ass lilHiK _$1-UL^ M^5 MARCELLUS HARTLEY ^^^ ojL e^.z/.<..<^ (yira^'L^ MARCELLUS HARTLEY A BRIEF MEMOIR PRINTED PRIVATELY NEW YORK 1903 S ■ H33 o' ^<:^ noon of January 8, 1902. For a few days previous he had been complaining of indigestion, but, since his health had always been good and he had scarcely ever been confined at home, he thought little of the matter. On the morning of the sad occurrence he left his house in his usual cheerful humor and drove to his office, where he was engaged during the morning. Then he attended a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Equitable Life Assurance Society, took lunch with one of his most valued friends, Mr. James W. Alexander, and afterwards went to a meeting of the Executive Committee of the American Surety Company. His colleagues were seated about the long table of the room. With them he chatted gaily for a moment, but presently became silent. It was then noticed that his head was drooping lower and lower on his chest. To a question whether he felt faint he could make no reply; his head fell forward, and in an instant, with the arms of Mr. Smith about him and his hand clasped in Mr. Wheelock's, surrounded by friends and business associates, Marcellus Hartley passed away. His funeral took place on the following Saturday from the Madison Square Presbyterian Church, whence other members of his family had been carried for burial. In the absence of his pastor. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, Bishop Potter and the Rev. Dr. Roderick Terry con- ducted the service. The pall-bearers were his friends and associates in business. They were William A. Wheel- 74 MARCELLUS HARTLEY ock, Levi P. Morton, D. Willis James, Anson Phelps Stokes, Eugene Delano, James W. Alexander, Andrew Carnegie, James H. Hyde, John A. Stewart, William E. Dodge, R. Fulton Cutting, George Westinghouse, General Louis Fitzgerald, General Thomas C. Eckert, Russell Sage, General Thomas H. Hubbard, George W. Hebard, and Valentine P. Snyder. Most of these friends have written tributes to Mr. Hartley's life and character; what they have said, together with some editorial com- ments, will be found at the end of this volume. Mr. Hartley was buried at Greenwood. He is survived by his widow, his daughter, and his three grandchildren. IX Character IT remains to make a general statement of the per- sonal traits, the character, the ideals, and the business principles of Mr. Hartley. Physically Mr. Hartley was below the ordinary height and was rather light of frame. His complexion was fair, his eyes grayish blue and of unusual penetration, his features clear-cut and firm, and his whole expression was one of keenness, composure, and tenderness. His step was vigorous, though slow and measured, and all his movements expressed con- trolled energy. He bore himself with dignity, and his demeanor was one of quiet self-respect. By temperament and training Mr. Hartley was, in the best sense of the word, practical. From the account of his interests given in the preceding pages, it is evident that he was wholly alive to the working value of an idea. For theorizing and for pure speculation he had no liking, but his mind was constantly occupied with the putting into practice of some idea which would furnish people with commodities of substantial value, and which would directly increase their comfort and convenience. " I am," he wrote in 1886, "still hard at work. It would 75 76 A MEMOIR OF be easy for me to retire in one sense, but I sincerely believe a man is better off hard at work. I believe the true way to benefit mankind and those who make up your world is to keep them employed, developing inter- ests, giving them a chance to live, putting your money into their enterprises. Though they are not always suc- cessful, still you give a living to many families." His temperament may, therefore, be described as active, and his training had, from his first entry into business, been of the sort to foster rather than to repress what was the most striking quality of his intellect — his ability to see the practical bearings of whatever he applied his mind to. In the hundreds of business letters which he wrote the main idea seems to be: "This thing will work" or "This thing will not work." Expressed rather more profoundly, the idea which dominated Mr. Hartley's activity was that life is a seri- ous business, not an affair merely of pleasure and senti- ment. For romance and sentimentality, those forces which urge a man to seek his joy in what is not rather than what is, which lead him to override and trample on the facts of the world, and at their best raise him to astounding heights of individuality, Mr. Hartley had little liking. He read the letters of life clearly, swiftly, and without evasion. There is in some of his later per- sonal correspondence a hint of a singularly simple and straightforward view of the world. Life is an affair of plain daily duties, of making the best of opportunities, MARCELLUS HARTLEY 'j^ of honest endeavor, of ceaseless, often sad, striving. We are placed in this world, the note is, not for our earthly pleasure, but, under the guiding hand of Providence, for our eternal honor. To its decrees we must bow. " I wish I could say or do something to break the blow," he wrote to a friend, "but it is useless. It is beyond all human power. We take a different view of life after such an event; our hold is shaken; we begin to look to the future, and after a while we have more on the other side than on this. This is the way Providence has of dealing ; we must accept it and cannot alter it, and after a while would not, if we could." So it was that Mr. Hartley's life was spent in constant labor, untouched by idleness and untainted by depression. Such views are not uncommon. What, however, dis- tinguished Mr. Hartley from the great majority of his serious fellow-men was the union of this sober philosophy with great clearness and firmness of intellect. He saw his facts clearly and readily, down to the minute details. Nothing, perhaps, in the history of his mind is more striking than the fact that he knew the small things of his business, and never regarded them as unworthy of his notice. Facts, details, minutiae were to him ever present, and it is amazing to note the number and variety of those facts over which his eye swiftly and surely ranged. It must not, however, be imagined that Mr. Hartley's mind busied itself simply with these facts as facts. On 78 A MEMOIR OF the contrary, as has been hinted above, he always had large ends in view, and held to principles of which details were but the working out and to which they were subservient. His mind was imaginative, not in the sense that he combined the details of life into large and generous pictures, but for the reason that he saw the bearing of every detail and could make it leap and spring into new combinations with other details, from which emerged new establishments and fruitful enterprises. Nor should it be supposed that the matter-of-fact quality of Mr. Hartley's intellect obliterated the gentler side of his nature or allowed it to suffer from neglect. The clearness of mind which always distinguished him did, indeed, carry with it a prevailing honesty, a hatred of sham, fraud, and dissimulation, which not infrequently led to severity of manner. By disposition, however, he was kind and benevolent. He wanted other people to do what he could do, to succeed as he had succeeded, and he helped many with sagacious counsel. Of his kindness there is no better example than the letters of advice which he not infrequently wrote to people who were in hard straits. From his vast acquaintance with practical affairs he mapped out a detailed plan of con- duct for them to pursue if they wished to regain their place in the world. Some of the letters are marvelously wise and helpful. In all such letters of advice the main idea, which was worked into a wealth of detail, was self-control. In MARCELLUS HARTLEY 79 preaching this doctrine, Mr. Hartley did no more than he himself practised. Restraint was a dominant quality of his intellect. In trying and distressing circumstances he always had perfect control of himself This seeming lack of sensibility was in no respect due to hardness of heart or to an unsympathetic nature ; on the contrary, he was the kindest of men. It was but the expression of a temperament distinguished for the clearness with which it read facts and for its power of self-suppression. Mr. Hartley always submitted patiently to the inevitable. This self-control enabled him to pursue his schemes without impatience, to deny himself when a good cause could be advanced, to be systematic, perseverant, stead- fast. It led him to see the folly of display and extrava- gance, and kept him free from affectation. Simplicity was a striking trait of his character. He was not in the least austere, and what he wanted he usu- ally got; but for show, as such, he had no taste. His amusements were few and wholesome. Horseback rid- ing, walking, surf-bathing, target- shooting, billiards, and the like, were his favorite recreations. Public speaking and debate were always a source of great delight to him, and to gratify his pleasure in them he would put him- self to inconvenience. He stayed much at home, and here he took great pleasure in the society of his family, in occasional games of cards with them, and not sel- dom in reading. His reading was confined chiefly to standard books, though he not infrequently took up 8o A MEMOIR OF novels. Biography and history he liked very much, and Napoleon was perhaps his especial favorite. Mr. Hartley's simplicity and self-control made him rather formal in his address toward people, and may have caused him to be somewhat reserved in his friendships. He had very many friends, in business and out ; but, like most clear men, few intimate ones to whom he gave his confidence. To those in whom he had faith, no man was more loyal ; but he was naturally slow to forget a betrayal of his trust. Truthfulness he loved, and next to this he believed in order, punctuality, and method ; these things he demanded from his employees and associates. Of all these virtues he was himself an exemplar, and they were the result of this same clear- sighted self-control. In politics, Mr. Hartley may best be described as a patriotic American. The earliest recollection we have of his beliefs was when, as a lad visiting his grandfather at Bayside, it pleased him to call himself a Democrat, although he was too young to know the meaning of the term. In jest, his grandfather used to name him " Gen- eral," after General Jackson, the popular hero of the day. When in his teens and somewhat familiar with politics, he became an ardent Whig and a great admirer of Henry Clay. On one of his trips West, in the early fifties, he called upon that distinguished statesman at the quiet shades of Ashland, Kentucky, and he would frequently relate with great zest the cordial reception MARCELLUS HARTLEY 8i he received. He often told of Clay's charm of manner, the soundness of his views, and his wonderful personal magnetism. The impression was never effaced from his mind. It is safe to say that the principles for which Clay stood always remained with Mr. Hartley. His political beliefs, however, though constant, ex- press themselves in adherence to different movements. On the founding of the Know-Nothing party in 1853, on the principle that America should really mean the Union of the States, with no North, no South, no East, and no West, without sectarianism in legislation or re- ligion and without the too eager assimilation of foreign- ers into the body politic, Mr. Hartley gave it his sup- port. He soon perceived, however, that the country was large enough and elastic enough to take in all who come, and, indeed, the speedy disruption of the Know- Nothing party proved his political sagacity. Then he turned to the newly risen offspring of the Whigs, the Republican party, which was formed at the opening of the Civil War, and to this he gave his earnest support until the time of his death. But he was never so wedded to party as to be subservient to its dogmas when, in his judgment, its principles were being sacrificed to advance the personal ambition of men. His knowledge of hu- man nature enabled him quickly to discover the motives of men, and he never hesitated to oppose any selfish policy which was undermining public interest. Mr. Hartley never held public office, though often 82 A MEMOIR OF urged by his friends to do so. He was too busy in prosecuting his various enterprises to pay attention to the administration of public affairs. He contented him- self with advising party leaders, and would contribute money whenever necessary to maintain party organiza- tion. The only exception to his purely private career was his course during the Civil War, when, as we have seen, he devoted his time and knowledge to the aid of the Government. The office, however, was in no sense a political one. The temperament which dominated Mr. Hartley is in no way better seen than in his religion. Here his con- victions were strong; though never forced upon others, they were maintained in firmness and simplicity. In manhood he united with the Madison Square Presby- terian Church, and remained faithful to it during his life. One of his chief delights, after having heard a sermon that especially pleased him, was to have it printed and distributed. In this way, particularly to a clergyman doing his duty in a sequestered church, would he show his appreciation. His regard for the Sabbath was strong; his usual diversion on this day was a long, quiet walk in the town or country. It remains to say a few words of Mr. Hartley's busi- ness methods. His business was, of course, the main issue of his life, and for that reason the conduct of it merits special attention. In general, it was carried on with foresight, wisdom, and courage. No man's judgment was MARCELLUS HARTLEY 83 regarded as sounder or of more value by his associates in the many industrial and financial dealings which he had with them. He frequently aided them to overcome difficulties and to meet emergencies. His clear, practi- cal, and judicial mind, fortified by over half a cen- tury of experience among men, made him in times of doubt and perplexity an invaluable friend and counselor. More than one instance is known of how Mr. Hartley helped financial institutions in trying crises. In all such cases his aid was timely and his foresight justified by the outcome. In Mr. Hartley's business methods individuality was perhaps the chief characteristic. His personality was never obscured. His will dominated every department and irradiated the diversities of his complex affairs. To the large mass of employees he was somewhat exact- ing, but his manner was always kindly. He would brook no assumption on their part, but was always glad to have their views ; and if they presented anything that appeared to his judgment better than his own, he would gratefully adopt it. Shirking he never permitted. The same industry and attention to business which he ob- served for himself he expected from all employees. His favorite formula of qualification for an employee was tact, push, and principle. Without tact and push, he argued, a man of principle may be good for many things, but not for business ; and without principle all the tact and push in the world may come only to evil. 84 A MEMOIR OF The presence of Mr. Hartley's will in his business is well illustrated by the anecdote told by a man who was twenty-five years in his employ. '* In the early days of my acquaintance with Mr. Hartley, I once had occasion to dictate a letter in his presence to send to a dealer who had treated us unfairly. My letter started as follows : ' We are surprised at the position you take. ' Mr. Hart- ley stopped me with a terse remark : * Don't write that, young man, and as long as you are in my employ don't allow yourself to be surprised at anything. Just take people as you find them. When you have been in busi- ness as long as I have, nothing people do will surprise you. Nothing ever surprises me. Remember, you are not surprised now ; they have done just what you ex- pected rascals would do. Begin that letter over again ! "* It must be added that the same writer speaks of the pleasure it was to be associated with Mr. Hartley, of the "many kindly admonitions fitly spoken in relation to business matters " which have "since served him well in times of emergency." The training received under Mr. Hartley was evidently excellent. Mr. Hartley could get along admirably with men. The large number of old employees in his offices and factories speaks eloquently for his dealings with those under him. The same general observation is true in his relations to the members of his firm. When, in 1876, Mr. Schuyler retired, his interest was purchased by his partners and the firm name became Hartley and MARCELLUS HARTLEY 85 Graham; shortly after the death of Mr. Graham in De- cember, 1899, the business was incorporated as the M. Hartley Company. These were the only changes. Throughout his life, Mr. Hartley's relations with his partners were always pleasant. This was due to the fact that, above all, Mr. Hartley was a peacemaker ; his self-control and his clearness of intellect made him per- ceive that business disasters follow quarrels. Whenever disturbed, as was rarely the case, his annoyance found expression in the low whistling of some tune ; this seemed to restore his mind to its usual composure. In the many boards of directors of which he was a member, discus- sions of some warmth would frequently arise. On these occasions he would listen passively until he perceived that the peace of the meeting was in danger ; then he would arise and, in a few well-chosen words of soothing, genial purport, turn the trend of the discussion and restore harmony. This faculty of pouring oil on trou- bled waters was one of his most constant traits of char- acter in his dealings with men, and it greatly contributed to the value of his services. Courage, as we have said, foresight and steadfastness, dominated his business career. He never embarked upon an enterprise without carefully contemplating from all points of view the chances of success. When his judg- ment was formed, he went to work with all his will and carried his enterprise to the end. He was never daunted by the difficulties inseparable from new undertakings, 86 A MEMOIR OF and always gave such affairs whatever attention was needful. The capital that he had collected enabled him, of course, to take advantage of situations and to push through enterprises on a large scale; but that many of these undertakings proved profitable investments is merely an instance of his courage and foresight. His reputation for sagacity naturally inspired others in any business in which he had a hand. It stood by him until the end of his life. Neither mentally nor physically did he yield to the wasting decay of age. With the advance of years, long after he had acquired a fortune with which many men of affairs would have been content to retire to relieve their minds of the burden of business and to find some rest, we see Mr. Hartley not only as vigorous and alert as in the meridian of strength and manhood, but eager to assume new responsibilities. His confidence in the future was as real as his recollection of successful deeds in the past. Yet he was as cautious as he was brave; nor would he have anything to do with any scheme unless he saw the end from the beginning. Wherein he excelled other men was the quick judgment which enabled him to decide on a course of action. Once entered upon a course, he never lost heart or faltered. One reason for the confidence which people had in him was his reputation for honesty. In this honesty he, perhaps, displayed his greatest courage. For he was quick in the perception of right and wrong, and had the MARCELLUS HARTLEY 87 courage to be honest on all occasions. In the councils of a board of direction, in his own large business, in his intercourse with his fellow-men, and in his duties to his Creator, he could never be turned from his ideal recti- tude, no matter in what position he was placed, no mat- ter how great the temptation might be. He had a maxim in dealing with corporations which he never failed to observe — "Take care of your stockholders, and your stockholders will take care of your company." He would entertain no proposition that in the least degree tended to hurt the interests of the stockholders. His name in the directorship of a company was a guarantee for the just carrying out of its projects. Whoever wrote his name under that of Marcellus Hartley was assured of the soundness of the enterprise and of the honor and the uprightness to be observed in the administration of its affairs. At the time of his death Mr. Hartley was but a few months less than seventy-five years of age. Fifty-eight of those years had been passed in active business, and the result for which they stand in the world of affairs was the establishing of many great and useful enter- prises, the means of livelihood to hundreds of men and women, a reputation for sound judgment, integrity, and wisdom, and a name synonymous with virtue and high citizenship. To the circle of close friends they stand for a genial and vigorous personality, a quiet humor, a gentle bearing, and a sympathetic heart. To his family they 88 MARCELLUS HARTLEY mean, and will always mean, the blessed associations which cluster about the name of the considerate and dutiful son, the loyal brother, the loving husband, and the tender and righteous father. This brief memoir is but a slight sketch of the many things which serve to perpetuate the life and character of Marcellus Hartley. APPENDIX I Personal Tributes from Friends of Mr. Hartley. II Resolutions and Minutes of Corporations with WHICH Mr. Hartley was Connected. III Editorial Comment on Mr. Hartley's Death. IV Extracts from Mr. Hartley's Correspondence during the Civil War. I PERSONAL TRIBUTES FROM FRIENDS OF MR. HARTLEY The Address of the Right Rev. Bishop Potter at the funeral services of Mr. Hartley It is with exceeding regret that my friend, Dr. Parkhurst, is obHged to absent himself on this occasion on account of illness. I count it a privilege that, as a friend of our deceased brother, I have been invited to take part in these services ; for there is in such an occasion as this an element of gracious symmetry, too often, alas ! wanting when we come, amid broken hopes cut short and lives too soon ended, to pay our tribute to one whom God has taken to himself. Not only in that regard had Marcellus Hartley lived out the wonted span of life ; but he had substantially lived it all here. He was our own product; — bred and reared in this commu- nity ; and doing his work, from first to last, in the eyes of those who are represented here, and of those who have gone before them. There are two or three notes of such a career which we may well recall in this place ; for they were, from first to last, dis- tinctive, and they had in Marcellus Hartley rare and inspiring illustration. Mr. Hartley's record in his business life was not merely able ; it was blameless. In all his transactions the soul of honor, his character and influence were on the side of what I may call constructive righteousness; — that directness and integrity that build up and conserve all honest interests upon the broad foun- dation of honest dealing. 9» 92 APPENDIX United with this, in a very eminent way, were insight, fore- sight, and grasp. We have had great merchants in New York who were no more than great shopkeepers. Mr. Hartley had, in all those relations in which he wrought and served, both vision and grasp. He saw far afield, and he seized an opportunity with that swift intuition of its values which is one of the notes, in every calling, of genius. A characteristic illustration of this was furnished during the brief and only time he held what might be called a public office. President Lincoln made him a brigadier-general of the army during the Civil War, and sent him on an important mission abroad. It was there that he lis- tened to the speech of John Bright enlisting, in a country for- eign and largely hostile to the United States, the sympathy of his hearers. Many of us would have left that hall thrilled, feel- ing only that we had listened to a great speaker and passed a thoroughly enjoyable night. Marcellus Hartley saw a greater opportunity in the experience. He asked permission to pub- lish the speech and circulated it broadcast. A wise man once defined for me the difTerence between the successful man and the one doomed to failure. The one is able to grasp the initiative. It was the Bright incident which showed him as the man with a genius to grasp opportunity. He possessed in the highest degree the qualities of sound judg- ment and exceeding coolness. I was wont to meet him when we both sought recreation from the tasks of life in the saddle, and I shall never forget the refreshment that I gained on those occasions from my intercourse with him. Each time the same kindly note rang in his voice ; each time there was the same kindly smile ; and I took with me from them a something in- describably comforting to my work and daily life. It was be- cause in Marcellus Hartley was preserved that something sweet and bright with which God had blessed him at the very begin- ning. Mr. Hartley's beneficence was shown in many ways besides what we know of the Hartley House. But he had a singular genius for retirement and self-effacement. Think of it ! For APPENDIX 93 nearly three quarters of a century he was a resident of New York and never did he hold public office ! I learned only yes- terday, by merest chance, that he had been a brigadier-gen- eral during the war. But to me, as to his other friends, he was never General Hartley, he was plain Marcellus Hartley. Truly, titles fall from the really great. These are some of the things for which we have to thank God this morning, the good example of His faithful servant. I may not intrude here upon the privacy of his domestic life, nor dwell upon characteristics which revealed themselves in the more intimate relations of the home and in closer friendships. But no one could know Marcellus Hartley, even superficially, without recognizing two qualities in him, out of which come the highest types of character. He was a man of principles, and not of expediency. He was a man of heart, and not merely a man of brains. He loved his fellow-men and gladly served them, and in all the relations of life he brought to them that singular charm of gracious courtesy, of inextinguish- able cheerfulness, of sunny sweetness of behavior and of pres- ence, which makes us feel to-day that here a light has gone out. Thank God, we know, as he knew, that in God's plan it was not to be quenched, and will not be ; but only transplanted to shine with undimmed luster in the perfect presence and by the perfect light. An Article by the Rev. Dr. Parkhurst, in the ^^ Christian Work,'' entitled Marcellus Hartley I have not put this name at the head of my article for any purpose of eulogy. A man who did not care to be compli- mented while he was living would resent having advantage taken of his absence to compliment him after he is dead. 94 APPENDIX Nor need it be said that the reference here made to Mr. Hartley is not because of the large wealth of which he stood possessed prior to his decease. No one will be disposed to deny, presumably, that when men as wealthy as he die, there is a natural and a carnal impulse to make much of the occasion simply out of regard to the immensity of the dead man's pecuniary accumulations. All such impulse, however, is dis- tinctly pagan, and can have no legitimate place in the con- sciousness of a Christian or in the means employed for the celebration or perpetuation of his memory. Speaking of eulogies, it needs to be said that one reason why we are often constrained to speak pleasantly of the dead is that we suddenly realize that we only imperfectly appreciated them while they were still living, and would like to make good previous omission ; and it is certainly true that our conscious- ness of estimable traits rarely becomes adequate and complete till the man or woman in whom they inhere is gone. It is regrettable that our admirations are so sadly belated. Mr. Depew stated this in his after-dinner style when he said that he preferred taffy to epitaph-y. When we read at Woodlawn the inscriptions on the tombs of the dead and remember that those living down in the city will have much the same inscrip- tions put on their monuments by and by — and very likely de- servedly — it sets us reflecting on the excellence of the people we are living among, and encourages in us the spirit of ante- mortem appreciation. There is, then, one feature in Mr. Hartley's character that I should like to specify, not at all in any spirit of compliment to him or his memory, but because it is something to be thought about by those of us who believe theoretically in the truth and in telling the truth, but who, as matter of practice, are willing on occasion to depart from the truth far enough to serve present interest and convenience. I doubt if Mr. Hartley was morally capable of telling a lie, or of consciously accommodating the truth to a momentary exigency. It is often remarked that busi- ness men have one reputation downtown and another reputa- APPENDIX 95 tion uptown, but it is in view of what I know of his downtown reputation that I am emboldened to say that in his judgment there was no neutral territory between a truth and a lie, and that the instant truth stops lie begins, and that he never con- sciously stepped across the line. There was very little dogma in Mr. Hartley's religion, and very little emotion, but the line of rectitude meant the same thing to him that the plumb-line does to the mason, and he built to it. And that was one ingredient in what was known as his financial farsightedness. He may or may not have had a keener eye than many others, but at any rate there was no dust in his eye. Consequently many questions that were prob- lems to others were no problems to him, but axioms. The inner truthfulness of the man rendered distinct the outlines of the matters he had to deal with, and so made conclusions easy. He was, therefore, a man to tie to. He was one of those fixed centers around which the machinery of the financial world was able to turn without racking itself in the revolution. Such men are what make a business world possible. Wall Street can exist not because there are so many liars and thieves in it, but because there are so many, like Mr. Hartley, who recognize the fact that community of interest and of relations is made possible by the number of people that believe in truth and that stand by their word. Clergymen who avail of Wall Street to point their homilies on fraud do so because they don't know or because they want to be smart. It would be difficult to conceive of a volume more interest- ing and illuminating than the one Mr. Hartley might have written portraying, from his standpoint as Christian and suc- cessful man of affairs, his knowledge of men and things gained by a half century of intimate experience. A sample of what such a volume might have contained is afforded by a single remark that he dropped in course of a con- versation I had with him at his house some time ago. I had recently said something in a public way bearing upon the character and performances of a man of our State whose busi- 96 APPENDIX ness connections are in this city, though not himself a citizen here. Mr. Hartley asked me abruptly, "What is the particular thing that Mr. is doing that in your judgment warrants your regarding him with so much suspicion and disfavor?" My answer was, " You are aware, Mr. Hartley, that we have recently been proving to the satisfaction of the public that there is in this city a compact between the criminal classes and the official classes, by virtue of which criminals have certain immunities allowed them in return for the money they pay over to the police, and that the wardman is the intermediary between the contracting parties. Now, my conception of Mr. is that he is a sort of wardman, the go-between between the corporations and the Legislature, and he handles the 'stuff' which the corporations put up, the payment of which secures them legislative favor." Mr. Hartley was always laconic in his style, and the only reply he made was, " That is about the size of it; I have had opportunity to know." I refer to this only as an illustration of the flood of light that in so many ways could be thrown upon both the bright and the dark side of our city by one so long and so intimately at home as Mr. Hartley with what goes to make up the city's life. The stamp which by his career of uncompromising integrity he has, for so long a term of years, been putting upon the busi- ness character of our town is one not easy to be effaced. We wish that his career of example and precept might have been longer continued. We wish that he had consented to allow to exhausted body and wearied mind that occasional term of re- laxation which such a life of mental strain demands ; but it is for each man to judge for himself how he can best fulfil his mission. Certain it is that from a life of such prolonged toil and incessant responsibility no exit could have been more con- genial to him than that which fell to his lot, to arrive at the end with native force unabated, and to fall with his armor on, in the midst of the congenial and sympathetic spirits that had been so long his comrades in the battle. APPENDIX 97 A Letter from Mr. Andrew Carnegie The first thought of my friend Marcellus Hartley always crys- tallizes with the word Character, — a man of principle, straight as an arrow, his word as good as his bond. Then comes to me his loyalty to his selected friends. He did not choose friends hastily, could not have had many in the core of his heart ; he was much too positive and clear in his likings and judgment to be hail-fellow with the multitude. Those to whom he felt drawn must have at base similar vir- tues to his own. This is always the case with strong person- alities. Many liked and all respected him, and many he Hked but only the special few who were true he hooked to himself with bands of steel. Younger than himself, I had reason to note and appreciate this lovable trait. The days he called were red-letter days to me, and a growing appreciation of the man was one of my pleasures. I felt more and more drawn to him, until at last he became one to whom I felt, if I needed counsel, yes, or assistance, I should go at once, well assured I should not go in vain. He was a tower of strength to friends in trouble. In the whole range of my acquaintance I know of no one who personified more fully all the virtues of the men of affairs. He was the Captain of Industry in whom deceit, mis- representation, and sharp practice found no resting-place, a man with whom one could shake hands and rest certain that to the end he had a colleague who, come what might, would be found laboring side by side in perfect good faith. He never deserted an individual or a cause he had once espoused. Mr. Hartley had some conversations with me upon the final disposition of his great fortune, and was to take up that subject with me upon our return to New York in the autumn. He was deeply concerned, and resolved to place his affairs in order without delay, and he had lofty plans in view. Alas ! the sum- mons came before we could meet again, and friendly confer- ences were at an end. 98 APPENDIX He has passed from among us, but the memory of a true man and loyal friend remains to us who knew him well ; nor will the day come, while memory remains, when I can forget Marcellus Hartley. Skibo Castle, August, 1902. A Letter from Mr. William A. Wheelock Marcellus Hartley was one of my dearest friends for many years, and the removal by death of no one outside of my own family could have come nearer to me. The confidence between us was mutual and close, and the almost daily relations between us in the several institutions in which we were associated cemented a friendship to be broken only by death. The fact that at one of these frequent meetings the silent message came to him, while his hand was in my own, I can never forget. The scene is constantly before me. I miss his companionship every day. In estimating the character and life of Mr. Hartley, there are two distinct sides. In the business world, where his success was phenomenal and complete, everything was compelled to bow to the mandate of his judgment, which seemed unerring, and the results achieved in his lifelong career fully justified the soundness of his judgment. No one could question his preeminence as one of the master minds in the commercial world. To me, however, the great charm of Mr. Hartley's character lay in his unaffected simplicity, his noble Christian life, and the intense loyalty to the memory of his distinguished father which he cherished. He was proud of his father's active in- terest in every worthy charity ; and in the many confidential talks we had as to the responsibilities of successful men, he APPENDIX 99 seemed anxious and determined that his own name and mem- ory should be equally identified in the future with large and worthy charities. There were no striking incidents connected with my associa- tion with Mr. Hartley ; many of those in his earlier life have been so well portrayed by himself that they have become almost historic, and the records of our Civil War would not be complete without them. This is but a mere tribute to the life and character of my dear Mr. Hartley, whose many virtues I shall ever remember. A Tribute from Mr. James W. Alexander Marcellus Hartley was one of the most remarkable men I have ever met. I had some opportunity to know, for he was in and out of my office almost every day during the last ten years of his life. He served on the Executive Committee of the Equitable Society, which held three sessions a week, and he generally dropped in on other days, also. Mr. Hartley con- stantly reminded me of the proverb, " Seest thou a man diligent in his business? He shall stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men." He was the most industrious man I ever knew. He began in that way and kept it up until the minute he died, at the age of seventy-four. He often told me that he got his amusement out of his business. He rode horseback every afternoon, but he did it systematically to keep his health robust. He took little part in society affairs, but was gener- ally at home in the evening, where he read a great deal. He had the habit of disposing at once of anything he had to do, and put in his work steadily throughout the day. He directed enormous concerns of his own. The Union Metallic Cartridge Company, which he practically owned, is, I L.ofC. loo APPENDIX suppose, the largest thing of its kind in the world, and this was only one of a number of such commercial and manufacturing enterprises which he managed. He supplied arms to all na- tions. He kept his eye on everything and never took his fin- ger off the lever. Even when he went on a vacation he kept up constant communication. Notwithstanding his own vast in- terests, he entered intelligently and diligently into the affairs of the companies of which he was a director. He was not a per- functory director ; he informed himself and he worked. In our own company he was a useful and wise coadjutor. It amazed me to see how interested he would become in matters outside the sphere in which he made his money. At the very time of his death he was occupying his mind, time, and talents in developing a new financial organization of world-wide im- portance, and had been in my office talking with me about it in the most enthusiastic strain fifteen minutes before he died. He had strong likes and dislikes, but they were always based on reasons — not mere prejudice. When he liked a man he stood by him through thick and thin. He was ready to back up his opinions and his friendships with his credit and his money. He was a very shrewd business man, with great courage when he had made up his mind. He was not a speculator. He was one of the earliest to see the practical future of elec- tricity and invested in it. When he began his business career he introduced new and resolute methods. He told me once that he had secured all the mosaics in Florence that could be bought, and all the red coral in Naples, to the astonishment of the dealers, and made much money by bringing them to this country for sale. This was when his business was in various kinds of merchandise. Afterward he became a great manufacturer. He knew and was known by every important man in New York, but he never sought prominence. He was gentle and companionable, but stern and unyielding when he thought principles were involved. APPENDIX loi A book embodying nothing but his own experiences would make a thrilHng volume. During the Civil War he visited Europe and bought arms for our government, and thwarted the efforts of the South in the same direction. Time will not suffice to give even a sketch of his career and character. But he was a marked man. His relations to char- ities and works of beneficence form another side which it is hoped may yet be made public. He had no counterpart that I know of. He was original and he was eminent in his domain. His loss will be keenly felt. But he died as he lived — in the harness. A Letter from Mr. George Gould I HAVE known him for twenty years, and he has always been one of my closest friends and associates. I met him to-day at a Director's meeting and was deeply grieved at the news of his sudden death. He had a charming personality and was a good business man with excellent judgment. He had hosts of friends, who appreciate his kindly ways, and who, I am sure, will be deeply grieved at his death. A Letter fr 07)1 Mr. James H. Hyde Mr. Hartley became a Director of the Equitable Life Assur- ance Society of the United States (founded by my father, Henry B. Hyde, in 1859) at the close of the year 1884. I was elected a member of that Board in 1895, and was closely associated with Mr. Hartley until the day of his death ; indeed, he at- tended a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Equitable Society on the day of his death. He was a zealous member of that Committee, whose chief province it is to find investment I02 APPENDIX for the assets of the Society, and he saw these assets grow from fifty-eight miUions in 1884, when he became a member of our Board, to more than three hundred and thirty millions at the time of his death. A minute account of Mr. Hartley's career would furnish an adequate history of the development of American manufacture and finance during the generation to which he belonged. The scope of his experience, the number of great enterprises with which he was identified directly or indirectly, his intimacy with the prominent men of his time, made his reminiscences exceed- ingly interesting; and when among his intimate friends, after telling some interesting experience in connection with the Civil War, or the laying of the Atlantic cable, or political conflicts, or labor disturbances, or financial panics, he was often urged in my hearing to put his reminiscences in writing for permanent preservation. Mr. Hartley was a man so quiet and unobtrusive that the casual observer little suspected his strength of character, but he was a man of strong individuality, keen intellect, and inquisi- tive eagerness to get to the bottom of things. Perhaps his chief characteristic was his tenacity of purpose, the courage with which, after satisfying himself with the soundness of an enterprise, he backed it up until success had been attained. Most of the enterprises in which he was directly interested suc- ceeded because he was never afraid to send what seemed to be good money after bad in order to make what appeared to be a forlorn hope a brilliant triumph. Mr. Hartley and my father were among the first men in this country to invest their money in electricity, and for a number of years there were periods when spectators prophesied nothing but disaster; but Mr. Hartley never faltered, and every one knows the result. Mr. Hartley and my father were close friends and intimately associated in business for nearly a quarter of a century. Mr. Hartley outlived my father scarcely more than two and a half years. APPENDIX 103 A Letter from Mr. D. Willis James Mr. Marcellus Hartley was so long a prominent figure among the successful merchants of New York that his removal leaves a large vacant place. His life is an object-lesson to young men. Starting at the bottom, he quickly won a commanding position, and during our Civil War, forty years ago, he was a conspicuous figure and had large and very important trusts thrust upon him. He always proved himself to be fully equal to meet all demands made upon him. He was long recognized as one of the ablest and most suc- cessful manufacturers in the country. As a financier he held a high position, and as a negotiator he had few, if any, equals. Mr. Hartley was modest and unassuming; one had to know him well fully to recognize his abilities and the breadth of his view. He was a man to be trusted and to be depended upon in all the relations of life. He was not carried off his balance by prosperity, and was always calm in every storm. He continued to the last a regular attendant on the church of his fathers and a supporter of the institutions of religion. His removal is greatly deplored by a large number of de- voted friends. A Tribute from Hon. Chauncey M. Depew The first I heard of the death of Marcellus Hartley was when the pilot brought the newspapers aboard. Mr. Hartley and I were close friends for over forty years, and he was a lovable, splendid man. He was one of our very big men of affairs. His judgment in business was absolutely unerring. If he had written his autobiography, it would have proven a marvelously interesting book. With his unerring business judgment and great foresight, he amassed a great fortune. I04 APPENDIX When the amount of his estate is known, it will be a vast sur- prise to those who did not really know the quiet man of affairs. Few of our citizens have done greater service to the United States. In civil life, he was a great factor in the strife of the States. His services to the Union were of the utmost impor- tance. He not only succeeded in controlling the arms for the Northern armies, but he kept the Confederacy from obtaining arms. We did not then understand gun-making, and by visits to the factories he learned the secrets of gun-metals and mech- anism, which were invaluable to the Federal Government. A very great man, a true friend and real patriot, has gone. A Letter from Mr. John Crosby Brown My most vivid recollections of Mr. Hartley are connected with his life on Orange Mountain. In the earlier years of our resi- dence there it was Mr. Hartley's habit, on summer evenings after the close of a busy day in New York, to spend part of the evening on the piazza of Dr. William Adams's house, in com- pany with General George B. McClellan and General Randolph B. Marcy, when the conversation turned on various incidents of the Civil War in which they each took so prominent a part. Dr. Adams had the faculty of bringing out on such occasions special points in which the various persons present had been actively engaged, and members of our different families would gather to hear the story of some incident on a famous battle- field, or a visit to the Army of the Potomac in connection with the Christian Commission. At times General Marcy would relate his early experiences on the frontier, fascinating his hearers by many a thrilling incident of Indian adventure; and then, after Mr. Hartley had been a silent listener, Dr. Adams would turn to him, and in his persuasive way draw out APPENDIX 105 the story of his Hfe and work in England as the representative of the United States Government in the purchase of arms and ammunition for the Federal army. His modesty in minimiz- ing the valuable service that he rendered at that time made a great impression upon those who were his listeners. A marked trait in his character that impressed me at all times was his courtesy to elderly people. I have before me the very vivid picture of his kindness and courtesy to my father and mother in their old age, notably at Saratoga, on the piazza of the old United States Hotel, when he never failed to do all in his power to make the afternoons and evenings pleas- ant for his old friends. I can say little about his business career; for, while I saw much of him in our country home and in New York in the winter, we had very few business transactions together, and in our busy Hves we seldom met downtown. A Letter from Mr. Anson Phelps Stokes I KNEW Marcellus Hartley for about thirty-five years. His father I also well remember when I was a boy ; he and my father were associated in charitable work for improving the condition of the poor. The first conversation with Marcellus Hartley that I recall was, I think, about 1864, when, for the Ansonia Brass and Cop- per Company, I made with him an important contract for car- tridge metal, and I made similar contracts with him in succeed- ing years. In our discussion regarding these contracts, I was impressed with his business ability and foresight, and I was well satisfied with the manner in which he carried out his agree- ments regardless of the course of the market. I became con- vinced that he was, or would soon be, the leading man in the ammunition business of the country. io6 APPENDIX When I was in the banking business in Wall Street, he came to see me, and invited me to become interested with him in a company for the development of electric lighting, regarding which he had been experimenting at Bridgeport. I became a director with him in this company, which he, with a few friends, controlled. I had a good opportunity to confirm my opinion as to his very great ability and high business character. I have seen him sitting almost silent during a discussion at a board meeting, and then ask some important question, or ex- press in few words some judgment, which, in the decision of the matters before us, had more influence than all that had been said by the other members. As a business adviser in important matters I think he was recognized in a number of boards as the wisest head, and he commonly did much more than his share of the work. He had a pleasant and cheerful manner which made people like to see him, and which, with the knowledge that he would stand by what he said, greatly facilitated the carrying out of important affairs. It was also pleasant to note, as I had repeated occasion to do, that, notwithstanding the excessive business cares which oppressed him, he was glad to give attention to charitable work at Hartley House and elsewhere. Our intercourse through these many years led me to esteem him highly. What Bishop Potter said at the funeral contained much that I, in common with other friends, have felt, but could not so well express. A Letter from Mr. George Westinghouse It affords me much pleasure to say that my associations with Mr. Marcellus Hartley gave me an opportunity to become well acquainted with him and to appreciate his many most excel- APPENDIX 107 lent qualities. I regarded his judgment in many matters in which we were mutually interested as of the highest importance, and it was always to my regret that we had not become ac- quainted at a much earlier period and at a time when coopera- tion between us might have led to greater results in the de- velopment of the electrical enterprise in which we both took so much interest. He was always cordial and consistent, and always ready to render valuable assistance. His death caused me much sorrow, because it brought to an end relations which had grown to be pleasant in every way. A Letter from Hon. Levi P. Morton I AM pleased to know that a memoir of Marcellus Hartley is being prepared. It is only proper that some permanent memo- rial, which will in some degree do justice to his character and his services to the community, should be put in a form which will be acceptable to his many friends. I had the pleasure of know- ing him for many years in business and social relations, and al- ways held the highest opinion of his business abilities, integrity, and kindly nature. The community suffered a severe loss in his death. A Letter from Rev. Robert S. McGregor My acquaintance with Marcellus Hartley extended over a period of three years. From formality it merged into in- formality, and so into friendship. I knew him best in his St. Cloud home, where for two weeks I stayed as his guest. Shall I ever forget them, — those evenings spent in front of the blazing io8 APPENDIX hearth ; the insight he gave me into his early life, the stories he told me of the war, of Lincoln, of Grant, of those awful nights in Birmingham, England, and in Paris ! Or, again, shall I ever forget the stories of his struggles in the business world, or his association with men socially and politically, many of whom gave worth and character to our country's progress ! But all these stories would have lost value to the writer did not their narration possess one quality — modesty. To the slavery question there was to him only one side — the Northern. He believed with his friend, Mr. Lincoln, that all men are created free and equal, and to this end he ever worked. He was a Republican in politics, but democratic in heart, not easily appealed to, but once interested in a cause he remained firm to the end. Of his business life I need say little. There are those who knew him in this capacity better than I ; but of him an old business friend said to me : "Mr. Hartley was a shrewd, but an honest business man ; you knew where to find him, and so knew how to approach him." Mr. Hartley allowed no dictation ; his conscience governed his thought and actions. Questions of church, of charities private and pubHc, as well as questions of business, appealed to him only as they appealed through his conscience. Senti- ment and public notoriety played no part. He gave of his purse and of his time in the most unostentatious way. In so doing, he filled a place in the hearts and lives of many men, who to-day mourn his loss, but who cherish, and ever will cherish, his memory. APPENDIX 109 A Poem by Miss Aline Chester White, in the '^New York Observer'' A CALM and holy light is breaking Through the darkened sunset sky, And a life now fully ended Has ascended upon high. His was one of noble action In the noonday and the heat, Filled he all of life's great duties. Leaves it perfect, all complete. Filled with modest grace and sweetness, Without trouble, toil, or pain, Soared his soul to worlds unknown. And our loss becomes his gain. See, his light is gently shedding Radiant beams upon each one, And to us the words are borne. That his work has been " well done." Lo ! his life work now all ended, Ready for his great reward ; With a smile upon his lips His soul ascended to its Lord. II RESOLUTIONS AND MINUTES OF CORPORATIONS WITH WHICH MR. HARTLEY WAS CONNECTED The Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor MINUTE In entering upon their records mention of the death of the late Marcellus Hartley, the Board of Managers cannot but recall that he came fairly by the qualities which made his name everywhere respected. His father, the first secretary of this Association and to all intents and purposes its founder, illus- trated all through his official life the same quaHties which, later on, gave the younger Hartley his good name. Keenness of insight, thoroughness of method, absolute integrity of pur- pose, were characteristic of both of them ; and although in lives of father and son, the respective fields upon which these characteristics were illustrated were widely different, we may trace the successful careers of both men to one and the same source. To the memory of Robert Milham Hartley, the naming of Hartley House was a deserved tribute, while for the mainte- nance of the activities of that institution and the extending of its borders, we are largely indebted to the wise generosity and timely counsel of our late associate. no APPENDIX III At a critical period in the history of the nation, Marcellus Hartley rendered his country a service which can never be for- gotten ; but it may be questioned whether from that achieve- ment he himself drew any deeper satisfaction than came to him in his latest years from watching over and fostering the work founded in his father's name. Alike as a patriot and as a prac- tical philanthropist, he has left a record of which those who were honored by his friendship may be justly proud. I hereby certify that the above is a true copy of the minute adopted by the Board of Managers at the regu- lar meeting held February 17th, 1902. L. E. Opdycke, Secretary. The Westinghotise Electric and Manufacturing Company Whereas, Marcellus Hartley, a member of the Board of Direction of this Company for more than ten years, died on January 8th, 1902, therefore Resolved : The Board of Directors desires to bear testimony to the value of Mr. Hartley as a brother director. The long term of Mr. Hartley's service included the period during which a re-organization of the Company had to be effected, under cir- cumstances of great financial difficulty, with impaired resources, and in the midst of a well nigh unprecedented business depres- sion. Throughout that trying experience there was no person con- nected with the Company in any capacity of greater service to it than Mr. Hartley. His courage ever rose to the occasion ; and it was always during periods of greatest stress that his presence in the Board was most indispensable. From first to 112 APPENDIX last, by his business experience and sagacity, his sound judg- ment and large resources, he contributed potently to the pres- ervation and development of the property and the protection and profit of its stock-holders. The loss this Board and the Company have sustained through his death is one which it can hardly be hoped w^ill be made good. The other directors deem it proper formally to record this evidence of the estimation in v^^hich Mr. Hartley was held by them, of the service he rendered, and of their sense of the loss incurred through his death. Resolved, That this vote be entered in full on the records of the Board, and the Secretary be instructed to send an engrossed copy thereof to the family of Mr. Hartley, indicative of the sympathy felt in their loss by his business associates. At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company held at New York, Jan- uary 23rd, 1902, the foregoing resolutions were unanimously adopted. George Westinghouse, President. Brayton Ives, Chairman. Charles Francis Adams^ August Belmont Anthony N. Brady N. Willis Bumsted George W. Hebard T. ^^ TT TT,.^^ ) Directors. James H. Hyde Frank H. Taylor George C. Smith B. H. Warren H. H. Westinghouse Charles A. Terry, Secretary. APPENDIX 113 The Manhattan Railway Company At a meeting of the Directors of the Manhattan Railway Com- pany, held on Tuesday, a copy of the following resolutions was ordered to be sent to the family of the late Marcellus Hartley : Marcellus Hartley has gone to his well-earned rest. He died in the full enjoyment of life, in the midst of his activities, with usefulness unimpaired. The Hght of his intelligence did not fade slowly and fiickeringly, but was suddenly quenched, with its brightness undiminished. Apart from the shock to friends and to those who stood closest to him, thus suddenly and dreadfully bereaved, it is a happy ending that leaves no memory behind but that of com- plete and unimpaired intellectual power. The life thus rudely ended was one that had been freely used in the service of others, and, for that reason, productive of happiness to its possessor. Gifted by nature with energy, discernment, industry, and integrity, possessed of a moral nature that kept his high order of intelligence always on the side of the right, Marcellus Hartley was necessarily a success- ful man in his business life, and largely benefited by the ex- ercise of his talents. He was not content, however, with using his great abilities and the material resources they brought him, merely in the service of himself and those immediately depen- dent upon him. While yet a comparatively young man, the needs of his country during the Civil War called for the successful use of his abihties in foreign service of a deHcate and highly impor- tant character. During his entire life as Director in corporations, as adviser of those who sought his counsel, his time, his energies, and his thoughts were freely given in the service of others and in directions where his private interests were small indeed com- pared to his gifts of time and careful thought. 114 APPENDIX His private as well as his public charities stamped him as one who loved his fellow-man, and who realized that the road to personal happiness was most surely trodden by him whose thoughts were given to smoothing for others the ruggedness of life's paths. His cheerfulness and buoyancy of disposition enlivened the dry details of business life, and his wise and penetrating intelligence never failed to further discussion in the direction of safe conclusion. The Directors of the Manhattan Railway Company realize that they have lost a valued associate, a sagacious counsellor, and a personal friend, and hereby make record of their sense of loss and of their deep sympathy with the bereaved ones from whom Marcellus Hartley has been thus suddenly taken away. The America7i Surety Company of New York At a regular quarterly meeting of the Board of Trustees of the American Surety Company of New York, held Wed- nesday, January 15, 1902, the following minute was pre- sented by Mr. William A. Wheelock, and unanimously adopted : In the sudden death of Mr. Marcellus Hartley, not only the American Surety Company, of whose Executive Committee he was an active member, but every institution in our city with whose interests he was identified have experienced a loss which cannot be estimated. Failure with him in any department of business life, was never to be predicated of anything to which he gave his con- fidence, his time, and his personality. The history of our city, for the last fifty years of its active APPENDIX 115 and marvellous improvements, would not be complete without at least a partial record of his active career, and no one can ever know how many thriving and now prosperous industries are indebted to his bold and courageous help, in the time of al- most despair, when, in his masterful way, he spoke the word which brought relief, and assured success. Unassuming always, he rather shrank from than courted prominence, and in all the daily cares of his busy life he passed in and out before his associates in his tireless round of duty, ever calm and deliberate, until, touched by the hand of death in our very presence, he passed in a moment from our sight, consecrating, as it were, the spot in which, as associates, we had so often met. His life is one long eulogy, and we enter this minute upon our records, conveying to the family of our deceased friend, our most sincere condolence in this hour of their bereavement. David B. Sickels, Vice-President. The Western National Bank At a regular meeting of the Board of Directors of the Western National Bank, held on Wednesday, the fifteenth of January, Nineteen hundred and two, the following preamble and resolution was unanimously adopted : Whereas, the sudden death of our associate, Marcellus Hart- ley, on the eighth day of January entails a loss to this bank which it would be difficult to measure. For many years past Mr. Hartley has been an active direc- tor, and more recently one of the Vice-Presidents of the ii6 APPENDIX Bank. As was his habit in regard to all enterprises with which he was connected, he kept himself constantly informed of the operations of the institution, and lent to it his valuable experi- ence, industry, and financial skill. He took an earnest part in the proceedings of the Executive Committee, and was ever ready to lend the weight of his character, credit, means, and talents to the building up of an enterprise which has now assumed proportions and reached a firm condition recognized by all observers. Resolved, That the Board of Directors of the Western National Bank do hereby record their profound grief at the removal of so useful and devoted a friend. Resolved, That the minute be entered on the records of the Bank as a sincere, though inadequate, expression of the senti- ments of this Board, and that a copy of the same be sent to the family of the deceased. The Mercantile Trust Company At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Mercantile Trust Company, held on Wednesday, January 15th, 1902, the following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That the death of Mr. Marcellus Hartley has brought to the members of this Board a deep sorrow for the loss of one whom all had learned to honor and cherish. Mr. Hartley first became a Director of the Company in De- cember, 1 88 1, and from that time has always been one of its ablest advisers and strongest supporters. Mr. Hartley was elected a member of the Examining Com- mittee in November, 1881, and of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in September, 1884, and has since APPENDIX 117 been most earnest in his zeal for the growth and prosperity of the Company. We deeply mourn our loss and sincerely sympathize with the family in their affliction. Ernest R. Adee, Secretary. The International Banking Corporation At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the International Banking Corporation, held in the City of New York on Wed- nesday, January twenty-second. Nineteen Hundred and two, the following resolution was unanimously adopted and an engrossed copy ordered to be sent to Mr. Hartley's family. An all wise Providence having taken from this life our honored and esteemed friend, the President of this Corporation, Mr. Mar- cellus Hartley, we take this occasion to convey to his bereaved family our heartfelt sympathy. We are grateful that we were permitted to know him and to work with him. Having long since chosen the Christian life as the ideal one, he gave himself heartily to all forms of activity and loved es- pecially to be identified with undertakings that would be of benefit to this community and to his loved country. In the midst of his work, while " his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated " and in the act of speaking kindly words, his final summons came. His was an ideal life and in many respects an ideal death. Thomas H. Hubbard, Eugene Delano, James W. Alexander, J. M. Ceballos, Abram S. Hewitt, H. E. Manning, V. P. Snyder, Edward F. Cragin. John I. McCook. ii8 APPENDIX The Lincoln National Bank of the City of New York New York, January i6th, 1902. The Board of Directors has learned with feelings of deep re- gret of the sudden death of Marcellus Hartley, for eleven years a director of this Institution. The Board desires to place upon record its appreciation of the high character, great abihty, and sterling integrity of the deceased and to extend to his bereaved family its deepest sym- pathy at this time of their great affliction. Resolved, That a copy of this minute, properly engrossed, be sent to the family of the deceased. Thomas L. James, President. William T. Cornell, Cashier. The Fifth Avenue Trust Company At a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Fifth Avenue Trust Company, held on February eleventh, Nineteen hun- dred and Two, the following minute was unanimously adopted : Mr. Gerry oflfered the following as a minute to be spread upon the record of the Company. This Board has learned with great sorrow of the sudden death of its valued member, Marcellus Hartley, who, as one of the founders of the Company, and from its inception a member of the Executive Committee, has freely given his time and counsel to our interests. We record here our appreciation of his service. His long and useful career in mercantile and financial affairs in this city, his knowledge of credits and values, APPENDIX 119 his zeal in the interests of every corporation to which he lent his name, his singular punctuality and attention in the per- formance of his duties, and his uniform modesty and courtesy form the framework of his outward life, while his strength of character, his unswerving integrity in purpose and action, his patriotic feeling, his devotion to good works for mankind, and his sense of duty to every trust committed to his care, portray the friend and associate whose memory we cherish and whose loss we mourn. The American Deposit ajid Loan Company At a regular meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Ameri- can Deposit and Loan Company, held on Tuesday, January fourteenth. Nineteen Hundred and Two, the following reso- lution was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That this Board desires to record the great loss which it has sustained in the death of its late member, Mar- cellus Hartley. He was highly esteemed by his business associates for his wide and accurate information, his prudence, sound judgment, great integrity, and genial character. This Board, in particular, will miss his wise advice and devo- tion to its interests. Board of Trustees. James H. Hyde, George W. Jenkins, Edward H. Harriman, Otto H. Kahn, G. E. Tarbell, J. Henry Smith, George H. Squire, Charles B. Alexander, H. M. Alexander, Bainbridge Colby, Wm. H. McIntyre, Henry Rogers Winthrop, V. P. Snyder, Bradish Johnson, Thomas H. Hubbard, Louis Fitzgerald, William Alexander. I20 APPENDIX The German American Bank At a meeting of the German American Bank, held on Jan- uary fourteenth, Nineteen Hundred and Two, the following resolutions were unanimously adopted. Whereas^ It has pleased Providence to remove from our midst and from his sphere of usefulness Marcellus Hartley, our late associate in this Board, therefore — Resolved, That in the death of Mr. Hartley this Board mourns the loss of one whose character and ability always commanded our highest admiration and confidence. Resolved, That we tender to his widow and family our heart- felt sympathies for this great affliction they have been called upon to sustain. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the family of the deceased and be entered upon our minutes. Casimir Tag, President. J. F. Fredericks, Cashier. The Audit Company of New York At a special meeting of the Audit Company of New York, held to-day, the following resolutions were adopted. Whereas, The death of Marcellus Hartley has deprived this Company of a valued and esteemed Director: be it Resolved, That we sincerely lament the loss which has be- fallen the community from the death of a most useful citizen, whose many years were full of examples of untiring endeavor, APPENDIX 121 earnest patriotism, broad charity, and kindly personal con- sideration of all with whom he was associated ; and be it further Resolved, That a copy of this resolution, with the signatures attached thereto, be sent to the bereaved family. August Belmont, A. J. Cassatt, Joseph S. Auerbach. W. A. Nash, John I. Waterbury, James Stillman, Charles R. Flint, G. G. Haven, George Harvey, G. W. Young. New York, January lo, 1902. The Remington Arms Company At a meeting of the employees of the Remington Arms Company, held in the Village Hall, Friday evening, January loth, 1902, the following resolutions were adopted: Whereas, the employees of the Remington Arms Company learn with regret of the sudden death of Marcellus Hartley, the esteemed president of this Company and, Whereas, the loss sustained by the commercial world in gen- eral and particularly by the corporations with which he has been closely connected will be deeply felt and his place among the great financiers of the country will be filled with difficulty, — Resolved, That we tender our sincere and heartfelt sympathy to the members of Mr. Hartley's family in their deep bereave- ment. James A. Whitfield, L. N. Walker, Alonzo A. Rivers, Committee. Ilion, New York, January loth, 1902. 122 APPENDIX The Gun and Sporting Goods Trade At a special meeting of the Gun and Sporting Goods Trade, held January tenth, Nineteen Hundred and Two, the follow- ing minute was adopted. In obedience to the omnipotent decree, in a moment as in the " twinkling of an eye," Marcellus Hartley has been called from us. His name has been associated with all our business under- takings. For many years he has stood forth clearly as the leading figure in the trade to which nearly all his life was devoted, and from which the many various enterprises that sought his coun- sel in later years were not able to weaken his allegiance. His indomitable will, ceaseless energy, and untiring persever- ance make a standard to which few can attain. His integrity of character, faithfulness of purpose, largeness of view, and keenness of discernment made him more and more sought as a leader and advisor. Until the last moment of his life he was a man of affairs. In recognition of his worth we desire to record this tribute of honor, regard, and esteem. U. T. HUNGERFORD, Chairman. Joseph Gales, Secretary. U. T. HUNGERFORD BRASS ) U. T. HUNGERFORD, & Copper Co., > President. T. G. Bennett, Winchester Repeating ( President. Arms Co., ( g. E. Hodson, Vice-president. APPENDIX 123 A. G. Spalding & Bros., J. W. Curtiss, Secretary. The H. & D. Folsom ) Henry T. Folsom, Arms Co., 3 President. Von Lengerke & Detmold, A. H. FUNKE, J. H. Lau & Co., M. W. Robinson Co., R. M. Nesbith, President. Charles J. Godfrey, The Iver-Johnson Arms & Cycle Works, Tower & Lyon, William M. Odell, George G. Moore, William P. Howell, H. H. KlFFE, William M. Cornwall, JESPERSEN & HiNES, H. Werlemann, SCHOVERLING, DaLY & GaLES. CHARLES HOWARD DaLY, Secretary. Ill EDITORIAL COMMENT ON MR. HARTLEY'S DEATH From the ''New York Times " Marcellus Hartley Stricken at the council-table in the performance of deliber- ative and advisory duties for which his long experience and remarkable powers of sound judgment gave him so high a degree of fitness, Marcellus Hartley may be said to have died as the wise man might wish to die : not after a period of pain and in weakness, but with the harness on, in the fullness of his powers, and in attendance upon his daily tasks. For the friends of Mr. Hartley there is also consoling force in the reflection that, measured either by achievements, or by the reputation, the distinction, and the public and private esteem he had won, his life was an unusually full one. No man in the history of affairs in this city of Mr. Hartley's wide range of activities, real power, and recognized influence was ever more modest and unassuming. Quite unknown to the multitudes who saw him every day, and by strong personal disinclination a stranger to the arts by which public fame is acquired, Mr. Hartley was, and for more than a quarter of a century has been, one of the strong and influential figures in the financial circles of New York. His judgment was valued 124 APPENDIX 125 and his advice sought by men who are themselves of com- manding importance. He was, indeed, one of the surest and wisest counselors in all commercial and investment undertak- ings. Forty years ago, when Mr. Hartley was a young man, the United States Government intrusted to him the perform- ance of a task of the utmost difficulty and delicacy, calling for the exercise of a riper judgment and surer discretion than most men have developed at the age of thirty-five. It has been told, though perhaps it is not widely known, that during the Civil War he was sent to Europe with millions to his credit, instructed by the government to purchase arms and munitions of war in order to forestall the purchase of them by the agents of the Confederacy who had been sent over on the same errand ; and the confidence which his government had reposed in him was fully justified by the success of his mission. The business ability displayed by Mr. Hartley was only one of the qualities of character by which he commanded respect. His gifts and benefactions reached an annual sum of which no one had knowledge, unless it were himself, and he was cer- tainly one of those men whose left hand did not know the good his right was doing. Of Hartley House and of the work it accomplishes for the relief of the poor the public has infor- mation through annual reports, but we think the major part of Mr. Hartley's giving was private and unrecorded. If it be the rule that the management of large affairs tends to hardness of heart, Mr. Hartley was a splendid exception. Many men en- joyed his friendship, his advice, his encouragement, and his as- sistance, and we venture to say that none of them will aver that they ever had a friend more true, loyal, and unselfish. It was a warm and full heart that beat in his bosom. Such a man is an element of strength and safety in any com- munity. The influence which naturally belongs to men of large means he wielded always in a way to set an example of prudence and wise conservatism. He was the guide of men less self-reliant, but not into dangerous paths or unwarrantable 126 APPENDIX ventures. Mr. Hartley will be most seriously missed and his loss will be felt among those who met him, trusted him, and dealt with him in the daily round of affairs. He will be sin- cerely mourned by those who, through their knowledge of the noble and kindly qualities of his character, had come to feel for him real esteem and affection. From the ** Commercial Advertiser " Mr. Hartley's abilities, services, and sterling personal qual- ities won for him the esteem and admiration of the strong, able men with whom he was daily thrown into contact. In the higher world of finance he enjoyed an exalted reputation. But fame as it has fallen to many less worthy he never had. To the great multitude he was unknown. His name to the gen- eral public, if it meant anything, brought but dim remem- brance and vague recognition. Mr. Hartley was one of those great men — for endowments such as his, applied as he applied them, warrant the appellation — who do their work quietly, unostentatiously, who are famous only among the famous. For fame, in the popular sense, Mr. Hartley cared nothing. The path to that sort of distinction was opened to him, and he turned his face from it. He was often besought by leading men in his party (he was a Republican) to take an active part in politics. His native courage and sound judgment, his tact, his skill in dealing with men, his foresight, were recognized by the men of influence who knew him. These men saw in him great possibilities of political leadership, of political pre- ferment. But Mr. Hartley steadfastly said no to them all. He preferred to devote himself to business, to great commer- cial and financial enterprises, and to charity. He was a genu- inely modest, unassuming man. APPENDIX 127 His characteristics in that respect were shown most notably in his charities. Every year he gave away great sums of money. How much his donations amounted to annually no one knew but himself, and his individual gifts were known only inciden- tally. Mr. Hartley was literally content in his works of benefi- cence not to let his right hand know what his left hand did. His career furnishes a striking example of the power of con- centration, of complete mastery of a subject, as the first essen- tial of great success. Mr. Hartley, when just out of school, entered the counting-room of a leading firm of gun-importers. Before long he was an expert on firearms. He knew his sub- ject not only on its commercial but also on its technical side, and when he was only thirty-five years of age he was selected by Mr. Stanton, President Lincoln's Secretary of War, for the important and responsible position of government agent in Europe, with plenary powers. His mission was to buy fire- arms from the foreign manufacturers for the Union army. There was no question as to his equipment for that task alone. But his mission was more than a merely commercial one. He was in a real sense committed to a diplomatic service. He was to outwit the agents of the Confederate Government, and win sympathy, much needed, for the Union cause. No small task was that for a young man of thirty-five. That Mr. Hart- ley succeeded brilliantly in his mission shows that his judg- ment was extraordinarily matured, and his finesse and tact highly developed. In the financial world Mr. Hartley was known as one whose advice might well be taken by the most astute, as one on whom the strongest might lean in troublous times, as one who, al- though possessing in the highest degree courage and self-re- liance, might always be found on the side of conservatism and prudence. Dealing daily with large propositions of finance, deciding questions involving dollars alone, he lost none of his human, kindly qualities. He was trusted, esteemed, regarded with affection by all those who knew him. 128 APPENDIX From the " Christian Work'' General Marcellus Hartley Marcellus Hartley, who passed away in this city on Wed- nesday of last week, was not only a most successful man of business, engaged in many departments of business activity, but he was a man of beneficent impulses — deliberate purpose, rather — and gave freely to many beneficent institutions, as he was also an active participant in the management of not a few. Mr. Hartley, too, was a pronounced patriot. At a critical time during our Civil War he went abroad and secured arms for our army, which if any one else could have done, no one, it is safe to say, could have done so well. Not only so, but he refused any and all compensation for himself or his firm, and for this act of patriotism President Lincoln made him a brigadier-general. Perhaps no one has indulged in more char- itable acts than Mr. Hartley; and it is certain none could have been more unostentatious in their bestowment. Notwith- standing his multiplied business interests — he was president or director of some fifteen great corporations — Mr. Hartley's heart and mind were deeply fastened upon the claims of charity. Especially noticeable is the Hartley Home, initiated by him, and placed under the management of the New York Associa- tion for the Improvement of the Condition of the Poor, the in- stitution being named after the father of the deceased philan- thropist. Among the other charitable institutions fostered by Mr. Hartley, all of which owe their existence in part to the work of a member of the Hartley family, are the Society for the Relief of Ruptured and Crippled Children, the Presbyterian Hospital, and the Association for the Improvement of the Con- dition of the Poor. Because of his unostentation few men saw their names less frequently in the public prints than he ; but none the less was he known all through New York circles of business and benevolence as one of New York's foremost citi- APPENDIX 129 zens. No one, too, enjoyed more the rest and the seclusion of family life than he ; and those who have come in contact with him at all to know him will mourn the loss of one possessing noble qualities of head and heart which found expression in per- sonal activities. Siste Viator / Well has Sir Thomas Browne exclaimed, " Our very life is but a dream, and while we look around eternity is at hand." IV EXTRACTS FROM MR. HARTLEY'S CORRESPONDENCE DURING THE CIVIL WAR Note. — During the nine months that Mr. Hartley was in Europe, in 1862 and 1863, in the service of the United States Government, he wrote a vast number of letters. These are wholly on business affairs, to various manufacturers, to his agents, to his bankers, and, as a rule, they possess little interest to the reader. Among them, however, those to Secretary Stanton, of which there are twenty-five or thirty, and to other persons in high place, stand out as possessing a more than passing interest; they deal with more general questions of policy and with busi- ness details of greater moment. A few of those are included in the text of Chapter V. They are here supplemented by some further correspondence of the same sort, introduced with the purpose, not of giving any complete account of Mr. Hartley's doings, but of showing the various aspects of his work. No. 9. Berlin, October 7, 1862. Sir : My last was under date of the first instant from Cologne. I have nothing from you since your three favors of the twelfth ulto. — No. 6. I have just received a telegram that the addi- tional £\^o,ooQ> credit has arrived, making ;^38o,ooo in all, but they all expire on the first of November. Please lose no time in extending them until such time beyond the tenth of December as in your judgment you may require me. You will pardon me if I suggest here that it is our right course to secure all arms here in Europe, in order that the South may not obtain them. They are purchasing largely, and wherever 130 APPENDIX 131 they can find arms they purchase, paying but Httle attention to price as long as they can obtain them. They are endeavor- ing to purchase Enfields. Some of our Birmingham makers have refused to deliver at less than 53/. The London makers have refused to continue after the first of November at the old price, saying they have been offered more. I refused to listen to an advance, but, since my journey among the dif- ferent arms manufactories on the Continent, I find that the Confederates are making all efforts to secure a large quantity of arms, and I have written to the London manufacturers and requested Mr. Tomes to obtain the refusal until my return of all they can make until the first of December at their price, as by that time I hope to find out positively if they have a bona fide offer for more than I am paying, and, if so and the offer is from the South, I certainly shall be justified in paying it. So in regard to Birmingham, if their agents are in the market, I think it the part of wisdom to make contracts with the Bir- mingham manufacturers at such prices as I can get them to sign, binding them down. They would not sign contracts at 45/, and the most of them even at 50/, as they all had been caught so often they preferred to take the chance of the mar- ket. Therefore I think if the South has agents purchasing arms, if I can make contracts with the manufacturers to bind them, at prices exceeding your limits, I think it my duty to prevent the arms falling into their hands. At Liege I purchased ready-made and entirely new arms : C. Dandoy . . 400 French Rifled Muskets, 3^, with implements and extra cones — packing boxes no charge 37 fr- 120 ditto, ditto. No. 2 . . . . 43 fr. B. M. Tambeur) j.,^ ,.,, T^-r r ' Ui. > 2200 ditto, ditto, No. 2, freight Freres > -J ^ A ^ 1 • paid to Antwerp — packing boxes 8 fr 46.75 fr. 132 APPENDIX Association ) ^ooo Piedmontese Rifled Muskets, extra cones, implements ; freight free to Antwerp, boxes 8 fr 48 fr. 1500 French Rifled Muskets, with implements as above ; freight free to Antwerp, boxes 8 fr. 39 fr. 800 ditto, with elevated sights . 42.50 fr, Louis Muller 3500 French Rifled Muskets, in- tended for the Italian Gov- ernment, all ready for ship- ment 46 fr. The above were all made and will be shipped in two weeks, as soon as extra cones and implements can be made. I also ordered 8000 of the same kind from the Association, Dandoy and Mr. Muller to be ready by the first of November of either quality, they to inform me when the lots are ready for pur- chasing. That makes in all ordered in Liege of 69/100, 18,520 — all of which will leave Europe on or before, say, the fifth of November. You will be informed from Birmingham weekly how many are shipped and the amount of drafts. In Vienna I purchased 20,000 blue barrel with angular bay- onet, leaf sight, 58/100, and 10,000 bright barrel with angular bayonet, leaf sight, 54/100 — including for each case of 20 guns 10 ball screws, 20 combined wrenches, and 20 extra cones at 26 florins — say 53 francs. The arms are all entirely new, but will have to be carefully inspected and packed, as there is no dependence to be placed upon any of the manufacturers. It will take at least six weeks to ship them all. I found on arrival in Vienna that Boker had the refusal, or, in other words, the control of the arms. I obtained possession of them by agreeing to pay him 40 kreuzers, or about $16 APPENDIX 133 per gun, he paying all expenses, delivered at the railroad. He will have to pay for packing-boxes, viewing (a house will have to be obtained), and banker's commission, which is one-half per cent. All is under the supervision of my Springfield in- spector. It is the best arrangement I could make, and under the circumstances very fortunate that he was there, for I should have had to employ some one — a commission house would not have done it except for a commission, and I should be afraid to trust them ; my bankers could not do it, and under the cir- cumstances it was very fortunate, as I cannot remain there. I found that Moses and Co., a London house with a Captain or Colonel Hughes, had purchased 50,000 bright barrel Aus- trian guns, 54/100 caliber, no leaf sight, from the Austrian government about three weeks since at 26.75 florins, and Mr. Martin of the above firm is now in Vienna attending to the shipment of them. They were in treaty for those I purchased, and no doubt would have purchased them in a little time. The Austrian government refuse to sell any more for the present, but Mr. Truberth, the manufacturer from whom I purchased the arms, the controller of all the manufactories, informs me that when the different contractors make deliveries of the " new arm " the government will no doubt sell more, but it will be some two or three months. He has promised to obtain from the government the refusal of the next lot and inform me. The South purchased 30,000 in the spring, and now 50,000 more. I was informed in London that samples of the Prussian guns were offered there to the South and they thought of pur- chasing. On inquiry I found that Hughes was temporarily absent from Vienna, and thinking that he might be here, I started Sunday for this place. The government here offer 50,000 rifled Prussian guns, caliber 72/100, nipples too large, — in other respects it is a good gun, — at 10 Prussian thalers (about $7). They have already three offers for them, — one from Hamburg, — but I cannot find out who is offering. I have carefully inspected the guns and would not hesitate 134 APPENDIX one minute if they were the proper caliber. You instruct me to purchase 69/100 if I cannot obtain smaller, but if 69/100 cannot be obtained you leave it to my judgment to purchase such arms as are serviceable. These arms are serviceable, but the bore is the objection. If I allow them to pass now the South will have them. They can be used by the militia, and in an emergency by regular troops. The price, 10 thalers, is rather high. They are not worth, at the outside, over $6. Shall I purchase at $7 or not? I have to decide to-morrow. I am a little perplexed. They are scattered in eleven different arsenals throughout Prussia. I shall have to have packing-boxes made, employ inspectors and viewers for each place — 100,000 thalers to be paid down as a guarantee, the balance at each arsenal on delivery of each lot of guns. Personally I cannot attend to all of it. My Springfield inspector has all he can attend to at Vienna. It would be impossible to have the cones altered here. It would have to be done in New York. All these things are against the arms. Yet I still think it my duty to secure them. The arms, I find, cannot be purchased except by a Prussian subject. This I may arrange with my bankers. I think it advisable to go to one or two of the arsenals — say Stettin and Magdeburg, the nearest — and see the condition they are in before I make an offer. I now feel the want of more inspectors and trustworthy men. I do not know where to obtain them. I do not know at present of any more arms of any amount to be obtained in Europe. I have written to my house in Paris to call upon the French authorities and see if they can or will dispose of any, but there is but little probability of doing anything there. There are some Garibaldis in Hamburg, but they are very inferior. They no doubt will now be sent to New York on speculation. If I purchase these 50,000 Prussians, the amount purchased by me will be, say, 18,000 in Liege, 30,000 in Vienna, 50,000 in Berhn — 98,000 in all. APPENDIX 135 I send this letter to-night and will endeavor to inform you by same steamer, if possible, in regard to the 50,000. Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. To Hon. E. M. Stanton. In reading this letter over, I refer to the Confederates being in treaty for the 30,000 purchased in Vienna, implying that as Boker had the control of them he was the party. They were in treaty with Truberth before Boker. Mr. B. informed me that they, Mr. Martin of Moses and Co., had offered them a price for some Garibaldis, but he refused to sell any arms that might go directly or indirectly to the Confederates. Berlin, October 7, 1862. Mr. C. W. May, My dear Sir : I am in receipt of your letter of the 2d inst., as well as that of the 1st at Liege. My object in now writing is to request you, if possible, to find some one who can obtain some arms from the French Minister of War. I thought of B , but he may think that he might make political capital and write direct to Washington. He would not do, as he holds an official posi- tion under our government ; and the French government, being neutral, would not have anything to do with him. You had better see the minister yourself, and in your own name ask him if he will sell any of their arms, and if he will not, call upon Mr. Poirier, the old gentleman, and get him to see the emperor and let him purchase in his own name, or rather see what can be done — how many, price, etc., and description. Do not say a word to any one about it. Do not take any one's advice about employing B , as it cannot be done 136 APPENDIX through him. Move quickly. Do not send me any letters with our business stamp upon them. I will inform you where next to write me. Much obliged to Mr. Morgan for his kind- "^^^- Yours truly, M. Hartley. No. lo. Berlin, October 8, 1862. Sir : I wrote you from this place yesterday, I have just returned from Stettin, where I saw 12,000 of the Prussian rifled 72/100 guns. They are all in good order, nine-tenths of them having never been used. I have concluded to purchase them, and have made an offer of 8 Thl., 5 Sil. gr. They ask ten thalers. I have so arranged it if they refuse I can know what will buy them. It will take two weeks to have cases made and have them packed at Stettin. If I succeed in obtaining them, — and I have little doubt but I shall obtain them, — it will take at least three weeks to pack them — say four weeks before they are all shipped. The nipples will have to be fixed in New York. They all have ball screws, but no wrenches; those you will have to have made in New York. I examined their cartridge at the arsenal, and if I could judge from appearances, I should say that the ball which they use is not larger than our 69/100, and appeared to be lighter. The concave runs nearly to the top, thus making the ball a mere shell. They use an iron cup in the cavity, but the officers said it was of no use, as the powder expanded the ball sufficiently to fill the grooves. I send a ball by this mail, with instructions to send to you. I am led to make these remarks from what you have written in regard to our troops disliking to shoot the old 69/100. If I remember right, the Minie ball in our cart- ridge for 69/100 caliber is much heavier than the Prussian APPENDIX 137 72/100. Our ball is merely concaved, or rather cupped out like the head of a ramrod, thus making the ball much heavier than there is any occasion for and using more lead than is nec- essary. If the ball was concaved or hollowed out in proportion to the Prussian I believe the soldiers would not complain so much ; they certainly would not have so much to carry, and the balls would not cost so much. I may be wrong, but it certainly is worth looking into. In some instances I have intended the arms to be forwarded without implements and extra cones, but they will be sent in, say, seven to ten days afterwards by themselves. I have in- structed S. H. & G. to report these things to Captain Crispin. The nipples of the Austrian guns will all be fixed on this side, and extra cones will be new, similar size to our Springfield. Some of the arms shipped from Liege had no elevated sights ; it would take from three to four weeks to put them on those that were finished and ready for shipment, so I sent without sights. Those in hand will all have sights ; there are not over 4,000 without elevated sights. With the 50,000 Prussian, I shall have purchased, say, 98,000, but I shall still purchase, if I can find them, say, 5,000 or 10,000 good arms. The 30,000 Austrian at 53.40 francs will amount to 64,200 " 50,000 Prussian, say, lothalers 70,000 ;^i 34,200 If I continue to keep possession of the Enfield market I shall want, say, ;^200,ooo more by the loth of December, or, rather, at once, as my purchases end on the loth of December. In my next I shall be able to give you an account of drafts. Please let me know as early as possible your decision in regard to the control of the Enfield market after the loth of December, 138 APPENDIX If we succeed in shutting off the Confederates from a supply of arms, they must succumb. Had we at the start monopolized all the arms, — suppose it cost ten millions, twenty millions or even more, — where would they have obtained them ? If this war is to continue one year, or two, or more, how long will the arms they now have last them ? and when they are gone, where will they obtain more ? You will pardon me for referring to this again, but from the exertions they are now making here they will clean the market out, and if so, after that we should take care that they do not have any superior ^^^^- Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. To Hon. E. M. Stanton. No. 12 LifecE, October i6, 1862. Sir : My last was dated 14th inst. from Berlin. I arrived here this morning. Ten thousand new French rifled 69/100 guns have been shipped on the Hainino7iia, to sail 22d inst. from Southampton. The steamer Brevien, that was to sail on the 15th, was withdrawn, being disabled. Five thousand more will be ready next week. Prices are advancing here ; it was for- tunate that I secured the market as I passed through some two weeks since. I have purchased to-day from the Association 1000 rifled 69/100, ready by the 15th of November, with extra cones, freight paid to Antwerp, 42.50 francs, boxes 8 francs, Tanner and Co.; 1500 ditto No. i, with implements, extra cones, packing-boxes, no charge, by the 14th of November, 45.50; Louis Muller, 2000 Enfields, with cones and packing- boxes, to be delivered weekly all by the ist of December, 65 francs ; B. M. Tambeur Freres, 2000 Untembery government APPENDIX 139 guns, rifles with sights, implements, cones, and packing-boxes, at 40 francs; 10,000 Belgian government muskets, smooth bore (but to be rifled), with implements and cones complete, no charge for packing-boxes, at 37 francs ; 5000 ditto with sights, implements, cases, and cones, no charge, at 40 francs. These last 15,000 are government guns, smooth bore, but they will be rifled ; 5000 is all I can have sights put on. The whole to be shipped in six weeks — making in all 17,500 69/100 and 2000 Enfields. They are all first-rate guns, and I have concluded not to purchase the 20,000 Prussians referred to in my last, as those purchased here are superior and will be ready for use at once; besides, the 100,000 will nearly be made up; the balance I shall find somewhere. The amount now stands : In Vienna . . 30,000 " Berlin . . 30,000 ( 96,000, independent of all " LltGE . . 18,500 ( Enfields. " Ll^GE, to-day, 17,500 The party referred to in my letter as having 30,000 69/100 for sale turns out to be, as I anticipated, a speculator, and the probability is, I have purchased to-day here some of the guns he offers at 55 francs at 37 francs and 40 francs or 45 francs, etc. I wrote you that I had written to my house in Paris in regard to obtaining some arms from the French government. I inclose a letter from our Mr. May in Paris in regard to it. As my pur- chases are nearly full now, I cannot press the matter any fur- ther, but if you desire more arms they may be obtained. I told him to use Mr. Poirier, of the firm of Poirier Freres, who has a house in New York, and who has a contract with the French government to supply all the food and stores for the Mexican expedition, which he does from New York, and knowing the officials and the French emperor, and being a staunch friend, he might obtain from them what a stranger could not. I have selected the best guns for the order of 100,000 which I could I40 APPENDIX find. There are other guns offered to me, but being in the hands of speculators, I do not follow them up, as it tends only to advance the price for the same guns, and at the same time I have the refusal of the maker. I go from here to Paris to look at some Enfields, — one lot of 2000 at 66 francs, and one lot of 700 at 65 francs, — and return to England on Monday. I now have some inconvenience in not having my credit extended. Inclosed you have memorandum of arms that may be made in six months on this side and also what may be offered for sale. Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. To Hon. E. M. Stanton. Statement of the number of arms that probably might be made at the different factories on the Continent and in Eng- land in six months : Vienna $10.40 80,000 In 6 months at, say, 26 florins at 40 cents $832,000 The government will sell no more until the makers replace what have been sold. These arms may be all i-Q^ after the first two months. Stahl, in Germany $10.50 15,000 Enfields in 6 months, at, say, 15 thalers at 70 cents 157,500 They are now engaged on govern- ment contracts. They make arms equal to the English. Herzberg $11.90 6,000 Enfields in 6 months, at, say, 17 thalers, 70 cents 71,400 _! These are good arms. 101,000 $1,060,900 APPENDIX 141 Brought forward, 10 r, 000 $1,060,900 Li^GE : 30,000 Arms, Enfields and French model assorted, at, say, 55 francs at $1 1 . 330,000 The Association have contracts with the English government and other governments until next sum- mer. London : 50,000 Enfields, at, say, 60/, $14.50 . . 725,000 Birmingham : 140,000 Enfields, at, say, 55/, $13.50 . . 1,890,000 France, St. Etienne: 20,000 Enfields and French model, at, say, 60 francs, $12 240,000 341,000 $4,245,900 17,050 packing boxes, $2 . 34,100 $4,280,000 The different governments of Europe have contracts out for arms. The calculation above is independent of such contracts, being what can be made besides all government contracts. This calculation is the outside amount. Statement of second-hand arms that may be offered for sale in a few months : Prussia: Berlin $7.00 22,000 Rifled j^o at, say, 10 thalers . . $154,000 Same as the 30,000 purchased. 142 APPENDIX Brought forward, 22,000 $154,000 Darmstadt $6.30 12,000 Rifled ^^Q French model, say, 9 thalers 75, 600 These may be off"ered for sale when they receive the new arms now con- tracted for. WiTTENBURG $6.30 9,000 Rifled j^o French model, say, 9 thalers 56,700 When they receive new arms they may be sold. Bavaria $6.30 7,000 Rifled j^o French model, say, 9 thalers 44,100 When they receive new arms. 50,000 $330,400 2,500 packing-boxes, say, $2 . . 5,000 $335,400 If the party who has the refusal of the 20,000 Prussians does not take them, they will make the number 70,000. The English government has a large number of arms that it wants to dispose of, but refuses to sell any at present to any one. How many, I do not know, but 200,000 at least ; they are the old English musket, smooth bore and rifled. She probably will not sell while the war lasts. The French government has a large number of old arms. The emperor has always refused to sell them. The Russian government sold over 400,000 arms ; they were purchased by a Russian at St. Petersburg. They are very in- ferior, comprising carbines, etc., all smooth bores and only fit for the ironmonger. APPENDIX 143 Liverpool, October 20, 1862. Messrs. Brown, Shipley & Co., Liverpool. Gentlemen : Will you please quietly inquire of Mr. Inman, or from any other parties who may be able to furnish a steamer, the price per ton they would ask for freight from Hamburg and South- ampton to New York if I agreed to furnish a full cargo, and also the number of cases a vessel would carry (size of cases same as are sent you). Please do it in your own name. The Hamburg steamers have just advanced the price to $25, and I am willing to take the risk of filling a ship if the price is not too much. I should want her to leave Hamburg, say, the 5th of Novem- ber, and Southampton the 8th inst. Please give me full particulars, naming the quantity of cases, freight to be paid on this side. Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. Per Steamer /'^m«. No. 15. 47 Hampton St., Birmingham, November 8, 1862. Sir: My last letter was from this place under date of 25 th of October, numbered 14. I am still without any advice of addi- tional credit. I hope, however, to receive one by the Asia; her letters due here Monday. If not, I shall be obliged to stop purchasing in the open market and confine myself to the engagements made by me for Enfields at 69/100 caliber. I 144 APPENDIX am short to-day, say, ^^"30,000; if I continue purchasing En- fields I shall be just so much more short to meet my contracts. Depending upon the receipt of another credit I have continued keeping possession of the market until I have made engage- ments to the above amount, beyond the ;^38o,ooo opened in my favor. I regret to inform you that Mr. Inman, the owner of the screw steamers from Liverpool, the line that we have been depending upon to carry our arms, informs us that " until further notice" he will not carry any articles "contraband of war." We had 178 cases there waiting shipment, which we have sent to Southampton to go by the steamer of the 19th. The steamer from Southampton on the 19th is the first one to sail, the Bremen Line having none. This, you will observe, throws all freight on that steamer. We shall ship some 50,000 to 60,000 arms on her. All the arms from other parties will have to go by her. If she falls a prey to the Alabama she will be a rich prize. As she does not leave until the 19th from here you might send a vessel to casually look after her. Since my last, we have shipped per steamer Et7ia 3220 Enfields from here, 3280 69/100 caliber from Liege, and per steamer Teutonia 4600 Austrian, 54/100 caHber; 3140 Austrian, 58/100 caliber; and 2220 Enfields; amount of Enfields to date 58,200, other arms 21,958. Inclosed you have recapitulation to date. Amount of drafts drawn, ;^i8i,957, 13.?., 4^. This is inde- pendent of amounts paid for Prussian and Austrian arms and for credit opened in favor of Tambeur Freres and Tanner and Co. Will give you account as the goods are shipped. I have opened an additional credit for i^i 5,000 for the Vienna pur- chase, leaving about ;^20,ooo yet to pay. I am obliged to close this, being interrupted unexpectedly about our freight. Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. To Hon. E. M. Stanton. APPENDIX 145 No. 18 47 Hampton St., Birmingham, November 29, 1862. Dear Sir : My last was from here under date of the 22d inst., num- bered 17. To-day I received a telegram from S. H. & G. saying an additional credit was on the way. I immediately secured all the ready-made arms in the market at prices varying from 42/ to 50/, say about 6000, at an average price of 45/. I was obliged to slacken up in purchasing, as my credit would not have held out if all the manufacturers had delivered to time. Under the circumstances, it was just as well. The refusal of Mr. Inman to allow his steamers to carry con- traband of war threw all the freight upon the Southampton steamers, and as I had as much as I could ship, it was just as well, as it would not be safe to accumulate arms, without means of shipping them. I had already secured freight for 950 cases from Southamp- ton, at £/\. per ton, freight advanced to £'] , 10 per cent, primage. Your telegram in regard to the 69/100 I received in time to stop some 400 cases, which made room for those from here and what were shut out at Liverpool. The effect of Mr. Inman's refusal upon shippers here was caution, and they slackened up ; the consequence was guns here went down. Henderson and some of the manufacturers belonging to the Small Arms Company purchased at 42/ to 48/, and they will go to New York. I cannot tell the nature of the instructions now due by the Scotia, but if you have enough arms for immediate use, would it not be as well either to stop purchasing in New York before the arrival of the steamer Bavaria, to sail on the 3d of Decem- ber, or to reduce the price to, say, $14.50 to $15 ? I cannot 146 APPENDIX see why we should not as well avail ourselves of the market as to pay the speculators and manufacturers the difference. The Small Arms Company here is up to all dodges. I should like to manage them. Before my arrival here in July a con- tract could have been made with them at 42/ to 45/ ; they asked me 65/ on the start, etc. If you do not stop now prices will advance rapidly again. 42/, exchange at 1.23, would make the cost of guns in New York, say, $12.13 ; 45/ at same rate, $13. You pay exchange all above 1.23. If you put the price down or stop, inform me, and I will stop purchase until I can buy at 42/ to 45/ and purchase all they have in hand, and if it is your desire to continue, I would bind them down, agreeing to take what stock they had at the above price, provided they would agree to give me all they could make at one or two months, at same price. The better plan would be to reduce the price, saying that guns can be bought and are now worth 42/, and tell Mr. Naylor that the Small Arms Company are buying at that. This information must not come from me. I have referred to the above, as I think, if they are sharp, we should be. I have not paid higher than £$ per ton freight, always threatening to ship by the Bremen or Hamburg Line, as the case would be, but after next week there is no steamer of an opposition Hne until the 26th of December, so I shall be obHged to pay it, although I have succeeded in obtaining the difference of railroad charges between here and Southampton and Liver- pool. I have not yet disposed of any of the 69/100 caliber; two parties have talked of buying. After Monday I shall be able to give it my personal attention. Of the 10,000 Enfields ordered in Liege, 4000 only have been delivered. These arms are better than any English-made arms, excepting those of the London Armory Company, APPENDIX 147 This steamer starting from Bremen, we have no Austrian on board, but have some on the steamer from Hamburg to- day — some 5000. Inclosed you have duplicate invoices and statement of shipment. Amount of Enfields to date, 70,120; total number of arms, 131,810. Yours truly, Marcellus Hartley. To Hon. E. M. Stanton. No. 22 47 Hampton St., Birmingham, December 20, 1862. Dear Sir . My last was from here under date of the 17th inst.. No. 21, containing an offer from the London Armory Company. I now have the pleasure of inclosing invoices of our last ship- ment, being the largest and best yet made. By the steamer Hamnionia, which was to have sailed the 1 7th inst., from South- ampton, but was delayed owing to some disarrangement of her machinery (inclosed you have newspaper account) and sailed to-day, have been shipped 1,700 interchangeable Enfield rifles 28,060 hand-made ditto 10,978 Austrian 54/100 and 58/100 caHbers. 148 APPENDIX The balance of Enfields to make the amount of inclosed in- voices will be shipped by steamer New York, to sail the 24th inst. from Southampton with the 69/100 calibers, viz: 500 interchangeable Enfields 7,300 hand-made ditto 13,860 French rifled muskets — 69/100. The above, no doubt, is the largest shipment ever made by one party, or ever obtained in the same time of first-class Enfields, 37,560. I have made every effort here, in London and Liege to obtain all the Enfields in hand. In London and Liege I cleaned the market out, but here could have obtained 5000 more if they could have been viewed. We have worked day and night for the last sixteen days. It has required care and caution to push the manufacturers to this unusual quantity, without materially advancing the price. In London and Liege, though I advanced the price for a short time, I gave them larger orders than they could complete, and bought them at the low price, and in Liege from 2 francs to 5 francs less. Here in Birmingham I started at 42/ on the 29th of November, but had to advance to 50/, or should have lost many of the guns. I shall not be able to obtain the freight bills of the Hammo- nia and the New York until the beginning of the week, which will delay my accounts, but they shall be forwarded with the vouchers next week. I have not insured any of the arms ; they all have arrived in safety, as far as heard from. The shipment by the Hammonia is very large and valuable, amounting to, say, £\ 10,000. As this advice will reach you before her arrival, if you think it proper they can be insured in New York. I have used about ;(^i 10,000 of the last credit. Amount of APPENDIX 149 Enfields shipped to date, 110,140; total amount of arms shipped, 204,848. Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. To Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War. New York, February 20, 1864. Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War, Washington. Dear Sir : Will you please inform me if my accounts for the purchase of arms in Europe have been examined and adjusted ? If so, I shall be obliged to you if you will acknowledge the same. The accounts have been in your possession since, say, the 1st of March last. Yours respectfully, Marcellus Hartley. APR 14 1S05 J