Four of us were to 
 occupy one room. Two of the boys. New Yorkers, were 
 already on hand. A fourth came later. 
 Reminiscence With a table, stove, four chairs, two beds 
 by O. C. Atwater. and four boys, the room might be called 
 full. To any one who ever sat at the 
 Raymond table it need not be said that we fared well. For 
 room, board, fuel and lights we paid "ten shillings" ("York 
 shillings") — (all such prices were reckoned in shillings in 
 those days) — a, dollar and twenty-five cents a week. Those 
 who had washing done — no laundries in small places then — 
 paid "sixpence," six and a fourth cents more. 
 
 The next morning I went up early to see the building. 
 Found "Uncle Zeb" hurrying to finish putting down chairs 
 and desks. As he had an extra screw driver, I was soon 
 hard at work. The last ones were in place before the hour 
 of assembling — perhaps lo o'clock. 
 
 The opening exercises were held in "the meeting house" 
 (church was not commonly used by our people on the Re- 
 serve then), — this was not the brick church burned a few 
 years since, but a frame building which occupied the same 
 site and was burned some forty years ago. The stand, a 
 high, small stand at the north end of the house between the 
 front doors, was occupied by four persons — A. S. Hayden, 
 the Principal, (commonly called Sutton Hayden) ; Symonds 
 Ryder, the patriarch of Hiram; Amzi Atwater (better 
 known to all old Portage County residents as "Judge At- 
 water"), and a fourth person, perhaps William Hayden, 
 possibly Isaac Errett. Do not recall the exercises. 
 
 The grounds were an old cornfield, partly surrounded 
 by a rail fence and with the hills left from the last crop not 
 even smoothed down, and without a tree, save a few old 
 apple trees in the northeast corner. It may be that the 
 outer row of trees along the center road that was and the 
 other streets that were to be, had been planted, but if so, 
 they were quite insignificant. There was not a single dwell- 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 393 
 
 ing around the campus on any side. The only building 
 nearer than "the meeting house" was the Methodist church, 
 on the site now occupied by the Y. M. C. A. building. "The 
 district school" was kept in "the stone jug," a low, square, 
 stone building just east of "the meeting house." There 
 Avere four or five houses to the west of the corner and near 
 at hand ; and one house to the east, the Edwards house, so 
 well known to generations of Hiram students as the Reno 
 place, one to the south, two to the north, and four or 
 five to the west within half a mile. These last are in addi- 
 tion to the few already mentioned as near the Center cor- 
 ners. 
 
 A few students found quarters in the basement of the 
 building. Bro. Hay den (he was only occasionally called 
 Principal, very rarely indeed PresicDent Hayden), with his 
 family, and possibly a boarder or two, occupied the south 
 wing of the basement, some three rooms. The remainder of 
 the students, besides those in the basement and in the few 
 houses near "the Center," had to be stowed away as best 
 they could be in farmhouses for a mile or more round 
 about. Favorite boarding places were the Packer place to 
 the north; George and "Squire" Udall's, to the east, and 
 Charles Raymond's, a mile south. Zeb Rudolph, "Uncle 
 Zeb," as he was affectionately called by everybody, lived in 
 the first house west of "the meeting house sheds," the house 
 so long occupied afterwards by Deacon Young. His house 
 and Pelatiah Allen's ("Pati Allen's") were crowded to 
 overflowing. 
 
 The only store in the place was kept by N. C. Meeker, 
 afterwards Horticultural Editor of The New York Tribune, 
 and later murdered by the Indians while serving the U. S. 
 Government as Indian Agent. His store was kept in the 
 
 little black (or brown) house west of Young's, 
 
 since the home of Mrs. Deihl. There the ambitious youth 
 could invest in slates and slate pencils, sticks of candy, 
 foolscap, matches, stearine candles, japanned candlesticks, 
 and the indispensable snuffers. The days of camphene had 
 not yet come. And as for coal oil and electric lights, they 
 were still further away in the unknown future. 
 
 The post office was kept by Young in the 
 
394 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 kitchen of his old farmhouse. This house occupied the 
 corner where Clinton Young's house now stands. The mail 
 came after dark on those winter nights and was often late. 
 Waiting in the long, dimly-lighted kitchen (one candle does 
 not make a very brilliant illumination) was trying to the 
 students and to Mrs. Young as well. 
 
 Ravenna, fourteen miles away, was the nearest railroad 
 point. But to most of the students this was a very small 
 matter, as indeed such inconveniences were to most people 
 west of the Alleghenies. The only railroads in that part of 
 Ohio were the original Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad and 
 the Lake Shore Railroad. Men were toiling across the 
 plains and over the Rockies to California, the land of gold, 
 on foot and with ox teams. Years were yet to pass before 
 the famous ''Pony Express," harbinger of our great western 
 railroad lines, should win its amazing triumphs. 
 
 The school opened in November with three teachers — 
 A. S. Hayden, principal; Thomas Munnell, assistant, and 
 Mrs. Phoebe M. Drake, teacher of the primary department. 
 The primary occupied the south wing below. Nearly all the 
 other students sat in the chapel all day, passing into the 
 north wing as recitations demanded. Only a few had rooms 
 near enough to study in during recitation hours. The 
 chapel was the large room below. It was fur- 
 nished with common wood-bottomed chairs and three- 
 legged, cherry desks; a very good pattern for those 
 times. Both desks and chairs were firmly screwed 
 to the floor by the aid of small iron plates. Modern school 
 furniture had not yet been invented. The ladies had the 
 south side of the room, the gentlemen the north. The whole 
 upper story of the building was unfinished lumber rooms. 
 
 The school was a rather large ''Select School," with a 
 primary department attached. Its patronage was more ex- 
 tended than "Select Schools" commonly enjoyed — New 
 York furnishing several pupils and Canada at least one. 
 Few were planning for college. Am not certain that there 
 was even one looking to such a course. The only class I 
 can distinctly recall was a class in geometry with four mem- 
 bers — Benjamin J, Hershey, John W. Horner, William B. 
 'Hazen, and Orris Clapp Atwater. It was a rather even 
 
APPENDIX. 395 
 
 class, so far as that study was concerned. No advance 
 echoes of the guns of Fort McAHster foretold Hazen's dis- 
 tinction. 
 
 There were no literary societies. Probably most of the 
 students had never heard of such things. Indeed there were 
 no societies of any kind. There was some literary 
 work and there were ''public exercises" at the close of the 
 term, but no literary enthusiasm. Literary interest had its 
 real beginning early in the second year under the lead of 
 Corydon E. Fuller, Garfield, and others. I put Fuller first 
 for probably the original impulse was due to him. Garfield 
 was only twenty, while Fuller was apparently much older 
 and more experienced. 
 
 The behavior of the students was exceptionally good. 
 Do not recall a single case of discipline or of public reproof. 
 
 Small as our company was and unnoticed by the busy 
 world, it contained one future major-general of the coming 
 Civil War, and the prospective wife of another, who was 
 also to be "Mistress of the White House" and ''First Lady 
 of the Land." But there were no halos around their heads 
 and nothing disturbed our perfect democratic equality. 
 
 „ . . For forty-six years Alanson Wilcox 
 
 by Alanson Wilcox ^^^ been familiar with Hiram and is an 
 honorable part of its history. The fol- 
 lowing are among the many of his bright reminiscences : 
 
 I first came to Hiram in June, 1855, the day after 
 
 Commencement. Living in Medina county, thirty-five miles 
 
 west of Hiram, I had been misinformed 
 
 ^tTuiiTm^ as to the date of that great day. I drove 
 
 the distance in a carriage and arranged to 
 
 attend the Institution the next year. There were giants in 
 
 those days. Symonds Ryder was Bishop of the church and 
 
 usually conducted the services. Perhaps the previous winter 
 
 Isaac Errett held a meeting of days. Mr. 
 
 oi^t Meedng. ^Y^^^ was anxious to have his son, 
 
 Symonds, Jr., come into the church. The 
 
 meeting had continued two weeks, with several additions in 
 
 the first few days, but the last week no responses came to 
 
 the gospel invitation. They decided to close the meeting. 
 
.r. 
 
 390 APPENDIX. 
 
 Mr. Errett preached a sermon ending with an apostrophe 
 to God, teUing Him what he had done for the salvation of 
 the people, and threw the responsibility on to the sinner to 
 decide the mighty question of life or death. In the old 
 meeting-house at Hiram was a double platform — one ele- 
 vated for the preacher and a lov/er one for the elders. Mr. 
 Errett, not expecting any to come forward for confession, 
 did not leave the pulpit; Mr. Ryder was on the lower plat- 
 form. The congregation rose to sing and, lo 1 many persons 
 came from all parts of the house to confess their sins and 
 the Christ. Some climbed over the seats in their anxiety to 
 reach the platform. The singers were choked with emotion 
 and could not sing, and there was vv^eeping for joy in all 
 parts of the house. Among those who responded to the 
 gospel invitation was Symonds Ryder, Jr. In the excite- 
 ment Bishop Ryder turned to Mr. Errett and, drawing both 
 hands down over his face, his eyes streaming with tears, 
 cried out: "Brother Errett, there is too much excitement 
 here," and he was the most excited of them all. 
 
 I remember one time Mr. Ryder preached a sermon on 
 "Breaking Steers," and at another time on the "Holy Kiss," 
 and when Zeb Rudolph's boarders went 
 Bishop Ryder's home they continued the discussion, and 
 W. H. Prehm, from Illinois, suggested 
 that the immediate application of the subject would be pleas- 
 ant and stepped to one of Mr. Rudolph's daughters, and 
 they both vigorously responded in giving the "Holy Kiss." 
 
 The first time I saw James A. Garfield was in the as- 
 sembly room of the old meeting-house. He was visiting 
 Hiram from Williams College. He was 
 ^^ G* ^^id ^^ pointed out to me while the congregation 
 was standing and singing. Mr. Garfield 
 stood erect, his head leaning back and his face turned to 
 heaven, and with great emphasis he joined with the others 
 in singing — 
 
 "How firm a foundation, ye saints of the Lord, 
 Is laid for your faith in his excellent word." 
 
 Teacher Garfield was full of resources and did not 
 always confine the class to the text-book. He utilized the 
 
APPENDIX. 397 
 
 things that were occurring to Illustrate a 
 '^^arfi^d ^ subject or a lesson. One day when he 
 
 was hearing a class in Karnes' Elements 
 of Criticism, the stove-pipe came out of the chimney, and, 
 while the janitor was putting it back into place, Mr. Garfield 
 asked members of the class to express that act in various 
 phrases. One said ''put it in ;" others, "crowd it in," ''shove 
 it in," "place it in," "adjust the pipe in its place," "cram it 
 in," "drive it in," "place it back," and "cautiously proceed to 
 place the pipe in its original position." In this way he added 
 zest to the recitation and cultivated the discriminating pow- 
 ers and tastes of the members of the class. 
 
 Harvey W. Everest boarded at Zeb Rudolph's. His 
 lady-love was Miss Sarah Harrison, and she boarded at 
 C. L. P. Reno's. Being both student and teacher, he could 
 
 call on his sweetheart often. While his 
 What Happened visits were above criticism, when he re- 
 to H. W. Everest, turned to the Rudolph mansion he tried 
 
 not to disturb the household and guests ; 
 and would take off his shoes and ascend the stairs in stock- 
 ing feet, noiseless as a cat after a mouse, to his sleeping 
 apartment. The young American boarders had their funny 
 natures stirred by this stealthy midnight coming; and so 
 one night they got together all the tinware of the household 
 and fastened it together at the head of the stairs and so 
 connected it with a card, which was fastened to the door, 
 that when it was opened the whole kit of tinware would, 
 like an avalanche, tum^ble down stairs, making noise enough 
 to wake every sleeper in the house. And so, though the 
 course of true love ran smoothly, the way up stairs was 
 obstructed and the sparking hero was ushered to his apart- 
 ments with noise of many tin pans and amid the suppressed 
 laughter of the household. 
 
 Once upon a time I sang in the Glee Club, and in one 
 public entertainment I whistled the solo, "Listen to the 
 
 Mocking Bird." I went out preaching a 
 
 Mr. Wilcox as a £g^ times, and the first dollar I received 
 
 and^Preacher^ ^^^ preaching was from the Mantua 
 
 church, and with that I bought "The 
 Christian System." One day I had to write an essay, and 
 
39S APPENDIX. 
 
 going to my boarding house at Mr. Rudolph's, I found them 
 at the annual autumnal slaughter of swine, and I wrote a 
 poem on "Killing Pigs." 
 
 Being a member of the Delphic Society, they sent me 
 
 to Cleveland to select and purchase some kind of metal 
 
 badge for the officers and members. No 
 
 R^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ society knew what was wanted 
 
 for the emblem. I visited watchmakers 
 and hardware stores and finally decided to take the society 
 some silver stars and other ornaments used on horse bridles. 
 I was as proud of my purchase as was Bellerophon when 
 he carried the beautiful and ornamented bridle to catch the 
 flying horse Pegasus. Henry M. James was a committee 
 to take them back. 
 
 In those days the stream east of Hiram was larger than 
 
 it is now, and a dam had been placed in it half way between 
 
 the bridge and sugar camp. One Monda}/ 
 
 A Drowning ^^^ pfentlemen students were Sfoing bath- 
 Experience. . 9, . ,. &o 
 
 mg m the dam and there was an ambi- 
 tious strife to see who would get in first. Then came the 
 race and disrobing, and I was among the first to dive into 
 the water. With head under water I swam across the pond. 
 That was the only way I could swim. Then I dove, and 
 was swimming under water to the shore on the opposite 
 side, and, raising my head above the water, I found it deep 
 — over my head. I could not swim and down I went — 
 once — twice — three times, and the third time my feet touch- 
 ed bottom ; and while all the acts of my life were passing in 
 my mind, I thought if I could give a spring with my feet on 
 the bottom and rise up out of the water and call my com- 
 panions to help, I would be saved — and so I did. They 
 formed a line of hands and drew me to the shore and onto 
 the bank and rolled me over, and did the best they could to 
 relieve me of the extra dose of Adam's ale which I had 
 imbibed. I was several days in recovering from this calam- 
 ity; and I think the old lady was half right at least who told 
 her boy he must not go into the water till he had learned 
 to swim. 
 
 I well remember the picnics when the Hiram Sunday- 
 school turned out with one, two and four-horse rigs and 
 
APPENDIX. 399 
 
 went to Nelson Ledges and returned by 
 ^^^«?^ Garrettsville. I was selected as marshal. 
 
 Picnic. Holland Brown, father of Jessie Brown 
 
 Pounds, furnished me with a white, high- 
 headed, galloping saddle horse for the occasion. I was 
 dressed in light colored clothes and wore a red sash. The 
 horse was proud of himself and rider and galloped gaily up 
 and down the line of the procession. The next Sunday I 
 was to preach in Garrettsville, and some of the old dames 
 doubted whether such a gay rider could be an acceptable 
 Christian, and especially a preacher. But I lived through it. 
 
 One year there was a fad in the Insti- 
 
 tacr 11 A J ^i, tution on walkingf for health ; and a score 
 Walk Around the , r . i ^ hi j .1 
 
 Cemetery Square. ^^^ more oi students walked round the 
 
 Raymond, Norton, Cemetery Square be- 
 fore breakfast. Charles P. Bowler and I performed this 
 feat several times. 
 
 J. H. Rhodes had a large class In elocution and for deep 
 breathing and exploding the vowel sounds the line would 
 
 be formed on the campus and the whole 
 
 T. H. Rhodes' welkin would ring with a — a — A up to 
 
 Class in Elocution, ou — ou — OU. Some were reminded of 
 
 the story Mr. Garfield told about the boys 
 who were learning the Greek alphabet ; they rushed out of 
 the school room shouting, "Alpha-Beta-Gamma-Delta." An 
 old lady passing along was frightened and ran into a house, 
 declaring that the boys were going to kill her. When asked 
 what the boys did, she declared that they ran out of the 
 school house and after her, exclaiming : "After her," "beat 
 her," "catch her," "jam her," "kill her." Poor soul! She 
 mistook the alphabetic names for words of death. 
 
 The old water ram that forced the spring near "Inde- 
 pendence Hall" to the fountain on the campus has given 
 
 place to the complete system of water 
 Many Changes. works ; the tallow candle to the electric 
 
 light plant; the old "stone jug," where I 
 taught school, to the village school house; the old college 
 building to the new : the Methodist church house to the mag- 
 nificent Y. M. C. A. building; and Dr. Trask and Dr. Squire 
 for Dr. Page and Dr. Dyson. 
 
400 APPENDIX. 
 
 "I cannot sing the old songs, 
 I sung long years ago, 
 For heart and voice would fail me, 
 And foolish tears would flow; 
 For by-gone hours come o'er my heart 
 With each familiar strain. 
 
 "I cannot sing the old songs, 
 For visions come again 
 Of golden years departed. 
 And years of weary pain ; 
 Perhaps, my earthly fetters broken 
 And my spirit ever free. 
 My voice will know the old songs 
 For all eternity," 
 
 Eclectic Days. 
 
 Long ways back, but I was there, yes, in 1851. 
 When the erysipelas epidemic raged in February, 1852, 
 I went to Aurora for Lucy Baldwin, a young lady of whom 
 there is kindest memory, and drove Alan' 
 son Baldwin's span of gray horses 
 Reminiscences throug-h a drifting: snow storm, in bring- 
 oy W.J. rora. jj^^ j^^j. ^^ ^^^ bedside of Anna Hershey, 
 at Mrs. Drake's. Anna died. The re* 
 mains were taken north on a sleigh, to the Lake Shore rail- 
 road, thence to Williamsville, N. Y. The anxiety and dis- 
 tress at the time closed the school, but the chapel was quite 
 full when the closing hour came. The valedictory was set 
 over to me. Doubtless good as scores of such since, but 
 none knew the effort it cost. Greatness is from occasion 
 and surroundings, as well as brains. Of the students of that 
 year Garfield had been one, but was away teaching during 
 the winter. 
 
 The following memoir of Miss Anna C. Hershey, the 
 
 first student to die at Hiram, by her sister, Mrs. Franc H. 
 
 Rogers, of East Milton, Massachusetts, is 
 
 Anna C. Hershey. a touching tribute to the memory of one 
 
 of Hiram's earliest and noblest students: 
 
APPENDIX. 401 
 
 Anna C. Hershey and her sister Marie, of Williamsville, 
 New York, were students at Hiram in the fall of 185 1 and 
 the winter of 1852. They were daughters of the saintly 
 Benjamin Hershey, who, hearing the plea of the Disciples 
 from the lips of Porter Thomas, John Henry and others, 
 renounced Universalism and became an elder in the Chris- 
 tian church at Williamsville. After his death his widow, 
 Mrs. Esther Hershey, continued the training of her children 
 in the faith of their parents. Old established and well- 
 equipped denominational schools were close at hand ; but the 
 then new school at Hiram was preferred, because it was to 
 foster New Testament Christianity. Hiram was nearly two 
 hundred miles away, and could be reached only by steamboat 
 and stage. Anna was a very healthy girl, 21 years old, but 
 in February she took a severe cold, from which she could 
 not rally, and after a week of intense suffering, on Febru- 
 ary 12, 1852, her spirit took its flight. The next day they 
 started with the body in a sleigh to carry it back to her 
 widowed mother in Williamsville. Peter Hershey and Clark 
 Ransom, students from Erie county, also Miss Ada Becket, 
 of Canada, and Professor Norman Dunshee accompanied 
 the bereaved sister Marie on the sad journey. Thus ended 
 the career of one of Hiram's first and one of Hiram's bright- 
 est students — a young lady whose Christian character was~~ 
 no less marked than her mental endowment. ^^ 
 
 In the afternoon of Commencement 
 
 A Day, June 10, 1858, a colloquy formed a 
 
 Famous Dramatic part of the program. Its title was "Or- 
 
 Entertainment. sini's Conspiracy," and the personse col- 
 
 loquii were : 
 
 Louis Napoleon, - . . _ E. A. Ford 
 
 Pellissier, Grand Marshal, - • - - M. F. Pratt 
 
 BiLLAULT, Prime Minister, - - . . Amzi Atwater 
 
 Orsini, 1 o - - - - H. C. White 
 
 § - - - - - B. H. Bostwick 
 
 •S - - . . C. B. Harris 
 
 3 - - - - H. S. Chamberlain 
 
 o - - - O. N. Ferrj 
 
 ?■ - - - - - R. L. Chapman 
 
 Sir John Grenville, - - - - J, S. Dille 
 
 Baron Von Hamburg, - - - - C. A. Bennett 
 
 Count Villier, - • - - F. M. Green 
 
 Pierre, 
 
 RUDIO, 
 
 Dr. Pironti, 
 
 Montano, 
 
 Castello, 
 
402 APPENDIX. 
 
 1st Citizen, . . - _ . h. Woods 
 
 2d Citizen, . . _ , - Sutton Newcomb 
 
 Empress Eugenie - - - - Electa V. Beecher 
 
 Madame Orsini, . . . . Rachel Shannon 
 
 Theressa Montano, . _ - . Jennie Ferry 
 
 Felicia Orsini, . . - - . Hattie M. Drake 
 
 The exercises of the afternoon besides the colloquy con- 
 sisted of the following parts : 
 
 1 LATIN SALUTATORY, 
 
 T. H. Darrah, Ebettsburg-, Pa. 
 
 2 ORATION, ... - Constitutional Reform 
 
 Clark Braden, Bazetta. 
 
 3 ORATION, Mythology 
 
 H. D. Carlton, Shalersville. 
 
 4 ORATION . - - - - British India 
 
 W. H. Turner, Troy. 
 
 5 ORATION ..... The Crusades 
 
 C. P. Bowler, Auburn. 
 
 6 GERMAN DIALOGUE - - - (From Schiller.) 
 
 W, ScHMiCKLEY, Germany, E. B. Monroe, Mogadore. 
 
 7 ORATION The Inner Life 
 
 W. L. Hayden, Deer field. 
 
 8 ORATION ..... King Philip 
 
 P. C. Reed, Auburn. 
 
 9 ORATION - - - The Grammar of Nature 
 
 A. Wilcox, Hiram. 
 
 10 VALEDICTORY - - - The Great Awakening 
 
 O. C. Atwater, Mantua Station. 
 
 Of some of the characters in the play Mr. Ford has fur- 
 nished a brief description : 
 
 Frank M. Green 
 
 Frank M Gr n ^oVi know him. He was here early 
 
 as 1853, and in 1858 took part in a play 
 written by Miss Booth and Garfield, "The Conspiracy of 
 Count De Orsini," v/hich was brought on the stage in the 
 big tent Commencement Day afternoon. Frank played 
 against Hiram Chamberlain, and brandished his sword with 
 great skill, cutting right and left, until we thought him fit 
 to send to West Point ; but he turned to a better calling. He 
 grasped the "Sword of the Spirit," and became a famous 
 preacher, clear of mind and heart, "rightly dividing the 
 word of truth." In the missionary field, he swept the round 
 
APPENDIX. 403 
 
 of the States, and on from the sands of the South to Nova 
 Scotia. 
 
 You will excuse me for saying that, ten years later than 
 1858, he was in about the best real performance I know of. 
 With his wife attending, amid the June roses of Lubec in 
 old Maine, he said the ceremony at the wedding of Mary E. 
 Staples and W. J. Ford. It was one of his many feats of 
 this kind, but good and lasting. 
 
 When his home county of Summit wanted a popular 
 champion of the rights of the people, one who had convic- 
 tions and would stand squarely by them, front face against 
 the enemy and the trickery of politicians, they elected him, 
 and he did splendid service in the Ohio legislature. 
 
 Hiram S. Chamberlain 
 
 jj. g In the play, made a desperate sabre stroke, 
 
 Chamberlain. ^^^ sword sweeping the wind on Frank's 
 
 head, and the whizzing clip within an inch 
 
 of his nose, in such terrifying swiftness that the shining 
 
 blade flew from his hand and went crashing on the floor, 
 
 before the excited crowd, to whom he was in dead earnest. 
 
 During the Civil War he entered the Union army and 
 served with distinguished ability. After the war he remained 
 in the South, where he yet lives. His home is at Chatta- 
 nooga, Tennessee, and he is an honorable and honored citi- 
 zen of his adopted state. 
 
 "Hi, old High." The boys all liked him, and would 
 swing their hats and sing. He did not forget the Eclectic 
 School days, and the play of 42 years ago, when he made a 
 generous gift at the Jubilee of 1900. 
 
 Electa V. Beecher 
 
 Was the Empress Eugenie in that play. 
 Electa V. Beecher. She swept the stage in regal robes, and 
 
 was the one admired in the eyes of ambi- 
 tious youth, and envied by the girls. She married, and has 
 been since the queen supreme in the home of George Miller 
 in Freedom and Garrettsville, and has led on in the interests 
 of good society. 
 
404 APPENDIX. 
 
 George Miller and Mrs. Dr. Lee were students in 185 1. 
 George roomed first right hand door going into the base- 
 ment. 
 
 Elias a. Ford 
 
 El' A F d ^^^ Louis Napoleon, and had a military 
 hat of the 1812 time, with red plume and 
 white tipped feather. His part was played and kingdom 
 won. How quick, from this acting on the stage, to the real. 
 In the dread carnage of Stone River, his regiment. Forty- 
 first Ohio, fought on the pivot of battle, facing all points of 
 compass, the last day of December, 1862. He was last in 
 command of Company B. A minnie ball passed through his 
 right lung. Lying on a mattress in an army wagon, New 
 Year's day, in a fearful race of four miles over the pike, 
 from pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry, the blood jolted in clots 
 from his wound, upon the mattress. The furious driver 
 came to a blockade in the road, but sprang his horses in a 
 cut up the bank, rounding the Pike curve, in the rear of the 
 Fourth Michigan cavalry. The fire from their revolving 
 rifles, when the pursuing rebels came round the road bend, 
 dropped six men from their saddles. That jolting ride, and 
 onward to Nashville, saved E. A.'s life. In twenty days he 
 was writing from the hospital in regular correspondence to 
 the Cleveland Herald. Being made brevet captain and hon- 
 orably discharged, he went to railroading, and became one 
 of the first passenger agents in this country, and is in the 
 Pennsylvania service. His palace car has better style than 
 Napoleon's militia hat and red feather of 1858, but he is 
 plain E. A. F. all the same, and remembered the Eclectic in a 
 Jubilee gift. 
 
 Of those who took the prominent parts of the play all 
 are yet living. 
 
 Mary M. Buckingham's name ap- 
 
 Mary M. pears in the roll of students in the first 
 
 year of the Eclectic Institute. Of her 
 
 home and history the following are interesting particulars: 
 
 On the west side of the road, across the valley north 
 from Hiram Hill was an orchard in 185 1. It was on the 
 farm bought by John Buckingham, and in it the first regular 
 
APPENDIX. 405 
 
 commencement exercises were held. On that occasion Emily 
 Ford had on a red sash and marched the girls' column down 
 the hill road. The second regular commencement was in 
 the tree shade, at the northeast corner of the campus, and 
 Garfield was Ahazuerus, and Lucretia, Esther. Mary saw 
 all there was of these display days, and she knows as much 
 town history and Eclectic story of student freaks and solid 
 progress as any one now in this modern water fed and elec- 
 tric lighted town. 
 
 The closing century found her one of a quartette of 
 
 ladies, Miss Marcia Henry, Mrs. Churchill and Mrs. 
 
 W. J. Ford, in chapel on watch December 31st, 1900, and 
 all of them read historic notes to a delighted town multitude. 
 
 Mary graduated at Oberlin, went to Kansas and mar- 
 ried John L. Patterson, a good lawyer in Lawrence. She 
 taught in the University and at other points in the State. 
 Cheerful as a girl, she is lifting along her burdens in the 
 most hopeful and helpful way, and is again teaching, now 
 in the old Buckingham home at the foot of the hill. Of her 
 scholars, there are two real Japanese girls, who are being 
 educated for mission work, and she has pride in such bright 
 students. She is matron of the "Ladies' History and Cul- 
 ture Class" in Hiram, and with steady dignity presides over 
 and questions such a modern deliberative body, and consid- 
 ers it a high honor. 
 
 The career of Mormonism at Hiram was brief, but hot 
 while it lasted. Symonds Ryder, who for a short time gave 
 heed to its advocates and lived in the midst of the scenes he 
 describes, says: "In the winter of 183 1 Joseph Smith, with 
 Tjje others, had an appointment in the south 
 
 Mormon Episode school house in Hiram. Such was the 
 at Hiram. apparent piety, sincerity and humility 
 
 of the speakers, that many of the hearers were greatly af- 
 fected, and thought it impossible that such preachers should 
 lie in wait to deceive. During the next spring and summer 
 several converts were made, and their success seemed to 
 indicate an immediate triumph in Hiram. But when they 
 went to Missouri to lay the foundation of the splendid city 
 of Zion, and also of the temple, they left their papers be- 
 
406 APPENDIX. 
 
 hind. This gave their new converts an opportunity to be- 
 come acquainted with the internal arrangement of their 
 church, which revealed to them the horrid fact that a plot 
 was laid to take their property from them and place it under 
 control of Joseph Smith, the prophet. This was too much 
 for the Hiramites, and they left the Mormonites faster than 
 they had ever joined them, and by fall the Mormon church 
 in Hiram was a very lean concern. But some who had been 
 dupes of this deception, determined not to let it pass with 
 impunity; and, accordingly, a company was formed of citi- 
 zens from Shalersville, Garrettsville, and Hiram in March, 
 1832, and proceeded to headquarters in the darkness of the 
 night, and took Smith and Rigdon from their beds and 
 tarred and feathered them both, and let them go. This had 
 the desired effect, which was to get rid of them. They soon 
 left for Kirtland. All who continued with the Mormons, 
 and had any property, lost all ; among whom was John John- 
 son, one of our most worthy men; also, Esquire Snow, of 
 Mantua, who lost two or three thousand dollars." The let- 
 ter from which this extract is taken was written to A. S. 
 Hayden by Symonds Ryder, February i, 1868. 
 
 In 183 1 Mr. Ryder was informed that by special reve- 
 lation he had been appointed and commissioned an elder of 
 the Mormon church. "His commission came, and he found 
 his name misspelled. Was the Holy Spirit so fallible as to 
 fail even in orthography? Beginning with this challenge, 
 his strong, incisive mind and honest heart were brought to 
 the task of re-examining the ground on which he stood ;'^ 
 and soon the spell of enchantment was broken, and the de- 
 lusion was ended. 
 
 Somewhat more in detail, Hartwell Ryder, son of 
 Symonds Ryder, and now past his eigiitieth year, on the 
 night of December 31, 1900, at a public meeting in Hiram, 
 described the tarring and feathering of Rigdon and Smith : 
 **Large numbers met in the Hinckley brick-yard at night. 
 They organized, one party to go to Rigdon's house, and an- 
 other to the Johnson house. The move was to be secret. 
 Not a word was to be spoken. Rigdon was taken out, near 
 to an oak tree, now standing on the south side of the road, 
 and treated to a coat of tar and feathers. All that summer 
 
APPENDIX. 407 
 
 after, die boy Hartwell saw feathers on the ground. Where 
 the Stevens house now stands was the Johnson house, and 
 there the other party found Joe Smith in bed, in the west 
 room, above the cellar story. They put him out from this 
 loft, down into the hands of those outside. About the time 
 this was done, at Rigdon's a young woman in another room 
 had been wakened, and was striking a light to see what was 
 going on. Perceiving there would be a revelation of the 
 characters in this religious play, a tall man inside, imitating 
 the voice of Elder Symonds Ryder, commanded that they be 
 let out. The outsiders opened the door, and out they went, 
 before the light of discovery came. It is but just to say that 
 Ryder had nothing to do with this affair. Smith was taken 
 about twenty rods south, and received his coat of tar and 
 feathers. Thus ended the Mormon absurdity in Hiram in 
 183 1-2. Some twelve or fifteen went off into the wilds of 
 Missouri, and were, with the church, driven from there, and 
 lost their property. 
 
 Hiram students were not less patriotic in the great war 
 between the States, North and South, from 1861 to 1865, 
 than those of other Institutions in northern Ohio. Of those 
 who held high rank were Major General James A. Garfield 
 
 „ ... and Brieradier General William B. Hazen, 
 
 Hiram Soldiers 1 ^i r 1 •, i- ^ ^ 
 
 1861 1865 whom were among its earliest stu- 
 
 dents. The larger part of the Hiram sol- 
 diery, however, belonged to the two literary societies, the 
 Delphic and the Hesperian. The following is as nearly a 
 complete and accurate list as could be obtained : 
 
 I — David D. Bard, Capt. Co. I, 104th O. 
 
 Soldiers from the y^ j Mortally wounded in battle 
 
 Delphic Society. ^^ Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. 
 
 2—W. F. Bard, Co. F, 45th O. V. I. Died in prison at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., March 25, 1864. 
 3 — Clifton A. Bennett, Capt., ist Regt. U. S. colored troops. 
 4 — Charles H. Bill, Capt., Co. G, 2d O. V. cavalry. Mus- 
 tered out with regiment at close of the war. 
 S— Charles P. Bowler, Co. C, 7th Regt. O. V. I. Killed in 
 battle at Cedar Mountain, Va., Au^. 9, 1862. 
 
408 APPENDIX. 
 
 6 — Jesse L. Bowell, Co. D, 143d O. V. I. Mustered out 
 
 with regiment. Deceased. 
 7 — D. W. Buckingham, Co. F, 2d U. S. sharpshooters. 
 
 Wounded at Gettysburgh, Pa, July 3 ,1863. Died in 
 . service Nov. 26, 1863. 
 8 — L. L. Campbell, Lieut. Co. L, 2d O. V. I. Mustered 
 
 out with regiment at close of war. 
 9 — G. W. Carson, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Mustered out 
 
 with regiment at close of war. 
 10 — H, S. Chamberlain, Lieut. Co. B, 2d O. V. C. Capt. and 
 
 A. Q. M. 
 II — W. P. Chamberlain, Lieut. Co. A, 23d O. V. L Mus- 
 tered out with regiment. 
 12— W. H. Clapp, Lieut. Co. A, 42d O. V. L Lieut. Col. 
 
 2ist Ind. U. S. A. 
 I3_C. W. Clark, Co. A, 42d O. V. L Lieut. U. S. colored 
 
 troops. 
 14 — Wallace Coburn, Co. C, 7th O. V. I. Mortally wound- 
 ed at Winchester, Pa., March 23, 1862. 
 15 — P. M. Cowles, Co. A, 42d O. V. L Mustered out with 
 
 regiment at close. 
 16 — Frank A. Derthick, Co. C, 150th O. V. L Mustered 
 
 out with regiment. 
 17 — A. R. Dewey, Co. C, 150th O. V. L Mustered out with 
 
 regiment. 
 18— 0. E. Dewey, Co. E, 177th O. V. L Mustered out with 
 
 regiment at close. 
 19 — Hiram Durkee, Co. D, 23d O. V. L Killed in battle at 
 
 South Mountain, in Maryland, Sept. 14, 1862. 
 20— E. H. Eggleston, Capt. Co. M., Maj. 2d O. V. C. 
 
 Wounded at Hanover C. H. in Virginia, May 30, and 
 
 at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. 
 21—/. C. Ellis, Co. H., 150th O. V. L Mustered out with 
 
 regiment. 
 22— D. D. Evans, Co. E, 167th O. V. I. Mustered out with 
 
 regiment. 
 23 — Parmenas C. Faiince, Co. I, 6th O. V. C. Wounded at 
 
 battle of Wilderness, Va., May 7, 1864. Disabled. 
 24— £. A. Ford, Lieut. Co. B, 41st O. V. L Wounded at 
 
 Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Disabled. 
 
TELESCOPE PRESENTED BY LATHROP COOLEY. 
 
APPENDIX. 409 
 
 » 2S— Albert W. Green, Co. B, 42d O. V. I. Disabled. 
 26 — Thomas C. Hart, Co. C, 2d O. V. C. Disabled. 
 27 — S. Hart, Co. B, 105 O. V. I. Mustered out with regi- 
 ment at close. 
 28 — John R. Haven, Cotter's Independent Battery. Mortal- 
 ly wounded at Scarey Creek, Va., July 17, 1861. First 
 
 Portage county soldier killed in the war. 
 29 — Charles E. Henry, Adjt. 42d O. V. I. Wounded at 
 
 Vicksburgh, Miss., May 22, 1863. Mustered out 
 
 with regiment at close. 
 30 — E. E. Henry, Co. A, 23d O. V. I. Wounded at Antie- 
 
 tam, Sept. 17, 1862. Mustered out with regiment at 
 
 close. 
 31 — W. B. Higby, Co. H, 150th O. V. I. Mustered out with 
 
 regiment at close. Deceased. 
 32 — /. B. Johnson, Co. B, 41st O. V. I. Wounded at Stone 
 
 River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Disabled. 
 33 — H. W. Johnson, Capt. Co. B, and Major 41st O. V. I. 
 
 Mustered out with regiment at close. 
 34 — William M. Johnson, Co. D, 6th O. V. I. Wounded and 
 
 captured on Sheridan's raid in Va., May 9, 1864. 
 
 Disabled. Deceased. 
 35 — Charles O. Lamphear, Battery A, ist O. L. A. Served 
 
 during the entire war. Died March, 1866, of disease 
 
 contracted. 
 2^6 — E. L. Lemert, Co. A, 42d O. V. I. Wounded May 16, 
 
 1863, in battle of Champion Hills, Miss. Mustered 
 
 out with regiment at close. 
 37 — Jesse B. Luce, Co. C, 125th O. V. I. Wounded before 
 
 Atlanta, Ga., July 13, 1864. Disabled. Deceased. 
 38 — /. B. McCleery, Capt. and Chaplain in regular army. 
 39 — Henry C. Norville, Capt. Co. E, 23d Mich. V. I. Died 
 
 in service Oct. 2, 1862. 
 40 — T. C. Parsons, Co. A, 42d O. V. I. Mustered out with 
 
 regiment. 
 41 — Edzvard Patchin, Co. E, 105th O. V. I. Wounded at 
 
 Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Disabled. 
 42 — Stephen Patchin, Co. E, 105th O. V. I. Mustered out 
 
 with regiment at close. 
 
4IO APPENDIX. 
 
 43 — L. T. Patchin, Lieut. Co. I, 41st O. V. I. Mortally 
 
 wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. 
 44 — A. H. Pettibone, Maj. 20th Wis. Mustered out with 
 
 regiment at close. 
 45 — T. N. Pulsipher, Capt. 131st 111. Died in La. in service 
 
 during winter of '62-^6^. 
 46 — D. L. Rockwell, Lieut. 5th Regt. U. S. A. colored 
 
 troops. Deceased. 
 47 — /. S. Ross, Capt. Co. A, 42d O. V. L Mustered out 
 
 with regiment at close. 
 48 — /. H. Smith, Co. B, 6th U. S. C. Served three years. 
 
 Died Sept. 4, 1864, of disease contracted in service. 
 49 — Win, H. Smith, Lieut. 14th O. V. Battery. Died Aug. 
 
 2, 1863, of disease contracted in service. 
 50—//. H. Smith, Co. F, 171st O. V. L Mustered out with 
 
 regiment at close. 
 SI— Jeff T. Spink, Co. B, 2d O. V. C. Disabled. 
 52 — Aaron Tee pie, Co. A, 42d O. V. I. Mustered out with 
 
 regiment at close. 
 53—/. M. Van Horn, Co. B, 65th O. V. L Mustered out 
 
 with regiment at close. 
 S4—E. B. Wakefield, Co. G, 177th O. V. L Mustered out 
 
 with regiment at close. 
 55 — F. A. Williams, Maj. 42d O. V. L Died in service July 
 
 25, 1862. 
 S6—W. P. Williamson, Lieut. Co. G, 29th O. V. I. Killed 
 
 in battle at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. 
 
 Soldiers from the ^"^^ ^' ^^^^"^ ^^- ^' 4^^ ^^^t- O. V. 
 „ • s • t Killed at Port Gibson, 
 
 espenan ocie y. ^ — Eben R. Ayers, Capt. Co. A, 42d Regt. 
 
 N. G. V. L 
 3 — Baldzvin Bentley, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. 1. Died of 
 
 sickness. 
 4—E. L. Beech, Co. K, 150th Regt. O. V. L, N. G. 
 5 — Plimmon Bennett, Co. K, 150th Regt. O. V. I., N. G. 
 6—S. C. Bester, 177th O. V. L 
 7—S. B. Bird. 
 S—M. M. Brewster, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. L Died of 
 
 sickness. 
 
APPENDIX. 411 
 
 g—A. B. Brown, Co. B, 36th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 10— M. G, Clapp, Co. B, 23d Regt. O. V. I. Discharged. 
 
 II — M. S. Clark, Co. A, 41st Regt. O. V. I. Discharged. 
 - 12— A. B. Cook, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Killed near 
 yicksburg. 
 
 13 — A, C. Cowen, Co. A, 23d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 14— />F. W. Curtis, 149th Regt. O. V. L, N. G. 
 
 15 — H. M. Davidson, Battery A, ist O. V. L. A. 
 
 16 — E. K. Davidson, Battery A, ist O. V. L, A. Killed. 
 
 17— O. P. Ellenwood, Battery A, 14th O. L. V. V. 
 
 18 — A. C. Ellsworth. 
 
 ig—A. E. Evans, Co. H, 150th Regt. O. V. A. G. 
 
 20— L. A. Ferry, Co. B, 6th Regt. O. V. C. 
 .V 21 — D. C. Gardner, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Wounded. 
 
 22 — I. H. Hague. 
 , 23—5. G. Hank, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 , 24 — George Hayden, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Discharged, 
 
 SICK 
 
 25—0. C. Hill, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 26 — R. C. Huntoon, Adjt. U. S. Regt., colored. 
 
 27 — M. I. Harris, Co. — , 177th Regt. O. V. I. 
 . 28— //. B. Hart, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 29 — Seth James, 9th Batt. O. V. A. Died of sickness. 
 
 30_£. 6^. Hart, Co. H, 150th Regt. O. V. N. G. 
 
 31 — S. W. Latham. 
 
 32— F. H. Mason, Capt. Co. — , 12th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 33_H/. B. Mason, Co. G, 171st Regt. O. V. I., N. G. 
 
 34—^. C. Mason, Capt. Co. C, 105th Regt. O. V. I. Died. 
 , 35 — E. L. Mason, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Discharged. 
 
 36— F. B. Merwin, Co. — , 171st Regt. O. V. I., N. G. 
 
 2,y—W. D. Mills, Capt. 111. V. I. 
 
 38—^. W. Mills, Capt. loth Regt. O. V. I. 
 ^ 39— AT, N. Mcintosh, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 40 — H. L. Moore, Lieut. Col. 2d Regt. Kansas V. C. 
 
 41 — A. B. Monroe, Lieut. Co. H, 9th Regt. Iowa V. I. Dis- 
 charged. 
 ^ 42— W. H. H. Monroe, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 43_Q. A. Monroe, Battery A, ist Regt. O. L. A. V. V. 
 ^ 44 — j^ M. Monroe, Co. G. 42d Regt. O. V. I. Wounded. 
 
 45— i^. H. Moss, Co. I, 9th Regt. 111. V. I. 
 
412 APPENDIX. 
 
 46 — ^. P. Newcomh, Capt. Co. H, 53d U. S. I., colored. 
 
 47 — /. R. Newton, Co. B, 6th U. S. C, colored. 
 
 48— Z>. R. Northway, Maj. 6th O. V. C. 
 s 49 — H. B. Norton, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Discharged, 
 
 sick. 
 ' 50 — R. C. Norton, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. Discharged. 
 ' Si—G. K. Pardee, Capt. Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 ' 52—/. 0. Rudolph, Capt., A. Q. M. 
 
 53— C. O. Rockwell, 9th Battery, O. V. I. 
 
 54—/. K. Rudolph, Co. A, 23d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 55— C. B. Scott, 7th Regt. O. V. I. 
 w 56 — Joel M. Seymour, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 57— C. C. Smith, 2d Regt. O. V. C. 
 
 S^—Coe I. Stanford, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 59 — William Strong, 14th Batt. O. V. V. L. A. 
 
 60 — Lucian Turner, Co. 4th, 150th Regt. O. V. L, N. G. 
 
 61— P. F. Vaughan, Co. G, 42d Regt. O. V. L, N. G. 
 
 62— M. F. Webb, Battery, O. V. A. Died. 
 
 63— i^. M. Wilson, Co. — , i6th O. V. I. 
 » 64 — N. B. Wiggins, Co. G, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 65— C. B. Wiggins, Co. — , 177th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 66— L. P. Wright, 6th Regt. O. V. C. 
 
 67 — Rodolphus Rard, Co. I, 104th Regt. O. V. I. 
 * 68—5'. D. Ray, Co. A, 42d Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 69 — G. E. Barber, Co. I, 104th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 70 — Edward Allyn, Co. I, 33d Regt. I. V. V. I. 
 
 71— £. B. Snell, 9th Battery, O. V. A. 
 
 y2—J. P. Dawley, Co. C, nth Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 73 — E. C. Johnson, Battery K, ist O. V. L. A. 
 
 74— i^. 5'. Thomas, Capt., 88th Ind. V. I. 
 
 75 — 5'. /. Sanford. 
 
 76— E. Leavitt, Co. A, 2d O .V. C. 
 
 yy — F. L. Chapman, Co. D, 104th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 78 — Robt. Chapman, Co. I, 104th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 79—5'. A. Udall, Co. I, 104th Regt. O. V. I. 
 
 This is an honorable list of brave and efficient men. 
 
 Those who ranked as privates were among the bravest in 
 
 battle, and in fortitude in camp or on the march they were 
 
 soldiers of the best quality ; and those who held official place 
 
 from corporal to major general never made either their com- 
 
APPENDIX. 413 
 
 rades or their country blush for shame at their cowardice or 
 inefficiency. These do not represent all who went from the 
 ranks of Hiram students to the war, but only those who 
 were members of the two literary societies named. 
 
 Burke Aaron Hinsdale. 
 
 Supplementary to the sketch of Dr. B. A. Hinsdale by 
 the author, found in the body of this history, the following 
 estimates by those who were related to him as friend, stu- 
 dent, preacher, teacher, and educator will fittingly round out 
 the history of his progress for half a century. In many 
 ways he came to be a notable man ; and as his active career 
 closed with the semi-centennial year of Hiram College, the 
 views expressed concerning him as an educator by some of 
 the most famous educators of the age and of the world will 
 have a permanent value. From a very humble beginning 
 he rose to rank with the greatest in his chosen profession. 
 These judgments honor Hiram as much as they honor the 
 man, for at Hiram he began the building which grew to 
 such stately proportions. 
 
 From the standpoint of a faithful 
 C. B. Lockwood. friend, Mr. C. B. Lockwood gives this 
 view : 
 
 Dr. Burke A. Hinsdale was the only man I have known 
 who was grateful to be told of his faults. His whole life 
 was a definition of the words, uprightness and sincerity. 
 He had profound faith in the ultimate triumph of righteous- 
 ness. He was so careful of his facts that his statements 
 could be safely repeated in any company. He was, in the 
 highest degree, companionable with his friends, and his 
 friendship was a rich heritage. I am sure all his friends feel 
 that they are not quite the same as they would have been, 
 without him, and it will cause many heartaches among them 
 to adjust their lives to his absence. 
 
 You ask me to give you the strong points and weak 
 
 points of Hinsdale as a man and preacher. He had no weak 
 
 points of character. He stood ''four 
 
 • • enry. square to all the winds that blow." In 
 social life he was more like Dr. Johnson than he was like 
 
414 APPENDIX. 
 
 Chesterfield. He belonged to a class of thinkers in litera- 
 ture. He was blunt and honest. He had some traits of 
 character like Johnson, Milton, Carlyle, and Maccauley. 
 He would have used the same words that Maccauley did to 
 the queen when she said to him: "You are severe in your 
 history about my ancestors." Our old schoolmate would 
 have replied in the same spirit, "Your majesty means your 
 predecessors." 
 
 Hinsdale was a toiler and in his life work he kept 
 shield and armor bright. We have few workers in history 
 equal to our classmate of forty years ago. 
 
 Forty-three years is a long time, but not long enough to 
 
 dim my memory of the delightful days spent on Hiram Hill 
 
 with B. A. Hinsdale. We studied togeth- 
 
 rh^^^b^i ' ^^ ^^ ^^^ same classes, often roomed and 
 
 slept together, and for three years were 
 
 associated intimately and closely in all the relations of 
 
 student life. 
 
 Hinsdale had talent according to Garfield's definition; 
 that is, the ability to work; and he was a faithful, though 
 not an easy, worker. His mind, as a student, was by no 
 means alert and facile — rather slow and laborious. He saw 
 things, but not the first time. He was a hunter, but only 
 found big game; and yet, alwavs brought home plenty of 
 that. In his studies per se he neither excelled or fell in the 
 rear; but in getting the larger view upon any question — 
 whether social, political, historical, or what not — with all the 
 facts and side-lights bearing upon it, and the ability to co- 
 gently and forcibly express in the clearest manner the gist 
 and kernel of it all, he was facile princeps. 
 
 Hinsdale rarely joined in college sports, and was not 
 what might be called "hail fellow well met." Yet he was 
 neither priggish or puritanical — only inactive physically, 
 while mentally full of vitality and energy. Respected al- 
 ways, and held in highest esteem by both teachers and stu- 
 dents, it was inconceivable that he should do anything to 
 bring discredit on the college. 
 
 "Four-square to every wind that blew," Hinsdale was 
 one man every one knew, without telling, would be ever and 
 always for sound learning and sound morals ; and he hated a 
 sham, either in life or letters. 
 
APPENDIX. 415 
 
 Looking back for nearly half a centur}^, full of varied 
 and wide experiences, full of stupendous changes in the 
 current thought of the time, in science and art, in the na- 
 tional and individual point of view, in the accelerating move- 
 ment of all the moral and intellectual forces, the memory of 
 the quiet, restful life at Hiram, with Garfield, and Miss 
 Booth, and Hinsdale, and scores of others, many of whom 
 are on the other side, comes like a benediction. It may be 
 some of us are getting older. 
 
 To many of us he was teacher, preacher and friend. 
 
 He was a man of great faith in God. While there never 
 
 . _. ^ - was any word that savored of relisfious 
 Harris R. Cooley. . , . 1 • .1 .1 • v 1 
 
 cant, yet to him the unseen, the spiritual, 
 
 was real. I can almost see him now in the Hiram pulpit, 
 quoting with his peculiar emphasis the words spoken of 
 Moses : *'For he endured as seeing him who is invisible.'^ 
 In the Garfield memorial service held in Cleveland, when the 
 Nation was in deepest sorrow. President Hinsdale said, 
 concerning the death of his loved friend ; "It is a great test 
 of faith in God. He thought that an increasing purpose 
 runs through the ages, and comprehends the lives of men; 
 and I think so too. Still hitherto I have been able to do 
 little more than say, 'Lord, I believe ! Help thou mine un- 
 belief.' " Beneath these words is the spirit of real faith. 
 He had also an abiding love of truth; and because he was 
 always a truth seeker he was an inspiring teacher. His 
 mind and heart were ever open to light. He believed that 
 the truth would make men free. There was in him none of 
 the spirit of narrowness and bigotry. He was deep and 
 broad and tolerant. He had also a tender love for his fel- 
 low-man. As a teacher he respected and encouraged the 
 development of the individuality of each student. Often in 
 the class-room after the recitation of what the author taught, 
 he would say: "And what do you think about it?" The 
 students who came to him with doubts and questions were 
 not put aside by dogmatism and authority. He was always 
 ready to help them to seek after the reasons of things. 
 
 I esteem it as one of the most valuable experiences of 
 my college life, that in my Senior year I was much under 
 
41 6 APPENDIX. 
 
 B w k fi Id ^^' Hinsdale's instruction. He was espe- 
 cially good in such studies as History of 
 Civilization, but in any study the clear, strong, logical pro- 
 cess of his thought was education in itself. He was quick 
 to see the foibles of his friends. He was not given to flat- 
 tery, and if he spoke, he spoke what was in his mind. I have 
 heard him speak in criticism of Garfield more than in his 
 praise; and yet he loved and honored him above all other 
 men. Under all his dispraise — if you sometime felt it, was 
 as just and kind and true a heart as ever beat; and the world 
 is vastly poorer since it is stilled. 
 
 Prof. George H. Colton says: His really great work 
 at Hiram was done in the class-room. He taught every 
 
 „ TT ^ 1. subject in a strong- and masterful way. 
 
 George H. Colton. tt j i- 1.1. j ^ • j- ■ 
 
 ** He delighted to engage m discussions 
 
 with his classes, and he was skillful in so directing them as 
 to stimulate thought and to lead to broader and clearer 
 views. He was thoroughly honest and sincere in word and 
 act and he sought to beget these sterling qualities in his stu- 
 dents. He was seldom familiar or talkative with students ; 
 perhaps he was less so in those early years than of late. He 
 answered questions with decision and in few words. He 
 spoke bluntly what he thought ; possibly sometimes with 
 more of strength than grace. New students often thought 
 him cold and gruff, yet no one could be near him long vv^ho 
 did not learn that he had a most tender heart and could be a 
 very helpful friend. The farther students advanced in their 
 studies the more they admired and put faith in President 
 Hinsdale. The alumni who received their diplomas at his 
 hands will ever be thankful that, for a brief time, their lives 
 touched his and were enriched by that power that comes 
 from close contact with a strong and helpful soul. 
 
 The foregoing are all expressions of those who were 
 intimate with Dr. Hinsdale in the unstrained fellowship of 
 the Hiram student, class-room and church life. The trib- 
 utes that follow and estimates of character and ability, 
 mostly granted on request, are from those who hold high 
 positions among the educators of the country, and who were 
 intimately associated with him in educational work and 
 studies. Of necessity considerable abridgment must be 
 
APPENDIX. 417 
 
 made, but the essential parts of each communication are 
 given : William H, Maxwell, City Super- 
 
 ^^ixwel?' intendent of Schools, New York, in an 
 
 article in the Educational Review for 
 February, 1901, on ''Dr. Hinsdale's Contributions 
 to Educational Literature," says : By his written 
 works Dr. Hinsdale erected an enduring monument 
 to himself and conferred inestimable benefits on the 
 pupils and teachers of America. Perhaps the most 
 dominant note of his mind was sanity — saving common 
 sense. He was not a discoverer, he was not an inventor, 
 he was not a genius — unless, indeed, genius be limited to 
 'taking pains. The service he rendered by his writings was 
 the service of the critic. From the vast literature of the 
 , subject he selected what he conceived to be the best that 
 ^has been said and done in education. He established this 
 |best on sound philosophic principles, and enriched it by 
 abundant concrete illustration. And this he did with great 
 power of reasoning, but without a trace of bitterness or 
 'uncharitableness. As he saw clearly and thought clearly, 
 .'so he wrote clearly. He had great gifts of exposition and 
 (illustration. No intelligent person need read one of his sen- 
 tences a second time in order to gather its meaning. His 
 style was eminently suitable to his matter. It would be 
 foolish to predict that any of his books is destined for the 
 high place of an educational classic. And yet his contem- 
 poraries who have profited by studying them may be ex- 
 cused for hoping that his Horace Mann may yet take its 
 place beside Quick's Educational Reformers, and the How 
 to Study and Teach History beside the Didactic a Magna. 
 
 Writing concerning "Dr. Hinsdale in the National Ed- 
 ucational Association," Dr. Aaron Gove, Superintendent of 
 
 . P Schools, Denver, Colorado, says : In the 
 
 list of names of great schoolmasters ulti- 
 mately that of Dr. Hinsdale must be included. About the 
 time of his presidency of Hiram College, and during those 
 days, Dr. Hinsdale's pen was fierce and positive in denun- 
 ciation of the common schools of the country as then con- 
 ducted. The positive characteristics of the man were used, 
 if not with venom, surely with great distinctness and almost 
 
4l8 APPENDIX. 
 
 bitterness. His pamphlets on the subject printed at that 
 time have been strange reading in later days in view of the 
 last years of his life. However, like the great man that he 
 was, open to conversion and conviction, his attitude greatly 
 changed, and while at the time of his death he was not en- 
 thusiastically supporting all modern school measures and 
 so-called reforms, he was well over on the side of American 
 public-school education. We shall miss Dr. Hinsdale from 
 our professional meetings. He never refrained from taking 
 the floor when he felt that he had something worth express- 
 ing, and no question has ever arisen in debate in his pres- 
 ence, that I can remember, in the discussion of which Dr. 
 Hinsdale has not undertaken to participate. He never wore 
 himself out in these discussions ; we never tired of his talk, 
 and when he sat down, every man in the house felt that 
 something worth while had been added. I last saw Dr. 
 Hinsdale at the Isle of Palms in Charleston harbor. Mr. 
 R. W. Coy, of Cincinnati, Dr. Hinsdale, and myself spent 
 two hours, one of those hot afternoons, wondering why we 
 had attempted to summer in Charleston, and discussing the 
 general educational situation of the country. I can never 
 forget the wise and comprehensive statements of Dr. Hins- 
 dale during that afternoon. I learned him as I had never 
 known him before. It is good now to remember him in that 
 place, at that time, as the last meeting on earth. 
 
 Dr. Francis F. Brown, editor The Dial, writing of Dr. 
 Hinsdale as "A Critic and Reviewer," says: "For the past 
 P • F B ^^^ years or so. Dr. Hinsdale has occu- 
 
 pied a prominent position among The 
 Dial's most valued reviewers ; and his death leaves 
 a gap which it will be hard to fill. In the earlier 
 days of The Dial, the more elaborate reviews of 
 important works in American history were writ- 
 ten by Dr. W. F. Poole, a critic of very great force and 
 authority in this field. After Dr. Poole's death. Dr. Hins- 
 dale began taking up this line of work, and it is a high but 
 well-merited tribute to say that he, more than any other 
 writer on the staff, succeeded to the position that had been 
 held by Dr. Poole. His work showed the same thorough- 
 ness of preparation, the same comprehensive knowledge, the 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 419 
 
 same open-mindedness and sincerity, the same power of 
 forcible and clear expression. 
 
 Of Dr. Hinsdale's associates in the University of Mich- 
 igan at Ann Arbor, where the 12 last years of his life were 
 spent, none is better able to speak of him 
 James BAngell. appreciatively and with judicial fairness 
 than Dr. James B. Angell, the eminent 
 President of the University. Dr. Angell says : Combined with 
 his interest in education he had always cherished an almost 
 equal interest in history, especially in American history. This 
 fact was influential in shaping his instruction in education. 
 While he was familiar with the leading philosophical theo- 
 ries which are presented by prominent teachers of educa- 
 tion, and gave them what he deemed due consideration, his 
 mind naturally dwelt much on the history of educational 
 movement in this and other countries, and on the develop- 
 ment of various experiments and systems, and with his calm 
 and wise judgment reached sane conclusions by criticism 
 and induction. He was peculiarly fitted by his judicial cast 
 of mind for making this kind of study profitable. He was 
 eminently free from any tendency to adopt what are called 
 educational ''fads." Every theory and every suggestion 
 were brought in the presence of his classes to the test of 
 sound common sense, with which he was most richly en- 
 dowed. 
 
 His mind was so logical and well balanced, and his am- 
 ple learning was always so readily at his command, that, 
 though not gifted with the graces of oratory, he was very 
 strong in public debate. Whether in faculty meetings or in 
 public educational gatherings, his power of summing up and 
 then of sustaining or of opposing with destructive power the 
 arguments which had been presented on either side will be 
 long remembered by those who have heard his forcible 
 speech on such occasions. He would have been a vigorous 
 advocate at the bar or in parliamentary bodies. 
 
 He was a most faithful college officer. Crowded as he 
 always was with his own work, he discharged with the ut- 
 most fidelity all the duties assigned him on committees, and 
 took an active part in the consideration of all propositions 
 
420 APPENDIX. 
 
 brought before the faculty or the university senate for the 
 promotion of the interests of the Institution. 
 
 He was a man of untiring industry, the production of 
 no less than fifteen meritorious volumes in history, Biblical 
 study, biography, and education, in addition to a large num- 
 ber of contributions to magazines and reviews, of elaborate 
 reports to State and national educational associations, and 
 of public addresses on many subjects, while he was dis- 
 charging the duties of an exacting profession, bears witness 
 to his extraordinary power of fruitful activity. Endowed 
 with a most robust constitution, he did not realize 
 that in his passion for work he could overtax it. Yet 
 we cannot doubt that he did at last make too heavy a draft 
 on his strength. But life without power to work had no 
 charms for him. He was a man of the highest moral and re- 
 ligious character. He was a most genial and helpful col- 
 league. He expressed himself with a frankness which to 
 some might occasionally seem like bluntness. But this was 
 because he was absolutely honest. He was generous in his 
 judgments of others, but independent and fearless in form- 
 ing and expressing his opinions of measures, whether educa- 
 tional, political or religious. There was a noble manliness 
 in him, an upright and downright integrity of make, an in- 
 spiring devotion to whatever is uplifting for men, which 
 commanded universal respect and esteem, and which will 
 make his memory ever dear to all of us who had the good 
 fortune to know him. 
 
 The following carefully prepared judgment of Dr. 
 Hinsdale's character as an educator, with a very complete 
 bibliography of his educational works, by Dr. William T. 
 Harris since 1889 at the head of the Bureau of Education 
 for the United States, will fittingly conclude these interest- 
 ing memorials of a great teacher : 
 
 My acquaintance with the late Professor B. A. Hinsdale 
 dates from his connection with the schools of Cleveland as 
 superintendent. I noticed on first meeting him that he was 
 a man of unusual character and ability 
 William T. Harris, and that he had high ideas of educational 
 scholarship. Doctor Hinsdale came into 
 the public schools of Cleveland after he had made a good 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 421 
 
 record as college professor. From the beginning he brought 
 with him a spirit of critical inquiry into the work of the ele- 
 mentary public schools. He wished to know the reasons 
 which had prevailed in adopting the lines of work which he 
 found to be followed with much uniformity throughout the 
 various States. He began to show the results of his in- 
 quiries by pointed articles in educational periodicals. He 
 made himself the master of the literature of the subject and 
 put in his word of criticism and his plea for modification 
 here and there. 
 
 In this way his writings from the beginning were very 
 valuable as exciting a profounder habit of thinking with re- 
 gard to educational theory and practice in the common 
 schools. While he was Superintendent of Schools of the 
 City of Cleveland his criticisms were written mostly for per- 
 iodicals. In 1888 he became professor of the science and art 
 of teaching in the University of Michigan and from that 
 time on his writings appeared chiefly in book form. His 
 treatises on studies and discipline In secondary and higher 
 education, Including such topics as the method of studymg 
 history, the method of teaching language. The Art of Study, 
 Horace Mann, were books. Shorter articles from him ap- 
 peared In the Annual Reports of the Bureau of Education 
 and included among others his observations on education in 
 Italy, the Educational History of the old Northwest and 
 the Educational Provisions In State Constitutions. 
 Every year during his useful life he produced a harvest of 
 research in these lines. I append a bibliography which 
 doubtless needs much for its completion but Is as full as I 
 can make it with the resources at my command. 
 
 Doctor Hinsdale first Impressed persons meeting him 
 for the first time as a man of unusual character and ability 
 and as possessing high ideals of educational scholarship. He 
 commenced writing on questions relating to the theory of 
 education and then confined himself more especially to edu- 
 cational history of the country. His contributions on this 
 subject are of permanent value and future investigators will 
 gladly use his labors. Professor Hinsdale was one of those 
 systematic students who grow rapidly in proficiency In their 
 specialty as time goes on and his later and latest writing may 
 
422 APPENDIX. 
 
 be justly considered his best. He fell in what should have 
 been the middle period of his usefulness and the cause of 
 education in America suffers great loss in his death. The 
 consolation left for his co-laborers is that he worked so ear- 
 nestly and completed so much. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DR. HINSDALE. 
 
 (From Annual Reports of Bureau of Education.) 
 
 Report i888-'89, Vol. II. p. 642. On District System. 
 Report i889-'90, Vol. II. p. 1178. Scholarship in Teach- 
 ing. 
 
 Report i892-'93, Vol. 11. p. 13,428, 1493; cited, 1261, 
 1275 ; edits documents illustrative of American Educational 
 History, 1225-1414; his topics on the educational history of 
 the United States mentioned, 1226; quoted on Education in 
 Wyoming Valley, 1266. 
 
 Report i893-'94, Vol. 11. p. 725, Burke Aaron Hins- 
 dale, on history of the old Northwest; on public instruc- 
 tion in Italy, 325-33. 
 
 Report i896-'97, Vol. II. p. 811. On Committee on 
 Rural Schools. 
 
 Report i897-'98, Vol. II. pp. 561-629. Notes on foreign 
 influence on Education in the United States. 
 
 A phase of college education, in schools and studies, pp. 
 332-340. A plea for breadth. School Bulletin (N. Y.) 10. 
 1883-84: 119. American Government, National and State, 
 pp. viii-422-xxvi-8. Ann Arbor 1891. 8vo. Same new 
 and revised edition, p. 489. Chicago, New York. i2mo. 
 American Historical Association. Mag. West. Hist., 3, 
 1885-86. (Dec. 1885) : 194-196. An investigation of the 
 rural schools. Independent, 48 (Aug. 6, 1896) : 9-10. Art 
 of study, a manual for teachers and students of the science 
 and the art of teaching, 266 pp. i2mo. N. Y. 1900. Busi- 
 ness side of City School systems. Reprinted from "Studies 
 in Education." New York, Chicago, Boston. . i2mo. Bound- 
 ing the original United States. Mag. West. Hist., 2, 1885 
 (Sept.) ; 401-423. City school systems. Supplementary 
 report at Nat. Ed. Assoc. 1890. Chicago Herald, July 8, 
 1890; Scrap-book 2: 114. Culture value of the history of 
 
APPENDIX. 423 
 
 education. Nat. Ed. Assoc. 1889: 210. Diploma system of 
 admission to the University of Michigan. Sch. Rev., 4, 
 (May 1896) : 301-307. Discussion of entrance requirements 
 in history (in report of the committee on college require- 
 ments). Sch. Rev., 4 (June, 1896) : 438-442. Dogma of 
 formal discipline (Asbury Park, N. J., July, 1894) : ii. 
 Economy in college work, Ind. Sch. Jour., 34, 1889: 337. 
 Education in Switzerland, From The Teacher, New York, 
 June, 1892. Educational influence and results. Nat. Ed. 
 Assoc, 1887: 135. Educational problems in England. From 
 Intelligence, Chicago, Feb. 15, 1892. S. No. 132. Exami- 
 nations. Ed. Jour. Va. 15,1884:177-181. Geography and 
 early American History. Mag. West. Hist., 3, 1885-86 
 (Feto., 1886) : 433-436. Health in the public schools. Nat. 
 Teacher, vol. 5: 1-13; Ohio Ed. Mo. v. 16: 1-13. Histor- 
 ical Geography, Mich. Sch. Mod'r 13, 1892: 170. History 
 teaching in schools Nat. Ed. Assoc, 1895 : 360-370. How 
 to study and teach history, with particular reference to the 
 history of the United States, pp. 346. (5 copies). Interna- 
 tional Ed. Series, v. xxv. New York, 1894. .i2mo. Horace 
 Mann and the common school revival in the United States, 
 326 pp., i2mo. N. Y., 1898. Is it possible and desirable to 
 form a federation of colleges and universities in the United 
 States similar to the association of American medical col- 
 leges? Nat. Ed. Assoc, 1898: 720-726: discussion, 727. 
 Need of enhanced material support for the rural schools. 
 Nat. Ed. Assoc, 1897: 113-121. Horace Mann and the 
 common school revival in the United States, pp. 326. ( Great 
 educators, ed. by Nicholas Murray Butler) New York, 
 1898. .i2mo. Industrial education, N. E. Jour. Ed., v. 18. 
 (1883) • 211-213. Industrial education and public school 
 reforms. In Schools and studies, pp. 178-199. Jesus as a 
 teacher and the making of the New Testament, pp. 330. St. 
 Louis, 1895. 8vo. Making of courses of study, Sch. Rev., 
 6, Oct. 1898: 606-614. .Mission of the public school. In 
 schools and studies, pp. 150-177; Ohio Ed. Monthly, vol. 32, 
 1883 : 326-343. Moral training in public schools. Ohio Ed. 
 Monthly, 34, (1885) : 291-298. Ohio school history, A chap- 
 ter of. Ohio Ed. Mo., 29, (1888): 555. Our common 
 school education; with a digression on the college course. 
 
424 APPENDIX. 
 
 Pamph., pp. 38. Cleveland, 1877. .8vo. Over-pressure in 
 the schools. Ohio Ed. Monthly, 28 (1887) : 586. Oxford, 
 the revenues of, Independent, Aug. i, 1895, File 630 (Hins- 
 dale). Need of enhanced material support for the rural 
 schools. Nat. Ed. Assoc, 1897: 113-121. Pedagogical 
 chairs in universities and colleges, Discussion, Proc. Nat. 
 Ed. Assoc. 1889: 559-568. Same, pp. 11. "Papers on school 
 issues of the day.'' v. Syracuse, N. Y. 1889. .8vo. Presi- 
 dent Elliot on popular education. A paper read before the 
 philosophical society and the political science association of 
 the Univ. of Michigan, and before the principals' Associa- 
 tion of the City of Chicago. Pub. in Intelligence, Feb. 15, 
 1893: 12. .4mo. (5 copies). President Elliot on public- 
 school problems. Address delivered before the Connecticut 
 State teachers' Assoc. Nov. 1886, pp. 26. Cleveland, 1886. . 
 8vo., File 367. President Garfield and Education. Educa- 
 tion, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 217-233. Qualifications of the teach- 
 er of history. Intelligence, 12, 1893 : 34. Report of com- 
 mittee on pedagogics. — The laws of mental congruence and 
 energy applied to some pedagogical problems. Nat. Ed. As- 
 soc. 1895: 482-497: discussion: 497-500. Some sociolog- 
 ical factors in rural education in the United States. Nat. Ed. 
 Assoc, Mo. 2, (May, 1896) : 2-13. Schools and studies, pp. 
 362. Boston, 1884 8vo. Some conditions of successful 
 teaching. Ind. Sch. Jour., 34, 1889: 408. Some features of 
 the old South. Mag. West. Hist., 5, 1886-87, (Nov. 1886) : 
 1-17. Some neglected branches of education. Ohio Ed. 
 Monthly, 2.2, 1881 : 33-37. Studies in education, pp. 384. 
 Chicago and New York. .i2mo. Study of education at the 
 University of Michigan. Educ Rev., 6, (Dec 1893) : 443. 
 Study of education in American colleges and universities. 
 Educ. Rev.;< 19 (Feb. 1900) : 105-120. Suggestions to uni- 
 versity students preparing to teach, pp. 8. .i2mo. File 155. 
 Teachers' academical and professional preparation. Nat. 
 Ed. Assoc, 1891 : 713. Teachers' institute, the. O. Ed. Mo. 
 38, 1889: 241. The constant in education (Methods of 
 teaching) Proc. & addresses of the Nat. Ed. Assoc 1884: 
 144-152: Education, v. 5, 1884-85: 205-213. Teaching the 
 language arts, speech, reading, composition, pp. 205 (with 
 bibliography). International education series, vol. xxxiv. 
 
APPENDIX. 425 
 
 New York, 1896, l2mo. The dogma of formal discipline. 
 Proc. Nat. Ed. Assoc, 1894. pp. 625-635. Discussion: 635- 
 637: Ed. Rev. vol. 8, 1894: 128. The great text-book of the 
 middle ages. Ohio Ed. Monthly, 38, 1889; i. The Old 
 Northwest, with a view of the thirteen colonies as consti- 
 tuted by the royal charters, pp. 440. New York, 1888. .8vo. 
 The public vs. the public school. In Sch. and Studies : 296- 
 331. The teacher's preparation. Indep., 43, Aug. 6, 1891 : 
 2-3. Theoretical and critical and the practical courses in 
 teaching given in the University of Michigan. Terms de- 
 fined and relations stated. Notes of preliminary lectures, 
 pp. 12. .8vo. Topics in the educational history of the Uni- 
 ted States, pp. 48. (2 copies). Ann Arbor, Mich. .8vo. 
 Township and district systems. O. Ed. Mo. 38, 1889: 289. 
 Twenty years of Pub. Schs. in Rome. From the Teacher, 
 N. Y., Dec. 1891. The tripartite division of education Sch. 
 Rev., 4, (Sept., 1896) : 512-522. University of Michigan. 
 i: II. Educa. R. 11 (April, 1896) 356-368; Educa. R. 11 
 (May 1896) : 476-485. Elmer E. Certification of college 
 and university graduates as teachers in the public schools. 
 Sch. Rev., 7 (June, 1899) 331-374. History and civil gov- 
 ernment of Ohio, and the government of the United States 
 by B. A. Hinsdale, pp. 368. Chicago and New York, i2mo. 
 (c. r. 1896) History and civil government of Pennsylvania 
 and the government of the United States by B. A. Hinsdale, 
 pp. 365. Chicago, New York, Boston. . i2mo. The West- 
 ern Literary Institute of College of Professional Teachers. 
 Vol. I, Bureau of Education, 1898-9, 
 
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